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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 S 6 For Ififortnatloti Regarding the- MINERAL RESOURCES -or- British Columbia -WHITE TO- HENRY GROIT, Rosslaud, B. C. ik««oc. N. Inst. G. B., M. I. M. E., Enufand. Fninwi rnni' EiperiK in Bisn miml Mining Properties Managed. Reports Made on Mines. MINING IN THB PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 1 mmi Fi Ci INNESp Mining Broker, Vancouver, B. C. All 4eaorlptlon« o< MIbIbk VrwpweHmm nesottated for. lhpe«i«I mttentlon viTca to SloewB «ad Trail Creek divtrlotab rmll Hat of ataadard stoeka at lofreat qaotatlona. Correspondence Solicited. C7ai>D€l— A, B, O, 0, 4tk Bdltlon, Morelnff A Neal'a. VERY MANY Of 'tke SAtne pros- pectors and tnlners who purchased their outfits from us In 1896 are again ord- ering from us this spring. This MUST prove that they were well satisfied. If you want the very best outfit that money can buy (and that Is the only kind you should have) can or write to us. COOMBieiiVY, Wholesale and Retail Orooen, 104 and 106 Commercial Street, Seattle, Wash. Pblfodloe Box m frio* itot maU«« va «;M>ueatl«a. 109562 u MININ© IN THK PACIFIC N»nTHW»«T. Ariiona Gold Mining Co. if? ^ ip OFFICERS. Tinw. FRANKI^URT PrenldeiH N. W. SCANI.ON Vlce-P»e«lden< D. M. SOLlflDAY Se«rc<«ry FHAKTK JOIMT Tr««»iir«» HEAD OFFICE, 601-602 Pioneer Building: SEATTLE, WASHINGTON, The Arliona Oold Mining Company owns the ArlBona and Washington mlnlns claims, on the headwaters of the north fork of the Snoqualmie River, In King County, Washington. They are only one mile from the Brooklyn group on Miller River and the Apex mine on Money Creek, being on the oppo- •ite Bide of the same mountain ridge and are only a mile distant from Miller & Sharp's Mastodon mine. The Arizona ledge Is forty feet wide between walls of granite and the ore Is sulphides carrying gold, silver and copper. The Washington adjoins the Arizona and has a ledge fifty fe*t wide, carrying ore fer twenty feet of its width. Timber is abundant, a fine millslte can be had on the shore of three small lakes through which a stream flows, furnishing abundant water power. A limited amount of treasury stock is -".rfered iut iBent year.". A limited amount of treasury atock for sale. Write for prosjiwctus and |»rloo of stock. MINING TN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. CelvHIe Reservation! THE RUSH this spring will be to the ColvlUe reservation. Shares In good mlnea already develoiu'il are Bure to advance as the Mineral Hflt from Trail Creek, B. C, extends Into the Pierre lake district, and for richer properties have been found in this district than have yet been deiveloped near Rossland. Investors will make money by purchasing Treasury Stock of the BQld EQQie Gold MinlOQ GO. And syndiGQie Gold Minino Co. At 10 cents per share. Stock fully paid and non-assessable. Price will be advanced by companies as work progresses. Over 87 feet of tunnel aWa shaft work already done, and caotract for 100 feet more of tun- nel about to be let. '^or shares and particulars write to the company, room B., Haller block, or Wm. D. Perkins & Co., m New York block, Seattle. I stocks And Mining Investments. Cjfil'.. 2, Windsor No. 2, and Bryan ralnei) near Loomls, Wadi. Trus.'es: President, M. O. liarney; vice president, John Schram; secrcfuiv A. P. Mitten; treasurer, A. M. Brookes; B. W. P -mber; A. W. Er. 'e. Mark Bailey. Jr. KCLIPSB MINING Co.— Capital stock, $1,000,000; treasury stock, $400,000; prop- erty, comurlsInK iwor'y-sovcn claims In flilvorton district. Officers: Prest* dent, E. C. Fergason; spTPtary, D. S. SwerdHger. ELLIOTT CREEK GOLD MINING CO.— Capital stock, $1,200,000; treasury stock, $300,000; ofiice. 52 Safe Deposi. i>'i||dlnp, Seattle. Offieerar. Prosld°nt. H. W. Coffin; .secretary and treaeurer, I!. C Paige. EMPIRE MINING CO.— Capital atock, $1,000,000; office. 501-502 Washington block, Seattle, Wash.; property, near Camp McKlnney, Oaoyoos division, British Clolumbla. Officers: President. G. E. Hallock; secretary, W. H, Clark; treasurer, A. E. Nel.son. BUREKA MINING CO.-Capltal stock, $100,000; office, Anacortes, Wash.; property. Eureka Rroup, Shi to Creek dlptrlct. Officers: President, Mel- ville Curtis; aecretary, E. S. Dodge. EUREKA MINING & MILLING CO.-Capltal stock, $1,000,000; treasury stock, $448."C0; office, Everett. Wash.; property, Eureka and Eureka Extension No. 1, Sllverton district; president, P. K. Lewie; secretary, Alex. Keay; treasurer, Charles Anderson. 46 CONSOLIDATED MINING CO.— Capital stock. $2,000,000 In $10 shares, fully paid and non-assessable; treasury stock, $750,000; office, Everett. Wash:; property, 45 group. Sultan basin. Officers: President, W. C. Cox- vice president, L. A. Dyer; secretary, Louis Henry Legg; treasurer, Schuyler Duryee; general manager, W. P. Brown. GOLD BELT MINING CO.— Capital stock, $1,000,000; treasury stock, $300,000; office, 33-34-35 Union block, Seattle; property. Sunset, Keremeos district, British Columbia. Officers: President. G. W. Yancy; secretary, A. B. Ball; treasurer. A. D. Eshelman; attorney, John P. Miller. GOLD HILL MINING & MILLING CO.-Capltal stock, $1,500,000; treasury stock, $600,000; office. Buckley. Waah. ; property. King, Cascade, Axe and G. A. R., Summit district. Officers: President. Bdw. C. Keith; secretary, Seymour H. Bell; treasurer, Gwin Hicks; vice president. J. B. Current. GOLD MOUNTAIN MINING CO.-Capltal stock, $1,000,000; treasury stock, $200,000; office, 601-2 Pioneer building. Seattle; property. Gold Mountain group. Money Creek district. Officers: President, William Frankfurt; vice president, G. J. Borgford; secretary and treasurer, G. W. Devecmon; superintendent. J. T. Pomercy. GOLD T'TNNEL MINING CO.— Capital stock. $1,000,000; treasury stock, $300.- 000; ofi e, Seattle Ice Co., Seattle; property. Money creok. Officers: Presl- > dent, Geo. W. Devecmon; secretary, G. C. Mitchell; treasurer, R. C. Connor. GREAT WESTERN MINING & REDUCTION CO.— Capital stock. $1,000,000; treasury stock, $ir'.>.000; office, Ballara, Wash.; property, StiUaguamiBh. Portuna. Sixteen to One, Mountain View and Ballard. Officers: Presi- dent, H. B. Pederson; secretary, William M. Curtlss; treasurer, Iiewls Anderson. HIDDEN TREASURE GOLD MINING & MILLING CO.— Capital stock. $1,000,000; treasury stock, $300,000, non-assdssable; office, 114 vesler way, Seattle; property, Hidd n Treasure mine. Squaw Creek district. Washing- top. Officers: Prealdunt, James West; secretary, Joseph W. Gregory; treasurer, H. R. Baylls. HIGHLANDER QOLD & SILVER MINING CO.-Capltal stock, $1,000,000; treasury stock, $300,000; office. 412 Balloy block, Seattle; property. High- lander group. Miller river. Officers: President. D. B. Durie; secretary, George Low; treasurer, W. W. Easter. IDAHO & WOLVERINE MINING CO.— Capital stock, $1,000,000: treasury stO' k. $250,000; office. RIalto building; property. Idaho and wolverin*. Chuian district. Officers: President, George F. Raymond; secretary, T. Bowes. IRON IfOTTNTATN CONSOLIDATED GOLD A COPPER MININW •©.- ^m^ P^Wff vlil MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORtHWBflt. AlMt Omliaii Boy Gold Mhiln^ C«iii|Mny, Limltod. Big Bend, goiihhdiq Rivef. 65 Mites From ReireisK Briiisii coiuoii)! DAVID F. DOUGIAS, Broker, Established 1887. Mines and Mining Stocks. Real Estate and Insurance. MONEY TO LOAN. Offices— Masottlc Block, Cor. Camble and Cordova Sts., "^ VANCOUVER, B. C. Mines, Mining Stocks and Real Estattt. Write for Weekly Stock List. Now is "the time" for solid, safe investmenta in VANOOUVBR, BRIT- ISH COLUMBIA, THE 10-YEAR-O DD WONDER OP THE PACIFIC COAST. Quotations on all mining stock 3, A, B. C. and Ciough Code. DAVID F. DOUOrLAS. Masonic Block, Corner Camble St«., Vancouver, B. C. DIER, DAVIDSOIN & RUSSELL Mining Brokers, Head Office, Victoria, B. C. Branch Office, Hamilton, Ontario. Mines at Falrvlew, B. C, For Sale. To^n lots In Falrvlew. B. C, now on the market. If you want to m&k. money quickly Invest In Mines or Town lots at Falrvlew, the coming ^amp m British Columbia. " *^ ^ Ctftit Address "ftUONiiJU" Im^ a Nny*, dl^ lll>IlNO IK tHB PACIFIC NORtHWHUW, mZ Capital stock, 11,000,000; treasury atock, $260,000; office, 62 Hlnoklejr bloek. Seattle, Wash. ; property, Nest Egg:, Iron Cap, Duke, River Side, Ray-Bell»- Clyde and War Eagle, Howard Creek and Index district. Offlcera: Presi- dent, W. H, Moore; secretary, L. M. Presnall; treasurer, J. R. Griffith. KASLO MONTEZUMA MINING & MILLING CO.-Capltal stock, $1,250,000; treasury stock, $30O,0CO; office, SeatLle, Washington; branch office, Kaslo, B. C; property, Montezuma, Mexico, Vera Cruz, Buena Vista, Slocan mining district. President, C. L. Webb; secretary and treasurer, Maurice McMlcken; trustees, C. L. Webb, E. C. Hughes, John B. Allen, Maurice McMlcken, L. L. Patrick. LIVINGSTONE-ANDREWS MINING CO.-Capital stock, $1,000,000; treasury stock. $250,000; office, Seattle, Wash.; property. Our Sisters and Pohakaole, SUverton (Stillaguamish) district. Officers: President, C. Livingstone; secretary and treasurer, W. R. Andrews. LOG CABIN GOLD MINING CO.— Capital atock, $1,000,000. $1 shares; office, 601 Pioneer building, Seattle; property. Money Creek district. Officers: Presi- dent and treasurer, Julius Wegert; vice president, Oswald Meyer; secre- tary, D. M. Solllday; trustees, George V. Gau, M, W. Scanlon. Julius Wegert and Oswald Meyer. MARIETTA MINING CO.— Capital stock, $1,000,000; treasury stock, $250,000; office, Everett, Wash.; property. Palmer mountain, Okanogan county. Officers: President, P, A. White; vice president, J. S. Mcllhany; secretary, B. P. Gardiner; treasurer, W. G. Swalwell; general manager, Charles Hove. MAYFLOWER NUMP?3R FOUR GOLD MINING CO.-Capital stock, $1,000,- 000; office, Seattle, Wash.; property. Murphy creek, British Columbia. Offi- cers: President, J. M. E. Atkinson; secretary and treasurer, F. A. Bell. MILLBR RIVER MINING CO.-Capital, $1,000,000; treasury stock, $300,000; office, 628 Pioneer building. Officers: President, George Fowler; secretary and treasurer, C. A. McKenzie. MONTEREY GOLD MINING & MILLING CO.— Capital stock, $1,000,000; office, 602 Pioneer block, Seattle; property, Georgle Smith group, Leavenworth district. Officers: President, Samuel Gibson; vice president. Homer W. Olts; secretary, D. M. Solllday; treasure, George L. Hay. NEW YORK & BALTIMORE MINING CO.— Capital stock. $1,000,000, 200,000 shares: treasury stock, 80,000 shares; office, 515 New York block, Seattle; property, ten claims on Miller river and Money creek. Officers: President, F. D. Van Wagenen; secretary and treasurer, Frank P. Lewis. OLD GLORY MINING CO.— Capital stock, $1,000,000; treasury stock, 333,333 shares; office, Seattle, Wash.; property, Slocan district, British Columbia, 2% miles from Slocan City. Officers: President, J. F. McNaught; secretary, Francis A. Bell. PERRY CREEK MINING CO.— Capital stock, $1,000,000; treasury stock, $250,- 000; office, 119 Washington building, Seattle, Wash.; property, Eurelui, Cosmopolitan, Maybar, Orient, Copper Queen. Copper King, Eventide, Olympian, Ajax, Fanny D., Wooley, Rocky, Skookum, Skookum No. 2 and the J. A. Dorman, Stillaguamish district. Officers: President, Angus W. Young; secretary and treasurer, George T. Relchenbach. PICKWICK MINING & DEVELOPMENT CO.— Capital stock, $10,000; office, Rialto building, Seattle; property, Pickwick group, Leavenworth district. Officers: President, N. B. Nelson; secretary, Thomas Bowes; treasurer, Andrew Chiiberg. PORTLAND & NORTHWESTERN EXri^ORATION & MINING CO.-Capl- tal stock, $250,000; office, 32, 33 and 34 Washington block, Portland, Or.; prop- erty, St. Helen's district. Officers: President, P. Abraham; secretary, Alexander Bv^ruE "^n. QUADRA MINING CO.— Capital stock, $1,000,000; treasury stock. $400,000; office. Safe Deposit building, Seattle, Wash.; property. Lane, .Deadwood No. 1. Deadvt'ood and Western claims. Flat creek, Northport district. Officers: President, W. Strohl'; secretary, J. G. Blake; treasurer, J. G. Cotton. RIVBRiJIDE GOLD MINING CO.-Capital stock, $1,000,000 treasury fatock. $260,000; office, 715 New York block, Seattle, Wash.; property, DayvUle, Riverside, East End claim."*. Squaw Creek mining: district. Officers: President, J. G. Cotton; secretary, Stewart E. smith. ROSSLAND UNITED GOLD MINING CO.-Capltal stock, $1,000,000; treasurer stock, $300,000; office, Seattle. Officers: President. T. J. Humes; secretary, Alpheus Byers; treasurer, R. V. Ankeny. ST. KBVERNB MINING CO.-Capltal stock, $1,000,000; treasury stock, $200,000; office. Spokane Hotel, Spokane, Wash.; property, St. Keverne group, Payne mountain, Slocan district, British Columbia. Officers: President, J. D. Farrell; secretary, Sid. Norman; treasurer, Sid Norman; trustees, W. S. Korman, C. G. Reeder and Ben Norman. SEARCHLIGHT MINING CO.— Capital stock, $1,000,000; treasury stock, $400.- 000; office, 5 Colonial block. Seattle, Wash.; property. Searchlight No. 1. Searchlight No. 2, Elgin and Trilby claims. Flat creek, Northport district. Officers: President, J. Q. Cotton; secretary. George W. Bacon; tjreasurer, r. M. j'ordan. SILVER CREEK GOLD MINING CO.— Capital stocic. $1,000,000, |1 shares; trMMary stock, $300,000; office. Everet^. Wash.; p.'oportir. Silver CrMk dla- S. UUttVa IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWBST. Shortest, Quickest, Cheapest -«OUTE TO- Lake Chelan, Methowp All Okan- ogan and Colvllle Reser- vation Points. Only direct route to Chelan, Ives, The Twlsp, Gold Creek, Sqiiaw Creek, flllver, Slate Creek, Ruby, Conconully, Loomis, Golden, Oro, Cfiunp McKln- ney, Rock Creek, Boundary Creek, and all Colvllle Reservation points. TAKE STEAMER CITY OF ELLENSBURG AT WENATCHEE. For further Information, any agent G. N. Ry., or write Alex Grlsga, MgT.. Wenatchee Wash. The Center of the Stillaguaitiish Mining District. Dlstrlbtttlne Point for the SILVER GULCH, DEER CREEK •ttd MARTIN CREEK MINES. Special inducements to parties seeking business locations I* tlie ORIGINAL TOWNSITE OP SILVERTON. Title perfect— U. S. Patent. SIL. SL 3YI W. R. WHITTON, PARKER McKENZlE, SILVERTON. WASHINQTM tKSSSmS'' itntnta in ths PxctPtc tJoKVHwatn:. tiiot. Snohotnlata county. President. A. J Westland; secretarjr* O. C. Johnson; treasurer, J. N. Scott. SILVBR LAKE MINING & SMELTING CO.-Capltal stock. H.OOO.OOO; treas- ury stock, 230,000 shares; offlce, Seattle, Wash.; property, Monte Cristo and Silver creek. President, Sol G. Simpson ; secretary, Francis A. Bell. SLOGAN-RECIPROCITY MINING CO.— Capital stock, J1,000,000; treasury stock, $200,000; offlce, Spokane Hotel, Spokane, Wash.; property. Reciproc- ity and Lillian on Payne mountain, Sloean district, British Columbia. President, J. D. Farrell; secretary and treasurer, Sid Norman; trustees, J. H. Thompson, W. S. Norman and J. A. Whlttler. STANDARD GOLD MINING & MILLING CO.-Capltal stock, $1,000,000; treas- ury stock, $300,000; no personal stock Issued; offlce, 114 Yesler way, Seattle: property. Standard and Louisa, Methow district. President, Douglas ¥oung; secretary, M. D. Clark; treasurer, C. N. Hutchinson, Gen Mang, James West. SYNDICATE GOLD MINING CO.— Capital stock. $1,000,000; treasury stock, $400,000; offlce, room B, Haller block, Seattle; property, Syndicate group of hve claims, ColvlUe Reservation. President, Harwood Morgan; secretary, W. D. Wood; treasurer, W. D. Perkins. T. & K. MINING CO.— Capitalization, 1,000,000 shares; treasury fund, 250,000 shares; offlce, Everett; property, StlUaguamlsh district, Snohomish county. President, H. L. Keyte; secretary, Jas. A. McLaren; treasurer, J. W. Balhly. THE CLERMONT GOLD MINING & MILLING CO.— Capital stock, $1,000,000; treasury stock, $200,000 offlce, Sea^'le, Washington property, Cle-eium mining district, Kittitas county, \\ ihington. President, O. O. Hamre; secretary, D. M. Solllday; vice presluent and treasurer, C. F. Kams. THE COLVILLE GOLD MINING CO.- Capital s^-vik, $1,000,000; treasury stock, $400,000; offlce, Olympia, Wash. President, T. N. Allen; secretary THE GOLD BAR MINING CO.— Capital stock, $1,000,000; treasury stock, $300.- 000; office, rooms 23 to 26 Haller building, Seattle; property, Gold Bar, Little Diamond, Homeward Bound, Silver Creek district, Snohomish county, Washington. President, Franklin Bedford, Chicago; secretary, J. W. Crawford, Minneapolis; vice president, J. O. Robinson, Seattle; trustees, Judson C. Hubbard, William E. Smith. THE HAMILTON GOLD & COPPPm MINING CO.-Capital stock, 1,000,000 shares, pu"* value $1 per share; treasury stock, 350,000 shares; offlce, 217 Columbia street, Seattle; property, at Hamilton, Skagit county, Washing- ton. President, W. P. Stanley; secretary,. F. H. Browning; trustees, W. P. Stanley, Capt. W. Clark, F. H. Browning, John G. Hunter, C. H. Fuller, B. Marshall, C. J. Hessler. THE IRON HOPE MINING & MILLING CO.— Capital stock, $600,000; treasury stock, $260,000; offlce, Seattle, Wash.; property, the Iron Hope claims. Trail Creek district, British Columbia. President, Charles O. Scott; secretary, W. T. Scott; treasurer, Salmon Luuridson. THE LONDON GALENA MINING & MILLING CO.— Capital stock, 2.000,000 shares, par value $1; treasury stock, 750,000 shares; offlce, 217 Columbia street, Seattle; property, fifteen claims in Cascade district, Skagit county, Washington. President, ^apt. W. Clark; secretary, F. H. Browning; trus- tees, C. D, Chambers, Capt. W. Clark, John Wlllard, C. H, Puller, W. C. Keith, C. ■-". Smith. THE MARTIN CREEK MINING CO.— Ciipital stock, $1,000,000; treasury stock, $334,000; offlce, room 53, Boston block, Seattle; property, seven claims near SUverton, Wash. President, William Frankfurt; secretary and treasurer. H. R. Cllsc. THE MONARCH GOLD & SILVER MINING CO.-Capltal stock, $1,000,000; treasury stock, $."?00,000; offlce, 217 Columbia street; property. Monarch No. 1 and Monarch No. 2, Granite Mounialn mining district, Miller river. Presi- dent, W. M. Wilson: secretary and treasurer, F. H. Browning; trustees, C. B. Hill, B. W. Padley, V. L. Bevington, J. M. Layhue, F. H. Browning. THE PITTSBURG MINING & OPERATIVE CO.— Capital stock, $2^,000- treasury stock, $60; offlce, room 20S Pioneer building, Seattle, Wash.; prop- erty, a placer claim on the Wenatchee river near Peshastln. President, William Keene; secretary, W. W. RadcMffe; treasurer, E. G. Jackson - trustees. William Keene, W. W. RadcUffe, E. J. Jackson and A. Q. Jackson THE ROBINSON MINING CO.— Capital stock. $600,000; treasury stock, $100,000; offloe, Seattle, Wash.; property, three claims on Cedar river, King county, Washington. Presld«>tit, E. B. Robinson; secretary and treasurer. B. L Drew. THE TBNASKET GOLD MINING CO.-Capltal stock, $600,000, non-assessable, $1 per share; treasury stock, $230,000; offlce, room 224 Bailey building, Seat- tle, Wash.; property, Andruss, Okanogan county; Raymond, Sparling, Cur- lew district, Stevens county. President, Alfred Raymond; secretary and treasurer, Lawrence Spear; trustees, Alfred Raymond, I fj PIT CAHS, 'Z.rsl Z^ ORB CRUSHMJRS, ■ fiS ORUSKING ROia.9, ■^ n\ OONCBNTRATORS, ^ 1;l sijAG oarts, v "5 tramway*, a\ RKTORTS. \y Have full line of cold rolled steel shafting, cap and set screws, stud bolts, rough and finished nuts, bolts, journal boxes, set collars, pulleys, re- torts, mortars, etc., Ha%'e 14"xl4"xl4" secondhand air compressor, com- plete with air receiver, complete price ^ Ji^oO.OO Also new 500-pound five- stamp mill In stock $500.00 KINKST STOCK OF PATTKRNS IN THE NORTH'WEST. Superior in Qualit)'. Prompt Shipment. Water Front, Bet. Utiioti and University Sts. Telephone IMk<- «(U. 1>. O. Hox No. 3:U. TIN TOI SE4TTLE, WASHINGTON. Prices lowest coualntent «vlth repiituble prodaetM a»d ou*t*mt rket vala*:>. MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. xill ure Box, Silver Creflek district, Snohomish county, Washington. Presi- dent, H. R. Cllse; secretary and treasurer, E. P. McAuUITe; trustees, H. R. Cllse, E. F. McAuliffe, George F. Ward, E. Petronlo, F. A. Ausman, C. Ludewig, G. J. Borgford, WUiam E. Smith. TIN MINE.— 26 governnent mineral claims, setf Cook Kitchen, this directory. TOBIQUK MINING CO.-Capilal stock, $1,000,000; treasury stock. $200,000; office. Colonial blocK, Seattle, Wash.; property, Monte Crlsto district; sec- retary, F. M. Jordan. TRAIL CREEK MIDT^AND MINING CO.— Capital stock, $1,000,000; treasury stock, $250,000; princi)>al office. Spokane; property, Clara group, Red Top mountain, near Northiiort. I're.'^ident, George F. Orchard. Tacoma; vine president and genera I innnaeer, F. J. Monroe; treasurer and trustee, W. H. Murray, Seattle; seoretarj', I'. A. Morgan, Seattle. TUESDAY GOLD MINING CO.— Capital stock. $1,000,000; treasury stock, $2r>0.- 000; office. Safe Depo.'^it building, Seattle. Wash.; property, Sunday. Tues- day, Wednesday and Thursday claims, i:i Squaw creek, Methow district. President. J. G. Hiake; .secretary, J. G. CoUon; treasurer, J. li. Powles. TUSCAN GOLD MINING CO.— Capital stock. $1,000,000; treasury stock, $300,000; office, Haller block; property in Trail ('reek district, British Columbia. Presidents Frank A. Pontius; secretary, I". J. Hardy. UNA MINING & MILLING CO.-Capltal stock, $1,200,000; treasury .stock, $240,000; office. 619 Pioneer block, Seattle; property, Una group, Bryan group, Santa Fe group, total of 28 claims on Red Mountain In Leavenworth district. President, J. T. Ronald, ex-mayor; vice president, George W. Hall, ex-mayor: secretary. Robert Llveslv. UNION & DOMINION MINING CO.— Capdiiil stock. $500,000; treasury stock. $2iiO,000; offlre, 619 Pioneer block, Seattl.-. Wash.; property. Union and Dominion. Negro creek. President, M. R. Galloway; secretary, J. T. Ronald; treasurer. George W. Hall. VAN AND A COPPER & GOLD CO.— Capital stock. $5,000,000; treasury stock, $3,000,000; office. 108 La Salle street, ChlcaKd, 111., 613 Bailey building, Seattle, and Victoria. B. C. ; jjroperty, Texada I.^land. British Columbia, 774 acres crown granted land. President, Edward Blewett; secretary, R. D. Hall; treasurer, Harry W. Treat; trustees, Edward Blewett, Hon, C. E. Pooley, Henry Saunders, C. S. Neras, H. W. Trent. WHISKEY HILL MINING CO.— Capital stock, $5,000,000; treasury stock, $2,000,000; office. Ellensburg, Wash.; properly, twenty claims and tunnel site on Whisky HIU near the Okanogan river. Wanlcutt Lake district. Presi- dent, Charles H. Flummerfelt; secretary. Martin Cameron; treasurer, H. M. Baldwin; trustees, Charles H. Flummerfelt,, William Lewis and Thomas Cody. « WHITE ROCK GOLD MINING CO.— Capital stock, $2,000,000; treasury stock. 300.000 shares; office, 905 First avenue, Seattle, Wash.; property. The Ever- ett, Crescent and Swan, one-eighth interest In Fortuna, 16 to 1, Ballard and Mountain View. President, A. W. Andorson; vice president, F. Wright; secretary, O. R. Dahl; treasurer, A. Grubb. W ashington . . . . IWlNINC B EaiSIRY. 13 very M^tilttg Company will find It valuable to bo certified to by the registry. SEE PULL PAGE ADVERTISEMENT IN THIS BOOK. ERNEST E. IING. Umi . 310. 311 MINING IN TWK PACIFIC NORTMWBWT. 308-310 First Av. South, Seattle, Wash. Mauufactnrvrs And Dealers Ifl Ninini And Mill Machinery North Mrester« Agents for Ingersoil Sergeant Drill Co., Pelton Water Wheel Co., eOlD KINCi AMALGAMAfOR. Estimates Made on Partial or Complete Plants. CORRESPONDENCE SOLlCniD. Lottg Distance Telephoao Main 89* INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. Page ASSAYERS AND OHEMISTS. Bogardus, C. E., Seattle, Wash.... 20 Burkman, A. H., , Northport, Wash 8> Dewsnap, S. O., Methow, Wash.... 53 Johnson, A. L.., Seattle, Wash 54 Veil, C. H., Seattle, Wash 26 ATTOR.NBTS. Hubbart, Judson C, Seattle, Wash. 6 Robertson, F. C., Spokane 40 acott & Ellsworth, Seattle, Wash.. S2 Wlnstock. Melvln O.. Seattle 38 BANKS. Bank of British North America... 52 CATERERS. Alladlo, P., Spokane, Wash 20 McKee, 'W. E., Seattle 40 CIVIL. AND MINING ENGINEERS. Brown, Webster, Seattle, Wash.... 44 Buck & Bouillon. Rossland, B. C. 36 Croft, Henry, Rossland. B. C Inside front cover Gardner, Albro. Seattle, Wash 44 Wise, J. H., Seattle 4 DETECTIVES. West & SurrA'. Seattle. Wash 26 FURRIERS. Petkovlts, R.. Seattle. Wash 28 GOI..D-BUYERS. Mayer, Joseph & Bros., Seattle. Wash 54 MACHINHRT. Chrome Steel Works, Brooklyn, N. Y 26. Leffel, James & Co., Sprlngifleld, 42 MItfhell. Lewis & Staver Co., Se- attle. Wash 14 Moran Bros. Co.. Seattle. Wash... 6 Pel ton Water Wheel Co., San Francisco 44 SIntz. George, Seattle, Wash 4 Vulcan Iron Works Co., Seattle, Wash ,...12 MINERS' SUPPIilES. Adair, Geo. B. & Son, Seattle, Wash 6 Cooper & Levy. Seattle, Wash 1 Seattle Woolen Mill Co 44 Washlnerton Dental & Photogra- phic Sunnlv Co.. Seattle 30 MINING BRAKERS. Call. F. J.. Everett, Wash.. 6 Clarke. R. R. & Co., Spokane, Wash 40 Dier. Davidson A Russell, Vic- toria, B. C 8 Douglas, David F., Vancouver, B. C « Dougla.s. C. S.. Vancouver, B. C... 28 Rnsel. Edward L. Spattle, Waah.. 4 T^^verett Mining Exchango 6 Hflvden, Wiley & Co., Seattle, Wash 48 Tnnes. F. C. Vancouver, B. C 1 .Tohnson, D. C, Everett. Wash 6 Jones. Allayne A,, Vancouver, ■pQ _ _ gg Mc^onlhe. l! ' F. . Roslyn! Wa ah . . . 3? Norman, S. & Co., Spokane, i Wash Baok of title pace mice Pnpet Mining & Brokerage Co., Seattle, Wash 82 Rand Bros., Vancouver, B. C 16 Rand & Wallbrldge, Sandon, B. C. 16 RecUlln-Jaokson Company, Limit- ed, Rossland, B. C 24 Scott, George D.. • Victoria and Vancouver, B. C 6 Sidney, M., Tacoma, Wash 6 Sparkman, J. M.. Seattle, Wash... 82 Taggart, F. S.. Vancouver, B. C... 4 Thompson, W. T.. Midway, B. C. 26 Walling & Tozier, Seattle, Wash.. 4 Walters Co., Ltd. Ly., Rossland, B. C 19 MLNfTNG COMPANIES. Arizona Gold Mining Co., Seattle. 2 Bald Fagle Gold Mining Co., Seat- tle, Wash 4 Canadian Gold Fields Siyiidicate, Ltd., Rossland. B, C 18 Cascade Development Co., Ever- ett, Wa.'ih 40 Co-operative Mining Syndicate, Seattle, Wash 17-and 18 45 Consolidated Mining Co., Ever- ett, W^ash M Gold' Mountain Mining Co., Seat- tle. Wash S M.Trletta Mining Co., Everett, Wash 40 Syndicate Gold Mining Co., Seat- tle, Wash 4 Van Anda Copper & Gold Co., Chicago. Seattle and Victoria 40 Wa.shinpton Mining Registry. Se- attle. Wash IS and 4C NEWSPAPERS AND MINING PUBLICATIONS. Engineering & Mining Journal, New* York M Fllley & Ogden's Mining Laws, Grand Forks, B. C BO Mining, Spokane, Wash 48 M'ninp & Scientific Press, San Francisco 80 Post-IntelHgencer, Seattle. Wash. TnsldQ back cover Seattle Mining Herald, Seattle, ■ Wash 42 Shaw- CLALUM Jr n Mou it Verno(i> Cf 4L?i«K.^ rllngton •^ -^Vb^' '*■.•' tteOril&t^ -fN T-^mr ozmrrmt ,^^, "~ ogan and Other Stocks. 4^ Mining and Stock Brokeis. I f. SLOCAN-RECIPROCiTY IIIININ6 CO.. Slocan. ? ST. MEVERNE NININ6 CO.. Slocan, ARUN6110N NmiN6 CO., Stocao. SXCliUSIVE AOKNT8. 4 ^:p'Sf*^2jf,^:!lf*^^ PREFACE. The enterprise of the Seattle Post-Intellljfencer in sending the writer on a tour of the mining districts of the Paciflc Northwest called forth such general commendation and the articles published in the course of that tour aroused such wide interest as to suggest the advisability of republishing them in book form, Such a publication was recpmmended by many readers of the Post- Intelligencer, who desirad to have them In convenient form for reference. The canvass for subscriptions abundantly proved that a demand for such a work existed and the present volume is the result. The purpose has been to give in a succinct form and with moderation of statement a description of each mining district in "Washington and in South- ern British Columt'a, following a general description of each district with a description of each mine and the more important prospects in that district. The original plan was to revise the articles and add to them articles on the more J'.iportant districts which were not on the writer's itinerary, with a map to illustrate each district. It has been found necessary to enlarge the scope of the work to such an extent that the original matter has been almost entirely rewritten and much more has been added than was at flrst contem- plated. This has required a much longer time than was estimated, but the public would rather endure such delay than be presented with a hastily pre- pared and glaringly incomplete work. Kven now It has been found impossible to do full justice to some districts, without further unduly delaying pub- lication. It can safely be said that this is the first attempt to describe with any ap- proach to thoro'ighnass the mineral resources of this section and to tell vn at has been done to develop them. The aim has been to collate information on the subject from the most reliable sources available and to mass the mateilal facts without p.ny exaggeration or verbal flourishes, leaving them generally to tell their own story. How far this aim has been attained, it is for the reader to Judge. The articles on the Trail Creek, Slocan, Nelson and Ains- worth Distrfcts are mainly coni?ensed from the recent reports of W. A. Carlyle, Provincial Mineralogist of British Columbia. An Important ieature of the work is the maps. By studying the large map in connection with the small district maps, It will be possible to ascertain the rout© lr.to any district and the location of a mining property In that district. The maps do not profess to show aJ'. the claims or to be free from inaccuracies. It would have been impossible to make them so without a survey and a larger expenditure than was warranted. But it can be said without fear of contradiction that this volume contams a more complete set of detailed maps than has yet been published and that the large map contains a mass of valuable information which has naver yet reached the public. Some desire has been exprtjsscd that this volume should include the descriptions of the country traversed by the writer in the course of his tour, which formed a part of the articles in < he Post-lntelllgencer. This was con- sidered beyond the scope of a work designed to deal with mining exclusively and would have unduly increased the bulk of the oook. All such matter has therefore been osiltted and these pages have been devoted only to the purpose Indicated by the title. For valuable a!d In preparing both the reading matter and the maps, the publishers are Indebted to the officers of the s'ate of Washington and the Provlnoe of British Columbia, to lh«i United States Surveyor Oeneral, and to many private indtvlduats. Tht.no latter are so numerous ajid have all taken •o d«dp an (ntenat in the undertaking, that It would b« tmpraotloable t* nam* 4 MINING IN THB PACIFIC NORTHWEST. them all and to single out a few would be Invidious. The publishers therefore take this means of thanking them, one and all. We believe that this work will be instrumental in giving the people of the Pacific Northwest a fuller knowledge of the mineral wealth with which nature has blessed them; and will spread such knowledge lar and wide. We hope that It will also aid in some degree In promoting the development of that wealtli. THE BDITOR. JAAIES D. HOGE. JR., L. K. HODGES, Publishers and Proprietors. ♦♦♦#♦•♦#♦■♦•♦•♦•♦»» »ra therefore ^ le people of with which wide. We ment of that EBDITOR. INTRODUCTORY. ''^'ij?. ■ ^^^'' A map of the western portion of tWe United States, deslgrned to show the mineral belt, would twenty years ago have shown "Washington and the adjoin- ing section of British Columbia as a blank. There might have been a few spots, such as the Swauk. Ruby and Sultan placers and the Peshastln mines In Washington, the Cariboo, Rock Creek and Wild Horse placers In British Columbia, but otherwise this whole broad stretch of country would have been regarded as barren, so far as mineral was concerned. During those twenty years the people of the Pacific Northwest have been occupied In filling in that blank. They have not worked continuously, for many circumstances have until late years diverted their attention, but for eight years past they have gradually centered their energies more and more on mining, until now It is their one absorbing interest, to which every other takes a subordinate place. They have proved what has been repeatedly dented, that the mineral belt extends through the whole breadth of Washington and British Columbia, and discovery has been continually pushed northward through Alaska to the confines of the frozen ocean. It is now an established fact, which the most pessimistic skeptic cannot gainsay, that the backbone of the American con- tinent, from the Arctic Ocean to Tlerra del Fuego, with all its ribs and spurs, has miner^ for its marrow. This mineral is of every kind, precious a/id base, and In every combination, and it only awaits the application of mans genius and industry to be turned to his uses. A geological survey of this reglsn as a whole has never been made, at least so far as Washington is concerned, British Columbia being far in advance in this particular. Thus, what is known on the subject In Washington has been learned by a number of individuals, each of whom has studied a particular Bcction as opportuaity offered. These sources of information have established that the Cascade Range Is mainly built of granite, syenite, diorlte and kindred rocks. Among them occur broad belts of gneiss, schist, elate, shale and sandstone and dikes of porphyry and limestone. The same formation extends eastward through the Gold Range and to the western foothills of the Rocky Mountains in the eastern part of Washington and the Selkirk Range in the Kootenai District of British Columbia. The mineral ledges occur, In most Instances, In fissures in the granite, syenite, diorlte and slate, often cutting through several of these locks, but are also in cont-ct tatween two of them, or between one of the granitic rocks and a dike of porphyry or limestone. Towards the eanl. in the Gold Range, there are numerous areas in which the eruptive rocks have burst through the older formation and in the latter have caused fissures, which have either been filled in with mineral-bearing rock or have been Impregnated with mineral along the walls of the cavities thus created. The presence of one of these ledges Is generally indicated by a heavy capping of oxidized iron, or magnetic iron, cften of great width and thickness. , The ores of this section are almost universally base and of low grade. The exceptions are the silver-lead belt exten^ng from the Slocan District through a strip of Washington eaot of the Columbia River as far south aa the Spokane River, known as the Colvllle and Cedar Canyon -Distrlots; some ledges on Palmer Mountain which carry high-grade silver ore; the Slate Crcok District, where high-grade free milling gold ore has been followed to some depth. Recent development, however, has shown high-grade silver ores in the ailvi;rton, Sultan, Troubleaome, Miller River and Gold Creek Districts, the values h«ro being In ruby silver, high grade gray copper and brittle ■llvar. and the CatcadM promise yet to giv« birth to ■•▼Aral hlgh-grada oampa. Th*r« ar« other i»ol«t«4 ln»tan«Mt wh«r* tb» otm art rl«h «Dettffb to b* BSff i% MININa IN THB PACIFIC NORTHWEST. classed as high-grade, and the cutting of ore chutes at depth In some oasM has been followed by such satisfactory Increase In value aa to Justify the hope that, as development proceeds deeper, hdgher grade ores will be found. The minerals are In every combination, the most common being iron and copper pyrites, arseno-pyrlte, chalcopyrlte, pyrrhotlte, galena, tetrahedrite or gray copper, zinc blende. The pyrltlc ores carry gold In some proportion almost (ny'arlably, with a few ounces of silver, and often carry so much copper I t^ rnake that metal the principal element of value. The galena is usually r. j. .ver where the ledges are small, the silver value decreasing in inverse cv j the increased size of the ledge, and the lead value ranges as high as 76 , .r cent., while such ore also carries a few dollars per ton In gold. Gray copper is a high-grade silver ore, and when associated with Iron carries a good gold value, and shows pockets of ruby silver and brittle silver of high value. Silver also occurs in association with copper in some districts, notably about Nelson, British Columbia, and in the form of chlorides, bro- mides and carbonates. It is also found in equal value with gold In dry ores, southward from the Slocan galena belt. Free gold is often found on the surface, where the ore has been ^abject to the decomposing influence of the air, and continues in decreasing ratio as the ore bodies are *'>Uowed down, but with increasing depth the gold is found more and more in iron and copper sulphides. The minerals named are found in every possible combination, sometimes one, at other times another predominating. It is probable, however, that the developments of the next few years will give copper as high a place among the mineral productions of Washington and British Columbia as it occupies in Montana and Michigan. A study of the large map, in connection with the chapters on the several districts, will show the reader that a great belt of gold-bearing copper oi'es has been traced from a point on the coast 200 miles northwest of Vancouver, British Columbia, across the Skagit Valley between Hamilton and Marble Mount, across the Stillaguamish east and west of Sllverton, through the Sultan Basin and Silver Creek, through the Index Range of mountains, through the Miller River and Money Creek Districts, across the Snoqualmie and Cedar River watersheds. Ores of like nature have also been found further south! along the western slope, as far as the St. Helens District. On the eastern slope like bodies of gold-bearing copper ore have been found in Palmer Mountain, the Methow, Chelan and Cle-Elum Districts. Further east. In the Gold Range, they occur of immense size in the Boundary and Trail Creek Districts of British Columbia and in the Colville Reservation, particularly along the Kettle River and Us tributaries. The ores of this belt are copper sulphides In various forms, in which the copper contents rarely fall below 5 per cent, and are commonly over 20 per cent., frequently rising beyond 30 per cent. Bornlte is often found In bunches, carrying 40 and 50 per cent, copper, and masses of native copper weighing as much as 1,000 pounds have at times been encountered. These copper ores invariably carry a good gold value and often a few ounces of silver. The ledges In this region have a gangue of quartz, porphyry, porphyritio quartz, hotnblende or modifications of these several rocks, and in the Cascade Mountains are exposed to ouch a width as to excite even the most phlegmatic miners to wonder. Here the exposures occur along steep mountain-sides, which have been plowed dovsti by the glaciers, or along gulches, of which the beds are the ledges and the walls are the walls of those ledges. Nature has done the surface prospecting in these cases. Further east. In the foothills and in the Gold Range, where the foimation Is covered with wash, the exposures are not as continuous but are often extremely large, and develop- ment has been rewarded by the opening of some ore bodies so large as to tax the credulity of one most willing to believe. Mining in Washington dates back to the, returning tide of miners from the Cariboo District of British Columbia in , the early W's. They wqlrked placers on Rock Creek, north of the boundary, kiid, traveling southward. IMNINO IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWMIT. TvashAd gold frofai the grarel bam of th« PMhaatln and Swaulc CfmIm tn Bastttrn Waahlngion, Ruby Creek and the Sultan River wen of the Camsadei. The flrHt quartz ledge to be dlacovered, so ftir a:s records go, was the Culver, on the Peshastln, where the town of Blewett now irtands. This mine, after many vicissitudes, is still being worked and its product Is reduced at a twenty- stamp mill. Then mining languished until the early 80's, when the first dis- coveries of silver ore were made In the Colvllle district and a few prosi>ectorB strayed up the Cle-Elum. The only notable discoveries ' lii the Interim were near the sources of the Snoqualmie, where immense cropplngs of iron ore beivime known as the Denny and Quye iron mines. The Denny mines have airt ady proved to be copper, and development may yet have the same result on the Guye mines. It was not until the opening of Chief Moses' Reservation In 1887 that the mining business fairly began In Washington, and in the same year the flrst discoveries were made in the Boundary and Trail Creek Districts of British Columbia. Development began on the loW-grade silver ores of Salmon River and on the gold and silver ores of Palmer Mountain. About the same time prospectors Invaded the Cascade Range on all sides and during several suc- ceeding years discoveries were made on the Cascade, Methow, at Monte Crlsto, on Silver Creek, Miller River, Money Cfeek, the Snoqualmie, Summit and other districts. A decided interest in mining had been ' awakened and it appeared as though the Industry had already come to stay. But the first flock of investors was doomed to failure, mainly through their own fault. They were without experience in mining, for Washington had been mainly populated by farmers, merchants, manufacturers and pro- fessional men from the Eastern and Middle Western States, while British Columbia had absorbed a similar population from the British Isles and Bastem Canada. The working people were generally drawn from the same sources. This was not a mining population, for it knew nothing of mining, having always turned its mind Into other channels. There was a sprinkling of old miners and prospectors from California, Colorado and other mining states, but the formation was new to them. A few of them flung aside precedent and boldly proclaimed the mineral wealth of the 'state and the adjoining British territory. But the experts, with their heiads filled with California and Colorado precedents, scoffed at them, saying that the ore was too base and low grade to pay for treatment and that the formation was so broken that it would be impossible to follow any ore body from the cropplngs to any considerable depth. The moneyed men In the cities were absorbed In real estate speculation and readily voiced the unfavorable opinions of the experts, being anxious that outside Investments should gO Into their own schemes and not be diverted into any alluring mining ventures. Thus the first men to make known the mineral wealth of the Pacific Northwest "caught on" In only a limited degree. They Induced some Invest- ments among men of means and caused quite a flurry In the Salmon River, Palmer Mountain, Cascade and Silver Creek Districts. But a combination of circumstances forbade success at that time. The surface free gold In the ledges on Palmer Mountain led to the belief that free gold would continue indefinitely, and stamp mills were built without concentrators and managed by unskilled mlllmen. Wild speculation was practiced In some Instances and there were not lacking evidences of fraud in others. The result was failure. As ore changed from free milling to base, a larger percentage of the value was lost in the tailings. Victims of fraud loudly dennune«d the mlnee as worthless and others took up the cry and repeated It far and wide. Tae fall In the pi-ice of stiver caused a suspension of work In the low-grade sliver mines of Salmon River, which had already suffered In the eyes of Investors from two abortive attempts at reduction of the ore. Only a few persons held their faith In the Pacific Northwest as a mining region and moot of them were bankrupted by the panic or the collapse df their m}nlng yenttires; Only In a lew plaoesvwas development continued, not;9,bly.among^whleh Is. Mont« Crlsto. For a few years mining languished with every other Industry. - MINING IN THB PACIFIC NORTirVfTOPT. Three districts Were notable exceptions. One of these was Slooan, In British Columbia, where the ores, although almost purely silver-lead, wew so high in grade that they could be profitably m'.ned under the most adverse condition of the metal market. Another was Monte Crlsto. whither the railroad was completed in 1893, the year of the panic, and where development was prosecuted and machinery installed at great expense as though there had Uhmi no panic. The third was Trail Creek, where the famous Le Rol and War Eagle mines became regular shippers in 1895 and declared their first dividend in that year. The revival of mining was due mainly to the favorable results attained In Slocan and Trail Creek, which drew attention to a new field of employment for industry and capital. Another cause which contributed largely to this revival was the general stagnation In other lines of business, which had driven thousands out of business or employment and left them stranded in the cities. By a common impulse many of them took to the mountains and became pros- pectors. They returned to their former homes with good reports of what they Imd found and obtained means to continue work. Thus a movement was started which caused the renewed operation of properties long neglected, the development of new ones and the extension of discoveries. The opening of dividend-paying mines in the Trail Creek and Slocan Districts and the con- tinued improvement shown by development at Monte Crlsto drew the attention of the investing public in this direction. Large Investments were made in British Columbia by capitalists from JBngland and.Bastern Canada and the stream of i'vestment is now turning to Washington. • The Pacific Northwest can offer what mining investors are particularly '' seeking at present— immense bodies of low-grade ore. Forty or fifty feet is an ordinary width for one of these ledges and some of them are as wide as 200 feet. In the Cascade Range the advantage is offered of ledges exposed so clearly on the sides of steep and lofty mountains that; they can be opened at great depth by tunnels running into the mountain-side. This not only .saves the additional cost of sinking, but of hoisting machinery and pumps, for it affords natural drainage. Throughout the whole mineral belt in ques- tion, not only in the Cascades, but In the Gold Range, innumerable rapid streams furnish abundant cheap power to operate mining machinery and reduction plants. The presence of such water-power could have been men- tioned truthfully as regards nearly every mining property described In this volume, but it would have been a wearisome repetition. This general state- ment suffices to cover the whole field, and some conception can be formed of the greatness of the advantage by comparison with the low-grade districts of West Australia and South Africa, where no water-power exists. So also as regards timber. The valleys and foothills west of the Cascade summit are abundantly clothed with fir, cedar, spruce and hemlock. In higher altitudes, where mines are often opened, there is a smaller growth of larch and Alaska cedar, too small for merchantable timber, bpt large enough for mine timbers and buildings. On the eastern slope the same kinds of timber, of great size, are to be found for some distance from the summit. When the eastern foothills are reached the high ridgeg p,nd plateaus and the upper benches are densely clothed with pine timber, often of good size. The same conditions extend through the Gold Range in both Washington and British Columbia, except that in many of the valleys and panypns there occurs a large growth of cedar, hemlock and other timber, together with the pine. The mining claim is a rare exception where timber for all purposes cannot be found upon its surface or Immediately adjacent. The climate of the Pacific Northwest is peculiarly agreeable for travel and outdoor work In summer. West of the Cascade summit spring sets in early In middle of June. The summer in that section is not extremely hot and the nights are alwaysicool. No rain fails from June until late In September and the equinoctial storms of that period are usually followed by several WMlu of clear, warm, autumn weather. In the mountaia^ little snow falls uniu immfWf'sniimimiMim'y- 1. ■J ■ >huMi .ohn'i »itt'iV AS .0 9ttttti»f, i)U •"■iiii-.'f I'jijSji.O .(MHiM .'J J. :■■ m his .!;■ J!7 .w«)a0.' .;tiJiii>| at.! ..■»i' ipti -i/ik* .n .M, .*. A .1 h J.I . j:..m ! iTSliliTrti • 1./; ;8T .US .8ft .41; .mi .am wdA .t- •I'sSlHi'-f .*,' •Ul ,!:1 .SI ■ liMhif-..;! .iJiisan-i't .ti: .•'hk-i'i .i"S-. .'.lif'miiK -•»:; .fiotrt'iffl.'i iV: ■ ■;, .Oi; '. ,iK itiliiiiMij .si: -. ..-;.' » ,0 :■:■■ V .-.7 ■■f-,>,i«y jX ;;j ; -".I- ^- i I .. .1 J-'hJ' »fp^i6 «f ■;«i. IC P*. ..,iyffl?t«««w««.* MONTE CRISTO and aOAT LAKE, SNOHOMISH COUNTY. WASHINGTON. OOAU W M^LBIn^ J» aOMTK CB 1. Bed Gulcit 8. Mosgnito 8. Ooid Dust. 4. King. 6. Balsam. 6. Hawtborn 7. Black R«fl & Moontain 9. Fisher. 11. BannodL 12. Pavonia. 13. TwUigfat 14. Califomia 15. Orient, l^ Occident 17. Loeknood 1& Pennsylvi 19. Aurora. 20. Wyoming 2t Jonea. 22. Felton. 23u Seattle. 24. Franklin. 26. Prairie. 26.Snnrise. 27. WastainffI 28. Emerson. 29. Sylvan. 30. Junction. 31. Seattle. 32. Condor. 33. 0. B. Mill 34. Marble. 35. Two B 8. 36. Jnanita.1 37. Keystone 38. IvastChai 39. Irene. 40. Silver Bel 41. Red Bint 42. Cascade* 43. Chinook. 44. Leroy, 45. Golden Ei 46« Walsh. 47. Lieatenai 48. Captaia 49. Idalio. •a Magglt i^ ft PACIFIC HORTHWEBT. ■^.je^^izsz /i nMTlw»*»pWWii' '^."v^r//" :::^>^ •..