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For Ififortnatloti 
 Regarding the- 
 
 MINERAL RESOURCES 
 
 -or- 
 
 British Columbia 
 
 -WHITE TO- 
 
 HENRY GROIT, 
 
 Rosslaud, B. C. 
 
 ik««oc. N. Inst. G. B., 
 
 M. I. M. E., Enufand. 
 
 Fninwi rnni' EiperiK in Bisn miml 
 
 Mining Properties Managed. 
 
 Reports Made on Mines. 
 
MINING IN THB PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 1 
 
 mmi Fi Ci INNESp 
 
 Mining Broker, 
 
 Vancouver, B. C. 
 
 All 4eaorlptlon« o< MIbIbk VrwpweHmm nesottated for. 
 lhpe«i«I mttentlon viTca to SloewB «ad Trail Creek divtrlotab 
 rmll Hat of ataadard stoeka at lofreat qaotatlona. 
 
 Correspondence Solicited. 
 
 C7ai>D€l— A, B, O, 0, 4tk Bdltlon, Morelnff A Neal'a. 
 
 VERY 
 
 MANY 
 
 Of 'tke SAtne pros- 
 pectors and tnlners 
 who purchased their 
 outfits from us In 
 1896 are again ord- 
 ering from us this 
 spring. 
 
 This MUST prove 
 that they were well 
 satisfied. 
 
 If you want the 
 
 very best outfit that 
 
 money can buy (and that Is 
 
 the only kind you should 
 
 have) can or write to us. 
 
 COOMBieiiVY, 
 
 Wholesale and Retail Orooen, 
 104 and 106 Commercial Street, 
 Seattle, Wash. Pblfodloe 
 Box m frio* itot maU«« va 
 «;M>ueatl«a. 
 
 109562 
 
u 
 
 MININ© 
 
 IN THK PACIFIC N»nTHW»«T. 
 
 Ariiona 
 
 Gold Mining Co. 
 
 if? ^ ip 
 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 Tinw. FRANKI^URT PrenldeiH 
 
 N. W. SCANI.ON Vlce-P»e«lden< 
 
 D. M. SOLlflDAY Se«rc<«ry 
 
 FHAKTK JOIMT Tr««»iir«» 
 
 HEAD OFFICE, 
 
 601-602 Pioneer Building: 
 
 SEATTLE, WASHINGTON, 
 
 The Arliona Oold Mining Company owns the ArlBona and Washington 
 mlnlns claims, on the headwaters of the north fork of the Snoqualmie River, 
 In King County, Washington. They are only one mile from the Brooklyn 
 group on Miller River and the Apex mine on Money Creek, being on the oppo- 
 •ite Bide of the same mountain ridge and are only a mile distant from 
 Miller & Sharp's Mastodon mine. 
 
 The Arizona ledge Is forty feet wide between walls of granite and the 
 ore Is sulphides carrying gold, silver and copper. 
 
 The Washington adjoins the Arizona and has a ledge fifty fe*t wide, 
 carrying ore fer twenty feet of its width. 
 
 Timber is abundant, a fine millslte can be had on the shore of three small 
 lakes through which a stream flows, furnishing abundant water power. 
 
 A limited amount of treasury stock is -".rfered iut i<al« 
 
 W^lte (or prospectus and price of stock. 
 
UmiN* IN THI PACIFIC NORTlCW««T. 
 
 THE 
 
 Gold Mountain 
 
 Mining ConkD'y 
 
 OFFICERS, 
 
 MTM. VnAJtKVVHT Pr«al«« 
 
 «. jr. BORGFORD Vlee-Prewl4«kj^ 
 
 OBO. W. DBVBCMON Se4*retarr aa4 
 
 Head Office 601-2 Pioneer Building, 
 Seattle, Wash. 
 
 The (Sold Mountain Mlnlny Company's property ocnBtsts of «lgfit fan* 
 sized claims, namely: Grand Central, Bonanza Queen, Paymaster, Grown 
 Point. San Francisco, Red Jacket, Bald Bayle and Happy-Oo-Lucky. 
 
 All these claims are situated on Money Creek. King County, Washington, 
 within about three miles of the Great Northern Railroad and only llfty-two 
 miles by rail from a amelter. They have large bodies of Iron and copper 
 sulphide ore carrying gold, which can be made to pay dividends by a small 
 expenditure for development. Regarding Money Creek the Washington Min- 
 ing Journal says: 
 
 "This -district is In the western slopj of the Ca8ca(!(e Mountains, IB King 
 County, State of Washington, and Is easily accessible. Skykomish. on the 
 Great Northsm Railway, Is the nearest railway station. If there were no 
 other nlines In the State of Washington it could still claim distinction as a 
 mining state on the strength of Money Creek alone. The large disclosures 
 of ore in the locality exceed those of Treadwell, in Alaska. The bodies of ore 
 on the Bonansa Qufliui and Paymaster are believed to be Inexhaustible. Tho 
 Gold Mountain Mining Company is the owner of both claims, and With its 
 new and complete equipment of machinery and a force of competent workmea 
 will record a large output during the prf>Bent year.". 
 
 A limited amount of treasury atock for sale. 
 
 Write for prosjiwctus and |»rloo of stock. 
 
MINING TN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 CelvHIe 
 Reservation! 
 
 THE RUSH this spring will be to 
 the ColvlUe reservation. Shares In 
 good mlnea already develoiu'il are 
 Bure to advance as the Mineral Hflt 
 from Trail Creek, B. C, extends 
 Into the Pierre lake district, and 
 for richer properties have been 
 found in this district than have yet 
 been deiveloped near Rossland. 
 
 Investors will make money by 
 purchasing Treasury Stock of the 
 
 BQld EQQie Gold MinlOQ GO. 
 
 And syndiGQie Gold Minino Co. 
 
 At 10 cents per share. Stock fully 
 paid and non-assessable. Price will 
 be advanced by companies as work 
 progresses. Over 87 feet of tunnel 
 aWa shaft work already done, and 
 caotract for 100 feet more of tun- 
 nel about to be let. 
 
 '^or shares and particulars write 
 to the company, room B., Haller 
 block, or Wm. D. Perkins & Co., 
 m New York block, Seattle. 
 
 I 
 
 stocks 
 And Mining 
 Investments. 
 
 Cjfil<n9 and Stocks Bought audi 
 Sold. Properties Re- 
 ported On. 
 
 CoAee Used— A. B. C, 4tli fidi- 
 tl«n, MorelnK A Neail, Kl'Xvill, 
 Otonarh, Bedford M'Neal. 
 
 J. H. WISE 
 
 Mining 
 Engineer. 
 
 Reports on Mines, Engineers Devel- 
 opment, adiflce on Concentration 
 and Milling of ores. P. O. Box 667, 
 Rooms 56-57 Epier Block, Seattle. 
 Take elevator McDonald Block. 
 
 Gas and 
 Gasoline Engines. 
 
 STATIONARY AND MARINE. 
 
 GEO. SINTZ 
 
 1307 Western Avenue, 
 
 SEATTLE, WISH. 
 
 Mention this ad. 
 
 Walling & Tozier 
 
 Promoters of 
 
 MINING PROPER! lES 
 
 Rooms 2 ood i suiiiifon Bido., 
 
 SEATTLE, WASH 
 
 MlneH and Stoekn t^ouvht and 
 
 Sold. AVrlte Vn tor In 
 
 formation. 
 
 Edward L. Ensel, 
 
 MINES BOUGHI 
 AND SOLD. 
 
 Examlnatlonii and Reporte 
 Made. 
 Reference on Application. 
 
 319 Cdile SI, ■ • VANCOyVER. B. C. SEATTLE, .... WASH. 
 
DIRECTORY OP MINING COMPANIES. 
 
 Some of the Leading Companies Operating in 
 V' ashington and British Columbia. 
 
 ALKI GOLD MINING CO. (LIMITED)— Capital stouk, |76O,00O; treasury Btock. 
 
 $160,000; office, Tacoma; property, Alki, Trail Creek. Offlcera: President, 
 ames J. AnderHon; vice president, John W. Renfroe; secretary, Julius F. 
 Hale; treasurer, ITobert Q. Hudson. 
 ALPHA GOLD & CUPPER MINING CO.-Capltal stock, 11.000,000; treasury 
 stock, $250,000; offloe, room C, Bailey building, Seattle; property, Alpb~, 
 
 froup. Index district. Offlcers: President, T. A. Gamble; vice presl- 
 ent, S, R. Haddock; secretary and treasurer, J. H. Irving. 
 
 ARIZONA GOLD MINING CO.— Capital stock, 11,500,000; treasury stock. 
 1300,000; office, 601-2 Pioneer building, Seattle; property, Arizona group, 
 Buena Vista district. Offlcers: President, William Frankfurt; vice presi- 
 dent, N. W. Scanlon; secretary, D. M. Solliday; treasurer, Frank Jobst. 
 
 BALD EAGLE GOLD MINING CO.-Capital stock, 11,000,000; treasury stock. 
 $400,000; office. Room B, Haller block, Seattle; property. Bald Eagle group 
 of five claims, ColviUe Reservation. Offlcers: President, Harwood Mor- 
 gan; secretary, W. D. Wood; treasurer, W. D. Perkins. 
 
 BALLARD GOLD MINING & MILLING CO.-Capital stock, $1,000,000; treas- 
 ury stock, $200,000; office, Ballard, Wash.; property, Cle-Elum. Officers: 
 President, M. Dow; secretary, F. F. Fisher; treasurer, P. C. Sankey; 
 trustees. Mayor G. G. Startup, W. R. Calderwood, A. Grubb, S. W. Baker, 
 L. S. Hawley, H. T. Hawley, O. Johnson. 
 
 BALTIMORE & SEATTLE MINING & REDUCTION CO.— Capital stock, 
 $1,000,000; office, 312 and 313 Occidental block, Seattle, Wash.; property, nine 
 claims in Granite Mountain mining district (unorganized), Miller river, 
 King county, Washington. President, Andrew Blakistone; secretary, D. 
 N. Baxter; treasurer, Herman Chapin; Andrew Homrlcb, Andrew Blaki- 
 stone, D. N. Baxter. 
 
 BIG BEAR MINING CO.-Capital stock, $1,000,000; treasury stock, $250,000; 
 office, box 1136, Seattle; property, Big Bear group, Siiverton district. Offl- 
 cers: President, A. Kistler; vice president and general manager, Richard 
 Hussey; secretary and treasurer, E. A. Bridgman. 
 
 BIG EIGHT.GOLD MINING & MILLING CO.-Capital tHock, $2,000,000; treas- 
 ury stock, $600,000; cash in treasury, $1,250; office, 3C8-V Bemwell block. 
 Spokane, Wash; property. Big Eight group, Twisp district. Offlcers: 
 President, I. S. Kaufman; vice president, H. J. Martin; secretary, R. Aber- 
 nethy; treasurer, W. D. Scott. 
 
 BLACK HAWK MINING & CONCENTRATING CO.-Capltal stock, $1,000,000; 
 treasury stock, $400,000; office, 52 Hinckley block, Seattle, Wash; property. 
 Black Hawk, Franklin, Le Rol and Josie, Howard creek and Index district. 
 Offlcers: President, I. Hulme; secretary, L.M. Presnall; treasurer, Fred 
 Furth. 
 
 BLACK ROCK GOLD MINING CO.-Capltal stoclr, 1,000.000 shares; treasury 
 stock, 250,000 shares; office, 905 First avenue, Seattle, Wash.; property, Tht 
 Black Rock mineral clahn. Trail Creek district. Offlcers: President, w. P. 
 Boyd; vice president, O. R. Dahl; secretary, W. T. L. Rutherford; treas* 
 urer, Andrew ChiJberg; general manager, A. W. Anderson; oonsultios 
 engineer, Ernest G. Locke. 
 
 BONANZA MINING & SMELTING CO.-Capltal stock, $2,000,000; treasury 
 stock, $400,000; office, 36 Sullivan building, Seattle; property. Silver creek. 
 Officers: Presid<^nt, Peter Chicdo; secretary. Charles Lovejoy; treasurer, 
 A. Chilberg. 
 
 CASCADE L'BVELOPMENT CO.-Capital stock, $1,000,000; treasury stock, 
 $250,000; offlce, Everett, Wash. Olilcers: President, F. A. White; vice presi- 
 dent and treasurer, W. G. Swalwell; secretary, S. N. Balrd< Objects: Fur- 
 nish capital to develop mines, buy and sell mining properties. 
 
 CHELAN GOLD MINING CO.— Capital stock, $1,000,000; treasury stock. 2G0,0(M 
 shares; offlce, 110 Washington building. Seattle, Wash. ; property. Blue Jay 
 and Seattle, Chelan mining district, Okanogan county, Washington. OHl- 
 eers: President, H. F. Norton; secretary, John P. Jacobsen; treasurer, 
 Andrew (yhllberg; trustees, H. F. Norton, George F. Raymond, A. Chilberg, 
 N. B. Nelson, Thomas Bowes; superintendent, J. D. IfeDermott. 
 
MININO IN THB PACIFIC NORT H W M T. 
 
 Ftr liYestMHts li fkt 
 
 Cle-Elum minin6 Dimmer 
 
 Everett Mining Exchange 
 
 No. a lt«alty Itlofk. 
 • KVERKTT, WAHMINUTON. 
 
 Capital. $190,000. 
 
 Officers.... 
 
 r. A. White, president: W. R. 
 BtockbrldKC. vice pn-aldcnt; Ed- 
 ward Mills, secretary; A. J. VVeat- 
 land, treasurer ; F. J. Cail, asslst- 
 Mfit treasurer. 
 
 Public and private sale of mining 
 stocks. Mlnfs and Mining clulma 
 bought and bo'd. 
 
 IWoran Bros. 
 
 ANY, 
 
 Manufacture 
 A.1I Klfids 
 
 Minitig 
 Machinery. 
 
 Seattle, Wash. 
 
 GEO. D. SCOTT, 
 
 VICTORIA and 
 VANCOUVER, 
 
 British Columbia. 
 
 Nines and Fractional Interests 
 a Specialty. 
 
 Personally Inspects all properties 
 hanc^led. Correspondence solicited. 
 
 D. C. JOHNSON, 
 
 Mining 
 Investments. 
 
 Office With . . . 
 A. W. Hawks, Dorche t r B.k., 
 Mrtrttt. Watk. 
 
 Call t'pon or Write to 
 
 M. Qiniycv ^ 
 
 Mining: Broker, 
 
 221-222 WashliiKtOtt Bide 
 TACOMA. 
 
 Judson C. Hi'^bart, 
 
 ATTORNEY 
 AT LAW. 
 
 Mining Law a Specialty. 
 
 With RobiuHon & Rowell, H«l- 
 
 ler Block, 
 
 SEATTLE, WASH. 
 
 F. J. CALL, 
 
 Mining 
 Broker. 
 
 KVERETT. WASM. 
 
 THE ORIGINAL 
 
 Giant, Judson Improved 
 And Clipper 
 
 BIASTING POWDERS 
 
 Also a fnti line of flneit Fase 
 and caps. 
 
 we. B. ADAIR « S«i AlMla. 
 
MIKINO IN THB PACIFIC NORTHWMiT. 
 
 ^1 
 
 lie 
 
 CLBOPATRA MINING CO.— Capital atook, $1,000,000; offlM, 811 and US Ooel< 
 dental block, Seattle, Wash.; property, three olatma In Oranlte Mountain 
 mlnlne district (unorganized). Miller river, King county, Waahlnflrton. 
 President, J. T. Hlaktstone; aecretary, D. N. Baxter; treasurer, R. R. 
 Spencer. 
 
 COOK KITCHEN MINING CO. (Tin Mlne).-Offlce, Seattle, Wash. Offlcara: 
 President. I... Hanks; vice pre;vldent, W. H. Rooks; treasurer, W. B. Hutch- 
 inson; Mecrctiiiy, (J. I. Case. 
 
 CO-OPKRATIVK MIN'INO SYNOICATK. -Capital stock, $50,000,000; office, 114 
 Columbia street, Seattle, Wash. Officers: President, Charles B. Crane; 
 secretary, A. HohlnHon. treasurer, A. I'hllberjr; attorney, J. A. Stratton. 
 
 DKER TRAII.. MINir '().— Capital .stock. $500,000, jmr value $1 per share; 
 office, Davenport. Wa , property. Cedar Canyon district. Officers: Pren- 
 ident, A. W. Turner; » : ,aHurer. I!. O. (Jibson; secretary, E. E. Plough; 
 directors. A. W. Turnoi B. O. Gibson. E. E. Plougli, D. t.'hlld, F. T. McCul- 
 lough, C. Golden, A. lobley. 
 
 DETROIT-WlNDSr ; MIL'. & MINIVO CO.-Capltal Pt.ock. 1,000,000 sharea of 
 $1 each; treasi ' stock, IM.OOv; dhares: office. Seattle, Wash.; property, 
 Detroit, Wlndso. , Detroit >'.. 2, Windsor No. 2, and Bryan ralnei) near 
 Loomls, Wadi. Trus.'es: President, M. O. liarney; vice president, 
 John Schram; secrcfuiv A. P. Mitten; treasurer, A. M. Brookes; B. W. 
 P -mber; A. W. Er. 'e. Mark Bailey. Jr. 
 
 KCLIPSB MINING Co.— Capital stock, $1,000,000; treasury stock, $400,000; prop- 
 erty, comurlsInK iwor'y-sovcn claims In flilvorton district. Officers: Prest* 
 dent, E. C. Fergason; spTPtary, D. S. SwerdHger. 
 
 ELLIOTT CREEK GOLD MINING CO.— Capital stock, $1,200,000; treasury 
 stock, $300,000; ofiice. 52 Safe Deposi. i>'i||dlnp, Seattle. Offieerar. Prosld°nt. 
 H. W. Coffin; .secretary and treaeurer, I!. C Paige. 
 
 EMPIRE MINING CO.— Capital atock, $1,000,000; office. 501-502 Washington 
 block, Seattle, Wash.; property, near Camp McKlnney, Oaoyoos division, 
 British Clolumbla. Officers: President. G. E. Hallock; secretary, W. H, 
 Clark; treasurer, A. E. Nel.son. 
 
 BUREKA MINING CO.-Capltal stock, $100,000; office, Anacortes, Wash.; 
 property. Eureka Rroup, Shi to Creek dlptrlct. Officers: President, Mel- 
 ville Curtis; aecretary, E. S. Dodge. 
 
 EUREKA MINING & MILLING CO.-Capltal stock, $1,000,000; treasury 
 stock, $448."C0; office, Everett. Wash.; property, Eureka and Eureka 
 Extension No. 1, Sllverton district; president, P. K. Lewie; secretary, 
 Alex. Keay; treasurer, Charles Anderson. 
 
 46 CONSOLIDATED MINING CO.— Capital stock. $2,000,000 In $10 shares, fully 
 paid and non-assessable; treasury stock, $750,000; office, Everett. Wash:; 
 property, 45 group. Sultan basin. Officers: President, W. C. Cox- vice 
 president, L. A. Dyer; secretary, Louis Henry Legg; treasurer, Schuyler 
 Duryee; general manager, W. P. Brown. 
 
 GOLD BELT MINING CO.— Capital stock, $1,000,000; treasury stock, $300,000; 
 office, 33-34-35 Union block, Seattle; property. Sunset, Keremeos district, 
 British Columbia. Officers: President. G. W. Yancy; secretary, A. B. Ball; 
 treasurer. A. D. Eshelman; attorney, John P. Miller. 
 
 GOLD HILL MINING & MILLING CO.-Capltal stock, $1,500,000; treasury 
 stock, $600,000; office. Buckley. Waah. ; property. King, Cascade, Axe and G. 
 A. R., Summit district. Officers: President. Bdw. C. Keith; secretary, 
 Seymour H. Bell; treasurer, Gwin Hicks; vice president. J. B. Current. 
 
 GOLD MOUNTAIN MINING CO.-Capltal stock, $1,000,000; treasury stock, 
 $200,000; office, 601-2 Pioneer building. Seattle; property. Gold Mountain 
 group. Money Creek district. Officers: President, William Frankfurt; 
 vice president, G. J. Borgford; secretary and treasurer, G. W. Devecmon; 
 superintendent. J. T. Pomercy. 
 
 GOLD T'TNNEL MINING CO.— Capital stock. $1,000,000; treasury stock, $300.- 
 
 000; ofi e, Seattle Ice Co., Seattle; property. Money creok. Officers: Presl- 
 
 > dent, Geo. W. Devecmon; secretary, G. C. Mitchell; treasurer, R. C. Connor. 
 
 GREAT WESTERN MINING & REDUCTION CO.— Capital stock. $1,000,000; 
 treasury stock, $ir'.>.000; office, Ballara, Wash.; property, StiUaguamiBh. 
 Portuna. Sixteen to One, Mountain View and Ballard. Officers: Presi- 
 dent, H. B. Pederson; secretary, William M. Curtlss; treasurer, Iiewls 
 Anderson. 
 
 HIDDEN TREASURE GOLD MINING & MILLING CO.— Capital stock. 
 $1,000,000; treasury stock, $300,000, non-assdssable; office, 114 vesler way, 
 Seattle; property, Hidd n Treasure mine. Squaw Creek district. Washing- 
 top. Officers: Prealdunt, James West; secretary, Joseph W. Gregory; 
 treasurer, H. R. Baylls. 
 
 HIGHLANDER QOLD & SILVER MINING CO.-Capltal stock, $1,000,000; 
 treasury stock, $300,000; office. 412 Balloy block, Seattle; property. High- 
 lander group. Miller river. Officers: President. D. B. Durie; secretary, 
 George Low; treasurer, W. W. Easter. 
 
 IDAHO & WOLVERINE MINING CO.— Capital stock, $1,000,000: treasury 
 stO' k. $250,000; office. RIalto building; property. Idaho and wolverin*. 
 Chuian district. Officers: President, George F. Raymond; secretary, T. 
 Bowes. 
 
 IRON IfOTTNTATN CONSOLIDATED GOLD A COPPER MININW •©.- 
 
^m^ 
 
 P^Wff 
 
 vlil 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORtHWBflt. 
 
 AlMt Omliaii Boy Gold Mhiln^ C«iii|Mny, Limltod. 
 
 Big Bend, goiihhdiq Rivef. 65 Mites From 
 
 ReireisK Briiisii coiuoii)! 
 
 DAVID F. DOUGIAS, Broker, 
 
 Established 1887. 
 
 Mines and Mining Stocks. Real Estate and Insurance. 
 
 MONEY TO LOAN. 
 
 Offices— Masottlc Block, Cor. Camble and Cordova Sts., "^ 
 VANCOUVER, B. C. 
 
 Mines, Mining Stocks and Real Estattt. 
 Write for Weekly Stock List. 
 
 Now is "the time" for solid, safe investmenta in VANOOUVBR, BRIT- 
 ISH COLUMBIA, THE 10-YEAR-O DD WONDER OP THE PACIFIC 
 COAST. 
 
 Quotations on all mining stock 3, 
 A, B. C. and Ciough Code. 
 
 DAVID F. DOUOrLAS. 
 Masonic Block, Corner Camble St«., Vancouver, B. C. 
 
 DIER, DAVIDSOIN & RUSSELL 
 Mining Brokers, 
 
 Head Office, Victoria, B. C. 
 
 Branch Office, Hamilton, Ontario. 
 
 Mines at Falrvlew, B. C, For Sale. 
 
 To^n lots In Falrvlew. B. C, now on the market. If you want to m&k. 
 money quickly Invest In Mines or Town lots at Falrvlew, the coming ^amp m 
 British Columbia. " *^ ^ 
 
 Ctftit Address "ftUONiiJU" Im^ a Nny*, dl^ 
 
lll>IlNO IK tHB PACIFIC NORtHWHUW, 
 
 mZ 
 
 Capital stock, 11,000,000; treasury atock, $260,000; office, 62 Hlnoklejr bloek. 
 Seattle, Wash. ; property, Nest Egg:, Iron Cap, Duke, River Side, Ray-Bell»- 
 Clyde and War Eagle, Howard Creek and Index district. Offlcera: Presi- 
 dent, W. H, Moore; secretary, L. M. Presnall; treasurer, J. R. Griffith. 
 
 KASLO MONTEZUMA MINING & MILLING CO.-Capltal stock, $1,250,000; 
 treasury stock, $30O,0CO; office, SeatLle, Washington; branch office, Kaslo, 
 B. C; property, Montezuma, Mexico, Vera Cruz, Buena Vista, Slocan 
 mining district. President, C. L. Webb; secretary and treasurer, Maurice 
 McMlcken; trustees, C. L. Webb, E. C. Hughes, John B. Allen, Maurice 
 McMlcken, L. L. Patrick. 
 
 LIVINGSTONE-ANDREWS MINING CO.-Capital stock, $1,000,000; treasury 
 stock. $250,000; office, Seattle, Wash.; property. Our Sisters and Pohakaole, 
 SUverton (Stillaguamish) district. Officers: President, C. Livingstone; 
 secretary and treasurer, W. R. Andrews. 
 
 LOG CABIN GOLD MINING CO.— Capital atock, $1,000,000. $1 shares; office, 601 
 Pioneer building, Seattle; property. Money Creek district. Officers: Presi- 
 dent and treasurer, Julius Wegert; vice president, Oswald Meyer; secre- 
 tary, D. M. Solllday; trustees, George V. Gau, M, W. Scanlon. Julius 
 Wegert and Oswald Meyer. 
 
 MARIETTA MINING CO.— Capital stock, $1,000,000; treasury stock, $250,000; 
 office, Everett, Wash.; property. Palmer mountain, Okanogan county. 
 Officers: President, P, A. White; vice president, J. S. Mcllhany; secretary, 
 B. P. Gardiner; treasurer, W. G. Swalwell; general manager, Charles Hove. 
 
 MAYFLOWER NUMP?3R FOUR GOLD MINING CO.-Capital stock, $1,000,- 
 000; office, Seattle, Wash.; property. Murphy creek, British Columbia. Offi- 
 cers: President, J. M. E. Atkinson; secretary and treasurer, F. A. Bell. 
 
 MILLBR RIVER MINING CO.-Capital, $1,000,000; treasury stock, $300,000; 
 office, 628 Pioneer building. Officers: President, George Fowler; secretary 
 and treasurer, C. A. McKenzie. 
 
 MONTEREY GOLD MINING & MILLING CO.— Capital stock, $1,000,000; office, 
 602 Pioneer block, Seattle; property, Georgle Smith group, Leavenworth 
 district. Officers: President, Samuel Gibson; vice president. Homer W. 
 Olts; secretary, D. M. Solllday; treasure, George L. Hay. 
 
 NEW YORK & BALTIMORE MINING CO.— Capital stock. $1,000,000, 200,000 
 shares: treasury stock, 80,000 shares; office, 515 New York block, Seattle; 
 property, ten claims on Miller river and Money creek. Officers: President, 
 F. D. Van Wagenen; secretary and treasurer, Frank P. Lewis. 
 
 OLD GLORY MINING CO.— Capital stock, $1,000,000; treasury stock, 333,333 
 shares; office, Seattle, Wash.; property, Slocan district, British Columbia, 
 2% miles from Slocan City. Officers: President, J. F. McNaught; secretary, 
 Francis A. Bell. 
 
 PERRY CREEK MINING CO.— Capital stock, $1,000,000; treasury stock, $250,- 
 000; office, 119 Washington building, Seattle, Wash.; property, Eurelui, 
 Cosmopolitan, Maybar, Orient, Copper Queen. Copper King, Eventide, 
 Olympian, Ajax, Fanny D., Wooley, Rocky, Skookum, Skookum No. 2 and 
 the J. A. Dorman, Stillaguamish district. Officers: President, Angus W. 
 Young; secretary and treasurer, George T. Relchenbach. 
 
 PICKWICK MINING & DEVELOPMENT CO.— Capital stock, $10,000; office, 
 Rialto building, Seattle; property, Pickwick group, Leavenworth district. 
 Officers: President, N. B. Nelson; secretary, Thomas Bowes; treasurer, 
 Andrew Chiiberg. 
 
 PORTLAND & NORTHWESTERN EXri^ORATION & MINING CO.-Capl- 
 tal stock, $250,000; office, 32, 33 and 34 Washington block, Portland, Or.; prop- 
 erty, St. Helen's district. Officers: President, P. Abraham; secretary, 
 Alexander Bv^ruE "^n. 
 
 QUADRA MINING CO.— Capital stock, $1,000,000; treasury stock. $400,000; office. 
 Safe Deposit building, Seattle, Wash.; property. Lane, .Deadwood No. 1. 
 Deadvt'ood and Western claims. Flat creek, Northport district. Officers: 
 President, W. Strohl'; secretary, J. G. Blake; treasurer, J. G. Cotton. 
 
 RIVBRiJIDE GOLD MINING CO.-Capital stock, $1,000,000 treasury fatock. 
 $260,000; office, 715 New York block, Seattle, Wash.; property, DayvUle, 
 Riverside, East End claim."*. Squaw Creek mining: district. Officers: 
 President, J. G. Cotton; secretary, Stewart E. smith. 
 
 ROSSLAND UNITED GOLD MINING CO.-Capltal stock, $1,000,000; treasurer 
 stock, $300,000; office, Seattle. Officers: President. T. J. Humes; secretary, 
 Alpheus Byers; treasurer, R. V. Ankeny. 
 
 ST. KBVERNB MINING CO.-Capltal stock, $1,000,000; treasury stock, $200,000; 
 office. Spokane Hotel, Spokane, Wash.; property, St. Keverne group, Payne 
 mountain, Slocan district, British Columbia. Officers: President, J. D. 
 Farrell; secretary, Sid. Norman; treasurer, Sid Norman; trustees, W. S. 
 Korman, C. G. Reeder and Ben Norman. 
 
 SEARCHLIGHT MINING CO.— Capital stock, $1,000,000; treasury stock, $400.- 
 000; office, 5 Colonial block. Seattle, Wash.; property. Searchlight No. 1. 
 Searchlight No. 2, Elgin and Trilby claims. Flat creek, Northport district. 
 Officers: President, J. Q. Cotton; secretary. George W. Bacon; tjreasurer, 
 r. M. j'ordan. 
 
 SILVER CREEK GOLD MINING CO.— Capital stocic. $1,000,000, |1 shares; 
 trMMary stock, $300,000; office. Everet^. Wash.; p.'oportir. Silver CrMk dla- 
 
S. UUttVa IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWBST. 
 
 Shortest, Quickest, Cheapest 
 
 -«OUTE TO- 
 
 Lake Chelan, Methowp All Okan- 
 ogan and Colvllle Reser- 
 vation Points. 
 
 Only direct route to Chelan, Ives, The Twlsp, Gold Creek, Sqiiaw Creek, 
 flllver, Slate Creek, Ruby, Conconully, Loomis, Golden, Oro, Cfiunp McKln- 
 ney, Rock Creek, Boundary Creek, and all Colvllle Reservation points. 
 
 TAKE STEAMER 
 
 CITY OF ELLENSBURG 
 
 AT WENATCHEE. 
 
 For further Information, any agent G. N. Ry., or write Alex Grlsga, MgT.. 
 Wenatchee Wash. 
 
 The Center of the Stillaguaitiish 
 Mining District. 
 
 Dlstrlbtttlne Point for the SILVER GULCH, DEER CREEK 
 •ttd MARTIN CREEK MINES. 
 
 Special inducements to parties seeking business locations 
 I* tlie ORIGINAL TOWNSITE OP SILVERTON. 
 
 Title perfect— U. S. Patent. 
 
 SIL. 
 SL 
 
 3YI 
 
 W. R. WHITTON, PARKER McKENZlE, 
 
 SILVERTON. 
 
 WASHINQTM 
 
 tKSSSmS'' 
 
itntnta in ths PxctPtc tJoKVHwatn:. 
 
 tiiot. Snohotnlata county. President. A. J Westland; secretarjr* O. C. 
 Johnson; treasurer, J. N. Scott. 
 
 SILVBR LAKE MINING & SMELTING CO.-Capltal stock. H.OOO.OOO; treas- 
 ury stock, 230,000 shares; offlce, Seattle, Wash.; property, Monte Cristo and 
 Silver creek. President, Sol G. Simpson ; secretary, Francis A. Bell. 
 
 SLOGAN-RECIPROCITY MINING CO.— Capital stock, J1,000,000; treasury 
 stock, $200,000; offlce, Spokane Hotel, Spokane, Wash.; property. Reciproc- 
 ity and Lillian on Payne mountain, Sloean district, British Columbia. 
 President, J. D. Farrell; secretary and treasurer, Sid Norman; trustees, 
 J. H. Thompson, W. S. Norman and J. A. Whlttler. 
 
 STANDARD GOLD MINING & MILLING CO.-Capltal stock, $1,000,000; treas- 
 ury stock, $300,000; no personal stock Issued; offlce, 114 Yesler way, Seattle: 
 property. Standard and Louisa, Methow district. President, Douglas 
 ¥oung; secretary, M. D. Clark; treasurer, C. N. Hutchinson, Gen Mang, 
 James West. 
 
 SYNDICATE GOLD MINING CO.— Capital stock. $1,000,000; treasury stock, 
 $400,000; offlce, room B, Haller block, Seattle; property, Syndicate group of 
 hve claims, ColvlUe Reservation. President, Harwood Morgan; secretary, 
 W. D. Wood; treasurer, W. D. Perkins. 
 
 T. & K. MINING CO.— Capitalization, 1,000,000 shares; treasury fund, 250,000 
 shares; offlce, Everett; property, StlUaguamlsh district, Snohomish county. 
 President, H. L. Keyte; secretary, Jas. A. McLaren; treasurer, J. W. 
 Balhly. 
 
 THE CLERMONT GOLD MINING & MILLING CO.— Capital stock, $1,000,000; 
 treasury stock, $200,000 offlce, Sea^'le, Washington property, Cle-eium 
 mining district, Kittitas county, \\ ihington. President, O. O. Hamre; 
 secretary, D. M. Solllday; vice presluent and treasurer, C. F. Kams. 
 
 THE COLVILLE GOLD MINING CO.- Capital s^-vik, $1,000,000; treasury 
 stock, $400,000; offlce, Olympia, Wash. President, T. N. Allen; secretary 
 
 THE GOLD BAR MINING CO.— Capital stock, $1,000,000; treasury stock, $300.- 
 000; office, rooms 23 to 26 Haller building, Seattle; property, Gold Bar, Little 
 Diamond, Homeward Bound, Silver Creek district, Snohomish county, 
 Washington. President, Franklin Bedford, Chicago; secretary, J. W. 
 Crawford, Minneapolis; vice president, J. O. Robinson, Seattle; trustees, 
 Judson C. Hubbard, William E. Smith. 
 
 THE HAMILTON GOLD & COPPPm MINING CO.-Capital stock, 1,000,000 
 shares, pu"* value $1 per share; treasury stock, 350,000 shares; offlce, 217 
 Columbia street, Seattle; property, at Hamilton, Skagit county, Washing- 
 ton. President, W. P. Stanley; secretary,. F. H. Browning; trustees, W. P. 
 Stanley, Capt. W. Clark, F. H. Browning, John G. Hunter, C. H. Fuller, 
 B. Marshall, C. J. Hessler. 
 
 THE IRON HOPE MINING & MILLING CO.— Capital stock, $600,000; treasury 
 stock, $260,000; offlce, Seattle, Wash.; property, the Iron Hope claims. Trail 
 Creek district, British Columbia. President, Charles O. Scott; secretary, 
 W. T. Scott; treasurer, Salmon Luuridson. 
 
 THE LONDON GALENA MINING & MILLING CO.— Capital stock, 2.000,000 
 shares, par value $1; treasury stock, 750,000 shares; offlce, 217 Columbia 
 street, Seattle; property, fifteen claims in Cascade district, Skagit county, 
 Washington. President, ^apt. W. Clark; secretary, F. H. Browning; trus- 
 tees, C. D, Chambers, Capt. W. Clark, John Wlllard, C. H, Puller, W. C. 
 Keith, C. ■-". Smith. 
 
 THE MARTIN CREEK MINING CO.— Ciipital stock, $1,000,000; treasury stock, 
 $334,000; offlce, room 53, Boston block, Seattle; property, seven claims near 
 SUverton, Wash. President, William Frankfurt; secretary and treasurer. 
 H. R. Cllsc. 
 
 THE MONARCH GOLD & SILVER MINING CO.-Capltal stock, $1,000,000; 
 treasury stock, $."?00,000; offlce, 217 Columbia street; property. Monarch No. 1 
 and Monarch No. 2, Granite Mounialn mining district, Miller river. Presi- 
 dent, W. M. Wilson: secretary and treasurer, F. H. Browning; trustees, C. 
 B. Hill, B. W. Padley, V. L. Bevington, J. M. Layhue, F. H. Browning. 
 
 THE PITTSBURG MINING & OPERATIVE CO.— Capital stock, $2^,000- 
 treasury stock, $60; offlce, room 20S Pioneer building, Seattle, Wash.; prop- 
 erty, a placer claim on the Wenatchee river near Peshastln. President, 
 William Keene; secretary, W. W. RadcMffe; treasurer, E. G. Jackson - 
 trustees. William Keene, W. W. RadcUffe, E. J. Jackson and A. Q. Jackson 
 
 THE ROBINSON MINING CO.— Capital stock. $600,000; treasury stock, $100,000; 
 offloe, Seattle, Wash.; property, three claims on Cedar river, King county, 
 Washington. Presld«>tit, E. B. Robinson; secretary and treasurer. B. L 
 Drew. 
 
 THE TBNASKET GOLD MINING CO.-Capltal stock, $600,000, non-assessable, 
 $1 per share; treasury stock, $230,000; offlce, room 224 Bailey building, Seat- 
 tle, Wash.; property, Andruss, Okanogan county; Raymond, Sparling, Cur- 
 lew district, Stevens county. President, Alfred Raymond; secretary and 
 treasurer, Lawrence Spear; trustees, Alfred Raymond, I<awrence Spear 
 and William P. Watson. 
 
 TSm TSJBASURn l«NINO CO.-Capltal stock, $1,000,0M; treasury stook, $aw,- 
 006: ofllMK reoih 803 Bnrke bulldlnv, Seattle; propcrtv, Hoim 01m«, Tmm- 
 
xli 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIB*IC NORTHWMt. 
 
 Iron and Brass founders 
 and Machinists. 
 
 Mannfactnrera and DeRlerM la 
 
 Mill and Nlnln^ Machinery, 
 
 UlevaturN. 
 
 Pumps and Pumping Machinery, 
 
 Air ConipreHHurH, 
 
 Saw and Shinfile Machinery, 
 
 HuIntinK t^nKines. 
 
 Raliwiy Machinery & Supplies. 
 
 steel BenniB, 
 
 Marine and Stationery Engines, 
 
 Propeller WheelM. 
 
 Am 
 
 y/ STAMP MILIiS, 
 AL.L KINDS 
 ORB OARS, 
 
 ore: skips, 
 
 > fj PIT CAHS, 
 
 'Z.rsl Z^ ORB CRUSHMJRS, 
 
 ■ fiS ORUSKING ROia.9, 
 
 ■^ n\ OONCBNTRATORS, 
 
 ^ 1;l sijAG oarts, 
 
 v "5 tramway*, 
 
 a\ RKTORTS. 
 
 \y 
 
 
 Have full line of cold rolled steel shafting, cap and set screws, stud 
 bolts, rough and finished nuts, bolts, journal boxes, set collars, pulleys, re- 
 torts, mortars, etc., Ha%'e 14"xl4"xl4" secondhand air compressor, com- 
 plete with air receiver, complete price ^ Ji^oO.OO 
 
 Also new 500-pound five- stamp mill In stock $500.00 
 
 KINKST STOCK OF PATTKRNS IN THE NORTH'WEST. 
 Superior in Qualit)'. Prompt Shipment. 
 
 Water Front, Bet. Utiioti and University Sts. 
 
 Telephone IMk<- «(U. 1>. O. Hox No. 3:U. 
 
 TIN 
 TOI 
 
 SE4TTLE, 
 
 WASHINGTON. 
 
 Prices lowest coualntent «vlth repiituble prodaetM a»d ou*t*mt 
 rket vala*:>. 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 xill 
 
 ure Box, Silver Creflek district, Snohomish county, Washington. Presi- 
 dent, H. R. Cllse; secretary and treasurer, E. P. McAuUITe; trustees, H. R. 
 Cllse, E. F. McAuliffe, George F. Ward, E. Petronlo, F. A. Ausman, C. 
 Ludewig, G. J. Borgford, WUiam E. Smith. 
 
 TIN MINE.— 26 governnent mineral claims, setf Cook Kitchen, this directory. 
 
 TOBIQUK MINING CO.-Capilal stock, $1,000,000; treasury stock. $200,000; 
 office. Colonial blocK, Seattle, Wash.; property, Monte Crlsto district; sec- 
 retary, F. M. Jordan. 
 
 TRAIL CREEK MIDT^AND MINING CO.— Capital stock, $1,000,000; treasury 
 stock, $250,000; princi)>al office. Spokane; property, Clara group, Red Top 
 mountain, near Northiiort. I're.'^ident, George F. Orchard. Tacoma; vine 
 president and genera I innnaeer, F. J. Monroe; treasurer and trustee, W. 
 H. Murray, Seattle; seoretarj', I'. A. Morgan, Seattle. 
 
 TUESDAY GOLD MINING CO.— Capital stock. $1,000,000; treasury stock, $2r>0.- 
 000; office. Safe Depo.'^it building, Seattle. Wash.; property, Sunday. Tues- 
 day, Wednesday and Thursday claims, i:i Squaw creek, Methow district. 
 President. J. G. Hiake; .secretary, J. G. CoUon; treasurer, J. li. Powles. 
 
 TUSCAN GOLD MINING CO.— Capital stock. $1,000,000; treasury stock, $300,000; 
 office, Haller block; property in Trail ('reek district, British Columbia. 
 Presidents Frank A. Pontius; secretary, I". J. Hardy. 
 
 UNA MINING & MILLING CO.-Capltal stock, $1,200,000; treasury .stock, 
 $240,000; office. 619 Pioneer block, Seattle; property, Una group, Bryan 
 group, Santa Fe group, total of 28 claims on Red Mountain In Leavenworth 
 district. President, J. T. Ronald, ex-mayor; vice president, George W. 
 Hall, ex-mayor: secretary. Robert Llveslv. 
 
 UNION & DOMINION MINING CO.— Capdiiil stock. $500,000; treasury stock. 
 $2iiO,000; offlre, 619 Pioneer block, Seattl.-. Wash.; property. Union and 
 Dominion. Negro creek. President, M. R. Galloway; secretary, J. T. 
 Ronald; treasurer. George W. Hall. 
 
 VAN AND A COPPER & GOLD CO.— Capital stock. $5,000,000; treasury stock, 
 $3,000,000; office. 108 La Salle street, ChlcaKd, 111., 613 Bailey building, Seattle, 
 and Victoria. B. C. ; jjroperty, Texada I.^land. British Columbia, 774 acres 
 crown granted land. President, Edward Blewett; secretary, R. D. Hall; 
 treasurer, Harry W. Treat; trustees, Edward Blewett, Hon, C. E. Pooley, 
 Henry Saunders, C. S. Neras, H. W. Trent. 
 
 WHISKEY HILL MINING CO.— Capital stock, $5,000,000; treasury stock, 
 $2,000,000; office. Ellensburg, Wash.; properly, twenty claims and tunnel site 
 on Whisky HIU near the Okanogan river. Wanlcutt Lake district. Presi- 
 dent, Charles H. Flummerfelt; secretary. Martin Cameron; treasurer, H. 
 M. Baldwin; trustees, Charles H. Flummerfelt,, William Lewis and Thomas 
 Cody. « 
 
 WHITE ROCK GOLD MINING CO.— Capital stock, $2,000,000; treasury stock. 
 300.000 shares; office, 905 First avenue, Seattle, Wash.; property. The Ever- 
 ett, Crescent and Swan, one-eighth interest In Fortuna, 16 to 1, Ballard and 
 Mountain View. President, A. W. Andorson; vice president, F. Wright; 
 secretary, O. R. Dahl; treasurer, A. Grubb. 
 
 W ashington . . . . 
 
 IWlNINC B EaiSIRY. 
 
 13 very M^tilttg Company will find It valuable 
 to bo certified to by the registry. 
 
 SEE PULL PAGE ADVERTISEMENT IN THIS BOOK. 
 
 ERNEST E. IING. Umi 
 
 . 310. 311 
 
MINING IN TWK PACIFIC NORTMWBWT. 
 
 308-310 
 
 First Av. South, 
 
 Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Mauufactnrvrs 
 And Dealers Ifl 
 
 Ninini 
 And Mill 
 Machinery 
 
 North Mrester« 
 Agents for 
 
 Ingersoil Sergeant Drill Co., 
 
 Pelton Water Wheel Co., 
 
 eOlD KINCi AMALGAMAfOR. 
 
 Estimates Made on Partial or Complete Plants. 
 
 CORRESPONDENCE SOLlCniD. 
 
 Lottg Distance Telephoao Main 89* 
 
INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 Page 
 ASSAYERS AND OHEMISTS. 
 Bogardus, C. E., Seattle, Wash.... 20 
 Burkman, A. H., , Northport, 
 
 Wash 8> 
 
 Dewsnap, S. O., Methow, Wash.... 53 
 
 Johnson, A. L.., Seattle, Wash 54 
 
 Veil, C. H., Seattle, Wash 26 
 
 ATTOR.NBTS. 
 Hubbart, Judson C, Seattle, Wash. 6 
 
 Robertson, F. C., Spokane 40 
 
 acott & Ellsworth, Seattle, Wash.. S2 
 
 Wlnstock. Melvln O.. Seattle 38 
 
 BANKS. 
 
 Bank of British North America... 52 
 
 CATERERS. 
 
 Alladlo, P., Spokane, Wash 20 
 
 McKee, 'W. E., Seattle 40 
 
 CIVIL. AND MINING ENGINEERS. 
 Brown, Webster, Seattle, Wash.... 44 
 Buck & Bouillon. Rossland, B. C. 36 
 
 Croft, Henry, Rossland. B. C 
 
 Inside front cover 
 
 Gardner, Albro. Seattle, Wash 44 
 
 Wise, J. H., Seattle 4 
 
 DETECTIVES. 
 
 West & SurrA'. Seattle. Wash 26 
 
 FURRIERS. 
 
 Petkovlts, R.. Seattle. Wash 28 
 
 GOI..D-BUYERS. 
 Mayer, Joseph & Bros., Seattle. 
 
 Wash 54 
 
 MACHINHRT. 
 Chrome Steel Works, Brooklyn, 
 
 N. Y 26. 
 
 Leffel, James & Co., Sprlngifleld, 
 
 42 
 
 MItfhell. Lewis & Staver Co., Se- 
 attle. Wash 14 
 
 Moran Bros. Co.. Seattle. Wash... 6 
 Pel ton Water Wheel Co., San 
 
 Francisco 44 
 
 SIntz. George, Seattle, Wash 4 
 
 Vulcan Iron Works Co., Seattle, 
 
 Wash ,...12 
 
 MINERS' SUPPIilES. 
 Adair, Geo. B. & Son, Seattle, 
 
 Wash 6 
 
 Cooper & Levy. Seattle, Wash 1 
 
 Seattle Woolen Mill Co 44 
 
 Washlnerton Dental & Photogra- 
 phic Sunnlv Co.. Seattle 30 
 
 MINING BRAKERS. 
 
 Call. F. J.. Everett, Wash.. 6 
 
 Clarke. R. R. & Co., Spokane, 
 
 Wash 40 
 
 Dier. Davidson A Russell, Vic- 
 toria, B. C 8 
 
 Douglas, David F., Vancouver, 
 
 B. C « 
 
 Dougla.s. C. S.. Vancouver, B. C... 28 
 Rnsel. Edward L. Spattle, Waah.. 4 
 
 T^^verett Mining Exchango 6 
 
 Hflvden, Wiley & Co., Seattle, 
 
 Wash 48 
 
 Tnnes. F. C. Vancouver, B. C 1 
 
 .Tohnson, D. C, Everett. Wash 6 
 
 Jones. Allayne A,, Vancouver, 
 
 ■pQ _ _ gg 
 
 Mc^onlhe. l! ' F. . Roslyn! Wa ah . . . 3? 
 
 Norman, S. & Co., Spokane, i 
 
 Wash Baok of title pace 
 
 mice 
 
 Pnpet Mining & Brokerage Co., 
 
 Seattle, Wash 82 
 
 Rand Bros., Vancouver, B. C 16 
 
 Rand & Wallbrldge, Sandon, B. C. 16 
 RecUlln-Jaokson Company, Limit- 
 ed, Rossland, B. C 24 
 
 Scott, George D.. • Victoria and 
 
 Vancouver, B. C 6 
 
 Sidney, M., Tacoma, Wash 6 
 
 Sparkman, J. M.. Seattle, Wash... 82 
 Taggart, F. S.. Vancouver, B. C... 4 
 Thompson, W. T.. Midway, B. C. 26 
 Walling & Tozier, Seattle, Wash.. 4 
 Walters Co., Ltd. Ly., Rossland, 
 
 B. C 19 
 
 MLNfTNG COMPANIES. 
 Arizona Gold Mining Co., Seattle. 2 
 Bald Fagle Gold Mining Co., Seat- 
 tle, Wash 4 
 
 Canadian Gold Fields Siyiidicate, 
 
 Ltd., Rossland. B, C 18 
 
 Cascade Development Co., Ever- 
 ett, Wa.'ih 40 
 
 Co-operative Mining Syndicate, 
 
 Seattle, Wash 17-and 18 
 
 45 Consolidated Mining Co., Ever- 
 ett, W^ash M 
 
 Gold' Mountain Mining Co., Seat- 
 tle. Wash S 
 
 M.Trletta Mining Co., Everett, 
 
 Wash 40 
 
 Syndicate Gold Mining Co., Seat- 
 tle, Wash 4 
 
 Van Anda Copper & Gold Co., 
 
 Chicago. Seattle and Victoria 40 
 
 Wa.shinpton Mining Registry. Se- 
 attle. Wash IS and 4C 
 
 NEWSPAPERS AND MINING 
 PUBLICATIONS. 
 Engineering & Mining Journal, 
 
 New* York M 
 
 Fllley & Ogden's Mining Laws, 
 
 Grand Forks, B. C BO 
 
 Mining, Spokane, Wash 48 
 
 M'ninp & Scientific Press, San 
 
 Francisco 80 
 
 Post-IntelHgencer, Seattle. Wash. 
 
 TnsldQ back cover 
 
 Seattle Mining Herald, Seattle, ■ 
 
 Wash 42 
 
 Shaw-<Borden Co.. Spokane. Wash. 49 
 Washington MlnVng Journal, Seat- 
 tle. Wash 40 
 
 REAL ESTATE. 
 Gaston * Johnson. Rossland, B. 
 
 C, and Seattle, Wash 
 
 Outside back cover 
 
 Livermore. C. B., Wenatchee, 
 
 Wash » 
 
 Thompson. Ross, Roesland. B. C... Bl 
 Whitton, W. R.. * Parker Mc- 
 
 Kenzie. Rllverton. Wash 10 
 
 STENOGP \PHEIIS. 
 Sands. Annie M., Seattle. Wash... 40 
 Wilson ft WatVins, Seattle. Wash. 26 
 
 TRA.NS.POPT A TTON T.;IN:QS. 
 Central Washington Railroad, 
 
 Spokane. Wash 80 
 
 ■Citv Off Ellen^burg. steamer 10 
 
 Everett & Monte Cristo iRollway.. 63 
 Northern PadHo Railwar W 
 
wmmm^m 
 
 ■H 
 
 snm 
 
 ,: 
 
 I'l i 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFH' NORTH WKST. 
 
 zv 
 
 C. D. RAND, 
 D.S.lVAl.I.HRIDt 
 
 I O. D. RAND, , -, _ M 
 
 iEJ ^"*«"' ■• *'• K. B. RAND, ^ Vanco«T.r. ■. O. 
 
 The Rich Slocan 
 
 Fifty-tive mines have shipped ore from the 
 Slocan since Dec. 1, 1896, and the value from 
 customs returns is our stronj^est argument. 
 
 We deal in Mines, Mining Claims and all 
 Legitimate Stocks. 
 
 We Guarantee to Sell Stocks at the Same Rates as 
 Though Purchasers Were on the Ground. 
 
 Sandon is the commercial center for the 
 Slocan, and the banks of British North America 
 and British Columbia are established there. 
 
 Send your orders to us and your money to 
 the banks, to be paid over by them in exchange 
 for stocks or bills of sale of mining properties. 
 
 Dividend paying stocks a specialty. 
 
 Properties in all parts of the province 
 bought and sold on commission. 
 
 Ask any prominent business man or any of 
 the chartered banks about us. 
 
 Miiii[iijiiie[i[s,siiiiiij.ii. 
 
XT 
 
 r«r, B. C. 
 
 n 
 
 m the 
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 lid all 
 
 ates as 
 
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 nerica 
 
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WASI 
 
 AND THE 5( 
 
 BRITISH 
 
 MINING DISTRIC 
 
 Prepared Fr( 
 an 
 
 WEB! 
 
 caviL A^ 
 
 SEATTLl 
 
 ^ 
 
 CLALLAM 
 
w 
 
 W' 
 
 WASHINGTON 
 
 AND THE SOUTHERN PORTiON OF 
 
 RITISH COLUMBIA. 
 
 w 
 
 I SHOWING 
 
 -MINING DJSTRICTS and LINES OF TRAVEL. 
 
 Prepared From the Latest Official Data 
 and Other Sources. 
 
 BY 
 
 WEBSTER BROWN ««^4^ 
 
 OTTIL AND MININO ENCHNEEB 
 
 SEATTLE, WASHINGTON. 
 
 MARCH. 
 
 189X 
 
 ov. 
 
 uLLOomr L 
 
 ^. 
 
 
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 CLALUM 
 
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 CLALUM 
 
 M ly^- JEFFERSONii 
 
 
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 aOALM OF MILgm 
 
 mmFmmmNom 
 
 17. 8. LAHD OFFICBS 
 
 County Seats 
 
 «M»^V» HARh 
 
 WILLAPA HAffdb^ 
 
 \f^m/,^ 
 
 / 
 
 lUI 
 
 So^ 
 
 INTBRNATIONAL mOUNDAHV-^ 
 
 mrATK mOUNOAKV ._.. 
 
 COUNTY BOUNDART .... .i_.. 
 
 ItAILWAYm » ■ 
 
 WAOON ' 
 
 THAILB-' 
 
 ttAILWAYa INDIOATKD BY INITIAL* 
 
 BeUingham Bar Ac British Dolumtattt 
 
 Seattle it Internationa'' 
 
 Everett dc Monte Oristo 
 
 Northern P«x)iflo 
 
 Port Townsend Sonthen 
 
 Spokane Falls it Northern 
 
 Kelson ft Fort Shepherd 
 
 Colnmbia dc Western 
 
 Bed Mountain Railway 
 
 Colnmbia ^ Kootenay 
 
 Canadian PaoiiJc 
 
 Central Washington /iT^ 
 
 C. Disappoint mem 
 
 , \ 
 
 WAHKIAKUM 
 
 g).^^»T|£ CajtWamet 
 Astoria 
 
 Av^^ 
 
 COWtf 
 
 liMNa IN THt PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
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 J J/k$^T\A'BO TO 
 
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 fe^'^^^^^I'I ^q^^ 
 
 ; ;:-::;.»■. *M " 
 
 VSpitL^I 
 
MINING 
 
 IN THE 
 
 Pacific Northwest 
 
 A COMPLETE REVIEW OF THE MINERAL 
 
 RESOURCES OF WASHINGTON 
 
 AND BRITISH COLUMBIA 
 
 WITH MAPS 
 
 Edited by L K. Hodges 
 
 ^!^~" 
 
 THfe'P^ST- INTELLIGENCER 
 
 SEATTLE, WASHINGTON 
 li97 
 
I l^ii ^^p^ tV* *V* ^^r* ^^P* ^V* '^T' '^P' ^^r* *^* '^P' ^ 
 
 T 
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 i'f 
 
 
 4^ 
 
 Bedford McNeil and Clonvh 
 Telegraphic Addrea*, "NORMAN." 
 
 f\V 
 
 Co 
 uu 
 
 Memners Spokane and Ro»fl]aii(l 
 Stock Exchatiges. 
 
 Do a (ieueral Mining Bro^^eiaite B""Hlnes9 
 iA Slocan, Trail Creek, Oka>"~ 
 ogan and Other Stocks. 
 
 4^ Mining and Stock Brokeis. 
 
 I 
 
 f. SLOCAN-RECIPROCiTY IIIININ6 CO.. Slocan. 
 ? ST. MEVERNE NININ6 CO.. Slocan, 
 
 ARUN6110N NmiN6 CO., Stocao. 
 
 SXCliUSIVE AOKNT8. 
 
 4 
 
 ^:p'Sf*^2jf,^:!lf*^^ 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The enterprise of the Seattle Post-Intellljfencer in sending the writer on a 
 tour of the mining districts of the Paciflc Northwest called forth such general 
 commendation and the articles published in the course of that tour aroused 
 such wide interest as to suggest the advisability of republishing them in book 
 form, Such a publication was recpmmended by many readers of the Post- 
 Intelligencer, who desirad to have them In convenient form for reference. 
 The canvass for subscriptions abundantly proved that a demand for such a 
 work existed and the present volume is the result. 
 
 The purpose has been to give in a succinct form and with moderation of 
 statement a description of each mining district in "Washington and in South- 
 ern British Columt'a, following a general description of each district with a 
 description of each mine and the more important prospects in that district. 
 The original plan was to revise the articles and add to them articles on the 
 more J'.iportant districts which were not on the writer's itinerary, with a 
 map to illustrate each district. It has been found necessary to enlarge the 
 scope of the work to such an extent that the original matter has been almost 
 entirely rewritten and much more has been added than was at flrst contem- 
 plated. This has required a much longer time than was estimated, but the 
 public would rather endure such delay than be presented with a hastily pre- 
 pared and glaringly incomplete work. Kven now It has been found impossible 
 to do full justice to some districts, without further unduly delaying pub- 
 lication. 
 
 It can safely be said that this is the first attempt to describe with any ap- 
 proach to thoro'ighnass the mineral resources of this section and to tell vn at 
 has been done to develop them. The aim has been to collate information on 
 the subject from the most reliable sources available and to mass the mateilal 
 facts without p.ny exaggeration or verbal flourishes, leaving them generally 
 to tell their own story. How far this aim has been attained, it is for the 
 reader to Judge. The articles on the Trail Creek, Slocan, Nelson and Ains- 
 worth Distrfcts are mainly coni?ensed from the recent reports of W. A. 
 Carlyle, Provincial Mineralogist of British Columbia. 
 
 An Important ieature of the work is the maps. By studying the large 
 map in connection with the small district maps, It will be possible to ascertain 
 the rout© lr.to any district and the location of a mining property In that 
 district. The maps do not profess to show aJ'. the claims or to be free from 
 inaccuracies. It would have been impossible to make them so without a 
 survey and a larger expenditure than was warranted. But it can be said 
 without fear of contradiction that this volume contams a more complete set 
 of detailed maps than has yet been published and that the large map contains 
 a mass of valuable information which has naver yet reached the public. 
 
 Some desire has been exprtjsscd that this volume should include the 
 descriptions of the country traversed by the writer in the course of his tour, 
 which formed a part of the articles in < he Post-lntelllgencer. This was con- 
 sidered beyond the scope of a work designed to deal with mining exclusively 
 and would have unduly increased the bulk of the oook. All such matter has 
 therefore been osiltted and these pages have been devoted only to the purpose 
 Indicated by the title. 
 
 For valuable a!d In preparing both the reading matter and the maps, the 
 publishers are Indebted to the officers of the s'ate of Washington and the 
 Provlnoe of British Columbia, to lh«i United States Surveyor Oeneral, and to 
 many private indtvlduats. Tht.no latter are so numerous ajid have all taken 
 •o d«dp an (ntenat in the undertaking, that It would b« tmpraotloable t* nam* 
 
4 MINING IN THB PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 them all and to single out a few would be Invidious. The publishers therefore 
 take this means of thanking them, one and all. 
 
 We believe that this work will be instrumental in giving the people of 
 the Pacific Northwest a fuller knowledge of the mineral wealth with which 
 nature has blessed them; and will spread such knowledge lar and wide. We 
 hope that It will also aid in some degree In promoting the development of that 
 wealtli. THE BDITOR. 
 
 JAAIES D. HOGE. JR., 
 
 L. K. HODGES, 
 
 Publishers and Proprietors. 
 
 ♦♦♦#♦•♦#♦■♦•♦•♦•♦»» 
 
»ra therefore 
 
 ^ 
 
 le people of 
 with which 
 wide. We 
 
 ment of that 
 
 EBDITOR. 
 
 INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 ''^'ij?. ■ ^^^'' 
 
 A map of the western portion of tWe United States, deslgrned to show the 
 mineral belt, would twenty years ago have shown "Washington and the adjoin- 
 ing section of British Columbia as a blank. There might have been a few 
 spots, such as the Swauk. Ruby and Sultan placers and the Peshastln mines 
 In Washington, the Cariboo, Rock Creek and Wild Horse placers In British 
 Columbia, but otherwise this whole broad stretch of country would have been 
 regarded as barren, so far as mineral was concerned. During those twenty 
 years the people of the Pacific Northwest have been occupied In filling in that 
 blank. They have not worked continuously, for many circumstances have 
 until late years diverted their attention, but for eight years past they have 
 gradually centered their energies more and more on mining, until now It is 
 their one absorbing interest, to which every other takes a subordinate place. 
 They have proved what has been repeatedly dented, that the mineral belt 
 extends through the whole breadth of Washington and British Columbia, and 
 discovery has been continually pushed northward through Alaska to the 
 confines of the frozen ocean. It is now an established fact, which the most 
 pessimistic skeptic cannot gainsay, that the backbone of the American con- 
 tinent, from the Arctic Ocean to Tlerra del Fuego, with all its ribs and spurs, 
 has miner^ for its marrow. This mineral is of every kind, precious a/id base, 
 and In every combination, and it only awaits the application of mans genius 
 and industry to be turned to his uses. 
 
 A geological survey of this reglsn as a whole has never been made, at least 
 so far as Washington is concerned, British Columbia being far in advance in 
 this particular. Thus, what is known on the subject In Washington has been 
 learned by a number of individuals, each of whom has studied a particular 
 Bcction as opportuaity offered. These sources of information have established 
 that the Cascade Range Is mainly built of granite, syenite, diorlte and kindred 
 rocks. Among them occur broad belts of gneiss, schist, elate, shale and 
 sandstone and dikes of porphyry and limestone. The same formation extends 
 eastward through the Gold Range and to the western foothills of the Rocky 
 Mountains in the eastern part of Washington and the Selkirk Range in the 
 Kootenai District of British Columbia. The mineral ledges occur, In most 
 Instances, In fissures in the granite, syenite, diorlte and slate, often cutting 
 through several of these locks, but are also in cont-ct tatween two of them, 
 or between one of the granitic rocks and a dike of porphyry or limestone. 
 Towards the eanl. in the Gold Range, there are numerous areas in which the 
 eruptive rocks have burst through the older formation and in the latter have 
 caused fissures, which have either been filled in with mineral-bearing rock or 
 have been Impregnated with mineral along the walls of the cavities thus 
 created. The presence of one of these ledges Is generally indicated by a heavy 
 capping of oxidized iron, or magnetic iron, cften of great width and thickness. 
 , The ores of this section are almost universally base and of low grade. 
 The exceptions are the silver-lead belt exten^ng from the Slocan District 
 through a strip of Washington eaot of the Columbia River as far south aa the 
 Spokane River, known as the Colvllle and Cedar Canyon -Distrlots; some 
 ledges on Palmer Mountain which carry high-grade silver ore; the Slate 
 Crcok District, where high-grade free milling gold ore has been followed to 
 some depth. Recent development, however, has shown high-grade silver ores 
 in the ailvi;rton, Sultan, Troubleaome, Miller River and Gold Creek Districts, 
 the values h«ro being In ruby silver, high grade gray copper and brittle ■llvar. 
 and the CatcadM promise yet to giv« birth to ■•▼Aral hlgh-grada oampa. 
 Th*r« ar« other i»ol«t«4 ln»tan«Mt wh«r* tb» otm art rl«h «Dettffb to b* 
 
BSff 
 
 i% 
 
 MININa IN THB PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 classed as high-grade, and the cutting of ore chutes at depth In some oasM 
 has been followed by such satisfactory Increase In value aa to Justify the 
 hope that, as development proceeds deeper, hdgher grade ores will be found. 
 
 The minerals are In every combination, the most common being iron and 
 copper pyrites, arseno-pyrlte, chalcopyrlte, pyrrhotlte, galena, tetrahedrite or 
 gray copper, zinc blende. The pyrltlc ores carry gold In some proportion 
 almost (ny'arlably, with a few ounces of silver, and often carry so much 
 copper I t^ rnake that metal the principal element of value. The galena is 
 usually r. j. .ver where the ledges are small, the silver value decreasing 
 
 in inverse cv j the increased size of the ledge, and the lead value ranges 
 as high as 76 , .r cent., while such ore also carries a few dollars per ton In 
 gold. Gray copper is a high-grade silver ore, and when associated with Iron 
 carries a good gold value, and shows pockets of ruby silver and brittle silver 
 of high value. Silver also occurs in association with copper in some districts, 
 notably about Nelson, British Columbia, and in the form of chlorides, bro- 
 mides and carbonates. It is also found in equal value with gold In dry ores, 
 southward from the Slocan galena belt. Free gold is often found on the 
 surface, where the ore has been ^abject to the decomposing influence of the 
 air, and continues in decreasing ratio as the ore bodies are *'>Uowed down, 
 but with increasing depth the gold is found more and more in iron and copper 
 sulphides. The minerals named are found in every possible combination, 
 sometimes one, at other times another predominating. 
 
 It is probable, however, that the developments of the next few years will 
 give copper as high a place among the mineral productions of Washington 
 and British Columbia as it occupies in Montana and Michigan. A study of 
 the large map, in connection with the chapters on the several districts, will 
 show the reader that a great belt of gold-bearing copper oi'es has been traced 
 from a point on the coast 200 miles northwest of Vancouver, British Columbia, 
 across the Skagit Valley between Hamilton and Marble Mount, across the 
 Stillaguamish east and west of Sllverton, through the Sultan Basin and Silver 
 Creek, through the Index Range of mountains, through the Miller River and 
 Money Creek Districts, across the Snoqualmie and Cedar River watersheds. 
 Ores of like nature have also been found further south! along the western 
 slope, as far as the St. Helens District. On the eastern slope like bodies of 
 gold-bearing copper ore have been found in Palmer Mountain, the Methow, 
 Chelan and Cle-Elum Districts. Further east. In the Gold Range, they occur 
 of immense size in the Boundary and Trail Creek Districts of British Columbia 
 and in the Colville Reservation, particularly along the Kettle River and Us 
 tributaries. The ores of this belt are copper sulphides In various forms, in 
 which the copper contents rarely fall below 5 per cent, and are commonly over 
 20 per cent., frequently rising beyond 30 per cent. Bornlte is often found In 
 bunches, carrying 40 and 50 per cent, copper, and masses of native copper 
 weighing as much as 1,000 pounds have at times been encountered. These 
 copper ores invariably carry a good gold value and often a few ounces of 
 silver. 
 
 The ledges In this region have a gangue of quartz, porphyry, porphyritio 
 quartz, hotnblende or modifications of these several rocks, and in the Cascade 
 Mountains are exposed to ouch a width as to excite even the most phlegmatic 
 miners to wonder. Here the exposures occur along steep mountain-sides, 
 which have been plowed dovsti by the glaciers, or along gulches, of which the 
 beds are the ledges and the walls are the walls of those ledges. Nature has 
 done the surface prospecting in these cases. Further east. In the foothills 
 and in the Gold Range, where the foimation Is covered with wash, the 
 exposures are not as continuous but are often extremely large, and develop- 
 ment has been rewarded by the opening of some ore bodies so large as to tax 
 the credulity of one most willing to believe. 
 
 Mining in Washington dates back to the, returning tide of miners from 
 the Cariboo District of British Columbia in , the early W's. They wqlrked 
 placers on Rock Creek, north of the boundary, kiid, traveling southward. 
 
IMNINO IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWMIT. 
 
 TvashAd gold frofai the grarel bam of th« PMhaatln and Swaulc CfmIm tn 
 Bastttrn Waahlngion, Ruby Creek and the Sultan River wen of the Camsadei. 
 The flrHt quartz ledge to be dlacovered, so ftir a:s records go, was the Culver, 
 on the Peshastln, where the town of Blewett now irtands. This mine, after 
 many vicissitudes, is still being worked and its product Is reduced at a twenty- 
 stamp mill. Then mining languished until the early 80's, when the first dis- 
 coveries of silver ore were made In the Colvllle district and a few prosi>ectorB 
 strayed up the Cle-Elum. The only notable discoveries ' lii the Interim were 
 near the sources of the Snoqualmie, where immense cropplngs of iron ore 
 beivime known as the Denny and Quye iron mines. The Denny mines have 
 airt ady proved to be copper, and development may yet have the same result 
 on the Guye mines. 
 
 It was not until the opening of Chief Moses' Reservation In 1887 that the 
 mining business fairly began In Washington, and in the same year the flrst 
 discoveries were made in the Boundary and Trail Creek Districts of British 
 Columbia. Development began on the loW-grade silver ores of Salmon River 
 and on the gold and silver ores of Palmer Mountain. About the same time 
 prospectors Invaded the Cascade Range on all sides and during several suc- 
 ceeding years discoveries were made on the Cascade, Methow, at Monte Crlsto, 
 on Silver Creek, Miller River, Money Cfeek, the Snoqualmie, Summit and 
 other districts. A decided interest in mining had been ' awakened and it 
 appeared as though the Industry had already come to stay. 
 
 But the first flock of investors was doomed to failure, mainly through 
 their own fault. They were without experience in mining, for Washington 
 had been mainly populated by farmers, merchants, manufacturers and pro- 
 fessional men from the Eastern and Middle Western States, while British 
 Columbia had absorbed a similar population from the British Isles and 
 Bastem Canada. The working people were generally drawn from the same 
 sources. This was not a mining population, for it knew nothing of mining, 
 having always turned its mind Into other channels. There was a sprinkling 
 of old miners and prospectors from California, Colorado and other mining 
 states, but the formation was new to them. A few of them flung aside 
 precedent and boldly proclaimed the mineral wealth of the 'state and the 
 adjoining British territory. But the experts, with their heiads filled with 
 California and Colorado precedents, scoffed at them, saying that the ore was 
 too base and low grade to pay for treatment and that the formation was so 
 broken that it would be impossible to follow any ore body from the cropplngs 
 to any considerable depth. The moneyed men In the cities were absorbed In 
 real estate speculation and readily voiced the unfavorable opinions of the 
 experts, being anxious that outside Investments should gO Into their own 
 schemes and not be diverted into any alluring mining ventures. 
 
 Thus the first men to make known the mineral wealth of the Pacific 
 Northwest "caught on" In only a limited degree. They Induced some Invest- 
 ments among men of means and caused quite a flurry In the Salmon River, 
 Palmer Mountain, Cascade and Silver Creek Districts. But a combination of 
 circumstances forbade success at that time. The surface free gold In the 
 ledges on Palmer Mountain led to the belief that free gold would continue 
 indefinitely, and stamp mills were built without concentrators and managed 
 by unskilled mlllmen. Wild speculation was practiced In some Instances and 
 there were not lacking evidences of fraud in others. The result was failure. 
 As ore changed from free milling to base, a larger percentage of the value 
 was lost in the tailings. Victims of fraud loudly dennune«d the mlnee as 
 worthless and others took up the cry and repeated It far and wide. Tae fall 
 In the pi-ice of stiver caused a suspension of work In the low-grade sliver 
 mines of Salmon River, which had already suffered In the eyes of Investors 
 from two abortive attempts at reduction of the ore. Only a few persons held 
 their faith In the Pacific Northwest as a mining region and moot of them were 
 bankrupted by the panic or the collapse df their m}nlng yenttires; Only In a 
 lew plaoesvwas development continued, not;9,bly.among^whleh Is. Mont« Crlsto. 
 For a few years mining languished with every other Industry. - 
 
MINING IN THB PACIFIC NORTirVfTOPT. 
 
 Three districts Were notable exceptions. One of these was Slooan, In 
 British Columbia, where the ores, although almost purely silver-lead, wew 
 so high in grade that they could be profitably m'.ned under the most adverse 
 condition of the metal market. Another was Monte Crlsto. whither the 
 railroad was completed in 1893, the year of the panic, and where development 
 was prosecuted and machinery installed at great expense as though there had 
 Uhmi no panic. The third was Trail Creek, where the famous Le Rol and War 
 Eagle mines became regular shippers in 1895 and declared their first dividend 
 
 in that year. 
 
 The revival of mining was due mainly to the favorable results attained In 
 Slocan and Trail Creek, which drew attention to a new field of employment 
 for industry and capital. Another cause which contributed largely to this 
 revival was the general stagnation In other lines of business, which had driven 
 thousands out of business or employment and left them stranded in the cities. 
 By a common impulse many of them took to the mountains and became pros- 
 pectors. They returned to their former homes with good reports of what they 
 Imd found and obtained means to continue work. Thus a movement was 
 started which caused the renewed operation of properties long neglected, the 
 development of new ones and the extension of discoveries. The opening of 
 dividend-paying mines in the Trail Creek and Slocan Districts and the con- 
 tinued improvement shown by development at Monte Crlsto drew the attention 
 of the investing public in this direction. Large Investments were made in 
 British Columbia by capitalists from JBngland and.Bastern Canada and the 
 stream of i'vestment is now turning to Washington. • 
 
 The Pacific Northwest can offer what mining investors are particularly '' 
 seeking at present— immense bodies of low-grade ore. Forty or fifty feet is an 
 ordinary width for one of these ledges and some of them are as wide as 200 
 feet. In the Cascade Range the advantage is offered of ledges exposed 
 so clearly on the sides of steep and lofty mountains that; they can be opened 
 at great depth by tunnels running into the mountain-side. This not only 
 .saves the additional cost of sinking, but of hoisting machinery and pumps, 
 for it affords natural drainage. Throughout the whole mineral belt in ques- 
 tion, not only in the Cascades, but In the Gold Range, innumerable rapid 
 streams furnish abundant cheap power to operate mining machinery and 
 reduction plants. The presence of such water-power could have been men- 
 tioned truthfully as regards nearly every mining property described In this 
 volume, but it would have been a wearisome repetition. This general state- 
 ment suffices to cover the whole field, and some conception can be formed of 
 the greatness of the advantage by comparison with the low-grade districts of 
 West Australia and South Africa, where no water-power exists. 
 
 So also as regards timber. The valleys and foothills west of the Cascade 
 summit are abundantly clothed with fir, cedar, spruce and hemlock. In higher 
 altitudes, where mines are often opened, there is a smaller growth of larch 
 and Alaska cedar, too small for merchantable timber, bpt large enough for 
 mine timbers and buildings. On the eastern slope the same kinds of timber, 
 of great size, are to be found for some distance from the summit. When the 
 eastern foothills are reached the high ridgeg p,nd plateaus and the upper 
 benches are densely clothed with pine timber, often of good size. The same 
 conditions extend through the Gold Range in both Washington and British 
 Columbia, except that in many of the valleys and panypns there occurs a large 
 growth of cedar, hemlock and other timber, together with the pine. The 
 mining claim is a rare exception where timber for all purposes cannot be 
 found upon its surface or Immediately adjacent. 
 
 The climate of the Pacific Northwest is peculiarly agreeable for travel and 
 outdoor work In summer. West of the Cascade summit spring sets in early In 
 middle of June. The summer in that section is not extremely hot and the 
 nights are alwaysicool. No rain fails from June until late In September and 
 the equinoctial storms of that period are usually followed by several WMlu 
 of clear, warm, autumn weather. In the mountaia^ little snow falls uniu 
 
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 MONTE CRISTO 
 
 and aOAT LAKE, 
 
 SNOHOMISH COUNTY. 
 WASHINGTON. 
 
 OOAU W M^LBIn^ 
 
 J» 
 
 aOMTK CB 
 
 1. Bed Gulcit 
 8. Mosgnito 
 
 8. Ooid Dust. 
 4. King. 
 
 6. Balsam. 
 
 6. Hawtborn 
 
 7. Black R«fl 
 & Moontain 
 
 9. Fisher. 
 
 11. BannodL 
 
 12. Pavonia. 
 
 13. TwUigfat 
 
 14. Califomia 
 
 15. Orient, 
 l^ Occident 
 17. Loeknood 
 1& Pennsylvi 
 
 19. Aurora. 
 
 20. Wyoming 
 2t Jonea. 
 22. Felton. 
 23u Seattle. 
 24. Franklin. 
 
 26. Prairie. 
 26.Snnrise. 
 
 27. WastainffI 
 
 28. Emerson. 
 
 29. Sylvan. 
 
 30. Junction. 
 
 31. Seattle. 
 
 32. Condor. 
 
 33. 0. B. Mill 
 
 34. Marble. 
 
 35. Two B 8. 
 
 36. Jnanita.1 
 
 37. Keystone 
 
 38. IvastChai 
 
 39. Irene. 
 
 40. Silver Bel 
 
 41. Red Bint 
 
 42. Cascade* 
 
 43. Chinook. 
 
 44. Leroy, 
 
 45. Golden Ei 
 46« Walsh. 
 
 47. Lieatenai 
 
 48. Captaia 
 
 49. Idalio. 
 •a Magglt 
 
 i^ 
 
 ft PACIFIC HORTHWEBT. 
 
 ■^.je^^izsz /i 
 
 nMTl<tK wASurtwTOw. 
 
KE, 
 
 IfUMa TO IWMBERED CUIMS. 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 aONTK cBism 
 
 1. B«d Oalcli. 
 
 8. Mosgnito 
 
 5. Ooid Dost. 
 4. iUng. 
 
 6. Balsam. 
 
 6. Hawtborne. 
 
 7. Black B«ar. 
 
 & HoantainGoM. 
 
 9. Fisher. 
 
 11. Bannotk. 
 
 12. Pavooia. 
 
 13. TwUigbL 
 
 14. Californkk 
 
 15. Orient, 
 l^ Occident 
 17. Loeknood. 
 1& Pennsylvaaia. 
 
 19. Aurora. 
 
 20. Wyoming. 
 2t Jonea. 
 
 22. Pelton. 
 
 23. Seattle. 
 
 24. Franklin. 
 
 26. Prairie. 
 26.Snnri8e. 
 
 27. Wasbintcton. 
 
 28. Emerson. 
 
 29. Sylvan. 
 
 30. Junction. 
 
 31. Seattle. 
 
 32. Condor. 
 
 33. 0. B. urn %u 
 
 34. Marble; ^ 
 
 35. Two R 8. 
 
 36. Jnanita.1 
 
 37. Keystone Ko. t 
 
 38. I.astChanneNo.2. 
 
 39. Irene. 
 
 40. Silver Bell. 
 
 41. Red Blttf. 
 
 42. Cascade. 
 
 43. Chinook. 
 
 44. Leroy. 
 
 45. Golden Eagle 
 46« Walsh. 
 
 47. Lieotenant. 
 
 48. Captain. 
 
 49. Idalio. 
 •a Maggit 
 
 (1. Doctor. 
 
 52. Murray. 
 
 63. Dandy. 
 
 54. Monte Carla 
 
 56. Surprise. 
 
 56. Fn^ and Bob. 
 
 67. Outlet 
 
 58. Wonder. 
 
 59. Copper Princ& 
 
 60. Btud' Mountain. 
 6L Maud. 
 
 62. Milton. 
 
 63. Albion. 
 
 64. Spokane. 
 
 65. Apex. 
 
 66. Sunset 
 
 67. King. 
 
 68. Mario. 
 
 69. Last Chance 
 
 70. Nettleton. 
 
 71. 8. A. M. 
 
 72. Silver Rose. 
 
 73. Humming Bird. 
 
 74. Union. 
 
 75. Rattler. 
 
 76. Bunco. 
 
 77. Oliye May. 
 78: Florence. 
 
 79 Cosmopolitan. 
 80: Juno. 
 
 81. Arena 
 
 82. 0. ft B 
 88. P. AT. 
 
 84. Sauk Lode. 
 
 85. F. ct M. 
 
 86. 0. ft J. 
 
 87. Tobiquf 
 
 88. TallaBookk 
 
 89. Gold Blossom. 
 
 90. Sunshine. 
 
 91. Cox Placer. 
 
 92. Junction Placer 
 
 No.l. 
 
 93. Junction Placer 
 
 Ma 3. 
 
 94. Junction Placer 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 95. Blake Plaecan 
 
 96. Ingress. 
 
 97. Bgress. 
 
 98. Canie Aaderwn. 
 
 99. Mountaineer. 
 
 100. Ethel. 
 
 101. Annie Laurie. 
 
 102. Bingo. 
 
 103. F. B. Dtvu. 
 
 104. Otego. 
 
 iOGu La^ of the Lake. 
 
 106. yster. 
 
 107. Silver Tipi 
 
 108. Lake Vievr. 
 
 109. Rainbow. 
 
 110. Jennie D. 
 HI. Orphan Boy. 
 112. Old MorwMian. 
 US. Remnant Pucer. 
 
 114. T^ee. 
 
 115. Mechanic. 
 
 116. Rainy. 
 
 117. Phoenix. 
 
 119. West Seattle. 
 
 120. pin^ 
 12L Pinto. 
 122.* Mexican. 
 123. 0X9. 
 124 Waverly. 
 
 125. Rainbow. 
 
 126. June. 
 
 127. Eagle's Nest 
 12& Eyiie. 
 
 129. Artisan. 
 181. Neptune. 
 
 132. Utopian. 
 
 133. Gothic 
 
 134. Hydra. 
 185. Whistler. 
 
 136. Tuscola. 
 
 137. Eureka. 
 1S8. Puriier. 
 
 139. Phila 
 
 140. Pica. 
 
 141. Keystone. 
 
 142. Central Fracboa 
 
 143. Rantonl. 
 
 144. Merchant 
 
 145. •Inna. 
 146 Thomaft 
 
 147. Clara. 
 
 148. Baltic 
 
 149. Mystery. 
 
 150. Potomac. 
 
 151. asblngton. 
 
 152. ( idet 
 
 153. i ride- of the Wooda 
 154 { ide of the Monn- 
 
 tains. 
 156. 1 ffhty-ninei 
 156. 1 X. L 
 157. ! de Line. 
 158.1 amiigan. 
 151K I tra J. 
 160.1 \&K 
 
 161. i ax 
 
 162. ir& 
 
 163. ( ilore 
 164.! IverTip. 
 165. ! lowflake. 
 166. 1 )odle Dog. 
 
 167. irror. 
 
 168. illameda. 
 
 169. loDntain Maid. 
 
 170. irgonaat 
 
 171. fpo, 
 172. . Ipha. 
 173. ( nega. 
 174. 1 annah. 
 175. 1 Ob Boy. 
 176. 1 mma Moore 
 177. 1 Dcle 8aat 
 178. C flcier. 
 
 179. 1 opefbL 
 180. (met 
 18L N »tor. 
 182, 1 onte Crista 
 
 183. i licante 
 
 184. J merican. 
 
 185. ( oida. 
 186. ' 4. 
 187. " 5. 
 18a " 6. 
 189. 1 anger. 
 190. 1: BntineL 
 
 191. CDngrese 
 
 192. £ Buate 
 
 193. Sommit 
 
 194. Ibex Na& 
 
 195. Ibex M. h 
 196., Iron Town 
 197. Iron Dale 
 lf»8. Iron Clad. 
 199. Ironton. 
 
 mi. Iron Crown. 
 SOL' boA Knight 
 2031 boB Van. 
 209. TtUean. 
 204. Iron Age 
 206. Iron Cap. 
 
 206. Iron Qneen. 
 
 207. Iron King. 
 
 208. Iron Hat 
 
 209. Iron Mask. 
 
 210. Fourth of July. 
 
 211. Iron Prince 
 
 a, b. r, etc Mill Sites 
 
 GOAT LAKK. 
 
 1. Great Western. 
 
 2. Washingtoa 
 8. Lola Montee 
 6. Mexican, 
 
 6. Nav&ho. 
 
 7. Gloiy of the Moon- 
 
 tains./ 
 
 8. Sutter. 
 
 9. Union. 
 
 10. Nevada, 
 n. Baltimore. 
 
 12. Republican. 
 
 13. Eldorada 
 
 14. WaterfaU. 
 
 15. Black Jack. 
 
 16. Golden Star. 
 
 17. Little Giant 
 
 18. Bon-Ton. 
 
 19. WUd Goat. 
 
 20. Alama 
 
 21. San Francisco. 
 
 22. Sacramenta 
 
 23. Sunset 
 
 24. Blue Rock. 
 26.*Beaver. 
 
 26. GroiA Western. 
 
 27. Ide 
 
 iH. Three Star. 
 
 29. Cornwall Na 4 
 
 30. Cornwall. 
 
 :^1. Monticello No. 3 
 
 32. MoutleeUo Ho. 2. 
 
 33. MonticeUa 
 
 34. Teller. 
 ,i35. Penn Co. 
 
 M. Penn Co. 
 
«fewWM— •— 
 
 — «i p i mi wi>w»*»pWWii' 
 
 '^."<fliD arrv 
 
 -— '^lA.v 
 
 *^i3Vi- i-ar--'*^ 
 
 
 ■■-"'^t 
 
 lK«* V .^-'V'-' ►,'i'S^ 
 
 e^A*^ vvt: K->v^r//" 
 
 
 :::^>^ 
 
 •..■1'-' 
 
 iiMi 
 
 gl 
 
MINTNO IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 April, rainstorms grow less trequent until they cease altogether about the 
 December, but from that time forward the snowfall la heavy. The snow ha** 
 usually dlsaprM^ared from the mountains by the middle of May, except at great 
 altitudes and In deep gulches where It has piled up In slides. East of the 
 Cascades the nlr Is dry and exhilarating the year around and, though the heat 
 is sometimes Intense In summer. It does not produce that feeling of chronic 
 lassitude experienced In the moist atmosphere of the Eastern States. The 
 nights, too. are alwrys cool, permitting of sound sleep, which prepares one to 
 endure severe exertion In extreme heat. Spring sets In during April, the 
 bunchgrnss springs up as fast as the snow goes, and this rich food for horses, 
 everywhere found In the open country, makes It a prospector's paradise. 
 There are no thunderstorms or tornadoes west of the Rocky Mountains, so 
 that a man need burrow into the ground only In search of wealth. There are 
 no venomous snakes west of the Cascades, but rattlesnakes abound in some 
 places east of that range. On the other hand, small game and fish can be 
 found almost anywhere and large game Is to be had for the hunting. 
 
 While many districts are remote from railroads, preparations are on foot 
 for extensions v/hlch will largely remedy this defect. The Columbia and 
 Okanogan Valleys form a natural route for the Great Northern to tap the 
 whole of Okanogan County with a branch from Wenatchee. unless the Central 
 Washington should first occupy the field wl^h an extension from Coulee City 
 by way of WatervlUe and Orondo, as It now contemplates. The Seattle & 
 International Is well situated to occupy the Snoqualmle and Cedar River 
 Districts with branches whenever developments hold out prospect of remu- 
 nerative traffic, and it can also tap the White Horse District by a branch 
 along the north fork of the Stlllaguamlsh. The Seattle & Northern already 
 has the traffic of the Skagit copper belt secured and can be extended up the 
 Skagit and Cascade Rivers at moderate cost. The Great worthern can draw 
 the traffic of the Sliver Creek and Index Districts by building a branch up the 
 Skykomlsh north fork. The fast developing wealth of the Colvllle Reservation 
 has already Induced the Spokane Falls & Northern to survey a line up the 
 Kettle River, which may be partly In United States and partly In British 
 territory. The advantage of having Its main line run through the heart of 
 the rich Kootenai District, added to the manifold advantages of having a 
 more direct southern route through the Rocky Mountains and of developing 
 the rich coal fields on that route, has Induced the .Canadian Pacific to prepare 
 for the construction of a line through the Crow's Nest Pass this season. A 
 line Is now under construction from Slocan City, at the foot of Slocan Lake, 
 to Slocan Crossing on the Kootenai River, where It will connect with the 
 Columbia & Kootenai branch of the Canadian Pacific. This will form a link 
 In the connection between the old and new rr ,. Ine. F. August Heinze Is 
 now extending the Columbia & Western up V '• umbla River from Trail to 
 Robson and has raised funds for a further extension through the Boundary 
 Creek District to Pentlcton, connecting with the Canadian Pacific steamer 
 on Okanogan Lake. 
 
 The first requisite for the development of a mining district Is a wagon road. 
 The first prospectors blaze a trail and the next flight of newcomers aids them 
 to cut it out and make It plain and passable. This ds as much as they should 
 be expected to ^o at their own expense. The county should follow up their 
 work by cutting a good horse trail Into any new district which gives promise 
 of development, and when that development has assumed Important dimen- 
 sions find holds forth an early prospect of regular production the trail should 
 be transformed Into a wagon road. In this manner lines of travel and trans- 
 portation would be continually Improved to keep pace with the progress of 
 development. 
 
 The Province of Brliish Columbia has set a good example In this respect, 
 which Washington Is only now beginning *^o imitate. It has built a main 
 trunk road from Pentlcton through Camp McKlnney, Midway, Greenwood, 
 Anaconda and Carson to Grand Forks, a distance of 110 miles, connecting at 
 the latter point with the Kettle River roads to Marcus and Bossburg. on the 
 Spokane Falls & Northern Railroad. It has also built roads In the Kootenai 
 country wherever they would reaoh a large enough group of claims to warrant 
 the expense. Shorter roads In Boundary Creek have l)een built In several di- 
 rections at the private expense of Robert Wood, owner of the town of Green- 
 wood. The State of Washington has made a beginning In this direction by 
 eonatructing a home trail from the mouth of the Twlap, over the TWl«p and 
 
M IflNIKO IN THB PACIFIC NORTHWBBT. 
 
 CatesA* P«AMa t« the mouth of the Cascade River, thus oonnootinc the oounty 
 road ByvtWBB of lOaetern and Western Washington. It han also conatnieted a 
 road anron the Colvllle Reservation, except for a short aai^, which will be 
 cloned by an appropriation made at the laat aeaeton. Approprlatlona have 
 also been made for a road from Wenatchee up the Columbia River to Ivea and 
 for the wldenlntr of the trail to a wagon road betwean the mouth of the Twlap 
 and North Creek, and between Marble Mount and Qllbert's Camp, near the 
 head of the Cascade River, leaving the remainder of the trail to be widened 
 later. 
 
 Unlike their earlier, less careful and therefore less successful predecesaors, 
 the present Investors In mines In the Pacific Northweat are fully alive to 
 the necessity of modern economical procesaea of reduction, carefully and 
 skillfully managed, for the extraction of the value from the ores. Stamp 
 mills are now seconded by concentrators and slime tables. The employment 
 of a skilled mlllman Is admitted to be one of the conditions of aucoeaa. The 
 oyanldo process has been applied with o large degree of aucceaa at one 
 mino and a plant erected last scaaon nt anothor, will bo put In operation thla 
 year. Experiments are continually made with new processes of reduction, 
 from among which. It la hoped, one will bo evolved -apable of cheap applica- 
 tion on the mine ground. Meanwhile the bulk o 3 ore produced Koea to 
 the smelters at Everett and Tscoma. Wrsh.; T S^elson and Pilot Bay, 
 
 K. C. Coke for (lux Is produceci at the Fair' and Wllkeaon mine*. 
 
 Washington, and ai Nanalmo, B. C. Coal In large quantities is produced at 
 Newcastle, Franklin, Plack L'lamond, Oilman, Ronton and Danville, In King 
 county; Wllkeson, Carbonmlo, Pittsburg, In Pierce county; Roslyn and Cle- 
 Elum, In Kittitas county; Blue Ca lyon. In Whatcom county; and Fairhaven 
 mine, in Skagit county, WasnInGton: at Nanalmo, Wellington and Coraox, 
 P. C. New discoveries have been mado on Day Creek, Skagit county; the 
 Skykomleh River, KJng county; Camas Prairie, Kittitas county; on Chum- 
 atlck ("reek, Okanogan county; also on Rock Creek, Britiah Columbia. 
 
 It is a trite, but by no means true, saying that mining is a gamble. It la 
 only a gamble when a man unfamiliar with the business buys property he 
 has never seen or of which he does not know the value. It la not a gamble 
 if entered upon on business principles, with a full knowledge of what is belny 
 bought, obtained either by personal inspection or through the report of a 
 reliable mining engineer. _ There is no more reason why a man should buy 
 "a pig In a poke" in the tnlning business than In any other buaineas. If he 
 does so and finds that he has not bought a pljj but some other animal, he 
 must not blame the mining business, but bis own unbusinesslike manner of 
 engaging in it. 
 
 One result of the great size of the ore bodies In this section of the country 
 has been the necessity of large amoilnts of capital to carry on the prelimin- 
 ary work of prospecting and make such a showing of mineral as will put the 
 claims In a salable condition. The locators of claims rartely havlnflr the 
 necessary capital, this work has been undertaken by development companies, 
 organized for the purpose of thoroughly prospecting claims in exchange for 
 an Interest and of then selling them to others, who will further develop them 
 Into mines. Such companies have filled a decided gap in the miningr com- 
 munity and are operating with marked success In many districts. 
 
 That mining Is destined to fill a leading place among the induatrlea of 
 Washington and British Columbia must be evident to every observing mind. 
 It has already taken first rank In British Columbia and is fast ateppin^r Into 
 that rank In Washington. It must have a decidedly beneficial effect on the 
 general prosperity of both province and states for it brings with it a number 
 of kindred Industries and furnishes a ready cash market for the products of 
 the farmer, stock-i^aiser and manufacturer of various wares. It tends to 
 diversify Industry and thus to prevent undue reliance of a whole community 
 on any single means of support. It ieynlres a healthy, active, open-air life 
 and makes a sturdy, Independent, self-reliant race of men and women. 
 
 ttmiM 
 
MONTE OBIBTO. 
 
 The namo of this camp hus lonir been on th« tongue of uvery pfiHon 
 liiten^Ktfd In mining In the Cascade Mountains and every atom of newH 
 rofrardlntf the canip has been eagerly watched for. The renson Is not far 
 to seek. Monte Crlato waa the scene of the first mining operations on a 
 larflre scale by men having ample capital to develop a mine to a paying basis. 
 These tnlnes and the affiliated Investments represented an Investment of 
 about $3,000,000, which John D. Rockefeller and his business asBOclalekt had 
 .staked on their faith In the mining possibilities of the Cascades. They had 
 »Kme so In the face of adverse opinion from many experts as to the character 
 i>f the formation and the permanence of the ote bodies. They had found 
 Kold and silver-bearing minerals of such a refractory nature that they 
 Int'UM-ed heavy penalties at the smelter and one man described a particularly 
 troUWe«ome combination of mli ral as "concentrated essence of the In- 
 ferno." But the Monte Crlsto n Its allied companies persisted In the face 
 of many difficulties and may no\ be said to have solved the problem for the 
 whttle Cascade mineral belt. By tapping at a depth of 700 feet one of the 
 ore chutes t>;alch cropped on the surface, they have proved that the ore 
 bodies are continuous for a great depth and maintain their size and value. 
 They have proved that, In spite of Its refractory character, the ore can be 
 mined, concentrated and smelted at a profit, when handled on a large scale. 
 They have proved these valuable facts as pioneers In a new mining field 
 wKefe new conditions had to be met and new problems solved, and they 
 MaVe-^ertsevePed In spite of many obstacles and much detraction from pessi- 
 mists, until th6y have found the answer, not only for themselves but for all 
 others who enter the same field. They have not published abroad the re- 
 s\)lts attained, for they are In effect close corporations, having no stock to 
 sell and no objects to gain by publicity except to satisfy a natural curloHlty 
 on the part of the ct)mmunlty as to an enterprise the success of which means 
 much for the mining Industry of Washington. 
 
 Monte Crtsto lies In a basin In which the south fork of the Sauk River 
 ri«"ea. Two glaciers form Its source, one sloping from Cadet Peak and pour- 
 ing Us vlrlpoingB In a cascade down Glacier Gulch to form Glacier Creek, the 
 other Scoring li.c "Ide of tha lofty ridge south of Wllman's Peak and sending 
 SeV^ty-!9lx Creek down u gulf'h to join Glacier Creek In the town of Monte 
 CiMsto. Wllmans Peirtc la a bold, precipitou.s headland Jutting out between 
 •Qlaeler and Seventy-six Quiches, which the ice has carved out to right and 
 left of it. -The united stream flows northwest from beneath these peaks to 
 receive the north fork, which rises on the other side of the ridge, and then 
 iMltfer the Skagit, fifty miles north. 
 
 The Monte Crlsto mines are one of a number of properties which have 
 
 been acquired by the Rockefeller Syndicate and are being operated In con- 
 
 Jtmetlon. At Everett, where the Great Northern main and coast lines unite at 
 
 the mouth of the Snohomish River on Puget Sound, is the smelter of the 
 
 Ptlgtt Sotind Reduction Company. From a junction with the Great Northern 
 
 lat this point the Everett & Monte Crlsto Railroad has been built to Snohom- 
 
 hsh, a distance of eleven and one-half miles. From Snohomish to Hartford, 
 
 h'l^ht and two-tenth miles, trains run at present over the Seattle & Interna- 
 
 JtJonal Road, the Everett & Monte Crlsto running from the latter station to 
 
 monte Crlsto, fifty-two and two-tenth miles, making a total distance from 
 
 [BVerett junction of s6venty-one and nine-tenths miles. 
 
 I The manner of the discovery of the great mineral ledges of Monte Crlsto 
 
 [was not only dramatic, but was itself an evidence of their great size and 
 
 [rtchrtesp, Prospectors had for several years explored the Silver Creek dls- 
 
 rt^fct, -directly over the divide to the south, and had found the mountains 
 
 ! everywhere stained with great red streaks, where surface Influences had 
 
 ; njtidlaed the Iron In the surface ore. .Joseph Pearsall pursued his explora- 
 
 i tlons up the ea.st bank of Silver Creek and climbed along and up the steep 
 
 [sides of Hubbart's teak until ho could see over the divide to the mountains 
 
 forming a jagged amphitheatre around the Sauk Basin. He could look 
 
 [sheer down over 2,000 feet to where the two creeks unite to form the Sauk 
 
 and where Monte Crlsto now stands. But another spectacle riveted his 
 
 attention; this was a broad, glistening streak on the side of Wllmans Peak, 
 
 [overlooking Seventy-six Gulch. He also saw that all the mountains which 
 
 fshtit In the valley beyond were streaked with broad red bands from summit 
 
 [to bsiSe. But that g-litterlng streak more fastened his attention and he 
 
 [Examined It from the distance with a field glass, and convinced himself 
 
 {'that tt Was ffralena. He was looking for galena, as were all the prospectors 
 
 if th^ Cascades In those days, and waving his arms in delight, he exclaimed: 
 
 'Itris'rich as >Monte Cristo," and named the mountain after that master of 
 
 fabaiofifi' wealth. This happened on the Fourth of July, 1889, and wbfin he 
 
 [afterwards climbed lb tne-'spot and made his flrsl location he named It 
 
 "Independence of 1776," a name which has become abbreviated to Seventy-six 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHr7EST. 
 
 and ts now applied to this claim, the whole ledge and the gulch whlob ax- 
 poses It and the creek flowing from It. 
 
 Mr. Pearsall went down to Seattle and returned with J. M. Wllinans, 
 who became Interested with him in a number of oth'r loration.s. The thor- 
 oush exploration of the district and a host of othor loeatlons followed. In 
 the year 1890 the claims on Mystery Hill, Cadet Peak, Glaolor Gulch. Seventy- 
 six Gulch and Wilmaiis Peak, with a number 'extending along the ridges on 
 each .side of the canyon, came into the possession of Hon. H. G. Bond, L. S. 
 J. Hunt, H. C. Henry, Edward Elewett, .J. M., P. W. and S. C. Wihnans. 
 all of Seattle. In 1891 Mr. Henry and J. M. Wllmuiis, in retiirriing from the 
 camp, looked for a railroad route and found that the basin could bf oiUired 
 from the Sound by either the north or Hotith forK of the Stillagnamlsh. 
 Their first choice was the north fork route, but they decided in favor of tin- 
 south fork, although more diflkult and expensive, on account of the many 
 signs r)f mineral in the vicinity of Silverton. They then had a line surveyed 
 proving this route practicable. In the summer of 1891 five companies were 
 organized, owning tho several groups of claims In the basin— the Monte 
 Cristo, Pride of the Mountains, Rainy, \« u- \w 
 
 fall of that year the controlling Interest In the first three companies named 
 was sold to the Rockefeller Syndicate, which In the fololwlng year bought 
 all Judge Bond's remaining Interest, the Wilmans brothers retaining control 
 of the Wllmana and Golden Cord. 
 
 Then began development on a large scale, which has been continued 
 without Interruption throughout the period of depression following the boom 
 times during which the discoveries were made. Many exaggerated expecta- 
 tions, formed while the camp was in its embryonic prospect state, have been 
 disappointed, the halo of romance and the visions of great wealth suddenly 
 and easily acquired have vanished Into vapory nothingness under the cold, 
 calculating eye of the business man. What remains Is this: A great series 
 of ledges of refractory ore of low to medium grade, proved to go down to 
 great depth and to carry such value, that. If skilfully and economically 
 mined and concentrated on the ground, they will pay £. > 'd profits after thcs 
 mine is once really a mine— that Is. sufficiently opened to regularly produce 
 ore in large quantities. It has been proved that the Cascades are, generally 
 speaking, not a poor man's mining country, but that a judicious Investment 
 of large amounts of capital will pay good dividends. Of cou'-se, there are 
 instances of mines so favorably located as regards transportation, or havinsr 
 such high grade ore that they can be put on a paying basis by a compara- 
 tively small investment, but they are the exceptlcn, not the rule. 
 
 The Hockefeller Syndicate built the Everett & Monte Cristo Railroad In 
 1892 and 1893 from Everett to Snohomish along the Snohomish valley, and 
 from Hartford Junction to Monte Cristo along the south fork of the Stllla- 
 fTuamish. A large part of the line runs through a oanyon which presented 
 great engineering difTicultics in Its construction and has been costly to main- 
 tain, but the Impending development of the Silverton and other adjoining 
 districts will probably make the road a paying investment on Its own basis. 
 The smelter at Everett was erected about the same time and has now become 
 ii paying institution, treating not only the Monte Cristo concentrates but 
 customs ore from all sides and even from distant Australia. 
 
 The Monte Cristo Mining Company has twenty-eight claims, including 
 mill sites and placers in the canyon, the mineral locations being divided 
 among Glacier, Seventy-six and West Seattle Gulches. In Glacier Gulch 
 the ledpres nm east and west between walls of diorlte: In Seventy-six Gulch 
 their course is northeast and southwest between diorlte and basalt; and In 
 West Seattle Gulch north and south between diorlte walls. The ledge mat- 
 ter Is almost always siliclous porphyry. The principal development has 
 been done on Mystery Hill on a ledge which runs through the ground of 
 both the Monte CIristo and Pride of the Mountains Mining Companies. The 
 croppings of this U-dge are in some r-ia^ "s as wide as forty feet, but this is 
 not mineralized throughout, and the dip averages 70 degrees north. The ore 
 bodies range In width from two to fourteen feet and average about four feet. 
 
 The Mystery Hill mine of the Monte Cristo Company has three working 
 tunnels 125 feet apart from all of which ore Is being ptoped. The upper one 
 nuts through Mystery Hill for about 1,000 feet and has developed one long 
 ore chute averaging about four feet wide, which carries arsenical iron, 
 Mulphurets of Iron, arseno-sulphurets and zinc blende. The second tunnel is 
 a little over 900 feet long and would. If continued, run fifteen feet beneath 
 Glacier Gulch and Into Cadet Peuk. It cuts the same ore chute as the upper 
 tunnel, 800 feet long and with an Inclination to the east. 
 
 The longest and deepest tunnel is the third, which runs through Mystery 
 Hill on this ledge for 1,600 feet and cut the same ore chute as the two upper 
 ones. 700 feet belov/ the summit of the hill, thus defining that chute for thlB 
 depth. This tunnel then turns southward and runs for seventy-five feet as 
 a cross-cut until 't Intersects a parallel ledge, which It then follows through 
 the Pride of the Mountains ground for 500 feet. It runs for 280 feet through 
 un ore chute three feet wide, carrying galena and a little chalcopyrlte. In 
 addition to the other minerals already mentioned, th* galena somewhat 
 IncreaBmir the average value. All further developmftnt by the exteotion or 
 this tunnel will be carried on In the f*rlde ground. * 
 
MINING IN THBJ PACIFIC NORTHWBST. 
 
 h whlob 9X- 
 
 The Pride of the Mountains mine has been developed on the ledge to 
 which the longr tunnel has cross-cut, but at a point beyond that "« which this 
 tunnel has bfeen driven. This is tht- Udge in the croppings oi which Mr. 
 Pearsall saw pahna l.i the distance. It strikes east and west and Is nearly- 
 flat, and two tunnels Lave been driven on it, 180 leet apart along its dip. 
 One Is 600 feet \vnv; and Is 200 feet below the surface, while the other Is a 
 little over 800 feet long and gains a depth of 380 feet. The ore in this ledge 
 Qocars in lenses, which lap each other and are always accompanied by small 
 (juantities of waste on one wall. The Pride of the Mountains Company 
 owns fourtee.i cla'.ms in all, mostly in this group. 
 
 The Seventy-six Mine; of the Monte Cristo Company is on Seventy-six 
 Gulch and consists of two tunnels. The upper one. 130 feet long, starts 150 
 feet below the summit of a vertical wall and gains a maximum depth of 200 
 feet, while the other is 100 feet below and is 800 feet long. Both these tun- 
 nels show a two and one-half foot ledge, with good in-'icatlo.ns of approach- 
 ing the ore-chute cropping above, and prospecting ' i the diamond drill 
 was started in the lower tunnel in the fall of 1896, biit t '.i^v.- prevented any- 
 ' tt ig from being accomplished. 
 
 The ore is transported from the Mystery Hill and I---^.de of vhe Mountains 
 Mine J by two cable bucket tramways, which run to the saine discharge 
 terminal. One runs from the lower tunnel of the Pride of the Mountains and 
 over Mystery Hill and is about 6,000 feet long, making a descent of about, 1.800 
 feet.. It has a span of 1,200 feet across Glacier Gulch, with a central drop of 
 600 feet, and dts capacity is 2.S0 tons in twenty-four hours. The other tram- 
 way is 3,600 feet long and leads from the long tunnel In Mystery Hill, a vertical 
 heifflit of 1,200 feet, to the discharge terminal. The ore la here run throu».rh a 
 coarse crusher, then loaded on cars and hauled by horses over a surface 
 tramway to the concentrator, 1,000 feet distant. 
 
 The concentrator Is what Is known as a double section mill and has a 
 
 capacity of 300 tons In twenty-four hours, or ir)0 tons for each side. The ore 
 
 Is crushed by rollers and concentrated on Hartz Jigs, the fine pulps and slimes 
 
 passing on to round tables and Frue vanners. The total extraction is about 
 
 per cent, of the assay value, which is about |8 for the low grade Mystery 
 
 ore and over $30 for the ore in the Pride ledge. The ratio of concentration is 
 
 I about four and one-half tons into one. The mill Is run by a 200 horse-power 
 
 Corliss engine, which also runs a 100 horse-power generator. The latter fur- 
 
 'nlshes power to a motor at the Mystery Hill Mine, which compres.ses air for 
 
 ' three power drills, while electricity is al.so generated in the engine room to 
 
 [light the town and the mill. The ore concentrates three tons Into one and the 
 
 mill is producing about l,2uu tons of concentrates a month, with a probable 
 
 [increase during the year. 
 
 The Rainy Mining Company has ten claims, three of which are on Cadet 
 I Peak and two on a ledge running up the mountain east of the tramway 
 [terminal. On a level with the latter, a tunnel runs 800 feet into the mountain. 
 L'alnlng a depth of 400 feet, and a shaft Is down ninety feet at the mouth of 
 [this tunnel showing twenty-eight inches of well mineralized ore of the same 
 Icharacter as that in Mystery Hill. 
 
 About 250 men are employed in Mvstery Hill and Pride of the Mountains 
 iMlnes and In the concentrator. 
 
 The Wllmans Mining Company ba.j a group of seven claims on a series of 
 |ledges cutting through Wllmans ' jak from Seventy-alx Gulch to Glacier 
 3asln and carrying galena, sulphl ?s and some chlorides of sliver. A tunnel 
 las been driven through the mouniain several hundred feet below the summit 
 ind another, 100 feel below, is in 125 feet. A cable tramway 10,000 feet long 
 stretches from the mouth of the upper tunnel to a point near the concentrator 
 md a large amount of ore is stored in the bins at this point. 
 
 The Golden Cord Mining Company has nine claims on the crest of Wilnians 
 ?eak and on the sides overlooking the town and the concentrator. A tunnel 
 ibout 500 feet long has developed an ore body about thirty Inches wide, half 
 3f which is similar in character and value to the Pride ore, while the re- 
 ladnder Is decomposed and carries a. higher gold value. This ore is worth $36 
 lo $40 and some of it has been run through the concentrator, but was found to 
 slime so badly that that process Is not adapted to it. A cable tramway about 
 4,800 feet long stretches from this mine to the terminal near the concentrator. 
 Steps are now being taken towards a resumption of work on the Wllmans 
 md Golden Cord properties, on which nothing has been done since 1885, and 
 the erection of a plant for the chemical extraction of the value is contem- 
 Jlated. 
 
 The O. & B. group of foar claims is directly across the divide from Silver 
 -.ake, 2,000 feet above the Everett & Monte CrlFto Railroad, and was bonded 
 md Jeased by the Packard Mining Company, Cobb & McCrea, John P. Bake- 
 lan, Oliver McLean and P. M. Headlee to the O. & B. Mining & Milling 
 Company, which afterwards acquii*ed the interests of Messrs. Cobb & McCrea. 
 'iakeman and Headlee by purchase. The main ledge, on which are three 
 claims, runs up the ridge to Silver Lake, Is about eight feet wide and has 
 from six to twenty-four inches of pay ore. The lowest tunnel, sixty feet. Is 
 " feet below the summit and shows nine inchfjs of $46 ore, the remainder of 
 the ledge oarrylnar $3.TC to $fi. The second tunnel, IM feet above, ie 260 feet 
 
14 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEJflT. 
 
 loijg and ran through an ore chute eiighteen Inches wide and forty-three feat 
 long, with good concentrating ore the rea. of its length. At 200 feet an 
 upraise was made seventy-flve feet, showing two feet of solid ore. The third 
 tunnel, 110 feet above the second, is 135 feet long and has an average of Ave 
 Inches of solid and four feet of concentrating ore. The fourth claiiii is on a 
 parallel ledge traced for its full length and showing a foot of $70 ore In a 
 short tunnel. A temporary cable tramway has been built to the railroad, 2,000 
 feet below, and 200 tons of ore have been shipped, ranging in value from $15 
 to $35 and averaging $20 gross. The company proposes to erect a permanent 
 tramway and a concentrator. 
 
 On the extension of the O. & B. ledge down the mountain is the P. & I., on 
 which the P. & I. Mining Company is at work. The ledge ranges fr9m two to 
 six feet between granite walls and shows from five to twenty-four inches of 
 pay ore carrying sulphurets and assaying $8.80 to $21 gold and 16 to 38 ounces 
 silver. A tunnel is in 112 feet near the lower end of the claim and will be 
 extended 100 feet this year. A tramway will be built 1,350 feet to the railroad, 
 making a descent of 980 feet vertically. 
 
 Directlj'- opposite the O. & B. and within 1,500 feet of the concentrator and 
 railroad are the Tol>ique and Lalla Rookh, owned by Jasper Compton and 
 others, on a iissure ledge twelve to fifteen feet between syenite walls. Th« 
 ledge has been defined by two fifteen-foot tunnels, the lower one of which has 
 tapped an ore chute carrying sixteen Inches of solid iron pyrites with some 
 galena, which assays $8 to $30 gold and 6 to 40 ounces silver. Another tunnel 
 has been run forty feet to tap this chute and to be used as a working tunnel 
 and shows chlorides, which are gradually giving place to Iron pyrltea. This 
 tunnel will be continued this year. 
 
 On the extension of the Foggy ledge across the divide to Monte Crlsto 
 is the Whistler group of four claims, owned by the Packard Mining Com- 
 pany, Bell & Austin and the Lillls estate. The ledge is four to twenty feet 
 wide and has an eighteen-inch pay streak oi sulphurets, gray copper and 
 galena, assaying $25 to $45 gold and silver. Tunnels twenty and thirty feet 
 long and an open cut, at intervals of 100 feet, have made this showing. 
 
 The Philo group of three claims, 100 feet south of the Whistler group, is 
 owned by George Evans, Charles F. Jackson, H. F. Jackson, the Packard 
 Mining Company, Joseph Barrett and — Trembly. Tunnels twenty an4 forty 
 feet long show fifteen inches of pay ore carrying arsenical Iron and copper 
 sulphides and two feet of concentrating ore. 
 
 The Keystone group of four claims adjoins the Mystery Mine and la owned 
 by the Packard Mining Company, A. W. Hawks, A. D. Austin and the Lillts 
 estate. A thirty-foot tunnel and a twenty-foot open cut show a pay streak, 
 ten to eighteen Inches, of galena. Iron and copper sulphides, assaying $20 to $$t 
 gold and silver. The ledge crops four to twenty feet wide In the gulch and 
 shows twenty-four Inches of galena in an ore chute 300 feet long. A cross-cpt 
 is In forty feet and will tap this ore chute at a depth of 100 feet In ninety feet 
 more. A parallel ledge shows six to thirty-six Inches of similar ore In a 
 sixty-foot tunnel. 
 
 In the Seventy-six Basin, adjoining the Golden Cord, are the Argonaut 
 and Typo, on a ledge which crops seventy to seventy-flve feet wide alongr the 
 creek and has arsenical Iron disseminated through Its whole width. This Is 
 believed to be all concentrating ore carrying $8 to $12 gold. 
 
 On a ledge parallel with the O. & B. are the Kthel and Annie Laurie, 
 owned by F. A. Bass, M. T. J. Cnmmlngs and the Dempsey estate, on a ledge 
 which shows in an open cut eight feet of iron pyrites carrying $A to $31 goW. 
 A tunnel is in sixty feet for the ore chute and a cross-cut has been driven 
 twenty feet towards the hanging wall. 
 
 On the east slope of the ridge dividing the Sauk, Sultan and StlUaguamlsh 
 water-sheds, over ooklng Crater Lake, two and one-half miles from Monte 
 ^^\^}°n' i" ^'^^^ ^^} .^^ainpo group of three claims, owned by the Del Camp<' 
 ? « S« . P'J®'' M1"'"K Company. Two claims are on a ledge which Is exposed 
 for 2,000 feet and crops teji to thirty feet wide, carrying chalcopyrlte, which 
 assays on the surfaof> $44.86 gold and silver, 13.8 per cent, copper; 34 per cent, 
 copper and $8 gold. The other claim Is on a parallel ledge cropping 60 to 100 
 feet wide and carrymg similar ore with more silica. A twenty-flve f<»t 
 tunnel and several ope.n cuts have shown up each ledge. One mile of cable 
 tramway would take this ore to the railroad. 
 
 ^•^•^►©♦•♦•^•♦•♦•■f 
 
MimNa IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWBSrr. 
 
 GOAT LAKE. 
 
 Thouerh a part of the organized district of Monte Crlato, tliis is prac- 
 tically a separate district set apart by the formation of the country. It is 
 the extension eastward of the Monte Cristo mineral belt, traced through 
 the ridge dividing the south from the north fork of the Saulc and the latter 
 from Goat I^ake. The latter body of water, less than a mile long, empties 
 through Elliott Creek into the south fork of the Sauk, and the mountains 
 at its head and on each side are veined with mineral. 
 
 The district is easily accessible from Seattle. Taking the Great Northern 
 train or a steamer to E3verett, thirty-three miles, one goes thence by the 
 Kverett & Monte Cristo Railroad to Barlow Pass, sixty-two miles, and thence 
 by a good road to the foot of the lake, eight miles. From there a trail runs 
 .'jlong the shorn and a road through the bottom land at the head to the Penn 
 ','amp on the c.lltt above. The distance to the Everett smelter is sixty-two 
 miles and to the Tacoma smelter 136 miles from Barlow Pass. 
 
 The formation of the country Is syenite, granite and schist, with dikes 
 of quartz, porphyry and slate. The principal ledges cut the schist, ciuartx, 
 porphyry and granite in a general easterly and westerly direetton. The 
 led8<6s vary from a clear white quarta sparsely mineralized, to a very dark 
 quartz, strongly mineralized and very auriferous. They carry a fine grained 
 arsenical iron of a good gold value, together with gray copper, gateaa and 
 in some case.'! chalcopyrlte. In sovaf cases gold, and In some silYer, pre- 
 uominates. J'.irt of the ores are hit. h grade and will pay to haul to the 
 railroad and ship to the smelter, am. thf remainder will b« conoe»trattoK. 
 Discoveries began in August, 1891, witli the loeatiop >l the Foggy and parallel 
 ledges on the divide between Ooat l.,ake and the Sauk's north fork and con- 
 tinued along the mountains c h sides of the lake. 
 
 Development is being pii ' vlgorouBly on the Foggy Kroui>^ of 
 
 about forty claims, owned by Mini- ' "ompany. Thf '■• >' -tidt^a 
 
 cuts the mountain from the east .g- t * '^'rlato has rly and 
 
 has been traced over 5,000 feet, showing ■ solid ore ^ n char- 
 
 :icter and value to the Pride ore at M iihco, with '«'d( i - ;iree and 
 
 four feet wide running Into it at acute amnios. Th« Fogg as pn ed to be 
 a. true fissure vein by a number of open cu .in<i sha. aftei which a 
 orosseut was run 200 feet Intersecting it from 2iK) to JAO feet l"" the lowest 
 ttropplng and running along it for about 100 feet each way, hi liul Uingth 
 of th« tunnel at that point being about 400 feet. Parallel witn Utfe on 
 
 the south is another about six feet wide with a three ""'ot pay.si- (h. of ore 
 similar to the Foggy, on which are two claims. Oth- r :>hout seven feet 
 and three and one-half or four feet cut across the h >f i lie basin, while 
 
 In Sauk basin below the Foggy are a number of other.' Having thus proved 
 the permanence of the main ledge, the company last sprlrtg built a rood 
 up Elliott Creek to the foot of the lake and repaired thf county road down 
 the Sauk, took In a donkey pngine to haul supplies up iio 'iff to the site 
 selected for a permanent camp. 1,100 feet above the !:• 
 air compressor and two power drills. A crosscut tu 
 from the Goat Ijake basin to crosscut the series of le<: 
 and is now in about 200 feet, having tapped the first leu 
 
 feet. It will cut the Foggy 800 feet deep and possibly others at greater depth 
 and will be used as a working tunnel. A survey has been made for a tram- 
 way down the lake to the falls at Its mouth, where the company owns a mill- 
 site, and a telephone line has been stretched over this route, which Is two 
 miles long. An electric plant will be erected at the falls, wWch ha^e a fall 
 of 360 fpot in 700. and a concentrator placed there to treat the ore. A sutTi-ey 
 has al J been made for a branch railroad six miles long from Barlow Pass 
 on the Everett & Monte Cristo Railroad to the mlllsito. When the tunnel 
 hab oat the ledges, as is expected by next fall, the question of constructing 
 thlB road will be decided and work will in that event begin the following 
 spring. 
 
 Thio Nevada and El Dorado, on two parallel ledges on the eaitt sldje of th« 
 lake, near Its head, are being developed by the Elliott Creek Gold Mlnlnff 
 Company, -vhlch h.as a mlllslte on the level tract at the head of the lake, well 
 protected fiom snow slides. The Nevada led«e crops three feet wide between 
 slate walls 1.200 feet from the lake shore and has been tapped by a 60-ioot 
 tunnel, which ran througrh highly mineralUed quartz and .slate aiid has 
 continued for ten feet across the ledge, without s;;riltlng the opposite w«kU. 
 Of thl« width three fwt is hlBh grade and the balance oonoentratlnB ore. 
 ': The El Dorado ledse runs parallel, higher up the movinta>ln, iiind sbowK 
 i ftv« teM of aulphuret ore In the croppings. A tunnel run* flft«en f«*t on 
 a two»4it«h streak in the porphyry gangua and shows It to staadUy widen. 
 The croppings asHayed $«.*1 to »7.8fi gold, $1.7.1 to IB.66 sliver. whU« an iMni»y 
 from a depth of four feet gave $13.60 gold, $7.20 silver, 21.20 per t«at copper. 
 
 1 Installed an 
 
 .s then started 
 
 t greater depth, 
 
 at a depth of 200 
 
 WmStt 
 
u 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWUBT. 
 
 Two assays from a foot deeper pave $17.36 gold, $2.77 stiver and I21.S0 sold, 
 $♦80 silver respectively, while from a depth of elprht feet In an open cut th9 
 ore assayed $27.2R gold, $1.:!4 silver. Judging from the width and continuity 
 of the lodges and the correspondence of the exposures on opposite sides of 
 the mountain, it is reasonable to conclude that these ledges run clear 
 through the ridge and can be tapped by tunneling at great depth. 
 
 One of the best-looking and widest ledges crops out directly under the 
 granite cliffs a few hundred feet above the north shore of the lake, and on 
 this and Its spurs the Goat Lake Mining Company has the Glory of the 
 Mountains group of seven claims. The ledge appears to have been broken 
 over by slide rock, but in a tunnel, driven forty feet across. It appears to be 
 straightening up from a pitch of forty-five degrees, and shows twenty feet of 
 ore divided by a horse of porphyry. The ledge matter is porphyritlc quartz 
 and is pretty evenly impregnated with white iron and sulphides. A sample 
 taken across eight feet of ore assayed $21.50 gold, $4.80 silver, and another 
 from twelve feet further in gave $27.60 gold, $1.80 silver. The company Is 
 driving a cross-cut from the shore of the lake which is expected to tap the 
 ledge in 360 feet at a depth of 800 feet, and is row in ninety feet. Three of 
 the claims are on the main ledge and four are on spurs running east and 
 west up the mountain from the lake shore, while the Navajo group of three 
 claims, all of which have good surface showings, are on a parallel . ledge 
 further up the mountain and would be developed by the Glory of the Moun 
 tains crosscut. 
 
 From this point up the lake, running up the mountain parallel with the 
 Glory, is a series of ledges extending tf the basin wall. The first of these 
 is the Lily of the West, owned by Dr. ^cCulloch, J. W. Coffin, Miss H. K. 
 Coffin and E. G. English. The ledge crops out eighteen inches wide, with a 
 foot of mineral arsenic beside it, and pitches into the mountain. A cross- 
 cut to tap it is in thirty-flve feet. The same parties have the Hunter on a 
 small streak of ore, running into the Lily, and parallel with it J. W. Ooffln 
 has the Union on a ledge carrying arsenical iron and iron sulphides, which 
 crops out eighteen inches to four feet wide. A crosscut is being run to tap It 
 in forty feet. 
 
 The B?i.'e Rock group of four claims, owned by Messrs. <^offln and sons, Is 
 on two parallel ledges running up from the lake. One of these crops five feet 
 wide between granite walls and shows three and one-half feet of arsenical 
 iron ore carrying gold, silver and copper in a ten-foot shaft, as well as in a 
 thirty-flve foot tunnel. The other ledge, 100 feet above the lake, Itf six feet 
 wide where it has been stripped and crops five to twunty feet wide higher up 
 the mountain. 
 
 Between the Nevada and El Dorado J. W. Coffin has the Baltimore on a 
 ledge from three to five feet wide, with six to eighteen inches of pay ore, 
 carrying Iron sulphides rich in galena. Assays from the croppings show 
 about $6 gold, $3 silver. On a similar ledge, with a cropping of about four 
 feet of sulphide oro, Mr. Coffin and his sons have the Republican. Above the 
 El Dorado Mr. Coffin and C. M. Mackintosh have the Waterfall on a five-foot 
 ledge showing from eighteen inches to four feet of pay ore, and the Black 
 Jack on a parallel ledge, similar In size and character. Above this, In the 
 rim of the basin, H. W. and C. B. Coffin have the Brooklyn, showing twelve 
 to fourteen inches of ore, on which they are driving a tunnel. Under the 
 rocky promontory in the center of the basin Is the Little Giant, owned by 
 J. W. Coffin, B. G. English and Dr. McCulloch. The ledge is eight feet 
 wide, with a pay streak ranging from eighteen inches to its full width, carry- 
 ing sulphide ore. A cross-cut is in thirty feet, and will tap Che ledge In about 
 130 feet more. 
 