■1'-' iiMi gl MINTNO IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. April, rainstorms grow less trequent until they cease altogether about the December, but from that time forward the snowfall la heavy. The snow ha** usually dlsaprM^ared from the mountains by the middle of May, except at great altitudes and In deep gulches where It has piled up In slides. East of the Cascades the nlr Is dry and exhilarating the year around and, though the heat is sometimes Intense In summer. It does not produce that feeling of chronic lassitude experienced In the moist atmosphere of the Eastern States. The nights, too. are alwrys cool, permitting of sound sleep, which prepares one to endure severe exertion In extreme heat. Spring sets In during April, the bunchgrnss springs up as fast as the snow goes, and this rich food for horses, everywhere found In the open country, makes It a prospector's paradise. There are no thunderstorms or tornadoes west of the Rocky Mountains, so that a man need burrow into the ground only In search of wealth. There are no venomous snakes west of the Cascades, but rattlesnakes abound in some places east of that range. On the other hand, small game and fish can be found almost anywhere and large game Is to be had for the hunting. While many districts are remote from railroads, preparations are on foot for extensions v/hlch will largely remedy this defect. The Columbia and Okanogan Valleys form a natural route for the Great Northern to tap the whole of Okanogan County with a branch from Wenatchee. unless the Central Washington should first occupy the field wl^h an extension from Coulee City by way of WatervlUe and Orondo, as It now contemplates. The Seattle & International Is well situated to occupy the Snoqualmle and Cedar River Districts with branches whenever developments hold out prospect of remu- nerative traffic, and it can also tap the White Horse District by a branch along the north fork of the Stlllaguamlsh. The Seattle & Northern already has the traffic of the Skagit copper belt secured and can be extended up the Skagit and Cascade Rivers at moderate cost. The Great worthern can draw the traffic of the Sliver Creek and Index Districts by building a branch up the Skykomlsh north fork. The fast developing wealth of the Colvllle Reservation has already Induced the Spokane Falls & Northern to survey a line up the Kettle River, which may be partly In United States and partly In British territory. The advantage of having Its main line run through the heart of the rich Kootenai District, added to the manifold advantages of having a more direct southern route through the Rocky Mountains and of developing the rich coal fields on that route, has Induced the .Canadian Pacific to prepare for the construction of a line through the Crow's Nest Pass this season. A line Is now under construction from Slocan City, at the foot of Slocan Lake, to Slocan Crossing on the Kootenai River, where It will connect with the Columbia & Kootenai branch of the Canadian Pacific. This will form a link In the connection between the old and new rr ,. Ine. F. August Heinze Is now extending the Columbia & Western up V '• umbla River from Trail to Robson and has raised funds for a further extension through the Boundary Creek District to Pentlcton, connecting with the Canadian Pacific steamer on Okanogan Lake. The first requisite for the development of a mining district Is a wagon road. The first prospectors blaze a trail and the next flight of newcomers aids them to cut it out and make It plain and passable. This ds as much as they should be expected to ^o at their own expense. The county should follow up their work by cutting a good horse trail Into any new district which gives promise of development, and when that development has assumed Important dimen- sions find holds forth an early prospect of regular production the trail should be transformed Into a wagon road. In this manner lines of travel and trans- portation would be continually Improved to keep pace with the progress of development. The Province of Brliish Columbia has set a good example In this respect, which Washington Is only now beginning *^o imitate. It has built a main trunk road from Pentlcton through Camp McKlnney, Midway, Greenwood, Anaconda and Carson to Grand Forks, a distance of 110 miles, connecting at the latter point with the Kettle River roads to Marcus and Bossburg. on the Spokane Falls & Northern Railroad. It has also built roads In the Kootenai country wherever they would reaoh a large enough group of claims to warrant the expense. Shorter roads In Boundary Creek have l)een built In several di- rections at the private expense of Robert Wood, owner of the town of Green- wood. The State of Washington has made a beginning In this direction by eonatructing a home trail from the mouth of the Twlap, over the TWl«p and M IflNIKO IN THB PACIFIC NORTHWBBT. CatesA* P«AMa t« the mouth of the Cascade River, thus oonnootinc the oounty road ByvtWBB of lOaetern and Western Washington. It han also conatnieted a road anron the Colvllle Reservation, except for a short aai^, which will be cloned by an appropriation made at the laat aeaeton. Approprlatlona have also been made for a road from Wenatchee up the Columbia River to Ivea and for the wldenlntr of the trail to a wagon road betwean the mouth of the Twlap and North Creek, and between Marble Mount and Qllbert's Camp, near the head of the Cascade River, leaving the remainder of the trail to be widened later. Unlike their earlier, less careful and therefore less successful predecesaors, the present Investors In mines In the Pacific Northweat are fully alive to the necessity of modern economical procesaea of reduction, carefully and skillfully managed, for the extraction of the value from the ores. Stamp mills are now seconded by concentrators and slime tables. The employment of a skilled mlllman Is admitted to be one of the conditions of aucoeaa. The oyanldo process has been applied with o large degree of aucceaa at one mino and a plant erected last scaaon nt anothor, will bo put In operation thla year. Experiments are continually made with new processes of reduction, from among which. It la hoped, one will bo evolved -apable of cheap applica- tion on the mine ground. Meanwhile the bulk o 3 ore produced Koea to the smelters at Everett and Tscoma. Wrsh.; T S^elson and Pilot Bay, K. C. Coke for (lux Is produceci at the Fair' and Wllkeaon mine*. Washington, and ai Nanalmo, B. C. Coal In large quantities is produced at Newcastle, Franklin, Plack L'lamond, Oilman, Ronton and Danville, In King county; Wllkeson, Carbonmlo, Pittsburg, In Pierce county; Roslyn and Cle- Elum, In Kittitas county; Blue Ca lyon. In Whatcom county; and Fairhaven mine, in Skagit county, WasnInGton: at Nanalmo, Wellington and Coraox, P. C. New discoveries have been mado on Day Creek, Skagit county; the Skykomleh River, KJng county; Camas Prairie, Kittitas county; on Chum- atlck ("reek, Okanogan county; also on Rock Creek, Britiah Columbia. It is a trite, but by no means true, saying that mining is a gamble. It la only a gamble when a man unfamiliar with the business buys property he has never seen or of which he does not know the value. It la not a gamble if entered upon on business principles, with a full knowledge of what is belny bought, obtained either by personal inspection or through the report of a reliable mining engineer. _ There is no more reason why a man should buy "a pig In a poke" in the tnlning business than In any other buaineas. If he does so and finds that he has not bought a pljj but some other animal, he must not blame the mining business, but bis own unbusinesslike manner of engaging in it. One result of the great size of the ore bodies In this section of the country has been the necessity of large amoilnts of capital to carry on the prelimin- ary work of prospecting and make such a showing of mineral as will put the claims In a salable condition. The locators of claims rartely havlnflr the necessary capital, this work has been undertaken by development companies, organized for the purpose of thoroughly prospecting claims in exchange for an Interest and of then selling them to others, who will further develop them Into mines. Such companies have filled a decided gap in the miningr com- munity and are operating with marked success In many districts. That mining Is destined to fill a leading place among the induatrlea of Washington and British Columbia must be evident to every observing mind. It has already taken first rank In British Columbia and is fast ateppin^r Into that rank In Washington. It must have a decidedly beneficial effect on the general prosperity of both province and states for it brings with it a number of kindred Industries and furnishes a ready cash market for the products of the farmer, stock-i^aiser and manufacturer of various wares. It tends to diversify Industry and thus to prevent undue reliance of a whole community on any single means of support. It ieynlres a healthy, active, open-air life and makes a sturdy, Independent, self-reliant race of men and women. ttmiM MONTE OBIBTO. The namo of this camp hus lonir been on th« tongue of uvery pfiHon liiten^Ktfd In mining In the Cascade Mountains and every atom of newH rofrardlntf the canip has been eagerly watched for. The renson Is not far to seek. Monte Crlato waa the scene of the first mining operations on a larflre scale by men having ample capital to develop a mine to a paying basis. These tnlnes and the affiliated Investments represented an Investment of about $3,000,000, which John D. Rockefeller and his business asBOclalekt had .staked on their faith In the mining possibilities of the Cascades. They had »Kme so In the face of adverse opinion from many experts as to the character i>f the formation and the permanence of the ote bodies. They had found Kold and silver-bearing minerals of such a refractory nature that they Int'UM-ed heavy penalties at the smelter and one man described a particularly troUWe«ome combination of mli ral as "concentrated essence of the In- ferno." But the Monte Crlsto n Its allied companies persisted In the face of many difficulties and may no\ be said to have solved the problem for the whttle Cascade mineral belt. By tapping at a depth of 700 feet one of the ore chutes t>;alch cropped on the surface, they have proved that the ore bodies are continuous for a great depth and maintain their size and value. They have proved that, In spite of Its refractory character, the ore can be mined, concentrated and smelted at a profit, when handled on a large scale. They have proved these valuable facts as pioneers In a new mining field wKefe new conditions had to be met and new problems solved, and they MaVe-^ertsevePed In spite of many obstacles and much detraction from pessi- mists, until th6y have found the answer, not only for themselves but for all others who enter the same field. They have not published abroad the re- s\)lts attained, for they are In effect close corporations, having no stock to sell and no objects to gain by publicity except to satisfy a natural curloHlty on the part of the ct)mmunlty as to an enterprise the success of which means much for the mining Industry of Washington. Monte Crtsto lies In a basin In which the south fork of the Sauk River ri«"ea. Two glaciers form Its source, one sloping from Cadet Peak and pour- ing Us vlrlpoingB In a cascade down Glacier Gulch to form Glacier Creek, the other Scoring li.c "Ide of tha lofty ridge south of Wllman's Peak and sending SeV^ty-!9lx Creek down u gulf'h to join Glacier Creek In the town of Monte CiMsto. Wllmans Peirtc la a bold, precipitou.s headland Jutting out between •Qlaeler and Seventy-six Quiches, which the ice has carved out to right and left of it. -The united stream flows northwest from beneath these peaks to receive the north fork, which rises on the other side of the ridge, and then iMltfer the Skagit, fifty miles north. The Monte Crlsto mines are one of a number of properties which have been acquired by the Rockefeller Syndicate and are being operated In con- Jtmetlon. At Everett, where the Great Northern main and coast lines unite at the mouth of the Snohomish River on Puget Sound, is the smelter of the Ptlgtt Sotind Reduction Company. From a junction with the Great Northern lat this point the Everett & Monte Crlsto Railroad has been built to Snohom- hsh, a distance of eleven and one-half miles. From Snohomish to Hartford, h'l^ht and two-tenth miles, trains run at present over the Seattle & Interna- JtJonal Road, the Everett & Monte Crlsto running from the latter station to monte Crlsto, fifty-two and two-tenth miles, making a total distance from [BVerett junction of s6venty-one and nine-tenths miles. I The manner of the discovery of the great mineral ledges of Monte Crlsto [was not only dramatic, but was itself an evidence of their great size and [rtchrtesp, Prospectors had for several years explored the Silver Creek dls- rt^fct, -directly over the divide to the south, and had found the mountains ! everywhere stained with great red streaks, where surface Influences had ; njtidlaed the Iron In the surface ore. .Joseph Pearsall pursued his explora- i tlons up the ea.st bank of Silver Creek and climbed along and up the steep [sides of Hubbart's teak until ho could see over the divide to the mountains forming a jagged amphitheatre around the Sauk Basin. He could look [sheer down over 2,000 feet to where the two creeks unite to form the Sauk and where Monte Crlsto now stands. But another spectacle riveted his attention; this was a broad, glistening streak on the side of Wllmans Peak, [overlooking Seventy-six Gulch. He also saw that all the mountains which fshtit In the valley beyond were streaked with broad red bands from summit [to bsiSe. But that g-litterlng streak more fastened his attention and he [Examined It from the distance with a field glass, and convinced himself {'that tt Was ffralena. He was looking for galena, as were all the prospectors if th^ Cascades In those days, and waving his arms in delight, he exclaimed: 'Itris'rich as >Monte Cristo," and named the mountain after that master of fabaiofifi' wealth. This happened on the Fourth of July, 1889, and wbfin he [afterwards climbed lb tne-'spot and made his flrsl location he named It "Independence of 1776," a name which has become abbreviated to Seventy-six MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHr7EST. and ts now applied to this claim, the whole ledge and the gulch whlob ax- poses It and the creek flowing from It. Mr. Pearsall went down to Seattle and returned with J. M. Wllinans, who became Interested with him in a number of oth'r loration.s. The thor- oush exploration of the district and a host of othor loeatlons followed. In the year 1890 the claims on Mystery Hill, Cadet Peak, Glaolor Gulch. Seventy- six Gulch and Wilmaiis Peak, with a number 'extending along the ridges on each .side of the canyon, came into the possession of Hon. H. G. Bond, L. S. J. Hunt, H. C. Henry, Edward Elewett, .J. M., P. W. and S. C. Wihnans. all of Seattle. In 1891 Mr. Henry and J. M. Wllmuiis, in retiirriing from the camp, looked for a railroad route and found that the basin could bf oiUired from the Sound by either the north or Hotith forK of the Stillagnamlsh. Their first choice was the north fork route, but they decided in favor of tin- south fork, although more diflkult and expensive, on account of the many signs r)f mineral in the vicinity of Silverton. They then had a line surveyed proving this route practicable. In the summer of 1891 five companies were organized, owning tho several groups of claims In the basin— the Monte Cristo, Pride of the Mountains, Rainy, \« u- \w fall of that year the controlling Interest In the first three companies named was sold to the Rockefeller Syndicate, which In the fololwlng year bought all Judge Bond's remaining Interest, the Wilmans brothers retaining control of the Wllmana and Golden Cord. Then began development on a large scale, which has been continued without Interruption throughout the period of depression following the boom times during which the discoveries were made. Many exaggerated expecta- tions, formed while the camp was in its embryonic prospect state, have been disappointed, the halo of romance and the visions of great wealth suddenly and easily acquired have vanished Into vapory nothingness under the cold, calculating eye of the business man. What remains Is this: A great series of ledges of refractory ore of low to medium grade, proved to go down to great depth and to carry such value, that. If skilfully and economically mined and concentrated on the ground, they will pay £. > 'd profits after thcs mine is once really a mine— that Is. sufficiently opened to regularly produce ore in large quantities. It has been proved that the Cascades are, generally speaking, not a poor man's mining country, but that a judicious Investment of large amounts of capital will pay good dividends. Of cou'-se, there are instances of mines so favorably located as regards transportation, or havinsr such high grade ore that they can be put on a paying basis by a compara- tively small investment, but they are the exceptlcn, not the rule. The Hockefeller Syndicate built the Everett & Monte Cristo Railroad In 1892 and 1893 from Everett to Snohomish along the Snohomish valley, and from Hartford Junction to Monte Cristo along the south fork of the Stllla- fTuamish. A large part of the line runs through a oanyon which presented great engineering difTicultics in Its construction and has been costly to main- tain, but the Impending development of the Silverton and other adjoining districts will probably make the road a paying investment on Its own basis. The smelter at Everett was erected about the same time and has now become ii paying institution, treating not only the Monte Cristo concentrates but customs ore from all sides and even from distant Australia. The Monte Cristo Mining Company has twenty-eight claims, including mill sites and placers in the canyon, the mineral locations being divided among Glacier, Seventy-six and West Seattle Gulches. In Glacier Gulch the ledpres nm east and west between walls of diorlte: In Seventy-six Gulch their course is northeast and southwest between diorlte and basalt; and In West Seattle Gulch north and south between diorlte walls. The ledge mat- ter Is almost always siliclous porphyry. The principal development has been done on Mystery Hill on a ledge which runs through the ground of both the Monte CIristo and Pride of the Mountains Mining Companies. The croppings of this U-dge are in some r-ia^ "s as wide as forty feet, but this is not mineralized throughout, and the dip averages 70 degrees north. The ore bodies range In width from two to fourteen feet and average about four feet. The Mystery Hill mine of the Monte Cristo Company has three working tunnels 125 feet apart from all of which ore Is being ptoped. The upper one nuts through Mystery Hill for about 1,000 feet and has developed one long ore chute averaging about four feet wide, which carries arsenical iron, Mulphurets of Iron, arseno-sulphurets and zinc blende. The second tunnel is a little over 900 feet long and would. If continued, run fifteen feet beneath Glacier Gulch and Into Cadet Peuk. It cuts the same ore chute as the upper tunnel, 800 feet long and with an Inclination to the east. The longest and deepest tunnel is the third, which runs through Mystery Hill on this ledge for 1,600 feet and cut the same ore chute as the two upper ones. 700 feet belov/ the summit of the hill, thus defining that chute for thlB depth. This tunnel then turns southward and runs for seventy-five feet as a cross-cut until 't Intersects a parallel ledge, which It then follows through the Pride of the Mountains ground for 500 feet. It runs for 280 feet through un ore chute three feet wide, carrying galena and a little chalcopyrlte. In addition to the other minerals already mentioned, th* galena somewhat IncreaBmir the average value. All further developmftnt by the exteotion or this tunnel will be carried on In the f*rlde ground. * MINING IN THBJ PACIFIC NORTHWBST. h whlob 9X- The Pride of the Mountains mine has been developed on the ledge to which the longr tunnel has cross-cut, but at a point beyond that "« which this tunnel has bfeen driven. This is tht- Udge in the croppings oi which Mr. Pearsall saw pahna l.i the distance. It strikes east and west and Is nearly- flat, and two tunnels Lave been driven on it, 180 leet apart along its dip. One Is 600 feet \vnv; and Is 200 feet below the surface, while the other Is a little over 800 feet long and gains a depth of 380 feet. The ore in this ledge Qocars in lenses, which lap each other and are always accompanied by small (juantities of waste on one wall. The Pride of the Mountains Company owns fourtee.i cla'.ms in all, mostly in this group. The Seventy-six Mine; of the Monte Cristo Company is on Seventy-six Gulch and consists of two tunnels. The upper one. 130 feet long, starts 150 feet below the summit of a vertical wall and gains a maximum depth of 200 feet, while the other is 100 feet below and is 800 feet long. Both these tun- nels show a two and one-half foot ledge, with good in-'icatlo.ns of approach- ing the ore-chute cropping above, and prospecting ' i the diamond drill was started in the lower tunnel in the fall of 1896, biit t '.i^v.- prevented any- ' tt ig from being accomplished. The ore is transported from the Mystery Hill and I---^.de of vhe Mountains Mine J by two cable bucket tramways, which run to the saine discharge terminal. One runs from the lower tunnel of the Pride of the Mountains and over Mystery Hill and is about 6,000 feet long, making a descent of about, 1.800 feet.. It has a span of 1,200 feet across Glacier Gulch, with a central drop of 600 feet, and dts capacity is 2.S0 tons in twenty-four hours. The other tram- way is 3,600 feet long and leads from the long tunnel In Mystery Hill, a vertical heifflit of 1,200 feet, to the discharge terminal. The ore la here run throu».rh a coarse crusher, then loaded on cars and hauled by horses over a surface tramway to the concentrator, 1,000 feet distant. The concentrator Is what Is known as a double section mill and has a capacity of 300 tons In twenty-four hours, or ir)0 tons for each side. The ore Is crushed by rollers and concentrated on Hartz Jigs, the fine pulps and slimes passing on to round tables and Frue vanners. The total extraction is about per cent, of the assay value, which is about |8 for the low grade Mystery ore and over $30 for the ore in the Pride ledge. The ratio of concentration is I about four and one-half tons into one. The mill Is run by a 200 horse-power Corliss engine, which also runs a 100 horse-power generator. The latter fur- 'nlshes power to a motor at the Mystery Hill Mine, which compres.ses air for ' three power drills, while electricity is al.so generated in the engine room to [light the town and the mill. The ore concentrates three tons Into one and the mill is producing about l,2uu tons of concentrates a month, with a probable [increase during the year. The Rainy Mining Company has ten claims, three of which are on Cadet I Peak and two on a ledge running up the mountain east of the tramway [terminal. On a level with the latter, a tunnel runs 800 feet into the mountain. L'alnlng a depth of 400 feet, and a shaft Is down ninety feet at the mouth of [this tunnel showing twenty-eight inches of well mineralized ore of the same Icharacter as that in Mystery Hill. About 250 men are employed in Mvstery Hill and Pride of the Mountains iMlnes and In the concentrator. The Wllmans Mining Company ba.j a group of seven claims on a series of |ledges cutting through Wllmans ' jak from Seventy-alx Gulch to Glacier 3asln and carrying galena, sulphl ?s and some chlorides of sliver. A tunnel las been driven through the mouniain several hundred feet below the summit ind another, 100 feel below, is in 125 feet. A cable tramway 10,000 feet long stretches from the mouth of the upper tunnel to a point near the concentrator md a large amount of ore is stored in the bins at this point. The Golden Cord Mining Company has nine claims on the crest of Wilnians ?eak and on the sides overlooking the town and the concentrator. A tunnel ibout 500 feet long has developed an ore body about thirty Inches wide, half 3f which is similar in character and value to the Pride ore, while the re- ladnder Is decomposed and carries a. higher gold value. This ore is worth $36 lo $40 and some of it has been run through the concentrator, but was found to slime so badly that that process Is not adapted to it. A cable tramway about 4,800 feet long stretches from this mine to the terminal near the concentrator. Steps are now being taken towards a resumption of work on the Wllmans md Golden Cord properties, on which nothing has been done since 1885, and the erection of a plant for the chemical extraction of the value is contem- Jlated. The O. & B. group of foar claims is directly across the divide from Silver -.ake, 2,000 feet above the Everett & Monte CrlFto Railroad, and was bonded md Jeased by the Packard Mining Company, Cobb & McCrea, John P. Bake- lan, Oliver McLean and P. M. Headlee to the O. & B. Mining & Milling Company, which afterwards acquii*ed the interests of Messrs. Cobb & McCrea. 'iakeman and Headlee by purchase. The main ledge, on which are three claims, runs up the ridge to Silver Lake, Is about eight feet wide and has from six to twenty-four inches of pay ore. The lowest tunnel, sixty feet. Is " feet below the summit and shows nine inchfjs of $46 ore, the remainder of the ledge oarrylnar $3.TC to $fi. The second tunnel, IM feet above, ie 260 feet 14 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEJflT. loijg and ran through an ore chute eiighteen Inches wide and forty-three feat long, with good concentrating ore the rea. of its length. At 200 feet an upraise was made seventy-flve feet, showing two feet of solid ore. The third tunnel, 110 feet above the second, is 135 feet long and has an average of Ave Inches of solid and four feet of concentrating ore. The fourth claiiii is on a parallel ledge traced for its full length and showing a foot of $70 ore In a short tunnel. A temporary cable tramway has been built to the railroad, 2,000 feet below, and 200 tons of ore have been shipped, ranging in value from $15 to $35 and averaging $20 gross. The company proposes to erect a permanent tramway and a concentrator. On the extension of the O. & B. ledge down the mountain is the P. & I., on which the P. & I. Mining Company is at work. The ledge ranges fr9m two to six feet between granite walls and shows from five to twenty-four inches of pay ore carrying sulphurets and assaying $8.80 to $21 gold and 16 to 38 ounces silver. A tunnel is in 112 feet near the lower end of the claim and will be extended 100 feet this year. A tramway will be built 1,350 feet to the railroad, making a descent of 980 feet vertically. Directlj'- opposite the O. & B. and within 1,500 feet of the concentrator and railroad are the Tol>ique and Lalla Rookh, owned by Jasper Compton and others, on a iissure ledge twelve to fifteen feet between syenite walls. Th« ledge has been defined by two fifteen-foot tunnels, the lower one of which has tapped an ore chute carrying sixteen Inches of solid iron pyrites with some galena, which assays $8 to $30 gold and 6 to 40 ounces silver. Another tunnel has been run forty feet to tap this chute and to be used as a working tunnel and shows chlorides, which are gradually giving place to Iron pyrltea. This tunnel will be continued this year. On the extension of the Foggy ledge across the divide to Monte Crlsto is the Whistler group of four claims, owned by the Packard Mining Com- pany, Bell & Austin and the Lillls estate. The ledge is four to twenty feet wide and has an eighteen-inch pay streak oi sulphurets, gray copper and galena, assaying $25 to $45 gold and silver. Tunnels twenty and thirty feet long and an open cut, at intervals of 100 feet, have made this showing. The Philo group of three claims, 100 feet south of the Whistler group, is owned by George Evans, Charles F. Jackson, H. F. Jackson, the Packard Mining Company, Joseph Barrett and — Trembly. Tunnels twenty an4 forty feet long show fifteen inches of pay ore carrying arsenical Iron and copper sulphides and two feet of concentrating ore. The Keystone group of four claims adjoins the Mystery Mine and la owned by the Packard Mining Company, A. W. Hawks, A. D. Austin and the Lillts estate. A thirty-foot tunnel and a twenty-foot open cut show a pay streak, ten to eighteen Inches, of galena. Iron and copper sulphides, assaying $20 to $$t gold and silver. The ledge crops four to twenty feet wide In the gulch and shows twenty-four Inches of galena in an ore chute 300 feet long. A cross-cpt is In forty feet and will tap this ore chute at a depth of 100 feet In ninety feet more. A parallel ledge shows six to thirty-six Inches of similar ore In a sixty-foot tunnel. In the Seventy-six Basin, adjoining the Golden Cord, are the Argonaut and Typo, on a ledge which crops seventy to seventy-flve feet wide alongr the creek and has arsenical Iron disseminated through Its whole width. This Is believed to be all concentrating ore carrying $8 to $12 gold. On a ledge parallel with the O. & B. are the Kthel and Annie Laurie, owned by F. A. Bass, M. T. J. Cnmmlngs and the Dempsey estate, on a ledge which shows in an open cut eight feet of iron pyrites carrying $A to $31 goW. A tunnel is in sixty feet for the ore chute and a cross-cut has been driven twenty feet towards the hanging wall. On the east slope of the ridge dividing the Sauk, Sultan and StlUaguamlsh water-sheds, over ooklng Crater Lake, two and one-half miles from Monte ^^\^}°n' i" ^'^^^ ^^} .^^ainpo group of three claims, owned by the Del Camp<' ? « S« . P'J®'' M1"'"K Company. Two claims are on a ledge which Is exposed for 2,000 feet and crops teji to thirty feet wide, carrying chalcopyrlte, which assays on the surfaof> $44.86 gold and silver, 13.8 per cent, copper; 34 per cent, copper and $8 gold. The other claim Is on a parallel ledge cropping 60 to 100 feet wide and carrymg similar ore with more silica. A twenty-flve f<»t tunnel and several ope.n cuts have shown up each ledge. One mile of cable tramway would take this ore to the railroad. ^•^•^►©♦•♦•^•♦•♦•■f MimNa IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWBSrr. GOAT LAKE. Thouerh a part of the organized district of Monte Crlato, tliis is prac- tically a separate district set apart by the formation of the country. It is the extension eastward of the Monte Cristo mineral belt, traced through the ridge dividing the south from the north fork of the Saulc and the latter from Goat I^ake. The latter body of water, less than a mile long, empties through Elliott Creek into the south fork of the Sauk, and the mountains at its head and on each side are veined with mineral. The district is easily accessible from Seattle. Taking the Great Northern train or a steamer to E3verett, thirty-three miles, one goes thence by the Kverett & Monte Cristo Railroad to Barlow Pass, sixty-two miles, and thence by a good road to the foot of the lake, eight miles. From there a trail runs .'jlong the shorn and a road through the bottom land at the head to the Penn ','amp on the c.lltt above. The distance to the Everett smelter is sixty-two miles and to the Tacoma smelter 136 miles from Barlow Pass. The formation of the country Is syenite, granite and schist, with dikes of quartz, porphyry and slate. The principal ledges cut the schist, ciuartx, porphyry and granite in a general easterly and westerly direetton. The led8<6s vary from a clear white quarta sparsely mineralized, to a very dark quartz, strongly mineralized and very auriferous. They carry a fine grained arsenical iron of a good gold value, together with gray copper, gateaa and in some case.'! chalcopyrlte. In sovaf cases gold, and In some silYer, pre- uominates. J'.irt of the ores are hit. h grade and will pay to haul to the railroad and ship to the smelter, am. thf remainder will b« conoe»trattoK. Discoveries began in August, 1891, witli the loeatiop >l the Foggy and parallel ledges on the divide between Ooat l.,ake and the Sauk's north fork and con- tinued along the mountains c h sides of the lake. Development is being pii ' vlgorouBly on the Foggy Kroui>^ of about forty claims, owned by Mini- ' "ompany. Thf '■• >' -tidt^a cuts the mountain from the east .g- t * '^'rlato has rly and has been traced over 5,000 feet, showing ■ solid ore ^ n char- :icter and value to the Pride ore at M iihco, with '«'d( i - ;iree and four feet wide running Into it at acute amnios. Th« Fogg as pn ed to be a. true fissure vein by a number of open cu .inhout seven feet and three and one-half or four feet cut across the h >f i lie basin, while In Sauk basin below the Foggy are a number of other.' Having thus proved the permanence of the main ledge, the company last sprlrtg built a rood up Elliott Creek to the foot of the lake and repaired thf county road down the Sauk, took In a donkey pngine to haul supplies up iio 'iff to the site selected for a permanent camp. 1,100 feet above the !:• air compressor and two power drills. A crosscut tu from the Goat Ijake basin to crosscut the series of le<: and is now in about 200 feet, having tapped the first leu feet. It will cut the Foggy 800 feet deep and possibly others at greater depth and will be used as a working tunnel. A survey has been made for a tram- way down the lake to the falls at Its mouth, where the company owns a mill- site, and a telephone line has been stretched over this route, which Is two miles long. An electric plant will be erected at the falls, wWch ha^e a fall of 360 fpot in 700. and a concentrator placed there to treat the ore. A sutTi-ey has al J been made for a branch railroad six miles long from Barlow Pass on the Everett & Monte Cristo Railroad to the mlllsito. When the tunnel hab oat the ledges, as is expected by next fall, the question of constructing thlB road will be decided and work will in that event begin the following spring. Thio Nevada and El Dorado, on two parallel ledges on the eaitt sldje of th« lake, near Its head, are being developed by the Elliott Creek Gold Mlnlnff Company, -vhlch h.as a mlllslte on the level tract at the head of the lake, well protected fiom snow slides. The Nevada led«e crops three feet wide between slate walls 1.200 feet from the lake shore and has been tapped by a 60-ioot tunnel, which ran througrh highly mineralUed quartz and .slate aiid has continued for ten feet across the ledge, without s;;riltlng the opposite w«kU. Of thl« width three fwt is hlBh grade and the balance oonoentratlnB ore. ': The El Dorado ledse runs parallel, higher up the movinta>ln, iiind sbowK i ftv« teM of aulphuret ore In the croppings. A tunnel run* flft«en f«*t on a two»4it«h streak in the porphyry gangua and shows It to staadUy widen. The croppings asHayed $«.*1 to »7.8fi gold, $1.7.1 to IB.66 sliver. whU« an iMni»y from a depth of four feet gave $13.60 gold, $7.20 silver, 21.20 per t«at copper. 1 Installed an .s then started t greater depth, at a depth of 200 WmStt u MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWUBT. Two assays from a foot deeper pave $17.36 gold, $2.77 stiver and I21.S0 sold, $♦80 silver respectively, while from a depth of elprht feet In an open cut th9 ore assayed $27.2R gold, $1.:!4 silver. Judging from the width and continuity of the lodges and the correspondence of the exposures on opposite sides of the mountain, it is reasonable to conclude that these ledges run clear through the ridge and can be tapped by tunneling at great depth. One of the best-looking and widest ledges crops out directly under the granite cliffs a few hundred feet above the north shore of the lake, and on this and Its spurs the Goat Lake Mining Company has the Glory of the Mountains group of seven claims. The ledge appears to have been broken over by slide rock, but in a tunnel, driven forty feet across. It appears to be straightening up from a pitch of forty-five degrees, and shows twenty feet of ore divided by a horse of porphyry. The ledge matter is porphyritlc quartz and is pretty evenly impregnated with white iron and sulphides. A sample taken across eight feet of ore assayed $21.50 gold, $4.80 silver, and another from twelve feet further in gave $27.60 gold, $1.80 silver. The company Is driving a cross-cut from the shore of the lake which is expected to tap the ledge in 360 feet at a depth of 800 feet, and is row in ninety feet. Three of the claims are on the main ledge and four are on spurs running east and west up the mountain from the lake shore, while the Navajo group of three claims, all of which have good surface showings, are on a parallel . ledge further up the mountain and would be developed by the Glory of the Moun tains crosscut. From this point up the lake, running up the mountain parallel with the Glory, is a series of ledges extending tf the basin wall. The first of these is the Lily of the West, owned by Dr. ^cCulloch, J. W. Coffin, Miss H. K. Coffin and E. G. English. The ledge crops out eighteen inches wide, with a foot of mineral arsenic beside it, and pitches into the mountain. A cross- cut to tap it is in thirty-flve feet. The same parties have the Hunter on a small streak of ore, running into the Lily, and parallel with it J. W. Ooffln has the Union on a ledge carrying arsenical iron and iron sulphides, which crops out eighteen inches to four feet wide. A crosscut is being run to tap It in forty feet. The B?i.'e Rock group of four claims, owned by Messrs. <^offln and sons, Is on two parallel ledges running up from the lake. One of these crops five feet wide between granite walls and shows three and one-half feet of arsenical iron ore carrying gold, silver and copper in a ten-foot shaft, as well as in a thirty-flve foot tunnel. The other ledge, 100 feet above the lake, Itf six feet wide where it has been stripped and crops five to twunty feet wide higher up the mountain. Between the Nevada and El Dorado J. W. Coffin has the Baltimore on a ledge from three to five feet wide, with six to eighteen inches of pay ore, carrying Iron sulphides rich in galena. Assays from the croppings show about $6 gold, $3 silver. On a similar ledge, with a cropping of about four feet of sulphide oro, Mr. Coffin and his sons have the Republican. Above the El Dorado Mr. Coffin and C. M. Mackintosh have the Waterfall on a five-foot ledge showing from eighteen inches to four feet of pay ore, and the Black Jack on a parallel ledge, similar In size and character. Above this, In the rim of the basin, H. W. and C. B. Coffin have the Brooklyn, showing twelve to fourteen inches of ore, on which they are driving a tunnel. Under the rocky promontory in the center of the basin Is the Little Giant, owned by J. W. Coffin, B. G. English and Dr. McCulloch. The ledge is eight feet wide, with a pay streak ranging from eighteen inches to its full width, carry- ing sulphide ore. A cross-cut is in thirty feet, and will tap Che ledge In about 130 feet more. Running up the center of the basin to the south of the Penn camp Is the Bon Ton group of five claims, on as many parallel ledges, owned by J. W. Coffin, E. G. English, Dr. McCu"^ch and C. M. Mackintosh. The main ledge Is from ten to twelve feet wl.u'. with four to eight feet of chalcopyrlte, peacock copper and iron sulphides. It crops out for 650 feet, and has broken over on the surface, but appears to straigliten up and to be running Into the Little Giant, Assays have sh'Wn $16 to $27 gold and silver, and the other ledges in the group carry simll.ir ore. 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Railways, Wagon RoAd8. - Trftilfv Summit Lines SCALE Of MILE6 ■ ^BiiNo IN Thf Pacific northww CIWIl AVO MININO tNOINIf* »SAt11.S »f4»» ■MIPMMIMBBIPI iMMm ^ i£?|UdlM^«W JK-UMU-.. T M 8auk, and has e' Iron sulphides ca tin one wall, froi This district and of being: so Us center, wouk ■within an Inner mineral, and ha smeltlngr- the dl Cascade Range, ample capital to see it proven a i To reach thi train or by ste Everett & Moi Seattle by the S three miles, and thirty-three milt to the Clear Cn half a mile to thi and from these over the Marble four and one-ha miles and to the The mineral twelve miles wl^ cuts across the s above Sllverton from the north White Horse M( the forks. Cutt across the Sulta above the mouth of Miller River, been traced fron where exploratlc Skykomish have is a slate belt, much covered, b believed to be tl following the sa ledges and strir enormous width, defined width o pyrrhotite, iron carrying gold ar the other miner) 20 to 25 per cent. 45 per cent., and in pockets. The ore bodies so ci Instances prove ledges, and nea: Burface width. Mineral discc Hoodoo ledge o located by Abe and James Hans Silver Gulch, a George Hall and Gulch. Then tb by J. F. Bender, The camp v coveries, but o organized at a r following wtntei Parker McKenz They cut a pad great Helena lei discovered by L Perry Creek el a year the w^agon (2) .t.>^?a^/i.v**'"~'~ — MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. IT Sauk, and has eight feet of solid quartz, mineralized from wall to wall with Iron sulphides carrying: gold and silver. A tunnel has been driven fifteen feet %m one wall, from which tne ledge will be cross-cut. BILVERTON. , This district has the advantages of proximity to a railroad and smelter and of being so compact that a circle drawn seven miles around Sllverton, Us center, would enclose all the principal properties, while the majority are within an Inner circle having a radius of four miles. With great bodies of mineral, and having these facilities for cheap mining, transportation and smelting, the district has sprung into the front rank among those of the Cascade Range. Large Investments have been made there by men with ample capital to develop their property, and the year 1897 may be expected to see It proven a permanent, producing camp. To reach this camp from Seattle one can go by the Great Northern train or by steamer to Everett, thirty-three miles, and thence by the Everett & Monte Crlsto Railroad to Sllverton, fifty miles; or from Seattle by the Seattle & International Railroad to Hartford Junction, forty- three miles, and thence by the Everett & Monte Cristo Railroad to Sllverton, thirty-three miles. From Sllverton a good wagon road runs up Deer Creek to the Clear Creek divide, four and one-half miles, and another road runs half a mile to the mouth of Sliver Gulch. Trails branch out from the railroad and from these wagron roads to the various mines, and one has been made over the Marble Pass to the Forty-five Mine, on the Sultan side, a distance of four and one-half miles. The distance to the Everett smelter Is fifty-four miles and to the Tacoma smelter 128 miles. The mineral ledges of this district are contained in a belt of granite about twelve miles wide, which runs a little east of north and west of south and cuts across the south fork of the StiUaguamlsh from a line crossing five mites above Sllverton to another crossing seven miles below. It has been traced from the north fork of the river and Includes the heads of both forks at White Horse Mountain, which stands at the upper end of the ridge between the forks. Cutting across the south fork valley, it has been found to extend across the Sultan Valley and across Silver Creek, where it shows two miles above the mouth. It runs on across both forks of the Skykomish to the head of Miller River. It is cut oft on the northeast by a coal formation, which has been traced from the StiUaguamlsh south fork to the Skykomish south fork, where explorations of good coal prospects a short distance above the town of Skykomish have been carried on for several years. Southwest of this granite Is a slate belt, of which the contact is not traceable, the formation being much covered, hut slate is found above the canyon of the Sultan River and Is believed to be the source of the placer gold of that stream. In true fissures following the same course as this granite belt, but of course with many cross ledges and stringers, runs a series of quartz ledges, bome of which attain enormous width, fifty and sixty feet being qnlte common and 180 feet being the defined width of one ledge. The quartz is mineralized with chalcopyrlte, pyrrhotlte, iron pyrites and arsenical iron, all exiremely rich In copper and carrying gold and sliver, while In some Instances galena Is found mixed wit!i the other minerals. The ore rarely carries less than 10 per cent, copper and 20 to 25 per cent. Is more common, while rich streaks of black oxide run up to 45 per cent., and bornite, which carries 50 to 60 {ler cent, copper, has been found In pockets. The gold and silver values are alone sufficient to make such large ore bodies so convinlently located pay well, though copper will in many Instances prove to be the principal value. Nickel and cobalt occur In some ledges, and near the head of Clear CreeK Is a deposit of asbestos of great surface width. Mineral discoveries In this region date from the summer of 1891, when the Hoodoo ledge of pyrltic ore on the right-hand side of Hoodoo Gulch was located by Abe Gordon and Fred Harrington. Within a few days William and James Hanset found a great ledge carrying arsenical Iron and galena on Silver Gulch, and on this they located the Independent. The same fall George Hall and W. M. Moleque discovered the Anacortes ledge In Anacortes Gulch. Then the great Bonanza Queen ledge, on Long Mountain, was found by J. P. Bender, Z. W. Lockwood and J. O. Marsh. The camp was first named Independence, after one of the early dis- coveries, but on August 26, 1891, the StiUaguamlsh Mining District was organized at a miners' meeting and the name Sllverton was adopted. In the following winter a townsite was established by the late Charles McKenzle, Parker McKenzle. J. B. Carrothers, William Whitten and John P. BIrney. They cut a pack-trau to Hartford In November, 1891, and within a year the great Helena ledges on the divide between Deer and Clear Creeks had been disroverod by Louis I^undlln, John Jackson and Thomas Johnson, and the Perry Creek claims had been located by Theodore I^ohr. During the s.ame year the wagon road had been constructed and the railroad was graded almost (2) u MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. to Barlow Pass, elffht miles to the southeast. In the years 1893 and 1894 thero was ii lull, due to the panic, but In 189.5 activity In prospectlnK waa renewed by the dlscoverey of an extension of the mineral belt over Long Mountiiln from Deer Creek to Martin Creek by A. D. Sperry, William Matadorp, A. Iverson and GeorRe G Mosber, and In the full of ISOfi this wns followed by further discoveries near the head of that creek by John Mc<"lellan. The last notable discovery was t lat of the asbestos deposit on the divide from which Deer, Maittn timl ( bav Ci' ks all spring, this being made In July, 1896, by R. C. Myers and Loub, Calllhan. The Hoodoo group I'f seven mineral claims and six mUlsltes is now owned by thf Stiliasuamlsh and .SnUan Mining- Comi any, compo.st d principally of EnsUsh, Scotch and Welsh capitalists. The mnln ledge runs through the Morrison, Hoodoo. Tenderfoot and Lakevlew claims, and Is fully twenty feet wide, between "walls of conglomerate and slj'te, being one of the best-tlettned fissure veins In the district. The ore canifj Iron and cooper p;, rites and pyrrhotlte, with some bell metal, and Is connived In a lime quartz gangue. There are two well-defined ore bodies, one eighteen inches to twelve feet wide and ."JOO feet long, and the ether twenty Inches to twelve feet wide and 200 feet long, showing 5(X) feet fiTther up the mountain. The main tunnel has "been driven 420 feet on the ^!oodoo ledge, .'rmi^h the Hoodoo Into Sultan Basin. The ledge carries arsi nical iron all through and contains ten feet of high grade ore and some streaks of g.-ilena. ..s.say3 of the pay streak range from $17 to $140 gold and average between $70 and $80, only 3 to 4 per cent, of the total value being silver. A tu'^'n-^l has been driven 156 feet on the leuge at the wesit end of the Independent claim and shows thirty-eight Inches of solid ore In the face. Anoth; " tunnel 100 feet higher ^as been driven 100 feet on the ore chute, throunrh wnicb n '^ro.ss-'-ut is now being made, and a recent rocksllde has uncovered a large body of high .grade ore. Adjoining this group Is the Cleveland group of four claims, a three- r. A tunnel hoB been Htarfed on the main ledno 1,000 feet below th« main tunnel ami will be piiHhed abeiul to tap the ore body at depth. About 160 tons of ore from near the surface have been Hhlpiied to the Everett ■melter, the first IflO tons refnrnInK $!!» to $H2 Kross. A WHKon road has been made up Deer ("reek to the foot of the divide, where ore will be loaded from a chute extendlnK to the mine l.fiOO feet ab(»ve. The same company owns tlu' St. I.oulu and Jackson on a ledge which la cut by Deer Creek, and have run a tunnel 127 feet, from whieli a winze haa been sunk to another tunnel 104 feet long. Koth of these tunn 'N are In solid ore, with pay streaks from elshteen to tblrty-slx Inches, an . • .ay of which runs $20 gold. $23 silver and 30 per cent, copper. A cross-cut has been started 2r>0 feet below, which will tap the l^dge In 300 feet. This work l.s being done by three power drills, with an air 'om|)res8or run by water power from a Pelton wheel at a fall 175 feet high. This plant will be transferred to the deep tunnel on the Helena group when the St. I.iOula ledge ha.« been tapped. (in the extension of the Helena ledges across the divide between C^lear and Martin Creeks the Three Sisters Mining Company has the '^hree Sisters group of four claims, on which five men are driving a tunnel. At twenty feet this Bhowed eighteen feet of ore. The Glengarry Mining Company has the Glengarry group of nine claims parallel with the Three Slater.s group, and is tunneling from the Martin Creek Bide. It shows a forty-flve-lnch pay streak of gray copper ore, an average ■ample of which assayed $4.20 gold. $140.70 sllvei. The Helena Extension group of five claims, owned by the ? lena Exten- sion Mining Company, Is on the Helena series of ledges and 1; helnt developed. The Hannah group of elghi claims, owned by E. C. Hug- ,i. d Maurice McMlcken, of Seattle, Is parallel with the Helena on the same seiies of ledges. There la a surface showing of ore eighteen feet wide, and a forty-foot tunnel on the hanging wall show.^ ore all through, assaying $7 to $10, mostly copper. Thia tunnel la belrw? extended 100 feet and shows constant Improvement in the ore, and two prospect holes higher on the ledge have shown ore worth $21 and $23 respectively. 'the Nonpareil Mining Company has begun development on Its two claima, on which the supposed southwest extension of one of the Helena ledges cropa eight to twelve feet wide. . . . ^ One of the most important recent deals was the bonding to Dennis Ryan, of St. Paul, of the Bonanza Queen group of ten claims by J. F. Bender, Z »W. liockwood and A. Sutherland. The main ledge, on which are four claims, crops out sixty feet wide In a gulch running down I..ong Mountain to Deer (^reek. Us course being from southeast to northwest. It can be seen cutting across a lateral gulch into the mountain towards the north fork of the Stillaguamlsh, Its course being clearly traceable wherever the rock Is exposed A tunnel has been run forty-two feet and a cross-cut from It eleven feet towards the wall Is all In ore, which carries chalcopyrlte as.saying 26 per cent copper and upwards, besides gold and silver, arsenical Iron running $27 gold and 16 ounces silver, and black oxide of copper which assays as high as 44 per cent, copper. Another tunnel has been run fifty-five feet at a point 250 feet lower anc! showed ore until It was run to one side Into softer material, with the Intention of cro.«s-cutting into the ore again. Three thousand feet northwest of the upper tunnel another tunnel has been driven sixty feet In ore In the ledge Is a streak of about six feet of crystallized Umo. carrying mineral, and with the richest streaks on each side, which would be taken by smelters for flux at a premium. On the Oregon parallel ledge on the east are four claims of the same group. H Is nearly sixty feet wide, with several good pay streaks of similar ore, and has been well exposed by a slide which occur-ed last spring above the camp. A tunnel has been run twenty feet, showinr,' veins of chalcopyrlte, black oxide and galena. The galena assays $00 gold, ar.d surface ore taken above the tunnel assayed $27 gold. ItJ ounces silver and 26 per cent, copper. On a cross ledge of white quartl fourteen feet wide the same owners have another claim, on which a thirty-foot tunnel shows two feet of .solid white iron ore. with some copper, as.saying 11 ounces gold. There are several other good streaks beside that in the tunnel. On another cross ledge twelve ftet between walls Is the tenth claim. In which a thirty-foot tunnel shows a wide streak of white Iron rather less in value. Mr. Ryan haa establlf.hed camp and ordered machinery, ready for vigorous development, and is meanwhih^ running a cross-cut by manual labor. On extensions of the Bonanza Queen and Oregon ledges D. K. Sutherland, J. D. Sutherland and C. K. Anderson have four claims, which they have bonded for $.'.0,000 for one year from December 1, 1896, to R. B. Symington, of San Francisco, representing an English company. A tunnel run thirty-one feet on a soft streak In the Stockton, from which a cross-cut will be made, and shorter tunnels on the other claims, show ore bodies equal In size and value to those of the Bonanza Queen group. Op Long Mountain D. C and W. R. Brawley, W. J. Dean, W. W. Rhoden and Lou Myers have the Copperhead group of nineteen claims, on a series of seventeen ledges and stringers. The principal ledge is the Four Aces, on which are four claims and which Is twenty-two feet wide, with a -pay streak showlBg on the surface which in one place Is two Inches and widens in places MINING TN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. to flvft feet. The ore l.s copper pyrites, riinnliifr lower In copper but hlRher In Kolil llian the (troup owned by tlio name pnrtleH iiero«« the river. asHiiyi riiiiKliiK from JIO to $40 for all vuluen. Tne ("..pperhcad ledne, on which there are four claims. BhowH four feet of the .nam" kt'id of ore, and the Idle .mHow* two to Mix feet of ore carrying white Iron, wKh Rold and Hllvor, but little copper. The bent ore In the (?roup l.s on the Sunbeam strlUKer, which Is eight to ten Inches wide and ii.spnys $50 to $70, tncliidlr.t? 10 per cent, copper. On the Four Aces ledRe OfHir^e H'>difliis iind A. W. Hawks, of Snohomtsb, have the Mayflower and Loul.ne, on which they have bej-un work. On the went end of Imwk Mountain H. (". Aiyerw and A. D. Sperrv have the Dry Creek Rroup of four claims on a nine-foot ledge capped with serpentine, In which there Is a twenty-four-inch pay streak of arsenical Iron assaying J2 to $1 jrold and silver and a small percentage of copper. Rich float similar to this Icdpe was found In the Kulch below It and assayed $400 Kold and silver. On the extension of the OrcKon ledp:e C. H. Pack.ird. A. W. Hawks and I). C. .1(1 nnon. of TOvcrctt. fiave the N< mo prroup of five claims on three .«purs, nil runriInK Into the Oregon ledpc. They have run a tunnel 175 feet on one spur, which Is white quartz carrylnjr arsenical Iron and copper pyrites, their iiurr'ose helnjr to strike the ore Iwdy which crops oUt 200 feet above and to cross-cut the Oreiron ledjre. The tunnel shows about three feet of ore In spots, assays of which run fitper. The tunnel Is almost at the foot of the mountain, within 150 yarda of the railroad, so ihat operations will be very cheap. On one of these spurs J. II. James has the I^lly James and has traced the ledfe'e from the footwall to a width of twenty feet. The whole width is more or less mineralized and there are streaks cf white Iron assayluK $7 gold and silver and upwards. A tunnel has been run eighty feet on the footwall. but the ledpe has not yet been cross-cut. Half a mile from the wapon road, on the rlRht fork of Deer Creek, la the Colts proun of four claims, owned by Bert Horton and David McRae, on a ledpe ten feet between walls with three feet of rich ore, and the remainder concentrating. Near the summit are two tunnels, fourteen and sixteen feet, on the ledge, and .3,000 feet below the summit a cross-cut Is In fifty-five feet and will strike the ledpe at a depth of 100 feet In ten or fifteen feet more. The ore Is chalcopyrlte, assaying 2fi per cent, copper, IS'/iS ouncea silver, $3.40 gold. A trail has been cut from the road and development Is In progress. On the mountains overlooking Deer Lake the Deer Lake Mining Company has a group of ten claims. The Wildcat, Otlllle and Granite are on a ledge which runs across the divide to Marten Creek. The ledge Is four feet wide, carrying chalcopyrlte clear across. A tunnel Is in sixty feel on the Wildcat and another the same length on the other claims. On the mountain southwest of the lake they have the Lakevlew on a six-foot ledge, shown up by a forty-foot tunnel. On the Cameron and Homestake, which run acrosB the head of the lake, they have a body of quartzlte sev?nty to ninety feet wide, carrying white iron, and ara running a cross-cut. They are also cross- cutting a ledge of black aulpljurets eighteen to twenty Inches wide on the Highland, which Is above the Homestake, On Clear Creek, beyond the Helena group, la the Grizzly group of four I claims, owned by the CMear Creek Mining ("ompany. They have two ledges, twenty-five and six feet wide, carrying hit^h-grade copper ore. Including ch.alcopyrlte, blacK cxldi and bornlte. Aspays show from 25 to 45 per cent, [copper, and the value In gold, silver and copper Is about $50. In the smaller {ledge a twenty-four Inch pay streak Is being shown up by a shaft eighteen [feet deep and tunnel, on which work Is now In progress, and the larger ledge ishows several good streaks. This company Intends to extend the Deer Creek [road over the divide to the ;">roperty, and Is erecting buildings and continuing [the shaft. Kxtendlng acrofis Clear Creek, .lust below this group. Is the Asbestos group of six claims, located In a double line of three each by R C. Myers and i Louis Calllhan last summer. Against a granite wall running northeast and southwest Is a grfeat dike of talclc asbestos, varying from 30 to 150 feet wide, [which stands up seventy-Hvc feet above the rock on each side. This material Is used to give body to paper and specimen^ examined by .skilled men at the [I.iOwell paper mill are pronounced superior to that brought from New York {by that company. On the surface this material Is of a greenish tinge, but [deeper down Is expected to be pure white, like the New York product. JAgalnst this dike is a body of mineral apparently carrying nickel and cobalt, (about 500 feet wide, and throughout Its width are large pockets of very tough mbrous asbestos. The wall of this deposit Is a serpentine dike 150 to 400 feet [Wide, In contact v/lth a hard black flinty slate. j A .series of four or five parallel ledges of white quartz carrying chalco- Ipyrlte and some galena has been traced from Marti-.n Creek across tiie [mountain to Deer Creek. The principal ledge Is the Arlington, %vhlch shows lup seventy feet wide on the Arlington claim and has been traced four miles lacross Deer Creek, showing more or less mineral throughout. T/ie Arlington land three other claims on the same ledge have been bought by tfie Marten ICreek Gold and Copper Mining Company, which has bonded a majority of its iBtock to Captain C. H. Thompson and others, of Spokane, on condition that ithey continue development until May 1. A twenty-foot tunnel is all in MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. Bulphide ore assaying $12.60 gold, $6.20 .sllvfr and 35 per cent, copper, and another tunnel, 1,000 feet below, Is sixty feet in decomposed rock, with 150 feet further to drive before striking the solid formation. The same company ha» a claim on another ledge four or five feet wide, in which a twenty-foot open cut shows streaks of ore aggregating twenty inches, and assaying $11 gold and 27 per cent, copper. The Climax and Knoxvllle, on the east of Deer Creek, owned by Hugh Kennedy and others, and the Bunker Hill, further to the east, owned by Charles Sperry and John McCartney, are also believed to be on extensions of this ledge. On a six-foot ledge parallel with the Arlington Joseph Crane and Thomas- Wilson have the Baby Lode and its extension, on which they have run a short tunnel. On the west extension of this ledge is the Doubtful, which, with thfr White Swan, on a parallel ledge, hbs been bonded by the Cascade Develop- ment Company. A fifty-foot tunnel is being run on the White Sv.'an, which is said to have assayed 200 ounces silver on the surface. A recent rich discovery near the head of Marten Creek is the Now Seattle- ledge, on which the original claim has lieen bonded by A. D. Sperry and F. F. Randolph to Captain C. p. Thompson, of Spokane, who is tunneling on it. It is seven feet wide, running northeast and southwest, and carrying anti- monial silver and gray copper in a five-foot pay streak, assays of which average 350 ounces of silver and $5.60 gold. A test car load shipment will be- made shortly. On the southwest extension are the four Consolidated claims, owned by A. D. Sperry, R. C. Myers and Louis Calllhan. The Bald Mountain Mining Company is developing the two Golden Chord claims on the Arlington ledge and the Lakevlew extension on the New Seattle- ledge. On the former a flfte«n-foot tunnel has shown a large body of" Bulphides and .some galena, the cropplngs of which carry $7 to $9 gold, silver and copper, but the solid formation lias not been reached. On the Lakevlew extension a- forty-foot open cut and tunnel i.^ entering the solid formation, the cropplngs assaymg $8.46 gold, silver and copper. Parallel with the St. Louis ledge, on Marten Creek, are the Monitor anct Sterling, owned by the Monitor and Sterling "".lining Company. This ledge- Is six feet wide, with gangue similar to the New Seattle, mineralized the whole wliith. with thirty inches of ore carrying gray copper and copper pyrites. TMs is shown Ir a twenty-font tunnel, which will be immediately extended fifty feet, giving a depth of 100 feet. On the divide between Peri-j' Creek and Falls Creek and extending down both of those streams Is the Eureka group of fifteen claims and three mill- sites, nwne.i ^y the Perry Creek Mining Company, distant from one to six miles from iio railroad. One ledge is over 100 feet wide and has cropplngs or copper pj'-iteF assaying !• to 15 per cent, copper, 4 to 38 ounces silver andt |1 gold, nil which a lOO-foot tunnel is being driven. Another claim is on a large body of ore shown by a small tunnel and assaying 9 per cent, copper, 4 ounces silver and a trace of gold. xV tunnel has been started on another well-defined ledge of concentrating ore twelve feet wide extending through two claims. A ten-foot tunnel Is on a ledge of chalcopyrlte fifty-four inches, between walls, assaying 19 to 26 per cent, copper, 5 to V ounces silver and a. trace of gold. A tunnel has been started on two ledges four feet each, showing good bodies of chalcopyrlte. the cropplngs of which assay 14 to 30 per cent, copper, in to 25 ounces silver and a trace of gold. A ledge extending- through three claims has sixteen feet of concentrafing ore carrying Pnf»- granied steel ^'alena and copper pyrites and averaging 4 per cent, coppeiv $3 goki and sliver and 3 nor cent. lead. A tunnel has penetrated seventv feet, showing continued Improvement, and Is being extended. Three other claims are on a largo led,ge, of which the cropplngs show a good-sized pay streak of concentrating ore, carrying galena, sulphides and gray co!)nei-. which will be struck at a depth of eighty-five feel Ijy a twenty-foot tunnel when it has been driven ter feet further. ExteneUng from the head of the west fork of Coal Creek down to the railroad is the Double Kaglc group of four quartz and eight placer claims, owned by the Double Ragle Mining C^ompany. The quartz claims are on a ledge of free milling ore varying from fifteen to forty feet in width, assavs of which range all the way trom $1 to $20 and average about $8. The placers are on sevenil small tributaries of Coal Crp<'k which wash the ledge. .>• .^ J*""*" '^^'^ ^'ff V^^ar. owned by the Big Bear Mining Companv, on the divide between ( lear nnn< Cmyon Creeks, four miles bv tr;he«. This cross-cut Z\V ^,ni "ilf"**?^ ^° ^^P, ''^'^ ^^^^^- w*^*'^*' ^'"1 'ie defined by drifting. A cross- ledg^al den?.. '■"'' ''■'"" ^^^ Canyon Creek side of the divide to tap tha On a ledge runnin ,' r p the mountain at the mouth of Gordon Creek, irom pper, and th 150 feet ipany ha» •foot open g %n gold t of Deer further to lelleved to A Thomas- ive run a with the- ! Develop- an, which ;w Seattle- and F. P. Ing on it. y^lng: antl- of which nt will bfr owned by aen Chord ?w Seattle- » body of old, sUvf^r Lakevlew 'ormation^ jnitor ancfr rhis ledge- alized the nd copper [mediately 3ing down hree mill- one to six oppin^s of silver and? m is on a It. copper, in another g through our inches. Iver and a feet each, ly 14 to 3» extend ing^ ■ylnp: finp- it. (Xippei, verity feet, hiM- claims ' streak of ich win be t has been wn to thet 3er claims, s are on a , HHsays of plMcers are .ny, on the r th" rall- •th of west ck copper, chea. from |7 silver, eet on Jh*. i cross-cut , A cross- to tap the- reek, from -i.j-~».».»i_ ^.. ■illT0 44. BATDXR oaoor 45. sojfNT sotma 40. «M HIti. 4T. OUBAT HOnTBSKB 46. BOBSESHOB. 40 5TI0KITSY OROIXr. *o ni Ireatest in the C feet wide and tOOO feet up Littl |as b(cn traced ain working tu) If snowslides, hf Ire in ore. It h leven feet to the leet above, runs I feet to the left, r forty-six feel. A tunneling is in oi the mountain by |)oint 200 feet hif ligh-grade ore, p copper pyrites, a running much h jobalt, the led; e fcnd Silver Pea. ■ /ide in an opei |ln a forty-foot tu The company scale. It has 2,0< below the foot o |pipe line leading: railroad twenty-; i^*.* jaafcl*afaVffifti ffhir MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEaT. a point only 150 feet from the railroad, the Gordon Creek Gold Mining Com- lany has the Wad, Bullet and Hope. The ledpe is twelve to fourteen feeV. 7ide between walls of syenite and serpentine and is traceable for 4,500 feet, [he surface ore is sulphides and arsenical iron and assays from $2 to $39 gold aid copper. The company has driven a tunnel thirty-flve feet on the hanging Jail from the base of the mountain, which has ore in the face assaying |15 |old and silver all the way across. The estimated cost of mining the wider ledges In this district Is $1 a ton, Jauling to the railroad four or five miles $2, railroad freight $2, smelting $is, total cost of $11. Concentration will reduce all of these costs except mining 1 ;i degree varying with the ratio in which the ore will concentrate, and the Jnly additional cost would be about $1 a ton for concentration. THE SULTAN. This district had until six years ago the reputation of being one of th« laying placer districts of the Cancade Range, but during that period the llacers have dwarfed beside the developments of quartz near the headwaters If the several forks and their tributaries. Tlie route to the mineral belt from Seattle is by the Great Northern lailroad to Sultan, lifty-flve miles; thence by wagon road six miles to Happy 7^alie.v, and the rest of the distance by horse trail. The main trail runs to |ho head of the noriti fork, a total distance of twenty-three miles from Sultan, wliile other trails 'branch off up the middle fork and up Elk Creek, le same distance from Suilan in each case, while another trail branches oft ) ilie east fork of Olney Creek, a total distance from Sultan of sixteen miles. iLUother road runs along the left bank of tlie ma;n stream for seven miles ^nd a trail continues up the river to the forks. Tne distance by the Great Jorthern from Sultan to the nearest smelter, at Everett, Is only twenty-two I'.Ks. ;inii lu the Taooma smelti r ninety-six miles, and thus the extension ot \i\e road would settle the transportation problem for the present, or until rodnction has made such progress as to furnish traffic for a railroad. The cliaracteristlc ores of this district aie like tliose of liie Sliiiaguamiah district, of which belt this is the southward extension, rich mainly in copper, but carrying gold and sliver, with nickel and cobalt in places. But side by ie wltli the greatest copper deposit at the head of the north fork is a ledge if high-i^rade gold and silver ore. The formation In this section of the Ji.stricl is granite, like that of the Stiilaguamish side of the divide, but th« Ml>^^es bearing gold and sliver across the basin are in a blue slate gangue bi'iween walls of talcose schist. In the middle fork basin thai formation Is )rphyrlllc syenite, which forms a contact with the granite and diorite ot liver Creek, and the ledges are In true fissures In the syenite, carrying ])per pyrites and gold. Until the year 1896 the most active work on the north fork basin had been ione by the Stiilaguamish and Sultan Mining Company on tht Little Chief Irroup of eight mineral claims, with two mllisites in the valley below. Six ot these claims, two of which are patented, are on a ledge of great width, iThich runs up the side of bittle Chief Mountain and over its summit, almost (,'opper Lake, which is drained by Copper Creek. The outcrop Is one of the reatest in the Cascades, being a cliff of chalcopyrite about 300 feet high and BO feet wide and showing for BOO feet along the lengtii of the K-dge, at a point LOOO feet up Little Chief Mountain In Boflder Canyon, up which the deposit as bten traced for 700 or 800 feet. The lower level, whirn Is designed for a ain working tunnel, as its location avoids the Phelps Glacier and all danger If snowslides, has beerj driven WO feet, of which the Itsl seventy-nine feet [re m ore It has been turned thirty-four feet to the left and again forty- leven feet to the right, across a number of stringers. The upper ieNel, 265 leet above, runs Into the ledge at right angles thlrty-Hv3 feet, turns forty-five feet to the left making a cross-cut to the north wall and then follows it for lorty-six feet. Another cross-out runs forty-four feet to the right. Ail this tunneling is In ore. The ore body has also been located 120 feet further into ihe mountain bv 1,200 feet of diamond drill holes. On the south wall, at a bolnt 200 feet higher, another drift has been run twenty feet, also in very iigii-giad(^ ore, proving the ore body to be at least 123 feet wide. The ore is 'opper pyrites, averaging about $12 in gold, .silver and copper, at some points j-unning much higher In copper and at certain points carrying nick.l and f'ohaU the Uni- e matter being slate mixed in places with quartz. The Stepto tiiid Silver Pea • are on a parallel ledge to the north, which shows eight feet fvvide in an opei cut on the latter claim and has eighteen Inches of solid or© in a forty-foot tunnel on the former. The company has made preparations to develop the property on a large .scale. It has 2,000 horse-power in Copper Creek, which has a fall of 1,000 feet iielow the foot of Copper Lake, and has made a rock cut in which to lay a pipe line leading to the mlllsites below. A survey has also been made for a railroad twenty-six miles long from Sultan, on the Great Northern Railroad, M MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. to the foot of Little Chief Mountain. This road would not only carry the traffic of the Little Chief, but that of the middle fork. Elk Basin and Olney Creek mines, and would develop the splendid body of timber In the Sultan Basin. The first mine to ship ore from this district was the rich Forty-flve, on the opposite side of the north fork basin, now owned by the Forty-flve Consoli- dated Mining Comi)any. The group consists of eighteen claims, four of which are on the' Deupree ledge, running parallel with the divide, beside* forty acres for tramway terminals in the Sultan Valley and forty acre.s for the same purpose in the Stlllaguamish Valley. Development has been vigor- ously prosecuted since the organization of the company in April. 1890. and has shown the property to be one of great value. The principal ledge extends for over a mile through six claims and runs east and west between walls of talcose schist, the gangue being blue slate, quartz and talc. On the Deupree Brothers, l.f'OO feet above the camp, it crops out eighteen feet wide in a gorge with walls about fifty feet high, formed by the wearing down of the ore by a small stream pouring througli It and deeply stained with Iron leached out of the ore. The slide rock in the gorge is nearly all ore, and. If there were a wagon road to Sultan, a car load could easily be picked up on the surface rich enough to ship at a profit. From here this ledge has been traced over the. surface for 1,500 feet, and a tunnel run on the hanging wall for fifty feet Is in ore, the Intention being to cross-cut from It. On the adjoining claim a tunneF has been run 163 feet In the hanging wall, with a cross-cut to the footwall. This shows on the hanging wall an elghteen-lnch streak of solid ore carrying, white Iron, cooper sulphurets and galena, which runs about $30 gold and silver. On the footwall Is thirty to forty Inches of decomposed quartz and' talc, which Is good concentrating ore, averaging about $8 gold and silver, and Is so soft that it can be very cheaply mined with pick and shovel. The development of the Forty-five was begun in the spring of 1896, where the ore crops ten Inches wide about 400 feet below the summit. A tunnel wa» driven 140 feet on (he ledge, wit'i a cross-cut of thirty-five feet, showing two pay streaks which aggregate fourteen inches at the narrowest and six feet at the widest point. The gangue Is mainly dark blue slate, veined with quarts and considerable talc, and carries galena, white iron and gray copper. At the face of the cross-cut a shaft was sunk twenty feet In order to get the work- ings deep enough below the water which (lows over the ledge In the gulch. A cross-cut was then run to the ledge, which was followed, widening and Improving In quality, with showings of ruby sliver. The ledge carries three grades of ore, running about $100, ?30 and $8 -espectively, In gold, sliver and lead. The first car load of high-grade or^ comprised fourteen tons, and returned 135.8 ounces of silver, .76 of an ounce of gold, and V^ per cent, of lead, paying $1,222.85 over freight and treatment. The second car load returned about $109 a ton. The ore Is carried down the mountain by a temporary tramway of hempen rope 2,000 feet long, but surveys have be<;n made for permanent tramways from both the Forty-flve and Deupree Brothers to the millslte, and also across the range to the Everett & Monte Cristo Railroad near Silverton, over a route 13,000 fctt long. A cross-cut 232 feet long tappet) the Forty-five ledge 175 feet below the present tunnel, showing six to eight Inches of high-grade ore on the hanging wall, which assayed $S1.30 gold and 102 ounces silver. At 214 f' ot this tunnel ptruek a stringer of gray copper and galena ten to fourteen Inches wide, carrying $1.54 gold and silver. Preparations have also been made to erect a concentrator for reduction of the low grade ore at the proposed tramway terminus. The company worked twelve men throughout the winter on the cross-cut, has left $10,000 worth of ore on the dump ready for concenlralion and has spent $19,000 on the property so far. A thousand feei below the outlet of Copper I-aice Is the Cornucopia group or fovr (■laims on two ledges of ore similar to tnac ol the Forty-five mine, owmyl by Peter L. Trout and others. One of these ledges crosses the Forty- flve and shows eighteen to thirty inches of ore in a thirty-foot tunnel, carrying galera and sulphuret.s. while a surface cut above shew^'d five feet •ii.fo^ 1^' ^''l*^ ?; ""'® ^'^''^^ carbonate. An assay from the surface showed * J^..?^!A ',T^-'*" ^''vt'r, while as the tunnel progressed assays first of $28.90 gold and $9 to sliver, then of %r,H for both values were obtained. White iron then came in on the hanging wall and ran $Ki.;;0 geld, $2..-0 sliver. The other ledge ;n,^!?r^9P ° '^°"'' {'^^} ^:J'^^' assaying $4,13 gold, $10.40 silver; $4.13 gold, $26.10 %}.l • ^'ViF,®'", '^f"^- ^^^^' '^^" *™' all values. Only surface work has been done on this ledge. t>,«'^.,^°^.;°"K°/ .'ir*' S'"^,'*''"' fo ^he Little Chief has be«>n discovered towards the summit of Ha 1 s Peak and on It R. M. Burnet. John Erlck.son and otners have located the ( olumhus group of four claims and have run a short tunnel. rrJ!?.^ . ® south side of the .same peak a .similar blow-out. capped with copper m.l. °V'i ^''"eath which the principal values are copper and cobalt, with a son .ff"/ rnntf r'"' Y^"" '"■r?.*''"?,'] '^^^ summer. On this George W. Ander- Bit- Pnn;ir^?J^/°'lP1'"v,^?^- ^ *'»"'^ ^' «"^' W. H. Ward, of Snohomish, the Of the deposit ' "° ^ ^""^ ^^^ *'''''" ''^"^ ^° <^®""^ ^^« extent MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. M Prospecting on the middle fork dates back to about the year 1889, but most iiiocatlons were abandoned on account of their Inaccessibility. Among the few claims which have been held up to the present time by the original locators are the Sultan Nos. 1 and 2, owred by E. R. Krueger, William Blggers and A. W. Hawks. They are on a ledge. on Sheep Gap Mountain, which crops out elgl teen feet wide, carrying copper pyrites and gray copper. A tunnel has been run forty feet, In ore all the way, with ore also on both sides. Assays shov ii" per cent, copper, $23 gold, $6 silver, and it Is estimated that the ore will concentrate 5 into 1. On what is believed to be an extension of this ledge up the mountain Robert and William R. Blggers have the Hard Pass, on which they have run a tunnel ten feet, showing good ore of the same kind. On the divide between the middle fork of the Sultan and Elk Creek W. R. Blggers and Ben James in August, 189(5, discovered a small outcrop of copper pyrites in a slide to be a five-foot ledge carrying three feet eight inches of copper pyrites, with a little black oxide of copper, there being an inch of talc gougue on each wall. An average sample assayed $6.05 gold, 1^4 ounces .silver, 16 per cent, copper. On the same divide R. A. Vaughn and D. B. Taylor In January, 1895, rclcoated the Helena and Sadie on two abandoned claims having three parallel ledges running nearly cast and west netween walls of porphyritlc syenite. Two of the ledges are thirty inches wide, with'au eighteen- inch pay streak, and the third Is six feet wide, with a forty-inch pay streak, all of copper pyrites carrying gold and silver. The large vein crops out for 120 feet and is traceable for 2,000 feet, and the middle one crops out for 300 feet. Assays have shown $8 to $10 gold, 16 to 20 per cent, copper. Adits have been run on tne several ledges eight to eleven feet. The Great Northern group of three claims, which Is being developed by M. Sheehan, W. D. Simp.son and J. H. Wilson under a bond from Thomas Lockwood and C. D. Brownlleld, is on a great contact ledge running up the mountain from the bank of Sultan River, ten miles from Sultan and three miles by trail beyond the end of the road. The ledge is In a contact between a bastard granite footwall and porphyry and slate hanging wall, and gradually widens from sixty feet close to the river to seventy feet at the top of the ridge, at 3,300 feet greater elevation, its course being north by east and south by west. The whole width of ledge matter appears to be well mincial- ized throughout with fine-grained pyrites bf Iron and copper, as shown in a tunnel running 150 feet on the footwall, giving a depth of eighty feet, and another forty-seven feet on the hanging wall, both tunnels being in ore all the way, and in a sixteen-foot shaft. Assays have ranged from $6 to $87 gold, sH- ; ver and copper, and an average of six different assays was $32 gold, $1.76 silver, $3.45 copper. The footwall tunnel la being driven thirty feet further and the ledge will then be cross-cut. The placer mines of the Sultan extend upward from the Horseshoe Bend, , which is six miles by road and trail from Sultan City. This form of mining [■dates back nearly thirty years to 1868, when Thomas Lockwood and Jamea Harris took out as much as $30 a day. They were followed by Chinamen, jwho worked with rocker and cradle. Tradition has It that two sailors took I $6,000 in one season from the Sailors' Bar, and that Lawrence Hanson, of 1 Everett, cleaned up $1,200 in one summer. Several parties of men are still [working and average about $1.50 a day per man. The largest enterprise of this kind has been cai'rled on during the year 1896 by the Horseshoe Bend Mining Company on 157 acres of patented ground, Ihalf-encircled by the bend in the river from which the company takes its lame. Here Is the clearest evidence of the nature of the gold-bearing deposit. In the hollow of the bend is a bar 50 to 150 high, and similar bars extend along Ithe banks for some distance up the river. In making this bend the stream leftters a box canyon formed by a deep Assure in the bedrock and Is here lapparently fathomless. The explanation of this canyon appears to be that ■some natural convulsion split the rock and opened this new channel and that Ithe river then left the higher bed now forming the bars and swept its way Idown through the fissure. The high bar in the hollow of the bend is com- Iposed of cement gravel, boulders and sand, with streaks of blue clay, all tcharact eristic of river wash. In the quite reasonable belief that the deep hole In the box canyon had Iformed a depository for great quantities of gold washed from the gravel, the Ifirst owners of this property, the Sultan River Miring Company, in 1889 and 11890 out a tunnel seven feet' wide and 800 feet long across the bend and turned Ithe river into it for the purpose of emptying and working the present channel, Ithe work costing $4u.OOO. Soon after the river had been turned into it the Itunnel was choked wi'h boulders and driftwood by a great flood and the work [was abandoned until it was taken up again in the spring of 1S96 by the new Icompany. The latter has made one and one-half miles of ditch and flume tfrom Marsh Creek, with a fall of 100 feet and a possible fall of 700 feet, laid 1600 feet of eight-inch pipe and Installed a hydraulic giant, fitted for nozzles franging from one and one-half to four Inches In diameter, which wa.^hes the lirt into a thirty-foot sluice box over five pole and one Hungarian riffles. The boulders are" removed by a derrick and the debris is discharged into the tunnel. Into which two-thirds of the river has been turned by the clearing of H MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. Its course. At the point where work la In proRresB the dirt Is being washed down to bedrock, which Is from eight to eighteen feet below the surface. The whole depth pays from 25 to 40 cents a yard, but the best dirt Is two feet of blue clay near the surface and some streaks of cement gravel. The gold is found in rough pieces ranging from 25 cents to $1 each, sometimes with pieces of quartz attacht-d, and at times bits of native silver and copper ranging in size from a plnhead to a kernel of wheat are found. The old company took out $1 2U0 during a temporary suspension of work on the tunnel. Tne present company Intends to turn the whole stream Into the tunnel by damming the present channel, and to pump out the canyon and work the dirt 'n its bed, a gasoline engine and centrifugal pump having been already provided for this Four miles up Wallace River, wl'lch flows into the Skykomlsh four miles above Sultan, J. F. Wash and Charlt s Myers have the Gold Bar and Elmo on a ledse sixteen or seventeen feet wiile, running across the river. There is a two-foot streak of galena ore on each wall, assaying .$44 to $102 si'ver and lead, with a little gold, but a twenty-seven foot tunnel shows copper pyrites *'°"At nresent the mines of the north fork of the Sultan find their outlet to transportation by trails over Marble Pass to Silverton, about four and one- half miles Th<- nature of the country, however, makes the Sultan Valley their natural outlet and the extension of the wagon road would open this route, while a railroad is by no means a remote pobslbility. SILVER CHEEK. Though among the first discovered, one of the richest as regards the size and value of its ore bodies, and one of the most accessible, this has hitherto been among the most backward districts in the Cascade Range. This fact is due to a variety of causes. It was discovered at a time when attention was centered on real estate and men who had property of that kind for sale went out of their way to discourage the diversion of capital into mining ventures. At that time little was known of the character of the mineral belt of th& Cascade Mountains, and mining engineers scoffed at the ores of this region as low grade and refractory, and declared that the formation was so broken that it was Impossible to trace the ore bodies to any d^pth. The attention ot prospectors was at that time centered on silver-lead and f'-^e milling gold ores, so that thev passed by the ledges of sulphide ore heavily capper! with oxidized Iron, which they found towards the mouth of the creek, and went on nearer its source, where they found galena. Thus It was that the creek received the misnomer "Sliver," and, when the fall in the price of silver caused depression in mining for that metal, the camp was almost deserted and many of the earlier locations were abandoned. Later discoveries and developments have proved that it is not a silver, but a gold and copper camp, and that the formerly despised iron caps cover ledges as rich as those which carry silver. This discovery is due mainly to the riches unearthed from beneath similar iron caps across the boundary. The mining world has now | formed a true estimate of the character and value of the ores and develop- ment has been resumed with such vigor that the camp will this year have renewed life. ' As a glance at the map will show, this district is the extension of the j mineral belt southward from Monte Crlsto, where the greatest development In the Cascade Range has been done. It is reached from Seattle by the Great j Northern Railroad train to Index, seventy-one miles, thence by the coui|ty ' road up the Skykomlsh north fork to Galena, at the mouth of Silver Creek, j a distance of nine miles. From that point a horse trail leads up the creek to ] Silver Lake, on the Monte Ci sto Divide, a distance of seven miles, with branch trails to the different properties along the route. The county com- missioners have begun the extension of the road from Galena to Mineral City, four miles above the mouth of the creek, and will probably complete it thi» j year. The distance from Index to the nearest smelter, at Everett, is only] thirty-eight miles, and to the Tacoma smelter 112 miles. The country rock of this district is mainly granite, which crops out above L Index and in several places in the creek beds of the Silver Creek Basin, where the surrounding mountains are mostly composed of syenite and diorlte. Silver Tip Mountain i^ mostly composed of diorlte, cut by dikes of porphyry which often reach a width of 200 feet, and this rock extends down the creek about to Mineral City. The granite extends onward under the glaciers of Monte Cristo and crops out again in the Goat Lake District. The granite is alternated with strata of slate on the lower part of the course of Silver Creek. This formation is cut by mineral ledges in true Assures, which run a little ■outh of east and north of west, and by a series of cross ledges of later date nmnlng east of north and west of south and intersecting the older ledge,?. Near the h«^d of the creek the ore is copper and iron sulphides carrying goH »nd silver, but as the mineral belt is followed down the creek silver-bearing MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. ft p waahecl e surface. H two feet he gold Is rlth pieces •anging In pany took ne itresent nmlng the n Its bed, ed for this four miles d Elmo on There Is a si'ver and )ei- pyrites r outlet to and one- tan Valley open this da the size as hitherto This fact Is entlon was r sale went g ventures, belt of the this region 3 so broken ittentlon ot nllllng gold ;appcfl wUh L, and went it the creek ce of silver )8t deserted overles and 3V)per camp, those which Lrthed from :ld has now nd develop- 3 year have I islon of the { ievelopment )y the Great | the county lUver Creek, the creek to ] miles, with !ounty com- ! lineral City, plete It thl»| rett. Is only )s out above [ Jasln, where- 1 and dlorlte. or porphyry | m the creek ! glaciers of le granite 1» 311ver Creek. ' run a little] :)f later date I Dlder ledges, arrylng goU ilver-bearlniT galena appears, as In the Morning Star, and In the Vandalla and Lockwood ;group9. Silver and lead predominate In this form, gold and copper taking second place. Within half a mile below the Vandalla, however, the character of the mineral again changes, and in the Michigan group, the Anaconda and Oro Flno, gold and copper take first place and lead and silver are tne lower values. The ledges generally contain pay streaks of high enough value to be profitably shipped to the smelter if the wagon road were extended to Sliver tiake. and In almost every instance the whole ledge is well enough mineralized to pay for concentration. The first mineral location of which there is any record was the Norwegian, made in 1874 by Hans Hansen, who carved the name and date on a tree, showing that the claim ran up the mountain on the left bank from a point 500 feet above the forks of the creek. Shortly afterward a man named Johnson discovered a cropping of iron pyrites on the bank of the creek and, mistaking it for gold, located the Anna. He then carried the news to Snohomish, causing a stampede among the loggers all along his route, and Induced E. C. Ferguson, Theron Ferguson, Lot Wilbur and W. M. Whitfield to spend $2,000 or J.%00O on building an arrastre on the present site of Mineral City. They produced a piece of amalgam about the size of a goose egg, which was stolen by one of their employes, and they abandoned the experiment. Prospecting really began in 1882, when the late Ellsha H. Hubbart cut a trail to Galena, relocated the Anna, with the Trade Dollar on the extension and the Morning Star on a parallel ledge to the north. Discoveries then followed one another in rapid succession, until in 1890 there was quite a boom, and the towns of Mineral City and Galena were established, a trail having been meanwhile cut through. It was during the four succeeding years that the road was cut from Inuex to Galena, partly by the county and partly by the miners. The group on the divide between Sliver Creek and Monte Cristo, adjoining the most southerly claims in the latter district, is the Silver Lake, composea of six claims, with a mlllsite in Monte Cristo, owned by the Silver Lake Mining and Smelting Company. A ledge cutting through Silver Tip Mountain towards the lake Is three to four and one-half feet and is covered by three claims. A tunnel 150 feet on the ledge shows it to carry sulphurets the full width, assays running $2 to $14 and proving the ore to be good for concen- tration. A parallel ledge covered by two claims shows three feet of ore where It is cut by the creek and is opened by a tunnel 101 feet long at a point 300 feet higher, where assays of $10 to $43 gold and sliver have been obtained, while the upper claim shows a large body of ore assaying from $1 to $20. A cross ledge shows eightee.n inches of ore at the croppings and from two to twelve inches in a 160-foot tunnel, a flfty-foot cross-cut also tapping the ore. Assays have ranged from $16 to $140 gold, silver and lead. A parallel ledge cropping four tu six fc°t will be tanned by a cross-cut now be*ng run. Five tons of hlgh- l^rade ore are on the duii.p rc^yy <'"'• =h foment. The largest group in the district and tne one 8ho>.''ng the most develop- ment is owned by the Silver Queen Mining and Smelt :ig Company. It is [really two groups, one adjoining the Silver Lake group on the Monte Cristo [Divide, and the other on Lockwood Gulch near the mouth of the creek. The [principal ledge in the former group is the Orphan Boy. cutting through the jdivide and across Silver Creek, which is covered by four patented claims. lA tunnel running 200 feet into the dividing ridge, where the ledge Is six to |thirty feet wide, shows eighteen Inches of ore in the face. Thlrty-flve ^amples taken when the ledge was first struck gave assays averaging $26.12, largely In gold. As work progressed, assays showed $97.05, then $179.75, and later $130 for all values, but assays generally run from $40 to $60, and average ^bout $45, from a pay streak of eighteen to twenty-four Inches. A second tunnel started about 125 feet lower struck the ledge in 150 feet and has pene- trated 286 feet, being exj >j..^+ed to strike the ore chute shown in the upper tunnel In twenty-five feet more. The first samples gave $20.80 and $72.40, nearly all silver. A thirty-two foot tunnel on the Monte Cristo side of th« ridge shows the ledge about «lx feet wide, another on the opposite mountain, ■jicross the creek, Is in twenty-three feet, showing twenty Inches of ore in loo feet of lecige matter, with indications of a blow-out, and a cross-cut on the same side of the creek is in 121 feet, but has not yet tapped the ledge. The Zeta, unpatented, is on three p.arallel ledges on the Monte CrLsto side, 111 carrying iron pyrites, with some copper in bornlte and variegated copper. ^ fifteen-foot tunnel on the upper ledge shows eight to twenty-four inches )f ore, while open cuts show three to five feet of ore in the middle vein and three to eighteen inches in the lowest one. Assays from near the surface 5n the middle vein gave $5.16 gold, $11.90 silver, and $6.25 gold, $3.99 silver, respectively. The Q. T., on a parallel ledge, further down the creek, is owned Jointly by the Silver Queen and O. & B. Companies, and half of it has been patented. A ten-foot open cut with eight-foot face shows a wide ledge with six-Inch pay streak of pyrites and zinc, which assayed near the surface |36 gold, $3.35 silver. A twenty-five foot tunnel has been run on a small Stringer running Into the ledge. These claims lie well for development, for I 1,000-foot tunnel would cross-cut the Orphan Boy and Zeta ledges at a lepth of 900 to 1,100 feet and the ore could be trammed from it to the railroad it Monte Cristo. MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. The I^ockwood group has two patented claims on a ledge rongrlng: from Six to aeventy-iive feet, on which a ninety-foot tunnel shows a piiy streak of sulphides and galena as wide as thlity Inches, but narrowing at the face to four Inches, of which assays range from $27.tiO to $!>7.03. A la rue body of ore Is exposed on the surface about 100 feet ahead of the face of the tunnel. Two ten-foot tunnels are each on twelve Inches of ore, assaying |23.88. Two claims on the Wild West ledge have a short tunnel showing ten Inches of ore on the hanging wall and a talc gouge on the footwall. T'.ie lilttle Lee shows a ten-Inch streak of ore and two feet of soft ledge matter, well mineralized. In a thirty-foot tunnel. The company Intends to resume opera- tions in [h.. early spring. On the Zeta ledge J. C. Hu)>bnrt and Dr. T. M. Young, rt Seattle, and John A. Brue, of Everett, have the Stiver Lake, In which elglit surfar-e cuts show several seams of mineral from fifteen to twenty inches w'.de in a slightly mineralized dike of porphyry eighty feet wide. The Dutchman, owned by A. P. Michaud and William Booth, has a ledge which crops out four or five feet wide on Silver Tip Mountain, with a good pay streak shown up in a twenty-foot tunnel. Messrs. Hooth and Michaud, with Edward Elwell, of Snohomish, also own the Wildcat, on a ledge of Blx and one-hnlf feet of concentrating ore, en which a tutnel has been run forjty feet, and which assays $10 gold, |1.S7 silver throughout. The Mlnni>haha, owned by John Campbell, of Port Blakeley, has a ledge cropping fifteen feet wide on the left side of the lower of two falls having a combined height of over .^00 feet. The water pours over the iron-stained wall and has washed out the ledge to form its channel. A .«lxty-foot tunnel is mineralized across Its whole face and hes a pay streak of six to twenty-four Inohes, assaying $;?0 to $05 gold, besides silver. Another pay streak is trace- able on the surface outside of the tunnel. The Hiawatha, owned by H. C. Niles and Frank Evans, of Snohomish, Is on the cropping at the other side of the falls, where the ledge shows up equally well in a forty-foot tunnel. The Morning Star group of five claims, owned by E. D. Spurr and J. A. Maxwell, and bonded to A. F. Burleigh, has one of the best ledges on the creek, which is covered by three claims, with two others on cross ledges. The main ledge is apparently an extension of the Seventy-six ledge of the Monte Crlsto District, and runs east northeast and wjst southwest across the creek, which cuts it and shows it eighteen feet wide. Tunnels have been Tun on it forty feet on one side and IflO f^ ''t on the jther, showing a pay Streak of over six feet the whole length, carrying galena, copper and iron pyrites which assay $40 to $00, mainly in silver. A tunnel has been run twenty-five feet on the west extension and another twenty feet on the east extensloin. On the second east extension the ledge crops fourteen to twenty- four inches of solid ore, assaying $40 to $00, shown in a twenty-foot tunnel. The Minnehaha ledge dips into this claim from the west, while another cross ledge eighteen to twenty-five inches wide and carrying sulphurets and arsen- ical iron worth $24 dips into the first east extension. On a three and one-half foot ledge parallel with the Morning Star on the north John Wallace, J. A. Cathcart, H. C. Ewlng and M. A. Green have the Cora M., in Which a twenty-foot tunnel showt' eighteen Inches of pay ore, assaying $12 gold. The Hope, south of the east fork of the creek on Hubbart's Peak, Is owned by the Hoi)e Mining and Milling Company, and has a ledge twenty-flve to thirty feet wide, in which a 100-foot tunnel on the footwall shows five feet of Iron and copper sulphides, assaying $i) to $42. A cross-cut has been run eighteen feet from the tunnel towards the hanging wall and another cross-cut of seventy feet tans the ledtre fifty feet bclov/. A valuable group of twelve claims on Edison Gulch, which runs down the side of Silver Tip Mountain, three-quartera of>a mile from Mineral City, is the Edison group, owned by uie Bonanza Mining and SlnelUng Company. Run- ning through the Iconise and two adjoining claims in an east and west course is a ledge ten or twelve feet wide, in wlilch two feet of pay ore are shown in several tunnels aggregating eighty feet, the averatre value being $30 to $40 and the highest assay $1."0 gold. Para'.le! with this, further up the mountain. Is the Edison ledge, covered by three claims, which Is 125 feet wide and contains three streaks of ore three to six feet each, shown by tunnels aggre- gating 200 feet in length. The longest is sixty-eight feet and is being exiended 100 feet further. These streaks show a little free gold in the oxidized iron on the surface and carry sulphides and arsenical Iron, assays of whlf:h average $57 gold, 6 per cent. coi)per and a, liltle silver. A porphyry dike 1.000 feet wide runs diagonally across l)0th the Edison and I^oulse ledges and contains an ore body'150 feet wide, which has been exposed in a cliff !iOO feet high by the sliding of the hanging wall in the gulch. Three cuts have been made across this dike, the deepest being twenty feet, and all are In ore, with no sign of the footwall. The ore is iron and copper pyrites carrying gold and a trace of silver, assays having ranged from $2.50 to $132. A cross-cut Is in thirty-five feet at the base of this ore body to run through It Into the Edison ledge, wfhich It will strike at a depth of 800 to 1,000 feet when it has gone 450 feet further. A contract has been let to run it 500 feet. Lower down the gulch Is the White Rose, on an east and west contact ledge five or six feet wide. MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. ItiK from strt'uk of e face to dy of ore lel. Two 88. Two Inches of -Ittle Lee ter, well ni' opera - tttle, arid ■fiir^e cuts a slightly IS a ledge th a good Mlohaud, ledge of been run 3 a ledge having a xined wall tunnel la renty-four is trace- nohomlsh, shows up and J. A. es on the iss ledgea. Igp of the est across have been Ing a pay t and iron been run n the east to twenty- tot tunnel, ther cross md arsen- tar on the 1 have the f pay ore, :, Is owned ity-flve to s five feet been run ' cross-cut down the Mty, Is the ny. Run- est course ' shown In $;!0 to $40 mountain, wide and els aggre- ? extended ed iron on h average I feet wide )n tains an Igh by the ide across no sign of id a trace thirty-five son ledge, tie 450 feet the gulch feet wide. on which an eighty-five foot tunnel showed an eighteen-inch pay streak of coppf-r iiyrites assaying $12 to $i:0 gyjld and copper, \< th a trace of sliver. A parallel ledge north of the Edison la four feet wld and carries eighteea inches of ore assaying from $10 to $90. A blow-otU I .rty to fifty feet wide BtUl further north maltee a good surfr.ce showing of pyrites, while on the south is a parallel ledge two or three feet wide slmll.ir to the Ivoulse. A rross ledge siven to nine feet wide runs diagonally through two of the Edison ■ ring of claims and two others, then spllt.4 into two pa, is which run parallel IW feet apart l>o the summit of Silver Tip. The undivided ledge Ih shown by & twenty-five foot tunnel, ore from the face assaying $7.40 gold, as against %2 on the surface. In Its course the predominant mineral ciinnges from iron pyrites to copper pyrites, sometimes assaying 25 per cent, copper," with pock, ts of native corper, and carrying about $is gold, the ore being similar to that of Trail Crii k. The company lias a nii'lslte on the creek. The H>g Raymond group of four claims, owned by James C. Spurr and J. A. Maxwell, adjoins tno Rdlson group. Three claims are on the Rig Raymond ledge, wlii li runs ast northeast and west southwest and averages fifty ftet In width, uid though it is broken on the surface the mlntrallzed BtreaUs of ((uartz and-si;ar wh'ch run through It appear to be runnins- together and at depth will probabl.y lead to i solid ore body. Several tunnels have been run, aggregating 550 feet, and itie deepest, sixty feet, was In ore all the way, which assays $2 to $50, while all the ledge matter Is mineralized. One of the tunnels, thlrty-flve feet long, showed ore assaying $4 to $5fi. while another of the same length shows some galena. The fourth chi of the group Is on the Mornlrig Star ledge, which crops iwenty feet wide >nd is opened by a thlrty-fooi 'unnel. The Jui ho, owned by Kdwnrd L. En.-iel and lOdward McDade, is on the southwest extension of the Big Raymond, and has a tunnel 140 feet showing ore all across the face, of which assays have langKi from $G to $140. .A cross- cut Is In sixty feet and will tap the ledge in forty feet more. The northeast extension of the Edison Is the Llda, owned by \V. J, Riley and A. Vermurler. on which a fifteen-foot shaft shows good ore. On a twenty- foot ledge joining the l-'Idlson on the m t thwest W. J. Riley and E. Seronl have the Castle and an exter'slon, where n thirty-foot ti nnel shows four feet of ore assaying $25 gold. b€sldes sbver. The Whnleback. on a southen'^t extension of the Edison ledge, owned by W. J. Riley and Peter Chlodo, has fifteen feet of concentrating ore assaying from $4 lo $10. The Mineral Mountain Mining ni'.l Milling Company has tl-.e TTtulaunted group of four claims on Mineral M .iintain. which rises to the west of the creek, and has projected a main tunnel to cut all the thirteen ledges which vein this peak. On one claim it has two ledges, one five cr six feet wide, with six to thirty-six inches of iron sulphuret ore shown in a thlrty-flv. foot tunnel, assays ranging from $18 to $05 gold. The other ledge Is fifteen i iches wide, with four or five inches of ore. running $30 to $70 gold and silver. (5n another claim is an eight-foot ledge in which are small seams of pyrltlc ore assaying $12 gold. On the Gold Stardnr.l is a ledg(! var.\lng In width from twelve to forty feet, on which an open lut and tunnel fifteen feet deep show seams of pay ore aggregating nowhen- less ttian three feet and assnylni? $12 to $45 gold, besides silver, copper, nickel and cobalt, for which it wajs not assayed. On the Jessie are three ledges ranging from eighteen inches to 8ix feet, of which the iwc smaller ones are undeveloped, but the larger one has eighteen to thirty-six inches of pay ore showing in open cuts and assay- ing $12 to $40 gold. This company Is arranging to begin development in the spring, wltli a view to shipping ore before August, and intends to patent its property. On the extension of the Gold Standard Oliver Blsn^r has the Hancock, where the ledge shows hfteen to thirty feet wide, with seams, of pay ore aggregating eighteen to thirty-six inches and carrying iron and copper sul- phides, with some nickel and cobalt, shown in a forty-foot tunnel. The Gold Fagle group of three claims on Silver Tip Mountain, owned by W. J. Caplin, Willinm Hacker and Stephen Tfolbrook, of Tacoma, is on a ledge sho\. Ing fine-gr.