 Running up the center of the basin to the south of the Penn camp Is the 
 Bon Ton group of five claims, on as many parallel ledges, owned by J. W. 
 Coffin, E. G. English, Dr. McCu"^ch and C. M. Mackintosh. The main ledge 
 Is from ten to twelve feet wl.u'. with four to eight feet of chalcopyrlte, 
 peacock copper and iron sulphides. It crops out for 650 feet, and has broken 
 over on the surface, but appears to straigliten up and to be running Into the 
 Little Giant, Assays have sh'Wn $16 to $27 gold and silver, and the other 
 ledges in the group carry simll.ir ore. On the south side of the basin, running 
 up under the great glacier, < . B. and H. W. Coffin have the San Francisco 
 on a ledge about the same wklth as the Bon Ton, and are driving a tunnel <m 
 *J^ ^^}P^ ***^ glacier. To the south of this Dr. McCulloch, H. W. Coffin. B. G. 
 English and C. M. Mackintosh have the Sunset on a ledge carrying three feet 
 of iron pyrites and arsenical iron, which assays $32 to $33 gold and Silver. 
 A cross-cut tunnel to tap it in 350 feet has been driven twenty-two feet. 
 The Sacramento, owned by C. B. and H. W. Coffin, is an extension on the 
 Sunset up the mountain. Further down towards the foot of the lake the 
 same parties have^ the Three Star on a ledge eight to twelve feet wide, with 
 three to seven feet of pure hard white quartz, largely crystallized and carry- 
 '"er Iron sulphides. A tunnel has been started on this ledge. 
 
 Messrs. Coffin and sons have ihree mill sites extending from the outlet Of 
 the lake 900 feet down the falls, in which there Is ample water tor poww. 
 MiJ ««53i'.*^2L^*"l' *°*'\*®<^ ^Y two prospectors of the fair sex. Miss Coffin aod 
 Miss Ooodspeed, Is on the divide between the lake and the north fork of th« 
 
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 ample capital to 
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 half a mile to thi 
 and from these 
 over the Marble 
 four and one-ha 
 miles and to the 
 
 The mineral 
 twelve miles wl^ 
 cuts across the s 
 above Sllverton 
 from the north 
 White Horse M( 
 the forks. Cutt 
 across the Sulta 
 above the mouth 
 of Miller River, 
 been traced fron 
 where exploratlc 
 Skykomish have 
 is a slate belt, 
 much covered, b 
 believed to be tl 
 following the sa 
 ledges and strir 
 enormous width, 
 defined width o 
 pyrrhotite, iron 
 carrying gold ar 
 the other miner) 
 20 to 25 per cent. 
 45 per cent., and 
 in pockets. The 
 ore bodies so ci 
 Instances prove 
 ledges, and nea: 
 Burface width. 
 
 Mineral discc 
 Hoodoo ledge o 
 located by Abe 
 and James Hans 
 Silver Gulch, a 
 George Hall and 
 Gulch. Then tb 
 by J. F. Bender, 
 
 The camp v 
 coveries, but o 
 organized at a r 
 following wtntei 
 Parker McKenz 
 They cut a pad 
 great Helena lei 
 discovered by L 
 Perry Creek el a 
 year the w^agon 
 
 (2) 
 
 .t.>^?a^/i.v**'"~'~ — 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 IT 
 
 Sauk, and has eight feet of solid quartz, mineralized from wall to wall with 
 Iron sulphides carrying: gold and silver. A tunnel has been driven fifteen feet 
 %m one wall, from which tne ledge will be cross-cut. 
 
 BILVERTON. , 
 
 This district has the advantages of proximity to a railroad and smelter 
 and of being so compact that a circle drawn seven miles around Sllverton, 
 Us center, would enclose all the principal properties, while the majority are 
 within an Inner circle having a radius of four miles. With great bodies of 
 mineral, and having these facilities for cheap mining, transportation and 
 smelting, the district has sprung into the front rank among those of the 
 Cascade Range. Large Investments have been made there by men with 
 ample capital to develop their property, and the year 1897 may be expected to 
 see It proven a permanent, producing camp. 
 
 To reach this camp from Seattle one can go by the Great Northern 
 train or by steamer to Everett, thirty-three miles, and thence by the 
 Everett & Monte Crlsto Railroad to Sllverton, fifty miles; or from 
 Seattle by the Seattle & International Railroad to Hartford Junction, forty- 
 three miles, and thence by the Everett & Monte Cristo Railroad to Sllverton, 
 thirty-three miles. From Sllverton a good wagon road runs up Deer Creek 
 to the Clear Creek divide, four and one-half miles, and another road runs 
 half a mile to the mouth of Sliver Gulch. Trails branch out from the railroad 
 and from these wagron roads to the various mines, and one has been made 
 over the Marble Pass to the Forty-five Mine, on the Sultan side, a distance of 
 four and one-half miles. The distance to the Everett smelter Is fifty-four 
 miles and to the Tacoma smelter 128 miles. 
 
 The mineral ledges of this district are contained in a belt of granite about 
 twelve miles wide, which runs a little east of north and west of south and 
 cuts across the south fork of the StiUaguamlsh from a line crossing five mites 
 above Sllverton to another crossing seven miles below. It has been traced 
 from the north fork of the river and Includes the heads of both forks at 
 White Horse Mountain, which stands at the upper end of the ridge between 
 the forks. Cutting across the south fork valley, it has been found to extend 
 across the Sultan Valley and across Silver Creek, where it shows two miles 
 above the mouth. It runs on across both forks of the Skykomish to the head 
 of Miller River. It is cut oft on the northeast by a coal formation, which has 
 been traced from the StiUaguamlsh south fork to the Skykomish south fork, 
 where explorations of good coal prospects a short distance above the town of 
 Skykomish have been carried on for several years. Southwest of this granite 
 Is a slate belt, of which the contact is not traceable, the formation being 
 much covered, hut slate is found above the canyon of the Sultan River and Is 
 believed to be the source of the placer gold of that stream. In true fissures 
 following the same course as this granite belt, but of course with many cross 
 ledges and stringers, runs a series of quartz ledges, bome of which attain 
 enormous width, fifty and sixty feet being qnlte common and 180 feet being the 
 defined width of one ledge. The quartz is mineralized with chalcopyrlte, 
 pyrrhotlte, iron pyrites and arsenical iron, all exiremely rich In copper and 
 carrying gold and sliver, while In some Instances galena Is found mixed wit!i 
 the other minerals. The ore rarely carries less than 10 per cent, copper and 
 20 to 25 per cent. Is more common, while rich streaks of black oxide run up to 
 45 per cent., and bornite, which carries 50 to 60 {ler cent, copper, has been found 
 In pockets. The gold and silver values are alone sufficient to make such large 
 ore bodies so convinlently located pay well, though copper will in many 
 Instances prove to be the principal value. Nickel and cobalt occur In some 
 ledges, and near the head of Clear CreeK Is a deposit of asbestos of great 
 surface width. 
 
 Mineral discoveries In this region date from the summer of 1891, when the 
 Hoodoo ledge of pyrltic ore on the right-hand side of Hoodoo Gulch was 
 located by Abe Gordon and Fred Harrington. Within a few days William 
 and James Hanset found a great ledge carrying arsenical Iron and galena on 
 Silver Gulch, and on this they located the Independent. The same fall 
 George Hall and W. M. Moleque discovered the Anacortes ledge In Anacortes 
 Gulch. Then the great Bonanza Queen ledge, on Long Mountain, was found 
 by J. P. Bender, Z. W. Lockwood and J. O. Marsh. 
 
 The camp was first named Independence, after one of the early dis- 
 coveries, but on August 26, 1891, the StiUaguamlsh Mining District was 
 organized at a miners' meeting and the name Sllverton was adopted. In the 
 following winter a townsite was established by the late Charles McKenzle, 
 Parker McKenzle. J. B. Carrothers, William Whitten and John P. BIrney. 
 They cut a pack-trau to Hartford In November, 1891, and within a year the 
 great Helena ledges on the divide between Deer and Clear Creeks had been 
 disroverod by Louis I^undlln, John Jackson and Thomas Johnson, and the 
 Perry Creek claims had been located by Theodore I^ohr. During the s.ame 
 year the wagon road had been constructed and the railroad was graded almost 
 
 (2) 
 
u 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 to Barlow Pass, elffht miles to the southeast. In the years 1893 and 1894 thero 
 was ii lull, due to the panic, but In 189.5 activity In prospectlnK waa renewed 
 by the dlscoverey of an extension of the mineral belt over Long Mountiiln 
 from Deer Creek to Martin Creek by A. D. Sperry, William Matadorp, A. 
 Iverson and GeorRe G Mosber, and In the full of ISOfi this wns followed by 
 further discoveries near the head of that creek by John Mc<"lellan. The last 
 notable discovery was t lat of the asbestos deposit on the divide from which 
 Deer, Maittn timl ( bav Ci' ks all spring, this being made In July, 1896, by 
 R. C. Myers and Loub, Calllhan. 
 
 The Hoodoo group I'f seven mineral claims and six mUlsltes is now owned 
 by thf Stiliasuamlsh and .SnUan Mining- Comi any, compo.st d principally of 
 EnsUsh, Scotch and Welsh capitalists. The mnln ledge runs through the 
 Morrison, Hoodoo. Tenderfoot and Lakevlew claims, and Is fully twenty feet 
 wide, between "walls of conglomerate and slj'te, being one of the best-tlettned 
 fissure veins In the district. The ore canifj Iron and cooper p;, rites and 
 pyrrhotlte, with some bell metal, and Is connived In a lime quartz gangue. 
 There are two well-defined ore bodies, one eighteen inches to twelve feet 
 wide and ."JOO feet long, and the ether twenty Inches to twelve feet wide and 
 200 feet long, showing 5(X) feet fiTther up the mountain. The main tunnel has 
 "been driven 420 feet on the ^!oodoo ledge, .'<howin(? two to eight feet of solid 
 ore, and will he continued :<F0 feet to get under the highest cropping, where a 
 ■det)th of 510 feet will be nttnlned e;irly In May. About 200 feet of tunneling 
 has been done on a stringer and to prospec*^ the ledge Rt other nolnts. This 
 ore will concentrate .3V" Into 1. making concentrates worth $83 a ton, his value 
 being divided In the proportion of 4:! per cent, go d, :n per cent, sliver, 2; per 
 cent, copper. Cn the Pe.ncnck a four-foot ledpe Is shown up by a luiber of 
 open cuts, and Is trace.iblr- for 400 feet, while the Tenderfoot croa.s-ledKo 
 shows equal wblth In open cuts. The mine Is reached by three-quarters of a 
 mile of wagon road from the railroad, and bv seventy feet of exterior rock 
 cut protected by snowsheds. It Is equipped with two power drills operated 
 by steam, but at present It Is found to be cheaper »to mine by hand. 
 
 The Independent groui^ of three claims, recently Incorporated, has a ledge 
 cropping to a width of slxtv feet in the bed of a '.^orge running towards the 
 mouth of Silver Gulch, which has been tracd across the Stlllaguamlsh River 
 to Long Mountain and across the head of Anacortes Gulc»' n->rmi^h the 
 Hoodoo Into Sultan Basin. The ledge carries arsi nical iron all through and 
 contains ten feet of high grade ore and some streaks of g.-ilena. ..s.say3 of 
 the pay streak range from $17 to $140 gold and average between $70 and $80, 
 only 3 to 4 per cent, of the total value being silver. A tu'^'n-^l has been driven 
 156 feet on the leuge at the wesit end of the Independent claim and shows 
 thirty-eight Inches of solid ore In the face. Anoth; " tunnel 100 feet higher 
 ^as been driven 100 feet on the ore chute, throunrh wnicb n '^ro.ss-'-ut is now 
 being made, and a recent rocksllde has uncovered a large body of high 
 .grade ore. 
 
 Adjoining this group Is the Cleveland group of four claims, a three- 
 <iuu.;ei:, li. .crest ill vvt^iieki has been bonde<i by Thomas Wilson and S. A. 
 Hartrran to Van B. De Lashmutt. E. E. Crookham and others, of Portland, 
 for $50,000. and Is being developed by them. The Violet is the east extension 
 of the Independent ledge and is crossed by the Cleveland ledge, running north 
 and south, which crops in a gorge between fifty and sixty feet wide, with at 
 least three feet of chalcor^jrite showing. The American and Geyser cross the 
 Violet in a northeast and southwest course, and. lilce it. carry arsenical iron 
 and galena. A tunnel has been run seventy-two feet, cross-ciitting the Violet 
 ledfve at Its intersection with the Cleveland, and will be continued on the 
 hanging wall of the latter, which It Is Intended to develop. It cut a number 
 of small streaks of ore all through the Violet and shows two wide pay streaks 
 on the Cleveland. Some prospect holes on the Cleveland croppings have 
 shown wide bodies of fine copiier and iron pyrites, of which asnays average 
 $20 gold, silver and copper, and have shown up two to three feet of crystallized 
 lime in the ledge, which may also assay and would probably be taken at a 
 premium at the smelter. 
 
 The Everett group of three claims, owned by the White Rock Gold Mininsf 
 Company, together with a one-eighth Interest In four parallel adjoining 
 claims and two millsites at the mouth of Deer Creek, is on the extenslo'i of 
 the Independent ledge over to Anacortes Gulch. There Is a well-defined ledge 
 of mineralized rock seventy-two feet wide. In which are three distinct miner"! 
 veins from six to fourteen Inches wide, carrying copper and Iron sulphides 
 and gray copper. The surface ore assays $11 to $12 gold and silver. Tunneling 
 on the ledge will begin as soon as the weather permits. 
 
 The Anacortes Nos. 1, 2 and 3, owned by George Hall. M. L. Moleque and 
 Dr. Longstreet, of New York, are on a ledge parallel with the Independence 
 on the north. Tunnels have been driven 120 and 20 feet, showing thirty lnche» 
 of pay ore carrying arsenical Iron and som(! steel galena. 
 
 On the extension of the Cleveland Joseph Crane, William Hanset, Charlen 
 Willuson and Peter Johnson have the Summer Coon. 
 
 /-. C)n, 'Silver Giilch are also the Granite and Maud, owned by J. B. Vannetter, 
 c. L.. Clemans, S. W. Munger and A,.W. Hawks, on two ledges three and four 
 
MINING IN THE PACIPIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 1» 
 
 feet wide. The Granite Bhows eight Inches of white Iron and galena, assaylnR 
 $43 gold and silver In a forty-foot tunnel and thirty-foot shaft ''~j""b 
 
 o *^"c.* -A^"^'/""^ ledge of solid arHenlcal Iron ore which croHses the Summer 
 
 Fv?i'^L^n'^""*^*'''K"^.-^-.7''"I}^"'"'' ^- ^ "*^^»*« '^"'^ ^'- I- Clemans have 
 the New York, on which they have run a tunnel about twenty feet, showing 
 pre which runs from $15 to $17 In gold, silver and copper. The extension ol 
 the Summer Coon ledge also crosses this claim. 
 
 On a spm; of the mountain south of Silver Gulch Jasper Compton. J B 
 Vannetter, William M. Kltlell nnd A. W. Hawks have the PaVny, on a 
 twenty-foot ledge carrying a twenty-two-inch i ay streak of ore similar to 
 that of the Forty-flv.' Mine, on the Sultan side of the divide. This Is shown 
 up by an open cut thirty feet long, extended by thirty feet of tunnel. AssavB 
 range from $12 to $46 gold, silver and copper. 
 
 Across the gulcn from the Granite Is the Lula, owned by J. E. Bogardus 
 of Sidney. A tunnel ha.s been driven forty feet on the ledge and at its mouth 
 a shaft Is down thirty feet, showing eight inches of white Iron and galena, 
 assayin^r $43 gold and silver. 
 
 I'he Big Four group of seven claims has recently been Incorporated 
 by the Big Four Mountain Mining Company, which Is preparing for- 
 the soa.son'8 operations. The ledge Is twelve to fifteen feet wide be- 
 tween syenite hanging and granite foot wall, and runs through the summit 
 to the Sultan side, where the Forty-five group Is on the extension. The- 
 gangue Is blue elate and the pay streak, thirty Inches wide, carries galena, 
 antlmonlal silver and arsenical Iron, averaging about $50 In value, and th& 
 remainder of the ledge Is concentrating ore. This Is shown In a tunnel lOO- 
 feet long, with a depth of 150 to 200 feet, on the Pehakaole. A number of open 
 cuts (in the other claims show concentrating ore. 
 
 The Forty-five ledge Is believed to extend almost to the railroad, through 
 the Granite Mountain group, owned by the Granite Mountain Gold Mining 
 Company. It extends down a canyon on Marble Mountain and the cropplngs 
 show sixteen to forty feet of decomposed porphyry, carrying chalcopyrlte- 
 and Iron sulphides, a.ssaylng $6.40 to $12, across their whole width. A tunnel 
 will be driven on the ledge 100 feet. 
 
 On Marble Mountain, which forms the Sultan Divide at the head of the 
 east fork of Bender ( 'reek, D. C. and W. R. Brawley and W. J. Dean, of 
 Seattle, and W. W. Rhodes and Lou Myers have the Bell and Crown group*- 
 of seventeen claims, and have cut a Lrall to them, two and one-half mllea. 
 from the railroad, and will begin opening up the ore bodies this spring. Thre» 
 claims are on the main ledge, which crops iit least thirty feet, and at one point 
 eighty feet, wide between walls of porphyry and shale, the ledge matter being 
 quartz, though a large part of the ore Is mingled with the shale. The ore i*- 
 copper pyrites, carrying gold and silver, and the width of pay ore Is about 
 twelve feet, chiefly on the hanging wall, though the whole ledge Is well- 
 enough mi lerallzed to pay for concentration. The lowest assay was 10^^ per 
 cent, copper and $8 gold anv silver, and the total value has run up to over $.10. 
 On a cross ledge twelve feet wide, showing six feet of solid ore, are two 
 claims, and on another eighteen Caet wide, showing three feet of ore, l»- 
 another claim, while two more each have about two feet of ore. Another 
 claim has three feet of ore carrying copper, galena and alnc, which assays 
 $12 to $40 on the surface. 
 
 The Eclipse group of twenty-seven claims on iht pouth side of the river 
 will be developed this season by the RcUpse Mining Company. Three claims 
 are on the extension of the Independent ledge, which shows a streak of 
 arsenical Iron rich In gold. Another ledge covered by three claims runs 
 twelve to fourteen feet wide up Marble Gulch to the Sultan Divide, and 
 carries gold, silver and copper. The Little Giant ledpe, on which are three- 
 claims, runs north and south across the latter one and crops sixty feet wide, 
 containing bodies of sulphide ore which assay well in gold, silver and copper.. 
 Three claims #re on an east anti.west ledge crossing this one. The company 
 has two claims on Long Mountain showing five feet of copper sulphides in the 
 cropplngs. which assay $23 gold, silver and copper, and Is running a cross-cut 
 to tap this ledge. 
 
 The greatest showing on the north side of the river is on the Helena group, 
 on the divide between Deer and Clear Creeks, owned by the Deer Creek Gold 
 and Copper Mining Company, The iTest of the mountain is a line of jagged 
 cliffs, below which the granite Is exposed for several hundred feet down its 
 side. The cliffs and the mountain side below them are stained a l)rlght red 
 with the oxidized Iron and copper, and here a series of ledges was discovered 
 In 1894 by Louis I^undlin, Thomas Johnson and John Jackson. This group is 
 composed of six claims, making an area 4,500 feet long and 1,200 feet wide. 
 On Helena No. 1 are four distinct ledges, which have been traced to a width 
 langlng from twelve to fifty feet right through the mountain, and on the 
 Helena No, 2 there is .n single ledge 180 fe« t wide, clearly traceable through 
 the mountain. All carry chalcopyrlte with gold and silver, and in the ISO-foot 
 ledge are many large pay streaks, one of them twenty feet, as shown in a 
 cross-cut. The main tunnel, 720 feet below the summit, is in 124 feet, with 
 drifts sixty feet to the right and yeventy-two feet to thi left. Tlie latter cuts 
 a twenty-two foot ledge with an ei^^ht-foot pay streak. These drifts run IntQ 
 
nRSHilV 
 
 U MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTH WKST. 
 
 pBr.iIlel ledKes. shown up by tunnels IW and 100 feet lonK at a point 100 feet 
 nlKht>r. A tunnel hoB been Htarfed on the main ledno 1,000 feet below th« 
 main tunnel ami will be piiHhed abeiul to tap the ore body at depth. About 
 160 tons of ore from near the surface have been Hhlpiied to the Everett 
 ■melter, the first IflO tons refnrnInK $!!» to $H2 Kross. A WHKon road has been 
 made up Deer ("reek to the foot of the divide, where ore will be loaded from a 
 chute extendlnK to the mine l.fiOO feet ab(»ve. 
 
 The same company owns tlu' St. I.oulu and Jackson on a ledge which la 
 cut by Deer Creek, and have run a tunnel 127 feet, from whieli a winze haa 
 been sunk to another tunnel 104 feet long. Koth of these tunn 'N are In solid 
 ore, with pay streaks from elshteen to tblrty-slx Inches, an . • .ay of which 
 runs $20 gold. $23 silver and 30 per cent, copper. A cross-cut has been started 
 2r>0 feet below, which will tap the l^dge In 300 feet. This work l.s being done 
 by three power drills, with an air 'om|)res8or run by water power from a 
 Pelton wheel at a fall 175 feet high. This plant will be transferred to the 
 deep tunnel on the Helena group when the St. I.iOula ledge ha.« been tapped. 
 
 (in the extension of the Helena ledges across the divide between C^lear and 
 Martin Creeks the Three Sisters Mining Company has the '^hree Sisters group 
 of four claims, on which five men are driving a tunnel. At twenty feet this 
 Bhowed eighteen feet of ore. 
 
 The Glengarry Mining Company has the Glengarry group of nine claims 
 parallel with the Three Slater.s group, and is tunneling from the Martin Creek 
 Bide. It shows a forty-flve-lnch pay streak of gray copper ore, an average 
 ■ample of which assayed $4.20 gold. $140.70 sllvei. 
 
 The Helena Extension group of five claims, owned by the ? lena Exten- 
 sion Mining Company, Is on the Helena series of ledges and 1; helnt developed. 
 
 The Hannah group of elghi claims, owned by E. C. Hug- ,i. d Maurice 
 McMlcken, of Seattle, Is parallel with the Helena on the same seiies of ledges. 
 There la a surface showing of ore eighteen feet wide, and a forty-foot tunnel 
 on the hanging wall show.^ ore all through, assaying $7 to $10, mostly copper. 
 Thia tunnel la belrw? extended 100 feet and shows constant Improvement in the 
 ore, and two prospect holes higher on the ledge have shown ore worth $21 and 
 $23 respectively. 
 
 'the Nonpareil Mining Company has begun development on Its two claima, 
 on which the supposed southwest extension of one of the Helena ledges cropa 
 eight to twelve feet wide. . . . ^ 
 
 One of the most important recent deals was the bonding to Dennis Ryan, 
 of St. Paul, of the Bonanza Queen group of ten claims by J. F. Bender, 
 Z »W. liockwood and A. Sutherland. The main ledge, on which are four 
 claims, crops out sixty feet wide In a gulch running down I..ong Mountain to 
 Deer (^reek. Us course being from southeast to northwest. It can be seen 
 cutting across a lateral gulch into the mountain towards the north fork of 
 the Stillaguamlsh, Its course being clearly traceable wherever the rock Is 
 exposed A tunnel has been run forty-two feet and a cross-cut from It eleven 
 feet towards the wall Is all In ore, which carries chalcopyrlte as.saying 26 per 
 cent copper and upwards, besides gold and silver, arsenical Iron running $27 
 gold and 16 ounces silver, and black oxide of copper which assays as high as 
 44 per cent, copper. Another tunnel has been run fifty-five feet at a point 250 
 feet lower anc! showed ore until It was run to one side Into softer material, 
 with the Intention of cro.«s-cutting into the ore again. Three thousand feet 
 northwest of the upper tunnel another tunnel has been driven sixty feet In 
 ore In the ledge Is a streak of about six feet of crystallized Umo. carrying 
 mineral, and with the richest streaks on each side, which would be taken by 
 smelters for flux at a premium. On the Oregon parallel ledge on the east are 
 four claims of the same group. H Is nearly sixty feet wide, with several good 
 pay streaks of similar ore, and has been well exposed by a slide which 
 occur-ed last spring above the camp. A tunnel has been run twenty feet, 
 showinr,' veins of chalcopyrlte, black oxide and galena. The galena assays 
 $00 gold, ar.d surface ore taken above the tunnel assayed $27 gold. ItJ ounces 
 silver and 26 per cent, copper. On a cross ledge of white quartl fourteen feet 
 wide the same owners have another claim, on which a thirty-foot tunnel 
 shows two feet of .solid white iron ore. with some copper, as.saying 11 ounces 
 gold. There are several other good streaks beside that in the tunnel. On 
 another cross ledge twelve ftet between walls Is the tenth claim. In which a 
 thirty-foot tunnel shows a wide streak of white Iron rather less in value. 
 Mr. Ryan haa establlf.hed camp and ordered machinery, ready for vigorous 
 development, and is meanwhih^ running a cross-cut by manual labor. 
 
 On extensions of the Bonanza Queen and Oregon ledges D. K. Sutherland, 
 J. D. Sutherland and C. K. Anderson have four claims, which they have 
 bonded for $.'.0,000 for one year from December 1, 1896, to R. B. Symington, of 
 San Francisco, representing an English company. A tunnel run thirty-one 
 feet on a soft streak In the Stockton, from which a cross-cut will be made, 
 and shorter tunnels on the other claims, show ore bodies equal In size and 
 value to those of the Bonanza Queen group. 
 
 Op Long Mountain D. C and W. R. Brawley, W. J. Dean, W. W. Rhoden 
 and Lou Myers have the Copperhead group of nineteen claims, on a series of 
 seventeen ledges and stringers. The principal ledge is the Four Aces, on 
 which are four claims and which Is twenty-two feet wide, with a -pay streak 
 showlBg on the surface which in one place Is two Inches and widens in places 
 
MINING TN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 to flvft feet. The ore l.s copper pyrites, riinnliifr lower In copper but hlRher In 
 Kolil llian the (troup owned by tlio name pnrtleH iiero«« the river. asHiiyi 
 riiiiKliiK from JIO to $40 for all vuluen. Tne ("..pperhcad ledne, on which there 
 are four claims. BhowH four feet of the .nam" kt'id of ore, and the Idle .mHow* 
 two to Mix feet of ore carrying white Iron, wKh Rold and Hllvor, but little 
 copper. The bent ore In the (?roup l.s on the Sunbeam strlUKer, which Is eight 
 to ten Inches wide and ii.spnys $50 to $70, tncliidlr.t? 10 per cent, copper. 
 
 On the Four Aces ledRe OfHir^e H'>difliis iind A. W. Hawks, of Snohomtsb, 
 have the Mayflower and Loul.ne, on which they have bej-un work. 
 
 On the went end of Imwk Mountain H. (". Aiyerw and A. D. Sperrv have the 
 Dry Creek Rroup of four claims on a nine-foot ledge capped with serpentine, 
 In which there Is a twenty-four-inch pay streak of arsenical Iron assaying 
 J2 to $1 jrold and silver and a small percentage of copper. Rich float similar 
 to this Icdpe was found In the Kulch below It and assayed $400 Kold and silver. 
 On the extension of the OrcKon ledp:e C. H. Pack.ird. A. W. Hawks and 
 I). C. .1(1 nnon. of TOvcrctt. fiave the N< mo prroup of five claims on three 
 .«purs, nil runriInK Into the Oregon ledpc. They have run a tunnel 175 feet on 
 one spur, which Is white quartz carrylnjr arsenical Iron and copper pyrites, 
 their iiurr'ose helnjr to strike the ore Iwdy which crops oUt 200 feet above and 
 to cross-cut the Oreiron ledjre. The tunnel shows about three feet of ore In 
 spots, assays of which run fit<m $8 to $1.') prold. with very little silver and some 
 co|>per. The tunnel Is almost at the foot of the mountain, within 150 yarda 
 of the railroad, so ihat operations will be very cheap. 
 
 On one of these spurs J. II. James has the I^lly James and has traced the 
 ledfe'e from the footwall to a width of twenty feet. The whole width is more 
 or less mineralized and there are streaks cf white Iron assayluK $7 gold and 
 silver and upwards. A tunnel has been run eighty feet on the footwall. but 
 the ledpe has not yet been cross-cut. 
 
 Half a mile from the wapon road, on the rlRht fork of Deer Creek, la the 
 Colts proun of four claims, owned by Bert Horton and David McRae, on a 
 ledpe ten feet between walls with three feet of rich ore, and the remainder 
 concentrating. Near the summit are two tunnels, fourteen and sixteen feet, 
 on the ledge, and .3,000 feet below the summit a cross-cut Is In fifty-five feet 
 and will strike the ledpe at a depth of 100 feet In ten or fifteen feet more. 
 The ore Is chalcopyrlte, assaying 2fi per cent, copper, IS'/iS ouncea silver, $3.40 
 gold. A trail has been cut from the road and development Is In progress. 
 
 On the mountains overlooking Deer Lake the Deer Lake Mining Company 
 has a group of ten claims. The Wildcat, Otlllle and Granite are on a 
 ledge which runs across the divide to Marten Creek. The ledge Is four 
 feet wide, carrying chalcopyrlte clear across. A tunnel Is in sixty feel on the 
 Wildcat and another the same length on the other claims. On the mountain 
 southwest of the lake they have the Lakevlew on a six-foot ledge, shown up 
 by a forty-foot tunnel. On the Cameron and Homestake, which run acrosB 
 the head of the lake, they have a body of quartzlte sev?nty to ninety feet 
 wide, carrying white iron, and ara running a cross-cut. They are also cross- 
 cutting a ledge of black aulpljurets eighteen to twenty Inches wide on the 
 Highland, which Is above the Homestake, 
 
 On Clear Creek, beyond the Helena group, la the Grizzly group of four 
 I claims, owned by the CMear Creek Mining ("ompany. They have two ledges, 
 twenty-five and six feet wide, carrying hit^h-grade copper ore. Including 
 ch.alcopyrlte, blacK cxldi and bornlte. Aspays show from 25 to 45 per cent, 
 [copper, and the value In gold, silver and copper Is about $50. In the smaller 
 {ledge a twenty-four Inch pay streak Is being shown up by a shaft eighteen 
 [feet deep and tunnel, on which work Is now In progress, and the larger ledge 
 ishows several good streaks. This company Intends to extend the Deer Creek 
 [road over the divide to the ;">roperty, and Is erecting buildings and continuing 
 [the shaft. 
 
 Kxtendlng acrofis Clear Creek, .lust below this group. Is the Asbestos 
 
 group of six claims, located In a double line of three each by R C. Myers and 
 
 i Louis Calllhan last summer. Against a granite wall running northeast and 
 
 southwest Is a grfeat dike of talclc asbestos, varying from 30 to 150 feet wide, 
 
 [which stands up seventy-Hvc feet above the rock on each side. This material 
 
 Is used to give body to paper and specimen^ examined by .skilled men at the 
 
 [I.iOwell paper mill are pronounced superior to that brought from New York 
 
 {by that company. On the surface this material Is of a greenish tinge, but 
 
 [deeper down Is expected to be pure white, like the New York product. 
 
 JAgalnst this dike is a body of mineral apparently carrying nickel and cobalt, 
 
 (about 500 feet wide, and throughout Its width are large pockets of very tough 
 
 mbrous asbestos. The wall of this deposit Is a serpentine dike 150 to 400 feet 
 
 [Wide, In contact v/lth a hard black flinty slate. 
 
 j A .series of four or five parallel ledges of white quartz carrying chalco- 
 Ipyrlte and some galena has been traced from Marti-.n Creek across tiie 
 [mountain to Deer Creek. The principal ledge Is the Arlington, %vhlch shows 
 lup seventy feet wide on the Arlington claim and has been traced four miles 
 lacross Deer Creek, showing more or less mineral throughout. T/ie Arlington 
 land three other claims on the same ledge have been bought by tfie Marten 
 ICreek Gold and Copper Mining Company, which has bonded a majority of its 
 iBtock to Captain C. H. Thompson and others, of Spokane, on condition that 
 ithey continue development until May 1. A twenty-foot tunnel is all in 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 Bulphide ore assaying $12.60 gold, $6.20 .sllvfr and 35 per cent, copper, and 
 another tunnel, 1,000 feet below, Is sixty feet in decomposed rock, with 150 feet 
 further to drive before striking the solid formation. The same company ha» 
 a claim on another ledge four or five feet wide, in which a twenty-foot open 
 cut shows streaks of ore aggregating twenty inches, and assaying $11 gold 
 and 27 per cent, copper. The Climax and Knoxvllle, on the east of Deer 
 Creek, owned by Hugh Kennedy and others, and the Bunker Hill, further to 
 the east, owned by Charles Sperry and John McCartney, are also believed to 
 be on extensions of this ledge. 
 
 On a six-foot ledge parallel with the Arlington Joseph Crane and Thomas- 
 Wilson have the Baby Lode and its extension, on which they have run a 
 short tunnel. 
 
 On the west extension of this ledge is the Doubtful, which, with thfr 
 White Swan, on a parallel ledge, hbs been bonded by the Cascade Develop- 
 ment Company. A fifty-foot tunnel is being run on the White Sv.'an, which 
 is said to have assayed 200 ounces silver on the surface. 
 
 A recent rich discovery near the head of Marten Creek is the Now Seattle- 
 ledge, on which the original claim has lieen bonded by A. D. Sperry and F. F. 
 Randolph to Captain C. p. Thompson, of Spokane, who is tunneling on it. 
 It is seven feet wide, running northeast and southwest, and carrying anti- 
 monial silver and gray copper in a five-foot pay streak, assays of which 
 average 350 ounces of silver and $5.60 gold. A test car load shipment will be- 
 made shortly. 
 
 On the southwest extension are the four Consolidated claims, owned by 
 A. D. Sperry, R. C. Myers and Louis Calllhan. 
 
 The Bald Mountain Mining Company is developing the two Golden Chord 
 claims on the Arlington ledge and the Lakevlew extension on the New Seattle- 
 ledge. On the former a flfte«n-foot tunnel has shown a large body of" 
 Bulphides and .some galena, the cropplngs of which carry $7 to $9 gold, silver 
 and copper, but the solid formation lias not been reached. On the Lakevlew 
 extension a- forty-foot open cut and tunnel i.^ entering the solid formation, 
 the cropplngs assaymg $8.46 gold, silver and copper. 
 
 Parallel with the St. Louis ledge, on Marten Creek, are the Monitor anct 
 Sterling, owned by the Monitor and Sterling "".lining Company. This ledge- 
 Is six feet wide, with gangue similar to the New Seattle, mineralized the 
 whole wliith. with thirty inches of ore carrying gray copper and copper 
 pyrites. TMs is shown Ir a twenty-font tunnel, which will be immediately 
 extended fifty feet, giving a depth of 100 feet. 
 
 On the divide between Peri-j' Creek and Falls Creek and extending down 
 both of those streams Is the Eureka group of fifteen claims and three mill- 
 sites, nwne.i ^y the Perry Creek Mining Company, distant from one to six 
 miles from iio railroad. One ledge is over 100 feet wide and has cropplngs or 
 copper pj'-iteF assaying !• to 15 per cent, copper, 4 to 38 ounces silver andt 
 |1 gold, nil which a lOO-foot tunnel is being driven. Another claim is on a 
 large body of ore shown by a small tunnel and assaying 9 per cent, copper, 
 4 ounces silver and a trace of gold. xV tunnel has been started on another 
 well-defined ledge of concentrating ore twelve feet wide extending through 
 two claims. A ten-foot tunnel Is on a ledge of chalcopyrlte fifty-four inches, 
 between walls, assaying 19 to 26 per cent, copper, 5 to V ounces silver and a. 
 trace of gold. A tunnel has been started on two ledges four feet each, 
 showing good bodies of chalcopyrlte. the cropplngs of which assay 14 to 30 
 per cent, copper, in to 25 ounces silver and a trace of gold. A ledge extending- 
 through three claims has sixteen feet of concentrafing ore carrying Pnf»- 
 granied steel ^'alena and copper pyrites and averaging 4 per cent, coppeiv 
 $3 goki and sliver and 3 nor cent. lead. A tunnel has penetrated seventv feet, 
 showing continued Improvement, and Is being extended. Three other claims 
 are on a largo led,ge, of which the cropplngs show a good-sized pay streak of 
 concentrating ore, carrying galena, sulphides and gray co!)nei-. which will be 
 struck at a depth of eighty-five feel Ijy a twenty-foot tunnel when it has been 
 driven ter feet further. 
 
 ExteneUng from the head of the west fork of Coal Creek down to the 
 railroad is the Double Kaglc group of four quartz and eight placer claims, 
 owned by the Double Ragle Mining C^ompany. The quartz claims are on a 
 ledge of free milling ore varying from fifteen to forty feet in width, assavs of 
 which range all the way trom $1 to $20 and average about $8. The placers are 
 on sevenil small tributaries of Coal Crp<'k which wash the ledge. 
 .>• .^ J*""*" '^^'^ ^'ff V^^ar. owned by the Big Bear Mining Companv, on the 
 divide between ( lear nnn< Cmyon Creeks, four miles bv tr;<n frorr "tho r.-iil- 
 road, have a ledge 100 fe-r wide between walls, running "a little north of west 
 «r«, T ?I '''"J^- .. ^' "ontains a number of streaks of peacock copper, 
 carrying gold and silver r.nnging in wldtn from four to thirty inches, from 
 the surface of one of which twenty assays averaged $9 gold. $7 silver. 
 7,V.^ .' \^"y*" ^r^ run liftv fret ..n the widest and twonty-flve feet on fht 
 •ni hH,; '■,^" "♦'": ^r^ ';"r~" '^"" "•'f'f^"'<l ^<^ ten in<>he«. This cross-cut 
 Z\V ^,ni "ilf"**?^ ^° ^^P, ''^'^ ^^^^^- w*^*'^*' ^'"1 'ie defined by drifting. A cross- 
 ledg^al den?.. '■"'' ''■'"" ^^^ Canyon Creek side of the divide to tap tha 
 
 On a ledge runnin ,' r p the mountain at the mouth of Gordon Creek, irom 
 
pper, and 
 th 150 feet 
 ipany ha» 
 •foot open 
 g %n gold 
 t of Deer 
 further to 
 lelleved to 
 
 A Thomas- 
 ive run a 
 
 with the- 
 ! Develop- 
 an, which 
 
 ;w Seattle- 
 and F. P. 
 Ing on it. 
 y^lng: antl- 
 of which 
 nt will bfr 
 
 owned by 
 
 aen Chord 
 ?w Seattle- 
 » body of 
 old, sUvf^r 
 Lakevlew 
 'ormation^ 
 
 jnitor ancfr 
 rhis ledge- 
 alized the 
 nd copper 
 [mediately 
 
 3ing down 
 hree mill- 
 one to six 
 oppin^s of 
 silver and? 
 m is on a 
 It. copper, 
 in another 
 g through 
 our inches. 
 Iver and a 
 feet each, 
 ly 14 to 3» 
 extend ing^ 
 ■ylnp: finp- 
 it. (Xippei, 
 verity feet, 
 hiM- claims 
 ' streak of 
 ich win be 
 t has been 
 
 wn to thet 
 3er claims, 
 s are on a 
 , HHsays of 
 plMcers are 
 
 .ny, on the 
 r th" rall- 
 •th of west 
 ck copper, 
 chea. from 
 |7 silver, 
 eet on Jh*. 
 i cross-cut 
 , A cross- 
 to tap the- 
 
 reek, from 
 
-i.j-~».».»i_ ^.. ■ill<llll»Hlllllllll.u 
 
 THC PACiFrc N0H1HWE9T 
 
 .'j^MMMI^ 
 
*t •BOUf 
 
 SnuTAtuo 
 
 BED BEAD 
 
 joNza 
 couiuconA 
 
 . AI.CUTKUT 
 
 B. vninv 
 
 » aiivEBriAB. 
 
 10 PHSLPS OLAOzaa 
 
 11 CCDAB. 
 
 12. BBMLOOK 
 
 13. LITTUE nsm 
 
 14. lOllHIT 
 ID. OPTION. 
 
 15. oBANrrs MTU awovr. 
 IT. coLomus. 
 
 IS. mo oopPBa. 
 
 10 A. w. HAwxa oaooe 
 
 aa TiHBZiuuirc. 
 
 »i. ■AanuBura 
 
 22. L. * H 
 
 !3. T. ft ■. 
 
 34. MOBAWS. 
 
 29 I,n.A BUtO 
 
 IM. ADELAIOK 
 
 «7. SADIl 
 
 as. LUC1. 
 
 -" KINiaE 
 
 LODOA 
 
 ABOO. 
 .'!& OLOJIK 
 33. SAUL. 
 aj. iULTAM. 
 3». HARD r ' 
 !M. SADIE. 
 3T. KFLENA 
 .'<& BEENEB 
 SO. KKI,X.r 
 
 40. Hiuia. 
 
 41. BLACK DIAHOVO 
 OEASB OKOOir 
 K>T0 
 
 44. BATDXR oaoor 
 
 45. sojfNT sotma 
 
 40. «M HIti. 
 
 4T. OUBAT HOnTBSKB 
 
 46. BOBSESHOB. 
 
 40 5TI0KITSY OROIXr. 
 
 *o ni<HWN -mB^iiunc 
 
 Monte Cristo. 
 
 «. MnOffT 
 
 3. rjio. 
 PBLIOAS. 
 
 Dwarf 
 
 Kiiihvajs.' 
 Wiiffon RnHfl.s. 
 
 TraHs 
 
 Hiinimit liinex. 
 
 ^^tr^^ 
 
I 
 
 MI 
 
 point only 150 1 
 lany has the Wj 
 Tide between wa 
 the surface ore i 
 Bid copper. The 
 Fall from the ba 
 fold and silver a 
 The estimatec 
 hauling to the n 
 
 total cost of $11 
 a degree varyl 
 
 ily additional oc 
 
 This district 
 baying placer di 
 llacers have dwa 
 If the several foi 
 
 The route to 
 
 lailroad to Siilta 
 
 Aaliey, and the i 
 
 Iho head of the 
 
 Julian, while otl 
 
 Ihe same distanc 
 
 |o the east fork c 
 
 mother road ru 
 
 tnd a trail conti 
 
 Jortliern from S 
 
 liles, and to the 
 
 le road would i 
 
 IrodPction has rr. 
 
 The cliaractei 
 )istriet, of whlcl 
 tiut carrying goh 
 iide with the gre 
 k high-grade gi 
 iistricl is granlt 
 ledges bearing g 
 petween walls of 
 jrphyrltic syenl 
 Silver Creek, an 
 topper pyrites ar 
 
 Until the yeai 
 
 lone by the Still 
 
 troup of eight n; 
 
 Ihese claims, tw 
 
 ?hich runs up tli 
 
 Copper Lake, ■> 
 Ireatest in the C 
 
 feet wide and 
 tOOO feet up Littl 
 |as b(cn traced 
 
 ain working tu) 
 If snowslides, hf 
 Ire in ore. It h 
 leven feet to the 
 leet above, runs I 
 feet to the left, r 
 forty-six feel. A 
 tunneling is in oi 
 the mountain by 
 |)oint 200 feet hif 
 ligh-grade ore, p 
 copper pyrites, a 
 running much h 
 jobalt, the led; e 
 fcnd Silver Pea. ■ 
 /ide in an opei 
 |ln a forty-foot tu 
 
 The company 
 
 scale. It has 2,0< 
 
 below the foot o 
 
 |pipe line leading: 
 
 railroad twenty-; 
 
 i^*.* jaafcl*afaVffifti ffhir 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEaT. 
 
 a 
 
 point only 150 feet from the railroad, the Gordon Creek Gold Mining Com- 
 lany has the Wad, Bullet and Hope. The ledpe is twelve to fourteen feeV. 
 7ide between walls of syenite and serpentine and is traceable for 4,500 feet, 
 [he surface ore is sulphides and arsenical iron and assays from $2 to $39 gold 
 aid copper. The company has driven a tunnel thirty-flve feet on the hanging 
 Jail from the base of the mountain, which has ore in the face assaying |15 
 |old and silver all the way across. 
 
 The estimated cost of mining the wider ledges In this district Is $1 a ton, 
 Jauling to the railroad four or five miles $2, railroad freight $2, smelting $is, 
 
 total cost of $11. Concentration will reduce all of these costs except mining 
 1 ;i degree varying with the ratio in which the ore will concentrate, and the 
 Jnly additional cost would be about $1 a ton for concentration. 
 
 THE SULTAN. 
 
 This district had until six years ago the reputation of being one of th« 
 laying placer districts of the Cancade Range, but during that period the 
 llacers have dwarfed beside the developments of quartz near the headwaters 
 If the several forks and their tributaries. 
 
 Tlie route to the mineral belt from Seattle is by the Great Northern 
 lailroad to Sultan, lifty-flve miles; thence by wagon road six miles to Happy 
 7^alie.v, and the rest of the distance by horse trail. The main trail runs to 
 |ho head of the noriti fork, a total distance of twenty-three miles from 
 Sultan, wliile other trails 'branch off up the middle fork and up Elk Creek, 
 
 le same distance from Suilan in each case, while another trail branches oft 
 
 ) ilie east fork of Olney Creek, a total distance from Sultan of sixteen miles. 
 
 iLUother road runs along the left bank of tlie ma;n stream for seven miles 
 ^nd a trail continues up the river to the forks. Tne distance by the Great 
 
 Jorthern from Sultan to the nearest smelter, at Everett, Is only twenty-two 
 
 I'.Ks. ;inii lu the Taooma smelti r ninety-six miles, and thus the extension ot 
 \i\e road would settle the transportation problem for the present, or until 
 
 rodnction has made such progress as to furnish traffic for a railroad. 
 
 The cliaracteristlc ores of this district aie like tliose of liie Sliiiaguamiah 
 district, of which belt this is the southward extension, rich mainly in copper, 
 but carrying gold and sliver, with nickel and cobalt in places. But side by 
 ie wltli the greatest copper deposit at the head of the north fork is a ledge 
 if high-i^rade gold and silver ore. The formation In this section of the 
 Ji.stricl is granite, like that of the Stiilaguamish side of the divide, but th« 
 
 Ml>^^es bearing gold and sliver across the basin are in a blue slate gangue 
 bi'iween walls of talcose schist. In the middle fork basin thai formation Is 
 
 )rphyrlllc syenite, which forms a contact with the granite and diorite ot 
 
 liver Creek, and the ledges are In true fissures In the syenite, carrying 
 ])per pyrites and gold. 
 Until the year 1896 the most active work on the north fork basin had been 
 ione by the Stiilaguamish and Sultan Mining Company on tht Little Chief 
 Irroup of eight mineral claims, with two mllisites in the valley below. Six ot 
 these claims, two of which are patented, are on a ledge of great width, 
 
 iThich runs up the side of bittle Chief Mountain and over its summit, almost 
 (,'opper Lake, which is drained by Copper Creek. The outcrop Is one of the 
 
 reatest in the Cascades, being a cliff of chalcopyrite about 300 feet high and 
 BO feet wide and showing for BOO feet along the lengtii of the K-dge, at a point 
 LOOO feet up Little Chief Mountain In Boflder Canyon, up which the deposit 
 
 as bten traced for 700 or 800 feet. The lower level, whirn Is designed for a 
 ain working tunnel, as its location avoids the Phelps Glacier and all danger 
 If snowslides, has beerj driven WO feet, of which the Itsl seventy-nine feet 
 [re m ore It has been turned thirty-four feet to the left and again forty- 
 leven feet to the right, across a number of stringers. The upper ieNel, 265 
 leet above, runs Into the ledge at right angles thlrty-Hv3 feet, turns forty-five 
 feet to the left making a cross-cut to the north wall and then follows it for 
 lorty-six feet. Another cross-out runs forty-four feet to the right. Ail this 
 tunneling is In ore. The ore body has also been located 120 feet further into 
 ihe mountain bv 1,200 feet of diamond drill holes. On the south wall, at a 
 bolnt 200 feet higher, another drift has been run twenty feet, also in very 
 iigii-giad(^ ore, proving the ore body to be at least 123 feet wide. The ore is 
 'opper pyrites, averaging about $12 in gold, .silver and copper, at some points 
 j-unning much higher In copper and at certain points carrying nick.l and 
 f'ohaU the Uni- e matter being slate mixed in places with quartz. The Stepto 
 tiiid Silver Pea • are on a parallel ledge to the north, which shows eight feet 
 fvvide in an opei cut on the latter claim and has eighteen Inches of solid or© 
 in a forty-foot tunnel on the former. 
 
 The company has made preparations to develop the property on a large 
 .scale. It has 2,000 horse-power in Copper Creek, which has a fall of 1,000 feet 
 iielow the foot of Copper Lake, and has made a rock cut in which to lay a 
 pipe line leading to the mlllsites below. A survey has also been made for a 
 railroad twenty-six miles long from Sultan, on the Great Northern Railroad, 
 
M 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 to the foot of Little Chief Mountain. This road would not only carry the 
 traffic of the Little Chief, but that of the middle fork. Elk Basin and Olney 
 Creek mines, and would develop the splendid body of timber In the Sultan 
 Basin. 
 
 The first mine to ship ore from this district was the rich Forty-flve, on the 
 opposite side of the north fork basin, now owned by the Forty-flve Consoli- 
 dated Mining Comi)any. The group consists of eighteen claims, four of 
 which are on the' Deupree ledge, running parallel with the divide, beside* 
 forty acres for tramway terminals in the Sultan Valley and forty acre.s for 
 the same purpose in the Stlllaguamish Valley. Development has been vigor- 
 ously prosecuted since the organization of the company in April. 1890. and has 
 shown the property to be one of great value. The principal ledge extends for 
 over a mile through six claims and runs east and west between walls of 
 talcose schist, the gangue being blue slate, quartz and talc. On the Deupree 
 Brothers, l.f'OO feet above the camp, it crops out eighteen feet wide in a gorge 
 with walls about fifty feet high, formed by the wearing down of the ore by a 
 small stream pouring througli It and deeply stained with Iron leached out of 
 the ore. The slide rock in the gorge is nearly all ore, and. If there were a 
 wagon road to Sultan, a car load could easily be picked up on the surface 
 rich enough to ship at a profit. From here this ledge has been traced over the. 
 surface for 1,500 feet, and a tunnel run on the hanging wall for fifty feet Is in 
 ore, the Intention being to cross-cut from It. On the adjoining claim a tunneF 
 has been run 163 feet In the hanging wall, with a cross-cut to the footwall. 
 This shows on the hanging wall an elghteen-lnch streak of solid ore carrying, 
 white Iron, cooper sulphurets and galena, which runs about $30 gold and 
 silver. On the footwall Is thirty to forty Inches of decomposed quartz and' 
 talc, which Is good concentrating ore, averaging about $8 gold and silver, and 
 Is so soft that it can be very cheaply mined with pick and shovel. 
 
 The development of the Forty-five was begun in the spring of 1896, where 
 the ore crops ten Inches wide about 400 feet below the summit. A tunnel wa» 
 driven 140 feet on (he ledge, wit'i a cross-cut of thirty-five feet, showing two 
 pay streaks which aggregate fourteen inches at the narrowest and six feet 
 at the widest point. The gangue Is mainly dark blue slate, veined with quarts 
 and considerable talc, and carries galena, white iron and gray copper. At the 
 face of the cross-cut a shaft was sunk twenty feet In order to get the work- 
 ings deep enough below the water which (lows over the ledge In the gulch. 
 A cross-cut was then run to the ledge, which was followed, widening and 
 Improving In quality, with showings of ruby sliver. The ledge carries three 
 grades of ore, running about $100, ?30 and $8 -espectively, In gold, sliver and 
 lead. The first car load of high-grade or^ comprised fourteen tons, and 
 returned 135.8 ounces of silver, .76 of an ounce of gold, and V^ per cent, of 
 lead, paying $1,222.85 over freight and treatment. The second car load returned 
 about $109 a ton. The ore Is carried down the mountain by a temporary 
 tramway of hempen rope 2,000 feet long, but surveys have be<;n made for 
 permanent tramways from both the Forty-flve and Deupree Brothers to the 
 millslte, and also across the range to the Everett & Monte Cristo Railroad 
 near Silverton, over a route 13,000 fctt long. A cross-cut 232 feet long tappet) 
 the Forty-five ledge 175 feet below the present tunnel, showing six to eight 
 Inches of high-grade ore on the hanging wall, which assayed $S1.30 gold and 
 102 ounces silver. At 214 f' ot this tunnel ptruek a stringer of gray copper and 
 galena ten to fourteen Inches wide, carrying $1.54 gold and silver. 
 
 Preparations have also been made to erect a concentrator for reduction of 
 the low grade ore at the proposed tramway terminus. The company worked 
 twelve men throughout the winter on the cross-cut, has left $10,000 worth of 
 ore on the dump ready for concenlralion and has spent $19,000 on the property 
 so far. 
 
 A thousand feei below the outlet of Copper I-aice Is the Cornucopia group 
 or fovr (■laims on two ledges of ore similar to tnac ol the Forty-five mine, 
 owmyl by Peter L. Trout and others. One of these ledges crosses the Forty- 
 flve and shows eighteen to thirty inches of ore in a thirty-foot tunnel, 
 carrying galera and sulphuret.s. while a surface cut above shew^'d five feet 
 •ii.fo^ 1^' ^''l*^ ?; ""'® ^'^''^^ carbonate. An assay from the surface showed 
 * J^..?^!A ',T^-'*" ^''vt'r, while as the tunnel progressed assays first of $28.90 gold 
 and $9 to sliver, then of %r,H for both values were obtained. White iron then 
 came in on the hanging wall and ran $Ki.;;0 geld, $2..-0 sliver. The other ledge 
 ;n,^!?r^9P ° '^°"'' {'^^} ^:J'^^' assaying $4,13 gold, $10.40 silver; $4.13 gold, $26.10 
 
 %}.l • ^'ViF,®'", '^f"^- ^^^^' '^^" *™' all values. Only surface work has been 
 done on this ledge. 
 
 t>,«'^.,^°^.;°"K°/ .'ir*' S'"^,'*''"' fo ^he Little Chief has be«>n discovered towards 
 the summit of Ha 1 s Peak and on It R. M. Burnet. John Erlck.son and otners 
 have located the ( olumhus group of four claims and have run a short tunnel. 
 rrJ!?.^ . ® south side of the .same peak a .similar blow-out. capped with copper 
 m.l. °V'i ^''"eath which the principal values are copper and cobalt, with a 
 son .ff"/ rnntf r'"' Y^"" '"■r?.*''"?,'] '^^^ summer. On this George W. Ander- 
 
 Bit- Pnn;ir^?J^/°'lP1'"v,^?^- ^ *'»"'^ ^' «"^' W. H. Ward, of Snohomish, the 
 Of the deposit ' "° ^ ^""^ ^^^ *'''''" ''^"^ ^° <^®""^ ^^« extent 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. M 
 
 Prospecting on the middle fork dates back to about the year 1889, but most 
 iiiocatlons were abandoned on account of their Inaccessibility. Among the few 
 claims which have been held up to the present time by the original locators 
 are the Sultan Nos. 1 and 2, owred by E. R. Krueger, William Blggers and 
 A. W. Hawks. They are on a ledge. on Sheep Gap Mountain, which crops out 
 elgl teen feet wide, carrying copper pyrites and gray copper. A tunnel has 
 been run forty feet, In ore all the way, with ore also on both sides. Assays 
 shov ii" per cent, copper, $23 gold, $6 silver, and it Is estimated that the ore will 
 concentrate 5 into 1. On what is believed to be an extension of this ledge up 
 the mountain Robert and William R. Blggers have the Hard Pass, on which 
 they have run a tunnel ten feet, showing good ore of the same kind. On the 
 divide between the middle fork of the Sultan and Elk Creek W. R. Blggers 
 and Ben James in August, 189(5, discovered a small outcrop of copper pyrites 
 in a slide to be a five-foot ledge carrying three feet eight inches of copper 
 pyrites, with a little black oxide of copper, there being an inch of talc gougue 
 on each wall. An average sample assayed $6.05 gold, 1^4 ounces .silver, 16 per 
 cent, copper. 
 
 On the same divide R. A. Vaughn and D. B. Taylor In January, 1895, 
 rclcoated the Helena and Sadie on two abandoned claims having three parallel 
 ledges running nearly cast and west netween walls of porphyritlc syenite. 
 Two of the ledges are thirty inches wide, with'au eighteen- inch pay streak, 
 and the third Is six feet wide, with a forty-inch pay streak, all of copper 
 pyrites carrying gold and silver. The large vein crops out for 120 feet and is 
 traceable for 2,000 feet, and the middle one crops out for 300 feet. Assays have 
 shown $8 to $10 gold, 16 to 20 per cent, copper. Adits have been run on tne 
 several ledges eight to eleven feet. 
 
 The Great Northern group of three claims, which Is being developed by 
 M. Sheehan, W. D. Simp.son and J. H. Wilson under a bond from Thomas 
 Lockwood and C. D. Brownlleld, is on a great contact ledge running up 
 the mountain from the bank of Sultan River, ten miles from Sultan and 
 three miles by trail beyond the end of the road. The ledge is In a contact 
 between a bastard granite footwall and porphyry and slate hanging wall, and 
 gradually widens from sixty feet close to the river to seventy feet at the top 
 of the ridge, at 3,300 feet greater elevation, its course being north by east and 
 south by west. The whole width of ledge matter appears to be well mincial- 
 ized throughout with fine-grained pyrites bf Iron and copper, as shown in a 
 tunnel running 150 feet on the footwall, giving a depth of eighty feet, and 
 another forty-seven feet on the hanging wall, both tunnels being in ore all the 
 way, and in a sixteen-foot shaft. Assays have ranged from $6 to $87 gold, sH- 
 ; ver and copper, and an average of six different assays was $32 gold, $1.76 silver, 
 $3.45 copper. The footwall tunnel la being driven thirty feet further and the 
 ledge will then be cross-cut. 
 
 The placer mines of the Sultan extend upward from the Horseshoe Bend, 
 , which is six miles by road and trail from Sultan City. This form of mining 
 [■dates back nearly thirty years to 1868, when Thomas Lockwood and Jamea 
 Harris took out as much as $30 a day. They were followed by Chinamen, 
 jwho worked with rocker and cradle. Tradition has It that two sailors took 
 I $6,000 in one season from the Sailors' Bar, and that Lawrence Hanson, of 
 1 Everett, cleaned up $1,200 in one summer. Several parties of men are still 
 [working and average about $1.50 a day per man. 
 
 The largest enterprise of this kind has been cai'rled on during the year 
 
 1896 by the Horseshoe Bend Mining Company on 157 acres of patented ground, 
 
 Ihalf-encircled by the bend in the river from which the company takes its 
 
 lame. Here Is the clearest evidence of the nature of the gold-bearing deposit. 
 
 In the hollow of the bend is a bar 50 to 150 high, and similar bars extend along 
 
 Ithe banks for some distance up the river. In making this bend the stream 
 
 leftters a box canyon formed by a deep Assure in the bedrock and Is here 
 
 lapparently fathomless. The explanation of this canyon appears to be that 
 
 ■some natural convulsion split the rock and opened this new channel and that 
 
 Ithe river then left the higher bed now forming the bars and swept its way 
 
 Idown through the fissure. The high bar in the hollow of the bend is com- 
 
 Iposed of cement gravel, boulders and sand, with streaks of blue clay, all 
 
 tcharact eristic of river wash. 
 
 In the quite reasonable belief that the deep hole In the box canyon had 
 
 Iformed a depository for great quantities of gold washed from the gravel, the 
 
 Ifirst owners of this property, the Sultan River Miring Company, in 1889 and 
 
 11890 out a tunnel seven feet' wide and 800 feet long across the bend and turned 
 
 Ithe river into it for the purpose of emptying and working the present channel, 
 
 Ithe work costing $4u.OOO. Soon after the river had been turned into it the 
 
 Itunnel was choked wi'h boulders and driftwood by a great flood and the work 
 
 [was abandoned until it was taken up again in the spring of 1S96 by the new 
 
 Icompany. The latter has made one and one-half miles of ditch and flume 
 
 tfrom Marsh Creek, with a fall of 100 feet and a possible fall of 700 feet, laid 
 
 1600 feet of eight-inch pipe and Installed a hydraulic giant, fitted for nozzles 
 
 franging from one and one-half to four Inches In diameter, which wa.^hes the 
 
 lirt into a thirty-foot sluice box over five pole and one Hungarian riffles. 
 
 The boulders are" removed by a derrick and the debris is discharged into the 
 
 tunnel. Into which two-thirds of the river has been turned by the clearing of 
 
H MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 Its course. At the point where work la In proRresB the dirt Is being washed 
 down to bedrock, which Is from eight to eighteen feet below the surface. 
 The whole depth pays from 25 to 40 cents a yard, but the best dirt Is two feet 
 of blue clay near the surface and some streaks of cement gravel. The gold is 
 found in rough pieces ranging from 25 cents to $1 each, sometimes with pieces 
 of quartz attacht-d, and at times bits of native silver and copper ranging in 
 size from a plnhead to a kernel of wheat are found. The old company took 
 out $1 2U0 during a temporary suspension of work on the tunnel. Tne present 
 company Intends to turn the whole stream Into the tunnel by damming the 
 present channel, and to pump out the canyon and work the dirt 'n its bed, 
 a gasoline engine and centrifugal pump having been already provided for this 
 
 Four miles up Wallace River, wl'lch flows into the Skykomlsh four miles 
 above Sultan, J. F. Wash and Charlt s Myers have the Gold Bar and Elmo on 
 a ledse sixteen or seventeen feet wiile, running across the river. There is a 
 two-foot streak of galena ore on each wall, assaying .$44 to $102 si'ver and 
 lead, with a little gold, but a twenty-seven foot tunnel shows copper pyrites 
 
 *'°"At nresent the mines of the north fork of the Sultan find their outlet to 
 transportation by trails over Marble Pass to Silverton, about four and one- 
 half miles Th<- nature of the country, however, makes the Sultan Valley 
 their natural outlet and the extension of the wagon road would open this 
 route, while a railroad is by no means a remote pobslbility. 
 
 SILVER CHEEK. 
 
 Though among the first discovered, one of the richest as regards the size 
 and value of its ore bodies, and one of the most accessible, this has hitherto 
 been among the most backward districts in the Cascade Range. This fact is 
 due to a variety of causes. It was discovered at a time when attention was 
 centered on real estate and men who had property of that kind for sale went 
 out of their way to discourage the diversion of capital into mining ventures. 
 At that time little was known of the character of the mineral belt of th& 
 Cascade Mountains, and mining engineers scoffed at the ores of this region 
 as low grade and refractory, and declared that the formation was so broken 
 that it was Impossible to trace the ore bodies to any d^pth. The attention ot 
 prospectors was at that time centered on silver-lead and f'-^e milling gold 
 ores, so that thev passed by the ledges of sulphide ore heavily capper! with 
 oxidized Iron, which they found towards the mouth of the creek, and went 
 on nearer its source, where they found galena. Thus It was that the creek 
 received the misnomer "Sliver," and, when the fall in the price of silver 
 caused depression in mining for that metal, the camp was almost deserted 
 and many of the earlier locations were abandoned. Later discoveries and 
 developments have proved that it is not a silver, but a gold and copper camp, 
 and that the formerly despised iron caps cover ledges as rich as those which 
 carry silver. This discovery is due mainly to the riches unearthed from 
 beneath similar iron caps across the boundary. The mining world has now | 
 formed a true estimate of the character and value of the ores and develop- 
 ment has been resumed with such vigor that the camp will this year have 
 renewed life. ' 
 
 As a glance at the map will show, this district is the extension of the j 
 mineral belt southward from Monte Crlsto, where the greatest development 
 In the Cascade Range has been done. It is reached from Seattle by the Great j 
 Northern Railroad train to Index, seventy-one miles, thence by the coui|ty ' 
 road up the Skykomlsh north fork to Galena, at the mouth of Silver Creek, j 
 a distance of nine miles. From that point a horse trail leads up the creek to ] 
 Silver Lake, on the Monte Ci sto Divide, a distance of seven miles, with 
 branch trails to the different properties along the route. The county com- 
 missioners have begun the extension of the road from Galena to Mineral City, 
 four miles above the mouth of the creek, and will probably complete it thi» j 
 year. The distance from Index to the nearest smelter, at Everett, is only] 
 thirty-eight miles, and to the Tacoma smelter 112 miles. 
 
 The country rock of this district is mainly granite, which crops out above L 
 Index and in several places in the creek beds of the Silver Creek Basin, where 
 the surrounding mountains are mostly composed of syenite and diorlte. 
 Silver Tip Mountain i^ mostly composed of diorlte, cut by dikes of porphyry 
 which often reach a width of 200 feet, and this rock extends down the creek 
 about to Mineral City. The granite extends onward under the glaciers of 
 Monte Cristo and crops out again in the Goat Lake District. The granite is 
 alternated with strata of slate on the lower part of the course of Silver Creek. 
 This formation is cut by mineral ledges in true Assures, which run a little 
 ■outh of east and north of west, and by a series of cross ledges of later date 
 nmnlng east of north and west of south and intersecting the older ledge,?. 
 Near the h«^d of the creek the ore is copper and iron sulphides carrying goH 
 »nd silver, but as the mineral belt is followed down the creek silver-bearing 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 ft 
 
 p waahecl 
 e surface. 
 H two feet 
 
 he gold Is 
 rlth pieces 
 •anging In 
 pany took 
 ne itresent 
 nmlng the 
 
 n Its bed, 
 ed for this 
 
 four miles 
 d Elmo on 
 There Is a 
 si'ver and 
 )ei- pyrites 
 
 r outlet to 
 and one- 
 tan Valley 
 open this 
 
 da the size 
 as hitherto 
 This fact Is 
 entlon was 
 r sale went 
 g ventures, 
 belt of the 
 this region 
 3 so broken 
 ittentlon ot 
 nllllng gold 
 ;appcfl wUh 
 L, and went 
 it the creek 
 ce of silver 
 )8t deserted 
 overles and 
 3V)per camp, 
 those which 
 Lrthed from 
 :ld has now 
 nd develop- 
 3 year have I 
 
 islon of the { 
 ievelopment 
 )y the Great | 
 the county 
 lUver Creek, 
 the creek to ] 
 miles, with 
 !ounty com- ! 
 lineral City, 
 plete It thl»| 
 rett. Is only 
 
 )s out above [ 
 Jasln, where- 1 
 and dlorlte. 
 or porphyry | 
 m the creek 
 ! glaciers of 
 le granite 1» 
 311ver Creek. ' 
 run a little] 
 :)f later date I 
 Dlder ledges, 
 arrylng goU 
 ilver-bearlniT 
 
 galena appears, as In the Morning Star, and In the Vandalla and Lockwood 
 ;group9. Silver and lead predominate In this form, gold and copper taking 
 second place. Within half a mile below the Vandalla, however, the character 
 of the mineral again changes, and in the Michigan group, the Anaconda and 
 Oro Flno, gold and copper take first place and lead and silver are tne lower 
 values. The ledges generally contain pay streaks of high enough value to be 
 profitably shipped to the smelter if the wagon road were extended to Sliver 
 tiake. and In almost every instance the whole ledge is well enough mineralized 
 to pay for concentration. 
 
 The first mineral location of which there is any record was the Norwegian, 
 made in 1874 by Hans Hansen, who carved the name and date on a tree, 
 showing that the claim ran up the mountain on the left bank from a point 
 500 feet above the forks of the creek. Shortly afterward a man named 
 Johnson discovered a cropping of iron pyrites on the bank of the creek and, 
 mistaking it for gold, located the Anna. He then carried the news to 
 Snohomish, causing a stampede among the loggers all along his route, and 
 Induced E. C. Ferguson, Theron Ferguson, Lot Wilbur and W. M. Whitfield 
 to spend $2,000 or J.%00O on building an arrastre on the present site of Mineral 
 City. They produced a piece of amalgam about the size of a goose egg, which 
 was stolen by one of their employes, and they abandoned the experiment. 
 
 Prospecting really began in 1882, when the late Ellsha H. Hubbart cut a 
 trail to Galena, relocated the Anna, with the Trade Dollar on the extension 
 and the Morning Star on a parallel ledge to the north. Discoveries then 
 followed one another in rapid succession, until in 1890 there was quite a boom, 
 and the towns of Mineral City and Galena were established, a trail having 
 been meanwhile cut through. It was during the four succeeding years that 
 the road was cut from Inuex to Galena, partly by the county and partly by 
 the miners. 
 
 The group on the divide between Sliver Creek and Monte Cristo, adjoining 
 the most southerly claims in the latter district, is the Silver Lake, composea 
 of six claims, with a mlllsite in Monte Cristo, owned by the Silver Lake 
 Mining and Smelting Company. A ledge cutting through Silver Tip Mountain 
 towards the lake Is three to four and one-half feet and is covered by three 
 claims. A tunnel 150 feet on the ledge shows it to carry sulphurets the full 
 width, assays running $2 to $14 and proving the ore to be good for concen- 
 tration. A parallel ledge covered by two claims shows three feet of ore where 
 It is cut by the creek and is opened by a tunnel 101 feet long at a point 300 feet 
 higher, where assays of $10 to $43 gold and sliver have been obtained, while the 
 upper claim shows a large body of ore assaying from $1 to $20. A cross ledge 
 shows eightee.n inches of ore at the croppings and from two to twelve inches 
 in a 160-foot tunnel, a flfty-foot cross-cut also tapping the ore. Assays have 
 ranged from $16 to $140 gold, silver and lead. A parallel ledge cropping four 
 tu six fc°t will be tanned by a cross-cut now be*ng run. Five tons of hlgh- 
 l^rade ore are on the duii.p rc^yy <'"'• =h foment. 
 
 The largest group in the district and tne one 8ho>.''ng the most develop- 
 ment is owned by the Silver Queen Mining and Smelt :ig Company. It is 
 [really two groups, one adjoining the Silver Lake group on the Monte Cristo 
 [Divide, and the other on Lockwood Gulch near the mouth of the creek. The 
 [principal ledge in the former group is the Orphan Boy. cutting through the 
 jdivide and across Silver Creek, which is covered by four patented claims. 
 lA tunnel running 200 feet into the dividing ridge, where the ledge Is six to 
 |thirty feet wide, shows eighteen Inches of ore in the face. Thlrty-flve 
 ^amples taken when the ledge was first struck gave assays averaging $26.12, 
 largely In gold. As work progressed, assays showed $97.05, then $179.75, and 
 later $130 for all values, but assays generally run from $40 to $60, and average 
 ^bout $45, from a pay streak of eighteen to twenty-four Inches. A second 
 tunnel started about 125 feet lower struck the ledge in 150 feet and has pene- 
 trated 286 feet, being exj >j..^+ed to strike the ore chute shown in the upper 
 tunnel In twenty-five feet more. The first samples gave $20.80 and $72.40, 
 nearly all silver. A thirty-two foot tunnel on the Monte Cristo side of th« 
 ridge shows the ledge about «lx feet wide, another on the opposite mountain, 
 ■jicross the creek, Is in twenty-three feet, showing twenty Inches of ore in 
 loo feet of lecige matter, with indications of a blow-out, and a cross-cut on 
 the same side of the creek is in 121 feet, but has not yet tapped the ledge. 
 The Zeta, unpatented, is on three p.arallel ledges on the Monte CrLsto side, 
 111 carrying iron pyrites, with some copper in bornlte and variegated copper. 
 ^ fifteen-foot tunnel on the upper ledge shows eight to twenty-four inches 
 )f ore, while open cuts show three to five feet of ore in the middle vein and 
 three to eighteen inches in the lowest one. Assays from near the surface 
 5n the middle vein gave $5.16 gold, $11.90 silver, and $6.25 gold, $3.99 silver, 
 respectively. The Q. T., on a parallel ledge, further down the creek, is owned 
 Jointly by the Silver Queen and O. & B. Companies, and half of it has been 
 patented. A ten-foot open cut with eight-foot face shows a wide ledge with 
 six-Inch pay streak of pyrites and zinc, which assayed near the surface 
 |36 gold, $3.35 silver. A twenty-five foot tunnel has been run on a small 
 Stringer running Into the ledge. These claims lie well for development, for 
 I 1,000-foot tunnel would cross-cut the Orphan Boy and Zeta ledges at a 
 lepth of 900 to 1,100 feet and the ore could be trammed from it to the railroad 
 it Monte Cristo. 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 The I^ockwood group has two patented claims on a ledge rongrlng: from 
 Six to aeventy-iive feet, on which a ninety-foot tunnel shows a piiy streak of 
 sulphides and galena as wide as thlity Inches, but narrowing at the face to 
 four Inches, of which assays range from $27.tiO to $!>7.03. A la rue body of ore 
 Is exposed on the surface about 100 feet ahead of the face of the tunnel. Two 
 ten-foot tunnels are each on twelve Inches of ore, assaying |23.88. Two 
 claims on the Wild West ledge have a short tunnel showing ten Inches of 
 ore on the hanging wall and a talc gouge on the footwall. T'.ie lilttle Lee 
 shows a ten-Inch streak of ore and two feet of soft ledge matter, well 
 mineralized. In a thirty-foot tunnel. The company Intends to resume opera- 
 tions in [h.. early spring. 
 
 On the Zeta ledge J. C. Hu)>bnrt and Dr. T. M. Young, rt Seattle, and 
 John A. Brue, of Everett, have the Stiver Lake, In which elglit surfar-e cuts 
 show several seams of mineral from fifteen to twenty inches w'.de in a slightly 
 mineralized dike of porphyry eighty feet wide. 
 
 The Dutchman, owned by A. P. Michaud and William Booth, has a ledge 
 which crops out four or five feet wide on Silver Tip Mountain, with a good 
 pay streak shown up in a twenty-foot tunnel. Messrs. Hooth and Michaud, 
 with Edward Elwell, of Snohomish, also own the Wildcat, on a ledge of 
 Blx and one-hnlf feet of concentrating ore, en which a tutnel has been run 
 forjty feet, and which assays $10 gold, |1.S7 silver throughout. 
 
 The Mlnni>haha, owned by John Campbell, of Port Blakeley, has a ledge 
 cropping fifteen feet wide on the left side of the lower of two falls having a 
 combined height of over .^00 feet. The water pours over the iron-stained wall 
 and has washed out the ledge to form its channel. A .«lxty-foot tunnel is 
 mineralized across Its whole face and hes a pay streak of six to twenty-four 
 Inohes, assaying $;?0 to $05 gold, besides silver. Another pay streak is trace- 
 able on the surface outside of the tunnel. 
 
 The Hiawatha, owned by H. C. Niles and Frank Evans, of Snohomish, 
 Is on the cropping at the other side of the falls, where the ledge shows up 
 equally well in a forty-foot tunnel. 
 
 The Morning Star group of five claims, owned by E. D. Spurr and J. A. 
 Maxwell, and bonded to A. F. Burleigh, has one of the best ledges on the 
 creek, which is covered by three claims, with two others on cross ledges. 
 The main ledge is apparently an extension of the Seventy-six ledge of the 
 Monte Crlsto District, and runs east northeast and wjst southwest across 
 the creek, which cuts it and shows it eighteen feet wide. Tunnels have been 
 Tun on it forty feet on one side and IflO f^ ''t on the jther, showing a pay 
 Streak of over six feet the whole length, carrying galena, copper and iron 
 pyrites which assay $40 to $00, mainly in silver. A tunnel has been run 
 twenty-five feet on the west extension and another twenty feet on the east 
 extensloin. On the second east extension the ledge crops fourteen to twenty- 
 four inches of solid ore, assaying $40 to $00, shown in a twenty-foot tunnel. 
 The Minnehaha ledge dips into this claim from the west, while another cross 
 ledge eighteen to twenty-five inches wide and carrying sulphurets and arsen- 
 ical iron worth $24 dips into the first east extension. 
 
 On a three and one-half foot ledge parallel with the Morning Star on the 
 north John Wallace, J. A. Cathcart, H. C. Ewlng and M. A. Green have the 
 Cora M., in Which a twenty-foot tunnel showt' eighteen Inches of pay ore, 
 assaying $12 gold. 
 
 The Hope, south of the east fork of the creek on Hubbart's Peak, Is owned 
 by the Hoi)e Mining and Milling Company, and has a ledge twenty-flve to 
 thirty feet wide, in which a 100-foot tunnel on the footwall shows five feet 
 of Iron and copper sulphides, assaying $i) to $42. A cross-cut has been run 
 eighteen feet from the tunnel towards the hanging wall and another cross-cut 
 of seventy feet tans the ledtre fifty feet bclov/. 
 
 A valuable group of twelve claims on Edison Gulch, which runs down the 
 side of Silver Tip Mountain, three-quartera of>a mile from Mineral City, is the 
 Edison group, owned by uie Bonanza Mining and SlnelUng Company. Run- 
 ning through the Iconise and two adjoining claims in an east and west course 
 is a ledge ten or twelve feet wide, in wlilch two feet of pay ore are shown in 
 several tunnels aggregating eighty feet, the averatre value being $30 to $40 
 and the highest assay $1."0 gold. Para'.le! with this, further up the mountain. 
 Is the Edison ledge, covered by three claims, which Is 125 feet wide and 
 contains three streaks of ore three to six feet each, shown by tunnels aggre- 
 gating 200 feet in length. The longest is sixty-eight feet and is being exiended 
 100 feet further. These streaks show a little free gold in the oxidized iron on 
 the surface and carry sulphides and arsenical Iron, assays of whlf:h average 
 $57 gold, 6 per cent. coi)per and a, liltle silver. A porphyry dike 1.000 feet wide 
 runs diagonally across l)0th the Edison and I^oulse ledges and contains an 
 ore body'150 feet wide, which has been exposed in a cliff !iOO feet high by the 
 sliding of the hanging wall in the gulch. Three cuts have been made across 
 this dike, the deepest being twenty feet, and all are In ore, with no sign of 
 the footwall. The ore is iron and copper pyrites carrying gold and a trace 
 of silver, assays having ranged from $2.50 to $132. A cross-cut Is in thirty-five 
 feet at the base of this ore body to run through It Into the Edison ledge, 
 wfhich It will strike at a depth of 800 to 1,000 feet when it has gone 450 feet 
 further. A contract has been let to run it 500 feet. Lower down the gulch 
 Is the White Rose, on an east and west contact ledge five or six feet wide. 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 ItiK from 
 strt'uk of 
 e face to 
 dy of ore 
 lel. Two 
 88. Two 
 Inches of 
 -Ittle Lee 
 ter, well 
 ni' opera - 
 
 tttle, arid 
 ■fiir^e cuts 
 a slightly 
 
 IS a ledge 
 th a good 
 
 Mlohaud, 
 ledge of 
 
 been run 
 
 3 a ledge 
 
 having a 
 xined wall 
 
 tunnel la 
 renty-four 
 
 is trace- 
 
 nohomlsh, 
 shows up 
 
 and J. A. 
 
 es on the 
 iss ledgea. 
 Igp of the 
 est across 
 have been 
 Ing a pay 
 t and iron 
 
 been run 
 n the east 
 to twenty- 
 tot tunnel, 
 ther cross 
 md arsen- 
 
 tar on the 
 1 have the 
 f pay ore, 
 
 :, Is owned 
 ity-flve to 
 s five feet 
 been run 
 ' cross-cut 
 
 down the 
 Mty, Is the 
 ny. Run- 
 est course 
 ' shown In 
 
 $;!0 to $40 
 mountain, 
 
 wide and 
 els aggre- 
 ? extended 
 ed iron on 
 h average 
 I feet wide 
 )n tains an 
 Igh by the 
 ide across 
 no sign of 
 id a trace 
 thirty-five 
 son ledge, 
 tie 450 feet 
 
 the gulch 
 feet wide. 
 
 on which an eighty-five foot tunnel showed an eighteen-inch pay streak of 
 
 coppf-r iiyrites assaying $12 to $i:0 gyjld and copper, \< th a trace of sliver. 
 A parallel ledge north of the Edison la four feet wld and carries eighteea 
 inches of ore assaying from $10 to $90. A blow-otU I .rty to fifty feet wide 
 BtUl further north maltee a good surfr.ce showing of pyrites, while on the 
 south is a parallel ledge two or three feet wide slmll.ir to the Ivoulse. A rross 
 ledge siven to nine feet wide runs diagonally through two of the Edison ■ ring 
 of claims and two others, then spllt.4 into two pa, is which run parallel IW 
 feet apart l>o the summit of Silver Tip. The undivided ledge Ih shown by & 
 twenty-five foot tunnel, ore from the face assaying $7.40 gold, as against %2 on 
 the surface. In Its course the predominant mineral ciinnges from iron pyrites 
 to copper pyrites, sometimes assaying 25 per cent, copper," with pock, ts of 
 native corper, and carrying about $is gold, the ore being similar to that of 
 Trail Crii k. The company lias a nii'lslte on the creek. 
 
 The H>g Raymond group of four claims, owned by James C. Spurr and 
 J. A. Maxwell, adjoins tno Rdlson group. Three claims are on the Rig 
 Raymond ledge, wlii li runs ast northeast and west southwest and averages 
 fifty ftet In width, uid though it is broken on the surface the mlntrallzed 
 BtreaUs of ((uartz and-si;ar wh'ch run through It appear to be runnins- together 
 and at depth will probabl.y lead to i solid ore body. Several tunnels have 
 been run, aggregating 550 feet, and itie deepest, sixty feet, was In ore all the 
 way, which assays $2 to $50, while all the ledge matter Is mineralized. One of 
 the tunnels, thlrty-flve feet long, showed ore assaying $4 to $5fi. while another 
 of the same length shows some galena. The fourth chi of the group Is on 
 the Mornlrig Star ledge, which crops iwenty feet wide >nd is opened by a 
 thlrty-fooi 'unnel. 
 
 The Jui ho, owned by Kdwnrd L. En.-iel and lOdward McDade, is on the 
 southwest extension of the Big Raymond, and has a tunnel 140 feet showing 
 ore all across the face, of which assays have langKi from $G to $140. .A cross- 
 cut Is In sixty feet and will tap the ledge in forty feet more. 
 
 The northeast extension of the Edison Is the Llda, owned by \V. J, Riley 
 and A. Vermurler. on which a fifteen-foot shaft shows good ore. On a twenty- 
 foot ledge joining the l-'Idlson on the m t thwest W. J. Riley and E. Seronl have 
 the Castle and an exter'slon, where n thirty-foot ti nnel shows four feet of ore 
 assaying $25 gold. b€sldes sbver. The Whnleback. on a southen'^t extension 
 of the Edison ledge, owned by W. J. Riley and Peter Chlodo, has fifteen feet 
 of concentrating ore assaying from $4 lo $10. 
 
 The Mineral Mountain Mining ni'.l Milling Company has tl-.e TTtulaunted 
 group of four claims on Mineral M .iintain. which rises to the west of the 
 creek, and has projected a main tunnel to cut all the thirteen ledges which 
 vein this peak. On one claim it has two ledges, one five cr six feet wide, 
 with six to thirty-six inches of iron sulphuret ore shown in a thlrty-flv. foot 
 tunnel, assays ranging from $18 to $05 gold. The other ledge Is fifteen i iches 
 wide, with four or five inches of ore. running $30 to $70 gold and silver. (5n 
 another claim is an eight-foot ledge in which are small seams of pyrltlc ore 
 assaying $12 gold. On the Gold Stardnr.l is a ledg(! var.\lng In width from 
 twelve to forty feet, on which an open lut and tunnel fifteen feet deep show 
 seams of pay ore aggregating nowhen- less ttian three feet and assnylni? 
 $12 to $45 gold, besides silver, copper, nickel and cobalt, for which it wajs not 
 assayed. On the Jessie are three ledges ranging from eighteen inches to 
 8ix feet, of which the iwc smaller ones are undeveloped, but the larger one 
 has eighteen to thirty-six inches of pay ore showing in open cuts and assay- 
 ing $12 to $40 gold. This company Is arranging to begin development in the 
 spring, wltli a view to shipping ore before August, and intends to patent its 
 property. 
 
 On the extension of the Gold Standard Oliver Blsn^r has the Hancock, 
 where the ledge shows hfteen to thirty feet wide, with seams, of pay ore 
 aggregating eighteen to thirty-six inches and carrying iron and copper sul- 
 phides, with some nickel and cobalt, shown in a forty-foot tunnel. 
 
 The Gold Fagle group of three claims on Silver Tip Mountain, owned by 
 W. J. Caplin, Willinm Hacker and Stephen Tfolbrook, of Tacoma, is on a 
 ledge sho\. Ing fine-gr.-ilned white Iron sulphides, copper sulphides and gray 
 copper, averaging $12 to $15 gold across the led.ge, and showing the full width 
 of a tunnel 175 fept long. Parallel wltn the Gold Eagle on the northeast is the 
 Last Chance, owned by W. J. Caplin, on a ledge thirty feet wide, in which 
 streaks of copiter and iron sulphides four to twenty-four inches wide, assay- 
 ing $14 gold, are shown In a twenty-foot open cross-cut. 
 
 The Remonille group ot three claims is on a ledge running up Hnbbart'a 
 Peak and is owned by Peter Chlodo and W. J. Caplin. It is shown three 
 feet wide in a twenty-five foot tunnel and widens on the middle claim to 
 ten feet, assays Kunning about $10 gold. On the Marengo James Peccolo,. 
 A. Peccolo and Peter Hartle have a large ledge of pyrites cut by Silver Creek, 
 and the same parties, with 55. T. Holden. hnve the Delcho on the extension 
 up the mountain. On the Combination, running iown to Silver Creek, Messrs. 
 Riley and Holden, of Seattle, and Hall, of Chicago, have a twenty-four inch 
 ledge with twelve inches of pay ore. 
 
 Among the discoveries of 189fi in this vlc'nlty Is the St. TiOUls group of four 
 claims by C. S. Gleason, W. W. Glazier, W. P. Rahcock and A. S. Gibbs. 
 They are on a ledge ranging from five to fifteen feet wide running through 
 
^ 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 the granite near the bed of the main creek and up the mountain acroos St. 
 Louis Guloh and the heart of Hancock to the summit of the divide between 
 Hancock and Molybdenum Oulchcs. As It cnls throuKh both the grranlte of 
 the creek bed and the syenite of the mountalr, It Is evidently a true fissure 
 vein of groat stronKth. As It la undeveloped only surface assays have been 
 obtalneu. A pay streak el^ht to twelve Inches on one wall yields $4.13 gold, 
 $3.1)1 sliver, $5.05 copper, and a two-Inch streak lies against the other wall, 
 besides five feet of concentrating ore. J. C. Hubbart and C. S. Qleason have 
 the Blarkstone on a lodge eleven feet wide, which cuts across Hancock Oulch 
 and probably runs Into the St. Louis ledge, surface assays showing 4 ounce* 
 silver, n.9 per cent, copper. 
 
 The Jasperson, Bullion King and Sigma, which have been relocated by 
 Joseph ('arlgnan, A. P. Mlchaud and J. O. Robinson, are on a ledge In many 
 places as wide as thirty feet, which cuts clean through the mountain and can 
 be traced from the west fork of Silver C^reek over the Sultan and Stllla- 
 guaml.^h divides. The pay streak carries Iron and copjM^r pyrites, carbonates 
 of copper ard galena, assaying from $12 to $138 In gold and silver, with some 
 copper. A tunnel has been run 175 feet to cut under .in outcrop of ore six to 
 eight feet wide where the ledge attains a width of thirty feet, but when In 
 seventy-five feet ran off the pay streak, leaving It to the north. 
 
 On. the same ledge Is the (lold P.ar group oif three claims, owned by the 
 Gold Bar Mining Company, which will begin development this spring. 
 
 The Ntitlonnl, now owned by E. Q. Kruoger, has another strong ledge. 
 Which cuts through to the Sultan Divide. The ledge Is really a dike of 
 porphyry fully soventy-five feet wide, all slightly mineralized, with a pay 
 streak of talc ciirrylng iron nnd copper pyrites and carbonates of copper 
 three to three and one-half feet wii^e. assays of which average about $35 gold 
 and silver. The talc along the footwall assays $18 go'd and silver, and the 
 richer strenks one to three Inches wide run $300 and more. A cross-cut has 
 been run fifty-six feet from the cropping to the pay streak on the footwall, 
 and a tunnel was then run 185 feet on the pay streak, showing ore all the way. 
 Above this tunnel three distinct veins of ore can be traced, coming- togther 
 In the dike. 
 
 On the exten.>?lon of the National down to the west fork of Silver Creek 
 Is the Diamond Hitch, owned by E. G. Krueger, Jasper Compton and H. A. 
 Noble, Oi Seattle. A tunnel has been run forty-flve feet on a three or four 
 inch stringer to the ledge. 
 
 On extensions of the National ledge J. O. Robinson has the Mllke Maru 
 ■and J. J. Hill. He has run two tunnels, twenty and fifty feet, showing four- 
 teen to forty-eight Inches of Iron and eopper pyrltefl, which assay $17 gold, 
 4 ounces sliver, 3 per cent, copper. 
 
 On a four-foot ledge parallel with the Jim Hill the Treasure Mining Com- 
 pnnv li;q the Treasure Box and Horseshoe, on which a pixteen-foot tunnel 
 1=1 • • tvht Inches of ore nssaylng $17 to $27 gold, besides considerable copper. 
 
 '" a ledge parallel with the National, which crops out eight to ten feet 
 'A'Mc nd carries Iron pyrites, George Probst, of Seattle, has the Wllen and 
 -Mil on which he has driven a cross-cut tunnel sixty feet, and expects to 
 tar the ledge In another twenty feet. 
 
 The Webster, relocation of the old Trade Dollar, and Its extension are 
 ■>v ned by Messrs. Krueger, Compton and Noble. The ledge has not beeii 
 •U'flncd, but a tunnel eighty feet on the footwall shows twenty-three Inches 
 ■)f ore carrying steel galena and gold, which assays $45 gold, $8 silver, besldts 
 ■ ead. The pay streak pinched out for a few feet, but has since come In again 
 IS wide as ever. On the extension of the Webster ledge W. E. Smith, of 
 Seattle, has the Gipsy Queen, on which there is a twenty-foot tunnel. 
 
 On the extension of the Anna ledge Joseph Carlgnan has the Lucky Joe, 
 With six to twelve Inches of pay ore carrying about $30 gold. On the west 
 side of the creek A. J. Maxwell and James Spurr have the Ben Butler on a 
 twelve to fifteen fooi ledge, with pay streaks aggregating twelve to thirty 
 Inches, on which they navo a tunnel sixty feet. On the same ledge H. H. 
 Lewis artd W. E. Ledgerwood, of Seattle, have patented the Emma Bess, 
 running up Hancock Gulch, on which there are two tunnels twenty-five and 
 thirty feet. 
 
 On Stralght-up Gulch is a series of ledges thi "^e to twelve feet wide, on 
 -which the principal group Is the Crown Point of ■'Ixteen claims owned by 
 E. J. Loyhed and Floyd Clark, of Seattle, and John t-'tretch, of Munroe. On 
 ■the Crawford claim they have driven a tunnel sixty feet on a twelve-fuot 
 ledge of pyrltic ore carrying some galena. On the v est side of the creek, 
 opposite Stralght-up Gulch. Is the Red Cloud group c? three claims, owned 
 by the Red Cloud Mining Company. All the claims i re on a ledge four to 
 six feet wide, with a pay streak of pyrites three to nine Inches and a vein of 
 load carbonates. A tunnel has been driven sixty feet on the Red Cloud. 
 L. L. Johnson has the jim Dandy group of six claliT<s on a series of ledges 
 cutting across Stralght-up Gulch. One ledge Is twenty-two feet wide, with 
 an elght-ltich ray streak of copper and Iron pyrites, assaying as high as $R0 
 In gold and .silver, shown In two tunnels, one of them forty feet long. The 
 other ledges are of less width and carry the same kind of ore. exeunt that 
 -one has a two-foot pay streak of arsenical iron, assaying $16 to $40 gold, 
 .^besides silver, and in another copper pyrites predominates. 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 :rona 3t. 
 
 between 
 
 ranlte of 
 
 e flasure 
 
 Lve bo«n 
 
 .13 jrold, 
 
 f>r wall, 
 
 son have 
 
 ck Oulch 
 
 ounces 
 
 rated by 
 
 In many 
 
 :\ 11(1 can 
 
 .1 Stllla- 
 
 RunnlnK up frbm the east bank of Silver Creek Is the Bluff Kroup of flv* 
 claims, held by A. P. Mtchaud and A. W. Hawka. One haa a four-foot ledK» 
 with a two-Inch pay atroak carrying gold and copper. Another twenty feet 
 wide has a four-Inch pay streak of white Iron ore, shown In a twenty-foot 
 tunnel. The whole ledge Is mineralized and gave an average assay of $7. 50" 
 gold, besldea some cojtpt'r. The remaining claim Is on a parallel Unlee to the 
 south, of whi.'h the crojiplngs run well In copper and carry galena, and a 
 short tunnel shows ore the full width. On tl.e west side of the creek A. P. 
 MIchaud and Eugene (.'hevrette have the M. ^r H. No. 2 and an extension oiv 
 the Bluff ledge, with pay atreaka eighteen Inches on the footwall and fourteen 
 Inches on the hanging wall, assaying $24 gold, besides silver and copper. 
 They also have the Last Dollar on the west e-vtenslon of another of the Bluff 
 ledges, the ten-Inch pay streak assaying $18 gold and 7 per c nt. copper. 
 
 Below this group, on the west side of the creek, la the Billy Lee group of 
 five claims, owned by the silver Creek, Snohomish and Port Gardner MInlnjf 
 Company. Two claims are on a ledge about nine feet wide, with a slxteen- 
 Inch pay streak of Iron pyrites showing In a 1.'>l-foot tunnel, assays of which- 
 have ranged all the way from $10 to $210. The other three claims are oi> 
 parallel ledges. 
 
 On another :,dge parallel with these and as wide as forty feet JoV) Fields 
 haa the Rut>' King, on w.ich he nas driven a tunnel sixty feet and a cross-cut 
 twenty fi^et, all In whue Iron and copper ore, which averages $;iO gold. Mr. 
 Fields, with others, has an elght-fnot lodge with a twenty-four Inch pay 
 streak of similar ore on the Sliver Slipper, which has been tapped by a forty- 
 foot tunnel. Assays of the pay streak rur as hleh as $80 gold. Messrs. 
 Northriip and Pa'.rl(>ks, of Snohomish, have the Gold Boy on a ledge sixteen 
 feet wide, on which n twenty-foot tunnel shows two feet of pay ore averaglnsr 
 $16 gold. On the west extension of this ledge .John McQloyne and others have 
 the Jamboree, on which a twenty-foot tunnel and a shaft twenty feet deep 
 show four feet of pay ore. 
 
 Thp Van'dalla group on Cascade Gulch, consisting of five claims, is one 
 of the few groups In which silver Is the chief value. The claims are on a 
 series of ledges nut by tue gulch, where the outcrops show plainly. The 
 Vandalia ledge la twenty feet wide on the lace of the mountain and Is all 
 slightly mineralized, with a pay streak ranping from six to eighteen Inches 
 and occasionally widening to three feet, cirrylng galena, carbonates and 
 aulphureta which assay $'»0 In gold, silver and learf* A mill test gave $27 for 
 all values over freight and treatment. A fhaft has been sunk seventy-five 
 feet Oil the ledge and from It two levels have been run, eighty and ninety feet, 
 to the open air on the side of the gulch. Another tunnel was run forty-five feet 
 to tap the ledge and then runa along It for 220 feet more. At a point 100 feet 
 deeper a croaa-cnt tunnel haa been run 355 feet, tapping the flrat ledge at a 
 depth of 700 feet and showing It two to three feet wide. When extended ID* 
 feet further It will tap the next ledge at a depth of 1.250 ffeet, and the others 
 at greater depth ranging up to 3,000 feet. There are 100 tons of ore on ther 
 dump, 200 tons having been washed down the creek by a flood In 1894, and IE 
 Is estimated that there are 19.500 tons In sight averaging $20 over freight an* 
 treatment. The owners "re P. L. Leslie, Edward Blewett, F. A. McDonalcl 
 and H. A. Noble. 
 
 On a ledge about twenty feet wide opposite the Lockwood Gulch A. P. 
 MIchaud and A. W. Hawka have the Texas group of five clalma, extending 
 across the creek. On the east end there are a twenty-foot tunnel and a 
 thirty-foot open cut showing a four-foot pay streak carrying white Iron an* 
 running high in gold. On another claim an open cut forty feet along th& 
 ledge shows six or seven ore veins about two Inches wide, which assay from 
 $46 to $363 gold and a trace of silver, and ten Inches of talc which averages 
 120 gold. 
 
 On the east side of the creek are the Beatrice and Sunset, owned by M. A. 
 Green, H. T. Hannon and R. M. Crawford, on which is a twenty-foot ledge 
 showing In a sixty-foot tunnel from three to Six feet of decomposed quartz, 
 which carries galena and lead carbonates and assays as high as $80 gold and 
 Bll/er. Mr. Crawford's Interest has been bonde<l by his partners. 
 
 On Moore's Gulch William Johns and L. C. Morse have the Mayflower ana 
 two extensions on a ledge about twenty feet wide, on which a thirty-foot 
 tunnel shows a pay streak of eight to thirty-six Inches of decomposed pyrites 
 assaying $12 gold. 
 
 The Michigan group of three claims on Michigan Gulch la owned by the- 
 Michigan Gulch Mining Company. Two clalma are on a ledge about thie© 
 feet wide, with two to iifteen Inches of pyiites and zinc Ore assaying ,ibout 
 $70 gold, and the other Is on a cross ledge two to three feet wide, with three 
 Inches of pay ore assaying about $40 gold. The cross ledge Is shewn up by a 
 seventy-foot tunnel, which cross-cuts the rrain ledge. 
 
 On the mountain above Michigan Gulch P. L. Leslie and J. C. Hubbavt 
 have the Anaconda, on which there are four parallel and one cross .t. .<* 
 varying in width from three to thirty feet, with ore bodies from eighteen 
 Inches on the smaller to iiiteen feet on the wider ledges, shown by a twenty- 
 foot tjnnel on the largest ledge and open ctits on the others. The ore would 
 concentrate anywhere <'-cr- '' ''■*'• ■• up to 6 into 1 and the concentrates would. 
 It is estimated, carry about $42 gold. 
 
t2 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 On the east bank of the creek, a rnUe above Galena, Ezra McLaughlin and 
 A. D. Austin have the Ironclad group of four claims on a ledge of concen- 
 trating ore about twenty feet wide, on which an eighty-foot tunnel shows a 
 small pay streak of white iron running about $t;0 in gold. On a parallel ledga 
 about eight feet they have the McKinley, on which a forty-foot tunnel shows 
 a ten-Inch pay streak of decomposed quartz carrying pyrites. 
 
 A mile ip the west bank of the creek the Silver Creek Gold Mining Com- 
 pany has Ihe Westianii <?roup of five claims on tliree ledges of sulphide ore. 
 One of these, eight to t^l'elve feet wide between syenite and granite walls, 
 is exposed for 900 feet, an.i in a forty-seven foot tunnel shows three and one- 
 half feet of pay ore averaging $20 gold, silver and copper. Another crops 
 twenty to thirty fc-et wide between granite walls, and in a ten-foot shaft 
 shows concentrating ore carrying $5 to $25 gold, reducing eight or ten tons 
 Into one. The third ledge is exposed four feet wide for 300 feet, and In a 
 fifteen -foot tunnel shows arsenical iron assaying $18 to %Zti gold. 
 
 The Oro Fino group of live claims, immediately adjoining Galena City, 
 has a ledge se\cn feet wide covered by three claims, on which an eighty-foot 
 tunnel show.s four feet of copper pyrites containing masses of native copper 
 and giving an average assay of $56 gold and copper, the copper ranging from 
 38 to 25 per cent. On the other claims a thirty-five foot tunnel and fifteen-foot 
 shaft show three feet of similar ore. 
 
 The Evergreen, owned by the Silver Creek Gold and Copper Mining Com- 
 pany, Is on a ledne sixteen to twenty feet wide running down to tlie creek 
 from the east, 2,000 feet above Galena. The first work was a thirty-foot 
 tunnel, which showed up three feet of solid iron pyritec and chalcopyrite, 
 assaying $25 'o $30. A cross-cut tunnel was then run seventy-five feet below 
 and tapped the ledge in twenty-five feet. It has been continued seventy-rive 
 feet alone the ledge and ran through a body of solid ore two to four feet wide, 
 the mineral being chalcopyrite carrying gold and averaging about $30. On 
 the footwfjU is another body of ore carrying about $24 gold. Thi copper value 
 ranges from 3 to 27 per cent, and the gold from $5 to $65, besides a few ounces 
 of silver. 
 
 On lio P. -I., which is on the east bank half a mile above Galena, J. J. 
 ■iheehan, of Seattle, and Frank McCall, of Stanwood, have a four-foot ledge 
 in which several surface cuts have shown two feet of copper sulphides and 
 galena, assaying on an average $32 copper, $26 silver. On the Gray Eagle, 
 below the P.-I., Messrs. Sheehan, McCall and Ezra McLaughlin have a ledge 
 of the same kind of ore, which they will strike by extending a thirty-foot 
 cross-cut twenty feet further. At the head of Pole Gulch, on the west bank, 
 J J. Sheehan, John Wallace, M A. Green and Claud Morris have the Eiditor 
 on a twenty-four Inch ledge of pay ore carrying galena throughout, as shown 
 by surface cuts, assays running about $3S silver. 
 
 The same mhiers.l belt extends across the divide on the p'ast Into the 
 canyon of Troubie.some Creek, which enters the Noi'th Skykomlsh two miles 
 aV-iove Silver Crei'sTc, tlie late J. C. Lillis having made the first discovery. 
 The format'on there aJso )s granite, with son i slate in the basin at the hea.d, 
 and the ledges cut it in an east and west tjurse, with some cross ledges 
 The ore is generally In white quartz and runs higher in silver than most o' 
 that on Silver Creek. 
 
 The principal group Is the Daisy of ten claims, owned by Hon. H. C*. 
 Struve, Hon. John B. Allen, E. C. Hughes, Maurice MoMicken, of Seattle, 
 and Hon. John C. Denney, of Snohomish, Five claims are on a ledge ranging 
 from four to twelve feet Wiv»e between granite walls, which have bct^n stripped 
 for about 3,000 feet by snowslides. Cn the nurface there la about i wenty-four 
 Inches of galena and ar.sen!cal Iron ore exposed, of which eight inches is on 
 each wall, and a fifteen-foot shaft and a fifty-foot tunnel show from two to 
 three feec of ore on the footwsll, with the possibility of other .streaks v;hen 
 the ledge is cross-cut to the hanging wall. Assays range from $7 t>j $70 gold 
 and as" high aa $60 silver, the average being at least $20 for both values. 
 Two claims are on an eight-foot cross ledge running into the main ledge from 
 the west. In which an elghtocn-inch pay streak carries 90 to 168 ounces sliver 
 and $8 gold, while the other claims arf, on small sp 'rs. 
 
 The Coron.u group of two claims is on a flat ledge half way up th« 
 mountain, near the head of the ?f iSdie fork, and is owned by A. C Lincoln. 
 A. L. Wallera and Ij. Ji. Parsons, all of Seattle. On the surface it had a pay 
 streak carrying gold and V)roroide of silver, one specimen of which assayed 
 5,000 ounces silver, while the lowest assay was $60 silver, and the gold vulue 
 ran as high as ?22. In a sixty- five 'foot tunnel the ledge has widened to six 
 Jfeet and the pay streak to three feet, but the value is not as high as near 
 the surface. 
 
 one .qnd one-half miles above the Daisy 
 vei claims, owned by J. N. Scott, William 
 lett. Three claims are on a ledge capped 
 between granite and slate walls. It has 
 Beveral streak.y. throe to eighteen Inches wide, of arsenical iron and sulphides, 
 assays of which run from $8 to $56 gold, a little sliver and 2 to 3 per cent, 
 capper. A cross-cut has been run twenty feet Into the ledge and will go 
 through It in ten feet more. On another ledge about five feet wide, with eight 
 to ten Inches of Iron sulpnurets, are two more claims, and on a ten-foot ledg* 
 carrying sulphurets throughout are the two other claims. 
 
 On L..0 west side of the basin. 
 
 froup, is the Great Scott group of " 
 tennlson and A. W. Hawks, of • ,' 
 with iron, twenty to forty feet w 
 
y, ... 
 
 ghlin and 
 f concen- 
 . shows a 
 lUel ledga 
 nei shows 
 
 ing Com- 
 ihide ore. 
 ite walls, 
 
 and one- 
 her crops 
 oot shaft 
 
 ten tons 
 and in a 
 
 ena City, 
 ghiy-foot 
 ve copper 
 ?lng- from 
 t'teen-foot 
 
 ling Com- 
 tlie creek 
 hirty-foot 
 -Icopyrite. 
 eet below 
 venty-rive 
 feet wide, 
 : $30. On 
 )per value 
 jw ounces 
 
 ena, J. J. 
 foot ledga 
 hides and 
 ay Eagle, 
 /e a ledge 
 hirty-foot 
 rest bank, 
 he Editor 
 as shown 
 
 ; into the 
 two miles 
 discovery, 
 the hea.d, 
 ss ledges, 
 n most of 
 
 on. H, G. 
 
 )f Seattle, 
 re ranging 
 n stripped 
 renty-four 
 ches is on 
 )ni two to 
 iaks v/hen 
 tu 170 gold 
 Lh values, 
 edge from 
 ices sliver 
 
 ly up th« 
 \ Lincoln, 
 had a pay 
 h assayed 
 Efold value 
 ned to six 
 h as near 
 
 the Daisy 
 t, William 
 ge capped 
 la. Tt has 
 sulphides, 
 per cent, 
 id will go 
 with eight 
 ■foot leog* 
 
 -:i-i«rf'^ 
 
 jSKkiaritttiiLrflaMlf '(;*'*» 
 
i ^ i wiywu i iini 
 
 ' r^.mimmmwmmmxarsvv^a* 
 
 » 
 
 SILVER CREf 
 
 SNOHOMISttSCOUNtY. 
 WASHmfi£|»<i. 
 
 min.no in TKg p.-»i3trio i>aniiiw.»' 
 
^mmmmn 
 
 R CREEK 
 
 INDEX TO NUMBERED CUdKS 
 P 
 
 1. Kmma Miy>n>. 
 
 2. Jenuit- 1). 
 
 HOMIS||I?COiJNTY. 
 
 Sonth of Minernl City 
 
 1. Bed Ciond. 
 
 2. Cleveland. 
 
 3. PorMund 
 
 4. St Pftnl. 
 
 5. Bluff. 
 
 6. Keward. 
 
 7. A. P. A. 
 
 8. StmstiiRiv 
 
 9. Crown Point 
 10, Crawford. 
 U. Jim Dandy. 
 
 12. Silver Slipper. 
 
 13. Kadger. 
 
 14. Billy to. 
 
 15. Ellen. 
 
 16. Ruby King. 
 
 17. Era. 
 la Transfer. 
 
 19. Vaudallia. 
 .2a Blue Bird. 
 
 21. Idaho. 
 
 22. Oretctien 
 
 23. Warwick. 
 2'L Lock^ood Oronp. 
 2E, Teiaa 
 
 26. Sunset 
 
 27. Mayflower. 
 
 28. editor. 
 
 20. Anaconda. 
 30. Xichigan. 
 ' L Nest Egg. 
 
 32, Olympia. 
 
 33. P.-I. 
 S4. Grey Kajfle. 
 
 35. McKinley 
 
 36. Maud. 
 
 37. Oroflno. 
 
 38. King Bee, 
 
 39. Everj?reen. 
 
 40. Diamond. 
 
 <^^ CypiM-r Voeen. 
 
 9CA! S Of MILW> 
 
 •■TajctruPtJi 
 
 3. Orphan hoy 
 
 4. Stockton. 
 
 5. Dutihmau. 
 
 6. Q. T. 
 
 7. Wildcat 
 3. Little Lee. 
 
 9. Wild Woisbmaa 
 
 10. CoBDiopolitan. 
 
 11. 0.4. B. 
 
 12. Bingo. 
 
 13. F. KDuvw 
 
 14. Otsego. 
 
 15. Lady of the Lak«. 
 
 16. Leater. 
 
 17. Silver I'ip. 
 
 18. Lakeview. 
 1!(. Edith 
 
 20. Edn;i. 
 
 21. Siver Lake. 
 
 22. Mascotte. 
 •=!3. Zeta. 
 ■ii. Rainbow. 
 
 25. Boston. 
 
 26. Llilie (i. 
 
 27. Hettie, 
 28: Jnmbo. 
 
 29. Edison. 
 
 30. yda. 
 
 31. Looise. 
 
 32. Homeward Bound. 
 
 33. Gold Bar. 
 
 34. Little Diamond. 
 
 35. Billy Goat 
 m. Jim HUl. 
 
 37. .Miike Maru. 
 
 38. Horseshoe. 
 
 39. Trea.sure Boi. 
 
 40. .lasperson. 
 
 41. C. R. ft M. 
 
 42. Signia. 
 
 43. .Tessie. 
 
 44. National. 
 
 45. Diamond Hitch. 
 
 46. Barney Barnato. 
 
 47. Gold Stjindard. 
 
 48. Hancock. 
 
 49. White Pine 
 
 50. Alki. 
 
 51. EUa. 
 
 52. Gypsy Qnceu. 
 
 53. Daniel Webater, 
 
 64, Alice. 
 
 65. Katie. 
 
 56, Hard Pan. 
 
 57. Sultan. 
 68. Grao! 
 
 59. Anna. 
 
 60. Lucky Joe. 
 01. Hnbbart 
 
 62. Emma Boos. 
 
 63. Ben Botlei^ 
 
 64. Aalilaud, 
 
 65. Jouft 
 
 66. BlMJay. 
 
 67. Ofcjton. 
 
 68. St Loiiia. 
 69 White Hoonf 
 70. Blackstoue. 
 "1 yooen. . 
 
 72. LnekvBoy 
 
 73. Hurqjitg 8tar 
 
 74. !;etti» g. 
 
 76. Job. 
 
 7C. Monarch. 
 
 77. SilV'T OtieiD. 
 
 78. Hid'S.ii Wealth. 
 
 79. Colorad.) 
 
 80. Last Chance. 
 
 81. Mountain BeAui>- 
 
 82. Gold Kngle. 
 
 83. Sew StriPa 
 
 84. Jfortonat*. 
 
 85. Harrv Loe. 
 
 
 80. Minr.eh»iifu 
 90. Paorift 
 m Hope. 
 92 Liifky fiunsSf*;, 
 93. Cera M. 
 m. Trirasipb. 
 05. LfjjtMope. 
 (W. EaA^oiiiie. 
 ill. Groat ISeott 
 »fl, Coruua. 
 J9 DwBy. 
 
 ,rvmm»*mm»m 
 
,.iS5.'«sSri!'ii**.t ftSas ivb?ivi?i*):i*,sfiiS»ii«fe!»^3as.-iaa 
 
 The sai 
 to Salmon 
 from the e 
 A. D. Aust 
 and carryl 
 others are 
 
 The gr 
 rout i Is n 
 structed li 
 syndicate 
 Galena, a 
 following- 1 
 *!ng-lneerin 
 a river bai 
 and the tii 
 road woul( 
 and woulc 
 traffic. 
 
 j^ 
 
 ■t' 
 
 V 
 
 6 
 
 a 
 c 
 
 t: 
 t< 
 
 In grot 
 
 districts, t 
 most west< 
 ern and s 
 boundary 
 carry it al 
 sessos the 
 Seattle on 
 one goes b 
 by hand, a 
 further ur 
 iiino miles 
 to the hea 
 north side 
 at Salmon 
 and goes Y 
 Beekler R 
 Seattle, an 
 Ing both tl 
 Is only thi] 
 at Tacoma 
 
 The fo 
 Brained tr 
 metamorp 
 Index alo: 
 of diorite 
 slate rock 
 minerallzie 
 with a n 
 i^reat size 
 another, 
 nro ledges 
 nite, gray 
 fissures, a 
 por-bearin 
 pyritic ore 
 Creek cop. 
 led- some c 
 posits of 1 
 until last j 
 of these o 
 taken witi 
 
 Howar 
 from the : 
 Immediate 
 Co-operati 
 of these ii 
 phide ore, 
 the way. 
 feet of fh^ 
 walls, is 
 galena an( 
 run a cro! 
 and 400 fet 
 
MINING IN THK PACIFiC NORTHWEST. U 
 
 The same mineral belt has also been traced across the Silver Creek Divide 
 to Salmon Creek on the west. On Dominion Gulch running into Salmon Creek 
 from the east, Is the Dominion group of seven clainis, owned by J. J. Shcehan, 
 A. D. Austin and A. P. Michauu. Four of these are on a ledge three feet wide 
 and carrying galena ore, which r\ins northwest and southeast, and the throe 
 others are on a parallel ledge of the same size and carrying similar ore. 
 
 The great need of this district is railroad transportation, for which the 
 rout i Is not difficult, and there is some prospect that a road may be con- 
 structed In the next two years. A survey was made in the fall of 1896 by a 
 syndicate Interested In the district for a narrO'W gauge line from Index to 
 Galena, a distance of nine miles, and to the Troublesome, two miles beyond, 
 following- the valley of the North Skykomlsh as closely as possible. The only 
 *ingineerlng difficulties would be two blue cl.ay cuts and some cribbing alongf 
 a river bar half a mile long, thn only rock work being on a hill near Galena, 
 and the timber along the right of way being ample for construction. Such a 
 road would also tap the rich copper belt in the Index Range across the river 
 and would so stimulate development that it should soon have a lucrative 
 traffic. 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 In grouping the unorganized mining country of the Cascade Range Into 
 districts, tliat section lying in the lofty spur of which Mount Index Is the 
 most westerly peak and the two forks of the Skykomish River are the north- 
 ern and southern boundaries, is naturally sot off by Itself. The eastern 
 boundary remains undetermined, though later discoveries will probably 
 carry it along the main divide of the range, The district is compact, pos- 
 sesses the same general characteristics and Is easily accessible. Leaving 
 Seattle on the Great Northern train and going to Index, seventy-one mllea, 
 one goes by road five miles up the north fork, crosses by a cable ferry worked 
 by hand, and travels by trail four miles up Trout Creek; or g«es two miles 
 further up tne south bank and up Lost Creek; or proceeds along the road 
 nine miles to Galena and there crosses by ferry and goes by trail four miles 
 to the head of Howard Creek. These are tVie routes to the prop, rties on the 
 north side of the range. In order to reach Eagle Creek, one leaves the train 
 at Salmon Station, seventy-seven miles from Seattle, crosses the south fork 
 ind goes by trail eight miles, almost to the head of the creek. In going up 
 Beckler River, one leaves the train at Skykomlsh, eighty-five miles from 
 Seattle, and goes three miles by wagon road and eleven miles by trail, cross- 
 ing both the south fork of the Skykomlsh and Beckler River. Index Station 
 Is only thirty-eight miles from the smelter at Everett and IC© miles from that 
 at Tacoma, 
 
 The formation of this district is metamorphlc granite diked with fine- 
 grained trap and conglomerate, and overlaid with magneslan limestone and 
 metamorphlc slates. Extending along the backbone of the range from Mount 
 Index along the course of Trout Creek Is a geologic fold, where a belt 
 of dlorite has, been thrust through the metamori' io ft rmation of schist, 
 slate rock and quartzite and has formed a line of ' ity peaks. A series of 
 mineralized ledges cuts this form&tion in a northw ; st and southeast course 
 with a number of cross ledges running north and south, generally of 
 great size and strength, traceable through the mountains from one creek to 
 another. In the primary rocks, apparently in contact with lime and slate, 
 are ledges carrying iron sulphides, ohalcopyrite, copper In the form of bor- 
 nite, gray copper and some red and black oxide of copper, while in true 
 fissures, also in the primary rocks, ai'e ledges carrying free gold. The cop- 
 per-bearing ledges are generally capped with Iron, like those of the belt of 
 pyritlc ores in British Columbia and the Colville Reservation, and on Trout 
 Creek copper is found in association with specular iron. The Iron capping 
 led some of the early discoverers to Imagine that they had found large de- 
 posits of iron ore and for lack of thorough prospecting this error prevailed 
 until last year, as It did on Money Creek and on the Skagit. The true nature 
 of these ores has now been made plain and development has been under- 
 taken with commendable vigor on several properties. 
 
 Howard Creek rises in Howard Lake and flows generally northward 
 from the Index range into the ncrtii foik, in a course of about four miles. 
 Immediately below the lake it cuts a system of parallel ledges, on wliich thq 
 Co-operative Minijig Syndicate has the Howard group of eleven claims. One 
 of these is porphyritic quartz carrying sixteen feet of clean solid Iron sul- 
 phide ore, which assays $7 to $120 gold. A sixteen-foot tunnel is In oro all 
 the way. On the same string of claims is a parallel ledge carrying eight 
 foot of the same kind of ore. A lower parallel ledge, lorty feet between 
 walls, is well mineralized with Iron and copper sulphides, gray copper, 
 galena and zinc and has been traced for over four miles. It la intended to 
 run a cross-cut this year which will give a depth of 100 feet on- this ledge 
 and 400 feet on the sixteen-foot ledge. 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 The Copper group of four claims Is on a ledfre of black quartz 100 feet 
 Vide, Identical in formation with the Silver King at Nelson, B. C, and the 
 'Coney In New Mtxico. It shows streaks of bornlte widening at frequent 
 Intervals into large botlles, which carry about 30 per cent, copper and some 
 «rold and sliver, twenty-four inc'hcs of solid bornlte taken from one point 
 having carried $147 in all values. This group, together with the Howard 
 group, has been bonded by the Co-operative Mining Syndicate for |15,000. 
 with the condition that development is to be prosecuted continuously. 
 
 The Black Hawk group of four claims, owned by the Black Hawk Mining 
 and Concentrating Co., runs down the west slope of Iron Mountain to the 
 creek, one and one-half miles above its mouth, on two parallel ledges capped 
 ■with iron and carrying gold-bearing iron and copper pyrites. One is eighteen 
 to twenty feet wide and has an elghteen-inch pay streak in the center. 
 Shown in a ten-foot cut. This cut Is to be extended by a 200-foot tunnel, for 
 which a contract has been let to VV. F. Chadbourne, and after the completion 
 of which patents will be secured. The second ledge is seven to edglit feet 
 wide and has six to eight inches of pay ore. Shipments will begin as soon 
 aa the road is repaired. 
 
 The Iron Mountain group of six claims, owned by the Iron Mountain Con- 
 solidated Gold and Cop))er Mining Company, is on a supposed extension of the 
 Copper group ledge within a mile of the west bank of the North Skykomlsh 
 River. There is a series of six well-detlned ledges with several stringers 
 which have been traced four miles east and west. They range from four to 
 ten feet in width and carry ore similar to that of the Black Hawk group, 
 though one shows free gold on the surface. Open cuts have been made ten 
 feet deep on each ledge, and a contract has been let to W. F. Chadbourne for 
 150 feet of tunnel, most of it to be on one ledge, with the intention of securing 
 patents Immediately. A tramway will be btlilt to the road and shipping begin 
 as soon as the latter can be repaired. 
 
 Across the creek from the lion Mountain group la the Commercial group 
 of two claims, owned by J. A. Cathcart, H. C. Ewlng, M. A. Green and John 
 Wallace on a ledge of iron and copper pyrites and chalcopyrite four feet 
 between walls, which has been traced about 600 feet on the surface, where it 
 assays $15 to $20 gold and copper. 
 
 On the west side of Iron Mountain, sloping down to Lost Creek, the 
 Lost Creek Mining Company has three claims on a ledge which follows the 
 same course as the Iron Mountain group. The locations were made in 1895 
 by Peter Rucker, who mistook the deposits for iron ore In consequence of 
 the iron capping, and sold tliem to N. Rudebeck as such. Their true char- 
 acter was discovered in 1896, when they were acquired by th§ company. 
 The ledge is shown by a fair amount of surface work to be twenty feet wld» 
 and carries copper pyrites, a mill test of which showed 16 8-10 per cent, 
 copper. The ore makes 43 per cent, concentrates, v/hich assayed 26 per cent, 
 copper. This sample was taken from the foot of the bluft. Into which a 
 fifty-foot tunnel is being run. The same company has two claims on th» 
 right bank df the north Skykomish, four and one-half miles from Index, on 
 a similar ledge four feet wide. 
 
 In a basin within a mile of the head of the west fork of Trout Creek and 
 on the mountains on its left bank is the Copper group of twenty-six claims, 
 owned by Col. Benjamin R. Townsend and Andrew Merchftnt. Running 
 diagonally across the valley below the basin, including Merchant's peak and 
 showing at the base of Headquarters peak. Is the belt of sedimentary rock 
 tn which occurs the geologic fold already mentioned. In the schistose 
 formation is a series cf contact ledges running north and south and in the 
 dlorlte occur a series of east and west ledges, which are in true fissures. 
 The two principal groups of claims are on the contact, the ore bodies in 
 which are rich in chalcopyrite and carry gold and silver. 
 
 The group lying in or near Copper Gulch, which scores the face of the 
 rjdge between Quartzite and Headquarters Peaks, Is composed of five claims. 
 The main ledge belongs to the north and south series, though its course is 
 northwest and southeast, and is about 100 feet wide, crossing the gulch near 
 Its head. The north end of the ore body occurs along the contact. It out-^ 
 crops in the gulch, where the twin falls unite upon it, and on one side shows 
 up a rich ore body five or six feet wide at a point .300 feet above the bed of 
 the gulch, where it assays over 20 per cent, copper. Adjoining this rich 
 r^iW^*^ "^^^^ ^?^^-?** '".^^F ?^'^^^ "'■e- On the other side of tlie gulch is 
 ftf^l^^^°J ^'^^ nearly 2o0 feet high and in the bed and in the slide at the foot 
 SL'k®/"'*^'V®, Pl"''^/'"''' '^^ chalcopyrite which have been broken from the 
 h«^^ 1,/a 'r^*^ ^^''']' ^'°?;? are wortli many thousands of dollars. This ore 
 ?lfl1m« if^3n'i ^^^'?^,^^^.° ^^ per cent, copper, and on It are located three 
 claims. Running up the Copper Gulch from its mouth is another body of 
 
 fnto^'u^J/'. n TJ'L'lTJl^^''''^, V'^^''' J^*"' ^ ^P"'- twelve feet Wide! running 
 mto it at an acute angle, which has been shown up by a thirty-foot tunnel 
 
 Sicriid^e'^^nT" "?f. wr" ?'^-'^ on Quartzite ^eak, and shoring up^ok 
 each side and ir. the !x)ttom. is an ore Ix^dy at least fifteen feet wide, which 
 
 Is probably on the same contact 
 
 with that in Copper Gulch and on which 
 
 are two claims. This ore body l.s all ciialcopyrite very rirh In eoppe^ and 
 carrying silver and gold. An east and west ledge n rtrue flssureX dior le 
 runs up Lost Treasure Gulch, on the side of HeldqSarters Peak, Ind s cov- 
 
tz 100 feet 
 ., and the 
 : frequent 
 and some 
 one point 
 3 Howard 
 :or $15,000, 
 isly. 
 
 I'k Mining 
 lin to the 
 es capped 
 i eighteen 
 le center, 
 unnel, for 
 ompletlon 
 elglit feet 
 n as soon 
 
 tain Con- 
 Ion of the 
 kykomlsh 
 stringers 
 m four to 
 vk group, 
 made ten 
 Kiurne for 
 f securing 
 3lng begin 
 
 ilal group 
 
 and John 
 
 four feet 
 
 where it 
 
 reek, the 
 Hows the 
 tie in 1893 
 luence of 
 rue char- 
 company, 
 feet wide 
 per cent, 
 per cent, 
 which a 
 )s on the 
 [ndex, on 
 
 'reek and 
 X claims, 
 Running 
 peak an<3 
 ary rock 
 schistose 
 id in the 
 Assures, 
 bodies In 
 
 ^e of the 
 e claims, 
 course Is 
 ilch near 
 It out- 
 (le shows 
 le bed of 
 this rich 
 : gulch is 
 the foot 
 from the 
 This ore 
 ted three 
 body of 
 running 
 t tunnel, 
 ig up on 
 le, which 
 >n which 
 3Per and 
 n dlorlte 
 d is cov- 
 
 i«"t« IN TM rMna mmnmm. 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 - 4 
 
 HUtV 
 
 i «>i-U,>. 
 
 
 ViSx'Ai:tlKi. 
 
 
 
 Li*T CRMK 
 Cann lii!;<» On)^^ 
 
 
 Ml 
 
?li 
 
MINING IN THK PACIFIC NORTHWEST. M 
 
 ered by three clalmH. The Irdge Is trn to twelve fopt wide at the surface, 
 and a tunnel has been run on It forty-five feet In chalcopyrlte and Iron 
 pyrites ore, assayinK ti to 15 prr cent, copper and four to sixteen ounces 
 silver. An outcrop of another ledge twelve or thirteen feet wide has recently 
 been found parallel with it. 
 
 Further down the creek are three claims on two east and west ledges of 
 specular iron, carryiniif silvrr and copper, fifteen feet and twenty to thirty 
 feet wide. On those two ledges tvnnels have been run fifty and seventy feet. 
 A parallel ledge of the panie kind of ore crops out to a width of at least 
 flftocn fe» t, ns-says showing 7 to 8 per cent, copper. Another parallel ledge 
 of great width and In some places cropping out to a width of forty feet, is 
 shown up iiy a gdod dtal of suiface work. A fourth parallel, fourteen feet 
 wide, carrying iron pyrites. Is covered l)y two claims and is shown up by a 
 fifty-foot tunnel. The other claims cover ledges of less size and value, aa 
 well as the water power of the north fork of the creek, which has a fall of 
 250 feet to the mile. Mr. Merchant's half Interest in this property Is under 
 bond to M. E. Downs. 
 