-ilned white Iron sulphides, copper sulphides and gray copper, averaging $12 to $15 gold across the led.ge, and showing the full width of a tunnel 175 fept long. Parallel wltn the Gold Eagle on the northeast is the Last Chance, owned by W. J. Caplin, on a ledge thirty feet wide, in which streaks of copiter and iron sulphides four to twenty-four inches wide, assay- ing $14 gold, are shown In a twenty-foot open cross-cut. The Remonille group ot three claims is on a ledge running up Hnbbart'a Peak and is owned by Peter Chlodo and W. J. Caplin. It is shown three feet wide in a twenty-five foot tunnel and widens on the middle claim to ten feet, assays Kunning about $10 gold. On the Marengo James Peccolo,. A. Peccolo and Peter Hartle have a large ledge of pyrites cut by Silver Creek, and the same parties, with 55. T. Holden. hnve the Delcho on the extension up the mountain. On the Combination, running iown to Silver Creek, Messrs. Riley and Holden, of Seattle, and Hall, of Chicago, have a twenty-four inch ledge with twelve inches of pay ore. Among the discoveries of 189fi in this vlc'nlty Is the St. TiOUls group of four claims by C. S. Gleason, W. W. Glazier, W. P. Rahcock and A. S. Gibbs. They are on a ledge ranging from five to fifteen feet wide running through ^ MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. the granite near the bed of the main creek and up the mountain acroos St. Louis Guloh and the heart of Hancock to the summit of the divide between Hancock and Molybdenum Oulchcs. As It cnls throuKh both the grranlte of the creek bed and the syenite of the mountalr, It Is evidently a true fissure vein of groat stronKth. As It la undeveloped only surface assays have been obtalneu. A pay streak el^ht to twelve Inches on one wall yields $4.13 gold, $3.1)1 sliver, $5.05 copper, and a two-Inch streak lies against the other wall, besides five feet of concentrating ore. J. C. Hubbart and C. S. Qleason have the Blarkstone on a lodge eleven feet wide, which cuts across Hancock Oulch and probably runs Into the St. Louis ledge, surface assays showing 4 ounce* silver, n.9 per cent, copper. The Jasperson, Bullion King and Sigma, which have been relocated by Joseph ('arlgnan, A. P. Mlchaud and J. O. Robinson, are on a ledge In many places as wide as thirty feet, which cuts clean through the mountain and can be traced from the west fork of Silver C^reek over the Sultan and Stllla- guaml.^h divides. The pay streak carries Iron and copjM^r pyrites, carbonates of copper ard galena, assaying from $12 to $138 In gold and silver, with some copper. A tunnel has been run 175 feet to cut under .in outcrop of ore six to eight feet wide where the ledge attains a width of thirty feet, but when In seventy-five feet ran off the pay streak, leaving It to the north. On. the same ledge Is the (lold P.ar group oif three claims, owned by the Gold Bar Mining Company, which will begin development this spring. The Ntitlonnl, now owned by E. Q. Kruoger, has another strong ledge. Which cuts through to the Sultan Divide. The ledge Is really a dike of porphyry fully soventy-five feet wide, all slightly mineralized, with a pay streak of talc ciirrylng iron nnd copper pyrites and carbonates of copper three to three and one-half feet wii^e. assays of which average about $35 gold and silver. The talc along the footwall assays $18 go'd and silver, and the richer strenks one to three Inches wide run $300 and more. A cross-cut has been run fifty-six feet from the cropping to the pay streak on the footwall, and a tunnel was then run 185 feet on the pay streak, showing ore all the way. Above this tunnel three distinct veins of ore can be traced, coming- togther In the dike. On the exten.>?lon of the National down to the west fork of Silver Creek Is the Diamond Hitch, owned by E. G. Krueger, Jasper Compton and H. A. Noble, Oi Seattle. A tunnel has been run forty-flve feet on a three or four inch stringer to the ledge. On extensions of the National ledge J. O. Robinson has the Mllke Maru ■and J. J. Hill. He has run two tunnels, twenty and fifty feet, showing four- teen to forty-eight Inches of Iron and eopper pyrltefl, which assay $17 gold, 4 ounces sliver, 3 per cent, copper. On a four-foot ledge parallel with the Jim Hill the Treasure Mining Com- pnnv li;q the Treasure Box and Horseshoe, on which a pixteen-foot tunnel 1=1 • • tvht Inches of ore nssaylng $17 to $27 gold, besides considerable copper. '" a ledge parallel with the National, which crops out eight to ten feet 'A'Mc nd carries Iron pyrites, George Probst, of Seattle, has the Wllen and -Mil on which he has driven a cross-cut tunnel sixty feet, and expects to tar the ledge In another twenty feet. The Webster, relocation of the old Trade Dollar, and Its extension are ■>v ned by Messrs. Krueger, Compton and Noble. The ledge has not beeii •U'flncd, but a tunnel eighty feet on the footwall shows twenty-three Inches ■)f ore carrying steel galena and gold, which assays $45 gold, $8 silver, besldts ■ ead. The pay streak pinched out for a few feet, but has since come In again IS wide as ever. On the extension of the Webster ledge W. E. Smith, of Seattle, has the Gipsy Queen, on which there is a twenty-foot tunnel. On the extension of the Anna ledge Joseph Carlgnan has the Lucky Joe, With six to twelve Inches of pay ore carrying about $30 gold. On the west side of the creek A. J. Maxwell and James Spurr have the Ben Butler on a twelve to fifteen fooi ledge, with pay streaks aggregating twelve to thirty Inches, on which they navo a tunnel sixty feet. On the same ledge H. H. Lewis artd W. E. Ledgerwood, of Seattle, have patented the Emma Bess, running up Hancock Gulch, on which there are two tunnels twenty-five and thirty feet. On Stralght-up Gulch is a series of ledges thi "^e to twelve feet wide, on -which the principal group Is the Crown Point of ■'Ixteen claims owned by E. J. Loyhed and Floyd Clark, of Seattle, and John t-'tretch, of Munroe. On ■the Crawford claim they have driven a tunnel sixty feet on a twelve-fuot ledge of pyrltic ore carrying some galena. On the v est side of the creek, opposite Stralght-up Gulch. Is the Red Cloud group c? three claims, owned by the Red Cloud Mining Company. All the claims i re on a ledge four to six feet wide, with a pay streak of pyrites three to nine Inches and a vein of load carbonates. A tunnel has been driven sixty feet on the Red Cloud. L. L. Johnson has the jim Dandy group of six claliTr wall, son have ck Oulch ounces rated by In many :\ 11(1 can .1 Stllla- RunnlnK up frbm the east bank of Silver Creek Is the Bluff Kroup of flv* claims, held by A. P. Mtchaud and A. W. Hawka. One haa a four-foot ledK» with a two-Inch pay atroak carrying gold and copper. Another twenty feet wide has a four-Inch pay streak of white Iron ore, shown In a twenty-foot tunnel. The whole ledge Is mineralized and gave an average assay of $7. 50" gold, besldea some cojtpt'r. The remaining claim Is on a parallel Unlee to the south, of whi.'h the crojiplngs run well In copper and carry galena, and a short tunnel shows ore the full width. On tl.e west side of the creek A. P. MIchaud and Eugene (.'hevrette have the M. ^r H. No. 2 and an extension oiv the Bluff ledge, with pay atreaka eighteen Inches on the footwall and fourteen Inches on the hanging wall, assaying $24 gold, besides silver and copper. They also have the Last Dollar on the west e-vtenslon of another of the Bluff ledges, the ten-Inch pay streak assaying $18 gold and 7 per c nt. copper. Below this group, on the west side of the creek, la the Billy Lee group of five claims, owned by the silver Creek, Snohomish and Port Gardner MInlnjf Company. Two claims are on a ledge about nine feet wide, with a slxteen- Inch pay streak of Iron pyrites showing In a 1.'>l-foot tunnel, assays of which- have ranged all the way from $10 to $210. The other three claims are oi> parallel ledges. On another :,dge parallel with these and as wide as forty feet JoV) Fields haa the Rut>' King, on w.ich he nas driven a tunnel sixty feet and a cross-cut twenty fi^et, all In whue Iron and copper ore, which averages $;iO gold. Mr. Fields, with others, has an elght-fnot lodge with a twenty-four Inch pay streak of similar ore on the Sliver Slipper, which has been tapped by a forty- foot tunnel. Assays of the pay streak rur as hleh as $80 gold. Messrs. Northriip and Pa'.rl(>ks, of Snohomish, have the Gold Boy on a ledge sixteen feet wide, on which n twenty-foot tunnel shows two feet of pay ore averaglnsr $16 gold. On the west extension of this ledge .John McQloyne and others have the Jamboree, on which a twenty-foot tunnel and a shaft twenty feet deep show four feet of pay ore. Thp Van'dalla group on Cascade Gulch, consisting of five claims, is one of the few groups In which silver Is the chief value. The claims are on a series of ledges nut by tue gulch, where the outcrops show plainly. The Vandalia ledge la twenty feet wide on the lace of the mountain and Is all slightly mineralized, with a pay streak ranping from six to eighteen Inches and occasionally widening to three feet, cirrylng galena, carbonates and aulphureta which assay $'»0 In gold, silver and learf* A mill test gave $27 for all values over freight and treatment. A fhaft has been sunk seventy-five feet Oil the ledge and from It two levels have been run, eighty and ninety feet, to the open air on the side of the gulch. Another tunnel was run forty-five feet to tap the ledge and then runa along It for 220 feet more. At a point 100 feet deeper a croaa-cnt tunnel haa been run 355 feet, tapping the flrat ledge at a depth of 700 feet and showing It two to three feet wide. When extended ID* feet further It will tap the next ledge at a depth of 1.250 ffeet, and the others at greater depth ranging up to 3,000 feet. There are 100 tons of ore on ther dump, 200 tons having been washed down the creek by a flood In 1894, and IE Is estimated that there are 19.500 tons In sight averaging $20 over freight an* treatment. The owners "re P. L. Leslie, Edward Blewett, F. A. McDonalcl and H. A. Noble. On a ledge about twenty feet wide opposite the Lockwood Gulch A. P. MIchaud and A. W. Hawka have the Texas group of five clalma, extending across the creek. On the east end there are a twenty-foot tunnel and a thirty-foot open cut showing a four-foot pay streak carrying white Iron an* running high in gold. On another claim an open cut forty feet along th& ledge shows six or seven ore veins about two Inches wide, which assay from $46 to $363 gold and a trace of silver, and ten Inches of talc which averages 120 gold. On the east side of the creek are the Beatrice and Sunset, owned by M. A. Green, H. T. Hannon and R. M. Crawford, on which is a twenty-foot ledge showing In a sixty-foot tunnel from three to Six feet of decomposed quartz, which carries galena and lead carbonates and assays as high as $80 gold and Bll/er. Mr. Crawford's Interest has been bondej $70 gold and as" high aa $60 silver, the average being at least $20 for both values. Two claims are on an eight-foot cross ledge running into the main ledge from the west. In which an elghtocn-inch pay streak carries 90 to 168 ounces sliver and $8 gold, while the other claims arf, on small sp 'rs. The Coron.u group of two claims is on a flat ledge half way up th« mountain, near the head of the ?f iSdie fork, and is owned by A. C Lincoln. A. L. Wallera and Ij. Ji. Parsons, all of Seattle. On the surface it had a pay streak carrying gold and V)roroide of silver, one specimen of which assayed 5,000 ounces silver, while the lowest assay was $60 silver, and the gold vulue ran as high as ?22. In a sixty- five 'foot tunnel the ledge has widened to six Jfeet and the pay streak to three feet, but the value is not as high as near the surface. one .qnd one-half miles above the Daisy vei claims, owned by J. N. Scott, William lett. Three claims are on a ledge capped between granite and slate walls. It has Beveral streak.y. throe to eighteen Inches wide, of arsenical iron and sulphides, assays of which run from $8 to $56 gold, a little sliver and 2 to 3 per cent, capper. A cross-cut has been run twenty feet Into the ledge and will go through It in ten feet more. On another ledge about five feet wide, with eight to ten Inches of Iron sulpnurets, are two more claims, and on a ten-foot ledg* carrying sulphurets throughout are the two other claims. On L..0 west side of the basin. froup, is the Great Scott group of " tennlson and A. W. Hawks, of • ,' with iron, twenty to forty feet w y, ... ghlin and f concen- . shows a lUel ledga nei shows ing Com- ihide ore. ite walls, and one- her crops oot shaft ten tons and in a ena City, ghiy-foot ve copper ?lng- from t'teen-foot ling Com- tlie creek hirty-foot -Icopyrite. eet below venty-rive feet wide, : $30. On )per value jw ounces ena, J. J. foot ledga hides and ay Eagle, /e a ledge hirty-foot rest bank, he Editor as shown ; into the two miles discovery, the hea.d, ss ledges, n most of on. H, G. )f Seattle, re ranging n stripped renty-four ches is on )ni two to iaks v/hen tu 170 gold Lh values, edge from ices sliver ly up th« \ Lincoln, had a pay h assayed Efold value ned to six h as near the Daisy t, William ge capped la. Tt has sulphides, per cent, id will go with eight ■foot leog* -:i-i«rf'^ jSKkiaritttiiLrflaMlf '(;*'*» i ^ i wiywu i iini ' r^.mimmmwmmmxarsvv^a* » SILVER CREf SNOHOMISttSCOUNtY. WASHmfi£|»aniiiw.»' ^mmmmn R CREEK INDEX TO NUMBERED CUdKS P 1. Kmma Miy>n>. 2. Jenuit- 1). HOMIS||I?COiJNTY. Sonth of Minernl City 1. Bed Ciond. 2. Cleveland. 3. PorMund 4. St Pftnl. 5. Bluff. 6. Keward. 7. A. P. A. 8. StmstiiRiv 9. Crown Point 10, Crawford. U. Jim Dandy. 12. Silver Slipper. 13. Kadger. 14. Billy to. 15. Ellen. 16. Ruby King. 17. Era. la Transfer. 19. Vaudallia. .2a Blue Bird. 21. Idaho. 22. Oretctien 23. Warwick. 2'L Lock^ood Oronp. 2E, Teiaa 26. Sunset 27. Mayflower. 28. editor. 20. Anaconda. 30. Xichigan. ' L Nest Egg. 32, Olympia. 33. P.-I. S4. Grey Kajfle. 35. McKinley 36. Maud. 37. Oroflno. 38. King Bee, 39. Everj?reen. 40. Diamond. <^^ CypiM-r Voeen. 9CA! S Of MILW> •■TajctruPtJi 3. Orphan hoy 4. Stockton. 5. Dutihmau. 6. Q. T. 7. Wildcat 3. Little Lee. 9. Wild Woisbmaa 10. CoBDiopolitan. 11. 0.4. B. 12. Bingo. 13. F. KDuvw 14. Otsego. 15. Lady of the Lak«. 16. Leater. 17. Silver I'ip. 18. Lakeview. 1!(. Edith 20. Edn;i. 21. Siver Lake. 22. Mascotte. •=!3. Zeta. ■ii. Rainbow. 25. Boston. 26. Llilie (i. 27. Hettie, 28: Jnmbo. 29. Edison. 30. yda. 31. Looise. 32. Homeward Bound. 33. Gold Bar. 34. Little Diamond. 35. Billy Goat m. Jim HUl. 37. .Miike Maru. 38. Horseshoe. 39. Trea.sure Boi. 40. .lasperson. 41. C. R. ft M. 42. Signia. 43. .Tessie. 44. National. 45. Diamond Hitch. 46. Barney Barnato. 47. Gold Stjindard. 48. Hancock. 49. White Pine 50. Alki. 51. EUa. 52. Gypsy Qnceu. 53. Daniel Webater, 64, Alice. 65. Katie. 56, Hard Pan. 57. Sultan. 68. Grao! 59. Anna. 60. Lucky Joe. 01. Hnbbart 62. Emma Boos. 63. Ben Botlei^ 64. Aalilaud, 65. Jouft 66. BlMJay. 67. Ofcjton. 68. St Loiiia. 69 White Hoonf 70. Blackstoue. "1 yooen. . 72. LnekvBoy 73. Hurqjitg 8tar 74. !;etti» g. 76. Job. 7C. Monarch. 77. SilV'T OtieiD. 78. Hid'S.ii Wealth. 79. Colorad.) 80. Last Chance. 81. Mountain BeAui>- 82. Gold Kngle. 83. Sew StriPa 84. Jfortonat*. 85. Harrv Loe. 80. Minr.eh»iifu 90. Paorift m Hope. 92 Liifky fiunsSf*;, 93. Cera M. m. Trirasipb. 05. LfjjtMope. (W. EaA^oiiiie. ill. Groat ISeott »fl, Coruua. J9 DwBy. ,rvmm»*mm»m ,.iS5.'«sSri!'ii**.t ftSas ivb?ivi?i*):i*,sfiiS»ii«fe!»^3as.-iaa The sai to Salmon from the e A. D. Aust and carryl others are The gr rout i Is n structed li syndicate Galena, a following- 1 *!ng-lneerin a river bai and the tii road woul( and woulc traffic. j^ ■t' V 6 a c t: t< In grot districts, t most west< ern and s boundary carry it al sessos the Seattle on one goes b by hand, a further ur iiino miles to the hea north side at Salmon and goes Y Beekler R Seattle, an Ing both tl Is only thi] at Tacoma The fo Brained tr metamorp Index alo: of diorite slate rock minerallzie with a n i^reat size another, nro ledges nite, gray fissures, a por-bearin pyritic ore Creek cop. led- some c posits of 1 until last j of these o taken witi Howar from the : Immediate Co-operati of these ii phide ore, the way. feet of fh^ walls, is galena an( run a cro! and 400 fet MINING IN THK PACIFiC NORTHWEST. U The same mineral belt has also been traced across the Silver Creek Divide to Salmon Creek on the west. On Dominion Gulch running into Salmon Creek from the east, Is the Dominion group of seven clainis, owned by J. J. Shcehan, A. D. Austin and A. P. Michauu. Four of these are on a ledge three feet wide and carrying galena ore, which r\ins northwest and southeast, and the throe others are on a parallel ledge of the same size and carrying similar ore. The great need of this district is railroad transportation, for which the rout i Is not difficult, and there is some prospect that a road may be con- structed In the next two years. A survey was made in the fall of 1896 by a syndicate Interested In the district for a narrO'W gauge line from Index to Galena, a distance of nine miles, and to the Troublesome, two miles beyond, following- the valley of the North Skykomlsh as closely as possible. The only *ingineerlng difficulties would be two blue cl.ay cuts and some cribbing alongf a river bar half a mile long, thn only rock work being on a hill near Galena, and the timber along the right of way being ample for construction. Such a road would also tap the rich copper belt in the Index Range across the river and would so stimulate development that it should soon have a lucrative traffic. INDEX. In grouping the unorganized mining country of the Cascade Range Into districts, tliat section lying in the lofty spur of which Mount Index Is the most westerly peak and the two forks of the Skykomish River are the north- ern and southern boundaries, is naturally sot off by Itself. The eastern boundary remains undetermined, though later discoveries will probably carry it along the main divide of the range, The district is compact, pos- sesses the same general characteristics and Is easily accessible. Leaving Seattle on the Great Northern train and going to Index, seventy-one mllea, one goes by road five miles up the north fork, crosses by a cable ferry worked by hand, and travels by trail four miles up Trout Creek; or g«es two miles further up tne south bank and up Lost Creek; or proceeds along the road nine miles to Galena and there crosses by ferry and goes by trail four miles to the head of Howard Creek. These are tVie routes to the prop, rties on the north side of the range. In order to reach Eagle Creek, one leaves the train at Salmon Station, seventy-seven miles from Seattle, crosses the south fork ind goes by trail eight miles, almost to the head of the creek. In going up Beckler River, one leaves the train at Skykomlsh, eighty-five miles from Seattle, and goes three miles by wagon road and eleven miles by trail, cross- ing both the south fork of the Skykomlsh and Beckler River. Index Station Is only thirty-eight miles from the smelter at Everett and IC© miles from that at Tacoma, The formation of this district is metamorphlc granite diked with fine- grained trap and conglomerate, and overlaid with magneslan limestone and metamorphlc slates. Extending along the backbone of the range from Mount Index along the course of Trout Creek Is a geologic fold, where a belt of dlorite has, been thrust through the metamori' io ft rmation of schist, slate rock and quartzite and has formed a line of ' ity peaks. A series of mineralized ledges cuts this form&tion in a northw ; st and southeast course with a number of cross ledges running north and south, generally of great size and strength, traceable through the mountains from one creek to another. In the primary rocks, apparently in contact with lime and slate, are ledges carrying iron sulphides, ohalcopyrite, copper In the form of bor- nite, gray copper and some red and black oxide of copper, while in true fissures, also in the primary rocks, ai'e ledges carrying free gold. The cop- per-bearing ledges are generally capped with Iron, like those of the belt of pyritlc ores in British Columbia and the Colville Reservation, and on Trout Creek copper is found in association with specular iron. The Iron capping led some of the early discoverers to Imagine that they had found large de- posits of iron ore and for lack of thorough prospecting this error prevailed until last year, as It did on Money Creek and on the Skagit. The true nature of these ores has now been made plain and development has been under- taken with commendable vigor on several properties. Howard Creek rises in Howard Lake and flows generally northward from the Index range into the ncrtii foik, in a course of about four miles. Immediately below the lake it cuts a system of parallel ledges, on wliich thq Co-operative Minijig Syndicate has the Howard group of eleven claims. One of these is porphyritic quartz carrying sixteen feet of clean solid Iron sul- phide ore, which assays $7 to $120 gold. A sixteen-foot tunnel is In oro all the way. On the same string of claims is a parallel ledge carrying eight foot of the same kind of ore. A lower parallel ledge, lorty feet between walls, is well mineralized with Iron and copper sulphides, gray copper, galena and zinc and has been traced for over four miles. It la intended to run a cross-cut this year which will give a depth of 100 feet on- this ledge and 400 feet on the sixteen-foot ledge. MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. The Copper group of four claims Is on a ledfre of black quartz 100 feet Vide, Identical in formation with the Silver King at Nelson, B. C, and the 'Coney In New Mtxico. It shows streaks of bornlte widening at frequent Intervals into large botlles, which carry about 30 per cent, copper and some «rold and sliver, twenty-four inc'hcs of solid bornlte taken from one point having carried $147 in all values. This group, together with the Howard group, has been bonded by the Co-operative Mining Syndicate for |15,000. with the condition that development is to be prosecuted continuously. The Black Hawk group of four claims, owned by the Black Hawk Mining and Concentrating Co., runs down the west slope of Iron Mountain to the creek, one and one-half miles above its mouth, on two parallel ledges capped ■with iron and carrying gold-bearing iron and copper pyrites. One is eighteen to twenty feet wide and has an elghteen-inch pay streak in the center. Shown in a ten-foot cut. This cut Is to be extended by a 200-foot tunnel, for which a contract has been let to VV. F. Chadbourne, and after the completion of which patents will be secured. The second ledge is seven to edglit feet wide and has six to eight inches of pay ore. Shipments will begin as soon aa the road is repaired. The Iron Mountain group of six claims, owned by the Iron Mountain Con- solidated Gold and Cop))er Mining Company, is on a supposed extension of the Copper group ledge within a mile of the west bank of the North Skykomlsh River. There is a series of six well-detlned ledges with several stringers which have been traced four miles east and west. They range from four to ten feet in width and carry ore similar to that of the Black Hawk group, though one shows free gold on the surface. Open cuts have been made ten feet deep on each ledge, and a contract has been let to W. F. Chadbourne for 150 feet of tunnel, most of it to be on one ledge, with the intention of securing patents Immediately. A tramway will be btlilt to the road and shipping begin as soon as the latter can be repaired. Across the creek from the lion Mountain group la the Commercial group of two claims, owned by J. A. Cathcart, H. C. Ewlng, M. A. Green and John Wallace on a ledge of iron and copper pyrites and chalcopyrite four feet between walls, which has been traced about 600 feet on the surface, where it assays $15 to $20 gold and copper. On the west side of Iron Mountain, sloping down to Lost Creek, the Lost Creek Mining Company has three claims on a ledge which follows the same course as the Iron Mountain group. The locations were made in 1895 by Peter Rucker, who mistook the deposits for iron ore In consequence of the iron capping, and sold tliem to N. Rudebeck as such. Their true char- acter was discovered in 1896, when they were acquired by th§ company. The ledge is shown by a fair amount of surface work to be twenty feet wld» and carries copper pyrites, a mill test of which showed 16 8-10 per cent, copper. The ore makes 43 per cent, concentrates, v/hich assayed 26 per cent, copper. This sample was taken from the foot of the bluft. Into which a fifty-foot tunnel is being run. The same company has two claims on th» right bank df the north Skykomish, four and one-half miles from Index, on a similar ledge four feet wide. In a basin within a mile of the head of the west fork of Trout Creek and on the mountains on its left bank is the Copper group of twenty-six claims, owned by Col. Benjamin R. Townsend and Andrew Merchftnt. Running diagonally across the valley below the basin, including Merchant's peak and showing at the base of Headquarters peak. Is the belt of sedimentary rock tn which occurs the geologic fold already mentioned. In the schistose formation is a series cf contact ledges running north and south and in the dlorlte occur a series of east and west ledges, which are in true fissures. The two principal groups of claims are on the contact, the ore bodies in which are rich in chalcopyrite and carry gold and silver. The group lying in or near Copper Gulch, which scores the face of the rjdge between Quartzite and Headquarters Peaks, Is composed of five claims. The main ledge belongs to the north and south series, though its course is northwest and southeast, and is about 100 feet wide, crossing the gulch near Its head. The north end of the ore body occurs along the contact. It out-^ crops in the gulch, where the twin falls unite upon it, and on one side shows up a rich ore body five or six feet wide at a point .300 feet above the bed of the gulch, where it assays over 20 per cent, copper. Adjoining this rich r^iW^*^ "^^^^ ^?^^-?** '".^^F ?^'^^^ "'■e- On the other side of tlie gulch is ftf^l^^^°J ^'^^ nearly 2o0 feet high and in the bed and in the slide at the foot SL'k®/"'*^'V®, Pl"''^/'"''' '^^ chalcopyrite which have been broken from the h«^^ 1,/a 'r^*^ ^^''']' ^'°?;? are wortli many thousands of dollars. This ore ?lfl1m« if^3n'i ^^^'?^,^^^.° ^^ per cent, copper, and on It are located three claims. Running up the Copper Gulch from its mouth is another body of fnto^'u^J/'. n TJ'L'lTJl^^''''^, V'^^''' J^*"' ^ ^P"'- twelve feet Wide! running mto it at an acute angle, which has been shown up by a thirty-foot tunnel Sicriid^e'^^nT" "?f. wr" ?'^-'^ on Quartzite ^eak, and shoring up^ok each side and ir. the !x)ttom. is an ore Ix^dy at least fifteen feet wide, which Is probably on the same contact with that in Copper Gulch and on which are two claims. This ore body l.s all ciialcopyrite very rirh In eoppe^ and carrying silver and gold. An east and west ledge n rtrue flssureX dior le runs up Lost Treasure Gulch, on the side of HeldqSarters Peak, Ind s cov- tz 100 feet ., and the : frequent and some one point 3 Howard :or $15,000, isly. I'k Mining lin to the es capped i eighteen le center, unnel, for ompletlon elglit feet n as soon tain Con- Ion of the kykomlsh stringers m four to vk group, made ten Kiurne for f securing 3lng begin ilal group and John four feet where it reek, the Hows the tie in 1893 luence of rue char- company, feet wide per cent, per cent, which a )s on the [ndex, on 'reek and X claims, Running peak an<3 ary rock schistose id in the Assures, bodies In ^e of the e claims, course Is ilch near It out- (le shows le bed of this rich : gulch is the foot from the This ore ted three body of running t tunnel, ig up on le, which >n which 3Per and n dlorlte d is cov- i«"t« IN TM rMna mmnmm. I i I - 4 HUtV i «>i-U,>. ViSx'Ai:tlKi. Li*T CRMK Cann lii!;<» On)^^ Ml ?li MINING IN THK PACIFIC NORTHWEST. M ered by three clalmH. The Irdge Is trn to twelve fopt wide at the surface, and a tunnel has been run on It forty-five feet In chalcopyrlte and Iron pyrites ore, assayinK ti to 15 prr cent, copper and four to sixteen ounces silver. An outcrop of another ledge twelve or thirteen feet wide has recently been found parallel with it. Further down the creek are three claims on two east and west ledges of specular iron, carryiniif silvrr and copper, fifteen feet and twenty to thirty feet wide. On those two ledges tvnnels have been run fifty and seventy feet. A parallel ledge of the panie kind of ore crops out to a width of at least flftocn fe» t, ns-says showing 7 to 8 per cent, copper. Another parallel ledge of great width and In some places cropping out to a width of forty feet, is shown up iiy a gdod dtal of suiface work. A fourth parallel, fourteen feet wide, carrying iron pyrites. Is covered l)y two claims and is shown up by a fifty-foot tunnel. The other claims cover ledges of less size and value, aa well as the water power of the north fork of the creek, which has a fall of 250 feet to the mile. Mr. Merchant's half Interest in this property Is under bond to M. E. Downs. One of the natural curiosities of the district is a natural tunnel In the basin near the head of Kagle Creek, on the Golden Tunnel group of four claims, owned by Pc nry Olsen and C. J. Ingram, ( f Skykond.«h. On this group are three parallel ledpes out ny the cveek, one of which has been prospected by nature in a peculiar manner. A tunnel sixty-five feet long, fifteen feet high and twenty feet wide was found to run through a porphyry dike almost straight, Into the mountain and on the roof and walls are streaks of high frade copper pyrltis in large crystals carrying gold and silver. On the sur- ace above this tunnel are a number of stringers of mineral from one to twelve inches wide which appear to be running together. The natural tunnel has been extended eighteen feet on a two-Inch streak wnicii carries fM gold, 85 per cent, copper. One of the other ledges is eight feet with an eight to ten-Inch rny streak carrying U) per cent, copper, $8 gold, |8 stiver, shown up by a twenty-eight foot tunnel. The other ledge is about ten feet in a small shaft. Cropping to a width of 2.^0 feet up the side of a mountain, twelve miles above the mouth of Becklor River and four miles east of the Coppn^r group on Trout Creek is a prent eonper ledge dl.acov( red In the fall of 189r) bv J. Frank Bleakle;, and Charles Shepp, who have the Anaconda group of four claims on it. This ledge Is cut and exposed liy the river and luis been traced for 3,000 feet In a north and south course, pitching slightly to the west. It Is in a contact between r'orphyry .-ind slate anel carries chalcopyrlte and cop- per pyrites, with bunches of hornite mixed with porphyry, spar and quartz stringers, and is pronounced by men familiar with the ore of Anaconda, Mont., to be exactly like it. Three tunnels have been run from the foot wall to cross-cut the ledge, one of them being in thirty feet, and assays run from 5 to 32 per cent, copper, five to eleven ounces silver. Development is already in progress by Lot Wilbur and others of Snohomish, on the recently discovered Pride of Index group of two claims, near the base of West Index, one mile from the Great Northern Railroad and two miles due south of the town of Index. The ledge runs through a small mountain north of West Index and crops from twelve to twenty feet wide, beinpr traceable VOO to 800 feet en the surface. A tunnel was started on the ledge and showed eight feet of mineralized ledge matter, but as it gave too little depth a new tunnel was started on the hanging wail 200 feet below. This ran through slide rock for the first twenty-one feet, but for the next twenty feet has been in the solid ledge, showing chalcopyrlte across the whole face, with bunches of hornite all through and with mineral also on the walls. Th^re is a pay streak of four- teen inches of solid chalcopyrlte, which assayed 38H per cent, copper, $4 gold, 129.90 silver, a total value of $112.10. A test carload shipment will be made in June. Two miles south of Index, on a small stream running Into the main Sky- komlsh river, is the Alpha group of three claims, owned by the Alpha Gold & Copper Mining Company. One ledge, on which are two claims, generally follows the course of the stream and has been uncovered by it for several hundred feet. It is twenty feet wide, heavily mineralized with iron pyrites on the surface, the ore in places being, almost solid and assaying $5 to .$6 gold and copper. The indications are, however, that, as depth is gained, copper will preeloniinnte. The third claim Is on a fortv-foot cross ledge running re right angles to the first and containing concentrating iron pyrites for its entire width. Both ledges can be opened by tunnels at great depth, the upper end of the property being 2.000 feet above the lower, and a bucket tramway two miles long would transport the ore to the railroad. A recent diFcovery of the same kind of ore was made by A. W. McRee and the late Bud McRee three miles west of Index and one-quarter mile north of the Great Northern Railroad. Three claims were taken on a series of parallel ledges of copper ore of great size, surface specimens of which assayed $15 gold and copper. < - mmmmmmaaams.. n MINING IN THE PACIFIC NuRTHWEST. MILLER RIVEB. Although the people of Seattle are too broad-minded and energrotlc to con line their efforts to the develoi)ment of the mlniiit^ OlHtrlcts of llieli- own <'ounty, ino dlHtrlft Uialned by the streams flowing nortViward Into the Sky- komlsh south fork has a peculiar Interest for them, for it is close to their home and in King county. To arrive at it, they have only to take the spur, sufficient to pay Its cost, is designed to cross-cut the main ledges, the first of which it will tap 800 feet further at a depth of 800 feet, the second 150 feet further still at a depth of about 1.000 feet and the third 300 f-^et further at a depth of 1.200 feet, wlille a further extension under the highest point will give a d-'pth of 2,'/00 feet. The company Is putting In a larger drill to work in the hard rock av.d intends to use the smaller ones for soft rock and stoping. Twenty men are employed on double shift. IST. -rh and energotlc to lic-ts f>f Liieir own arci Into the Sky- t Is close to their only to take the then go by road d of Miller River, sh Is distant ilfty- Tacoma snaelter. d permanenoe of inrnamo driven by a ;ed to a motor In )y telephone. The after being supple- continued the tun- eet it cut a second feet long, carry- 1 granite horse, It feet wide between good bodies of ore ci'oss-cut the main L depth of 800 feet, feet and the third stension under the my is puttinfr in a le smaller ones for bio shift Rail Tral Siimi MI 1. Mo 12.11c [3. a :>. Bel 6. U\ 1 7. W, 18. Ja |9. M( Bl Hi Mc Ca £a CI Qt Be Gi i« W Se A( Li CI Mi Bl U, (k C( -T :?; ^k ) I'V: ■ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I tii |2^ |2.5 |5o ■^" mWM U£ 1^ 12.2 2.0 1.8 1.25 nil 1.4 IIIIII.6 V] '/ M HiotDgraphic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 kT^^ '/. e ^ ^u*^ »j ^M n. < i f m Uk " ^-T'- - niller IRIver, Hoiniey Creek and If ti Bifleea Vista, KINO COUNTY, WASHINGTON. Railways.: Wagtm Road)*.; Trails. Summit liwK INDEX TO NUMBEMEO CUIUS. f: 12. 113. (14. m. lie. u. MILLER RIVER. Hona MoKiiiley. Lynn. Belle. liittie Una. War Eagle. Jay Hawker. Monntain Lion. Blncher. Hif^hlander. Mountain Goat CaptAin Easter. Clara K. Great Nortllenk BobtaU. Grand Central Le Roy. v^ashini^toa. Seait?a Ace8 Up. Lncky Jim. Cleopatra Groof, UinnecadoM. Baltimoro. U.P. Condor. CoaejGrevp. MONEY CREEK. 1. Red Coat 2. Chicago 3. Pinto. 4. San Franeiscoi 5. Apex. 6. Damon and Pytiilas, TOLT RIVER. 1. Black Chief: 2. Mammoth. 3. Baltimore. i. Lady Bella NORTH FORK SN0QU4LMIE. I. Fletcher WebatM*. 1 Red Clond. 3. North Fork. 4. Betsy Rosa. 6; Paradise. 6(. Monitor. 7. Copper Qneea. 8. Banker HllL 9. lllihois. 10. West Virginia. II, Bay View, U. ilUanoa. SCALE OF MILfiS «n i^^:l>ACi|Hi^«i*«M>MiAi|f ' •^iiTWWt mm mm mmf ■iM(>n ^i.^m'^eMin tiii& { W j:!*;r ■»i;"i; ■!«!-• > .-•-' 1(1/ j5^»Ah- /< l»>i'; MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. n The Brooklyn gro^ip of thirteen claims, owned by Andrew Hemrlch, D. N. Baxter, George A. Pratt and Dexter T. Sapp, Is on two ledges twenty-flv© and ten feet wide, traceable along a canyon which runs into the basin front the west and extending over the summit. They show on the surface streaks of high grade ore two and four feet wide, with smaller streaks through the gangue. The ore is Iron and copper sulphides carrying 8 to 12 per cent, copper, 110 to $20 gold and silver On eastward extensions of the Coney Basin ledges is the Tornado groui> of three claims, owned by Frank Campbell and George M. Bonney, showing pay streaks six to twelve inches wide, on which a shaft is going down- and tunnels pre being run. The property next in rank to the Ccney, so far as active development Is concerned, is the Cleopatra gioup of three claims on the King Solomon Basin, owned by the Cleopatra Mining Company. The three claims are on one ledge, which crops to a width of forty feet between the perpendicular granite walls of a gorge wnich cu\s the basin clear over the summit, the walls, which are 150 to 200 feet high, making its course clearly traceable. On th» hanging wall an ore chute Is ex^josed five feet wide and at least thirty feet long, carrying antimnnial silver chlorides of silver and gray copper ore, an aver.age sample of which assay d 368 ounces silver, $10 gold. There are sev- eral other pay streaks assaying $35, $46 and $107 gold and silver, and the whol» ledge la will enough mineralized with iron sulphurets to pay for concentra- tion. A cross-cut has been run 129 feet, striking a stringer which runs into the ore chute. The tunnel was then turned to follow this stringer, which showed streaks of galena and .sulphides in all the seams of the ledge matter, and ran along it for 299 feet, when all the stringers ran together in a streak of ore two to three feet thick and the tunnel pierced the hanging wall of the ledge, with quartz carrying streaks of sulphurets and gray copper in th» face. The ore in the feeder was left in the tunnel wall and drifting is being; continued for twenty feet on the ledge before cross-cutting to the foot wall. In which the ore chute crops. An assay of one stringer ran 581 ounces silver, flO gold; another of gray copper carried 45 ounces silver and $6 gold; whila the quartz in the ledge proper carried $7 gold in sulphurets, but no silver. On extensions on the Cleopatra group down the mountain and on parallel ledges the Miller River Mining Company has seven claims, located In the fall of 1896. Work was continuecl until wlnt r and will be resumed in iiie spring. Three tunnels were driven about fifteen feet each, one showing two feet of ore which assayed $10 to $70 gold and silver in gray copper, sulphides and a little galena; another showing a twelve-foot ledge carrying streaks of ore which assay $16 to $66. The Cleopatra ledge is paralleled in another similar gorge by a seven-foot ledge which runs into it near the summit, and by a third on five feet of ore. George A. Pratt and F. D. McNaughton having the Cataract group of three claims on them. The two Unicom claims, owned by 8. J. Marquis and Albro Gardner, Jr., are on a ledge ranging from six to eight feet wide, carrying sulphides ana Sray copper, which has been traced half a mile up the Cleopatra Basin, while Mr. Marquis has the Sphinx on another twenty feet wide and the Ironsides on one of twelve feet, all of similar character. Oi>. the summit of the Cleopatra basin and extending down 90th liie Sno- qualmie and Miller Tciver sides of the ridge, Dr. L. M. Lessey and A. 8. Nickerson hav^ the Romeo groufi of seven claims. One of these is 'on the Cleopatra ledge, with as good a surface showing as that property, unsaying 187 gold and silver in gray copper, galena and antimonial silver. Two more are on a parallel fifteen foot ledge with numerous feeders running into it. The other four are on a ledge of the same character traced from the snmmit down to the base of the ridge, an open cut showing It to widen from eight to ten feet with only plight depth. To the east of the Cleopatra Basin Is a forty-foot ledge of porphyritic quartz and spar between walls of granite and dtorlte, showing six feet of copper sulphides and white iron, on which T. F. Townsley and J. W. Perkins have the Etta. On the summit of the basin T. A. Woodworth and Al Eurich have the King David on a ledge of dulphide ore which crops eight feet wide. These are recent discoveries which there has been no opportunity to develop. A ledge which promises to be as rich as the Cleopatra, though with less showing, is cut by King Solomon Creek a little below the Cleopatra Badiu and is held by the Sunday and another claim of W. L. Sanders. E. B. Palmer and H. S. Phlnney. On the surface It showed several streaks of gray copper and antimonial silver broken by granite horses and assaying 50 to 77 ounces silver, $10 to $16.40 gold. Two cross-cuts opened a streak of gray ccpper six to twenty inches n-ide, which assayed 366 ounces silver, $2.40 gold. A tunnel was then started further down, on which the ore is coming in. During the summer of 1896 discoveries were extended to the basin at th» head of tne west fork ot Miller River, one mile east of the Cleopatra Basin. The Highlander group of four claims, in a block 1,200x3,000 feet, and a mlHstte, owned by the Highlander Gold & Silver Mining Company, has four ledges running through it. ranging in width from six to fourteen feet, the wldtst heing traced the whole length of the claims between well defined walls. All •how streaks of sulphurets, gray copper and some gale'ia, assaying $6 to 128; r- MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. jirincipally In gold. The discovery was made too lute In the season tj allow of much development, but trails were (^ut, camp built and a runnel started in readiness for thorough work this season. » The Clara K. group of live claims on this bosln, under bond to William Garrard, has a series of lerlgcs on which conslderalile prospf siting was dona before winter. One ledge Is ten feet with a ten-'.nch streak of ore on each wall; another is covend Dy two t laims and is six f' et, with six Inches of ore; a third shows six Inches of pay ore In a thirty-Inch ledge. The Mountain Gom group of four claim.s, owmd by G. W. Morley, hns two ledges each cropping eight feet wide and carrying suit jrots. One of them gave an assay from the surface of $20 gold, $4 silver. Dlri;t!y :i co'^per. F'nrther down the mountain is another similar ledge running along the chor*; of a small lake and partly under water, the exposed iiart being six feet wl.lo and carrying pyrites which assays $8 gold. This was only discov'^ri: 1 in October, 1896, and Is covered by the Twin Lakes claim, which the Cynosure Minlniir Company has bought and Is preparing to develop. Cropping on both sides of Coney Creek Is an iron-capped ledge which was originally located for iron several years ago and which shows in many places seventy feet wide. Its ordinary width being twelve feet, with twenty feet of ^my quartz beside It. On this ledge the Mount Cleveland Mining Company has the Le Rol and War Eagle, from the surface of which it has taken ore assaying $17 gold, $6 silver, besides copper. The company intends to cross-cut the ledge In tne spring to define its width and character. The Katie group of three claims, held by Henry Nute, covers a four-foot ledge, with eight to ten inches of pay ore carrying galena, sulphides and gray copper, on which he is tunneling. Development has been pushed to good purpose on the Triune group of six -claims by W. L. Sanders and Frank Wandschneider. On one ledge from -eighteen Inches to six feet wide are two claims, on which a 140-foot tunnel shows twelve Inches of ore, assaying $40 to $60 gold and sliver, and four feet of concentrating ore full of streaks of sulphides, arsenical Iron and galena. The pioneer locations by W. L. Sanders are the two Lynn claims, on a ledge running nearly north and south In a canyon on the left bank and cutting across the stream. It Is three to six feet wide and has been traced 2,000 feet, showing sixteen Inches of sulphides, galena and gray copper. The supposed extension runs through the two Belle claims, owned by Messrs Sanders and Schlegel. A twelve-foot ledge with four or five Inches of $24 ore carrying copper, lead and sulphides r".ns through the two Hawkeye claims and a stringer with six to eight Inches of $11 ore carrying gold and sliver la held by the remaining two of the Hawkeye group. Another strong ledge Is on the Lone Star group of four claims, owned by Archie Williamson and William Tlmpe. It runs northwest and southeast across Great Falls Creek, between walls of granite, and Is twelve feet wide. with four streaks of pay ore aggregating fifteen to twenty-one Inches which carry Iron sulphides and gray copper and assay $57 silver, $10 gold with concentrating ore filling the remainder of the ledge. A sixty-foot tunnel on the footwall shows one pay streak to widen to sixteen Inches with galena -coming In. On extensions are the Mlna, by James Doughertv and Hu«rh Mcintosh; the Spider, by William Lee. A. L. Bayliss and A. William^n and the Markley, by James Dougherty and William Lee. On two narallel ledges, two and four feet wide, with four and six Inch pay streaks Mr Williamson has the Double Stamp, and on another five feet wide with thrM or four inches of ore, H. ia. Phlnney and E. B. Palmer have the McKlnlev Adjoining the Lone Star Is the Little Una group of eight claims owned by W. L. Sanders and M. L. Ransom, of Toledo. Ohio. The grout, has thrlS Iron cap ledges, two parallel ones varying from thirty to slxtv feet and i! cross ledge twenty feet. The mineral is iron pyrites, with some coDDer In ore chutes fifteen to twenty feet wide, and assays ^ive $3 to $11 Lid on thS surface and all the way from $2.50 to $62 gold at greater depth. A cross-cut tunnel Is being run to tap the ore chute on the widest ledge. »-to»» oui Another 'of the early discoveries Is the Mono, by Archie Wllllamaon on m. ledge of pyrites forty feet wide, carrying ore which assavs 7 "o Ifl^^^' cilrt copper, $f to $36 silver, $5 to $8 gold. This ore shows In tu^nnels twe^y-el«?ht and sixty feet across the ledge which have not reached the waU Extenlona «f thl . ledge are the Orphan Boy. by Duncan Graham. J. J. Ferguson JamSS £?d ^oSghertJ Willfamson. and the Orphan Girl, by Messrs. WUitanSSS MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. The large Investments of outside capital in the principal properties :a this district are an assurance of continued development, and the showlnt;;* so far made warrant the expectation of further investment to put the mlnest on a producing basis. MONEY GREEK. The series of mineral ledges which Is exposed at the head of Miller River, and in the mountains through which it tiows, extends beyond the sources of Money Creek through the ridge dividing the SkykomldU and Snoaualmi» watersheds, the Toit flowing southward Into the latter river from a point whence Money Creek flows northward into the BKykomlsh. The mineral discoveries extend along the mountains on each bank of Money Creek, havlns begun with the Apex leUge of galena, gray copper and sulphurets on the headwaters by Alexander McCartney in 1889. Further down the stream and on the tributaries which leap down precipitous gorges, there are grear. bodies- of sulphide ore carrying gold and copper, which from their proximity to the railroad are likely to be early developed. The route from Seattle is by the Qreat Northern Itallroad to Skykomish, elghty-Hve miles, by road one mile, and by trail six miles, to the head of the creek. The distance from the Everett smelter is flfty-two miles; from that at Tacoma, ninety-three miles. Communication will b« much improved this season by the construction of a wagon road up tne creek within a short distance of the most remote properties. , The first discovery was aldo the first property to be developed and ship ore. This was the Apex group of five claims, recently bonded by Alexander McCartney, G. R. Procter, Edwin Stevens and Miss Fanny Stein to J. R. Stephens, of Spokane, lor $20,000. Four of these claims are on one ledge, which crops in the gorge of Milwaukee Creek between syenite walls and has been traced up the mountain and over the summit to Lake Elizabeth. At one point in the gorge it crops forty feet wide and at another thirteen feet flride. but the richest ore is found on the side of the Milwaukee Basin, 700 feet above, w'.iere the ledge Is three to live feet wide between strong walls. It has been opened at the latter point by means of two tunnels, the upper 118 feet and the lower 300 feet, with a lift of seventy feet between them. The lower tunnel was driven forty feet through the slide rocl^ and cut three ore chutes, each about forty feet long with a six-Inch pay streak of smelting ore. The third chute has been stoped out from the upper tunnel and for a lift of flfty feet from the lower tunnel, the ore being shipped to the smelter and returning an aggregate of over $13,000. It carried about 2hi ounces gold, 6 ounces silver and 4 per cent, copper, being steel galena, gray copper, sulphides of iron and arsenical Iron. The other two chutes carry $43 and $46, respectively, in gold and sliver and have In sight over $15,000 worth of smelting ore. Beside the pay streak Is a streak of concentrating ore from six to forty Inches wide assaying about $12 a ton. There are several hundred tons of seconU-gra,de ore on the dump. The ore shipped has paia for development In the face of a cost of $13 a ton for packing seven and one-half miles to the railroad. The same parties have the Damon and Pythias on a four-foot ledge oC similar ore, and on Uoat Basin, four miles above the mouth of Money CreAk, they have the Sockless and Solomon on a ledge seven or eight feet wide, with twenty inches of high-grade ore similar to the Apex, which assays $17 to $60 in gold, silver and lead, chiefly gold. A forty-foot tunnel on the ledge shows good ore all th*- way. The Bonanza Queen group of eight claims, owned by the Gold Mountain Mining Company, consists prirtclpa..y of several properties on a gulch run- ning down to irioney Creek s left bank. The Bonanza Qu6en itself is on a ledge which crops on the face of a perpendicular cliff to a width of about seventv-flve feet, with a dettned hanging wall of soft granite, the footwall not having been found. The ledge matter Is porpayry and Is shown by a tunnel run twenty-flve feet along the hanging wall to be veined througnout with sulphide ore carrying $5 gold and copper, while a sample taken across the face of the '.unnel assayed about $25. Half a mile further up this guloh Is the San P'rancisco on a mass of similar rock striking Into th face of a bluff. A tunnel sixteen feet In this rock shows a streak of six to twelve Inches of solid sulphide ore. On a parallel flfty-foot ledge of porphyry, three- quarters of a mile further up the creek, is the Paymaster, on which two tunnels have been run about thlrty-flve feet apart. One starts near the footwall and has run forr.y-flve feet through mineralized rock, and the other has run thirty-five feet towards the hanging wall on heavy sulphide ore similar to that in the Bonansa Queen, which will pay well to concentrate, the value beitig about $S fold and silver. The other claims have good surface showings, but are undeveloped. One of the strongest showings en Money Creek Is on the Chicago group of four claims, owned by C. W. ij'risbee, Malcolm McFees and Mike Earles. of Seattle, A. D. Smith ahd Jbsepli Rudderhom. The first discovery was a ffreat deposit of magnetic iron in the rocky peak at the summit of a mountain 4e MtNINO IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. rising 1,500 feet above Money Creek, four miles above Its mouth, and In a^org* down the slope, and It was proposed to mine the ore for the iron, a tunnel bi-lng run forty f « et on it. A tunnel lower down the mountain last summer ran Into a body of fine copper and Iron pyrites carrying flakes of native copper and some peacock copper. The outcrop Is In a ravine between high wails of <»orlte and 18 fully tifteen feet wide, but further down the pyrites tself wa« found cropping to a width of eight feet. Three claims are on this Uidge, the ore In which assays 20 per cent, copper, besides gold and .silver, and the fourth claim Is t.n a similar paiallel leuge. 'thorough development will be carried on this year. , „, .- , ._ ^^ On the east fork of Money Creek H. H. Darst and W. M. Lee have the Vandalla, on which a twenty-live foot tunnel shows a twenty-Inch pay streak carrying <23 gold and silver In a seven-foot ledge. SNOQUALMIE. The mountain ridges among which the several forks of the Snoqualmie River How to their eoniiuence near North Bend have long been the .scene of prospecting trips on the part of the settlers In the valleys and the inhabitants of the surrounding country, including some of tne pioneer re.sldents of Seattle. a.nd It has been proved beyond doubt that great bodies of mineral existed there. A number of reasons can be assigned for the failure to transform these promising prospects .alo niines. The first was, in the early times, the dilflculty of access to the country, for not oniy wore there no railroads, but the country was "without wagon roada until the toll road was constructed through the Snoqualmie Paas. The valley-s were a jungle through which dimly traceable Indian trails led, and, there being no gmss for horses, men had to pack their supplies on their backs. Another reaaon was that the country was settled by farmers, who knew little or nothing of mining, and they did not readily turn their hands to this unfamiliar and laborious occu- pation. A third reason was that the ore bodies, wnile large, were of low srrade and could not be mined prolitably without large Investme,.'. of capital, which cQuld not be obtained in the country, eapeclally in days before low ^rade mines had come into demand among Investors. But these difflcuities are fast being surmounted. The Seattle & Inter- national Railroad runs from Seattle lo Sallal Prairie, far up the Snoqualmie Valley, and a road has been built some distance up the middle fork. The settlers are adapting themselves more and more to the new industry and the general demanu for mining pix>perty has encouraged them to develop their claims, which they are showing lo be equal In morlt to those In other districUl In the Cascade Mountains. With roads, intelligent work and capital, the Snoqualmie District will tane rank with the other promising districts to the north, south and east, ana will be able to boast of mines instead of prospects. The route to this district from Seattle is by the Seattle ca International Railroad to North Bend, sixty miles, for the north and middle forks and the claims on and around ..^ount SI, or to Sahal Prairie, sixty-three miles, for points on the south fork. From the latter point the Snoqualmie Toll Road leads up the south fork to the pass, thirty miles, and trails branch off at short Intervals to the various claims. From North Bend to the Everett smelter Is ninety-three miles and to the Tacoma smelter 101 miles. The geology of the Snoqualmie Basin has been little siuuleq, the first attemirt to describe It being made by Professor W. H. Ruffner in hla "Report on Washington Territory" for the Seattle, Lake Shore & Eastern Railway Company, published in 1889. He says: "The core of these high ranges (the Cascades) Is chiefly rock origrlnallT stratified, which has been metamorphosed by heat, and nerhaps Inside of all. ivith branches bursting out at various places, are plutonlc rocks which have never been stratified. This Is the state of things on the top of the Cascade Tlange near Snoqualmie Pass, as well as on some subordinate peaks and ranges. On Mount Logan, the Denny Mountain, etc.. are large bodies of syenitlc granite, whose a>re I have no means of determining. Associated ■with this are quartzites of fine grain and extremely hard, porphyries and serpentliiold and chlorltic rocks of different sorts, in which are imbe^'^ed the magnetic iron ores; and also large beds of crystalline limestone, both t 'e and coarse grained. Crossing these at various angles are veins containing the precious and base metals. The rocks forming this section are described by a well-informed prospector as granite, gneiss, diorlte, talcose slate and chlorltic talcose s.late, with large dikes of porphyry, and he says that In the contact between theee dikes and the talcose slate the mineral ledges are mostly found. The flrst mineral discovery in this district of which there is any record was on Denny Mountain, nineteen miles from Sallal Prairie. Ic is reached by xollowing the Snoqualmie wagon road to a point four miles west of the pass and then taking a trail for one mile. It was made by Arthur A. Denny, rather of the City of Seattle. In 1869. from Information obtained from the Indians. He went to Snoqualmie Pass in search of plumbago, which h* "^mi if tA^lO ' . ,i( / \ k \ \ / V / / \ / X \/ \ ^flI»l«MeM t'*«*^ ■ 1' 1- "7 ,r ' ■'■.&i: INDEX TO mmm cumi I. Leta. 3. CleTeland. 4. Legal Tender. 6. Aaoteu •.Oregor. 7. ElliaAKeU7 8. Bald Hornet. 9. Green Mountain. 10. Lost LodeL IL Lanra lindBsjr. 1%. Delia Lane. 13. Laat Chanc& 14. Chair Peak. 15. Copper Cblef. IS. Emma. 17. OommonweaUta. 18. Onje. 19. Deni». M. BU^PriMMk ' ' - • I .. UNA IN THI PtMFtC NOATHWItEK \ BailwajM. Wagon RntMlB. Traite. Bwaiait Lines. <->- _ SCALE OF MILU CIVIL AND MIHINO tN obPI lountaln, wl round u ... fm loRreeii at Its rhifh were ^ adies of thlH leveral clalmt In 18«2 Mr Jeremlnh Bon |o make local If the same c \t the falls, tl Bet wide and JUff liode. ar fhey located i pilmax Lode, ton Mines Cc In 1883 abt tunnel waH I ' .re, H8 It itaftit'd from BBayers. Ar lorus ana It ibjected to w Bed marble f llphur and p the Dennj /elopment, Jrjfe quantitii aHHny mac Bnny Lode, f ir he put a the Korge, Ii Ito the cliff )rouj?h what ]y of carboi Ills ore and li lo pronounc season of |e snow out f bed. In 18 Ir smelting a irkland, but »d has not b Another ea Ippinp of a I ^orlooklng Si renty-Hve m ten taking a |rphyry, dlo ithwest cou cliff on this seventy fe< )pplng is IW jstalllc Iron, metallurfrl {>unt;iln, 300 feot wide, tensions of i If. Briggs a Another b< kned by F. ^ lese are on >m Saual Pr Bt perpendlp mite, but th lether the rries 69 to 72 |lh are almos Yet anothe: [Ave claims, ^d at Sallal ishlng's ran< t»m Its havlr ^n elghty-tw >untain and will proba MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 41 fupposort they used to paint their faoeii. and, cltmhlnR n mountain nfar the »HH. hi' ol>p JpKrceH at Ita foot. On raoh side was a vertloal i-llft aliout IW) feet hljfh. In rhich were vertical ledj^oa of mnjrnetic Iron about Blxty feet wide, largre- Dted to working tests by the Moss Ray ^ron *, ompany, of Englanil whlcH Bed marble from one of the walls as a flux, and w.i'i proved to be free from llphur and phosphorus. Some surface work was done on the several clalm» the Denny Lode, and C. K. Jenner, of Seattle, who had dirge <'f the- k'elopment, determined t..at It was of no value for Iron on accoum of th» ge quantities of sulphur It contained, even on the surface. In 1885 he had assay made of a piece of peacock copiwr float, believed to be from the- my I.,ode, and It carried $20 prold, $8 silver and 33 per cent, copper. In that ir he put a force of men to work on this ledge an 1, finding a deep snowdrift the gorge, he tunneled through it to the bottom of the ledge and then drilled Ito the cliff for a width of fourteen to twenty feet. In doing ar he ran )rough what proved to be an Iron capping three or four Inches thick into a Jy of carbonates, copper sulphurets ond pyrites. Mr. Jenner took a ton of ore and had a working test of it made In San Francisco by an assayer, lo pronounced it the highest grade of precipitating copper ore. Later lu 5 swasion of 1.S85 the members of the company Vi^ent to the scene and found J snow out of the gorge and th9.t the workings were forty or fifty feet above- bed. In 1890 and 1891 steps were taken towards the mining of the Iron ore- Ir smelting at the blast furnace and steel works then under constnictlnn at Irkland, but when that enterprise failed during the panic, work was stopped Id has not been resumed. Another early dlpc6very of Iron ore, which may also prove to be only the- Ipplng of a body of copper pyrites, is the Guye Iron Mines on Ouye's Peak, ^orlooklng Snoqualmle Pass. It is reached by following the wagon road for .enty-flve miles from North Rend to a point directly west of the pass and len taking a trail for one and one-half miles. The mountain Is formed of |rphyry, dlorlte and quartzite and the ore bodies follow a northeast by uthwe«t course in a formation of porphyry and marble. Near the foot of cliff on this mountain the body of magnetic iron crops to a width of sixty seventy feet and has oeen stripped to a depth of 100 feet, while another Spplng Is 100 feet deep and 150 feet wide. The ore carries 60 to 72 per cent, btalllc Iron, with only traces of sulphur and phosphorus, and is pronounced metallurjrists to lie first-class Bessemer iron. On the summit of the >untiiln. 300 feet higher, is a round knoll of similar ore 300 feet long and feet wide, but not as rich in 'ron. On these several croppings and the tensions of the ledges F. M. Gu>e. Hon. Thomas Burke. Hon. John Leary, [F. Brlggs and John W. Guye have twelve r^lalms patented. Another body of what is, on the surfwct Iron ore is on the six claims, >ned by F. M. and John W. Guye and known as the Green Mountain group, lese are on the mountain between the middle and north forks, six milea >m Saiial Prairie. The deposits are red hematite and magnetic Iron thirty perpendicular and twenty-five feet wide In a formation of porphyritic- mlte, but they have only been stripped and thus It has not been ascertained lether the ore changes character with depth. The magnetic Iron ore rries 69 to 72 per cent, and the iictuaiiLc S*? *o 65 per cent, metallic iron and |tb are almost free from sulphur and phosphortis. Tet another similar body of magnetic iron exists on the Chair Peak groui^ [five claims, owned by the Chair Peak Mining Company. Leaving the r.-iil- pid at Sallal Prairie, one goes by the wagon road up the middle fork tct jshlng's ranch and by trail up Tuacohatchie Creek to Chair Peak, so named )m Its having the form of a great arm-chair. A great oliff of magnetic in eighty-two feet wide ris'-'s from Snow Lake on the east side of the buntain and also crops on th. west side. It shows copper in the croppings. Id will probably change to copper -ore -when the capping Is pierced. Thefe 42 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. are on the same mountain deposits of marble and limestone, but the fonnar has been so shattered by convulsions as to be commerciauy woruiless. On the next ridge to the east of Chair Peait Lon Jose and others, of North Bend, have a similar surface showing on the Copper Chief group, from which they have run a tunnel 300 feet in the form of a horseshoe, for the purpose or reaching the solid formation, and have shown sulphide ores and some galena. Adjoining this e-roup Victor Penberthy and others have the Emma group, on which a tifty-foot tunnel has shown a body of copper sulphides, and on Red Mountain, to the northeast, J. W. Walrath and Robert IMamond have the Commonweaithi on which a 250-foot tunnel has shown a large body of copper pyrites. Returning to North Bend, we And a number of claims on Mount SI, the bold shoulder of the ridge dividing tne north and middle forlis, and on the continuation of that ridge. On the north forli side of Mount Si, three and one-half mllee from North Bend, iMed li.ilis and Aib. rt iv» liy, of Ntw ioik, have two claims on a ledge which is said to crop eighty feet wide and in which a seventy-foot tunnel shows a sixteen-inch strtak of sulphides with some galena, assays running as high as |20. On a heavily iron-cappeu ledge traced up this mountain W. C. Keith, W. H. Clark and F. Henderson have the Annie group of three claims. A fifty- foot tunnel is in sulphide ore and chalcopyrlte all the way between well- dettned walls pitchlnR SO degrees, and a seventy-five-foot tunnel Is also in ore almost its whole length, whue an eight-foot shaft shows the ledge seven feet between walls. An average of several assays is about %'ZS gold and silver. Another ledge crops on the middle claim, but has not l>een defined. On a parallel ledge John B. Gregor has shown similar ore in a sixty-foot tunnel, and in a new tunnel started lielow it in the fall of 1896, he struck two feet of fine sulphide ore, while further down the mountain he discovered a new ledge containing three feet of ore, which assayed $75 In all values The Copper Bell and i^eta are new locations by Sherry McElroy, Joseph Sher«, George Sharlk and Charles Baxter on what was formerly well known as the Black Jack ledge, two and one-half miles from Sallal Prairie on the north fork. The ledge is a large one, in the contact between granite and gneiss, and carries low-grade concentrating ore in the form of sulphides, which assay about $10 in gold, silver and 6opper, while four cross ledges, one to four feet wide, carry ore of higher grade, which is free milling on the surface. A tunnel was run 136 feet on a stringer and showed the ore to change from free milling to concentrating. A drift from this tunnel ran forty feet to the left and then ran sixty-eight feet to strike the contact of the main ledge. Another tunnel is in 170 feet on a stringer, 200 feet below, to tap the same ledge. The owners propose to erect a small mill this spring to reduce the free milling ore. On Mount Tenerlffe, aoout half a mile further up the north fork, W. C. Kedth and W. B. Akers »iave the Clevelana and Legal 'i-^noer on a iwenty- foot ledge, carrying fine sulphurets of iron and copper, vhich assay about $40 gold. The ledge has been cross-cut for sixteen feet, and a thirty-foot tunnel follows the pay streak on the hanging wall. Near the foot of Chair Peak is the L^iura l^indsay, one of the oldest loca- tions in the district, now owned by the Bowker brothers. It has a four-foot ledge of sulphide ore in a soft talcose gangue between walls of granite and slate and a 250-foot tunnel shows ore carrying $30 to $40 gold and silver. On Taylor river, a tributary of the middle fork, Thomas Nlles has the Lost Lode, on which an eifhty-foot cross-cut has tapped a strong ledge, but has not struck the wall, showln? ore woll mineralized with gold, silver, lead and molybdenite, generally associated with hornblende. The Last Chance group of three claims on McCiellan Butte Is on a true Assure ledge of quart.''., oarryir.g pyrites, which has been traced for a mile. Three tunnels, the longest one of which la sixty feet, have shown four feet of ore between strong walls, assaying $7.50 to $15 in gold and silver. On Profile Mountain, so calleri from a big cllfi which, when seen at a certain angle, forms a perfect profile of George Washington, the Pac!:lo Mining Company has the Oella Jane group of seven claims, 'ihe ledge Is a true fissure two feet wide, a.s shown in a twenrf;y-foot cross-cut, and carries about $17 free gold in decomposed quartz gangue. Another ledge of the same size and character runs Into a porphyry dike and has been opened by a iseventy-four-foot tunnel. This company Is preparing to resume work this «prlng. At the Star Oabln. twenty-six miles from North Bend on the south fork, 'SV. C. Weeks and George W. Tlbbetts have the Black Prince group, on which they have done a good amount of work. The miners along the south and middle fork of the Snoqualmle have organized the Summit Mining District, but it is generally known as the Sno- qualmle district, and that name has been adopted to avoid confusion with the Summit District in Pierce County. iunruT. PIERCE and YAKIMA COUNTIES. WASHINGTON. pa •Mil... *=^ > iNOmm^ I. i. 8. 4. 5. K. 7. 8. V. la. ii. IS. -n. 14. 15. 16. 17. 1«. U. £0. 21. !». 28. HaMot Knox. Comet Pntor Ophlr. Kalrrtew. fioode'ionjfU. VaionioCb. Cainnbtill Oroap. Hswiis. Ntptune. Terror. Cnrreat. FJura O. A. R. BtHck Kawk. White Elephant v.',Vit« (j'uiUl ViliM or Sf«r OnopL (little (h:a. M.uttodoa. Jtmin^ Star. UighlcuJ Kai;. FofTWt A Farreira ttn>ap miMna cuins. 8». ColU Sprinc. 2«. Parrot 87. Forest Qneaa, W. Tip Top 2H. Kmma SO. HilTer ReeC 31. Bloe BelL 32. Cittwg fulnt 3:i )Varr<>».-> Mm^ S-1. liry8priDsr. 3>«. Dam Kina SO. Gold Sprint 37. liamaoR k i 38. CoBistock. 3!). LaRNtta. 41). Gold Hath. 41. Boston. 41 \M\y of tht l«k«b 43. nonainsa. 44. Smninit Co. 4.5. RIacIc Uiamnad. 4t). Rortba Ofori(t«. 47. Hollfij. a. ''ombiiMtlaB. 4». eiizab«tb. MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. BXJENA VISTA. This district lies along the north fork of the Snoqualmle river and Its tributaries and Is an extension across the ridge of the Miller and Money Creek districts, having iiia same characteristics. In fact, many of the principal claimS are on extensions of the great ledges of Miller river and Money Creek traced through the ridge to the Snoqualmle side— a striking: evidence of the strength and permanence of the mineral, bodies of the Cas- cade Range. It is only within the last year that much work has been done on the north fork, its distance from tae railroad— about twenty-flve miles— being an obstacle, though the extension of the road by King County would do much to make it accessible. The route to it is by the Seattle & International Rail- road to North Bend, sixty miles from Seattle, then by road for nineteen miles and the remainder of the distance by trail. A notable instance of the tracing of a series of ledges th.-ough a lofty mountain ridge is the Mastodon group of eleven claims, near the head of the north fork. These are on the extension of the Brooklyn series of ledges from Coney Basin in the Miller River district. On one of these work has been continued since June, 1896, having begun on a small scale in the previous year. A shaft is down fifty feet, cutting a ledge ten or twelve feet wide. In which there is three feet of copper sulphurets and gp'ena assaying as high as eighty ounces silver, $20 gold and 29 per cent, cop r. The other ledges are of the same character and equally strong. This g oup Is owned by J. M. Sharp, the estate of John Miller and J. L. Warner, of Rossland, B. C. One mile from this group are the Artzona and Washington, owr.^J b; the Arizona Gold Mining Company, which are on the extension of the Money Creek ledges through the ridge, being one and one-half miles from the Apex and one mile from the BrooKlyn. The Arizona has an east and west ledge of porphyry forty feet wide between walls of granite which stand up 100 feet perpendicularly on each side and carries a body of copper sulphide ore assay- • Ing $35, mostly gold, on the surface. The Washington has a similar ledge : fifty feet wide, mineralized thiougnout and carrying twenty f^et of pay ore, i being clearly traceable up the face of the cliff. The company has a mlllsite on two small lakes 400 feet south of the Washington, thai outlet of which will I furnish water power. f One mile above the mouth of the middle prong of the north fork is the iFletcher Webster group of nine claims owned by Andrew Hemrich, Philo iRuthprfora and others. The main Fedge is eight feet wide in the croppings, ll)ut widens at one point to forty feet. An open cross-cut and a forty-foot Itunnel snow it to be mineralized enough throughout to pay for concentration land to carry four feet oi pay ore averaging $."52 in gold and silver, from a Inumber of assays. The mineral on the surface is iron sulphides, but changes |at depth to galena ore. with Increasing value. This change in character Is general throughout this district. On Ill.nois Creek, a tributary of the main north fork. George A. Pratt and )avid Rushing have the Belle of Tennessee group of nine claims on a ledge twenty feet wide, showing in the croppings an ore chute forty feet longr, ^xrrying $15 gold, $S.60 silver on the surface. SUMMIT. Deriving its name from its position on the summit of the Cascade Range imong the foothills of Mount Rainier, this district, which was organized in 1891, occupies the northwest corner of Yakima and the eastern part of Pierce ipuntles. On the west It Is at the sources of Sliver Creek, flowing into White River, and on the east its waters form Morse and Union Creeks, which unite In American River, an aflSuent of Bumping River, which empties -into the pTakima. Accessible alike from the east and west, It has been explored by the people of Tacoma and Buckley on the latter, and of Yakima on the fopmer side, but the western men have the majority of the properties. The feountry formation is mostly of crystalline eruptive rock, although slate and limestone are to be found. The ledges are large and well mineralized throughout, carrying gold on the surface which has been made free . by oxidation, but as depth la attained the ore will probably become base, afi tn nher districts on the Cascades. The ores also carry a smaJl silver valuer nd galena and iron sulphides are also f ounu associated wltlx the precious letals. Tacoma Is the headquarters of those Interested In the district, and luckley, thirty miles east on the Northern Pacific Railroad. Is the out- (UnK point. Theiice a good horse trail leads up Whtte river and Sliver 4C MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. Creek to Gold Hill, at tM head of the latter stream, a distance of flfty-flv« miles. From North Yakima on the east, the district Is entered by horse trail sixty-eight miles long, up the Yakima River and its upper tributaries to the summit. A movement is now on foot to construct a wagon road from Buckley to Yakima by way of Greenwater River, White River, Silver Creek, to the Silver Basin, then down the Yakima watershed on the eastern slope. This would reduce the distance from Buckley to Gold Hill to forty miles and the Buckley people have by voluntary effort constructed six miles of It. The state legislature has made a liberal appropriation for an extension from the summit to Yakima. . . . . . The first mining in this district of which there is any recdrd was done In 1880-82 on some placer ground near the head of Morse Creek, below the present Comstock Mine. Here H. L. Tucker, George Gibbs and others, of North Yakima, took out good wages, one nugget of $80 having been found, a 17 nugget being taken out last season and $1 nuggets being not uncommon. This mine came into the hands of Robert Fife and others, who lately sold it for $3,000. The first owners of this mine, however, found that somebody had been there before them, for an old cabin stood far up the west fork of Whita River and some trees on the west side of the east fork of that stream were marked with old blazes. Led on by float dn White River, George M. Brown, Frank W. and George W. Glbbs, of Tacoma, and Thomas and Robert Fife, of Yakima, made. the first ouartz location in the summer of 1888 on Gold Hill and have since proved them to be among the best in the district. Other claims took up the hill and epread all around it, making it the center of a fast-widening circle of activity. One of their first locations was the Comstock, already mentioned, on which the ledge has not yet been defined, though a pay streak shows the full width of a sevent; foot tunnel and in several open cuts, and has given an average assay of $3!t.iO gold and sliver. This claim, together with thirty-five other quartz claims and one placer claim, is now owned by the Summit Mining and Reduction Company, of 'lacoma, which In 1896 purchased it, together with a number of claims on Gold Hill owned by Mrs. Emily Knight, of Tacoma. Much money has beei. spent on these claims In the way of cutting trails and building cabins, but little has been done to prove the value of the ledges. That they hawe much merit is shown by the following assays made at the Tacoma smelter from the principal ones: DESCRIPTION. Sailor Queen Blue Bell ... Boston Current Comstock ... Blue Grass . Per Ton or 2,000 lbs. Ounces Gold. 4.04 8 per cent 13.20 4 per cent 1.80 / 40 Ounces Sl'ver. 44.00 48.30 1.20 3.60 5.00 17.60 Value Per Toa of 2,000 n>s. 1110 72 48 ^4 264 81 10 44 39 40 69 96 This company now controls the ground In the vicinity of Gold Hill and will begin development In the spring. The Crown Point, a little west of the Comstock, owned by George M. Brown, has a seven-foot ledge In which a thirty-foot tunnel and several open cuts have shown ore averaging $38 gold and sliver, though assays have run as high as $60 gold, 6 ounces sliver. East of the Comstock Mr. Brown has the Lolette on a four-foot ledge, on which a tunnel has been driven fifteen feet, showing ore which averaged $36 gold. From a four-foot ledge on the Eva he has also obtained assays of 4 ounces gold and 44 ounces sKver. The Fife brothers retained their faith in the district when all others lost heart, and remained at work until late In December, only leaving when supplies ran out and hunger drove them back to civilization. At that time, too, they had no roads, nor even trails, and had to find their way by blazes. Their best group is the Blue Bell of six claims at the head of Union Creek, a mile west of Gold Hill. The Blue Bell ledge Itself is on the summit of the range, the ore being In a porphyry dike, with a seam of quartz and a seam of porphyry. All of this carries value, but the quartz assays) high in free gold. A roughly constructed arrastre was erected several years ago on Union Creek, below the mine, and has made a run each season. Ten tone of ore was milled last season without any pretense of sorting and a little over eight ounces of amalgam was cleaned up Robert Fife also has the Blizabeth, on Morse Creek, on which a five-foul ledge has been opened In several places, giving an assay of $72. Mr. Fife and J. J. Armstrong, of Takima, have run a tunnel twenty-five feet and made several small cro»«- cuts on a similar ledge on the Morning Star and Bonanza, just below the Comstock. James A. Farrell and J. R. Forrest, of Tacoma, made their advent in th« dkitrlct in 1891 on a hunting trip, but turned their attention to proepectiliff MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. a and made a number of valuable discoveries on a mountain spur near the head of Silver Creek, which they named Pick-handle Point. They have done as much as any two men to open up. the district. This mountain seems to be transversely cut by numberless narrow but very rich parallel ledges. On the Blue Grouse and Sure Thing there Is a network of parallel ledgee two to three feet wide, opened by a twenty-foot shaft and numerous cross-cuts. Their first aaoay was $3 gold, but last year they took out ore running $62 gold and 31 ounces silver. On the Damfln o and Dry Spring they have free milling ore which carries US gold and 2 ounces silver, and have also some good placer ground on Morse Creek. On this mountain is the Little Gem, owned by Edward Collins, of Buckley, and below it on Sliver Creek he and William and Alexander McNlcol, of Buckley, have the Collins. Near the summit of the range, two miles south of Gold Hill, George Sedge, of Takima, has a group of claims on which he has driven a tunnel 110 feet, exposing ore which averages $33 gold. Below this claim Willlai^ and Alex- ander McNlcol and M. B. Compton have the Blazing Star on an eight-foot ledge, in which a twenty-five foot shaft and a cross-cut show a three-foot pay streak assaying $190 gold and 10 ounces silver. The Highland, with three and one-half feet of similar ore on the surface, has the same owners. The Evening Star, owned by John Shantz and George Fuller, is on a thirteen-foot ledge, believed to be an extension of the Blazing Star. In 1894 exploration was extended by E. K. Current and his son, J. B. Cur- rent, of Buckley, John Wilkeson and Samuel Fletcher to Crystal Mountain, an extension of the Summit ridge dividing White River on the west from Sliver Creek, its tributary, on ^he east, and rising to an elevation of 8,000 feet. This mountain Is formed of gthy and purple porphyry, dotted with crystallized feldspar, and Is cut by ledges of decomposed porphyrltlc quartz ranging from twelve to twenty feet dn width, carrying free gold on the surface, and assayers pronounce the ore first-class free milling. As In other parts of the district. ' the gold is chiefly found in the form of fine sulphur ets and is f^ee on the I surface only through the oxidation of the iron. One of Mr. Current's groups, comprising nine claims, is owned JoJnMj by ihim and his brother-in-law, James Gebert, of New Iberia, La., and they nAV« pushed development during the past year. On one of their claims a shaft it [down elghty-nve feet, showing a fourteen-foot ledge, all pay ore. Assayt I range from $15 to $103 gold, but the most reliable returns are three mill test* [giving an average of $13 free gold. A twenty-foot tunnel on an extension {shows the ledge eight feot wide with ore assaying $4 to $28 gold, mostly tree. iOn an immense parallel ledge, of which the walls have not been traced, are Ithree claims. On one of these a forty-five foot cross-cut has shown ore assaying $8.75 to $150 gold and silver, mostly the former. Another has the ledge defined to a width of nine feet, and from a forty-foot tunnel assays of ^ gold and 5 or 6 ounces silver have been obtained. A sixty-five foot tunnel on the th'ird claim showed ore assaying as high as $28 gdld. Another claim ts on a large ledge of low grade ore, assays from a twenty-five foot tunnel iveraglng $25, It Is intended to erect a stamp mill on this group during the The Cr- 3tal Mountain group, owned by Mr. Current, In conjunction with L W Frater and A. W. Hawks, of Everett, comprises five claims south of le Current group and 1,500^ feet below it, along Silver Creek. On one these the ledge is twenty-two feet wide and a ten-foot shaft Is down ore assaying from $10 to $250. Another has a six-foot ledge assaying from J to $44. and the others make good showings on thti surface. The seme Jirties have some valuable placer ground below these claims, and Messrs. Frater and Hawks have three other claims on the same mountain. It Is roposed to erect a stamp mill on this group also during t..e summer, ditches ^vlnc been cut and bull ifee cuts to be three to fifteen feet wide, carrying free gold and some nati*" liver. Assays range from $8 to $60 and averag« about n2- Other ledges that have been located neap the Curreot group No. 8. and «t amewhat similar formation, are the French, the Thompson, the^ Bjfjnf . MonMng to g«ntlemen whose names they respeetively bear, and t^ ^™»> med by E. K. Current, of Buckley, and Dr. Fletcher, of North Taklna. f«Be arc all large and prominent ledges. , „• « On the summltv south of Gold HUl. J. A. ni«J,.W. S. Vilw. L. W. Rogers »d H. F. Rogers, of North YaKima, have the Star group of four clrims on (3) iMii 46 MINING IX THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. a contuot ledRe between granitu and slate, and have done considerable development, showing ore which assays from $7 to |60. The Black Hawk group of three claims, owned by the Northwest Mining Company, lies three miles southwest of Gold Hill, and will begin operations in the spring. On one ledge it has two claims and two tunnels .ibout thirty- flve feet each and a third twenty-five feet long are in ore assaying $33 to $101, mostly in free gold. The third claim is as yet undeveloped, but the surface ore pans well. Near this group Thomas Baker, of Goldendale. and Spencer Jacobs, of Yakima, have the McKinley on a seven-foot ledge, which pans well on the surface. W. J. Knapp, T. J. Sullivan, William Dougherty and Professor Fred Chamberlain, of Buckley, have the Welcome group of four claims on a ledge wMch averages about four feet in width and assays from $2 to $S gold, on the east branch of White River. Messrs. Knapp and Chamberlain are owners of the White Glacier and the Cascade lodes, near the glaciers. In this locality are also the Lone Star, White Pawn and Esther, owned by W. .T. and Guy Knapp, the walls of which are thirty-two feet apart, and assay, copper $25, silver 42 ounqes and gold $29.70. Together with Professor Chamberlain and Drew Jones they also own the Blue Marmot and the Blue Wednesday, situated between the Crow Creek and Silver Creek Basins. Mr. Knapp has a promising placer claim, which he Intends working with sluices next summer, situated very close to the glaciers of the east branch of White River. William A. Rainey and A. W. Tweedem, of Tacoma, are also on Upper White River and own the Gold Standard group of four claims. In the same vicinity F. C. Brodie and William Hart, of Goldendale, have six claims, from wMch they have taken good ore. Late last summer a number of claims were located west of Gold Hill, on which no work has yet been done, but which prospect well on the surface. Chief among these are the Parrot and Forest Queen, owned by George Brown, T. Sullivan and T. L. Baker; Ihe Forest King, owned by Herbert Morris: the Tennis, by A. R. Scott; the Ethel, by.W. Froggett, and the Florence and Mahapac, by Charles E. Gregory. A group of six claims was located along the headwaters of Rattlesnake Creek, on a range of mountains called the Nelson's Peaks, in August, 1894, b; F. E. McDougal and S. P. Bennett, of Buckley. The ore carries $20 g( 16 ounces silver and 2 per cent, copper. P. Henning, John T. Davis and C. B. Talbot, of Tacoma, have covered 220 acres of nickel ore territory, situated twenty-five mlle^ eastward of Buckley and on the lower Green Water River. While these groups are not in the Summit District, they are naturally tribu- tary to it. A remarkable discovery comes within the same category, for it is tributary to Tacoma. Th^^s Is the Vanguard group of four claims In the canyon of the Big Mashell River, one and one-half miles from EatonvlUe, which is reached by the Mount Rainier wagon road, thirty-two miles from Tacoma. This Is a ledge of volcanic cement about 400 feet, running northwest by west and south- east by east between walls of trachyte, the rock being similar to the tufa channels on the Forest Hill Divide in Placer .'Jounty, California. It shows only sixty feet up the sides of the canyon, being capped with gravel wash from Mount Rainier. Two or three feet bel^w the surface Indications of copper appear in the shape of prills, or small grains, of copper. As a shaft, which iy down sixteen feet, was sunk it encountered sheets of copper, thin bm paper, wherever there were any cracks or seams in the rock, and the propor- tldn of copper has increased 300 per cent, in sinking. This strange deposit is owned by C. P. Toplift, William Foran and Wilbur Todd, of Tacoma, who have bonded it to Spokane parties. Although the whole of the Summit District was Included hi the Pacific Reserve in 1892, this fact has not deterred the minerf; from continuing opera- tions, and they have taken st^ps to obtain exemptions from interference with their work. CEDAB BIVEB. This district has peculiar interest for Seattle people, since it is tributary to the Seattle & International Railroad, one of the chief feeders of the city's trade, la at the head of a stream flowing down to that city's suburbs and the mining properties are almost entirely owned in Seattle. The route to It from the city is by the Seattle & International Railroad to North Bend on the Sno- qualmle, by a good wagon road to a point six miles below the confluence of Bear Creek with Cedar River and thence by trails, one running up each of those streams. The commissioners of King county propose this season to extond the road to the mouth of Bear Creek, the mining men agreeing to make further extensions to their properties. The mineral belt is an extensiori 6f the granite and syenite formation which has been traced north and soutu through the backbone of the Cauioade m iV CEDAR RIVER. SEAT! 1 KINO COUNTY. WASHINOTON. Sanamarpiah Lake. NORTH BEND." Jl ( NAP SHOWING HOUTE TO MINES. RENTON. I kPLE VALLEY.^ C*cfar '%.. IftBaMy. ,«-' k^«W»''' *** l*- J IT \ \x* kLE OF MILES. niMX TO mMuaoB cuin. I. 8eatU& 3. lastChancft »■ Btefflwinder. 4. Ophir. S- Frederick. «.EtU. 7. Sin FnuMiMtt aSanJoM. 9l BtoMjM. 10. Los Animlw 11. Nickel Plate. 1& On Line, la Wood Line. 11 Rneka. !&• Brown Bear. 16. Mar Karliart 17. Exi No. I. t& Btt, Ma 2. 19. MaM. iO. La Veta. •21 Capital. 28. Alee a 2& Onaha. 24. Nebnaka. ih. HoOeBan. S«. Citole. 37. Bridal Veft Bailwa]u> Wagon Rondu,- IVtlla SiuBmit Uneti. - I THE MClFtC NORTHWiar •unt.1 ««■„ — ' ' J inmNO IN THB PACIFIC NORTHWEST. Range almost the whole width of the state. The course of the ledires Is generally northeast, and southwest. The original discoveries were Iron and copper pyrites carrying gold and silver, but more recently great ledges of free mllUng quarts have been found to parallel them. Discoveries began In 1891, and haves been steadily continued, with the Inevitable lull during the panic years, to the present time, and development wan prosecuted with renewed vigor during 1^. The principal discoveries were made by B. B. Robinson, P. K. Mills, Harry Barhart, Sherry McKlroy, William and James Irving, B. C. Ives, Fred Turner and J. M. Hamilton, the more recent by L. The May E>arhart mine, which promises to become the first producer, consists of Mx claims half a mile up Cedar river from the confluence of Bear Creek, and is owned by the Bbbinson Mining Company. The Iftdge has been broken over on the surface, so that It Ues almost flat, cropping out on the river bank to a great width under an iron capping, and is in a cor aot between granite and syenite. The first work done was to sink a shaft lu which the widthof t|ie ore was seven feet.. As, the accumulation of water oauned trouble in this shaft, a tuhnel wliiirun eighty-nine feet Into the hllL on a level with the top of the shaft, and diagonally with the course of the ledge, but over the top of the ore body. This shows the ore body to be fully forty feet wide, with no hanging wall in sight. Work was then resumed on the Shalt which is now down forty feet and shows the ledge to have straightened up. The ore la copper and iron salpnides, with a laxge propor- tion of silver and copper glance and pockets of bornite, and also contains a large quantity of hornblende carrying gold, the gangue being porphyry easy to mine. An average of four assays made from samples taken from the dump gave (14.98 gold, twenty-nine ounces silver. At that time the shaft was only down sixteen feet and there were 125 tons on the dump, from which thirty tons could be sorted averaging |100 a ton, the remainder averaging about $30. The shaft has since. been sunk to a depth of forty-three feet on the footwall, and is all the way In high-grade ore, which continually Improves in quality with depth. Assays made at various times during operation have shown much higher values than those given above, but the company is con- lent to rely upon these moderate results. There are about 300 tons of ore on the dump, of which about one-fourth is of high enough grade to ship. Two claims are on a cross ledge. The Brown Bear and Bureko, on the north extension of the May Barhart ledge across Bear Greek, are owned by B. C. Ives and othen. The ledge cropped out In the sldehlu with only four tnches of ore on the surface and a two-Inch stringer twenty feet distant, which is making for the ledge. A twenty-foot shaft showed the main pay streak to widen to sixteen inches and a ten-foot shalft on the feeder showed it to widen to eight inches, the ore being of the same character in every respect. as that taken from the May BKrhart shaft. .,,,.„. A short distance further up Cedar River are the Woodline and Online owned by B. B. Robinson and John Curry, on a thirty-foot ledge containing several streaks of sulphides. From a small shaft ore assaying about 190 gold and 14 per cent, copper has been taken. The most development work in the district has been done on the San Jose > group, now owned oy T. F. Townsley and .others, and perseverance In the I face of many discouragements has been rewarded by the discovery of a lai'ge I body of ore in the last tunnel. The main ledge crops out on the right baalc lof the creek, and running across, shows up again on the other side and runs |up the mountain diagonally from the left banK, with a blow-out on the right niank. The ledge niatter is porphyry and is forty feet wide where it shows In the solid granite formation, and the ore carries Iron and copper sul- lides, black oxide of copper carrying gold and silver. The course of the Ige Is about northwest and southeast, with a pitch of 95 degrees east. „ The first work done was a cross-cut 300 feet through the granite on the left bank, showing one ore body eight, feet wide and a number of stringers, anging from one to eight Inches. A shaft was sunk thirty-four feet on the ight-foot ore body, and a stope was raised thirty feet from the tunnel Imme- lately above the shaft. Assays of this ore averaged |9 to |U gold, sliver and 3pper, and a badly sorted shipment of ten tons made in 1894 returned 112 a Dn from the smelter. A shaft was then sunJc on the solid cropping to a epth of twenty feet, but proved not to be in the pay chute and was aban- oned. A cross-cut was next started on the left bank and continued for 180 leet, cutting through about forty feet of ore in a uroken formation, which parried |2 to |6 gold )ind would concentrate forty to one. A short tiinnel wim Itarted further up the creek, with a view to f oilQwlng a striifger eight to t6n .ches wide Into the main ledge, and In this ore was struck averaglhg pO to ' for all values. The following year a cross-cut was 'started on the Si&n ITose with a view to striking the ledge, but after It had been run 800 ftet ork upon It was suspended, as the cropplngs on the creek proved to be In a Ide which had crushed the ledge matter nearest the surface. Tills fact, had misled the owners as to the strike of the ledge. The proximity of lie main ore body was evidenced by the fact that the tunnebcut seven or rbt stringers, from four to eighteen Inches wide, the lowest assay from aich was 922 for alt values, white an elghteen-inch stringer showed an »;ei»ige of. $00 for all values. Including 27 per cent, copper. A shaft was* then Hi 48 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTH NVPJST. sunk on the mountain above, where the Btrlnpef was supposed to run Into the ledge, and the Junction was found In a brotcen formation. A tunnel was Btarted Immediately below this, and at the end of thirty-four feet entered a broken ledg« of talc and crushed quartas, highly mineralized with pyrites or Iron and copper, chalcopyrlte and pockets or bornlte. It was continued for 180 feet through this broken ledge matter, with frequeoit large bodies of chalcopyrlte ore, and then ran Into an unbroken ledge and continued alons the wall for fifteen feet. The gangue In this ledge Is porphynltlc quartz con- taining patches of white quartz and some calc-spar, and Is fairly well miner- alized with iron pyrites and some chalcopyrlte. The depth now gained Is ■eventy-flve feet and the tunnel will be continued along the wall, gaining depth rapidly. The general rnn of the ore in this property will well pay for concentration, and much of it is of high enough grade to pay for smeltlnK, whenever the road is extended to the mine. The free milling quartz claims located by L. Lewis last year are also owned by Mr. Townsley and hds as.sociates, and, though no work has yet been done, the surface showing Is so large and strong that development may prove them to eclipse the San Jose group in value, with the further advantage that they are evidently in the solid formation. The Ophir and two extensions are on a ledge, or rather dike, cropping in a great bluff up the mountain side, half a mile from and parallel with the San Jose ledge. The rock is quarts, carrviner feldspar, and In many places highly crystallized, and the dike is fully sixty feet wide. Several pieces knocked oft the surface at various points across the ledge gave an assay of eighteen ounces of gold and seven ounces silver. The Stemwinder aiid an extension are on a similar ledge, cropping to a width of at least 100 feet In two gulches which it crosses, only a few hundred feet from the Ophir ledge. Further up the same mountain a solid mass of the same kind of ore is exposed, 400x200 feet, on which the Seattle is located. This season's prospecting on these doposits will shotr the amount and value of the pay ore they carry, but they are certainly promising prospects. The Christina ledge, further up Bear Creek, below Bear Lake, is of good width, as yet undetermined, and Is in a broken formation; but a tunnel driven fifteen feet on It shows ore all the way, with one wall of slate, from which great cubes of quartz are taken. The ore carries copper pyrites and go'd, but, unlike the other ledges, contains no hornblende. Assays show (6 to ♦30 Si.'"' ^° ^° 20 per cent, copper, one giving as much as 75 per cent, copper. The Bridal Veil, owned by Sherry McElroy and William Irving, has a ledge cropping out under Bridal Veil falls, two miles above the May i!°'^^. ^'•°"' thTs po'lnt two Ms dlvelS. T^t« L VL ar*lr'?'^'' *° Samson's, the other up the middle fork via SpWt mnp« aI^L?!.. ^^'^rn ^'^""P' ^H <»stance In each case being about tlilt^ miles. Another trail leads up the Cispus RlVer and Quartz Creek, m % . ST. HELENS LEWIS. COWLITZ and SKAMAMA COL'NTIES. MAP MIOWINQ itOUTi; TO MINM . 1 A 1 W»;. «« ^ *i^ -- 1 ^ t ii < |v*'*< -^■^ '-irar 1 ? '^ *i.iL ail" i r » y Hi WASHINGTON. .. t'?e dis- covery for some time, but It ultimately induced a Mr. Witt, of Orcison, Veter Koontx, a hotelkeoper oi Toledo, and Ed Burbee, u merchant oi tliut tcwn, to go Into the wilderness. They returned for several succeeding years, but kept silent about their discoveries until othevs had penetrated the district, when they made a number of locations. In the meantime settlement had extended Into the foothills and lower valleys of the North Toutle. the new- comers being mostly Swedes and Oermans, and they cut tr^Ms and opened the way Into the mountains. The credit of making the mineral w^ltli of the district known to the world belongn to W. W. O'Connor, Botert Brown and A. Hoofer, who went up the North Toutle In the spring of 1892 and made several good locations on the main spurs of St. Helens. They were followed In a few weeks by Al Maker, Mr. Duffy and others, of Chehalis. Some exoltement followed and, the ledgeu being of large slae and carrying gold, sliver and copper, extrava- gant expectations were Indulged by those unfamiliar with the character of the ore. When they learned that it was refractory and could not be treated by the crude processee applicable to free milling ore, enthusiasm cooled somewhat, but prospecting continued and proved the district to abound In copper ore, rich In gold and stiver. The prospectors helped themselves before seeking the aid of others, and have enlisted Eastern capital to some extent' In the work of development, the principal Investments coming from Milwaukee. The country rock of the higher altitudes Is gneiss and schist, but in various localities porphyry occurs In dikes and overflows. The ore liodles are many and large, as shown by the comparatively little development which has been Judiciously done, and are equal to those of any other district in the Cascade*, ["he mineral belt extends through. all the mountain spurs of the district, but the ore of each locality has its peculiar cha,racterlatlcs. That of the Samson froup differs from that of nearly every other locality, while on the upper rortn Toutle the ore Is in true liseure veins of quarts averaging about nv feet In width and carrying much Iron sulphide, with frequent occurrences o( tolack sulphurets, and copper in many combinutions. This looalitj, however, has but little development. The Stack l|(punta4n Belt has well-denned fissure veins carrying iron pyrites, of which assays average fiiO gold, |30 silver. . The Shovel Lake country has an altitude of about 3,000 feet above the valley, [■crater lakes bedng an evldenoe of great volcanic disturbance. Some fuM I fissure veins have been opened, showing ore which carries sulphurets and lanagnetlc iron and assays about $70 gold, silver and copper. The Spirit Lake TBelt ... in a formation which gives evidence of great volcanic action. V^ry (limited development has shown bodies of ore carrying arseno-pyrlte, iron pyrlites and 4n some ledtses copper pyrites, all bearing gold. On Mining Creelc, Rrhere the first discoveries were made, development has in every instance ihown marked improvement in the ore, which carries copper, gold and silver, 1th copper predominating, and some galena, assays ranging from $2 to " gold. The Samson group comprises eighteen daims and one tunnel site on the j>per North Tovtle, near LudlofC's Pass, on the south slope of the Opat fountain Range. The whole mountain, about 3,600 feet high, is mineralised rith pyrites. On the Samson is a deposit so large that X8,000 expended In levelopment has not yet denned its extent. A tunnel has been run 190 feet, cross-cut 103 feeit and a shaft sunk thirty-seven feet at the bottom of a ilch, which is 100 feet deep. This shows a mass of talcose matter carrying on and copper pyrites, gray copper, traces of galena and native copper. Bsays of which run as high as |10 gold, several dollars silver, $60 copper. new tunnel has been started at greater depth. In one of the quartaMta .dges were found pockets six feet high, four feet wide and eight feet deep, ined thickly with cubes of Iron pyrites, quite regular and often as large as a dan's hand. The discovery was made in a guloh, and at the foot of the ountaln the decomposed ore, mixed With pulveti'',ed pumice stone and sand, 18 been f'eposited to a depth of twenty feet. This deposit assays 34 to $8 Did and lb held as placer ground. The Golconda group, southeaitft of the Samson, Includes two claims and a innel site, covering a body of ore in talcose slate and quartzite, of which psays run as high as $30 gold. A sixty-foot cross-i-ut shows ore the whole ' inoe tfin^ar to iSa' SiuSibii, ihe Sweden and Norwur ^oup, oomptlslng four claims on the northeast r Of Spirit Lake, are iHi OVe Assure teins wit% wMl-deflned walls. A thirty- p^ar^.ii^ "M-f'.fT" 60 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. foot tunnel showed rich copper ore carrying $5 gold, and the ore shows con- tinuous improvement. Some fifteen test pits around the lake show good ore. On the divide between the heads of the North Toutle and Le vis Rivers veins of free milling gold quartz were discovered last fall, one of them con- taining red ore similar to that of Cripple Creek. The St. Helens Gold Mining Company, of Milwaukee, owns two groups of claims on Mining Creek, on which It has established a camp and done a large amount of prospecting, preliminary to vigorous work this season. The Minnie Alice lode embraces four well-deflned veins between syenite walls, all pointing to one center, which will be reached by a 300-foot tunnel at a depth of 100 feet. A tunnel tot this purpose has been run forty feet. Each of these veins has its distinctive characteristics. One has quartz gangue carrying much copper and iron oxides, and some copper and Iroi. pyrites; another la much decom- posed and stained with copper and iron; another has heavy spar gangue carrying argentiferous galena. A mile further up Mining Creek this company owns the Athens group of ten claims, on each of which prospecting has been done. On the Copper Bottom a timnel has been started and a shaft sunk eleven feet, showing very fine copper ore carrying gold, silver and some lead. On the Bumble Bee a twenty-foot shaft shows a well-doflned fissure vein four and one-half feet wide, with eight and ten inch pay streaks carrying copper, galena, much iron pyrites and some blende. Jn the Wisconsin a. shaft is down six feet, showing three feet of iron pyrites and arseno-pyrlte. A twelve-foot shaft on the Snowfiake shows three and one-half feet of ore carrying galena and some blende. A four-foot ledge on the i'uck Hornet carries iron and copper pyrites. All these claims will probably bf (!cJveloped by a tunnel about 2,000 feet long, which would tap the main group at a depth of 600 feet and from that point would gain foot for foot In depth. Near the head of the Norch Toutle, live miles south of the Samson, A. Hoofer, T. W. Shultz alid Victor Carlson have the Chicago, on which a twenty-foot open cut shows a ledge twelve to fourteen feet wide between syenite walls with six to seven feet of solid copper ore, native copper showing in bunches throughout. The Mountain Fairy, owned by the Bennett sisters; the Mary, Jackpot, Royal Flush, Tran.svaal and Mount Hood, are in the vicinity of the Chicago and are nearly all of the same character. These ctalms are mostly new discoveries, with little development, but the Mountain Fairy shows a fine body of ore. The Toledo group consists of six claims, owned by Charles and Joseph Schmand, E. C. Weiler and J. H. Spanglor, on the North Toutle five miles west of Camp Samson. On the Toledo tunnels sixty and twelve feet long show a five-foot ledge carrying iron and copper pyrites. A tunnel on the Bonanza shows a Iwlge averagings, two feet, with eight Inches of galena and iron pyrites. On the Carbonate a cross-cut tunnel has been started to tap the ledge at a depth of 120 feet. The Last Hope shows a body of pyritic ore about 100 feet wide, carrying some copper, on which a tunnel is in twelve feet On the Cinnabar a shaft is down twelve .'cet on similar ore. but the width of the ledge Is not defined. A sixty-foot tunnel on the Star shows two feet of ore. On Grizzly Creek, two miles south of Camp Samson, is the Grizzly, owned by J. W. and Gertie Shultz. A twenty-foot tunnel shows a well-deuued ledge of heavily mineralized quartz six to seven feet wide. Messrs. Koontz, Witt and Burbee have sunk a shaft thirty-six feet on the Crystal and done considerable work on the Black Falls, showing good bodies of copper ore. The Polar Star, owned by W. Gray, Thomas Gray and James Pyron, Is one of the best copper properties, assaying as high as $30 and $40 in gold alone. Frank Thorne and James Pyron have fine prospects on the Cross Lode and Kentucky Belle, assays running about $55 silver. Many other prospects have good surface showings. The district is now comparatively accessible through the opening of about 150 miles of pony trail with easy grade, Including the three main trails already described. Two packtrains are running regularly, one up the North Toutle the other up the Olspus and Quartz Creek. The development of this district will ere long justify the construction of a branch railroad, which would also draw much traffic from the opening of the coal fields in the foothills. 