 One of the natural curiosities of the district is a natural tunnel In the 
 basin near the head of Kagle Creek, on the Golden Tunnel group of four 
 claims, owned by Pc nry Olsen and C. J. Ingram, ( f Skykond.«h. On this group 
 are three parallel ledpes out ny the cveek, one of which has been prospected 
 by nature in a peculiar manner. A tunnel sixty-five feet long, fifteen feet 
 high and twenty feet wide was found to run through a porphyry dike almost 
 straight, Into the mountain and on the roof and walls are streaks of high 
 
 frade copper pyrltis in large crystals carrying gold and silver. On the sur- 
 ace above this tunnel are a number of stringers of mineral from one to 
 twelve inches wide which appear to be running together. The natural tunnel 
 has been extended eighteen feet on a two-Inch streak wnicii carries fM gold, 
 85 per cent, copper. One of the other ledges is eight feet with an eight to 
 ten-Inch rny streak carrying U) per cent, copper, $8 gold, |8 stiver, shown up 
 by a twenty-eight foot tunnel. The other ledge is about ten feet in a small 
 shaft. 
 
 Cropping to a width of 2.^0 feet up the side of a mountain, twelve miles 
 above the mouth of Becklor River and four miles east of the Coppn^r group 
 on Trout Creek is a prent eonper ledge dl.acov( red In the fall of 189r) bv J. 
 Frank Bleakle;, and Charles Shepp, who have the Anaconda group of four 
 claims on it. This ledge Is cut and exposed liy the river and luis been traced 
 for 3,000 feet In a north and south course, pitching slightly to the west. It 
 Is in a contact between r'orphyry .-ind slate anel carries chalcopyrlte and cop- 
 per pyrites, with bunches of hornite mixed with porphyry, spar and quartz 
 stringers, and is pronounced by men familiar with the ore of Anaconda, 
 Mont., to be exactly like it. Three tunnels have been run from the foot wall 
 to cross-cut the ledge, one of them being in thirty feet, and assays run from 5 
 to 32 per cent, copper, five to eleven ounces silver. 
 
 Development is already in progress by Lot Wilbur and others of 
 Snohomish, on the recently discovered Pride of Index group of two 
 claims, near the base of West Index, one mile from the Great Northern 
 Railroad and two miles due south of the town of Index. The ledge 
 runs through a small mountain north of West Index and crops from 
 twelve to twenty feet wide, beinpr traceable VOO to 800 feet en the surface. 
 A tunnel was started on the ledge and showed eight feet of mineralized 
 ledge matter, but as it gave too little depth a new tunnel was started 
 on the hanging wail 200 feet below. This ran through slide rock for the first 
 twenty-one feet, but for the next twenty feet has been in the solid ledge, 
 showing chalcopyrlte across the whole face, with bunches of hornite all 
 through and with mineral also on the walls. Th^re is a pay streak of four- 
 teen inches of solid chalcopyrlte, which assayed 38H per cent, copper, $4 gold, 
 129.90 silver, a total value of $112.10. A test carload shipment will be made in 
 June. 
 
 Two miles south of Index, on a small stream running Into the main Sky- 
 komlsh river, is the Alpha group of three claims, owned by the Alpha Gold 
 & Copper Mining Company. One ledge, on which are two claims, generally 
 follows the course of the stream and has been uncovered by it for several 
 hundred feet. It is twenty feet wide, heavily mineralized with iron pyrites 
 on the surface, the ore in places being, almost solid and assaying $5 to .$6 gold 
 and copper. The indications are, however, that, as depth is gained, copper 
 will preeloniinnte. The third claim Is on a fortv-foot cross ledge running re 
 right angles to the first and containing concentrating iron pyrites for its 
 entire width. Both ledges can be opened by tunnels at great depth, the 
 upper end of the property being 2.000 feet above the lower, and a bucket 
 tramway two miles long would transport the ore to the railroad. 
 
 A recent diFcovery of the same kind of ore was made by A. W. McRee 
 and the late Bud McRee three miles west of Index and one-quarter mile 
 north of the Great Northern Railroad. Three claims were taken on a series 
 of parallel ledges of copper ore of great size, surface specimens of which 
 assayed $15 gold and copper. 
 
< - 
 
 mmmmmmaaams.. 
 
 n 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NuRTHWEST. 
 
 MILLER RIVEB. 
 
 Although the people of Seattle are too broad-minded and energrotlc to 
 con line their efforts to the develoi)ment of the mlniiit^ OlHtrlcts of llieli- own 
 <'ounty, ino dlHtrlft Uialned by the streams flowing nortViward Into the Sky- 
 komlsh south fork has a peculiar Interest for them, for it is close to their 
 home and in King county. To arrive at it, they have only to take the 
 <Treat Northern train to Skykomlsh, eighty-ttve miles, and then go by road 
 five miles, and by trail two miles further, to reach me head of Miller River, 
 to which the road will be extended this summer. Skykomlsh Is distant llfty- 
 two null s from the Juverett smelter and i;!6 miles from the Tacoma smelter. 
 
 If any man has any doubts as to the strength and permanence of 
 the ledges of this district, ho has only to visit them and he will be 
 convinced. The country rock on the backbone of the ridge in which 
 the lodges are found is granite and syenite, and the mineral-bearing 
 rock has filled fissures In these strata, only to be worn down by snow 
 and water as it is decomposed by the action of the air, leaving perpendicular 
 walls 100 to 200 feet on each side. Thus the ledges are usually found In the 
 beds of narrow "orges in the basins at the head of the strea.ms or on the sides 
 of the mountains which form the canyons, and are easily traceable from base 
 to summit of the range. The ledge matter is generally porphyrltlc quartz, 
 often so uniformly mineralized as to pay for concentration on the ground, and 
 carries nay streaks rich enough to pay for shipment, even with the present 
 costly means of transportation to the railroad. The ore carries Iron and 
 Oopper sulphides, eray copper and galena, carrying gold and silver, the pay 
 streaks elvlne I'sually from $50 to $fiO a ton. the second grade ore from $10 to $20. 
 Some of the ledges, however, are much richer, those on the Cleopatra Basin 
 carrying sjt.:verai iiunuieu ounces in srlver, and those near the summit over- 
 looking that basin running high In copper. Further northward, towards the 
 mouths of the streams, are dikes of dlorite, in which occur ledges of pyrltic 
 ore carrying native copper and gold near the surface; also dikes of dolomite 
 and porphyry with ledges of sulphide and gray copper ore. The ledges of 
 pyrites are heavily capped with magnetic Iron and are rich in copper and gold 
 and often carry silver. 
 
 Prospecting in this district began while the Great Northern Railroad was 
 under construction in 1892, by W. L.. Sanders and Archie Williamson, and 
 successive .dscoveries have shown such v/ealth that active development by 
 outside capital Is In progress ana the district can now boast of the posses- 
 sion of the second power-drill plant in the Cascade mountains. Its principal 
 mine, which is being developed by this plant, has already made large ship- 
 ments giving conclusive evlderce of its value. This Is the Coney mine, 
 owned by the Baltimore & Seattle Mining & Reduction Company. It is on 
 the basin at the head of Coney Cieek, which Hows into Miller River from 
 the west and Is six miles from the Great Northern Railroad. The group 
 consists of nine claims on three parallel ledges running diagonally up the 
 basin lo the summ't, ten, seven and six feet wide respectively, two of them 
 uniting on the summit In a blow-out 100 feet wide and all three being traiMJ- 
 able across to the Snoqualmie side of the divide. A strong spur runs up tfte 
 center of the basin into this series of ledges and Is the point where develop- 
 ment began. The ledge matter Is porphyrltlc quartz carrying auriferous ga- 
 lena and iron sulphides between syenite walls. The spur above mentioned 
 cropped five feet wide on the sui-face and a tunnel has been run along it for 
 225 feet. This tunnel cut a;i ore chute thirty feet long and live feet wide 
 forty feet from the mouth, and eighty feet further the ledge widened to 
 fourteen feet wide, half of which was good ore. From the first chute forty 
 tons was shii^ped in 1895 and returned $58.70 per ton over freight and treat* 
 ment. In the fall of 189G a power drnl plant of three drills op^-ated by com- 
 pressed air was installed, power being generated by a dynamo driven by a 
 water wheel at the falls of Coney Creek and conducted to a motor in 
 the tunnel, which is connected wltli the power house by telephone. The 
 machinery was put in operation on January 12, 1897, and after being supple- 
 mented with a fan to clear away smoke after the blasts, contliiued the tun- 
 nel at the rate of nine feet a day. After penetrating 180 feet it cut a second 
 chute of concentrating ore eight feet wide and twenty-two feet long, carry- 
 ing iron sulphides and galena. After cutting through a granite horse, it 
 ran into soft rock heavily mlneralired, five and one-half feet wide between 
 straight and smooth wall.«. This turriel, while developing good bodies of ore 
 in the Cone> spur, sufficient to pay Its cost, is designed to cross-cut the main 
 ledges, the first of which it will tap 800 feet further at a depth of 800 feet, 
 the second 150 feet further still at a depth of about 1.000 feet and the third 
 300 f-^et further at a depth of 1.200 feet, wlille a further extension under the 
 highest point will give a d-'pth of 2,'/00 feet. The company Is putting In a 
 larger drill to work in the hard rock av.d intends to use the smaller ones for 
 soft rock and stoping. Twenty men are employed on double shift. 
 
IST. 
 
 -rh 
 
 
 and energotlc to 
 
 lic-ts f>f Liieir own 
 
 arci Into the Sky- 
 
 t Is close to their 
 
 only to take the 
 
 then go by road 
 
 d of Miller River, 
 
 sh Is distant ilfty- 
 
 Tacoma snaelter. 
 
 d permanenoe of 
 
 in<l he will be 
 
 ridge in which 
 
 e minef/al-bearlng 
 
 n down by snow 
 
 Ing perpendicular 
 
 ;uully found in the 
 
 ims or on the sides 
 
 liueable from base 
 
 porphyritlc cjuartz, 
 
 on the ground, and 
 
 n with the present 
 
 e carries iron and 
 
 ind sliver, the pay 
 
 ' ore from $10 to $20. 
 
 he Cleopatra Basin 
 
 ' the summit over- 
 
 iward, towards the 
 
 ar ledges of pyritic 
 
 dikes of dolomite 
 ire. The ledges of 
 
 in copper and gold 
 
 ;hern Railroad was 
 e Williamson, and 
 ve development by 
 oast of the posses- 
 ains. Its principal 
 / made large shlp- 
 
 1 the Coney mine, 
 lompany. It is on 
 
 Miller River from 
 iroad. The group 
 
 diagonally up the 
 ively, two of them 
 
 three being trace- 
 g spur runs up the 
 lint where develop- 
 ring auriferous ga- 
 r above mentioned 
 en run along It for 
 and five feet wide 
 ledge widened to 
 le first chute forty 
 
 freight and treat- 
 s opt^rated by com- 
 >rnamo driven by a 
 ;ed to a motor In 
 )y telephone. The 
 after being supple- 
 continued the tun- 
 eet it cut a second 
 
 feet long, carry- 
 
 1 granite horse, It 
 feet wide between 
 good bodies of ore 
 ci'oss-cut the main 
 L depth of 800 feet, 
 feet and the third 
 stension under the 
 my is puttinfr in a 
 le smaller ones for 
 bio shift 
 
 Rail 
 
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 MI 
 
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IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 tii |2^ |2.5 
 
 |5o ■^" mWM 
 
 U£ 1^ 12.2 
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 1.8 
 
 1.25 nil 1.4 IIIIII.6 
 
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 ^'^J> 
 
 
 
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 HiotDgraphic 
 
 Sciences 
 
 Corporation 
 
 
 23 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 
 
 (716) 872-4503 
 

 kT^^ 
 
 '/. 
 
 e 
 
 ^ 
 
 
^u*^ 
 
 »j ^M n. < i f m Uk " ^-T'- - 
 
 niller IRIver, Hoiniey Creek 
 
 and 
 
 If 
 
 ti 
 
 Bifleea Vista, 
 
 KINO COUNTY, WASHINGTON. 
 
 Railways.: 
 Wagtm Road)*.; 
 
 Trails. 
 
 Summit liwK 
 
 INDEX TO NUMBEMEO CUIUS. 
 
 f: 
 
 12. 
 113. 
 (14. 
 
 m. 
 
 lie. 
 
 u. 
 
 MILLER RIVER. 
 
 Hona 
 MoKiiiley. 
 
 Lynn. 
 
 Belle. 
 
 liittie Una. 
 
 War Eagle. 
 
 Jay Hawker. 
 
 Monntain Lion. 
 
 Blncher. 
 
 Hif^hlander. 
 
 Mountain Goat 
 
 CaptAin 
 
 Easter. 
 
 Clara K. 
 
 Great Nortllenk 
 
 BobtaU. 
 
 Grand Central 
 
 Le Roy. 
 
 v^ashini^toa. 
 
 Seait?a 
 
 Ace8 Up. 
 
 Lncky Jim. 
 
 Cleopatra Groof, 
 
 UinnecadoM. 
 
 Baltimoro. 
 
 U.P. 
 
 Condor. 
 
 CoaejGrevp. 
 
 MONEY CREEK. 
 
 1. Red Coat 
 
 2. Chicago 
 
 3. Pinto. 
 
 4. San Franeiscoi 
 
 5. Apex. 
 
 6. Damon and Pytiilas, 
 
 TOLT RIVER. 
 
 1. Black Chief: 
 
 2. Mammoth. 
 
 3. Baltimore. 
 i. Lady Bella 
 
 NORTH FORK 
 
 SN0QU4LMIE. 
 
 I. Fletcher WebatM*. 
 1 Red Clond. 
 
 3. North Fork. 
 
 4. Betsy Rosa. 
 6; Paradise. 
 6(. Monitor. 
 
 7. Copper Qneea. 
 
 8. Banker HllL 
 
 9. lllihois. 
 10. West Virginia. 
 
 II, Bay View, 
 U. ilUanoa. 
 
 SCALE OF MILfiS 
 
 «n i^^:l>ACi|Hi^«i*«M>MiAi|f ' 
 
 •^iiTWWt 
 
 mm 
 
 mm 
 
 mmf 
 
■iM(>n ^i.^m'^eMin 
 
 tiii& 
 
 
 { 
 
 W 
 
 
 
 j:!*;r 
 
 ■»i;"i; ■!«!-• > 
 
 .-•-' 
 
 1(1/ 
 
 j5^»Ah- 
 
 /< 
 
 l»>i'; 
 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 n 
 
 The Brooklyn gro^ip of thirteen claims, owned by Andrew Hemrlch, D. N. 
 Baxter, George A. Pratt and Dexter T. Sapp, Is on two ledges twenty-flv© 
 and ten feet wide, traceable along a canyon which runs into the basin front 
 the west and extending over the summit. They show on the surface streaks 
 of high grade ore two and four feet wide, with smaller streaks through the 
 gangue. The ore is Iron and copper sulphides carrying 8 to 12 per cent, 
 copper, 110 to $20 gold and silver 
 
 On eastward extensions of the Coney Basin ledges is the Tornado groui> 
 of three claims, owned by Frank Campbell and George M. Bonney, showing 
 pay streaks six to twelve inches wide, on which a shaft is going down- and 
 tunnels pre being run. 
 
 The property next in rank to the Ccney, so far as active development 
 Is concerned, is the Cleopatra gioup of three claims on the King Solomon 
 Basin, owned by the Cleopatra Mining Company. The three claims are on 
 one ledge, which crops to a width of forty feet between the perpendicular 
 granite walls of a gorge wnich cu\s the basin clear over the summit, the walls, 
 which are 150 to 200 feet high, making its course clearly traceable. On th» 
 hanging wall an ore chute Is ex^josed five feet wide and at least thirty feet 
 long, carrying antimnnial silver chlorides of silver and gray copper ore, an 
 aver.age sample of which assay d 368 ounces silver, $10 gold. There are sev- 
 eral other pay streaks assaying $35, $46 and $107 gold and silver, and the whol» 
 ledge la will enough mineralized with iron sulphurets to pay for concentra- 
 tion. A cross-cut has been run 129 feet, striking a stringer which runs into 
 the ore chute. The tunnel was then turned to follow this stringer, which 
 showed streaks of galena and .sulphides in all the seams of the ledge matter, 
 and ran along it for 299 feet, when all the stringers ran together in a streak 
 of ore two to three feet thick and the tunnel pierced the hanging wall of 
 the ledge, with quartz carrying streaks of sulphurets and gray copper in th» 
 face. The ore in the feeder was left in the tunnel wall and drifting is being; 
 continued for twenty feet on the ledge before cross-cutting to the foot wall. 
 In which the ore chute crops. An assay of one stringer ran 581 ounces silver, 
 flO gold; another of gray copper carried 45 ounces silver and $6 gold; whila 
 the quartz in the ledge proper carried $7 gold in sulphurets, but no silver. 
 
 On extensions on the Cleopatra group down the mountain and on parallel 
 ledges the Miller River Mining Company has seven claims, located In the 
 fall of 1896. Work was continuecl until wlnt r and will be resumed in iiie 
 spring. Three tunnels were driven about fifteen feet each, one showing two 
 feet of ore which assayed $10 to $70 gold and silver in gray copper, sulphides 
 and a little galena; another showing a twelve-foot ledge carrying streaks of 
 ore which assay $16 to $66. 
 
 The Cleopatra ledge is paralleled in another similar gorge by a seven-foot 
 ledge which runs into it near the summit, and by a third on five feet of ore. 
 George A. Pratt and F. D. McNaughton having the Cataract group of three 
 claims on them. 
 
 The two Unicom claims, owned by 8. J. Marquis and Albro Gardner, Jr., 
 are on a ledge ranging from six to eight feet wide, carrying sulphides ana 
 Sray copper, which has been traced half a mile up the Cleopatra Basin, 
 while Mr. Marquis has the Sphinx on another twenty feet wide and the 
 Ironsides on one of twelve feet, all of similar character. 
 
 Oi>. the summit of the Cleopatra basin and extending down 90th liie Sno- 
 qualmie and Miller Tciver sides of the ridge, Dr. L. M. Lessey and A. 8. 
 Nickerson hav^ the Romeo groufi of seven claims. One of these is 'on the 
 Cleopatra ledge, with as good a surface showing as that property, unsaying 
 187 gold and silver in gray copper, galena and antimonial silver. Two more 
 are on a parallel fifteen foot ledge with numerous feeders running into it. 
 The other four are on a ledge of the same character traced from the snmmit 
 down to the base of the ridge, an open cut showing It to widen from eight to 
 ten feet with only plight depth. 
 
 To the east of the Cleopatra Basin Is a forty-foot ledge of porphyritic 
 quartz and spar between walls of granite and dtorlte, showing six feet of 
 copper sulphides and white iron, on which T. F. Townsley and J. W. Perkins 
 have the Etta. On the summit of the basin T. A. Woodworth and Al Eurich 
 have the King David on a ledge of dulphide ore which crops eight feet wide. 
 These are recent discoveries which there has been no opportunity to develop. 
 
 A ledge which promises to be as rich as the Cleopatra, though with less 
 showing, is cut by King Solomon Creek a little below the Cleopatra Badiu 
 and is held by the Sunday and another claim of W. L. Sanders. E. B. Palmer 
 and H. S. Phlnney. On the surface It showed several streaks of gray copper 
 and antimonial silver broken by granite horses and assaying 50 to 77 ounces 
 silver, $10 to $16.40 gold. Two cross-cuts opened a streak of gray ccpper six 
 to twenty inches n-ide, which assayed 366 ounces silver, $2.40 gold. A tunnel 
 was then started further down, on which the ore is coming in. 
 
 During the summer of 1896 discoveries were extended to the basin at th» 
 head of tne west fork ot Miller River, one mile east of the Cleopatra Basin. 
 The Highlander group of four claims, in a block 1,200x3,000 feet, and a mlHstte, 
 owned by the Highlander Gold & Silver Mining Company, has four ledges 
 running through it. ranging in width from six to fourteen feet, the wldtst 
 heing traced the whole length of the claims between well defined walls. All 
 •how streaks of sulphurets, gray copper and some gale'ia, assaying $6 to 128; 
 
 r- 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 jirincipally In gold. The discovery was made too lute In the season tj allow 
 of much development, but trails were (^ut, camp built and a runnel started 
 in readiness for thorough work this season. » 
 
 The Clara K. group of live claims on this bosln, under bond to William 
 Garrard, has a series of lerlgcs on which conslderalile prospf siting was dona 
 before winter. One ledge Is ten feet with a ten-'.nch streak of ore on each 
 wall; another is covend Dy two t laims and is six f' et, with six Inches of ore; 
 a third shows six Inches of pay ore In a thirty-Inch ledge. 
 
 The Mountain Gom group of four claim.s, owmd by G. W. Morley, hns two 
 ledges each cropping eight feet wide and carrying suit jrots. One of them 
 gave an assay from the surface of $20 gold, $4 silver. Dlri;t!y :i<iotH the 
 river from them he has the Jumbo on a body of pyrites covered wltli an iron 
 cap fifty feet wide. 
 
 The two Bobtail claims, which Frank Campbell, G. M. Bonney, Pat 
 Campbeil and Bat Wilkinson have on the west of Miller River, are on a six- 
 foot ledge with eight to sixteen Inches of pay ore similar to that of tno 
 Cleopatra, the remaining ledge matter carrying enough mineral to pay for 
 •concentration. A late discovery was an eight-foot ledge with a sixteen-lnch 
 pay streak of similar ore, on which Fr.irk Campbell, R. K. Anderson aitd 
 John Corrlgan have the Aces Up. 
 
 On a mountain-top eight miles from the moutn of -Villler River is a grtat 
 blow-out of Iron covering a blanket ledge at 'east 100 feet wide carrying 
 pyrites, which gives surface assays of $35 gold and <••. llttlv> co'^per. F'nrther 
 down the mountain is another similar ledge running along the chor*; of a 
 small lake and partly under water, the exposed iiart being six feet wl.lo and 
 carrying pyrites which assays $8 gold. This was only discov'^ri: 1 in October, 
 1896, and Is covered by the Twin Lakes claim, which the Cynosure Minlniir 
 Company has bought and Is preparing to develop. 
 
 Cropping on both sides of Coney Creek Is an iron-capped ledge which was 
 originally located for iron several years ago and which shows in many places 
 seventy feet wide. Its ordinary width being twelve feet, with twenty feet of 
 ^my quartz beside It. On this ledge the Mount Cleveland Mining Company 
 has the Le Rol and War Eagle, from the surface of which it has taken ore 
 assaying $17 gold, $6 silver, besides copper. The company intends to cross-cut 
 the ledge In tne spring to define its width and character. 
 
 The Katie group of three claims, held by Henry Nute, covers a four-foot 
 ledge, with eight to ten inches of pay ore carrying galena, sulphides and gray 
 copper, on which he is tunneling. 
 
 Development has been pushed to good purpose on the Triune group of six 
 -claims by W. L. Sanders and Frank Wandschneider. On one ledge from 
 -eighteen Inches to six feet wide are two claims, on which a 140-foot tunnel 
 shows twelve Inches of ore, assaying $40 to $60 gold and sliver, and four feet 
 of concentrating ore full of streaks of sulphides, arsenical Iron and galena. 
 
 The pioneer locations by W. L. Sanders are the two Lynn claims, on a 
 ledge running nearly north and south In a canyon on the left bank and 
 cutting across the stream. It Is three to six feet wide and has been traced 
 2,000 feet, showing sixteen Inches of sulphides, galena and gray copper. The 
 supposed extension runs through the two Belle claims, owned by Messrs 
 Sanders and Schlegel. A twelve-foot ledge with four or five Inches of $24 ore 
 carrying copper, lead and sulphides r".ns through the two Hawkeye claims 
 and a stringer with six to eight Inches of $11 ore carrying gold and sliver la 
 held by the remaining two of the Hawkeye group. 
 
 Another strong ledge Is on the Lone Star group of four claims, owned by 
 Archie Williamson and William Tlmpe. It runs northwest and southeast 
 across Great Falls Creek, between walls of granite, and Is twelve feet wide. 
 with four streaks of pay ore aggregating fifteen to twenty-one Inches which 
 carry Iron sulphides and gray copper and assay $57 silver, $10 gold with 
 concentrating ore filling the remainder of the ledge. A sixty-foot tunnel on 
 the footwall shows one pay streak to widen to sixteen Inches with galena 
 -coming In. On extensions are the Mlna, by James Doughertv and Hu«rh 
 Mcintosh; the Spider, by William Lee. A. L. Bayliss and A. William^n 
 and the Markley, by James Dougherty and William Lee. On two narallel 
 ledges, two and four feet wide, with four and six Inch pay streaks Mr 
 Williamson has the Double Stamp, and on another five feet wide with thrM 
 or four inches of ore, H. ia. Phlnney and E. B. Palmer have the McKlnlev 
 
 Adjoining the Lone Star Is the Little Una group of eight claims owned 
 by W. L. Sanders and M. L. Ransom, of Toledo. Ohio. The grout, has thrlS 
 Iron cap ledges, two parallel ones varying from thirty to slxtv feet and i! 
 cross ledge twenty feet. The mineral is iron pyrites, with some coDDer In 
 ore chutes fifteen to twenty feet wide, and assays ^ive $3 to $11 Lid on thS 
 surface and all the way from $2.50 to $62 gold at greater depth. A cross-cut 
 tunnel Is being run to tap the ore chute on the widest ledge. »-to»» oui 
 
 Another 'of the early discoveries Is the Mono, by Archie Wllllamaon on m. 
 ledge of pyrites forty feet wide, carrying ore which assavs 7 "o Ifl^^^' cilrt 
 copper, $f to $36 silver, $5 to $8 gold. This ore shows In tu^nnels twe^y-el«?ht 
 and sixty feet across the ledge which have not reached the waU Extenlona 
 «f thl . ledge are the Orphan Boy. by Duncan Graham. J. J. Ferguson JamSS 
 £?d ^oSghertJ Willfamson. and the Orphan Girl, by Messrs. WUitanSSS 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 The large Investments of outside capital in the principal properties :a this 
 district are an assurance of continued development, and the showlnt;;* so far 
 made warrant the expectation of further investment to put the mlnest on a 
 producing basis. 
 
 MONEY GREEK. 
 
 The series of mineral ledges which Is exposed at the head of Miller River, 
 and in the mountains through which it tiows, extends beyond the sources of 
 Money Creek through the ridge dividing the SkykomldU and Snoaualmi» 
 watersheds, the Toit flowing southward Into the latter river from a point 
 whence Money Creek flows northward into the BKykomlsh. The mineral 
 discoveries extend along the mountains on each bank of Money Creek, havlns 
 begun with the Apex leUge of galena, gray copper and sulphurets on the 
 headwaters by Alexander McCartney in 1889. Further down the stream and 
 on the tributaries which leap down precipitous gorges, there are grear. bodies- 
 of sulphide ore carrying gold and copper, which from their proximity to the 
 railroad are likely to be early developed. The route from Seattle is by the 
 Qreat Northern Itallroad to Skykomish, elghty-Hve miles, by road one mile, 
 and by trail six miles, to the head of the creek. The distance from the 
 Everett smelter is flfty-two miles; from that at Tacoma, ninety-three miles. 
 Communication will b« much improved this season by the construction of a 
 wagon road up tne creek within a short distance of the most remote 
 properties. , 
 
 The first discovery was aldo the first property to be developed and ship 
 ore. This was the Apex group of five claims, recently bonded by Alexander 
 McCartney, G. R. Procter, Edwin Stevens and Miss Fanny Stein to J. R. 
 Stephens, of Spokane, lor $20,000. Four of these claims are on one ledge, 
 which crops in the gorge of Milwaukee Creek between syenite walls and has 
 been traced up the mountain and over the summit to Lake Elizabeth. At one 
 point in the gorge it crops forty feet wide and at another thirteen feet 
 flride. but the richest ore is found on the side of the Milwaukee Basin, 700 feet 
 above, w'.iere the ledge Is three to live feet wide between strong walls. It has 
 been opened at the latter point by means of two tunnels, the upper 118 feet 
 and the lower 300 feet, with a lift of seventy feet between them. The lower 
 tunnel was driven forty feet through the slide rocl^ and cut three ore chutes, 
 each about forty feet long with a six-Inch pay streak of smelting ore. The 
 third chute has been stoped out from the upper tunnel and for a lift of flfty 
 feet from the lower tunnel, the ore being shipped to the smelter and returning 
 an aggregate of over $13,000. It carried about 2hi ounces gold, 6 ounces silver 
 and 4 per cent, copper, being steel galena, gray copper, sulphides of iron and 
 arsenical Iron. The other two chutes carry $43 and $46, respectively, in gold 
 and sliver and have In sight over $15,000 worth of smelting ore. Beside the 
 pay streak Is a streak of concentrating ore from six to forty Inches wide 
 assaying about $12 a ton. There are several hundred tons of seconU-gra,de ore 
 on the dump. The ore shipped has paia for development In the face of a cost 
 of $13 a ton for packing seven and one-half miles to the railroad. 
 
 The same parties have the Damon and Pythias on a four-foot ledge oC 
 similar ore, and on Uoat Basin, four miles above the mouth of Money CreAk, 
 they have the Sockless and Solomon on a ledge seven or eight feet wide, 
 with twenty inches of high-grade ore similar to the Apex, which assays $17 to 
 $60 in gold, silver and lead, chiefly gold. A forty-foot tunnel on the ledge 
 shows good ore all th*- way. 
 
 The Bonanza Queen group of eight claims, owned by the Gold Mountain 
 Mining Company, consists prirtclpa..y of several properties on a gulch run- 
 ning down to irioney Creek s left bank. The Bonanza Qu6en itself is on a 
 ledge which crops on the face of a perpendicular cliff to a width of about 
 seventv-flve feet, with a dettned hanging wall of soft granite, the footwall 
 not having been found. The ledge matter Is porpayry and Is shown by a 
 tunnel run twenty-flve feet along the hanging wall to be veined througnout 
 with sulphide ore carrying $5 gold and copper, while a sample taken across 
 the face of the '.unnel assayed about $25. Half a mile further up this guloh 
 Is the San P'rancisco on a mass of similar rock striking Into th face of a 
 bluff. A tunnel sixteen feet In this rock shows a streak of six to twelve Inches 
 of solid sulphide ore. On a parallel flfty-foot ledge of porphyry, three- 
 quarters of a mile further up the creek, is the Paymaster, on which two 
 tunnels have been run about thlrty-flve feet apart. One starts near the 
 footwall and has run forr.y-flve feet through mineralized rock, and the other 
 has run thirty-five feet towards the hanging wall on heavy sulphide ore 
 similar to that in the Bonansa Queen, which will pay well to concentrate, 
 the value beitig about $S fold and silver. The other claims have good surface 
 showings, but are undeveloped. 
 
 One of the strongest showings en Money Creek Is on the Chicago group 
 of four claims, owned by C. W. ij'risbee, Malcolm McFees and Mike Earles. 
 of Seattle, A. D. Smith ahd Jbsepli Rudderhom. The first discovery was a 
 ffreat deposit of magnetic iron in the rocky peak at the summit of a mountain 
 
4e MtNINO IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 rising 1,500 feet above Money Creek, four miles above Its mouth, and In a^org* 
 down the slope, and It was proposed to mine the ore for the iron, a tunnel 
 bi-lng run forty f « et on it. A tunnel lower down the mountain last summer 
 ran Into a body of fine copper and Iron pyrites carrying flakes of native copper 
 and some peacock copper. The outcrop Is In a ravine between high wails of 
 <»orlte and 18 fully tifteen feet wide, but further down the pyrites tself wa« 
 found cropping to a width of eight feet. Three claims are on this Uidge, the 
 ore In which assays 20 per cent, copper, besides gold and .silver, and the 
 fourth claim Is t.n a similar paiallel leuge. 'thorough development will be 
 carried on this year. , „, .- , ._ ^^ 
 
 On the east fork of Money Creek H. H. Darst and W. M. Lee have the 
 Vandalla, on which a twenty-live foot tunnel shows a twenty-Inch pay streak 
 carrying <23 gold and silver In a seven-foot ledge. 
 
 SNOQUALMIE. 
 
 The mountain ridges among which the several forks of the Snoqualmie 
 River How to their eoniiuence near North Bend have long been the .scene of 
 prospecting trips on the part of the settlers In the valleys and the inhabitants 
 of the surrounding country, including some of tne pioneer re.sldents of Seattle. 
 a.nd It has been proved beyond doubt that great bodies of mineral existed 
 there. A number of reasons can be assigned for the failure to transform 
 these promising prospects .alo niines. The first was, in the early times, the 
 dilflculty of access to the country, for not oniy wore there no railroads, but 
 the country was "without wagon roada until the toll road was constructed 
 through the Snoqualmie Paas. The valley-s were a jungle through which 
 dimly traceable Indian trails led, and, there being no gmss for horses, men 
 had to pack their supplies on their backs. Another reaaon was that the 
 country was settled by farmers, who knew little or nothing of mining, and 
 they did not readily turn their hands to this unfamiliar and laborious occu- 
 pation. A third reason was that the ore bodies, wnile large, were of low 
 srrade and could not be mined prolitably without large Investme,.'. of capital, 
 which cQuld not be obtained in the country, eapeclally in days before low 
 ^rade mines had come into demand among Investors. 
 
 But these difflcuities are fast being surmounted. The Seattle & Inter- 
 national Railroad runs from Seattle lo Sallal Prairie, far up the Snoqualmie 
 Valley, and a road has been built some distance up the middle fork. The 
 settlers are adapting themselves more and more to the new industry and the 
 general demanu for mining pix>perty has encouraged them to develop their 
 claims, which they are showing lo be equal In morlt to those In other districUl 
 In the Cascade Mountains. With roads, intelligent work and capital, the 
 Snoqualmie District will tane rank with the other promising districts to the 
 north, south and east, ana will be able to boast of mines instead of prospects. 
 
 The route to this district from Seattle is by the Seattle ca International 
 Railroad to North Bend, sixty miles, for the north and middle forks and the 
 claims on and around ..^ount SI, or to Sahal Prairie, sixty-three miles, for 
 points on the south fork. From the latter point the Snoqualmie Toll Road 
 leads up the south fork to the pass, thirty miles, and trails branch off at 
 short Intervals to the various claims. From North Bend to the Everett 
 smelter Is ninety-three miles and to the Tacoma smelter 101 miles. 
 
 The geology of the Snoqualmie Basin has been little siuuleq, the first 
 attemirt to describe It being made by Professor W. H. Ruffner in hla "Report 
 on Washington Territory" for the Seattle, Lake Shore & Eastern Railway 
 Company, published in 1889. He says: 
 
 "The core of these high ranges (the Cascades) Is chiefly rock origrlnallT 
 stratified, which has been metamorphosed by heat, and nerhaps Inside of all. 
 ivith branches bursting out at various places, are plutonlc rocks which have 
 never been stratified. This Is the state of things on the top of the Cascade 
 Tlange near Snoqualmie Pass, as well as on some subordinate peaks and 
 ranges. On Mount Logan, the Denny Mountain, etc.. are large bodies of 
 syenitlc granite, whose a>re I have no means of determining. Associated 
 ■with this are quartzites of fine grain and extremely hard, porphyries and 
 serpentliiold and chlorltic rocks of different sorts, in which are imbe^'^ed the 
 magnetic iron ores; and also large beds of crystalline limestone, both t 'e and 
 coarse grained. Crossing these at various angles are veins containing the 
 precious and base metals. 
 
 The rocks forming this section are described by a well-informed prospector 
 as granite, gneiss, diorlte, talcose slate and chlorltic talcose s.late, with large 
 dikes of porphyry, and he says that In the contact between theee dikes and 
 the talcose slate the mineral ledges are mostly found. 
 
 The flrst mineral discovery in this district of which there is any record 
 was on Denny Mountain, nineteen miles from Sallal Prairie. Ic is reached by 
 xollowing the Snoqualmie wagon road to a point four miles west of the pass 
 and then taking a trail for one mile. It was made by Arthur A. Denny, 
 rather of the City of Seattle. In 1869. from Information obtained from the 
 Indians. He went to Snoqualmie Pass in search of plumbago, which h* 
 
"^mi 
 
 if tA^lO ' 
 
 
 <M ^^Y'^tr f 
 
 ■:'■'* ' 
 
 / 
 
 >. 
 
 ,i( 
 
 / 
 
 
 \ 
 
 k 
 
 \ 
 
 \ 
 
 / V 
 
 / 
 
 / 
 
 \ 
 
 / 
 
 X 
 
 \/ 
 
 \ 
 
 ^flI»l«MeM t'*«*^ ■ 
 
 1' 
 1- 
 
 "7 
 
 ,r 
 
' 
 
 ■'■.&i: 
 
 INDEX TO mmm cumi 
 
 I. Leta. 
 
 3. CleTeland. 
 
 4. Legal Tender. 
 
 6. Aaoteu 
 •.Oregor. 
 
 7. ElliaAKeU7 
 
 8. Bald Hornet. 
 
 9. Green Mountain. 
 10. Lost LodeL 
 
 IL Lanra lindBsjr. 
 1%. Delia Lane. 
 
 13. Laat Chanc& 
 
 14. Chair Peak. 
 
 15. Copper Cblef. 
 IS. Emma. 
 
 17. OommonweaUta. 
 
 18. Onje. 
 
 19. Deni». 
 
 M. BU^PriMMk 
 
 ' ' - • I .. 
 
 UNA IN THI PtMFtC NOATHWItEK 
 
 \ 
 
 BailwajM. 
 
 Wagon RntMlB. 
 
 Traite. 
 
 Bwaiait Lines. <->- _ 
 
 SCALE OF MILU 
 
CIVIL AND MIHINO tN<UN(«t. 
 

 
 
 puppoBPd thei 
 
 JRHH, br> obPI 
 
 lountaln, wl 
 
 round u ... fm 
 
 loRreeii at Its 
 
 rhifh were ^ 
 
 adies of thlH 
 
 leveral clalmt 
 
 In 18«2 Mr 
 
 Jeremlnh Bon 
 
 |o make local 
 
 If the same c 
 
 \t the falls, tl 
 
 Bet wide and 
 
 JUff liode. ar 
 
 fhey located i 
 
 pilmax Lode, 
 
 ton Mines Cc 
 
 In 1883 abt 
 
 tunnel waH 
 
 I ' .re, H8 It 
 
 itaftit'd from 
 
 BBayers. Ar 
 
 lorus ana It 
 
 ibjected to w 
 
 Bed marble f 
 
 llphur and p 
 
 the Dennj 
 
 /elopment, 
 
 Jrjfe quantitii 
 
 aHHny mac 
 
 Bnny Lode, f 
 
 ir he put a 
 
 the Korge, Ii 
 
 Ito the cliff 
 
 )rouj?h what 
 
 ]y of carboi 
 
 Ills ore and li 
 
 lo pronounc 
 
 season of 
 
 |e snow out f 
 
 bed. In 18 
 
 Ir smelting a 
 
 irkland, but 
 
 »d has not b 
 
 Another ea 
 
 Ippinp of a I 
 
 ^orlooklng Si 
 
 renty-Hve m 
 
 ten taking a 
 
 |rphyry, dlo 
 
 ithwest cou 
 
 cliff on this 
 
 seventy fe< 
 
 )pplng is IW 
 
 jstalllc Iron, 
 
 metallurfrl 
 
 {>unt;iln, 300 
 
 feot wide, 
 
 tensions of i 
 
 If. Briggs a 
 
 Another b< 
 
 kned by F. ^ 
 
 lese are on 
 
 >m Saual Pr 
 
 Bt perpendlp 
 
 mite, but th 
 
 lether the 
 
 rries 69 to 72 
 
 |lh are almos 
 
 Yet anothe: 
 [Ave claims, 
 ^d at Sallal 
 ishlng's ran< 
 t»m Its havlr 
 ^n elghty-tw 
 >untain and 
 will proba 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 41 
 
 fupposort they used to paint their faoeii. and, cltmhlnR n mountain nfar the 
 »HH. hi' ol>p<TVP(l a prcat ntroak of Iron ruat In a RorK<* on the oppoalte 
 lountaln, which has since heen named Denny Mountain. CIlmblnR to It, he 
 )Uiui . ... gorffe to t)e a rift In the Hide of the mountain, pItchInK about ¥> 
 JpKrceH at Ita foot. On raoh side was a vertloal i-llft aliout IW) feet hljfh. In 
 rhich were vertical ledj^oa of mnjrnetic Iron about Blxty feet wide, largre- 
 D<lles of thiH mineral beInK alao found on the top of these eltfCs. He located 
 Bveral claims, but did nothing to Improve them. 
 
 In 18«2 Mr. Denny, Angus Mackintosh, l". 1). Boren, James Taylor and 
 leremlah norst. the last three of whom have since dle<l, went to this mountain 
 lo make locations and, on further InvestlKHtlon, found three parallel ledKe* 
 \t the same character. The one first dlscove'-ed which crosses Denny Creek 
 U the falls, they named the Denny I-ode; anot. - i "00 feet south, which Is 132: 
 H wlile and stands out In a cliff several hundre ^t hlfrh, they named th» 
 Jllff Lode, and the third, about six feet wide, wu,' calleci the Climax Lode, 
 [hey locate<l nine claims, four on the Denny, thrc^ n the Cliff and two on the 
 Climax Lode, and Messrs. Denny, Mackintosh aru others organized the Denny 
 Ton Mines Company, which still owns the » ^up. 
 
 In 1883 about |7,000 was spent In develo. .^nt and pa'"nts were obtained, 
 tuinel was driven 100 feet on the Climax Lode, pr vlnji it to be valurlcss a» 
 ' ,re, as It carried white arsenical iron, Sevcra' fiiuusand tons of ore were 
 5iod from ^he cliff on che <'llff Lode and lest w.c made by a number of 
 Bsayers. Anulyals showed It to carry the i^ii.m.um ol sulphur and phos- 
 lorus anu It was pronounced the best quaM'.y of Deasemcr ore. It was also 
 ibje<>ted to working tests by the Moss Ray ^ron *, ompany, of Englanil whlcH 
 Bed marble from one of the walls as a flux, and w.i'i proved to be free from 
 llphur and phosphorus. Some surface work was done on the several clalm» 
 the Denny Lode, and C. K. Jenner, of Seattle, who had dirge <'f the- 
 k'elopment, determined t..at It was of no value for Iron on accoum of th» 
 ge quantities of sulphur It contained, even on the surface. In 1885 he had 
 assay made of a piece of peacock copiwr float, believed to be from the- 
 my I.,ode, and It carried $20 prold, $8 silver and 33 per cent, copper. In that 
 ir he put a force of men to work on this ledge an 1, finding a deep snowdrift 
 the gorge, he tunneled through it to the bottom of the ledge and then drilled 
 Ito the cliff for a width of fourteen to twenty feet. In doing ar he ran 
 )rough what proved to be an Iron capping three or four Inches thick into a 
 Jy of carbonates, copper sulphurets ond pyrites. Mr. Jenner took a ton of 
 ore and had a working test of it made In San Francisco by an assayer, 
 lo pronounced it the highest grade of precipitating copper ore. Later lu 
 5 swasion of 1.S85 the members of the company Vi^ent to the scene and found 
 J snow out of the gorge and th9.t the workings were forty or fifty feet above- 
 bed. In 1890 and 1891 steps were taken towards the mining of the Iron ore- 
 Ir smelting at the blast furnace and steel works then under constnictlnn at 
 Irkland, but when that enterprise failed during the panic, work was stopped 
 Id has not been resumed. 
 
 Another early dlpc6very of Iron ore, which may also prove to be only the- 
 Ipplng of a body of copper pyrites, is the Guye Iron Mines on Ouye's Peak, 
 ^orlooklng Snoqualmle Pass. It is reached by following the wagon road for 
 .enty-flve miles from North Rend to a point directly west of the pass and 
 len taking a trail for one and one-half miles. The mountain Is formed of 
 |rphyry, dlorlte and quartzite and the ore bodies follow a northeast by 
 uthwe«t course in a formation of porphyry and marble. Near the foot of 
 cliff on this mountain the body of magnetic iron crops to a width of sixty 
 seventy feet and has oeen stripped to a depth of 100 feet, while another 
 Spplng Is 100 feet deep and 150 feet wide. The ore carries 60 to 72 per cent, 
 btalllc Iron, with only traces of sulphur and phosphorus, and is pronounced 
 metallurjrists to lie first-class Bessemer iron. On the summit of the 
 >untiiln. 300 feet higher, is a round knoll of similar ore 300 feet long and 
 feet wide, but not as rich in 'ron. On these several croppings and the 
 tensions of the ledges F. M. Gu>e. Hon. Thomas Burke. Hon. John Leary, 
 [F. Brlggs and John W. Guye have twelve r^lalms patented. 
 
 Another body of what is, on the surfwct Iron ore is on the six claims, 
 >ned by F. M. and John W. Guye and known as the Green Mountain group, 
 lese are on the mountain between the middle and north forks, six milea 
 >m Saiial Prairie. The deposits are red hematite and magnetic Iron thirty 
 perpendicular and twenty-five feet wide In a formation of porphyritic- 
 mlte, but they have only been stripped and thus It has not been ascertained 
 lether the ore changes character with depth. The magnetic Iron ore 
 rries 69 to 72 per cent, and the iictuaiiLc S*? *o 65 per cent, metallic iron and 
 |tb are almost free from sulphur and phosphortis. 
 
 Tet another similar body of magnetic iron exists on the Chair Peak groui^ 
 [five claims, owned by the Chair Peak Mining Company. Leaving the r.-iil- 
 pid at Sallal Prairie, one goes by the wagon road up the middle fork tct 
 jshlng's ranch and by trail up Tuacohatchie Creek to Chair Peak, so named 
 )m Its having the form of a great arm-chair. A great oliff of magnetic 
 in eighty-two feet wide ris'-'s from Snow Lake on the east side of the 
 buntain and also crops on th. west side. It shows copper in the croppings. 
 Id will probably change to copper -ore -when the capping Is pierced. Thefe 
 
42 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 are on the same mountain deposits of marble and limestone, but the fonnar 
 has been so shattered by convulsions as to be commerciauy woruiless. 
 
 On the next ridge to the east of Chair Peait Lon Jose and others, of North 
 Bend, have a similar surface showing on the Copper Chief group, from which 
 they have run a tunnel 300 feet in the form of a horseshoe, for the purpose or 
 reaching the solid formation, and have shown sulphide ores and some galena. 
 Adjoining this e-roup Victor Penberthy and others have the Emma group, on 
 which a tifty-foot tunnel has shown a body of copper sulphides, and on Red 
 Mountain, to the northeast, J. W. Walrath and Robert IMamond have the 
 Commonweaithi on which a 250-foot tunnel has shown a large body of copper 
 pyrites. 
 
 Returning to North Bend, we And a number of claims on Mount SI, the 
 bold shoulder of the ridge dividing tne north and middle forlis, and on the 
 continuation of that ridge. 
 
 On the north forli side of Mount Si, three and one-half mllee from North 
 Bend, iMed li.ilis and Aib. rt iv» liy, of Ntw ioik, have two claims on a ledge 
 which is said to crop eighty feet wide and in which a seventy-foot tunnel 
 shows a sixteen-inch strtak of sulphides with some galena, assays running 
 as high as |20. 
 
 On a heavily iron-cappeu ledge traced up this mountain W. C. Keith, W. 
 H. Clark and F. Henderson have the Annie group of three claims. A fifty- 
 foot tunnel is in sulphide ore and chalcopyrlte all the way between well- 
 dettned walls pitchlnR SO degrees, and a seventy-five-foot tunnel Is also in ore 
 almost its whole length, whue an eight-foot shaft shows the ledge seven feet 
 between walls. An average of several assays is about %'ZS gold and silver. 
 Another ledge crops on the middle claim, but has not l>een defined. 
 
 On a parallel ledge John B. Gregor has shown similar ore in a sixty-foot 
 tunnel, and in a new tunnel started lielow it in the fall of 1896, he struck two 
 feet of fine sulphide ore, while further down the mountain he discovered a 
 new ledge containing three feet of ore, which assayed $75 In all values 
 
 The Copper Bell and i^eta are new locations by Sherry McElroy, Joseph 
 Sher«, George Sharlk and Charles Baxter on what was formerly well known 
 as the Black Jack ledge, two and one-half miles from Sallal Prairie on the 
 north fork. The ledge is a large one, in the contact between granite and 
 gneiss, and carries low-grade concentrating ore in the form of sulphides, 
 which assay about $10 in gold, silver and 6opper, while four cross ledges, one 
 to four feet wide, carry ore of higher grade, which is free milling on the 
 surface. A tunnel was run 136 feet on a stringer and showed the ore to change 
 from free milling to concentrating. A drift from this tunnel ran forty feet 
 to the left and then ran sixty-eight feet to strike the contact of the main 
 ledge. Another tunnel is in 170 feet on a stringer, 200 feet below, to tap the 
 same ledge. The owners propose to erect a small mill this spring to reduce 
 the free milling ore. 
 
 On Mount Tenerlffe, aoout half a mile further up the north fork, W. C. 
 Kedth and W. B. Akers »iave the Clevelana and Legal 'i-^noer on a iwenty- 
 foot ledge, carrying fine sulphurets of iron and copper, vhich assay about 
 $40 gold. The ledge has been cross-cut for sixteen feet, and a thirty-foot 
 tunnel follows the pay streak on the hanging wall. 
 
 Near the foot of Chair Peak is the L^iura l^indsay, one of the oldest loca- 
 tions in the district, now owned by the Bowker brothers. It has a four-foot 
 ledge of sulphide ore in a soft talcose gangue between walls of granite and 
 slate and a 250-foot tunnel shows ore carrying $30 to $40 gold and silver. 
 
 On Taylor river, a tributary of the middle fork, Thomas Nlles has the 
 Lost Lode, on which an eifhty-foot cross-cut has tapped a strong ledge, but 
 has not struck the wall, showln? ore woll mineralized with gold, silver, lead 
 and molybdenite, generally associated with hornblende. 
 
 The Last Chance group of three claims on McCiellan Butte Is on a true 
 Assure ledge of quart.''., oarryir.g pyrites, which has been traced for a mile. 
 Three tunnels, the longest one of which la sixty feet, have shown four feet 
 of ore between strong walls, assaying $7.50 to $15 in gold and silver. 
 
 On Profile Mountain, so calleri from a big cllfi which, when seen at a 
 certain angle, forms a perfect profile of George Washington, the Pac!:lo 
 Mining Company has the Oella Jane group of seven claims, 'ihe ledge Is a 
 true fissure two feet wide, a.s shown in a twenrf;y-foot cross-cut, and carries 
 about $17 free gold in decomposed quartz gangue. Another ledge of the same 
 size and character runs Into a porphyry dike and has been opened by a 
 iseventy-four-foot tunnel. This company Is preparing to resume work this 
 «prlng. 
 
 At the Star Oabln. twenty-six miles from North Bend on the south fork, 
 'SV. C. Weeks and George W. Tlbbetts have the Black Prince group, on which 
 they have done a good amount of work. 
 
 The miners along the south and middle fork of the Snoqualmle have 
 organized the Summit Mining District, but it is generally known as the Sno- 
 qualmle district, and that name has been adopted to avoid confusion with 
 the Summit District in Pierce County. 
 
iunruT. 
 
 PIERCE and YAKIMA COUNTIES. 
 WASHINGTON. 
 
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MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 BXJENA VISTA. 
 
 This district lies along the north fork of the Snoqualmle river and Its 
 tributaries and Is an extension across the ridge of the Miller and Money 
 Creek districts, having iiia same characteristics. In fact, many of the 
 principal claimS are on extensions of the great ledges of Miller river and 
 Money Creek traced through the ridge to the Snoqualmle side— a striking: 
 evidence of the strength and permanence of the mineral, bodies of the Cas- 
 cade Range. 
 
 It is only within the last year that much work has been done on the north 
 fork, its distance from tae railroad— about twenty-flve miles— being an 
 obstacle, though the extension of the road by King County would do much 
 to make it accessible. The route to it is by the Seattle & International Rail- 
 road to North Bend, sixty miles from Seattle, then by road for nineteen miles 
 and the remainder of the distance by trail. 
 
 A notable instance of the tracing of a series of ledges th.-ough a lofty 
 mountain ridge is the Mastodon group of eleven claims, near the head of the 
 north fork. These are on the extension of the Brooklyn series of ledges from 
 Coney Basin in the Miller River district. On one of these work has been 
 continued since June, 1896, having begun on a small scale in the previous 
 year. A shaft is down fifty feet, cutting a ledge ten or twelve feet wide. In 
 which there is three feet of copper sulphurets and gp'ena assaying as high 
 as eighty ounces silver, $20 gold and 29 per cent, cop r. The other ledges 
 are of the same character and equally strong. This g oup Is owned by J. M. 
 Sharp, the estate of John Miller and J. L. Warner, of Rossland, B. C. 
 
 One mile from this group are the Artzona and Washington, owr.^J b; the 
 
 Arizona Gold Mining Company, which are on the extension of the Money 
 
 Creek ledges through the ridge, being one and one-half miles from the Apex 
 
 and one mile from the BrooKlyn. The Arizona has an east and west ledge of 
 
 porphyry forty feet wide between walls of granite which stand up 100 feet 
 
 perpendicularly on each side and carries a body of copper sulphide ore assay- 
 
 • Ing $35, mostly gold, on the surface. The Washington has a similar ledge 
 
 : fifty feet wide, mineralized thiougnout and carrying twenty f^et of pay ore, 
 
 i being clearly traceable up the face of the cliff. The company has a mlllsite on 
 
 two small lakes 400 feet south of the Washington, thai outlet of which will 
 
 I furnish water power. 
 
 f One mile above the mouth of the middle prong of the north fork is the 
 iFletcher Webster group of nine claims owned by Andrew Hemrich, Philo 
 iRuthprfora and others. The main Fedge is eight feet wide in the croppings, 
 ll)ut widens at one point to forty feet. An open cross-cut and a forty-foot 
 Itunnel snow it to be mineralized enough throughout to pay for concentration 
 land to carry four feet oi pay ore averaging $."52 in gold and silver, from a 
 Inumber of assays. The mineral on the surface is iron sulphides, but changes 
 |at depth to galena ore. with Increasing value. This change in character Is 
 general throughout this district. 
 
 On Ill.nois Creek, a tributary of the main north fork. George A. Pratt and 
 )avid Rushing have the Belle of Tennessee group of nine claims on a ledge 
 twenty feet wide, showing in the croppings an ore chute forty feet longr, 
 ^xrrying $15 gold, $S.60 silver on the surface. 
 
 SUMMIT. 
 
 Deriving its name from its position on the summit of the Cascade Range 
 imong the foothills of Mount Rainier, this district, which was organized in 
 1891, occupies the northwest corner of Yakima and the eastern part of Pierce 
 ipuntles. On the west It Is at the sources of Sliver Creek, flowing into White 
 River, and on the east its waters form Morse and Union Creeks, which unite 
 In American River, an aflSuent of Bumping River, which empties -into the 
 pTakima. Accessible alike from the east and west, It has been explored by 
 the people of Tacoma and Buckley on the latter, and of Yakima on the 
 fopmer side, but the western men have the majority of the properties. The 
 feountry formation is mostly of crystalline eruptive rock, although slate and 
 limestone are to be found. The ledges are large and well mineralized 
 throughout, carrying gold on the surface which has been made free . by 
 oxidation, but as depth la attained the ore will probably become base, afi tn 
 nher districts on the Cascades. The ores also carry a smaJl silver valuer 
 
 nd galena and iron sulphides are also f ounu associated wltlx the precious 
 
 letals. 
 
 Tacoma Is the headquarters of those Interested In the district, and 
 
 luckley, thirty miles east on the Northern Pacific Railroad. Is the out- 
 
 (UnK point. Theiice a good horse trail leads up Whtte river and Sliver 
 
4C 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 Creek to Gold Hill, at tM head of the latter stream, a distance of flfty-flv« 
 miles. From North Yakima on the east, the district Is entered by horse trail 
 sixty-eight miles long, up the Yakima River and its upper tributaries to the 
 summit. A movement is now on foot to construct a wagon road from 
 Buckley to Yakima by way of Greenwater River, White River, Silver Creek, 
 to the Silver Basin, then down the Yakima watershed on the eastern slope. 
 This would reduce the distance from Buckley to Gold Hill to forty miles 
 and the Buckley people have by voluntary effort constructed six miles of It. 
 The state legislature has made a liberal appropriation for an extension from 
 the summit to Yakima. . . . . . 
 
 The first mining in this district of which there is any recdrd was done In 
 1880-82 on some placer ground near the head of Morse Creek, below the 
 present Comstock Mine. Here H. L. Tucker, George Gibbs and others, of 
 North Yakima, took out good wages, one nugget of $80 having been found, a 
 17 nugget being taken out last season and $1 nuggets being not uncommon. 
 This mine came into the hands of Robert Fife and others, who lately sold it 
 for $3,000. The first owners of this mine, however, found that somebody had 
 been there before them, for an old cabin stood far up the west fork of Whita 
 River and some trees on the west side of the east fork of that stream were 
 marked with old blazes. 
 
 Led on by float dn White River, George M. Brown, Frank W. and George 
 W. Glbbs, of Tacoma, and Thomas and Robert Fife, of Yakima, made. the 
 first ouartz location in the summer of 1888 on Gold Hill and have since proved 
 them to be among the best in the district. Other claims took up the hill and 
 epread all around it, making it the center of a fast-widening circle of activity. 
 One of their first locations was the Comstock, already mentioned, on which 
 the ledge has not yet been defined, though a pay streak shows the full width 
 of a sevent; foot tunnel and in several open cuts, and has given an average 
 assay of $3!t.iO gold and sliver. This claim, together with thirty-five other 
 quartz claims and one placer claim, is now owned by the Summit Mining and 
 Reduction Company, of 'lacoma, which In 1896 purchased it, together with a 
 number of claims on Gold Hill owned by Mrs. Emily Knight, of Tacoma. 
 Much money has beei. spent on these claims In the way of cutting trails and 
 building cabins, but little has been done to prove the value of the ledges. 
 That they hawe much merit is shown by the following assays made at the 
 Tacoma smelter from the principal ones: 
 
 DESCRIPTION. 
 
 Sailor Queen 
 Blue Bell ... 
 
 Boston 
 
 Current 
 
 Comstock ... 
 Blue Grass . 
 
 Per Ton or 2,000 lbs. 
 
 Ounces 
 Gold. 
 
 4.04 
 8 per cent 
 
 13.20 
 4 per cent 
 
 1.80 
 
 / 40 
 
 Ounces 
 Sl'ver. 
 
 44.00 
 
 48.30 
 
 1.20 
 
 3.60 
 
 5.00 
 
 17.60 
 
 Value Per Toa 
 of 2,000 n>s. 
 
 1110 72 
 48 ^4 
 264 81 
 10 44 
 39 40 
 69 96 
 
 This company now controls the ground In the vicinity of Gold Hill and 
 will begin development In the spring. 
 
 The Crown Point, a little west of the Comstock, owned by George M. 
 Brown, has a seven-foot ledge In which a thirty-foot tunnel and several open 
 cuts have shown ore averaging $38 gold and sliver, though assays have run 
 as high as $60 gold, 6 ounces sliver. East of the Comstock Mr. Brown has the 
 Lolette on a four-foot ledge, on which a tunnel has been driven fifteen feet, 
 showing ore which averaged $36 gold. From a four-foot ledge on the Eva he 
 has also obtained assays of 4 ounces gold and 44 ounces sKver. 
 
 The Fife brothers retained their faith in the district when all others lost 
 heart, and remained at work until late In December, only leaving when 
 supplies ran out and hunger drove them back to civilization. At that time, 
 too, they had no roads, nor even trails, and had to find their way by blazes. 
 Their best group is the Blue Bell of six claims at the head of Union Creek, 
 a mile west of Gold Hill. The Blue Bell ledge Itself is on the summit of 
 the range, the ore being In a porphyry dike, with a seam of quartz and a 
 seam of porphyry. All of this carries value, but the quartz assays) high in 
 free gold. A roughly constructed arrastre was erected several years ago on 
 Union Creek, below the mine, and has made a run each season. Ten tone 
 of ore was milled last season without any pretense of sorting and a little 
 over eight ounces of amalgam was cleaned up Robert Fife also has the 
 Blizabeth, on Morse Creek, on which a five-foul ledge has been opened In 
 several places, giving an assay of $72. Mr. Fife and J. J. Armstrong, of 
 Takima, have run a tunnel twenty-five feet and made several small cro»«- 
 cuts on a similar ledge on the Morning Star and Bonanza, just below the 
 Comstock. 
 
 James A. Farrell and J. R. Forrest, of Tacoma, made their advent in th« 
 dkitrlct in 1891 on a hunting trip, but turned their attention to proepectiliff 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 a 
 
 and made a number of valuable discoveries on a mountain spur near the 
 head of Silver Creek, which they named Pick-handle Point. They have done 
 as much as any two men to open up. the district. This mountain seems to be 
 transversely cut by numberless narrow but very rich parallel ledges. On the 
 Blue Grouse and Sure Thing there Is a network of parallel ledgee two to 
 three feet wide, opened by a twenty-foot shaft and numerous cross-cuts. 
 Their first aaoay was $3 gold, but last year they took out ore running $62 gold 
 and 31 ounces silver. On the Damfln o and Dry Spring they have free milling 
 ore which carries US gold and 2 ounces silver, and have also some good 
 placer ground on Morse Creek. On this mountain is the Little Gem, owned 
 by Edward Collins, of Buckley, and below it on Sliver Creek he and William 
 and Alexander McNlcol, of Buckley, have the Collins. 
 
 Near the summit of the range, two miles south of Gold Hill, George Sedge, 
 of Takima, has a group of claims on which he has driven a tunnel 110 feet, 
 exposing ore which averages $33 gold. Below this claim Willlai^ and Alex- 
 ander McNlcol and M. B. Compton have the Blazing Star on an eight-foot 
 ledge, in which a twenty-five foot shaft and a cross-cut show a three-foot 
 pay streak assaying $190 gold and 10 ounces silver. The Highland, with three 
 and one-half feet of similar ore on the surface, has the same owners. The 
 Evening Star, owned by John Shantz and George Fuller, is on a thirteen-foot 
 ledge, believed to be an extension of the Blazing Star. 
 
 In 1894 exploration was extended by E. K. Current and his son, J. B. Cur- 
 rent, of Buckley, John Wilkeson and Samuel Fletcher to Crystal Mountain, 
 an extension of the Summit ridge dividing White River on the west from 
 Sliver Creek, its tributary, on ^he east, and rising to an elevation of 8,000 feet. 
 This mountain Is formed of gthy and purple porphyry, dotted with crystallized 
 feldspar, and Is cut by ledges of decomposed porphyrltlc quartz ranging from 
 twelve to twenty feet dn width, carrying free gold on the surface, and assayers 
 pronounce the ore first-class free milling. As In other parts of the district. 
 ' the gold is chiefly found in the form of fine sulphur ets and is f^ee on the 
 I surface only through the oxidation of the iron. 
 
 One of Mr. Current's groups, comprising nine claims, is owned JoJnMj by 
 
 ihim and his brother-in-law, James Gebert, of New Iberia, La., and they nAV« 
 
 pushed development during the past year. On one of their claims a shaft it 
 
 [down elghty-nve feet, showing a fourteen-foot ledge, all pay ore. Assayt 
 
 I range from $15 to $103 gold, but the most reliable returns are three mill test* 
 
 [giving an average of $13 free gold. A twenty-foot tunnel on an extension 
 
 {shows the ledge eight feot wide with ore assaying $4 to $28 gold, mostly tree. 
 
 iOn an immense parallel ledge, of which the walls have not been traced, are 
 
 Ithree claims. On one of these a forty-five foot cross-cut has shown ore 
 
 assaying $8.75 to $150 gold and silver, mostly the former. Another has the 
 
 ledge defined to a width of nine feet, and from a forty-foot tunnel assays of 
 
 ^ gold and 5 or 6 ounces silver have been obtained. A sixty-five foot tunnel 
 
 on the th'ird claim showed ore assaying as high as $28 gdld. Another claim 
 
 ts on a large ledge of low grade ore, assays from a twenty-five foot tunnel 
 
 iveraglng $25, It Is intended to erect a stamp mill on this group during the 
 
 The Cr- 3tal Mountain group, owned by Mr. Current, In conjunction with 
 L W Frater and A. W. Hawks, of Everett, comprises five claims south of 
 le Current group and 1,500^ feet below it, along Silver Creek. On one 
 these the ledge is twenty-two feet wide and a ten-foot shaft Is down 
 ore assaying from $10 to $250. Another has a six-foot ledge assaying from 
 J to $44. and the others make good showings on thti surface. The seme 
 Jirties have some valuable placer ground below these claims, and Messrs. 
 Frater and Hawks have three other claims on the same mountain. It Is 
 roposed to erect a stamp mill on this group also during t..e summer, ditches 
 ^vlnc been cut and bull<Mngs erected In readiness. Despite the great height 
 if the mountain, it will not be difficult to transport machinery over zlz-sag 
 rails up its sides. ^. _. _. ,„ .„,. 
 
 Another group of six claims, owned by John Campbell, of Yakima, covers 
 ne Kood-slzed ledges on Crystal Mountain, which assay well on the surface, 
 lut little work has been done. North of the Crystal Mountain group William 
 I Dooley Herbert Recuse and John Stone have a group of claims, on one of 
 rhlch a seven-foot ledge has been stripped for eighty feet and shows ore 
 «.nning well, vnough no assays have been made. Adjoining the Frater- 
 Surrent group on the southeast, Mr. Presby, of Goldendale, has the Nell, 
 which a small amount of development shows good ore, carrying free silver, 
 Adjoining the Current Group No. 2 the Gold Hill Mining & Milling Coim 
 my has the King Group of three clairns on exten^ohs of three of the princit 
 a\ ledires. which are shown by development on other properties and by 8nr> 
 ifee cuts to be three to fifteen feet wide, carrying free gold and some nati*" 
 liver. Assays range from $8 to $60 and averag« about n2- 
 
 Other ledges that have been located neap the Curreot group No. 8. and «t 
 
 amewhat similar formation, are the French, the Thompson, the^ Bjfjnf . 
 
 MonMng to g«ntlemen whose names they respeetively bear, and t^ ^™»> 
 
 med by E. K. Current, of Buckley, and Dr. Fletcher, of North Taklna. 
 
 f«Be arc all large and prominent ledges. , „• « 
 
 On the summltv south of Gold HUl. J. A. ni«J,.W. S. Vilw. L. W. Rogers 
 »d H. F. Rogers, of North YaKima, have the Star group of four clrims on 
 (3) 
 
 iMii 
 
46 
 
 MINING IX THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 a contuot ledRe between granitu and slate, and have done considerable 
 development, showing ore which assays from $7 to |60. 
 
 The Black Hawk group of three claims, owned by the Northwest Mining 
 Company, lies three miles southwest of Gold Hill, and will begin operations 
 in the spring. On one ledge it has two claims and two tunnels .ibout thirty- 
 flve feet each and a third twenty-five feet long are in ore assaying $33 to $101, 
 mostly in free gold. The third claim is as yet undeveloped, but the surface 
 ore pans well. Near this group Thomas Baker, of Goldendale. and Spencer 
 Jacobs, of Yakima, have the McKinley on a seven-foot ledge, which pans 
 well on the surface. 
 
 W. J. Knapp, T. J. Sullivan, William Dougherty and Professor Fred 
 Chamberlain, of Buckley, have the Welcome group of four claims on a ledge 
 wMch averages about four feet in width and assays from $2 to $S gold, on the 
 east branch of White River. 
 
 Messrs. Knapp and Chamberlain are owners of the White Glacier and the 
 Cascade lodes, near the glaciers. In this locality are also the Lone Star, 
 White Pawn and Esther, owned by W. .T. and Guy Knapp, the walls of which 
 are thirty-two feet apart, and assay, copper $25, silver 42 ounqes and gold 
 $29.70. Together with Professor Chamberlain and Drew Jones they also own 
 the Blue Marmot and the Blue Wednesday, situated between the Crow Creek 
 and Silver Creek Basins. Mr. Knapp has a promising placer claim, which he 
 Intends working with sluices next summer, situated very close to the glaciers 
 of the east branch of White River. 
 
 William A. Rainey and A. W. Tweedem, of Tacoma, are also on Upper 
 White River and own the Gold Standard group of four claims. In the same 
 vicinity F. C. Brodie and William Hart, of Goldendale, have six claims, from 
 wMch they have taken good ore. 
 
 Late last summer a number of claims were located west of Gold Hill, on 
 which no work has yet been done, but which prospect well on the surface. 
 Chief among these are the Parrot and Forest Queen, owned by George Brown, 
 T. Sullivan and T. L. Baker; Ihe Forest King, owned by Herbert Morris: 
 the Tennis, by A. R. Scott; the Ethel, by.W. Froggett, and the Florence and 
 Mahapac, by Charles E. Gregory. 
 
 A group of six claims was located along the headwaters of Rattlesnake 
 
 Creek, on a range of mountains called the Nelson's Peaks, in August, 1894, b; 
 F. E. McDougal and S. P. Bennett, of Buckley. The ore carries $20 g( 
 16 ounces silver and 2 per cent, copper. P. Henning, John T. Davis and C. B. 
 
 Talbot, of Tacoma, have covered 220 acres of nickel ore territory, situated 
 twenty-five mlle^ eastward of Buckley and on the lower Green Water River. 
 While these groups are not in the Summit District, they are naturally tribu- 
 tary to it. 
 
 A remarkable discovery comes within the same category, for it is tributary 
 to Tacoma. Th^^s Is the Vanguard group of four claims In the canyon of the 
 Big Mashell River, one and one-half miles from EatonvlUe, which is reached 
 by the Mount Rainier wagon road, thirty-two miles from Tacoma. This Is a 
 ledge of volcanic cement about 400 feet, running northwest by west and south- 
 east by east between walls of trachyte, the rock being similar to the tufa 
 channels on the Forest Hill Divide in Placer .'Jounty, California. It shows 
 only sixty feet up the sides of the canyon, being capped with gravel wash 
 from Mount Rainier. Two or three feet bel^w the surface Indications of 
 copper appear in the shape of prills, or small grains, of copper. As a shaft, 
 which iy down sixteen feet, was sunk it encountered sheets of copper, thin bm 
 paper, wherever there were any cracks or seams in the rock, and the propor- 
 tldn of copper has increased 300 per cent, in sinking. This strange deposit is 
 owned by C. P. Toplift, William Foran and Wilbur Todd, of Tacoma, who 
 have bonded it to Spokane parties. 
 
 Although the whole of the Summit District was Included hi the Pacific 
 Reserve in 1892, this fact has not deterred the minerf; from continuing opera- 
 tions, and they have taken st^ps to obtain exemptions from interference with 
 their work. 
 
 CEDAB BIVEB. 
 
 This district has peculiar interest for Seattle people, since it is tributary 
 to the Seattle & International Railroad, one of the chief feeders of the city's 
 trade, la at the head of a stream flowing down to that city's suburbs and the 
 mining properties are almost entirely owned in Seattle. The route to It from 
 the city is by the Seattle & International Railroad to North Bend on the Sno- 
 qualmle, by a good wagon road to a point six miles below the confluence of 
 Bear Creek with Cedar River and thence by trails, one running up each of 
 those streams. The commissioners of King county propose this season to 
 extond the road to the mouth of Bear Creek, the mining men agreeing to 
 make further extensions to their properties. 
 
 The mineral belt is an extensiori 6f the granite and syenite formation 
 which has been traced north and soutu through the backbone of the Cauioade 
 
m iV 
 
 CEDAR RIVER. 
 
 SEAT! 
 
 1 
 
 KINO COUNTY. 
 
 WASHINOTON. 
 
 Sanamarpiah Lake. 
 
 NORTH BEND." 
 
 Jl ( NAP SHOWING HOUTE TO MINES. 
 
 RENTON. 
 
 I 
 
 kPLE VALLEY.^ C*cfar 
 
 
 '%.. 
 
 
 IftBaMy. 
 
 
 ,«-' 
 
 
 k^«W»''' *** 
 
 l*- 
 
 J 
 
 IT 
 
 \ 
 
 
 \x* 
 
 kLE OF MILES. 
 
 
 niMX TO mMuaoB cuin. 
 
 I. 8eatU& 
 
 3. lastChancft 
 »■ Btefflwinder. 
 
 4. Ophir. 
 
 S- Frederick. 
 
 «.EtU. 
 
 7. Sin FnuMiMtt 
 
 aSanJoM. 
 
 9l BtoMjM. 
 
 10. Los Animlw 
 
 11. Nickel Plate. 
 1& On Line, 
 la Wood Line. 
 11 Rneka. 
 !&• Brown Bear. 
 
 16. Mar Karliart 
 
 17. Exi No. I. 
 t& Btt, Ma 2. 
 19. MaM. 
 iO. La Veta. 
 •21 Capital. 
 28. Alee a 
 2& Onaha. 
 24. Nebnaka. 
 ih. HoOeBan. 
 S«. Citole. 
 37. Bridal Veft 
 
 Bailwa]u> 
 Wagon Rondu,- 
 
 IVtlla 
 
 SiuBmit Uneti. - 
 
 I THE MClFtC NORTHWiar 
 
 •unt.1 ««■„ 
 
 — ' ' J 
 
inmNO IN THB PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 Range almost the whole width of the state. The course of the ledires Is 
 generally northeast, and southwest. The original discoveries were Iron and 
 copper pyrites carrying gold and silver, but more recently great ledges of 
 free mllUng quarts have been found to parallel them. Discoveries began In 
 1891, and haves been steadily continued, with the Inevitable lull during the 
 panic years, to the present time, and development wan prosecuted with 
 renewed vigor during 1^. The principal discoveries were made by B. B. 
 Robinson, P. K. Mills, Harry Barhart, Sherry McKlroy, William and James 
 Irving, B. C. Ives, Fred Turner and J. M. Hamilton, the more recent by L. 
 
 The May E>arhart mine, which promises to become the first producer, 
 consists of Mx claims half a mile up Cedar river from the confluence of Bear 
 Creek, and is owned by the Bbbinson Mining Company. The Iftdge has been 
 broken over on the surface, so that It Ues almost flat, cropping out on the 
 river bank to a great width under an iron capping, and is in a cor aot 
 between granite and syenite. The first work done was to sink a shaft lu 
 which the widthof t|ie ore was seven feet.. As, the accumulation of water 
 oauned trouble in this shaft, a tuhnel wliiirun eighty-nine feet Into the hllL 
 on a level with the top of the shaft, and diagonally with the course of the 
 ledge, but over the top of the ore body. This shows the ore body to be fully 
 forty feet wide, with no hanging wall in sight. Work was then resumed on 
 the Shalt which is now down forty feet and shows the ledge to have 
 straightened up. The ore la copper and iron salpnides, with a laxge propor- 
 tion of silver and copper glance and pockets of bornite, and also contains a 
 large quantity of hornblende carrying gold, the gangue being porphyry easy 
 to mine. An average of four assays made from samples taken from the 
 dump gave (14.98 gold, twenty-nine ounces silver. At that time the shaft was 
 only down sixteen feet and there were 125 tons on the dump, from which 
 thirty tons could be sorted averaging |100 a ton, the remainder averaging 
 about $30. The shaft has since. been sunk to a depth of forty-three feet on 
 the footwall, and is all the way In high-grade ore, which continually Improves 
 in quality with depth. Assays made at various times during operation have 
 shown much higher values than those given above, but the company is con- 
 lent to rely upon these moderate results. There are about 300 tons of ore on 
 the dump, of which about one-fourth is of high enough grade to ship. Two 
 claims are on a cross ledge. 
 
 The Brown Bear and Bureko, on the north extension of the May Barhart 
 ledge across Bear Greek, are owned by B. C. Ives and othen. The ledge 
 cropped out In the sldehlu with only four tnches of ore on the surface and a 
 two-Inch stringer twenty feet distant, which is making for the ledge. A 
 twenty-foot shaft showed the main pay streak to widen to sixteen inches 
 and a ten-foot shalft on the feeder showed it to widen to eight inches, the ore 
 being of the same character in every respect. as that taken from the May 
 BKrhart shaft. .,,,.„. 
 
 A short distance further up Cedar River are the Woodline and Online 
 owned by B. B. Robinson and John Curry, on a thirty-foot ledge containing 
 several streaks of sulphides. From a small shaft ore assaying about 190 gold 
 and 14 per cent, copper has been taken. 
 
 The most development work in the district has been done on the San Jose 
 
 > group, now owned oy T. F. Townsley and .others, and perseverance In the 
 
 I face of many discouragements has been rewarded by the discovery of a lai'ge 
 
 I body of ore in the last tunnel. The main ledge crops out on the right baalc 
 
 lof the creek, and running across, shows up again on the other side and runs 
 
 |up the mountain diagonally from the left banK, with a blow-out on the right 
 
 niank. The ledge niatter is porphyry and is forty feet wide where it shows 
 
 In the solid granite formation, and the ore carries Iron and copper sul- 
 
 lides, black oxide of copper carrying gold and silver. The course of the 
 
 Ige Is about northwest and southeast, with a pitch of 95 degrees east. 
 
 „ The first work done was a cross-cut 300 feet through the granite on the 
 
 left bank, showing one ore body eight, feet wide and a number of stringers, 
 
 anging from one to eight Inches. A shaft was sunk thirty-four feet on the 
 
 ight-foot ore body, and a stope was raised thirty feet from the tunnel Imme- 
 
 lately above the shaft. Assays of this ore averaged |9 to |U gold, sliver and 
 
 3pper, and a badly sorted shipment of ten tons made in 1894 returned 112 a 
 
 Dn from the smelter. A shaft was then sunJc on the solid cropping to a 
 
 epth of twenty feet, but proved not to be in the pay chute and was aban- 
 
 oned. A cross-cut was next started on the left bank and continued for 180 
 
 leet, cutting through about forty feet of ore in a uroken formation, which 
 
 parried |2 to |6 gold )ind would concentrate forty to one. A short tiinnel wim 
 
 Itarted further up the creek, with a view to f oilQwlng a striifger eight to t6n 
 
 .ches wide Into the main ledge, and In this ore was struck averaglhg pO to 
 
 ' for all values. The following year a cross-cut was 'started on the Si&n 
 
 ITose with a view to striking the ledge, but after It had been run 800 ftet 
 
 ork upon It was suspended, as the cropplngs on the creek proved to be In a 
 
 Ide which had crushed the ledge matter nearest the surface. Tills fact, 
 
 had misled the owners as to the strike of the ledge. The proximity of 
 
 lie main ore body was evidenced by the fact that the tunnebcut seven or 
 
 rbt stringers, from four to eighteen Inches wide, the lowest assay from 
 
 aich was 922 for alt values, white an elghteen-inch stringer showed an 
 
 »;ei»ige of. $00 for all values. Including 27 per cent, copper. A shaft was* then 
 
 Hi 
 
48 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTH NVPJST. 
 
 sunk on the mountain above, where the Btrlnpef was supposed to run Into 
 the ledge, and the Junction was found In a brotcen formation. A tunnel was 
 Btarted Immediately below this, and at the end of thirty-four feet entered a 
 broken ledg« of talc and crushed quartas, highly mineralized with pyrites or 
 Iron and copper, chalcopyrlte and pockets or bornlte. It was continued for 
 180 feet through this broken ledge matter, with frequeoit large bodies of 
 chalcopyrlte ore, and then ran Into an unbroken ledge and continued alons 
 the wall for fifteen feet. The gangue In this ledge Is porphynltlc quartz con- 
 taining patches of white quartz and some calc-spar, and Is fairly well miner- 
 alized with iron pyrites and some chalcopyrlte. The depth now gained Is 
 ■eventy-flve feet and the tunnel will be continued along the wall, gaining 
 depth rapidly. The general rnn of the ore in this property will well pay for 
 concentration, and much of it is of high enough grade to pay for smeltlnK, 
 whenever the road is extended to the mine. 
 
 The free milling quartz claims located by L. Lewis last year are also 
 owned by Mr. Townsley and hds as.sociates, and, though no work has yet been 
 done, the surface showing Is so large and strong that development may prove 
 them to eclipse the San Jose group in value, with the further advantage that 
 they are evidently in the solid formation. The Ophir and two extensions are 
 on a ledge, or rather dike, cropping in a great bluff up the mountain side, 
 half a mile from and parallel with the San Jose ledge. The rock is quarts, 
 carrviner feldspar, and In many places highly crystallized, and the dike is 
 fully sixty feet wide. Several pieces knocked oft the surface at various 
 points across the ledge gave an assay of eighteen ounces of gold and seven 
 ounces silver. The Stemwinder aiid an extension are on a similar ledge, 
 cropping to a width of at least 100 feet In two gulches which it crosses, only 
 a few hundred feet from the Ophir ledge. Further up the same mountain a 
 solid mass of the same kind of ore is exposed, 400x200 feet, on which the 
 Seattle is located. This season's prospecting on these doposits will shotr 
 the amount and value of the pay ore they carry, but they are certainly 
 promising prospects. 
 
 The Christina ledge, further up Bear Creek, below Bear Lake, is of good 
 width, as yet undetermined, and Is in a broken formation; but a tunnel 
 driven fifteen feet on It shows ore all the way, with one wall of slate, from 
 which great cubes of quartz are taken. The ore carries copper pyrites and 
 go'd, but, unlike the other ledges, contains no hornblende. Assays show (6 to 
 ♦30 Si.'"' ^° ^° 20 per cent, copper, one giving as much as 75 per cent, copper. 
 
 The Bridal Veil, owned by Sherry McElroy and William Irving, has a 
 ledge cropping out under Bridal Veil falls, two miles above the May i!<arhart. 
 The cropplngs show oxidized iron to a width of sixty feet, and a 100-foot 
 tunnel on the ledge Is in white quartz carrying iron and copper sulphides, 
 assaying from |6 to »12 gold and silver, besides copper. Below this ledge is 
 a parallel one, on which the same parties have the Oriole. They have 
 ST* IJ.^ *",""«• 200 feet on a syenite wall, with ore the whole width, assaying 
 17 to J15 gold, and have not cross-cut to the fcotwall. 
 
 „— „. ^® **i5 Bridal Veil Joseph Llnz has the Victoria op a four-foot ledge, 
 carnrlng gold and copper and assaying $31 for all values. 
 
 «™Z!i®K *^* ?'4?"*'^ ''" * •*'^^^ ^^'^ ^y the river above the Victoria, Is 
 «rr,fir,.?.^//J?'' ^^"^"'■'■2,1 ?„"•' Michael Wise. They have about six inches 
 of sulphide ore, carrying $38.50 gold and copper on the surfade. 
 
 o..,o *Ovt''°"'®./*'"^'*'-*^ ^y the wagon road from North Bend would be a good 
 2?J?i, f i^ a railroad for the pass over the divide from the Snoqualmle south 
 i?,mT«.f oS^^K '^^'^f 4^..'°^V with a plateau of considerable width on the 
 to nvir^n^l^^^rS!?*^ 9.®^*i'" Lake the difficulties are not great, nor expensive 
 l*t^^^l^^^r.Z^%F°^^'"}'}^ f" ^"^^^ So""** Railroad might also be 
 nf tn« ^^o^ ?^^^^ ?'^*''' without great difficulty, whenever the development 
 of tne district promises enough traffic to offer an inducement. ^'"i'""'"' 
 
 
 ST HELENS. 
 
 one^f%h« Ufl^/'Sil'do*"? f^^V;'*^* Is among the foothills of Mount St. Helens. 
 wLwn^rtS^ «*n^^^^^ °,' **^® Cascade Range, near the southern boundary of 
 S^Snd mfl^k^'*«?r°'llS''*fK ^ ^S ^'■^^ °' ?*»»"* l-'^ square miles in the middle 
 Vau^^ I^Aaf^T?^ ^^ *^.t **""®® ^««^t extinct volcanoes-Mounts RaiBler. 
 ^eS^^on nnrth"n^f12«7^"£?''S**,^^P'°^J'o» *^^« n*' " extended much beyood 
 i« h^fht iK^u °' ^°^?J- ^i- Helens. The route to this district from Seattle 
 Btaleto r^^c^^'^^J^ltl ^^"'•"^d to Winlock Station. 108 miles, thenc© by 
 stage to loledo, six miles, where parties outfit for the mountains From 
 Toledo a road runs up the Toutle River about twenty-six mUMtSthe^n- 
 
 ^fut t°he nor'?h'"for£"t'!,^*''^'" '>°'^^. ^'•°"' thTs po'lnt two Ms dlvelS. 
 T^t« L VL ar*lr'?'^'' *° Samson's, the other up the middle fork via SpWt 
 mnp« aI^L?!.. ^^'^rn ^'^""P' ^H <»stance In each case being about tlilt^ 
 miles. Another trail leads up the Cispus RlVer and Quartz Creek, m 
 
% . 
 
 ST. HELENS 
 
 LEWIS. COWLITZ and SKAMAMA COL'NTIES. 
 
 
 MAP MIOWINQ itOUTi; TO MINM 
 
 . 
 
 
 1 A 
 
 1 W»;. «« 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 *i^ 
 
 -- 
 
 1 ^ 
 t ii < 
 
 |v*'*< 
 
 
 -^■^ 
 
 '-irar 
 
 1 
 
 ? 
 
 '^ 
 
 
 
 *i.iL ail" 
 
 i 
 
 
 r 
 
 » y 
 
 Hi 
 
 WASHINGTON. 
 
 .<? 
 
 
 I. Owttateni., ^. oriMMA 
 
 :.'. Veanrain Kio^. 
 
 v. Moonttia Qumo 
 
 4. Ttied 
 
 
 elens. 
 
 
 S. iMtliopa 
 
 «. Black Filb. 
 
 7. OfllBMilL 
 
 & WwKagltk 
 
 A. TtpTopb 
 
 10. OofaMiidt. 
 U. CifldocUa. 
 It. iNMUd. 
 IS. Ortaly. 
 
 14. OreMlUnr. 
 
 15. Venai. 
 IS. CtptaL 
 
 17. MimiaAUph 
 
 la Atkaw 
 
 ». FMwJaekMa. 
 
 )^ Nonnqr. 
 
 11. Kmdnt 
 
 n. Xoairt laWw. 
 
 S8. aiteftt.. 
 
 3k Haatiit fttir, 
 
 M. Ifajr. 
 
 27. JaekPgi 
 
 »■ Hojrain^ 
 
 29. Juib«k 
 
 30. fcnkiL 
 SI. OoodMivr. 
 Si!. llonia({8Mi 
 8S. Callfttait. 
 Si Aisai 
 
 8». CoprerBiMMV, 
 
 S8. BoiMaBm 
 
 ST. WtosMii. 
 
 SIL QwrtUriK. 
 
 40. eMr& 
 
 4L Suimk 
 
 a OMik. 
 
 4S. PaiMlHta 
 41 IbHtBoti 
 
 41. IS«MMQm«k 
 
^ WT^ ^:^ ^w^s j^.'-v'-"w.^ii 
 
IfXNINa IN TBB PACIFIC NORTHWB8T. 
 
 opening up. of the country is due mainly to the proapectore and lettlen, 
 who found It a pathless Jungle. 
 
 There are evidences, however, that In the M's California gold-hunt -)ra had 
 visited the region In search of placer gold, and that the Indians had dug out 
 the bright crysrtals of pyrites from the mineral cropplngs. About ten years 
 ago W. W. O Connor, of Toledo, discovered placer gold on thd middle fork of 
 the Toutlo and worked It for several years, but, despairing of securing means 
 of transportation, abandoned his claims. In 1889 K. Ludloft, of Toledo, war. 
 sent up Into the mountains by the Northern Pacific Land De|Mirtmen» to 
 report on the resourcee of the country, and on the banks of the Nor '■ Toutle, 
 near the mouth of Devil's Creek, found a piece of gold-bearing cntver ore 
 hanging to a piece of ayendte. No attempt was made to foUcrw u>. t'?e dis- 
 covery for some time, but It ultimately induced a Mr. Witt, of Orcison, Veter 
 Koontx, a hotelkeoper oi Toledo, and Ed Burbee, u merchant oi tliut tcwn, 
 to go Into the wilderness. They returned for several succeeding years, but 
 kept silent about their discoveries until othevs had penetrated the district, 
 when they made a number of locations. In the meantime settlement had 
 extended Into the foothills and lower valleys of the North Toutle. the new- 
 comers being mostly Swedes and Oermans, and they cut tr^Ms and opened 
 the way Into the mountains. 
 
 The credit of making the mineral w^ltli of the district known to the 
 world belongn to W. W. O'Connor, Botert Brown and A. Hoofer, who went 
 up the North Toutle In the spring of 1892 and made several good locations 
 on the main spurs of St. Helens. They were followed In a few weeks by 
 Al Maker, Mr. Duffy and others, of Chehalis. Some exoltement followed and, 
 the ledgeu being of large slae and carrying gold, sliver and copper, extrava- 
 gant expectations were Indulged by those unfamiliar with the character of 
 the ore. When they learned that it was refractory and could not be treated 
 by the crude processee applicable to free milling ore, enthusiasm cooled 
 somewhat, but prospecting continued and proved the district to abound In 
 copper ore, rich In gold and stiver. The prospectors helped themselves before 
 seeking the aid of others, and have enlisted Eastern capital to some extent' In 
 the work of development, the principal Investments coming from Milwaukee. 
 
 The country rock of the higher altitudes Is gneiss and schist, but in various 
 localities porphyry occurs In dikes and overflows. The ore liodles are many 
 and large, as shown by the comparatively little development which has been 
 
 Judiciously done, and are equal to those of any other district in the Cascade*, 
 ["he mineral belt extends through. all the mountain spurs of the district, but 
 the ore of each locality has its peculiar cha,racterlatlcs. That of the Samson 
 
 froup differs from that of nearly every other locality, while on the upper 
 rortn Toutle the ore Is in true liseure veins of quarts averaging about nv 
 feet In width and carrying much Iron sulphide, with frequent occurrences o( 
 tolack sulphurets, and copper in many combinutions. This looalitj, however, 
 has but little development. The Stack l|(punta4n Belt has well-denned fissure 
 veins carrying iron pyrites, of which assays average fiiO gold, |30 silver. 
 . The Shovel Lake country has an altitude of about 3,000 feet above the valley, 
 [■crater lakes bedng an evldenoe of great volcanic disturbance. Some fuM 
 I fissure veins have been opened, showing ore which carries sulphurets and 
 lanagnetlc iron and assays about $70 gold, silver and copper. The Spirit Lake 
 TBelt ... in a formation which gives evidence of great volcanic action. V^ry 
 (limited development has shown bodies of ore carrying arseno-pyrlte, iron 
 pyrlites and 4n some ledtses copper pyrites, all bearing gold. On Mining Creelc, 
 Rrhere the first discoveries were made, development has in every instance 
 ihown marked improvement in the ore, which carries copper, gold and silver, 
 1th copper predominating, and some galena, assays ranging from $2 to 
 " gold. 
 
 The Samson group comprises eighteen daims and one tunnel site on the 
 
 j>per North Tovtle, near LudlofC's Pass, on the south slope of the Opat 
 
 fountain Range. The whole mountain, about 3,600 feet high, is mineralised 
 
 rith pyrites. On the Samson is a deposit so large that X8,000 expended In 
 
 levelopment has not yet denned its extent. A tunnel has been run 190 feet, 
 
 cross-cut 103 feeit and a shaft sunk thirty-seven feet at the bottom of a 
 
 ilch, which is 100 feet deep. This shows a mass of talcose matter carrying 
 
 on and copper pyrites, gray copper, traces of galena and native copper. 
 
 Bsays of which run as high as |10 gold, several dollars silver, $60 copper. 
 
 new tunnel has been started at greater depth. In one of the quartaMta 
 
 .dges were found pockets six feet high, four feet wide and eight feet deep, 
 
 ined thickly with cubes of Iron pyrites, quite regular and often as large as a 
 
 dan's hand. The discovery was made in a guloh, and at the foot of the 
 
 ountaln the decomposed ore, mixed With pulveti'',ed pumice stone and sand, 
 
 18 been f'eposited to a depth of twenty feet. This deposit assays 34 to $8 
 
 Did and lb held as placer ground. 
 
 The Golconda group, southeaitft of the Samson, Includes two claims and a 
 innel site, covering a body of ore in talcose slate and quartzite, of which 
 psays run as high as $30 gold. A sixty-foot cross-i-ut shows ore the whole 
 ' inoe tfin^ar to iSa' SiuSibii, 
 
 ihe Sweden and Norwur ^oup, oomptlslng four claims on the northeast 
 r Of Spirit Lake, are iHi OVe Assure teins wit% wMl-deflned walls. A thirty- 
 
p^ar^.ii^ "M-f'.fT" 
 
 60 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 foot tunnel showed rich copper ore carrying $5 gold, and the ore shows con- 
 tinuous improvement. Some fifteen test pits around the lake show good ore. 
 On the divide between the heads of the North Toutle and Le vis Rivers 
 veins of free milling gold quartz were discovered last fall, one of them con- 
 taining red ore similar to that of Cripple Creek. 
 
 The St. Helens Gold Mining Company, of Milwaukee, owns two groups of 
 claims on Mining Creek, on which It has established a camp and done a large 
 amount of prospecting, preliminary to vigorous work this season. The Minnie 
 Alice lode embraces four well-deflned veins between syenite walls, all pointing 
 to one center, which will be reached by a 300-foot tunnel at a depth of 100 feet. 
 A tunnel tot this purpose has been run forty feet. Each of these veins has 
 its distinctive characteristics. One has quartz gangue carrying much copper 
 and iron oxides, and some copper and Iroi. pyrites; another la much decom- 
 posed and stained with copper and iron; another has heavy spar gangue 
 carrying argentiferous galena. 
 
 A mile further up Mining Creek this company owns the Athens group of 
 ten claims, on each of which prospecting has been done. On the Copper 
 Bottom a timnel has been started and a shaft sunk eleven feet, showing very 
 fine copper ore carrying gold, silver and some lead. On the Bumble Bee a 
 twenty-foot shaft shows a well-doflned fissure vein four and one-half feet 
 wide, with eight and ten inch pay streaks carrying copper, galena, much 
 iron pyrites and some blende. Jn the Wisconsin a. shaft is down six feet, 
 showing three feet of iron pyrites and arseno-pyrlte. A twelve-foot shaft 
 on the Snowfiake shows three and one-half feet of ore carrying galena and 
 some blende. A four-foot ledge on the i'uck Hornet carries iron and copper 
 pyrites. All these claims will probably bf (!cJveloped by a tunnel about 2,000 
 feet long, which would tap the main group at a depth of 600 feet and from 
 that point would gain foot for foot In depth. 
 
 Near the head of the Norch Toutle, live miles south of the Samson, A. 
 Hoofer, T. W. Shultz alid Victor Carlson have the Chicago, on which a 
 twenty-foot open cut shows a ledge twelve to fourteen feet wide between 
 syenite walls with six to seven feet of solid copper ore, native copper showing 
 in bunches throughout. 
 
 The Mountain Fairy, owned by the Bennett sisters; the Mary, Jackpot, 
 Royal Flush, Tran.svaal and Mount Hood, are in the vicinity of the Chicago 
 and are nearly all of the same character. These ctalms are mostly new 
 discoveries, with little development, but the Mountain Fairy shows a fine 
 body of ore. 
 
 The Toledo group consists of six claims, owned by Charles and Joseph 
 Schmand, E. C. Weiler and J. H. Spanglor, on the North Toutle five miles 
 west of Camp Samson. On the Toledo tunnels sixty and twelve feet long 
 show a five-foot ledge carrying iron and copper pyrites. A tunnel on the 
 Bonanza shows a Iwlge averagings, two feet, with eight Inches of galena and 
 iron pyrites. On the Carbonate a cross-cut tunnel has been started to tap 
 the ledge at a depth of 120 feet. The Last Hope shows a body of pyritic ore 
 about 100 feet wide, carrying some copper, on which a tunnel is in twelve feet 
 On the Cinnabar a shaft is down twelve .'cet on similar ore. but the width 
 of the ledge Is not defined. A sixty-foot tunnel on the Star shows two feet 
 of ore. 
 
 On Grizzly Creek, two miles south of Camp Samson, is the Grizzly, owned 
 by J. W. and Gertie Shultz. A twenty-foot tunnel shows a well-deuued ledge 
 of heavily mineralized quartz six to seven feet wide. 
 
 Messrs. Koontz, Witt and Burbee have sunk a shaft thirty-six feet on the 
 Crystal and done considerable work on the Black Falls, showing good bodies 
 of copper ore. 
 
 The Polar Star, owned by W. Gray, Thomas Gray and James Pyron, Is one 
 of the best copper properties, assaying as high as $30 and $40 in gold alone. 
 Frank Thorne and James Pyron have fine prospects on the Cross Lode and 
 Kentucky Belle, assays running about $55 silver. Many other prospects have 
 good surface showings. 
 
 The district is now comparatively accessible through the opening of about 
 150 miles of pony trail with easy grade, Including the three main trails already 
 described. Two packtrains are running regularly, one up the North Toutle 
 the other up the Olspus and Quartz Creek. The development of this district 
 will ere long justify the construction of a branch railroad, which would also 
 draw much traffic from the opening of the coal fields in the foothills. 
 
 
 
 3Z 
 
 > 
 
 S) 
 
 > 
 
 L30 
 
 H 
 
 WHITE HORSE. 
 
 The whole watershed of the north fork of the Stillaguamlsh River, cover- 
 ing a strip from Arlington, at the confluence of the fork^ of that atr^jn 
 including Whit 3 Horse Mountain, on whicHhe north fork has fta mS^S! 
 and extending oyer to the Sauk River near Darrlngton Is comDrlBwl within 
 an unorganized district. Like the adjoining dlstrictf on the non*h and SuthI 
 
tMI P*Clt-'ii NOflTHWSIT 
 
MIJtlKrO IK THfi PACIT'. KOftl^BWflflT. 
 
 tt has granite and porphyry as the country rock, with frequent belts of slatK 
 this formation bring cut by numerous ledges of iron and copper pyrlteS' an« 
 arsenical Iron, of grewt strength and traceable over the mountains for great 
 distances. One of these ledges, forming the backbone of White Horse Mount- 
 ain, Is fully 100 feet wide and is richly mineralised with copper pyrites, and 
 on Oold Mountain, near Darrington, a dike of cinnabar carrying quicksllvei* 
 has recently been discovered. These properties are generally in the bands 
 of the original locators and only a limited amount of development has been 
 done on them, but It has usually made good showings, sufficient to warrant 
 further exploration of the ore bodies. 
 
 The White Horse District is easily accessible from Seattle. The outfitting 
 point is Arlington, on the Seattle & International Ra;Ilroad, sixty miles froni 
 Seattle. Thence a county rua/d leads up the north fork to the headwaters 
 and oyer the ridge to Darrington, a distance of twenty-eight miles f another 
 road leads down the Sauk to Sauk City at its mouth, twenty-six miles, and 
 another up that river to Monte Cristo, at the head of ite south fork, twenty- 
 seven miles. Thus the district is quite accessible from several directions, 
 and the Sauk City road is a good one, teams having hauled 3,300 poundo over ii;. 
 It is also within easy reach of a smelter, Arlington being only thirty»foar 
 miles distant by rail from Everett and lOfiT miles from Ta^oma. 
 
 This mineral belt begins about four miles east of Arlln:^ton. As was th"? 
 case with most mining districts in the Cascades, the *'..st prospecting was 
 done for placer gold, borne pay dirt was found in clay benches and bar» 
 along Deer Creek, which enters the north fork from t'le north about twelve 
 miles east of Arlington, and an attempt was made to reduce it to a condition 
 for washing, but the process was too slow and the attempt was abandoned* 
 as cradle rocking and sluicing were out of the question. 
 
 The pretence of float in the Stillaguamlsh first led to prospecting fof 
 quartz ledges six years ago, when the Welman, on White Horse Mountain, 
 was discovered by Charles Welman and "Victor Thorp. It has a fourteen-inch 
 ledge of sulphurets carrying $94 gold. Aroused by this discovery, the pros- 
 pectors pushed their explorations, and the Schloman ledge, carrying threes 
 feet of iron and copper sulphides, was located in 1892. A twenty-seven foot: 
 tunnel on this ledge has showrt ore assaying $27.70 gold, $9.80 silver, and a.. 
 mill test showed $17.75 gold, $7 silver, $5.60 copper, a total of $30.35. 
 
 Meanwhile Charles Burns, Knute Neste and Sorcn Bergersen had in May^. 
 1890, .made a number of discoveries on Jumbo Mountain. The country roolc 
 is here syenite and quartzite cut by serpentine dikes. The two Hunter ctalmis 
 are on a true fissure ledge running a little south of east and north of west^ 
 three feet wide and having on the walls a nine-inch pay streak of sulphld4 
 ore carrying gold and silver near the summit. A thirty-foot tunnel l.SOO feet 
 below the summit shows galena, gold and silver, assaying $20 gold, 8 to 4V 
 ounces sliver, 10 per cent, copper and 4 per cent. lead. The White Qender 
 ledge, which Is considered the best on this mountain, and on which Ai Hi 
 Andrews, of Toledo, Ohio, has two claims, carries three feet of solid' o«Mi 
 arsenical iron and copper pyrites carrying gold and silver. Three claims oil 
 two parallel ledges complete this group. On the Pelican ledge a twelve-foot 
 tunnel shows twelve inches of white arsenical iron carrying $12 gold. On the 
 Kejrwlnder a seventy-five foot tunnel 1,500 feet below the summi/t shows thre« 
 feet of quartz carrying copper sulphides with gold and sliver. A ten-foot 
 tunnel on the Courtney shows a three-foot ledge carrying $8,50 gold, 14 per 
 cent, copper, 15 ounces silver and 4 per cent. lead. On the Mttnley a 130-foot 
 tunnel 800 feet below the summit shows a thirty-six inch streak of copper 
 pyrites carrying $8 gold, though copper is the predominant value. A tunnel 
 has been started 600 feet lower, showing the same width of ore between' yfteHU 
 defined walls of quartzite. , 
 
 What appears to be the mother lode of White Horse Mountain wa» dta- 
 covered by Charles Burns in July, 1895, and is covered by the Hannah group, of 
 five claims, owned by Albert H. Andrews, of Ohio, Knute Neste and SbreA 
 Bergersen. It cuts the granite formation for over two miles, for ^HOMft 
 distance it can be traced to the almost uniform width of three feet, as apjlBkirs 
 whenever openings have ben made on it. For the whole width It is solVj oi«b, 
 assaying $19.85 gold, 41 ounces silver, 30 per cent, copper. Adjoining the 
 Hannah ledge on the east is the Highland group of five claims, owa«|t. by 
 Messrs. Andrews and Neste, showing eighteen inches of similar ore, etdJWfl^ng 
 $20 gold, 16 to 40 ounces silver, 18 per cent, copper. The Jesse shows nine to 
 eighteen inches of pay ore carrying the same minerals. 
 
 In the Buckeye ledge, extending through two claims, Messrs. Tvete and 
 Johnson, of Arlington, Knute Neste and A. H. Andrews have a small pay 
 streak on the surface and in a nine-foot tunnel on the Buckeye Bai^n 2,500 feet 
 below the summit, where silver is the predominating vaiUe. 
 
 The Qreen Crown ledge runs north and south through ttro clalnUt and 
 forms the backbone of White Horse Mountain. It Is about 100 feet WldeTwith 
 nnmerous stringers of blackish quartz about ten inches thick, and is 8ot:?nS 
 In copper pyrites that a blowpipe test leaves a button of purS oopi 
 flourtk; the siae of the original piece of ore. Assays run about ' 
 SiMtuuMs Bilv«r, 2< to 4B per cent, copper. 
 
 The meat recent vai««bl« discovery in this district was made in. July, UgKt 
 
lie 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWHST. 
 
 by Charles -Burns on Gold Mountain, on the east bank of the Sauk River, 
 within half a mile of Darrlngton Postoffice. All the claims on this mountain 
 are owned by Mr. Andrews, with the exception of two. 
 
 There are three main groups on this mountain, chief among them being 
 the Gold Mountain group of eight claims. Three of these are on the Burns 
 ledge, which is readily traceable over the summit and down the east side, 
 showing four feet of ore carrying $26.65 gold, 8 ounces silver, 18 per cent, 
 copper. On the Moline ledge are three claims, which have an eighteen-inch 
 streak of chalcopyrite carrying |18 to $36 gold, 14 ounces silver, 32 per cent, 
 copper. The two other claims in this group are on a ledge showing three feet 
 of gray copper ore which carries $20 gold and a trace of silver. The mineral 
 has broken through the capping In many places on all these ledges and crops 
 for several hundred feet. The side of the mountain is covered with float, 
 some pieftes weighing a ton or more. 
 
 The Myrtle C. group consists of nine claims on seven parallel ledges. 
 Three claims are on a ledge showing a nine-inch pay streak of gray copper 
 ore on the surface, an assay of which ran $20 gold, 26 per cent, copper, a trace 
 of silver. Another string of three has a twelve-inch streak of copper pyrites 
 carrying $26 gold, 18 per cent, copper. The other three claims have a three- 
 foot vein of gray copper ore on the north line; a six-foot ledge of solid 
 chalcopyrite carrying $18 gold, 18 ounces silver, 30 per cent, copper, lies 
 aeVenity-Hve feet to the southward; a ledge carrying ninfe Inches to three feet 
 of gray copper ore runs along the center of the string of claims. On the south 
 side of these claims are two other ledges of gray copper ore, each carrying a 
 three-foot pay streak, beside which there are bodies of reddish quartz ten 
 to twelve feet wide, carrying $8 to $12 gold. On the north of some of the pay 
 streaks is a body of cinnabar, heavily charged with quicksilver, and showing 
 tree gold to the naked eye. Assays on the whole group range from $8 to $26 
 gold, 8 to 41 ounces silver, 18 to 32 per cent copper. 
 
 The Justin group of three claims is on the southeast side of the mountain 
 and has a ledge showing twelve feet of red iron capping 2,000 feet down the 
 side and three feet of gray copper ore at the summit, carrying about the 
 same value as the other groups. O'l the Forest Hope ledge, where Stacy B. 
 Emens owns two and Mr. Andrews one claim, there is eight feet of ore crop- 
 ping for 1,000 feet. About 500 feet bolow the summit it splits Into three ledges, 
 four, five and six feet wide respectively. About twenty assays have been 
 made, ranging from $6 to $36 gold, 8 to 41 ounces sliver, 10 to 18 per cent, copper. 
 On the north wall of this streak of mineral lies a dike of cinnabar from which, 
 it Is said, one can break a piece and, holding one's hand under it, can caich 
 enough quicksilver to till the palm. The ledge has be>en prospected by nature 
 ao thoroughly that a small amount of labor would give vast bodies of Ore 
 in sight. 
 
 Gold Mountain has one peculiarity which gives it a great advantage for 
 mining purposes, in that it faces towards the southwest and thus catches the 
 full force of the warm ocean winds from that direction. This melts the snow 
 from its whole slope as early as from the valleys and prevents such a depth 
 of »now a*= will interfere with traffic or mining operations. 
 
 THE SKAOIT GOFFEB EELT. 
 
 Oae 
 
 le of the most notable discoveries of the past year was that the greait 
 gold-bearing belt of copiier ore, which is being worked in the Coast district of 
 British Columbia on the north and in the SUverton, Sultan, Index, Money 
 Creek and Cedar River Districts on the south, crops out in the foothills of the 
 Cascade Range for miles along the Skagit River. The presence of the capping 
 of magnetic iron has been known for years and has led to the erroneous 
 Impression that this mineral ran down into the earth, but only recently has 
 it been proved that it was merely ine capping of the copper ores similar In 
 character to those of Trail Creek, Boundary Creek, the Kettle River District 
 of the Colville Itesorvation, the SUverton, Sultan, Index and other districts 
 west Of the Cascade summit. 
 
 ThlB district has the advantage of being eTisily accessible and of having 
 the mineral depo.slts at so low an elevation that snow rarely lies any length 
 of time and worli can be continued without difficulty the year round. The 
 Iirinriijal discoveries are on what Is known as Iron Mountain, on the south 
 bank of the Skagit River, opilosite the town of Hamilton, but prospecting 
 h 3 rapidly traced the belt, even in midwinter, along the foothills to Marble 
 Mount and up the S.iuk River. Hamilton is the eastern terminus of the 
 Seattle & Northern Railroad, nnd is distant only ninety-four miles by that 
 road, and the Seattle & In.drnatlonal road from Seattle, while the former road 
 extiends to tide water at Anacortes, thirty-four miles west, and the latter 
 connects with the Everett & Monte Crlsto Railroad at Snohomish. Thus a 
 haul of slxty-efght miles would take the ore to the smelter at Kverett, and 
 135 miles to that at TacQma. The Skagit River Is navigable for good-sized 
 .steamers as far as Hamilton, and for light-draft steamers as far as Portage, 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 33 
 
 forty-two miles further and eight miles above Marble Mount. The ore from 
 Iron Mountain could be dumped almost from the mines on board steamers, 
 which would take it by water to the smelter at very low rates. With both 
 fallroad and steamer transportation at its doors, the district has every 
 opportunity of rapid development. 
 
 Iron Mountain, the scene of the principal discoveries, is also the scene of 
 the most active developmemt. It is the easterly one of two rounded peaks 
 rising 2,500 feet above the river and 2,800 feet above the sea, almost directly 
 from the south bank of the Skagit, opposite Hamilton, Cumberland Creek 
 nowing between them. The more westely of the two peaks Is known as Coal 
 Mountain, its geological formation being entirely different from that of Iron 
 Mountain. It is of sandstone and contains numerous veins of coal, henoe its 
 name. Iron Mountain and the country six miles eastward, as far as Birds- 
 view, is formed of schist and dlorltj, which Is cut off near the latter place by 
 the granitic rocks of which the main trunk of the Cascade Range Is built. 
 This belt Is cut by ledges of copper pyrites, carrying gold and a little silver, in 
 a coursp ""i degrees south of east and north of west, with a dip to the south- 
 west. 
 
 Th J first mineral was discovered on Iron Mountain in 1881 by J. J. Connor, 
 whose attention was concentrated on iron ore. He found magnetic iron on 
 the surface of the Mabel claim and brought it to Seattle to be tested. He 
 obtained a button so thickly coated with copper that he at first thought it 
 was entirely composed of that metal. He then had assays made which showed 
 the ore to carry 4.80 per cent, copper, 35 per cent, magnetic iron, 4% ounces 
 silver and a trace of gold. Considering the ore of too low grade to work for 
 gold, silver and copi^er, and having his mind fastened on iron, he continued 
 his explorations in search of richer iron ore. He discovered the Tanoma ledge 
 in 1887 and shipped twenty tons from the surface to the Irondale smelter, lear 
 Port Townsend, but in the course of his mining he again struck iron and 
 copper sulphides carrying gold. Still bent upon having an iron mine, he 
 avoided this point also in his search for mineral. 
 
 Others made the same mistake, for W. D. O'Toole, now register of the 
 United States Land Office at Seattle, patented seven claims in the same 
 vicinity. L. F. Menage, of Minneapolis, obtained patents to 900 acres, organ- 
 ized the Puget Sound Iron Company, and in 1890 and 1891 spent a large amount 
 of money on surface prospecting, but only gained slight depth. Thus the 
 true nature of the mineral remained a mystery, for Mr. Menage failed in the 
 panic of 1893 and his operations on Puget Sound came to an end. These 
 deposits of magnetic iron were the subject of frequent comment and gave 
 ri.se to the belief that they might be made the basis of a great Iron and steel 
 Industry on Puget Sound. 
 
 These discoveries long ante-dated the similar discoveries In the Trail and 
 Boundary Creek Districts of British Columbia, but It remained for the latter 
 districts, through the pluck and persistence of a coterie of Spokane lawyer.s, 
 to prove the wealth concealed beneath the capping. Mining experts have 
 examined the Skagit deposits and made learned reports on them as iron 
 deposits. Other experts examined the capping of magnetic and oxidized iron 
 on the ledges of Trail Creek and declared them worthless as gold mines. 
 Development has proved them to have been wrong in both cases and they 
 • .tve since been occupied in revising their opinions to fit the newly discovered 
 
 ri:e credit of the discovery of the true nature of the Skagit mineral belt 
 hrM.>r's:s to E. C. Strong, a miner of long experience in Colorado, who now 
 resiiiofc tl Hamilton. In October, 1896, he visited anotner supposed iron deposit 
 in the Cleveland group, on Mount Cleveland, Money Creek District, and found 
 that In prospecting those claims Peter Cysen had uncovered a clearly defined 
 ledge of Iron and copper pyrites on the side of the mountain. He examined 
 the capping and found It similar to that of the Skagit ledges. On his return 
 to Hamilton he questioned Mr. Connor on the subject of indications of copper 
 and the Information he thus obtained confirmed his opinion. Further con- 
 flrmation was furnished by an examination of the croppings and he then 
 prospected systematically for copper signs. He sank a shaft by contract wlih 
 the owners of the Everett claim and at slight depth ran through the magnetic 
 iron into copper sulphides, thus proving finally the correctness of his theory 
 that the magnetic Iron was merely a capping. Assays have since proved 
 that the ore is valuable for gold, silver and copper. The highest obtained 
 from the surface was 20 per cent, copper, % ounce gold, b ounces silver, the 
 aggregate value being $44. 
 
 The news of this discovery caused a general renewal of activity and 
 attracted numbers of prospectors, who have traced the copper belt along the 
 Skagit foothills beyond Marble Mount and southeast for fifteen miles up the 
 Sauk Valley, fully 150 new locations having been made. After vears of 
 neglect, the district is at last in a fair way to be developed and the prospect 
 is that several camps will be opened this spring. 
 
 Iron Mountain, the scene of the discovery, is votned throughout with sreat 
 ledges of the character already described, rarg;ing In width frotn e:»ilit ta 
 thirty feet, with chutes of ore ranging from 100 \o 300 feet long. The Evt let' 
 on which Mr. Strong made his notable discovery, is owned by W. M. Mt.^ck- 
 intosh and Dr. Q. B. McCulloch, and has a ten-foot ledge on which the snart 
 
M 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 is just beg'lnni'nc to show the change from magnetic Iron to copper pyritM. 
 
 The most vigorous development Is In progress on the Hamilton group of 
 five claims, owned by tho Hamilton Copper and Gold Mining Company. Four 
 of these claims are on one ledge varying from eight to thirty feet in width, 
 while the fifth shows croppings six feet wide. Six men are sinkii\g a ahktt 
 on an ore chute in the main ledge, and at a depth of ten feet took out ore 
 aBsaying from $18 to $44 for all values, including 7 to 20 per cent, copper. 
 At this writing the shaft is down twenty-flv© feet and the ore carries coKPer 
 pyrites, with chalcopyrite coming in. 
 
 On the same mountain J. J. Conner and E. C. Strong have the Last Chance 
 ajid Star on a parallel ledge with the Everett and an extension on that le44;e, 
 and Mr. Conner, H. S. Conner and Judge Henry McBride have the Tacona 
 and Scottish Chief on a third ledge, on which they are sinking a shaft. The 
 Little Pittsburg group of three claime, owned by W. H. Hainsworth and 
 Pnmuel Thompson, is on a ledge varying from eight to twelve feet, and seveml 
 open cuts have been made through the capping and shown copper ore carrying 
 firold and silver. 
 
 The O'Toole group of seven claims, which has been patented by Reerister 
 W. D. O'Toole of the Land Oftice as Iron property, lies mostly on one ledgre 
 along Marietta Creek, two and one-half miles southeast of Hamilton, and the 
 ledge will be croas-cut by a tunnel which has now penetrated between fifty 
 and sixty feet. 
 
 Six miles further up the south side of the Skagit, above Old Birdsvlew, 
 David Kellogg and others, of Seattle, have fourteen claims on a series of 
 ledges from five to twenty-five feet wide on the surface, which they have 
 traced from the river to the summit of the mountain, in every case showing 
 copper stains and in some places streaks of chalcopyrite. In the bed of a 
 oreek near Birdsvlew Mr. Kellogg found pieces of float in which chalcopyrite 
 and galena were mixed. In the same vicinity Messrs. Thompson and Fitz- 
 gerald have seven claims and Harry Tappan has three. 
 
 The recent influx of prospectors has traced the same belt onward beyond 
 Marble Mount. A. Von Pressentin has four claims near Sauk City, twenty- 
 four miles above Hamilton, and on the foothills north of Marble Mount, ten 
 ■ailes further up, E. C. Strong, William Perry, of Anacortes, F. S. Backus, of 
 Hamilton, and John Russner, of Marble Mount, have begun work on a group 
 of eight claims, with ledges cropping eight to fifteen feet wide. 
 
 On Dispasi Creek, which runs into the Skagit five miles above Marble 
 Mount, C. H. Landers, A. E. Hardy and John Siegfried have during February 
 located six c'lalms on a Jedge of quartz carrying copper and gold, with some 
 .Indications of nickel. f o rr » -^ 
 
 THE CASCADE. 
 
 Among the earllesi mineral discoveries In the Cascade Range was the 
 
 faiena district at the head of the Cascade River, one of the headwaters of the 
 kagit. Tradition dates It back to one of a party of soldiers, who were cominsr 
 across the summit from Port Colville to Fort Vancouver, about twenty years 
 i§°' ct'v.^ ""^^ found a piece of rich float and afterwards returned and located 
 the Soldier Boy claim. But it was not till many years later that the dis- 
 coveries occurred which led to the Inrush of prospectors, for the district was 
 then almost inaccessible, and only 4n the early 90's were trails made from the 
 east and west to open it to packhorses. 
 
 i?'**®^®^^'^? '^^i' routes into the district. One is by the Seattle & Inter- 
 national Railroad to Woolley, eighty miles, thence by the Seattle & Northern 
 Kallroad to Hamilton, fourteen miles; thence by wagon road to Marble Mount, 
 thirty-four miles; thence by road six miles, and by trail twenty-four miles, 
 «■ *"! Cascade Pass. From the east the district may be reached from 
 Wenatchee, on the Great Northern Railroad, by the steamer City of Ellens- 
 ^l^hl?f l^t^^^^^^}]^ Landing, forty miles, and stage to Chelan, two and 
 ?!?nJ!«io„ iif^i.®"^ *J^^ steamer to Chelan Falls, thirty-nine miles, and sta,ge 
 iffie^Ch^eYal.!^^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 ]^a%l^a%*o^ll'"danc1otl'hfrVLML^"'^ °-'- "^ «*-*«^-" *° **>« C-^**- 
 I. n^rfh?„°a"t"nn*;?\l" fl?'^ district are formed of granite, of which the direction 
 IL^^ !iS^^L^ ^"^ southwest, and are cut in the same course by true fissure 
 i?2^?^ '''aI"^'^**.^*'^'"^^*?^ »^'^"*' '""O" ••^"<J copper sulphides and some gray 
 S?^*?.!r-» fl^ °^^f^ districts, the croppings occur in the rocky beds and wS* 
 Srith't.S^n 'Jilffl^Pu °\i^^ ^i'"« ^.'^°^e timber line, so that they "« tracl^le 
 with small difficulty, though at times covered by soil or rock^ldBS Feeder* 
 
 SSd sontK^^T?ifi".l'*^ff^ f°™ ^." <l"-e<=tions, thMnclpal"S^8 r^nlij SSth 
 and south. The granite formation carrying this galena belt has been mSaS 
 
 MlXldf ^tJ^2J!^*^^' and Horseshoe Basinf^rt of th^m^" S^ 
 te the divide between the north forks of Thunder and Bridge Creeks, ^i 
 

 >i:»vf5^ Siu^ajs^aw? 
 
 ■•/■ 
 
 n[l>ii:3-iM:SJ< 
 
 
 ^' 
 
 
 '^- 
 
 ./.: 
 
 rmils - . - - . 
 Miiniinit l.iiK>ii 
 
[TH» PAClfir, NOftTHWIItT 
 
 ..i^^4,aaw»*^ 
 
Cascade River 
 
 9 and 
 
 rinMinKder Creek 
 
 I 
 
\i 
 
 a 
 
 ClXZi 
 
 nv^, 
 
 Hwayr 
 
 ' \ • 
 
 milea from Casci 
 CaBcade'B sovera 
 
 The discover; 
 John C. Rouse v. 
 the Hummlt the i 
 on the rim of Do 
 summit and crop 
 Boston claim anc 
 of that year Oil 
 that ledge. 
 
 The Boston, < 
 the greatest sho^ 
 Boston Glacier, 
 great body of ga 
 which Is divided 
 at this point to i 
 side of the glach 
 wall showed gale 
 five foot tunnel 
 thickness of the 
 four feet. Assa 
 little gold, and t 
 per ton. 
 
 Below the Be 
 sulphides In the i 
 held by Gilbert ] 
 run to strike the 
 streaks of galeni 
 
 Southeast of 
 Ventura, or Sai 
 Consolidated Mil 
 defined three-foo 
 samples from wl 
 jind $4.40 gold. 
 
 West of the 
 TEldorado group 
 ■for some dlstanc 
 <well In gold. Ai 
 great depth, and 
 one assays $70 g< 
 Charles Simpson 
 Hill and SulUvar 
 thave run Into th( 
 
 South of the 
 ■Gilbert Landre a 
 'Which is nine fee 
 of ore on one w« 
 a twenty-foot tu 
 
 fold, and It Is cl 
 landre and Lan^ 
 by the London a 
 ithem. 
 
 The largest s 
 •Queen Mining at 
 several groups, 
 claims on a ledg 
 sixteen inches o 
 two-inch streak ' 
 ledge is covered 
 4)ne to four incl 
 jinother there ar 
 to ten inches of 
 the dri^k is in 
 
 ife claims near 
 Atlon of the d 
 
 aches of good oi 
 ias been run se^ 
 A ten-foot cut ni 
 <wlth a two-inch 
 long and twelve 
 The other claim 
 four k cbts of ir 
 «i foil/ clUms o 
 iha Cascade Riv< 
 giilch. A tunne! 
 at a point 1,600 : 
 iM^her tunnel . 
 a good strong h 
 tunael hi in attj 
 
MININO IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWB8T. 
 
 mlleH from Cascade Pass and southwest through the whole watershed of the 
 Cascade's several forks to their confluence. 
 
 The discovery of the Cascade District was made by Oeorge L. Rouse, 
 John C. House and Gilbert Landre In September, 1889, while tracing across 
 the summit the great ledges exposed by the glaciers of Horseshoe Basin and 
 on the rim of Doubtful Basin, i ney discovered the Boston ledge cleaving the 
 summit and cropping far down the eastern slope, and the Rouses located the 
 Boston claim and Mr. Landre the Chicago on Its west extension. In November 
 of that year Oilbert Landre and John Russner also located the Buffalo on 
 that ledge. 
 
 The Boston, owned by George Sheckler, Q. h. Rouse and J. C. Rouse, has 
 the greatest showing In the district. The ledge crops on the west side of the 
 Boston Glacier, which in places has worn away one of the walls, leaving a 
 great body of galena exposed In a cliff to a height of forty feet. The ledge, 
 which is divided In the middle by a three-foot horse of black porphyry, crops 
 at this point to a width of fifty feet. A cross-cut of eighteen feet from the 
 side of the glacier showed ore for ten feet, and a tunnel sixty feet along the 
 wall showed galena and sulphides almost solid for the whole width, A thirty- 
 five foot tunnel at a point 150 feet higher made a similar showing. The 
 thickness of the ors body where it has been exposed some distance higher Is 
 four feet. Assays run as high as tlO ounces silver, 60 per cent, lead and a 
 Uttle gold, and two tons shipped to the smelter returned |92 sliver and lead 
 i)er ton. 
 
 Below the Boston the ledge forks, with galena predominating in one and 
 sulphides In the other fork, and Is covered by the Chicago group of six claims, 
 held by Gilbert Landre and C. H. Landers. Several short tunnels have been 
 run to strike the ore bodies in ledges which run about six feet wide, showing 
 streaks of galena and sulphides. 
 
 Southeast of the Boston and on the eastern rim of the glacier is th« 
 Ventura, or San Francisco, group of four claims, owned by the Cascade 
 Consolidated Mining Company. They have, parallel with the Boston, a well- 
 defined three-foot ledge with six Inches of galena showing In a small tunnel, 
 samples from which assayed as high as 104.26 ounces silver, 40.1 per cent, lead 
 jind 14.40 gold. 
 
 West of the Boston William McKay, John Millett and others have the 
 lEldorado group of five claims on a parallel ledge four feet wide, well defined 
 -for some distance down the mountain, and carrying a pay streak which runs 
 <well In gold. An eighty-foot cross-cut will, when extended, tap the ledge at 
 great depth, and a forty-foot drift shows good ore bodies, of which the main 
 one assays $70 gold, sliver and lead. On a parallel ledge William Mertaugh, 
 Charles Simpson, George W.- Boles and Alexander Munroe have the Bunker 
 Hill and Sullivan, with three or four Inches of high-grade ore, of which assays 
 fliave run Into the hundreds of ounces of sliver. 
 