3Z > S) > L30 H WHITE HORSE. The whole watershed of the north fork of the Stillaguamlsh River, cover- ing a strip from Arlington, at the confluence of the fork^ of that atr^jn including Whit 3 Horse Mountain, on whicHhe north fork has fta mS^S! and extending oyer to the Sauk River near Darrlngton Is comDrlBwl within an unorganized district. Like the adjoining dlstrictf on the non*h and SuthI tMI P*Clt-'ii NOflTHWSIT MIJtlKrO IK THfi PACIT'. KOftl^BWflflT. tt has granite and porphyry as the country rock, with frequent belts of slatK this formation bring cut by numerous ledges of iron and copper pyrlteS' an« arsenical Iron, of grewt strength and traceable over the mountains for great distances. One of these ledges, forming the backbone of White Horse Mount- ain, Is fully 100 feet wide and is richly mineralised with copper pyrites, and on Oold Mountain, near Darrington, a dike of cinnabar carrying quicksllvei* has recently been discovered. These properties are generally in the bands of the original locators and only a limited amount of development has been done on them, but It has usually made good showings, sufficient to warrant further exploration of the ore bodies. The White Horse District is easily accessible from Seattle. The outfitting point is Arlington, on the Seattle & International Ra;Ilroad, sixty miles froni Seattle. Thence a county rua/d leads up the north fork to the headwaters and oyer the ridge to Darrington, a distance of twenty-eight miles f another road leads down the Sauk to Sauk City at its mouth, twenty-six miles, and another up that river to Monte Cristo, at the head of ite south fork, twenty- seven miles. Thus the district is quite accessible from several directions, and the Sauk City road is a good one, teams having hauled 3,300 poundo over ii;. It is also within easy reach of a smelter, Arlington being only thirty»foar miles distant by rail from Everett and lOfiT miles from Ta^oma. This mineral belt begins about four miles east of Arlln:^ton. As was th"? case with most mining districts in the Cascades, the *'..st prospecting was done for placer gold, borne pay dirt was found in clay benches and bar» along Deer Creek, which enters the north fork from t'le north about twelve miles east of Arlington, and an attempt was made to reduce it to a condition for washing, but the process was too slow and the attempt was abandoned* as cradle rocking and sluicing were out of the question. The pretence of float in the Stillaguamlsh first led to prospecting fof quartz ledges six years ago, when the Welman, on White Horse Mountain, was discovered by Charles Welman and "Victor Thorp. It has a fourteen-inch ledge of sulphurets carrying $94 gold. Aroused by this discovery, the pros- pectors pushed their explorations, and the Schloman ledge, carrying threes feet of iron and copper sulphides, was located in 1892. A twenty-seven foot: tunnel on this ledge has showrt ore assaying $27.70 gold, $9.80 silver, and a.. mill test showed $17.75 gold, $7 silver, $5.60 copper, a total of $30.35. Meanwhile Charles Burns, Knute Neste and Sorcn Bergersen had in May^. 1890, .made a number of discoveries on Jumbo Mountain. The country roolc is here syenite and quartzite cut by serpentine dikes. The two Hunter ctalmis are on a true fissure ledge running a little south of east and north of west^ three feet wide and having on the walls a nine-inch pay streak of sulphld4 ore carrying gold and silver near the summit. A thirty-foot tunnel l.SOO feet below the summit shows galena, gold and silver, assaying $20 gold, 8 to 4V ounces sliver, 10 per cent, copper and 4 per cent. lead. The White Qender ledge, which Is considered the best on this mountain, and on which Ai Hi Andrews, of Toledo, Ohio, has two claims, carries three feet of solid' o«Mi arsenical iron and copper pyrites carrying gold and silver. Three claims oil two parallel ledges complete this group. On the Pelican ledge a twelve-foot tunnel shows twelve inches of white arsenical iron carrying $12 gold. On the Kejrwlnder a seventy-five foot tunnel 1,500 feet below the summi/t shows thre« feet of quartz carrying copper sulphides with gold and sliver. A ten-foot tunnel on the Courtney shows a three-foot ledge carrying $8,50 gold, 14 per cent, copper, 15 ounces silver and 4 per cent. lead. On the Mttnley a 130-foot tunnel 800 feet below the summit shows a thirty-six inch streak of copper pyrites carrying $8 gold, though copper is the predominant value. A tunnel has been started 600 feet lower, showing the same width of ore between' yfteHU defined walls of quartzite. , What appears to be the mother lode of White Horse Mountain wa» dta- covered by Charles Burns in July, 1895, and is covered by the Hannah group, of five claims, owned by Albert H. Andrews, of Ohio, Knute Neste and SbreA Bergersen. It cuts the granite formation for over two miles, for ^HOMft distance it can be traced to the almost uniform width of three feet, as apjlBkirs whenever openings have ben made on it. For the whole width It is solVj oi«b, assaying $19.85 gold, 41 ounces silver, 30 per cent, copper. Adjoining the Hannah ledge on the east is the Highland group of five claims, owa«|t. by Messrs. Andrews and Neste, showing eighteen inches of similar ore, etdJWfl^ng $20 gold, 16 to 40 ounces silver, 18 per cent, copper. The Jesse shows nine to eighteen inches of pay ore carrying the same minerals. In the Buckeye ledge, extending through two claims, Messrs. Tvete and Johnson, of Arlington, Knute Neste and A. H. Andrews have a small pay streak on the surface and in a nine-foot tunnel on the Buckeye Bai^n 2,500 feet below the summit, where silver is the predominating vaiUe. The Qreen Crown ledge runs north and south through ttro clalnUt and forms the backbone of White Horse Mountain. It Is about 100 feet WldeTwith nnmerous stringers of blackish quartz about ten inches thick, and is 8ot:?nS In copper pyrites that a blowpipe test leaves a button of purS oopi flourtk; the siae of the original piece of ore. Assays run about ' SiMtuuMs Bilv«r, 2< to 4B per cent, copper. The meat recent vai««bl« discovery in this district was made in. July, UgKt lie MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWHST. by Charles -Burns on Gold Mountain, on the east bank of the Sauk River, within half a mile of Darrlngton Postoffice. All the claims on this mountain are owned by Mr. Andrews, with the exception of two. There are three main groups on this mountain, chief among them being the Gold Mountain group of eight claims. Three of these are on the Burns ledge, which is readily traceable over the summit and down the east side, showing four feet of ore carrying $26.65 gold, 8 ounces silver, 18 per cent, copper. On the Moline ledge are three claims, which have an eighteen-inch streak of chalcopyrite carrying |18 to $36 gold, 14 ounces silver, 32 per cent, copper. The two other claims in this group are on a ledge showing three feet of gray copper ore which carries $20 gold and a trace of silver. The mineral has broken through the capping In many places on all these ledges and crops for several hundred feet. The side of the mountain is covered with float, some pieftes weighing a ton or more. The Myrtle C. group consists of nine claims on seven parallel ledges. Three claims are on a ledge showing a nine-inch pay streak of gray copper ore on the surface, an assay of which ran $20 gold, 26 per cent, copper, a trace of silver. Another string of three has a twelve-inch streak of copper pyrites carrying $26 gold, 18 per cent, copper. The other three claims have a three- foot vein of gray copper ore on the north line; a six-foot ledge of solid chalcopyrite carrying $18 gold, 18 ounces silver, 30 per cent, copper, lies aeVenity-Hve feet to the southward; a ledge carrying ninfe Inches to three feet of gray copper ore runs along the center of the string of claims. On the south side of these claims are two other ledges of gray copper ore, each carrying a three-foot pay streak, beside which there are bodies of reddish quartz ten to twelve feet wide, carrying $8 to $12 gold. On the north of some of the pay streaks is a body of cinnabar, heavily charged with quicksilver, and showing tree gold to the naked eye. Assays on the whole group range from $8 to $26 gold, 8 to 41 ounces silver, 18 to 32 per cent copper. The Justin group of three claims is on the southeast side of the mountain and has a ledge showing twelve feet of red iron capping 2,000 feet down the side and three feet of gray copper ore at the summit, carrying about the same value as the other groups. O'l the Forest Hope ledge, where Stacy B. Emens owns two and Mr. Andrews one claim, there is eight feet of ore crop- ping for 1,000 feet. About 500 feet bolow the summit it splits Into three ledges, four, five and six feet wide respectively. About twenty assays have been made, ranging from $6 to $36 gold, 8 to 41 ounces sliver, 10 to 18 per cent, copper. On the north wall of this streak of mineral lies a dike of cinnabar from which, it Is said, one can break a piece and, holding one's hand under it, can caich enough quicksilver to till the palm. The ledge has be>en prospected by nature ao thoroughly that a small amount of labor would give vast bodies of Ore in sight. Gold Mountain has one peculiarity which gives it a great advantage for mining purposes, in that it faces towards the southwest and thus catches the full force of the warm ocean winds from that direction. This melts the snow from its whole slope as early as from the valleys and prevents such a depth of »now a*= will interfere with traffic or mining operations. THE SKAOIT GOFFEB EELT. Oae le of the most notable discoveries of the past year was that the greait gold-bearing belt of copiier ore, which is being worked in the Coast district of British Columbia on the north and in the SUverton, Sultan, Index, Money Creek and Cedar River Districts on the south, crops out in the foothills of the Cascade Range for miles along the Skagit River. The presence of the capping of magnetic iron has been known for years and has led to the erroneous Impression that this mineral ran down into the earth, but only recently has it been proved that it was merely ine capping of the copper ores similar In character to those of Trail Creek, Boundary Creek, the Kettle River District of the Colville Itesorvation, the SUverton, Sultan, Index and other districts west Of the Cascade summit. ThlB district has the advantage of being eTisily accessible and of having the mineral depo.slts at so low an elevation that snow rarely lies any length of time and worli can be continued without difficulty the year round. The Iirinriijal discoveries are on what Is known as Iron Mountain, on the south bank of the Skagit River, opilosite the town of Hamilton, but prospecting h 3 rapidly traced the belt, even in midwinter, along the foothills to Marble Mount and up the S.iuk River. Hamilton is the eastern terminus of the Seattle & Northern Railroad, nnd is distant only ninety-four miles by that road, and the Seattle & In.drnatlonal road from Seattle, while the former road extiends to tide water at Anacortes, thirty-four miles west, and the latter connects with the Everett & Monte Crlsto Railroad at Snohomish. Thus a haul of slxty-efght miles would take the ore to the smelter at Kverett, and 135 miles to that at TacQma. The Skagit River Is navigable for good-sized .steamers as far as Hamilton, and for light-draft steamers as far as Portage, MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 33 forty-two miles further and eight miles above Marble Mount. The ore from Iron Mountain could be dumped almost from the mines on board steamers, which would take it by water to the smelter at very low rates. With both fallroad and steamer transportation at its doors, the district has every opportunity of rapid development. Iron Mountain, the scene of the principal discoveries, is also the scene of the most active developmemt. It is the easterly one of two rounded peaks rising 2,500 feet above the river and 2,800 feet above the sea, almost directly from the south bank of the Skagit, opposite Hamilton, Cumberland Creek nowing between them. The more westely of the two peaks Is known as Coal Mountain, its geological formation being entirely different from that of Iron Mountain. It is of sandstone and contains numerous veins of coal, henoe its name. Iron Mountain and the country six miles eastward, as far as Birds- view, is formed of schist and dlorltj, which Is cut off near the latter place by the granitic rocks of which the main trunk of the Cascade Range Is built. This belt Is cut by ledges of copper pyrites, carrying gold and a little silver, in a coursp ""i degrees south of east and north of west, with a dip to the south- west. Th J first mineral was discovered on Iron Mountain in 1881 by J. J. Connor, whose attention was concentrated on iron ore. He found magnetic iron on the surface of the Mabel claim and brought it to Seattle to be tested. He obtained a button so thickly coated with copper that he at first thought it was entirely composed of that metal. He then had assays made which showed the ore to carry 4.80 per cent, copper, 35 per cent, magnetic iron, 4% ounces silver and a trace of gold. Considering the ore of too low grade to work for gold, silver and copi^er, and having his mind fastened on iron, he continued his explorations in search of richer iron ore. He discovered the Tanoma ledge in 1887 and shipped twenty tons from the surface to the Irondale smelter, lear Port Townsend, but in the course of his mining he again struck iron and copper sulphides carrying gold. Still bent upon having an iron mine, he avoided this point also in his search for mineral. Others made the same mistake, for W. D. O'Toole, now register of the United States Land Office at Seattle, patented seven claims in the same vicinity. L. F. Menage, of Minneapolis, obtained patents to 900 acres, organ- ized the Puget Sound Iron Company, and in 1890 and 1891 spent a large amount of money on surface prospecting, but only gained slight depth. Thus the true nature of the mineral remained a mystery, for Mr. Menage failed in the panic of 1893 and his operations on Puget Sound came to an end. These deposits of magnetic iron were the subject of frequent comment and gave ri.se to the belief that they might be made the basis of a great Iron and steel Industry on Puget Sound. These discoveries long ante-dated the similar discoveries In the Trail and Boundary Creek Districts of British Columbia, but It remained for the latter districts, through the pluck and persistence of a coterie of Spokane lawyer.s, to prove the wealth concealed beneath the capping. Mining experts have examined the Skagit deposits and made learned reports on them as iron deposits. Other experts examined the capping of magnetic and oxidized iron on the ledges of Trail Creek and declared them worthless as gold mines. Development has proved them to have been wrong in both cases and they • .tve since been occupied in revising their opinions to fit the newly discovered ri:e credit of the discovery of the true nature of the Skagit mineral belt hrM.>r's:s to E. C. Strong, a miner of long experience in Colorado, who now resiiiofc tl Hamilton. In October, 1896, he visited anotner supposed iron deposit in the Cleveland group, on Mount Cleveland, Money Creek District, and found that In prospecting those claims Peter Cysen had uncovered a clearly defined ledge of Iron and copper pyrites on the side of the mountain. He examined the capping and found It similar to that of the Skagit ledges. On his return to Hamilton he questioned Mr. Connor on the subject of indications of copper and the Information he thus obtained confirmed his opinion. Further con- flrmation was furnished by an examination of the croppings and he then prospected systematically for copper signs. He sank a shaft by contract wlih the owners of the Everett claim and at slight depth ran through the magnetic iron into copper sulphides, thus proving finally the correctness of his theory that the magnetic Iron was merely a capping. Assays have since proved that the ore is valuable for gold, silver and copper. The highest obtained from the surface was 20 per cent, copper, % ounce gold, b ounces silver, the aggregate value being $44. The news of this discovery caused a general renewal of activity and attracted numbers of prospectors, who have traced the copper belt along the Skagit foothills beyond Marble Mount and southeast for fifteen miles up the Sauk Valley, fully 150 new locations having been made. After vears of neglect, the district is at last in a fair way to be developed and the prospect is that several camps will be opened this spring. Iron Mountain, the scene of the discovery, is votned throughout with sreat ledges of the character already described, rarg;ing In width frotn e:»ilit ta thirty feet, with chutes of ore ranging from 100 \o 300 feet long. The Evt let' on which Mr. Strong made his notable discovery, is owned by W. M. Mt.^ck- intosh and Dr. Q. B. McCulloch, and has a ten-foot ledge on which the snart M MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. is just beg'lnni'nc to show the change from magnetic Iron to copper pyritM. The most vigorous development Is In progress on the Hamilton group of five claims, owned by tho Hamilton Copper and Gold Mining Company. Four of these claims are on one ledge varying from eight to thirty feet in width, while the fifth shows croppings six feet wide. Six men are sinkii\g a ahktt on an ore chute in the main ledge, and at a depth of ten feet took out ore aBsaying from $18 to $44 for all values, including 7 to 20 per cent, copper. At this writing the shaft is down twenty-flv© feet and the ore carries coKPer pyrites, with chalcopyrite coming in. On the same mountain J. J. Conner and E. C. Strong have the Last Chance ajid Star on a parallel ledge with the Everett and an extension on that le44;e, and Mr. Conner, H. S. Conner and Judge Henry McBride have the Tacona and Scottish Chief on a third ledge, on which they are sinking a shaft. The Little Pittsburg group of three claime, owned by W. H. Hainsworth and Pnmuel Thompson, is on a ledge varying from eight to twelve feet, and seveml open cuts have been made through the capping and shown copper ore carrying firold and silver. The O'Toole group of seven claims, which has been patented by Reerister W. D. O'Toole of the Land Oftice as Iron property, lies mostly on one ledgre along Marietta Creek, two and one-half miles southeast of Hamilton, and the ledge will be croas-cut by a tunnel which has now penetrated between fifty and sixty feet. Six miles further up the south side of the Skagit, above Old Birdsvlew, David Kellogg and others, of Seattle, have fourteen claims on a series of ledges from five to twenty-five feet wide on the surface, which they have traced from the river to the summit of the mountain, in every case showing copper stains and in some places streaks of chalcopyrite. In the bed of a oreek near Birdsvlew Mr. Kellogg found pieces of float in which chalcopyrite and galena were mixed. In the same vicinity Messrs. Thompson and Fitz- gerald have seven claims and Harry Tappan has three. The recent influx of prospectors has traced the same belt onward beyond Marble Mount. A. Von Pressentin has four claims near Sauk City, twenty- four miles above Hamilton, and on the foothills north of Marble Mount, ten ■ailes further up, E. C. Strong, William Perry, of Anacortes, F. S. Backus, of Hamilton, and John Russner, of Marble Mount, have begun work on a group of eight claims, with ledges cropping eight to fifteen feet wide. On Dispasi Creek, which runs into the Skagit five miles above Marble Mount, C. H. Landers, A. E. Hardy and John Siegfried have during February located six c'lalms on a Jedge of quartz carrying copper and gold, with some .Indications of nickel. f o rr » -^ THE CASCADE. Among the earllesi mineral discoveries In the Cascade Range was the faiena district at the head of the Cascade River, one of the headwaters of the kagit. Tradition dates It back to one of a party of soldiers, who were cominsr across the summit from Port Colville to Fort Vancouver, about twenty years i§°' ct'v.^ ""^^ found a piece of rich float and afterwards returned and located the Soldier Boy claim. But it was not till many years later that the dis- coveries occurred which led to the Inrush of prospectors, for the district was then almost inaccessible, and only 4n the early 90's were trails made from the east and west to open it to packhorses. i?'**®^®^^'^? '^^i' routes into the district. One is by the Seattle & Inter- national Railroad to Woolley, eighty miles, thence by the Seattle & Northern Kallroad to Hamilton, fourteen miles; thence by wagon road to Marble Mount, thirty-four miles; thence by road six miles, and by trail twenty-four miles, «■ *"! Cascade Pass. From the east the district may be reached from Wenatchee, on the Great Northern Railroad, by the steamer City of Ellens- ^l^hl?f l^t^^^^^^}]^ Landing, forty miles, and stage to Chelan, two and ?!?nJ!«io„ iif^i.®"^ *J^^ steamer to Chelan Falls, thirty-nine miles, and sta,ge iffie^Ch^eYal.!^^^^^^^^^^^ ]^a%l^a%*o^ll'"danc1otl'hfrVLML^"'^ °-'- "^ «*-*«^-" *° **>« C-^**- I. n^rfh?„°a"t"nn*;?\l" fl?'^ district are formed of granite, of which the direction IL^^ !iS^^L^ ^"^ southwest, and are cut in the same course by true fissure i?2^?^ '''aI"^'^**.^*'^'"^^*?^ »^'^"*' '""O" ••^"i:»vf5^ Siu^ajs^aw? ■•/■ n[l>ii:3-iM:SJ< ^' '^- ./.: rmils - . - - . Miiniinit l.iiK>ii [TH» PAClfir, NOftTHWIItT ..i^^4,aaw»*^ Cascade River 9 and rinMinKder Creek I \i a ClXZi nv^, Hwayr ' \ • milea from Casci CaBcade'B sovera The discover; John C. Rouse v. the Hummlt the i on the rim of Do summit and crop Boston claim anc of that year Oil that ledge. The Boston, < the greatest sho^ Boston Glacier, great body of ga which Is divided at this point to i side of the glach wall showed gale five foot tunnel thickness of the four feet. Assa little gold, and t per ton. Below the Be sulphides In the i held by Gilbert ] run to strike the streaks of galeni Southeast of Ventura, or Sai Consolidated Mil defined three-foo samples from wl jind $4.40 gold. West of the TEldorado group ■for some dlstanc % higher and ihows three feet id SOlld M MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWB8T. galena. Samples taken for the full width between the wall» In e^ch of thes* tunnels, nn.l k«<»"u1 toRether. Kave an aBHay of |fil.7& for all valueH. A number of ledRes parallel with the Soldier Boy cut the curve of the baHln but have had little work done on them. On one of these R. A. Osterly and others iSivo the Orand Republic group of thre^> claims on which tunnels iwenty-live and rtfteen feet and a twenty-tlve-foot open cut show a nine-Inch pay Htreak carrylnR about |40 for all values. On other ledge« with about aa much pay ore are the St. Patrick and Nip and Tuck. The sail .■ mineral foriTiatlon extends acrosH to the middle and south forkj of the Cascade, where the granite Is cut by dikes of (iiiartzlte, gnelsa and schist The largest group, consisting of six claims, Is the Fourth of July, owned" by Josei)h Rlgby, of Omaha. One ledge shows twenty-four Inches of ore In a fourteen-foot shaft and fifteen-foot open cut, carrying galena, car- bonates and sulphurets to the value of $,''.0 and upwards In gold and silver. Another ledge showing twelve Inches of $S0 ore In the cropplngs will be tapped by a cross-cut, now In forty feet. Another ledge shows sixteen Inches of pay ore In a thirty-five foot cross-cut, as.^ays showing 13 per cent, copper, besides good gold and silver values. Below this, on the Granite, Thomas Barrett, of Woolley, has shown up sixteen Inches of pay ore In a four-foot ledge by means of a ten-fool sliaft, and on the Jumbo he has ten Inches of pay ore, though a forty-foot tunnel on the ledge has not penetrated to the ore chute showing In the cropplngs. Half a mile below this he has the Homestake on a Hvo-foot ledge, in which several small streaks aggregating sixteen to eigh- teen Inches assay from $40 upwards. tniarlea L. Pollard has the Michigan group of five claims on two parallel ledges which have been traced for L.'iOO feet. One of these is live feet wide, with a sixtcen-lnch pay streiik showing on th wall of a tunnel run sixty-five feet along the ledge. Two assays show i;i2 ounces silver, fiO per cent. lead and tS gold- 204 ounces silver, 40 per cent. !■ id, $;i gold. Southwest of this group Thomas Barrett has the Black Canyon on a four and one-half foot ledge, in which an open cut twelve feet long shows twelve Inches of good galena ore. A great blow-out of oxidized Iron which has been traced 4,000 feet up the mountain from the south fork Is covered by Richard Joy and Joseph Peraud with the Cascade group of three claims. A s:xly-flve foot tunnel shows a ten-inch streak of black sulphurets and iron pyrites carrying gold and silver. SLATE CREEK. By D'j ii^lass Allmond, of Anacortes. The mining reylon? of t. ^ Skagit Valley, for the sake of convenience, may be divided into five dl 'Irot districts, as follows: Slate Creek District, em- bracing the couptri' iv v .' oen the Slate Creek summit and the mouth of Ruby Creek; Thunder Crttl: L»lstrict, including all that section drained by Thunder Creek; Cascade District, the country about Cascade River; Monte Crlsto District, at the headwaters of the Sauk, and Hamilton District, including all that section of the valley from Marble Mount to tide water. The route to the Slate Creek District from Seattle is by the Seattle & Inter- national Railroad to Woolley, eighty miles, and thence by the Seattle & Northern to Hamilton, fourteen miles. From Hamilton a good road can be followed up the Skagit Valley to Marble Mount, thirty-four miles, and from that point a pony trail leads to the mouth of Ruby Creek, the western boundary of the district, twenty-nine miles, and to the headwaters of Slate Creek, twenty-five miles further, with branch trails to the various sections of the district. From the head of Slate Creek a trail leads down the Methow Klver for fifteen miles and a wagon road thence to Ives Landing, seventy-flve miles. The Slate Creek District Includes Ruby, Canyon, Granite, Mill and a num- ber of lesser streams and the country north toward the International boundary line. The principal mines, however, are near the headwaters of Slate Creek, hence its name. The first discoveries in this country were made nearly twenty years ago by a man named Rowley. Then prospectors looked for placers only, but as the placer ground was limited, the creeks were difficult to handle, the cost of getting to the camp was enormous, and the trip extremely hazardous, the camp was short lived, although upwards of 2,B00 men went In the first season an-, fully $100,000 worth of dust was taken out. In those days the only route to the diggings was through British Columbia. After abandoning the district for twelve or thirteen years, prospectors again went in, and not succeeding very well In getting at the placer gold, turned their attention to prospecting for ledges. On and on they pressed, until, on nearing the source of Slate Creek, they found that some of the gold In the creek carried particles of quartz. But at first the ledges could not be found, so It was determined to dig for them. The result was that a number ot blind leads were located, some of them proving very rich. One of the first and also one of the most valuable finds was the Eureka "Kuma M iHt rtiM TnOt. -— .■ **n>»Uiisiir — 4« torn am. 4a ■ooHTAiv ru 4« CtlMAX. M It. aocK U HARW«T«9m. (LAft cans I. I»K. s. nuM cir I. c^LurauiiA. t. nVBUTM. a toeAaj.»TAa. T. raeoMua ft MxoiLaoft 0Bev«. •> Mviaox. Ift lUBU. _ 13. AbBOBA. .( lut-j.- 1*. noTiravot 5i 5?SSt« !«. unxB munr £ iiSSR liffiSSi. £^^» M Mtroa, ■T, BOAIH « aABWff. ri. wBiioo* Mi. Jxmik. n. BADJUX. ti. n»rpnr> T» JUUa9T tr TtmnABTj MAP SHOWING ROUTE TO NllfB% n AUFBA. H BABuira 1 ¥!N1N0 IN THI PStCme HOdTMWItT, :.^-ii tiiiiiJ :J MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. IT group, which was located In 1893, Its owners Incorporating under the name of the Eureka Mining Company of Anacortes In 1895. In this group are six quartz and two placer claims. These are all situated on the eastern slope of Slate Hill, and, except the Lowman, are extensions on the Eureka lode. Slate Hill is a part of a spur of the main Cascade Range, and with Benson Mountain forms the divide between Slate Creek, the waters of which find their way into the Skagit, and the headwaters of the Similkanrieen River. After running westerly about three miles this spur turns to the south and forms the divide between Slate Creek and Canyon Creek. The spur Is composed mainly of slate, with poryhyry overlying or capping the summit In places. The Eureka lode, the only one on Slate Hill on which any systematic mining has been done, is probably the principal lode of the hill. Nowhere does it show any out- cropping, being covered with from four to eight feet of earth, the top two feet being soft earth and the rest a hard cement compounded of clay with oxide of Iron. At the Eureka this surface dirt was stripped off for about forty feet in length and thirty feet in width, exposing the ledge. In this process of stripping the cement was washed through a primitive cradle and yielded good wages. The ledge thus exposed is thirty feet between wallo. The quwta, which extends from wall to wall with verj little slate intermixed, is much decomposed and mixed with oxide of iron. The entire ledge assays high in free milling gold. Seemingly there is little difference in value of any part of lit. Pieces picked up at random, being broken, usually show free gold. The ledge run ; nearly north and south, parallel with Slate Hill, dipping to the east about 70 degrees, the walls, so far as exposeu, being well dteflned. A shaft 5x9 feet, starting on the east side or hanging wall, was sunk in 1895 to a depth of fifty-four feet. At this depth a cross-cut was run six feet to the footwall, s 4d was then run in the opposite direction twenty-four feet without reaching tue hanging wall, making thirty feet of solid quartz, all well mlnerallzeu and assaying well in gold. The ledge shows ir the shaft to a depth of twenty-five feet the same brown iron oxidized ore as on the surface. At this depth It changes to a hard white quartz, impregnated with fine iron pyrites, carrying gold apparently in a free state, as several tests show It will amalgamate to 80 per cent, of the assay value. Work in this shaft was abandoned late In the fall of 1895, owing to the difficulty of hoisting the ore by hand. A tunnel was then started further to the east and below the shaft. Work was continued in 1896 and the tunnel is now In 270 feet. This will cut the ledge at a deptb of 124 feet perpendicular below the shaft. The mine can be easily worked; by comnaratlvely short tunnels to a depth of 1,400 feet, this being the level of the creek. The ore carries $30 in gold, apparently ft«e mUlbig even when In sulphuretr. The Back group of five claims is situated on the western slope of Benson Mountain, a part of the «ame spur as Slate Hill, and Is distant from the Eureka g Dup about three miles. There are two parallel ledges, about' 400 feet aparr, with three claims on one and two on the other. These claims are owned by Melville Curtis, A. M. Barron and H. H» Soule, all of Anacort«s> The veins run northeasterly and southwesterly, with a dip of 80 d^re«B northvresterly. The outcrop Is well defined and is traceable through all tl«* claims. The qua: tz shows •.rom three to six feet in width, with a slat» Jdot- wall, and porphyry in places on the hanging vail. The quartz is generally white, carrying very little oxide of iron. It carries gold, silver and a snan quantity of copper, an average of fpurvan^c^ys driving 8% ounces goldand'Sl ounces silver. Tunnels have been started on three claims and are In from iwpnty to fifty feet. Situated on the nMehlll, all these claims can be worked from one main tunnel to a depth of 1,200 feet. The Mammoth, also on Benson Mountaln» and near the Beck group, iM owned by Messrs. Risley and Wobdin. It is a foiir-foot ledge, from which some very rich ore has been taken. Very little development work has been done, however, although the surface showing would seem to warrant It. Northerly from the Eureka group and on the Canyon Creek slope of Slate Range, Is the Excelsior, owned by Mesrrs. Benson and Templar. This Is a six-foot lead, well defined, but of comparatively low grade, shown by an open # cut and short tunnel. Four mUes northwesterly from the Eureka is whi^tlSi knowa as the^jApf- corteu grouDL near ! he headwaters of . Cascade branch, of Canypn Creek. Probably thirty claims havo be*n here located, andwlthoiU; douM some, of the richest ore ever taken from any raining camp came fronoH some of the iMgee.of this locality, fhe first location waf* ma4e In IWJ, In 1895, ten pounda olTore froffi the Ahaoortee claim yielded $76.^ In gold. The ledge, f rota wbwm thl*,rlch rock w«us taken runs through foMr claims otth#_Ai»cprteagrot«t. which, with four others, are owned by J. H. Youipg,, T, B. ChJW*. P- ^'}i»lm^ D.. M, Woadbuxy. M, S. Smith, John Ruasner and Douglass AUmoaC, The le^tee 4a ^mall, not aho wing over twenty inohes. hi any .pi»<»- Eleven nu^^ed f^ up tlie hifl from where the rich rockef i8«5 was taken the ledce waB,a«pM» uiMio.verad and very rich rook struck* Surface work only, has been don«^0|t ttii^ property. TlieJoTOvnt.PetniLaiapgBlde the AnaoorCes, has. a, ledge four feet b«ftMM»i w»ite>t1S^g*nirtt« belW. )f rich ore, carrying gold in a free state and alst) in black sulphur^t 5>.V • nt^3 of ore have been made, yielding, it is said, $100 in gold per ton. The Rockefeller, owned by John McCullough and Jamu >. ■ , *s on Slate Hill. A ton shipment of ore yleldec' good results. The 'iEmi» -ck group of four claims on Slate Mountain is own?d by C. F. Megquiei, H. Havekost and P. W. Law. A flfty-foot tunnel has been run on a four-foot ledgo. The ore carries gold and a small quantity of silver and copper. While placer mining on a small scale will not, in all probability, over be a success on Ruby or Canyon or their tributaries, there Is every reKson to hope that with proper appliances, hydraulicking will prove remunnt venerable but vigorous mining recorder, In company with S. S. Hawkins and Moses Splawn, traveled up Camp Creek and on Hawkins Mountain traced three parallel ledges carrying iron sulphurets. From that time forward prospecting traced the belt twenty miles down the Cle-elum from its head ana east and west for fifteen miles as already outlined. The best developed propert" is the Aurora group of five claims on Mam- moth Mountain, owned by John and Timothy Lynch, which carry high-grade gold and sliver ore. The mountain is composed mainly of metamorphio rock, cut diagonally by dikes of granite In which are fissure ledges of quartz run- ning east and west. One ledge haa bee% traced five feet wide over 2,000 feet and carries free gold and sulphurets, being heavily oxidized to a depth of fifty feet. A shaft fifty feet deen on the hanging wall cut a twelve-Inch sttlnger at thiny-fl'Vte feet and stioWWd OM aV*rBt|5«rr iWTroW. ' "ft tfUSWIUBB MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWKflT. feeder widened to eighteen inchesi In a stxty-foot tunnel, from which a winie 1b being sunk. A twenty-foot dike of porphyry crops out very distinctly on 'tfie west and carries decomposed red oxide of copper and Iron, with two feet of red ochre on the hanging wall carrying $114 gold, 8 ounces silver. On a parallel five-foot ledge, enclosed In a porphyry dike, a tunnel is In twenty feet, Bhowlng fr«e gold and sulphurets. Another ledge four feet wide runs parallel and will be tapped by a tunnel now in seventy feet. An average of the crop- pings shipped to San Francisco returned $126 gold, $1.09 silver and assays nHVe shown $200, $269, $229 gold, with a trace to $1 silver. On another parallel ledge three feet wide and traced for 1,000 feet, a tunnel has penetrated sixty feet showing ore the full width, after cutting a slate horse carrying pyrites, and another tunnel is In 115 feet at a point 100 feet deeper, while a third tunnel Is in twenty feet and shows good mineral. A shipment of twenty tons from the two last-named ledges returned $66 gold and a trace of silver. A mill of four 320-pound stamps and one four-foot concentrator was erected In 1896 on a millsite at the foot of the mountain and made a successful run, exact results of which were not obtainable. The running of a 2,000-foot cross'^cut to tap al Ithese ledges at depth Is contemplated for this season. West of this group E. P. Gassman has the American Eagle group of four claims on a parallel four-foot ledge with two feeders, and a shaft Is down ten feet on It showing ore which assayed from $27 to $125 gold. A cross-cut has been run sixty feet to tap the main ledge, which would also be struck by the proposed cross-cut on the Aurora group. On a twenty-four Inch ledge on the Vldette, A. P. Boyls Is sinking a shaft showing similar ore. On another parallel ledge to the southwest P. A. Stanton and James Orleve have the two Bronco claims. A thirty-foot tunnel has been driven on a four-foot ledgp of sulphurets and arsenical iron, and 100 feet below another tunnel is in 110 feet, striking a 26-Inch feeder. A sackful of ore shipped to the Tacoma smelter returned $13S and assays have run $140 to $180. Also on Mammoth Mountain, J. H. Topping, of Seattle, has the Topping on a six-foot ledge of free milling and concentrating ore, on which an inclined shaft is down thirty-three feet, and a cross-cut has been started. Two assays ran $60 and $37 gold, $23 and $3 silver. The Prince group, owned by Mr. Topping, J. A. Johnson and Mrs. J. F. Cummings, of Seattle, comprises five claims on a ledge of sulphuret ore traced through the whole string across the head of the river, with one claim on the Topping ledge. A tunnel has been run a short distance. On the south side of Mammoth Mountain is the Fish Eagle, owned by James Grieve and K. W. Dunlap, on a great outcrop of copper ore stained red with oxidized iron, blue with bromide of copper and black with oxide of cop- per, at least forty feet wide. A cross-cut tunnel has been driven 262 feet to tap the ledge at a depth of 190 feet and 4s expected to strike it in twenty-flve or thirty feet more. On a sharp granite peak at the head of one of the forks of the Icicle but reached by a trail branching off for three miles from the Cle-elum road Is the King Solomon Mine, owned by James .Grieve, K. W. Dunlap and August Basse, where development has been prosecuted with fifteen to twenty men The ledge cuts through this peak In a north and south course and is of white 2,f?ir*«' fto'i^ i'^^^ '^^^ ^'i^- ..f* '^^'••^^^ /^'«"a' antlmonlal silver and gold with a trace of copper, and will average $133, mostly In gold. Assays of the rich streaks give $180 gold, 60 ounces silver, 22 per cent. lead. A tunnel wkS first driven 300 feet from the summit and is now In 130 feet on the ledge Ind IS upraise has beea made for twenty-two feet, from which the ore is belS2 Btoped out for smelting The same ledge has been traced 1.200 feet over thf summit of the peak and down a gulch on the north side, in which °t croM eight feet wide between granite walls 100 feet high. A tunnel has p "en drlvS! fifteen feet at this point, where Mr. Grieve has the Silver riend. and a cross- cut will be driven 200 feet to tap the ledge near the King Solomon line On an eight-foot ledge parallel with the Silver Fiend, and carrylnTsiml^ar ore Messrs. Grieve, Gassman and Dunlap have the Humbug on which th^v are tunneling. On the next gulch east of the Silver Fiend Messrs rtriiif J «,Ih Basse and Mrs. Churchill have the Last Chance on a s^x-foot Tedg? c^^^ gold lead and plumbago, assays giving $4.30 In gold. A cross-cSt' hfTfeSS run thirty feet and a shaft sunk twenty-five feet On another ««*/««♦ liSS parallel feet on several twenty feet long, which assavs ahonf J?l in ITv!:^! ^f,"®^ by tunnels forty and K,5.T„"n^s x?S^ EfJi^^^^^^ .V* ■\ OS • M M :«» .11. M M M M .SS iS8 .M .sr -.ST .w ■ >"' ^->i»iii|ii m jii i ii M i ilMn itti.-. INOtX. i. I'riiiue. 'I TuppUif. 3. Vlileltti. 4. Kugla. b. Aurora. 6. Hroiicu. 7. Laat Uafle. 8. Whllu Star V. Bllvur I'lend. 10, Kliit. Hulumon. 11. LuMt Chance. U. 131b UuS- 13. Kooky Point 14. (jueen of the Hills. 15. JuHt ln_^ 10. Qold Mountain. 17. Maytlower, 18. Mountain Chief. 19. Mountain Uellu. 30. Qoldcn KaKle. 21. Piper HledHleck. 22. St. Paul. 23. Mount Whistler. 24. Morning' Star. m. Sliver Queen, fill 26. Red fiirdV 27. Fountain ^ of Qolrt. 28. Ballard. 29. Jted Eagle. 30. Family. 31. Sherman. 32. Wlslahln. 33. Ohamer. 34. Standard. 36. Klnsr of Sweden. 36. Eureka. 37. Grey EagU 38. 'nptop. 3». Twin. 40. Jumbo. 41. White Water. 42. Rushing Water. 43. Ruhy King 44. Lake City. 46. Trio. 46. Nugget. 47. Mountain 43. Helm. 49. Orphan. 60. Jo\i Bug. 61. Midway. 62. fTuckle- berry. hi. lia KImore 54. Jllver Dump. 56. 3rown Bear. .W. :;ascade. 67. auby. 58, 3eaver. 69. tfaud C. 60, ::ie-Elum. 81. ?awk. 62. 'I Ass. 6! I Bpha. 65, 5oyle. 6i lohnson. ' 66, Iwayne & halght. 66. Jrown Point. 67. 3utte. 68. Irand View. Chesapeake Ceystone. ron Duktt. ron King, ron Boss. ^e River, ron Monarch, ron Prince ron Monitor, ron Clad, ron Ship. «adea Queen, leader, ■on . Tankee. he Ta- coma. unset, ard- scrabble, onqueior. 'orninsr r -Star, far Eagle. John. k; I'Uke. horp. ihn C. 69. 70, 71. 71 71 7t 15. 76. 77. 78. 79, ». IL a. ti 7^ • tOi) .o-ifc£kit riifftCR'^IO .i^Vi /■■'«ia«'»'lhrT/i« <»*♦**»< MIKINO IN THH PACIFIC NORTHWEST. Ian «lghtecn-lnch pay streak aaaaylng $8 to $60. Th« Mcond ledge bHowh three I feet of ore In an open cut and the third Hhowa thirty inches on the surface. On the divide between l<'ortuno Creek and the Teanaway the Hallard Gold Mining A Milling Company has the two Tip Top claims on parallel ledges. I One Is Shown by a thlrtv-flve foot shaft to widen from three to eight feet and [carries $14 to $20 gold, silver and copper in sulphurets and carbonates of c jp- lpi»T. The other ledge Is similar In character. The same company has the lOoid Mountain near the mouth of the creek, on which a small tunnel shows I two feet of free milling ore. A mile above the mouth of the creek the Mountain Chief Gold Mining ICompany has the Mountain Chief on a three and one-half foot ledge of talc ■between walls of graiilto and black quartz. An Incline following the ledge at Ian angle of 46 decrees shows black oxide of copper assaying from 10 to 40 per loent. copper, and a trace to $104 gold, the average being about $30 gold. On |Qtge»ten»lon up the mountain the Fortune Creek Mining, Milling & Smelting ICompany has the Mountain Belle, In which an open out makes. an equally |good showing. The Mayflower, which Is on the extension of one of the Rocky Point iledges, Is owned by Dr. C. S. Emery and H. F. Welse, of Ballard. It has a lledge of crystallized quartz. In which two small tunnels have shown about ■thirty Inches of pay ore carrying $14 gold, larK«'ly free. On the extension of lone of the Rocky Point ledges to the river, wltli wo others parallel, Mr. Welse |and 8. Kedzie Smith have the Big Bug. On >edge Is seven feet of quarts carrying ruby silver and bromides, another of undeflned width carries copper pyrites; the third carrier 'itrtaks of Iron and copper sulphides In a black luartz gangue. On the &!ayflower ledge Mr. Welse has the Just In Time, on rhlch a ten-foot shaft has shown six feet of free milling ore assaying $46 to 178 «old and a little silver. The Queen of the Hills, owned by John Kelly and John Bailey, has a flve- Coot ledge on which a tlfteen-foot tunnel has shown free gold and sulphuret »re, assaying $0.46 gold. On the WhlppoorwIU, R. S. Ward, of Ballard, has Ihown three and one^half feet of similar ore to the Mountain Chief on an Bight-foot opt ii out. The Standard and Ohamer, owned by George W, and B. H. Terwllllger and )le Ohamer. of Ballard, are on three parallel ledges, two about three feet and the third twenty inches. Kxtenslve open cuts have been made on all three, Bhowinp Hulphldes carrying gold, sliver and copper. The twenty-Inch ledge issays $13 gold and contains a rich one-Inch streak carrying native lead. There are fifty tons on the dump. Adjoining these the Terwllllger brothers ind Ralph Miles have the two Ruby King claims on a six-foot ledge discov- ered In September, 1896, on which an eight-foot shaft has shown seven inches it sulphides and antlmonial sliver, one assay running 643 ounces silver, $M fold. On a twenty-four Inch ledge of sulphides crossing the Ruby King the rerwllllgers have the Lake -Olty. - Above these -the two Rushing Water plalms, owned by the Terwllllgers, are on a forty-foot ledge of quartz carry- ^g free gold and sulphurets and assaying $5 gold and silver on the surface. >n the Twin group of four claims, the Terwllllger brothers have three parallel knd two cross ledges. One of these carries two feet of copper sulphides In a Bfteen-i'oot tunnel, an assay showing $23 gold, silver and copper, and another brops thirty feet wide and shows quartz carrying galena and sulphides In an Wght-foot cross-cut. At the head of the north fork John Berg and John Kelley, of Roslyn, have the Tip-Top No. 1 on a thirty-Inch l«ge, carrying lold, sliver and copper In sulphurets, which a flfteen-foot shant shows to be Hdenlng. John Orosso, John Somers and Adolph Eisner, of Roslyn, have the lary on a seven-foot ledge which assays $9 gold, $6 silver, 1 per cent, copper, ^d Is believed to carry nickel. On the left bank of the creek, running to the summit, Is the Family group >f four claims on a great body of low grade ore, owned by E. O. Marsh, Lndrew Teuke, Henry Langenbacher, Charles Sears, of Ballard, and A. C. powman, of Seattle. This body of ore crops eighty feet wide on the summit Id 225 feet wide at a lower point, where It Is cut by a small creek, and has syenite hanging and granite foot wall. The ledge matter is talcose quartz "ith talc gouge and Is mineralized throughout with flne-gralned white Iron ilphurets. A tunnel has been driven thirty-three feet, running Into a hard, irk quartz, and. a cross-cut runs ten feet towards the hanging wall, all In re which assays $1.80 gold, 20 cents sliver. On a supposed spur from the immtt outcrop of this ledge Thomas and Don Smith have the two Don Tom ^Ims, on which surface ore assays $2.27 gold and silver. On the same gulch the Family group William McKasson, John H. Corblns and Mayor H. P. Ipgh, of Roslyn, have the two Mountain Whistler claims on a parallel ledge : similar ore fourteen feet wide, shown In a surface cut twenty feet long ud twenty feet deep. On the next gulch below, the Clermont Gold Mining Company has the liver Queen group of two claims on two parallel ledges, one of which shows Tree and one-half feet wide in a fifty-foot tunnel and carries $16 gold, $2.30 |ver In sulphurets. There are seventy tons of ore In the ore house. Above ese «51alm'B*'Terwllllger brothers and Ote Ohamer have tbe-tw<>Gk>J«lbug ilms on a foui -foot ledge showing free gold In an eighteen-foot open cut. 64 M-NING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. Li. F. McConli a, of Roslyn, and W. E. Head, of Seattle, have a four-foot ledere of sulphuret ore assaying $18 gold on the Gambler's Dream. At the mouth of Fortune Crsek the Fortune Creek Mining, Milling and Smelting Company has erected a mill with two 600-pound stamps, of which the wcfj^ht and number of drops will be Increased by coll 8pi;Ings forcing them down. The river has been dammed to produce fall enough to run a water wheel, which was ready to turn last summer, but was carried out by the fall floods. The company has also shipped in a pyrltlc water-jacket smelter of twenty tons dally capacity, which will be erected In the spring. The great copper belt extends for seven miles northwest and southeast from the base gf Mount Hawkins through the Teanaway watershed to the source of IngaHs Creek at the base of Mount Stuart, and Is covered with loca- tions for the whole distance. Therji are two main ledges, which have been traced on the surface at intervals, one being tlfteen to twenty feet and the other five feet and upwards, v/ith walls of granite and porpnyry on one side and granite and .serpentine on the other. Both carry red and black oxide of copper and masses of native copper weighing 400 pounds and upwards, the ore always having a considerable gold value as well. The most easterly group is the Grandview of three claims, owned by Paul Gaston, J. T. Hamilton and Dr. R, C. Corey, on which one ledge crops ten to twelve feet wide. In a tunnel sixty feet long at a depth of eighty feet is a pay streak elohteen to forty-eight inches wide, in which bodies of native copper frequently occur, surrounded by black oxide. The lowest assays have shown 10 per cent, copper and $6 gold, and the value has run as high as 60 per cent, copper and $15 gold. A cross-cut has been started to tap this ledge at a depth of 140 to 150 feet. Ther come the Butte group of three claims, owned by the Anaconda of Washington Copper & Gold Mining Compt'.ny, on which two open cuts have defined the smaller ledge to be three to fourteen feet wide, and the Crown Point group of five, owned by Messrs Gaston, Corey and Hamilton, where the ledge is shown up by an open cuv ^nd has been stripped. The Swayne and Haight group of seven claims, bonded to D. N. Baxter, adjoins on the west, having a 120-foot tunnel showing good r' . in one ledg e. The Johnson group of eight claims, owned by Messrs, Gaston, Corey and Hamilton, has a, fifteen-foot shaft and several open cuts showing a streak of native copper two to twelve inches wide for the whole length. The Boyls STOup of eight claims on both ledges, owned by A. P. Boyls is Vionded to Messrs. Corey and Hamilton. The wider ledge has been opened by tunnels forty, seventy, ninety and 20O feet, giving a depth of 300 feet and blocking out 1,000 tons of ore °imllar to that in the Grandview and assaying 10 to 48 per cent, copper. On the smaller ledge are tunneW thirty and 100 feet, ore from which carried 48 per cent, copper and about JIO gold and silver. A ledge o* free milling ore eighteen to thiriy-slx Inches wide and assaying from ^5 to $li5 go''! on the surf ace' crosses these two at right angles. The first discovery ort Mofmt Hawkins was three parallel ledges . rylng iron sulphurets, on each of which two claims have been taken. • In i^.