 South of the Boston and traceable over the summit is a ledge on which 
 ■Gilbert Landre and others have the Denver group of three claims. The ledgo, 
 •which is nine feet wide and Is broken by granite horses, carries eighteen Inches 
 of ore on one wall and two Inches of mineralized talc on the other, shown in 
 a twenty-foot tunnel. Assays run as high as X40 ounces silver and a trace of 
 gold, and It Is claimed that the ledge will average nearly $60. All of Messrs. 
 Landre and Landers' Interests, comprising fifteen claims, ha,ve been acquired 
 by the London and Galena Mining and MliUng Company, which will develop 
 
 The largest single Investment in this district has been made by the Silver 
 •Queen Mining and Smelting Company, which has fourteen patented claims in 
 several groups. The Midas group is a mile west of Cascade Pass and has two 
 claims on a ledge opened by tunnels fifty and fifty-eight feet, with twelve, to 
 sixteen inches of ore on the footwall assaying $47 in sliver and lead, and a 
 two-inch streak which carried $604 silver, $12,50 lead, a total of $616.50. A cross- 
 Jedge is covered by three claims, on one of which a twenty-foot tunnel shows 
 one to four inches of ore assaying $98.90 and $101.80 from two samples; on 
 another there are a twenty-foot cross-cut and a thirty-foot tunnel, with two 
 to ten inches of fair ore showing on the floor all the way ill, while the race 
 
 Sal the dri-^ Is in ore of lower grade. The Soldier Boy group is composed ot 
 five claims near the pass. Three are on the Soldier Boy ledge, the pioneer 
 [Ration of the district, in which a twelve-foot tunnel shows ten to fourteen 
 ches of good ore carrying some native copper and assaying $21. A cross-cut 
 has been run seventy feet to tap this ledge in 250 feet at a depth of -m feet. 
 A ten-foot cut nine feet wide on another claim shows four feet of ledge matter 
 <wlth a two-inch pay streak on the hanging wall, and another cut eighteen feet 
 Jong and twelve feet deep shows five inches of iron sulphides and galena. 
 The other claims are on a parallel ledge. In which a sixteen-foot cut Shows 
 four lEchts of iron pyrites and a little galena. The Johnsburg group consists 
 0t tovu- clUms on a ledge running up to the summit from the south bank of 
 ihH Cascade River, three miles west of the pass, and cropping on the side of a 
 gulch. A tunnel Intended for a main working tuntoel has heett run flfty feet 
 at a point 1.600 feet above the valley, but is not yet through the slide rook. 
 Inather tunnel has been driven 200 feet at a point m feet higher and shows 
 agool str™ledgo four feet wtae, wUh eight inches of ore, wJlUe Jk 'teird 
 tunnel is in flf tr»et at a point 800 fM>% higher and ihows three feet id SOlld 
 
M MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWB8T. 
 
 galena. Samples taken for the full width between the wall» In e^ch of thes* 
 tunnels, nn.l k«<»"u1 toRether. Kave an aBHay of |fil.7& for all valueH. 
 
 A number of ledRes parallel with the Soldier Boy cut the curve of the 
 baHln but have had little work done on them. On one of these R. A. Osterly 
 and others iSivo the Orand Republic group of thre^> claims on which tunnels 
 iwenty-live and rtfteen feet and a twenty-tlve-foot open cut show a nine-Inch 
 pay Htreak carrylnR about |40 for all values. On other ledge« with about aa 
 much pay ore are the St. Patrick and Nip and Tuck. 
 
 The sail .■ mineral foriTiatlon extends acrosH to the middle and south forkj 
 of the Cascade, where the granite Is cut by dikes of (iiiartzlte, gnelsa and 
 schist The largest group, consisting of six claims, Is the Fourth of July, 
 owned" by Josei)h Rlgby, of Omaha. One ledge shows twenty-four Inches of 
 ore In a fourteen-foot shaft and fifteen-foot open cut, carrying galena, car- 
 bonates and sulphurets to the value of $,''.0 and upwards In gold and silver. 
 Another ledge showing twelve Inches of $S0 ore In the cropplngs will be tapped 
 by a cross-cut, now In forty feet. Another ledge shows sixteen Inches of pay 
 ore In a thirty-five foot cross-cut, as.^ays showing 13 per cent, copper, besides 
 good gold and silver values. Below this, on the Granite, Thomas Barrett, 
 of Woolley, has shown up sixteen Inches of pay ore In a four-foot ledge by 
 means of a ten-fool sliaft, and on the Jumbo he has ten Inches of pay ore, 
 though a forty-foot tunnel on the ledge has not penetrated to the ore chute 
 showing In the cropplngs. Half a mile below this he has the Homestake on 
 a Hvo-foot ledge, in which several small streaks aggregating sixteen to eigh- 
 teen Inches assay from $40 upwards. 
 
 tniarlea L. Pollard has the Michigan group of five claims on two parallel 
 ledges which have been traced for L.'iOO feet. One of these is live feet wide, 
 with a sixtcen-lnch pay streiik showing on th wall of a tunnel run sixty-five 
 feet along the ledge. Two assays show i;i2 ounces silver, fiO per cent. lead and 
 tS gold- 204 ounces silver, 40 per cent. !■ id, $;i gold. Southwest of this group 
 Thomas Barrett has the Black Canyon on a four and one-half foot ledge, in 
 which an open cut twelve feet long shows twelve Inches of good galena ore. 
 
 A great blow-out of oxidized Iron which has been traced 4,000 feet up the 
 mountain from the south fork Is covered by Richard Joy and Joseph Peraud 
 with the Cascade group of three claims. A s:xly-flve foot tunnel shows a 
 ten-inch streak of black sulphurets and iron pyrites carrying gold and silver. 
 
 SLATE CREEK. 
 
 By D'j ii^lass Allmond, of Anacortes. 
 
 The mining reylon? of t. ^ Skagit Valley, for the sake of convenience, may 
 be divided into five dl 'Irot districts, as follows: Slate Creek District, em- 
 bracing the couptri' iv v .' oen the Slate Creek summit and the mouth of Ruby 
 Creek; Thunder Crttl: L»lstrict, including all that section drained by Thunder 
 Creek; Cascade District, the country about Cascade River; Monte Crlsto 
 District, at the headwaters of the Sauk, and Hamilton District, including all 
 that section of the valley from Marble Mount to tide water. 
 
 The route to the Slate Creek District from Seattle is by the Seattle & Inter- 
 national Railroad to Woolley, eighty miles, and thence by the Seattle & 
 Northern to Hamilton, fourteen miles. From Hamilton a good road can be 
 followed up the Skagit Valley to Marble Mount, thirty-four miles, and from 
 that point a pony trail leads to the mouth of Ruby Creek, the western 
 boundary of the district, twenty-nine miles, and to the headwaters of Slate 
 Creek, twenty-five miles further, with branch trails to the various sections of 
 the district. From the head of Slate Creek a trail leads down the Methow 
 Klver for fifteen miles and a wagon road thence to Ives Landing, seventy-flve 
 miles. 
 
 The Slate Creek District Includes Ruby, Canyon, Granite, Mill and a num- 
 ber of lesser streams and the country north toward the International boundary 
 line. The principal mines, however, are near the headwaters of Slate Creek, 
 hence its name. The first discoveries in this country were made nearly twenty 
 years ago by a man named Rowley. Then prospectors looked for placers only, 
 but as the placer ground was limited, the creeks were difficult to handle, the 
 cost of getting to the camp was enormous, and the trip extremely hazardous, 
 the camp was short lived, although upwards of 2,B00 men went In the first 
 season an-, fully $100,000 worth of dust was taken out. In those days the only 
 route to the diggings was through British Columbia. 
 
 After abandoning the district for twelve or thirteen years, prospectors 
 again went in, and not succeeding very well In getting at the placer gold, 
 turned their attention to prospecting for ledges. On and on they pressed, 
 until, on nearing the source of Slate Creek, they found that some of the gold 
 In the creek carried particles of quartz. But at first the ledges could not be 
 found, so It was determined to dig for them. The result was that a number 
 ot blind leads were located, some of them proving very rich. 
 
 One of the first and also one of the most valuable finds was the Eureka 
 
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 ¥!N1N0 IN THI PStCme HOdTMWItT, 
 
:.^-ii tiiiiiJ :J 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 IT 
 
 group, which was located In 1893, Its owners Incorporating under the name of 
 the Eureka Mining Company of Anacortes In 1895. In this group are six quartz 
 and two placer claims. These are all situated on the eastern slope of Slate 
 Hill, and, except the Lowman, are extensions on the Eureka lode. Slate Hill 
 is a part of a spur of the main Cascade Range, and with Benson Mountain 
 forms the divide between Slate Creek, the waters of which find their way into 
 the Skagit, and the headwaters of the Similkanrieen River. After running 
 westerly about three miles this spur turns to the south and forms the divide 
 between Slate Creek and Canyon Creek. The spur Is composed mainly of 
 slate, with poryhyry overlying or capping the summit In places. The Eureka 
 lode, the only one on Slate Hill on which any systematic mining has been done, 
 is probably the principal lode of the hill. Nowhere does it show any out- 
 cropping, being covered with from four to eight feet of earth, the top two 
 feet being soft earth and the rest a hard cement compounded of clay with 
 oxide of Iron. At the Eureka this surface dirt was stripped off for about forty 
 feet in length and thirty feet in width, exposing the ledge. In this process of 
 stripping the cement was washed through a primitive cradle and yielded good 
 wages. The ledge thus exposed is thirty feet between wallo. The quwta, 
 which extends from wall to wall with verj little slate intermixed, is much 
 decomposed and mixed with oxide of iron. The entire ledge assays high in 
 free milling gold. Seemingly there is little difference in value of any part 
 of lit. Pieces picked up at random, being broken, usually show free gold. 
 The ledge run ; nearly north and south, parallel with Slate Hill, dipping to the 
 east about 70 degrees, the walls, so far as exposeu, being well dteflned. A shaft 
 5x9 feet, starting on the east side or hanging wall, was sunk in 1895 to a depth 
 of fifty-four feet. At this depth a cross-cut was run six feet to the footwall, 
 s 4d was then run in the opposite direction twenty-four feet without reaching 
 tue hanging wall, making thirty feet of solid quartz, all well mlnerallzeu and 
 assaying well in gold. The ledge shows ir the shaft to a depth of twenty-five 
 feet the same brown iron oxidized ore as on the surface. At this depth It 
 changes to a hard white quartz, impregnated with fine iron pyrites, carrying 
 gold apparently in a free state, as several tests show It will amalgamate to 80 
 per cent, of the assay value. Work in this shaft was abandoned late In the 
 fall of 1895, owing to the difficulty of hoisting the ore by hand. A tunnel was 
 then started further to the east and below the shaft. Work was continued 
 in 1896 and the tunnel is now In 270 feet. This will cut the ledge at a deptb of 
 124 feet perpendicular below the shaft. The mine can be easily worked; by 
 comnaratlvely short tunnels to a depth of 1,400 feet, this being the level of 
 the creek. The ore carries $30 in gold, apparently ft«e mUlbig even when In 
 sulphuretr. 
 
 The Back group of five claims is situated on the western slope of Benson 
 Mountain, a part of the «ame spur as Slate Hill, and Is distant from the 
 Eureka g Dup about three miles. There are two parallel ledges, about' 400 
 feet aparr, with three claims on one and two on the other. These claims are 
 owned by Melville Curtis, A. M. Barron and H. H» Soule, all of Anacort«s> 
 The veins run northeasterly and southwesterly, with a dip of 80 d^re«B 
 northvresterly. The outcrop Is well defined and is traceable through all tl«* 
 claims. The qua: tz shows •.rom three to six feet in width, with a slat» Jdot- 
 wall, and porphyry in places on the hanging vail. The quartz is generally 
 white, carrying very little oxide of iron. It carries gold, silver and a snan 
 quantity of copper, an average of fpurvan^c^ys driving 8% ounces goldand'Sl 
 ounces silver. Tunnels have been started on three claims and are In from 
 iwpnty to fifty feet. Situated on the nMehlll, all these claims can be worked 
 from one main tunnel to a depth of 1,200 feet. 
 
 The Mammoth, also on Benson Mountaln» and near the Beck group, iM 
 owned by Messrs. Risley and Wobdin. It is a foiir-foot ledge, from which 
 some very rich ore has been taken. Very little development work has been 
 done, however, although the surface showing would seem to warrant It. 
 
 Northerly from the Eureka group and on the Canyon Creek slope of Slate 
 Range, Is the Excelsior, owned by Mesrrs. Benson and Templar. This Is a 
 six-foot lead, well defined, but of comparatively low grade, shown by an open 
 # cut and short tunnel. 
 
 Four mUes northwesterly from the Eureka is whi^tlSi knowa as the^jApf- 
 corteu grouDL near ! he headwaters of . Cascade branch, of Canypn Creek. 
 Probably thirty claims havo be*n here located, andwlthoiU; douM some, of 
 the richest ore ever taken from any raining camp came fronoH some of the 
 iMgee.of this locality, fhe first location waf* ma4e In IWJ, In 1895, ten pounda 
 olTore froffi the Ahaoortee claim yielded $76.^ In gold. The ledge, f rota wbwm 
 thl*,rlch rock w«us taken runs through foMr claims otth#_Ai»cprteagrot«t. 
 which, with four others, are owned by J. H. Youipg,, T, B. ChJW*. P- ^'}i»lm^ 
 D.. M, Woadbuxy. M, S. Smith, John Ruasner and Douglass AUmoaC, The 
 le^tee 4a ^mall, not aho wing over twenty inohes. hi any .pi»<»- Eleven nu^^ed 
 f^ up tlie hifl from where the rich rockef i8«5 was taken the ledce waB,a«pM» 
 uiMio.verad and very rich rook struck* Surface work only, has been don«^0|t 
 ttii^ property. 
 
 TlieJoTOvnt.PetniLaiapgBlde the AnaoorCes, has. a, ledge four feet b«ftMM»i 
 w»ite>t1S^g*nirtt« belW<luartR mixed with black slate, "V^^ carry*w«ol<l'«*»*. 
 a little silver. The owners, R. C. Sylvester, C. I. Carpenter. W. J. Farrell and 
 
•8 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 C. Ashley, have carried on development work aystematlcp/ily from the begln^ 
 ninsr. and have a sixty-foot tunnel. 
 
 Other promising claims of this group are the Gold C'jin, Kootneai, What- 
 com and Gold Coin. 
 
 The Alameda group Is southerly of and across Cascade branch from the 
 Anacortes group. Unlike most of the other mines of the Slate Creek country, 
 which are blind leads, the Alamedas show on the surface a three-foot ledge of 
 white quartz. The Alamedas are owned by P. E. Nelson, J. C. Phelps, G. B. 
 Smith, of Anacortes, and others. Prom the assays it would seem that the 
 ore runs from $28 to $35 per ton In gold, and that 't Is free milling. The find 
 Is a late one and very little work has been dore. 
 
 The Whistler Is on Crater Mountain, f.ve miles southeast of tho Eureka, 
 and is owneu by J. W. Romaine, R. A. Maxwell and John Leedy, < ' Whatcom. 
 The ledge is about twenty feet in widtt , with a flfteen-i;-xc'' ati ^r: >. )f rich 
 ore, carrying gold in a free state and alst) in black sulphur^t 5>.V • nt^3 of 
 ore have been made, yielding, it is said, $100 in gold per ton. 
 
 The Rockefeller, owned by John McCullough and Jamu >. ■ , *s on 
 Slate Hill. A ton shipment of ore yleldec' good results. The 'iEmi» -ck group 
 of four claims on Slate Mountain is own?d by C. F. Megquiei, H. Havekost 
 and P. W. Law. A flfty-foot tunnel has been run on a four-foot ledgo. The 
 ore carries gold and a small quantity of silver and copper. 
 
 While placer mining on a small scale will not, in all probability, over be 
 a success on Ruby or Canyon or their tributaries, there Is every reKson to 
 hope that with proper appliances, hydraulicking will prove remun<Tatlve. 
 Gold can be panned from almost any of the benches along the creeks, and 
 nuggets weighing as high as $20 have been found. During the past season 
 F. J. Scougale worked a group of fourteen claims near the mouth of Ruby 
 Creek with a small hydraulic plant and in six weeks took out $950 In nuggets 
 ranging from 10 cents upwards. Frank Ledger and others built a ilume a mile 
 long and worked the Old Discovery claims near the mopth of Canyon Creek 
 for about a month, employing seventeen men. 
 
 But the placer ground can only be worked thoroughly on a large scale, 
 and this will be done during th'i coming summer by the Ruby Hydraulic Gold 
 Mining Company. This company has bought the Scougale claims, extending 
 a mile up Ruby Creek from its mouth and covering an area of 420 acreo. 
 It has a depth of auriferous gravel ranging from thirty-five to 200 feet, esti- 
 mated to contain from 15,000,000 to 20,000,000 cubic yards, carrying from 25 cent?i 
 to $1 in gold per cubic yard. There are several prospect holes on the property 
 one of them being eighty feet deep. At the bottom the gravel runs about .' 
 cents to the yard in coarse gold and the gold grows finer as the suri'af** '■-. 
 approached, but It shows good colors all the way down. On the north ijit'c 
 or the creek the ground Is broken in places by rock, tiie gold is coaraei pxS 
 bedrock is frequently exposed. 
 
 The company proposes to equip this property with a complete hydraulic* 
 
 filant. It will make about three miles of ditch and flume, with a capacltv -*" 
 ,000 miner's inches, giving a pressure of 300 feet, lay 1,000 feet of twev.ty-four 
 Inch steel pipe, with giants, install a dynamo for electric lighti-jj, in order 
 that work may continue night and day, and build a sawmill to cut the neces- 
 sary lumber. A five-foot tailing flume will carry the debris into the Skagit 
 Canyon, where the river is swift enough to carry off the largest boulders. 
 Estimates of the cost of this plant and of the necessary buildings range from 
 $16,000 to $30,000, and It is estimated that it could move from 4,000 to 6,000 cubic 
 yards of gravel every twenty-four hours. 
 
 There is a prospect that a similar plant will be erected on Canyon, near 
 Boulder Creek. 
 
 THUNDER CREEK. 
 
 By Douglass Allmond, of Anacortes. 
 
 Not uiitil late in vhe fall of 1891 dl1 the pJo.«pjc^.- i; .netrate to the head- 
 waters of Thunder Creek. This stream ha. .♦" ■^our .-ir at the backbone, of the 
 main Cascade Range, a little north of east ■ ,. r,Iarbk :■ . tt, in Skagit County 
 and, flowing northw( sterly for twenty m'.es, empti ,i ii,to the Skagit River 
 about four miles so^'ih of the mouth of Ruby Crefk. The headwaters of 
 Thunder Creek and Cascade River (the next large stream to the south) are 
 not more than four miles apart, but the divide is rugged in the extreme well 
 deserving the name of Sawtooth Jlange. 
 
 In 1891 John Russner and two other prospectors crossed the Boston Glao'er 
 at the head of the Cascade, climbed the Sawtooths, and descending the 
 northerly slope crossed another glacier that really forms the head of Thunder 
 Creek. The trip was a dangerous one, but tbe men were rewarded by finding 
 a "good prospect," although they did not then have any conception of the 
 richness or extent of their find. Cascade District prospectors had found only 
 galena ores, and this was what Russner and his companions were looking for' 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 n 
 
 ao when they located a ledge of green ore, not having any of the attractiveness 
 of brlsrht galena, they put In their stakes simply because the lode was well 
 defined, and carried away samples, having only a faint hope that these might 
 show some value, although there did not seem to be anything to cause 
 enthusiasm.^ The locations were called Willis and Everett. To the surprise 
 of all, however, this greenish ore proved to be very rich in silver, some assays 
 running as high as 3,400 ounces. 
 
 In 1892 there was quite a rush to the new camp, and many more good finds 
 were made, although galena ores predominated. Six more claims were located 
 on the Willis and Everett lead and covered the entire distance from these two 
 claims, which were at an altitude of about 7,500 feet, down to Thunder Creok. 
 The works at the lower claim are near the creek, and at an altitude of perhaps 
 2,500 feet above sea level. At this point the ledge carries galena. 
 
 Perhaps several dozen claims in all have been located In the Thunder 
 Creek country, but the amount of development work done Is very limited. 
 In the fall of 1892 the Skagit Mining and Milling Company was formed and 
 obtained control of the Willis and Everett claims. This company shipped 
 several tona to the smelter, the returns being 190 ounces in silver. But not- 
 withstanding the richness of this ore, it was found unprofitable to ship, 
 because of the heavy charges for packing, etc., and mining was not again 
 resumed. This was the only ore ever shipped out of the district, owners of 
 claims contenting themselves, on account of the low price of sliver, with 
 merely doing assessment work. 
 
 A. E. Hartay and others own two good claims at the head of Thunder 
 Creek Basin. They are northerly of the Boston, In Cascade District, and it is 
 believed that the Boston lead cuts through the Sawtooth Range, again crop- 
 ping on the Thunder Creek side, where Hartay made his locations. Assays 
 show about $140 for all values. 
 
 Among other promising locations in the district may be mentioned the 
 Hartford and extensions, on the Willis and Everett lead; the Ice Gate group, 
 a high-grade galena; th^ Major, Silver Queen, Jasper, St. Louis and Puget 
 Sound. 
 
 The Tltunder Creek country may well be said to be a camp of great 
 promise, although difBcult of access, only awaiting the quickening touch of 
 capital and energy. It can be reached by two routes. One of them Is by 
 trail up the Skagit; the other via Lake Chelan. From Marble Mount to the 
 mouth of Thunder Creek is about twenty-five miles, and from the mouth to 
 the headwaters is about twenty miles. It is about forty miles from Lake 
 Chelan to the headwaters of Thunder Creek. This latter route is up the 
 Stehekln to Park CreeH, thence up the latter stream and across the main 
 Cascades via the Park Creek summit. 
 
 BUTH CREEK. 
 
 Prospecting in this district only dates back to the cloae of the summer of 
 1894 but the few discoveries so far made are an earnest of what remains to 
 reward more general and thorough work and an evidence that the mineral 
 found further north and south in the Cascade Range extends through the 
 whole width of Whatcom County. The district lies between the main range of 
 the Cascades and the loftier parallel range on the west, of which Mounts 
 Baker and Shuksan are the principal peaks, and is drained by the Nooksack 
 River and Its tributaries. Most of the ledges so far discovered crop in the 
 south slope of the ridge closing in the Ruth Creek Valley on the north, and in 
 and about Hannegan Pass, which crosses the divide between the headwaters 
 of the Nooksack and Chilllwack Rivers. 
 
 The exploration of this region began in 1894 with the partial construction 
 of the state trail up Glacier Creek, due north of Mount Baker,* for twenty 
 miles eastward, with the Intention of crossing the Baker Range north of 
 Mount Shuksan, thence down Beaver Creek to the Skagit, across the main 
 ranpe and down the Methow. This route was abandoned in fjivf r of the one 
 bv way of the Cascade and Twlsp Passes, over which the trail t/as last year 
 constructed, but Its partial construction by the Hannegun Pass route opened 
 the way to prospectors. Whatcom County has followed up this work by 
 buildlne bridges across the north fork of the Nooksack and converting the 
 trail Into a wagon road, thus making it possible to haul supplies within 
 fourteen miles of the camp. Tho route from Seattle Is by the Seattle & 
 International Railroad to Deming Station, 112 miles, thence by wagon road 
 twonty-slx mlies and by trail fourteen miles. , „, . .. t -^r tt , ** .■ 
 
 Late in the summer of 1894 E. H. Thomas, of Bla ne, and J. W. Hulett made 
 the flfBt discovery, on which they located the Hulett. This was a ledge of 
 great width, heavily capped with Iron at frequent intervals, which crops high 
 on Burnt Mountain, north of the nineteenth mile post. The walls are in^nite 
 and hornblende and the ledge is easily traced for several miles over the 
 morntalns. The ore carries Iron and copper pyrites "IJil jirserilcal Iron. »"$ 
 assays from surface specimens range from a trace to $23 gold, with traces of 
 
60 
 
 MINING IN THK PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 silver and a small percentage of copper. This was the first of five parallel 
 ledges, all heavily capped, running through Ruth and Granite Mountains. 
 The country rock Is granite, in which large masses of hornblende occur, but at 
 the base of Ruth Mountain is a trap overflow. On one of the parallel ledges, 
 with a large heavy capping, are the Granite and Edith, which have been little 
 prospected. On another, near Hannegan Pass, Messrs. Galloway and Shoe- 
 maker, of Lynden, have several claims from which good gold assays have 
 been rbialTied. A good prospect was found In the Marine, located in Septem- 
 ber, 1 ' bv J. W. Barber and others on Burnt Mountain, half a mile east of 
 the K "^n the cropping was twenty inches of honey-combed guartz 
 
 carrying s and arsenical iron, of which three assays of surface samples 
 
 ran 15.60 , v24.58 silver and lead, 6 per cent, copper; |23.20 gold; $19 gold, 
 
 respectivei; .tn an eighteen-foot shaft the ledge widened to five feet and 
 carries five inches of solid mineral. 
 
 Last season George Longdon and others discovered near the head of 
 Beaver Creek a small lake formed by a dike of granite against a mass of 
 quartz 300 feet wide. This quartz constitutes the bed of the lake and Is 
 plainly visible through the clear water, evidently carrying mineral. 
 
 THE C2IC0 TIN MINES. 
 
 A great deposit of tin ore cropping near Wildcat Lake, four miles from 
 Chico in Kitsap county, has for some time been the sMbject of much specula- 
 tion and Its value has been attested by such authority among mining engin- 
 eers aa to warrant the organization of the Cook Kitchen Mining Company to 
 develop It. The deposit is held under twenty-six mining claims, covering 462 
 acres of land, with a water right on Wildcat Lake, a sheet of water covering 
 160 to 200 acres. 
 
 The deposit consists of a great body of killas carrying casslterite, or 
 pyrites of tin, native oxide of tin, with considerable wolframite, tourmalin, 
 arsenlous iron and mica. It. is over 400 feet wide and of much greater length, 
 running six degrees north of west and south of east, the contact south about 
 one mile being gray sandstone, and north a hard calcine dolomitic rock. Pqur 
 shafts are down for depths ranging from twenty-flve to eighiy-flve feet, the 
 deepest being at the footwall with an extension now In progress fifty feet 
 deeper. One of these shafts shows solid tin ore on all four sides, increasing 
 In value as it goes down, while a small cut near the footwall shows rock 
 richly impregnated with arsenlous iron, sulphate of iron, casslterite or tin- 
 stone and brlttlts argentum, the casslterite crystals being in plain sight. An- 
 other cut shows more malachite copper than the first mentioned. A number 
 of assays have been made, showing the percentage of tin In the ore taken 
 from the deepest shaft to range from three to five and one-half, while sam- 
 ples from one of the cuts carried traces of tin, iron and copper, and from 
 another cut ten ounces silver and 4 per cent. tin. An assay from a depth of 
 twenty-flve feet in the shaft ran: Silver, 39% ounces; tin, 4% per cent; copper 
 sulphides, 9A per cent., and another assay for gold and silver alone showed 
 JS.72 gold. $2.32 sliver. 
 
 This deposit is peculiarly accessible, being only four miles distant by road 
 from Chlco, on Port Washington, a branch of Puget Sound. With deep water 
 Navigation thence to any railroad the cost of transportation will be at the 
 minimum. 
 
 In order to reduce the ore, it is proposed to crush it and wash out the 
 lighter waste, then roast the concentrates remaining dn order to get rid of th« 
 arsenic and sulphur and oxidize the iron pyrites, which is removed by a 
 second washing. Oxide of copper will be extracted with diluted sulphuric 
 acid and the copper In the solution then precipitated with iron. The purified 
 ore, known as black tin, will then be shipped to the smelter. 
 
 GOLD CHEEK. 
 
 A short distance east of the summit of the Snoqualmie Pass is a mlntngr 
 district, of which little has been heard but where much has been done with 
 satisfactory results. At the head of Gold Creek, which flows Into Lake 
 Kltchelos, the source of the Yakima River, the granite and syenite country 
 rock Is out by true flssure ledges, running almost north and south, with the 
 line of the divide, and sometimes cutting both granite and syenite In their 
 oourae. The surface ledge matter Is porphyry, but as one goes down Ih It, it 
 changes to quartz. The mineral carries gold and silver in the form of sul- 
 phides, bromides of silver, ruby silver, steel galena and carbonates of leikd. 
 
 The nearest route by rail from Seattle is by the Northern Pacific to MMrtln 
 Jltatton, 161 miles, thence northward on the Snoqualmie wagon road along 
 the east bank of Lake Kltchelos, ten miles, and by tra:ll up Gold Onek, 
 
 I M TM» r Aotrio m 
 
GOLD CREEK 
 
 KITTITAS COUNTY, 
 
 WASHINGTON. V 
 
 imex TO MinacB cuiM. 
 
 1 Mildred. 
 
 % Granite King. 
 
 :). ()ri);inal. 
 
 4. Sail Praneisca 
 
 5. Oranite Point. 
 ti. Highland. 
 
 7. Revington Oroop. 
 
 8. No. 15. 
 
 9. Ha»inA. 
 
 10. Victoria. 
 
 11. Brown Peak. 
 
 12. Superior. 
 
 13. Kittita*. 
 
 14. State of Washington 
 
 Tr a /'/a ■ 
 
 I M THC f MtriO NCWTHWMT, , 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 61 
 
 eight mlies. The district can also be reached by the Seattle & International 
 Kailroad to Sallal Prairie, sixty-three miles, and the Snoqualmle Pass road, 
 thirty-four miles. Prospectlngr began In the year 1890 and has been followed 
 up by a large amount of development. 
 
 The principal property is the Esther and Louisa group of twelve claims, 
 owned by the Gold Creek Mining Company of Seattle. One of tho main ledges 
 running through two clainiH has widened from thirty-six to forty lnch«is in th« 
 face of a thirty-foot tunnel and carries concentrating ore ranging m value 
 from $10 to $40, according to various assays. Two lower level.s havi^ been run 
 seventy feet each on this ledge and two feeders have been opened. Several 
 shipments of sorted ore aggregatbig about ten tons were made to the Tacoma 
 smelter in 1896 and the returns snowed an average gross value of about $100 
 a ton. A parallel ledge has been opened, varying in width from two to three 
 feet, with a pay streak of eight to twenty-two inches. On another ledge 
 extending through two claims a twenty-foot tunnel has shown a pay streak 
 of six to eight inches and ^ 100-foot tunnel on another ledge has shown six to 
 twelve Inches of ore assaying from $20 to $100. This company has two power 
 drills, operated by steam, and an ore breaker. It will this season erect a 
 concentrator and put in a water power plant to run all the machinery. 
 
 On the right bank of the Creek is the Granite King group of six cialms, 
 owned by the Granite King Gold Mining Company, two claims being on each 
 of three ledges. One of these has three tunnels, the upper 180 feet, the second 
 seventy feet long 150 feet lower down the mountain and the third thirty feet, 
 showing It to be about four feet, mineralized for the full width between strong 
 walls and carrying twelve to twenty Inches of highly mineralized rock. A 
 second ledge runs Into this one from the right and has twelve Inches of pay 
 ore carrying gold and copper. The third shows galena and copper sulphides 
 in a twenty-foot timnel. Assays from these several ledges have never gone 
 below $26 and have run as ^Igh as $180. Work was continued far Into the 
 winter, until the cabin was carried ".Tr&y by a snowsllde and the occupants 
 had a narrow escape with thel»* lives. 
 
 On the Good Luck, Lon Jose and Mrs. Revlngton have run a cross-cut 
 100 feet to tap a good ledge, cutting a number of stringers ranging from six 
 to twelve Inches and carrying rich galena ore, on one of which tney have run 
 a drift. The same parties have run a tunnel tfilrty feet on the Fourth of 
 July ledge, showing a good pay streak. 
 
 CLE-ELUM. 
 
 The great belt of copper and gold ledges which runs through the backbone 
 of the Cascade range crops with great strength on the mountains drained by 
 the Clo-elum River and extends northeastward across the Teanaway to the 
 base of Mount Stuart and west tO Lake Kahchees. In the same belt ai^e 
 many ledges of quartz carrying free gold and sulphurets, with galena In Its 
 various forms. Further southeast, down the course of the river. Is a belt of 
 pyrites ledges capped with magnetic and hematite Iron, which have caused 
 them for years to be miscalled the Cle-elum iron mines. The district has been 
 legally organized and extends from the headwaters of the river to Cle-elum 
 Lake and from Kahchees Lake on the west to the Teanaway divide on the 
 east. Recent discoveries have, however, extended beyond the latter line to 
 a connection with the Negro Creek unorganized district among the foothills 
 of Mount Stuart. 
 
 The district is easily reached from Seattle or Spokane. Prom the former 
 city one takes the Northern Pacific tralu to Cle-elum, 122 miles, and the 
 branch line to Roslyn, four miles distant. A wagon road leads thence to 
 Cle-elum Lake and up the Cle-elum River to I-l-ass Lake, near Its source, 
 thirty miles away. Trails branch off from the road up all the principal creeks 
 and traverse the district to the summits on the right and left. 
 
 The country rock of the district is granite, syenite, porphyry an'^ slate, 
 with dikes of serpentine and the mineral ledges cut in a generally no thwest 
 and southeast direction, with some cross ledges running east and wes . Dis- 
 coveries in this district began about 1881, when A. ". Boyls. the presf>nt 
 venerable but vigorous mining recorder, In company with S. S. Hawkins and 
 Moses Splawn, traveled up Camp Creek and on Hawkins Mountain traced 
 three parallel ledges carrying iron sulphurets. From that time forward 
 prospecting traced the belt twenty miles down the Cle-elum from its head ana 
 east and west for fifteen miles as already outlined. 
 
 The best developed propert" is the Aurora group of five claims on Mam- 
 moth Mountain, owned by John and Timothy Lynch, which carry high-grade 
 gold and sliver ore. The mountain is composed mainly of metamorphio rock, 
 cut diagonally by dikes of granite In which are fissure ledges of quartz run- 
 ning east and west. One ledge haa bee% traced five feet wide over 2,000 feet 
 and carries free gold and sulphurets, being heavily oxidized to a depth of 
 fifty feet. A shaft fifty feet deen on the hanging wall cut a twelve-Inch 
 sttlnger at thiny-fl'Vte feet and stioWWd OM aV*rBt|5«rr iWTroW. ' "ft tfUSWIUBB 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWKflT. 
 
 feeder widened to eighteen inchesi In a stxty-foot tunnel, from which a winie 
 1b being sunk. A twenty-foot dike of porphyry crops out very distinctly on 
 'tfie west and carries decomposed red oxide of copper and Iron, with two feet 
 of red ochre on the hanging wall carrying $114 gold, 8 ounces silver. On a 
 parallel five-foot ledge, enclosed In a porphyry dike, a tunnel is In twenty feet, 
 Bhowlng fr«e gold and sulphurets. Another ledge four feet wide runs parallel 
 and will be tapped by a tunnel now in seventy feet. An average of the crop- 
 pings shipped to San Francisco returned $126 gold, $1.09 silver and assays 
 nHVe shown $200, $269, $229 gold, with a trace to $1 silver. On another parallel 
 ledge three feet wide and traced for 1,000 feet, a tunnel has penetrated sixty 
 feet showing ore the full width, after cutting a slate horse carrying pyrites, 
 and another tunnel is In 115 feet at a point 100 feet deeper, while a third tunnel 
 Is in twenty feet and shows good mineral. A shipment of twenty tons from 
 the two last-named ledges returned $66 gold and a trace of silver. A mill of 
 four 320-pound stamps and one four-foot concentrator was erected In 1896 on 
 a millsite at the foot of the mountain and made a successful run, exact 
 results of which were not obtainable. The running of a 2,000-foot cross'^cut to 
 tap al Ithese ledges at depth Is contemplated for this season. 
 
 West of this group E. P. Gassman has the American Eagle group of four 
 claims on a parallel four-foot ledge with two feeders, and a shaft Is down ten 
 feet on It showing ore which assayed from $27 to $125 gold. A cross-cut has 
 been run sixty feet to tap the main ledge, which would also be struck by the 
 proposed cross-cut on the Aurora group. On a twenty-four Inch ledge on the 
 Vldette, A. P. Boyls Is sinking a shaft showing similar ore. 
 
 On another parallel ledge to the southwest P. A. Stanton and James Orleve 
 have the two Bronco claims. A thirty-foot tunnel has been driven on a 
 four-foot ledgp of sulphurets and arsenical iron, and 100 feet below another 
 tunnel is in 110 feet, striking a 26-Inch feeder. A sackful of ore shipped to 
 the Tacoma smelter returned $13S and assays have run $140 to $180. 
 
 Also on Mammoth Mountain, J. H. Topping, of Seattle, has the Topping 
 on a six-foot ledge of free milling and concentrating ore, on which an inclined 
 shaft is down thirty-three feet, and a cross-cut has been started. Two 
 assays ran $60 and $37 gold, $23 and $3 silver. The Prince group, owned by Mr. 
 Topping, J. A. Johnson and Mrs. J. F. Cummings, of Seattle, comprises five 
 claims on a ledge of sulphuret ore traced through the whole string across 
 the head of the river, with one claim on the Topping ledge. A tunnel has 
 been run a short distance. 
 
 On the south side of Mammoth Mountain is the Fish Eagle, owned by 
 James Grieve and K. W. Dunlap, on a great outcrop of copper ore stained red 
 with oxidized iron, blue with bromide of copper and black with oxide of cop- 
 per, at least forty feet wide. A cross-cut tunnel has been driven 262 feet to 
 tap the ledge at a depth of 190 feet and 4s expected to strike it in twenty-flve 
 or thirty feet more. 
 
 On a sharp granite peak at the head of one of the forks of the Icicle but 
 reached by a trail branching off for three miles from the Cle-elum road Is the 
 King Solomon Mine, owned by James .Grieve, K. W. Dunlap and August 
 Basse, where development has been prosecuted with fifteen to twenty men 
 The ledge cuts through this peak In a north and south course and is of white 
 
 2,f?ir*«' fto'i^ i'^^^ '^^^ ^'i^- ..f* '^^'••^^^ /^'«"a' antlmonlal silver and gold 
 with a trace of copper, and will average $133, mostly In gold. Assays of the 
 rich streaks give $180 gold, 60 ounces silver, 22 per cent. lead. A tunnel wkS 
 first driven 300 feet from the summit and is now In 130 feet on the ledge Ind IS 
 upraise has beea made for twenty-two feet, from which the ore is belS2 
 Btoped out for smelting The same ledge has been traced 1.200 feet over thf 
 summit of the peak and down a gulch on the north side, in which °t croM 
 eight feet wide between granite walls 100 feet high. A tunnel has p "en drlvS! 
 fifteen feet at this point, where Mr. Grieve has the Silver riend. and a cross- 
 cut will be driven 200 feet to tap the ledge near the King Solomon line On 
 an eight-foot ledge parallel with the Silver Fiend, and carrylnTsiml^ar ore 
 Messrs. Grieve, Gassman and Dunlap have the Humbug on which th^v are 
 tunneling. On the next gulch east of the Silver Fiend Messrs rtriiif J «,Ih 
 Basse and Mrs. Churchill have the Last Chance on a s^x-foot Tedg? c^^^ 
 gold lead and plumbago, assays giving $4.30 In gold. A cross-cSt' hfTfeSS 
 run thirty feet and a shaft sunk twenty-five feet On another ««*/««♦ liSS 
 
 parallel 
 feet on 
 several 
 
 twenty feet long, which assavs ahonf J?l in ITv!:^! ^f,"®^ by tunnels forty and 
 
 K,5.T„"n^s x?S^ EfJi^^^^^^ 
 
.V* 
 
 ■\ OS 
 • M 
 
 
 M 
 
 :«» 
 
 .11. 
 
 
 M 
 M 
 M 
 M 
 
 .SS 
 iS8 
 
 
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 .sr 
 
 -.ST 
 
 .w 
 
 ■ >"' 
 
^->i»iii|ii m jii i ii M i ilMn itti.-. 
 
INOtX. 
 i. I'riiiue. 
 'I TuppUif. 
 
 3. Vlileltti. 
 
 4. Kugla. 
 b. Aurora. 
 
 6. Hroiicu. 
 
 7. Laat Uafle. 
 
 8. Whllu Star 
 V. Bllvur 
 
 I'lend. 
 
 10, Kliit. 
 
 Hulumon. 
 
 11. LuMt 
 
 Chance. 
 U. 131b UuS- 
 
 13. Kooky 
 
 Point 
 
 14. (jueen of 
 
 the Hills. 
 
 15. JuHt ln_^ 
 
 10. Qold 
 
 Mountain. 
 
 17. Maytlower, 
 
 18. Mountain 
 
 Chief. 
 
 19. Mountain 
 
 Uellu. 
 30. Qoldcn 
 
 KaKle. 
 
 21. Piper 
 
 HledHleck. 
 
 22. St. Paul. 
 
 23. Mount 
 
 Whistler. 
 
 24. Morning' 
 
 Star. 
 m. Sliver 
 
 Queen, 
 fill 
 
 26. Red fiirdV 
 
 27. Fountain 
 ^ of Qolrt. 
 
 28. Ballard. 
 
 29. Jted Eagle. 
 
 30. Family. 
 
 31. Sherman. 
 
 32. Wlslahln. 
 
 33. Ohamer. 
 
 34. Standard. 
 36. Klnsr of 
 
 Sweden. 
 
 36. Eureka. 
 
 37. Grey EagU 
 
 38. 'nptop. 
 3». Twin. 
 
 40. Jumbo. 
 
 41. White 
 
 Water. 
 
 42. Rushing 
 
 Water. 
 
 43. Ruhy King 
 
 44. Lake City. 
 46. Trio. 
 
 46. Nugget. 
 
 47. Mountain 
 43. Helm. 
 
 49. Orphan. 
 
 60. Jo\i Bug. 
 
 61. Midway. 
 
 62. fTuckle- 
 
 berry. 
 hi. lia KImore 
 54. Jllver 
 
 Dump. 
 56. 3rown 
 
 Bear. 
 .W. :;ascade. 
 67. auby. 
 58, 3eaver. 
 69. tfaud C. 
 60, ::ie-Elum. 
 81. ?awk. 
 62. 'I Ass. 
 6! I Bpha. 
 
 65, 5oyle. 
 
 6i lohnson. ' 
 
 66, Iwayne & 
 
 halght. 
 
 66. Jrown 
 
 Point. 
 
 67. 3utte. 
 
 68. Irand 
 View. 
 
 Chesapeake 
 Ceystone. 
 ron Duktt. 
 ron King, 
 ron Boss. 
 ^e River, 
 ron 
 
 Monarch, 
 ron Prince 
 ron 
 
 Monitor, 
 ron Clad, 
 ron Ship. 
 «adea 
 
 Queen, 
 leader, 
 ■on 
 . Tankee. 
 he Ta- 
 
 coma. 
 unset, 
 ard- 
 
 scrabble, 
 onqueior. 
 'orninsr 
 r -Star, 
 far Eagle. 
 
 John. 
 k; I'Uke. 
 horp. 
 ihn C. 
 
 69. 
 70, 
 71. 
 71 
 71 
 7t 
 15. 
 
 76. 
 77. 
 
 78. 
 79, 
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 IL 
 
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 ti 
 
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 .i^Vi /■■<! »; 
 
 V 
 
 "aswHift'.iyi ci>'«ia«'»'lhrT/i« <»*♦**»< 
 
MIKINO IN THH PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 Ian «lghtecn-lnch pay streak aaaaylng $8 to $60. Th« Mcond ledge bHowh three 
 I feet of ore In an open cut and the third Hhowa thirty inches on the surface. 
 
 On the divide between l<'ortuno Creek and the Teanaway the Hallard Gold 
 Mining A Milling Company has the two Tip Top claims on parallel ledges. 
 I One Is Shown by a thlrtv-flve foot shaft to widen from three to eight feet and 
 [carries $14 to $20 gold, silver and copper in sulphurets and carbonates of c jp- 
 lpi»T. The other ledge Is similar In character. The same company has the 
 lOoid Mountain near the mouth of the creek, on which a small tunnel shows 
 I two feet of free milling ore. 
 
 A mile above the mouth of the creek the Mountain Chief Gold Mining 
 ICompany has the Mountain Chief on a three and one-half foot ledge of talc 
 ■between walls of graiilto and black quartz. An Incline following the ledge at 
 Ian angle of 46 decrees shows black oxide of copper assaying from 10 to 40 per 
 loent. copper, and a trace to $104 gold, the average being about $30 gold. On 
 |Qtge»ten»lon up the mountain the Fortune Creek Mining, Milling & Smelting 
 ICompany has the Mountain Belle, In which an open out makes. an equally 
 |good showing. 
 
 The Mayflower, which Is on the extension of one of the Rocky Point 
 
 iledges, Is owned by Dr. C. S. Emery and H. F. Welse, of Ballard. It has a 
 
 lledge of crystallized quartz. In which two small tunnels have shown about 
 
 ■thirty Inches of pay ore carrying $14 gold, larK«'ly free. On the extension of 
 
 lone of the Rocky Point ledges to the river, wltli wo others parallel, Mr. Welse 
 
 |and 8. Kedzie Smith have the Big Bug. On >edge Is seven feet of quarts 
 
 carrying ruby silver and bromides, another of undeflned width carries copper 
 
 pyrites; the third carrier 'itrtaks of Iron and copper sulphides In a black 
 
 luartz gangue. On the &!ayflower ledge Mr. Welse has the Just In Time, on 
 
 rhlch a ten-foot shaft has shown six feet of free milling ore assaying $46 to 
 
 178 «old and a little silver. 
 
 The Queen of the Hills, owned by John Kelly and John Bailey, has a flve- 
 Coot ledge on which a tlfteen-foot tunnel has shown free gold and sulphuret 
 »re, assaying $0.46 gold. On the WhlppoorwIU, R. S. Ward, of Ballard, has 
 Ihown three and one^half feet of similar ore to the Mountain Chief on an 
 Bight-foot opt ii out. 
 
 The Standard and Ohamer, owned by George W, and B. H. Terwllllger and 
 )le Ohamer. of Ballard, are on three parallel ledges, two about three feet and 
 the third twenty inches. Kxtenslve open cuts have been made on all three, 
 Bhowinp Hulphldes carrying gold, sliver and copper. The twenty-Inch ledge 
 issays $13 gold and contains a rich one-Inch streak carrying native lead. 
 There are fifty tons on the dump. Adjoining these the Terwllllger brothers 
 ind Ralph Miles have the two Ruby King claims on a six-foot ledge discov- 
 ered In September, 1896, on which an eight-foot shaft has shown seven inches 
 it sulphides and antlmonial sliver, one assay running 643 ounces silver, $M 
 fold. On a twenty-four Inch ledge of sulphides crossing the Ruby King the 
 rerwllllgers have the Lake -Olty. - Above these -the two Rushing Water 
 plalms, owned by the Terwllllgers, are on a forty-foot ledge of quartz carry- 
 ^g free gold and sulphurets and assaying $5 gold and silver on the surface. 
 >n the Twin group of four claims, the Terwllllger brothers have three parallel 
 knd two cross ledges. One of these carries two feet of copper sulphides In a 
 Bfteen-i'oot tunnel, an assay showing $23 gold, silver and copper, and another 
 brops thirty feet wide and shows quartz carrying galena and sulphides In an 
 Wght-foot cross-cut. At the head of the north fork John Berg and John 
 Kelley, of Roslyn, have the Tip-Top No. 1 on a thirty-Inch l«ge, carrying 
 lold, sliver and copper In sulphurets, which a flfteen-foot shant shows to be 
 Hdenlng. John Orosso, John Somers and Adolph Eisner, of Roslyn, have the 
 lary on a seven-foot ledge which assays $9 gold, $6 silver, 1 per cent, copper, 
 ^d Is believed to carry nickel. 
 
 On the left bank of the creek, running to the summit, Is the Family group 
 >f four claims on a great body of low grade ore, owned by E. O. Marsh, 
 Lndrew Teuke, Henry Langenbacher, Charles Sears, of Ballard, and A. C. 
 powman, of Seattle. This body of ore crops eighty feet wide on the summit 
 Id 225 feet wide at a lower point, where It Is cut by a small creek, and has 
 syenite hanging and granite foot wall. The ledge matter is talcose quartz 
 "ith talc gouge and Is mineralized throughout with flne-gralned white Iron 
 ilphurets. A tunnel has been driven thirty-three feet, running Into a hard, 
 irk quartz, and. a cross-cut runs ten feet towards the hanging wall, all In 
 re which assays $1.80 gold, 20 cents sliver. On a supposed spur from the 
 immtt outcrop of this ledge Thomas and Don Smith have the two Don Tom 
 ^Ims, on which surface ore assays $2.27 gold and silver. On the same gulch 
 the Family group William McKasson, John H. Corblns and Mayor H. P. 
 Ipgh, of Roslyn, have the two Mountain Whistler claims on a parallel ledge 
 : similar ore fourteen feet wide, shown In a surface cut twenty feet long 
 ud twenty feet deep. 
 
 On the next gulch below, the Clermont Gold Mining Company has the 
 
 liver Queen group of two claims on two parallel ledges, one of which shows 
 
 Tree and one-half feet wide in a fifty-foot tunnel and carries $16 gold, $2.30 
 
 |ver In sulphurets. There are seventy tons of ore In the ore house. Above 
 
 ese «51alm'B*'Terwllllger brothers and Ote Ohamer have tbe-tw<>Gk>J«lbug 
 
 ilms on a foui -foot ledge showing free gold In an eighteen-foot open cut. 
 
64 
 
 M-NING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 Li. F. McConli a, of Roslyn, and W. E. Head, of Seattle, have a four-foot 
 ledere of sulphuret ore assaying $18 gold on the Gambler's Dream. 
 
 At the mouth of Fortune Crsek the Fortune Creek Mining, Milling and 
 Smelting Company has erected a mill with two 600-pound stamps, of which 
 the wcfj^ht and number of drops will be Increased by coll 8pi;Ings forcing 
 them down. The river has been dammed to produce fall enough to run a 
 water wheel, which was ready to turn last summer, but was carried out by 
 the fall floods. The company has also shipped in a pyrltlc water-jacket 
 smelter of twenty tons dally capacity, which will be erected In the spring. 
 
 The great copper belt extends for seven miles northwest and southeast 
 from the base gf Mount Hawkins through the Teanaway watershed to the 
 source of IngaHs Creek at the base of Mount Stuart, and Is covered with loca- 
 tions for the whole distance. Therji are two main ledges, which have been 
 traced on the surface at intervals, one being tlfteen to twenty feet and the 
 other five feet and upwards, v/ith walls of granite and porpnyry on one side 
 and granite and .serpentine on the other. Both carry red and black oxide of 
 copper and masses of native copper weighing 400 pounds and upwards, the 
 ore always having a considerable gold value as well. 
 
 The most easterly group is the Grandview of three claims, owned by 
 Paul Gaston, J. T. Hamilton and Dr. R, C. Corey, on which one ledge crops 
 ten to twelve feet wide. In a tunnel sixty feet long at a depth of eighty feet 
 is a pay streak elohteen to forty-eight inches wide, in which bodies of native 
 copper frequently occur, surrounded by black oxide. The lowest assays have 
 shown 10 per cent, copper and $6 gold, and the value has run as high as 60 
 per cent, copper and $15 gold. A cross-cut has been started to tap this ledge 
 at a depth of 140 to 150 feet. Ther come the Butte group of three claims, 
 owned by the Anaconda of Washington Copper & Gold Mining Compt'.ny, 
 on which two open cuts have defined the smaller ledge to be three to fourteen 
 feet wide, and the Crown Point group of five, owned by Messrs Gaston, Corey 
 and Hamilton, where the ledge is shown up by an open cuv ^nd has been 
 stripped. The Swayne and Haight group of seven claims, bonded to D. N. 
 Baxter, adjoins on the west, having a 120-foot tunnel showing good r' . in one 
 ledg e. The Johnson group of eight claims, owned by Messrs, Gaston, Corey 
 and Hamilton, has a, fifteen-foot shaft and several open cuts showing a streak 
 of native copper two to twelve inches wide for the whole length. The Boyls 
 STOup of eight claims on both ledges, owned by A. P. Boyls is Vionded to 
 Messrs. Corey and Hamilton. The wider ledge has been opened by tunnels 
 forty, seventy, ninety and 20O feet, giving a depth of 300 feet and blocking 
 out 1,000 tons of ore °imllar to that in the Grandview and assaying 10 to 48 
 per cent, copper. On the smaller ledge are tunneW thirty and 100 feet, ore 
 from which carried 48 per cent, copper and about JIO gold and silver. A ledge 
 o* free milling ore eighteen to thiriy-slx Inches wide and assaying from ^5 
 to $li5 go''! on the surf ace' crosses these two at right angles. 
 
 The first discovery ort Mofmt Hawkins was three parallel ledges . rylng 
 iron sulphurets, on each of which two claims have been taken. • In i^.> Cle- 
 Blum and Hawk group A. P. Boyls find VV. B. Kelly have four claims, two 
 on each of the lower two ledges. One shows two to five feet wide in a i1*ty- 
 foot inclined shaft, from which assays averaged about $50, though a sample 
 across the bottom is said to have shown,$455 gold. A 120-foot cross-cut will 
 tap this shaft in thirty feet more, On the other ledge an Incline of thirty 
 feet shows it to be eight to ten feet wide, carrying $25 gold and a little silver. 
 The I-i-ass, owned by P. J, Flint, is on the third ledge, which is defined as 
 forty feet wide by a cross-cut, and has a pay streak In the cropplngs four 
 or five feet wide, assaying $25 gold and upwards, with a little silver. On the 
 extension Moses Emerson and John O'Nell have t,he Kpha and an extension 
 showing four to six feet of quartz carrying $7.20 gold and an ounce of silver 
 on the surface. 
 
 On the west spur of Mount Hawkins is the Ida Elmore, owned by Messrs. 
 Hawkins, Grieve and Dunlap, on which a tunnel ci.'-ty-six feet shows a ledge 
 eighteen to thirty-six Inches, assaying $45 free gold and $82 gold In sulphurets. 
 A cross-cut has been run 23G feet to tap it. On a parallel ledge la the 
 Maud O., owned by A. D. Olmstead, C. O. Bwayne and A. W. Haight, of 
 Roslyn, E. W. Wilson and C. W. Sill, of Seattle. A tunnel and Incline have 
 been run 147 feet on the ledge, showing eighteen inches of solid free milling 
 ore, of which an average assay gave $74 gold and $1 silver. A small stamp 
 mill has TSeen bought for this property and will be erected when tie snow 
 goes off. Near the mouth of Camp Creek J. C. Jackson and Charles Eaton 
 have the Beaver <in a four-foot ledge between granite walls, on which a 
 tunnel is In thirty-five feet. The ore assays $18 gold, sliver and copper In 
 sulphurets. 
 
 The Ruby group of two claims has five closely parallel ledges, which have 
 been traced acrous the rJver to Goat Mountain, and is owned by H F Weise 
 and S. Ktdzic Smith. One ledge of great size has a fifty-foot tunnel along 
 the hanging wall, which shows iron sulphides on the wall .and line-grained 
 arsenical iron in a number of strrnks. assaying $7.35 to $28 gold and silver 
 Another ledge Is nix or hq\"^a feet between walls and shows eleven similar 
 seams, of arsenical iron and nulpbldes In a small tunnel. A third ledge is 
 similar ih size and character and the two appear to be running tocwther 
 Another ii* !?Ixleen fort wide, Flmilar in all respects, and the remaining «wo' 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 thirty inches and five feet wide, are also lllce them, exoept that thev carry 
 more copper, assays running $13 to $20 silver, $4 to $5 gold and 10 n«T cent 
 copper. 
 
 Three of these ledges show very prominently on the extension up Goat 
 Mountain, on which Messrs. Weise and Smith have the Brown Bear proup of 
 three parallel claims. The widest is sixty feet, cropping in a gully where a 
 waterfall pou.^ over a cliff of ore twenty- five feet high. A ten-foot tunnel 
 shows "alena and sulphides assaying $4 ,.85 gold and silver and h per cent 
 lead, and sixteen feet of ore shows in he cropplngs and assays $63.40 gold 
 and sliver. The two parallel ledges are tiiirty and forty feet wide, and carry 
 more galena, being similar in other respects to the first. On the extension 
 of the same series down the mountain to the river the Jackson brothers 
 located the Cascade in the fall of 1896 and by their tlrst shot took out $65 ore 
 carrying more galena than on the other claims. 
 
 On Goat Mountain a good showing of galena ore has been maJe by Curtis 
 Homer, of Roslyn, and Michael McHugh, of Buckley, on ^s Sli^'er Dump 
 nearly opposite the mouth of Camp Creek. A tunnel ha- ^ e" dnvon forty 
 feet c the river bank, and shows an eighteen-inch pay ittik of solid 
 galena, assaying $63 silver and some gold. Near this claJr. Uavid Tayne 
 Robert Babcock and Charles Roberts, of Roslyn, have a ledgo of grcit width 
 which assays $35 gold, $6 silver and 3 per cent, copper. On the southeast 
 end of Goat Mountain William McKasson has the Hardscrabble on a six-foot 
 ledge carrying Iron pyrites and capped with iron-stained porphyry. On a 
 ten-foot cross ledgo of sirailar ore John H. Corblns has the Mattie. 
 
 A great belt of ledges runs across H.owson Gulch and up the mountain 
 on the left bank opposite Red Mountain, In a northeast and southwest course 
 cutting the granite, wh.'le a number of cross ledges run almost at right 
 angles. The most active work is being carried on by the Morning K<ar 
 Mining Company, which has seven claims on three ledges One >>t these 
 measures sixteen feet and a 100-foot tunnel shows the ledge niatcer mineral- 
 ized the full width. An assay a few feet from the mouth showed $9.60 go'd 
 besides copper and silver. Another ledge crops eight feet wide and shows 
 white iron sulphides carrying $5.70 gold In a flfte.in-foot tunnel, which Is being 
 driven 100 feet. Another ledge eight to ten feet wide is being opened by a 
 tunnel, ore from which assays $7 gold and silver. 
 
 On the same belt John McDonald, of Seattle, and William Campbell of 
 Port Blakeley, have the War Eagle group of twenty-eight \;lalms, whJch they 
 are developing. On the War Eagle ledge, six feet wide, are four claims, and 
 a sixty-foot tunnel shows iron sulphides the full width, assays running about 
 $40 gold and silver, mostly the former. Another seven-foot ledge runs 
 through four claims and a thirty-foot tunnel shows sulphurets and molyb- 
 denite. Another claim is on a twenty-six foot ledgf, on which a fifteen-foot 
 tunnel shows galena and sulphurets its whole width, assaying $8 to $10 gold 
 and silver. An eight-foot ledge running through two claims is opened by a 
 ten-foot tunnel, now being extended, and has been stripped, the surface ore 
 carrying $5 free gold. A forty-foot tunnel shows galena ore carrying $8 or $9 
 gold and silver in a six-foot ledge and a tunnel of the same length shows 
 sulphide ore in a four-foot ledge. 
 
 At the head of Boulder Creek, on the summit of the rldg^ between the 
 Teanaway and the Cle-Elum. Is a gre. porphyry dike running southeast 
 and northwest, which is fully 100 feet \ :de and spreadj at one point to a 
 greater width. It is veined with qu»' ;z ledges four to twenty feet wide, 
 carrying gold, silver and nickel. On t> i Keystone group of ten claims, owned 
 by Adolph Eisner, John Grosso and Joi.n Somers, of Roslyn, is a ledge 
 twenty feet wide, in which a twenty-foot shaft shows a twenty-four Incli 
 pay streak assaying 8 to 18 per cent, quicksilver, $2.40 to $16 gold. On an 
 eight-foot ledge a twonty-eight foot tunnel shows six Inches of talc on each 
 wall, which assays 214 to 8 per cent, quicksilver, $5 to $24 gold, besides nickel. 
 A cross-cut has been driven thirty-two feet. The Chesapeake group of five 
 claims was located In 1896 on the northeast end ot the dike by John Mulligan 
 and others. The surface ore assayed $13 gold. 
 
 One of the famous claims of this district is that located by the late Elvin 
 Thorp ten years ago on Red Mountain and now owned by Edward Pruyn 
 and J. B. Davidson, of Ellensburg. The ledge Is iron pyrites twelve feet 
 wide under a red lion cap, and assays have ranged from $18 to $165 in gold, 
 silver and copper. A tunnel was run 240 feet on the ledge by the ori^nal 
 owners. On the northeast extension J. S. MoConlhe and Jacob Welsh have 
 the John C and on one of the peaks William McKasson ann J ihn H. Corblns 
 have the St. John and St. Liike on a ledge eighteen feet wide. 
 
 The famous Cle-Elum Iron Mines, which may yet turn out to be gold and 
 copper mines, are on a seven-foot ledge showing red hematite and magnetite 
 In the croppings, which assays 56 per cent, metallic iron. It has been traced 
 two miles down the river and boars eastward across the Teanaway to the 
 headwaters of the Peshastln. On this ledge the Pacific Investment Company 
 has twelve patented claims, on which It ran a number of tunnels and surface 
 cuts. 
 
 Placer gold is found throughout the bars of the Cle-elum River and has 
 been mined spasmodically for many years, but the gjld is mostly fine and the 
 best pay would probably be found on the bedrock ot the old channel. Several 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 parties are working to reach bedrock, among them Mcdsrs. Hicks and Jones 
 near the mouth or Fortune Creek, L. F. McConlhe on the Princeton bar, 
 John H. Corblns and William McKasson at the Battle Ax camp. The high 
 barsi on the sldehlUs are evidently old river wash and skill and persistence, 
 backed by money, migrht show good pay on bedrock, but It Is probable that 
 only hydraullcking on a large scale would be profitable. Until the last year 
 work was confined to the low bars, from which Theodore Cooper, James 
 Wxight and John Lind took |400 in 1895 In coarse gold with some pieces of plati- 
 num at the China camp. R. De Witt and William Taylor have wing-dammed 
 the channel at Big Salmon le Sac and taken light gold from bedrock. 
 
 THE ICICLE. 
 
 The mountain walls between which this stream flows from the snows of 
 Mount Stuart Into the Wenatchee offer an inviting field to the prospector, m 
 which he has barely begun to uncover the mineral. If the discoveries already 
 made may be taken as an earnest of what remains to be found, this is as 
 rich a part of the Cascade mineral belt as many already described. It lies In 
 a direct line with districts which make good showings, on the north, south 
 and west, being divided by a single mountain ridge from the headwaters or 
 the Cle-elum. 
 
 The district is reached from either the Northern Pacific or the Great 
 Northern Railroad. The former is left at Cle-elum, 122 miles from Seattle, 
 a branch line follov.ed to Roslyn, four miles, and the wagon road followed 
 up the Cle-elum Valley, twenty-five miles, to the mouth of Scatter Creek. 
 Thence a horse trail leads three miles over the divide to the headwaters of 
 the Icicle. The Great Northern Railroad may be taken to Leavenworth, 
 151 miles from Seattle, and thence a trail leads up the Icicle thirty miles to 
 its head. 
 
 The greatest discovery, and the one having most development, is on the 
 Pickwick group of thirteen claims, from which the Pickwick Mining and 
 Development Company expects to ship ore this season. This is a great deposit 
 of decomposed quartz, carrying copper carbonates, sulphides and bornlte, 
 which covers a great but undefined area in the basin at the head of Phantom 
 Creek, an affluent of the Icicle near its source. It has been traced over a 
 space 6,000 by 145 feet and its boundaries were not found. From an open cut 
 thirty feet long a shaft was sunk forty feet and cross-cuts made from the 
 bottom seventy-five feet one way and forty-five feet the other, and all the 
 rock cut through had the minerals already mentioned disseminated through 
 it. A mill test of this rock showed it to carry 15 per cent, copper, $14 gold, 
 $5.40 silver, a total of $34.40. At another point a tunnel was driven 100 feet 
 and a cross-cut forty-five feet each way, and all this work was in ore carry- 
 ing a smaller percentage of copper but more gold than that taken from the 
 shaft. The company has recently bought two adjoining claims and will make 
 a road to connect with the Cle-elum Valley road, with a view to shipping' 
 ore this season. 
 
 A number of locations— probably fifty— have been made during the past 
 year on the two forks of Jack's Creek, which enters the Icicle about twenty 
 miles from Its mouth, and on some of them work was continued until snow 
 fell last winter. On one of these A. F. and F. D. Estes ran a thirty-foot 
 tunnel on a twelve-foot ledge assaying $28 gold and copper. L. A. Parker 
 and H. C. Castlebury have snown gray copper In a sixtean-foot cross-cut on 
 a ten-foot ledge, where they have the Bald Eagle and Gray Eagle. A five- 
 foot ledge carrying arsenical Iron, on the mountain overlooking the left fork 
 of Jack's Creek, gave a surface assay of $1.3,80 gold, and extends through the 
 Blind Lead group of three claims held by John Bjork, A. Van Epps, H. L. 
 Farle.v and Caraille Massey, and four extensions held by Ed Gonsur, with 
 MesBrs. Massey and Farley. On the left bank of the right fork of Jack's 
 Creek a dike of dolomite and quartz is slightly mil erallzed throughout with 
 white iron and sulphureta, carrying gold, silver and nickel, and is opened 
 by a twenty-alx foot tunnel. On this ledge are the Nevada and Excelsior, 
 held by MeBsrs. Bjork and Van Epps. 
 
 THE SWAUK. 
 
 In other sections of Washilngton placer mining has quickly become 
 dwarfed in importance by quartz mining, hut on the Swauk and its trlbu- 
 tarioB the former system still holds pre-eminence. It is only dbring late 
 yeans that discoveries of mineral-bearing rock have distracted attention from 
 the auriferous gravel which has yielded nuggets large enough to become the 
 tulk of th- state. The district is easily accessible, considering its distance 
 from a riilTttSm: Fi"Olrt' Seattle the route is tty the Northern Parlflc Railroad 
 
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MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 67 
 
 to Cle-elum, 126 miles, and thence by a good wagon road sixteen miles to 
 Liberty, the center of the district; or by the samos railroad to BUeasburg, 
 161 miles, and thence by an equally good road to I^lberty, thirty-six miles. 
 From Liberty roads branch out up the several creeks and buggies can be 
 driven thrrough the open, grassy pine woods in many places where no roai 
 has been made. 
 
 The gold of the Swauk's placers Is believed to have come from Table 
 Mountain on the east and the Teanaway Range on the west, and is found in 
 the bars which cover old creek channels along the banks of Williams, Boulder 
 and Baker Creeks, and of Swauk Creek between Baker and First Creeks, a 
 distance of three miles north and south and about the same east and west. 
 The country rock is sandstone and slate, with dikes of basalt and porphyry, 
 the bedrock of the old channels being slate, with occasional dikes of sand- 
 stone and basalt, carrying 2 to 3 per cent, of iron, which is locally known as 
 iron rock. One theory is that the gold in Williams Creek, and in the Swauk 
 below that creek, came from the summit of Table Mountain, for on this 
 level plateau there is said to be good pay dirt, and all its drainage runs Into 
 the Swauk, and all the valleys and gulches carry more or less placer gold. 
 However, the fact that little gold has been found in the Swauk above Baker 
 Creek, and that all the coarse gold is found on the bedrock of old channels 
 between this stream and First Creek, leads to the conclusion that the gold 
 deposits in the Swauk Itself were not washed down by that stream, but by 
 its tributaries, Baker, Williams and Boulder Creeks. The upper dirt carries 
 only fine gold in most instances, and the miners do not take the trouble to 
 attempt to save it, but in the old channel big nuggets are found. The char- 
 acter of the ground above Baker Creek is also different, for it is all hill wash, 
 while below that stream it is evidently channel wash, with boulders of a 
 different character. The nuggetd range in size from a pinhead up, the larger 
 ones being generally rough, flat pieces about three-quarters of an inch thick, 
 or in the shape of a network of wires, mashed together by the action of the 
 water. They are found in the three or four feet of dirt next to the bedrock. 
 The product of Williams Creek is worth $1.50 to $2 an ounce more than that 
 of Swauk and Baker Creeks, as the latter carries considerable silver. The 
 Swauk gold Is worth $13.50 an ounce, and that of Williams Creek $14.50 to $15. 
 The good pay in coarse gold has led the miners to despise fine gold as not 
 worth the trouble of saving, yet It has been proved by panning the dumps 
 that they will pay well for working ove--, and that more careful and sys- 
 tematic work would bring good results. Experience has shown that the gold 
 is finer towards the mouth of a stream and thus it is that the nugget hunters 
 have only worked the bars for two miles below Liberty. That there Is good 
 pay in the gravel bevond that point Is proved by the fact that Chinamen who 
 worked there many" years ago earned $2 or $3 a day to the man, and that 
 shafts sunk deeper than their workings showed dirt carrying twenty colors 
 to the pan. 
 
 The Fraser River miners passed through this district on their return 
 southward without discovering Its wealth. Bent Goodwin, a deaf-mute, made 
 the discoverv by accident in 1868, while hunting. Going to the creek for a 
 drink at a point a little below John Black's present mine, he fished up a piece 
 of gold worth $10 or $12, which he found lying on the bedrock. He and his 
 companions went to work and their success soon caused a rush of miners, 
 who located the flats all along the creek. Among them were M. Cooper, 
 Frank Gibbs and John A. Shoudy. The oldest pioneer now working is John 
 Black, who came about twenty years ago and finally went to work on the 
 high bars, half a mile above Liberty. In 1893 he replaced his primitive outfit 
 with a hydraulic plant and has since worked on a large scale on a bar 
 twenty-five feet high. He uses six Hungarian rlflles in thirty feet of sluice 
 box, with no quicksilver, and saves nearly all the gold in the first two riffles, 
 making no effort to catch the fine gold. His biggest nugget was worth $586, 
 while others have weighed 23 and 20 ounces respectively. 
 
 The placer claim furthest up the valley now being work«jd Is on the hjgb 
 
 bar north of the mouth of Baker Creek, which has the honor of having 
 
 : produced the champiop nugget, v.-eighing $1,004. This claim is now owned 
 
 [by Gus NUson, who has been drifting on bedrock. On the other side of 
 
 Baker Creek is a range of six 200-foot claims, from which the late J. C. Pike 
 
 itook out a $745 nugget. These claims, which aggregate thirty-seven acres, 
 
 lall high bar, with ten to eighteen feet of dirt above bedrock, are now owned 
 
 Iby W^ A Ford. A tunnel has been run 136 feet due west from the rim of 
 
 bedrock until it reached a point where it dropped off nine feet at an art^e 
 
 at 45 degrees and the water drove tMe miners out. This is suPPOsed to be ttie 
 
 Bid channel, from which the gold has been washed up *« th« high rim Mr. 
 
 "i^ord is usine a hydraulic and has found nuggets of $5 up to $300 on bedrock. 
 
 He foiind snots of blue eravel which seemed to run back under the mountain 
 
 to the welt a?idth 3 fact, together with the discovery In the tunnel, leads 
 
 b thi billed that the old channel ran from northwest to southeast obliquely 
 
 Icross the present one This theory will e^rj«;*" the„f allure to figf P^V «»" 
 
 In the Swauk above Baker Creek, although the prbspectlng in that part or 
 
 '%'he'trex^t^foufclk?ms*S?'t"f east belo% Black's at^ owned by the Orften 
 IrelMlXg Spany of TVoma -»»«ch hft* at times leased them on shttWo. 
 
68 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 but is now tunneling on bedrock. At tlie forks of Swauk and WilUama 
 Creeks Gus Nilson has tunneled 600 feet on bedrock and drifted 900 feet, 
 taking out about $30,000. L. H. Jansen, of Tacoma, is drifting on bedrock on 
 the two next claims. H. C. Jones and H. C. Dennett, on the two next 
 adjoining claims, are drifting on bedrock under a bar seventy teet high and 
 ftnd the pay cHrt closer to bedrock as they go down stream. Beyond them, 
 David, Thomas and George Livingstone have run a tunnel 170 feet to bedrock 
 on three claims and have started another, taking out nuggets as large as 
 11 ounces and averaging about 60 cents. From one of their claims three 
 nuggets were taken ten years ago, the m/gest of which weighed $400 and the 
 smallest $200. Next below them John Mayer has sunk twenty feet to bedrock, 
 which is here below the present channel, has erected a pump and raises dirt 
 by a whim from three tunnels, one of which Is 300 feet long. On the two next 
 claims Dexter Shoudy has a tunnel 400 feet, and the furthest work down the 
 creek Is being done by two gangs of Chinamen, who strip off the surface 
 dirt and wheel the pay dirt to sluice boxes. 
 
 The placer mines of the Swauk were extended up Williams creek in 1868 
 by H. M. Cooper, who found gold about a mile above the mouth of the creek, 
 on ground now Included In Thomas V. Meagher's claim, and the workings 
 now extend two miles above the mouth. The first prospecting was done in 
 Che creek bottom, but this was found to give poor pay, and not until the 
 bedrock of the old channel was struck were good results obtained. It runs 
 a little south of west and north of east and is cut diagonally by the present 
 channel about a mile from the mouth. The gold is all coarse, in pieces from 
 10 <;ents to 17^ ounces, and is in flat, smooth nuggets. It Is nearly all found 
 in the six or eight Inches of dirt next to bedrock; and the miners rarely 
 work the upper dirt. 
 
 The first claim above the mouth is owned by Andrew Flodin, who has run 
 about 400 feet of tunnel on bedrock. Thaddeus Neubaur Is drifting on bed- 
 rock. H. C. Jones' claim, next above, is being worked on shares by John 
 Doyle, each taking half. He has run a drain race 484 feet across the bedrock 
 and struck the pay streak, on which he has since been tunneling. He finds 
 that the bar pays only on bedrock, but thinks it would pay all the way 
 through If worked in conjunction with the claims below. It now pays S3 a 
 day to the man after deducting the owner's half, the nuggets weighing 828 
 and less. Thomas F. Meagher has three claims next above, at ^he mouth 
 of Lyons' Gul< , taking in all the old channel, from which he took out over 
 $15,000 in 1895 wiih a hydraulic. He has about 3,000 feet of tunnel and is now 
 drifting on bedrock from an open drain. His gold is generally coarse his 
 largest nugget being $222, but there is fine gold all through the bar. ' 
 
 G. E. H. Bigney has some extensive workings on the eighteen acres next 
 above Mr. Meagher's on the high bars on the left bank. He has aunte 
 an Inclined shaft to bedrock 136 feet on the upper Mge of the claim and nut 
 down an air shaft ninety-three feet. He has done 2,805 feet of tuniielliiW on 
 bedrock, and struck the old channel 160 feet from the face of the bar at « 
 depth of twelve feet belov/ the present channel, so that he has to Dufnn to 
 keep clear of water. The dirt is raised by a water-power hoist f?om the 
 Incline and by a whim from the other shaft. He got the mine in shan« t« 
 produce in 1892, and In 189.1 took out about $16,000. William H Elliott oSthS 
 next claim, has drifted BOO feet on bedrock from one side of the creek to tht 
 other, but has not yet reached the old channel, and, although he has struck 
 some gold, he does not expect pay dirt till he does so. Nls Jensen whn«« 
 claims adjoins Mr. Elliott's^ has driven a tunnel on bedrock 250 feet from thi 
 old channel and another 107 feet, which proved to be twenty feet abovphoS 
 rock but has not yet reached the pay streak. He finds "hit the whole b« 
 carries gold, as large as plnheads near the surface, and in nugget! runnhS 
 up to $7:25 near bedrock. Louis Quletsch, next abbve Mr Jensen hn« i»f 
 a tunnel 125 feet and drifted either way on bedrock, but, while he found fln2 
 gold, thrre was not enough to pay. and he has lately turned h?a at?Anti«« 
 to quartz mining. George D. Verdln, who owns the last ninni^ fi i~ °" 
 Williams Cre.k.%as driven a bedrock" tS^inelTnd sunkXote^sbifh^ 
 transferred his energies to quartz claims. snaris, but has 
 
 Placer gold was first struck on Boulder Creek bv W R Ha..* <». tom 
 shaft was sunk for bedrock and struck the rim. from whl^h a cross-c^t ' 
 started, but water forced a stoppage of work. The gold was in smalf nulx 
 the largest weighing one-half pennyweight. The LlvlneBtnnPH r>r^^l>^"i'^°i 
 these claims eight years ago aAd found mdderatllyL„"5„-.*''"o,d ^fr^^^''^^ 
 feet below the surface downward. This claim with anothpPn^iJ^?'" ^^'i 
 two on a gulch leading down to them froni the right blnkisnn^°'^"*^*i!^'* 
 Thoma.M p! Meagher. C. C. Whitaker and A F ?ork n.'.H.,!?*?' "Wned by 
 hydraullcking on the gulch claims they took out n?a?lv $?oa) fhl'^H*).?'""**"' 
 Ing gold from the grass roots down. It Is in the form of haV^'Jr^L^u^ *'"!!■ 
 and wire gold. anJ ranges down to flour gold ThTlarirPHtnw2°3?„""^*^^ 
 lieC; others weighed $98. $95 and $45. and there was oSfte a nnn,T«2 ^i'"^ 
 mosgets. The product brings about $15 an ounce It the nfm^T^nl..®^ *? 
 silver bringing down the value. AdJolnlnK the V^oiiiripr ??^S ^'. . P®"^ c®"^*' 
 firm Mr. Hart has two others one on whVh he has fhrprm „°'**'"", <>' I^»■ 
 sinking a shaft to bedrock, wh he on the^ther two men arl r^nn«n1,™i''i?''i^ *? 
 dram. On the claims next below thf g"ulch jImeTLTherCd"fnd aS^^^^^ 
 
 891. A 
 was 
 
 nuggets, 
 
MINING IN THK PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 Zlegel have sunk a shaft sixty feet to bedrock and are tunneling from It. 
 They found one nugget of $24 and got $10 or $12 In the bottom of the shaft, 
 but have not so far found enough to pay. Their work Is hampered 1/ wa^er, 
 as bedrock Is sixty feet below the level of the present creek, whlCii t>ie old 
 channel seems to parallel. Prospecting \r also going on above Mr, Hart's 
 claim and in the adjoining gulchta, but nowlurc lias the old channel been 
 reached or pay dirt been struck. 
 
 The miners of the Swauk have hitherto shown a decided repugnance to 
 the invasion of outside capital, which would work the placers ou a largo scale 
 by modern methods and therefore more economically, but efforts are being 
 made in this direction. Although hundreds of thousands of dollars have 
 been taken out, t ie ground has only bet n worked enough lo prove its value, 
 only about one-ti ith of the gravel having been worked. In fact, It may 
 fairly be said that .he work so far done Is practically equivalent only to 
 thorough prospecting. The consolidation of the placers and tiieir operation 
 as a whole, with proper water pressure, would make good paying pioijcrty 
 of all the placer ground, while now the co.st of handling the dirt is so high 
 in many places that it only pays ordinary wages. 
 
 Discoveries of free milling quartz, which is now diverting attention from 
 the placers, date back to 1887. when Thomas Tweed and William Johnson 
 found a pocket on the east bank of Swauk Creek, opposite the mouih of 
 Baker Creek, which carries wlTe gold in nuggets ranging as high as $6, and 
 was apparently a broken quartz iedge. A sixty-foot tunnel showed a number 
 of stringers running Into one, but no main ledge in place. They built an 
 arraatre and ground between $10,000 and $11,000 worth of rock In It, twelve 
 tons yielding $2,200. 
 
 Later discoveries show the quartz ledges to extend from some distance 
 up Baker Creek across the Swauk and through the hllla cut by Williams and 
 Boulder Creeks and Kruger Gulch. The general course of the ledges is 
 w-orthwest and southeast, the walls being slate and the ledge matter blue 
 and bird's-eye quartz. The ore carries enough free gold to make It pay well, 
 and the miners grind It in arrastres, being content to let the sulphurets 
 escape In the tailings, but as the ore grows baser at depth this crude lirocess 
 will have to J&e abandoned. 
 
 George Hampton located the first claim, the Red, on the hill between 
 Kruger and Lyons Gulches In 1889. It is n three-foot ledge carrying about 
 $16 gold, mostly in sulphurets. He sank shafts seventy-nve and fifty feet 
 and cross-cut 200 feet, taking out about fifty tons of ore. 
 
 Two years later Andrew Plodln located the First of August on a four-foot 
 ledge of bird's-eye quartz between solid slate walls. He has sunk a shaft 
 ninety-six feet, showing a pay streak twelve or thirteen Inches wide, with 
 well-defined walls. He has also run a cross-cut 170 feet, which will strike 
 the ledge at a depth of 140 feet in seventy feet more. In 1894 he built a water- 
 power arrastre on Williams Creek, with a capacity of 3,200 pounds a day, 
 and averaged $21.23 a ton tn a year's run. On the southwest extension of 
 this ledge he has run three cross-cuts, r f which the longest struck the ledge 
 in eighty-five feet. He is sinking a shaft on another ledge on the same claim, 
 of which he has not defined the width, the ore being black slate veined with 
 quartz. 
 
 The Brown Bear group of two claims at the head of Kruger Gulch, owned 
 by Keith W. Dunlap, Mrs. M. A. Chapman, Whitson & Parker, Vestal Snyder 
 and Matt Bartholet. all of North Yakima, has a ledge about three feet wide 
 which has assayed from $100 to $140. A shaft is down forty-five feet and will 
 be extended before drifting begins. Below. the Flodln claims on Kruger Gulch 
 William Queltsch has the Dandy on a six-foot ledge and has run a tunnel 
 twenty-five feet on a stringer, which returned from $20 to $2B at his arrastre. 
 
 On the Morning Dr. O. M. Graves has two ledges of bird's-eye quartz, one 
 sixteen to twenty-four Inches and the other three to four feet, the smaller one 
 assaying $12.50 free gold. A tunnel has been driven fifty-five feet toward the 
 face of the ledge and will strike It In fifty feet more, having cut two small 
 feeders already. 0». Graves has put In a steam stamp mill, with one 750- 
 pound stamp for prospecting purposes. . , „ , 
 
 On the extension of the Morning ledge Louis Queltsch has the Bunker 
 Hill on which he has five veins ranging from seven feet down. » A thirty-foot 
 tunnel on the widest shows good fni^ milling ore. ^ , ,. 
 
 The ledges have been traced over the hlus on both sides of Kruger Gulch 
 and development Is proceeding there also. A. B. Morrison and Daniel Morri- 
 son have started a tunnel on the Livingstone ledge adjoining the First of 
 August on the northeast. On the south side ol Williams Creek they have 
 sunk a shaft seventy-five feet on a four-foot ledge on the Bullion, run a cross- 
 cut tunnel over 100 feet and another sixty feet at a point fifty feet further 
 dotvn, yielding $8 a ton. Gus Nllson and H. C. Condon, of Yakima, have two 
 feet of ore on the Great Wonder. A shaft Is down twenty feet on the ledge 
 and a forty-foot tunnel has cross-cut it. A few tons milled gave $35 a ton 
 and they nave built a one-ton arrastre. On another claim an eijrhteen-lnch 
 cross ledge of $32 ore. on which a shaft Is down eighteen feet, with a tunnel 
 
 The Great Western group of two claims, owned by Gus Nilson. Evan 
 St ander and Charles Klneth, has a fourteen-foot ledge, from which the 
 
70 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWICST. 
 
 four feet next the footwall carries $6 freo gold and a higher value in sulphur- 
 ets, which tiiey have tapped with a flfty-foot cross-cut. Another ledge four 
 feet wide has a twelve-inch pay streak carrying |18 free gold, shown In a 
 sixteen-foo.. shaft. 
 
 On the mountain south of the south forlc John H. Price has the Wall 
 Street group of six claims on a series of parallel ledges, two of which are 
 cut by the creolt. One of these shows up seven feet wide in a forty-foot shn,ft 
 and sixty-foot drift and carries $8 free gold, besides aulpliurets. Anothor Is 
 thirty Inches wide in an eighteen-foot shaft and carries $4 to $5 free gold. 
 Another, five feet wide, is cross-cut by a ]4.'">-foot tunnel, which also cut a 
 series of stringers two to twenty-four inches wide, the main ledge assaying 
 $4 free gold and the smallest stringer $10. 
 
 George W. Verdln has taken some of the richest ore in the camp from the 
 two forks of the widest ledge of the Wall Street series, on which he has the 
 Gold Vein and Badger. One of these shows a foot of ore in tunnels eighty and 
 100 feet and a small shaft, the average value being $;!0, though pockets have 
 run as high as $1 a pound and several thousand dol'ars were cleaned up from 
 one run of an arrastre. 
 
 A little to the left of the forks of Williams Creek G. W. Seaton has the 
 two Gold Leaf claims on a ledge of free milling ore. A shaft is down sixty 
 feet and Is Intersected by a tunnel of the same length. Another tunnel forty 
 feet long taps the ledge at a depth of fifty feet and a third tunnel has been 
 run 100 feet on the ledge. This work shows it to widen to three or four feet 
 and fifty tons milled in a one-ton arrastre averaged over $30. 
 
 On the gulch running into Boulder Creek, from which they made their rich 
 strike of placer gold, Messrs. Whitaker, Meagher and York have the two 
 Bertha claims on a ledge of porphyritic quartz, similar to the rock found in 
 the placers and carrying free gold of the same character. It crops out Ave to 
 Blx feet wide, between walls of basalt and iron rock. They have stripped a 
 stringer from four to eight inches wide running into the ledge, which is richly 
 studded with small nuggets. They also have the North Star on a three-foot 
 tedge across the gulch. 
 
 Irt me next gulch above the Bertha, Albert Tallicut has the Josle on two 
 small seams of ore which he is milling in an arrastre, one pocket containing 
 25-cent nuggets. South of Boulder Creek Mr. York has the Uncle Sam on a 
 three-foot ledge, carrying $8 free gold. 
 
 Free milling ore was discovered in the spring of 1896 a mile above the 
 mouth of Baker Creek by George F. Nv Watson. He has the Green horn on a 
 three-foot ledge between walls of porphyry and iron rock, which gives 1,000 
 colors to the pan In fine round shot gold. The Bobtail, on the norlh extension, 
 owned by Irvine Liggett, Isaac Zeran and Dr. H. B. Runnels, shows twenty 
 inches of similar ore in a twenty-foot shaft. The Mary Ellen, owned by the 
 same parties, Is on a parallel ledge fourteen to twenty-four inches, showing 
 well in a twenty-eight foot shaft. The Big Bear and Little Bear, on a four- 
 foot ledge traced f jr .'?,000 feet, are owned by F. D. Wilson and B. J. foung, 
 and show ore rich In coarse and flake gold. 
 
 E. J. GafCney and F. W. Clayton in 1896 discovered a ledge four to sixteen 
 inches wide on the west bank of the Swauk below Liberty, assays from which* 
 range from $26 upward. 
 
 Some of the more progressive miners in the Swauk district are already 
 preparing to erect stamp mills and concentrators and another year is likely 
 to see quite an increase in production following upon such Improvement in- 
 methods. 
 
 WENATCHEE. 
 
 This city is known chiefly as the outfitting point fon the districts in Okan- 
 ogan county north of it, being the connecting point Of the Great Northern 
 Railroad and the Columbia River steamer line, but it also has the making of 
 a mining caitip at Its back door, within throe miles of it by wagon road The 
 ore is low grade, bearing gold and a small proportion of silver but Is in such 
 large deposits that, if worked on a considerable scale with modern methods 
 and skillful management, it would pay handsome dividends. The deposit la a 
 great dike of porphyry in which are numerous veins of quartz, and extends 
 over three miles in an almost due north and south course from Squilchuck 
 Creek to Canyon No. 2, directly back of the town, among the foothills An- 
 other parallel dike of almost equal size has been located for a distance 'of five 
 miles. The principal work in this district has been done on the Golden Kina 
 group of three claims located by M. .1. Carkeek, of Seattle, t.nd owned by thfr 
 Golden King Mining Company, of Seattle. ' 
 
 The dike is a veritable landmark In the Squilchuck Canyon, standing out 
 on the north side, one mile from tne Columbia, from 100 to 150 feet wide be- 
 tween walls of bastard granite rising In a great cluster of plnnaoles and soiro* 
 of bright red, yellow and brown to a height of 150 feet above the road and 
 growing taller toward the crest of the hill until It reaches an elevation of 50» 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 71 
 
 feet. The whole dike Is more or less mineralized, the DorDhvrv oarrvino- nhnm- 
 12 gold besides sUv.ir, but the best value Is in the QurrtzstrlnKers which mn™ 
 m width from six Inches to seven feet, and have given assaylmnelnefro^w 
 to lie The dike is so thoroughly mineralized from th? very s^u?face S.a'^ 
 it could be mined very cheaply, in fact it could be quarried out and with « 
 large stamp mill could be reduced profitably. qu'^riiea oui, and with a 
 
 The Golden King Mining Company has a mill with Ave 500-pouiid stamns 
 operated by steam power, and In 1894 began to mill the surface ore which wrh 
 quarried. The intention was to mill only the quartz, but It was norcarefuUv 
 sorted, so that a large proportion of the less valuable porphyry went throii^h 
 the battery and the milling at times was not over-sklllfUl Durinl a Z?v 
 days' run of four tons every twenty-four hours 11,600 in bullion was taken ont 
 The mill was then shut down in October, 1894. and a tunne was started at fh« 
 foot of the hill on the roadside to develop the deposit at depth It rX for th« 
 first 100 feet through surface wash and slide rock, which requires heavy tim- 
 bering to prevent caves, and th«n runs for eighty-six feet through the dike at 
 an acute angle, cutting thirty feet across at right angles to the course of th« 
 deposit. In this eighty-six feet about forty seams of quartz from six to thlrtv 
 Inches wide were cut. their width on the surface running as high as seven feet 
 This quartz Is the pay ore and there is plenty of it to keep a mill busy without 
 the lower grade porphyry. Since the mill shut down only assessment work 
 has been done on the tunnel and several offers to lease the property have been 
 declined. ' 
 
 Adjoining the Golden King on the south is the Charlotte, owned bv D P 
 Blgelow. of Seattle; Thomas Groves and P. M. Scheble, of Wenatchee ' oii 
 which prospecting shows seventeen feet of porphyry veined with quartz 
 assaying $6 to $8 gold and silver on the surface. Parallel with the Golden Klni 
 on the west is the Last Chance, owned by J. M. Rae, on which a tunnel has 
 been run a short distance. On the main dike, extending northward are the 
 Gllman, owned by D. H. Gllman, of Seattle; the Eureka, running down to Dry 
 Gulch, owned by Angus Mackintosh; the Sunrise, on ths opposite side of Dry 
 Gulch, owned by M. J. Carkeek; the Tibbie, owned by P. P. Shelby the Bagley 
 owned by C. P. Converse, of Seattle. The only work worth mentioning on 
 these claims is a surface cut forty feet across the dike on the Tibbie. On a 
 parallel dike of the same character and carrying ore of the same value 200 feet 
 In width, extending from Squllchuck Creek, across Dry Gulch and Canyon No 
 2 to the Wenatchee River, a distance of five miles, claims have been located by 
 
 William Parry, D. A. Curry, W. B. Reddy, Lunn. W. H. Merrlam. Arthur 
 
 Qunn, George Evans and B. Ross, but the only work has been done by Mr 
 Lunn, who holds two claims and has sunk a shaft forty to forty-flve feet from 
 the highest outcrop. 
 
 PESHASTIN AND NEOBO CREEKS. 
 
 Almost midway between the two transcontinental railroads which traverse 
 the state from east to west lies the district where the first stamp mill in 
 Washington was erected. Taking the Northern Pacific train from Seattle to 
 Cle-elum, 122 miles, one can ride or drive to Blewett, the center of the district 
 a distance of thirty-two miles over a good road ; or taking the Great Northern 
 train to Leavenworth, 160 miles, one can go over a good road fourteen miles 
 to the mouth of Ingalls Creek and thence by trail five miles to the camp 
 furthest up Negro Creek or four miles to Blewett, A road four miles long 
 would close the only gap in the road between the two railroads. 
 
 The mineral belt through which Peshastin Creek flows northward Into the 
 Wenatchee River, receiving Ingalls and Negro Creeks as tributaries from the 
 west and Ruby Creek from the east, has a totally different geological forma- 
 tion from the country north and south of it. To the north, from a line cutting 
 across the Chlwah River some distance above Its mouth, is a sandstone 
 formation which terminates on the northwest about the mouth of Icicle Creeks 
 a granite formation lying north of It up thei Chlwah River to Red Hill, About 
 seven miles up the Peshastin this sandstone gives way to a series of strata of 
 metamorphlc rocks, Including serpentine, syenite, dtorite, magneslan lime- 
 stone, talc, porphyry, porphyrltlc quartzlte and granite. In the dikes of 
 porphyritlc quartzlte occur ledges of nickel. Silver and copper ore and some 
 gold with gouges of talc, the dikes having a general trend from northwest to 
 southeast, but bending generally more to an east and west line. On the one 
 Bide this belt terminates two miles southeast of Blewett &nd to the west it 
 
 fradually widens toward the base of Mount Stuart, which peak It Includes; 
 t extends into the Swauk district, where It forms a badln and swings to the 
 northwest. 
 
 Mineral was first discovered in this district abbut 1860 by a party of miners 
 returning from Fraaer River, but they only worked the placers and gradually 
 drifted away, one of them, a negro, who foolc oUt $1,100 in a season ff-om the 
 bars at the hiouth of Nesro Creek, giving that stream its name. It was rot 
 till 1871 that the first quartz legge was discovered. In that ycr.r John Shafer 
 
if-wpppip'^plllii 
 
 79 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 located the Culver on a ledge of free milling ore near the summit of the moun- 
 tain dividing the Negro Creek canyon on one side from the Culver draw on the 
 other, but was a short time behind Samuel Culver, who located the Poleplck 
 on a parallel ledge. Culver then took the Humming Bird on another leave. 
 James Lockwood staked out the l^obtall adjoining It, and John Olden and 
 Peter Wider took the Fraction; John Olden and Samuel Culver the Little 
 Culver. All these claims, except the Poleplck and Little Culver, were shortly 
 afterward bought by James Lockwood and his son, E. W. Lockwood. and 
 H. M. Cooper, who erected a slx-stan-ip mill with one Frue vanner, which they 
 operated by water power. The mill reduced eight tons of ore in twenty-four 
 hours and the clean-up from the first nine days' run was |2,10O. The company 
 also had an arrastre with a capacity of 1,000 pounds a day, of which the pro- 
 duct aveEaged $70 a day. After running the mine and mill for eight years this 
 company^old H to Thomas Johnson, who shut down after a short run. Then 
 arose the dl.spuio as to the ownership of the property, which culminated in the 
 killing of William Donahue by Thomas Johnson In 1896, but this did not pre- 
 vent the sale in 1891 to the Culver Gold Mining Company. This company 
 erected a ten-stamp mill with four Woodbury concentrators and stretched a 
 bucket cable tramway from the mill to the Culver mine, one-flfth mile. 
 Some ore was shipped before the completion of the mill, one lot returning $800 
 a ton. 
 
 In 1892 the Culver Company sold out to the Blewett Gold Mining Company, 
 composed of Seattle capitalists, and this company set to work to thoroughly 
 develop the mine and mill its ores. 
 
 On the Culver group are three parallel ledges between walls of serpentine 
 and porphyry, that of the Culver Itself being from two to ten feet wide, with 
 occasional bunches of ore sixteen feet wide. The body of the ore Is a reddish 
 gray quartz and there occasionally occurs on the walls a transparent green 
 talc with white crystals, through which, as In a magnifying glass, the flakes 
 of free gold can be plainly seen. The Humming Bird and Bobtail ledge is two 
 to four feet wide, and contains a blue quartz carrying a larger percentage of 
 sulphurets than the Culver. The Fraction ledge is of about the same size and 
 character and runs higher in Iron sulphurets. As depth Is attained the free 
 gold runs out and the ore becomes base. The value runs all the way from $8 
 to $20 in free gold with occasional pockets as high as $700, and It carries a trace 
 of silver. The group has been developed by a number of tunnels aggregating 
 several thousand feet, the longest of which Is 600 feet, attaining a depth of 350 
 feet on the Humming Bird. 
 
 The company has erected a twenty- stamp mill at the mouth of the Culver 
 draw, near the old Lockwood mill, allowing space for twenty more stamp»> 
 and has four Woodbury concentrators, the whole plant having boiler capacity 
 for forty stamps. The bucket tramway was moved to the new siii and the 
 mill equipped with every labor-saving appliance, such as self-feedeis to the 
 stamps. A steam sawmill was erected three miles up the creek with a capacity 
 of 10,000 feet a day and sawed lumber for the mill buildings, the mine and 
 repairs to the road and bridges over which the machinery was hauled from 
 Cle-elum. The development of the mine and operation of the mill were con- 
 tinued together by the company until 1894, when the system of leasing sections 
 of the mines to small associations of mlnerH was inaugurated, and has been 
 continued with good results ever since, it being found that when miners have 
 a direct Interest In the product they sort the ore more carefully than when 
 working for wages. The company still runs the mill and charges a royalty on 
 the product and a milling charge, graduated up to a certain value. Above 
 that figure the company ivnd the lessees simply share the product on a 
 graduated scale, the company's share increasing the higher the value of the 
 ore. Under this system about sixty men are employed In mine and mill When 
 both are in full operation. During the year 1896 the mill reduced 2,469 tons of 
 Culver ore, from which the extraction averaged $12.62 a ton, and 473 tons of 
 customs ore, from which returns are not obtainable. The product of the 
 Blewett Company in bullion was about $60,000 for the year 1896. 
 
 It having been found that with the most careful milimg the arsenic in the 
 ore floured the quicksilver on the plates and thus prevented It from catching 
 the gold; also that much of the fine copper sulphides escaped in the slime in 
 the shape of foam, the tailings have been reserved In dams, with a view to 
 further treatment by some improved process. This was established in th« 
 summer of 1896 and is a small cyanide plant erected under the direction of A. 
 J. Morse for Rosenberg & Co., one of the partie-- of lessees. It has a capacity 
 of ten tons a day and throughout the winter has been treating the tailings, of 
 which 600 tons, containing from $3 to $30 a ton In gold had accumulated, and 
 has extracted from 70 to 75 per cent, of the value. This plant has demon- 
 strated the presence in the ores of substances which prevent close saving of 
 their values and some modern process such as the cyanide will be finally 
 adopted by the Blewett company. 
 
 In 1878 the Culver ledge was traced over the ridge to Negro Creek and the 
 Olympia group of five claims was located on it, its width averaging about four 
 feet. These claims were sold to the Cascade Mining Company, which ran a 
 tunnel southward on a stringer to the right of the ledge on one claim and 
 sfruck two bodies of ore, of which It followed the wall. On another claim it 
 
 ••*"» IN TMt MCWto Mtm 
 
••'""» IN TM MOWIO NomHWWT. 
 
Tan ft sixty 
 It, ar.d ran 
 since raved 
 the Columl 
 erected wit 
 of snvInK tl 
 about fifty 
 sulphides a 
 stnali perof 
 death of M 
 has never 
 Blewett, wl 
 Culver, of \ 
 several opt> 
 Culver ledj 
 syenite, wh 
 
 Much ol 
 three of wJ 
 Is rememhf 
 saved even 
 one can imi 
 
 In the 
 Thomas Jol 
 of canvas 
 thirty-six i 
 no to $132 
 cross-cut tl 
 the way. 
 level, on w 
 
 Adjolnii 
 owned by ] 
 showing or 
 
 On the ( 
 of Seattle, 
 quartz at ( 
 levels 100 fe 
 highest leA 
 milled at tl 
 of this ore 
 a side-Jlgg 
 Mining Cu 
 possible pr 
 
 The Pes 
 William D 
 years ago. 
 who also le 
 through al 
 milling an< 
 Shoudy & 
 tunnel into 
 which yielt 
 $100 a ton. 
 
 On wha 
 have the L 
 They have 
 Pine Tree. 
 
 A short 
 Dexter Sh( 
 two to five 
 which the J 
 porphyry c 
 yielding ns 
 though not 
 on the oth( 
 and on wh 
 arrastre bi 
 
 The Po 
 been bonde 
 
 On the 
 wide and c 
 160 feet on 
 the other 1 
 he has drll 
 foot ledge 
 ounces of : 
 the ledge, 
 
 Betwee 
 Donahae'B 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHW^CST. 
 
 71 
 
 Tan » »lxty-foot cross-cut tunnel In l:.> direction of the ledge, but did not tap 
 U, arsd ran a tunnel about llfty feet on the ledge near the summit, but It has 
 since caved In. A two-stamp lIuntlnKton mJll was hauled from The Dalles on 
 the Columbia by team and over the mountain by block and tackle. It was 
 erected without concj^ntrators and was run by water power <n the expectation 
 of saving the free gold. It was run for a couple of months iv 1880 and reduced 
 about ttfty tons of ore, but the assay value of $10 to $70 a toa was chiefly In 
 sulphides and very tine gold, so that only about $4.50 a ton was saved and the 
 small percentage of copper was also lost. A year or two later, owing to the 
 death of Marshall Hllnn, the organizer of the company, the mill stopped and 
 has never rr sumed. For a time the property was under bona to Edward 
 Blewett, who ran a tunnel 200 feet In an endeavor to trace the ledge Into the 
 Culver, of which It has the characteristics and the same value In free gold, and 
 several open cuts have been made, showing ore In a number of places. The 
 Culver ledge spreads out towards the summit, and Is divided by horses of 
 syenite, which rock forms the hanging wall, and then disappears. 
 
 Much of the gold In early days was lost by the milling of ore In arrastrefl, 
 three of which w'ere built and one Is now In operation at Intervals. When It 
 Is remembered that the fine copper sulphides which go oft In foam cannot b« 
 saved even by cyanide and that only pan amalgamation la effective with them, 
 one can Imagine how much value Is lost by such a rude mill as an arrastre. 
 
 In the spring of 1896 the Blewett Company sold the ten-stam?) mill to 
 Thomas Johnson, who has been milling tho Poleplck ore In It, with the addition 
 of canvas tables. This mine has a quartz ledge varying from eighteen to 
 thlrty-slx Incher and occasionally widening to five feet. Assays range from 
 JIO to $132 In free gold, and average about $27. Development began with a 
 cross-cut tunnel 237 feet, from which an upraise was made 147 feet. In ore all 
 the way. A drift has been run 100 feet west from the upraise at the 100-foot 
 level, on which stoplng Is being done, and another upraise h&a been started. 
 
 Adjoining this claim on another ledge three feet wide Is Poleplck No. 1, 
 owned by Dexter Shoudy & Co., on which a tunnel has been run eighty feet, 
 showing ore which assays $28. 
 
 On the Culver draw Is the Phoenix, on which D. T, Cross and John F. Dore, 
 of Seattle, and the late Wdllam Donahue tapped a flve-foot ledge of brown 
 quartz at a depth of 100 feet by cross-cutting 125 feet. They have run threo 
 levels 100 feet long at Intervals of twenty feet and have stoped the ore from tl^e 
 highest level to the surface, having taken out In all 1,000 tons, which was 
 milled at the Blewett mill and returned about $20 gold on the average. Some 
 of this ore was reduced In 1895 In a small mill with four 250-pound stamps and 
 a Blde-jlgger concentrator, which was erected by the California Milling and 
 Mining Company, but the cost of operation was out of proportion to the 
 possible product and it has been shut down for nearly two years. 
 
 The Peshastln Is on a three-foot ledge, also on the Culver draw, on which 
 William Donahue, Dore and Cross ran a tunnel and stoped some ore some 
 years ago. In 1894 they bonded the claim to George W. Martin, of Minneapolis, 
 who also leased the Blewett mill and built a chute down the hill to It. He ran 
 through about 100 tons, but It was so poorly sorted that It did not pay for 
 milling and the company canceled the lease. He then gave up, and Dexter 
 Shoudy & Co. bought the mine. They ran a tunnel through the Fraction 
 tunnel Into the west end of the claim and took out about eighty tons of ore, 
 wWch yielded about $21 a ton In free gold and eight tons of concentrates worth 
 $100 a ton. 
 
 On what Is supposed to be the Culver ledge J. L. Warner and his associates 
 have the Lightning, with the White Elephant and Plnfe Tree on parallel ledges. 
 They have simply kept up assessment work, driving a thirty-foot tunnel on the 
 Pine Tree. 
 
 A short distance above the Culver draw, on the west side of the canyon. 
 Dexter Shoudy & Co. are working the Black Jack on a ledge of blue quarts 
 two to five feet wide. They have run a tunnel over 200 feet on the ledge, from 
 which they have done some stoplng, and are now cross-cutting toward a red 
 porphyry dike which shows on the surface. They have found some cinnabar, 
 yielding native quicksilver. About 260 tons of ore was milled last spring, and 
 though not well sorted, yielded $8 a ton. The same parties own the Eureka, 
 on the other side of the canyon, on a three-foot ledge which assays $16.64 gold 
 and on which a tunnel has been driven forty feet. The owners bought the 
 arrastre built by John Shafer slxtten years ago, and are milling the ore In It. 
 
 The Poleplck, Peshastln, Black Jack and the Johnson mill have recently 
 been bonded to parties In the East, who contemplate working them together. 
 
 On the Marlon Charlea Donahue has three veins, one of which Is eight feet 
 wide and carries $6 free milling and $9 concentrating ore. He has run a drift 
 150 feet on a small stringer and has cross-cut eighty feet to the ledge. One of 
 the other ledges he has Identified as the extension of the ^o'epick, and on t*4« 
 he has drifted sixty-five feet and cross-cut eighty feet On the Gem is a hve- 
 foot ledge of concentrating ore which assays $8 to $16 gold an^ ^5 cents to M 
 ounces of silver. A cross-cut has been run sixty feet, but has not yet tapped 
 the ledge, and a tunnel is in twenty feet on ore. „„„„,, k„ wtiuam 
 
 Between the Peshastln and the O^m Is the^ Manistee, owned by William 
 Donahne'B heirs, Dore and Crojs. A tunnel has been driven 140 feet on a 
 
74 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 broken horse on the surface and the ledge lias not been found in place. About 
 eighty tons was milled in an iirrastre In 1S90 and paid $16 a ton. 
 
 On the east side of the oreelt John Bomaster has the I. X. L., on which he 
 has run a tunnel forty feet on a blanket ledge six or seven inches wide and 
 assaying about $20 a ton. 
 
 On the west mde of the creek E. E. Keyes, of Menominee, Mich., has the 
 Caledonia group of four claims on three parallel ledges. One of these has 
 ledge matter on the surface, on which a tunnel driven twenty feet has not yet 
 struck ore. On another, twelve feet wide, a shaft has been sunk thirty feet, 
 in which iron pyrites is coming in. On the third there l.s a two-foot cropping 
 of gray copper tapped by a cross-cut tunnel of about 120 feet. On the Goat 
 there Is a two-foot ledge of white ouartz carrying free gold, from which some 
 assays ran over $100. A shaft, fifteen feet deep shows the free gold to continue. 
 
 Near the Tip Top, at tiie head of the basin and crossing the divide to Ruby 
 Creek, Oliver Cloud and John Giimore have tho Sunset, on which is a six-foot . 
 ledge carrying gold and copper, and in two tunnels sixty feet and thirty feet 
 on the ledge there Is a showing of sulphurets on the face. 
 
 On the east side of the canyon is the Tip Top, which i;as had a varied 
 career. It was first worked by the Tip Top Mining Company, which sank a 
 shaft seventy-live feet and drove a cross-cut tunnel .^XO feet quartering with 
 the ledge and another 400 feet a short distance below. The ore was sloped out 
 from the fll"st two levels and run through the arrastre, its value averaging $40, 
 while some ran up to $90. The company abandoned the claim in 1888, and in the 
 following year T. J. Vinton relocated it, and held it until 1895. He then leased 
 it to James Kirk, who took out considerable ore, from which the extraction at 
 the Blewett mill averaged $22. It is now leased to George W. Porter, who 
 realized $10 a ton out of sixty tons milled. 
 
 Just below the new mill, Peter Anderson and Thaddeus Neubaur have a 
 vein of clear white talc ore, in which the free gold is plainly visible, similar to 
 that of the Culver ledge. They have driven two tunnels, aggresraiing 400 feet, 
 showing up the ledge well lo ;i widtli vai ying from six inches to three feet. 
 
 Within the last few years John Kendle has been prospectinK in the camp 
 by means of an instrument which, he claims, betray.s the p-oximity of an 
 auriferous ledge by electric attraction and which has gained. credit with some 
 prospectors. His instrument is supposed to disc^over gold, silver and copper 
 and to indicate witiiin certain limits how de*'P it i.s beneath the surface. It Is 
 a brass or silver cup cof.taining a secret composition of acids, rrom which a 
 tube of the same inaterial extends an inch or more- and then turns at right 
 angles. Into it is cemented a copper wire eif;ht inches long, which ends In a 
 flat circular brass elbow. F rom this another copper wire extends six inches at 
 right angles, so that It is parallel with the cup, and by this last wire the pros- 
 pector holds the instrument as he walks slowly over the ground, pressing his 
 finger ends tirmiy against i he wire. 
 
 Mr. Kendle claims to i,. vo located over twenty ledges by means of this 
 Instrument and to have priM-ed its accuracy by .showing ore on development, 
 seven of them beii.'p, on his jwn claims. One of these (ilaims is the Snowttake 
 located under eight feet ui snow, where other men had in vain run crosscuts 
 thirty, forty and sixty feet to strike the ledge. He ran a tunnel on it for 
 twenty feet and found six feet, of quartz between walls of quartzlte and 
 porphyry, which he says carries $7 gold and some coi)per. He and Henry 
 Weinmann, hi.s partner, have a Dodge mill with a capacity of twenty tons In 
 . twenty-four hours which they propo.se to set up at the mine and run by water 
 power to crush the ore, treating the pulp with cyanide. Another ledge located 
 by this means and covered by two claims, is the Sunset, fifteen feet wide and 
 carrying $10 to $15 gold. This is owned by Messrs. Kendle and Weinmann 
 who also have, in p.^rtnership with Patil Fein, three claims on the Yankee 
 Doodle ledge, to strike which Mr. Weinmann had previously run cross-cuts 
 150, 125 and 100 feet. They have run a tunnel lie feet on It, showing nine feel 
 of talc and three of white quartz carrying $4 dee gold. Mr. Kendle claims to 
 have aiso located by mean.s of his in.strument a four and one-half foot ledge 
 for Jaines Smith, who struck it with a forty-foot cro.ss-cut; a five-foot ledge 
 for Jam. s Giimore, who struck it in a tunnel drivon to Its face; and a third for 
 McDonai 1 & Perry, who struck it two to thn-f and one-half feet wide carry- 
 ing ore worth $19 to $22. by iriving twenty feer. 
 
 The mineral l)elt cut anc exposed by the deep ranvon of Negro Creek differs 
 In many respectr. from that on Peshastln Creek, although only a high ridge 
 divides the streams. Interest in this district languished after the suspension 
 of work at the '.'ascade Mining Company s mill and did not revive until the 
 great red buttes which stand out from the canyon walls of Negro Ingalls and 
 Peshastln CreekK attracted attention in 1S92. Prospectors soon found that the 
 dikes of which these buttes were the highest points contained chutes Of 
 porphyrltlc quartzite. between walls of lime and porphyry, the chutes ranging 
 in width from three to thirty feet, and several occurring across the width of 
 the wider dike.s The qnartzlte carries not only rr.;.! and some silver but 
 nickel to an average of 2% per cent. It also i-ar-les cobalt, and' the walls 
 carry traces of nickel. Some of the ledges f'.rthest up the crook arc distinctly 
 copper ore, car-n-ing 25 to :!0 per cent, of tnat mineral, and one ledge carries 
 cinnabar In which there Is native quicksilver. Prospecting has cone on 
 
MINmO IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 16 
 
 steadily and has extended the belt across the divide at the head of Negro Creek 
 to Palls Creek, across the north wall of the canyon to and across Ingallo 
 Creek, down the Peshastin a mile below the latter stream and across Ruby 
 Creek, an eastern tributary of the Peshastin. A large amount of development 
 has been done on many of the claims, but lack of capital and the need of a 
 wagron road has prevented the district from becoming a producer. 
 
 About a mile up Negro Creek, which cuts it ir. two, is.a ledge of porphyry 
 forty feet wide, on which is the War Kagle yrcup of four claims, bonded by 
 J. F. Buttles, George Hood and Jemes Grant to the- Co-operative Mining Syn- 
 dicate, of Seattle. It cuts through the granite, I'iate and serpentine country 
 rock in a course slightly east of north and west of south, from the summit 
 overlooking the Culver draw, on one side of Negro Creek, to that overlooking 
 Ingalls Creek on the other. It is veined with quartz and carries value 
 throughout Itrf width, gold predominating where it cuts the ffr.inite. An 
 average assay from a shaft twenty-Hve feet deep on the Ingalls Creek divide 
 shows $4.t;o gold and numerous assays have run from $20 to $00 gold, some of 
 the ore also carrying nickel. A tunnel has been run twenty feet from Negro 
 Creek on the lodge and l.= lielng continued through well-mlnerallzed rock. 
 
 On the divide between ingalls and Negro Creeks, opposite the Cascade 
 Mining Company's property, \V. S. Newland and Henry JtJrenard have the 
 New lork group of thlrtten claims, lorming a square on which is a mass 
 of quartzite carrying gold, .silver and copper. Only assessment work has 
 been done In the shape of a shaft or tunnel ten to fifteen feet deep on 
 each claim, and none of these have defined any ledges. Specimens taken 
 at random from the surface of one claim assayed $4.60 gold, 3% per cent, 
 copper and a trace of silver, and the Nellie assays $4 gold, $30 silver, 
 besides nickel. The group could be worked from a tunnel on each side 
 of the mountain, and a tramway half a mile long would take the product 
 to Ingalls Creek. 
 
 Across the creek from the Cascade Mining Company's group are the 
 Eagle and Iowa, owned by Henry Bllnn, of L,eavenworth. They have a 
 ledge three and one-half feel wide of quartz carrying iron and copper 
 pyrites, which assaj'S $7 gold. A shaft is being sunk, and shows improve- 
 ment in the ledge. 
 
 Next up the creek comes the Daisy Dean, owned by the Donahue estate 
 and F. H. Osgood, on a twin ledge between walls of serpentine and dU" ite. 
 One ledge three to four feet wide assays $32.30 gold, the other, three and 
 one-half feet wide, carries $8 silver and 60 per cent. lead. Two tunnels 
 have been run about twenty feet each at different levels. 
 
 Going up en the creek, there next comes the Kalnler group of thirteen 
 claims, with two mlllsites, owned by the Negro Creek Nickel and Copper 
 Mining Company. The Rainier ledge is covered by four claims and Is 
 a dike running northwest and southeast across Negro Creek, three and 
 one-half miles above its mouth. A cross-cut 170 feet on this dike struck 
 a series of five nickel-bearing ledges from ten to thirty feet wide. The 
 ore in the tunnel assays 2V^ to sVi per cent, nickel -and $5.20 gold. The 
 Tacoma has a quartz ledge four and one-half feet wide running into the 
 Rainier series, and carrying copper and iron pyrites, with $8.20 gold and 
 a ft-w ounces of silver. Red Butte No. 1 and No. 2 arc on a deposit of 
 wliite talc thirty feet wide, carrying about $5 gold, of which a red butte 
 forn.H one side, and a ninety-foot tunnel has shown up a large chute of 
 aickcl ore. The Montana i.s an a spur southwest of the Gordon ledge, 
 carrying nickel, free gold and silver, twelve feet wide. Fractions A aal 
 B ar^ extensions of spurs of the Ontario and Meridian. The South On- 
 tarl" arid two others cover a large dike of low-grado nickel ore about thirty 
 feet wide TliLs company constructed an extension of the wagon road 
 up the Peshastin from the mouth of Ingalls Creek two years ago, amd 
 partly constructed it to the Rainier group. It also surveyed a lino for an 
 electric rond up the Peshastin and Negro Creek, thirteen miles, to the 
 Rainier group, and three miles further, to the park on which the i'ersingcr 
 group abuts. 
 
 Adjoining Red Butte No. 1 and No. 3 are the Union and Dominlan, 
 which are three-quarters of a mile up Bear Creek, on the north of Negro 
 Creek. They have been bonded by W. T, Karey, G. S. Merriam, George 
 Beam. Jamts FuUweiler. C. Striker and H, .youder, to George K. Ward, of 
 Seattle, who is to erect a plant and begin development by April 1, 1887. 
 They have a ledge of free milling and concentrating ore east and west, cut 
 by Bear Cre«'k. Twelve samples were taken ot dhlerent grades of ore 
 acn.sa the ledge and ihe assays ranged from $10T.4S> gold and $1.10 silver up 
 to $875.63 gold and $6.50 silver. Kight tons sl»ipped to tho Tacoma smelter 
 only returned $11.30 a ton, because they were not sorted and were take» 
 from a poir.t bi.yoiid the ore chute. A tunnel has been run 100 feet on the 
 ledge, siiowlng It to range from eighteen Inchts to four feet, wlln gnod ore 
 all through. Aoroa.i l^eiir Creek from these claims is llie Anago, owned 
 by Gus Guoin, S. W Elliott and Charle.s Harvtj, on a live-toji Itdge of 
 copper sulphuri'l.s rt.nning north* ast and southwest, wiiich assays on the 
 surface $2.75 to $tt.40 gold and silver. 
 
 Adjoining the Union and Dominion or Hear Creek are the Gordon and 
 an extension, owned by Supreme Judge Gordon, W. I. Agnew and G. E. 
 
76 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 Filloy, all of Olympia. It has a ledge forty feet wide, running north and 
 south and assaying 10 per cent, nickel, with tree gold and silver. A tunnel 
 flfty-nve feet long has cross-cut the ledge, defining its width. , . ™ „ 
 
 Following up Negro Creek conies the f. P. Nickel, owned by Tony 
 Pcesfon, of Leavenworth. A shaft is being sunk on the hanging wall, 
 where Is three or four feet of quartz, carrying 11.50 gold and a good per- 
 centage of nickel. . ^ , ,. . 
 
 A little further up, on the north side, is the Ontario, owned by Martin 
 Lew's cin-^ Mr. Morrell, who have a ledge forty li.et wide, between walls 
 ot serpentine. The o.-e carries ?7 to $8 gold, 3 per cent, nickel and 3\/^ per 
 cent, copper In .sulphides. A shaft is down about twelve feet on the hang- 
 ing wall, a tunnel has been run ninety fiet on the stringer, cutting towards 
 the main ledge, and a tunnel is In seventy feet to cross-cut the main ledge, 
 which It Is expected to strike in another hundred feet. 
 
 On the south side of the creek, next above the Ontario, comes the 
 Meridian, owned by George Persinger, of l.,eavenworth, and John Lindsay, 
 of St. Louis. It has a ledge of dark blue quartz, forty feet wide, between 
 serpentine walls, the ore carrying gold, silver, copper, sulphides and nickel. 
 The outcrop is in iron-stained red and blue cliffs on the wall of the canyon. 
 A tunnel has been run sixty feet on the ledge and a mill test of the ore, 
 made in St. Louis, gave JlO.'iO gold, $5 silver, 12.50 copper and 2 per cent, 
 native nickel, besides nickel sulphides. 
 
 The North Pole group of ten claims Is next In order, and Is owned by 
 George Persinger, Michael Callaghan, John McKenzle, Andrew Stoughton 
 ana Williara Lee, of Leavenworth; George Kline of Wenatchee, and John 
 S. Jurey, of Seattle. 
 
 North Pole No. 1 and two other claims are all on one ledge ninety-one 
 feet wide running due north and south, which crops out In big red buttes 
 on the Cinnabar King claim. The ore is red and blue quartz between walls 
 of serpentine, and carries, gold nickel and quicksilver. A tunnel has been 
 run ninety feet on the hanging wall on this ledge, and there was 200 tons 
 of ore on the dump on the creek bank, when a flood swept half of It away 
 In the spring of 1895. There is now, however, 150 to 200 tons on the dump. 
 The Champion and Idaho are on another ledge four and one-half feet wide, 
 which runs east and west, and joins the North Pole ledge at an angle on 
 tho east. It assays ?12 gold and 10^^ per cent, copper. A tunnel run forty 
 fee^ to cross-cut the ledge has not yet tapped it. The Persinger Copper 
 LMe and Gray Eagle are on a ledge running northwest and southeast, 
 which outcrops three feet wide on tlie summit and contains copper sul- 
 phide ore carrying gold and silver. Assays range from ri2 to 32 per cent, 
 copper, $5 to $16 gold and 3 to 5 ounces silver. A tunnel twenty-ttve feet 
 on the main ledge on the top of the hill shows good ore all through, and a 
 cross-cut Is being run 100 feet below, which is tn litteen feet and will tap 
 the ledge in about twenty feet more. The Ivanhoe No. 5 is west of tha 
 Rainier group on the north side of the creek, and has a live-foot ledge of 
 copper sulphide ore assaying about 20 per cent, copper with a little gold 
 aod silver. A cross-cut taps the ore in forty feet. About 20C feet of new 
 tunnels has been completed on this group in the last year, and has shown 
 up extensive bodies of copper pyrites. 
 
 On the Ivanhoe ledge John and William Ii>ncli have the Leo, with four 
 feet of ore assaying 2^ per cent, copper, with somu gold and silver. They 
 ran a cross-cut tunnel sixty feet, following a two-foot stringer into the 
 tncMn ledge. 
 
 At the north end of the Everett are the Cinnabar King, owned by 
 Qeorge Persinger, Harvey Sender and Charles Striker, on a dike 200 feel 
 wide, which crops out in a line of jagged rod cliffs on the north wall of th« 
 canyon. A surface cut across the dike shows it to be all mineralized red> 
 and blue quartz, with serpentine walls. An assay .sliows it to carry 93.59 
 gold, besides nickel and cinnabar. 
 
 On the first dike which cuts across the Pesh.istln canyon on tho north l8 
 another string of claims. On the right bank are the Monarch No. 1 and No. 2, 
 owned by Ralph White, of Rossland, Tim O'Learv, the contractor, and Mr. 
 Walker. The dike Is porphyrltlc quartzlte seventy-five feet wide, running 
 tlightly north of east and south of west. A mill test of a ton taken from a 
 ninety-foot tunnel gave $90 returns In nickel, cobalt and gold, and assays 
 range from $4 to $5 gold, 2% i>er cent, and upwards in nickel, 1% to 2^ per cent, 
 cobalt. On the opposite hill and on the same ledge, George Persinger, Tony 
 Preston and Michael Callaghan have the Red Butte group of three claims, 
 extending along the outcrop to the summit, with a fourth on a parallel led.^e 
 on the southwest. A tunnel has been run into the ledge at the base of tho hill, 
 ore from which assayed as hl.^h as \2'^ per cent, nickel, 2Vi per cent, cobalt and 
 IIS gold. In the valley between the Monarch and Red Rutte groups Is the 
 Rattlesnake, half of which Is held by the owners of each group. 
 
 This dike has been traced across the mountains and one and one-half mllM 
 eastward to Ruby Creek, where It crops out on part of a group of thirteen 
 claims held by Charles Harvey, S. W. Elliott and H. C. Ca.stlebury On this 
 group are four parallel ledges from twenty to .sixty feet wide l>etween walls of 
 a«rpentine and conglomerate, marked by red buttes like those on the rest of 
 the belt. Assays average 8 per cent, nickel, gold and silver not being showa. 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 77 
 
 At the north end of this group are the Red Cloud and Tralee, owned by W. 
 Kelly, of Spokane; C. King, of Kalispell; Charlea Harvey and Charles Moriar- 
 Itq, of Leavenworth, on a sixteen-foot ledge assaying |25 copper. $6 gold, as 
 well as nickel and cobalt. Further up Peshastin Creek, below the mouth of 
 Negro Creek, F. D. Eates and John W. Miller, of Leavenworth, have two 
 claims on a seven-foot ledge of sulphide ore carrying $6 and $8 gold on the 
 surface, besides copper. 
 
 Five miles above the mouth of Ingalls Creek is the State group of six 
 claims, owned by John and William Lynch. They are on two parallel 
 dikes sixty feet wide, which are cut by the creek. 
 
 The nickel-bearir^ formation has been traced anrnsis the Negro Creek 
 divide to Falls Creek, a tributary of Ingalls Creek from tno south. W. F. 
 Patterson and Charles Newberry, of Piewett, have located the Bonanza 
 and Deadwood, near the head of the creek, on the largest dike ssc fs»" dis- 
 covered in the district. The creek runs between the two locations, and 
 the dike rises almost perpendicularly from it. The owners are cutting 
 across the face of these cliffs to expose green ore. The surface ore assays 
 about 5 per cent, nickel, fS.CO sold and a trace of copper. Adjoining this 
 group and running to the forks of the creek, also extending westward to 
 Cascade Creek, Is the Nickel Plate group of twelve claims, owned by John 
 and William Lynch. Tlie main ledge is sixty feet wide and is covered by 
 five claims, on .vhich prospect holes have been sunk, while the other claims 
 are on spurs from t'.iis and the Bonanza and Deadwood ledges, ranging in 
 width from ten to t'.ilrty feet. The ore Is of the same character and value 
 as the Bonanza and Deadwood. 
 
 The placer ground from the mouth of Peshastin Creek far up towards its 
 head is still being worked with a fair measure of success. The deposits of 
 grid- bearing material are gravel hills built up in the course of%ge3 on old 
 ri.er channel?, running sometimes parallel, at others across the present 
 channel of Peshastin Creek. In the old channels the gold is mostly coarse, 
 and thereforf easily saved, but where the present streams have acted on It 
 it is fine and requires more care and skill. One of the largest enterprises of 
 this kind is leing carried on by W. M. Keene and O. A. Benjamin, of Seattle, 
 on the flats Oeside the Wenatchee on its right bank, one and one-half miles 
 below Peshastin. Mr. Keene began by sluicing back from the river bank, 
 taking water from a point half a mile up that creek. He found that the old 
 channel bedrock sloped back from the present river channel, and thus his 
 ground was flooded. Being joined by Mr. Benjamin, he put In a hydraulic 
 and a pump to raise the d'.rt from beneath the water on the old channel. 
 The dirt pays well, even for manual work, good streaks running as high as 
 %l a yard. At ihe mouth of Ingalls Creek Mr. Hensel, a farmer, is working 
 several claims with good results in fine gold. On the right bank of the 
 Peshastin, at the mouth of Ruby Creek, James and Thomas Lynch, Riley 
 Elsenhour and Thomas Medhurst have worked six claims with a big hydraulic 
 giant at high water and ground sluiced at low water. 
 
 Where the canyon narrows below Negro Creek the late J. H. Crawford, 
 W H. Wilcox and Frank B. Holley had four claims on the left bank, to which 
 they built 2,000 feet of ditch and flume from Negro Creek, with 150 feet of fall, 
 and hydraulicked down to the old channel bedrock, which is thirty feet above 
 the present channel. The gold is coarse. In nuggets as large as $6.75, and they 
 are working with only wood rlfT.es and no platas or quicksilver, not attempt- 
 ing to save the fine gold. 
 
 A mile above Negro Creek George W. and J. M. Bloom, two brothe.rs, and 
 John Snyder are working three good claims which take in all the bai ground 
 on both sides of the creek, on the old channel. The Bloom brothers started 
 in 1893 by sluicing out the dirt on the right bank of the creek and took »79 
 from a space fifteen feet square. In 1895 they took $20 from the space next 
 below ten feet square and at the most eighteen inches deep, and were last 
 year joined bv Mr. Snvder. They cut a ditch for a bedrock drain, but failed 
 to reach bedrock, and then started a tunnel to cut across from rim to rim 
 of the old channel, which is In twenty-eight feet, keeping the water down 
 with a bucket wheel. Fror; the first eight feet of this tunnel they took $4.20, 
 and they have a be of gravel twei»ty feet deep, which they say carries 
 25 cents a yard fi-om rim to rim and surface to bedrock. The gold is nearly 
 all coarse, but thiy save the line gold by means of pole riffles placed length- 
 wise of the sluice box, with cleats underneath which raise them an Inch 
 above the bottom. This arrangement causes a continual boil in the water, 
 which thus sucks the gold under the cross-pieces. On the lowest claim they 
 are driving a tunnel back to the old channel, of which they have not yet 
 found the bedrock, the dirt running as well as on the upper claims. They 
 propose to dig a ditch one and one-fifth miles along the creek, with a capacity 
 ot 1.000 hiches. and wHl put in a six-inch pipe and hydraulic. 
 
78 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 LEAVENWOBTH. 
 
 The last five years have proved the presence of a great mineral zone In 
 the mountalria on each side of the Chlwah Canyon, as In other parts of the 
 Cascade Range, and development is proceeding with such vigor that a year 
 or two more should suffice to make the district a regular producer. 
 
 The Leavenworth District is easily accessible from Seattle. Leaving that 
 city on the Great Northern train, one goes to Leavenworth,. 151 miles, and then 
 goes northward by a good road to Shueart's ranch, ♦'ourteen miles, and by 
 trail to either the Phelps Basin or the Chlwah Basin, thirty-eight miles in 
 each case. These basins are one at each side of a high ridge ten miles long, 
 known as Red Hill, the Chlwah llowlng down ono side and Phelps Creek 
 down the other, to unite at the tail of the hill. On this mountain, called 
 Red Hill to distinguish It from Red Mountain in the Trail Creek District, 
 is the greatest minei-al zone with the most active work. 
 
 The first discovery of mineral on this mountain was made in 1893 by 
 George N. Watson, who found in a low saddle on the summit, between 
 porphyry and granite walls, a ledge of iron pyrites four feet wide, running 
 a little east of south and west of north, with a slight eastward dip. He 
 located the Emerald, and this lodge has since been traced on the surface 
 through a string of claims for about live miles. On a parallel ledge he and 
 Dr. L. L. Porter, of Roslyn, have the Esmeralda, which a shaft forty-two 
 I'eet deep a»id drifts twenty-six and twelve feet have shown to widen from 
 e'ghteen inches on the surface to five feet. The ore is arsenical Iron and 
 copper sulphides and assays $11 gold, 33 per cent, copper and a small amount 
 of silver. 
 
 The thorough prospecting which followed on Mr. Watson's discovery and 
 extmliiHtions by mining engineers have shown the mountain to be formed 
 of rranltlo rocks, with cliffs of gneiss on the side of the Phelps Creek Basin, 
 a,nd to be a great mineral zone, in which the ledges, carrying chalcopyrlte 
 ajid pyrites, have been traced by croppings of ore and by locations for five 
 mile across country. The ledges are true fissures of great size and strength, 
 but 1 ave not yet been defined by development, 
 
 Tlie largest property on tlie mountain is the Red Cap and Bryan groups 
 of twenty claims, owned by the Una Mining and Milling Company, of Seattle, 
 covering over 500 acres from the Phelps Basin southward and from the summit 
 down to Phelps Creek, with a tunnel site on the Chlwah side, two of the 
 claims being placers In the flat at the confluence of the Chiwah and Phelps 
 Creek. The majority of the claims are on the main ledge or system ojf ledges, 
 while five run continuously for 7,500 feet along the main cross ledge, which 
 has a course south of west and north of east, breaking through granite, 
 gnelsa and syenite and dipping slightly to the northwest into the mountain. 
 It shows well mineralized chutes of ore on tlie surface, carrying chalco- 
 pyrlte, pyrites of Iron and copper and some manganese. The lowest assay 
 from the surface was $3.73 gold and the highest $72 gold, but copper will also 
 form a large part of the value. The main ledge has ore bodies showing in 
 numerous places, heavily charged with arsenical and sulphide ores, assaying 
 from $3 to $180 gold. The average value of the ore through the mountain is 
 $69 gold and silver, on the basis of a number of assays. A tunnel Is hi fifty- 
 two feet to cut the broad main mineral zone at a maximum depth of 1,500 feet 
 and is being continued with a double shift of miners. At 112 feet it will cut 
 the first ledge, which shows three and one-half feet wide on the surface, 
 carrying sulphides and black sulphurets and assaying $45 gold, silver and 
 lead, and a little further will strike the second, which is seven and one-half 
 feet wide and well mineralized on the surface with copper sulphurets, copper 
 oxides and buncnes of native copper, assaying $48.60 for all values. The 
 Bryan group lies on the south edge of the company's holdings and has a 
 ledge showing three and one-half feet of solid ore, heavily charged with 
 copper sulphurets and native copper in bunches. Another ledge further up 
 the mountain shows twenty-five feet of talc carrying sulphides, and will b« 
 tapped at great depth by the cross-cut tunnel, and yet another, which cut* 
 the red cliffs forming the rim of the basin, has been defined to a width of 
 seven feet, with only the hanging wall found. A tunnel has been started on 
 this group also and will be pushed this season, when a tunnel will alio be 
 driven from the Chlwah side of the mountain. This company has already 
 expended over $3,000 on development. 
 
 The company which had been most active in development untU the advent 
 of the Una was the Red Hill Mining Company, which owns ten claims on the 
 two main ledges running across Phelps Creek south of the Una property. 
 On the Black Bear a tunnel has been run sixteen feet, showing a twelve-foot 
 ledge carrying copper and iron sulphides, which assayed $2.50 to $29 gold and 
 silver; on the White Swan ledge, traced for some distance to a width of eight 
 feet, a forty-foot tunnel showed arsenical iron assaying $12 to $18 gold, sliver 
 and copper. 
 
I. North Star. 
 I. BUUl 
 1. Bontr. 
 
 & Lwt C 
 
 «. Kwiitit^ 
 7. IbrcridL 
 t. Ro LMWtqr. 
 «. Owieton. 
 
 10 lUk. ^_^ 
 
 11 Hur jorie 8l*li«t. 
 18. 0«wjto 8^»^ 
 IS. KMkxta 
 
 14. 8»ow»j Whltfc 
 
 15. Corkn. 
 
 IS. Ud« (Mtf. 
 17. BoU; 0«*. 
 It. UmOKs. 
 ISl RmMUL 
 W. Rdlj BIy. 
 iU. fltsclta 
 
 22. Soanlt. 
 
 23. BatMllL 
 
 24. Blaur. 
 n. UUgnn 
 M. Mra. 
 
 27. Cull. 
 
 28. lAwk'i Weil. 
 2». BAieki. 
 
 SO. tom. 
 SL Datcoa. 
 .12. Smwt. 
 8*. Wj»Mop»Oi««P» 
 M. AUBklUfOop. 
 85. TJm OKOTIk ^ 
 S8. Bed ManntalB Ot. 
 St. B«< Bill Cci 
 M. HIUwArraata. 
 }y. Bnn«6iMV> 
 
 40. P.- 1 anwik _ 
 U UtUeOiutOnift 
 
 LEAVENWORTH 
 
 OKAiNOQAN COUNTY 
 WASmNOTON 
 
 VtHMKI IN THI r/tOI'IO NOKTHWnt 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 7f 
 
 The Red Mountain Mining Company also owns ten claims on the two 
 main ledges, but has not as yet done any development. 
 
 Among the other extensions on the Emerald ledge are the Spokane by 
 J. D. Wynkoop, Capt. Benton and Henry Carpenter, of Yakima; the Emerald 
 No. 2, by H. D. Watson and Tony Preston; the Standard, by G. N Watson 
 and Albert Medhurst; the Great Eastern, by D, H. Watson; the Eveleen and 
 Ohio, by H. EUnn. On the Esmeralda ledge D. H. Watson has the Esmeralda 
 No. 2 and on a cross ledge the Northern Light. On the latter an open cross- 
 cut extending twenty feet from the footwall has not struck the hanging wall 
 and shows Iron sulphides assaying $8 gold. Turner & Co., of Spokane have 
 the Fourth of July group of six claims on three parallel ledges. Running 
 over the summit from the head of Phelps Basin to Red La,ke, Frank Reeves 
 and others have the two Alaska claims on a twenty-five foot ledge showing 
 sulphides clear across the cropplngs. The Smuggler ledge has been traced 
 up the hill and on it Carl Chrlstlanson has located the Standard, John M. 
 Miller, William Nack and Carl Christiansen have the Morning, Custer, Liver- 
 pool and Cariboo. On another ledge Tony Preston and John W. Miller have 
 the Queen Victoria group of three claims, and Turner & Co. have the two 
 Great Northerns. On the Chlwah side of the hill, below the Emerald ledge, 
 are the Mountain Goat and its extension by Frank A. Losekamp & Co., the 
 Sacred Faith and its extension; the Portland and its extension, by Emil 
 Frank & Co.; the German, by Sig. Frudenstein; the Black Diamond group of 
 four claims, by Losekamp & Co.; the Black Man, by John W. Miller; the 
 
 Black Crystal, by Karbs, of Spokane, and the Eagle, by William Nack 
 
 and Carl Christiansen. 
 
 Until the last year but little development had been done on Red Hill, but 
 the movement which has begun may be expected to spur owners on to show 
 what thefe is beneath the surface. 
 
 Near the mouth of Maple Creek Charles Allen has the Champion group 
 of five claims, where there were evidences of the presence of white men as 
 early as the year 1866. One ledge cropped eight to ten feet wide, showing 
 Bulphurets, and former ownera had run a cross-cut 310 feet to tap it and then 
 abandoned it for lack of funds. The other ledge shows pyrltlc ore and is 
 well defined to a width of fifteen to twenty feet between walls of syenite and 
 porphyry running southeast and northwest, assaying $4 to $7 gold on the 
 surface, and has an east and west spur on the summit. A cross-cut has been 
 run about 300 feet to tap it at a depth of 250 feet. Further up the mountain 
 Philip Hatch and others have the two Drummer Boy claims on a ledge show- 
 ing four feet wide in an open cut, where the ore assays J5.68 gold and silver. 
 
 On the Rock Creek Canyon, half a mile from the Chlwah, is the P. -I. 
 group of two claims, ownod by Frank Schuenemann, of Pasco. The surface 
 showing Is a gneiss blow-out of oxidized iron, carrying gold and sliver, and 
 one streak of ore assayed 444 ounces silver. A cross-cut tunnel is in sixty- ' 
 seven feet. 
 
 On Fall Creek, still further down the Chlwah, A. W. Purdy has the Big 
 Elephant group of six claims on a large ledge of hematite ore, defined by a 
 twelve-foot open cut, carrying gold, silver and copper, which assays on the 
 surface $3 to $9 gold and $3.75 sliver. 
 
 On the summit of the range between Mad River and the Chlwah Is another 
 section of the same district, of granite and shale formation, which is reached 
 from Leavenworth by fourteen miles of road and three miles of trail. On this 
 range are two great parallel ledges of light green schistose talc between 
 granite walls, carrying free gold. The Monterey Gold Mining and Mllllns 
 Company has nine claims, comprising the Georgie Smith group. Eight 
 claims are on a ledge of light grreen talcdse quarta sixty feet wide, with no 
 defined pay streaks, which was tapped in thirty-five feet by a cross-cut last 
 summer. The gold is said to be all free and assays of surface specimens 
 have run $3.25, $125, $!S50 and $3,128 gold. The other claim is on a seven-foot 
 cross ledge. The company Is about to erect a ten-stamv mill and will begin 
 milling ore this spring. , ^ . , ,,. . ^ 
 
 On the extension of the Georgie Smith ledge the Cable Mining Company, 
 of Seattle, has five claims, which with two on a second ledge on the east 
 bank of Mad River, are known as the Palmer group. The main ledge on tbl9 
 group is thirty-five feet wide and shows a pay streak of twenty-four Inches 
 at a depth of eleven feet In an open cut, ore from which assayed $186 gold. 
 A cross-cut tapped the main ledge in forty feet, but has not cut through It 
 This ledge crops so strongly that It can be readily traced for 15,000 feot. The 
 second ledge is also a true fissure in granite. , , „ ^ , . 
 
 J. C. Parsons and Bickford & Son have the two Hawk's Nest claims on 
 the Georgie Smith ledge. On a twenty-foot ledge of free milling ore Louts 
 Heuch, Charles Blazier, Charles Lllygren and Max Spromberg have tha 
 Mother Lode group of four claims, on which they have run a ertxtoen-root 
 tunnel. . „ 
 
 At the mouth of Deep Creek the Deep Creek Mlnln« Conipany has a jfroup 
 of thirteen placer clalnas. on which four men were employed last iiummer 
 with a hydraulic g^ant. The dl» carried about 2«_oentB a yard and about 
 «0 per cent of the value isaaved in the sluice boxes with silver pUtes, though 
 the. gold In the Chlwah RShrer bars is generally so fine that It can only b« 
 saved by great care and skill. 
 
80 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 The extension of the wagon road from Shugart's ranch to the head of th« 
 Chlwah River or Phelps Creek would not be attended with any great diffi- 
 culty and would do much to facilitate work. It 1h understood that the people 
 of Leavenworth contemplate making this improvement, as it would redound 
 greatly to their benefit. 
 
 LAKE CHELAN. 
 
 y K ■ 
 
 Development is fast proving that the precipitous mountains which shut 
 In this beautiful body of water on each side are full of mineral equal In 
 abundance and value to tho mineral belt which is cut by the Columbia 
 River and extends east and west along the boundary line for an indefinite 
 distance. The principal ore bodies opened so far carry gold-bearing iron 
 and copper pyrites, but there are also in close proximity rich narrow ledgee 
 of silver-bearing ores. 
 
 The district, while not tapped by any railroad, is easily accessible. From. 
 Seattle one goes by the Greac Northern Railroad to Wenatchee, 174 miles* 
 by the sttamer City of Ellensburg to Chelan Falls, thirty-nine miles; by 
 stage to Chelan, three and one-half miles, or to liakeslde, live miles- or 
 steamer City of Ellensburg to La Chapolle, forty miles, and stage to Chelan 
 two and one-half miles; by steamer Stehekln to Meadow Creek, flfty-two- 
 miles, or Railroad Creek, the same distance, these two streams emptying 
 into the lake almost opposite one another. If one wishes to make a more 
 extended trip to adjoining mining districts, the Seattle & International train 
 can be taken from Seattle to Woolley, eighty miles; the Seattl.- & Northern 
 train thence to Hamilton, fourteen miles; stage thence to Marble Mount, 
 thirty-four miles, then go on horseback over the state trail, which runs up 
 the Cascade River, over the Cascade Pass and down the Stehekin River ta 
 the mouth of Bridge Creek, forty-one miles. Leaving the state trail here, 
 one would go sl.'cteen miles over another trail to Stehekin,, at the heart of 
 Lake Chelan, where the steamer Stehekin would be taken and one would 
 go in the reverse direction over the route first described. Taking this route, 
 the traveler would make a circuit of 471 miles and would pass through the 
 Skagit copper belt, the Cascade and Stehekin silver belt, the Lake Chelan 
 gold, copper and silver district, and the Wenatchee low grade gold diatrlct. 
 This trip would at the same time give an opportunity to see the Switzerland 
 of America and enjoy unrivaled hunting and fishing. 
 
 The country rock of this region is granite, amid which lie great dikes 
 of porphyry, and the ledges are usually in the contact between these two 
 rocks in tho Meadow Creek District, their course beinj? slightly south of west 
 and north of east. The first prospecting was done in 1891 from rowboats on 
 the lake, whence the croppings of mineral could be descried on the mountains 
 on each side, but In the following year the heights were scaled and explored 
 in a more thorough search. 
 
 The first discovery has so far proved t he greatest, thanks to the energetic 
 development of the last year, though others may yet rival it. This Is the 
 Blue Jay, on the east bank of Meadow Creek, 1,000 feet above the east bank 
 of the lake, discovered by Capt. Charles Johnson, of Lakeside. It is now 
 being developed to a depth of l.W feet by the Chelan Gold Mining Company, 
 which has bought it. The red iron capping of the ledge rises in a ser^s of 
 big swells on both sides of and above a slide in which the orumLied, Iron- 
 stained rock slopes for !iOO feet down to the next bench. It is a clearly defined 
 ledge of iron and copper pyrites from thirty to forty-five ffet wide between 
 walls of granite and porphyry, the line of cleavage being inarked by seams 
 of quartz. Of the ledge eight feet is white quartz and ten feet is diorlte 
 exactly like tnat of other sulphide districts. An assay of the surface ore 
 showed it to carry $8 gold, 12 per cent, copper and a little silver. 
 
 An open cross-cut and t mnel were run on the ledge for seventy-two feet, 
 giving a depth of fifty feet, and cross-cuts were then run twenty-six feet to 
 the hanging wall and fifteen feet to the footwall, defining the width of the 
 le<ige as forty-six feet. A winze was sunk on the hanging wall for nine feet 
 to ascertain whether the ore chute widened. It proved that the chute widened 
 from eighteen inches of broken ore at the roof of the tunnel to twenty-eight 
 Inches of solid ore at the floor of the winze, with a total width of seven feet. 
 This improvement occurred in a depth of fifteen feet between the roof of the 
 tunnel and the floor of the winze. There were also in the width of the ledge 
 four other streaks of lulid ore, one three feet wide composed mostly of oxide 
 of copper, with de omposed quartz and iron pyrites; the three others, twenty, 
 six and four inches wide respectively, of solid iron and copper sulphides, the 
 last being against the footwall. The ledge is also mineralized throughout, 
 and through It run various streaks of soft Iron and copper sulphides, having 
 a greater dip than the wider pay streaks an^all tending towards the footwaU 
 —an indication that at depth they will come together. Assays from the 
 average of the pay streaks In the winze range from $18 to J37 for all values, 
 
) the head of the 
 
 any great dlffl- 
 
 cl that the people 
 
 t would redound 
 
 alns which shut 
 nineral equal in 
 y the Columbia 
 for an Indefinite 
 old-bearing Iron 
 h narrow ledgea 
 
 ccesslble. From' 
 tehee, 174 miles: 
 '^-nlne miles; by 
 ', live miles; or 
 stage to Chelan 
 Creek, fifty-two- 
 reams emptying 
 to make a more 
 ternatlonal train 
 ttle & Northern 
 Marble Mount, 
 , which runs up 
 ehekln River to 
 state trail here, 
 at the heart of 
 and one would 
 iklng this route, 
 ass through the 
 ha Lake Chelan 
 de gold district, 
 the Switzerland 
 
 He great dikes 
 ween these two 
 ly south of west 
 om rowboats on 
 a the mountains 
 ed and explored 
 
 to the energetic 
 It. This Is the 
 e the east Imnk 
 ilde. It Is now 
 Inlng Company, 
 !S In a series of 
 crumLied, Iron- 
 i clearly defined 
 (t wide between 
 arked by seams 
 1 feet is dlorite 
 the surface ore 
 ^er. 
 
 iventy-two feet, 
 enty-slx feet to 
 16 width of the 
 ill for nine feet 
 e chute widened 
 to twenty-eight 
 h of seven feet, 
 the roof of the 
 1th of the ledge 
 mostly of oxide 
 others, twenty, 
 r sulphides, the 
 sed throughout, 
 ilphldes, having 
 rds the footwafi 
 3says frora the 
 r for all values. 
 
 -J 
 
 /. 
 
 '*■ fi^ 
 
 ■:o 
 
 ■V 
 
 \ 
 
 ^1 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^■..-^ 
 
 '■ I 
 
 / 
 
 T;/ 
 
 r'^'wHif-BS 
 
 ,.*-*.-«"Sr«— 
 
 )S -> -* --. "^ 
 
 ) 
 
 \N 
 
 ...L^: --- 
 
 .*S^' 
 
 ^ 
 
 ,^^ 
 
 »_ 
 #i--- 
 
 v_ 
 
 
 VJ/^ 
 
 
 k '■■ 
 
 ,\* 
 
 
 u 
 
 M UK 
 
 ln< 
 
 b 
 
 8o! 
 
 1.' 
 
T 
 
 I' -^ NG IN rue PACtnc 
 
 Tndex to Num- 
 bered ClalniB 
 South of Lake. 
 
 1, 
 
 North etar 
 Group. 
 Agnes. 
 Monarch. 
 Mystary. 
 
 6. Mystic. 
 
 6. Deer Park. 
 
 7. W. T. 
 
 8. Sunrise. 
 .9. Sunset. 
 
 to. Stockholm. 
 U. Gold Bug. 
 t2. H«rU>n. 
 
 13. Goerleke. 
 
 14. MonteRosa. 
 
 15. Dawn. 
 
 16. Mary G. 
 
 17. Black Cap. 
 
 18. White Cap. 
 
 19. Blue Cap. 
 30. Sis4 Gap. 
 
 a. Tenderfoot. 
 22. Emma. 
 22. Minnie. 
 24. A. M. H. 
 2(». Irene. 
 2(J. (Jold Bug. ' 
 yr. Buckskin. 
 2.1. CJhelan. 
 
 29. Copper Mtn 
 
 No. 1. 
 
 30. Copper Mtn 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 31. Lulu H. 
 
 32. Lottie. 
 
 33. SKy Rocket. 
 
 34. MaryOreen. 
 
 55. Iron Dyke. 
 
 36. Last 
 
 Chance. 
 
 37. Raymond. 
 
 38. Marcus 
 Stein Group. 
 
 39. D.T.Denny 
 
 Group. 
 
 North c 
 
 1. MOB( 
 
 2. 8ilv< 
 
 3. Busi 
 
 4. 'Nebi 
 
 5. Clay 
 
 6. Phy 
 
 ;. Orui 
 
 MRMHM 
 
eivii A!%o MiMiNo SNaiNaA. I 
 
 Iron Dyke, 
 last 
 
 Chance. 
 
 Raymond, 
 
 Marcus 
 
 Stein Oroup. 
 
 D.T.Denny 
 
 Q-roup. 
 
 North of Laka. 
 
 1. Moscow. 
 
 2. Silver Bell. 
 
 3. Buster. 
 
 4. 'Nebraska. 
 
 5. Clayton. 
 
 6. Phyllis. 
 
 7. 0rumrlne. 
 
 8. Emma Lee. 
 
 9. MattleJane. 
 !0. Wolverine. 
 U. Idaho. 
 
 12. Canada. 
 
 13. Devonshire. 
 
 14. Mastodon. 
 
 15. Ellephant. 
 
 16. Hard- 
 
 scrabble. 
 
 17. Lake View. 
 
 18. Emma. 
 
 19. Diamond J. 
 
 20. Gem. 
 
 21. Blue Jay. 
 
 22. 'Blue Jay 
 
 ' 'bought. 
 
 27. Chub. 
 
 28. Unique. 
 
 29. Black Bear, 
 
 30. New York, 
 
 31. Confidence, 
 ^. Seattle.^ 
 
 33. Slsmarck. 
 
 34. Johnson, 
 
 35. Iowa. 
 
 36. Carrie A. 
 
 37. Orphan 
 Boy. 
 
 Hunter. 
 39. Silver King. 
 
y 
 
 %. 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^^. 
 
 / 
 
 \ 
 
 • / 
 
 i/ 
 
 /' 
 
 r 
 
 >/!r«.I )=^'f' ij^f »<->5 i 
 
 / 
 
 ^ 
 
 — l !•«. I It .'>■!« > 
 
 ^*Av^ { >)..H 
 
 
 
 
 \ 
 
 u- 
 
 ••virt'-vn .C 
 
 .ajrohocn .fir --•iP'^M .a -miit^ oi 
 
 gold predomlr 
 Bhowert 18'/4 P* 
 
 A coiitnict 
 and tup the le 
 will be oompl) 
 eroBB-cut to ti 
 where the cro 
 enters the led 
 ore 8up«'rlor t 
 a comproHHor 
 
 The Hlu.! 
 feet on th<' Iv 
 extenHlon, ow 
 and tuniifl ah 
 119 Kold aiid 
 the IfdK*' thrt 
 fliilms of Mc8 
 extension E. 
 Gibson iind P 
 
 At least n 
 Home of them 
 Kmma Lee, o 
 wide In a por 
 open cut and 
 ]■> per cent, co 
 and the Iron ( 
 
 The Phylll 
 Crumiine, S. 
 of Seattle, for 
 Ing several \n 
 Inch streak (i 
 copper, $C.50 g 
 open up the 01 
 
 The Nebn 
 eighteen feet 
 hanging wall 
 galena to wk 
 21 ounces sllvi 
 
 The Idahc 
 Development 
 wide between 
 and crops 1 
 croppln^K s 
 gold, 16 ount 
 In the hanRi 
 200 feet of de 
 
 Another 
 runs through 
 feet along th 
 feet of 01 ca 
 11 ounces slH 
 the tunnel Is 
 Nlcol and N 
 
 The rtust 
 Is on a ledge 
 native silver 
 Creek M. M 
 shaft have 
 the Blue Jay 
 Boyd, who h 
 long. The t 
 doch, are pa 
 pings. 
 
 Crossing 
 are four par 
 group of th 
 four-foot le( 
 Phelps has 
 twelve Inche 
 claims, on 
 Seattle Gold 
 and on one 
 four inch ch 
 Ave feet on 
 500 feet. TH 
 on a great 
 as high as 6 
 
 The first 
 and thus dri 
 
 h( 
 
 si 
 
MININO IN THK PACIFU' N'TITII NVK8T. |1 
 
 gold predomlniitlng. The hlRhPHt usnay wnH from tho copper nulphl(Ie» and 
 nhowed 16',a por icnt. < oppt-r. $lfi.So Kold. the rt-mulndcr Hllvcr. 
 
 A contract hfiH bee^i 1<M for 100 feet of croHn-cut tunnel to follow ii feeder 
 and tup the IcdKe at a de;Hh of 220 feet, after runntnK 200 feet. This contract 
 will be completed by May 1, when another will he let for un extension of the 
 croBB-cut to tap the ledRc. The feeder to be followed cropH two IncheH wide 
 where the crosH-cut enterH It and widens to three feet at the point where It 
 enters the ledge, in the llrHt thirty-three feet It widened to elpht Inches of 
 ore BUiM'Hor to that In the main ledge. The company Is ineparlng to erect 
 a comprcHHor plant and power drIllH In the spring. 
 
 The Mine Jay ledge haH been traced < tward, where it widens to sixty 
 feet on the two Oem claims, owned by ('.4,it. Johnson, and on the Blue Jay 
 extension, owned by O. (Jraham, of Anucortes, where a thirty-foot open out 
 and tunnel show It to be well mineralized, with u pay streak' carrying $10 to 
 $19 gold and half tiiat value In silver. Further extensions eastward trace 
 the ledge through the Winnipeg, owned by A. Crunirlne, the two Iron Cross 
 claims of Messrs. Turner and Bull and onward to the Hummlt. >n the west 
 
 extension K. F. Christy, A. H. Murdoch and Buckingham have the 
 
 Gibson and Frank LIghtner the Granite. 
 
 At least five distinct ledges parallel with the Blue Jay have, been traced, 
 some of them to the summit of the Methow Range. On one of these Is the 
 Kmma Lee, owned by S. J. Gray and E. J. Wilder, where It crops fifteen feet 
 wide In a porphyry dlV', and shows three feet oi' solid mineral In a fifty foot 
 open cut and ffunp' 1. The surface ore assayed $14. .V) gold, fi ounces silver, 
 15 per cent. copr.»'. The Mattle Jane, owned by 8. J. Gray and "Bill" Rasnic, 
 and the Iron Crip, by S. J. Gray, adjoin. 
 
 The rhylUs group of three claims on this ledge has been oonded by Andrew 
 Crumrlne, S. J, Gray and L. H. Millard to J. B. Bowles and J. G. Cotton, 
 of Seattle, for development. The ledge crops at least thirty feet wide, show- 
 ing several jiay streaks, and a tunnel 112 feet along it shows a two to seven 
 Inch streak of copper sulphides on the hanging wall assaying 21 per cent, 
 copper, $G.50 gold, 8 ounces sliver. It Is intended to cross-cut at 100 feet and 
 open up the other pay streaks. 
 
 The Nebraska, on the same ledge, is owned by I... H. Millard, and has 
 eighteen feet of mineralized porphyry, with a thlrty-slx foot tunnel on the 
 hanging wall showing a pay streak of copper sulphides, gray copper and 
 galena to widen from four to eight Inches, surface ore assaying $1.25 gold, 
 21 ounces silver. 
 
 The Idaho group of two claims, owned by the Seattle Gold Mining and 
 Development Company, l.s on a parallel ledge of porphyry over fifty feet 
 wide between granite walls, which has been traced to the Sawtooth Range 
 and (^rops In a gulch running to the lake. It Is capped with Iron and the 
 cropplngK show three feet of sulphides and gray copper, assaying $8 to $16 
 gold, 16 ounces silver, 16 per cent, copper. A tunnel has been run seventy feet 
 in the hanging wall, and when It is In 100 feet the ledge will be cross-cut, with 
 200 feet of depth. The Canada, by William Bigger, is on the extension. 
 
 Another mineralized porphyry dike of great width, 1,000 feet northwest, 
 runs through the Moscow, owned by Andrew Crumrlne. An open cut thirty 
 feet along the hanging wall is being extended In a tunnel and shows three 
 feet of oto carrying copper sulphides and peacock copper which assays $8 gold, 
 11 ounces silver, 7 to 11 per cent, copper. The whole ledge Is mineralized and 
 the tunnel is being extend'^d with a view to cross-cutting. A. Crumrlne, J. W. 
 Nicol and N. B. Church have the Silver Bell on the east extension. 
 
 The Buster group of thre<.' claims, owned by H. JI. Hunt and Ole Olsen, 
 Is on a ledge near the head of Fish Creek, carrying pyrites, associated with 
 native silver. On a parallel six-foot ledge of sulphide ore crossing Meadow 
 Creek M. M. Kingman and R. N. Pershall have the Chub, and In a thirty-foot 
 shaft have .shown ore assaying $14 gold, $18 silver. A four-foot ledge crossing 
 the Blue Jay is covered by the Emma group of three claims, owned by Spencer 
 Boyd, who has shown three feet of sulphides in two cuts, ten and twenty feet 
 long. The three Bismarck claims, owned by W. P. Robinson and A. H. Mur- 
 doch, are parallel with the Blue Jay and show copper sulphides in the crop-, 
 pings. 
 
 Crossing Cascade Creek, which empties half a mile below Meadow Creek, 
 are four parallel ledges, on three of which J. Robert Moore has the Cascade 
 group of three claims. T\70 ten-foot luniiels have been run, one showing a 
 four-foot ledge carrying two feet of sulphides mixed with galena. W. H. 
 Phelps has the Iowa on a parallel ledge. In which a forty-foot tunnel shows 
 twelve Inches of ore assaying- $60 gold, 200 ounces silver. The two Silver King 
 claimb, on another ledge cut by Cascade Crock, have been bonded by the 
 Seattle Gold Mining and Development Company. The ledge is ten feet wide 
 and on one side shows Iron and copper sulphides and on the other a twenty- 
 four Inch chute of galena ore, carrying a little copper. A tunnel Is in thirty- 
 flve feet on this ore chute and when extended to 200 feet will give a depth of 
 500 feet. The Elephant and another claim, owned by J. M. Scheuyeaulle, are 
 on a great body of ore 50 to 100 feet wide carrying silver, assays having run 
 as high as 60 ounces. , , , 
 
 The first ore shipped from Lake Chelan had silver for Its principal va. v^- . 
 and thus drew attention from the great ledges of pyrites on the heights. The 
 
82 
 
 MINING IN THK PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 MIN 
 
 Sunday Morning, owned by J. Robert Moore, is on a twelve-inch ledge of 
 quartz croj)ping on the water's edge at the foot of a granite cliff, and a 
 seventy-foot tunnel showed it to widen to five feet, with a v>ay streak carrying 
 galena and ruby silver two to four inches wide. A shipment of 4,600 pounds 
 to the Omaha smelter returned $250 a ton Kro.ss. The tloor of the tunnel is 
 now being lowered three and one- half feet and the ore taken out in doing so 
 is sacked for shipment, the latest assay being 2,005 ounces silver and $71 gold. 
 When this work is completed the tunnr 1 will be extended. Mr. Moore in also 
 driving a tunnel on the Happy Though , adjoining. 
 
 The Little Jap group of four cluims is on ii !< dge of porphyry four feet 
 wide and carrying two inches of high-grade ruby silwr ore, cropping 250 feet 
 above the lake, with a cross ledge of the same width currying iron and copper 
 sulphides. A tunnel thirty-five feet showed the pay streak to widen to four 
 Inches, with iron sulphides of smal value throughout the ledge matter. A 
 cross-cut has been run ttfty-tive feet to lap both ledges at depth. 
 
 On the Hunter group of two claims D. H. Lord and A. W. La Chapelle 
 have a four-foot ledge with a foui-inch .streak of gray copper and ruby silver 
 cropping near the mouth of Cascade Creek. A fifteen-foot tunnel has shown 
 ore assaying 140 ounces silver, Sifi gold. 
 
 The Railroad Creek discoveries show ledges of galena on the summit of 
 the Entiat Range, where this district adjoins Red Hill in the Leavenworth 
 District, the Chiwah and Phelps Creek flowing south from one side and 
 Railroad Creek flowing east from the other. The latter stream has Its source 
 in Red, or Nellie, Lake, and Green, or Jackson, Lake, and makes a leap of 
 1,350 feet at Bv<;echer Palls into Rodgers L;ike, two miles further east. On 
 the summit, near the two former lakes, eighteen miles from Lake Chelan, 
 the Cascade Range Mining Company has the North Star group of eight 
 claims, six on one ledge and two on another, the formation being granite and 
 the course southwest and northeast. The main lodge has a pay streak of 
 fifteen to twenty Indies, assaying 100 to 140 ounces silver and 33 1-3 per cent, 
 lead, shown in tunnels tAventy-five and thirty-three feet long. 
 
 A great deposit of gold-bearing copper ore was discovered in July, 1896, 
 by J. H. Holden, of Seattle. Thi ledge is at least seventy-five feet wide 
 between dlorite w.alls and runs northwest and southeast from the base of 
 Cougar Mountain across Railroad Creek and through Copper and Irene 
 Mountains. The ore body is from thirty to fifty feet wide, containing five 
 distinct streaks of copper and iron sulphides close together, carrying $4 to 
 $.10.20 gold and 2% to 1.S per cent, copper. There are intervening streaks of 
 copper carbonates carrying 19 per cent, copper and $9.50 gold. On this ledge 
 Mr. Holden has the Irene group of three claims, on which he has recently 
 resumed work. 
 
 Ten miles from the mouth of the creek a ledge has bf-.a exposed by a 
 slide in the bed of Wilson Creek between granite walls and shows in the 
 croppings four feet of quartz carrying ant.lmontal silver and fine-grained 
 pyrites. The Seattle Gold Mining and Developirient Company has the Ray- 
 mond, and Marcus Stein has two claims named after himself, from the 
 Hun'aoe of which he took ore assaying high in gold and silver, but he has 
 done no development. 
 
 STEHEKIN DISTBICT. 
 
 With a story of a lost mine dating back to 1880, this district has a mining 
 histor.y beginning in the year 1885. Ifextonds along the summit of the range 
 northward from Cascade Pass and includes the whole watershed of the 
 Stehekln River. Discoveries began on Doubtful .Lake, north oi' the pass, 
 then extended to Horseshoe Basin, then along each side of the Stehekln 
 Canyon, next up Park and Bridge Creeks, flowing from the right, and then 
 up Agnes and Company Creeks on the left. Development has proceeded far 
 enough to prove the presence of smal! ledges of rich ore and large ledges 
 of low-grade ore In clos^e proximity, but hitherto the many handicaps which 
 beser. the progress of a mining camp have prevented any mine frori becoming 
 a producer. Yet the high-grade ore would pay a handsome profit on ship- 
 ment to the smelter. The ore Is of two kinds— one carrying galena, gray 
 conper and sulphides in which silver Is the principal .alue, though there 
 Is a large admlxtti.re of gold; the other carrying iron and copper sulphides 
 nnd^.r the familiar Iron cap, which has heen fouijd a sure sign of a mineral 
 deposit throughout the Cascades, as in the Gold Range, The sulphides are 
 always of low grade, at least on the surface, their value being divided amonn- 
 gold, copper and silver, usually In the order named. While the 8ulphld»>i 
 Iedg<»M are of great size, those carrying mainly sllvrer-lead o'-pn are of no 
 mean proportions, often spreading to a width of ninety feet 'm 1*16 surface 
 TLe ledges near the headwaters of the Stehekln generally . -n from east to 
 west and cleave the granite country rock so strongly t' . ; they can be 
 traced with the eye by the break in the line of the latter on the Jagged 
 summits for mllea. 
 
 The mcpt convenient route to this dHtrlct at present la the most cir- 
 cuitous. Going by the Great Northern train to Wenatchee, 174 niil«a one 
 
 lakes the steamer 
 forty miles, goes b: 
 Ive.ly, and then by 
 the head of Lake <. 
 to ride thirty miles 
 to Doubtful Lake, 
 oft" to Compan.v ar 
 Creeks on the right 
 Seattle & Internal 
 Seattle & Noriherr 
 up the Skagit Vail 
 forty miles, then o' 
 In the one case the < 
 
 On the basin sii 
 Rouse in Septembei 
 black sulphiirets "an 
 feet, while it spreat 
 traced by the red 
 Basin and runs -w« 
 ■where it crops on 
 claims are on tlie 
 quite as clearly tn 
 Lake and I'^lora or 
 claims are now ov 
 Adolph Bebrens, ol 
 120 feet on rhe leds 
 more or less minen 
 On the Doubtful ti 
 iu:;hes of ore which 
 lead, while the rest 
 a six-foot led^',(> asf 
 extenBions or liaral) 
 and George Taylor 
 
 In 1889 and sue 
 traced through to I 
 who found the Quii 
 Pershall, Ed Persl 
 ledges was located, 
 in width from twel 
 on the same ledge 
 have run a tunn.il 
 $3 to $5 gold and 
 Basin, with two 
 W^arrior group and 
 cut tunnel is in 12! 
 first 075 feet furt 
 ledge to be at least 
 tV) ounces sliver aur 
 
 Below the >onf 
 crops twelve feet 
 located across the 
 is on this ledg(: 
 Mav and Mrs lies 
 the ledge, showin 
 700 ounces sliver 
 dump, where it h 
 years, returned $60 
 
 On the same 1 
 and Charles John 
 thirty to flfty feet 
 thirty-foot open ct 
 gray copper, and 
 Vam. under the 
 Iso'etta group, and 
 sions Albert Persl 
 Keller the Viola. 
 Flamingo, owned 
 run up to $3 goifl. 
 same owners have 
 copper, 3 ouncos si 
 Shyall on a ledge 
 10 ounces silver a 
 from eight to flft 
 and his associates 
 high as 'IfjO gold. 
 leago about twent 
 and are owned by 
 
 The Crown Pr 
 others, of Spokan 
 cross-cut :t by tu 
 
 4( 
 
 f 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 takes the steamer City of Elleiisburg up the Colombia to Chelan Falls, 
 forty mili-f, fe'oes bj' stage to Chelan or Lakeside, four or five miles respect- 
 ively, and then by the steamer Stehekln to the postoflflce of Stehekln at 
 the head of I.<ake Chrlan, sixty-eight mlli-t'. There horses can be procured 
 to ride thirty miles over the trail to Horseshoe Basin, or the same distance 
 to Doubtful bake, in each case un the Stehekln River. Trails also branch 
 off to Company and Agnes Creeks on the left and up Bridge and Park 
 Creeks on the risht. A shorter route with a. longer horseback ride is by thq. 
 Seattle & International Railroad to V -"ollny, eighty miles, and by the 
 Seattle & Northern to Hamilton, fourt .. miles, over a good wagon road 
 up the Skagit Valley and six miles be^ 'nd Marble Mount, a distance of 
 forty miles, then over the state trail twenty-five miles to the Cascade Pass. 
 In the one case the distance Is 317 miles, in the other 169 miles. 
 
 On the basin surrounding Doubtful Lake George Ij. Rouse and John C. 
 Rouse in September, 1885, located the Quien Babe on a l«-dge carrying galena, 
 black sulphurcts 'and copper sulphides, its unbroken width being twenty-five 
 feet, while it sprtuids to 150 feet where broken by granite horses. It can be 
 traced by the red iron stain eastward through the sawteeth lo Horneshoe' 
 p.asin and runs -westward through tlie summit into the Cascade District, 
 Ti'here it crops on the Boston, at the side of the Boston GLicier. Two 
 ciaims are on the extensions. On a parallel ledge twenty -feet wide and 
 quite as clearly traceable east and west they took the Doubtfvj! and the 
 Lake and I'^lora on smaller ledges parallel with it. The two Qulen Sabe 
 claims are now owned jointly by the Rouses, C. C. May, of Davenport, 
 Adolph Bebrens, of Seattle, and Harry Frank. They have run a tunnel 
 120 feet on rhe ledge, showing two feet of ore, with the remaining gangue 
 more or less mineralized, but have not cross-cut to find othe»- p.ay streaks. 
 On the Doubtful tunnels have been run 110 and 30 feet, shov ing eighteen 
 inches of ore which averages JIBJO gold, 37.80 ounce.-; silver an<! 44 p^r cent, 
 lead, while the rest of the ledge would pay to concentrate. The Fl-vra has 
 a six-foot ledge assaying $28 gold and 40 ounces silver on the surfaoe. On 
 extensions or isarallel ledges Britanus Stennls has the Sunnysid" and Genne 
 and George Taylor the Gertie. 
 
 In 1889 and succeeding years the Doubtful Lake series of ledges waa 
 traced through to Horseshoe Basin by M. M. Kingman and Albert Pershall, 
 who found the Qulen Sabe ledge cropping in the lower basin, and by Ijloyd 
 Pershall, Ed Pershall and Ed Christy. In the end a series of thirteen 
 ledges was located, cutting across the upper and lower basin and ranging 
 In width from twelve to thirty feet. The Davenport and two otht>r claimB 
 on the same ledge are still owned by Messrs. Kingman and Pershall, who 
 have run a tunnel fifty feet, showing ore which assays 60 to 90 ounces silver, 
 $3 to $5 gold and 40 per cent. lead. The other twelve ledges on Horseshoe 
 Basin, with two claims on each, are known as the Blue Devil and Black 
 Warrior group and are owned by Henry Rustln, of Hazelton, Pa. A cross- 
 cut tunnel is In 125 feet to cross-cut all twelve ledges, and will strike the 
 first 67?; feet further at a depth of 440 feet. Open cuts have shown th* 
 ledge to be at least twenty-five fr-et wide and assays show $4.50 to $7.50 gold 
 iW ounces silver and 14 to 17 per cent, copper. 
 
 Below the confluence of Horseshoe Creek with the Stehekln. a ledge 
 crops twelve feet wide in a gulch on one wall of the canyon and has been 
 located across the river and up the opposite mountain. The laoletta croup 
 Is on this ledge and is being developed by J. D. and R. N. Pershall. C C. 
 Mav and Mrs Hess, of Walla Wallx. A tunnel has been driven 215 feet on 
 the" ledge, showing four and one-hilf feet of pay ore, which a-ssavs 300 to 
 700 ouncep silver and $3 to $7 gold. A shipment of 2,200 pounds from the 
 dump, where it had been exposed to the action of air and water for two 
 years, returned $60 a ton. 
 
 On the same ledge, across the canyon, R. N. Pershall, M. M. Kingman 
 and Charles Johnson have the Homestake and Star, on which it croDS 
 thirty to fifty feet wide, with a body of ore four feet wide shown by a 
 thlrtv-foot open cut. This ore carries chloride and bromide of silver and 
 gray copper, and assays 112 to 400 ounces silver and $15 gold. The Twin 
 Falix, under the falls of Horseshoe Creek, i.s owned in common with the 
 Iso'etta group, and has shown un three f.M^t of gray copper ore. On exten- 
 sions Albert Pershall and M. Ri Kingman have the Christy, and F *' 
 Keller the Viola. The same ledge crops ten to twenty feet wide on the 
 Flamingo, owned by J. M. Scheuyeaulle and others, where assays have 
 run up to $3 gold, 20 ounces silver, 8 per cent, copper. Adjoining thin the 
 same owners have the TiOttle S. or. an eight-foot ledge assaying 9 pei- cent 
 copper, 2 ounces silver, and on Sh; .all Lake Mr. Scheuyeaulle has the Lake 
 Shyall on a ledge r.O to 100 feet wide, c-"' which assays have run S? gold 
 10 ounces silver and as high as 7,") per c-'n";. copper. On a ledge varvln* 
 from eight to fifty feet wide, which cro8'->3 JTla-t Creek, Mr. Soheuyeau'fc 
 and his associates have the Sunset group of three claims, giving nssavs &« 
 high as '$60 gold. The Mountain Sheik and ar tther claim are on a paVall*) 
 ledge about twenty feet wide, as; aylng 15 oiit.oes silver. 10 per cent, copper 
 and are owned by the same parties. 
 
 The Crown Prince and Free Coinage, owned by Cook & Clarke and 
 others, of Spokane, are on a ledge running into a steeT> cliff, and the.v will 
 crosH-cut '.t by tunneling on a stringer, which has already widened from 
 
 
84 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 nine to twenty-llirep inches In a cut of only twenty-eight Inches. The ora 
 is copper sulphidis carrying 31 per cent, copper, $4.85 gold and 3 ounces silver. 
 
 The galena Icdgts plowed down by the glaciers ofHoiseshoe Hasln nave 
 been traced twelve miles eastward to the head of Bridge Creek, twenty- 
 three and one-half miles by trail from Stchekln, but there thev are found 
 parallel or associated with ledger, of pyritic ore in a formation of granite 
 and porphyry. Of the Tiger group of seven claims, owned by K. b. 
 • Ingraham, H. O. Hollenbeck, Van Smith, Professor Piper, Lieorge Voung, 
 H. Willis Carr and othoni, three claims are on a ledge fully Hfty feet wide, 
 running northeast and .southwest n(>ar tho head of the north loik. flie 
 cropplngs show three pay streaks, twenty-four, eighteen and six inches wide, 
 two of them carrying galena, steel galena, gray copper and sulphurets, as 
 shown in a twenty-foot open cut, while a twelve-foot shaft shows the third 
 to change from large galera crystals to sulphides. Assays range from 103 
 to 176 ounces silver and uniformly show about $24 gold. Three other claims 
 are on a parallel ledge five foet wide, in which a twenty-foot tunnel shows 
 a fourteen-inch streak of white iron assaying ?6 gold, $8 silver, besides copper. 
 On two of the claini.s cuts have been made preparatory to tunneling and have 
 shown a quartz gangue, but in the other the gangue is porphyry carrying 
 six inches of cube galena on one wall and a streak of iron sulphides on the 
 other. The remaining claim is on a parallel ledge of hard crystallized quartz 
 about ten feet wide, carrying sulphides, which assay $5 gold and silver on 
 the surface. 
 
 The Minneapolis is held by William Keho and Joseph L/athrop on a ledge 
 of iron and copp< r pyrites cropping fifty feet between walls and carrying 
 mineral tha full width to a value of $18 gold, silver and copper. A cross-cut 
 has been driven forty feet and will top the ledge In another si^ity feot. 
 
 The Defender group of three claims is held by M. A. Allmandinger, 
 Daniel Devore and others on three small ledges, each about two feel wide. 
 The main ledge was supposed to carry ruby silver, but a cut to bo continued 
 by a tunnel showed a two-inch streak carrying gray copper and sulphides, 
 which a.ssayed 100 ounces silver. Another ledge showed four Inches of 
 galena in a twerit.v-foot open cut. 
 
 Among the other leading claims on Bridge Creek are the Mayflower on 
 a thirty-foot h'dge and the East Side on one five feet wide, both owned by 
 William Keho and Henry Quinn. M. Bushman and W. I. Lyle have the 
 Jefferson and Tennessee on parallel ledges about eight feet wide, carrying 
 galena. In the Maple C!"eek Basin John Ferguson has the Prince of Wales 
 on a four-foot ledge carrying eighteen inches of antimoniai and ruby silver, 
 Qllkey & Co., of Edison, having the Lulu on the extension, an assay from 
 which ran $180 gold and silver, while ten other claims trace it across the 
 mountain to Bridge Creek. Gilkey & Co. also have two claims on a four-foot 
 ledge with eighteen Inches of ore which averaged several hundred ounces In 
 silver, and have the Sailor Boy on one thirty inches wide carrying $25 gold, 
 18 ounces silver. At the head of Bridge Creek Is the Gray Eagle on a 
 four-foot ledge assaying 140 ounces silver and $4 gold, the owners belny 
 Rogers & liowe, of Watervllle. Oscar Johnson and Peter Dalberg. 
 
 The great deposits of sulphide ore extending across Company and Agnea 
 Creeks near their sources and tlirough the Intervening ridge were first 
 discovered eight years ago by Peter Goericke, of Conconully, but he strove 
 In vain to find them again on a second trip and nearly lost his life in the 
 attempt. Dennis McDonald and William Stlllwell continued the search and 
 In 1894 discovered s, ledge of iron pyrites sixty feet wide, cut by Company 
 Creek. They located the Well-known group of claims on this and parallel 
 ledges. 
 
 ueven of these claims on one ledge comprise a group which has been 
 acquired by the StehekUi Mining Company. The ledge Is over 100 feet wide 
 In walls of blue porphyry and the center claim is on both sides of the deep 
 canyon of Company Crtek, with perpendicular porphyry walls for over 60« 
 feet, in which a 500-foot tunnel would give 2,500 feet of depth. The ledge is 
 clearly traceable on both these walls and the quartz and schist gangtie is 
 impregnated throughout with Iron and copper pyrites, assaying $2 to $7 
 gold and 2 to 15 per cent, copper. 
 
 The belt was then traced through the mountains from the head of 
 Railroad Creek across Company Creek to the head of Agnes Cfeek. On 
 another iedge, nowhere less than 100 and often 300 feet wide, and on spurs 
 and lesser parallel ledges, J. M. Scheuyeaulle, J. W. Horton, Gus Anderson 
 and J. E, Merrltt have the Goericke group of ten claims, while on a parallel 
 ledge from eight to fifty feet wide tney have three claims. Surface ore on 
 the wider ledge has assayed as high as $45 and on the smaller one as high 
 as $G0 gold, but the assays from these bodies of sulphi<?e ore have generally 
 averaged about $7 gold. As little work has been done, these a-ssays are 
 all of surface ore, and the precedents of other similar districts where depth 
 has bepn galn^'d warrant the belief that higher values will be obtained when 
 work has oeen carried on some distance below the surface. 
 
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METHOW 
 
 «iUNOOAN COUNTY, 
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OKANOGAN COUNTY, 
 WASHINGTON. 
 
 
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 \ ml THC »«Oiri« MORTHWfST 
 
 Index to Numbered Claims, 
 
 Korth of 
 Sann-w Creek. 
 
 1. Liverpool. 
 
 3. London 
 
 5. Oreenga«e. 
 
 4. Black QBoy. 
 
 6. Storm Kins. 
 
 e. Big 4. « 
 
 7. Crystal. 
 
 8. California. 
 
 9. Milly. i 
 10. Seven Up. 
 
 U. Twilight. 
 
 12. Badger. 
 
 13. Lou»e. 
 
 14. (Standard. 
 16. Columbia. 
 
 16. Yaktma. 
 
 17. Hidden ; Treasure. 
 
 18. iSunrise. 
 
 1». Grey Billy. 
 
 ao. Seattle. 
 
 81. Austin burg. 
 
 22. Balance. 
 
 23. Dead iSaot. 
 34. Lookout. 
 
 25. Sailor Boy. 
 
 26. Hunter. 
 
 27. Jefferson. 
 
 28. Washington. 
 
 29. Virginius. 
 
 30. Buckhorn. 
 
 SL Highland Light 
 
 12. Cora. 
 
 23. Irene. 
 
 S4. Chicago. 
 
 26. Just-in-time. 
 
 86. Henrietta. 
 
 37. Philadelphia. 
 
 38. Gold Dollar. 
 89. Mary Ann. 
 
 40. Dry Gulch. 
 
 41. Central. 
 
 42. Podunk, 
 
 43. Old Rye. i 
 
 44. Snow Ball. 
 
 45. Auro"-. 
 
 46. Trilby. 
 
 47. Methow Queen. 
 
 48. Paymaster. 
 
 49. St. George. 
 60. St. Patrick. 
 
 51. Full Moon. 
 
 52. Snowflake. 
 63. Lincoln. 
 54. Voltaire. 
 56. Okanogan. 
 56. Ophir. 
 
 67. Spring. 
 
 68. Grubstake. 
 
 59. Yes I Know. 
 
 60. Jeff Davis. 
 
 61. Eureka. 
 
 62. Spike Team. 
 
 63. CMton. 
 
 64. Small Change. 
 
 65. Drumlummon. ' 
 
 66. Derby. 
 
 67. Elkhorn. 
 
 68. Sicily. 
 
 69. iRansomet. 
 
 70. Golden Eagle. 
 
 71. Homestake. 
 
 72. Golden Chariot. 
 76. Tiger. 
 
 74. Doubtful. 
 
 75. Little Fellow. 
 
 76. Seattle. 
 
 77. Second Thought. 
 
 78. Copper King. 
 
 79. Missing Link. 
 
 80. Inland Light. 
 
 81. Grand View. 
 
 Soath of 
 StinaTr Oreelc. 
 
 1. Tiptop. 
 
 2. Excelsior. 
 
 3. iNip and Tuck. 
 
 4. Mountaineer. 
 
 5. O. K. 
 
 6. 'Alf an* 'alf. 
 
 7. Moonshine. 
 
 8. Ben Hur. 
 
 8. Lily 
 10. Eler 
 U. Cric 
 
 12. IMan 
 
 13. Old 
 
 14. Old 
 
 15. Blac 
 
 16. Blue 
 
 17. Porl 
 
 18. Selk 
 
 19. Orig 
 
 20. 66. 
 
 21. Old 
 
 22. Bon 
 
 23. Mea 
 
 24. Gr< 
 
 26. Heh 
 S». Lasi 
 
 27. Smi 
 
 Metl 
 
 L man 
 
 2. Em< 
 
 3. Met 
 
 4. Yell 
 
 5. Jos( 
 
 6. Las 
 
 7. Cha 
 
 8. Ren 
 
 9. Albi 
 
 10. Sun 
 
 11. Moi 
 
 12. Bos 
 
 13. The 
 
 14. Bevi 
 
 15. We* 
 
 16. Thv 
 
 17. Sun 
 
 18. Tue 
 
 19. Moi 
 
 20. Ber 
 
 21. Par 
 
 22. Pai 
 
 23. Na^ 
 
 24. Sa>; 
 26. Dla 
 
red Claims, Methow District. 
 
 ueen. 
 
 m. 
 
 ,nge. 
 ion. ' 
 
 Lgle. 
 lartot. 
 
 low. 
 
 lovight. 
 
 Ing. 
 
 ink. 
 
 rht. 
 
 sw. 
 
 of 
 reek. 
 
 CHiok. 
 
 >er. 
 
 ilf. 
 i. 
 
 8. Lily. 
 10. Blepliant 
 U. Crlchton. 
 
 12. iMammoth. 
 
 13. Old Man. 
 
 14. Old Woman; 
 
 15. Black Canyon. 
 
 16. Blue and orey. 
 
 17. (Portland. 
 
 18. Selkirk. 
 
 19. Original. 
 
 20. 66. 
 
 21. Old Crow. 
 
 22. Bones. 
 
 23. Meadow LArk. 
 
 24. Grey Bagle. 
 26. Helensburg. 
 
 26. Xast Chance. 
 
 27. Smuggler. 
 
 Eiumt of 
 Methow IUTev> 
 
 L Bluebell. 
 
 2. Bmerald. 
 
 3. Methow Chief. 
 
 4. Yellow Duke, 
 
 5. Josephine. 
 
 6. Ijast Chance. 
 
 7. Charleston. 
 
 8. Reno. 
 
 9. Albert Lea. 
 
 10. Sunny South. 
 
 11. Monte Cristo. 
 
 12. Boston. 
 
 13. Thompson. 
 
 14. Seven Eagles. 
 
 15. Wednesday. 
 
 16. Thursday. 
 
 17. Sunday. 
 
 18. Tuesday. 
 
 19. Monday. 
 
 20. Beno. 
 
 21. Parallel 1. 
 
 22. Parallel 2. 
 
 23. Navarre. 
 
 24. Savage Queen. 
 26. Diamond Flush. 
 
 26. Monitor. 
 
 27. Carnival. 
 
 28. BlsmarcK. 
 n. Blue Grouse. 
 
 30. Friday. 
 
 31. California Boy. 
 
 32. Decoration. 
 
 33. Humboldt. 
 
 34. Ida May. 
 
 36. Cripple Creek. 
 
 36. DryvlUe. 
 
 37. Riverside. 
 
 38. East End. 
 
 39. Blue Rose. 
 
 40. Twins. 
 
 41. Schultz-Chesney. 
 41 Saturday. 
 
 Nortbern 
 Seetton. 
 
 1. iRed Shirt 
 1 Brooklyn L 
 
 <. Pride of the Hills. 
 
 4. Black Warrior. 
 
 5. Crockett. 
 
 6. Mike Maloney. 
 
 7. Silver Bow. 
 
 8 Brother Jack. 
 
 9. Panic. 
 
 10. Safe Deposit. 
 
 11. Spokane. 
 
 12. North Star. 
 
 MoFarlane 
 Creek. 
 
 L Guy. 
 
 2. Bryan. 
 
 8. Damifino. 
 
 4. iBlack Jack. 
 6. Lucky Boy. 
 
 6. Jiunbo. 
 
 7. Tesler. 
 
 8. Western PridA. 
 
 9. Northern Ligrht. 
 
 10. Albion. 
 
/ 
 
 / 
 
 ■">■ 
 
 
 '■J' 
 
 N 
 
 M 
 
 This district 
 
 mining among tl 
 
 properties are o^ 
 
 After suffering t 
 
 dlately following 
 
 an era of steadj 
 
 proof that It is v 
 
 The route froi 
 
 Is over the Great 
 
 City of Ellenabui 
 
 five miles. Then 
 
 the left bank lea 
 
 seven miles furt 
 
 Methow, in the i 
 
 miles has been c 
 
 miles further. A 
 
 the other side of 
 
 The mineral 1 
 
 the Methow flows 
 
 wide, extending 1 
 
 acterlsties are th 
 
 "The country 
 
 cut by dikes of 
 
 mostly strike noi 
 
 few degrees from 
 
 at an angle of abi 
 
 the veins at the 
 
 depth below. Th 
 
 the surface of th 
 
 glacial cement, v 
 
 Is only seen at ] 
 
 backs not coveret 
 
 the dip of the ve 
 
 left hand at an a 
 
 of the belt proper 
 
 are some veins ir 
 
 the north side of 
 
 mile wide, in whi( 
 
 none of whicl) ha 
 
 belt of syenite, ej 
 
 Creeks, in which 
 
 and much riches i 
 
 carrying much m 
 
 main veins, whicl 
 
 nearly six miles i 
 
 seam of diorite po 
 
 sl.oving the diorlt 
 
 occurs In chutes f 
 
 "The charactei 
 
 tlte, filling the cr 
 
 of the different s 
 
 metallic gold Is v« 
 
 ara generally foui 
 
 terlstlcs of the ori 
 
 talllzed, contalnln 
 
 zinc and arsenic 
 
 quite a little copi 
 
 a further sulphui 
 
 position, carrying 
 
 mony, arsenic and 
 
 The first miner 
 
 on Poleplck Mour 
 
 Shirt mine. The 
 
 wide, and a shaft 
 
 at the bottom. T 
 
 Inch ledge, while 
 
 showing Its width 
 
 copper sulphurets 
 
 bought in the sui 
 
 ertfcted a twenty-« 
 
 dump. It crushes 
 
 has also begun a c 
 
 feet, expecting to 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 THE METHOW. 
 
 This district was the first to feel the effect of a revival of interest In 
 mining among the people of Seattle dur'ng the year 1896 and the principal 
 proijerties are owned in that city and being developed by Seattle capital. 
 After suffering the effects of ill-advised ventures during the period imme- 
 diately following the first discoveries, it appears now to have entered upon 
 an era of steady, careful development, and every day's work gives added 
 proof that It is well worth the confidence being shown In it. 
 
 The route from Seattle to the Methow District, like that to Lake Chelan, 
 is over the Great Northern Railroad to Wenatchee, 174 miles, by the steamer 
 City of Ellensburg to Ives Landing at the mouth of the Methow, seventy- 
 five miles. Thence a wagon road runs up each bank of the river, that on 
 the left bank leading to Sliver, twenty-five miles, and i.o the Twisp Ferry, 
 seven miles further, while that on the right bank leads to the town of 
 Methow, in the center of the district, eight miles, and when a gap of six 
 miles has been closed, will extend to the mouth of the Twisp, twenty-five 
 miles further. A stage runs to Methow on the one side and to Silver on 
 the other side of the river. 
 
 The mineral belt through which discoveries extend and through which 
 the Methow fiows, is about twenty-five miles long and at least three miles 
 wide, extending through the foothills on each side of the river. Its char- 
 acteristics are thus described by S. G. Dewsnap, the mining engineer: 
 
 "The country rock of this belt is secondary granite, which is crossed and 
 cut by dikes of bird's-eye porphyry, feldsite porphyry and dlorlte, whioh 
 mostly strike northwest and dip southwest. The vein formation strikes a 
 few degrees from east and .west and dips northerly, cross-cutting the dikes 
 at an angle of about 30 degrees. In many cases the dikes are not broken by 
 the veins at the surface, but are found to have been broken at some little 
 depth below. The cropplngs of the quartz veins are mostly blind, that Is, 
 the surface of the rock formation Is largely covered by soil underlaid bjr 
 glacial cement, which makes prospecting rather difficult, and the bedrock 
 is only seen at points where the dike contacts have left ridges or hogs- 
 backs not covered by detritus. Standing on the footwall and looking down 
 the dip of the veins, the ore Is found in well-defined chutes dipping to the 
 left hand at an angle of 60 to 66 degrees from the plane of the vein. South 
 of the belt proper, in Black Canyon, which runs parallel with Squaw Creek, 
 are some veins in whioh the oxidized iron Is magnetite, not hematite. On 
 the north side of this belt is another of soft feldsite porphyry about half a 
 mile wide. In which a number of locations have been made on quartz veins, .i 
 none of which have been proved by development work. Beyond this is a 
 belt of syenite, extending north on the divide between McFarlane and Gold 
 Creeks, in which are veins carrying a little galena, misplckel and stlbnlte, 
 and much rlche: in silver than the ores of the south belt, some tetrahedrlte 
 carrying much more both of silver and arsenic. The quartz in the three 
 main veins, which form the letter N and have been traced and located for 
 nearly six miles east and west, seems to have followed in Its formation a 
 seam of dlorlte porphvry, which is broken and replaced by quartz, sometimes 
 sliovlng the dlorlte to the hanging wall, sometimes to the footwall. The ore 
 occurs In chutes following the line of breaks in this dlorlte porphyry seam. 
 
 "The characteristic mineral on the surface is a wax-like compact hema- 
 tite, filling the crevices In the quartz, probably arising from the oxidation 
 of the different sorts of pyrites which are found at greater depth. Free 
 metallic gold is very rarely found in the quartz, but fine colors of free gold 
 ara generally found in the hematite Iron of the surface ore. The charac- 
 teristics of the ore in depth, unoxidlzed. are a pyrites, compact, hard, crys- 
 tallized, containing a little gold, a grayer, softer pyrites carrying traces of 
 zinc and arsenic that is rich in gold; a further pyrites mineral carrying 
 quite a little copper; traces of arsenic carrying moderate values In gold; 
 a further sulphuret mineral resembling tetrahedrlte of complicated com- 
 position, carrying considerable silver and gold, with a little bismuth, anti- 
 mony, arsenic and zinc." . , ,, „ 
 
 The first mineral discovery In this belt was made In 1887 by J. M. Burns 
 on Poleplck Mountain, near Silver, and has now developed into the Red 
 Shirt mine. The ledge was cross-cut at VO feet and shown to be five feet 
 wide, and a shaft sunk on It for 150 feet showed five feet ten Inches of ore 
 at the bottom. The cross-cut was extended 210 feet and cut another thirty- 
 Inch ledge, while drifts were Vun 400 feet each way on the main ledge, 
 showing its width to range from four to nix fpet. The ore carries Iron ana 
 copper sulphurets and assays about $20 a ton In gold and sliver. K w"* 
 bought In the summer of 1896 by the Red Shirt Mining Company, which 
 er^'cted a twenty-stanip m'" a«<i began reducing the 1,700 tons »' ore pn the 
 dump. It crushes sixty tons a day and concentrates 33 into 1. The company 
 has also begun a cross-cut 160 feet below the upper tunnel and has run It VK- 
 feet, expecting to tap the ledge In another 200 feet. 
 
 li 
 
 ■MtSMi 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 There are several promising prospiH'ls on the same and parallel ledges. 
 On the Brooklyn, the extension of the Red Shirt, Mr. Burns has sunk a 
 small shaft on the ledge. Frank Benson has sunk fifty feet on the two 
 Pride of the Hill claims, on a parallel ledge, showing four feet of quartz 
 assaying $30 gold. On the Capital, Love Hedge has sunk twenty feet, 
 showing a five-foot ledge. 
 
 The next discovery near the Red Shirt was made In 1890 by Mrs. M. 
 Lelser and is now owned by J. S. Cro<:kett. who has extended the forty-foot 
 tunnel run by the former owners and shown up a ledge of quartz and 
 crystallized lime carrying a good value in gold and si'ver. Then followed 
 the discovery of the Black Warrior, also owned by Mr. Crockett, where a 
 small shaft shows eight feet of pyritlc ore between walls of dlorlte. Several 
 adjoining claims have good surface showings, but, the extent and value of 
 the ledges Is not apparent for lack of development. Among these are the 
 Mike Maloney, by W. H. I-illcy and O. S. Booth; the Silver Bow, by James 
 McCann and Sims Connelly; the Brother Jack, on an iron cap assaying 
 $20 gold on the surface, and the Panic on a parallel ledge, both owned by 
 Charles Klemmo and J. J. Snyder. 
 
 Five miles northwest of the Red Shirt, at the head of Bear Creek and 
 Pipestone Canyon, near Winthrop, Is the Safe Deposit group of four claims, 
 owned by the Safe Deposit Mining and Milling Company. The ledge runs 
 north and south and, as the property Is due north of the Red Shirt, la 
 believed to be an extension of that ledge. The gangue Is quartz and the 
 mineral is copper pyrites carrying gold and silver, between walls of por- 
 phyry and granite. Assays range from $7 to $14 and the ore will concentrate 
 30 Into 1. A twenty-foot shaft is down on one claim and on another Is one 
 of sixty feet, which is being continued with a double shift, each showing 
 the ledge to range from three to thirteen feet and the ore to Increase In 
 value with depth. When the course and pitch has been defined, u cross-cut 
 will be run 200 feet to tap the ledge at a depth of 240 feet. The company is 
 negotiating with the Red Shirt Comi)any to concentrate fifty tons ,of ore a 
 day at Its mill, a wagon road within half a mile of the property making 
 transportation easy. 
 
 It was not till 1892 that discoveries extended southeastward to Squaw 
 Creek, where J. W. Draa and Nels Johnson made the first discoveries, but 
 so broad a belt of mineral was soon revealed in that vicinity that it became 
 the center of Interebt and has since remained so, except for a lull during 
 the year 1895. The principal ledges were first found cropping on Johnson 
 Mountain, on the left bank of Squaw Creek, but they have now been traced 
 across the Methow almost to its mouth and over the mountains to Gold and 
 McFarlane Creeks in one direction and to Black Canyon in the other. The 
 three main ledges are those already described as forming the letter N, But 
 they are paralleled by a number of others and Intersected by several cross 
 ledges; showing the whole country to be veined with mineral-bearing rock. 
 
 The greatest depth so far attained in this part of the district is on the 
 Highland Ught, owned by the Highland Light Gold Mining Company. This 
 is on one of the main ledges crcpning near the summit of Jolinson Mountain 
 and has been developed by a shaft 140 feet deep, which cuts through an ore 
 chute dipping towards it from the west iind remained in it for the first fifty 
 feet. A drift was run twenty feet at the twenty-five foot level and the ore 
 above stoped out. Another drift was run forty-five feet at the fifty-foot 
 level and from it some stoping has been done on an ore chute cropping east 
 of the shaft, which ran $92 for all values. A drift was run fifteen feet to 
 the east at the 100-foot level, showing thirty inches of similar orei At the 
 bottom of the shaft drifts were run sixty feet to the west and forty feet to 
 the east. The west drift cut the ore chute through which the shaft was 
 sunk and defined It as three feet wide and carrying ore worth about $45. 
 There are 400 tons of ore of all grades on the dump, which is being reserved 
 for local treatment, either in the existing five-stamp mill on Squaw Creek 
 or by some other approved process. While much of the ore la rich enough 
 to pay for shipment to the smelter, it is essentially concentrating ore and 
 can he more economically reduced on the ground. 
 
 The property showing the next largest amount of development, although 
 work han been suspended during the winter. Is the Friday group of five 
 claims, on the left ban of the Methow, owned by the Friday Gold Mining 
 Company. At a point on the mountain side 225 feet above the river a tunnel 
 no feet long taps the ledge, with drifts sixty-five feet to the east and fortv- 
 three feet to the west, the former showing the width to be ten feet the 
 latter twenty-two feet between walls. The ore Is better where the ledge is 
 narrower. The main station Is at the Inner end of the tunnel and from it 
 a double compartment shaft has been sunk eighty-four feet The ledge has 
 been cross-cut at the bottom of this shaft and is twelve feet wide and drifts 
 extend fifty-eight feet to the east, forty-three feet to the west the west 
 drift shov/lng fourteen feet of well-mlnerallzed quartz, with lenses of hlirh- 
 grade .-julphuret ore. Ten tons of this ore shipped to the Everett smelter 
 recently yielded $70 a ton. Above the main station are two stopes each 
 34x18 feet, exposing ten feet of solid ore of varying quality, a shaft extending 
 from them to the open air. The ore is mainly iron pyrites, chalcopyrito 
 andmlBplekei, witli rare bits, of .zinc, blende., In AU,.sixty-two„and one-half 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWKST. 
 
 8T 
 
 **"?ni*'.°''® ^^^^ ''^?? Shipped, returning an average of about $80, and assays 
 of $9( have been obtained frequently, |140 repeatedly and $406 oecaslonally. 
 Ihe ore Is essentially a gold ore, carrying from a trace to six ounces of silver 
 and as hlgli as 2 per cent, copper. There Is a large quantity of ore on the 
 dump, which is to be reduced by a stamp mill and concentrator to be erected 
 this season. rhe ledge Is tapped by a seventy-ttve foot tunnel on another 
 claim and a drift has been run thirty feet to the west, showing good ore. 
 On a third claim a ninety-foot shaft shows good prospects 
 
 On the Friday ledge on the west la the Diamond Queen group of two 
 claims on a bluff overlooking the river, owned by the Diamond Queen Gold 
 Mining Company. Two tunnels have been driven on the ledge, one sixty 
 feet showing It six feet wide and the other fifty feet at a point 300 feet lower, 
 which will In twenty-live feet more cut an ore chute cropping on the surface. 
 The ledge Is well defined for 1,400 feet on the surface. An assay from crop- 
 plngs of the ore chute returned gold $10.80, silver 61 cents, and assays from 
 the upper tunnel ran $3.65 to $32.70 gold. 
 
 Beyond this group and on the same side of the river is the Emerald group 
 of three claims, owned by the Emerald Mining and Milling Company. The 
 ledge crops five and one-half feet wide between granite walls and has been 
 traced for 3,000 Jeet. A sixty-foot tunnel, attaining a depth of sixty feet, 
 shows it to widen to nine and one-half feet, with a thirty-inch pay streak. 
 The surface ore as.sayed $25 gold, silver and copper, while samples taksn from 
 the face of the tunnel at fifty-three feet assayed $122 and $157, the ledge 
 matter outside of the pay streak being mineralized to the value of about $10. 
 A contract has been let for a 200-foot tunnel, 300 feet below the upper tunnel, 
 to be used as a working tunnel, and is being continued day and night. 
 
 Another property which has shown up well for a large amount of develop- 
 ment Is the Hidden Treasure, adjoining the Highland liight, owned by the 
 Hidden Treasure Gold Mining Company. An upper tunnel has been run 
 200 feet, gaining 120 feet In depth, and has cut ore chutes sixty-five, thirty- 
 five and twenty-five feet long respectively, being now in the fourth, which 
 shows thirteen Inches of ore. A second tunnel fifty feet below has been 
 driven 115 feet through good concentrating ore and Is now In the main ore 
 chute, carrying twenty-six Inches of high-grade ore. One shipment of seven 
 tons of $70 ore was made last season and there are 100 tons of $30 ore on the 
 dump. The company has built a wooden tramway down the mountain from 
 the rnine to the road, down which ore will be transported by gravity. 
 
 Another well-developed property is the Okanogan, one of the pioneer 
 locations on Johnson Mountain, owned by the Okanogan Mining Company. 
 A prospecting tunnel was first driven fifty feet on the ledge and a new 
 tunnel was then started forty feet below. This is now in 165 feet, showing 
 six feet nine inches between the wahs, with twenty-six Inches of copper 
 sulphides at the 111-foot mark. A winze Is being sunk from the face of this 
 tunnel and is now down fifty feet, giving 130 feet of depth below the surface. 
 The winze is now running through an ore chute three feet wide, assays of 
 which run from $20 to $28 gold, and assays generally have ranged from 
 $10 to $97. 
 
 The Hunter, the first location on Johnson Mountain, has also shown well 
 under development, and has been bonded with two other claims for $10,000 
 to F. S. Mack, of New York, A tunnel has been run 200 feet on the ledge, 
 gaining a depth of sixty feet and showing nine feet four Inches of quartz 
 carrying copper sulphides between perfect walls. The value averages from 
 $16 to $20 gold and 8 to 12 per cent, copper. 
 
 The Methow Mining Company has the Washington group of seven claims, 
 all but one of which are adjoining. Three of these are on the Hunter ledge, 
 which Is shown to be six to six and one-half feet wide in an open cut fifteen 
 feet long and ten feet deep on one claim; four and one-half feet wide In a 
 twelve-foot shaft on another, showing oxidized and decomposed quartz, and 
 from four to four and one-half feet In the third, wh?re It is well mineralized 
 with copper sulphides on the surface and where two stringers rurv Into It. 
 Another claim Is on a stringer three to eighteen Inches wide, carrying high- 
 grade ore with free gold often showing, and yet another has a ledge seven 
 to ten feet wide cropping the entire length, though quite undeveloped. The 
 last claim of the. group Is the Bill Nye, and, although three miles west of 
 the others. Is probably on an extension of one of the main ledges, showing 
 five feet of similar quartz, partially decomposed, in a fifteen-foot shaft. 
 
 The Gray Eagle group of three claims, owned by Fischer Brothers, of 
 Seattle, has made a good showing, being rn the Friday ledge. A shaft has 
 been 'umk 140 feet, with a drift at the fitty-foot level driven 100 feet west 
 and ten feet east, with a stope twenty-seven feet high on the west drift. 
 At the 100-foot level there Is a drift seventy-three feet to the west with an 
 upraise of eighty-nine feet. All this work shows a vein from four to eight 
 feet, with a dlorite dike shoving It first to one wall, then to the other. 
 Several oar-load shipments of high-grade ore have been made and about 
 200 tons are on the dump. ■■ ,. t « 
 
 Adjoining the Gray Eagle group Is the Last Chance, owned by J. «• 
 Esmond and Edward L. Enael, on a well-defined ledge three and one-half 
 feet wide with talc gouge on the walls," wWch- are rt?o' ♦♦e-and ^btrdS8««ye 
 porphyry. A tunnel was run forty-five feet on the ledge by the tormer 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 bers have run 
 
 traced across 
 
 sroup of three 
 
 owners, who sloped out the ore above and shipped three car loads to the 
 Everett smelter, netting $39 pold and a little silver. A shaft was sunk nrteen 
 feet from the tunnel, showing sixteen Inches of ore all the way, wMcn 
 assayed $31 gold and a little silver. . , . „ , 
 
 The Hunter ledge also shows up well on the Sailor Boy, on which NelB 
 Johnson and Alexander McKlnnon have sunk sixteen and twenty-foot shafts 
 along the foot wall, showing four feet of good oxidized ore: on the Tjookout, 
 where John Summers and Thomas McLaughlin have sunk sixty feet; the 
 California, where Andrew O'Malley. Richard Malone and William O Nell 
 have run a twenty-foot cross-cut; the Mills, where A. li. Johnson, S. P. 
 Richardson and William Gogglns sunk Inclines Hfty feet and eighteen 
 Heet. showing the ledge to be at least six feet wide, and making a ship- 
 ment, which returned t?,l'. on the Crown Point, owned bv A. McKlnnon; 
 on the Kadc.er and Its exteiiriion where I^loyd Pershall and 
 a tlfty-foot tunnel and sunk twenty fe< t. The ledge was t' 
 the river and Me.^srs. Joh,ison and D-aa located the Joseph' 
 claims In that direction.. 
 
 The Standard and an extension, both on the Highland lAaht ledge, owned 
 by the Standard Gold Mining and Milling Company, have the ledge shown 
 four to four and one-half feet wide where it has been stripped for twenty to 
 thirty feet. There Is ten to fourteen Inches of ore, average samples of which 
 assayed $38.60 gold and a little sliver. Judging from adjoining properties, 
 there Is probably 5 per cent, copper. The company will tunnel on the ledge 
 and by driving for 1,000 feet will gain 700 feet In depth. 
 
 Among the other properties on the Highland Light ledge, v/hlch forms 
 the OSS stroke of the letter N described by the three main ledges of John- 
 son Mountain, are the Columbia, owned by the Cable Mining Company, 
 where It crops fourteen feet wide and carries some free gold on the surface; 
 the Big Fraction, owned by John and Frank Welsh and others. The Gray 
 Eagle ledge is the southern parallel stroke of the N and has been traced 
 onward across the river through the Diamond Queen and Friday groups. 
 
 On extensions are the California Boy and Decoration, by C. li. Martin; 
 the Humboldt, by Daniel Murray; the Ida May, by Daniel Murray and 
 Harry Hayward, and the Cripple Creek. To the west the same ledge was 
 extended by the location of the Mountain Lily group of five claims, owned 
 by T. W. Robinson and J. R. Esmond. On this group a shaft is down nlnety- 
 Hve fe't. with a fourteen-foot drift at the bottom, cross-cuts have been run 
 fifty and thirty feet, defining the ledge to be four feet ten Inches to seven 
 feet wide, and an elgbteen-foot shaft has been sunk. 
 
 On a parallel ledge to the north are the Parallel group of two claims, 
 owned by C. R. Martin. Thomas Warren and A. F. Burleigh; the Reno 
 fraction, by C. R. Martin; the Monday, by Charles Durr and Chris Stll- 
 recht, and the Tuesday group of three claims, owned by the Tuesday Gold 
 Mining Company. This ledge h.TS so far been merely nro3j)ected, the most 
 work being on the Tufsday group, and has been defined to a width langing 
 from -two to seven feet. The Tuesday Company has sunk sixteen feet on 
 the footwnll, with ore the full width and no hanging wall In sight, and has 
 defined the ledge by a ten-foot shaft in another place. Assays range from 
 $58 gold \!pwards. Beyond these is the Riverside group of three claims, near 
 the wagon road, owned by the Riverside Gold Mining Company, where the 
 ledge shows four feet wide In a fourteen-foot shaft, with sixteen Inches of 
 pay ore. while the whole ledge assays $13 gold and silver. 
 
 Parallel with the Friday ledge the Ben Lummon Gold Mining and Milling 
 Company has a claim on a four-foot l^dge, and on the opposite side of the 
 river, below the Gray Kagle, has two other claims on twin ledges, each six 
 feet wide, with five and one-half feet of black slate between them and with 
 porphyry walls. The ore Is similar to the Gray Eagle and assays $15 to $18 
 gold on the surface. These three compose the Ben Lummon group. 
 
 Among other propertlfs on parallel ledges showing well or development 
 Is the Ocean Wave, owned by Jacob Durr's heirs, L. W. Barton and Lee 
 Bowen, where a seventv-foot shaft shows a six-foot ledge, on which another 
 shaft Is down twenty feet and several open cuts have been made. On the 
 Chicago Andrew O'Malley and William O'Nell have stripped an elghteen- 
 Inch ledfTP for 300 feet and sunk eighteen feet, showing ore which averages 
 about $100. three tons having returned $57.49 over freight and treatment. 
 One of the famous pioneer claims is the Paymaster, adjoining Methow town, 
 on wMch Claude and Burrell Johnson ran ti'nnels 235 and 65 feet and sank a 
 shaft 106 feet, showing forty inches of ore which assayed $23 to J!60. On this 
 ledge J. M. Scheuyeaulle has the St. Patrick, In which thirty feet of work 
 has shown three feet of ore assaying as high as $187 gold. On the Yes or No 
 Melton Woods and P. H. Farley have shown three feet of ore In a fifteen-foot 
 shaft. On the north side of Johnson Mountain Nels Johnson has sunk a 
 ninety-foot shaft on the London, showing a ten-foot ledge, and J. R. Esmond 
 has sunk a shaft on a parallel ledge six feet wide running high In copper 
 sulphides. 
 
 The Just In Time group of two claims on Johnson Mountain Is owned by 
 the Just Gold Mining Company and has a tunnel 108 feet, showing up the 
 ledge from five to six feet without the footwall. the ore assaying $24.40 gold. 
 Another tunnel fifty feet higher taps a parallel ledge three to four feet. 
 
MINTNO IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 The company is drifting west on tlie iower tunnei to locate -an ore chute 
 which appears to be about forty feet west, then will tuntiel further down the 
 mountain and cut the ore chutes to a depth of 400 feet. 
 
 On Blue Rose Mountain, directly acrosH the river from the Friday, the 
 'Sque.w Creek Mining Company has elRht claims, commonly called the Schulz 
 and Chesney yroup, after their locators. They are on a series of parallel 
 ledges ranging from four to six feet wide, shown In a number of small shafts 
 and open cuts-, and carrying pay streaks of galena, gray copper and azurlte, 
 assaying 40 ounces and upwards In silver. A forty-foot tunnel has shown 
 up ore carrying $60 to $70 gold, and development is now In progress on a ledge 
 which has widened to twenty feet and carries leiitleular bodies and pockets 
 of copper pyrites and gray copper, often of high grade, besides large bodies 
 of concentrating ore. 
 
 On the same series of ledges A. J. Dexter has the Blue Rose; R. S. Ells 
 the Montana; William Noble und J. M. Sparkman the Overlook; Fred Sim- 
 mons and George Gates the Idaho; E. A. Sartor the Lizzie; Fred Simmons 
 and R. S. Ells the Ninety-five; Fred Simmons the Lone Star; Fred Simmons 
 and Michael Long the Major and Summit; Rev. Mr. Thomas the Annie. 
 
 On Treasure Mountain Is the Nip and Tuck group of four claims, owned 
 by the Treasure Mountain Mining Company, of Seattle. A tunnel forty feet 
 and another elghty-flvo feet at a point fifty-five feet below are on the middle 
 one of three veins into which the ledge has split, and showed from three to 
 twenty-five inches of ore. thirty tons of which reduced at the Squaw Creel' 
 mill was worth |16gold. It is intended to cross-cut for the other two vtins Intu 
 which the ledge has split. Lee Ives and others have the Excelsior on the 
 same ledge and have sunk twelve feet, showing it to be twelve feet between 
 walls, with a number of stringers, the pay ore assaying $23.50 gold, $6 sliver. 
 
 On Gold Point Hill, two miles west of Methow. Alexander McNeil and 
 M. M, Kingman have the Larsen group of four claims on two ledges. One 
 of these shows forty inches wide in a double compartment shaft forty-five 
 feet deep, ore from which assayed $22 to $78. On the other ledge a fifteen-foot 
 shaft shows sixteen to twenty-four Inches of ore assaying $25 to $60. On the 
 two White Elephant claims M. M. Kingman and R. N. Pershall have run 
 a 100-foot tunnel on a five-foot ledge. Mr. McNeil has also the Chippewa 
 group of three claims, two on a four-foot ledge on which he hts sunk ten 
 feet and the third on one five feet wide, shown by a similar shaft. The two 
 Sacramento claims of C. J. Ogden and W. A. Bollinger are on a three and 
 one-half foot ledge, showing In a twenty-foot shaft. 
 
 The most recent developments are on McFarlane and Gold Creeks, to 
 the west of Squaw Creek, and good ore bodies are being shown up. On the 
 Black Jack S. G. Dewsnap has run a tunnel 150 feet and has cross-cut from 
 footwall to hanging wall, showing four feet of quartz well mineralized with 
 ^old. silver and copper for its whole width. The Damfino has a sixty-foot 
 tunnel showing fort ylnches of similar ore. On the Parallel a forty-foot 
 tunnel showing forty Inches of similar ore. The Catherine, on McFarlane 
 Creek, makes a good showing on an eight-foot ledge. The O^lbla, on the 
 Gold Creek Divide, shows up six feet of copper and gold ore. On the Oregon 
 «roup, on the south fork of Gold Creek, an incline shaft is down fifty feet, 
 showing five feet of arsenical iron ore, which carries $10 to $40 gold. On the 
 north fork of Gold Creek a number of discoveries have been made and 
 development Is being carried on with very encouraging results. On the 
 North Star a ninety-foot shaft shows the pay streak to widen from two 
 Indhes to four feet, surface ore assaving $20 gold, 234 ounces silver. 
 
 That the same mineral belt extends through the Methow foothills far up 
 the river is shown by the discoveries in the Spokane mine at the mouth ot 
 the Twisp, owned by Morgan, Nichols & Co., of Minneapolis, who are actively 
 developing It. The ledge is between four and five teet, between walls of 
 porphyry, and runs northwest and southeast nearly perpendicular, with a 
 slight pitch to the west. Prospecting was begun with a shaft sunk forty- 
 feet, showing ore all the way and a widening ledge. A tunnel was then run 
 above the top of the shaft, which was covered up, and is now in eighty feet. 
 A drift is being run lOh feet lower and will be used as a working tunnel, 
 from which an upraise will be made for a shaft. The work so far has shown 
 twentv-four to thirty inches of solid mineral on the footwall, sometimes 
 crossihg to the hanging wall. The pay streak carries about $50 gold and 
 silver and the whole ledge carries good value. It is proposed to erect a 
 matting plant on the ground this season. ^ ^, ^ 
 
 Development in the Methow District would probably have proceeded 
 much faster but for the ill-effects of some early experiments in the treat- 
 ment of the ore. Some slight showings of free gold on. the surface led the 
 prospectors to the erroneous conclusion that it was a free gold belt and 
 they proceeded on that assumption. A five-stamp jnill with one concen- 
 trator was erected on Squaw cfreek and two arrastres were built. Twelve 
 tons of Paymaster ore rUn through the stamp mill barely paid expenses. 
 and fortv-flve tons milled at Charles Austinburg's arrastre sent down tail- 
 ings which assayed $45, assays of the ore having ranged from $23 to $60. 
 The arrastres are now abandoned and the stamp mill has been bought by 
 J. A. James, of Seattle, who contemplates some Improvements with a view 
 to doing a customs business. Experiments are, however, being made with 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 a view to the adoption of the cyanide o' some other leeching process, and 
 some such mothod will be adopted where the percentage of copper does not 
 run too hiKh. The country rock of the district Is ordinarily ho hard that 
 tunneling costs $10 to |12 per foot and shafting by contract costs $16 per foot 
 down to the 150-foot level. While the ore Is rich enough to pay a good profit 
 over cost of mining, freight and treatment, much better results can be ob- 
 tained by the erection of a reduction plant on the ground, and the question 
 ns to the best process now occupies the minds of mining men. The small 
 proportion of free gold Is In extremely minute particles, rendering amalga- 
 mation not worth while, except In connection with concentrators, and the 
 values are mainly In aulphurets. The percentage of copper ranges from 2 to 
 13 per cent., and where It does not exceed the former figure and the action 
 of the solution Is not hampered by other Ingredients, the cyanide procesB 
 may be successful. However, experiment will settle this question, and. now 
 that the mining men have become aroused to the fact that the problem Is 
 not to find the gold-bearing rock, but to extract the gold after they hare 
 found It. ultimate success Is assured. 
 
 THE TWISP. 
 
 While the llrst mineral discoveries on the ueadwaters of the Twlsp River 
 were made jis long ago as 1884, general prospecting has only set in within 
 the last two years, and the last flock of prospectors has defined the character 
 of the country's mineral. Development began in earnest last year and will 
 bo continued with vigor during the coming summer, a large numbei* of Spo- 
 kane citizens having taken interests there. 
 
 The country formation Is granite, as In other sections of the CascadeB, 
 and is broken by numerous dikes of porphyry. The ledges have assumed 
 a reddish hue from oxidation, which makes them easily traceable, and carry 
 free gold on the surface In most instances, though the change to sulphurets 
 is already becoming apparent in the limited amount of development so far 
 done. Towards the headwaters of the Twlsp and on the Twlsp Pass the 
 ore Is sulphide, rich in copper, and having the same characteristics as the 
 older and more developed sulphide ore belts. 
 
 There are two routes to this district from Seattle. One Is by the Great 
 Northern Railroad to Wenatchee, 174 miles; by the steamer City of Ellens- 
 burg on the Columbia River to Ives, seventy-five miles; on horseback over 
 a wagon road up the loft bank of the Methow to Twlsp, thirty-three miles; 
 on horseback over the state trail to Gilbert's Camp on North Creek, twenty- 
 four miles, and onward to the Twlsp Pass, six miles further. The legislature 
 has appropriated funds for the widening of the trail up the Twlsp Into a 
 wagon road this season, a change which will greatly aid development. 
 
 The first discoveries wore made in 1884 by E. W. Lockwood, of Wenatchee, 
 Ed Shackleford and H. M. Cooper, who located what Is now the Washington, 
 but despairing of success on account of the remoteness of the district, aban- 
 doned It. They then went to the lake forming the source of North Creek 
 and made a discovery there, but made no location. 
 
 .Tohn Gillihan was the next prospector to penetrate the district and In 
 1892 he located the Oregonlan group of eight claims. In company with F. S. 
 San ford iind James CSaston. This group is at the head of North Creek, 
 near the glaciers which feed that stream, the walls being usually of por- 
 phyry. One ledge crops two to four feet wide for 800 feet. A twenty-foot 
 shaft shows another four feet wide, traceable for 1,500 feet and carrying 
 ore which assays $60 to $600 gold. Another has been traced for the same 
 distance to a width of twelve feet and in an eighteen-foot tunnel shows ore 
 assaying $11 to $114 gold. On another, which la held Under two claims, a 
 shaft twenty-five feet deep has shown three feet of ore carrying $16 gold. 
 Another has been traced the whole length of two claims and Is six feet 
 wide, a ten-foot shaft and twenty-foot tunnel showing ore which assays 
 $16 to $4.1. An assay from an average sample of the whole group showed 
 $27.50 gold. 
 
 The next location was the Derby, by P. B. Shonafelt and R. P. Dolsen, 
 who have bonded It for $10,000 to Franli Rosenhaupt, of Spokane. The ledffe 
 crops near the Oregonlan twelve feet wide and In a sixty-foot shaft and 
 forty-foot tunnel shows quartz carrying $8 to $10 gold throughout, with a pay 
 streak of eight to twenty-two Inches on the hanging wall carrying $100 srld 
 and upwards. 
 
 In the summer of 1895 discoveries extended from North and South Creeks 
 up the Twisp to the summit of the pass, and In 1896 development was In- 
 augurated. On Gilbert Mountain were found eight parallel ledges, on which 
 al^cjut thirty locatl-na have been made, while the same belt has been traced 
 acroKs North Creek to Clark's Mountain. On Goat Park Mountain are two 
 great main ledges with many cross ledges. 
 
 On Gilbert Mountain the pioneer claim Is the Mountain Goat, owned by 
 P. Gilbert, A. Raub, Uelson Clark. Henry Piummer, George Wltte and 
 Frank Tbompeon* It has two ledges five and three and one-half feet wide, 
 
 one of tl 
 
 standing 
 
 has show 
 
 surface a 
 
 On th 
 
 and Milli 
 
 through i 
 
 ledges ri 
 
 Mountain 
 
 ore assay 
 
 phurets I 
 
 extension 
 
 On th 
 
 has a fiv 
 
 mineraliz 
 
 dated Tw 
 
 ledge sho 
 
 $13 free g 
 
 tunnel ra 
 
 feet of w 
 
 la held b 
 
 showing f 
 
 The tl 
 
 of granit* 
 
 have beei 
 
 for a tote 
 
 Quartz ca 
 
 runs into 
 
 besides gc 
 
 The O 
 
 four clain 
 
 three and 
 
 showed te 
 
 mill test 
 
 sulphides, 
 
 defines its 
 
 On the 
 
 Company 
 
 One claim 
 
 others are 
 
 which an 
 
 a nlne-foc 
 
 gold, sllvt 
 Igh in g( 
 from' $4.1J0 
 On Bei 
 Johnson _ 
 of copper 
 claims on 
 and C. F. 
 gold with 
 On the 
 and R. A. 
 Commerce 
 the Daisy 
 P. P.- Yoi 
 brown anc 
 appears to 
 Abernethy 
 ford have 
 Frank hav 
 Abernethy 
 of solid or 
 with two 1 
 a three-fo( 
 on an Iroi 
 ore. On > 
 and Samu< 
 On the 
 has three » 
 of porphyi 
 Ing on the 
 Adjolnl 
 owned by 
 cropping { 
 tunnel on 
 eight-foot 
 from a tre 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 one of them with a cropping so stronp that It wan visible a mile distant, 
 standing twelve ft-et high In a perpenalcular cIlfT, and a fifteen-foot tunnel 
 has shown three feet of free mllllnK ore similar to that of the Derby. Four 
 Burfuce assays showed from $95 to J387 gold. 
 
 On the same belt Is the HIg Eight group, owned by the Big Eight Mining 
 and Milling Company, on which the two main Mountain Goat lodges run 
 through three claims from base to summit of the mountain and eight parallel 
 ledges run through the whole group. A fifty-foot tunnel on one of the 
 Mountain Goat ledges shows It well mineralized throughout, with surface 
 ore assaying from $27 to $280. The surface ore shows free gold, but the sul- 
 phurets Incroase with depth. A contract will be let this spring for an 
 extension of the tunnel. 
 
 On this belt the Washington, owned by Nelson Clark and R. J. Danson, 
 has a five-foot ledge, which a twenty-foot tunnel shows to be fairly well 
 mineralized. The Portland group of seven claims, owned by the Consoli- 
 dated Twlsp Mining and Milling Company, has three claims on a six-foot 
 ledge shown by a fifty-foot tunnel, and two on cross ledges. The ore larrlea 
 113 free gold throughout, though two assays made of the drillings from the 
 tunnel ran $1,500 and $1,900. On another ledge a ten-foot tunnel shows six 
 feet of well-mlnerallzed quartz. The Mobile, on the Mountain Goat ledge, 
 Is held by P. B. Shonnfelt and R. P. Dolsen and has a iwenty-foot cut 
 ■bowing a good pay streak. 
 
 The three great ledges on Goat Park Mountain cop out between walls 
 of granite and gneiss on the side of a deep gulch on the north slope, and 
 have been traced down the face of the mountain and jp over Its summit 
 for a total distance of 12,000 feet. On the surface they si.ow red oxidized 
 auartz carrying free gold, but at two to ten feet below the surface the ore 
 runs Into copper and Iron sulphides. Surface ore assays from K to $88 gold, 
 besides good copper values. 
 
 The Orient Gold Mining and Milling Company has the Orient group of 
 four claims on two of these ledges, which crop 250 feet apart, one thirty- 
 three and the other twenty feet wide. A surface cross-cut twenty feet long 
 Bbowed ten feet of ore In one of these, carrying free gold and sulphides, a 
 mill test giving $15 gold. A cross ledge seven feet wide, carrying copper 
 sulphides, has been shown by a fifteen-foot cut, and a cut on the other ledge 
 defines its width as twenty feet. 
 
 On the same series of ledges the Ben Lummon Gold Mining and Milling 
 Company has six claims, on which It will begin development this spring. 
 One claim has three ledges six to twelve feet wide of gold d copper; two 
 others are on a ledge carrying gold and silver, and thoroi.o ily mineralized, 
 which an open cross-cut defines to a width of seven feet; the fourth is on 
 a nine- foot ledge of similar ore; a fifth as a sixteen-foot ledge carrying 
 old, sliver and copper, which on an adjoining claim carries ore assaying 
 jlgh in gold and silver; the sixth claim is on a seven-toot 'edge carrying 
 from" $4.1)0 to $37 gold and a small percentage of copper. 
 
 On Bear Creek, at the foot of this mountain, E. W. Lockwood, O. D. 
 Johnson and F. M. Scheble have the Cumberland on a sixteen-foot ledge 
 of copper sulphide ore. J. H. Shepard has the Crown Prince group of four 
 claims on a four-foot ledge, and George and Edward Witte, Henry Ramm 
 and C. F. Wilke have the Marshal Ney on a four-foot ledge showing free 
 gold with black suiphurets and iron and copper sulphides. 
 
 On the Lone Star and Cathedral, on Clark's Mountain, J. H. Shepard 
 and R. A. Lee have a ledge four to six feet wide, and on the Chamber of 
 Commerce and Jennie Lee they have one of about the same size, while In 
 the Daisy they have a good showing of gray copper. On the White Bear 
 P. P- Young, Bert Young and W. C. Campbell have a two-foot ledge of 
 brown and white quartz showing sulphides, with a two-Inch streak of what 
 appears to be crystallized lead. On the Chamber of Commerce ledge Elmer 
 Abernethy has located the Broadway, while Nelson Clark and B. R. Staf- 
 ford have a ledge six to eight feet on the Latah, and Mr. Clark and his son 
 Frank have the Everett on a small lead wlilch shows good mineral. Elmer 
 Abernethy has the Lulu on a four and one-half foot ledge carrying a foot 
 of solid ore, which can be traced several hundred feet; has the Green Eye 
 with two ledges, one of which Is the same as the Lulu, and the Flossie, with 
 a three-foot ledge. He and D. M. Henderson have the Summit and Princess 
 on an Iron cap of :great width covering three and one-half feet of pyrltic 
 ore On the west end of the mountain the Yellow Jacket Is owned by John 
 and Samuel Dimlck, B. L. Tozler. A. L. Tozier and E. R. Gilbert. 
 
 On the summit of the Twlsp Pass the Three Links Gold Mlnmg Company 
 has three claims on a twenty-foot ledge cropping for 3,000 feet between walls 
 of Dornhyry and granite. It shows sulphide ore for Its whole width, assay- 
 ing on the surface $4 to $12 gold, 2% ounces silver, 4 per cent, copper. 
 
 Adjoining this group Is the Gold Bar group of five and one-half claims, 
 owned by the Gold Bar Mining Company, on several ledges of sulphide ore 
 cropping about twenty feet wide down the mountain side.. A sixty-foot 
 tunnel on the hanging wall of one ledge is in ore the whole length, and an 
 eight-foot cross-cut did not strike the footwall. Assays run all the way 
 from a trace to $600 gold, with some coppet. the average value being about 
 
 g 
 
 
r 
 
 M MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 $40. A flfty-foot Rhaft on another ledge showB four feet of Blmllar ore., 
 carrying from $40 te |60 gold. 
 
 On thrt Hiimn Hcrles of ledges the Oolden Triangle Mining Company has 
 nine clalmH, which It will develop this HcaHon. The lodgos arc of groat bIm 
 and carry flne-gralncd white Iron BulphidoB, showing free gold on the 
 surface. 
 
 The TwiBp River Mining and Milling Company has the Hattle group of 
 three claims on Elmer Mountain near the Derby, on three ledges of free 
 milling ore carrying gold and a little silver, which were discovered late In 
 1S96. One lodge crops twelve feet wide and has been traced acroBS the 
 mountain, while the others are of less width. Several assays have ranged 
 close to $100. 
 
 SALMON BIVEB. 
 
 This district was once the center of mining excitement In Washington 
 and is likely to be so again, for the presence of large mineral deposits has 
 boon so conclusively proved that its eclipse can bo but temporary. Its chief 
 drawback Is Its remoteness from means of steam transportation, but the 
 development of other districts to the north, south and west Is likely to 
 bring this ever nearer. 
 
 The route from Seattle is by the Great Northern Railroad to Wenatchee. 
 174 miles; thence by steamer City of Ellensburg up the Columbia and Okan- 
 ogan Rivers to Brewster, eighty-five mileh, and stage to Ruby, forty miles, 
 ConconuUy, forty-six miles; at high water, steamers to Johnson's Landing, 
 130 miles; thence by stage to Ruby, sixteen miles, and to ConconuUy, six miles 
 further. 
 
 The first mineral discoveries of this district were made after the opening 
 of the Moses Reservation, in the fall of 188C, in Ruby Hill, a steep mountain 
 rising to a height of 3,800 feet above the town. In a country rocV of granite 
 and gneiss were found ledges of quartis, carrying sliver In ali ost all its 
 forms, with a small quantity of gold, the cropplngs being stained with Iron 
 and copper. The ledges run a little west of north and east of south, and 
 pitch about 22% degrees east, and are on the summit of the hill, ranging In 
 width from six feet upward. The ore Is principally sulphurets, carrying from 
 10 to 100 ounces of silver, with rich pockets of native, wire and ruby silver 
 running much higher, and an average of about |3 gold. The first discovery 
 was made by Jack Clonan, 'Billy Milllgan, Tom Donan and Thomas Fuller, 
 who struck a ledge about eighteen feot wide, which ran uniformly from wall 
 to wall about $14 gold and silver. They located the Ruby on it, and this 
 proved to be the lowest grade mine on the hill, for Dick Blklerback and his 
 father, Pat McGreel and Will Chllson, located the First Thought on a 
 parallel ledge further east, which was thirty to forty feet wide on the sur- 
 face and which ran about $28 gold and silver for Its whole width. The dis- 
 covery of the Fourth of July, showing the richest ledge on the hill, and tne 
 Arlington, both by the same party, came next. The discovery of the Peacock 
 by John Pccar and the Lenora by James Robii .wn and James Ollmore, on 
 Peacock Hill, to the northeast of Ruby Hill, then OUerted attention. 
 
 About tht same time the mineral belt was fo.md to extend northward 
 beyond ConconuUy to Mineral Hill, which is an extension of the sanie ridge, 
 shutting tn the Salmon River Canyon on the west, and is about two mlTes 
 northwest of ConconuUy Equally valuable discoveries were made on the 
 opposite side of the canyon and through the lime belt, which runs noith of 
 Johnson Creek and east of Toat's Coulee up to Wagon Road Coulee, ea.it of 
 Loomlston. The ore in the lime belt Is ali high grade, carrying black 3Ul- 
 phuretH of silver and showing copper stains. 
 
 After sinking a flfty-foot shaft and running a 100-foot tunnel, both v»n 
 the ledge, and discovering a small stringer running into the main Udgc, with 
 a rlc^ pocket at the Junction, from which $1,000 wu« taken, the discoverers 
 of the Ruby sold it to Jonathan Bourne, Jr., of Portland. This was the 
 beginning of a heavy Investment by a large company of Portland people, 
 headed by Mr. Bourne and by others who followed his lead. Ti'ie First 
 Thought showed $28 ore in an eighty-foot shaft, ani was sold to Mr. Boumci 
 and his associates for $40,000 cash. On the Arlington the locHtors sank a 
 forty-foot shaft, showing a six-foot vein, which ran about $40 gold and silver, 
 and In 1888 sold for $45,000 cash to the Arlington Mining Company, of whic>i 
 Mr. Bourne was president. Mr. Bourne incorporated the Rubv and Flrsv 
 Thought, each separatelj, organized the Washington Reduction Conpany 
 to put in a concentrating plant to treat the ores, and acquired other cla'iis, 
 so that he and the corporations which he controls now own twenty-iteven 
 contiguouA claims on Ruby hill. 
 
 The Arlington Mining Company did about 800 feet of development In the 
 shape of shafts, drifts and tunnels, reaching a depth of 226 feet, at which 
 the letige"waJs the same In size and character as on the surface. The com-' 
 pany then started the erection of a leeching plant, but, after expending 
 about $130,000 on this and other' work, discovered that no water could be 
 
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INDEX TO NUMBERED CLAIMS, 
 
 Map of Twisp District. 
 
 jtfr' 
 
 Zl 
 
 Z.O 
 
 WeMt ct A'ortn 
 Creek. 
 
 1. Gtolden Eagle. 
 
 2. Jack Knife. 
 
 3. Twlsp King. 
 
 4. Bamboo Chief. 
 
 6. Chief Moses. 
 0. Three Links. 
 
 7. I. X. L. 
 
 8. Anita May. 
 
 9. Surprise. 
 
 11. Anaconda. 
 
 12. Sarah. 
 
 13. Lucky Jack. 
 
 14. Chelan. 
 
 15. Copper King. 
 
 16. Gold Bug. 
 
 17. Tiptop. 
 
 18. Granite N(.. 2. 
 
 19. Chief. 
 
 20. Iron Horse. 
 
 21. Granite No. 1. 
 
 22. Accident. 
 
 23. Vincent. 
 
 24. Black Bull. 
 
 25. Last Chance. 
 
 26. Snowflake. 
 
 27. Climber. 
 '.}. Daisy. 
 
 29. Ivy. 
 
 30. Theretia.. 
 
 31. Iron C!..at. 
 
 32. Mountain &c«ai. 
 
 33. War Eagle. 
 
 34. Thurs lay, 
 
 35. "Wa.shingrton. 
 
 36. Fra'ikHn. 
 3:. Quartettii, 
 
 38. Rockford. 
 
 39. Mobile. 
 
 40. Pioneer. 
 
 41. Copper King, 
 
 42. Alaban.a Cocn. 
 
 43. Roynl Ann. 
 
 44. First Glance 
 
 45. WaJtar B. 
 4(5. James Earl. 
 
 47. Orejvonlo.n. 
 
 48. Fay D, 
 
 49. E3. X. U 
 60. Derby. 
 
 51. E. X. L. 
 
 52. Alp£ne. 
 
 53. Equinox. 
 
 54. Snowstorm. 
 
 66. E. X. 
 
 56. Lady of the L. 
 
 67. Spokane. 
 
 "18. St. Laurence. 
 J». Roller Mill. 
 
 60. C. ft C. 
 
 61. Bertha. 
 
 62. 4th July. 
 
 63. MoKlnley. 
 
 64. Yellow Rom. 
 66. Bryaiti. 
 
 66. Snow 611d«. 
 
 68. Cap. Joe. 
 
 69. Sitting BulL 
 
 70. St. Anthony. 
 
 71. Ben. B. 
 
 72. White Lily. 
 
 73. Admiral. 
 
 74. J. B. 
 
 75. M. J. 
 
 76. Hoosler. 
 
 77. St. Paul. 
 
 78. Minneapolis. 
 
 79. Franklin. 
 
 80. Dick. 
 
 81. Portland. 
 
 82. Trilby. 
 
 83. Norfolk. 
 
 84. Highland Chief. 
 X5. Beatrice. 
 
 86. Allen J. 
 S7. Bloomer. 
 
 88. Jack B. 
 
 89. Twisp Chief. 
 
 90. Oro. 
 
 91. M. & M. 
 
 Kant of ISortli 
 Creek. 
 
 92. Liza. 
 
 93. Josephine. 
 
 94. The .Fountain. 
 95 Flossie. 
 
 96. Elmer. 
 
 97. Green Eye. 
 
 98. City O'f Salem. 
 
 99. Yellow Hornet. 
 
 100. Yellow Jack. 
 
 101. Robert. 
 
 102. Little Fellow. 
 
 103. Lulu. 
 
 104. Golden Gate. 
 
 106. Buckeye. 
 
 107. Gilbert. 
 
 108. McCord. 
 
 109. Summit. 
 UO. Prince. 
 
 111. iMary. 
 
 112. Hattle. 
 
 113. Greenhorn. 
 
 114. Falcon. 
 
 115. Bryan. 
 
 118. Bright Bye. 
 
 117. Tenderfoot. 
 
 118. Vulcan. 
 
 119. Constitution. 
 
 120. Continental. 
 
 121. Constitution. 
 
 122. Ethel. 
 
 124. Dan Logan. 
 
 125. B. D. Baker. 
 128. Shamrock. 
 
 127. Myrtle. 
 
 128. Granite. 
 
 129. Delan*^. 
 
 130. Referendum. 
 
 South Mf Tvrl»t 
 
 RiTer. 
 
 1. Ben Franklin, 
 a. Iv£ .,,ioe. 
 I. Mayflower. 
 
 4. Q. D. Q. 
 
 6. Jennie. 
 
 f. Porcupine. 
 
 7. Cultus Jim. 
 
 8. Bandana. 
 
 9. Big Boy. 
 
 10. Mountain Lily. 
 
 11. Greenhorn. 
 
 12. Gold Bar. 
 
 13. No. 8. 
 
 14. Gold Brick. 
 
 15. Jessie. 
 
 16. Eva. 
 
 17. June. 
 
 18. Gladstone. 
 
 19. Golden Triangle. 
 
 20. Highland Scot. 
 
 21. Skylark. 
 
 22. Uncle Sam. 
 
 23. Kangaroo. 
 
 24. Union. 
 
 25. Nellie. 
 
 26. Cumtux. 
 
 27. Crown Prince. 
 
 28. Crown King. 
 28. Cornucopia. 
 30. Ella. 
 
 31 O. K. 
 
 ^. St. Paul No. 2. 
 
 33. St. Paul Globe. 
 
 34. Burlington. 
 
 35. Waverly. 
 "6. Tiunasza. 
 
 37. DeTTdrop. 
 
 38. Helena. 
 
 39. Irene. 
 
 40. Boston. 
 
 41. Good Enough. 
 
 42. Lucky Boy. 
 
 43. Daisy. 
 
 44. Blueblll. 
 
 46. Lost Boy. 
 
 47. Estella. 
 
 48. Bluebird. 
 
 49. Bull's Bye. 
 
 50. Cascade. 
 
 51. White Rose. 
 
 52. Columbia. 
 
 53. Bula. 
 
 54. CJarfleld. 
 
 55. Mingo Chief. 
 
 56. Peachblow. 
 
 57. Exchange. 
 
 58. Michigan. 
 
 59. Alpine. 
 
 60. F. & B. 
 
 61. Orient. 
 
 62. Little Giant. 
 
 63. M. & G. 
 
 64. Ben Harrison. 
 
 66. Florfince Grace, 
 fi6. North Star. 
 
 67. WindEor. 
 
 68. Comstock. 
 
 69. Ben Lummaa. 
 
 70. Wldta. 
 72. Bridge. 
 76. Gamett 
 7«. :^nk Bar. 
 
 5.' 
 
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 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
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 obtained on the site selected, although there was abundance in the creek 
 260 feet below. Work on the plant was puspended, mining: stopped and, of 
 the several hundred tons of ore which had accumulated, the best was con- 
 centrated at the Washington Reduction Company's mill. 
 
 On the First Thought Mr. Bourne went vigorously to work. He first ran 
 tunnel No. 3 900 feet, tapping the ledge at a depth of 400 feet, and then up- 
 raised a shaft to the surface, 234 feet. He ran another tunnel about 1,000 
 feet on the fooiwall, and made a cross-cut 112^ feet, all through ore. 
 Another tunnel was run 800 feet on the hanging wall, which gave a d«pth of 
 200 feet. A number of drifts from the tunnel on the footwall to that on the 
 hanging wall showed the ledge to be from thirty to sixty feet wide. It 
 averaged from six to ten ounces silver and $3 gold, though there were rich 
 streaks and pockets, showing native und ruby sliver, which ron up to 1,000 
 ounces. 
 
 Meanwhile the Washington Reduction Company erected a concentrator 
 at Ruby and built a cable bucket tramway a mile long, from the First 
 Thought mine. It has two rock crushers, two Dodge pulverizers witn 
 screens, eight Frue vanners, canvas strakes, and an electric dynamo run 
 by water power, the whole costing about $70,000. It ran for abort three 
 months In 1892, and, after a suspension during the winter, started again In 
 the spring of 1893 and ran until July. As silver then fell below To cents, the 
 mill was stopped after producing about $40,000 In concentrates, clear of 
 freight and treatment charges, and has not since turned a wheel. 
 
 The Fourth of July was bought by a syndicate which Incorporated, leaving 
 out Mr. Bourne's one-eighth, as he refused to sell. The company sank 
 about 780 feet, ran d'-lfts for some 500 feet and sloped about 800 tons of ore. 
 This was the richest ledge on the hill, being fifteen feet wide, with a D«.y 
 streak four feet wide, from which one shipment of twenty tons paid $480 a 
 ton gold and silver, while specimens of ore carrying native and wire sliver 
 were carried away, which would aggregate thousands of dollars In value. 
 About 200 tons of ore were shipped and 300 tons were treated at the Ruby 
 concentrator. 
 
 Among the first locations on Ruby Hill was the Wooloo Mooloo, by Hugh 
 McCool and others, who found a ledge eight feet wide, carrying black sul- 
 phurets, the first two assays from which ran 3,000 and 5,000 ounces sliver. 
 They sank a shaft 160 feet on the ledge and then lost it. The War Eagle, 
 owned by a number of St. Paul men, has an eight-foot ledge of low-grade ore 
 on which a shaft has been sunk 150 feet. On the Idaho, George Turner, 
 W. N. Drumheller and M'illlam Pfunder have a shaft about 150 feet deep 
 on the same ledge. 
 
 The discovery claim on Anaconda Hill was the Anaconda, located by 
 Thomas Hlgstrun, on a twentv-foot ledge of chloride ore, showing well on 
 the surface and assaying 200 to 300 ounces. Hlgstrun sold it for $10,000 to 
 John Rudberg, who resold to Hale & Smith, Xenophon Steeves and J. C. 
 Moreland, of Portland, for $:'5,500, he retaining a one-eighth interest. The 
 new owners sank a shaft thirty-five or forty feet and then lost the ledge. 
 They ran a tunnel lower down the mountain to tap It In about 400 feet, at 
 a point below the shaft, but did not strike it there. They have been con- 
 tinuing assessment work and have run on the ledge ogaln, showing up good 
 black sulphurets. 
 
 About the same time that the first discoveries were in».de on Ruby Hill 
 a similar body of ore was found near the foot of Conconuily'ijake by "Texas" 
 George Runnels and J. C. Boone, who located the Lady of the Lake on it 
 the day the Moses reservation was opened. They bonded it to O. B. Peck 
 for $40,000. and he made about 100 feet of drifts and cross-cuts, but forfeited 
 the bond. 
 
 The Lone Star, on the west side of Salmon River, about a mile i;bove 
 Conconully was located by Henry C. Lawrence, who interested Allen C. 
 Mason, of Tacoma. There Is a ledge of galena ore about twelve feet wlae 
 which assays about 100 ounces of silver, on which a shaft has been sunk 350 
 feet, and drifts have been run each way on the ledge at every 100 feet, 
 aggregating 1,000 feet, about $40,000 being 8i>ent and a considerable quantity 
 of ore taken out. . . „, ,. », ^ „ .» 
 
 Directly across the river from the Lone Star la the Tough Nut, owned 
 by H. C. Thompson. Mllo Kelly and others. The ledge Is about .six fejJt wide, 
 showing black sulphurets and galena like the Lone Star ore. and the work 
 on it consists of a 100- foot shaft and a tunnel 150 feet, both en the ledge. 
 
 The Homestake, adjoining the Tough Nut on the south. Is owned by Ben 
 Everett, Charles Ulmann und Otis Spiague. of Tacoma. 'Ihey ran a tunnel 
 150 feet through n twenty-foot ledge, well mineralized with jsllver-iead ore. 
 and have 200 tons of ore m the bins. ^ 
 
 Adjoining the Lone Star on the north is the John Arthur, owned by 
 James Robinson, of EUensburg, and Deputy Collector of <-"s*?"'s /• ia5*°- 
 Donald, of Oro. A shaft Is down 126 feet aa the same ledge as the '--one ftar. 
 showing the same kind of ore. The north extension on the same ledge. 19 
 the St. Clair, located by Thomas Hanway and -— Dudley, who sank a 
 100-foot shaft near that of the John Arthur und on the same "J^^. ''.?"!?•„ „„ 
 
 The greatest development in thin section of the district. howi^\e«, was on 
 
 neral mil where the Brldiiei>ort Milling & Mining Company bought five 
 (5) 
 
 Mineral 
 
M 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 clainiii. Double compartment shafts were sunk 125 feet on one claim and 130 
 feet on another, and a luhnel was run IW) feet on the hill above the latter. 
 Shafts were also sunk on the otlior thiee. A pair of hoisting engines, boilers, 
 air compressor, two niacliine drills and a sawmill were erected, the whole 
 property rei)resentlng an fxpenuiiure of $:(0,000 on mines and machinery. All 
 the claims have lodKes three to six feet wide ot hlsh grade silver-lead ore, 
 of which a ten-ton shipment ran $iiOO, |20 of this being gold and the balance 
 silver. 
 
 The Buckhorn, adjoining tliis group on the west, is owned three-quarters 
 by the Bridgeport conipiiny and one-giiartir by A. C. Cowherd, .and has a 
 ledge forty to fifty feet wide on the surface. 
 
 Among the noted ri<>h cliilms on Mineral Hill is the I>a Euna, for which 
 T. L. Nixon, of Taconui, paid $10,000. It has a small ledge of very rich ore, 
 of which a live-ton shipment from a forty-foot shaft gave returns of 398 
 ounces per ton. 
 
 Mineral Hill also boasts of the Mohawk, for which H. C. Lawrence re- 
 fused an offer of $;!0,000 and on which a tunnel 200 feet has shown a three-foot 
 ledpe of high grade ore, running over 300 ounces silver. On the Independence, 
 John Stech. of Seattle, who paid $4,uoo for it, has a 100-foot shaft on a four- 
 foot ledge of similar ore to tliat in the liridftcport group, and is keeping up 
 his assessment work, (n the Pointer, adjoining the Tough Nut on the south, 
 Messrs. Hargrove and Stukesberry have a tive-foot ledge, running loO to 150 
 ounces silver, on which tb.ey have a l.')0-foot tunnel. 
 
 It was about the time that the first discoveries wore made on Salmon 
 River that the late ex-lieutenant governor. Charles E. Ijaughton. organized 
 a company to build a concentrator to trtat their ores on the customs plan. 
 He erected a building in the eai.yon between the Tough Nut and Ijone Star 
 mines and put up a plant consisting of a rock crusher, a set of rollers to 
 pulverize the rock, drum screens to sizi,^ the material, wooden jigs and wooden 
 bumper-vanners. But much of the mineral escaped with the tailings, so 
 that the latter were richer than the concentrates, less than half the value 
 being saved. Al>out fifty tons from the Tough Nut and a little from the 
 Homestake were concentrated, and then, as the assay value failed to show 
 up, the mine owners refused to furnish more ore. and after a two weeks' 
 run in 18S9 the machinery stopped, never to rtm again. Some time later the 
 machinery men foreclosed tluir mortgage and Allen C. Mason bought the 
 mill, but has never run ii. He has sold some of the shafting and parts of 
 the machinery. 
 
 In the lime belt the principal group is the Silver Bluff of t'^n claims, 
 owned by fhe Silver Bluff Mining and Milling Company. On the surface 
 the ore In this grouj) runs in great bunches of high value, and a large 
 amount of prospecting has been done in the endeavor to find where it lies 
 in the country rock below. Work was going on last summer, and one car 
 load was shipped which netted over $100. The Belcher is another claim on 
 the lime belt, owned by the Belcher Mining Company, about one and 
 one-half mih s from the Silver Bluff. A shaft has been sunk 275 feet and 
 drifts run at the 100-foot level and at the bottom. 
 
 That Salmon River cuts some free gold ledges is evidenced by the dis- 
 covery of gold in the sand at several points on its course. Charles H. Ballard 
 and J. R. Wallace found gold in the sand of a bench about a mile square 
 one mile below Conconully and took out $20 in prospecting it. The" ground 
 carries from one-tenth of a cent to 10 cents to the pan, and would make good 
 hydraulic ground. Eight miles above town, at a place called the Meadows, 
 on the north fork of Salmon River, I.,ayton S. Baldwin, L. Irwin Baldwin, 
 H. A. Wilder, John Armstrong, of Conconully. and J. p. Gleason. of Seattle, 
 located claims on a bar which appears to be an old river l)ed and where the 
 dirt carries shot gold to the amount of 10 to 15 cents a cubic yard. 
 
 OKANOGAN LAKE. 
 
 With a railroad penetrating Its center and a steamer connecting with it 
 on the lake, this district has every cause to look for rapid developme\it. The 
 Canadian Pacific Railroad runs from Vancouver to Sicamous, 335 miles, and 
 thenoe a branch runs to Vernon, forty-seven miles, and to Okanogan Land- 
 ing, fifty-one miles. Vernon is In a rich valley with good roads branching 
 from it, and the construction of others to new camps will be Inexpensive 
 
 The mineral belt of this district runs through, the hills which shut In the 
 Okanogan valley on the east and west. The country formation consists of 
 belts of dioritc. granite and C4uartzlte, cut by dikes of lime and porphyry. 
 Running through this in a generally east and west direction are iron-capped 
 ledges carrying gold, galena, iron and copper sulphurets and ranging In 
 width from two to fifty feet. There are also large bodies of low grade free- 
 milling quartz which carries gold, with little or no silver. 
 
 The pioneer mine of this district Is the Monoshe«>, on the north .tide of 
 Monoshee Mountain, about fifty miles southeast of this town and over- 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 with it 
 eiit. The 
 4lleB, and 
 xn Land- 
 iranchlng 
 naive, 
 ut In the 
 mslsts of 
 )orphyry. 
 >n-c-apped 
 nglng In 
 •ade free- 
 
 h side of 
 rid over- 
 
 looking Cherry Creek, '.n which placers have been worked for about thirty 
 years. It was discovered about ten years ago by Donald Mclntyre, and has 
 a ledge of free milling gold quartz about three and one-half feet wide. Mr. 
 Mclntyre, with F. G. Vernon and a Mr. Rlskle, drove five tunnels on the 
 ledge to a length of fifty to 200 feet, and stoped out the ore thus opened. 
 They erected a mill of an old style and ran about 200 tons of ore through It, 
 and, finding It did not save the value, stopped operation and have never 
 resumed. 
 
 The next important discovery was not made till 1891, and has the prospect 
 of being developed on a large scale through the Investment of a largo amount 
 of English capital. This Is the Swan Lake group of six claims, discovered 
 by the late Capt. F. D. Shorts and W. J. Armstrong, of Vernon. These 
 claims are on a great deposit of free-milling quartz which crops out in 
 steep buttes and bluffs through the hills sloping down from the east of 
 Sw;in Lake, four miles north of Vernon. One of these outcrops has been 
 opened in a point o' "ock on the roadside, and the ledge can be traced far 
 up the hill. It ar •» to be an almost flat deposit, and has been traced on 
 the surface over ^ square mile of ground. A shaft has been sunk fifty feet 
 at a point 600 feet below the highest outcrop, with a twenty-foot drift from 
 the bottom. All this work is in ore, which has given assays ranging from 
 $3.25 to $13 In free gold, with a trace of silver. The deposit is pronounced 
 to be similar in extent and character to the great Treadwell mine In Alaska, 
 and with the Canadian Pacillc railroad running along the lake shore only a 
 few hundred yards distant, has every facility for cheap development and 
 operation. The group is now owned by the Swan Lake Mining and De- 
 velopment Company, which has bonded It to Arthur H. Craven, the rep- 
 resentative of London capitalists, for $120,000, and he has examined the 
 property and tested the ore with a view to deciding the course to be taken 
 with It. If the ore will average $4 a ton 'n gold he proposes to erect a Ilfty- 
 stamp mill and chlorlnatlon works and reduce the ore by the method In use 
 at Treadwell. 
 