> Cle- Blum and Hawk group A. P. Boyls find VV. B. Kelly have four claims, two on each of the lower two ledges. One shows two to five feet wide in a i1*ty- foot inclined shaft, from which assays averaged about $50, though a sample across the bottom is said to have shown,$455 gold. A 120-foot cross-cut will tap this shaft in thirty feet more, On the other ledge an Incline of thirty feet shows it to be eight to ten feet wide, carrying $25 gold and a little silver. The I-i-ass, owned by P. J, Flint, is on the third ledge, which is defined as forty feet wide by a cross-cut, and has a pay streak In the cropplngs four or five feet wide, assaying $25 gold and upwards, with a little silver. On the extension Moses Emerson and John O'Nell have t,he Kpha and an extension showing four to six feet of quartz carrying $7.20 gold and an ounce of silver on the surface. On the west spur of Mount Hawkins is the Ida Elmore, owned by Messrs. Hawkins, Grieve and Dunlap, on which a tunnel ci.'-ty-six feet shows a ledge eighteen to thirty-six Inches, assaying $45 free gold and $82 gold In sulphurets. A cross-cut has been run 23G feet to tap it. On a parallel ledge la the Maud O., owned by A. D. Olmstead, C. O. Bwayne and A. W. Haight, of Roslyn, E. W. Wilson and C. W. Sill, of Seattle. A tunnel and Incline have been run 147 feet on the ledge, showing eighteen inches of solid free milling ore, of which an average assay gave $74 gold and $1 silver. A small stamp mill has TSeen bought for this property and will be erected when tie snow goes off. Near the mouth of Camp Creek J. C. Jackson and Charles Eaton have the Beaver >t these measures sixteen feet and a 100-foot tunnel shows the ledge niatcer mineral- ized the full width. An assay a few feet from the mouth showed $9.60 go'd besides copper and silver. Another ledge crops eight feet wide and shows white iron sulphides carrying $5.70 gold In a flfte.in-foot tunnel, which Is being driven 100 feet. Another ledge eight to ten feet wide is being opened by a tunnel, ore from which assays $7 gold and silver. On the same belt John McDonald, of Seattle, and William Campbell of Port Blakeley, have the War Eagle group of twenty-eight \;lalms, whJch they are developing. On the War Eagle ledge, six feet wide, are four claims, and a sixty-foot tunnel shows iron sulphides the full width, assays running about $40 gold and silver, mostly the former. Another seven-foot ledge runs through four claims and a thirty-foot tunnel shows sulphurets and molyb- denite. Another claim is on a twenty-six foot ledgf, on which a fifteen-foot tunnel shows galena and sulphurets its whole width, assaying $8 to $10 gold and silver. An eight-foot ledge running through two claims is opened by a ten-foot tunnel, now being extended, and has been stripped, the surface ore carrying $5 free gold. A forty-foot tunnel shows galena ore carrying $8 or $9 gold and silver in a six-foot ledge and a tunnel of the same length shows sulphide ore in a four-foot ledge. At the head of Boulder Creek, on the summit of the rldg^ between the Teanaway and the Cle-Elum. Is a gre. porphyry dike running southeast and northwest, which is fully 100 feet \ :de and spreadj at one point to a greater width. It is veined with qu»' ;z ledges four to twenty feet wide, carrying gold, silver and nickel. On t> i Keystone group of ten claims, owned by Adolph Eisner, John Grosso and Joi.n Somers, of Roslyn, is a ledge twenty feet wide, in which a twenty-foot shaft shows a twenty-four Incli pay streak assaying 8 to 18 per cent, quicksilver, $2.40 to $16 gold. On an eight-foot ledge a twonty-eight foot tunnel shows six Inches of talc on each wall, which assays 214 to 8 per cent, quicksilver, $5 to $24 gold, besides nickel. A cross-cut has been driven thirty-two feet. The Chesapeake group of five claims was located In 1896 on the northeast end ot the dike by John Mulligan and others. The surface ore assayed $13 gold. One of the famous claims of this district is that located by the late Elvin Thorp ten years ago on Red Mountain and now owned by Edward Pruyn and J. B. Davidson, of Ellensburg. The ledge Is iron pyrites twelve feet wide under a red lion cap, and assays have ranged from $18 to $165 in gold, silver and copper. A tunnel was run 240 feet on the ledge by the ori^nal owners. On the northeast extension J. S. MoConlhe and Jacob Welsh have the John C and on one of the peaks William McKasson ann J ihn H. Corblns have the St. John and St. Liike on a ledge eighteen feet wide. The famous Cle-Elum Iron Mines, which may yet turn out to be gold and copper mines, are on a seven-foot ledge showing red hematite and magnetite In the croppings, which assays 56 per cent, metallic iron. It has been traced two miles down the river and boars eastward across the Teanaway to the headwaters of the Peshastln. On this ledge the Pacific Investment Company has twelve patented claims, on which It ran a number of tunnels and surface cuts. Placer gold is found throughout the bars of the Cle-elum River and has been mined spasmodically for many years, but the gjld is mostly fine and the best pay would probably be found on the bedrock ot the old channel. Several MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. parties are working to reach bedrock, among them Mcdsrs. Hicks and Jones near the mouth or Fortune Creek, L. F. McConlhe on the Princeton bar, John H. Corblns and William McKasson at the Battle Ax camp. The high barsi on the sldehlUs are evidently old river wash and skill and persistence, backed by money, migrht show good pay on bedrock, but It Is probable that only hydraullcking on a large scale would be profitable. Until the last year work was confined to the low bars, from which Theodore Cooper, James Wxight and John Lind took |400 in 1895 In coarse gold with some pieces of plati- num at the China camp. R. De Witt and William Taylor have wing-dammed the channel at Big Salmon le Sac and taken light gold from bedrock. THE ICICLE. The mountain walls between which this stream flows from the snows of Mount Stuart Into the Wenatchee offer an inviting field to the prospector, m which he has barely begun to uncover the mineral. If the discoveries already made may be taken as an earnest of what remains to be found, this is as rich a part of the Cascade mineral belt as many already described. It lies In a direct line with districts which make good showings, on the north, south and west, being divided by a single mountain ridge from the headwaters or the Cle-elum. The district is reached from either the Northern Pacific or the Great Northern Railroad. The former is left at Cle-elum, 122 miles from Seattle, a branch line follov.ed to Roslyn, four miles, and the wagon road followed up the Cle-elum Valley, twenty-five miles, to the mouth of Scatter Creek. Thence a horse trail leads three miles over the divide to the headwaters of the Icicle. The Great Northern Railroad may be taken to Leavenworth, 151 miles from Seattle, and thence a trail leads up the Icicle thirty miles to its head. The greatest discovery, and the one having most development, is on the Pickwick group of thirteen claims, from which the Pickwick Mining and Development Company expects to ship ore this season. This is a great deposit of decomposed quartz, carrying copper carbonates, sulphides and bornlte, which covers a great but undefined area in the basin at the head of Phantom Creek, an affluent of the Icicle near its source. It has been traced over a space 6,000 by 145 feet and its boundaries were not found. From an open cut thirty feet long a shaft was sunk forty feet and cross-cuts made from the bottom seventy-five feet one way and forty-five feet the other, and all the rock cut through had the minerals already mentioned disseminated through it. A mill test of this rock showed it to carry 15 per cent, copper, $14 gold, $5.40 silver, a total of $34.40. At another point a tunnel was driven 100 feet and a cross-cut forty-five feet each way, and all this work was in ore carry- ing a smaller percentage of copper but more gold than that taken from the shaft. The company has recently bought two adjoining claims and will make a road to connect with the Cle-elum Valley road, with a view to shipping' ore this season. A number of locations— probably fifty— have been made during the past year on the two forks of Jack's Creek, which enters the Icicle about twenty miles from Its mouth, and on some of them work was continued until snow fell last winter. On one of these A. F. and F. D. Estes ran a thirty-foot tunnel on a twelve-foot ledge assaying $28 gold and copper. L. A. Parker and H. C. Castlebury have snown gray copper In a sixtean-foot cross-cut on a ten-foot ledge, where they have the Bald Eagle and Gray Eagle. A five- foot ledge carrying arsenical Iron, on the mountain overlooking the left fork of Jack's Creek, gave a surface assay of $1.3,80 gold, and extends through the Blind Lead group of three claims held by John Bjork, A. Van Epps, H. L. Farle.v and Caraille Massey, and four extensions held by Ed Gonsur, with MesBrs. Massey and Farley. On the left bank of the right fork of Jack's Creek a dike of dolomite and quartz is slightly mil erallzed throughout with white iron and sulphureta, carrying gold, silver and nickel, and is opened by a twenty-alx foot tunnel. On this ledge are the Nevada and Excelsior, held by MeBsrs. Bjork and Van Epps. THE SWAUK. In other sections of Washilngton placer mining has quickly become dwarfed in importance by quartz mining, hut on the Swauk and its trlbu- tarioB the former system still holds pre-eminence. It is only dbring late yeans that discoveries of mineral-bearing rock have distracted attention from the auriferous gravel which has yielded nuggets large enough to become the tulk of th- state. The district is easily accessible, considering its distance from a riilTttSm: Fi"Olrt' Seattle the route is tty the Northern Parlflc Railroad •ININQ IN TMI pli m •NINO m TH« puciric HOHTHtitar. ^^y to L,ll 161 Pr( dri has Moi the and dlst The the ston iron belo levei the How Cree betw depo Its ti only attei acter while dlfCei ones or In watei The I of Sm Swau Tl: worth that 1 temat Is fine have i Ir 1 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 67 to Cle-elum, 126 miles, and thence by a good wagon road sixteen miles to Liberty, the center of the district; or by the samos railroad to BUeasburg, 161 miles, and thence by an equally good road to I^lberty, thirty-six miles. From Liberty roads branch out up the several creeks and buggies can be driven thrrough the open, grassy pine woods in many places where no roai has been made. The gold of the Swauk's placers Is believed to have come from Table Mountain on the east and the Teanaway Range on the west, and is found in the bars which cover old creek channels along the banks of Williams, Boulder and Baker Creeks, and of Swauk Creek between Baker and First Creeks, a distance of three miles north and south and about the same east and west. The country rock is sandstone and slate, with dikes of basalt and porphyry, the bedrock of the old channels being slate, with occasional dikes of sand- stone and basalt, carrying 2 to 3 per cent, of iron, which is locally known as iron rock. One theory is that the gold in Williams Creek, and in the Swauk below that creek, came from the summit of Table Mountain, for on this level plateau there is said to be good pay dirt, and all its drainage runs Into the Swauk, and all the valleys and gulches carry more or less placer gold. However, the fact that little gold has been found in the Swauk above Baker Creek, and that all the coarse gold is found on the bedrock of old channels between this stream and First Creek, leads to the conclusion that the gold deposits in the Swauk Itself were not washed down by that stream, but by its tributaries, Baker, Williams and Boulder Creeks. The upper dirt carries only fine gold in most instances, and the miners do not take the trouble to attempt to save it, but in the old channel big nuggets are found. The char- acter of the ground above Baker Creek is also different, for it is all hill wash, while below that stream it is evidently channel wash, with boulders of a different character. The nuggetd range in size from a pinhead up, the larger ones being generally rough, flat pieces about three-quarters of an inch thick, or in the shape of a network of wires, mashed together by the action of the water. They are found in the three or four feet of dirt next to the bedrock. The product of Williams Creek is worth $1.50 to $2 an ounce more than that of Swauk and Baker Creeks, as the latter carries considerable silver. The Swauk gold Is worth $13.50 an ounce, and that of Williams Creek $14.50 to $15. The good pay in coarse gold has led the miners to despise fine gold as not worth the trouble of saving, yet It has been proved by panning the dumps that they will pay well for working ove--, and that more careful and sys- tematic work would bring good results. Experience has shown that the gold is finer towards the mouth of a stream and thus it is that the nugget hunters have only worked the bars for two miles below Liberty. That there Is good pay in the gravel bevond that point Is proved by the fact that Chinamen who worked there many" years ago earned $2 or $3 a day to the man, and that shafts sunk deeper than their workings showed dirt carrying twenty colors to the pan. The Fraser River miners passed through this district on their return southward without discovering Its wealth. Bent Goodwin, a deaf-mute, made the discoverv by accident in 1868, while hunting. Going to the creek for a drink at a point a little below John Black's present mine, he fished up a piece of gold worth $10 or $12, which he found lying on the bedrock. He and his companions went to work and their success soon caused a rush of miners, who located the flats all along the creek. Among them were M. Cooper, Frank Gibbs and John A. Shoudy. The oldest pioneer now working is John Black, who came about twenty years ago and finally went to work on the high bars, half a mile above Liberty. In 1893 he replaced his primitive outfit with a hydraulic plant and has since worked on a large scale on a bar twenty-five feet high. He uses six Hungarian rlflles in thirty feet of sluice box, with no quicksilver, and saves nearly all the gold in the first two riffles, making no effort to catch the fine gold. His biggest nugget was worth $586, while others have weighed 23 and 20 ounces respectively. The placer claim furthest up the valley now being work«jd Is on the hjgb bar north of the mouth of Baker Creek, which has the honor of having : produced the champiop nugget, v.-eighing $1,004. This claim is now owned [by Gus NUson, who has been drifting on bedrock. On the other side of Baker Creek is a range of six 200-foot claims, from which the late J. C. Pike itook out a $745 nugget. These claims, which aggregate thirty-seven acres, lall high bar, with ten to eighteen feet of dirt above bedrock, are now owned Iby W^ A Ford. A tunnel has been run 136 feet due west from the rim of bedrock until it reached a point where it dropped off nine feet at an art^e at 45 degrees and the water drove tMe miners out. This is suPPOsed to be ttie Bid channel, from which the gold has been washed up *« th« high rim Mr. "i^ord is usine a hydraulic and has found nuggets of $5 up to $300 on bedrock. He foiind snots of blue eravel which seemed to run back under the mountain to the welt a?idth 3 fact, together with the discovery In the tunnel, leads b thi billed that the old channel ran from northwest to southeast obliquely Icross the present one This theory will e^rj«;*" the„f allure to figf P^V «»" In the Swauk above Baker Creek, although the prbspectlng in that part or '%'he'trex^t^foufclk?ms*S?'t"f east belo% Black's at^ owned by the Orften IrelMlXg Spany of TVoma -»»«ch hft* at times leased them on shttWo. 68 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. but is now tunneling on bedrock. At tlie forks of Swauk and WilUama Creeks Gus Nilson has tunneled 600 feet on bedrock and drifted 900 feet, taking out about $30,000. L. H. Jansen, of Tacoma, is drifting on bedrock on the two next claims. H. C. Jones and H. C. Dennett, on the two next adjoining claims, are drifting on bedrock under a bar seventy teet high and ftnd the pay cHrt closer to bedrock as they go down stream. Beyond them, David, Thomas and George Livingstone have run a tunnel 170 feet to bedrock on three claims and have started another, taking out nuggets as large as 11 ounces and averaging about 60 cents. From one of their claims three nuggets were taken ten years ago, the m/gest of which weighed $400 and the smallest $200. Next below them John Mayer has sunk twenty feet to bedrock, which is here below the present channel, has erected a pump and raises dirt by a whim from three tunnels, one of which Is 300 feet long. On the two next claims Dexter Shoudy has a tunnel 400 feet, and the furthest work down the creek Is being done by two gangs of Chinamen, who strip off the surface dirt and wheel the pay dirt to sluice boxes. The placer mines of the Swauk were extended up Williams creek in 1868 by H. M. Cooper, who found gold about a mile above the mouth of the creek, on ground now Included In Thomas V. Meagher's claim, and the workings now extend two miles above the mouth. The first prospecting was done in Che creek bottom, but this was found to give poor pay, and not until the bedrock of the old channel was struck were good results obtained. It runs a little south of west and north of east and is cut diagonally by the present channel about a mile from the mouth. The gold is all coarse, in pieces from 10 <;ents to 17^ ounces, and is in flat, smooth nuggets. It Is nearly all found in the six or eight Inches of dirt next to bedrock; and the miners rarely work the upper dirt. The first claim above the mouth is owned by Andrew Flodin, who has run about 400 feet of tunnel on bedrock. Thaddeus Neubaur Is drifting on bed- rock. H. C. Jones' claim, next above, is being worked on shares by John Doyle, each taking half. He has run a drain race 484 feet across the bedrock and struck the pay streak, on which he has since been tunneling. He finds that the bar pays only on bedrock, but thinks it would pay all the way through If worked in conjunction with the claims below. It now pays S3 a day to the man after deducting the owner's half, the nuggets weighing 828 and less. Thomas F. Meagher has three claims next above, at ^he mouth of Lyons' Gul< , taking in all the old channel, from which he took out over $15,000 in 1895 wiih a hydraulic. He has about 3,000 feet of tunnel and is now drifting on bedrock from an open drain. His gold is generally coarse his largest nugget being $222, but there is fine gold all through the bar. ' G. E. H. Bigney has some extensive workings on the eighteen acres next above Mr. Meagher's on the high bars on the left bank. He has aunte an Inclined shaft to bedrock 136 feet on the upper Mge of the claim and nut down an air shaft ninety-three feet. He has done 2,805 feet of tuniielliiW on bedrock, and struck the old channel 160 feet from the face of the bar at « depth of twelve feet belov/ the present channel, so that he has to Dufnn to keep clear of water. The dirt is raised by a water-power hoist f?om the Incline and by a whim from the other shaft. He got the mine in shan« t« produce in 1892, and In 189.1 took out about $16,000. William H Elliott oSthS next claim, has drifted BOO feet on bedrock from one side of the creek to tht other, but has not yet reached the old channel, and, although he has struck some gold, he does not expect pay dirt till he does so. Nls Jensen whn«« claims adjoins Mr. Elliott's^ has driven a tunnel on bedrock 250 feet from thi old channel and another 107 feet, which proved to be twenty feet abovphoS rock but has not yet reached the pay streak. He finds "hit the whole b« carries gold, as large as plnheads near the surface, and in nugget! runnhS up to $7:25 near bedrock. Louis Quletsch, next abbve Mr Jensen hn« i»f a tunnel 125 feet and drifted either way on bedrock, but, while he found fln2 gold, thrre was not enough to pay. and he has lately turned h?a at?Anti«« to quartz mining. George D. Verdln, who owns the last ninni^ fi i~ °" Williams Cre.k.%as driven a bedrock" tS^inelTnd sunkXote^sbifh^ transferred his energies to quartz claims. snaris, but has Placer gold was first struck on Boulder Creek bv W R Ha..* <». tom shaft was sunk for bedrock and struck the rim. from whl^h a cross-c^t ' started, but water forced a stoppage of work. The gold was in smalf nulx the largest weighing one-half pennyweight. The LlvlneBtnnPH r>r^^l>^"i'^°i these claims eight years ago aAd found mdderatllyL„"5„-.*''"o,d ^fr^^^''^^ feet below the surface downward. This claim with anothpPn^iJ^?'" ^^'i two on a gulch leading down to them froni the right blnkisnn^°'^"*^*i!^'* Thoma.M p! Meagher. C. C. Whitaker and A F ?ork n.'.H.,!?*?' "Wned by hydraullcking on the gulch claims they took out n?a?lv $?oa) fhl'^H*).?'""**"' Ing gold from the grass roots down. It Is in the form of haV^'Jr^L^u^ *'"!!■ and wire gold. anJ ranges down to flour gold ThTlarirPHtnw2°3?„""^*^^ lieC; others weighed $98. $95 and $45. and there was oSfte a nnn,T«2 ^i'"^ mosgets. The product brings about $15 an ounce It the nfm^T^nl..®^ *? silver bringing down the value. AdJolnlnK the V^oiiiripr ??^S ^'. . P®"^ c®"^*' firm Mr. Hart has two others one on whVh he has fhrprm „°'**'"", <>' I^»■ sinking a shaft to bedrock, wh he on the^ther two men arl r^nn«n1,™i''i?''i^ *? dram. On the claims next below thf g"ulch jImeTLTherCd"fnd aS^^^^^ 891. A was nuggets, MINING IN THK PACIFIC NORTHWEST. Zlegel have sunk a shaft sixty feet to bedrock and are tunneling from It. They found one nugget of $24 and got $10 or $12 In the bottom of the shaft, but have not so far found enough to pay. Their work Is hampered 1/ wa^er, as bedrock Is sixty feet below the level of the present creek, whlCii t>ie old channel seems to parallel. Prospecting \r also going on above Mr, Hart's claim and in the adjoining gulchta, but nowlurc lias the old channel been reached or pay dirt been struck. The miners of the Swauk have hitherto shown a decided repugnance to the invasion of outside capital, which would work the placers ou a largo scale by modern methods and therefore more economically, but efforts are being made in this direction. Although hundreds of thousands of dollars have been taken out, t ie ground has only bet n worked enough lo prove its value, only about one-ti ith of the gravel having been worked. In fact, It may fairly be said that .he work so far done Is practically equivalent only to thorough prospecting. The consolidation of the placers and tiieir operation as a whole, with proper water pressure, would make good paying pioijcrty of all the placer ground, while now the co.st of handling the dirt is so high in many places that it only pays ordinary wages. Discoveries of free milling quartz, which is now diverting attention from the placers, date back to 1887. when Thomas Tweed and William Johnson found a pocket on the east bank of Swauk Creek, opposite the mouih of Baker Creek, which carries wlTe gold in nuggets ranging as high as $6, and was apparently a broken quartz iedge. A sixty-foot tunnel showed a number of stringers running Into one, but no main ledge in place. They built an arraatre and ground between $10,000 and $11,000 worth of rock In It, twelve tons yielding $2,200. Later discoveries show the quartz ledges to extend from some distance up Baker Creek across the Swauk and through the hllla cut by Williams and Boulder Creeks and Kruger Gulch. The general course of the ledges is w-orthwest and southeast, the walls being slate and the ledge matter blue and bird's-eye quartz. The ore carries enough free gold to make It pay well, and the miners grind It in arrastres, being content to let the sulphurets escape In the tailings, but as the ore grows baser at depth this crude lirocess will have to J&e abandoned. George Hampton located the first claim, the Red, on the hill between Kruger and Lyons Gulches In 1889. It is n three-foot ledge carrying about $16 gold, mostly in sulphurets. He sank shafts seventy-nve and fifty feet and cross-cut 200 feet, taking out about fifty tons of ore. Two years later Andrew Plodln located the First of August on a four-foot ledge of bird's-eye quartz between solid slate walls. He has sunk a shaft ninety-six feet, showing a pay streak twelve or thirteen Inches wide, with well-defined walls. He has also run a cross-cut 170 feet, which will strike the ledge at a depth of 140 feet in seventy feet more. In 1894 he built a water- power arrastre on Williams Creek, with a capacity of 3,200 pounds a day, and averaged $21.23 a ton tn a year's run. On the southwest extension of this ledge he has run three cross-cuts, r f which the longest struck the ledge in eighty-five feet. He is sinking a shaft on another ledge on the same claim, of which he has not defined the width, the ore being black slate veined with quartz. The Brown Bear group of two claims at the head of Kruger Gulch, owned by Keith W. Dunlap, Mrs. M. A. Chapman, Whitson & Parker, Vestal Snyder and Matt Bartholet. all of North Yakima, has a ledge about three feet wide which has assayed from $100 to $140. A shaft is down forty-five feet and will be extended before drifting begins. Below. the Flodln claims on Kruger Gulch William Queltsch has the Dandy on a six-foot ledge and has run a tunnel twenty-five feet on a stringer, which returned from $20 to $2B at his arrastre. On the Morning Dr. O. M. Graves has two ledges of bird's-eye quartz, one sixteen to twenty-four Inches and the other three to four feet, the smaller one assaying $12.50 free gold. A tunnel has been driven fifty-five feet toward the face of the ledge and will strike It In fifty feet more, having cut two small feeders already. 0». Graves has put In a steam stamp mill, with one 750- pound stamp for prospecting purposes. . , „ , On the extension of the Morning ledge Louis Queltsch has the Bunker Hill on which he has five veins ranging from seven feet down. » A thirty-foot tunnel on the widest shows good fni^ milling ore. ^ , ,. The ledges have been traced over the hlus on both sides of Kruger Gulch and development Is proceeding there also. A. B. Morrison and Daniel Morri- son have started a tunnel on the Livingstone ledge adjoining the First of August on the northeast. On the south side ol Williams Creek they have sunk a shaft seventy-five feet on a four-foot ledge on the Bullion, run a cross- cut tunnel over 100 feet and another sixty feet at a point fifty feet further dotvn, yielding $8 a ton. Gus Nllson and H. C. Condon, of Yakima, have two feet of ore on the Great Wonder. A shaft Is down twenty feet on the ledge and a forty-foot tunnel has cross-cut it. A few tons milled gave $35 a ton and they nave built a one-ton arrastre. On another claim an eijrhteen-lnch cross ledge of $32 ore. on which a shaft Is down eighteen feet, with a tunnel The Great Western group of two claims, owned by Gus Nilson. Evan St ander and Charles Klneth, has a fourteen-foot ledge, from which the 70 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWICST. four feet next the footwall carries $6 freo gold and a higher value in sulphur- ets, which tiiey have tapped with a flfty-foot cross-cut. Another ledge four feet wide has a twelve-inch pay streak carrying |18 free gold, shown In a sixteen-foo.. shaft. On the mountain south of the south forlc John H. Price has the Wall Street group of six claims on a series of parallel ledges, two of which are cut by the creolt. One of these shows up seven feet wide in a forty-foot shn,ft and sixty-foot drift and carries $8 free gold, besides aulpliurets. Anothor Is thirty Inches wide in an eighteen-foot shaft and carries $4 to $5 free gold. Another, five feet wide, is cross-cut by a ]4.'">-foot tunnel, which also cut a series of stringers two to twenty-four inches wide, the main ledge assaying $4 free gold and the smallest stringer $10. George W. Verdln has taken some of the richest ore in the camp from the two forks of the widest ledge of the Wall Street series, on which he has the Gold Vein and Badger. One of these shows a foot of ore in tunnels eighty and 100 feet and a small shaft, the average value being $;!0, though pockets have run as high as $1 a pound and several thousand dol'ars were cleaned up from one run of an arrastre. A little to the left of the forks of Williams Creek G. W. Seaton has the two Gold Leaf claims on a ledge of free milling ore. A shaft is down sixty feet and Is Intersected by a tunnel of the same length. Another tunnel forty feet long taps the ledge at a depth of fifty feet and a third tunnel has been run 100 feet on the ledge. This work shows it to widen to three or four feet and fifty tons milled in a one-ton arrastre averaged over $30. On the gulch running into Boulder Creek, from which they made their rich strike of placer gold, Messrs. Whitaker, Meagher and York have the two Bertha claims on a ledge of porphyritic quartz, similar to the rock found in the placers and carrying free gold of the same character. It crops out Ave to Blx feet wide, between walls of basalt and iron rock. They have stripped a stringer from four to eight inches wide running into the ledge, which is richly studded with small nuggets. They also have the North Star on a three-foot tedge across the gulch. Irt me next gulch above the Bertha, Albert Tallicut has the Josle on two small seams of ore which he is milling in an arrastre, one pocket containing 25-cent nuggets. South of Boulder Creek Mr. York has the Uncle Sam on a three-foot ledge, carrying $8 free gold. Free milling ore was discovered in the spring of 1896 a mile above the mouth of Baker Creek by George F. Nv Watson. He has the Green horn on a three-foot ledge between walls of porphyry and iron rock, which gives 1,000 colors to the pan In fine round shot gold. The Bobtail, on the norlh extension, owned by Irvine Liggett, Isaac Zeran and Dr. H. B. Runnels, shows twenty inches of similar ore in a twenty-foot shaft. The Mary Ellen, owned by the same parties, Is on a parallel ledge fourteen to twenty-four inches, showing well in a twenty-eight foot shaft. The Big Bear and Little Bear, on a four- foot ledge traced f jr .'?,000 feet, are owned by F. D. Wilson and B. J. foung, and show ore rich In coarse and flake gold. E. J. GafCney and F. W. Clayton in 1896 discovered a ledge four to sixteen inches wide on the west bank of the Swauk below Liberty, assays from which* range from $26 upward. Some of the more progressive miners in the Swauk district are already preparing to erect stamp mills and concentrators and another year is likely to see quite an increase in production following upon such Improvement in- methods. WENATCHEE. This city is known chiefly as the outfitting point fon the districts in Okan- ogan county north of it, being the connecting point Of the Great Northern Railroad and the Columbia River steamer line, but it also has the making of a mining caitip at Its back door, within throe miles of it by wagon road The ore is low grade, bearing gold and a small proportion of silver but Is in such large deposits that, if worked on a considerable scale with modern methods and skillful management, it would pay handsome dividends. The deposit la a great dike of porphyry in which are numerous veins of quartz, and extends over three miles in an almost due north and south course from Squilchuck Creek to Canyon No. 2, directly back of the town, among the foothills An- other parallel dike of almost equal size has been located for a distance 'of five miles. The principal work in this district has been done on the Golden Kina group of three claims located by M. .1. Carkeek, of Seattle, t.nd owned by thfr Golden King Mining Company, of Seattle. ' The dike is a veritable landmark In the Squilchuck Canyon, standing out on the north side, one mile from tne Columbia, from 100 to 150 feet wide be- tween walls of bastard granite rising In a great cluster of plnnaoles and soiro* of bright red, yellow and brown to a height of 150 feet above the road and growing taller toward the crest of the hill until It reaches an elevation of 50» MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 71 feet. The whole dike Is more or less mineralized, the DorDhvrv oarrvino- nhnm- 12 gold besides sUv.ir, but the best value Is in the QurrtzstrlnKers which mn™ m width from six Inches to seven feet, and have given assaylmnelnefro^w to lie The dike is so thoroughly mineralized from th? very s^u?face S.a'^ it could be mined very cheaply, in fact it could be quarried out and with « large stamp mill could be reduced profitably. qu'^riiea oui, and with a The Golden King Mining Company has a mill with Ave 500-pouiid stamns operated by steam power, and In 1894 began to mill the surface ore which wrh quarried. The intention was to mill only the quartz, but It was norcarefuUv sorted, so that a large proportion of the less valuable porphyry went throii^h the battery and the milling at times was not over-sklllfUl Durinl a Z?v days' run of four tons every twenty-four hours 11,600 in bullion was taken ont The mill was then shut down in October, 1894. and a tunne was started at fh« foot of the hill on the roadside to develop the deposit at depth It rX for th« first 100 feet through surface wash and slide rock, which requires heavy tim- bering to prevent caves, and th«n runs for eighty-six feet through the dike at an acute angle, cutting thirty feet across at right angles to the course of th« deposit. In this eighty-six feet about forty seams of quartz from six to thlrtv Inches wide were cut. their width on the surface running as high as seven feet This quartz Is the pay ore and there is plenty of it to keep a mill busy without the lower grade porphyry. Since the mill shut down only assessment work has been done on the tunnel and several offers to lease the property have been declined. ' Adjoining the Golden King on the south is the Charlotte, owned bv D P Blgelow. of Seattle; Thomas Groves and P. M. Scheble, of Wenatchee ' oii which prospecting shows seventeen feet of porphyry veined with quartz assaying $6 to $8 gold and silver on the surface. Parallel with the Golden Klni on the west is the Last Chance, owned by J. M. Rae, on which a tunnel has been run a short distance. On the main dike, extending northward are the Gllman, owned by D. H. Gllman, of Seattle; the Eureka, running down to Dry Gulch, owned by Angus Mackintosh; the Sunrise, on ths opposite side of Dry Gulch, owned by M. J. Carkeek; the Tibbie, owned by P. P. Shelby the Bagley owned by C. P. Converse, of Seattle. The only work worth mentioning on these claims is a surface cut forty feet across the dike on the Tibbie. On a parallel dike of the same character and carrying ore of the same value 200 feet In width, extending from Squllchuck Creek, across Dry Gulch and Canyon No 2 to the Wenatchee River, a distance of five miles, claims have been located by William Parry, D. A. Curry, W. B. Reddy, Lunn. W. H. Merrlam. Arthur Qunn, George Evans and B. Ross, but the only work has been done by Mr Lunn, who holds two claims and has sunk a shaft forty to forty-flve feet from the highest outcrop. PESHASTIN AND NEOBO CREEKS. Almost midway between the two transcontinental railroads which traverse the state from east to west lies the district where the first stamp mill in Washington was erected. Taking the Northern Pacific train from Seattle to Cle-elum, 122 miles, one can ride or drive to Blewett, the center of the district a distance of thirty-two miles over a good road ; or taking the Great Northern train to Leavenworth, 160 miles, one can go over a good road fourteen miles to the mouth of Ingalls Creek and thence by trail five miles to the camp furthest up Negro Creek or four miles to Blewett, A road four miles long would close the only gap in the road between the two railroads. The mineral belt through which Peshastin Creek flows northward Into the Wenatchee River, receiving Ingalls and Negro Creeks as tributaries from the west and Ruby Creek from the east, has a totally different geological forma- tion from the country north and south of it. To the north, from a line cutting across the Chlwah River some distance above Its mouth, is a sandstone formation which terminates on the northwest about the mouth of Icicle Creeks a granite formation lying north of It up thei Chlwah River to Red Hill, About seven miles up the Peshastin this sandstone gives way to a series of strata of metamorphlc rocks, Including serpentine, syenite, dtorite, magneslan lime- stone, talc, porphyry, porphyrltlc quartzlte and granite. In the dikes of porphyritlc quartzlte occur ledges of nickel. Silver and copper ore and some gold with gouges of talc, the dikes having a general trend from northwest to southeast, but bending generally more to an east and west line. On the one Bide this belt terminates two miles southeast of Blewett &nd to the west it fradually widens toward the base of Mount Stuart, which peak It Includes; t extends into the Swauk district, where It forms a badln and swings to the northwest. Mineral was first discovered in this district abbut 1860 by a party of miners returning from Fraaer River, but they only worked the placers and gradually drifted away, one of them, a negro, who foolc oUt $1,100 in a season ff-om the bars at the hiouth of Nesro Creek, giving that stream its name. It was rot till 1871 that the first quartz legge was discovered. In that ycr.r John Shafer if-wpppip'^plllii 79 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. located the Culver on a ledge of free milling ore near the summit of the moun- tain dividing the Negro Creek canyon on one side from the Culver draw on the other, but was a short time behind Samuel Culver, who located the Poleplck on a parallel ledge. Culver then took the Humming Bird on another leave. James Lockwood staked out the l^obtall adjoining It, and John Olden and Peter Wider took the Fraction; John Olden and Samuel Culver the Little Culver. All these claims, except the Poleplck and Little Culver, were shortly afterward bought by James Lockwood and his son, E. W. Lockwood. and H. M. Cooper, who erected a slx-stan-ip mill with one Frue vanner, which they operated by water power. The mill reduced eight tons of ore in twenty-four hours and the clean-up from the first nine days' run was |2,10O. The company also had an arrastre with a capacity of 1,000 pounds a day, of which the pro- duct aveEaged $70 a day. After running the mine and mill for eight years this company^old H to Thomas Johnson, who shut down after a short run. Then arose the dl.spuio as to the ownership of the property, which culminated in the killing of William Donahue by Thomas Johnson In 1896, but this did not pre- vent the sale in 1891 to the Culver Gold Mining Company. This company erected a ten-stamp mill with four Woodbury concentrators and stretched a bucket cable tramway from the mill to the Culver mine, one-flfth mile. Some ore was shipped before the completion of the mill, one lot returning $800 a ton. In 1892 the Culver Company sold out to the Blewett Gold Mining Company, composed of Seattle capitalists, and this company set to work to thoroughly develop the mine and mill its ores. On the Culver group are three parallel ledges between walls of serpentine and porphyry, that of the Culver Itself being from two to ten feet wide, with occasional bunches of ore sixteen feet wide. The body of the ore Is a reddish gray quartz and there occasionally occurs on the walls a transparent green talc with white crystals, through which, as In a magnifying glass, the flakes of free gold can be plainly seen. The Humming Bird and Bobtail ledge is two to four feet wide, and contains a blue quartz carrying a larger percentage of sulphurets than the Culver. The Fraction ledge is of about the same size and character and runs higher in Iron sulphurets. As depth Is attained the free gold runs out and the ore becomes base. The value runs all the way from $8 to $20 in free gold with occasional pockets as high as $700, and It carries a trace of silver. The group has been developed by a number of tunnels aggregating several thousand feet, the longest of which Is 600 feet, attaining a depth of 350 feet on the Humming Bird. The company has erected a twenty- stamp mill at the mouth of the Culver draw, near the old Lockwood mill, allowing space for twenty more stamp»> and has four Woodbury concentrators, the whole plant having boiler capacity for forty stamps. The bucket tramway was moved to the new siii and the mill equipped with every labor-saving appliance, such as self-feedeis to the stamps. A steam sawmill was erected three miles up the creek with a capacity of 10,000 feet a day and sawed lumber for the mill buildings, the mine and repairs to the road and bridges over which the machinery was hauled from Cle-elum. The development of the mine and operation of the mill were con- tinued together by the company until 1894, when the system of leasing sections of the mines to small associations of mlnerH was inaugurated, and has been continued with good results ever since, it being found that when miners have a direct Interest In the product they sort the ore more carefully than when working for wages. The company still runs the mill and charges a royalty on the product and a milling charge, graduated up to a certain value. Above that figure the company ivnd the lessees simply share the product on a graduated scale, the company's share increasing the higher the value of the ore. Under this system about sixty men are employed In mine and mill When both are in full operation. During the year 1896 the mill reduced 2,469 tons of Culver ore, from which the extraction averaged $12.62 a ton, and 473 tons of customs ore, from which returns are not obtainable. The product of the Blewett Company in bullion was about $60,000 for the year 1896. It having been found that with the most careful milimg the arsenic in the ore floured the quicksilver on the plates and thus prevented It from catching the gold; also that much of the fine copper sulphides escaped in the slime in the shape of foam, the tailings have been reserved In dams, with a view to further treatment by some improved process. This was established in th« summer of 1896 and is a small cyanide plant erected under the direction of A. J. Morse for Rosenberg & Co., one of the partie-- of lessees. It has a capacity of ten tons a day and throughout the winter has been treating the tailings, of which 600 tons, containing from $3 to $30 a ton In gold had accumulated, and has extracted from 70 to 75 per cent, of the value. This plant has demon- strated the presence in the ores of substances which prevent close saving of their values and some modern process such as the cyanide will be finally adopted by the Blewett company. In 1878 the Culver ledge was traced over the ridge to Negro Creek and the Olympia group of five claims was located on it, its width averaging about four feet. These claims were sold to the Cascade Mining Company, which ran a tunnel southward on a stringer to the right of the ledge on one claim and sfruck two bodies of ore, of which It followed the wall. On another claim it ••*"» IN TMt MCWto Mtm ••'""» IN TM MOWIO NomHWWT. Tan ft sixty It, ar.d ran since raved the Columl erected wit of snvInK tl about fifty sulphides a stnali perof death of M has never Blewett, wl Culver, of \ several opt> Culver ledj syenite, wh Much ol three of wJ Is rememhf saved even one can imi In the Thomas Jol of canvas thirty-six i no to $132 cross-cut tl the way. level, on w Adjolnii owned by ] showing or On the ( of Seattle, quartz at ( levels 100 fe highest leA milled at tl of this ore a side-Jlgg Mining Cu possible pr The Pes William D years ago. who also le through al milling an< Shoudy & tunnel into which yielt $100 a ton. On wha have the L They have Pine Tree. A short Dexter Sh( two to five which the J porphyry c yielding ns though not on the oth( and on wh arrastre bi The Po been bonde On the wide and c 160 feet on the other 1 he has drll foot ledge ounces of : the ledge, Betwee Donahae'B MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHW^CST. 71 Tan » »lxty-foot cross-cut tunnel In l:.> direction of the ledge, but did not tap U, arsd ran a tunnel about llfty feet on the ledge near the summit, but It has since caved In. A two-stamp lIuntlnKton mJll was hauled from The Dalles on the Columbia by team and over the mountain by block and tackle. It was erected without concj^ntrators and was run by water power gold and $1.10 silver up to $875.63 gold and $6.50 silver. Kight tons sl»ipped to tho Tacoma smelter only returned $11.30 a ton, because they were not sorted and were take» from a poir.t bi.yoiid the ore chute. A tunnel has been run 100 feet on the ledge, siiowlng It to range from eighteen Inchts to four feet, wlln gnod ore all through. Aoroa.i l^eiir Creek from these claims is llie Anago, owned by Gus Guoin, S. W Elliott and Charle.s Harvtj, on a live-toji Itdge of copper sulphuri'l.s rt.nning north* ast and southwest, wiiich assays on the surface $2.75 to $tt.40 gold and silver. Adjoining the Union and Dominion or Hear Creek are the Gordon and an extension, owned by Supreme Judge Gordon, W. I. Agnew and G. E. 76 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. Filloy, all of Olympia. It has a ledge forty feet wide, running north and south and assaying 10 per cent, nickel, with tree gold and silver. A tunnel flfty-nve feet long has cross-cut the ledge, defining its width. , . ™ „ Following up Negro Creek conies the f. P. Nickel, owned by Tony Pcesfon, of Leavenworth. A shaft is being sunk on the hanging wall, where Is three or four feet of quartz, carrying 11.50 gold and a good per- centage of nickel. . ^ , ,. . A little further up, on the north side, is the Ontario, owned by Martin Lew's cin-^ Mr. Morrell, who have a ledge forty li.et wide, between walls ot serpentine. The o.-e carries ?7 to $8 gold, 3 per cent, nickel and 3\/^ per cent, copper In .sulphides. A shaft is down about twelve feet on the hang- ing wall, a tunnel has been run ninety fiet on the stringer, cutting towards the main ledge, and a tunnel is In seventy feet to cross-cut the main ledge, which It Is expected to strike in another hundred feet. On the south side of the creek, next above the Ontario, comes the Meridian, owned by George Persinger, of l.,eavenworth, and John Lindsay, of St. Louis. It has a ledge of dark blue quartz, forty feet wide, between serpentine walls, the ore carrying gold, silver, copper, sulphides and nickel. The outcrop is in iron-stained red and blue cliffs on the wall of the canyon. A tunnel has been run sixty feet on the ledge and a mill test of the ore, made in St. Louis, gave JlO.'iO gold, $5 silver, 12.50 copper and 2 per cent, native nickel, besides nickel sulphides. The North Pole group of ten claims Is next In order, and Is owned by George Persinger, Michael Callaghan, John McKenzle, Andrew Stoughton ana Williara Lee, of Leavenworth; George Kline of Wenatchee, and John S. Jurey, of Seattle. North Pole No. 1 and two other claims are all on one ledge ninety-one feet wide running due north and south, which crops out In big red buttes on the Cinnabar King claim. The ore is red and blue quartz between walls of serpentine, and carries, gold nickel and quicksilver. A tunnel has been run ninety feet on the hanging wall on this ledge, and there was 200 tons of ore on the dump on the creek bank, when a flood swept half of It away In the spring of 1895. There is now, however, 150 to 200 tons on the dump. The Champion and Idaho are on another ledge four and one-half feet wide, which runs east and west, and joins the North Pole ledge at an angle on tho east. It assays ?12 gold and 10^^ per cent, copper. A tunnel run forty fee^ to cross-cut the ledge has not yet tapped it. The Persinger Copper LMe and Gray Eagle are on a ledge running northwest and southeast, which outcrops three feet wide on tlie summit and contains copper sul- phide ore carrying gold and silver. Assays range from ri2 to 32 per cent, copper, $5 to $16 gold and 3 to 5 ounces silver. A tunnel twenty-ttve feet on the main ledge on the top of the hill shows good ore all through, and a cross-cut Is being run 100 feet below, which is tn litteen feet and will tap the ledge in about twenty feet more. The Ivanhoe No. 5 is west of tha Rainier group on the north side of the creek, and has a live-foot ledge of copper sulphide ore assaying about 20 per cent, copper with a little gold aod silver. A cross-cut taps the ore in forty feet. About 20C feet of new tunnels has been completed on this group in the last year, and has shown up extensive bodies of copper pyrites. On the Ivanhoe ledge John and William Ii>ncli have the Leo, with four feet of ore assaying 2^ per cent, copper, with somu gold and silver. They ran a cross-cut tunnel sixty feet, following a two-foot stringer into the tncMn ledge. At the north end of the Everett are the Cinnabar King, owned by Qeorge Persinger, Harvey Sender and Charles Striker, on a dike 200 feel wide, which crops out in a line of jagged rod cliffs on the north wall of th« canyon. A surface cut across the dike shows it to be all mineralized red> and blue quartz, with serpentine walls. An assay .sliows it to carry 93.59 gold, besides nickel and cinnabar. On the first dike which cuts across the Pesh.istln canyon on tho north l8 another string of claims. On the right bank are the Monarch No. 1 and No. 2, owned by Ralph White, of Rossland, Tim O'Learv, the contractor, and Mr. Walker. The dike Is porphyrltlc quartzlte seventy-five feet wide, running tlightly north of east and south of west. A mill test of a ton taken from a ninety-foot tunnel gave $90 returns In nickel, cobalt and gold, and assays range from $4 to $5 gold, 2% i>er cent, and upwards in nickel, 1% to 2^ per cent, cobalt. On the opposite hill and on the same ledge, George Persinger, Tony Preston and Michael Callaghan have the Red Butte group of three claims, extending along the outcrop to the summit, with a fourth on a parallel led.^e on the southwest. A tunnel has been run into the ledge at the base of tho hill, ore from which assayed as hl.