 In the fall of 1895 the BX group of seven claims, adjoining the Swan Lake 
 group, was located by Leo Simmons, E. C. Simmons, Charles Casterton 
 and E. C. Thompson, all of Vernon. The greatest showing is where BX 
 Creek had cut through the ledge down to the granite footwall and where, 
 by stripping, it was exposed for a width of sixty feet. Assays from this 
 ■olaoe gave $6 to $<S gold and a little silver, wihch Is a fair example of the 
 •"irhole group. The country rock, which Is chlorite. Is Itself mineralized, 
 having given an assay of $6.50 gold. A twenty-flve-foot shaft sunk on a 
 four-foot ledge showed plumbago mixed with the broken surface rock. 
 
 A little later. In December, 1895. James McClellan found a ledge of free- 
 mllllng ore similar to that at Swan Lake on his ranch about eight miles 
 north of town, and with Alex McArthur, J. Brown and Tom Clinton located 
 the Larkin group of three claims. On an eight-foot ledge a hole has been 
 sunk fifteen feet, assays of $1 to $S being obtained from surface rock, while 
 a parallel ledge is ten feet wide. A short distance further north, near Lumby, 
 large bodies of free-milling ore were discovered by A. J. McMullen and 
 Samuel Mcllvanie In April, 18<t6. 
 
 Explorations had meanwhile turned southward along Oka.iogan Lake, 
 and one result Is the creation of Camp Hewitt, on a mountain 1,500 feet high, 
 overlooking the lake fro.n the west and sixty miles south of Okanogan Land- 
 ing Here. In June, 1895, Gus Hewitt and Alexis C. Broth found a cropping 
 of free-milling quartz three or four feet wide In a porphyry dike in a granite 
 formation, In which free gold was plainly visible, and located the Dandy 
 and King Solomon on parallel ledges about four feet apart. The surface rock 
 was much decomposed, and Messrs. Hewitt and Broth spent much of the 
 summer in panning gold out of It and got good returns. In the winter of 1895 
 they ran a cross-cut tunnel 115 feet on the Dandy, but have so far been 
 unable to locate the ledge, and will now drift from the tunnel for it. On 
 the King Solomon the surface rock Is dn a slide, but the ledga in place has 
 been traced for 6,000 feet through four claims and a cross-cut tunnel Is being 
 run The Winifred, a Supposed extension of the Dandy, located by C. Booth 
 and R U Venner, has a shaft twenty feet deep on a ledge three feet wide. 
 On a parallel ledge Is the North Star, owned by George Bell and Donald 
 Mclntyre There wps a cropping three and one-half feet wide carrying free 
 gold but a ten foot shaft has shown galena carrying about $20 gold, and 
 also 'copper. With the Stag, an exten.sion of the North Star, Henry Hardy 
 and C B. Casterton have had a similar experience, for, while they had a 
 three-foot cropping of free-milling ore between granite walls, they ran Into 
 galena carrying gold and silver with copper and Iron su^phurets, from which 
 they got assays of $14 to $20 gold. The Mountain View, two miles nearer the 
 lake discovered by Me.sars. Hewitt and Broth In April, 1896, has a ledge of 
 galena ore five or six feet wide In a lime formation, running cast and west 
 with a dip to the south. An Incline shaft has been gunk thirty feet. 
 
 Another place where the old placer workings have led to discoveries of 
 quartz ledges is the ridge between Slwash and Six-Mile creeks, on the west 
 side of Okanogan Lake, for the bars of Slwash Creek have been worked for 
 over twenty years. Joseph Hitchler located the Jumbo and William Clark 
 the E. S. on a ledge of Iron and copper pyrites In a lime formation, running 
 
f> 
 
 99 MINMNO IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 almost due north and south. From the decomposed quartE at the outcrop, 
 aud from the fact that a cross-cut tunnel on the E. S. has been run thirty 
 feet without finding the walls, It la believed that the ledge Is at least thirty 
 feet wide. 
 
 Still nearer the town, on the point which divides the east arm from the 
 main body of Okanogan Lake, a cropping of galena ore was found last 
 spring by J. N. Norden and his two sons, which was six feet wide on the 
 surface and was traced for 100 feet. It runs a little west of a north and 
 south line In a badly shaken formation resembling syenite. The first shot 
 showed up ore, which assayed $10.80 gold, $54 sliver and a little copper. The 
 Mordens located the Morning Glory with the Jumbo on the north, and 
 adjolnir-if the Jumbo E. Harris located the Hardup. The south extensions, 
 following the ledge to the water's edge, are the Morning Star by the Mordens 
 and the Chieftain by P. H. Latimer. On another ledge, which runs at right 
 angles to the Morning Glory, are the Close Call and Old Iron, owned by 
 
 A. N. Pelly. This ledge is nine feet wide on the surface and ten feet on the 
 face of the cliff overlooking the lake, and has assayed $3 to $17 sliver, a good 
 percentage of copper and a trace of gold. Mr. Pelly is driving a tunnel on 
 the ledge in the face of the cliff and will sink a shaft from the bench above. 
 
 Prospecting then came closer to the town, and in December Camp Lefroy 
 was established on tae hills to the northwest, with locations reaching within 
 one mile of Vernon. The mineral Is in a belt of four parallel ledges three- 
 quarters of a mile In width and well defined for a distance of three miles. 
 The ore is quartz, carrying gold, copper and magnetic Iron, with a little 
 galena, and is between well-dettned walls of slate and schist. The first 
 location was the Mabel May, by Richard Shook and G. Milligan, who found 
 rich float showing free gold, but have not yet found the ledge, though they 
 have made a surface cut and are running a cross-cut tunnel. On the exten- 
 sion and on a parallel ledge further up the hill is the Babel group of four 
 claims, owned by F. H. Latimer, F. M. Klrby, James Martin and G. A. 
 Henderson. On another parallel ledge are the Warrior and Maverick, 
 owned by H. F. Parke, F. H. Latimer and F. M. Klrby, and the Big D, by 
 J. G. Webster and H. F. Dennlson. Further west is the Little One, by 
 Messrs. Klrby and Latimer, on a four-foot ledge, the Chariot, by Mr. Dennl- 
 son, being an extension on It, while on the southeast Is the Blue Jay. owned 
 by Messrs. Klrby and Latimer, with an elghteen-lnch ledge. All these 
 ledges are from one to five feet wide and carry iron pyrites and gold, with 
 a little arsenical Iron, while the Falcon also shows galena and copper. Sur-r 
 face ore has assayed as high as $10 In gold. 
 
 On the hills between Okanogan Lake and Long Lake on the east, a num- 
 ber of locations have been made on ledges of Iron and copper pyrites carry- 
 ing gold. Among these are the Silver Queen and Barney Barnato, by Simon 
 
 B. Ord; the Aberdeen and Coutite.ss, by John Howard and William Appleton; 
 the Alexander, by George H. Meaklns; the Sunset, by — Colbee and J. O. 
 Williams; the Gold King, by J. K. Johnson; the War Horse, by F. H. Barnes 
 and William Haupt; the IXL, by J. K. Johnson, and the Lark, by William 
 Johnson. 
 
 Along both banks of Deep Creek, four miles west of Okanogan Lake and 
 two and one-half miles southwest of Hewitt's Camp, a number of parallel 
 ledges of iron and copper pyrites and galena carrying gold, between well- 
 defined walls, have since been the scene of much work. On the north side 
 of the creek Is the Panorama, owned by J. L. Webster, showing a little free 
 gold. Next on the west Is the Little Duncan, owned by Mr. Webster and 
 J. Walker, in which an open cut five feet deep showed ore assaying 101 
 ounces silver. On going fifty feet lower and starting an Incline, ore was 
 obtained which assayed $6.40 gold and $11.90 silver. On the same ledge is the 
 Major, owned by J. L. Webster and James Martin. On the south side of 
 the creek is a succession of ledges on which have been located the Stella, 
 by G. A. Han key and others; the Iron Mask, by Mr. Webster; the Farmer, 
 by Messrs. Dennlson and Latimer, on which a small shaft shows galena 
 and copper pyrites widening from eighteen to thirty-six inches, and the 
 Blind Man, by Messrs. Webster and Walker, which (stands on the side of 
 the gulch. 
 
 Further south and within twelve miles of Penticton, on the west shore 
 of Okanogan Lake, Alexander Thompson In May. 1896. located the Aberdeen 
 on a ledge of pyrites fifteen feet wide, which has been bonded by W. T. 
 Thompson. Extensions on this ledge are the Rambler, by Joseph Thurber, 
 and the Scrambler, by H. E. Walker. 
 
EST. 
 
 TtB at the outcrop, 
 tias been run thirty 
 je Is at least thirty 
 
 east arm from the 
 )re was found last 
 Ix feet wide on the 
 eat of a north and 
 lite. The first shot 
 i little copper. The 
 on the north, and 
 le south extensions. 
 Star by the Mordens 
 which runs at right 
 31d Iron, owned by 
 and ten feet on the 
 to $17 silver, a good 
 driving a tunnel on 
 )m the bench above, 
 ember Camp Lefroy 
 ons reaching within 
 arallei ledges three- 
 Eince of three miles. 
 
 iron, with a little 
 d schist. The first 
 Milligan, who found 
 ■ ledge, though they 
 nnel. On the exten- 
 Babel group of four 
 I Martin and Q. A. 
 rior and Maverick, 
 , and the Big D, by 
 
 the Little One, by 
 ariot, by Mr. Denni- 
 :he Blue Jay. owned 
 h ledge. All these 
 rites and gold, with 
 la and copper. Sur-r 
 
 on the east, a mum- 
 opper pyrites carry- 
 j Barnato, by Simon 
 d William Appleton; 
 — Colbee and J. O. 
 rse, by F. H. Barnes 
 »e Lark, by William 
 
 Okanogan Lake and 
 number of parallel 
 
 gold, between well- 
 On the north side 
 showing a little free 
 jy Mr. Webster and 
 'ed ore as.saying 101 
 
 an incline, ore was 
 he same ledge is the 
 )n the south side of 
 n located the Stella, 
 Webster; the Farmer, 
 
 shaft shows galena 
 six Inches, and the 
 ands on the side of 
 
 I, on the west shore 
 
 located the Aberdeen 
 
 ;n bonded by W. T. 
 
 by Joseph Thurber, 
 
 <■ i4 
 
 *'****>»***«^4«*»-*i^^ 
 
 
 % 
 
 '"A'i 
 
 o 
 
MmmO IN THf PACIFIC NORTHWtST 
 

 OKANOGAN COUNTY, 
 WASHINGTON, 
 
 VVagoH Roads. 
 Trails. 
 StsmpMMln. i 
 
 SCALE OF MILta 
 
 9 
 
 SI 
 
 490^ AMD WININO KNOINtlP 
 
■ 
 
 ■'~S'2;--.- 
 
 .# 
 
 \ 
 
 
 
 ^^?f' 
 
 ;|.. r-^? 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 li) 
 *=*• 
 
 1 *.■" 
 
 •"■--^.. 
 
 MININ( 
 
 This name Is Klven 
 
 boundary, comprlslnR 
 
 hekln JllvtT to the mi 
 
 river on the east to 1 
 
 miles Mcjuare. Mineni 
 
 by the late "OlianoKi 
 
 mountaltiH alons: the 
 
 from the Rovernment 
 
 in 1880. As he refuse 
 
 lines so as to »jc(!lu(i( 
 
 boundary and runnln 
 
 fact that this strip w 
 
 then thinly settled ter 
 
 vation was thrown oi 
 
 lowed one another in 
 
 be among the richest 
 
 ore as in the size of i 
 
 the state have been 
 
 ores, then it was tur 
 
 the oxidized surface « 
 
 soon replaced the fre< 
 
 to save the sulphuret 
 
 Ing the last year gre 
 
 have been discovered 
 
 lowing deeper mining 
 
 prospectors were too 
 
 worliing out rich pod 
 
 block out large bodh 
 
 plants for reduction. 
 
 Ing results that it is 
 
 manence and value, a 
 
 The center of the < 
 
 To reach It from S^a 
 
 174 miles; the steamei 
 
 Landing, eighty-five i 
 
 the beginning of Aug 
 
 miles ' f I'Orh Brewste 
 
 Golden, on the east < 
 
 from Brewster and t 
 
 the confluence of the 
 
 miles lurther. From 
 
 Northern to Wenatch 
 
 or by the Central W 
 
 stagre fifty miles to Oi 
 
 and thence by the sa 
 
 Palmer Mountain 
 
 south and about six 
 
 cliffs of white dolorr 
 
 southern slope, exten 
 
 this Is Intersected b> 
 
 tion consists of slate 
 
 noticeable through i 
 
 dikes of wildly cont 
 
 black slate is only Y 
 
 has resisted glacial 
 
 tions. On the easier 
 
 centage of gold in cc 
 
 slate run on north 
 
 which are the Triun 
 
 the mountain, in th< 
 
 grade silver ore, as 
 
 Ivanhoe, Empire am 
 
 which extend on th« 
 
 overlook Palmer I^a 
 
 mountain, among w! 
 
 the south end in tli 
 
 centape of silver, on 
 
 tral, Grand Summit 
 
 southeast. Iron ca] 
 
 Identical formttion 
 
 large size in diorite 
 
 through Aeneas Mot 
 
 Palmer Mountain s^ 
 
Tl 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 fl 
 
 PALMER MOUNTAIN. 
 
 ThiB naire is Klvt'n to u diHtrlct of Okanogan county directly south of the 
 boundary, comprlHlnK the ureu which extends southward along the Slnla- 
 hfkln Itlver to the mouth of Horse Spring Coulee, and from the Ckanogun 
 river on the east to Mount (,'hapaca on the west, a territory abo'it fifteen 
 miles square. Mineral was first discovered there nearly thirty j'ears ago 
 by the late "Okanogan" Smith, who made a number of locations in the 
 mountains along the Simllkaniecn Itiver and claimed heavy compensation 
 from the government when they were included in Chief Moses' reservation 
 In 1880. As he refused the sum offered, $2,';0,000, the government drew the 
 lines so as to ejcc-lude a strip extending fifteen miles southv.ard from the 
 boundary and running across the whole breadth of the reservation. The 
 fact that this strip was open to mineral entry did not become known in the 
 then thinly settled territory, and prospectors did not enter it until the reser- 
 vation was thrown open In 1886. Then it was that mineral disiioverles fol- 
 lowed one another In rapid succession, and this remote tract was found to 
 be among the richest In the United States, not so much in the value of its 
 ore as in the size of Its ore bodies, though some of the richest discoveries In 
 the state have been made here. At first attention was centered on silver 
 ores, then It was turned to free gold, which was found In rich pockets in 
 the oxidized surface of the quartz ledges. As depth was obtained, base ore. 
 soon replaced the free-milling ore ot the surface, and the lack of equipment* 
 to save the sulphurets brought disaster to several pioneer enterprises. Dur- 
 ing the last year great bodies of Iron and copper sulphides, carrying gold, 
 have been discovered and have shared attention with the good results fol- 
 lowing deeper mining on the other classes of ore. The earlier miners and 
 prospectors were too easily contented with gophering on the surface and 
 working out rich pockets, but the present movement Is all to gain depth and 
 block out large bodies of ore for mining, then to erect carefully designed 
 plants for reduction. This new movement has already brought such gratify- 
 ing results that It Is safe to pronounce the ore bodies to be of assured per- 
 manence and value, and the destiny of the district to be beyond question. 
 
 The center of the district is Loomis, at the south end of Palmer Mountain. 
 To reach It from Seattle, one takes the Great Northern train to Wenuvchee, 
 174 miles; the steamer City of Ellensburg up the Columbia River to Brewster 
 Lianding, elghty-flve miles, or during high water from the middle cf May to 
 the beginning of August, to Johnson Creek, 130 miles; and the stage seventy 
 miles' fi'orti Brewster, or twenty-eight miles from Johnson Creek. For 
 Golden, on the east of Palmer Mountain, the sUige trip is eighty-two miles 
 from Brewster and twenty-eight miles from Johnson Creek, and for Oro, at 
 the confluence of the Okanogan and Simllkameen rivers, the distance is six 
 miles lurther. From Spokane the district can be reached either by the ureal 
 Northern to Wenatchee, 174 miles, and thence by the route already described, 
 or by the Central Washington railroad to Coulee City. 12r> miles, thence by 
 stage fifty miles to Orondo, on the Columbia river, six miles above Wenatchee, 
 and thence by the same route as from Seattle. 
 
 Palmer Mountain is a great, broad ridge, ten miles long from north to 
 south and about six miles across, with numerous small peaks inarked by 
 cliffs of white dolomite. The formation of the mountain Is diorlte on the 
 southern slope, extending as far as the summit, and on the northern portion 
 this Is Intersected by dikes of black slate and serpentine. The eastern por- 
 tion consistp of slate capped with dolomite, which forms high v;hl'' 
 noticeable through all the country around, while further east are lar^e 
 dikes of wildly contorted dolomite extending to the Okanogan Rivpr. ine 
 black slate Is only here and there overlaid with dolomite, where the latter 
 has resisted glacial action. Minerals have been found in all these forma- 
 tions. On the eastern slope are veins of silver-lead ore carrying a good per- 
 centage of gold in contacts of dolomite and black slate. Through the biacK 
 slate run on north and south lines great quartz veins carrying gold on 
 Which are the Triune. Spokane and Wehe groups. On the northern part of 
 the mountain. In the black slate, are large, prominent ledges ca"^»"« "J?^ 
 grade silver ore, as well as a good percentage of gold, on which are "le 
 Ivanhoe. Empire and Bullfrog. In the serpentine and black slate contacts 
 which extend on the northwest side to Mount EUemeham and o", the west 
 overlook Palmer Lake are some of the richest gold-bearing veins on the 
 mountain, among which are the Leadvllle group and the Bunker HIU. on 
 the south end In the diorlte are gold-bearing veins carrying a small per- 
 centage of sliver, on which are the Black Pear. War Eagte, Wisconsin^ Cen- 
 tral, Grand Summit and a large number of others, coiirslng northwest and 
 southeast. Iron caps are found In the diorlte identical in character and in 
 Identical formation with those across tlie boundary, and they also occui or 
 large size In diorlte walls In the syenltic formation to tne West which i^^^ 
 through Aeneas Mountain, Douglas Mo.jntaln. GoK1 HIU and Mount Chapaca. 
 Palmer Mountain shows surface disturbances which account for the breaK- 
 
98 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 IriK ovfT of Home of the 1p(1k«'». for iist depth In atlalnnd It 1b found thnt thejr 
 art' pfrmiineiit and that the break-over Ih meroly a mirfaoe d1«turhance. 
 ThiH Ih proven In the Hhick Hear, where the Kreatent depth has heen reaehed, 
 and nRrees with the experlen<'e at the Cariboo mine iit Camp McKinney, B. 
 ('., whicli Ih on the Hanie Keolotcleai formation and sli jwb the Biime Hurface di«- 
 pUK't-nient. TheHc (ilHturl)anreH oauHod many pronpectorH to think their 
 ledKeH near the Hurface hud Kiven out, and Hcared away POme timid inveatora 
 who were Inexperienced In minlnK. 
 
 Wiien It WHH thrown ojjen to entry, iron caps were found ail over the 
 OkanoRan eountry, but tiie Kreat wealth of mineral which they conoeal had 
 not then been made known, and as the surface ore Rave such low values 
 that It would not pay to shi!) in a country where lonR wuRon hauls shut out 
 all but the hlKhewt Rrade ores, they were passed over or abandoned after a 
 little work hn(l been done. 'Ihe prospectors turned their attention to the 
 frce-mlllluK (luartz and bluh KfiiJe silver, and soon found enouRh to occupy 
 them. 
 
 The first strike which attracted notice was the Jessie, on the east side 
 of the rldg-e, near the summit, by C. H. Schepstur, William M. Townsrind and 
 Charles Cole, and now owned by Mr. Townsend and Adell^ert Hart. Here 
 they found a four-foot ledRe of hlKh prade ore, havinjc on the surface a Kreat 
 quantity of decomposed (piartz carryinR free roUI. The owners pounded U5> 
 some of tills rock in a hand mortar, panned out the sand and melted down 
 quite an amount of i)ullion. 'I'hey ran a fifty-foot tunnel on hbrh Kra<ie ore 
 all the way. A number of similar discoveries followed, and then came the 
 Krent sIlvcr-bearlnK led^e of the Ivanhoe proup. It is only wi; hin tht- Last 
 year that the ledges of sulphide ore capped with iron have received the atten- 
 tion which development has proved they well merit, 
 
 • The first property to attract general attention was the Bla<'k Bear and 
 War Eagle group of five claims on the south end nf Palmer Mountain, now^ 
 owned by B. J. N. Hal« and others, of Spokane. They have several parallel 
 ledges, oxidized on the surface so as to free the f,ola, but growlnK base at 
 depth. A shaft was sunk 190 feet on one ledge and cross-cut-: were run at the 
 100-foot level to two other ledges, all being two to four feet wide and assaying 
 $28 gold and upwards. Drifts were run each way on each ledge on this level 
 and also on the IfiO-foot level, showing pay ore of Increasing size and value. 
 On another ledge a shaft is down 100 feet and a tunnel In l.V) feet, showing 
 twenty-four inches of good ore between strong walls. A five-stamp mill was 
 erected at Loomiston, and In five months' run in 1892 produced $li;{,tK)0 in gold, 
 but it was badly managed, and, having no concentrators, sent all the suiphu- 
 rets away in the tailings, from which one assayer says he has taken an assay 
 of J4.'?.fi0 gold and another J12.04 c.^ld and thirty-six ounces silver. In 1855 
 O. S. Stocker and others did the at ^leBsment work in return for what ore 
 they could take out in doing so .ml -nlU. After repairing the dilapidated 
 plant, they milled forty-five icnf wad cleared a nice profit. 
 
 The depth attained on this grt-ap .a far proved the permanence and value 
 of the ore bodies as to encourf'i'. i* i enterprise which will In a year or two 
 prove these facts beyond dlsjp'iu>. This Is the great main cross-cut tunnel 
 which is being driven into the bowels of the mountain from its south end by 
 the Palmer Mountain Gold Mining & Tunnel Company. The company haa 
 acquired twenty-seven claims in a solid block, on which are sixteen known 
 true fissure ledges, parallel or nearly so, and carrying gold, both free and in 
 sulphurets of iron and copper. The company is driving a tunnel seven feet 
 high and eight feet wide, with double tracks and steel cars, from a point one 
 mile from Loomis and 120 feet above that town, with the intention of cut- 
 ting all these ledges at a continually increasing depth until the furthest la. 
 tapped at a depth of 1,200 feet at a distance of 3.600 feet from the portal. 
 It is also expected that many blind ledges will be cut, as geologists eatlmEte 
 that only a small proportion of mineral ledges crop on the surface. Th's 
 expectation was confirmed by the tapping of two such ledges of flne-lookiiit'' 
 ore in the first 150 feet of work. The tunnel has at this writing penetrated 
 250 feet and its face is a mass of pyritic ore, carrying veins of white quartz 
 running with the tunnel, an indication of the proximity of a rich gold-bearlng^ 
 ledge. 
 
 Mining is at present being prosecuted with hand drills, but the company 
 will, when weather permits, construct a flume from Toats Coulee Creek, one 
 mile west of the portal, and thereby conduct water from that stream which 
 will develop 1,100 horse-power. This will suffice to generate electric power 
 for a compressed air drill plant, tramways and reduction plants, aa well as 
 to other adjoining mining properties. 
 
 The ledges In this group contain free gold, auriferous Bulphides, usually 
 pyrite, small quantities of galena and silver. It is proposed to erect a plant 
 at the mine for the reduction of these cres by modern methodic and ihus 
 dispense with the necessity of shipping anything but bullion. 
 
 A kindred enterprise of almost equal magnitude has been undertaken by 
 the Whiskey Hill Tunnel and Mining Company on the east slope of Whiskey 
 Hill, a continuation of Palmer Mountain, about eight miles to the northeast 
 of Loomis and one mile west of the Okanogan River. This companv ^^wns 
 twenty-one claims on which are nine well-defined ledges running j'^irly 
 parallel in a generally northeast and southwest course. -It will run a crodS- 
 
MINING IN. THE PACIFIC NORTH WKST. 
 
 9» 
 
 cut turin* 1, I'iKht feet wide and seven toet hlxh, 3,200 feet Into the niountiiln, 
 tapping" the Kioiip at a maximum depth of 900 feet. ConBldcrable prospecting 
 work has luen done on the different ledgeB. Or one a shaft Ib down elshty 
 feet and a »!xticn-foot cross-cut at the bottom has not found either wall. 
 The IfdRp matter is whlH> quartzlte, heavily Impregnated with Iron and lime, 
 and In places carrying some galena, and ihe ore assays $37 gold and 57.20 
 stiver. The company expects to strike many blind ledges, and from ihe 
 fact that quartz encuiuntored In facing up the tunnel site assayed $12.76 gold, 
 It is believed that Whiskey Hill contains great masses of rock which will 
 pay to mill. A gravity tramway one mile long will convey ore or concen- 
 trates to tho Okanogan Ktver, where It can bo transported by boat four 
 months In the year and, whenever the government removes the obstructions 
 from this river. It can be navigated all tho year round except during mid- 
 winter. The preliminary work is now In progress and the driving of the 
 tunnel will begin very shortly. 
 
 The greiitj'St depth so far attained Is on the Ivanhoe group of four claims 
 by the Ivanhoe Company, and the work done has been amply repaid by 
 results. Whore iiscovered, the ledge was almost flat on the summit of 
 Palmer Mountain and the surface soil was stripped off It with a plow and 
 fcraper by A. C. Cowherd, the original owner. This exposed In an area 
 of 175x50 feet a ledge twenty inches to four feet thick, carrying brittle, ruby, 
 mallealile and native silver and considerable free gold. From this cui anout 
 l.OOfl tons of ore was taken and shipments of sorted ore were made with the 
 following results per ton: 6,899 pounds, 1.62 ounces gold, 572 ounces silver; 
 13 521 pounds, I ounce gold, 278 ounces silver; 26,500 pounds, 1 ounce gold, 
 326 ounces sliver. Several thousand tons of low-grade ore remaining, a ten- 
 ton rnlll with Dodge pulverizer, amalgamating plates, concentrator and sllme 
 tables was erected at the foot of the mountain and considerable ore was 
 reduced. But the plant was not adapted to the ore, which needed more 
 skljful treatment, and Is to be replaced by a more modern mill this season. 
 Purlng the last year the Incline shaft, already started, has been sunk to a 
 depth of BOO ff f>t, showing the ledge seven feet wide and very strong, with 
 three and one-half feet of pay ore, which In places 's phenomenally rich, 
 one assay runiih.g over 9,000 ounces silver and 3 ounces gold, and the pay 
 orf! generally running from 500 to 1,000 ounces silver. A drift had already 
 been run seventy feet at the 120-foot level, showing the ledge six and one-half 
 feet wide, and others have been run forty-flve feet each way, all In ore and 
 showing an increased width. Much of this ore was so rich In native sliver 
 that it was sacked in the mine. There are over 2,000 tons of shipping ore 
 on the dump, besides a large quantity In sacks, awaiting the opening of 
 navigation for transportation to the smelter. 
 
 The only regular producer of bullion In the district at present is the 
 Triune mire, which is equipped with a ten-stamp mill and four Frue vannei., 
 operated by steam. This ledge has also broken over to the west and at this 
 point carries much free gold, though sulphides are also mingled with it. 
 Shnf^ts were first sunk thirty-six and nineteen feet, the first showing no 
 walls and the second not cutting the ledge. A tunnel was then run 125 feet 
 on the blanket, only ten to twenty feet below the surface, and the ore anove 
 was stoped out and milled. The mill then, however had no concentrators, 
 and more than half the value, being In sulphurets, was lost in the tailings. 
 It was in 1895 that the mine was properly equipped and tht mill put unaer 
 skilled management by the Triune Gold Mining Company, which then 
 acquired th" property. It has since run a cross-cut 165 feet, which cuts the 
 ledje at an acute angle and taps the thirty-six foot shaft and has cut a 
 feeder three feet wide. Drifts have been run on the main ledge, above which 
 the ore was stoped. An open cut has also been made on the blanket, from 
 which forty-four tons of ore were milled • leldlng $450 free gold, besides 
 concentrates. A tunnel has been run 2?5 feet, tapping the ledge at a depth 
 of eight feet higher up the mountain, following the blanket In that direction. 
 In order to trace the solid formation down into the mountain below the 
 break-over, a shaft has been sunk 150 feet, which showed it to straighten 
 up ond followed down a number , of stringers carrying $68 gold, 12 ounces 
 silver until they united in six f^et of solid ore. To the south of the mill 
 Is a cropping of rose quartz twenty feet high and thirty feet wide, averaging 
 $1 Kold according to a mill run. The inill In 1896 produced about $40,000 In 
 bullion 'and after a suspension in November, enforced by frost, was started 
 on February 1 and is now making a large monthly product of bullion. 
 
 Adjoining the Triune on the south is the Spokane group of three claims, 
 owned bv J. Barnett Mcliaren, of Vancouver, B C., who has a ten-stamp 
 mill on the shore of Wannicut Lake, a mile distant from the mine. A tunnel 
 has been run ninety feet on a three-foot ledge, with a drift sixty feet south, 
 a third sixty feet from the first, and a fourth connecting the first and third. 
 A thirty-four foot winze has been sunk at the face of the ninety- foot drift 
 and from it some of the richest ore in the^tnlne ha^ been taken. A forty- 
 foot tunnel has been run on a twelve-Inch stringer 500 feet further south and 
 a twentv-foot shaft is down on a four-foot ledge carrying galena which 
 assjays 20 ounces silver, $6 gold, The mill was run for six tnonths in 1893 on 
 ore often carrying $100 goldj. but much of the value was in sulphurets. to save 
 
 
100 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIl'IC NORTHWEST. 
 
 which concentrators were needed, and financial troubles followed during 
 which work has been suspended. , , , , , ;■ 
 
 Adjoining the Spokane is the Standard group of six claims, also ownea 
 by Mr. McLaren, on three parallel ledges. One of these is tapped by a 
 130-foot cross-cut and averages four feet wide, carrying about $4 gold. On 
 another a forty-foot shaft shows eight inches of $6 ore, and the third makes 
 a similar showing in a thirty-foot tunnel. , , ,„ ^ ^ , . - 
 
 Among the well-developed properties is the Leadvllle group of four claims 
 and two fractions on a series of parallel ledges, owned by John Judge. On 
 one of these, five to six feet wide, an elghty-flve foot shaft showed a twenty- 
 four inch pay streak to often widen to six feet. A tunnel ha3 been run 333 
 feet at a point 155 feet below and has been connected with the shaft by an 
 upraise. This gives a large body of ore in sight, which averages |20 gold, 
 though pockets of free gold have run as high as $5,000. Another ledge 18 
 shown to be ten feet wide by an open cut and has a pay streak assaying 
 $20 gold, on which a shaft is being sunk. The third ledge, five feet wide, 1» 
 shown up by a forty-foot shaft and has a pay streak from the croppinga 
 of which free gold can be taken and which assays $100. 
 
 One of the richest discoveries on Palmer Mountain was the Grand Summit, 
 which was located directly on the summit by John Enright and William 
 Tow) ?, The ledge is two to three feet wide and had a rich pocket near the 
 surface which assayed $39,000 a ton gold. A tunnel is in tlfty feet on the 
 ledge and a shaft is down forty feet, showing good average ore, of whlcl 
 fifty tons milled at the Ivanhoe and Black Bear mills, avoraged $20 gold. 
 
 Another fine showing has been made by John Malnwaring and Stephen 
 Naggy on the Gladstone group of three claims, through which run four par- 
 allel ledges, eighteen, fourteen, twelve and thirteen feet wide, bet'. -'en walls 
 of dlorite -^nd porphyry. About 500 feet of tunnel and drifting has been done, 
 one tunnel running 300 feet on one ledge, which could be tapped at great 
 depth from the base of the mountain. 
 
 On the summit of the mountain east of the Triune Is the Bullfrog group 
 of eight claims, bonded by Mrs. Adelbert Hart and Mr. J. Deu' to Mr. 
 Stevens, of La Grande, Or. Through them a seven-j-'oot ledge has ijeen 
 traced 3,000 feet along the apex of the mountain and a tunnel has been run 
 160 feet to cut the lead, and is now in ore, while two shafts forty and thirty- 
 six feet have been sunk on the lead. A shipment of 4,600 pounds returned 
 about $150 a ton in gold and silver, and twenty assays averaged $160 gold and 
 silver. Work is being pushed on the tunnel and shipment continues. 
 
 To the east of the Bullfrog is the Bellevue group of foi'r claims, on which 
 T?o<"y Brothers, of Pittsburg, have done over 250 feet of development work, 
 showing a high grade of gold and silver sulphuret ore and considerable 
 telluride. .Several tons shipped to the smelter have netted over $100 per ton, 
 while some of the ore bodies have assayed $400 to $500 per ton. 
 
 On the Ninety-two, between the Ivanhoe and Grand Summit, William 
 Deuel and William James have driven a tunnel 160 feet, showing three feet 
 of free milling ore which assays $12 to $15 gold. 
 
 One of the noted properties is the Rainbow group of ten claims, which 
 after many changes has come into the possession of the Anglo-American 
 Gold Mining and Milling Company. It was bonded in 1892 by H. A. Noble 
 and others, of Seattle, who erected a ten stamp mill without concentrators, 
 but through lack of skilled management failed to extract the value from 
 the ore and abandoned the property, selling the mill. The main ledge Is 
 shown four feet wide in a tunnel IHfv feet long, from which a winze was 
 sunk sixty-flve feet and a cross-cut I'as been run 312 feet, taoplng the ledge 
 128 feet below the surface. From thrse workings there are from 400 to 500 
 tons of ore on the dump, and asnays range from $5.61 to $323.94. On another 
 claim a 316-foot cross-cut taps the !' d^e at a depth of 110 feet, showing It 
 two to four feet wide, and a sixty-fort tunnel above is all in ore. Shafts 
 eighty and tea feet deep and a thlrtv-foot «p<n cut are said to define an 
 ore chute 180 feet long. Assays from this ledge ran In gold, $4.72. $295.84. $270.21. 
 On a third ledge shafts are down thirty and thirty-five feet, showing two to 
 three feet wide of ore carrying $25 In free gold and sulphurets. The six 
 remaining claims are undevelojed. Th*" company proposi s to erect a ten- 
 stamp mill this summer and, if conci ntrators are added and skilled men are 
 employed, may be expected to make it profitable. 
 
 Adjoli'ing the Rainbow S. J. Sincock has the Lancashire T^ass group of 
 four claims, on extensions of two of tlosi' on thf Rainbow and on a cross 
 ledge, running east and west. < On the latter a forty-two foot sh.ift shows 
 three feet of ore assaying $2"> gold. An eighteen-fcot shaft shows a number 
 of streaks of ore running ijito another ledge. Another ledge has a body of 
 Iron pyrites exposed by an open cut thirty feet long and six feet wide, with 
 no walls in sight. 
 
 Up the mountain fi^m this group is the Contention group of five dalmd, 
 owned by Mosher & McL. -,4ld, of Seattle, on two ledges crossing one another. 
 A ninety-five foot shaft s^nows thret; feet of free ninilng ore. on "vhlch a 
 drift has been run at the flfty-foot level, another drift at the bottom being 
 headed for the junction of the two ledges. 
 
 A mile north Is the Chicago group of four claims, which J. F. Jordan is 
 developing. A sixty-foot cross-cut has tupped a body of sulphide ore carry- 
 
-MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 101 
 
 Ing gold and silver, the cropplngs of which have been traced for half a mile. 
 A thirteen-foot shaft on this ledge shows ore assaying $16.40 silver, $3.60 
 lead, $64 gold. A tunnel shows another deposit of sulphide ore and a twenty- 
 foot shaft shows a twenty-four inch stringer, and another three-foot ledge 
 Is opened by a twenty-foot shaft and several open cuts. Further south on 
 the mountain Mr. Jordan has the Oro Fino, on which a thirty-five foot 
 U oMned shaft shows a five-foot ledge carrying gold, silver and platinum to 
 the value of $22.75. 
 
 The Wehe brothers have a group of fourteen claims on the east slope 
 of the mountain, some of which carry rich ore. A shaft forty-five feet deep 
 Bhows one ledge four feet wide with two feet of steel galena ore assaying 
 50 to 200 ounces silver and 1 to 2 ounces gold. A twenty-foot tunnel has 
 shown six to eight inches of galena in another ledge. Shafts twenty-five 
 and twenty feet deep show another ledge of three to four feet carrying galena, 
 with free gold on the surface, assays running $6, $37 and $120 gold and silver, 
 while bunches of tellurlde ore of course run much higher. Another ledge 
 forty feet wide, with three to four feet of pay ore, i? shown up by a forty- 
 foot cut and a tunnel of the same length. A forty-five foot shaft snows 
 six fec-t of ledge matter on another claim, with only one wall found. A 
 twenty-foot shaft shows another ledge carrying galena five feet wide, and 
 a fifteen-foot cut shows another eight feet wid^, of which the pay streak 
 carries $30 gold. On the Uncle Sam, a little to vhe south, Andrew O'Malley 
 has run a cross-cut eighty feet to tap a small ledge carrying galena. In 
 which a twenty-five foot shaft has shown ore assaying $4 gold, $41 silver 
 and 15 per cent. lead. 
 
 On the north end of the mountain, half a mile east of Patoier Lake, la the 
 Empire group o' four claims, owned by the Empire Mining Company. A 
 shaft eighty fc^t shows a ledge three feet and a tunnel sixty-eight feet 
 shows it six feet wide. The ore carries iron and coppe: pyrites and galena 
 and is free milling and concentrating, averaging $22 gold. A smaller vein 
 runs $160 gold and 300 ounces silver and shows native silver and free gold 
 on the cropplngs. 
 
 Attention has recently been fastened on the deposits of sulphide ore, 
 which the earlier prospectors passed over as worthless, on account of their 
 low surface values. The first rediscovery of this kind was on the Copper 
 World group of four claims on the summit, south of the Ivanhoe, which 
 John Wentworth and William Riley are now developing. The main ledge 
 has been traced for over a mi'e and is shown to be at least twenty-five feet 
 wide by a surface cross-cut, the surface ore assaying $5 gold, $2.50 silver, 
 33 per cent, copper. A phaft has been sunk fifty feet on the hanging wall 
 and drifting has so far not reached the footwall, this work all showmg 
 chalcopyrlte and Iron pyrites. On the extension of this ledge John Went- 
 worth and B. W. PembeT have the Copper King, showing eight to ten feet 
 of ore, which would be '.uf by an extension of the preat tunnel. 
 
 Adjolnipg tho Copper World Thomas Brown and William Riley have the 
 Ben Butler group of three claims on a ledge which Is widening from fifteen 
 inches In a twenty-fcot shaft and carries gold and copper, a surface assay 
 showing $7.80 gold. 
 
 Another great showing of sluphide ore has been made on ..he Kalamazoo 
 group, at the base of tho mountain, two miles from Loomis, by Messrs. 
 Harris and Boyd. After running an open cut thirty feet through cement 
 gravel, they cut two feet of white quartz, heavily charged with Iron and 
 Lopper sulphides and native copper. They then sank on it and defined it to 
 be at least fifty feet wide, of increasing value. 
 
 Another discovery of the same nature was made last October, one mile 
 north of the Ivanhoe, by George King and P. H. Pinkston, who have taken 
 tho Ironmaster and an extension. The ledge has an iron capping from 20 to 
 250 feet wide at various points and the cropplngs show iron .-•ulphldes and 
 a little copper, aesaying $6.19 and $4.19 gold and silver from two samples. 
 
 On the Defiance, on the south slope, the ffiverett Mining Company has 
 sunk 112 feet on a three-foot ledge of free milling ore, and at the ninety-seven 
 foot level has drifted forty feet south an;' forty-two feet north. Near this 
 J. M. Sparkman, Lotka & Allen and J. H. Sexton havo tunneled eighty-three 
 feet on a twelve-Inch vein carrying $10 gold and some copper in pyrites, on 
 which they have the Baltimore grouj, of threo clilras. In the same vicinity 
 George Paskel and the estate of John M. Hoi have the Combination on a 
 Bixteen-foot ledge of Siilphide ore canyir.g $12 gold and 5 ounces silver, which 
 will be cross-cut at a denth of 175 feet by a t-n-iel now in 200 feet. A twenty- 
 Inch stringer has already been cut by the tunnel. , ^ .. 
 
 Since the death of Okanogan Smith, all his claims along the Slmll- 
 kameen have come Into now hands. On the San Francisco group of three 
 Frank Orogan has run a tunnel sixty feet on a six-foot ledge of galena 
 carrying a little gold. On another lodge of galena eight or nine feet 
 wide John McDonald has timneled 100 feet and sunk ninety feet. Two milea 
 below th!8 la the Cabba, another of the Smt<^h c'.rJras, on a twelve-foot ledge 
 well mineralized with galena, on wMJn a shaft is down 100 feet. On the 
 Julia, on the north slope of Mount Ellemeham. Allan Roiste and Guy Fruit 
 have sunk eighty feet on a six-foot ledge of sulphide ore with a little gai-na, 
 four feet of which carries $60 gold, 112 ounces silver. 
 
102 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 Tho mopt work on the Slmllkamoen has been done by the Wyandotte 
 Alining, Milling and Smelting Company on the Wyandotte grou'j of six 
 olatma and two millsltes, running up the mountain from the left ba.ik of the 
 river, three miles south of the boundary. Near the summit of the mountain 
 i« a blanket ledge of free milling ore carrying $20 gold and $10 silver, twenty- 
 live to thirty inches wide, between granite walls. An inclined tunnel was 
 first run on the ledge and a few tons of the ore crushed in an arra&tre. From. 
 a shipment of one ton was rf alized $50 above freight and treatment charges. 
 Most of the work was done further down the mountain. The rir?t ledge 
 struck was iron pyrites between walls of porphyry and cryi^callized t:late, 
 running !0 degrees east of north and west of south, almost straight up and 
 down the mountain. At the surface it is six feet wide, but in an inclinea 
 tunnel it widened to fifteen feet in 150 feet. At this point a stone was madi 
 to get the tunnel level, and then it was turned westward to develop the leiis:. 
 Near the surface this tunnel cut a blanket ledge of white quartz tvc f ,6« 
 thick carrying free gold, whioh cut across the pyritiiS ledge, and eight' - ~*. 
 higher up" the mountain Is another blanket ledge c.ipplng 45 degrees i; ;.r 
 east, on which a tunnel has been run 400 feet. The pyrites ledge is co i ed 
 black with graphite and carries $8 gold, but no silver, while the lower bla.ikfct 
 ledge runs $15 to $20 gold in the discovery shaft, changed to 80 ounces sliver 
 in the course of the tunnel and afterward back to the original gold value. 
 On a parallel ledge of about the same size and character is a tunnel twenty- 
 live feet. Another parallel ledge between granite walls widened in a fifteen- 
 foot inclined shaft from ten inches to two feet, and increased in value from 
 SO ounces silver and no gold on the surface to 1 ounce gold and a trace of 
 silver in the first ftve feet, the gold value continuing to increase with depth. 
 
 The company last 'summer erected a cyanide plant of 100 tons' daily 
 capacity, undjer the direction of Dr. Paul Langhammer. It is operated by 
 a sixty-horsepower engine .nnd has an electric plant to furnish 200 lights. 
 The ore will be brought to the crushers by a 400-foot cable tramway, and a 
 cable ferry transports supplies across the river, thus shortening the distance 
 to Loomis to ten milts. The plant •'.vill be put in operation this spring and 
 meanwhile development Is being pushed to prepare large bodies of ore for 
 treatment. 
 
 The Wyandotte group is adjoined on the south by the Mammoth group 
 of three claims, on which the Mammoth Mining Company has sunk thirty 
 feet, showing an eight-foot ledge carrying pyrites which assays $36 to $18 
 gold. On the Pennsylvania J. E. I.,ongacre, W. E. Meek and J. A. Meek 
 have a blanket ledge twenty-eight inches wide, carryi.ig $42 silver and a 
 trace of gold, a twentj'-five foot tunnel showing It to turn into the mountain. 
 On the summit of the mountain they also have the Juanita on eighteen inches 
 of ore assaying $32 gold, $2 silver. 
 
 Following down the left bank of the Similkameen, one comes next to the 
 Curlew group of five claims, whtch Otto Hausing. Theodore Wilken and 
 Joseph liinton have taken on three parallel ledges of gold-bearing quartz, 
 each two to three feet wide on the surface between granite walls. Assays 
 from the surface give $40 to $80 gold and a little sliver, but one ledge carrf-^ 
 galena and another a streak of high-grade brittle silver. Next below these 
 are the three Rlverview claims, on which Mosher & McDonald, of Seattle 
 have sunk 100 feet on a four-foot ledge of low-grade ore. ' 
 
 . Across the river, on Mount Ellemeham, Stephen Cloud, William Bou- 
 chard, C. J. Sadcnwater and others, of Michigan City, Indiana, have th» 
 Hoosler group of three clnhns on a ledge forty-seven feet wide, which they 
 have traced from base to summit of the mountain. 
 
 On Kruger Mountain, which overlooks Oro f om the north and Is crossed 
 by the boundary, .ire ten or twelve parallel Iridges running east and west 
 carrying iron and copper sulphides, the country rock being hornblendic diorite 
 with dikes of schist and granite. The first locations were the Allison grouts 
 of five claims, nov owned by Dr. Langhammer, who is developing them and 
 has secured the power of Similkameen Falls to operate an electric plant 
 which he proposes to install, both to run a 100-ton cyanide plant and to light 
 t:.e town of Oro. A good body of gold-bearing sulphide ore has been shown 
 up in a sixty-foot shaft, the average value being $45 In gold with no silver 
 There are four veins, two five feet and two four feet wiCo. v>^!ch are beinff 
 opened by a 200-foot tunnel 192 feet below the i rfa''?. ' 
 
 The Mammoth Mining Company has the Black Y 'niur or; " "« mountain 
 on two parallel ledges, each fi\e and one-half feet wide, "'if ' rylng Iron 
 and copper pyrites, the other carrying galena. On- ledste is uimost flat and 
 the hanging wall appears to have been carried away by gidcicrs three shafts 
 having been sunk on it. The galena ledge assays $60 gold and silver and 
 20 per cent, lead, the pyrites ledge $53 gold, 220 ounces sMver. 
 
 Joseph Bertrand has, on the Warsaw, a six-foot ledge of free mlUInfr ore 
 carrying $18 gold, 20 ounces silver, on which he has sunk an Inclined shaft 
 Blxty-flve feet and which he has traced 600 feet. mcunea snart 
 
 On the British side of tho mountain the fl.'st discovery was the Gold DuHt 
 by George A. Engel and W. F, Keller, who have two claims on four parallel 
 ledges and one cross edge, one of which they have cross-cut for eighteen 
 feet without striking the footwall. The ore assays from $4 gold, 6 per cent. 
 
 i 
 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 103 
 
 ndotte 
 of six 
 of the 
 untaln 
 wenty- 
 el was 
 From, 
 tiarges. 
 K ledge 
 I trtate, 
 up and 
 ncUnea 
 a mad-^ 
 PI leUs- 
 sr(i f'.V' 
 
 it: - -*■ 
 
 CO t '-'li 
 
 bla.ik«=t 
 ■s silver 
 i value, 
 twenty- 
 flfteen- 
 ue from 
 trace of 
 h depth. 
 is' daily 
 rated by 
 lights. 
 y, and a 
 distance 
 ring and 
 t ore for 
 
 th group 
 ik thirty 
 S16 to $18 
 A. Meek 
 ;r and a 
 tiountaln. 
 en Inches 
 
 xt to the 
 Iken and 
 g quartz, 
 
 Assays 
 fe carr'Crt 
 low these 
 
 Seattle, 
 
 iam Bou- 
 have the 
 hlch they 
 
 g crossed 
 and west, 
 die dlorlte 
 son group 
 
 them and 
 :ric plant, 
 id to light 
 een shown 
 
 no silver. 
 
 are being 
 
 rillllng ore, 
 lined shaft 
 
 Gold Dust, 
 mr parallel 
 jr eighteen 
 6 per cent. 
 
 I 
 
 
 copper and 2 ounces silver up to $20 gold, 18 per cent, copper and 5 ounces 
 silver. The Dividend is on the extension of these ledges and George Bauer- 
 man and Benjamin Anderson have stripped the northerly one to a width of 
 sixteen feet and the southerly to a width of twenty feet, the ore assaying $12. 
 The same parties have the Lakeview, on which a twenty-foot tunnel snows 
 four feet of ore and a cross-cut defines the ledge as eight feet wide, assays 
 running $14 gold, 4 per cent, copper. On the Lakeview extension W. T. 
 Thompson haa four ledges, a cross-cut showing one to be ten feet wide. 
 Another Lakeview, on the American side of the line, is owned by E. J, 
 Goddard and B. O. P. Farrar and has a ledge three feet wide on the surface, 
 showing a good deal of free gold, which has been traced for 300 feet, but a 
 shaft which is now sixty-five feet deep shows it to have split Into two 
 two-foot ledges. They are believed to come together again deeper. Assays 
 average $12 gold, 12 per cent, copper, 4 ounces silver, though some specimens 
 have run much higher. On the Calumet James Anderson and K. D. Boeing 
 have a ledge twenty to thirty feet wide containing rich streaks of two to 
 three feet carrying petzlte. This mineral is 23 per cent, gold, 43 per cent. 
 Fllver, 34 per cent, tellurium, and picked pieces of ore assay as high as $l!>,000, 
 the average, however, being about $40. The ledge has been cross-cut. On 
 the Gold Hill, bonded to Capt. Hall, of Rossland, for $8,800, a twenty-flve foot 
 shaft showed six feet of quartz, with only one wall in sight. On the Inter- 
 national, bonded to George Canfleld, of Oakesdale, and G. H. Norton, of 
 Kettle Falls, a twenty-flve foot shaft shows a four-foot ledge assaying 27 
 per cent, copper, $4 gold. The Satellite, bonded to Capt. Hell for $3,000, has 
 a drift on the ledge about fifty feet and several open cuts, showing four 
 feet of ore which averages $10 gold. The Copper King, also under bond to 
 Capt. Hall, has a cross-cut four or five feet long, showing eighteen to twenty 
 Inches of copper sulphides, which assay $12 gold and 6 per cent, copper. The 
 Copper Queen, which Is believed to be on the Copper King lead, has a three- 
 foot ledge of quartz, carrying copper sulphides, but no work has been done 
 and no assaj's have been made. The New York, which Is bonder' to Mr. Can- 
 field, has a shaft twelve feet deep and a crosscut on a five-foot ledge, which 
 shows well In gold and copper, though no assays have been taken. The 
 Frosty, which Is on the American side adjoining the New York, has a shaft 
 ten feet deep on two and one-half feet of ore similar to the Gold Dust, which 
 assays $9 gold and 15 per cent, copper. 
 
 On the steep face of Mount Chapaca, directly opposite the Wyandotte 
 ird 1,500 feet above the river, is the Rush group of three claims, located on 
 :r true fissure vein running almost north and eouth, and owned by the 
 i-apaca Mining Company. A shaft was sunk on the ledge and a drift 
 •!>a 200 feet northward further down the mountain, where there Is a 
 age four to six feet, which aMays from 20 to 200 ounces of silver and some- 
 ,.,i.:ca as high as $20 gold. An inclined shaft Was sunk 175 feet and drifts 
 w>-ro run both ways at the 100 and 175 foot levels, showing the ledge from 
 f,- to eight feet. The compnny then started a tunnel to strike the ledge at 
 ;, 'J«pth of 400 feet and cut three ledges with it, one of which did not show 
 on the surface. At the point where it was struck, the main ledge was quite 
 small, but drifting north and south showed It to widen to fifteen feet, aver- 
 aging 200 ounces. The other two ledges were twenty-two Inches, running 
 $"22 gold, and three feet, running $8 gold. A shaft was then sunk 175 feet 
 from the upper drift for the purpose of connecting the two drifts, and In 
 places it showed ore fifteen feet wide. Altogether, about 1,600 feet of develop- 
 ment work has been done. 
 
 The next largest showing on Mount Chapaca has been made by J. W. 
 Miller and George Redpath, of Seattle, on the Grandview group of eight 
 claims, with two mlllsltes. They have one great ledge of free milling 
 quartz nineteen and one-half to twenty-two feet wide, running diagonally 
 across four claims, on which they have run an open cross-cut and tunnel, 
 showing two to fifteen Inches of decomposed quartz on the hanging wall, 
 which assavs $115 to $484 gold, and five to six feet in the center assaying $6 to 
 $i.i gold, a" thirty-three foot shaft also showfi up this ledge. A parallel ledge 
 Is shown fourteen feet wide by an open cut and tunnel of 110 feet and carries 
 ore in the center of five or six feet, from which gold can be- panned. A three- 
 foot cross ledge has four to eighteen inches of ore in a thirteen-foot shaft, 
 assaying $33 to $270 gold. Three small parallel seams of similar character 
 have merelv been prospected. Another similar ledge is shown from six 
 inches to five feet wide bv open cuts twenty-eight, twonty-nine and thirty-six 
 feet long, and assays from $37 to $280 gold. Two parallel ledges, eight and 
 Ihirteon feet wide, on the same two claims, have not been developed. In the 
 f.ill of 189C one of the ioeations was made on a latge iron capping, of which 
 the surface ore assayed $2 to $6 gold and 5 to 29 per cent, copper, being tjplcal 
 copper sulphldep. Another ledge is two and one-half feet wide and a twenty- 
 nine foot open cut and tunnel shows twelve to fourteen Inches of Smelting 
 ore carrying about $'* gold and silver, besides quite a per centage of copper. 
 Half a mile south of the boundary, on Mount Chapaca, Allan and George 
 Relste have the Golden /one and an extension on a ledge which a 150-foot 
 tunnel shows to be widening, with a continuous chute of ore carrying free 
 gold and sulphurets. One ton of ore from the croppings milled $22 on the 
 plates and assays average $40. On the Summit J. D. Llndburg and Clay 
 
104 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 Taylor have a 140-foot tunnel on a six-foot ledge assaying $22 free gold. 
 on the south end of Mount Characa is an iron cap fifty to seventy feet wide, 
 which has been traced through four claims— the Copper King, by George 
 Mlllberg; the Mammoth, by "W. A. Berry; the Eclipse, by Peter Berg, arid 
 the Double Standard, by VV. P. Kurtz. On the Double Standard, which w^ 
 only discovered last spring, a shaft Is down ten feet on copper and Iron 
 pvrltes and la being continued. Surface assays on the Eclipse show $11 gold, 
 and the oxidized cropplngs on the Copper King show $12 and $16 gold, with 
 traces of copper and silver. 
 
 Separated fi n Mrtunt Chapaca by Teats Coulee on the north Is Gold Hill 
 
 on which free a 
 4 000 feet above t. ( 
 to eight feet wide • 
 northeast and soiiti; 
 to the northwest. Th 
 
 ilscovered in lfc92. The ledges are at an elevation oi 
 ad 2,000 leet below the summit, and range from four 
 ;d porphyry dike, cutting the formation. They run 
 ', and are almost perpendicular, with a slight dip 
 quartz carries free gold, but most of the gold value 
 is contained in hematite of Iron, there being but little silver. Assays average 
 $10 gold, though specimens have run as high as $2,000. The plon.jer location 
 was the E Plurlbus, by D. O. Chilson, of I.,oomls, and the Moody brothers, 
 of Spokane, who have sunk shafts ten to twenty-six feet on the led^e, show- 
 ing It to be four to ten feet wide. At the bottom of the deepest shaft the 
 ledge is seven and one-half feet and averages $10 In gold. The northeast 
 extension of the R Pliiribus Is the Frankie Girl, owned by .'Jenjamln Hall 
 and Daniel Mulcahy, of Loomls, and W. R. Hensley, of San Francisco. Tliey 
 have sunk several shafts ten to eighty-*' ;e feet. In the deepest of which the 
 vein varies from four to seven feet, of the same grade as the B VlurlbuB, 
 though some assays run very hlgii. A narrower parallel vein nuu .irough 
 these two claims and Is equally rich. On a parallel ledge northeast of the 
 E Plurlbus Henry Wellington and Ij. D. Burton have the CTieve and have 
 made a twenty-foot open cut and started to extend It with a tunnel, showing 
 about fifteen feet of low-grade ore. On another parallel vein Ijoster Sly, 
 William Robinson and W. R. Hensley have the Golden Fleece, on which they 
 have sunk shafts flfty-five feet on the hanging wall showing two and i>ne- 
 half feet of ore, and thirty-five feet on the footwall, showing three feet of 
 the same grade as the B Plurlbus. 
 
 Fifteen miles west of Loomls, at the head of Toats Coulee, D. G. Chllson 
 has the Oceanic and Majestic on a six-foot ledge between granite walls, 
 which has been traced 3,000 feet. A shaft twenty feet and openings along 
 the ledge are said to show ore the full width, twenty assays of which range 
 from $10 to $90 gold and silver. Of this value 65 per cent Is free gold and the 
 remainder In sulphurets. 
 
 West of Gold Hill Is the El Dorado group of three claims, owned by Lee 
 Brothers & Barney, through all of which a ledge at least ten feet wide can 
 be traced. A shaft Is down fifteen or twenty feet on each claim and openings 
 along the ledge show free gold on the surface, assays ranging from $10 to 
 $3S, mostly In gold. The same owners have the Sunnyslde a mile further 
 west, on a ten-foot ledge of free milling ore, which assays $15 to $20 gold and 
 sliver from a twenty-live foot shaft. 
 
 Flowing into the Sinlehekin from the south side of Gold Hill is Cecile 
 Creek, which has on Its banks some rich ledges of Iron and copper pyrites. 
 On the Little Falls H. M. Redmond has a two-foot vein of quartz exposed 
 throughout the depth of a fifty-foot shaft, and assaying from $20 to $350 gold. 
 The Hercules, owned by the Hercules Mining Company, of Pittsburg, has an 
 iron cap eighty feet wide between walls of dlorlte, running east and west 
 and pitching north about 45 degrees. Several cross-cuts on the cropping ha.ve 
 traced the cap rock for over a mile, for which distance It has been located. 
 Surface assays give $2 gold, 5 to 9 ounces of silver and traces of copper, and 
 development, which Is now being prosecuted, shows high-grade gold-copper 
 ore. 
 
 On Douglas Mountain, south of Cecile Creek, are a series of ledges of 
 quartz running high in gold. The country formation is granite, like that of 
 Gold Hill, and the ledges are in a porphyry dike running northeast and south- 
 west, carrying more copper than those of Gold Hill. The first location Wa« 
 the tJtlca, by D. G. Chilson, John Boyd, Daniel Mulcahy and H. M. Perdue, 
 who have a shaft fifty-eight feet on the hangln£ wall, showing ore the full 
 width of five feet. An open cut from the footwall seventy-five feet from the 
 shaft runs thirty feet toward the latter and Is all In vein matter heavily 
 impregnated with hematite. Assays average $12 to $15 In gold, silver ana 
 copper. On the Oro Fino, the northeast extension of the Utlca. D. O. Chilson 
 and John Woodruff have a cross-cut twenty feet and a shaft fifteen feet, 
 showing a vein four feet wide, which assays as high as $60 gold. On the H6d 
 Jacket, a mile north of the Utlca, R. H. Redmond has a shaft forty feet on 
 a three-foot vein of fine ore, from which he sorted and shipped two tons of 
 the highest grade and obtained returns of $80. 
 
 Across the Sinlehekin from Mount Douglas and Gold Hill is Aeneas 
 Mountain, a ridge extending many miles south of Loomls and rising to a 
 height of 2,800 feet above the town, on which are a series of parallel ledges 
 of iron and copper pyrites, carrying gold and wearing red Iron caps. The 
 ledges run northeast and southwest across the granite and dlorlte formatloil. 
 Seattle men are most active on this mountain, having Joined with Loomto 
 
^ININO IN THE PACIFIC KORTHWBBT. 
 
 •1(16 
 
 eitlaens to form the Detroit-Windsor Mill and Aimlngr Company and develop 
 tbe Detroit-Windsor group of five claims, seven miles south of X^ooittiS. 
 iniree claims are on a ledge capped with Iron for a width of fourteenTifcei. 
 with granite and dlorlte for the hanging wall and granitic porphyry t&v tMe 
 footwall, the ledge cutting the formation up the mountain and being tlfat&M 
 through the three claims. A shaft Is down 100 feet, showing Iron and copper 
 pyrites, and a crosd-cut at the ninety-foot level shows It to have widened to 
 eighteen feet. Assays have ranged from |10 gold and 2 per cent, copper to 
 135 for both values, the copper ranging from 2 to 5 per cent, and the average 
 value being $15 to $20 for the whole width of the lodge. The two other claims 
 are on a parallel ledge lower down the mountain. The work so far done has 
 demonstrated the permanence and value of the ledge. The shaft will now 
 be continued to a depth of 120 or 1.10 feet and then a cross-cut will be run to 
 tap the lea re at a depth of 400 feet. The nature of the ground makes It 
 possible to i.ttaln a depth of 1,000 feet with a l.BOO-foot cross-cut. 
 
 . The two ridges of Aeneas Mountain which shut in Horse Spring Coulee 
 have become the scene of mineral locations for a distance of six miles. The 
 principal group here Is the Treasury, of six claims, on which M. P. McConkey 
 has been working for five years and in which he lately Interested a Seattle 
 company. Four claims are on a twenty-four foot ledge of rose quartz, on 
 which a shaft is down eighty feet in ore assaying about $80 gold, and a 
 number of open cuts have been made. A cross-cut has been run 200 iteet 
 and has cut a parallel ledge, the expectation being that in 800 feet more It 
 will cut the main ledge at a depth of 500 feet. Assays run from $8 golcl 
 upwards and some of it has been milled in an arrastre. 
 
 Further to the east, on the same ridge, Ed Manuel and a number ef 
 others hava located a string of claims on a belt of iron-capped ledges of 
 sulphide ore, which has been traced for three miles north and ?outh and tor 
 a width of two miles east and west. The ledges are twenty to thirty feet 
 wide between dlorlte walls, and surface assays show $2 to $4 gold and 8 oer 
 cent, copper, while some have run as high as $70. 
 
 THE COLVILLE RESERVATION. 
 
 This broad stretch of country, comprising the central part of the northern 
 half of Washington, had long been a forbidden land to the ubiquitous ores- 
 pector, when, on February 20, 1896, the northern half of it ^as thrown open 
 to mineral entry. It Is usual to exaggerate the unknown, and the great min- 
 eral discoveries made on the north, east and west had given good ground 
 for the general belief that this land, given over to the Indian farmers and 
 hunters, abounded in mineral deposits of great wealth. Actual observation 
 has confirmed this belief, and development on quite a number of claims dur- 
 ing the past year has proved the previously accepted theory that the area 
 of eruptive rock ve^lned with sulphide ore. which has made Trail Creek fa- 
 mous, Is only one of a series of such areas extending throughout the country 
 to the south and west. Many of the ledges of sulphide ore have proved to 
 be equally rich In gold with the average of those In Trail Creek, and some far 
 richer in copper than the best In that district, nor do they yield anything In 
 the size of the ore bodies. On the eastern border of the reservation is a belt 
 of galena ledges, and over to the northwest, on Myers Creek and its tribu- 
 taries, and on the head waters of Eureka Creek, Is a belt of free-miling ore 
 bodies of Immense size. The sulphide ore belt seems to cover the greater 
 part of the country opened, for it has been traced through the whole stria 
 extending from the boundary south to Kettle Falls, between the Columbia 
 and Kettle Rivers; also along the watershed of Kettle River, where It flows 
 meandering from west to east. 
 
 The reservation Is fast being made accessible from all directions by means 
 at roads, although no railroad as yet enters Its confines. From the weet 
 the Great Northern Railroad will take you 174 miles to Wena + ^hee, and the 
 Columbia River steamer City of Ellensburg will carry you on to JOhniu>n 
 Creek, 130 miles, during the period of high water, which is from May 1*0 
 August 1. Thence the Journey must be made on horseback, ten Miles up 
 the Okanogan River road to Tenasket schoolhouse, thirty-three and one-htftf 
 miles by the state road to Curlew lAke and thirty miles down Curlew Crm^ 
 to Kettle River. From the east the starting point If Spokane, whence the 
 Sjiokane Falls & Northern Railroad will take you 102 miles to Marcus, ] 
 miles to Boasburg a ISO miles to Northport. The state road runs fta 
 Marcus up Kettle River and across country to Curlew Lake, which la 
 center of the northern half of the reservation, to which all roads lead. Ho 
 also cut ac/oss country from BoSsburg and Northport to Empire Camp, p<| 
 Lake and other mining centers which have sprung up within a year, fori „ 
 crossing the OoltMflabla at all these towns. The route from the south is 'by 
 the Central Washington Railroad from Spokane to Wilbur, ninety-one nilli^, 
 and thence by rood across the Big Bend and up the Sans Poel River to 
 Eureka Camp, sisty-two miles, this road connecting with t'.aat leading down 
 
loe 
 
 MININQ IN THE PACll IC NORTHWEST. 
 
 Curlew Creek. The Sans Poel & Columbia River Perry & Transportation 
 Company has established a free ferry on the Columbia at the mouth of the 
 Sans Poel, and will complete the forty-eight miles of road to Eureka Camp 
 by the end of April. This will materially reduce the distance by the present 
 Sans Poel trail. 
 
 Reliable Information an to the geology of this great area 1h scanty, and la 
 •only obtainable In scraps as to restricted tracts of country which have come 
 under the personal observation of some Individual. The simile applied to 
 the Trail Creek country by Mr. Woodhouse, quoted In another chapter, would 
 seemingly apply here also. As water pours through a hole broken In Ice, so 
 the eruptive rocks have burst through the older formation In patches and 
 are generally veined with sulphide ore ledges, the richest of which are found 
 •along the edges of the area of eruption. The country rock is generally 
 dlorlte, as In Trail, and the ledges have the same characteristics in the 
 sulphide ore belt. This description applies to the eastern and northeastern 
 part of the reservation. In the northwest different characteristics prevail, 
 which will 09 described later in this chapter. 
 
 Within a few miles of the boundary, on the mountains through which 
 Sheep Creek flows from Red Mountain Into the Columbia River, there Is an 
 extension southward of the Trail Creek formation, In which mucn develop- . 
 ment work is being done. On a series of five iron-capped ledges, ten to fifty 
 feet wide, running northwest and southeast between walls of syenite and 
 dlorite, is the Bh-^.on group of twelve claims, owned by the Blrton Gold Min- 
 ing & Milling Company. A shaft is down thirty-five feet on one ledge, show- 
 ing the gold value to increase from $3 on the surface to $10, in Iron and 
 copper pyrites, and a contract has been let for 100 feet more on this shaft. 
 The property Is only one and one-half miles from the Red Mountain Rail- 
 road and six miles from Northport, where the erection of a smelter is under 
 contemplation, and In that case freight and treatment would cost only $7. 
 
 Adjoining the B' con, the Fidelity Gold & Copper Company has the 
 Fidelity group of six claims on an elghl-foot ledge. A seventy-six-foot shaft 
 shows thirty Inches of pyrltic ore, assaying $12.80 gold, 4 per cent, copper, and 
 two smaller shafts and a thirty-foot tunnel show low grade ore throughout. 
 
 On a mountain rising from Sheep Creek, three miles by wagon road from 
 the Red Mountain Railroad and twelve miles from Northport, is the Rich 
 Four group of four claims, which the Rich Four Mining & Milling Company 
 is developing. Three claims are on an iron-capped ledge cropping forty to 
 110 feet wide through their whole length in a ravine with perpendicular walla 
 fifty to 150 feet high. The ledge Is slate mixed with white quartz, all more 
 •r less mineralized with gold, one streak of quartz showing near the hanging 
 wall. The other claim is on a similar ledge sixty feet wide, across the sum- 
 mit of the mountain. 
 
 The greatest showing so far on this part of the reservation is on the Big 
 Iron, one and one-half miles from the boundary, five miles from the Red 
 Mountain Railroad and eight miles north of Pierre Lake, which the Big 
 Iron Mining Company Is opening. Some conception of the extent ot the 
 garface showing can be formed from the fact that the location was made 
 ky a man so ignorant of the mining laws that he only covered the actual 
 area of the outcrop, and yet this is a tract 450x250 feet. This is a huge blow- 
 •ut of blue iron, in some places twenty to thirty feet thick, covering a body 
 •t gold-copper ore, of which diligent development has failed to define the 
 extent. A shaft Is down seventy-five feet, all in mineral, and a cross-cuv. 
 Ut feet Is also all in mineral and has not struck either wall, passing through 
 two good pay streaks seven and two feet wide. The pay ore is iron and 
 copper pyrites, assaying % to IV^ ounces gold, 2 to 5 ounces silver and 3% to 5 
 per cent, copper, while the ledge matter Is very slUcious, with the mineral 
 apparently free, carrying $1 to |10 gold and very little copper. 
 
 Adjoining this property, on the same and parallel ledges, is the Little Iron 
 group, owned by L. D. W Shelton, W. C. Morris and Edward Maloney. 
 
 Ore of the same character as at Trail Creek, but often running higher 
 in copper, is being taken out of a number of properties around Pierre Lake, 
 which Is about midway between the Columbia and Kettle Rivers, some miles 
 south of the boundary and sixteen miles from Bossburg. The ledges in thla 
 district are enclosed in porphyry dikes filling true fissures In diorlte and 
 •yenlte, striking northeast by southwest. 
 
 The Little Giant Mining Company has sunk 100 feet on the Little Giant, 
 following three feet of copper pyrites, which assays over $100 gold ." nd copper. 
 At forty feet the shaft broke through the supposed hanging wa! into more 
 •re of the same grade. A drift Is being run from the shaft and 100 sacks 
 •f ore have been shipped, being hauled over a road built by the company. 
 
 The Bald Eagle Gold Mlnlnp' Company Is developing the Bald Eagle 
 croup of five claims in the same district. Three claims are on a ledge which 
 has been traced through them and through ten adjoining claims. It oropa 
 ten feet wide and shows somewhat greater width in a thlrty-flve-foot shaft. 
 Another claim is on a parallel and the fifth on a cross ledge, which have 
 been clearly traced by cropplngs. Work on the shaft was stopped by water 
 and ore gaa— the latter a favorable Indication— but will be resumed when a 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 107 
 
 pump and fan have been erected. The surface ore assayed $7 gold and 4.14 
 per cent, copper. 
 
 The Syndicate group of five claims, owned by the Syndicate Gold Mining 
 Company— an allied corporation to the Bald Eagle— has two claims on paiallei 
 ledges cropping three to six feet wide and running through into a third claim, 
 which is located crosswise. A cross-cut, which Is in twenty-flve feet, will 
 tap one ledge in fifteen feet more, when drifts will be run both ways. An- 
 other claim in the group has an iron capping four or five feet wide, thoroughly 
 mineralized, and a fifth has four feet of ore in a fifteen-foot shaft, assaying 
 |13 gold, $2.17 silver and 19 per cent, copper. 
 
 The Little Gem group of four claims, three miles northwest of Pierre 
 Lake, owned by the Lincoln Mining & Development Company, has a quartz 
 ledge cropping two and one-half Inches wide and increasing to nine inches 
 in a seventy-flve-foot shaft. Assays have run 34 ounces silver, $3.60 gold and 
 6 per cent, copper. 
 
 Two miles east of Pierre Lake the Colville Gold Mining Compa.iy has the 
 Mackinaw group of four claims. Three of these are on an Iron-capped ledge 
 thirty feet wide, traced for 2,000 feet, which a short inclined shaft shows t« 
 be heavily charged with chalcopyrite, increasing every foot. Another claim 
 Is on a parallel ledge of the same character, on which a shaft Is being sunk. 
 The same company has the Fldalgo on a twenty-flve-toot ledge at the foot 
 of Jumbo Mountain, one mile south. Near the head of Pierre Creek this 
 company has the Eldorado group of four claims on three ledges which have 
 been traced for over a mile, and it also has two claims in the Curlew Camp 
 aaid three in the Eureka Camp. The company proposes to sink a shaft on 
 the Mackinaw group. 
 
 Near the head of Pierre Creek and eight miles from the Spokane Falls & 
 Northern Railroad, the Churchill Mining & Milling Company has the Churchill 
 group of four claims on three lodges of sulphide f^ro of great width. A shaft 
 Is down thirty feet on one of these, in a good body of ore, carrying gold, with 
 gray copper and chalcopyrite coining In. Assays at five feet were $6.40 and at 
 thirty feet $18.60 In all values. 
 
 Five miles southeast of Pierre Lake and ten miles northwest of Bossburg, 
 the Centennial Mining & Smelting Company is sinking on the Centennial 
 group of ten claims, which has an iron cap over six feet deep. A sixty-foot 
 shaft cut three streaks of arsenical iron ore, assaying $8 to $18 gold and copper. 
 The shaft will be sunk forty feet more and then a drift wi.l be run on the 
 dip of the ledge, which is expected to show the streaks all running togethes'. 
 
 Near the sources of Flat Creek, ten miles west of Northport, the Quadra 
 Mining Company will this spring begin development of the Quadra group of 
 four claims. The cropping is an iron cap twenty-flve feet wide and a 
 twenty-eight-foot cross-cut has pierced the footwall and run three feet oh 
 mineralized ledge matter, assaying $4 gold, $1.17 silver, besides copper. 
 
 West of this group the Searchlight Gold Mining Company has the Search- 
 light group of four clalihs on two ledges, which crop about forty feet wide. 
 
 On the north fork of Fifteen-Mile Creek the Alert Gold Mining Company 
 has five claims on as many different ledges, ranging from ten feet upwards. 
 A forty-eight-foot cross-cut has shown four feet of ore in one of them, carry- 
 ing $6 gold, besides silver and copper. 
 
 On Iron Mountain, at the head of Flat Creek, R. B. Lane and Ledgerwoo4 
 Bros, have the Lafayette group of four c laims on an iron capping 100 feet 
 v/lde, and on the divide .atween Flat and Pierre Creeks they have the X-Bjuy 
 group of eight, on which an Iron cap forty-four feet wide has been trace* 
 2,000 feet. 
 
 The Seattle Gold & Cooper Mining & Milling Company will this season 
 develop the Lucky Dog group of seven claims on sevo-ral ledges between 
 Pierre Lake and Saratoga Mountain, with a placer claim on Kettle River. 
 Two claims are on a ledge near Pierre Lake cropping four feet, on which a 
 fifteen-foot crotjs-cut shows streaks of sulphide ore aggregating eighteen 
 Inches. This cross-cut is being continued to strike the ledge In sixty feet, 
 when drifts will be run. Four more are on two similar ledges two and one- 
 half miles from Bossburg, and another is on Toulou Mountain, west of the 
 Kettie River wagon road, which shows pyrites in the cropping^, but has not 
 yet been defined. 
 
 The Kettle River Mining & Milling Company has the Saratoga group ot 
 six claims on the ridge between Kettle and Columbia Rivers, from two to 
 five miles up the road from Marcus. The Saratoga Is on a mountain of the 
 same name, on which there is an iron cap 200 feet wide. A sixty-foot crosa- 
 cut shows the whole ledge to be mineralized with copper and iron sulphidea, 
 and has cut three streaks of solid ore, each about six Inches wide, assaying 
 $47.80 in gold, sliver, copper and Ifead. The five other claims are all on one 
 large Iron-capped ledge two and one-half miles further south, in which an 
 open cut 200 feet long and ten feet wide showed ore assaying $4.95 gold, and a 
 trace of silver, besides copper. 
 
 The Sunnyslde Group Mining Company has great ore bodies on its seven 
 claims, immediately south of the last-named group. There are two parallel 
 ledges, with four claims on one and three on the other. A cross-cut, after 
 running fifteen feet through dlorite, has passed for forty-eight feet through 
 
108 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 ledge matter carrying streaks of sulphide ore, and has not struck the hanging 
 wall. A shaft Is down twenty feet In ore, four assays of which ran from 
 $31 to $48 In gold, silver and copper, Including 14 per cent, copper. The com- 
 paoy Is InBtalUng a steam drill and hoist. 
 
 On the Nest Egg, at the rock cut In the stage road fifteen miles from Bos»- 
 burg, T. S. Burgoyne, Hon. W. C. Jones, Dr. Edward Plttwood and W. W. 
 Stearns have an iron-capped ledge In which a 100-foot tunnel shows good ore, 
 carrying gold, silver and copper. 
 
 On the Scotia, on Toulou Mountain, a 200-foot cross-cut has tapped an 
 eighteen-foot ledge of sulphide ore. 
 
 Adjoining the Sunnyslde Is ihe Empire group of four claims on a ledge 
 of sulphide ore cropping thirty to eighty feet wide, the iron capping of which 
 carries from $4 to $7 gold. The Empire Mining Company is now beginning 
 development. 
 
 On the mountain fronting Northport from the east bank of the Columbia 
 River, and within one and one-half miles by wagon road from the Red 
 Mountain Railroad, is a series of ledges of galena and sulphide ore, of great 
 size, which were the prize of a hot race between prospectors on the night of 
 the opening of the reservation. They crop very clearly for over a mile 
 parallel with a broad silicate dike, which is plainly visible from the. opposite 
 bank of the river, and runs northeast by southwest. The first location was 
 the Mountain View or Contention, which Is the subject of a contest among 
 rival claimants. It shows elKht inches of galena In the croppings, and in a 
 forty-seven-foot shaft on the side of the mountain shows a good body of 
 galena and sulphides. 
 
 On the extension of this ledge and on parallel ledges, the Coiville Reser- 
 vation Mining Company has the Mountain View Extension group of four 
 claims. The Mountain View ledge has been tanned by a seventy-flve-foot 
 cross-cut, which shows four feet of ore carrying galena and sulphides and 
 assaying $11 to $64 In gold and silver, but has not yet reached the further wall. 
 A winze will now be BU.ik from the face of the cross-cut. 
 
 The Coyote group of three claims, which has been bonded for develop- 
 me>nt by William Adams and others of Northport to John Leary, Oeorge 
 Kinnear and A. H. Manning, of Seattle, has a cropping at least fifteen feet 
 wide and in a fifty-foot shaft shows ten to thlrty-slx Inches of ore, carrying 
 $?J gold and silver. This shaft will be sunk to the 200-foot level this summer, 
 und a test shipment of twenty tons will be made when spring opens.- 
 
 The White Horse, owned by A. W. Ryan, Is on the Mountain View ex- 
 tension, and the Bald Eagle, by Messrs. Harris, McFadden and others. Is on 
 the supposed extension. 
 
 On one of these ledges, ten to twenty feet wide, between walls of slate and 
 dlorite, the White Otter Gold & Sliver Mining Company has the White Otter, 
 which will be developed this year. The ledge matter is lime quas-tz, with 
 streaks of porphyrltlc quartz, and one ore chute of gold-bearing galena Is 
 exposed In the croppings. It cuts an abrupt hill at right angles, so that, 
 by tunneling, great depth can be attained at short distance. 
 
 On three of these ledges the Northport Development Company has the 
 Iron Horse group of nine claims, through which the quartz has been traced. 
 On the Mountain View ledge a cross-cut of forty feet Is all In mineralized 
 qnaurtz. with eight feet of ore, and a shaft Is down forty-five feet. Another 
 ledgfe has an Iron cap thirty to forty feet wide and the third is three or four 
 feet, showing galena. Surface ore assayed $14 to $25 gold, sliver and copper. 
 The company will run a 400-foot cross-cut, tapping two ledges at a depth of 
 360 feet. 
 
 The most famous series of mineral croppings on the reservation is on La 
 Fleur Mountain, at the head of Koos Moos Creek, directly south of th» 
 boundary, being an extension of Smith's Camp in the Boundary Creek dis- 
 trict. The La Fleur was discovered years ago, and numbers of men have 
 since been carrying specimens of peacock copper from It as evidence of the 
 inineral wealth that awaited development In this closed country. The result 
 was the systematic movement in the winter of 1895-6 for the opening of 
 the northern half of the reservation to mineral entry, which was crowned 
 with success on February 20, 1896. A race for the La Fleur from Marcus 
 followed between several rival claimants, and contesting locations were made. 
 Tbo ground of one claim was that congress had opened the reservation by an 
 «ct passed In 1892, and that the president's proclamation was unnecessary, 
 aU locations made in the Interval being valid. This claim was sustained by 
 the United States courts, and the contest has recently been compromised 
 iKitween the Comstock and La Fleur companies, the La Fleur being now held 
 aaithe Butte, together with its extension, the Oomstock, 1 - the Comstock 
 liining & Milling Company. 
 
 The croppings of this ledge were great masses of poacock copper or 
 bomite forty to fifty feet wide. A shaft fifty feet deep shows the ledge flv* 
 feet between walls, with two and one-half feet of solid ore averaging |75 a 
 ton, viz., 30 to 45 per cent, copper and the remainder In silver. On the Com- 
 stOMtk a shaft has been sunk making a similar showing. 
 
 The Lone Star and Washington group of eight claims la on the ^ztenston 
 •f the La Fleur ledge to within 154 feet of the boundary, and la ht&ng ex- 
 
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 MININO IN TM£ >>« CIFIC NORTHWEST 
 
 f - ^;S- 
 
.^i^' 
 
 -m 
 
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 ledffe crops thli 
 
 copyrlte. A tu 
 
 waa run 144 fe«t 
 
 shaft la down 10 
 
 and u cro88-cMit 
 
 Hlternatcly with 
 
 eHtlmated that I 
 
 $40, though asHa: 
 
 copper beiriK 10 
 
 Within one 
 
 Seattle; J. N. £ 
 
 of twenty claim 
 
 which an open 
 
 body of chalcop 
 
 The Edith g 
 
 surface showing 
 
 iH. J. lllalne, W 
 
 I On Lono Rar 
 
 • ket Gold Mining 
 
 Cttaps, of which 
 
 '^creased value w 
 
 One of the gi 
 
 . Camp, along \-l\x 
 
 thlrty-nve miles 
 
 ' This mineral 
 
 . miles In length, 
 
 north and soutl 
 
 : some blow-outs i 
 
 ' rock. This sun 
 
 pj uartz Is encoui 
 
 1 On the Gre 
 
 i iuartz ledge fll 
 
 ^■/hlch they have 
 
 ijide assayed $64 
 
 <^i $16 and J20. 
 
 'Ine, one and oi 
 
 jet through the 
 
 W feet long anc 
 
 nd sulphurets 
 
 he snow is gon 
 
 On the two i 
 
 lan, of Alma, 
 
 thers, of Seatt 
 
 n the Lone Ptr 
 
 1 the strongest 
 
 )ot parallel leq 
 
 lelng covered 
 
 ther claims ai 
 
 'eflned by surfs 
 
 The Knob iq 
 
 ross-cut by _ 
 
 On the Paul 
 .xty feet wide,l 
 opper. 
 
 A great Iro 
 .In Mining & 
 edge with a cal 
 he footwall, cul 
 )een started. 
 
 On the crosJ 
 fountain Boy,] 
 peclmen assayl 
 roved by the c 
 On another 
 - F. Rogers i 
 _;t a depth of 
 1 silver. 
 
 _ On the , 
 
 he Gold Dust I 
 uartz, assayli 
 'he company 1 
 Another sei 
 overed in thel 
 fary Ann Cre{ 
 uhnson Creek | 
 illes from the 
 )&a for twej,> 
 These ]«<: 
 
1 
 
 ■it 4 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 IM 
 
 (MWlvely developed by the Reservation Mining & Milling Company. The 
 ledge crops thirty to forty fuet wide, and carrlcH copper pyrites and chal- 
 copyrlte. A tunnel was run in It for 12(> feet, all In ore, when u f'oaa-cut 
 waa run 144 feet east and thirty-five feet west, showing llfty feet of ore. A 
 shaft Is down 100 feet from the mouth of the tunnel, In ore the whole distance, 
 and a cross-cut eighty feet westward from the bottom shows .-itreaks of ore 
 Hlternately with serpentine hands. There are SOO tons on the dump, and It la 
 estlmaled that the ore In sight Is worth tl,500,()OU. The value averages J30 to 
 $40, though assays from the west drift from the tunnel ran |96, the average In 
 copper bmng 10 per cent., silver 3 ounces, the remainder being gold. 
 
 VVlthIn one and one-half miles of the La Fleur, Kdward L. Ensel, of 
 Seattle; J. N. Scott and A. W. Hawks, of Everett, have the Mascot group 
 of twenty claims on three Ifon-capped ledges over 100 feet wide. In one of 
 which an open cut thirty feet long and seventy feet deep shows a great 
 body of chalcopyrlte ore. 
 
 j The Edith group of four claims on Koos Moos Creek also has a good 
 . surface showing of copper sulphides, and has been bonded by A. E. aQlleger, 
 iH. J. Ulalne, William Btoll and others to English capitalist for $10,000. 
 ! On Lone Ranche Creek, live miles south of Grand Forks, B. C, the Tenas- 
 •• k*t Gold Mining Company has the Sparling and Raymond on two large iron 
 caps, of which the surface ore carries small values, giving promise of In- 
 " (.reased value when development, to be made this ■ ur, attains depth. 
 
 One of the greatest showings of free-mlUlng or -us been made In Eureka 
 . Camp, along Eureka Creek, and near the headwai is of the Sans Poel River, 
 thlrty-flve miles by wagon road from Grand Forks. 
 
 This mineral belt has been traced four miles wide and located for fifteen 
 miles In length, the two principal ledges being traced for that distance in a 
 north and south course. These ledges are twenty to fifty feet wide, with 
 some blow-outs of much greater width, and are capped with Iron and volcanic 
 rock. This surface rock carries little value, but when It Is pierced a blue 
 pij uartz Is encountered which assays quite well in free gold. 
 j On the Great Republic, Patrick, James and Dennis Clark have a 
 I juartz ledge fifty feet wide, traced by the cropplngs for 1,000 feet, on 
 •^'•/hlch they have made a long open cut ten feet deep. Nine feet on the east 
 i>id« assayed $64 gold, another nine feet $24, and the west side showed values 
 jf^f $16 and $20. The Clarx brothers have also cross-cut a ledge on the Lone 
 *ine, one and one-half miles from the Great Republic, and have run lifteen 
 jet through the ore body without striking the hanging wall The tunnel Is 
 10 feet long and gains 100 feet In depth. This ledge assays $10 in free gold 
 nd sulphurets throughout. The Clarks will erect a stamp mill as soon aa 
 he snow is gone. 
 
 On the two main ledges, and on others parallel with them, Harry Kaufl- 
 lan, of Alma Dr. Klttlnger. of Wilmington, Del., and W. J. Qrambs and 
 thera, of Seattle, have the Admiral group of nine claims. The Admiral is 
 a the Lone Pine ledge, which Is thirty to forty feet wide at this point, and 
 < the strongest In the camp. The Treasury and Blue Jacket are on a twenty* 
 lot parallel ledge; the Seattle Belle has a largo ledge of undefined width, 
 ,elng covered with wash; the Rebate haa a large body of good ore; the 
 ther claims are on large parallel ledgea in the same belt. They have been 
 'eflned by surface work and this year the Admiral will be cross-cut. 
 
 The Knob Hill, on the north extension of the Lone Pine ledge, Is being 
 ross-cut by Portland, Or., parties. 
 
 On the Paul and Brimstone Robert Nelll and others have a ledge over 
 txty feet wide, of which the croppinga average $16 gold, besides silver and 
 opper. 
 
 A great iron cap 160 feet wide covers a ledge, on which the Copper Mount* 
 lin Mining & Milling Company have three claims, with another on a crosa 
 edge with a capping fifty feet wide. A tunnel has been driven 132 feet along 
 he footwall, cutting several rich stringers, and a cross-cut from the face has 
 )een started, 
 
 On the cross ledge the Safe Deposit Mining & Milling Company has the 
 fountain Boy, with an iron cap cropipng for its whole length. A surface 
 peclmen assayed $340 gold, and the extent and actual value of the ore will be 
 roved by the development this year. 
 . On another cross ledge eight feet wide F. C. Robertson, J. M. Hamilton, 
 I. F. Rogers and others have the Bryan and Sewall and are sinking on it. 
 t a depth of six feet the shaft showed ore throughout, averaging $45 gold. 
 1 silver. 
 
 On the headwaters of Teroda Creek, three or four miles further west, 
 he Gold Dust Mining Company has two claims on a ledge of free milling 
 uartz, assaying $14 upwards in gold, one assay having run as higM as $2,673. 
 he company intends to develop this ledge during the summer. 
 
 Another series of free milling quartz ledges of great size has been dls- 
 overed in the northwestern part of the reservation, on Myers Creek and 
 [ary Ann Creek. In order to reach this section one leaves the steamer at 
 Dhnson Creek and goes by road thirty miles to the government sawmill, five 
 dies from the head of SawmUl Creek, then takes the Kettle River wagon 
 >ad for twelve miles to the head of Maxy Ann Creek. 
 These iMg^a extend in a belt northward from the three-cornered divide. 
 
 .1 ,i i 
 
 
 ,'^ 
 
uo 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 from which Mary Ann Creek flows east to Myers Greek, Rock Creek flows 
 east to Kettle River and Sawmill Creek flows southwest to the Okanogan 
 River. It cuts through a series of four gieat, bald buttes extending north- 
 ward. In diminishing size, from Mount Bonaparte to the boundary, and 
 formed of quartzite. The country rock is metamorphic slate, cut by dikes of 
 porphyry. 
 
 The Hehe group, five miles southwest of the Hehe stone, is owned by A. 
 E. Anrud and J. H. Calvert, and covers five parallel ledges of free-mllUng 
 quartz. One ledge is fourteen feet wide, and in a ten-foot shaft shows ore 
 carrying $30.80 gold and silver, only a small part of the value being silver. 
 Another ledge twenty feet wide runs up the mountain from Hehe Stone, and 
 assays $6- to $S free gold on the surface, while a third shows several seams 
 of quartz carrying $4 to $8 gold on the surface. 
 
 Five miles southwest of this group and due north of Mount Bonaparte, 
 Messrs. Calvert and Anrud have the Porphyry group of five claims on a. 
 porphyry dike eighty feet wice and parallel with it. In this dike a sixteen- 
 foot ledge of quartz crops on three claims, as defined by an open cross-cut, 
 and shows colors in panning, while an assay ran about |12 gold. 
 
 The greatest and richest showing in this vicinity ds on the Big Hole, at 
 the forks of Mary Ann Creek, eight miles south of Camp McKlnney, owned 
 by George King, Charles Armstrong, C. P. Devlne and Neal Undem, of Seat- 
 tle, who have resumed work. The ledge is thirty to forty feet wide, of honey- 
 combed quartz, and carries from a trace to |18 free gold, with two feet of pay 
 ore, the lowest assay of which was $108.50 golt and the highest $600 gold, 218 
 ounces silver. The indications arc that at depth the ore will change to galena. 
 The same parties have the Cleopatra, on which an open cut shows eleven 
 feet of ore with only one wall In sight. A number of small streaks of ore run 
 through, assaying $18 to $20 gold and 8 to 18 ounces silver, and small particles 
 of galena carrying gold and silver are discovered all through the ledge matter. 
 It is intended to sink fifty feet on each ledge and then cross-cut to define the 
 width. 
 
 On the extension of the Cleopatra, A. Walker has the Wenatchee, on 
 which the ledge crops twelve feet wide between slate walls, and carries free 
 gold and a little sulphurets in a slate and quartz gangue. A small shaft 
 showed ore assaying $12 to $28. 
 
 The Columbia, on the boundary, has another great body of quartz 250 feet 
 w'de, an average sample of which showed $10 free goM. 
 
 On the Poland China, Neal undem and Jerome Haskins have stripped the 
 ledge Tor 100 feet in width and have not found either wall. The quartz carries 
 free gold i>roughout, assaying all the way from $2.50 to $600. 
 
 Eight miles up Mvers Creek from Kettle Kivcr and one and one-half mile& 
 from the boundary, P. H. Pingston has the Pingston claim on a blow-out of 
 arsenical iron 50x100 feet, of which the decomposed surface rock assays $4 to 
 $16 gold. 
 
 The Chicago and New York are on a ledge of sulphide ore, carrying $4 to 
 $12 gold and copper in a quartz gangue, which a ten-foot open cross-cut shows 
 to be nine feet wide. 
 
 Near the source of Myers Creek. Senator Turner, Congressman Jones, 
 United States Attorney Brinker and Deputy Marshal Vinson have the Bi- 
 metallic on a seven-foot ledge of sulphide ore, assaying 12 per cent, copper, 
 61.^ ounces silver and $2 to $3 gold. 
 
 Another great body of white and grey honeycombed quartz crops 200 feet 
 wide on the Andruss, one and one-half miles south of ♦he boundary and 
 fifteen miles northeast of Oro, the owner being the Tena.^ket Gold Mining 
 Company. Surface prospect holes have shown free-milling ore assaying 
 $2.62 to $74.80 gold. 
 
 Placers are extensively worked during the summer or- Myers, Fourth of 
 July and Deadman Creeks, and in some Instances have ptvld good wages, 
 even for work with pan and rocker. Deadman Creelc is located for eight or 
 nine miles, the dirt panning as much as 40 cents a yard, not only in the 
 creek-bed but in the nigh bars, rising 250 feet above it, and hydraulic mining 
 ought to be profitable here. 
 
 NOBTHPORT. 
 
 This town is not only the junction of the several branches of the Spokane 
 Falls & Northern Railroad leading to Trail Creek and Nelson, but is the 
 center of an organized mining district extending from the Kettle Rtver 
 eastward to the Metaline District and from the boundary southward to 
 Bossburg. The part ofthls district between the Columbia and Kettle 
 Rivers is described In the chapter on the Colville Reeervation. The section 
 east of the Columbia comprises part of the belt of silver-bearing country, 
 of which the Slocan, Ainsworth and Nelson Districts on the north and the 
 Colville and Cedar Canyon Districts on the south have experienced most 
 fleveJopment. The principal work now in progress is on Red Top Mountain, 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 lU 
 
 «ast of Northport between the forks of Cedar Creek, and on the headwaters 
 of that stream and on Deep Creek. At the head of Deep Creek the ore lis 
 principally pa'.ena and carbonates, with some aznrlte of copper, red oxide 
 of copper and gray copper. At the head of Cedar Creek the ores are ail 
 silver-lead and carbonates, while directly east and south of Northport the 
 ores are leac and gray copper, and at Little Dalles are of the same char- 
 acter. The 'district has the advantage of wagon roads to Northport, making 
 transportation .o the rallroRd cheap and easy, ard the contemplated erection 
 of a smelter at that town by the Union Smelt ng and Refining Company, 
 comoosed of strong capitaiists, holds out the p/ospect of reduction almost 
 on the ground. 
 
 On Red Top Moimtaln, three miles in a direct line and five miles by 
 wagon road from i^cundary Station on the Spokane Falls & Northern Rail- 
 road, is the Clara group of four claims, owned by the Trail Creek Midland 
 Mining Company, which is actively developing. Ol the two ledges, on^ is 
 in the contact between porphyry and slate and the other betwe' gran'te 
 and slate, the gangue being quartz carrying gold, silver and v ••- A 
 tunnel is in ver 125 feet on one ledge and will be continued to ;;0'; it<>t, 
 when an uprExse will be made of ^30 feet and stoplng will begin. A j, cas-cvt 
 will also be driven for IRO feet to tap the parallel ledge, when both will bs 
 worked from this tunnel. This work has shov/n nowhere lcs.3 than six 
 inches of good silver sulphide ore, the width frequently Increasing to six 
 feet and averaging between eighteen and twenty-four inches. A thirty-five 
 foot winze from the tunnel at the 100-foot line shows improved value. A 
 shipment of fifteen tons to the Tacoma smelter in October, 1896, returned 
 $63.70 in gold, silver and copper. Ore of less value than $30 la held in the 
 dump awaiting the erection of the smelter at Northport, ten miles distant 
 by rail, and meanwhile the company is Investigating a newly invented 
 smelter with a view to erecting one, if a test should prove successful. The 
 property can be developed entirely by tunneling and therefore at slight cost. 
 The Lakovu'W group, owned by the Lake view Mining Company, consists 
 of two clalnsM on the same ledge and one on a cross ledge. The main 
 ledge has been stripped for 150 feet, showing twelve to twenty Inches of ore, 
 while a 180-toot tunnel, an eighty-foot incline and a fifty-foot incline show 
 twenty to forty inches o]' ore, three shafts six to ten feet deep making a 
 similar showing. The ore carries chlorides, sulphides and bromides of 
 silver anc" some native silver, and a number of assays, not only of the 
 solid ore out of the ledge matter intervening between pay streaks, range 
 frora $8 silver and 80 cents gold in the slate gangue to $386.40 silver and 
 $15 gold in the chlorides and bromides. One car load of this ore is said to 
 
 have netted $1,100. , „, , ^ v * i . 
 
 The Red Top Mountain Mining Company has two claims on the same 
 mountain, on which a shaft is down 125 feet, showing the ledge to widen 
 from seven to eight and one-half feet, with eighteen inches of galena assay- 
 ing $78 in silver and lead, with a little gold, the remainder of the ledge being 
 good concentrating ore. „ ^ ^ , , .>«*,.. 
 
 On Deep Creek George Poster has a claim named after himself, on a 
 iGdee cropping twenty feet wide, on which he has worked intermittently for 
 eieht years A number of open cuts, a tunnel of about forty feet and a 
 shaft of about fifty feet have shown a goou ody of ore carrying about 
 
 40 °^"*^^^g^j7o1i' Horse, also on Deep Creek. ,. C. Taylor has a good ledge 
 of iron and copper sulphides, on which he I vs sunk a small shaft, showing 
 fire assaying $2 gold and 2 to 4 ounces silver. 
 
 On Onion Creek, which liows into the Columbia from the east seven 
 miles below Northport, is a belt of gold-bearing sulphide ore in a quartz 
 eaneue cut bv the creek from a point two miles above its mouth. On the 
 Alice May I.^essrs. Hansen, Paulson, Sherman and Roseberry have a ledge 
 rrAnn'njr twenty feet wide, in which a seventeen-foot shaft shows five feet 
 of Biilnhide The Lisburn Gold Mining Company has sunk twelve feet on 
 the Lisburn showing the same width of ore, and good results have been 
 obtained on'the Etna" Occidental, Wall Street and several other claims. 
 
 *' = 
 
 COLVILLE. 
 
 This district has reached a more advanced stage of development and 
 nroducod more ore than any other silver district in Washington It formi 
 the smUh^rn half of a belt extending about ten miles east from the 
 Onlumb a River n cross the Col^;llle, and from the headwaters of Cedar and 
 DeenCrlekswWch empty into the Pend d'Oreille River near the boundary, 
 r„^ftJ,wor^ for aeventv-flve miles. terminating In that direction n the 
 southward for sevemj "J®, ™' I'-^^gpribed in another chapter. Like all 
 X'V n^Sr dEcoveries irhas had its alternate periods of activity jind 
 torpSr.^ and now apjear^ to have become the scene of renewed develop- 
 
112 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST, 
 
 ment, In sympathy with the movement generally prevalent thrjughout the- 
 Pacific Northwest. 
 
 The formation of this belt of country Is granite, lime, slate and quartzit«^ 
 and is veined with a belt of bodies of silver-lead ores, runnlag aouiietinipp^ 
 north and south and others east and west. These occur either in conta<;t» 
 between granite and lime, slate and lime, or slate and quartzite, or In 
 fissures in the slate or lime. Where they occur in the lime formation the 
 ledges show a good deal of surface disturbance, but at depth settle into 
 permanent bodies of ore, either in chutes or veins. In thf: slate formation 
 the ledges are almost invariably in place. 
 
 The first discovery was mada In 1883 at the Embry camp, two miles east 
 of Chewelah, by a party of prospectors sent out by John N. Squire, of 
 Spokane. The ore in that section carries galena, sulphide of silver, some 
 carbonate of lead and chloride of silver, mixed with iron and copper pyrites. 
 A rush of prospectr.rs followed within two years and explorations extended 
 northward. Thus followed the discovery of the Old Dominion, seven mlleft 
 from Colville, where the ledge is In a contact between granite and lime, 
 the ore carrying bromide, chloride and sulphide of silver, with occasional 
 bunches of galena. Then followed the discoveries at the head of Deep 
 Creek and Cedar Creek and along the range east of the Columbia to Little 
 Dalles, this territory being Included In the Northport District. Fifteen 
 miles further .south. In the Young America at Bossburg, the ore is lead 
 and silver entirely. Five miles further southeast, in the Big Bonanza, wo 
 fliifi a heavy mixture of galena and iron pyrites, carrying about 40 per cent, 
 lead and 10 ounces silver. Still traveling southward, we come to vjold Hill, 
 two miles east of aiarcus, where the ore is copper pyrites carrying gold. 
 On Rickey Mountain, five mil^s more to the south, there is a great quantity 
 of gray copper ore, but it is very much broken and no solid bodies liave 
 yet been found. Going fifteen miles onward to the south, we come to the 
 Summit camp, where the ore carries galena and lead carbonates, and five 
 miles to the southwest of this camp is the Wellington, with the same 
 class of ore. Five miles south of this is the Cleveland mine, where the 
 ore is galena carrying about 40 ounces silver. This mine Is treated of In 
 the chapter on Cedar Canyon, of which it Is the pioneer. All the ores of 
 this belt are high grade, except those of Deep Creek, where tby carry 
 from 25 to 40 ounces silver and 40 per cent. lead. 
 
 The best developed and most productive mine In this belt Id the Old 
 Dominion, which embraces a group of claims covering the whole movmtaln 
 and which Is owned by the Old Dominion Mining and Concentrating Com- 
 pany. It la reached from Spokane by the Spokane FaHw & Northern Rail- 
 road to Colville, eighty-eight miles, whence a wagon road leads to the mine, 
 seven miles distant. The ore chute crops on the surface to a length of 400' 
 feet In the contact b. tween lime and granite, and in chambers forty to fifty 
 feet wide. The mine was first developed near the surface by a series ot 
 tunnels aggregating 3,000 feet In length, attaining a depth of 2.50 feet. A 
 tunnel was then driven 3,000 feet on the contact at a further depth of 40O 
 feet and at the end of that distance struck a chamber of ore, which is now 
 being developed. A cross-cut has also been started and has opened other 
 small veins, ranging from six inches to twelve feet. The ore carries bro- 
 mide, chloride and sulphide of silver, with some native silver, and Its 
 contents range from 2.'> to 125 ounces silver, with 30 per cent, lead and (3 gold. 
 There is on the ground a concentrator with a capacity ot seventy tons a day 
 to treat the low-grade ore. The smelter returns show that about $2,000,00i> 
 has been taken out of the mine and, when shipping regularly, it produces 
 about $10,000 a month gross, or $12,000 net, employing seventy-five men. 
 
 The Young America group of four claims Is a quarter of a mile northeast 
 of Bossburg, on the Spokane P'alls & Northern Railroad, 110 miles from Spo- 
 kane, and is owned by the Young America and Cliff Consolidated Mining 
 Company. The whole property Is covered with float and a ledge croppingr 
 tjvelve to twenty feet wide runs across all four claims. A tunnel was run 12^ 
 feet soon after discovery, at a depth of only thirty feet, and ore sloped to the 
 grass roots. From this slope ore netting $40,000 at the smelter was taken, at a 
 time when freight and treatment cost $30 a ton. After a long suspension, the 
 mine was worked by lessees, who operated in the wasteful manner to be ex- 
 pected under that system when not properly controlled, and shipped ore ag- 
 gregating $2.5,000 in value. The old tunnel exposes a chute fifty l^eet long and 
 five feet wide of high-grade silver-lead ore carrying 90 ounces silver, 50 per 
 cent, lead, and the entire face of the tunnel Is In solid shipping ore. A 
 cross-cut Is being run to tap the ledge at a further depth of seventy-flve 
 
 5eet. The cropplngs of a parallel ledge have been discovered, showing six 
 eet of carbonates and two and one-half feet of galena. 
 
 Thti Bonanza, which Is e.leo reached from Spokane by the Spokane Faljy» 
 & Northern Railroad to Bossburg and by wagon road five miles In a south- 
 eaflt*;rly direction from that town, recently fell Into the hands of a numbw 
 of miners who held liens and who have leased and bonded It for two year* 
 to John Hanley. The cropplngs show a true fissure ledge of low-grade ore 
 frpm ten to forty f .et wide between walls of slate, with an ore chute 800 to 
 300 feet long. A sraft is down eighty feet and an incline 150 feet, the latter 
 
 po Ii 
 it a 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 U3 
 
 on a continuous body of ore, and a 100-foot drift connects the two. Several 
 thousand tons of ore have been shipped, its character making It desirable 
 for fluxing, and three or four car loads will be shipped before the comlne 
 May. 
 
 Traveling, on southward, we come next to the Summit group of Ave 
 claims, owned by the Summit Mining Company, ten miles by wagon road 
 from Addy Station, which Is seventy-four miles by the Spokane Palls & 
 Northern Railroad from Spokane. This group Is on a series of five parallel 
 ledges of sulphide and galena ore, one of which Is In the contact between 
 slate and dlorlte, while the others are In fissures in the slate. All are dip- 
 ping Into the mountain at such angles as to encourage the belief that they 
 will unite In a great contact vein at a depth of 600 feet or less. In a 130-foot 
 shaft one ledge widened from thirty inches to five feet, maintaining the 
 latter width for the last sixty feet, and five drifts on It are each thirty feet 
 long, all in ore. An iiverage sample of hand-sorted ore assayed 50 ounces 
 silver, 53.2 per cent, lead, and the whole ledge will concentrate. On a four 
 and one-half foot ledge, 120 feet to the west, a shaft Is down 110 feet, showing 
 quartz mineralized throughout with galena and carrying occasional bunches 
 of that mineral, with perfect walls. A flfty-foot shaft on the same ledge 
 125 feet further north also shows it equally strong and well defined, con- 
 taining ore of which the concentrates will carry 1% ounces silver to the 
 unit of lead. Another vein eight inches wide is shown by a 125-foot shaft 
 to be solid ore carrying gray copper, silver and gold, and assaying $90 to 
 $1,000, one shipment having returned $155.15 gross, or $136.15 net. About 160 
 feet of drifts have been run from this shaft and a cross-cut is in forty feet 
 to tap the ore chute shown in the croppings. A thirty-foot shaft on another 
 ledge show, three feet of quartz carrying gold and silver. The company is 
 continuing de elopment, shipping the high-grade ore and reserving the 
 second-grade, of which tht re is over 1,000 tons oi the dump, for concen- 
 tration by a plant to be erected in the fall. This to will go 6 into 1 and 
 make concentrates worth about $70 a ton. 
 
 Three and one-half miles by road northeast of Cheweiah, in the Colvllle 
 Valley, which is sixty-five miles by the Sp 
 frpm Spokane, is the Eaglfe group of six 
 C. D. Tde and C. W. Ide. The cropping 
 and sulphides of silver in a limestone formati( 
 deep respectively have been connected by a 
 making an aggregate of 2,500 feet of development 
 chutes ranging from eighteen inches to eight feet iii 
 
 Falls & Northern Railroad 
 vned by I. S. Kaufman, 
 rge deposits of galena 
 1 si I and 115 feet 
 
 rlfc,: if the ledge, 
 
 .. . • ■ .V shows ore 
 iiJcknes.s, connt' ted 
 by stringers, and about $20,000 worth of ore has been taker mt, rangin in 
 value from 26 to 100 ounces silver, 40 to 70 per cent. lead. 
 
 The Buck Mountain group of eight claims, owned by the Buck Mountain 
 Mining Company, is four miles north of Cedar Canyon and twelve miles %■ 
 road from Sprlngdale, which Is forty-seven and one-half miles from Bnokai. , 
 on the Spokane Falls & Northern Railroad. One ledge is six feet t in a 
 twenty-two foot shaft and in tunnels sixty and forty-five feet, wi how 
 
 eight Inches of solid galena and bunches of that mineral throu^ ,c the 
 ledge, growing more solid with depth. One car load returned ii ounces 
 silver, 77i>^ per cent, lead, and assays have averaged about that figure. 
 Another ledge Is seven and one-half feet between lime and granite walls 
 and in a thirty-foot shaft shows chloride and gray copper ore throu-rho' 
 assaying 64 ounces silver, $3 gold, 8 per cent, copper. Another ledr 
 ten feet wide and carries chlorides, which assay 36 ounces silver, 12 ■^. 
 
 copper, $5.20 gold. Three claims are along another ledge between sla .la, 
 
 which a forty-foot shaft shows to widen from three and one-half t. s^ven 
 feet. Three assays from samples taken at increasing depths showed 40, Si 
 and 64 ounces silver respectively. 
 
 Two miles southeast of Sprlngdale by road Is the Honest Johns group 
 of three claims, owned by the Honest Johns Mining Company. The crop- 
 pings sliow a sixty-'oot ledge containing lead carbonates. A cross-cut has 
 been driven 280 fet . *o tap the ledge 175 feet below the surface and will dO 
 so in about 100 feet „nore. It has cut a tlUrty-Inch stringer carrying 41 ounces 
 stiver, 31 per cent. lead and $2.20 gold, besides 20 per cent, iron, which makes 
 it a good fluxing ore. 
 
 
 
 
 m 
 1 
 
 ♦•♦♦♦♦♦•♦•♦ • ^^♦•f 
 
 CEPAB CANTON. 
 
 About most of the mining districts of the Pacific North^^est there Is 
 Utile of the romantic to make their names live in history, but Cedar Canyon 
 is an exception. Tl\e greatest discovery there was made accidentally by a 
 bankrupt farmer who knew nothing of mineral, and in the face of ridicule 
 he persisted In shipping some apparently worthless sand to the smelter. 
 When it netted him good returris, other bankrupts like himself went Into 
 the distilct, and moat of them are now comforta^ off, antt regard the 
 
U4 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 foreclosing of mortgages on their farms as the beginning of their good 
 fortune. 
 
 For Cedar Canyon the starting point Is Spokane. The Central Wash- 
 ington train may be taken for Davenport, fifty miles west. Then a horse 
 or buggy will take one over a good road for thlrty-flve miles to the head 
 of the canyon, which is in the Huckleberry Mountains north of the Spokane 
 River. Over this road the ore is hauled to Davenport In half a day, It 
 having been greatly improved and shortened in the last year. An alter- 
 native route is by the Spokane Falls & Northern Railroad to Sprlngdale 
 and thence by a wagon road twenty-two miles, which ^^ill be shortened 
 and Improved this season. 
 
 A precursor of the discoveries on Cedar Canyon proper is the Cleveland, 
 which was found in June, 1894, by Messrs. France, Finsley and Lingenfelter, 
 who have bonded It to Messrs. Monahan, King and McAulay. The ledge Is 
 eight feet wide, carrying galena, with antlmonlal silver on the surface, 
 and was tapped by a 200-foot cross-cut. From this a drift was run 150 feet, 
 a winze sunk sixty feet and an upraise made for twenty feet, the ore being 
 -then stoped out.' The lodge occasionally pinches to two feet, but has pro- 
 duced about 1,500 tons of ore, of which 800 tons shipped to the smelter assayed 
 $2*? to $80 a ton in silver and lead. The main ledge has been struck forty 
 feet higher up the mountain and carries 25 ounces silver and 59 per cent, 
 lead. This mine is now operated under lease from the owners. 
 
 On what Is probably the extension of the Cleveland ledge Dr. J. P. 
 Turney, A. W. Turner, C. G. Snyder, H. H. McMillan and C. E. Ricnard, 
 of Davenport, have the Bland. It is six to eight feet between lime walls, 
 as shown by a cross-cut, and carries antlmonlal silver, cafbonates of copper 
 and azurite, assaying 52 ounces silver, 5 per cent, lead and a trace of gold. 
 
 These locations were the forerunners of the most valuable discoveries 
 on Cedar Canyon, in the course of which the extent and character of this 
 mineral belt has been pretty clearly defined. The country rock is aue'lte 
 syenite overlaid with quartzite 100 feet thick. The ledges associate closely 
 with phosphate lime, which varies In thickness from 4 to 100 feet. The ore 
 Is in quartz and Includes sulphurets, which assay 500 to 2,500 ounces of silver 
 galena carrying 20 ounces ot silver to each unit of lead. Tne lead carries 
 considerable copper, which decomposes and colors the quartz with car- 
 bonates of copper and lead, azurite, malachite and yellow carbonates of lead. 
 In some ledges there also occur silicate of copper and sulphide of silver in 
 streaks, as well as a little zinc and brittle silver. 
 
 The discovery of the Cleveland stirred up interest in Davenport, and 
 George Gibson, B. O. Gibson, Charles Golden and W. O. Vanhorn went 
 prospecting In Cedar Canyon In August, 1894, and Golden located the Deer 
 Trail and Royal. One day, while pursuing two deer, Vanhorn stumb'ed 
 over a big quartz boulder carrying f-;alena, and immediately went prospect- 
 ing down the mountain, where he and lils brother, Isaac L. Vanhorn, located 
 the Deer Trail No. 2. They had pieces of the boulder assayed and found it 
 carried between 70 and 80 oimces silver to the ton. A tunnel was then run 
 for 100 feet from the crupplngs, partly through a solid formation and partly 
 through red sand and gravel, but showed no regular ledge and therefore 
 was stopped. W. O. Vanhorn panned down some of the red sand for gold 
 but found strings and flakes of native silver. He then sacked two and 
 one-half tons and hauled it to Davenport. After enduring much ridicule 
 and with great difficulty he raised enough money to pay the freight, and 
 received in payment about $150 a ton. He theii shipped nine tons more 
 which brought him $1,360. 
 
 The Deer Trail No. 2 Is now the principal one of twelve adjoining claims, 
 all owned by the Deer Trail No. 2 Mining Company, and has developed Into 
 one of the best paying mines In Washington. It lias been shown with 
 tolerable certainty that the red sand, gravel ai : boulders into which the 
 tunnel ran is part of a true fissure ledge whicli h&a either broken off and 
 settled with the settling of the mountain, or has been heated and decom- 
 posed by the slaking of the lime walls. The reak-over pitches into the 
 mountain at an angle of only 15 degrees, so Uiat the face of a 200-foot 
 tunnel Is only seventy-five feet beneath thi- surface. The red sand is 
 simply rich mineralized quartz, decomposed and acted on by fire due to 
 the slaking of the lime. The croppings carried 28 ounces in the form of 
 black sulphurets and galena. A tunnel run 180 feet Into the mountain 
 from this point showed the ore in a vein one to six t<et thick '■uttlnr 
 through lime and quartzLte and pitching east about 15 degrees, winle the 
 country formation ran almost perpendicularly Into the hill. As the tunnel 
 ran In the ore grew richer and began to show green carbonates of copper 
 azurite, malachite, oxycarbonate of lead, native silver In strings and flakes 
 and steel galena. The flakes of native silver are sometimes as large as a 
 silver dollar and thin as tin foil. The first car load from near the mouth 
 of this tunnel netted $237 at the smelter, the second over 1600, the third SI 000 
 and they Inbreased in value until one car load netted over $2,900. A Quaker 
 of a car load shipped later carried 6,600 ounces to the ton. As the tunnel 
 advanced up the hill on the pitch of the vein, the latter grew thinner, until 
 at last it raq, out altogether. 
 
 »«t8 '■!. nic »«oi 
 
INDEX TO MIMEMD CUIMS. 
 
 t. Bater Hilbert. 
 
 la. Brooks. 
 
 2. Nancy Hanks. 
 
 19. Dixit Qneen. 
 
 3. Home Stake 
 
 20. Moonshine. 
 
 1. kairview. 
 
 31. Elephant. 
 
 6. Bin* (!r(Hi»e Ext i 
 
 22. LcKAl Tender 
 
 6. Horn Silver. 
 
 28. Victoria. 
 
 7. Plata hna. 
 
 24 ProviUence. 
 
 8. ruta Rica. 
 
 21'). Bao;on. 
 
 9. SuMla/ Morning. 
 
 26. Deer Trail .So. 2. 
 
 10. Saturday Nigbt 
 
 27. Royal 
 
 11. CloBter. 
 
 28. Deer TraU Na l. 
 
 12. Silver Daain. 
 
 29. Hoodoo No. 2. 
 
 13. Brittle Silver. 
 
 30. Hoodoo No. 1. 
 
 14. Sbaata. 
 
 31. Hoodoo Eit. 
 
 16. Lone Star 
 
 32. Josephine 
 
 16. Teoderfont . 
 
 33. Idaho. 
 
 17. Silver Qi^eea. 
 
 M. Cleveland. 
 
 CEDAR CAiWON 
 
 8TEV£N9 COUNTY. 
 WASHINGTON. 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 m 
 
 The theory as to there being a ledge In place was confirmed when Nc. S 
 tunnel was started further south, for It was found close to the mouth, 
 running down almost perpendicularly with the country formation between 
 walls of lime phosphate and syenite. Several tunnels have been run Into 
 the ledge 100 feet below the highest workings, where it is still three to ttve 
 feet wide and Is straightening up, dipping at an angle of 40 degrees. From 
 one of these tunnels a drift has been run 100 feet one way and fifty feet the 
 other, showing up more solid ore, carrying sulphides and galena, of about 
 the same value as that above. This proves the permanence of the ledge, 
 which evidently charges ItP pitch according to the disturbance which liaB 
 occurred in the mountah. 
 
 When development began on a large scale tunnels were run at five dif- 
 ferent places, showing up the ledge for about 600 feet in length. There Is 
 now an extensive system of tunnels and drifts aggregating about 2,000 Caet. 
 As the ledge Is almost level, the ore was stoped out from the side of the 
 tunnels and the old workings were filled up with the waste material. Aa 
 work progressed. It showed the ore varying in thickness from one to Six 
 feet. It is richest at the thinnest points, the red sand carrying most val'ie 
 and being either distributed through or lying on top of the other mlneraL 
 The ore Is so soft that It can be mined with pick and shovel and often 
 crumbles In the fingers, but the increased cost of timbering and sorting 
 offsets the saving In powder. Smelter returns have averaged about $150 a 
 ton and have ranged from l.'H) to 500 ounces of silver, from $2 to $20 gold and 
 7 per cent, lead, but some s.ssays have run as high as 3,000 and as low as 10 
 ounces. Only ore running over 80 ounces In silver has been shipped and 
 there Is now a quantity' of this low-grade ore on the dump estimated to 
 contain 500,000 ounces. In addition therg Is a vein of sand In the mine 
 fourteen inches wide above and below the main ore body which contains 
 about 20 ounces silver per ton and which has not yet been disturbed. Nego- 
 tiations are in progress for the erection of a concentrator In the district to 
 do a customs business and treat this large accumulation of ore. 
 
 Dividends have been paid aggregating over $40,000, in addition to the 
 amounts divided among the owners before the property passed into the 
 hands of the corporation. 
 
 The Deer Trail ledge has been traced to the south through the Jolly Boy, 
 owned by W. A. Crawford, J. A. Cameron and Seth T. Emerson, and the 
 Elephant and Moonshine, and to the north through the Royal. 
 
 The discovery of another ledge on the other side of the canyon followed 
 that of the Deer Trail and this has been traced through a string of claims 
 for 16.500 feet. It was found by C. W. Burdsal and C. T. Porter, who located 
 the Saturday Night, Sunday Morning and Plata Rica. On the Saturday 
 Night a 100-foot shaft and thirty-five foot drift showed two to five feet of 
 ore, tVvo tons of which, shipped from the fifty-foot level, returned 71 ounces 
 silver at the smelter. In the second fifty feet the shaft ran through ore 
 carrying 150 to 200 ounces, on which a drift is being run at the 100-foot level. 
 A ledge eighteen inches wide is shown up In a cross-cut and a fifteen-foot 
 shaft on the Sunday Morning, with streaks one to three inches wide carrying 
 sulphurets running into it. A shaft la down on the Plata Rica ledge six 
 feet wide, carrying streaks of ore two to twelve Inches wide, and a cross-out 
 taps the ledge below In about 330 feet, one shipment giving good returns. 
 
 .As good property on the same ledge is the Plata Fina, owntd by Messrs. 
 Burdsal, Porter and T. Q. Small. An eighty-foot shaft shows three feet 
 of ore, on which considerable drifting has been done ana the first shipment 
 gave good returns. On the Delaware Harvey Jones has tunneled about 
 100 feet on a four-foot ledge. The Vanhorn brothers have sunk eighty-five 
 feet on the Silver Queen, showing four feet of good ore; Mr. Keeler has 
 tunneled on the Pride of the Valley with yood repultf?; and the ledge has 
 been cross-cut on the Oro Pino by J. F. Conkllng. The Esther Hilbert group 
 of seven claims, owned by Len Coombs, Fred Lauer, H. Al en, I. Brtslauer 
 and Charles Young, has a shaft down fifteen feet on a thin streak of ore 
 carrying 40 to 200 ounces silver, and the ledge has been cross-cut 100 feet 
 deeper by a 160-foot tunnel, from which a drift has been run 100 feet on 
 
 Discoveries were extended last year In all directions from Cedar Canyon. 
 At the head of Ovopathan Creek Alfred Hughes and John O Le^^y have the 
 Highland Chief on a four and one-half foot ledge betveen walls of granite 
 and lime, the ore carrying carbonates of copper and sulphurets of silver^ 
 and assaying 120 ounces silver. On the^ Rattler group of two claims seven 
 miles west of Cedar Canyon. Dr. J. P. Turney and others have a large 
 broken ledge of decomposed quartz carrying n *« 300 ounces silver. A shaft 
 is down sixty feet on the broken ledge and another thirty-e ght feet on the 
 solid ledge matter. , , , a ^i^^^t a^<»«»ur 
 
 This district has the distinction of having been developed almost enUr^ly 
 by the original prospectors with the money they took out of the Krcuad, 
 the sole exception being the Deer Trail No. 2, which '« PYJ"^,ftHl.*^lrii|"the 
 
 Ano<j..«r section tributary to Davenport Is^the ^rypt District, n^r^ the 
 confluence of the Spokane and Co "^bla Rlvo-s, where great ledges ^o^ 
 quartzlte jut out In the canyon walls. At the toot of Pitney Butte is th* 
 
11« 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 Egrypt, owned by Charles Grutt and sons, of Davenport, on which a four-foot 
 ledge of galena is tapped by a 120-foot cross-cut and is opened by a tunnel. 
 On the Silver Queen, Greenville Blake has shown eighteen Inches of galena 
 ore, assaying 60 to 130 ounces silver, besides copper and lead, by sinking a 
 forty-eight foot shaft, from which he has drifted sixty-five fett. On Mill 
 Canyon, ten miles from Davenport, C. G. Snyder, H. A. P. Myers, Dr. J. P. 
 Turney, H. H. McMillan and Charles L. Young, all of Davenport, have the 
 Iron Crown group of five claims on four parallel ledges, assaying from $3.3 
 upward in gold. One ledge is shown thirty feet wide by a thirty-foot shaft 
 and thirty-foot cross-cut at the bottom. A cross-cut 100 feet below has 
 tapped the second ledge, sixteen feet wide, assaying 7 per cent, copper, and 
 is being extended to the first ledge. A mile south of this group C. L. Young, 
 W. K. Snyder, C. G. Snyder, Q. E. Brown and J. T. Young have the Elkhorn, 
 on which a forty-foot cross-cut has tapped eighteen Inches of galena ore. 
 On the United Workman group of two claims Dr. Q'urney and C. L. Young 
 have sunk a shaft twenty-six feet on a six and one-half foot ledge carrying 
 gold and silver, while a tunnel showed ore in ten feet, assaying 12 ounces 
 silver, $3 gold. The John L., near Fort Spokane, owned by Col. William 
 Ridpath, has a 125-foot shaft on a ledge carrying galena, a sample shipment 
 of which netted $135. A tunnel is being run on the ledge. 
 
 MINERAL CREEK. 
 
 In a broad belt of limestone cut by Mineral Creek and on a spur from 
 Mount Rainier,, between Green River and the Summit district, is a. scries of 
 mineral ledges carrying gold, silver and copper in various forms, principally 
 galena, on which citizens of Tacoma, Centralia and Chehalls have done a 
 large amount of development. The first discovery was made in July, 1891, by 
 John T. Davis and James A. Evans and prospecting has traced the belt across 
 to Washington and Bear Creeks. The country rock is dolomite and the ledges 
 are In fissures In slate, running northeast and southwest, the gangue being 
 •calctte and talc. 
 
 The district is tributary to Tacoma, being fifty-four miles southeast of that 
 city. The route Is by the county road from Tacoma to Elbe, on the Nisqually 
 rlyer, the Lewis county road thence to the mouth of Mineral Creek and a trail 
 for seven miles to the head of the creek. 
 
 The first discovery wa? the Waterfall, by Messrs. Davis and Evans, on 
 the middle ledge of five which are cut by Mineral Creek and are almost 
 parallel. On these the Davis & Evans Mining Company has fourteen, claims, 
 which it Is developing. Nearest the mouth of the creek is the Iron Mine, 
 which shows brown hematite, cii frying gold and silver in the cropplngs, and 
 Is said to have sixteen feet of soild ore carrying flo to $18 gola and silver. A 
 thirty-foot shaft is down on the ore body. The Contact has a twenty-foot 
 ledge with several streaks' of galena aggregating four feet and assaying about 
 $40 gold and silver. Tunnels have been driven 140 and 100 feet and connected 
 by a winze and a shaft is down seventy feet, with several cross-cuts and drifts 
 from It. From these workings a large quantity of ore has been taken and is 
 ready to ship. On the Waterfall a thirty-foot shaft and tunnels twenty and 
 forty feet have shown four feet of ore of the same grade as the Contact. 
 
 On the south fork of Mineral Creek this company has the Tacoma on a 
 body of ore seventy feet wide, which a surface cross-cut shows to have 
 sulphides of manganese disseminated throughout the ledge matter, while 
 assays show It to carry $4 and more in gold. 
 
 On the Eliza, the Mineral Creek Mining Company hi^s a twenty-foot ledge, 
 on which a tunnel over 1C»0 feet long shows three to four feet of galena ore. 
 The same company has driven a tunnel forty feet on the Goldle, showing a 
 still larger body of ore. 
 
 On the Mary Ann, Dr. C. B. Martin has three ledges, eighteen inches to 
 four feet wide, showing good pay streaks In tunnels fifteen, tv/enty-flve and 
 forty feet long. 
 
 On the Mashell river, within three miles of the wa«on road, the Co- 
 operative Mining Syndicate of Seattle is developing the Jessie Harper group of 
 nine claims. These are on a ledge of free milling quartz, wMch has been 
 oncovered at several points, and is thus shown to be continuous for over 500 
 feet, while a twenty-foot shaft and several surface cross-cuts show eight feet 
 of gold-bearing quartz. The surface ore averages $3 to $5 gold and assays 
 have run aa high as $02. A cross-cut, now in 105 feet, will tap the ledge thirty- 
 five feet further at a point below the shaft. Gold has been panned out of the 
 creek below this property and Is presumed to have been washed out of the 
 ledge. 
 
 The wagon road could be extended to the Jessie Harper and up Mlnural 
 Creek at moderate expense. 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 UT 
 
 TRAIL CREEK. 
 
 The element of romance in the business of mining, which Kives it a fas- 
 cination for those unfamiliar with its dry technical details, is partlcularlv 
 strong in the history of the development of Trail Creek. It is the story of 
 Bj few pluclcy, determined men in an almost bankrupt city engaging in a min- 
 ing venture in a wild, remote section of the British Columbia mountains and 
 proving to be of Incalculable value mineral deposits which men of 'lon^ 
 training and experience had pronounced worthless. It is the story of per- 
 severance in the face of poverty, the incredulity of neighbors and every 
 natural obstacle. The climax of this story is the dividends paid by the 
 principal Trail Creek mines, the return of prosperity to Spokane, whose 
 citizens had pinned their faith to and risked their scanty means In those 
 mines, the growth of the city of Rossland in the mountain wilds and th& 
 haste with which mining experts revised their theories to fit the indisputable- 
 facts. A new era of mining activity in the Pacific Northwest began with 
 the development of Trail Creek, and to Spokane belongs the honor of having 
 opened that era when doubt and fear paralyzed the energies of other com- 
 munities. 
 
 The Trail Creek Mining District is in the Gold Range of mountains and 
 extends six miles northward from the boundary and seven miles westward 
 from the Columbia River, its center being Rossland, at an elevation of 3 200 
 feet above sea level. The trail built by the British Columbia Government 
 on a line surveyed by Lieut. George Dewdney in 1865, in order to open a way 
 from the Coast to the Wild Horse District during the placer mining excite- 
 ment, passes through the district and gives its name to Trail Creek. The 
 principal mines are on a line of rounded peaks north of RosslanJ, of which 
 Red Mountain is the chief, with Spokane and O. K. Mountains on the west 
 and Monte Cristo and Columbia Mountains on the east; also on Deer Park 
 and Lake Mountains south of the town, through which runs what is- 
 known as the South Belt. Discoveries have also extended to Grouse Mount- 
 ain, four miles to the south, directly on the boundary, and eastward to 
 Lookout Mountain, overlooking the confluence of Trail Creek with the 
 Columbia River. It is now accessible by two lines of railroad. From Spo- 
 kane the Spokane Falls & Northern and Columbia & Red Mountain Railroads 
 run trains through to Rdssland, a distance of 147 miles, a ferry conveying 
 the trains across the Columbia River pending the erection of a bridge. An 
 alternative route is to leave the railroad at Northport and take a steamer 
 up the Columbia River twenty-five miles to Trail, and then go by the Colum- 
 bia & Western train thirteen miles to Rossland. Prom Vancouver one goes 
 bv the Canadian Pacific to Revelstoke. 379 miles, thence by a branch line lo 
 AVrowhead and by steamer down the Arrow Lakes and the Columbia River 
 to Trail, whence the Columbia & Western train will take one to Rossland. 
 
 The geology of the district is described in much detail in a report by 
 R. G. McConnell to the British Columbia department of mines on the south- 
 ern half of West Kootenai. He says: 
 
 "The most notable feature in the geology of the district examined Is the 
 marked predominance of rocks of igneous origin. Two great series are rep- 
 resented, of which the older consipts mostly of porphyrites, diabases, gabbros, 
 tuffs and agglomerates, and the younger of granites." 
 
 Further on, he thus describes the eruptive rocks in and around Rossland: 
 
 "At Rossland, the central member of the group, is a fine to coarse- 
 grained gabbro, apparently passing in a couple of places into a uralitlc gran- 
 ite. The gabbros occupy an irregular-shaped area with a length of about four 
 miles and an average width of one mile. They extend from Deer Park 
 Mountain eastward to the westward base of Lookout Mountain. Thfe line of 
 junction between the gabbros and bordering porphyrites, commencing at the 
 northwest corner of the area, runs south through the Cliff, War Eagle and 
 Ijs RoI claims, then, turning to the west, circles round a spur from the main 
 area which covers part of Deer Park Mountain and continues eastward in 
 a sinuous line, passing about a quarter of a mile north of the Crown Point 
 mine to the foot of the west slope of Lookout Mountain. The northern edge 
 of the area runs from the Cliff mine eastward to Monte Cristo Mountain, 
 then bends more to the south, skirting the southern base of the Kootenal- 
 ("olumbla Mountain, continues in a southeasterly direction towards Lookout 
 Mountain. The eastern edge of the area has not been precisely defined, 
 owing to the absence of sufficient expu^sures. The gabbros are fringed with 
 a varying width of augite and uralite porphyrites, and fine-grained diabases. 
 The passage from the porphyrites to the gabbros is nowhere sharply defined 
 and the two rocks have apparently originated from the same magma, but 
 have cooled under different conditions. » 
 
 "The gabbros and bordering porphyrites are Important from an economic 
 f=tandpolnt, as most of the ore bodies at present being -vVorked are situated 
 either on or close to their line of junction. In passing outward from the- 
 
118 
 
 MINING IN THE rACIFIC NORTHWK8T. 
 
 gabbro area, a section taken at almost any point shows a borderlngr zone 
 of brecclated porphvrltes ami diabases of varying width, but seldom exceed- 
 ing a mile, beyond which comes an alternating series of porphyrltes, tuffs 
 and slates, and still farther away agglomerates, associated In places w th 
 fosslUferous limestone, make their appearance. Slates and luffs occur with 
 the porphvrltes on lied Mountain, on Kootenai-Columbia Mountujn and south 
 of the gabbro area on Lake and Hald Mountains, and the ridges running 
 south from them. Agglomerates make up the main mass of Sophia Mountain 
 and occur with slates, tuffs and porphyrltes on Granite, Spokane, (.rouse 
 and Lookout Mountains, and on the ridge immediately east of Sheep Creek. ' 
 
 Mr. MeConndl believes the ore bodies to be replacement veins along 
 lines of rissurlng and gives his reasons In the following langiutge: 
 
 "The blunt irregular outlines of some oi' the ore bodies and their llssure- 
 llke regularity In others, the presence in most cases of a singli! wall which 
 Is often meaningless as a confining line, and the occasional lack of any wall, 
 the gradual blending of tbe ore with the country rock and the presence of 
 the latter as the principal gangue, are all characters consistent with the 
 disposition of the ore from ascending heated waters, which have eaten away 
 portions of the country rock along lines of fracturing and replaced it by 
 the minerals held in solution. The definite and approximately parallel direc- 
 tion and dip of the majority of the Rossland leads, the sUlclous characver 
 of many of the ores and the presence of calcspar In seams and Irregular 
 pockets, tell against the theory of original segregation, which has of lafe 
 years been applied to somewhat similar depotiits in dlffewmt parts of the 
 world, while the ordinary earmarks of fissure veins, as usiially understood, 
 are seldom observable." 
 
 The geological formation Is described in language which will appeal more 
 to the ordinary mind by C. C. Woodhouse, the mining engineer of Rossland. 
 He describes it as a patch about four by two miles. In which the gabbro 
 ••ock broke through the older formation and overflowed, Just as water pours 
 through a hole broken in Ice. The richest ore bodies are on the line of frac- 
 ture In the original formation, and other belts of gold-bearing chalcopyrlte 
 and pyrrhotlte In gabbro and diorite are found where similar eruptions have 
 occurred. 
 
 In this formation the ledges are easily located In almost every Instance 
 by the red capping of oxidized iron, varying In thickness from a few Inches 
 to twenty feet. Ihls contains but little gold or sliver and this fact caused 
 the condemnation of the ore bodies as worthless by the experts. But when 
 the capping is broken through, the ledges are found to contain great bodies 
 of pyrltlc ores— pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrlte, arsenopyrlte — carrying gold 
 in increasing quantity as depth is attained, with about 3 ounces of silver, 
 and copper ranging from 2 to 22 per cent. Towards the west, tl.'> ores are 
 more sillclous, as in the O. K., I. X. L. and other mines, and Are frea milling 
 and concentrating, pyrites occurring only In streaks. On the South Belt 
 the sliver value Is much higher than on the north belt, and galena Is not 
 infrequently associated with the pyrites. The average value of the ore so 
 far shipped Is about $37, though In the deeper levels of the Le Roi and Center 
 Star chutts have be£n struck which ran over $100 In value. 
 
 In his report of August, 1S96, on this district, William A. Carlyle, the pro- 
 vincial mineralogist of British Columbia, says: 
 
 "Much prospect work has shown clearly that here is a large system of 
 lines of fracture w'lth an east by west and northeast by southwest trend, 
 and a persistent northerly dip. along which more or less ore has concen- 
 trated, either as bodies of solid sulphides or sulphides scattered through the 
 country rock. Some of these fissures can apparently be traced through 
 several 1,500-foot claims, and along them are the large ore chutes now being 
 mined or developed, the maximum width of pay ore so far being about thirty- 
 five feet, and maximum length 310 fett. Many of these fissures have been 
 or are now being prospected, and In many instances with surface indications 
 of the most unfavorable character, the improvement has been very marked 
 in the increase of the amount of ore and Its value, and the great probability 
 that more rich ore chutes will be found by following these fissures has made 
 all such property valuable, and is deciding the commencement of extensive 
 exploratory work. Again, large chutes of low-grade ore, mostly the coarse- 
 grained magnetic Iron pyrites or pyrrhotlte, assaying from traces to $6 to $8 
 In gold, have been found and are being explored for better grade ore, and 
 so far with some success." 
 
 Mr. Carlyle classifies the ores as follows, exclusive of the free milling 
 quartz of the O. K. mine: 
 
 "(a) Those large deitoslts of coarse-grained massive pyrrhotlte, locally 
 known as the 'Iron ore,' In which very little or no value In gold is carried. 
 
 "(b) The ore found in many claims on the South Belt, as the Lily May, 
 Homestake, Mayflower, Curlew, Gopher. R. B. Lee, etc.. In which the sul- 
 phides are not pyrrhotlte, but iron pyrites and marcaslte (white Iron), with 
 In some of these mines much arsenopyrlte, and also zinc blende and even 
 galena, in which case the silver value exceeds the gold, and the percentage 
 of copper Is very small or nothing. 
 
 "(c) The, typical ore of the camp as sold by the Le Rol, War Eagle, 
 
Afiil 
 
 MmiNQ IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 Ill 
 
 Iron Mask, or Josle, in divided Into nrBt-clans and second-class. The flrst- 
 class conalsts of nearly masalve fine-drained pyrrliotlte and copper pyrites, 
 osmetlmes with a Itth masnetlte, or misplokel, with more or less quartz 
 and calclte. In this crlass of ore, as Rot from the lowest workings of the 
 Li6 Rol. the amount of quartz Is muoh higher, tho nmelter retiirnH eivlnir 
 41 to 52.8 per cent, silica, and 20.6 to 2U.8 per cent. FeO., but this is provlni 
 the best ore In the mine. The average smelter returns were on 1,200 tons, 
 2.6 ounces of gold, 1.8 ounces of sliver, and 2.5 per cent, of copper, or $53.05 
 net per ton, while some shipments went as high iis 4.06 ounces In gold 
 
 The second-class ore, and the bulk of the ore of the amp shipped will 
 be most probably of this character and value, is a dloritc with a compara- 
 tively small percentage of these sulphides, but the value is still very good' 
 1,800 tons of the Le Kol. second class, yielded bv smelter returns an average' 
 of 1.34 ounces of gold, 1.4 ounces of sliver, and l.C per cent, copper of $27 97 
 net per ton." 
 
 The first discovery In this district was made In 1887 by George Bowman 
 and George I.ayson, who had assays m.ide showing the ore to run nigh In 
 silver. They kept their secret so well that, although others followed their 
 trail, It was not till two years later that Oliver Bordeau and Newlin Hoover 
 traced it to a ledge on the South Belt, on which they located the Lily May 
 
 The first locations on Red Mountain were made on July 7, 18S0 by Jo.se'ph 
 Bourjouis and Joseph Morris, and were the Center Star, War Eagle Idaho 
 and Virginia. They also staked out the Le Rot and took samples for assay 
 These gave such low values that they readily accepted an ofter of E S 
 Topping, the mining recorder at Nelson, B. C, to take one of the claims lii 
 lieu of his fees. B'lng offered his choic.\ he took the Le Rol. About the 
 same time the Josle was located by Harry Sherrin for himself and R. E 
 Lemon, of Nelson. 
 
 Mr. Topping obtained samples from the Le Rol and, taking them seventy 
 miles to Colvllle, Wash., received assays showing as high as $500 gold. He 
 showed his specimens to George M. Forster and Col. William Ridpath two 
 Spokane attorneys who were attending court, and they induced him to go 
 to Spokane and show the oi-e to Oliver Durant, an experienced mining en- 
 gineer. That gentleman bonded slxteen-thlrtleths of the claim for six 
 months for $30,000. and was Joined in the venture by a coterie of law vers, in- 
 cluding Messrs. Forster and Kldiiath, Senator George Turner, CoL W. W. D. 
 Turner and Frank Graves, agreeing to do $3,000 worth of work during the six 
 months. This was In November. 1890, and In the following sprlni? a shaft 
 was down thirty-five feet in ore which ran as high as $472. The bond was 
 taken up. Mr. Topping's remaining interest was bouglit and the Le Rol Min- 
 ing & Smelting Company was organized. In the fall of 1891 the first car load 
 was packed out and shipped to a smelter at Butte, where It returned $SG.40 In 
 gold, sliver and copper. 
 
 Despite this evidence of the possibilities before the Le Rol, the stock was 
 long a drug on the n irket, and stories abound of liow It was accepted at a 
 few cents a share with much grumbling, in payment of debts to persons who 
 have since been made rich by it. A boarding-house keeper took It in pay- 
 ment of a board bill hopelessly In arrears, a sten<i);rat)her accepted It for 
 arrears of salary because It was "Hobson's choice": a tailor took it In pay- 
 ment for a suit of clothes. All accepted it under protest, hut stored it away 
 in the hope that "it might be worth something some day." uiul many have 
 thus acquired unexpected riches. 
 
 The Le Rol Is not only the bonanza but the pioneer of the camp, for it 
 was not until 189;i that the development of other properties began, and In the 
 summer of that year a wagcn road was cut to Trail landing, and the first 
 load of Le Rol ore was hauled out. The construction of a road down Sheep 
 Creek to Northport, sixteen miles distant, soon followed, and the camp 
 emerged from the prospetit In^ to the mining and shipping stage of its career. 
 Early In 1896 the Columbia & Western narrow gauge railroad was bnllt from 
 Trail, on the Columbia River, to Rossland, by F. August Helnze, who has 
 also built a pyrltic smelting plant at Trail with a capacity of 350 to 100 tons 
 a day, and Is continually enlarging It. Last year also the Columbia & Red 
 Mountain Railroad, standard gauge, was built from Northport to Rossland. 
 as an extension of the Spokane Falls & Northern, and thus the camp now has 
 all-rail connections, which will receive their finiHhIng stroke with the com- 
 pletion of the bridge now under construction across the Columliia at North- 
 port. 
 
 The Le Rol property Includes two claims and a fraction on lUd Mountain, 
 having »> cappdng six to fourteen feet wide, tracable for 200 to 300 feet 
 in a northeast and .'(outhweat direction. This capping covered a chute of 
 pyrrhotlte and some chalcopyrlte for the whole distance, until at the west 
 end the ledge branches into two or three smaller ones, which can be traced 
 onward. A shaft was sunk on this chute, at first at a pitch of 45 degrees, but 
 gradually increasing Its pitch until at 535 feet it is nearly vertical. This 
 shaft Is all in ore, and drifts have been run from It at eacn fifty feet from the 
 150-foot level downward, showing the ore chute to widen out. Its sreatesf 
 width being thirty-five feet at thf west end of the 450-foot level. !• <>m thla 
 level a stope Is being worked up to the 360-foL level, and has all ore under- 
 
 
 \h4 
 
 h 
 
 
 'pw 
 
120 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 neath. The ore chute was cut off by a fault on the went, but the drift on the 
 600- foot luvel has been extended through It, and has now advanced 125 feet 
 throuRh the hlRheHt Krade ore yet discovered in the mine. Five aBsays of 
 sampleB taken on January H from the face of the drift Ave feet wide gave an 
 average of S136.tJ4 gold, and ten assays from tho bottom of the shaft on th« 
 same date gave an average of $68.96 gold. On the 4()0-foot level the stope 
 averages twenty-five feet wide, but at a distance of 172 feet from the fault 
 in the west level the ore Is cut off by another fault running through the upper 
 workings. Tho ore body has beon again discovered beyond this fault twelve 
 feet wide on the 450-foot and llfteen feet on the 300-foot level, and the same 
 conditions have been found on the lower levels. The ore has been stoped 
 for sixteen to twenty feet from the 4t)«-foot level and Is twenty-five to thlrt; 
 feet wide In the roof, thirteen to fourteen feet of it being of first grade. A 
 300- foot diamond drill-hole has been sunk on the pitch of the ledge belov/ this 
 level. On the .SiTO-foot level the stope averages tv ?nty-flve feet wide for 170 
 feet, and a drll-hole In the hanging wall shows twenty feet more of mixed 
 ore. On the east side three drill-holes were put In, one showing twenty-six 
 feet of low-grade ore beyond twenty feet of barren rock In the footwall; an- 
 other forty feet straight ahead beyond a fault Into a fine body of or^^. In 
 which a twenty-foot chamber has been cut. On the west this stope Is In 
 twelve feet of good ore, with ten feet of mixed ore In the hanging and Ave 
 feet In the footwall. On tho 300-foot level a wide body of good ore has been 
 stoped, and much hecond-grade ore Is now being mined. 
 
 It has been recently discovered through excavations for a 600-ton hoist 
 that the rusty red Iron-stalned rock has a width of 110 feet, dipping into the 
 mountain at an angle of 4r> degrees, under a dlorlto dike. About 800 feet 
 west of the old workings a tunnel known as the Peyton tunnel has be n 
 driven forty feet, and at twenty feet struck pay ore which now shows a soli, 
 face of eighteen feet. A platform and oreblns are being erected, and a 
 wagon road Is In course of construction to deliver this ore to the smelter. 
 Its value runs about $10 gold and copper, and the management believes It has 
 here as largt; and good a (rhute of ore as In the old workings. 
 
 It was estimated on J inuary 1, 1H97, that fully 3,500 feet of work had beon 
 done In the mine, anc' ti.at 6,257 cubic fathoms of ore and waste, equal to 
 93,654 tons, had been noisted. The mine Is now shipping 150 tons of ore dally, 
 fifty tons going to the Trail smelter, and the remainder going to Tacoma, 
 Kverett and Kast Helena. A new forty-drill compressor plant Is now in 
 satisfactory operation, and before this book Is published a new hoist will be 
 In operation, capable of delivering 1,000 tons a day, this new machinery having 
 cost $80,000. 
 
 The mine employs ICO men and pays $15,000 a month In salaries and wages, 
 and $20,(100 a month for fuel, supplies and other expenses. It has not only 
 paid for its development and equipment, but has paid $350,000 dividends, which 
 are being declared at the rate of $50,000 a month. 
 
 The most Important recent discovery in regard to the Le Rol ore Is that 
 it Is changing character at depth, and becoming susceptible of reduction by 
 the free-milling and concentrating process. This was proved by a recent 
 mill-test at the O. K. mill with a lot of ten and one-half tons of an assay 
 value of $16 gold and silver. Although the ratio of concentration— 6 to 1— 
 was f.o low that there was not sulHcient concentrator capacity to treat the 
 pulp of all ten stamps, and closer saving could have been accomplished with 
 five stamps, the result was satisfactory. The total value of goid and silver 
 saved on the plates was $67.85 and in concentrates $43.82, an extraction of 66 
 per cent. A further test with fifty-one tons 429 pounds of ore assaying 
 $8,93 1-3, resulted as follows: 
 
 Gold saved on plates $200 69' 
 
 Silver saved on plates , S 4^ 
 
 Gold saved in concTtrates 127 80 
 
 Sliver saved in concentrates 6 4J 
 
 Copper saved In concentrates 7 91 
 
 Total value saved $346 2S 
 
 Percentage of extraction, 76.1. Ratio of concentration, 6% Into 1. 
 
 The next famoii> mine of the camp is th(? War Eagle, which was recently 
 bought by the Goodc rham-P.lackstock syndl,-ate for $700,000. This syndicate 
 also bought the Crown Point group, and Richmond In the South Belt and has 
 transferred the property to the War Eagle Consolidated Gold Mining Com- 
 pany. 
 
 The War Eagle was first bonded in 1893, together with the Iron Mask and 
 Virginia, by Austin CorWln, W. J. C, Wakefield, E. J. Roberts end others, 
 of Spokane. They ^'ta^ted two tunn(})s and a shaft, but owing to a wide 
 discrepancy in assays threw up tho bond. Mr. WakeP.eld, however, secured 
 another bond for the company, which had been formed under the name of 
 War Eagle Gold Mining Company, with the result that work was resumed 
 and an orf* chute was struck forty feet long and four or five feet wide, 
 assaying $18 to $2-1 gold. Negotiations were pending with Patrick Clark to 
 tak*^ up flevelonment In return for a half-interest when the bond was again 
 forfeited and Mr. Wakefield only held the property until these negotiations 
 
MINING IN THE I'ACIFIC NORTilWEST. 
 
 in 
 
 wUh Mr. Clark and John A. !• im-h wtTo cloHod, by tiiktiiR a thirty days' 
 option. Then work was ri'sunud and In Dectmber, 1894, a Krcat chuto of 
 ore 75 to 100 fuet long and four to twelve feet wide, avernKing nearly $50 a 
 ton, was struck. From the tunnels and an upraise rin on this chute the 
 company In 1895 produced JfiOO.iXHl worth of ore, out of which It paid |132,500 
 In dividends and paid for the mine. Us development and cqtilpment. 
 
 Tho original shaft was sunk over seventy feet In No. 1 chute of ore 
 assaying $12 to $16 gold, the veins running nearly east and west. About 
 800 feet west a splendid ore chute, No. 2, averaging 2% ounces gold from 
 tho surface, was stopid to the surface from tunnel No. 1. 120 feet long and 
 eight to twelve feet wide, with two to four and oni'-half feet of ore remain- 
 ing In the floor. Beyond thlf-. Is a fault, and then comes No. ."! chute, of lower 
 grade^ forty feet long and five feet wide, which has been stoped to the 
 surface, with t^roe to four feet of ore still beneath. Tunnel No 1, 'JOO feet 
 long, passed through these chutes, as well as through the ore tappe<l by the 
 shaft, which averaged three and on< -half feet wide for eighty feet. The 
 second tunnel, 140 feet on the depth of the ledge below No. 1. is 1,100 feet 
 long, and near Its mouth a shaft Is down thlrty-flve feet In a chute of good 
 grade ore, which follows the door of the tunnel for 1«0 feet as If It were the 
 apex of another chute. In this tunnel chute No. 2 has Increased to 310 feet 
 In length, of high grade ore, and from two to fourteen feet wide, much of 
 which averaged $57.60. About S.OOO tons of this ore has been shipped from a 
 fitope about sixty-five feet high. No. 3 ehute has been struck on this level, 
 a raise made through It to No. 1 level, and two slopes are being made on It, 
 Its average v'dth being six feet and Its length eighty fi-et on the uppvr and 
 forty feet jOn the lower level. A winze has also been sunk 225 feet on No. 2 
 chute and drifting started east and west along it. The No. 3 tunnel is a 
 cross-eut through the Iron Mask groimd and In 1.050 feet taps the chute 
 exposed In the mouth of No. 2 tunnel at a depth of 2.")0 feet on the depth of 
 the ledge, showing ore of a higher grade, of an average value of $25 gold, 
 Bllver and copper. A spur has been run from the ikilumbia & Western 
 Railroad by way of the War E:agle to the Le Ilol and ore bins have been 
 erected on It. At present twenty-live tons a day are being shipped, but the 
 quantity will be Increased to an average of 1,500 tonn a month for the year 
 1897. A twenty-drill compressor, power drills, steam plant and pump are 
 on the Iron Mask ground and are used Jointly by the War Eagle and Iron 
 Mask Companies. 
 
 On the Iron Mask, which adjoins the War Eagle and has been developed 
 largely In connection with It, a shaft followed a narrow crevice down for 
 twenty feet, from which point It widened to nearly the full width, with fine 
 high-grade ore averaging 2.3 ounces gold. The shaft went down 100 feet, and 
 then fifty feet of drift was run. A tunnel was then run from Center Star 
 Gulch on an ore chute exposed by a road cutting, and ran for nearly 120 feet 
 on mixed ore. After connecting with the shaft. It turned to the right under 
 War Eagle tunnel No. 2, to which an upraise Is being made on the ore body, 
 A double compartment shaft Is being sunk at the mouth of this tunnel, with 
 three and one-half feet of ore showing. 
 
 The Virginia, owned by a sister company to the Iron Mask, has a 400-foot 
 cross-cut, run to tap an ore body exposed In a small shaft above, and has cut 
 a/ chute of low-grade ore five feet wide and forty feet long, but work at this 
 point has been suspended for surface prospecting. The Poorman fraction, 
 separately incorporated by the same parties, has a tunnel about 230 feet long, 
 connecting with a ninety-two foot shaft. The latter Is within five feet of the 
 Josle line, and the Josle Company Is continuing the tunnel through its own 
 ground. Shipments aggregating nv, tons have returned about 1 ounce gold, 
 HV*. ounces silver and 2\(, per cent, copper. „ , , ^ ^ , 
 
 The Centre Star and Idaho, which lie east of the War Eagle and Le Rol, 
 have the distinction of being a fully developed mine from which not a ton of 
 ore has ever been shipped, the owners, the Centre Star Gold Mining & Smelt- 
 ing Company, preferring to reduce the ore on the ground by some process yet 
 to be adopted. The ledge Is exposed thirty to fifty feet wide in a dlorlte bluff 
 on the east side of Centre Star Gulch, with a smaller ledge on each side of It. 
 The main tunnel runs from tMs point Ism feet to the Le Roi end line, gaining 
 350 feet of depth and traversing several large bodies of low-grade ore, one ot 
 which Is 147 feet long and fourteen to .sixteen feef wide, while another Is nearly 
 seventy feet wide, and 200 feet from the end line a large body thirty feet wide 
 and apparently of great length was .-truck. Five feet of ore In this chute 
 carries over 20 per cent, copper and averages over $100 gold; the remainaer or 
 Its width Is more slllclous and averages about $24 for all values. ^<,ross-cuts 
 are being run north and south from this tunnel to the side lines, and have cut 
 the north ledge four to six feet wide, of good c re. running high *" copper, at 
 280 feet, and the south ledge, of less width, at la. feet. A double compartment 
 shaft taps the main tunnel 410 feet from Its mouth, near the Intersection of 
 the drift, and Is used for ventilation. Another tunnel Is t^luK run to the 
 gulch to Intersect the north drift, and there Is In all about 3.000 feet of uiider- 
 ground work. The-e are over 7,000 tons of ore on the dump, and Oliver 
 Durant, the manager, estimates that there are between 20aM0 and mOW tons 
 of ore in sight In the mine. It Is .intended to sink a three-compartment shaf^ 
 on the hill near the north side line to a depth of 200 feet below the present 
 
 < \m 
 
 I 
 
 m 
 
 l;ti 
 
 Ui 
 
 
 'I 
 
 in 
 
 ,1,' J 
 
122 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 tunnel level. The mljie has a steam engine and seven compressed air drills.. 
 
 The Josle, north of the Le Rot, is being developed by the Josle Gold Mining 
 Company, and has two ledges, the main and the north. The main tunnel be- 
 gan In ore, but this was soon cut off, and the tunnel ran on between smooth 
 walls and through a fault, beyond which It cut an ore chute one to four feet 
 wide, sloped up thirty to forty feet and ninety feet long. A 100-foot shaft 
 here connects with the surface. In a short cross-out. 250 fact from the tunnel 
 mouth, a diamond drill located ore 107 feet to the north. The tunnel then 
 runs for about 100 feet, with ore In the roof, sometimes three feet of solid 
 pyrrhotitp. with much sulphide scattered through the dlorite. Then occurs 
 another fault, where a cross-out runs 100 feet north to connect with a shaft 
 which ha.s been sunk sixty feet in ore in the north ledge, and which has 100 
 feet more to go down. A cross-cut to the south showed ore for twelve to 
 fifteen feet, and the tunnel, in "00 feet, showed low-grade ore for over 200 feet, 
 which would pay to sort and ship. Consloerable ore has been tak.^n from 
 a slope on the surface, 120 feet long and three to four feet wide. A two- 
 compartment shaft has been sunk 120 feet in ore at the mouth of the tunnel, 
 and 100 feet of drifts have been run at th^ eighty-five foot level, the ore taken 
 out being sorted and shipped to Tacoma. A -rosB-cut run from the Le Rot 
 boundary taps this shaft at 100 feet. The shaft will be sunk 500 feet, and drltta 
 will be run at the 200-foot level. The Poorman tunnel has been continued 
 through the Josle ground for 150 feet, striking an ore chute sixty feet from the 
 line, which is forty feet long and averages Kucteen feet wide. This tunnel 
 Is 100 feet above the main tunnel on the other side of the mountain. The 
 first shipment of seventy tons from the Josie returned $43 at the smeltei*. 
 other shipments ran $47 and one car load ran $68. The mine is equipped with 
 seven compressed air drills, steam hoist and pump. 
 
 The St. Elmo, owned by the St. Elmo Gold Mining Company, has a largre 
 cropping of quartzose rock, containing calcite, zinc blende and Iron and 
 copper pyrites, east of which a 100-foot tunnel runs on diorlte, well mineralized 
 with pyrites. The main tunnel runs 300 feet on an east and west wall through 
 Consolidated St. Elmo ground .ind for the last forty feet on St. Elmo ground, 
 where a depth of 300 feet is attained. The ledge is then '.ross-cut and Is 
 twenty-two feet wide, of $10 ore. 
 
 The Monte Crlsto gave Its name to the Monte Crlsto Mountain, and shows 
 eight to twelve feet of solid pyrrhotite directly beneath the Injn capping, on 
 which a shaft was sunk sixty feet. Tunnel No. 2 Is In 290 feet to a depih of 125 
 feet, and twelve feet from the mouth cut a chute of or*) which continued for 
 seventy feet, and is six feet wide, but carried only a trace to $3 gold. Striking 
 a fault, the tunnel diverged to the northeast for fifty feet and again struck 
 the ore chute, which It still has In the face, the value having increased to $12 
 to $30. Tunnel No. 1, 300 feet below No. 2. Is in 300 teet. and was run north of 
 the ledge to catch the dip, a cross-cut to the south tapping the latter and flit- 
 ting the first ore chute str.fk to the upper tunnel. The mine, which Is owned 
 by the Monti Crlstc Gold ^Vllaing Company, has an engine, seven-drill com- 
 pressor and two oow?r IriJls. 
 
 The California, owneu by the California Gold Mining Company, has two 
 east and west ledges and two cross ledges running north and south. A tunnel 
 has been run 165 feet on one cross ledge, which has widened from six to thirty- 
 six inches, with decomposed (juprta giving place to solid ore, of $15 value. 
 Another tunnel is in thirty feet on the same vein. 100 feet higher. The lower 
 tunnel will be extended to cross-cut the east and west ledges, one of which 
 has been opened by a fifty-foot shaft. The second north and south ledge has 
 been stripped for 200 feet and is sixteen feet wide, a tif ty-four-foot shaft show- 
 ing $15 ore In it. The company Is putting in pumps and power drills and con- 
 tinuing the main tunnel. 
 
 The Nickel Plate Mining Company is pushing development on Its claim 
 and a fraction. A shaft is being sunk on the ore with a drift at the 100-toot 
 level, 100 feet east and 110 feet west, showing more or less ore. A (;ro8S-cut 
 has b^en driven 285 feet north from this shaft. Intersecting at 110 feet a chute 
 of hlbi'-grade pyrrhotite and copper pyrites, which is two to three fe«t wide 
 In a st^ T)e twenty-five feet high. An air-shaft is being sunk near another 
 cropping and will connect v/lth the cross-cut. A hoisting plant and power 
 drills are being installed. 
 
 The (Mty of Spokane, owned by the Lillooet, Frastir River & (^arlboo Gold 
 Field Company, lies across Centre Star Gulch, partly on Red Mountain and 
 partly on Monte Crlsto Mountain, and is being developed on the latter side 
 with a three-d-111 plant and steam engine. A tunnel .325 feet long, with a 
 depth of eighty feet, struck an ore chute u.t sixty feel which j)roved to be 
 ninety feet long and thirty-four feet wMe, of saveral forms of pyrltic ore, 
 averaging $12 to $64 gold. A cross-cut aaghty feel to the north at a point 170 
 feet from the mouth cut several streaks 'Vf ore, one jts wide as two feet, while 
 the south crosH-cut Is In forty-three fffet Another ledge crops two feet 
 wide, assaying on the surface $S gold, 4 iwr cent copper. The main tunnel 
 will be driven "HO feet to thf east, and a winze wU' be sunk 100 feet to It. 
 
 The Red Mountain, west of the City of Spokane, has been equlpp€<l with a 
 seven-drill pterrr- and steam eirrlne by the Red Mountain Mining Company. 
 A shaft Is down sixty feet on the north ledge, with a drift forty feet west at 
 the bottom, showing eighteen Inohcu to four feet of ore which averages $88.40, 
 
M 
 
 '-'-^x^'mmmmmm^mmmM 
 
TRAIL CREEK, ^^• 
 
 BRITISH COLUWBIA. / 
 
 Spo 
 
 CIVIL AND MINtNQ KNO'NrEn 
 
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 31. aivFRfisSr 
 
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 61 Il.VUXM.A 
 
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 66. COMET 
 
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 na. nuoD novs 
 
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 91. ax. KLWO. 
 
 »&. CUM »T. xrmo. 
 
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 101 LonDonosnBT 
 
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 1P9 MIOniM. TlflHl (U QKM 
 
 180 MtlCWtTMT 
 
 131. Cri'Y or 8F0WAHB. 
 
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 LA BFIT,« 
 
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 137 CAtKOOWIA 
 
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 I40 fCOTCfl 
 
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 144 C. A a 
 
 149 niOH rtOBflfi 
 
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 163. ALBEBTA. 
 
 104. KMTE&PBUt: 
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 105. NICkFL PLATB 
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 (TO IDAHO. 
 
 171. VIBGIHIA 
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 174. NO. ). 
 173. AjSniB. 
 170 lOSlE. 
 
 i>ooiijrAir 
 177. r-E noi. 
 
 170, LKOAI. TBKDXm 
 
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 44. liA^tE.. 
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 60. pnoENii; 
 
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 51 OBANU * 
 
 55 BAUOEi*. 
 
 56, CAMP BIl 
 
 37 CONaOLA 
 
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 39 JtVB'ZAIii 
 
 90 BounKir 
 
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 76 :a,irB, 
 
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 77 iirrt.K I 
 
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 80 IBSX. 
 
 81 STOCK E] 
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 87 VIOI.A, 
 
 89. GOOD no 
 
 90 B. C. 1-BJ 
 
 91 POOBUO' 
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 98. 3. A J. 
 94. 8. C. 
 
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 7. ALr'--E 
 
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 Q. Cft<»7-B 6TAH (S) 
 
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 4 NO. J. 
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 7 hz aoi. 
 
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 101 nAuruiNiB ^ 
 
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 104 vr.iv 
 
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 106 NlI.Vt'H fiTAB 
 
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 105 PEern NTTT 
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 110 RTWI. 
 
 111 BIrirnA »OTT« 
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 MI> 
 
 carrying 10 to 12 pe 
 
 ledge at a depth of 
 
 the west and an i 
 
 south. Several ca 
 
 The Cliff, on th 
 
 e«orge C. Whartc 
 
 ledge, easily trace 
 
 shaft have shown 
 
 cuts, runs for the i 
 
 ^, then after a si 
 
 shows a stringer 1 
 
 300 feet, and for si 
 
 m places, then, b< 
 
 been shipped, and 
 
 a shaft Is down t' 
 
 other shaft, forty 
 
 ventilation. The; 
 
 cent, copper. Th< 
 
 Elmo Consolldat«j 
 
 extension of the C 
 
 cut at the bottom, 
 
 to tap the ledge. 
 
 ledge, »50 feet belo 
 
 On the View, t 
 
 on a ledge widen 
 
 and Is continuing 
 
 The Jumbo, oi 
 
 owned by the Jui 
 
 to the I-ondon G< 
 
 Gertrude and Ma 
 
 cropping showed 
 
 bunches running 1 
 
 about 300 feet of 
 
 gangue, and cutt 
 
 end of 150 feet th« 
 
 about $14. Anot 
 
 feet, and is just c 
 
 passed over it. 
 
 which is pronoun 
 
 Near this min 
 
 of the Jumbo ore 
 
 Nevada, across tl 
 
 ore chute higher 
 
 On the south 
 
 Gold Mining Coir 
 
 of quartz carryii 
 
 tunnels have bet 
 
 depth of 37,5 feet, 
 
 aggregates l.fiW) f 
 
 166 to $215, and t 
 
 worth $12 to $40.: 
 
 ore, and are wol 
 
 ore goes to a tw 
 
 three six-foot Id 
 
 ledge, of which 
 
 regarded as the 
 
 at a depth of & 
 
 eaulpped with a 
 
 car tram 800 feel 
 
 The l. X. I... 
 
 Oudln, is genera 
 
 foot tunnel ran 
 
 wide, with the 
 
 Mining Com pun 
 
 I X. I' on the Si 
 
 South of the 
 
 foot shafts on a 
 
 other shaft Is c 
 
 tlfty-foot level a 
 
 similar to the C 
 
 Active devel 
 
 Mountain, in ai 
 
 Eagle ledge, he 
 
 a steam hols a 
 
 on the 100-fo a i 
 
 $160, an avera.r* 
 
 On the west 
 
 have the Marlp< 
 
 ised. A cros8-( 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 US 
 
 carrying 10 to 12 per cent, copper. A cross-cut has been ru i ^OO feet to cut the 
 ledge at a depth of 2B0 feet, and will be connected with the snaft by a drift' io 
 the west and an upraise of 190 feet. A parallel ledge crops 220 faet to tho 
 south. Several car loads of ore from the shaft have been shipped to Tacortia 
 
 The Cliff, on the east slope of Red Mountain, is owned by S. M. Wharton" 
 G«orge C. Wharton, John R. Cook and E. L. Tate. It has a well-deflried 
 ledge, easily traced through It, and several open«cut3 and a lorty-ttve-foot 
 shaft have shown hfgh-grade ore. A 400-foot tunnel, with 100 feet of cross- 
 cuts, runs for the flnit ninety feet through soild ore four feet wide, worth |6' to 
 18, then after a slip continues sixty-five feet, when it becomes broken tiii6 
 Shows a stringer two to ten Inches wide. Tunnel No. 2, 100 feet lower,- I'sln 
 300 feet, and for slxty-Hve feet runs through low-grade ore, thirteen feet Wide 
 IKi places, then, beyond a fault, for ninety feet more. Some of this ore has 
 been shipped, and returned a small profit. Below the mouth of this tunnel 
 R shaft Is down twenty-five feet In ore, and 150 feet above the tunnel 'Is' an- 
 other shaft, forty feet In ore, which will be cnnected with the tunnel for 
 ventilation. There are about 500 tons of $30 ore on the dump, carrying 16 per 
 cent, copper. The mine has a three-drill compressor and an engine. The St. 
 Elmo Consolidated, owned by Messrs. Wharton and others, is on the W6st 
 extension of the Cliff ledge, and has a fifty-foot shaft with a fifteen-foot cross- 
 cut at the bottom, showing ten feet of ore. A cross-cut Is in seventy-five feet 
 to tap the ledge. The St. Elmo Company has driven a tunnel 300 feet on the 
 ledge, 350 feet below on this claim, to run through into its own ground. 
 
 On the View, the Rod Mountain View Company had a forty-flve-foot tunnel 
 on a ledge widening from fifteen inches to nearly three feet of mixed ore, 
 and Is continuing development. 
 
 The Jumbo, on the left side of Red Mountain overlooking Sheep Creek, is 
 owned by the Jumbo Gold Mining Company, which has bonded It for $500,000 
 to the I-ondon Gold Fields Syndicate. The same company lias bonded the 
 Gertrude and Maryland, adjoining, for $145,000. A thirty-flve-foot shaft on a 
 cropping showed some low-grade ore and some ttllurides In streaks and 
 bunches running $1,000 and more In gold. A tunnel was then run 260 feet, with 
 about 300 feet of cress-cuts, showing fifty feet of sulphide ore In a quarta 
 gangue, and cutting two of the three parallel ledges on the claim. At the 
 end of 150 feet the tunnel entered and continued for fifty feet on ore averaging 
 about $14. Another tunnel, about 200 feet north and 175 feet lower, is in 300 
 feet, and is just coming into an ore body on the ledge, the upper tunnel having 
 passed over it. Five car loads of unsorted ore have been shipped as a test, 
 which Is pronounced satisfactory. 
 
 Near this mine, a tunnel is being run on the HlRh Ore for the continuation 
 of the Jumbo ore chuto. and a tunnel is being run for the same purpose on the 
 Nevada, acrofs the creek. The Gold Hill has run a tunnel 350 feet to strike an 
 ore chuto higher up. , ^ ,,. 
 
 On the south slope of Spokane Mountain is the O. K., owned by the 0..,K. 
 Gold Mining Comjmny, on which Is a true fissure ledge five to seven feet wide 
 of quartz carrying free gold, iron and copper sulphides and galena. Three 
 tunnels have been run, 233, 400 and 335 feet respectively, the lowest giving a 
 depth of 375 feet, and with cross-cuts an'i connecting winzes the development 
 aiTKrcgntes 1 fiOO feet. On the footwall is one to five feet of smelting ore. worth 
 $^) to $215 and the remainder of the ledge is milling and concentrating ore. 
 worth $12 to $40. The concentrates range from 2 to 10 per cent, of the crude 
 ore and are worth $Gfi to $157, carrying 8 to 10 per cent, copper. The milling 
 ore'gotL-s to a twenty-five-stamp mill, of which ten stamps are In operation. 
 
 three six-foot improved Frue vanners saving the sulphides. A 
 wlue of which the cropping.'^ are visible above the ledge now 
 regarded as tho main ledge and source of the smelting ore, and ivil 
 L depth of 500 feet by the extension of the owest level. T 
 nued with a five-drill air compressor and a diamond drill, an< 
 trHm 800 feet long brings the ore to the mill. 
 
 irani ovi, ^^ owned by John S. Baker, J. H. Scott. Edwr^rd Brehn and C. P. 
 n is" liener'aliy believed to be on the extension of the- O. K. ledge. A 126- 
 'iintifM ran Into it twenty feet from the mouth ar.d showed it four :eet 
 
 thirty-foot 
 worked, is 
 rt-B^arded as tho main ledge ana source oi ine smemiiB u.^.-, anu will lie tapped 
 at a depth of 500 feet by the extension of the lowest level. The miiie is 
 ('miinned with a five-drill air compressor and a diamond drill, and a gravity 
 car tram 800 feet long brings the ore to the mill. 
 
 2!J,'!'";inner ran into it twenty feet from the mouth ar.d showed it four :eet 
 ^Vd^wl^h the same characteH as the O. K. The St. Lawrence Gold 
 
 Mining Company Is preparing to develop the Gold King, which adjoins the 
 
 ^' ■^■r,uth"of'the'"o!'K.rthe'Norway Gold M*nlng Comp.any has sunk two thirty- 
 foot shans on a large body of low-grade sulphide ore assaying $6 to $12. An- 
 other shaft Is down fifty-four feet and a cross-cut thirty-seven feet at the 
 fiftv-foot level shows only one wall. The ore is sulphides in k quartz gangue 
 Kimllar to the O. K., and a number of assays average $20. 
 
 Active development Is being pushed on a numboT of properties on Red 
 ..„,v;,tain In -uldition to those already described. The Monlta, on the War 
 Fagle ledge has b^n "quipped by the Monlta Gold Mining Company with 
 , sfeam hoU and two power drills, and a shaft U being siink and a dilft run 
 on the 100-fo >t level, showing thr.M> feei of ore assaying from a trace up to 
 
 *'%rthVwesf exSl'o^'cff one of the W Rol ledges, G. H. Randell and other, 
 have the Mariposa, on which a fifteen-foot shaft shows the rock well min-^nil- 
 ized A cross-cut Is being run to tap the ledge. 
 (6) 
 
 m 
 
 '•.y 
 m 
 
 Lt" 
 
 t f . 
 
 3 
 
 -I 
 
 -y 
 
ill 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 The White Bear, which has been equipped by the White Bear Mining & 
 MlUlng Company with two power drills and a steam hoist and pump, has an 
 eteliteen-fopt cropping of what Is believed to be the Le Roi ledge. A shaft Is 
 down fifty-flye feet on the footwall, In well mineralized rock, and a cross-cut 
 win be run at the 100-foot level. 
 
 The Annie fraction Is also believed to be on one of the I-ie Rod ledges, and 
 shows good ore In a fifty-foot shaft sunk by the Kootenal-London Mining 
 Company , 
 
 The Surprise and Lucky Queen, owned by P. Porter and Peck Bros., of 
 Chicago, adjoin the St. p:imo and Red Mountain. They have two ledges ex- 
 posed, on one of which a 200- foot tunnel shows five feet o ' ore at a depth of 
 sevent>-flve feet, and surface cuts for 600 feet up the mountain make the same 
 showing. .The other ledge is exposed for 900 feet by surface cuts, being thirty 
 feet wide, with ten feet of ore averaging about |8 gold and 2% per cent, copper, 
 this ore chute showing also in a thirty-foot shaft. 
 
 The Butte, on the south slope of Red Mountain, is traversed by a strong 
 Assure ledge from east to west, and a nlnetytwo-foot shaft cut through three 
 ore chutes assaying |8 to $22 gold, and showing eight to twenty-four Inches 
 of sllicloug ore on the footwall. The third chute shows three feet of solid ore. 
 The Butte Gold-Copper Mining Company Is sinking to depth and drifting on 
 the ledge. 
 
 The Cracker Jack, owned by the Cracker Jack Mining Company, has a 
 shaft down eighty five feet, showing four feet of ore In the bottom, while a 
 twenty-flve-foot shaft is down on another ledge, assays ranging from $12 to $15. 
 
 The Northern Belle, owned by the Northern Belle Mining Company, Is on 
 the north slope of Red Mountain, and has a twenty-foot ledge, with two feet 
 of solid ore and numerous lesser streaks, tapped at a depth of eighty feet by 
 a cross-cut of ^14 feet. Assays average from $12 to $15 gold. A seventeen- 
 foot shaft shows four feet of $25 ore In a parallel ledge. 
 
 The Mab«l Gold Mining Company has run a tunnel 100 feet on the Mabel, 
 which slopes up Red Mountain from Centre Star Gulch, has sunk a winze 
 twenty-two feet and cross-cut five feet In ore assaying $12 to $60, and has not 
 struck the footwall. A cross-cut is in 160 feet at a further depth of 166 feet, 
 and will also tap a smaller parcllel ledge. 
 
 The Big Three Mining Company is opening up the Southern Belle and an- 
 other claim, adjoining the Cliff on the north. A shaft was sunk and in thirty 
 feet showed the pay streak, after widening from six to twenty-four Inches, 
 to split. The footwall was followed twenty feet more, and then a cross-cut 
 encountered the other streak and showed three feet of $38 ore. Another five- 
 foot ledge 500 feet north will be tapped by a cross-cut, now in seventy-five feet, 
 and a third ledge! Is exposed. 
 
 Adjoining the California is the Giant, which the Giant Mining Company 
 is developing steadily. Two large ledges f inverse the claim, and a shaft on 
 one of them is in shipping ore from the ;itart, eleven assays ranging from 
 $14.40 to $58.40 gold. A tunnel is also being driven on this ledge, and every foot 
 of penetration shows Improvement In the ore. 
 
 The Morning Star has a shaft down 100 feet on a flifty-foot ledge of ore 
 similar to thf low-grade ore of the Lc Rol, and is extending It another 100 feet. 
 A steam hoist, pump and two-drill compressor are being Installed. 
 
 The Evening Star Gold Mining Company has on the Evening Star, on 
 Monte Crlsto Mountain, a large exposure of decomposed rock through which 
 two ledges appear to run, and from one of these twenty-two tons of surface 
 ore have been shipped to Tacoma and returned $32.80 gold. A fifty-foot tunnel 
 on this ledge showed a small stringer carrying free gold to widen considerably, 
 and a tunnel has been driven 300 feet from a further depth of sixty feet to 
 strike this ore body, and to be used as a working tunnel. Work on this cross- 
 cut was suspended until a shaft was sunk on a known chute of high-grade ore 
 on the summit, and at thirty feet this had widened from six inches to three 
 feet and in a drift to four feet. Shipments of 100 tons have returned $26.33, 
 and two car loads weekly are now bedng shipped, making this the sixth claim 
 In the camp to give promise ot regular shipments. The shaft and drift are 
 both being extended. 
 
 On the C. & C, south of the Evening Star. J. H. O'Leary and others have 
 sunk a shaft thirty feet, all In low-grade mixed ore, and .are pushing work 
 vigorously. 
 
 The Northern Belle Mining Company takes Its name from a. claim on Bed 
 Mountain which shows three ledges on the surface. One of the three showed 
 continuous improvement in a small shaft and has been tapped by a 100-foot 
 crosK-cut. Another ledge has a short tunnel, all in $28 ore. A cross-cut to 
 tap all the ledges at a depth of 500 feet will be run this season. 
 
 The Georgia Gold Mining Company has on the Georgia a 100-foot tunnel 
 running through four or five feet of mixed ore and rock, with cross-cuts to 
 the west forty and sixteen feet. 
 
 The Iron Horse, on the south slope of Monte Crlsto Mountain, has a tunnel 
 140 feel, from which a twenty-foot drift to the north struck an ore body, while 
 a cross-cut to the south sixty-four feet from the surface, opened an ore chute, 
 two car loads from which av«>raged S.'JO. An upraise has been made from this 
 tunnel to connect with a thirty-six-foot shaft sunk by the locators. A wlnsie 
 

 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 m 
 
 haa been sunk sixty-eight feet on the ore chute, and la being extended to the 
 surface by a shaft from above and an upraise to meet It, the intention bela* 
 to make' this a double compartment shaft. A hoist has been placed at tHe 
 shaft and power hired from the Columbia & Kootenai. 
 
 The Iron Horse fraction, the name of which has been changed to the Alkl, 
 Is owned by the Aikl Gold Mining Company and Is on the west extension fit 
 the Columbia & Kootenai ledge on Monte Crlsto Mountain, with extensioae 
 of the Evening Star and one of the Georgia ledges. A sixty-foot shaft shows 
 five feet of solid ore, on which the shaft is being sunk another fifty feci, 
 with the intention of then Installing power drills and an air compressor and 
 drifting. Another shaft Is down twenty feet on four feet of ore In the same 
 ledge. Assays have ranged from $10 to $40. 
 
 The Iron Colt, on the extension of the Columbia & Kootenai ledge, is owned 
 by the Iron Colt Mining Company, which has bought two-power drills to be 
 operated by compressed air from the Columbia & Kootenai. A shaft is down 
 seventy-five feet, showing ore all the way down and the full width, averagl»g 
 $15 gold with very little copper on the surface, but improving to about $25, with 
 2 per cent, copper at the bottom. This shaft is to be extended to a depth of 
 at least 500 feet. A cross-cut is in sixty feet, and In 380 feet more will tap 
 the ledge at a depth of 176 feet. 
 
 The La Belle, also on the west extension of the Columbia & Kootenai ledge, 
 with four other known ledges crossing it. Is owned by the Rossland La Bette 
 Mining & Development Company. A cross-cut is in sixty feet, and will strik« 
 the Columbia ledge twenty feet further. 
 
 On the north slope of Monte Crlsto Mountain is the Delacola, owned by the 
 Delacola Gold Mining Company. A sixty-eight-foot shaft in the hanglag 
 wall ds In mineralized rock for its whole width, assaying $3 to $8 gold and 4 
 ounces silver, at a depth of twenty feet, with two feet of pay ore, and a fifteen- 
 foot shatt on another 'edge shows a streak of magnetic iron to widen from 
 half an Inch to eight inches, carrying $2.60 gold, 4 ounces silver. Both ledgpee 
 show a little peacock copper. The shaft is loeing extended to the 100-foot level, 
 where drifting will begin. 
 
 The Columbia & Kooteuai group of four claims is owned by the Trail Min- 
 ing Company, the stock of which has recently been bonded by F. August 
 Helnze for $500,000. Mr. Carlyle says that this property has an ore-bearing 
 zone running northeast by southwest with decomposed masses of sulphide ore 
 exposed on the surface. At the north end of the Columbia is a porphyry dike 
 that can be traced with almost a certainty for over two miles running north 
 and south, with solid sulphide ore on both sides. The highest tunnel is 186 
 feet long, and at 100 feet an upraise was made thirty-nine feet to the surface 
 and a winze sunk twelve feet, on a ledge of about two feet, from which two 
 car loads returned $11.50 and $51.20 respectively. A second tunnel 145 feet below 
 is in 425 feet, and at the face has fifteen Inche^i of high-grade and thirty-three 
 inches of mixed ore, an average assay across the face being $14. At the 126- 
 foot mark, a winze Is down twenty feet on ore assaying $40 gold, and an up- 
 raise has been made for sixty-five feet. A forty-foot cross-cut, 100 feet further 
 in the tunnel, cuts the main ore body, two feet of which averages $40. A third 
 tunnel, ninety-seven feet below, is In fifty-two feet on a chute carrying eight 
 to ten inches of mixed ore assaying $23 free gol 1, the maximum depth attaJned 
 being 300 feet. Another ledge of twenty inches of free milling quartz haa 
 been traced by a flfty-one-foot tunnel and a twenty-eight-foot shaft, on which 
 work is being continued. Some of the ore shows nlckellferous pyrrhotlte 
 carrying about 2 per cent, nickel. The mine has a thirty-drill compressor 
 and hoist. 
 
 On three ledges parallel with the Columbia &. Kootenai, the Big Three Gold 
 Mining Company has the Mascot. A 140-foot tunnel has been run for ov^ 
 eighty feet on solid ore, and a winze makes an equally good showing. A shaft 
 Is down over forty feet to connect with the tunnel 150 feet from its mouth 
 at a depth of 260 feet. Ore from this shaft assays $33 to $48 gold. A parallel 
 ledge shows eight feet wide In a fifteen-foot open cut, and a third ledge, to 
 the north, crops five feet wide the whole length of the claim, showing solid 
 pyrrhotlte ore. assaying $12 on the surface, and la being opened by a shaft. 
 
 The South Belt, extending through the valley of Trail Creek below Ross- 
 land and over Deer Park and Lake Mountains along the ridge to Lookout 
 Mountain, above the town of Trail, is declared by Mr. Carlyle to have the 
 same system of east and west ledges, with ore of fair value. Ihe ore on most 
 properties carries very little pyrrhotlte, but much iron and arsenopyrlte, with 
 Bome zinc blende and galena, the silver value exceeding the gold. The Colum- 
 tia & Western Railroad runs through the heart of this belt. ui u «- 
 
 The principal property Is the Crown Point group of five claims, which is 
 owned by the War elagie Consolidated Mining & development Company, or- 
 ganized by the Gooderham-Blackstock syndicate to operate this Propejty. tnf 
 War Eagle and the Richmond. On the surface a dike thirty to forty feet wide 
 Is exposed, with 'hree to eight feet of sulphide ore on each side, which was 
 struck at sixtv feet by. an inclined shaft. This sh-ift wis sunk on seven feet 
 of ore, which narrowed at thirty-five feet to three or ^0"^ fe^t and Is 
 now m feet. At the seventy-foot level a drift was ruii ninety feet along the 
 dike. In ore for sixtv feet, and at sixty feet along this drift a winze was sunli 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 ■till 
 
 f ■•"',1 
 
 
 M 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 126 
 
 ■irtt .-'' 
 
 twenty ffy-t, huvlnR four feet of ore In the bottoin. At the bottom of the ahaft 
 a <irlft runs 100 feet west und Hoventy-Hvid feet eaat, each with a flfty-foot 
 cTQ^-cut and all Ln barren porphyrlte. A main tunnel Is now In 500 feet to tap 
 th*, pre chute 150 leet west of the dike and 170 feet below the surface, and Is 
 expecte<l to strike the ledire any day. One hundred tons of ore shipped 
 returned an averiuge of about $24. The supposed extension of the Crown 
 PQinJ, ledKe runs through three of the other c'alms, and two shafts showed 
 BOUkfi low-grade ore, whlh;, an open cut showed three to four feet of good grade, 
 wHV^' a tunnel and criSss-cut failed to strike below. A long cross-cut la 
 tKnvJp 300 feet to tap this led^e at depth. 
 
 The R. E. I^ee groui) of three claims is owned hy the R. E. Lee Gold Mining 
 Company, control of which has passed into the hands of a Toronto company, 
 and Is equipped with a seven-drill compressor and a steam hoist. A main 
 shaft Is being sunk to the 100-foot level, and shows three feet of ore assaying 
 $l(\,lo $35 gold, 4 ounces sliver. A fifty-foot level runs forty-seven feet east 
 and a cross-cut twenty-four feet north from this shaft, and a thirty-foot 
 tunnel, with twenty-foot drift, shows two to three feet of mixed ore at another 
 po4nt on the ledge. Twelve tons shipped from the tunnel returned an aggre- 
 gate of $4.')8 gold. A sixty-foot shaft Is down on the Gopher on similar ore, 
 and a tunnel 5x7 feet is In 100 feet on th » same Unlge, all in arseniciil Iron and 
 copper pyrites, carrying $18 gold and copper, with a little silver. This tunnel 
 is being extended day and night by air drills operated by power from the 
 Hopiestake, and at 800 feet will enter the Homestake, which has the same 
 ledgtj. It pas.ses under a thirty-seven-f jot shaft, all in ore assaying $8 to 122. 
 
 On the Homestake, the Homestake dold Mining Company has traced the 
 same ledge 700 feet by open cuts, and two shafts, one of which Is over 100 fe«t, 
 have been sunk and connected by a drift. One of these shafts Is being con- 
 tinued to connect at 300 feet with the main tunnel from tlie Gopher, which 
 starts 1,300 feet distant. The shaft shows three and one-half feet of ore, 
 ass^yl^g $26..'i4 gold, silver and cop|)er, of which 150 tons will be shipped as 
 soon as the railroad Is extended and chutes can be built. 
 
 The Nest Egg and Firefly are being developed by the Nest Egg-Firefly 
 Gold Milling Company, which has equipped them with a four-drill compressor, 
 hoist and pumps. There are two ledges, on one of which are two small shafts 
 300 feet apart, showing pyrrhotlte iind copper pyrites, while a fifty-foot shaft 
 and twenty-tive-foot drift on the other are all in ore. assaying $20 to $5=i. This 
 shaft is being continued to 200 feet, and drifts will be run to the 100-foot level. 
 
 Tlie Mayflower, owned by the Mayflower Gold Mining Company, ha« three 
 ledges, of which the middle one has been most developed. A 200-foot tunnel 
 with a seventy-two foot shaft at the portal, shows twelve inches of ore. For 
 thirty feet along the tunnel the ledge carried carbonates, which gave place to 
 Iron pyrites with much galena, some zinc blende and calclte. A car load 
 netted %:S. viz., $40 silver, $10 gold, $fi lead, and from th* bottom of the shaft 
 twelve Inches iwsay 100 ounces silver, $12 gold, the remaining twenty-four 
 inche,s 37 ounces silver; $8 gold, the whole averaging $H5 for all values. On 
 the north ledge, thirty inches wide, a fifty-foot shaft shows eighte^,j inches 
 of $.W ore. Work is being continued on the shaft and tunnel on the main ledge. 
 
 On the Phoenix, the Phoenix Gold Mining Company has three ledges of 
 which the center one Is being developed. An eighty-foot shaft shows five 
 and one-half feet of mixed ore: another of thlrty-sIx feet has a ten-foot drift 
 all In ore. assays of which run as high as $45 gold; the third, which Is now 
 being sunk to the 100-foot level, has the ledge nearly ten feet wide. 
 
 The Blue I'.ird. on the west extension of the Mayflower ledge, shows two 
 to three feet of mixed ore in a twenty-two-foot shaft. On the Curlew be- 
 yond It. John Karle and Joseph Vogel have a forty-three-foot shaft showing 
 six to ten Inchts of ore which carries $6 to $10 gold, 70 to 80 ounces silver. On 
 the Zllor, half a mile west, E. Morrison, of Victoria, has sunk three shafts 
 one In barren diorite, another of thirty feet showing considerable ore and a 
 third of sixty feet which passed through good ore Into barren rock and again 
 Into ore. The Hattie Brown, adjoining the Blue Bird, has a shaft showing 
 pyrites and arsenopvrlte half Its width at the forty-five foot level. 
 
 The Trilby group of two claims Is being opened by the Gold & Sliver Mines 
 Developing Company. The ledge, two to four feet wide, was first stripped 
 for several hundred feet and defined by a twenty-five-foot shaft, all In ore 
 Another h-haft. now seventy feet deep, ran Into solid low-grade ore at the forty- 
 fool: level, carrying iron pyrites ant. galena. Surface assavs averaged $5 to $6 
 but value has increased with depth. At fifty feet considerable galena came 
 In and assays between fifty and sixty feet averaged $28, while one at sixtv-flve 
 feet ran $18 silver, $22.50 gold. ^ ^ 
 
 The Southern Cross group of three claims, owned by the Southern Cross 
 & Wolverine Consolidated Gold Mining Company, has a well-defined fissure 
 ledge carrying two or three feet of solid sulphides In two tunnels, seventy-five 
 and ninety feet long, and ten feet in the longer tunnel a winze was sink 
 twenty-five feet on two or three feet of low-grade ore. along what apnears fo 
 be the Crown Point dike. 
 
 The I.lly May, the pioneer location of the camp. Is being developed bv the 
 Lily May Gold Mining Company with a ten-drill comi)rassor plant and s'tearn 
 hoist. An incline shaft Is down 108 feet on the ledge, and Is tapped at forty 
 
MINTNO IN THK PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 127 
 
 feet by an flghty-Hve-fooi tunnel from the Hurface on an ore chute two to alx 
 feet wide. A thlrty-flve-foot drift to the northwest fihows solid ore across 
 the face assaying ,J22.10. A second shaft forty-five feet on a parallel ledgo 
 shows ore the full width, carrying gold, silver and copper. A third shaft 
 struck a six-Inch pay streak at a depth of ten feet, and this widened to four 
 fi^ot at a depth of seventy feet, with increasing gold values. The following 
 assays were taken In the early stages of development, but those taken recently 
 show practically th same value, gold having almost entirely replaced silver; 
 42 ounces silver, $4 gold, total $32.15; 06 ounces silver, $4 gold, 26 per cent, lead, 
 total $85.18;35 ounces silver, $2.40 gold, 7 per cent, lead, total $29.80. 
 
 The Deer Park has one of the largest ore bodies Inthe canip, but It was 
 of dlscouraglngly low grade until the Deer Park Gold Mining Cfompany took 
 hold of It and began sinking to depth. The surface assays ran no higher 
 than $6 from pyrrhotlte and little Improvement was shown for fifty feet 
 down the shaft, though a cross-cut showed forty-eight feet of ore with no 
 walls In sight. But from a depth of seventy feet onward the value began 
 to Improve, the lowest assay below that point being $16, while as much as 
 $220 has been shown, chalcopyrlte having come In. A cross-cut will be run 
 at the 120-foot level to determine the size and course of the ledge. 
 
 The Commander, which has been bonded by the Commander Mining and 
 Smelting Company to the London Gold Fields Syndicate for $250,000, has 
 another great ore body. A shaft sunk on a smooth wall beside a por- 
 phyry dike to a depth of 200 feet Is In a continuous chute of ore and 
 at the lOO-foot level a drift for 1.50 feet to the southeast shows the ore body 
 to be two to three feet wide, while a cro.ss-cut at the bottom of the shaft 
 shows the ledge to be at least seventy feet wide. Of this, four feet Is pay 
 ore assaying $20 to $40 gold and copper, and the balance Is mixed oxidized 
 Iron, quartz and decomposed diorlte, running from $3 to $7 In value. The 
 mine has a steam engine, pump, four-drill compressor and two power drills. 
 
 A six-foot ledgo has been traced east and west across the Palo Alto by 
 the Palo Alto Gold Mining Company and a thirty-one foot shaft showed 
 oxidized matter for the first seventeen feet and three feet of flne-gralned 
 iiisenopyrlte for the remainder of the distance. On the San Joaquin, the 
 San Joaquin Gold Mining Company Is sinkink on a narrow crevice, In which 
 at a depth of eighteen feet the diorlte had become much more mineralized 
 with pyrrhotlte and copper pyrites. 
 
 The St. Paul, on the north slope of Deer Park Mountain, is owned by the 
 St. Paul Gold Mining Company, and has three known ledges, one of which has 
 free-milling ore. On the first a shaft Is down twenty-five feet, and a cross- 
 cut both ways from the bottom shows sixteen feet of mineralized ledge matter. 
 Two other ledges were exposed In the cuts for the Red Mountain Railroad, 
 and one of these has been explored by a twenty-two-foot tunnei and tapped 
 In 160 feet by a cross-cut, which will tap the first-mentioned ledge In 250 feet 
 more, at a depth of 150 to 200 feet. The third ledge has not been explored, but 
 shows free-milling ore similar to that of the O. K. A three-drill compressor 
 plant Is pushing the cro.ss-cut ahead. 
 
 On the Red Eagle, the Red Eagle Gold Mining Company has tapped a 
 two-foot ledge at a depth of fifty feet with a ninety-five-foot cross-cut, show- 
 ing twelve Inches of Iron sulphide and galena ore. assaying $27 to $35. A forty- 
 foot shaft on the snme l<'dge shows six inches of solid ore on the hanging wall 
 and ten Inchefi on the foot wall, assaying $40 to $110 in gold, silver and copper, 
 with three and one-half feet of mineralized quartz between. A steam hoist, 
 |)ump and two steam drills have been installed. The same company has sunk 
 fifteen feet on the Red Pole, which Is on the Sliver Bell ledge, showing streaks 
 of galena and sulphides throughout, averaging $25 to $,'!0. 
 
 The Kootenai-London Mining Company has been developing the Comet 
 No. 2. In which a twelve-foot shaft showed ore the full width, with neither 
 wall In sight, assays running from $8 to $12. 
 
 On the Trallhunter, the Cromwell Mining & Development Company Is sink- 
 ing a shaft, which at twenty feet showed sulphide ore the full width, assaying 
 
 The Iron Hope group of two claims, which the Iron Hope Mining & Milling 
 Company is developing, has four well-defined ledges, on two of which work 
 has given good results. On one a ten-foot shaft showed four feet of ledge 
 matter highly mineralized with Iron pyrites carrying $2..')0 to $3 gold. Another 
 shelved heavv arsenical iron on the surface assaying $5.40 gold and silver, and 
 in a fifty-foot shaft this has widened to thirty Inches, as.saying $25 to $35 gold, 
 iH'sides silver. The ore follows the granite hanging wall, which is smooth 
 and well defined, and between It and the footwall Is a great dike of hornblendlc 
 rock, which at the bottom of the shaft Is heavily loaded with Iron pyrites and 
 sliows some copper. ^ », , „ * t„ i, Kr.i.-.o' 
 
 Th." Sunset group of two claims, also on Deer Park Mountain, Is being 
 .U-veloped by the Canadian Gold Fields Syndicate, which has contracted for a 
 live-drill comi)res.sor plant, eighty-horse power boiler, hoist and PU/nP- ^"6 
 ledse exposed on the surface for 1,100 feet averages two feet, an'^„at>he mouth 
 of Uie main shaft Is eighteen inches. This shaft Is down seventy feet, and 
 snows u1o widen to four'f'Jet of solid pyrrhotlte and 'ron pyrites rorn the 
 twenty-foot level downward. Assays range from $22 to $G8.5o'^;j"^^^'(f <Xwa 
 silver, and average about $40 gold. Another shaft, twenty feet deep, shows 
 
 14 
 
 1 1* 
 
 i:^ 
 
 ^ f. 
 
128 
 
 MINING In the pacific northwest. 
 
 ore assaying $36 gold, 3 per cent copper, 3 to 4 ounces sliver, and a third, of 
 thirty fiet, 1h In ore carrying still higher values. A drift has been run Boventy- 
 flve feet from the sixty-foot level In the muln shaft, which will be continued 
 and win connect at the 100-foot level with a tunnel driven 200 fe«t on the ledge. 
 The Bl.'ick Rock, on the northwest slope of Deer Park Mountain, Is half a 
 mile from the Le Rol, and Is believed to be on one of the Le Rol ledges. It Is 
 four feet on the surface, and continues that width In a 30-foot shaft, on which 
 work Is about to be resumed. Near the surface the dlorlle was Impregnated 
 with mineral, and at twenty feet streaks of solid pyrrhotlte besan to come In, 
 so that a decided Improvement may be expected on the assay of $4.20 gold, 
 made at seventeen feet depth. 
 
 The Rossland Trail Creek Gold Mining Company has three ledges on the 
 Oolden Crown group of three claims on Luke Mountain. In one a forty-ftve- 
 foot shaft shows two feet uf chalcopyrlte assaying $2 to $2X gold, and on an 
 other an ^'"ven-foot shaft and a thirty-seven-foot open cut showed a body 
 of well ..ilnerallzed quartz, an assay of which from an adjoining claim showed 
 $96. 
 
 The Grand Prize Mining Company Is developing two cross ledges on the 
 Grand Prize, which has the northeastern extension of the Deer Park ledge. 
 The north ledge Is nine feet wide, and a fourteen-foot shaft has developed 
 streaks of ore aggregating fourteen Inches and assaying $8 gold and 9 per cent, 
 copper. The south ledge Is thlrt}' feet wide, and a thirty-foot shaft shows a 
 ten-Inch streak of mineral carrying $18 gold and 6 per cent, copper. The value 
 and size of the Deer Park ledge are being shown up on the Deer Park property, 
 so nothing Inis been on It. 
 
 On the mil Top, a direct east extension of the Mayflower, the Hill Top 
 Mining & Milling Company has two very large ledges running east and west. 
 The north ledge, In a forty-foot shaft, shows an average gold value of $8. 
 Numerous surface cross-cuts and a 220-foot tunnel have shown the south ledge 
 to be fully fifty feet wide, of highly slllclous ore, averaging about $9 gold, 
 besides copper. This Is believed to bo first-class concentrating ore. Work 
 Is still in active progress. 
 
 The largest block of mining ground In the camp owned by a single com- 
 pany Is the Fourteen group, which has been surveyed and made accessible by 
 wagon roads by the Fourteen Gold Mines Consolld.ated Company. It com- 
 prises fourteen claims and seven fractions, aggregating 700 acres In area, on 
 the north slope of Deer Park and Lake Mountains, artd, while undeveloped, 
 Is surrounded by some of the most promising developed properties, the ledges 
 from which run Into this ground. Among these are the Red Eagle, Curlew, 
 Mayflower, Homestake, R. K. Lee, Lily May, Hill Top, Gopher and Crown 
 Point, already described. The Red Eagle ledge has been opened on one of 
 the Fourteen claims by a thirty-foot shaft, showing high-grade shipping ore. 
 This company Is preparing for extensive development this season. 
 
 Lookout Mountain, six miles east of Trail, has during the last year become 
 the scene of .active development, large Iron caps indicating the presence of 
 great bodies of ore running northeast and southwest with a northerly dip. 
 
 The principal work so far done Is on the G. R. Sovereign, which "Rocky 
 Mountain" Ryan and Messrs. Peterson and Murphy have bonded to Gen. J. 
 Warren and others. A shaft was first sunk, following down a body of low- 
 grade pyrrhotlte In dlorlte gangue. In which copper pyrites, quartz and calclte 
 gradually came In, with rising gold value, which at fifty feet was about $i)0. 
 A cross-cut Is In 17.') feet to tap the ledge at a denth of 2u0 feet, and at ninety 
 feet struck a cross ledge carrying several feet of ore. 
 
 Adjoining the Sovereign on the southwest, the Joker Gold Mining Company 
 has sunk fifty feet on the Joker, and is drifting from the bottom toward the 
 ledge, on a stringer which assayed $42. 
 
 The Vlnon, northwest of the Sovereign, owned by T. M. Beamish and Frank 
 and Charles Young, of Vancouver, B. C, has a large surface showing of ore 
 averaging $13. A cross-cut, now In twenty feet, will tap the ledge In sixty feet. 
 The first claim staked on I..ookout Mountain was the Red Point, located In 
 1893, and now being developed by the Red Point Gold Mining Company. The 
 Btirface ore assayetl $r,8 gold, $10 silver, and the ledge will be tapped In twenty- 
 five feet more at a depth of ;i.")0 feet by a cross-cut, which Is In 275 feet. 
 
 The NIplssIng group of three claims, owned by T. M. Beamish, has three 
 Iron-capped ledjres crossing It, the first of which will be tapped in sixty or 
 seventy feet more by a cross-cut, now In 140 feet. This cross-cut was run 
 on a feeder one to two and one-half feet wide, assays of which ranged from a 
 trace to $68 gold. 
 
 The Ida Queen Gold Mining Company has run a tunnel fifty feet on an 
 eight-foot ledge on the Ida Queen, assaying $14 gold, and Is extending It night 
 and day. 
 
 On the Stemwlnder group of four claims, the Rossland Columbia Gold 
 Mining Company has sunk twenty-two feet, showing an elghteen-lnch streak 
 of copper pyrites, assaying $16 gold and copper, and widening with depth, 
 and has tunneled forty feet from the surface. 
 
 The Bruce Gold Mining Company has also been sinking on the Bruce, and 
 has fifty tons of free-milling ore on the dump, the lowest assay of which ex- 
 ceeded $60 gold. 
 
'0 
 
 MININO IN THE TACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 Ill 
 
 In addition to Its Deer Park Mountain clalmn the nnnBian<i t-.m n, %. 
 Gold Mining Comimny haa the Emma CV group oMhrte ctt? on I ilj?/-*®^ 
 heavy Iron caps en tho northwest slope of llookout Mountain h.ft h[^f" °J 
 yet begun development. liOOKoui Mountain, but has not 
 
 The l.lttle Giant Kroup of four claims, owned by iie Canada Mutual Mlnln. 
 & Development Compuny, has three ledge« In whi, . .■xtenslv. m,en cuts havf 
 shown beneath the capping arHf>nl<-al and aulphM.- ore two to three f^t w1d2 
 II 40 Koid " "*^ ' • "'■*'"''""»*^ "*'«''>•« ''•«'" '^'^ Hurfac-e showInK $11 7C tS 
 
 Lookout Mountain has peculiar advantageH for cheap transportation and 
 reduction, for a cal.l.. tramway one and one-half miles long wSulU lake the 
 ore from a., the properties dlri-ct to the Trail .smelter. wuuiu laKe wie 
 
 Within the last 
 
 The most dev.lopment has been done by the Helen Gold Mlnlnir Comnanv 
 1^.^,"''';:".*\' '.T ^H'l'll 'iL*.'!""' through which a ledge eighteen TnTi 
 
 on mo ii< •> ii (Si WH ui I line v;ia.iiii.t, mriiuKJi wnicn a leagf elKhtcen Inchna 
 
 to twelve feet wide has been traced. An Incline shaft Is down e ifhtv fee^ 
 which will connect with a 200-foi.f tunnel at a depth of '.m feet Thp tunnei 
 shows fron> twelve to twenty-four Inches of ore, assaying about $12 sold with 
 a little silver and a trace of lead, though some assays have run aa hl'^h m 
 $1,200. A test shipment of two car loads will be mad'' tnls spring. 
 
 The. Knight Templar, owned by the Knight Tempi lold Mlnliiir Comnanv 
 has a IGO-foot tunnel, from which a winze goes down .^ixtv-flve fc t showing 
 a larg. body of low-grade ore, assaying no higher than 126 K'dd. The wlnzl 
 win be ink to the 100-foot level, whei. drifts will be run eacli way. *'"*« 
 
 The aeattle & Grouse Moumaln Mining Company has done a larv amount 
 of surface work on the Jim Mlaine. .st ven miles south of Rossi ipI md four 
 miles from the Red Mountain Railroad, and has shown a well-deflned flBSiira 
 ledge two and one-half feet wide cropolng the entire leni^iii. Tlie Mary 
 McCormlck adjoins It on the north and has given assays of 86 ounces silver 
 $4 gold a few feet from the .surface. The Jumbo, on the Helen extension' 
 has a Hve-foot ledge of free milling ore croi'i>lng clear across the claim' 
 and tlie Acme, beyond It on the same ledge, Is sinking on ore which averiteaa 
 $30 to $36 gold. ^'-swi 
 
 On Sophie Mountain, seven miles southwest of Rossland, are some great 
 bodies of gold-copper, on which ievelopment Is In progres.s. The Victory- 
 Triumph, the principal scene of operations, has a ledge stripped for sixty 
 feet and defined for twenty feet between walls at anotter point, showing 
 rich cropplngs of copper ore. A twelve-foot shaft, all in ore, gave assays 
 Ifi.S per cent, copper and a trace of gold on the surface: 22.1 per cent, copper 
 $3.20 gold four feet down, and 30.4 per cent, copper, $3 gold at a depth of eight 
 feet, while the country rock carries malachite and assays 9.7 per cent, copper 
 A forty-foot tunnel shows nine feet of mixed ore, with streaks assaying 
 $19.50 gold, silver and copper thirty l\ « t from the mouth. This tunnel is now 
 in 125 feet and shows a full breast of ore averaging $38. 
 
 The two Olga claims are being opened by the Olga Gold Mining & Milling 
 Company and adjoin the Victory-Triumph. There are three ledges, one 
 averaging six or seven feet, and another, which is now Jielng opened, eight 
 feet wide. Assays of surface ore from the latter have ranged from $2 27 
 gwld and silver to $2 gold, $8.13 silver, 54.55 per cent. lead. 
 
 On a parallel ledge the Abe Lincoln Mining & Milling Company has the 
 Abe Lincoln group of three claims. The ledge striking southeast and riorth- 
 west, has been traced over 1,000 feet and Is defined by a cross-cut to be forty 
 feet wide, the gangue being quartz carrying gold and galena. A flfty-foot 
 shaft Is down on the footwall and a cross-cut has been run at the bottom for 
 forty-two feet, from which drifting has begun. 
 
 The year now opening also promises development directly north of Ross- 
 land, both sulphide and free milling ore being found there. 
 
 On the Falu, on Green Mountain, a shaft seventy feet on the hanging 
 wall, from which a cross-cut struck the footwall In twenty feet, shows a 
 body of pay ore assaying $38 to $48 gold. 
 
 A mile further west are the Highland and Sierra Madre, recently bonded ' 
 to an Austrian company for $32,000. They have a large body of low-grade 
 siliclous ore, carrying a good percentage of copper and well adapted to 
 concentration. 
 
 At McDonald's Camp, In the same section, Ross Thompson, John Donahue 
 and E. W. Johnston liave the three Red Cloud claims, two of which are 
 oh a forty-foot ledge running east and west, showing four feet of sulphide 
 ore in a number or cuts, and an eight-foot I»dge of similar ore, traced by 
 surface cuts. The surface ore assays between $3 and $4 gold, and a tunnel, 
 now being driven, shows Improvement. 
 
 The annual report of Hon. James Baker. Minister of Mines for the 
 
.m 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST, 
 
 Province of HrltlHh Columbia, KlveH th*- i>ro<lu«;tton of the Trail Creek D\a- 
 trk't for the yturH 18!»5 and 1896 aH followH: 
 
 Total 
 
 Value. 
 
 t 702.467 
 
 1.243,361) 
 
 Year— Ore— TonH. Gold Silver. Copper. 
 
 1896 1!',B93 | 629,910 |3().49« <42 021 
 
 1896 38.075 l.iW.FOO 59.830 79,030 
 
 To this may be added nearly $1,000,000 as the production from the Hrat 
 shipment of the l-.e Rol In 1891 down to Jaauary 1. 1895, for which period 
 there Ih no exact record. ThiH would brInK the total close to $3,00t),000, a 
 large proportion of which waH Hhlppcd to smelters In the United Btutes. 
 The growth of buHlness, both Import and export, Is shown by the fact that 
 the customs collections at Rossland In 1896 were $92,629.20 and at Trail (the 
 month of December lacking) were $60,896.40. 
 
 A year ago the most sanguine mining men anticipated an <wen greater 
 production for 1896 than Is shown by the above figures. While the increase 
 has been great, the returns given show only the metal extract* d, and do 
 not take Into account the much larger quantity of ore taken out but not 
 shipped to smeltt?rs. Had all this been shipped. It wbuld have greatly 
 swollen the total production, though It would not have borne out the extrav- 
 agant predictions made. 
 
 But the shipment of this ore would have brought small profit to the mine 
 owner In proportion to Its value, and that brings up the problem which con- 
 fronts the Trail companies and has prompted tht-m to hold their low-grade 
 ores on the dump or In the mines. That Is the problem of cheap reduction 
 of low-grade sulphide ores on the mine ground. They find that the cost of 
 freight and treatment bears too high a ratio to the value to permit of ship- 
 ment under present conditions, the capacity of the Trail smelter being 
 unequal to their needs. The solution is that, like Rutte, Rossland must 
 become a great smelting center as well as a great n Ining camp, with smelters 
 and concentrators on Sheep Creek and the Columbia River, where there is 
 abundant water and power. On this subject Mr. Woodhouse said to the 
 writer: 
 
 "The miners have very large quantities of low-grade ores which must be 
 worked by the combination process, that Is, smelting, milling, concentration, 
 chlorlnatlon and cyanide. The ore carries, on an average, about half and 
 half silica and sulphide. Those ores which are rich enough In sulphides to 
 be smelted will not concentrate to advantage because they are already con- 
 centrated by nature. Those ores which carry about half and half sulphides 
 and quartz should be concentrated In six sizes and Cie tails crushed to 
 thlrty-mesh screen, passed over gold plates and reconcentrated with Frue 
 vanners or revolving tables. Those ores which are 10 to 15 per cent, sulphides 
 should be crushed to thirty-mesh .u-reen, passed over gold plates and the 
 free gold saved, while the tails should be concentrated with Frue vanners 
 and revolving tables. These processes will save about 40 per cent, of the 
 gold In concentrates and 40 per cent, free on the plates. This will require 
 large crushing and sizing mill capacities, large area of gold plates. Jigs, 
 Frue vanners and revolving tables. When the ores are worked by tltose 
 processes, Rossland can turn out more ore and bullion than any camp on 
 the Coast, in the ca.se of ores containing no copper or olher meiaU which 
 interfere with the cyanide process, cyanide could be applied with advantage. 
 The chlorination process would be adapted to high-grade ores which did hot 
 carry much copper or other metals Interfering with Its operation, but they 
 could be smelted to better advantage." 
 
 SLOGAN. 
 
 Paradoxical as it may seem In these days of low prices for sliver, the 
 most productive mining district In the FaclHc Northwest during the year 189G 
 was the Slocan, an almost exclusively silver district, with forty-seven ship- 
 ping mines to Its credit. Not only that, but It promises to hold the same 
 rank with a largely increased production In 18.^7, for all the producing mines 
 are increasing ', heir output and many others a/e stepping foiward into the 
 ranks of the producers. The following table, taren partly from the leport 
 of W. A. Cariyle. Provincial Mineralogist, iind parilv from the annual report 
 of the Minister of Mines of British Columbia, shews the rapid increase In 
 production: 
 
 Gold, Silver, Lead/ Grosrf 
 
 Year— Tons. Ounces. Ounce.s. Pounds. Value. 
 
 1894 4,417 ... Cl3,92e 5,623,(121 $ 572,350 
 
 1^*95 9,649 6 l.iyi,04;> 9,751,464 1,057,677 
 
 1896 18.215 152 2,141,088 19.210.666 2 01U,048 
 
 Some conception o? the probable rate of increase for 1897 can be formed 
 from the fact that the value of ore .shipped from the West Kootenai District 
 In January, exclusive of the last week's returns from Revelstoke, was $74?,000. 
 and that nearly all of this came from Slocan. It is estimated that there will 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC N0RTHWB:ST. 
 
 lit 
 
 be fully Heventy-flvo shipping mliu'« In tho dlfltrlct thia year and that the 
 original forty-Beven will Hlilp 50,000 tons, worth $5,000,000 
 
 lhl« (llHtrlct coniprlH.a Uw. strip of mountulnouH country between Kootenul 
 .ako on the e.iHt and Sloean Lake on the west, a distance of tlfteen mliea 
 nd extendInK the whole length of the latter lake-about twenty-three m ea 
 
 I 
 and 
 
 across the range from Arrow to Slocan Lake and from Slocan to Kootenai 
 
 native of the Columbia & Kootenul Railroad between Robson and Nel.son: 
 thence by the Kuslo & Slocan Railroad to Sandon, and by the Nakusp & 
 Slocan. Railroad to Slocan Lake. Steamers ply up and down the latter lake 
 In connection with the trains. The other route Is from Vancouver over the 
 Canadian PaclHc Railroad to Revelstoke. 379 miles, and by a short branch 
 to Arrowhead, t'.lrtv-two miles; then by steamer down Upper Arrow Lake 
 to Nakusp era by the Nakusp & Slocan Railroad to points on Slocan Lake 
 and Sanil'-.i. where connection Is made with the Kaslo & Slocan Railroad for 
 Kootenai Lake points. The Canadian I'acinc is now building a branch from 
 Slocan City, at the south end of Slocan Lake, to Slocan Crossing on the 
 Kootenai River, opposite Nelson, connecting at the latter point with the 
 Columbia & Kootenai Railroad. The Provincial government has been very 
 liberal in building roads and trails to the new camps and the nature of the 
 country favois this work. The cost of roads is estimated at $1,000 a mile 
 and of trails at $80 to $125 a mile. The steep even grades of the mountains 
 favor the transportation of ore in rawhides over snow trails, and thus the 
 heaviest shipments are made during the winter. 
 
 The geological formation of the district Is best described in the language 
 of Dr. George M. Dawson, of the Dominion Geological Survey, who says In 
 his report of 1889: 
 
 "A large part of the West Kootenai District is occupied- by granite and 
 granitoid rocks, the main area of which includes the whole basin of the 
 Lower Arrow Lake, and extends thence eastward nearly to Queen's Bay on 
 Kootenai Lake. Besides this granite area, there are several others of smaller 
 dimensions, as well as numerous dikes and eruptions. It is In fact probable 
 that about one-half of the entire region here reported upon is occupied by 
 granite and granitoid rocks. • • fv The granites which are supposed to 
 be of the greatest ag« were found in sOme places underlying the lowest beds 
 of the gneisses and mlca-sciiists, or Shuawap series. The granites which, 
 however, oc6upy by ifar the largest area are of coarse texture and are chiar- 
 acterized by black mica, with frequently much black hornblende. * ♦ • 
 These granites ' are evidently intruaive and of much later date than the 
 stratified rocks, which are altered at contacts." 
 
 In his summary report for 1894, R, Q. McConnell, also of the Dominion 
 Geological Survey, aftn" deBcrlblng the eruptive rocks and granites, adds: 
 "In addition to the mam areas of eruptive rocks, numerous dikes, some, of 
 them connected with the main areas, others much younger, as they cut 
 through everything; are met with In every part of the district." 
 
 In his summary report of 1895, Mr, McConnell adds that "the region be- 
 tween Blocan Lake and River and Kootenai Lake la covered mainly by granite 
 fringed on the north and east by a border of slates and schists. « • * 
 The principal geological boundary in the district is the sinuous line separating 
 the granite area from the bordering slates." 
 
 Mr, Carlyle, writing of the whole section from Kaslo south to the bound- 
 ary, says: 
 
 "It Is of great Interest that in all of the geolgical series represented here 
 are veins or mineral deposits, especially of silver and sliver-lead ores, and no 
 longer are the prospectors limiting their researches to sj>eeial formations or 
 parts of these districtu, but energetic prospecting is being done with success- 
 ful results all over this par*, of West Kootenai. For a long lime these men 
 refused to enter the granite areas, until finally the discovery by some less 
 skeptical of the silver-lead, and the gold-and-silver, or -dry ore," veins on 
 the watersheds of Springer and Lemon Creeks, east of Slocan Lake, and the 
 Kuccess of the Poorman gold mine near Nelson, led to a rush of men into 
 the granite regions with gratifying results. • * * ^ .. . .^ 
 
 "There is no reasbn why mineral should not be found in all of these for- 
 mations here present, or In any part of this region, unless It has ao happened 
 that the conditions have prevailed by which the mineral-bearing solutions 
 have' not had openings or fractures along which to ascend and deposit Ihe^r 
 burden of precious ores, either' by tilling up pre-existing caviiies, oi- v 
 leaching Into or impregnating the country rock with valuable minerals On 
 one or both sides of the channel or crevice; The finding of rich veins, of ore 
 in either of the series, sucfH as of silver-galena- ore, points strongly to the 
 fact trat as dettth Is obtained In n^ttlUB/' the ic^tlnulty of ttoevpajo: chutes 
 
132 
 
 MINING IN THE PAOIKI'J NORTHWEST. 
 
 is assured. The veins may be "in and out," as the miners icrni It, or h;ive 
 perfectly barren parts alotig the lissure, but more or less work will disclose 
 other ore chutes if this work is pushed ahead along this fracture in tho rock, 
 which has permitted the passage of ore-bearing solutions and the formation 
 of ore bodit s along it elsewhere." 
 
 Mr. Carlyle divides thi veins of the Slo'?an Into four classes, viz: 
 
 "1. The argentiferous-, galena, with zinc blende and some gray copper, In 
 a gangue of quartz and spathic iron. These veind cut across the stratified 
 rocks and through the dikes of eruptive rock, where, in many cases, there la 
 a good body of ore, and they also occur in the gi-anlte area, and some have 
 been traced for 3,000 or 4,000 feet along the strike and one for nearly two miles. 
 In the Slocan slates, it has not yet been proven that, as the vein cuts through 
 shales, slates, limestones or quartzltos, any one of the series has been more 
 favorable to the formation of ore bodies than another, as In the different 
 veins it will be seen that good oro chutes may have the wall of any of the 
 rocks mentioned. The ore has been deposited along Assures, both In the open 
 lissure cavities and by impregnation of the country rock. ♦ » » Most 
 of the veins are narrow, varying from two and three inches to fifteen and 
 twenty inches in width, with occasional wldenings to three or four f(iet of 
 solid ore, and oven much more. The ore chutes are not persistent horizon- 
 tally, as is characteristic of nearly all veins, but ore Is often continuous for 
 several hundred feet, and where it then pinches a thin stnak of oxides la the 
 Index usually followed in the search for more ore, which seldom falls to 
 reappear with more or less work. The mistake is made sometimes of follow- 
 ing along a slip-wall or crevice that may cross the vein crevice at a flat 
 angle and thus lead the miner a.stray. Besides the solid ore, some Veins liave 
 associared with them two, three or more feet of mixed ore, gangue and 
 country lock, which may be of such grade as to pay well for concentration. 
 • • * The product, or concentrates, is silver bearing galena, but any 
 value contained In the decomposed material that may enter the mill will 
 In all jirobability not be saved, likewise that in much of the gray copper, 
 whlc 'i apparently slimes badly and escapes. * • • It might be well to 
 be or tl^e look-out for gold, remembering the good gold values found in the 
 galena ores of the Monitor mine, which yield from $2 to $14 In gold per ton." 
 
 Mr. Carlyle then gives a statement of the value of ore, based on smeller 
 ' returns from the principal mines, tiie lowest being 40 to 125 ounces silver and 
 15 to 13 per cent, lead, and the highest 83 to 730 ounces silver and 19 to 67 per 
 cent. lead. He adds that in mo.'st of the veins the zinc blende carries a small 
 silver value and is sorted or concentrated out of Ihe ore. He then gives ihe 
 three remaining classes of ore as follows; 
 
 "2. The veins of argentiferous tetraht drlte, or gray copper, and jameson- 
 ite and silver compounds in a quartz gangue. 
 
 "3. The dry ore veins on Springer and Lemon Creeks, In the granite, 
 with a quartz gangue containing argentlte, native silver and gold. These 
 veins are now attracting much attention, as high assay ret irns have oeea 
 secured as per smelter returns. 
 
 "4. The gold-quartz veins in the southern [lart of the granite." 
 
 The change from silver to gold as the predominant value occurs in going 
 from north to south. Near Sandon there is little gold In the ore; at Eight- 
 Mile Creek, gold is first noticeable; on L'.mon Creek, the ore is almo.^t, If 
 not entirely, gold-bearing and of high grade, assays from different ledges 
 ranging from $75 to |200. 
 
 The Slocan Star group, consisting of eight clai-Tis. and owned by the 
 Byron N. White Compar:y, is acknowledged to be th>> greatest mine in the 
 district, and indeed is the" greatest ,'3ilver-lead mine in British Columbia. 
 The discovery was made in September, lS9t, by Bruce White and others. In 
 the bed of Sandon Creek a mile from the present tows; of Sandon, of a 
 thirteen-foot ledge of quartz and spathic Iron interspersed wiih galena, zinc 
 blende and slate. The croppings of the lar,?e ore chute now being worlced 
 were discovered SOO feet west. The ledge, vary! g- from a few feet to twenty 
 or thirty feet in width, cuts the slate, quart ite and limestone formation 
 almost at right angles, in an ea.st and west coujae, and has a large porphyry 
 dike running parallel and at places found withlii it. It contains Tn the large 
 chute from a IVw feet to twenty-five feet ot mixed ore, and b<idles of solid 
 galena from two to ten feet wide have been mined. The first-class ore, which 
 is shipped direct to the smelter, is almost pure galena, averaging 93 ounces 
 silver, 72 to 75 per cent, lead The concentrating ore Is spathic Iron, quartz 
 gangue, with galena, a little gray copper and some sliver sulphides, most of 
 the 7lnc blende being sorted out. The concentrates average 80 ounces silver, 
 TO per cent. lead. 
 
 In development, a tunnel was first I'un fifty * er Into the croppings and 
 a Btope made thirty feft to the surface. Then a c ■ '-.sa-cut was driven KM) feet 
 and a drift 100 feet, fzom which ore was sloped co the upper tunnel eighty 
 feet long and four to ten feet wide. The third tunnel, seventy feet below, 
 cut a feeder at seventy feet, on which a twenty-five foot drift was run and 
 then cut the mnin kdjre at l.iO ftet. A i.lft-foot drift to the went ran throuirh 
 low-«rrnde ore and then entered high-gmde ore, on which a 110-foot slope to 
 the cu.-il almost connected with the short drift on the feeder, leaving a forty- 
 foot pillar of concentrating ore. The drift is 430 feet long, mostly on con- 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFrC NORTHWEST. 
 
 133 
 
 jy the 
 
 In the 
 mhia. 
 rs, In 
 of a 
 sine 
 
 /brked 
 wenty 
 
 nation 
 phyry 
 large 
 solid 
 which 
 Uhces 
 uartz 
 est of 
 
 silver, 
 
 centrating ore, and the stope Is 180 feet long, four to seven feet wide and 
 worked to the upper level. The fourth tunnel tapped the ledge at 575 feet, 
 where it was ten to twelve feet wid'i, and a seventy-nve foot drift west 
 op)ened eight to ten feet of mixed . until a fault wa.s .struck. From a drift 
 100 feet tast an upraise was made . j feet to the next level, In god mixed ore 
 which was fourteen to sixteen feet a\, the tunnel level. A cross-cut at 150 feet 
 In this drift showed twenty-five feet of mixed ore, with .several feet of solid 
 galena, but at 225 feet the chute narrowed to three feet. The lifth tunnel 
 will at 800 feet tap the ledge 210 feet on the ledge below the fourth and la 
 being driven with four air drills. An eighty-foot tunnel near the cropping; 
 in the creek showed consideratole ore, but in broken ground. The ore la 
 hauled by a 1,600-foot gravity tramway to the mill, whence a half-mile road 
 leads to Sandon. The mill is operated by water power from a 3.000-foot 
 flume and has a crusher, four sets of rolls, twelve jigs and two alime tables. 
 Its maximum capacity being 150 tons in twenty-four hours. The mine shipped 
 to December 1, 1896, 11,350 tons of ore and concentrates, wortl at th*- smtlter 
 $990,000, and during the winter shipped 1,000 tons a month. It naa paid $aiiO,0U« 
 in dividends. 
 
 The Eureka, on the extension of the Slocan Star up the mountain, is 
 owned by Byron N. White, Bruce White, John A. Finch and Charles Cham- 
 bers, who have tunneled 20O feet on it and shown the same grade of ore a^ 
 the Slocan Star. 
 
 On the Slocan Star ledge, which has been traced Into It throu^ the Eureka 
 for 2,500 feet, is the Richmond, one mile from Sandon. A tiftv-foot tunnel 
 has shown the ledge two to six feet wide, carrying galena, z'nc blende, spathic 
 iron and quartz, which assays $75 silver, 60 per c-nt. lead. Another tunnel 
 will be driven liJO feet below, attaining a depth of 600 feet on the ledge. 
 
 The Ruth group of three claims and a fraction, half a mile from the 
 Slocan Star, Is owned by D. E. and W. H. McVey and by H. M. Foster, of 
 England, who paid $166,000 for a two-thirds interest. The ledge cuts the 
 slates northeast V)y southwest and ranges from Uiree to nirie feet wide, 
 carrying coarse galena in a gangue of spathic iron and quartz, which runs 
 from 100 to 120 ounces silver, 54 to 76 per cent, lead, and on the surface carries 
 carbonates running 30 to 65 ounces silver. The lower tunnel follows the ;^idge 
 for 360 feet, but had not reached the ore chute stoped above. The second 
 tunnel, 740 feet long, showed little ore for the first ninety feet, then the ledge 
 b*ame more defined for sixty feet and after this a stope 160 feet long runs 
 up for forty feet on an average of three to three and one-half feev, an up- 
 raise of eighty-five feet connecting with the third tunnel. Another .-tope 
 fifty-five feet long and thirty feet high is in four and one-half feet of galena, 
 spathic Iron and carbonates, and a third stope 160 feet long and forty feet 
 high has three and one-half to four f ■ et of ore, while the tunnel beyond 
 shows eight feet of ore for twenty-flve feet and an eighty-foot upraise, at 83» 
 feet in, is also In ore. The third tunnel, 330 feet long, is in a narrower ore 
 body all the way, but shows thr.^e feet of galena and carbonates in the face- 
 About 1,500 tons had been shipped up to August, 1896, sixty tons a day are 
 fcc'ng shipped and $50,000 In dividends hav<- been paid. 
 
 The Wonderful group of th/ee claims, a mile further wfst, owned by the 
 Wonderful Group Miring Company, Is well named, for it has also been called 
 the galena hydraulic. Origina)ly 600 feet of tunnels, with a series of cro.'^S- 
 cuts, drifts and upraises, had been driven to define the main ledge, but with- 
 out success. Ore 'ay scattered plentifully through the surface wash and 
 shattered slate, and therefore, when B. J. Field took charge as superintend- 
 ent for the company, he brought water by flume from both Miller and Tribu- 
 tary Creeks to sluice off this surface wash and expose the solid formation. 
 Water was turned on the wash and, rushing down the mountain to Carpenter 
 Creek, swept It clean to bedrock. It was found that pieces of galena ore 
 were loft In the bottom of ♦he cut and periodical clean-ups resulted in the 
 shipment of ore worth $43,690 :rom this hydraulic, one boulder of solid galena 
 weighing 1,300 pounds. This ore assayed 113 to 133 ounces silver and lO to 76 
 per cent. lead. The mineral-bearing wash was only 100 to 120 feet wide and 
 the pay dirt, containing much decomposed ore which was swept aw»y, was 
 much narrower. This washing finally exposed a .solid ledge in place near 
 the railroad, running aouthwpst and northeast, twelve feet wide. The longest 
 tunnel In the old workings, ««,3 feet, was then extended 500 feet and a cross-cut 
 made fifteen feet wide, showing no mineral at that point, a depth of ^00 fwt. 
 A drift now being run on the ledge Is in 200 te^Jt and struck ore at 100 f«.>t In 
 stringers, which are becoming more abundant and give evidence of the prox- 
 imity of an ore body. Two '^ir loads have been shipped from this Umu<'\. 
 Another tunnel, now In 210 feet, will strike tho ledge 100 feet below the .••»- 
 posure in the wash. Sluicing will be resumed this spring. There are two 
 other ledges higher up the mountain. u ^^ -» ».,♦ 4>«,.™ 
 
 The Argo group of three claims is on » le?8;« 0"!^ j^.f^w ^""^r'-d fopt frnm 
 Snndon and was located In the summer of \m by William biiowden Jehn A. 
 Whlttier and Alexander McDonald on a ledge showing thrro to four feet of 
 solid ore. A tunnel Is being run to explore the ledge, and has recently 
 struck eight inches of solid galena. n^^,„^ T5«it.D. a-a nn a 
 
 The two Monitor claims at Three Forks, owned by George Pe^tv.^'ire on a 
 northeast and southwest ledge erosslng the slate at rlglit angles near a 
 
 = I. 
 
 iLin 
 
184 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 ■'^i'W 
 
 porphyry dike. The ledge varies from a few Inches to three and one-half 
 teei ot gaKna anu carbonates, 'ihe lowest cross-cut, 161 feet, has not struck 
 the led^e, but lifteen feet higher a tunnel runs 27.5 feet on the ledge, with ore 
 for 1&5 feet from three to thirty Inches wide. A cross-cut lo the west Will 
 catch the ledge again beyond a rifty-foot fault. A tlfty-foot cross-cut 100 feet 
 higher struck the ledge again, but much broken. Another crosscut seventy- 
 three feet long tapped the ledge 110 feet higher and from It drifts were run 
 both ways, with a stope seventy-Hve feet long and thirty-eight feet, to the 
 surface on twelve to sixteen Inches of ore, besides much shattered slate 
 cemented with g.ilena. The ore differs from others In Slocan In carrying 
 gold, shipments having returned '$2 to $14 gold, 142 to 30 ounces silver, 37 to 55 
 per cent. lead. The average of eighty-eight tons of carbonate ore was $L3 
 gold, 12S.4 to 323.8 ouncis silver and 19 to 33 per cent. lead. The mine haa 
 yielded an estimated prolit of 115,000. 
 
 On the west extension of the two lower Wonderful ledges, which are 
 exposed In the deep canyon of Miller Creek, the Miller Creek Mining ' 
 pany has a group of two claims and a fraction aggregating 130 acres, on ' r. 
 100 feet of work has been done and development Is about to be resumea. 
 
 The idler, at Three Forks, GOO feet above the Nakusp & Slocan Railroaa, 
 is being developed by the Idler Mining Company, and has .unusually good 
 surface indieaiiony. A tunnel cut the ledge twelve feet below the suriace, 
 showing it twenty inchts wide, with six inches of galena, fifteen assays of 
 which avragcd 1430, the balance being impregnated with carbonates of Silver 
 and lead. A cross-cut is being run to tap the ledge 125 feet deeper and, 
 including offshoots, is over 200 feet long. Another large ledge further down 
 the mountain will he developed this summer. 
 
 In the Alamo group of eight claims the Alamo Mining Company has. In 
 the opinion of Mr. Carlyle, one of the largest and most productive ore chutea 
 yet mined in the Slocan. It strikes east and west across a deep spur from 
 the main ridge in the Alamo Basin, three and one-half miles up Howson 
 Creek, and from the lissure eight to nine feet of solid galena, mixt'.' with 
 
 gray copper and carbonates, have been stoped, and much mixed ore haa 
 een concentrated. The lowest tunnel, 300 feet along the ledge, showed little 
 ore, but a drift 130 feet northwest and thirty-four feet southeast appar^tly 
 atruck it again beyond a fault. In the next tunnel, 340 feet, and the third, 
 a large amount of ore has been stoped from a chute four to six feet wide, 
 with mixed ore occupying the remaining space between two smooth walls. 
 The remaining tunnel, 240 feet below the summit, is in several hundred feel 
 and stoplng extends tnirty to forty feet above this level. Another cross-cut Is 
 being run to tap the l^dge in 1,000 feet at a depth of *W0 feet and compressed 
 air drills are being installed. Other good ledges are being developed in other 
 parts of the property. A three-rail tramway 340 feet long transports the ore 
 to bins, whence it Is hauled three miles by wagons to the head of a similar 
 tramway 7,100 feet long, which transports it to the concentrator on the rail- 
 road. The mill, owned by the Slocan Milling Company, is operated by water 
 power from Howson and Carpenter Creeks and has a capacity of fifty tons a 
 day, the machinery being modern and complete. 
 
 The Idaho Mining Company, under the same management, is mining the 
 extension of the Alamo ledge by extensions of the Alamo tunnels through 
 the Idaho and St. John ground. In the upper tunnel Is a stope twenty-flve to 
 thirty feet to the surface on ten to thirty inches of ore, and a sixty-foot 
 upraise to the surface is on twelve to fifteen inches of ore, while there are 
 two feet of solid galena and four to five feet of mill ore in the face of the 
 level. Another k-dge runs northeast and southwest across the Idaho Basin 
 and much good ore has been taken from the upper cuts and tunnels, but the 
 main tunnel, 550 feet long, .showed little ore, but ten to twelve feet of alate, 
 quartii, calcite and Iron i)yrites. The profits of the Idaho to March 1 are 
 estimated at $132,000. 
 
 The Cumberland Mining Company has five clalrna on either the Idaho 
 ledge Just mentioned, or a parallel ledge, and in its third tunnel has sloped 
 a narrow vein of almost solid galena and blende for 350 feet, and is mining 
 a four to ten inch streak of calena in an underhand stope. A cross-cut la In 
 600 feet to cut two small ledges several hundred feet lower. Ore is shipped 
 by the Alamo road and tramway and milled at the Alamo mill. 
 
 The Alamo, Idaho and Cumberland ledges aro said to extend through the 
 Hustler and Silver Bell, on which a Victoria syndicate has done some work 
 and will do more this summer. 
 
 The Sunshine Mining Company shipped several car loads c; galena In 1894 
 and 1805 from the Yakima group of four claims In the next basin east of the 
 Alamo. On the Wild Goose and Corinth, J. Ollhooley, A. J. Mu- ^hy and 
 A. Behue have shown six to twenty-four inches of solid galena by dtrfpplng 
 for 20O feet and are tunneling on the ledre. 
 
 Thorough exploration Is In progress by John A. Finch, R L.arsen, ■William 
 Glynn and J. H. Moran on the Queen Been gfroup of seven claims on the ^;aot 
 slope of Howson Creek. There are four ludjes within 500 feet. A 20(l-foot tun- 
 nel showed the east one to bo small and uecomposed, carrying ore forty tons 
 »x "S^ll'S'^ shipped In 1893 returned 9C ounces silver and 74 per cent. lead. 
 At 300 feet In this tunnel the leJgg was cross cut, twenty-flve feet between 
 walls, showing two feet of eolld ialTia on the hanging wall, which carries 11» 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 m 
 
 are 
 
 ounces silver and 65 per cent lead. Another tunnel, driven 350 feet, taps the 
 teilge 150 feet lower and has twelve inches of ore of the same grad6 in the teiOi. 
 The west ledge runs northeast and southv.-est and from a sixty-foot tunytel, 
 from which a stope was run twenty to thirty feet, produced galena ore 
 assaying 141 ounces silver and 75 per Cent. lead. A winze is down eighty 
 feet at the face on two leaders of galena separated by four feet of slate. 
 The third vein has been stripped for 200 feet and is a wide zone h^kVlly iron- 
 stalned, carrying a little galena and assaying $4 to JC gold. The fourth JlB^ge 
 shows on the surface six inches of carbonate ore assaying CO to 60 oilncea 
 silver and as much as 40 per cent. lead. Shipments aggregate 180 tons, which 
 averaged 143 ounces silver and 75 per cent. lead. 
 
 The Canadian group of five claims, owned by Mr. Adams, of Sandoii,' kn«J 
 W. H. Brandon, of Slocan City, is on the summit of the rldgo between muth 
 Carpenter Creek and Four-Mile Cretk and has several small galena l,e<lS8:es. 
 One of these, a few inches wide, can be traced north and south for soriie flls- 
 tance. Another, oarrying galena, in calclte and quartz, crops four to twelve 
 inches wide and in the lower of two short tunnels has three to live feet ot 
 mixed ore. Another nortii and south ledge shows solid galena in the crop- 
 pings and Is traceable several hundred feet, and in a tlilrty-Ilve foot ti^niicl 
 on the hanging wall shows coarse calclte with some galena. 
 
 Adjoining the Canadian on the east are the Ivanhoe and Elgin, which thf 
 Minnesota Silver Coni<)any Is developing. Two cross-cuts connected by a 
 seventy-foot upraise, and with drifts from both, opened an ore chute Blxty 
 to seventy feet long and containing as much as five feet of solid and concen- 
 tratlnt,' ore. A third cross-cut has been driven 150 feet below and fifteen 
 car loads of ore were shipped last year. 
 
 The Adams group of four claims and a fraction, owned by Capt. L, C. 
 Adams, of Montreal, and others, is on the same ridge as the Canadian group 
 and has a number of closely parallel veins of galena. An open cut shows 
 one to be fifteen to thirty Inches wide, of mixed ore, with four to fourteen 
 inches of solid ore on the summit and another vein crossing It. A tWelve- 
 foot tunnel has been driven on four to twelve inches of pure galena where 
 three or four narrow veins almost unite. A twenty-foot tunnel is in on one 
 of several small veins on the north slope, showing four feet of mixed ore, 
 and in the cropplngs this ledge shows eight feet of mixed ore, with small 
 stringers. Another ledge shows four feet of mixed ore. Tunnels have been 
 run to tap these ledges, one of fifty feet, 150 feet below the summit, having 
 six or seven feet of concentrating ore, and another of 245 feet, 400 feet below, 
 following ore for the last forty feet. 
 
 The Noble Five Consolidated Mln\ng & Milling Company has five cluims 
 on one ledge and three on another, with a possible third, three and one-haU 
 miles by trail from Sandon. The main ledge has cropplngs of iron rpck, 
 carrying galena, spathic Iron and blende, which In the mine run in bands 
 along each -wall by turns. The ledges run northeast and southwest tiirouJTh 
 slate and limestone and carry their best oro chutes where they cut porpjfjvry 
 dikes, the ore being galena, carbonates and oxides In spathic fron and qMrta 
 gangue. The mine was at first crudely worked by means of small drifts, 
 but Is now being thoroughly developed. A sixty-flve foot tunnel end al^ort 
 , cross-cuts first resulted in the finding of gool ore, but on account of snow- 
 'slides work was started in a new place. Tunnels have been driven aggre- 
 gating 1,380 feet, opening the ledge to a depth of 600 feet, and the hlgh-gTada 
 ore has been sloped to a width of six to eight feet, leaving sevev to nine feet 
 of concentrating ore In the drifts. \ main tunnel has been ilriven 200 feet 
 lower, cross-cutting the ledge wheie there is a strong cropping of gaJeTUi, 
 and will be connected with the upp°r tunnels by winzes. On the Dcacfttian 
 ledge three tunnels have been run ind twenty-six car loads of ore taken 
 out, the carbonates assaying 63 ounc s silver and '6 per cent. lead, and, th« 
 solid galena as much as 2B5 ounces sll .er and 69 per cent, lead. The anioiilnt 
 of ore shipped up to December 1, iM6. was 2,000 tons, and between that data 
 and May 3, 1897, It was estimated that i\0':0 tons were shipped to the concen- 
 
 of the Slocan Star and has a capacity of 120 tons a day. The net profits of 
 the mine are estimated at $50,000 to March 1, fronr $125,000 'o |150,000 worth 
 of ore having been taken out prior to August 1, 18!6. 
 
 On the Last Chance group of four claims and a fraction itie Last Chance 
 Mining & Mlliir.g Company has '.wo small parallel ledges running northeast 
 and Bouthwo.'^t. west of the Noble Five group. On one ledge is a 240-foot 
 tunnel with cross-cuts and drifts on feeders and is tapped 100 feet below by a 
 180-foot cross-cut, from which drifts run I'iO feet, and which ha.s been e.xteneed 
 to the other ledge. An Incline on the ledge W;iS extended as a drift midwiBy 
 betv/een the two tunnels and ran through high grade galena a few inches to 
 three feet wide, mostly loUd but partly In quartz gangue Near the surfarca 
 the ore was -'ch oarbonatcE, Bilpments In 1895 aggn^ated nine carloads 
 Rfsaylng 186 to 191 ounces silver and 71 to 'i8 per cent, lead, and In 1896, 17 ca*"- 
 loads averaging 182 oun«,!es silver and 6? per cent. lead. The ntiiie, like others 
 In the Plocan has palfl not only for its development, equipment and purchase 
 of adjoinlne claims, but $50,000 In dividends. 
 
 u 
 
136 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 From the American Boy, adjoining. Thomas McGuigan has phlpped Ave 
 carloads and from the Ajax, Matthews & Braden have shipped high grade 
 ore. as well as from the Ruby J: ver, north of the Noble Five. Dr. Hendryx, 
 of Nelson, is cross-cutting a iedge on the Galena, which la the supposed 
 extension of the R. E. Lee ledge. 
 
 The Reco group of live claims, immediately east of the Noble Five, which 
 la owned by the Reco Mining & Milling Company, has two ledges, the Big and 
 
 Se Small. Three tunnels liave been run on the former, one 650 and another 
 I feet long, a 125-foot upraise connecting the two. The ledge varies from a 
 flS'w inches to several feet wide of decomposed ledge matter and from it were 
 shipped in 1895 four carloads of galena averaging 179.8 ounces .sliver and 71 per 
 cent, lead and nine ca,rloads of carbonates yielding from 89.3 to 161.6 ounces 
 stiver and 23.2 to 37.1 per cent. lead. The Small, or Goodenough, ledge has 
 
 8 elded some of the richest ore In the district and has been mined Jointly with 
 e Goodenough by three cross-cuts, from w.iich drifts have been run. The 
 Rsdge is from two to twenty Inches of solid ore, at times becoming only a 
 ■arrow streak of iron-stained matter, and is richest where It crosses the 
 porphyry dikes. The galena ore runs from 225 to 730 ounces silver and t)7 per 
 cent. !"'i and the carbonate ore, of which twenty carloads have been shipped, 
 yielded 230 lo oZ'.2 ounces sliver and 19 to 28 per cent. lead. This mine, like the 
 li^st Chance, has paid for itself and adjoining claims and paid 93^\000 dlri- 
 dends. The ore shipped up to Decembei 1, 1896, aggregated about $200,000 In 
 9»lue and to this another $200,000 was added during the winter, the average 
 ralue at the smolter being $200. 
 
 Below the Reco, on the same veins, is the Sovereign, on which John 
 A. Finch has tunneled 75 and 30O feet, gaining 150 feet of depth and showing 
 from one to twenty Inches of carbonates in several chutes. He has shipped 
 8ve carloads running about 100 ounces silver and GO per cent. lead. 
 
 On the Goodenough and anpther claim, John A. Whittler, J. H. Thompson, 
 J. M. Martin, A. W. Goodenough and C. F. ICent have been working in 
 Qonnectlon with the Reco. The lowest working is a cross-cut, 275 feet, from 
 which, where it taps the small vein, an upraise for 169 feet has been made to 
 the fourth level on several Inches of high grade ore and a drift runs Into the 
 Beco ground with good ore for 110 feet above and below. The ore has been 
 ail stojied from the upper tunnels to the surface. The ore shipped ranged 
 flrom 277 to 507 ounces sliver and 48 to 67 per cent, lead for galena, and 168.5 to 
 92.5 ounces silver and 2 to 34 per cent, lead for carbonates. The mine shipped 
 90 tons up to December 1, 189G, and 2!50 tons more during the winter, worth at 
 the smelter $400, and has paii": *35,000 in dividends. 
 
 Adjoining the Reco and Goodenough, the Blue Bird Mining Company has 
 the Blue Bird and another claim on a ledge cropping thirty feet wide with a 
 number of spurs from both directions. In prospecting for the pay streak 
 JW.OOO worth of surface ore, carrying 135 to 138 ounces filver and 72 to 75 per 
 oent. lead, was taken out and shipped. A shaft was sunk seventy-five feet 
 •nd a drift run 150 feet on what appears to be the true ledge four feet wide, 
 With four to eight Inches of ore carrying as high as 425 ounces silver. Two 
 . Oiirloads have been shipped carrying 175 ounces silver and t;5 per cent. lead. 
 
 The Chambers group of four claims soutli of the Goodenough, owned by 
 Charles Chambers and others, is on a ledge of concentrating ore forty to sixty 
 wet wide, which run.^ from Carpenter Creek up the mountain. About 500 feet 
 at development has been done and one carload was shipped In 1890 which 
 returned 89 ounces silver and 70 per cent. lead. 
 
 The R. E. Lee, five miles by trail and road from the Kaslo ft; Slocan Rail- 
 road, is being developed by Lorenzo Alexander of Kaslo. The ledge is a 
 •arrow one of galena striking northeast and southwest and shows eighteen 
 Inches wlje in some places. Two tunnels, one of them 500 feet long, are 
 aonnected by an upraise of ninety-five feet and an incline runs down from the 
 tower tunnel. Three carloads were shipped last year, averaging 130 ounces 
 aiver arid 75 per cent. lead. 
 
 The Slocan Boy, leased by S. K. Green and others to T. M. Oib-son and 
 Lang Keith, has two ledges, one of which, small but rich, is worked by three 
 tunnels, one 140. another ICO feet. The other is the southern extenssion of the 
 Washington ledge and is tapped at 100 fef^t by a 200-foot shaft, from the bottom 
 tf which a drift runs 235 feet, connecting with a 170-foot tunnel, run on the 
 fcdge from the surface. Ten carloads of galena and carbonates have been 
 shipped, of which thirty tons from the small ledge gave 3314 cunces silver 
 and 75.4 per cent, lead and the ore from the other ledge averaged over 100 
 ounces sliver and 68 per cent. lead. The mln« Is estimated to have paid $25,000 
 profit. 
 
 The Payne, now the principal claim in a group of four, Is the pioneer 
 location, as well as one of the best paying mines !n the district, and Is now 
 jwned by W. A. McCune, of Snit Lake. Throupii an error ai« to the '*rend of 
 ftie vein, which is northeast and southwest, the Paynt^ is iocatert acfoSH It. 
 ▲ 300-foot tunnel follows ore continuously, with a maximum width of thro© 
 feet of high grade ptalena. Another tunnel nf good lenniti has been run I'-'wer 
 dov,-n the mountain and a third runs in higher, with slopen to th? siurface, 
 
 ?,nd drifts on the ore-chutes in both tunnelB allowed both chutes to continue 
 or over 200 feet. Mr. McCune has begun vi^joruus development, an'1 shi!>- 
 ments up to September, 1896, aggregated JlOO.uOO, and were MoW in Deceiaber, 
 
 $100,000 in JanuJ 
 1,148 tons, nettil 
 year. The caiT 
 lead and the gs 
 March 1 are est| 
 The Payne 
 Becipi-ocity grc 
 Company is heL 
 gulch having tl| 
 of the ledge. 
 
 The Ramsde 
 
 Sapphire and G\ 
 
 There Is a flfteJ 
 
 of the ledge maj 
 
 and one hundrel 
 
 from them. Oil 
 
 two more carlol 
 
 has ore in the fJ 
 
 The two Wif 
 
 on Payne Moui 
 
 has built a gra\l 
 
 capacity. Thei 
 
 & Slocan Ralln 
 
 to twelve feet ■w 
 
 and quartz. T 
 
 decomposed ore 
 
 ledge, which wi 
 
 of concentrating 
 
 ore assays 108 1 
 
 centratea, of w 
 
 ounces of silvei 
 
 been about $360, 
 
 $20,000. 
 
 The Best gro 
 
 P. Larsen and 
 
 Dardanelles Bai 
 
 ridge is seamed 
 
 northwest and 
 
 galena, a little Y 
 
 is down seventy 
 
 three feet. A 3 
 
 ore at 100 feet ar 
 
 upraise was in e 
 
 Also on the T 
 
 owned by the P 
 
 pany. It has t 
 
 similar to the I 
 
 and porphyry c 
 
 In a tunnel. T 
 
 to t>e Best led 
 
 carrying gray o 
 
 foot tunnel with 
 
 tons returned 4! 
 
 Bay smelter. < 
 
 of high grade g 
 
 win he continu 
 
 lower tunnel is i 
 
 In six inches tc 
 
 chute cut by tl 
 
 been started at 
 
 425 feet. The c 
 
 five feet of ore 
 
 Shipments havi 
 
 from galena or 
 
 carbonates, IJ 
 
 Active oper 
 
 claims or the ! 
 
 Ryan. The let 
 
 tons have been 
 
 March 1. 
 
 Alexander H 
 which is under 
 The Ruby F 
 Matthews .^ B 
 assaying 19S.2 o 
 assaving 2B«.4 o 
 On the Eur 
 foot ledge, froi 
 1896, and bad 6 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 in 
 
 $100,000 in January and $110,000 in February. Tlie shipments in March were 
 1,148 tons, netting $100 a ton, and fully 1,000 tons a month will be shipped this 
 year. The carbonates assayed 80 to 100 ounces silver and 35 to 40 per cent, 
 lead and the galena 175 oinces silver and 70 per cent. lead. The proflta up t« 
 March 1 are estimated a^ $250,000. 
 
 The Payne ledge almost certainly extends southwest into the Slocan- 
 Reclprccity group of two claims, on which the Slocan-Recipro<;ity Mining 
 Company is beginning work, for galena float in the bed and on one .side of a 
 gulch having the same course as the ledge extended indicates the proximity 
 of the ledge. 
 
 The Ramsdell Mining & Milling Company has begun shipping ore from the 
 Sapphire and Gem, two miles northeast of Sandon, adjoining the Payne group. 
 There is a flf teen-foot ledge containing eight Inches of solid galena, the rest 
 of the ledge matter being concentrating ore. Three tunnels are in thirty, fifty 
 and one hundred feet, all in an ore chute, and are being continued, with stopes 
 from them. One carload returned 210 ounces silver and 76 per cent, load and 
 two more carloads have lately been shipped from the 100-fcot tunnel, which 
 has ore In the face. Three carloads monthly will be shipped af.ter June 1. 
 
 The two Washington claims, with a controlling interest In three others 
 on Payne Mountain, are owned by the Washington Mining Company, whiih 
 has built a gravity tramway 1,450 feet to the concentrator of eighty tons dally 
 capacity. Thence a three-mile road leads to McGuIgan Station on the Kas>i 
 & Slocan Railroad. The ledge strikes northeast by southwest and is thr«« 
 to twelve feet wide, with five to six feet of galena in a gangue of spathic Iroi 
 and quartz. There are also bodies of clfian galena, but little carbonates or 
 decomposed ore. There are three tunnels, giving n depth of. 330 feet on the 
 ledge, which with connections and drifts aggregate 1,540 feet, and 20,000 toae 
 of concentrating ore have been blocked out, reducing five into one. The cruAe 
 ore assays 108 to 136 ounces silver and 62 to 66 per cent, lead and the com- 
 centrates, of which fifty to sixty carloads were shipped In 1896. yielded 9 
 ounces of sliver and 60 per cent, lead, and the total production to date haa 
 been about $350,000. The estimated profits prior to incorporation were about 
 520.000. 
 
 The Best group of two claims, owned ^y A. W. McCune, George M. Hughe*, 
 P. Larsen and Scott McDonald, Is on the ridge separating Best Basin fro» 
 Dardanelles Basin and is four miles from McGulgan Station. This granite 
 ridge is seamed with quartz ledges from a few inches to six feet wide, runnl»« 
 northwest and southeast, and carrying tetrahedrlte and jamesonlte, with 
 galena, a little blende and copper and Iron pyrites in placts. An Incline shaft 
 Is down seventy-five feet with a drift twenty-five feet, both In ore as wide as 
 three feet. A 312-foot tunnel 120 feet below struck six to eight inches of goot 
 ore at 100 feet and followed It for sixty-five feet, and at 215 feet a fifty-five t«oi 
 upraise w^as In eighteen Inches of galena, gray copper and blende. 
 