^h as \2'^ per cent, nickel, 2Vi per cent, cobalt and IIS gold. In the valley between the Monarch and Red Rutte groups Is the Rattlesnake, half of which Is held by the owners of each group. This dike has been traced across the mountains and one and one-half mllM eastward to Ruby Creek, where It crops out on part of a group of thirteen claims held by Charles Harvey, S. W. Elliott and H. C. Ca.stlebury On this group are four parallel ledges from twenty to .sixty feet wide l>etween walls of a«rpentine and conglomerate, marked by red buttes like those on the rest of the belt. Assays average 8 per cent, nickel, gold and silver not being showa. MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 77 At the north end of this group are the Red Cloud and Tralee, owned by W. Kelly, of Spokane; C. King, of Kalispell; Charlea Harvey and Charles Moriar- Itq, of Leavenworth, on a sixteen-foot ledge assaying |25 copper. $6 gold, as well as nickel and cobalt. Further up Peshastin Creek, below the mouth of Negro Creek, F. D. Eates and John W. Miller, of Leavenworth, have two claims on a seven-foot ledge of sulphide ore carrying $6 and $8 gold on the surface, besides copper. Five miles above the mouth of Ingalls Creek is the State group of six claims, owned by John and William Lynch. They are on two parallel dikes sixty feet wide, which are cut by the creek. The nickel-bearir^ formation has been traced anrnsis the Negro Creek divide to Falls Creek, a tributary of Ingalls Creek from tno south. W. F. Patterson and Charles Newberry, of Piewett, have located the Bonanza and Deadwood, near the head of the creek, on the largest dike ssc fs»" dis- covered in the district. The creek runs between the two locations, and the dike rises almost perpendicularly from it. The owners are cutting across the face of these cliffs to expose green ore. The surface ore assays about 5 per cent, nickel, fS.CO sold and a trace of copper. Adjoining this group and running to the forks of the creek, also extending westward to Cascade Creek, Is the Nickel Plate group of twelve claims, owned by John and William Lynch. Tlie main ledge is sixty feet wide and is covered by five claims, on .vhich prospect holes have been sunk, while the other claims are on spurs from t'.iis and the Bonanza and Deadwood ledges, ranging in width from ten to t'.ilrty feet. The ore Is of the same character and value as the Bonanza and Deadwood. The placer ground from the mouth of Peshastin Creek far up towards its head is still being worked with a fair measure of success. The deposits of grid- bearing material are gravel hills built up in the course of%ge3 on old ri.er channel?, running sometimes parallel, at others across the present channel of Peshastin Creek. In the old channels the gold is mostly coarse, and thereforf easily saved, but where the present streams have acted on It it is fine and requires more care and skill. One of the largest enterprises of this kind is leing carried on by W. M. Keene and O. A. Benjamin, of Seattle, on the flats Oeside the Wenatchee on its right bank, one and one-half miles below Peshastin. Mr. Keene began by sluicing back from the river bank, taking water from a point half a mile up that creek. He found that the old channel bedrock sloped back from the present river channel, and thus his ground was flooded. Being joined by Mr. Benjamin, he put In a hydraulic and a pump to raise the d'.rt from beneath the water on the old channel. The dirt pays well, even for manual work, good streaks running as high as %l a yard. At ihe mouth of Ingalls Creek Mr. Hensel, a farmer, is working several claims with good results in fine gold. On the right bank of the Peshastin, at the mouth of Ruby Creek, James and Thomas Lynch, Riley Elsenhour and Thomas Medhurst have worked six claims with a big hydraulic giant at high water and ground sluiced at low water. Where the canyon narrows below Negro Creek the late J. H. Crawford, W H. Wilcox and Frank B. Holley had four claims on the left bank, to which they built 2,000 feet of ditch and flume from Negro Creek, with 150 feet of fall, and hydraulicked down to the old channel bedrock, which is thirty feet above the present channel. The gold is coarse. In nuggets as large as $6.75, and they are working with only wood rlfT.es and no platas or quicksilver, not attempt- ing to save the fine gold. A mile above Negro Creek George W. and J. M. Bloom, two brothe.rs, and John Snyder are working three good claims which take in all the bai ground on both sides of the creek, on the old channel. The Bloom brothers started in 1893 by sluicing out the dirt on the right bank of the creek and took »79 from a space fifteen feet square. In 1895 they took $20 from the space next below ten feet square and at the most eighteen inches deep, and were last year joined bv Mr. Snvder. They cut a ditch for a bedrock drain, but failed to reach bedrock, and then started a tunnel to cut across from rim to rim of the old channel, which is In twenty-eight feet, keeping the water down with a bucket wheel. Fror; the first eight feet of this tunnel they took $4.20, and they have a be of gravel twei»ty feet deep, which they say carries 25 cents a yard fi-om rim to rim and surface to bedrock. The gold is nearly all coarse, but thiy save the line gold by means of pole riffles placed length- wise of the sluice box, with cleats underneath which raise them an Inch above the bottom. This arrangement causes a continual boil in the water, which thus sucks the gold under the cross-pieces. On the lowest claim they are driving a tunnel back to the old channel, of which they have not yet found the bedrock, the dirt running as well as on the upper claims. They propose to dig a ditch one and one-fifth miles along the creek, with a capacity ot 1.000 hiches. and wHl put in a six-inch pipe and hydraulic. 78 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. LEAVENWOBTH. The last five years have proved the presence of a great mineral zone In the mountalria on each side of the Chlwah Canyon, as In other parts of the Cascade Range, and development is proceeding with such vigor that a year or two more should suffice to make the district a regular producer. The Leavenworth District is easily accessible from Seattle. Leaving that city on the Great Northern train, one goes to Leavenworth,. 151 miles, and then goes northward by a good road to Shueart's ranch, ♦'ourteen miles, and by trail to either the Phelps Basin or the Chlwah Basin, thirty-eight miles in each case. These basins are one at each side of a high ridge ten miles long, known as Red Hill, the Chlwah llowlng down ono side and Phelps Creek down the other, to unite at the tail of the hill. On this mountain, called Red Hill to distinguish It from Red Mountain in the Trail Creek District, is the greatest minei-al zone with the most active work. The first discovery of mineral on this mountain was made in 1893 by George N. Watson, who found in a low saddle on the summit, between porphyry and granite walls, a ledge of iron pyrites four feet wide, running a little east of south and west of north, with a slight eastward dip. He located the Emerald, and this lodge has since been traced on the surface through a string of claims for about live miles. On a parallel ledge he and Dr. L. L. Porter, of Roslyn, have the Esmeralda, which a shaft forty-two I'eet deep a»id drifts twenty-six and twelve feet have shown to widen from e'ghteen inches on the surface to five feet. The ore is arsenical Iron and copper sulphides and assays $11 gold, 33 per cent, copper and a small amount of silver. The thorough prospecting which followed on Mr. Watson's discovery and extmliiHtions by mining engineers have shown the mountain to be formed of rranltlo rocks, with cliffs of gneiss on the side of the Phelps Creek Basin, a,nd to be a great mineral zone, in which the ledges, carrying chalcopyrlte ajid pyrites, have been traced by croppings of ore and by locations for five mile across country. The ledges are true fissures of great size and strength, but 1 ave not yet been defined by development, Tlie largest property on tlie mountain is the Red Cap and Bryan groups of twenty claims, owned by the Una Mining and Milling Company, of Seattle, covering over 500 acres from the Phelps Basin southward and from the summit down to Phelps Creek, with a tunnel site on the Chlwah side, two of the claims being placers In the flat at the confluence of the Chiwah and Phelps Creek. The majority of the claims are on the main ledge or system ojf ledges, while five run continuously for 7,500 feet along the main cross ledge, which has a course south of west and north of east, breaking through granite, gnelsa and syenite and dipping slightly to the northwest into the mountain. It shows well mineralized chutes of ore on tlie surface, carrying chalco- pyrlte, pyrites of Iron and copper and some manganese. The lowest assay from the surface was $3.73 gold and the highest $72 gold, but copper will also form a large part of the value. The main ledge has ore bodies showing in numerous places, heavily charged with arsenical and sulphide ores, assaying from $3 to $180 gold. The average value of the ore through the mountain is $69 gold and silver, on the basis of a number of assays. A tunnel Is hi fifty- two feet to cut the broad main mineral zone at a maximum depth of 1,500 feet and is being continued with a double shift of miners. At 112 feet it will cut the first ledge, which shows three and one-half feet wide on the surface, carrying sulphides and black sulphurets and assaying $45 gold, silver and lead, and a little further will strike the second, which is seven and one-half feet wide and well mineralized on the surface with copper sulphurets, copper oxides and buncnes of native copper, assaying $48.60 for all values. The Bryan group lies on the south edge of the company's holdings and has a ledge showing three and one-half feet of solid ore, heavily charged with copper sulphurets and native copper in bunches. Another ledge further up the mountain shows twenty-five feet of talc carrying sulphides, and will b« tapped at great depth by the cross-cut tunnel, and yet another, which cut* the red cliffs forming the rim of the basin, has been defined to a width of seven feet, with only the hanging wall found. A tunnel has been started on this group also and will be pushed this season, when a tunnel will alio be driven from the Chlwah side of the mountain. This company has already expended over $3,000 on development. The company which had been most active in development untU the advent of the Una was the Red Hill Mining Company, which owns ten claims on the two main ledges running across Phelps Creek south of the Una property. On the Black Bear a tunnel has been run sixteen feet, showing a twelve-foot ledge carrying copper and iron sulphides, which assayed $2.50 to $29 gold and silver; on the White Swan ledge, traced for some distance to a width of eight feet, a forty-foot tunnel showed arsenical iron assaying $12 to $18 gold, sliver and copper. I. North Star. I. BUUl 1. Bontr. & Lwt C «. Kwiitit^ 7. IbrcridL t. Ro LMWtqr. «. Owieton. 10 lUk. ^_^ 11 Hur jorie 8l*li«t. 18. 0«wjto 8^»^ IS. KMkxta 14. 8»ow»j Whltfc 15. Corkn. IS. Ud« (Mtf. 17. BoU; 0«*. It. UmOKs. ISl RmMUL W. Rdlj BIy. iU. fltsclta 22. Soanlt. 23. BatMllL 24. Blaur. n. UUgnn M. Mra. 27. Cull. 28. lAwk'i Weil. 2». BAieki. SO. tom. SL Datcoa. .12. Smwt. 8*. Wj»Mop»Oi««P» M. AUBklUfOop. 85. TJm OKOTIk ^ S8. Bed ManntalB Ot. St. B«< Bill Cci M. HIUwArraata. }y. Bnn«6iMV> 40. P.- 1 anwik _ U UtUeOiutOnift LEAVENWORTH OKAiNOQAN COUNTY WASmNOTON VtHMKI IN THI r/tOI'IO NOKTHWnt MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 7f The Red Mountain Mining Company also owns ten claims on the two main ledges, but has not as yet done any development. Among the other extensions on the Emerald ledge are the Spokane by J. D. Wynkoop, Capt. Benton and Henry Carpenter, of Yakima; the Emerald No. 2, by H. D. Watson and Tony Preston; the Standard, by G. N Watson and Albert Medhurst; the Great Eastern, by D, H. Watson; the Eveleen and Ohio, by H. EUnn. On the Esmeralda ledge D. H. Watson has the Esmeralda No. 2 and on a cross ledge the Northern Light. On the latter an open cross- cut extending twenty feet from the footwall has not struck the hanging wall and shows Iron sulphides assaying $8 gold. Turner & Co., of Spokane have the Fourth of July group of six claims on three parallel ledges. Running over the summit from the head of Phelps Basin to Red La,ke, Frank Reeves and others have the two Alaska claims on a twenty-five foot ledge showing sulphides clear across the cropplngs. The Smuggler ledge has been traced up the hill and on it Carl Chrlstlanson has located the Standard, John M. Miller, William Nack and Carl Christiansen have the Morning, Custer, Liver- pool and Cariboo. On another ledge Tony Preston and John W. Miller have the Queen Victoria group of three claims, and Turner & Co. have the two Great Northerns. On the Chlwah side of the hill, below the Emerald ledge, are the Mountain Goat and its extension by Frank A. Losekamp & Co., the Sacred Faith and its extension; the Portland and its extension, by Emil Frank & Co.; the German, by Sig. Frudenstein; the Black Diamond group of four claims, by Losekamp & Co.; the Black Man, by John W. Miller; the Black Crystal, by Karbs, of Spokane, and the Eagle, by William Nack and Carl Christiansen. Until the last year but little development had been done on Red Hill, but the movement which has begun may be expected to spur owners on to show what thefe is beneath the surface. Near the mouth of Maple Creek Charles Allen has the Champion group of five claims, where there were evidences of the presence of white men as early as the year 1866. One ledge cropped eight to ten feet wide, showing Bulphurets, and former ownera had run a cross-cut 310 feet to tap it and then abandoned it for lack of funds. The other ledge shows pyrltlc ore and is well defined to a width of fifteen to twenty feet between walls of syenite and porphyry running southeast and northwest, assaying $4 to $7 gold on the surface, and has an east and west spur on the summit. A cross-cut has been run about 300 feet to tap it at a depth of 250 feet. Further up the mountain Philip Hatch and others have the two Drummer Boy claims on a ledge show- ing four feet wide in an open cut, where the ore assays J5.68 gold and silver. On the Rock Creek Canyon, half a mile from the Chlwah, is the P. -I. group of two claims, ownod by Frank Schuenemann, of Pasco. The surface showing Is a gneiss blow-out of oxidized iron, carrying gold and sliver, and one streak of ore assayed 444 ounces silver. A cross-cut tunnel is in sixty- ' seven feet. On Fall Creek, still further down the Chlwah, A. W. Purdy has the Big Elephant group of six claims on a large ledge of hematite ore, defined by a twelve-foot open cut, carrying gold, silver and copper, which assays on the surface $3 to $9 gold and $3.75 sliver. On the summit of the range between Mad River and the Chlwah Is another section of the same district, of granite and shale formation, which is reached from Leavenworth by fourteen miles of road and three miles of trail. On this range are two great parallel ledges of light green schistose talc between granite walls, carrying free gold. The Monterey Gold Mining and Mllllns Company has nine claims, comprising the Georgie Smith group. Eight claims are on a ledge of light grreen talcdse quarta sixty feet wide, with no defined pay streaks, which was tapped in thirty-five feet by a cross-cut last summer. The gold is said to be all free and assays of surface specimens have run $3.25, $125, $!S50 and $3,128 gold. The other claim is on a seven-foot cross ledge. The company Is about to erect a ten-stamv mill and will begin milling ore this spring. , ^ . , ,,. . ^ On the extension of the Georgie Smith ledge the Cable Mining Company, of Seattle, has five claims, which with two on a second ledge on the east bank of Mad River, are known as the Palmer group. The main ledge on tbl9 group is thirty-five feet wide and shows a pay streak of twenty-four Inches at a depth of eleven feet In an open cut, ore from which assayed $186 gold. A cross-cut tapped the main ledge in forty feet, but has not cut through It This ledge crops so strongly that It can be readily traced for 15,000 feot. The second ledge is also a true fissure in granite. , , „ ^ , . J. C. Parsons and Bickford & Son have the two Hawk's Nest claims on the Georgie Smith ledge. On a twenty-foot ledge of free milling ore Louts Heuch, Charles Blazier, Charles Lllygren and Max Spromberg have tha Mother Lode group of four claims, on which they have run a ertxtoen-root tunnel. . „ At the mouth of Deep Creek the Deep Creek Mlnln« Conipany has a jfroup of thirteen placer clalnas. on which four men were employed last iiummer with a hydraulic g^ant. The dl» carried about 2«_oentB a yard and about «0 per cent of the value isaaved in the sluice boxes with silver pUtes, though the. gold In the Chlwah RShrer bars is generally so fine that It can only b« saved by great care and skill. 80 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. The extension of the wagon road from Shugart's ranch to the head of th« Chlwah River or Phelps Creek would not be attended with any great diffi- culty and would do much to facilitate work. It 1h understood that the people of Leavenworth contemplate making this improvement, as it would redound greatly to their benefit. LAKE CHELAN. y K ■ Development is fast proving that the precipitous mountains which shut In this beautiful body of water on each side are full of mineral equal In abundance and value to tho mineral belt which is cut by the Columbia River and extends east and west along the boundary line for an indefinite distance. The principal ore bodies opened so far carry gold-bearing iron and copper pyrites, but there are also in close proximity rich narrow ledgee of silver-bearing ores. The district, while not tapped by any railroad, is easily accessible. From. Seattle one goes by the Greac Northern Railroad to Wenatchee, 174 miles* by the sttamer City of Ellensburg to Chelan Falls, thirty-nine miles; by stage to Chelan, three and one-half miles, or to liakeslde, live miles- or steamer City of Ellensburg to La Chapolle, forty miles, and stage to Chelan two and one-half miles; by steamer Stehekln to Meadow Creek, flfty-two- miles, or Railroad Creek, the same distance, these two streams emptying into the lake almost opposite one another. If one wishes to make a more extended trip to adjoining mining districts, the Seattle & International train can be taken from Seattle to Woolley, eighty miles; the Seattl.- & Northern train thence to Hamilton, fourteen miles; stage thence to Marble Mount, thirty-four miles, then go on horseback over the state trail, which runs up the Cascade River, over the Cascade Pass and down the Stehekin River ta the mouth of Bridge Creek, forty-one miles. Leaving the state trail here, one would go sl.'cteen miles over another trail to Stehekin,, at the heart of Lake Chelan, where the steamer Stehekin would be taken and one would go in the reverse direction over the route first described. Taking this route, the traveler would make a circuit of 471 miles and would pass through the Skagit copper belt, the Cascade and Stehekin silver belt, the Lake Chelan gold, copper and silver district, and the Wenatchee low grade gold diatrlct. This trip would at the same time give an opportunity to see the Switzerland of America and enjoy unrivaled hunting and fishing. The country rock of this region is granite, amid which lie great dikes of porphyry, and the ledges are usually in the contact between these two rocks in tho Meadow Creek District, their course beinj? slightly south of west and north of east. The first prospecting was done in 1891 from rowboats on the lake, whence the croppings of mineral could be descried on the mountains on each side, but In the following year the heights were scaled and explored in a more thorough search. The first discovery has so far proved t he greatest, thanks to the energetic development of the last year, though others may yet rival it. This Is the Blue Jay, on the east bank of Meadow Creek, 1,000 feet above the east bank of the lake, discovered by Capt. Charles Johnson, of Lakeside. It is now being developed to a depth of l.W feet by the Chelan Gold Mining Company, which has bought it. The red iron capping of the ledge rises in a ser^s of big swells on both sides of and above a slide in which the orumLied, Iron- stained rock slopes for !iOO feet down to the next bench. It is a clearly defined ledge of iron and copper pyrites from thirty to forty-five ffet wide between walls of granite and porphyry, the line of cleavage being inarked by seams of quartz. Of the ledge eight feet is white quartz and ten feet is diorlte exactly like tnat of other sulphide districts. An assay of the surface ore showed it to carry $8 gold, 12 per cent, copper and a little silver. An open cross-cut and t mnel were run on the ledge for seventy-two feet, giving a depth of fifty feet, and cross-cuts were then run twenty-six feet to the hanging wall and fifteen feet to the footwall, defining the width of the le -* --. "^ ) \N ...L^: --- .*S^' ^ ,^^ »_ #i--- v_ VJ/^ k '■■ ,\* u M UK ln< b 8o! 1.' T I' -^ NG IN rue PACtnc Tndex to Num- bered ClalniB South of Lake. 1, North etar Group. Agnes. Monarch. Mystary. 6. Mystic. 6. Deer Park. 7. W. T. 8. Sunrise. .9. Sunset. to. Stockholm. U. Gold Bug. t2. H«rU>n. 13. Goerleke. 14. MonteRosa. 15. Dawn. 16. Mary G. 17. Black Cap. 18. White Cap. 19. Blue Cap. 30. Sis4 Gap. a. Tenderfoot. 22. Emma. 22. Minnie. 24. A. M. H. 2(». Irene. 2(J. (Jold Bug. ' yr. Buckskin. 2.1. CJhelan. 29. Copper Mtn No. 1. 30. Copper Mtn No. 2. 31. Lulu H. 32. Lottie. 33. SKy Rocket. 34. MaryOreen. 55. Iron Dyke. 36. Last Chance. 37. Raymond. 38. Marcus Stein Group. 39. D.T.Denny Group. North c 1. MOB( 2. 8ilv< 3. Busi 4. 'Nebi 5. Clay 6. Phy ;. Orui MRMHM eivii A!%o MiMiNo SNaiNaA. I Iron Dyke, last Chance. Raymond, Marcus Stein Oroup. D.T.Denny Q-roup. North of Laka. 1. Moscow. 2. Silver Bell. 3. Buster. 4. 'Nebraska. 5. Clayton. 6. Phyllis. 7. 0rumrlne. 8. Emma Lee. 9. MattleJane. !0. Wolverine. U. Idaho. 12. Canada. 13. Devonshire. 14. Mastodon. 15. Ellephant. 16. Hard- scrabble. 17. Lake View. 18. Emma. 19. Diamond J. 20. Gem. 21. Blue Jay. 22. 'Blue Jay ' 'bought. 27. Chub. 28. Unique. 29. Black Bear, 30. New York, 31. Confidence, ^. Seattle.^ 33. Slsmarck. 34. Johnson, 35. Iowa. 36. Carrie A. 37. Orphan Boy. Hunter. 39. Silver King. y %. ^ ^^. / \ • / i/ /' r >/!r«.I )=^'f' ij^f »<->5 i / ^ — l !•«. I It .'>■!« > ^*Av^ { >)..H \ u- ••virt'-vn .C .ajrohocn .fir --•iP'^M .a -miit^ oi gold predomlr Bhowert 18'/4 P* A coiitnict and tup the le will be oompl) eroBB-cut to ti where the cro enters the led ore 8up«'rlor t a comproHHor The Hlu.! feet on th<' Iv extenHlon, ow and tuniifl ah 119 Kold aiid the IfdK*' thrt fliilms of Mc8 extension E. Gibson iind P At least n Home of them Kmma Lee, o wide In a por open cut and ]■> per cent, co and the Iron ( The Phylll Crumiine, S. of Seattle, for Ing several \n Inch streak (i copper, $C.50 g open up the 01 The Nebn eighteen feet hanging wall galena to wk 21 ounces sllvi The Idahc Development wide between and crops 1 croppln^K s gold, 16 ount In the hanRi 200 feet of de Another runs through feet along th feet of 01 ca 11 ounces slH the tunnel Is Nlcol and N The rtust Is on a ledge native silver Creek M. M shaft have the Blue Jay Boyd, who h long. The t doch, are pa pings. Crossing are four par group of th four-foot le( Phelps has twelve Inche claims, on Seattle Gold and on one four inch ch Ave feet on 500 feet. TH on a great as high as 6 The first and thus dri h( si MININO IN THK PACIFU' N'TITII NVK8T. |1 gold predomlniitlng. The hlRhPHt usnay wnH from tho copper nulphl(Ie» and nhowed 16',a por icnt. < oppt-r. $lfi.So Kold. the rt-mulndcr Hllvcr. A contract hfiH bee^i 1n the west extension K. F. Christy, A. H. Murdoch and Buckingham have the Gibson and Frank LIghtner the Granite. At least five distinct ledges parallel with the Blue Jay have, been traced, some of them to the summit of the Methow Range. On one of these Is the Kmma Lee, owned by S. J. Gray and E. J. Wilder, where It crops fifteen feet wide In a porphyry dlV', and shows three feet oi' solid mineral In a fifty foot open cut and ffunp' 1. The surface ore assayed $14. .V) gold, fi ounces silver, 15 per cent. copr.»'. The Mattle Jane, owned by 8. J. Gray and "Bill" Rasnic, and the Iron Crip, by S. J. Gray, adjoin. The rhylUs group of three claims on this ledge has been oonded by Andrew Crumrlne, S. J, Gray and L. H. Millard to J. B. Bowles and J. G. Cotton, of Seattle, for development. The ledge crops at least thirty feet wide, show- ing several jiay streaks, and a tunnel 112 feet along it shows a two to seven Inch streak of copper sulphides on the hanging wall assaying 21 per cent, copper, $G.50 gold, 8 ounces sliver. It Is intended to cross-cut at 100 feet and open up the other pay streaks. The Nebraska, on the same ledge, is owned by I... H. Millard, and has eighteen feet of mineralized porphyry, with a thlrty-slx foot tunnel on the hanging wall showing a pay streak of copper sulphides, gray copper and galena to widen from four to eight Inches, surface ore assaying $1.25 gold, 21 ounces silver. The Idaho group of two claims, owned by the Seattle Gold Mining and Development Company, l.s on a parallel ledge of porphyry over fifty feet wide between granite walls, which has been traced to the Sawtooth Range and (^rops In a gulch running to the lake. It Is capped with Iron and the cropplngK show three feet of sulphides and gray copper, assaying $8 to $16 gold, 16 ounces silver, 16 per cent, copper. A tunnel has been run seventy feet in the hanging wall, and when It is In 100 feet the ledge will be cross-cut, with 200 feet of depth. The Canada, by William Bigger, is on the extension. Another mineralized porphyry dike of great width, 1,000 feet northwest, runs through the Moscow, owned by Andrew Crumrlne. An open cut thirty feet along the hanging wall is being extended In a tunnel and shows three feet of oto carrying copper sulphides and peacock copper which assays $8 gold, 11 ounces silver, 7 to 11 per cent, copper. The whole ledge Is mineralized and the tunnel is being extend'^d with a view to cross-cutting. A. Crumrlne, J. W. Nicol and N. B. Church have the Silver Bell on the east extension. The Buster group of thre<.' claims, owned by H. JI. Hunt and Ole Olsen, Is on a ledge near the head of Fish Creek, carrying pyrites, associated with native silver. On a parallel six-foot ledge of sulphide ore crossing Meadow Creek M. M. Kingman and R. N. Pershall have the Chub, and In a thirty-foot shaft have .shown ore assaying $14 gold, $18 silver. A four-foot ledge crossing the Blue Jay is covered by the Emma group of three claims, owned by Spencer Boyd, who has shown three feet of sulphides in two cuts, ten and twenty feet long. The three Bismarck claims, owned by W. P. Robinson and A. H. Mur- doch, are parallel with the Blue Jay and show copper sulphides in the crop-, pings. Crossing Cascade Creek, which empties half a mile below Meadow Creek, are four parallel ledges, on three of which J. Robert Moore has the Cascade group of three claims. T\70 ten-foot luniiels have been run, one showing a four-foot ledge carrying two feet of sulphides mixed with galena. W. H. Phelps has the Iowa on a parallel ledge. In which a forty-foot tunnel shows twelve Inches of ore assaying- $60 gold, 200 ounces silver. The two Silver King claimb, on another ledge cut by Cascade Crock, have been bonded by the Seattle Gold Mining and Development Company. The ledge is ten feet wide and on one side shows Iron and copper sulphides and on the other a twenty- four Inch chute of galena ore, carrying a little copper. A tunnel Is in thirty- flve feet on this ore chute and when extended to 200 feet will give a depth of 500 feet. The Elephant and another claim, owned by J. M. Scheuyeaulle, are on a great body of ore 50 to 100 feet wide carrying silver, assays having run as high as 60 ounces. , , , The first ore shipped from Lake Chelan had silver for Its principal va. v^- . and thus drew attention from the great ledges of pyrites on the heights. The 82 MINING IN THK PACIFIC NORTHWEST. MIN Sunday Morning, owned by J. Robert Moore, is on a twelve-inch ledge of quartz croj)ping on the water's edge at the foot of a granite cliff, and a seventy-foot tunnel showed it to widen to five feet, with a v>ay streak carrying galena and ruby silver two to four inches wide. A shipment of 4,600 pounds to the Omaha smelter returned $250 a ton Kro.ss. The tloor of the tunnel is now being lowered three and one- half feet and the ore taken out in doing so is sacked for shipment, the latest assay being 2,005 ounces silver and $71 gold. When this work is completed the tunnr 1 will be extended. Mr. Moore in also driving a tunnel on the Happy Though , adjoining. The Little Jap group of four cluims is on ii !< dge of porphyry four feet wide and carrying two inches of high-grade ruby silwr ore, cropping 250 feet above the lake, with a cross ledge of the same width currying iron and copper sulphides. A tunnel thirty-five feet showed the pay streak to widen to four Inches, with iron sulphides of smal value throughout the ledge matter. A cross-cut has been run ttfty-tive feet to lap both ledges at depth. On the Hunter group of two claims D. H. Lord and A. W. La Chapelle have a four-foot ledge with a foui-inch .streak of gray copper and ruby silver cropping near the mouth of Cascade Creek. A fifteen-foot tunnel has shown ore assaying 140 ounces silver, Sifi gold. The Railroad Creek discoveries show ledges of galena on the summit of the Entiat Range, where this district adjoins Red Hill in the Leavenworth District, the Chiwah and Phelps Creek flowing south from one side and Railroad Creek flowing east from the other. The latter stream has Its source in Red, or Nellie, Lake, and Green, or Jackson, Lake, and makes a leap of 1,350 feet at Bv<;echer Palls into Rodgers L;ike, two miles further east. On the summit, near the two former lakes, eighteen miles from Lake Chelan, the Cascade Range Mining Company has the North Star group of eight claims, six on one ledge and two on another, the formation being granite and the course southwest and northeast. The main lodge has a pay streak of fifteen to twenty Indies, assaying 100 to 140 ounces silver and 33 1-3 per cent, lead, shown in tunnels tAventy-five and thirty-three feet long. A great deposit of gold-bearing copper ore was discovered in July, 1896, by J. H. Holden, of Seattle. Thi ledge is at least seventy-five feet wide between dlorite w.alls and runs northwest and southeast from the base of Cougar Mountain across Railroad Creek and through Copper and Irene Mountains. The ore body is from thirty to fifty feet wide, containing five distinct streaks of copper and iron sulphides close together, carrying $4 to $.10.20 gold and 2% to 1.S per cent, copper. There are intervening streaks of copper carbonates carrying 19 per cent, copper and $9.50 gold. On this ledge Mr. Holden has the Irene group of three claims, on which he has recently resumed work. Ten miles from the mouth of the creek a ledge has bf-.a exposed by a slide in the bed of Wilson Creek between granite walls and shows in the croppings four feet of quartz carrying ant.lmontal silver and fine-grained pyrites. The Seattle Gold Mining and Developirient Company has the Ray- mond, and Marcus Stein has two claims named after himself, from the Hun'aoe of which he took ore assaying high in gold and silver, but he has done no development. STEHEKIN DISTBICT. With a story of a lost mine dating back to 1880, this district has a mining histor.y beginning in the year 1885. Ifextonds along the summit of the range northward from Cascade Pass and includes the whole watershed of the Stehekln River. Discoveries began on Doubtful .Lake, north oi' the pass, then extended to Horseshoe Basin, then along each side of the Stehekln Canyon, next up Park and Bridge Creeks, flowing from the right, and then up Agnes and Company Creeks on the left. Development has proceeded far enough to prove the presence of smal! ledges of rich ore and large ledges of low-grade ore In clos^e proximity, but hitherto the many handicaps which beser. the progress of a mining camp have prevented any mine frori becoming a producer. Yet the high-grade ore would pay a handsome profit on ship- ment to the smelter. The ore Is of two kinds— one carrying galena, gray conper and sulphides in which silver Is the principal .alue, though there Is a large admlxtti.re of gold; the other carrying iron and copper sulphides nnd^.r the familiar Iron cap, which has heen fouijd a sure sign of a mineral deposit throughout the Cascades, as in the Gold Range, The sulphides are always of low grade, at least on the surface, their value being divided amonn- gold, copper and silver, usually In the order named. While the 8ulphld»>i Iedg<»M are of great size, those carrying mainly sllvrer-lead o'-pn are of no mean proportions, often spreading to a width of ninety feet 'm 1*16 surface TLe ledges near the headwaters of the Stehekln generally . -n from east to west and cleave the granite country rock so strongly t' . ; they can be traced with the eye by the break in the line of the latter on the Jagged summits for mllea. The mcpt convenient route to this dHtrlct at present la the most cir- cuitous. Going by the Great Northern train to Wenatchee, 174 niil«a one lakes the steamer forty miles, goes b: Ive.ly, and then by the head of Lake <. to ride thirty miles to Doubtful Lake, oft" to Compan.v ar Creeks on the right Seattle & Internal Seattle & Noriherr up the Skagit Vail forty miles, then o' In the one case the < On the basin sii Rouse in Septembei black sulphiirets "an feet, while it spreat traced by the red Basin and runs -w« ■where it crops on claims are on tlie quite as clearly tn Lake and I'^lora or claims are now ov Adolph Bebrens, ol 120 feet on rhe leds more or less minen On the Doubtful ti iu:;hes of ore which lead, while the rest a six-foot led^',(> asf extenBions or liaral) and George Taylor In 1889 and sue traced through to I who found the Quii Pershall, Ed Persl ledges was located, in width from twel on the same ledge have run a tunn.il $3 to $5 gold and Basin, with two W^arrior group and cut tunnel is in 12! first 075 feet furt ledge to be at least tV) ounces sliver aur Below the >onf crops twelve feet located across the is on this ledg(: Mav and Mrs lies the ledge, showin 700 ounces sliver dump, where it h years, returned $60 On the same 1 and Charles John thirty to flfty feet thirty-foot open ct gray copper, and Vam. under the Iso'etta group, and sions Albert Persl Keller the Viola. Flamingo, owned run up to $3 goifl. same owners have copper, 3 ouncos si Shyall on a ledge 10 ounces silver a from eight to flft and his associates high as 'IfjO gold. leago about twent and are owned by The Crown Pr others, of Spokan cross-cut :t by tu 4( f MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. takes the steamer City of Elleiisburg up the Colombia to Chelan Falls, forty mili-f, fe'oes bj' stage to Chelan or Lakeside, four or five miles respect- ively, and then by the steamer Stehekln to the postoflflce of Stehekln at the head of I.r claimB on the same ledge are still owned by Messrs. Kingman and Pershall, who have run a tunnel fifty feet, showing ore which assays 60 to 90 ounces silver, $3 to $5 gold and 40 per cent. lead. The other twelve ledges on Horseshoe Basin, with two claims on each, are known as the Blue Devil and Black Warrior group and are owned by Henry Rustln, of Hazelton, Pa. A cross- cut tunnel is In 125 feet to cross-cut all twelve ledges, and will strike the first 67?; feet further at a depth of 440 feet. Open cuts have shown th* ledge to be at least twenty-five fr-et wide and assays show $4.50 to $7.50 gold iW ounces silver and 14 to 17 per cent, copper. Below the confluence of Horseshoe Creek with the Stehekln. a ledge crops twelve feet wide in a gulch on one wall of the canyon and has been located across the river and up the opposite mountain. The laoletta croup Is on this ledge and is being developed by J. D. and R. N. Pershall. C C. Mav and Mrs Hess, of Walla Wallx. A tunnel has been driven 215 feet on the" ledge, showing four and one-hilf feet of pay ore, which a-ssavs 300 to 700 ouncep silver and $3 to $7 gold. A shipment of 2,200 pounds from the dump, where it had been exposed to the action of air and water for two years, returned $60 a ton. On the same ledge, across the canyon, R. N. Pershall, M. M. Kingman and Charles Johnson have the Homestake and Star, on which it croDS thirty to fifty feet wide, with a body of ore four feet wide shown by a thlrtv-foot open cut. This ore carries chloride and bromide of silver and gray copper, and assays 112 to 400 ounces silver and $15 gold. The Twin Falix, under the falls of Horseshoe Creek, i.s owned in common with the Iso'etta group, and has shown un three f.M^t of gray copper ore. On exten- sions Albert Pershall and M. Ri Kingman have the Christy, and F *' Keller the Viola. The same ledge crops ten to twenty feet wide on the Flamingo, owned by J. M. Scheuyeaulle and others, where assays have run up to $3 gold, 20 ounces silver, 8 per cent, copper. Adjoining thin the same owners have the TiOttle S. or. an eight-foot ledge assaying 9 pei- cent copper, 2 ounces silver, and on Sh; .all Lake Mr. Scheuyeaulle has the Lake Shyall on a ledge r.O to 100 feet wide, c-"' which assays have run S? gold 10 ounces silver and as high as 7,") per c-'n";. copper. On a ledge varvln* from eight to fifty feet wide, which cro8'->3 JTla-t Creek, Mr. Soheuyeau'fc and his associates have the Sunset group of three claims, giving nssavs &« high as '$60 gold. The Mountain Sheik and ar tther claim are on a paVall*) ledge about twenty feet wide, as; aylng 15 oiit.oes silver. 10 per cent, copper and are owned by the same parties. The Crown Prince and Free Coinage, owned by Cook & Clarke and others, of Spokane, are on a ledge running into a steeT> cliff, and the.v will crosH-cut '.t by tunneling on a stringer, which has already widened from 84 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. nine to twenty-llirep inches In a cut of only twenty-eight Inches. The ora is copper sulphidis carrying 31 per cent, copper, $4.85 gold and 3 ounces silver. The galena Icdgts plowed down by the glaciers ofHoiseshoe Hasln nave been traced twelve miles eastward to the head of Bridge Creek, twenty- three and one-half miles by trail from Stchekln, but there thev are found parallel or associated with ledger, of pyritic ore in a formation of granite and porphyry. Of the Tiger group of seven claims, owned by K. b. • Ingraham, H. O. Hollenbeck, Van Smith, Professor Piper, Lieorge Voung, H. Willis Carr and othoni, three claims are on a ledge fully Hfty feet wide, running northeast and .southwest n(>ar tho head of the north loik. flie cropplngs show three pay streaks, twenty-four, eighteen and six inches wide, two of them carrying galena, steel galena, gray copper and sulphurets, as shown in a twenty-foot open cut, while a twelve-foot shaft shows the third to change from large galera crystals to sulphides. Assays range from 103 to 176 ounces silver and uniformly show about $24 gold. Three other claims are on a parallel ledge five foet wide, in which a twenty-foot tunnel shows a fourteen-inch streak of white iron assaying ?6 gold, $8 silver, besides copper. On two of the claini.s cuts have been made preparatory to tunneling and have shown a quartz gangue, but in the other the gangue is porphyry carrying six inches of cube galena on one wall and a streak of iron sulphides on the other. The remaining claim is on a parallel ledge of hard crystallized quartz about ten feet wide, carrying sulphides, which assay $5 gold and silver on the surface. The Minneapolis is held by William Keho and Joseph L/athrop on a ledge of iron and copp< r pyrites cropping fifty feet between walls and carrying mineral tha full width to a value of $18 gold, silver and copper. A cross-cut has been driven forty feet and will top the ledge In another si^ity feot. The Defender group of three claims is held by M. A. Allmandinger, Daniel Devore and others on three small ledges, each about two feel wide. The main ledge was supposed to carry ruby silver, but a cut to bo continued by a tunnel showed a two-inch streak carrying gray copper and sulphides, which a.ssayed 100 ounces silver. Another ledge showed four Inches of galena in a twerit.v-foot open cut. Among the other leading claims on Bridge Creek are the Mayflower on a thirty-foot h'dge and the East Side on one five feet wide, both owned by William Keho and Henry Quinn. M. Bushman and W. I. Lyle have the Jefferson and Tennessee on parallel ledges about eight feet wide, carrying galena. In the Maple C!"eek Basin John Ferguson has the Prince of Wales on a four-foot ledge carrying eighteen inches of antimoniai and ruby silver, Qllkey & Co., of Edison, having the Lulu on the extension, an assay from which ran $180 gold and silver, while ten other claims trace it across the mountain to Bridge Creek. Gilkey & Co. also have two claims on a four-foot ledge with eighteen Inches of ore which averaged several hundred ounces In silver, and have the Sailor Boy on one thirty inches wide carrying $25 gold, 18 ounces silver. At the head of Bridge Creek Is the Gray Eagle on a four-foot ledge assaying 140 ounces silver and $4 gold, the owners belny Rogers & liowe, of Watervllle. Oscar Johnson and Peter Dalberg. The great deposits of sulphide ore extending across Company and Agnea Creeks near their sources and tlirough the Intervening ridge were first discovered eight years ago by Peter Goericke, of Conconully, but he strove In vain to find them again on a second trip and nearly lost his life in the attempt. Dennis McDonald and William Stlllwell continued the search and In 1894 discovered s, ledge of iron pyrites sixty feet wide, cut by Company Creek. They located the Well-known group of claims on this and parallel ledges. ueven of these claims on one ledge comprise a group which has been acquired by the StehekUi Mining Company. The ledge Is over 100 feet wide In walls of blue porphyry and the center claim is on both sides of the deep canyon of Company Crtek, with perpendicular porphyry walls for over 60« feet, in which a 500-foot tunnel would give 2,500 feet of depth. The ledge is clearly traceable on both these walls and the quartz and schist gangtie is impregnated throughout with Iron and copper pyrites, assaying $2 to $7 gold and 2 to 15 per cent, copper. The belt was then traced through the mountains from the head of Railroad Creek across Company Creek to the head of Agnes Cfeek. On another iedge, nowhere less than 100 and often 300 feet wide, and on spurs and lesser parallel ledges, J. M. Scheuyeaulle, J. W. Horton, Gus Anderson and J. E, Merrltt have the Goericke group of ten claims, while on a parallel ledge from eight to fifty feet wide tney have three claims. Surface ore on the wider ledge has assayed as high as $45 and on the smaller one as high as $G0 gold, but the assays from these bodies of sulphi? 1 1 H t« 5 ■'•S" 4*-^' IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) ,^^1^* ,V^ 1.0 I.I l^m |2.5 ■so ■^" m^Bt ^ 1^ 12.2 1^0 111112.0 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 ^ 6' - j> Photographic Sciences Corporation 33 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 872-4503 9 ^D l-?. \ ^N METHOW «iUNOOAN COUNTY, ^MASUINQTOR ^^ rd 5l,irt &«^*Ph|" Mill • aiLTSB. cri kf^ u tKi>^ C3? s.' - J <^i: ^lauwi BALD KNOE i h OKANOGAN COUNTY, WASHINGTON. Vtfm RoMis.< Tnilh. '^4S^4e^U*L.^ \ ml THC »«Oiri« MORTHWfST Index to Numbered Claims, Korth of Sann-w Creek. 1. Liverpool. 3. London 5. Oreenga«e. 4. Black QBoy. 6. Storm Kins. e. Big 4. « 7. Crystal. 8. California. 9. Milly. i 10. Seven Up. U. Twilight. 12. Badger. 13. Lou»e. 14. (Standard. 16. Columbia. 16. Yaktma. 17. Hidden ; Treasure. 18. iSunrise. 1». Grey Billy. ao. Seattle. 81. Austin burg. 22. Balance. 23. Dead iSaot. 34. Lookout. 25. Sailor Boy. 26. Hunter. 27. Jefferson. 28. Washington. 29. Virginius. 30. Buckhorn. SL Highland Light 12. Cora. 23. Irene. S4. Chicago. 26. Just-in-time. 86. Henrietta. 37. Philadelphia. 38. Gold Dollar. 89. Mary Ann. 40. Dry Gulch. 41. Central. 42. Podunk, 43. Old Rye. i 44. Snow Ball. 45. Auro"-. 46. Trilby. 47. Methow Queen. 48. Paymaster. 49. St. George. 60. St. Patrick. 51. Full Moon. 52. Snowflake. 63. Lincoln. 54. Voltaire. 56. Okanogan. 56. Ophir. 67. Spring. 68. Grubstake. 59. Yes I Know. 60. Jeff Davis. 61. Eureka. 62. Spike Team. 63. CMton. 64. Small Change. 65. Drumlummon. ' 66. Derby. 67. Elkhorn. 68. Sicily. 69. iRansomet. 70. Golden Eagle. 71. Homestake. 72. Golden Chariot. 76. Tiger. 74. Doubtful. 75. Little Fellow. 76. Seattle. 77. Second Thought. 78. Copper King. 79. Missing Link. 80. Inland Light. 81. Grand View. Soath of StinaTr Oreelc. 1. Tiptop. 2. Excelsior. 3. iNip and Tuck. 4. Mountaineer. 5. O. K. 6. 'Alf an* 'alf. 7. Moonshine. 8. Ben Hur. 8. Lily 10. Eler U. Cric 12. IMan 13. Old 14. Old 15. Blac 16. Blue 17. Porl 18. Selk 19. Orig 20. 66. 21. Old 22. Bon 23. Mea 24. Gr< 26. Heh S». Lasi 27. Smi Metl L man 2. Em< 3. Met 4. Yell 5. Jos( 6. Las 7. Cha 8. Ren 9. Albi 10. Sun 11. Moi 12. Bos 13. The 14. Bevi 15. We* 16. Thv 17. Sun 18. Tue 19. Moi 20. Ber 21. Par 22. Pai 23. Na^ 24. Sa>; 26. Dla red Claims, Methow District. ueen. m. ,nge. ion. ' Lgle. lartot. low. lovight. Ing. ink. rht. sw. of reek. CHiok. >er. ilf. i. 8. Lily. 10. Blepliant U. Crlchton. 12. iMammoth. 13. Old Man. 14. Old Woman; 15. Black Canyon. 16. Blue and orey. 17. (Portland. 18. Selkirk. 19. Original. 20. 66. 21. Old Crow. 22. Bones. 23. Meadow LArk. 24. Grey Bagle. 26. Helensburg. 26. Xast Chance. 27. Smuggler. Eiumt of Methow IUTev> L Bluebell. 2. Bmerald. 3. Methow Chief. 4. Yellow Duke, 5. Josephine. 6. Ijast Chance. 7. Charleston. 8. Reno. 9. Albert Lea. 10. Sunny South. 11. Monte Cristo. 12. Boston. 13. Thompson. 14. Seven Eagles. 15. Wednesday. 16. Thursday. 17. Sunday. 18. Tuesday. 19. Monday. 20. Beno. 21. Parallel 1. 22. Parallel 2. 23. Navarre. 24. Savage Queen. 26. Diamond Flush. 26. Monitor. 27. Carnival. 28. BlsmarcK. n. Blue Grouse. 30. Friday. 31. California Boy. 32. Decoration. 33. Humboldt. 34. Ida May. 36. Cripple Creek. 36. DryvlUe. 37. Riverside. 38. East End. 39. Blue Rose. 40. Twins. 41. Schultz-Chesney. 41 Saturday. Nortbern Seetton. 1. iRed Shirt 1 Brooklyn L <. Pride of the Hills. 4. Black Warrior. 5. Crockett. 6. Mike Maloney. 7. Silver Bow. 8 Brother Jack. 9. Panic. 10. Safe Deposit. 11. Spokane. 12. North Star. MoFarlane Creek. L Guy. 2. Bryan. 8. Damifino. 4. iBlack Jack. 6. Lucky Boy. 6. Jiunbo. 7. Tesler. 8. Western PridA. 9. Northern Ligrht. 10. Albion. / / ■">■ '■J' N M This district mining among tl properties are o^ After suffering t dlately following an era of steadj proof that It is v The route froi Is over the Great City of Ellenabui five miles. Then the left bank lea seven miles furt Methow, in the i miles has been c miles further. A the other side of The mineral 1 the Methow flows wide, extending 1 acterlsties are th "The country cut by dikes of mostly strike noi few degrees from at an angle of abi the veins at the depth below. Th the surface of th glacial cement, v Is only seen at ] backs not coveret the dip of the ve left hand at an a of the belt proper are some veins ir the north side of mile wide, in whi( none of whicl) ha belt of syenite, ej Creeks, in which and much riches i carrying much m main veins, whicl nearly six miles i seam of diorite po sl.oving the diorlt occurs In chutes f "The charactei tlte, filling the cr of the different s metallic gold Is v« ara generally foui terlstlcs of the ori talllzed, contalnln zinc and arsenic quite a little copi a further sulphui position, carrying mony, arsenic and The first miner on Poleplck Mour Shirt mine. The wide, and a shaft at the bottom. T Inch ledge, while showing Its width copper sulphurets bought in the sui ertfcted a twenty-« dump. It crushes has also begun a c feet, expecting to MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. THE METHOW. This district was the first to feel the effect of a revival of interest In mining among the people of Seattle dur'ng the year 1896 and the principal proijerties are owned in that city and being developed by Seattle capital. After suffering the effects of ill-advised ventures during the period imme- diately following the first discoveries, it appears now to have entered upon an era of steady, careful development, and every day's work gives added proof that It is well worth the confidence being shown In it. The route from Seattle to the Methow District, like that to Lake Chelan, is over the Great Northern Railroad to Wenatchee, 174 miles, by the steamer City of Ellensburg to Ives Landing at the mouth of the Methow, seventy- five miles. Thence a wagon road runs up each bank of the river, that on the left bank leading to Sliver, twenty-five miles, and i.o the Twisp Ferry, seven miles further, while that on the right bank leads to the town of Methow, in the center of the district, eight miles, and when a gap of six miles has been closed, will extend to the mouth of the Twisp, twenty-five miles further. A stage runs to Methow on the one side and to Silver on the other side of the river. The mineral belt through which discoveries extend and through which the Methow fiows, is about twenty-five miles long and at least three miles wide, extending through the foothills on each side of the river. Its char- acteristics are thus described by S. G. Dewsnap, the mining engineer: "The country rock of this belt is secondary granite, which is crossed and cut by dikes of bird's-eye porphyry, feldsite porphyry and dlorlte, whioh mostly strike northwest and dip southwest. The vein formation strikes a few degrees from east and .west and dips northerly, cross-cutting the dikes at an angle of about 30 degrees. In many cases the dikes are not broken by the veins at the surface, but are found to have been broken at some little depth below. The cropplngs of the quartz veins are mostly blind, that Is, the surface of the rock formation Is largely covered by soil underlaid bjr glacial cement, which makes prospecting rather difficult, and the bedrock is only seen at points where the dike contacts have left ridges or hogs- backs not covered by detritus. Standing on the footwall and looking down the dip of the veins, the ore Is found in well-defined chutes dipping to the left hand at an angle of 60 to 66 degrees from the plane of the vein. South of the belt proper, in Black Canyon, which runs parallel with Squaw Creek, are some veins in whioh the oxidized iron Is magnetite, not hematite. On the north side of this belt is another of soft feldsite porphyry about half a mile wide. In which a number of locations have been made on quartz veins, .i none of which have been proved by development work. Beyond this is a belt of syenite, extending north on the divide between McFarlane and Gold Creeks, in which are veins carrying a little galena, misplckel and stlbnlte, and much rlche: in silver than the ores of the south belt, some tetrahedrlte carrying much more both of silver and arsenic. The quartz in the three main veins, which form the letter N and have been traced and located for nearly six miles east and west, seems to have followed in Its formation a seam of dlorlte porphvry, which is broken and replaced by quartz, sometimes sliovlng the dlorlte to the hanging wall, sometimes to the footwall. The ore occurs In chutes following the line of breaks in this dlorlte porphyry seam. "The characteristic mineral on the surface is a wax-like compact hema- tite, filling the crevices In the quartz, probably arising from the oxidation of the different sorts of pyrites which are found at greater depth. Free metallic gold is very rarely found in the quartz, but fine colors of free gold ara generally found in the hematite Iron of the surface ore. The charac- teristics of the ore in depth, unoxidlzed. are a pyrites, compact, hard, crys- tallized, containing a little gold, a grayer, softer pyrites carrying traces of zinc and arsenic that is rich in gold; a further pyrites mineral carrying quite a little copper; traces of arsenic carrying moderate values In gold; a further sulphuret mineral resembling tetrahedrlte of complicated com- position, carrying considerable silver and gold, with a little bismuth, anti- mony, arsenic and zinc." . , ,, „ The first mineral discovery In this belt was made In 1887 by J. M. Burns on Poleplck Mountain, near Silver, and has now developed into the Red Shirt mine. The ledge was cross-cut at VO feet and shown to be five feet wide, and a shaft sunk on It for 150 feet showed five feet ten Inches of ore at the bottom. The cross-cut was extended 210 feet and cut another thirty- Inch ledge, while drifts were Vun 400 feet each way on the main ledge, showing its width to range from four to nix fpet. The ore carries Iron ana copper sulphurets and assays about $20 a ton In gold and sliver. K w"* bought In the summer of 1896 by the Red Shirt Mining Company, which er^'cted a twenty-stanip m'" a«