 Also on the Best Basin is the Rambler group of four claims and a fraction, 
 owned by the Rambler & Caribou Consolidated Gold & Silver Mining Con»- 
 pany. It has two distinct series of ledges, two in the granite carrying ose 
 similar to the Best, and a small seam of galena running through the sli.^ 
 and porphyry close to the granite contact, which has widened to three I'vm 
 In a tunnel. The ledges in the granite are »• raceable 400 feet at right angii* 
 to t>e Best ledges, one of them showing three to twenty Inches wide and 
 carrying gray eoppr and JHmesonlte, and being continuous In a sevenly-ftT* 
 foot tunnel with two to twenty inches of fine gray copper ore. Of this ela:hte«m 
 tons returned 499 ounces silver, $7..')0 gold and 2 per cent, copper at the Pilot 
 Bay smelter. On the silver lead ledfees a tunnel is in 220 feet, with five feet 
 of high grade galena and pyrites ore In the bottom for the first 165 feet, and 
 win be continued to tap another ore-chute showing on the surface. The 
 lower tunnel Is a cross-cut for eighty feet, then runs seventy feet on the ledR«, 
 in six Inches to five feet of ore, and in fifty-five feet more will tap the oi* 
 chute cut by the upper tunnel at a depth of sfiventy feet. A cross-cut bac 
 been started at a depth of 325 feet below the lower tunnel to tap the ledge In 
 425 feet. The dry ore vein which is being worked on the Best, where it ha« 
 five feet of ore assaying 600 ounces silver, also extends throuph this property. 
 Shipments have yielded 79.6 to S73.? ounces silver and 31 to 64 per cent. leM 
 from galena ore. and 166 to 178 5 ounces sliver and 22% uer cent, lead froai 
 carbonates. Dividends of $4i,000 have been paid. 
 
 Active opemtlonp are a\^o in progres.-s en the Antome gro"p of thrw 
 elnlma on th? Surprise Basin, by C. H. Green, of Saginaw, Mich., and J. C 
 Ryan. The ledge carries three feet of ore assaying about $250 and about 6w 
 tone have been shipped. A dividend of about $10,000 had been paid prior to 
 
 Alexander Smith, of Kaslo, Is making regulai shipments from the SurprtB&. 
 ■which Is understood to hr-vc paid Mm about $20,000 profit. 
 
 The Ruby Silver, dlrrotlv north of the Noble Five, Is being develofed h^ 
 Matthews .^ Braden, of Koslo, who In 18S6 shipped eleven and one-half ton* 
 assaying 198.2 ounces silver and 46 per ceat. lead and thi/teen and one-half toict 
 assavlng 2B«.4 ouncea stiver and 66 per cent. lead. ^ -r^ ,. 
 
 On the Eureka croup of six claims Messrs. Gte^n and Ryan have a foirr- 
 f-)ot led^c, from which they hnd shipped 800 tons jf $150 ore up to Decembe-i', 
 t896, and bKd 600 tons In sight, 
 
 I 
 
 n 
 
 
 
IBS MINING I.N THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 The Dardanelles gror.p of four claims on the Dardanelles Basin between 
 Best and Jackson Bas'.na is being developed by the Dardanelles Mining & 
 Milling Company. The first work was done on a ledge cutting across the 
 slates and porphyry dikes and consisted of a 22&-foot shaft and 1,300 feet of 
 drifts, from which shipments of over 250 tons averaged 265 ounces silver and 
 83 per cent, load, and seventy-six tons of second-class ore returned over 75 
 ounces sliver and 26 per cent. lead. Smelter returns ranged from 145.8 to 
 470.2 ounces sliver and 15 to 56 per cent. lead. A steam hoist and pump have 
 been put in the shaft and development is now proceeding on parallel ledges. 
 The mine had paid considerable profit before incorporation last summer, but 
 the amount could not be ascertained. 
 
 The Jackson group of five claims, formerly the Northern Belle, on Jackson 
 Basin, five miles south of Whitewater Station on the Kasio & Slocan Railroad 
 and five miles by trail from Sardon, Is being developed by George Alexander. 
 The ledge cuts through carboniferous shales, slates and limestones and along 
 the footwali has from a few inches to three feet of zinc blende, then galena in 
 various form's in quartz and spathic iron gangue, including as much as 
 eighteen inches of solid ore and several feet of milling ore. The highest 
 tunnel, fifty feet, ran on a big outcrop of decomposed vein-matter and blende; 
 the next, sixty feet below, runs 250 feet on the ledge and has been the source of 
 most ore; sixty feet below, a cross-cut taps the vein; the fourth tunnel, 135 
 feet lower, runs 340 feet on a smooth wall, with a small amount of ore; the 
 fifth is being nm from a strong cropping on Jackson CreeTi, which shows two 
 feet of black jack against the wail, then three to four feet of eruptive rock, 
 and then twelve to twenty-four inches of steel galena, which continues to the 
 face- The ore averages at the smelter about $80 and the six tunnels have been 
 continued, 1,200 tons being shipped during the winter. The estimated proflta 
 to March 1 were $20,000. 
 
 The two Whitewater claims, one and one-halt miles by road from White- 
 water Station on the Kaslo & Slocan Railroad, have paid for themselves and 
 yJalded about $40,000 profit to their owners, J. C. Eaton, J. L. Retallack, J. L. 
 Montgomery and W. C. Pierce, of Kaslo. The country rock being shattered 
 for ten to twenty-five feet from the fissure, no blasting is required, but the 
 tunnels need thorough timbering. Along the footwali is as much as five feet 
 Of spathic iron, then a streak of galena and then carbonates or oxidized iron, 
 often scattered through the shale for twenty feet. The ledge has been stripped 
 for 800 feet and several carloads of iron oxides and carbonates shipped. The 
 upper tunnel runs thirty feet along the ledge, the second, 260 feet below, 
 follows it for 200 feet, with little ore; the third, seventy-five feet deeper, 
 Is In 400 feet, with a small stope near the mouth, from which three or 
 faiir carloads have been shipped, an almost barren stretch of 340 feet fol- 
 l^ing. Then the ore chute widens to six inches to six feet of solid 
 ore. The fourth tunnel, ninety-six feet on the ledge- below, was 425 feet lonf 
 and had four to ten Inches of ore for 20O feet, then In a cross-cut had 
 twenty feet of barren shale with steel galena on each side. A narrow 
 streak of carbonates was followed for forty feet near the mouth, then a 
 fifteen-foot winze and a short tunnel followed good ore. The fifth tunnel, 104 
 fef*t .lower, is In 175 feet and has two feet of spathic iron in the face and In a 
 forty-foot stope showed six to twelve inches of steel galena, besides coarse 
 broken galena. The first shipments from Slocan via Kaslo consisted of six 
 lots from this mine at a time when the cost was $100 a ton for all charges. The 
 value of carbonates ranges from 72 to 298.5 ounces silver and 11 to 30 per cent, 
 leadf that of galena from 75 to 362.6 ounces silver and .35 to 65 per cent, lead, an 
 avjajage for the whole output for 1896 of 114 ounces silver and 30 per cent. lead. 
 In the same vicinity development is In progress on the Elkhorn, the east 
 extrusion of the Whitewater; the Charleston, by J. Mitchell; the Corean, from 
 which ore is being taken; the Lone Star, by the Hansa.rd Mining Company, the 
 Sunset and Colorado, on the extension of the Wellington; and the Eldon group 
 oftwo by the Eldon Gold & Silver Mining Company. 
 
 t The Wellington group of seven claims, two miles by road and trail from 
 the Kaslo & Slocan Railroad, is being developed by the Kootenai & Columbia 
 Prospecting & Mining Company. There are two ledges in slate formation, 
 oxie running northeast and southwest, the other a wide crushed zone carrying 
 Btrln&crs and pockets of quartz, spathic Iron and calcspar, runnlnsr east and 
 vi^st. A 170- foot cross-cut taps one ledge at a depth of forty fet,. and an 800- 
 foot cross-cut taps the other at 550 feet at a depth of 200 feet and all the work- 
 I39C8 are connected at this level. The ground, being soft, requires no blasting, 
 b\it needs thorough timbering. The ore is carbonates and galena with gray 
 copper and zinc blende and returns 125 to 328 ounces silver and 10 to 55 per cent. 
 lead 4f)0 tons having averaged 173 ounces silver and 30 per cent. lend. 
 
 O; he extension of the Wellington ledges to Bear Lake, the Santa Maria 
 Silver Mining <;ompany has developed the Santa Maria by tapping the ledge 
 Ift three cross-cuts, thirty, sixty and 120 feet long, gaining a maximum depth 
 at, eighty feel. Much of the ore is high grade, running 600 to 700 ounces silver 
 a^d «0 per cent, lead and there is four feet of concentrating, ore carrying about 
 IS ot»fic«8 silver. 
 
 Also on Bear Lake I.3C0 feet south of the railroad, William Brade^n and B. 
 J. Matthews are developing the Lucky Jim group with three power drills. 
 The led«« i» 4e8crlbt<i as in a fauited contact, beiweei|.9lat« »nd Itmeston*. 
 
 .'.■:T-- (iT , ;<>■( Cv ... 
 
MINING IN THE SACIF.W NC^RXHWEST. 
 
 ,< 
 
 \.> .'V 
 
 ?r. 
 
 •fi^ ^ 
 
 HTilOW^/!/ '- 
 
 \ ■■ 
 
 ^j 
 
 / 
 
 
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 ; 
 
 / 
 
 
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 '-, 
 
 r 
 
 .M 
 
 
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 \ 
 
mmmmmmmii 
 
K 
 
 iNotx.: 
 
 1. Multle 
 
 ilUghi!*, 
 
 2. Mt. Chief. 
 .>. t.uiiluiiuii. 
 
 «■ AlpHa. 
 
 a. iauno Cum- 
 
 . . berland. 
 
 •• Alaiiiu. 
 
 '• gueen Beam 
 
 *• Ivy hWit. 
 
 >• Heed A 
 
 •tl- Auuiim. 
 
 \\j 8 ooan star 
 
 U. iioluiiUei 
 >*■ tUtieblrd.' 
 iJ. ChumbeiM. 
 1*. Keco. 
 17. Nuble Flv 
 .^^' ;V""iniotii. 
 1». Payne Boy. 
 :'0. Slocan Boy. 
 21. L,ucKy Jim. 
 
 -w. Kumbler, 
 24. Northern 
 „ , ^ Belle, 
 
 ..- . r Hill. 
 
 27. .VtelUngton. 
 
 *• Irene. 
 
 ». MetlaRatla 
 
 M. Oltiiwti. 
 
 31. Jardlne. 
 
 iZ. Alice- utlca 
 33. Muiuezumu 
 I 34. Surelle. 
 
 I 36. Bartleth 
 
 Bros. 
 
 36. Uilndle. 
 
 37. BoBton. 
 :t8. Thomson. 
 
 39. Fiaher 
 
 Maiden. 
 
 40. Vaneouvur. 
 
 41. Galena 
 
 Farm. 
 
 42. Currle. 
 
 43. IJalsy. 
 
 44. Granite 
 
 MountaUi. 
 
 45. Mountain 
 
 View. 
 
 46. I.. H. 
 :4T. Silver 
 
 ,„ ^ Band. 
 
 48. Topaz. 
 
 49. KalLspell. 
 !iO. Edmonton. 
 51. DiilliouBle. 
 .'>2. Nepawa. 
 
 53. Enterprise. 
 
 54. M'e.stmount 
 •Vi. I.,one Star. 
 M. U & I. 
 
 57. Conundrum 
 
 58. Ada Rehan 
 Mt. St. Fitul. 
 
 60. Arlington. 
 
 61. iBondholfU'r 
 «2. Ottawa. 
 
 61 Tamarack. 
 
 64. Star. 
 
 65. Dayton. 
 
 66. Old Glory. 
 IT. Nancy 
 
 Hanks. 
 
 t.y 1X1... 
 
 551, Republk!. 
 ;o. Scot.'^man. 
 
 1. Ranger- 
 
 Skylark. 
 
 2. Exchange. 
 '3. Chiiplean. 
 
 4. Howard 
 
 Fraction. 
 
 5. Almar. 
 B. Two 
 
 ,. „ Friends. 
 
 ?• Silver King 
 
 »■ Crusader. 
 
 !' C. P. R. 
 
 0. Alpine. 
 1 1. Blac^ 
 
 „ ,, lf>lnc«. 
 
 ^ Meteor. 
 
 '• f'cean. 
 
 I I Wakefleld. 
 ' • Retriever. 
 
 i Pearl l.,ulu 
 
 ■ Rarly Bird. 
 T Hkyllne. 
 *'■ Sweden 
 , , , Lakevlew. 
 
 '■ HiRhVand. 
 
 ; .lefr DavLs. 
 Potlatch. 
 Mllp Point. 
 I Hohtail. 
 8 . Jen e May 
 ' • I'oii ih. 
 ' ■ '"res *ent. 
 
 tttimm 
 
[k pacific NORTHWESy 
 
 i/ 
 
 »<_ I . ■ » ■- ■ '•/_."■■ 
 
 
 =r^yV'Wil>lK.WMWWii.^-'*?W<IMi^fat^.,i-^>jfc;j 
 
 and galenn, zli 
 and side llHsurc 
 C9,2 to 75 ounce.' 
 produce concon 
 The Noiiiiiiri^i 
 J. G. McLt-an i 
 •wide shown In i 
 four to fourtee; 
 225 ounces sllvc 
 
 The Londor 
 railroad, Is beli 
 pany. A forty 
 four-foot ledKe 
 been driven 350 
 the rldgo and h 
 from 150 to 267 
 have to be con( 
 this spring. 
 
 On the sout 
 Creeks Is anoth 
 tween the slate 
 
 Beginning { 
 Hughes shippc( 
 Ing 130 ounces s 
 caught up agal 
 shipped last fa 
 
 On the Gra 
 McKenzle have 
 nels. The Mgl 
 an Incline, and 
 A third tunnel, 
 and a fourth, e 
 for 110 feet, but 
 running north 
 decomposed m£ 
 avet^g:Jng 115 o; 
 conveys the ore 
 
 A mile nortl 
 J. Marino and 
 
 The Reed ,! 
 ownership, alor 
 miles from Sllv 
 110 feet on the 1 
 and several ln< 
 Jenny Llnd, Pt 
 have cut It dla 
 cerilratlng ore 
 g&lena' Ih 189S 
 tunneled forty 
 the Wakefield 
 h«i*e tunneled 
 galena, with c; 
 Mining Compai 
 to thirty inchej 
 35 to 66 per cenl 
 
 Seven mlles^ 
 acquired by til 
 east and soutlf 
 two small tun I 
 th*se, a 100 foJ 
 drifts aggregat 
 ■with native si| 
 ounces silver 
 24 per ceht. 1o^t| 
 entire output i 
 
 The Galen? 
 one and one-hl 
 scattered over] 
 now owned bj 
 and west and 
 Iron carrying , 
 fifty-foot shafi 
 east and sevel 
 high grade gal 
 drift was An n 
 sixteen Inchesl 
 sink slxty-flv| 
 north and soi; 
 fe«t. This 01 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 139 
 
 and galena, zlno blende, Iron pyrites and carbonates occur In larRc pookota 
 ana side flssures penetrating the UmeHtone. Tlio value of 110 tons shipped was 
 59.2 to 75 ounces sliver and r.O to 56 per cent, load and the second grade ore will 
 produce concentrates carrying 60 to 75 ounces silver and 55 per cent, lead. 
 
 The NonparoU group, adjoining, which has been bondtvd by W. C. McLean, 
 J. G. McLean and W. A. Flager to W. N. Rolfe, has a ledge four or five feet 
 wide shown in a 300-foot tunnel and 100 feit of open work, with a pay streak of 
 four to fourteen Inches of galena, sample shipments of which ran from 200 to 
 226 otinees silver. 
 
 The London group of three claims and a fraction. 'three miles from the 
 railroad, Is being developed by the London Hill Development & Mining Com- 
 pany. A forty-foot tunnel has been driven near the summit of a ridge on a 
 four-foot ledge carrying gray copper and silver sulphides. A cross-cut has 
 been driven .^O feet to tap the ledge at a depth of 200 feet on the other side of 
 the rldgo and has cut several small quaftz veins. Forty tons shipped returned 
 from 150 to 267 ounces silver and there la much second grade ore which will 
 have to be concentrated. A cable tramway will be bullf down the mountain 
 this spring. 
 
 On the south slope of the ridge between South Carpenter and Four-Mile 
 Creeks Is another series of mines, the latter stream forming the boundary be- 
 tween the slate and granite formations. 
 
 Beginning at the west Is the Mountain Chief, from which George W. 
 Hughes shipped a large amount of galena ore In 1893 to 1895, the value averag- 
 ing 130 ounces sliver and 70 per cent. lead. The ledge was then lost and was 
 caught up again only after much prospecting. Several carloads of ore were 
 shipped last fall and a long cross-cut Is being driven to tap the ledge. 
 
 On the Grady group James McNaught, Alexander McKenzle and James 
 McKenzle have a ledge running northeast and southwest, opened by five tun- 
 nels. The highest Is about 300 feet long, with three upraises, cross-cuts and 
 an incline, and another runs fifty feet In another direction on the same level. 
 A third tunnel, Immediately below. Is connected by stopes with the upper ones, 
 and a fourth, eighty feet below, taps the ledge at 100 feet and Is then a drift 
 for 110 feet, but shows no ore. The fifth, below this one, follows another ledge 
 running north and south for 110 feet, with several Inches of Iron oxides or 
 decomposed ipatter on the jyall. Over 1,000 tons of ore have been shipped, 
 averag:ing 115 ounces silver and 70 per cent lea4. A 1,200-foot gravity tramway 
 conveys the ore ip jthe road, two an(^ one-half miles from Sllverton. 
 
 A mile northwest or the Grady Is the California, from which J. McDonald, 
 J. Marino and B. C. Van Houten shipped a carload of ore last fall. 
 
 The Reed & Robertson group comprises a string of claims, of various 
 ownership, along a strong ledge running north and south across the ridge six 
 miles from Sllverton. On the two Reed claims. C. W. Callahan has a tunnel 
 110 feet on the ledge showing ten to twelve feet of milling ore In calclte gangue 
 and several Inches of solid galena, which also crop 300 feet above. On the 
 Jenny Llnd, Paul and Charles Anderson have 800 feet of the same ledge and 
 have cut It diagonally by a 150-foot tunnel showing Irregular masses of con-i 
 certlratlng ore andL stringers of solid galena. They shipped thirty tons of 
 galena' Ih 1895. Oh the Robertson, Willdam Robertson and others have 
 turineled forty feet, showing eight to ten feet of calclte with little galena. On 
 the Wakefield group of three claims, George Falrburn and William Smith 
 hate tunneled 125 feet and at eighty feet had sixteen to twenty inches of apUd 
 galena, with calclte beyond it lying almost flat. On tha Buffalo, the Buffalo 
 Mining Company has shown by a twenty-foot shaft and several cross-cuts six 
 to thirty Inches of galena and carbonates carrying 170 to 352 ounces silver and 
 35 to 66 per cent, lead and is continuing development. 
 
 Seven miles east of Sllverton by trail is the Fisher Maiden {.roup, recently 
 acquired by the Fisher Maiden Mining Company. The ledge running north- 
 east and southwest crops In syenitic granite on both sides of a gulch and In 
 two small tunnels was stoped to the surface one to three feet wide. Below 
 th*se. a 100-foot tunnel with cross-cuts had been run on the south and four 
 drifts aggregating 400 feet on the north, showing zinc blende and some galena, 
 with native silver along the seams. Fifty tons shipped In 1894 returned 180 
 ounces silver and a later shipment of thirty tons yielded 367 ounces sliver and 
 24 per ceht. lead. A coritract has been made with the Everett smelter for the 
 entire output to May IB. „, , , 
 
 The Galena Farm, composed of five claims a mile from Slocan Lake and 
 one and one-half miles from Sllverton, was so named from the finding of pre 
 scattered over a plateau and the subsequent discovery of a large ledge, and la 
 now owned by the Galena Mines Company of London. The ledge rups east 
 and west and has been traced for 1,600 feet by cropplngs of quartz and spathic 
 iron carrying galena and zinc blende twelve to. fourteen feet wide. From a 
 fifty-foot shaft a cross-cut tapped the ledge In twelve feet and drifts sixty feet 
 east and seventy feet west shoWed a large body of concentrating ore, with 
 high grade galena on the hanging wall. A forty-five foot winze in the west 
 delft waa-dn tdaxr feet oC'^blid galena and an open cut 500 feet west sJaoWed 
 sixteen inches of galena on the footwall. A two-compartment shaft has, been 
 sink sixty-flve feet to strike the ledge «.t 130 feet and at forty-one feet cut a 
 north and south cross ledge of concentrating ore, which It followed for ten 
 feet. This oro concentrates five lnt6 one, the product carrying 123 oimces , 
 
 1 
 
IMAGE EVALUATION 
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 Photographic 
 
 Sciences 
 
 Corporation 
 
 23 WEST MAin STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 
 
 (716) 872-4S03 
 

 iL 
 
140 
 
 MINING IN TKT5 PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 silver and 62 per cent, l-'ad. At 100 feet this shaft struck two feet of shlpplnc 
 ore. The shaft has been equipped with a hoist and pumps and Is being sunK 
 600 feet with cross-cuts to the lee ge at every 100 feet. The ore is milling and 
 concentrating, though a shipment of sorted ore returned 98. ounces silver and 
 FT per cent, lead, and a IBO-ton concentrator will be built and operated bjT 
 water power. . ...... 
 
 The Noonday la believed to have the east extension of this ledge. A 
 number of other cl.aims surrounding the Galena Farm are being opened and 
 the L. H. has a zone of schJHtose rock on the tine of an east and west fissure in 
 the slate, which Is twenty to forty feet wide and is Impregnated with arsenic, 
 mlsplckel, pyrlte and pyrrhotlte, though a twenty-two foot tunnel has so far 
 shown little mineral. 
 
 The Enterprise group of two claims, eight miles up Ten-Ifcfclle Creek, was 
 recently sold for $.300,000 by John A. Finch to David M. Hyman and others of 
 Colorado. The ledge, though small, has been traced through the two claims 
 and strikes northeast and southwest between granite walls. The ore is galena 
 with much zinc blende In a quartz gangue and Is generally found on the 
 footwall. Four tunnels have been driven on the ledge, leaving the ore on the 
 s'.de. The lowest, 500 feet, opens a chute averaging seven Inches and con- 
 tinuous for 40u feet. The second tunnel, 170 feet higher, la In 500 feet with ore 
 for 300 feet, where an upraise to the surface follows over eight Inches of ore 
 for eighty feet. At 330 feet a fault was struck, but the ledge has been 
 picked up beyond It and carries ore for 150 feet further, eight to eighteen 
 inches wide, which Is being stoped. The third tunnel, twenty-flve feet higher, 
 Is 310 feet long and follows six to twelve Inches of ore for 260 feet. The fourth 
 tunnel, 400 feet. Is ninety feet higher and is In six to fourteen Inches of solid 
 ore. These tunnels have thus traced a continuous ore chute for 1,000 feet 
 along the ledge. Shipments have returned from 153.7 to 179.5 ounces sliver and 
 18 to 80 per cent 'ead and now average 250 tons a month. Shipments to date 
 aggregate twenty-six carloads, averaging !'1,900 to $2,000 a car, net. 
 
 The same ledge has been traced into the Iron Horse and United Empire on 
 the northeast and Is said to have been found on the Alexandria. The ore 
 has been struck in an open cut on the Iron Horse, 300 feet from the Enter- 
 prise line. On the Oregon City, John Thompson, L. Parkinson and othera 
 have struck seven to eight Inches of galena In a fifty-foot tunnel and P. 
 Griffiths, G. West and others have tapped an ore body with a cross-cut on 
 the Westmount. 
 
 The Bondholder group of four claims, owned by the Bondholder Mining 
 Company, Is near the ildge south of Ten-Mile Creek and Is reached by the Ten- 
 Mile Creek road and a trail, or by the trail from Slocan City. The ledge is 
 supposed to be the extension of the Enterprise, running northeast by south- 
 west, and has been traced Vy cuts and cropplngs for 4,000 feet, showing twelve 
 to sixteen Inches of qvartz. Iron oxides and galena. It has been defined by 
 600 feet of tunnels and drifts and a sixty-foot shaft to be four feet wide, with 
 seven to twenty-one Inches of high grade ore carrying argentlte, galena and 
 antlmonlal sliver, assaying 63 ounces from average samples of one claim and 
 816 ounces frori another. The shaft shows four feet of ore averaging 213 ounces 
 silver. 
 
 The Kallsp?ll, on Ten-Mile Creek, one mile irrom Slocan Lake, has a north 
 and south ledge in quartzite and Is owned by William Lardner, of Deadwood, 
 8. X>. A seventy-five foot tunnel shows ga'.ena, ruby silver and other stiver 
 minerals and svime ore has been stoped, eight tons returning 289 ounces and 
 three tons returning 212 ounces silver. 
 
 Great activity is promised for the coming season on Twelve-Mile. Springer 
 and Lemon Creeks, up which trails branch off from Slocan City and Brandon. 
 It Is In this region that dry oi'e begins to take the place of galena, the forma- 
 tion being granite. 
 
 The Two Friends, savsn or eight mllea from Slocan City ot; the divide 
 between Springer and Lemon Creeks, ow.ied by the Two Friends Mine Com- 
 pany, has a ledge of h.gh grtide galena striking northeast by southwest, A 
 twenty-three foot cro»s-cut taps tho Itdge at a depth of twenty feet and shows 
 It four feet wide with a twelve-Inch pay streak. A drift flftv feet east shows 
 galena next the footwnll and zinc blende on the hanging wall, the width vary- 
 ing from a narrow streak to twelve or fourteen Inches of solid ore, and a 
 winze proved the permanence of the ledge. A 206-foot cross-cut then tapped 
 the ledge at a depth of 100 feet, here three feet wide with ten to twelve Inches 
 of high grade zinc blende, but In an upraise of twenty-flve feet It changed to 
 high grade galena. A drift was run eighty feet east from this cross-cut and 
 the ore, after pinching out at twenty feet, was comlni; in £UEaln at seventy 
 feet. Thli ty-nlne tons shipped to Tucoma returned |164 to $237 net and thirty- 
 eight carloads were shipped during the winter. 
 
 The Arlington and Burlington, on the north slope of Springer Creek, are 
 owned by the Arlington Consolidated Mining &. Smelting Company and have ft 
 ledge of mlnerullzed grarite four to six feel wide striking northeast by south- 
 west through both claims. This ledge is full of stringers of fine-grained 
 {;alenu and zinc blende. In which are rich specimens of native sliver. A shaft 
 B down seventy feet on ore, with drifts seventy feet at a depth of thlrty-flve 
 feet, and thirty-dve feet at sreator depth, both In ore. An average of four 
 
 MHBMi 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 141 
 
 assays from different parts of the mine was 154 ounces sliver and 2214 per cent 
 lead. 
 
 The Howard group of four claims and two fractions on the divide hptwppn 
 Springer and Lemcn Creeks, is being developed by A. G. Teeter William 
 Price. V. T. RatcUffe and others. The ledge runs east and/ west fhrouKu ihe 
 granite, dipping 10 to IB degrees north. An incline follows it down 115 feet 
 except where faults have occurred, and shows twelve to twenty Inches of 
 honeycombed quartz carrying argentlte. Considerable ore has been stopdd 
 sorted and shipped to Pilot Bay, returning 163 ounces silver and JIC gold up to 
 1206 ounces silver and $26 gold. 
 
 Another dry ore property which is now being rapidly developed is the Old 
 Glory group of seven claims, on the west slope of the foothills from Slocan 
 Lake, two and one-half miles from Slocan City, the owner being the Old 
 Glory Mining Company. Between quartzite hanging and granite footwalls, 
 four wcill-deflned parallel ledges of great strength, from three to sixty feet 
 wide, ran the full length of the group, 5.100 feet. The ledge matter is horn- 
 blendlc schist, highly impregnated with cube iron, and the pay streak la 
 capped with quartz carrying arsenical Iron and white iron sulphurets— a good 
 indication of large ore bodies. Assays of six samples from the surface ram 
 from 8.22 to 114 ounces silver and $1.50 to $22 gold and an average sample ot 
 forty pounds gave 130 ounces silver, $9 gold. Three shafts, twelve, eighteen 
 and forty-four feet, have been sunk on the several ledges and a cross-cut, for 
 which a contract was let In November, 1896, to be run 200 feet, and which was 
 in fifty feet on January 1, 1897, will cut all four ledges at depths ranging from 
 40 to 150 feet. 
 
 A number of other properties in this section of th« district aie being 
 opened. On the Meteor John A. Finch and John Sheran have sliowr a twonty- 
 inch ledge of high grade dry ore by surface work. Mr. Sheran has sold his 
 interest to C. L. Hoffman for $4,000 and work Is to begin as soon as weather 
 permits. On the Silver King, C. Faas and M. Heckman have run a crosi'- 
 cut 120 feet to tap the ledge. On the Crusader group of three claims, O. 
 Faas, R. N. Clay and others uncovered a ledge of two and one-halC 
 feet of quartz carrying silver glance. Iron pyrites, some native silver and 
 gold, and then sank thirty-three feet on it. They afterwards sold a 
 half Interest for $12,500 to W. H. Hellyar and W. H. Smith. The Alpine 
 group of four claims, on the mountain above Summit Creek, has a 
 strong gold-bearing ledge two to three feet wide, very Hat and traceable 
 through three basins, and has been bonded by C._Faas and others to A. B. 
 licKenzle and A. Dick, of Rossland. The Ocean group of three clalm.s thr'ee 
 ai. ' one-half miles northeast of the Crusader group, has a dike mineralized 
 with silver glance and galena and a three-fourths Interest has been bonded by 
 W. R. Your.g, W. R. Richmond and others">to Alexander Dick, of Rossland. 
 The Republic group of three claims, bonded for $25,000 to W. L. Parrlsh and 
 W. J. Lindsay, has a ledge eighteen to thirty inches T.ide, carrying galena, 
 Iron pyrites and gold, on which a shaft is being sunk. The Esmeralda group 
 of four claims has been sold to J. A. Thompson, of iNorthwest Territory, for 
 $20,000. 
 
 The most active new development has been made with gratifying results on 
 the Montezuma group of four claims on the south fork of Kaslo Creek, eight 
 miles from Kaslo, by the Kaslo Montezuma Mining & Milling Company, ot 
 Seattle. Several open cuts wei-e first made and the ledge uncovered for a 
 distance of sevent • feet, showing fifteen to thirty feet of spathic Iron and 
 other gangue with zinc blende and galena disseminated through the entire 
 width. The first tunnel, 115 feet long, shows a large body of concentrating ore, 
 estimated at 4,000 tons, for the entire distance. A tunnel was then driven 
 along the hanging wall for about forty feet and connecting with the main 
 tunnel by a cross-cut of thirty-two feet, showing the ore body to be that 
 width. Ano^.her tunnel, 100 feet below, was driven 256 feet on a parallel ledge 
 and at 200 feet a cross-cut was run to the main 'edge, which was struck in 
 thirty feet, proving to be twenty-three feet between walls. A winze was 
 then sunk in ore all the way to connect the two levels, showing the ore body to 
 be continuous, and drifting has since been extended north and south, snowing 
 an ore chute 140 feet long, with ore in both breasts. The average width of the 
 ore body in the ui)per tunnel Is six feet, In the lower tunnel. JOO fPet jloeper. It 
 Is fifteen feet. Assuming it to be no more than 140 feet long, this gives 20,000 
 tons of ore in sight, averaging 23 ounces sliver and 18 per cent lead This will 
 concentrate four into owe. giving 5.000 tons of concentrates which, allowing 
 for loss In milling, will average 80 ounces sliver and /> per cent lead, a value of 
 $92.90 a ton. In addition to $3 gold in each ton of crude ore-sufflcient to pay for 
 mining, milling and tramming. A shipment of thirty tons of sorted ore re- 
 turned 67% ounces silver, 63% per cent, lend, and there are 1.000 tons on the 
 dump? wofth? when concentrated, at least $20,000. The winze Is being con- 
 tinued below the lower tunnel and drifting continues bothways on the leiige. 
 As soon as the snow Is off another tunnel will be started 200 feet lower, which 
 will tap the ore body In 500 feet. The character of the ground permits of 
 tunneling to a vertical depth of fully 1.800 feet. Plans are being prepared for 
 a cable tramway one and one-quarter miles ong, from the m^ne to the south 
 lork of Kaslo Creek and for a mill which will cost $40 000 to $60,000. 
 
 The Jennie, eight miles from Kaalo and half a mile from the railroad, In 
 
142 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 beiner opened by the Canadian Gold Fields Syndicate. In a forty-foot shaft 
 the ledge widens from four tc seven feet of concentrating ore, whlph assays 
 on an average 100 ounces silver, $6 gold and 3 per cent, lead, A cross-cut will 
 be run to tap the ledge at a depth of 100 feet. 
 
 The Silver Bear, on the south fork of Kaslo Creek, was recently bought by 
 the Reddin-Jackson Company, of Roasland. for $25,000 and has three ledges 
 shown by two cross-cuts. One cross-cut shows the first 'edge flfteen feet 
 wide, carrying seven Inches of high grade carbonates and five to six feet of 
 talc carrying kidneys of galena which assay 200 ounces sliver. The second 
 ledge carries three feet of pyritlc iron, galena and spar and two feet of talc, 
 and the third has three feet of spar and four inches of carbonates carrying 100 
 ounces silver. The second cross-cut Is forty feet and has cut the first ledge, 
 which carries eighteen Inches of carbonates assaying 200 to 300 ounces 8i!ver» 
 A twenty-foot shaft shows fourteen to sixteen inches of carbonates In the first 
 ledge, the remainder of which averages 19 ounces silver. Shipments are now 
 being made. 
 
 T'ie two Gibson claims, owned by the Gibson Mining & Milling Company, 
 are on South Kaslo Creek, eleven miles from Kaslo and reached by sis 
 miles of trail from the railroad. Three parallel ledges will be tapped by a &0- 
 foot cross-cut, which has already cut the first at thirty-five feet and will 
 strike the second at fifty and the third at 2."^ feet. A tunnel eighty feet on the 
 third ledge shows It four feet six Inches wide. Assays of the par ore range 
 from 112 to 149 ounces silver and S3 to 75 per cent, lead and the ledj 3 matter In 
 genera' assays 48 to 80 ounces silver and 35 to 75 per cent lead. 
 
 The Brlggs proup, nine miles from Kaslo 'and four miles from the railroad, 
 has recently been sold by Brlggs Bros, to E. J. Kelly, D. Holzman and R. N. 
 McLean for $20,000. A 235-foot cross-cut taps a four'and one-half foot ledge 260 
 feet deep and drifts In both directions show galena ore assaying 130 ounces 
 sliver and 70 per cent. lead. Two parallel ledges have been defined by open 
 outs, one of them, capped with Iron and carrying galena, being six feet wide. 
 
 The Black Prince group of three claims has a four-foot led'^e of rose quarts 
 traced through it, carrying high grade galena which has r, high gold value. 
 From a twenty-foot shaft and a drift from a fifty-foot crosscut ore has been 
 taken assaying $76 to $232 gold, sliver and lead, 82 per cent, of the value being 
 free milling and only $3 of the highest assay being silver. 
 
 On the Iron Crown and San Bernardino John A. Finch has tunneled 300> 
 feet showing as much as three feet of ore In places, carrying 80 ounces silver. 
 Two shafts of about fifty feet each are down on the ledge. 
 
 On the two Phoenix claims, the Phoenix Consolidated Mining Company is 
 stoping out ore from a ledge four to seven feet wide, which Is worth $140 at the 
 smelter and has shipped about 300 tons during the winter, 
 
 On the Echo group of three claims J. M. Martin and Whltaker Lynch have 
 tunneled 170 feet and sunk twelve feet on a ledge eight to sixteen feet wido, 
 which has four to fourteen Inches of pay ore carrying 166 ounces sliver and 76 
 jjer cent. lead. 
 
 Discoveries were made in the fall of 1896 on Kokanee Creek, which ap- 
 pears on the map as Yuill Creek, and this will be the scene of much work 
 this year. The Molllc Gibson group of four claims, in contest amons sr eral 
 claimants, has a ledge showing four feet of high grade galena and sulptadM. 
 On the north extension, the Smuggler and U. S., bonded for $80,000 by 
 Charles Faas, C. W. Greenlee and N. K. Franklin to William Olynn. this 
 ledge has been uncovered by open cuts at Intervals for 400 feet, showing 
 eight to twenty-four Inches of galena and sulphides, and is traceable tor 
 1,000 feet. 
 
 Prospecting has about covered all the territory between Slocan and 
 Kootenai Lakes and has extended to the country on the west between the 
 Slocan and Arrow Lakes. It has already revealed on this divide and In the 
 basin of Cariboo Creek, which flows Into the narrows of the Columbia betwten 
 the two Arrow Lakes, a great gold basin, where the ore carries $1 gold to each 
 ounce of sliver, though there are exceptions where the ore Is almost ex- 
 clusively silver and is very rich. Ore can be shipped In considerable quantity 
 which will carry $100 gold and 100 ounces sliver; also ore which carries 100 
 ounces silver with only $2 to $3 gold. There is also quite an area of gold placer 
 ground on the tributaries of thie Cariboo, which Is too low grade for the pan 
 and rocker, but will pay well for sluicing. On' Six-Mile Creek, almost 
 directly acrors Slocan Lake from New Denver, discoveries have recently 
 been made of sulphide ore carrying gold and sliver, and many prospeoton 
 are waiting for spring to make locations. 
 
 A steamer 24B feet long has been built by the Canadian Padflo to ply OB 
 Slocan Lake between Roseberry and Slocan City, and will be launched about 
 May 1. The same company is building wharves at New Denver, Blooaft 
 City and Roseberry, which will greatly improve the facilities. 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 141 
 
 AINSWOBTH. 
 
 Though outstripped 1,4 development and production by Its younger neigh- 
 bors, Alnsworth holds Us own and will this year be the scene of renewed 
 activity. Mr. CarlyJd attributes its comparatively slow progress to the 
 attractions offered by the high grade ores of Slocan, to the waiting policy o( 
 men who have crown granted low grade properties and were discouraged by 
 lack of transportation and smelting facilities, to disastrous forest flres whioh 
 destroyed several good plants, and to an ui A^arranted lack of contldende in 
 the probable permanence of these veins and ore bodies, especially of those In 
 the limestones, which have been considered as "merely pockets and local." 
 On this point he continues: "To one who has worked in silver ore bodies in 
 limestone, as in Colorado, this pocket theory is not so alarming a bugbear, as 
 the general experience is that, when one ore-chute is found, others are almost 
 Invariably discovered on prospecting further along the line of break." 
 
 The geological formation Ks the same as that of the Slocan district, some of 
 the ledges running with tliS stratification and others cutting across It In true 
 Assures, while others again are formed by the Impregnation and replacement 
 of the country rock by ore and quartz, and sometimes calclte. The ores vary 
 from a solid galena with zinc blende, though not often enough to exceed the 
 smelter limit, through quartz and calcite carrying sulphides with little galena 
 and zinc blende; quartz and lime carrying silver In other compounds; galena 
 with gold disseminated through the quartz; tetrp.hedrlte In quarts with 
 galena; to a low grade ore carrying galena, iron and copper pyrites and pyr- 
 rhotite. 
 
 From the south, the district Is reached by the Spokane Falls & Northern 
 system from Spokane to Nelson, 200 miles, and the Columbia & Kootenai 
 Navigation Company's steamers up the Kootenai River and Lake to Alns- 
 worth; or the train may be left at Northport and the steamer taken up the 
 Columbia and Kootenai rivers, at a greater expenditure of time. From the 
 west and north the Canadian Pacific carries one from Vancouver to Revel- 
 Btoku, 379 miles, the Arrow Lake branch thence to Arrowhead, twenty-eight 
 miles, the steamer to Nakusp and the Nakusp & Slocan and Kaslo & Slocan 
 Railroads thence to Alnsworth. The mines are at comparatively short dis- 
 tances from Kootenai Lake, on which steamers ply, and many of them can 
 tram ore down to the lake shore. , . . ^^ .. » 
 
 The Number One group of two claims, an Interest in three others ana a 
 millplte, has been developed by the Britannia Mining Company, of Windsor, 
 N. S., and is four and one-half miles by road from Alnsworth. The ore body 
 Is developed by stopes nearly 300 feet long and four to twelve feet wide, W 
 enclosed by limestones, shales and slates and In places lies almost flat. Its dip 
 being changed by faults. A crosscut taps the ore body In 375 feet and from It 
 8 drift follows a fault wall 157 feet with a thirty-flve foot winze to the stopes 
 abdve. This drift is being continued and in 100 to 120 feet is expected to tap 
 the ore body. An incline from the stope is now^down thirty-flve feet to con- 
 nect with It. A mill of eighteen to twenty tons dally capacity Is run by water 
 bdwer from a small stream and by steam at low water. Some flrst-class ote 
 to shipped, but most of the product Is reduced eight tons Into one of concen- 
 trates; which carry 295 to 3d0 ounces sliver and four to eight per cent. lead. 
 This mill will concehtrate fifteen to twenty-ounce ore at a profit. About 1,000 
 tons of ore and concentrates have been shipped. . , . „ « ri„ii„„ i- -.,»»<»» 
 
 A mile from the Nuzhber One Is the Dellle, on which S.S. ?ai'ey Is running 
 a 800-foot tunnel to connect with a 100-foot shaft. From the Lilly May on the 
 
 iwned by Arw kcCune, has alhaft down on a galena ledge betweon wall, 
 of limestone. On the Neosha a tunnel Is being run to connect with a shaft, 
 from which 100-ounce dry ore has been taken. xT«t-^» i.. »»«^ 
 
 The Skvllne group of three claims, six m les by road from Nelson, Is owned 
 l)y A W ScCune! of Salt Lake City. The ledge Is In a slats and limestone 
 fofmatlon and runs almost north and south and occupies '^ctured zones 
 impregnated with ore. The ore bodies are fattened and ten to twelve feet 
 thick, often crossing nearly horizontally from foot to hang^^^ the two 
 
 dine has been sunk eighty-seven feet on the ledge and a shaft 20O feet, tne two 
 belnV conneotea by 1» feet of drift and an upraise forty feet to the Inclln^ 
 The ore Is areentlte native silver and galena, with some gray copper and Iron 
 and cMoer DvrUas and av^^^^^ forty to fifty ounces sliver. The output la 
 ten to fl?teera8 a d^r and^^^^ to the' Pilot Bay and other smeltew. 
 
 Over low toM shipped In M»-« averaged 64 ounces silver and leae than 6 per 
 
 '— "The^irlff. thMe-<luarter« of a mile by wagon road from the la^e and one 
 will« south of AInswor'ii, Ij owned by William Braden, of Helena, who is thor- 
 SShirexptoiffl^tb a view to wtematlc development. The ledge run. 
 
 : 
 
144 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 north and south between schist and quarlzlte and has been traced by cute and 
 stripping Into adjoining claims. From one of these cuts forty-flve tons vere 
 shipped and yielded 30 ounces silver and 55 per cent. lead. From this cut an 
 inollne Is down 100 feet and for eighty feet followed twelve to thirty Inches of 
 solid galena, which continues In a forty-live foot drift to the north. A bed of 
 quartzlte twenty-flve to thirty feet thick, which forms the foot\ d, shows 
 galena in an open cut and is uiought to carry enough mineral for concent.ra- 
 
 From the Mile Point, on the lake south of Alnsworth. A. Stalberg Is ship- 
 ping ore which carries 106 ounces sliver and 4 per cent. lead. 
 
 The Highlander, owned by Max Stevenson, of Philadelphia, is on a bluff one 
 and one-quarter miles southwest of Alnsworth and 1,000 feet above the lake 
 and has two ledges between schist and quartzlte walls. A cross-cut taps one 
 of these at eighty feet, and drifts twenty and ten feet show four to eighteen 
 inches of galena, zinc blende and a little arseno-pyrite In it. The main ledge 
 is tapi)ed at 120 feet and a drift 270 feet, now being extended, sho'irs concen- 
 trating ore carrying galena and blende. From a slxty-saven l->ot winze, 
 twenty-seven feet from the tunnel, a crosscut strikes the first ledge In flfty- 
 two feet, showing five to six feet of low grade concentrating ore. An upraise 
 of ninety-one feet from the drift to the surface shows eight to ten Inche'i of 
 good ore and two to four feet of concentrating ore. Twelve tons shipped to 
 Everett returned 70 ounces silver, with very little lead. 
 
 The Little Phil fraction, one and one-third miles on the main wagon road 
 from Alnsworth, has been bonded for $20,000 by I. McQnvern and Capt. Htfy- 
 ward, of Alnsworth, to Hon. N. Clark Wallace, of Ontario. The 1- Ige cutg 
 the schists northwest and southeast and is cut at seventy-two feet by a cross- 
 cut 442 feet long, and a drift 200 feet shows six to twenty-four Inches of ^ralena, 
 with some carbonates, averaging 30 ounces silver, while a short upraise showd 
 three feet of solid ore. The cross-cut taps another ledge 282 feet further In, 
 which has been followed 100 feet and carries a small amount of mixed galena 
 and considerable concentrating ore. 
 
 Considerable work has been done by John F. Stevens, of St. Paul, on the 
 Black Diamond and Little Donald, the south extension of the tJttle Phil, and 
 260 tons of ore were shipped in 1895 w^iich yielded 33 ounces allvor and 66 to 70 
 per cent. lead. 
 
 The Highland group of four claims, one and one-half miles north of Alns- 
 worth, owned by E. D. Carter and others, has a tunnel 680 feet along a well- 
 defined fissure ledge, showing ten feet of concentrating galena ore in the face. 
 There is some ore for fifty feet towards the moiiTTi and an upraise 120 feet 
 shows six to twenty-four Inches of almost solid galena for 106 feet, as also does 
 a ninety-foot shaft connecting with it. There is more or less ore for 235 feet 
 more along the tunnel, where an upraise is made 160 feet to the surface. A 
 few tons of the best ore returned 40 ounces stiver and 75 per cent, lead at the 
 smelter. Surveys have been made for a cable tramway to a millslte at the 
 mouth of Cedar Creek. 
 
 The Amazon rtoud of four claims at the mouth of Woodbury Creek, 
 three and one-half miles north of Alnsworth, is owned by the Canadian 
 Pacific Mining & Milling Company, of Minneapolis, which is developing with 
 machine drills. The property has several well-defined fissure ledges striking 
 east and west across the gneiss formation in which the creek nowv. The 
 ledges carry four inches to four feet of galena and zinc blende In quarts 
 and calclte gangue. and in places there is six to sixteen inches of solid galena. 
 Almost at right t^n^les to these ledges is a cross ledge, which will be' cut 
 at depth by two tut;nels being driven on the main ledges. One tunnel runs 
 sixty-five feet on L-ock seamed with ..mail quartz veins, carrying a little Iron 
 and copper pyrites and some galena, with )3 to >5 gold. This ledge and an- 
 other crop twenty-five feet apart and the intervening rock carries a small 
 percentage of sulphides and is believed to be concentrating ore. Another 
 tunnels runs sixty feet through surface wash, from which boulders have 
 been taken carrying 30 to 40 ounces sliver In galena, and a forty-flve foot 
 tunnel follows a small galena vein. A 120-foot tunnel follows another ledge 
 carrying eight to fourteen Inches of solid galena and zinc blend m quarts 
 and calclte and Is being extended to where the ledge crops four feet wide 
 on the cliff, and carries pyrrhotlte. On another ledge, fourteen to twenty 
 inches wide, tunnels have been driven 140 feet on one side and 120 feet on 
 the other side of the creek, A shaft Is down 140 feot on another vein of 
 mixed galena ore, four to twerly-four Inches wide, carrying: a good gold 
 value. A concentrator with seventy-flve tons dally capacity stands one- 
 quarter mile from the lake, water power for It and the twelve-drill com- 
 pressor being furnished by 1,200 feet of flume from the creek. A tramway l,4So 
 feet long carries ore and concentrates to steamers on the lake. 
 
 The Sliver Glance, two miles up Woodbury Creek, Is on an east and west 
 ledge discovered In August, 18%. by William Franklin, Alexander McLeod and 
 F. L. Fitch. A tunnel Is being driven on the ledge, which carries four to 
 sixteen Inches of galena. Iron pyrites and marcaslte in quartz gangue, with 
 two to three feet of mlnernllzed coun.'ry rock. Assays rans'e from 60 to 232 
 ounces silver and $18 to $20 gold. 
 
 The Blue Bell group at Hendryx on the east shore of the lake, consists of 
 four claims owned by the Kootenai Mining & Smelting Company. The min« 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 IIS. 
 
 
 IB on a band of cryBtalllne limestone in the schists and the ore is mostly low 
 grade galena and pyrrhotite, with some blende, Iron and copper pyrites It 
 occupies Irregular chambers, often of great size, In the limestone, the ore 
 body now being worked measuring 200 feet long, seventy feet wide and 150 feet 
 high. In the year 1895, 40,000 tons were shlpjed to the Pilot Bay smelter, 
 eight miles down the lake, and there are vast quantities in sight 
 
 The Pilot Bay plant, which is owned by the same company, consists of a 
 fully equipped concentrator with a capacity of 200 tons in twenty-four hours, 
 four reverberatory furnaces of twelve tons capacity each in twenty-four 
 hours, and one 100-ton water Jacket blast furnace. A 160 horse-power engine 
 runs the concentrator and sampling works, an eighty-five horse-power engine 
 runs the blower and a thirty horse-power engine the dynamo, which lights the 
 works. The plant employs 200 men. 
 
 At the head of Hooker Creek, on the divide between Kootenai Lake and 
 St. Mary's River, ten or twelve miles from the lake. Is the Commonwealth 
 group of three claims, under bond to the London & British Columbia Gold 
 Fields Company. A tunnel runs 150 feet on a ledge of quartz four to sixteen 
 feet wide, carrying galena, gray copper, sliver sulphides and some gold. 
 On the Expre-ss, adjoining, a cross-cut has been driven ninety feet to cut two 
 ledges, two to two and one-half feet wide, carrying galena and gray copper. 
 
 After a period of litigation, due to Its location on the townslte of Alns- 
 worth, the title to the Jeff Davis has been cleared and development has been 
 tal-en up by the Jeff Davis Mining & Milling Company. It has two parallel 
 If'dgeB i-unning north and south through lime, shale and slate, one of them 
 allowing two feet of galena In a thirty-foot cross-cut and being defined hy 
 many open cuts. Assays show 19 ounces silver and 78.9 per cent. lead. The 
 west ledge is only twenty feet distant and has been defined by open cuts, 
 small shafts and tunnels for a width of sixteen to forty feet and a length of 
 400 feet. It carries sulphide ore assaying $2.75 gold. 94.2 ounces silver, 9.1 per 
 cent, copper. A contract has been let for a 100-foot cross-cut to tap both 
 ledges at a depth of seventy-five feet and hoisting machinery has been 
 ordered. 
 
 Development has also been resumed by the Ellen Sliver Mining Company 
 on the Ellen, on whlcii a seventy-five foot tunnel has gained a depth of 
 Beventy-flve feet on a six-foot ledge. The whole width averages fifty ounceB 
 silver and 48 per cent, lead and will pay to concentrate, but eighteen Inches 
 is clean shipping ore, assaying 80 ounces silver and 75 per cent. lead. 
 
 Adjoining the Ellen is the Bonanza King, on which C. F. Clough & Co. 
 have sunk sixty feet, showing four feet of galena ore, of which ten assays 
 average 192.20 silver and lead. 
 
 NELSON. 
 
 Including the territory drained by the Kootenai River between Its outlet 
 from Kootenai Lake and Us confluence with the Columbia River, also the 
 watershed of Salmon River as far south as the boundary, this district haa 
 both gold-copp<>r and silver-copper ore bodies of great size,, as proved In the 
 Hall mines on Toad Mountain and In the Poorraan group. After being out- 
 stripped. In the amount of product'on by the newer districts of Trail and 
 Slocan, it has recently awakened revived Interest by the extensive dlscoverlef 
 along the Salmim River and Its tributaries. 
 
 The Nelson & Fort Sheppard Railroad runs through its center along 
 Salmon River to Nelson, 200 miles from Spokane. From Vancouver. B. C., 
 the route Is by the Canadian Pacific to Revelstoke, 879 miles, by a branch 
 railroad to Arrowhead, twenty-eight miles, by the Arrow Lake steamer to 
 Kobson and by the Columbia & Kootenai Railroad to Nelson. ^ m 
 
 The greatest mine of this district is the Hall,: or Silver King, on Toad 
 Mountain, eight and one-half ^ules by wagon road south of Nelson, owned by 
 the Hall Mines Company, of London. The property consists of eighteen 
 claims, of which the original four are on the silver-copper belt and the 
 remainder on the gold belt. The silver-copper lode strikes east and west 
 through the diabases and has no distinct walls, the ore-bearing solutions 
 having probably Impregnated the country rock on each side of the flsaiira. 
 The development Is on the main ore-chute, 200 to 225 feet long, but smaller 
 ones are now being explored. The ledge has been traced almost continuously 
 for nearly 8.000 feet and appears to have branched on the east, one Io»k nin- 
 
 l'he"prM?nt company has been extending the workings of the old com- 
 pany. conBlstlng of I.IOO feet of tunnels. 345 feet of cross-cuts and.sfveral 
 winaes. and ban continued exploration by means of 22.000 feet of diamond 
 dr.'U-holes. The highest tunnel, near the summit. Is elghty-flve feet Ions and 
 ■hewed good ore. particularly In short wlnsos. The second tunnel, m feet. 
 Is t short distance below^and Is connected by two wi"«f8 with the lower 
 worWngs. It has produced much high grade and considerable n>e<l>">n,|f'^°* 
 ore. In the main tunnel, 870 feet below the surface and extending 911 feet 
 
nn 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 ennt along the ledge, a flmall amount of mixed ore was ntruck at eighty-five 
 ftet and continued until, at 175 feet, three to four feet of good ore was 
 followed down for Bcventy feet by a winze, which showed two to three feet 
 of good ore, alHO encountered In a 100-foot drift and believed to be In a second 
 chute. A compressed air holHt Is used in sinking this winze to a connection 
 with No. E tunnel, 210 feet below. At 346 feet the main tunnel enters a great 
 ore chute and cuts It for over 200 feet. At first six to nine feet of very high 
 grade ore was mined, but lower grade ore is also taken out now from a slope 
 thlrty-flve to fifty feet wide and thlrty-flvo to forty feet high, showing fifteen 
 to thirty feet of medium ore In the roof, the chute narrowing at each end to a 
 few feet. Half way along this stope another winze has been sunk on the 
 hanging wall. 135 feet, and from It two levels extend, one at thirty feet with 
 170 feet of drifts and sixty feet of crosscut ard another at sixty feet, with 
 seventy-five feet of drift and 110 feet of crosscut, both being connected by 
 another winze. Considerable high grade ore has been stoped from these 
 levels, with twelve to fifteen feet of lower grade remaining. Another body 
 of good ore ten to twelve feet thick, is struck at thirty feet In a cross-cut 
 fifty feet beyond the stope In the main tunnel and Is again tapped, slk feet 
 thick, by a diamond drill-hole from a cross-cut 100 feet east. The new tunnel, 
 300 feet west, shows two to three feet of mixed ore, carrying more galena 
 than Is found In the other workings, A sixty-five foot shaft with 120 feet of 
 cross-cuts on the Kootenai Bonanza claim shows considerable good ore, 
 believed to be In the extension of the Silver King ledge. 
 
 Mr. Carlyle grades the ore into two classes: That carrying a high per- 
 centage of value-bearing sulphides and lower grade country rock impregnated 
 with a smaller amount. There Is a rich zone In the chute, shown In the upper 
 workings, consisting of bornlte, some tetrahedrlte, copper and Iron pyrites 
 and a little galena and zinc blende, and of this ore 200 tons averaged 190.9 
 ounces silver, 18.17 per cent, copper, and 1,160 tons shipped by the present 
 company averaged 119 ounces silver, 12.9 per cent, copper. When the smelter, 
 to be described further, was built, 5,000 tons of ore on the dump apsayed 46.44 
 ounces sliver, 5.92 per cent, copper. The grade of ore since produced has been 
 lower, because It has become profitable to mine lower grade ore and because 
 the bulk of the high grade ore In the present chute has beer, mined out. Thus 
 the average value of 15,000 tons mined in 1896 was 20.52 ounces silver, 3.64 per 
 cent, copper. 
 
 The mine is equipped with a steam engine, twelve power drills and two 
 compressors, and a sawmill and planer. From the bins below the sorting 
 floor, the ore is carried 700 feet down a three-rail gravity tramway to the cable 
 tramway which makes a descent of 3,750 feet vertically in a distance of four 
 and four-tenth miles and has a capacity of 145 tons in ten hours. This traiti- 
 way extends from the mines to the smelter at Nelson. 
 
 The smelting plant consists of one water-jacket blast furnace, to which 
 is being added another with a capacity of over 200 tons a day, while the 
 building has room for five stacks, brick dust chamber and stack; a r^ampling 
 works, consisting of crushers and ro!ls; a refinery, consisting of revcroeratory 
 calcining furnace and roverberatory smelting furnace. In the latter of which 
 the calcined matte will be reduced to blister copper; an eighty !iorse power 
 engine; and a masonry reservoir, with a capacity of 150,000 gallons. This 
 sme^ter was in blast for 255»i days from January 14, 1896, to January 1, 1897, 
 and smelted 30,131 tons of ore, producing 632,960 ounces sllvet-, 57?.l ounces gold, 
 2,262,921 pounds copper. Of this quantity 271 tons was customs ore and the 
 average value of the remainder is shown to be 21 ounces sliver, 8.7 per dent, 
 coppfer, This smelter was blown in on March 1 and will go into the custoiris 
 bqslhess for the treatment of Trail Creek ores, while thG new stack will be 
 equipped for the treatment of sliver- lead ores from Slocan. 
 
 On the west extension of the Silver King ledge A. H. Kelly has beeti 
 developing the Dandy. A seventy-five foot tunnel shows the ledge three and 
 one-half to four feet wide, c£^rrylng copper pyrites, bornlte, galena and spathic 
 Irdri. A cross-cut of sixty-five feet taps the ledge at another point and a 
 drift of 170 feet shows copper ores and galena, as in the othfer. A flfty-fdot 
 open cut exposes the vein three or four feet wide and a 170-foot tunnel follows 
 It for 100 feet. 
 
 The Iroquois, owned by J. E. Boss, of Spokane, appears to have i parallel 
 ledge of the same character, which has been explored by means of tunnels, 
 open cuts and diamond drill-holes. ' ' 
 
 On the Grizzly Bear the Stadacona Silver-Copper Mining Company has 
 traced the east extension of the Sliver King ledge and has shown good ore In 
 a shaft, but in 800 feet of tunnels and cross-cuts has failed to tap the ledge. ' 
 
 The Silver Queen Mining Company, of Victoria, has resumed prospecting 
 with the diamond drill on the Silver Queen, which Is believed to have oWe or 
 the branches of the Sliver King ledge. There are good Indicatldns ifl Several 
 open cuts and silver-copper ore has been struck in a shaft. ' • 
 
 The Poorman group of six claims on Eagle Creek, six miles west of Nfelson 
 and two miles from the Kootenai River, Is owned by N, L. Davenport and 
 others, and has two ledges of freo milling and concentrating ore stn^m'f 
 about north and south through hornblendio granite. The main ledse, Wnnfi 
 varies In width from a few Inches to five or six feet, Is tapped by a nmety-»«Jt' 
 cross-cut, tTpia w»fl(^h drifts run 180 feet south and 8» feet north. ' It the 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 147 
 
 ■outh drift the ore varies from a stringer to five or six feet, with alx to eight 
 Inches In the face, and has been ntoped practically to the surface In th« 
 north drift Is a stope seventy to eighty feet long and averaging two feet wide! 
 A second cross-cut to tap the ledge In 450 feet at a depth of m feet. Is In 140 
 feet and has cut a fimall ledge from which fifty tons of ore have been mined 
 In a forty-foot drift. A tunnel has been driven 140 feet on the other tedge 
 showing In one place two to three feet of ore and in others only two amal 
 veins, carrying Iron and copper pyrites and galena. About eighty tons of 
 this ore have been milled, giving somewhat higher returns than the other. 
 The mine Is equipped with a three-drill <!ompref<8or, a ten-stamp mill and 
 three vanners, run by water power, the water being brought by flume and 
 pipe from Kagle Creek. Wattr Is only sufficient from April to July Inclusive, 
 but Sandy Creek would furnish more by two miles of fluming and the Koo- 
 tenai River would give ample power. Aboui »100,000 has been taken from the 
 main ledue. the ore averaging a.)out $16 and concentrating about ten Into one. 
 As depth la gained, the value goes more Into sulphides. • 
 
 The Royal Canadian group of three clalmr, a mile west of the Poorman. 
 has two quartz ledges In granite, on one of wIMch a 206-foot tunnel shows six 
 to forty-two Inches, with an average of sixteen .'nches, carrying J12 to $14 gold, 
 while fight assays ranged from $8 to »51. This o-e carries 8 to 12 per cent. Iroii 
 pyrites and some copper pyrites. Another tunntl, fifty feet above. Is In sixty- 
 six feet, showing the same ledge four to twelve Inches wide. On the other 
 ledge a short tunnel shows the parallel ledge two to twelve inchs wide, carry- 
 ing some iron and copper pyrites and fifteen tons «. f this ore yielded $14.50 free 
 gold at the Poorman mill. 
 
 On the south extension of the Royal Canadian !s the Muldoon, on which 
 M. Monahan haa shown a small stringer in a tunnel. 
 
 The Majestic, owned by John Miles, shows eight to tTilrty-slx Inches of 
 quartz, carrying little pyrites, In a 120-foot tunnel. A parallel ledge twelve to 
 sixteen Inches, carrying free gold, shows In an open cut. 
 
 The Starlight group of six claims, 4,000 feet above the Kootenai River, 
 has two auriferous schistose bands. One of these is shown by a tunnel 209 
 feet to be 148 feet wide between two porphyry dikes and assays |3, of which 
 35 per cent. Is free. At 158 feet a drift was run fifty-nine feet east and 
 seventy-two feet west on a parallel ledge of quartz, six to thlrty-t;)x inches 
 wide, assaying $2.50 to $32 gold, which can be traced 700 or 800 feet on the sur- 
 face, ninety feet above. The other band of schistose ore is opened by a fifty- 
 foot tunnel. 
 
 The Fern group of three claims and two fractions, under bond by Frank 
 Fletcher and Capt. Duncan to the Montreal & British Columbia Development 
 Company, is four and one-half miles by trail from Hall's Siding on the Nelson 
 & Fort Sheppard Railroad and has a ledge averaging about two, feet. and 
 carrying Iron and copper pyriteR, between walls of porphyry and schist. The 
 lowest working Is a twenty-fout cross-cut, from which a drift runs twenty- 
 five feet on the ledge, in two to three feet of decomposed quartz carrying free 
 gold, and a winze is down twenty-two feet. The ledge is shown above this 
 by an open cut and ttfty feet higher by a fifteen-foot shaft in which it la 
 twenty one inches wide; (Ifty feet higher still, it Is eighteen to twenty-four 
 Indies In an open cut. The longest tunnel is ;?50 feet, driven 200 feet above the 
 lowetit tunnel, and shows the ledf,'o four Inches to three and one-half feet, 
 while an ore chute thirty inches wide has Just been entered, which is said to 
 assay 12 ounces gold. A third tunnel, sixty feet higher, runs 160 fact on the 
 ledge, which widens from three Inches to three and one-half feet. A two- 
 stamp prospecting mill has been erected, but is not running. A shipment of 
 twenty-flve tons to the lllot Bay smelter returned $39 gross. 
 
 The Athabasca group of four claims on Morning Mountain, two miles from 
 Nelson, has been acquired by the Athabasca Gold Mining Company. Seven 
 ledges have beeji opened, ranging from one to eight feet wide, all showing free 
 gold with some Iron and copper pyrites. The company has begun develo^J- 
 ment and Intends to erect a stamp mill. * »». u u. w 
 
 The more recent discoveries have shown the mountPa^s through which 
 Salmon River Hows southward Into the Pend d'Oieil!" from the same ridge, 
 which drains northward Into the Kootenai, to be equally well veined with 
 mineral Hero the sulphide ores are found in some instances to be equally 
 rich in gold and silver and to have galena and native silver associated with 
 them There are also great bodies of iron-capped sulphide ore in a dlorite 
 formation, similar to those In Trail Creek on the west. 
 
 Development is In progress by the Dundee Gold Mining Company on the 
 Parker group of three claims between Wild Horse and Porcupine Creeks, 
 three-quarters of a mile from the Nelson & Fort Shept.ard Railroad. The 
 ledge crops fifteen feet wide betw^n a granite footwall and a hanging waU of 
 black aupltic rock, and an elghty-flv^ foot shaft on the hanghiK wall shows 
 six feet of quartz carrying Iron sulphurets and a little galena and assaying !>23 
 gold and two ounces silver. The shaft is being extended to the 100-foot level. 
 
 '^^^ A p%Spomwhi^h"h''a« attracted rmich attention by its rich su,rf.ce .h«w- 
 ingf is the Elsie, five miles by trail from the railroad, which Is oelng devel- 
 oped by the Ells4 Gold Mining Company. The ledge is six feet wide between 
 slate walls and carrie.s two to three feet of pay ore, the mineral being iron 
 
Ul 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWKgT. 
 
 and copper sulphldos, galena, black sulphurets and native sliver. Three 
 aamples across the pay struuk ut places ten feet apart assayed: Oold 960.80. 
 ■liver 116 ounces; gold 180.80, silver 37 ounces; gold $88, silver 17 ounces. Ten 
 assays from vnrioiis parts of the ledge ranged from $7.20 gold and 1 ounce 
 •llwr up to $1,046 Kold and 234 ounces silver, an eleventh assay having shown 
 ■enly a trace of gold u id 6V<i ounces silver. 
 
 The Cromwell, on the north fork of Salmon River, fifteen miles from the 
 railroad, with a wagon road within three miles. Is being developed by the 
 •Cromwell Mining & Uivelopment Company. A twelve-foot shatt shows three 
 feet of quartz carrying pyrites, which ussays >80 to $140, mostly In gold. 
 
 The Salmon River Qo.d Mining Company has the Swlnker group of three 
 claims twenty-eight irilles east of Waneta Station. They are on the south 
 slope of a high, rounc'ed mountain und in a diorite formation have four wide 
 Iron-capped ledges running east and west. A number of open cuts have 
 shown tnelr character and In one Is almost four feet of solid pyrrhotlte, 
 Assaying 50 cents to %Z gold on the surface, such values as have been shown on 
 the tiurface of simllai ledges In Trail Creek. 
 
 The B^ar Cre«;k A' Inlng Company Is developing the Portland group of four 
 claims on the divide between Hear and Beaver creeks and many other prop- 
 erties In the same district are making good showings in the course of develop- 
 tuent. 
 
 sy 
 
 it 
 
 ^l 
 
 BOUND ART CREIK. 
 
 This dletrlct. occupying the middle ground between the Okanogan River 
 and the Trull Ureek mining district, and including an ar^a of 1,'jOO square 
 jnlles Immediately north of the boundary, has risen into prominence during 
 the last few years and is now the scene of as much activity as Trail Creek 
 when the latter's wealth hud been proved but had not been poured forth in 
 the form of dividends. Its development has been retarded by Its remoteness 
 from trunsportution, but this defect Is likely to be soon repaired by the 
 extension of the Columbla& Western Railroad from Uossland throu.^h the 
 heart of this country to a connection at Pentlcton with the Canadian V'actflo 
 steamer on Okanogan Lake, which connects with the Slcamcus branch of that 
 railroad. The road Is now under construction up the Columbia Riv'jr from 
 Tr'^il to Robson, a distance of twenty-tive miles, and Sl.CiOO.OOO has been raised 
 fo/ the further extension across the mountains, down Christina Lako and the 
 North Kettle River, up Kettle and Okanogan Rivers to Pentlcton. The 
 Spokane Falls & Northern has also made surveys for a line from Marcus up 
 Kettle River to run partly through Wa.Hhington and partly throv.gh British 
 Columbia. 
 
 T"^-" present routes Into this country are from Vancouver, B. C, by the 
 Canadian Pacific Railroad to Slcamous Junction. 331 miles; thence by the 
 Blcanious branch to Jkanogun Landing, Jlfty-one miles; from there by the 
 steamer Aberdeen to Pentlcton, eighty miles; then by stage to Midway, elghty- 
 flve miles; Boundary Falls, eighty-nine miles; Anaconda, ninety-two miles; 
 Greenwood, ninety-three miles; Carson, 105 miles; Grand Forks, 110 milea, In 
 each instance from Pentlcton. The other route Is from Spokane by the 
 Spokane Falls & Northern Railroad to Marcus, 102 miles, or Bossburg, 110 
 miles, thence by stage to Grand Forks, forty-five miles, the distanoea to 
 other points being obtained by reckoning along the first-named route In the 
 opposite direction. Robert Wood, of Greenwood, has built a wagon road 
 from that town to Greenwood and Wellington Camps at a cost of $5,000 and 
 has also extended the road from Dcadwood Camp &n far as Copper Campb 
 Another road hag been built from Midway to White's, or Central, Camp, 
 shortening the distance to five miles, and the British Columbia Prospecting 
 Synldcate has made one up Boundary Creek to Long Lake Camp. Bxten- 
 Blons are being continually made, and trails lead to the remaining campk 
 
 The Boundary Creek district comprises the area between the mouth of 
 Rock Creek on the west and the north fork of Kettle River on the east, 
 between the boundary on the south and the source of Boundary Creek, twelve 
 miles north. 
 
 The geology and mineral formation of this district are best described by 
 Samuel S. Fowler, a mining engineer of Chicago, In a report prepared for 
 W. T. Thompson, of Midway, after an examination extending over nearly a 
 year. He said: 
 
 "The basal rocks of the district are quartzites, mica and hydro-mica 
 schists, some clay slates and bands of limestone. 1 have assumed these to be 
 of the Cambrian or pre-Cambrian age. They are highly tilted and altered 
 and extend from just west of Boundary Creek eastward. From this western 
 limit we find more recent, probably Devonian or lower carboniferous lime- 
 stones, and further west again cretaceous sandstones, shales, etc., appear. 
 
 "All these stratified rocks are penetrated and disturbed by an extensive 
 
 series of eruptive rocks of different ages and nature. These Include granite, 
 
 syenite, trachyte, porphyry and diorite. These eruptives are more or lesi 
 
 ■ «atimately connected with almost all the mineral depuslts examined. No 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 vm 
 
 ■yBternatic geological survey has been undertaken he and until It has been 
 It will be Impraetk-able to Interpret the geloglcal evidence IntJll gently 
 o,„ i" '^ Keneral way. however I may say that the granites along boundary 
 Creek seeni to be accompanied by the dry silver and pold ores nhown In Provi- 
 dence and Bkylark Camps, etc., while the diorlte bells running nearly east and 
 west are accompanied by the basic sulphides In considerable bodies along 
 contacts. In this respect the district Is somewhat similar to Trail Creelt 
 although there the dlorltes are found to penetrate the granite rocks rather 
 than the metamorphic series. •«»i"«j« 
 
 "As a whole the ores of Boundary Creek may be classed as gold. They 
 consist largely of mixtures of various Iron sulphide*, with small amounts U 
 copper pyrites, all more or less ai'riferous. There are exceptlo.is. which will 
 
 "In Copper Camp we And an essentially straight copper ore. It consists 
 principally of copper glance In quartz, with more or less red oxide or native 
 copper near the surface. In Deadwood Camp the mosr prominent feature Ij 
 a large body of magnetic Iron (often polarlc). through which Is disseminated 
 auriferous copper pyrites. Passing east over the Boundary Creek valley to 
 Greenwood Camp, we tlnd again largo bodies of magnetite on .lome claims- in 
 Others, at less elevation, (iuart7. accompanied by specular Iron and calclte In 
 each case copper pyrites Is present, with more or less gold. White's Camp 
 and Wellington both show considerable amounts of Iron and copper sulphides 
 golrt-bearhig In all cases. In the north part of the district the L.ong Lake 
 Camp Is found In a gi-anlte and schist belt with radically different ores. Thes* 
 are quartz, carrying free gold at the surface. Below we ttnd sliver glanc«, 
 tellurides of gold and silver, native tellurium, along with blende, and amaU 
 amounts of galena In some of the veins. Again In Providence and Skylark 
 Camps, on both sides of Boundary Creek, quartz veins In the schists or 
 granite or In the contacts, carrying the dry ores of silver, are i. lund; also 
 occasionally small amounts of galena, etc., are present. Graham Camp 
 exhibits purely copper ores; here, however, these are almost entirely copper 
 pyrites Instead of glance, as In the Copper Camp. 
 
 "The great number of claims located within three or four months have 
 been principally on ground in or near the largest of the diorlte belts. The 
 great majority of these are practically as they were found, and I have seen 
 but few of them. There is much ground that has yet never even been walked 
 over; much of it Is covered by dense forest; In many places the 'wash' is 
 heavy, and >et mineral in place continues to be found, whether or not lead 
 ores will be found in any more than the limited quantity shown at present la 
 doubtful, but from what is already seen the district Is essentially one of 
 copper and gold, and in which more or less dry silver ores are incidental." 
 
 Mr. Fowler goes on to discuss the principal claims In detail, and then sum- 
 marizes his facts, as follows: 
 
 "From the foregoing we find: One camp producing copper ore, as sucli« 
 with little precious metal. Again, in and near the Boundary Creek valley, a 
 belt of dry silicious silver-gold ores, carrying practically no copper. East of 
 this many groups ol claims with mixed pyritous ores, containing gold and 
 copper. These In many cases are not In need of preliminary concentration; 
 in others again they are. Roughly speaking, they average 4 to 5 per cent, 
 copper and carry %f. to $3 gold to the unit of copper." 
 
 Prospecting extended gradually eastward from the placers on Rock Creek, 
 which are described In another chapter. L. M. McLarren, of Boundary Falls, 
 worked placers on Boundary Creek In 1884 and In 1885, on a mountain over- 
 looking his home located the Tunnel claim on a two- foot ledge of quartz, 
 carrying Iron sulphurets, gold and galena. He ran a tunnel sixtar feet on it 
 and got various assays, running about |12 gold and 28 ounces swver, in one 
 place finding a little nickel. The lack of transportation caused him to 
 abandon the claim In 1890, but meanwhile in 1887 W. T. Smith had located the 
 Nonsuch on the same mountain and gave the place the name Smith s Camp. 
 On the surface he found three feet of slate, carrying galena, iron, gold and a 
 little gray copper. He has run two tunnels seventy-tlve feet apart, one elpMy 
 feet and the other 200 feet long, giving a depth of 500 feet and showing a ledge 
 of free milling ore two to three feet wide, which on a mlll'iK test jja' a .v^ 
 gold, but at depth changes to iron sulphurets. The Last Chance, the north 
 extension of the Nonsuch, has a shaft about sevnty-flve feet deep showing 
 two to three feet of \con pyrites, with galena near the surface and In places, 
 as depth was gained, carrying native silver in sheets, this ore being worth ae- 
 hlgh as $75. The Republic, a northwest extension of the Nonsuch, had twelve 
 Inches of $40 gold and sliver ore showing In a twenty-foot shaft. These three 
 claims have been incorporated by Mr. Snilth and his partners. . . . 
 
 The Northern Chief, located In 1892 by James Atwood Avowed twelve 
 inches of free milling ore In a ten-foot shaft The Sookane&Grea^^ 
 Mining Company bought it. erected a two-.itamp mill and milled the ore until 
 at forty feet of depth it changed to sulphurets.^ The claim was theij 
 abandoned and the mill removed. , In 1896 J <>hn Winters a"^ others relocat^ 
 it as the Boundary Falls and, sinking the shaft six feet further, ran into $S» 
 free milling <>re. ^ Hecla, J. C. Haas, of Greenwood, and James 
 
 McNlcoI. of MfdwayTrvf sho^n by a twenvy-flve foot tunnel a four-foot 
 
irio 
 
 MININO IN THK PACIKIO NORTHWK.8T. 
 
 l»'<lg€t currying co|iper and Jron pyrlteii and gnlpna, nHHUvinK |3 to $8 fold. 10 to 
 60 ountH'8 Hllver. On the OoU-oiula. a twenty-foot shaft ahowD a niteen-foot 
 lotlK*!. in which the poy ore asHiiyH |3 to |15 gold. 
 
 On the oppoHlte fllde of Houndary Creek the Ruby, owned by Momini. Cook 
 and MiMiihon. haH a forty-foot nhaft with a good Bliowlnir of ore, which has 
 urimiyed as high aB W to $C gold and 23 per cent, copper. The American Boy, 
 adjoining, owned by It. LouIm Hutter. of Spokane, has a ledge isixteen to 
 ■oventeen IniheH wide on which a Hhaft ban been Hunk Beventy-ttve feet. Two 
 or three tooH have bet'n ahlppcd to the amelter and ran about 200 ounces In 
 silver and $ao in gold. 
 
 Traveling up Boundary (reek, one comes next to the section eu.led Provi- 
 dence Camp, which cxtendH from the conllnes of Anaconda northward one 
 mile beyond (Ireenwood and to the crust of the ridge on each side of the 
 canyon, and contains Mmall ledges of very high grade ore. The tlrst discovery 
 was the Providence, made In 1S92, by F. A. Bartholomew, and now owned by 
 the 8i>okane <% Great Northern Mining Company. There is a series of rich 
 streaks of gold-lM-arlng galena, one of which shows twelve to elgl.teen inches 
 thick In a sixty-rtve foot shaft. Several carloads of ore were Hhl.>pe<l to the 
 Tacoma smelter and yielded from f)Vj ounces gold and 2:18 ounces sliver to ^ 
 ounce gold and 43« ounces silver. The same company also owns tho Defiance, 
 the vein on which carries rich suliihldes of silver, and made two shipments In 
 1893, yielding respectively 3S0 and t^'u ounces silver h:icI 1.8 and •< ounces gold. 
 
 The Texas, owned by J. I-. Wiseman and Charles Vanness. of Orand 
 Forks, has three prospect holes on a ledge of pyrltt-s. 8<.> far shown to bo 
 twenty feet against a trup footwall. with the hanging wall not In sight, and 
 traced on the surface lor 800 feet. The ore assaj* from 4 per cent, copper, fl 
 gold and 2 ounces 'liver to ;! per cent, coppt r, $11 gold and 4 ounces silver, and 
 ore has been s'luck carrying native silver. The Master Mason, owned by 
 F. A. and C 10. Bartholomew, ha^* a three-foot ledge of ga.ena and pyrites 
 between wail* of slate and ()uartz.te. A (Ifiy-foot shaft has been sunK with 
 a fourteen-loot drift from the bottom, showing the vein to hold Its width and 
 Improve In quality. It assays $10 to $:18 gold and 75 to 125 ounces sliver. F. A. 
 Bartholomew also owns the Combination, on which there Is a two-foot ledge 
 1 etween slate and tjuartzlte with a six-lnoh pay streak of very rich ore, 
 carrying native silver, galena and free gold, and assaying 100 ounces silver, $25 
 gold. A shaft has been sunk twenty-five feet, showing the native sliver to 
 Increase with depth. 
 
 A parallel ledge runs north and south on the east side of Boundary Creek 
 below Greenwood and two miles on the west side, being cut by the creek. The 
 original location was the Black Bess, by Mr. Dlckman, In 18M, on a twelve- 
 Inch ledge abutting on Anaconda town, and It was relocated In ISiM by A. N 
 Symons and Joseph Wallace, who shlp|>ed eleven tons of unsorted ore. It 
 returne<l IVz ounces gold, 29 our.ces silver and %\^ per cent. lead. Extensions 
 were then located north and south. 
 
 On the .Houth the Capital Prize, owned by Thomas Humphrey, has a shaft 
 six feet deep on a four-foot ledge of galena carrying about $100 gold and 
 sliver. 
 
 The lA^iid Kln.'t. owned by A. N. Symons. has a nine-foot ledge traced for 
 1,000 feet on the surface, the High Kicker, by J. Wilbur, being a south exten- 
 sion. The Coming Man. by Harry Morgan, has Jifteen feet between walla on 
 a parallel lead to the Lead King. 
 
 To the north Is the Mammoth, owned by Fred Dlttmer, who sank a shaft 
 twenty-tlve feet and ran a tunnel thirty feet on a twelve-Inch ledge which 
 assayed 11)7 ounce.s silver and $22 gold. 
 
 On the Dundee, next to the nort)), Robert Wood and James Sutherland 
 have sunk a shaft thlrly-tlve or forty feet on a twelve-Inch ledge of quartz. 
 
 The G. A. R. group of ol^ht claims to the north, on the west of the creek 
 Is owned by the Boundary Creek Mining Company, and are all supposed to 
 be on the same ledge, as they have similar while quartz carrying galena 
 between walls of diorlte and occasionally lime, wherever walls have been 
 found. One claim shows eleven Inches of ge.lena In u twentv-foot shaft and 
 carries $20 gold, 8 ounces sliver. A parallel ledge twenty-five feet Wide 
 has only been uncoverc*! and not assayed, and another ledge ten feet wide. Is 
 undeveloped. On another ledge a shaft is down thirty-five feet showing U 
 four to twelve feet wide, with an eight-Inch pay streak carrying 'galena 
 native silver and free gold. A shipment of four and one-half tons to Tacoma 
 returned about $100 and assays have ranged from $.S0 to $100. Another ledge 
 shows twelve Inches of galena and wire silver In a small shaft, assays ranging 
 from 50 ounces silver and $8 gold upwards. 
 
 The Anaconda, owned by Thomas RlcDonald and W. G. McMynn and the 
 J. A. C, owned by D. A. Holbrook, adjoining the G. A. R.. are both copper 
 properties, carrying gold and stiver, and show surface Indications of a large 
 leflge. 
 
 A tour of the district naturally takes one next to Dendwood Camp two 
 and one-half miles west of Greenwood. The discovery claim was the Mother 
 Lode, one of the greatest in the district, and dates from 1891, being found 
 by William McCormlck. M. K. Ingram, W. 'T. Thompson and W. W O bbs. 
 It has beon bonded through W. T. Thompson, of Midway, to Col. John Weir 
 of New York, who Is now devt loping It. It has a contact ledge between 
 
MININU IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST, 
 
 151 
 
 "wallu of lime and wyonlte, capped with matrnetlc Iron (often polnric), and 
 hu3 betn trac»!U for 1,200 feet and to a width of over 100 foet by croijulnga. 
 The gurface oro uHaayt>d H.M to |1B gold (rarely the latter), but km depth waa 
 attalnid In a l!»<>-f(iot croHB-out, of which IGO feet la In ore, tho maKiulIc Iron 
 gave place to pyrrhotlto richer In gold, and thlH to pyrrhotlte, with quart! 
 and sine blendt^, with Htlll hlKher gold valuets. Uoyond the walla, the aurfhce 
 country rock Ih Hllghtly mInerullBeJ for a width of 000 feet. 
 
 The Crown Silver and Bunaet, on two parallel ledgea of tho aamo^char- 
 •cter, have been bonded by W. W. Qlbba and Jamea Bchotleld to u Montreal 
 syndicate for $16,000. The Bunaet iedge la 760 feet between wuUh of porphyry 
 and quartzlte, and haa been traced fur 400 feet; the Crown Etilvcr haa a crop- 
 ping tifty feet Wide and haa been traced the Mume distance. The Bunaet 
 haa a tunnel In twenty-tlve feet, a ahuft elghtetn feet and an open cut forty 
 fe«t acroaa the vein, all In ore of the aame character, and though the vein 
 hai not been cruaa-cut both walla have been found. The Crown or haa 
 a twelve-foot ahaft and a twenty-foot tunnel, ahowtng u atlU better '^e of 
 ore and well-detined walls. The Sunset ore la copper sulphides aus. ) ag IS 
 to $10 gold and 10 per cent, r^opper. 
 
 The Great Hopes, > )n-ted by J. P. Harlan and others to the Qr> it Hopea 
 Mining Company for $''-{000, haa a vein of arsenical Iron, which >i be "aced 
 for nearly the wl jle l<^ngth of the claim. The ore chute la ►se anu ono- 
 half feet wide, traced for 400 feet and aaaaya an ounce of gotu. Nur^^eror > 
 open cuta have be«n ade, u ahaft Is down twenty-ttvo fuet and a v maei 
 on the vein forty : all showing the aume wlJth and Quality of o;'t The 
 Uem, owned by W. Mctyormick and John Dui:n, who have bon' J ,i naif 
 Interest to '^'arland & Hayes, of Portage la Prairie; the Iron T«i) and Gold 
 Drop, by juiiii Dunn and Samuel Larsen, alao have good showings. 
 
 The Morrison, owned by George T. Crane and others, of fcpokane. has a 
 ledge carrying arsenical Iron and copper pyrites and assaying $6 to |-U o'old 
 and as high as 40 per cent, copper. A shaft has bien sunk aoout lii'ty feet 
 to the ledge showing a large body of ore, but Its width has not bten defined 
 by a croaa-cut. 
 
 The real beginning of the movement Into this district was the discovery 
 •of Copper Camp, three and one-half miles further west than Deadwood along 
 the same road from Greenwood, on the divide between Copper and Ingram 
 Creeks. Locations had been made as early as 1880, but local historians date 
 discoveries from 1887, when George Bowman and George Laysun lound a 
 great contact ledge carrying red oxide of copper, bla"': oxide of copper, 
 some copper carbonates and pyrrhlc oxide of Iron, carrying gold and silver, 
 native copper and copper glance. They located the Blue Bird on it in the 
 following year, but lost It through not doing assessment work, and in 1889 
 Austin Hammer and John Moran located the Copper Mine, includlr.g half 
 the Blue Bird, and William Austin located the Last Chance. Including the 
 other half. The King Solomon Is owned by the Spokane & Great Northern 
 Mining Company. The Last Chance, Enterprise, by T. Humphrey, Kwlng 
 Kelghtley and Scott McRae, and Honolulu are extensions of the King Solo- 
 mon lead; the Yucatan, by George Rlter, on the Copper Mine extension; the 
 Copperopoiis, by Mr. Rlter; the Jumbo, by T. L. Savage; the Cuprite, by 
 Scott McRae and others; the Paramatta, by Robert Burrows, and the Har- 
 otiehla, by Martin Grlftln. All these claims are on the northt^st extension 
 of the Copper Mine lead, tracing it for over 13,000 feet In that tilrecton, 
 while six or seven other claims beyond are supposed extensions southwest 
 from the Copper Mine, and adjoining its south side Is the Last Cnanse. 
 from which the lead extends to the Sycamore, located by Frank Bcauc.iene, 
 other locations stretching miles to the nouthwest. '1 he K.ng Solomon and 
 Copper Queen are on parallel ledges east of the Copper Mhie, and the Copper 
 Bottom, by George Rlter. Is " i the same aide. , ... » , 
 
 The Copper has been houued tor $27,000 to Col. John Weir, of the American 
 
 tal Company, who sa.ik a Hfty-foot shaft In lime on the footwall and a 
 
 ety-foot cross-cut run to the porphyrjr hanging wall, showing '^^"jy* 
 
 Metal 
 
 aeven feet of ore between walls, continually Imi.n "ing with depth 
 
 this ledge are others of similar ore, which can be cross-cut «it a-^ffPt"„ °? 
 over 500 feet frora the bottom of the shaft. Assay.-* show per cent, and 
 upwards In copper. The main ledge Is nowhere Jess than twenty feet wioe, 
 
 flat "to 20" degrees and the cour-^- Is Misi .. T" " „„' K„f -thnsp so far 
 
 the whole ledge are posislble till both walls are shown up, but those so rar 
 obtained run from $5 to $125 gold silver and coPPP';-„„,„,„ .„ .he ea'^t one 
 Returning to Greenwood and climbing the mountain to the east, one 
 comes In tw5 miles io Skylark Camp on the divide between fwhia^^^ 
 Creeks, where large pyrltc a 1. dges are found in '-»»«; ««f^,'''^,''\"^^ 
 The first discovery, made In 1893. was a th>'ee-lnch streak of f ^lena, on wnicn 
 Samuel Bloyer and James Atwood located the fj'y'a'^*^ ^"^^Vl^^LSoo to 1 2W 
 Thomas Wake t he Denver. It widen-d with depth a^^ *1f ^-^Jf^ ^^^ % ^"^ 
 ounces silver i¥> to 4 ounces gold. The S»^>i»'^„;*^^V?"%u/f«et am^ 
 Walters for $5,000. and he lea^d It io others, ^ ho sank fortj-four i<»<^t ana 
 
162 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 made a shipment which returned $158 gold and silver. Then the Spokane ft 
 Great Northern Mining Company took It and shipped sixty-two tons via 
 Mujcus, which yieiaed 1,892 ounces silver, 15 ounces gold per ton, freight 
 being {30. The r .Ine had so far paid for its development, but the ledge belnc 
 broken, it was returned to the owners. They sank seventy-five feet further, 
 structe it agai!i thirty-two inches wi^e and sold to the Lexington Mining 
 Company. It carries gray copper, steel galena, ruby sliver anu about 7 per 
 cent, lead, assaying from 50 to 2,000 ounces silver, |iO to $50 gold. Develop- 
 ment is being continued and shows Increasing value. On the Denver, also 
 sold to the samt^ company, a thirty-foot shaft and a cross-cut showed thirty 
 feet of iron pyrlte, also running through the Skylark. 
 
 The Silver King, owned by Thomas Wake and James Atwood, has several 
 parallel ledges of pyrrhotite with streaks of galena one to four inches wide, 
 and a crcjs-cut fifty feet from the footwall has not reached the hanging 
 wall. Assays of the pyrrhotite show $4.25 to $5.25 gold, besides copper. On 
 the same ledges are the Santa Anna and T. & B. 
 
 The Last Chance, owned by George Cook and Messrs. Reed and Cole, of 
 Spokane, had ^'vo to six Inches of galena on the surface, which widened to 
 twenty-four inches in an eighty-foot shaft. 
 
 The Golcen Crown and Lookout, owned by Richard Watson, both have 
 ten inches of galena, assaying $5 gold and 9 ounces silver, and a ten-foot 
 snaft on the Golden Crown shows it to maintain its width. 
 
 East of the Skylark are the Lulu, Nellie Cotton, Blue Jay, Smuggler, 
 Red Rock and Skyline, all with good surface showings of quartz, carrying 
 $11 gold. The Nellie Cotton has a thirty-foot shaft showing thu ledge thirty 
 inches wide. 
 
 The Crescent, owned by William Dlttmer and Robert Mack, has twelve 
 to eighteen inches of galena, on which there is a twenty-foot shaft. Assays 
 have run from 116 to 1,12(5 ounces silver and $22 to $64 gold. The Mexico, the 
 west extension of the Crescent, owned by Scott McRae and others, has a 
 ten-foot shaft on the same ledge. 
 
 The Nightingale and Mayflower, owned by C. Christy, have a capping of 
 magnetic iron sixty feet wide, which h.\s assayed $8 gold, 7 per ceat. copper 
 and some silver, but only surface orospecting has been done. 
 
 The Trilby, bonded by W. H. Norris and Randolph Stuart to W. Nelson, 
 of Boundary Falls, has a twenty-foot shaft, a twenty-flve-foot cross-cut 
 on the Mayflower extension. 
 
 ,Two and a half miles further east, on the? divide between Llnd and Fourth 
 of July Creeks, is Greenwood Camp, noted for Its ledges of pyritic ore^ equal 
 in size to those of Deadwood. The Stemwlnder, located by Robert Tjrfnxlcr 
 and James Atwood, and sold for $12,000 to the Pyrlte Smelting Company, of 
 Butte, has two parallel ledges, twenty feet and seven or eight feet wide, of 
 iron and copper pyrites, which has given assays ranging from $6 to $t)0 gold, 
 5 to 6 per cent, copper and 1 to 8 ounces sliver. The owners have sunk a 
 double compartment shaft sixty feet between the two ledges, drifted twenty- 
 five feet from that point eastward, cross-cutting the small vein and then 
 sur.jv. They have also sunk a shaft fifty feet on the larger vein. 
 
 On the same ledges are the Gray Eagle, owned by James Scholield and 
 John Steven;:; the Knob Hill, owned by H. P. Palmerston, Henry White, C. 
 J. Lundy, John Stevens, John Hotter and A. B, Jones, of Spokane, who have 
 given a bond for $30,000; the Old Ironsides, recently sold by the Old Ironsides 
 Mining Company for $15,000; the Phoenix, owned by Thomas Tighe, James 
 Schofield and Thomas McDonald; the Montezuma, owned by Ewen Keiglitley. 
 On these claims the ledge shows up fifty to 100 feet wide, and development 
 on a larg6 scale is in progress on the Old Ironsides. On the Montezuma are 
 two shafts, twenty and twelve feet deep respectively, and th^ ledge has 
 been traced to a width of sixty-six feet. Assays show $4 to $38 iold and 11 
 per cent copper. 
 
 The "reatfist development has been done by the Montreal & Vanoouvsr 
 Prospecting & Development Company on the Snowshoe group of three claims, 
 which were bonded for $fi8,50C'. There are three distinct ledges, running 
 nearly north and south, ranging from fifty to 200 feet wide, of Iron and copi>er 
 pyrites, carrying gold and silver, between walls of dlorlte. About 225 feet of 
 development work has been dene, one shaft being down 110 feet another 
 seventy-five feet and a number of prospect holes six to twelve feet, the ledge 
 cropping out 100 feet wide and assaying $6 to $53 gold and 13 per cent, copper. 
 The company ran a number of diamond drill holes, sank shafts forty and 
 seventy-flve feet, and cross-cut fifty to sixty feet from the footwall towards 
 the hanging wall, showing ore which carried $16 to $25 gold, 3 to 10 per cent 
 copper. The cross-cuts showed 122 feet of ore of various grades In the Oold 
 Drop, and some of the diamond drill cores assayed $50 gold. The company 
 took up its bond on this claim and dropped that on the Snowshoe and Mon- 
 arch. The Monarch was bonded to R. E. Brown, of South Africa, who also 
 bought the Tamarack for $4,000 cash and bonded the Dandy for flO.OOO, and 
 is preparing for development. 
 
 Adjoining the Stemwlnder on the west Is the Brooklyn, owned by Joseph 
 Taylor. George Bumberger and Stephen Mangltt, who have cross-cut eighty 
 or ninety feet from the lime footwall, and not yet found the hanging waU. 
 
 West of the Monarch Is the War Eagle, owned by Robert Denzler and 
 
MiNINa IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 in 
 
 
 Thomas Johnson, which Is locally known as the mineral ranch, every atake 
 being in mineral. A shaft has been sunk twenty feet in one ledge of un- 
 known width and an open cut runs across another ledge, which it shows to 
 be twenty-ttve feet wide, with no hanging wall yet discovered. The ore 
 assays $2 to $6 gold and 3 to 11 per cent, copper. 
 
 The Vitoria, owned by John Stevens, adjoins the Old Ironsides on the 
 east, and has a ledge fifty feet wide, on which a shaft is down fifteen feet, 
 and a number of cross-cuts have been made to find the walls. 
 
 To the south of this Is the Etna, owned by George Kumberger, and be- 
 tween the Etna, Monarch and War Eagle is the Missing Link, owned by 
 George Rumberger and Harry Morgan, who have run a cioss-cut on the 
 ledge, but have only one wall. 
 
 In 1895 prospecting was extended up Boundary Creek to Long Lake, one 
 of its sources, by Louis Bosshart, Fred Dittman, C. Thomet and Spencer 
 Benerman, and they discovered a series of gold and silver-bearing ledges on 
 JlQth shores, running northeast and southwest through schists, quartzite and 
 dikes of diorite. The ledges carry iron and copper pyrites and galena, with 
 occasional tellurldes of lead and silver. On the Gold Drop, Messrs. Bossh.iri 
 and Dittmer have sunk twenty feet on three to four feet of ore, giving very 
 high assays. The North Star, on the north extension, owned by Robert 
 Wood and J. W. H. Wood, by C. Thomet, shows a ledge three to five feet 
 in a thirty-flve-foot shaft, assaying from $30 upward, and the shaft has been 
 extended seventy-five feet and a tunnel run 100 feet. Beyond this Is the 
 Oolden Eagle, by Messrs. Benerman and Peterson, and Mr. Benerman has 
 the Silent Friend, in which a small shaft shows thirty inches of $50 ore. The 
 Jewel was located on a parallel ledge by Messrs. Bosshart and Dittmer, who 
 have shown $26 ore in four small shafts, while a lower cropping shows $46 ore. 
 
 On the extension of this ledge are the Anchor, Ethiopia, Robert Emmet 
 and Enterprise fraction, and beyond these is the Dlnero Grande, on which 
 Messrs. McArthur and Shonquest have a five-foot ledge well mintralized, 
 shown in a shaft and cross-cut. The Jewel and Dlnero Grande have been 
 bonded for $60,000 to Leslie Hill, for the British Columbia Prospecting Syndi- 
 cate, who has erected a steam hoist, pump and power drills and is sinking 
 a shaft. 
 
 On the north end of the lake, C. Thomet, Robert Wood and J. W. H. 
 Wood have run a tunnel over 100 feet on a ledge on the Lakeview, which 
 widens to three and one-half feet and carries hessite, native, leafy and wire 
 copoer, surface specimens having assayed $60 gold. 
 
 On the west side of the lake, A. B. Jones, of Spokane, John Powell and 
 Mrs. Robert Wood, of Greenwood, have the Roderick Dhu on two ledges 
 twelve and forty-eight inches wide. On the smaller, a fifty-foot shaft 
 showed galena which assayed $80 gold and 80 ounces silver, and on the wider 
 vein two cross-cuts showed antimonlal silver, somewhat lower In value. 
 On the Samson, Mr. Galloway, of Vancouver, B. C, has two to three feet 
 of ore running $20 in gold 
 
 In traveling from Greenwood to Grand Forks, one comes to Wellington 
 Camp, nine miles from the former place, the characteristic ores being pyrrho- 
 tlte and copper pyrites. The first discovery here was the Oro in 1892 by 
 Joseph Taylor on a three-foot ledge of silver-bearing quartz. Then W. J. 
 Peter and Thomas Russell located the Golden Crown on a ledge of free- 
 milling ore three or foir feet wide, which a sixty-foot shaft and several 
 open cuts show to widen, the ore assaying from $7 to $200 gold, and averaging 
 Seo gold at forty feet ieep. This is under bond to the Golden Crown & 
 Brantford Mining Comr '.ny for $30,000. This company has also bonded the 
 Calumet for $18,000, on which is a twelve-foot ledge carrying pyrrhoilte, assay- 
 ing $4 to $32 gold, besldos copper. ^..^ „,.^ 
 
 The Winnipeg, adjoining the Golden Crown, is owned by Duncan Mcintosh 
 and has a ledge seventeen feet wide, on which shafts have been sunk thirt., - 
 five and sixty fe^-t witli a drift of thirty feet at the fifty-foot level, on ore 
 averaging $50 gold. One shipment of eight tons has been made. The Calumet, 
 adiolning the Winnipeg, is owned by R. F. McCarren and has a twelve-foof 
 ledire carying pyrrhotite, which assays $4 to $32 gold and a little copper. 
 
 On the Keystone group Joseph Taylor has sunk shafts twelve to fifteen 
 fee* and run several cross-cuts, showing sixteen feet from the footwall with 
 no hanging wall in sight, assays running $4 to «5 gold and 5 per cent, copper. 
 On the northf^st extension Taylor & Co. have sunk twenty-five and fourteen 
 f^t on two .tiges assaying $8 gold. John Myer and Daniel McLean have 
 shown a four-foot ledge carrying galena in a twenty-five foot shaft on the 
 Keno, assays running 2 to 3 ounces gold, 45 to 55 ounces silver. John Myer 
 and Ben Burgunder have a ledge of pyrites on the Colorado, where a twenty- 
 foot cross-cut has failed to find either wall, and also have an elghteen-inch 
 atreak of galena assaying $45 gold and silver. On the Buttercup John Farrell 
 has shown eight feet of pyritlc ore in a small shaft and seveiral surface cuts. 
 George Cook Is sinking on the Jim to show up a ledge of oyrltes at least fifty 
 feet wide, assaying 18 to 20 per cent copper and $10 gold, xhe Outburst, owned 
 ^ W A Glover, has a true fissure vein of white quanz about twelve Inches 
 wide, wh'ich assays V, ounce gold 3 per cent, copper and 45 ounces sliver. On 
 exteAslons of this vein are the St. Charles owned by George M. Miller and 
 the St. Jbroeg, by W. A. 01oV#i» and James B. Walker. 
 
164 
 
 MININQ IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 ^ 
 
 In the newer part of Wellington Camp, development has made some of 
 h^ largest and most valuable showings In the district. The most prominent 
 it these has been found by George Coolt on the Jim, which has fifty to 
 seventy-five feet of solid ore In a contact between Ume and diorlte. The 
 surface ore is pyrrhotite and chalcopyrlte, carrying large gold and copper 
 values, which Increase with depth. Mr. Cook is actively developing. 
 
 On the divide between Single and Douglas Creeks, nine miles from Grand 
 Forks and five miles from Midway and extending to the boundary, is White's, 
 or Central, Camp, of which the ores are mainly high grade gold and silver. 
 James Atwood made the first discovery on the Lexington, now owned by 
 Joseph Taylor and others, and on the City of Parts. On the former a 100-foot 
 cross-cut, giving a depth of 100 feet, has been run to tap an eight-foot ledge 
 of pyrites between walls of dolomite and serpentine, assays of which show 
 ^26 gold, 12 ounces silver, 6 per cent, copper. 
 
 The City of Paris, bonded by an English company, has a parallel ledge,^ 
 shown to a width of sixteen feet by a flfty-slx foot shaft and several cross- 
 cuts, assays running $18 gold, 5 to 20 ounces silver, 7% per cent, copper. The- 
 City of Lincoln, bonded by the same company, has an eight-foot ledge tapped 
 by a 100-foot cross-cut, a shaft seventy feet and a tunnel 150 feet, and a ship- 
 ment of a few tons to the Omaha smelter returned $21 gold, 3 ounces silver, 8 
 per cent, copper. A small shaft anrl some surface cuts have shown a ten-foot 
 ledge carrying pyrites on the No. 4, owned by H. P. Pelmerston and Henry 
 White, assays showing $12 gold and 8 per cent, copper. The Gold Dollar, 
 owned by James Atwood and John Douglas, has a ledge of white quartz four 
 to twelve Inches wide, carrying free gold, between walls of dlorite and blue 
 lime. Considerable work has been done during the winter and has made a 
 good showing. Assays run all the way from $10 to $300. 
 
 The Mabel has three shafts down on what are supposed to be three distinct 
 ledges of free milling and copper sulphuret ore, showing ore in two of them 
 which carries $40 to $100 gold and 5 ounces silver, and In tha third from $!(► 
 upwards In gold and 5 to 300 ounces silver. The Oro, the south extension of 
 the Mabel, has had much development done, showing good gold values and 
 rapidly Increasing copper value In an easily mined gangue. 
 
 Col. John Weir, representing the American Metal Company, has been 
 vigorously pushing work on the No. 7 group of three claims, which have two 
 parallel ledges running their full length and carrying gray copper and galena. 
 One of th;fse is two feet wide on the surface and a continuous ore chute aas 
 been traced in the cropplngs for 800 feet. A shaft has been sunk 150 feet 
 showing ore which steadily improved in quality and quantity as depth wa» 
 gained and a 200-foot drift at the 150-foot level Is In ore the whole distance, 
 assaying about $80 gold, 75 ounces silver. A cross-cut is being run from the 
 shaft to tap the parallo) six-foot ledge, in which shafts twenty and thirty feet 
 have shown even richer ore. This property, which cost $20,000, now has over 
 $70,000 worth of ore in si,?ht. 
 
 On the New York, owned by Douglas & Co., thi3 ledge is shown up in 200' 
 feet of tunnel and shaft. 
 
 On the Jack of Spades group of three claims, a French company repre- 
 sented by M. Gire has a lodge at least fifteen feet wide with neither wall 
 shown in two thirty-foot shafts. The ore carries streaks of gray copper 
 assaying $60 gold, besides silver, and development is showing a fine body of 
 ore. A tlvo-foot ledge containing similar ore shows in a thirty-two foot 
 tunnel and u thirty-foot sliaft, a small shipment having returned $300 gold, 
 i ounces silver. 
 
 The Golden Rod, which has lu-en sold to the Pyrlte Smelting Company, 
 shows a large body of pyritos and gray copper ore in an eighty-foot shaft 
 and a seventy-foot drift. 
 
 The Cornucovna has a strong iron-capped ledge plainly traceable for 70* 
 feet, on which a forty- foot shaft shows a strong body of mineral. 
 
 An evidence of his faith In this camp la the fact that Prof. Fowler haB 
 bought the Norfolk and No. 9. adjoining the No. 7, for spot cash. 
 
 On the divide between FLsherman and Eholt Creeks, three miles north of 
 Greenwood, W. A. Corbett U\ 1801 discovered two parallel ledges of pyrites 
 twelve and fifty feet wide, en which he located the Oro Dinoro and thus 
 founded Summit Camp, lie sank a shaft Itftcon feet and made a cross-cut 
 sixty feet. Hhowing lar^e bodies of copper sulphurets which average $10 gold 
 and 12 per cent, copjier. John M. Burke has bought this claim for $30,000 and 
 is sinlcing on the led>.'e, showing richer ore with depth. 
 
 On these ledges also the Pyrite Smelling Company owns the Kmma. on 
 which H >l)aft Is own over HiO feet, with cross-cuts of thirty feet each at the 
 fifty and one hundred- foot levels. 
 
 Adjoining the Oro Dinoro, John H. Manly and C. A. Cummings, of Grand 
 Forks, and 10. W. .lohnslon, of Seattle, have the Mary L.. on which they 
 have stripped a forty-foot ledge assaying $12 gold on the surface. On the 
 Mountain Pose tlM» Pyrite Smelting (Company has a parallel lodge, of which 
 the walls did not appear in a thirty-fool cross-cut. 
 
 The R. Boll group of three claims, bought by J. K. Bamberger, of Salt 
 Lake, has an eighty-foot shaft showing six feet between wells, with $80 ore 
 and inoreepipg value. ''-1?^. Adams, of Montreal, has stunk thirty feet on a 
 forty-foot ledge on the Cordick, siiowing up ore worth $46 gold, besldep silver 
 
i *• * •',. 
 
 -^'^'•mimAlf^iilS^m^m^^ 
 
MmSa^ 
 
 THt PACIFIC NOBTKWE8T 
 
 . ii . iiii>w)ii M iii n wiiiii n ij f iiiii y. w 
 
.J 
 
 m o i m ii *m ' ^*}ii > *im 
 
 mm 
 
Index to Numbered Claims, 
 
 \ 
 
 Skylark Camp. 
 
 1. Dundee. 
 2. Dandy. 
 
 3. Mammoth. 
 
 4. Nightingale. 
 
 5. Alhambra. 
 
 6. Tipton. 
 
 7. Helen. 
 
 «. Capital Prize. 
 
 9. Big Deluth. 
 
 10. TrTlby. 
 
 11. Maple Leaf. 
 
 12. Coming Man. 
 
 13. OlympTa. 
 
 14. Livingstone. 
 
 15. High Kicker. 
 
 16. Jim Crow. 
 
 17. Vancouver. 
 
 18. Lead King. 
 
 19. Iron Gold. 
 
 20. Clover. 
 
 21. Vera, 
 
 22. Herbert Spencer. 
 
 23. Mt. Elgin. 
 
 24. Independent. 
 
 25. Ruby. 
 
 26. American Boy. 
 
 27. Sue. 
 
 Central Cantp. 
 
 1. Copper Star. 
 
 2. Snow Drop. 
 
 3. Deer Trail. 
 |. Gold Dollar. 
 5. Stanly. 
 
 «. Minto. 
 
 7. Boston. 
 
 8. Stanton. 
 
 9. Mabel. 
 
 10. Souvenir. 
 
 11. New York. 
 
 12. No. 7. 
 
 13. Rob Roy. 
 
 14. Cornucopia. 
 
 15. Oro. 
 
 16. Falcon. 
 
 17. Gold Rod. 
 
 18. Puyallup. 
 
 19. St. Lawrence. 
 
 21. Excelsior. 
 
 22. Jack of Spades. 
 
 23. Queen of Spades. 
 
 25. City of London. 
 
 26. City of Paris. 
 
 27. Lemingto^. 
 
 28. Martin. 
 
 29. No. 4. 
 
 30. Lincoln. 
 
 31. Cuba. 
 
 32. St. Maurice. 
 
 33. Orphan. 
 
 Providence Caiap.. 
 
 1. Big Window. 
 
 2. Combination. 
 
 3. Texas. 
 
 4. May Scott. 
 
 5. Master Mason. 
 
 6. Twin Brothers. 
 
 7. Elk Horn. 
 
 8. Providence. 
 
 9. S. P. 
 
 10. L. B. 
 
 11. Uncle Sam. 
 
 12. San Bernard. 
 
 13. Defiance. 
 
 14. La Cruz. 
 IB. Swiss Boy. 
 
 16. Lake. 
 
 17. Crescent. 
 28. Key Stone. 
 
 19. Last Chance. 
 
 20. Old Mexico. 
 
 21. Mountain View. 
 
 22. Silver Cloud. 
 
 23. Premier. 
 
 24. Chancellor. 
 
 25. Hope No. 2. 
 
 26. Silver King. 
 
 27. Denver. 
 
 28. Morning Star. 
 
 29. Iron Duke. 
 
 30. Skylark. 
 
 31. Santa Anna. 
 
 32. Meadow Lark. 
 S3. Ottawa. 
 
 34. T. & B. 
 
 35. Climax. 
 
 36. Prince Albert. 
 
 37. Contract. 
 
 38. St. Genevieve. 
 
 39. Holyoke. 
 
 40. Monteiiuma. 
 
 41. Brooklyn. 
 Ala. Standard. 
 
 42. Stem-winder. 
 
 43. Idaho. 
 
 44. Phoenix. 
 
 45. Old Ironsides. 
 
 46. Victoria. 
 
 47. Fourth Cft July. 
 
 48. Nugget, 
 
 49. Knob HlU. 
 60. Aetna. 
 
 51. Gold Drop. 
 
 52. Snow Shoe. 
 
 63. Pheasant. 
 
 64. Gray Sjagle. 
 55. "War ESaKle. 
 66. Monarch. 
 
 B7. Rawhide. 
 
 58. Curlew. 
 
 59. Tamarack. 
 
 Deadvrood Camp. 
 
 4. Sunset No. 2. 
 
 5. Monster. 
 
 6. Washington. 
 
 7. White Star. 
 
 8. Christmas. 
 
 9. Klldee. 
 
 10. Kootenay. 
 
 11. Anaconda. 
 
 12. Sentinel. 
 
 13. Lancaster. 
 
 14. Columbia. 
 
 15. Anaconda No. 2. 
 
 16. G. A. R. 
 
 17. EafflP. 
 
 17a. Marguerite. 
 
 18. Last Chance. 
 
 19. Plutonlon. 
 
 20. Great Hopp.^. 
 
 21. ButtP City. 
 
 22. Greyhoimd. 
 
 23. C. E R. 
 
 24. D. A. 
 
 25. Gold Bus:. 
 
 ?fi. Lfttle Britan. 
 -7. Decembpr. 
 28. Big Ledge. 
 28a. O. B. 
 1?0. Fred T> 
 
 30. C. O. D 
 
 31. Mother Lode. 
 
 32. Crown Silver, 
 
 33. Sunset. 
 
 34. Hidden Treasure. 
 
 35. Principal. 
 
 36. B. C. Central. 
 
 37. Primrose. 
 
 38. Morrison. 
 
 39. Gold Bug. 
 
 40. Gem. 
 
 41. Spotted Horse. 
 
 Summit Camp. 
 
 1. Body. 
 
 2. Chlckaman. 
 
 3. Horaestake No. 2. 
 
 4. 21. 
 
 5. Advance. 
 
 6. Minnie Moor. 
 
 7. Brayfogle. 
 
 8. Red Girl. 
 
 9. Copper Queen. 
 
 10. Jumbo. - 
 
 11. Mountain Rose. 
 
 12. Idaho Trinket. 
 
 13. Swamp Angei. 
 
 14. Homestake. 
 16. Emma. 
 
 16. Aspen. 
 
 17. Silver Plume. 
 
 18. Oro Denoro. 
 
 19. Mattie Davis. 
 
 20. Lancashirei Lass. 
 
 21. Last. 
 
 22. Iron Dollar. 
 
 23. Prens. 
 
 24. Goldfinch. 
 
 25. Topeka. 
 
 26. Gibraltar. 
 
 27. Park. 
 
 28. 85. • . 
 
 29. Mammoth. 
 
 30. Blue Eell. 
 
 31. LansinjT. 
 
 32. Klma. 
 
 33. Shaw. 
 
 34. 34. 
 
 35. Maple Leaf. 
 
 36. Remington. 
 
 37. Duplicate. 
 
 38. Cordick. 
 
 39. Erwall. 
 
 40. Jennie Dean. 
 
 41. Redcoat. 
 
 42. R. Bell. 
 
 43. Red Mountain. 
 
 44. Piastre. 
 
 45. Stanly. 
 
 46. Boulder. 
 
 47. Mountain View. 
 
 48. Ingersol. 
 
 49. Cumberland. 
 ."jO. Alexandria. 
 51. Elsie. 
 
 BTana Camp. 
 
 1. Black Tartar. 
 
 2. Ontario B05. 
 
 3. Gibraltar. 
 
 4. Horse Fly. 
 
 5. Path-Finder. 
 
 6. Era. 
 
 7. Standard. 
 
 S. Wellington. 
 9. Lost Horse. 
 
 10. Q. 
 
 11. Tiger. 
 
 12. Standard Extension. 
 1.?. Pumpkin Seed. 
 
 14. Nellie. 
 
 Greenweoil Camp. 
 
 1. Uncle Tom. 
 
 2. The Dumphy. 
 
 8. Mineral Hill. 
 
 4. Jumbo. • 
 
 R. Golden Star, 
 fi. Jim M. 
 7. Big e. 
 
 !>. Remlnerator. 
 
 a. Hard Cash. 
 
 10. Golden Crowi 
 
 11. Beaver. 
 
 12. Wellington. 
 
 13. Hill-Top. 
 
 14. Hecla. 
 
 la. Winnipeg. 
 15a. Calumet. 
 
 16. Davenpoit. 
 
 17. Iron Clad. 
 
 18. Dlorlte. 
 
 19. Monday. 
 
 20. Iron Chief. 
 LI. Rabbit Paw. 
 ^. Algiers. 
 
 23. Iron Sheet. 
 
 i4. McKlnney. 
 
 25. Broken Hill. 
 
 £6. Famous. 
 
 27. Krlh. 
 
 2S. Valley. 
 
 20. Orphans Home 
 
 30. Blue Grouse. 
 
 31. Fool Hen. 
 
 Welliugrton Cai 
 
 1. Vancouver. 
 
 2. Columbia. 
 
 i<. Little Giant. 
 4. Silver Wave. 
 6. Keno. 
 
 b. Montana. 
 V. Keystone. 
 
 8. Ophlr. 
 
 9. Oro. 
 
 10. The Queen. 
 
 U. Jim. 
 
 12. Union. 
 
 ].*?. Prince Albert. 
 
 14. Lone Star. 
 
 15. Emma. 
 
 16. Crown Point. 
 
 Nortli Fork Casi 
 
 1. Wolford. 
 
 2. Fawn. 
 
 3. Trapper, 
 
 4. Tiptop. 
 
 5. Iron Mountain. 
 
 6. Sunset. 
 
 7. Stray Colt. 
 
 8. Pilgrim. 
 
 9. Mt. Monarch. 
 
 10. Belle of Ottaws 
 
 11. Winchester. 
 
 12. Spokane. 
 
 13. Beetle. 
 
 14. Lee Metford. 
 Ih. Rouge-et-Noir. 
 1«. Btitte. 
 
 17. Tacoma, 
 
 18. Seattle. 
 
 19. Standard No. 2. 
 
 20. Bismarck. 
 
 21. Golden Butterfl 
 
 22. I. X. L. 
 2et. Montana. 
 24, Everett. 
 
 15. Drum., Lummon 
 28. Iron Horse. 
 
 27. Wellington Sq. 
 
 28. Snow Bird. 
 
 29. Morning Star. 
 
 30. Webfoot. 
 
 31. River Blbow. 
 31 a. Glasgow. 
 
 32. Granite MoUnta 
 
 33. Grub Stake. 
 
 34. September. 
 36. Bijou. 
 
^ 
 
 laims, Map of Boundary Cfeek. 
 
 8. Rerainerator. 
 a. Hard Cash, 
 lu. tiolden Crown. 
 
 11. Beaver. 
 
 12. Wellington. 
 
 13. HIIl-Top. 
 
 14. Hecla. 
 
 15. Winnipeg. 
 15a. Calumet. 
 
 16. Davenpoit. 
 
 17. Iron Clad. 
 
 18. Diorlte. 
 
 19. Monday. 
 
 20. Iron Chief. 
 II. Rabbit Paw. 
 i2. Algiers. 
 
 23. Iron Sheet. 
 'tA. McKlnney. 
 2b. Broken Hill. 
 
 26. Famous. 
 
 27. Krih. 
 2S. Valley. 
 
 2'J. Orphans Home. 
 
 30. Blue Grouse. 
 
 31. Fool Hen. 
 
 Welliuarton Camp. 
 
 1. Vancouver. 
 
 2. Columbia. 
 
 \. Little Giant. 
 4. Sliver Wave. 
 
 6. Keno. 
 b. Montana. 
 V. Keystone. 
 
 8. Ophlr. 
 
 9. Oro. 
 
 10. The Queen. 
 
 11. Jim. 
 
 12. Union. 
 
 13. Prince Albert. 
 
 14. Lone Star. 
 
 15. Emma. 
 
 16. Crown Point. 
 
 Nortfa Fork Camp. 
 
 1. Wolford. 
 
 2. Fawn. 
 
 3. Trapper. 
 
 4. Tiptop, 
 
 5. Iron Mountain. 
 
 6. Sunset. 
 
 7. Stray Colt. 
 
 8. Pilgrim. 
 
 9. Mt. Monarch. 
 
 10. Belle of Ottawa. 
 
 11. Wlnche.ster. 
 
 12. Spokane. 
 
 13. Beetle, 
 
 14. Lee Metford, 
 1.^. Rouge-et-Noir. 
 18. Butte. 
 
 17. Tacomd, 
 
 18. Seattle. 
 
 19. Standard No. 2. 
 
 20. Bismarck. 
 
 21. Golden Butterfly. 
 
 22. I. X. li. 
 2o. Montana, 
 24. Everett. 
 
 ^. Drum., Lummond. 
 
 26. Iron Horse. 
 
 27. Wellington Sq. 
 
 28. Snow Bird. 
 ^. Morning Star. 
 
 30. Webfoot. 
 
 31. River Blbow. 
 31 a. Glasgow, 
 
 32. Granite' Mountain 
 
 33. Grub Stake. 
 
 34. September. 
 36. Bijou. 
 
 36. Morning. 
 
 37. Rattler. 
 
 38. Log Cabin. 
 
 39. Free Coinage. 
 
 40. Galena. , 
 
 41. Coin. '^ 
 
 Lonjc Luke Camp. 
 
 1. Mountain View. 
 
 2. Cumberland, 
 
 3. Amand. 
 
 4. Alice, 
 
 5. Robin. 
 
 6. Lydia, 
 
 7. La Belle. 
 
 8. Mammoth. 
 
 9. La Belle. 
 
 10. Iron Mask. 
 
 11. Magnet. 
 
 12. Queen Bess. 
 
 13. Snow Slide. 
 
 14. Trade Dollar, 
 16, Pauper, 
 
 16, C. O, D, 
 
 17, Lion. 
 
 18, Monarch. 
 
 19, Beatrice. 
 
 20, Roderick Dhu. 
 
 21, Uncle. 
 
 22, Lake View, 
 %^. RLsIng Sun. 
 
 24. Lady of the Lake. 
 
 25. Agnes, 
 
 26. Electilc 
 
 27. Sabbath Day, 
 
 28. Abnor, 
 
 29. Sansoa, : j 
 
 30. Mortimer. ' 
 
 31. The Smller. 
 
 32. Black Diamond, 
 •>3. Mazie. 
 
 34. Gold Dust, 
 
 35. Silent Friend. 
 
 36. Portuna, 
 
 37- «ol<J^Condy, 
 38. Maud S, 
 
 2n l^ospector's D'm. 
 
 40. Idaho. 
 
 41. Black Prince. 
 
 42. Last Chance. 
 
 43. Boulder. 
 
 44. Fisher. 
 
 45. Lakeside Fract'n. 
 
 46. ^.obert Emmet. 
 4<. Idaho, 
 
 48. Ethiopia. 
 
 49. Golden Eagle, 
 
 50. North Star" 
 
 51. Anchor, 
 
 52. Gold Drop. 
 
 53. Enterprise, 
 54> La-jira. 
 
 55. Jewel, 
 
 56. Denero Grand, ; 
 
 57. Cleopatra. I 
 
 58. Nap. Bonaparte. ' 
 
 59. The Boys. I 
 ^. Twin Mountain. \ 
 61. Great Lacey. 
 
 62* Fisher, I 
 
 nrovvn'd. Camp, I 
 
 1. Yale. \ 
 
 2. Amazon. i 
 
 3. Bunch Grass. j 
 
 4. Blue Monday, ! 
 
 5. Original, 
 
 6. Mona, 
 
 7. Daisy. 
 
 8. Strawberry. 
 
 9. Buckeye. 
 
 rale."!. 
 
 10 a. Little Maggie, 
 
 10. The Oriental: 
 
 11. Thursday, 
 
 12. LitUe Gem. 
 12 a, Jenny May. 
 
 13. Wolverine. 
 
 14. Bay State. 
 
 15. The Chief. 
 
 16. Hoosier. 
 
 17. Western Star. 
 
 18. Sailor Boy. 
 
 19. Robinson Crusoe. 
 
 20. Echo. 
 
 21. Mary L. 
 
 22. O, K. 
 
 a. Humming Bird. 
 
 24. Black Bear. 
 
 25. Acorn. 
 
 26. Rismg Sun. 
 
 27. Gem. 
 
 27 a. North Star. 
 
 28. Netta. 
 
 29. Acme. 
 
 30. Hilda. 
 
 31. Bertha. 
 
 32. Highland Chief. 
 
 33. Cock Robin. 
 
 34. Black Monday, 
 55, Trilby, 
 
 36, Dandy, 
 
 37, Marjorie, 
 
 38, Francis. 
 
 33 a. King Bird. 
 
 40. Criterion. 
 
 42. Le Rol. 
 
 43. Surnmit. 
 ^1 Volcanic. 
 40. Prince of 
 
 46. Iron Cap. 
 
 47. Jumbo, 
 
 48. Moss Rose. 
 
 49. Red' Rose, 
 
 CnrBon Camp. 
 
 1. Alhambra. 
 
 2. St, Charles, 
 
 3. The Copper, 
 
 4. Canyon, 
 
 5. Copper Girt, 
 
 6. Eagle. 
 
 7. May Queen, 
 A- i;^*' Over. 
 9. Slocan. 
 
 }?• Last Chance. 
 
 12. Gladstone. 
 
 13. The E, E. 
 
 14. Yankee Boy. 
 
 }\' l^?^*^ee Q»rl. 
 16. Birdina. 
 
 18, Bunch Grass. 
 
 19, Possum. 
 
 a: coSS.'"''^'^'' ^"'^"^• 
 
 22. Park. 
 
 Grnna Forks 
 Camp. 
 
 1. L4vlta. 
 2- Boneta. 
 f Coolc. 
 
 4. Dolly. 
 
 5. Vermont. 
 
 6. Daisy. 
 
 7. Iron Chief. 
 
 8. Sunny Side. 
 
 9. Mammoth. 
 10. Mountain View, 
 
 11. Yellow Metal, 
 g; |^"^-«g* Nellie. 
 
 14. !Sarat(»a. 
 Jf- fron King. 
 
 16. Lily. 
 
 17. Double Standard. 
 
 18. Bonanza Lode. 
 
 19. Sovereign 
 
 20. Silver Con. 
 
 21. Riverside. 
 
 22. Lincoln. 
 
 23. Stanford. 
 
 24. CelUc. 
 ^. Grand Forks. 
 2f- Grey Eagle, 
 27, Whalebaok, 
 ^. L tue Bell, 
 ^. Blue and Gray. 
 
 30, Ja«k Knife, 
 
 31, Montana. 
 
 Copper Camp. 
 
 \' St?.- Jonathan. 
 
 2. MUbum. 
 
 3. The Sydney. 
 
 4. Dinner Bucket, 
 n. Paramatta. 
 «, Virginia. 
 
 7, Harqua Halo. 
 
 8, Curita, 
 
 9, Lucy. 
 
 10. Calumet. 
 
 11. Jumbo. 
 
 12. Cppperopolis. 
 
 13. Honduras. 
 \i' i^catan. 
 
 16. Enterprise. 
 tS* ^PPe*" King. 
 
 17. White HorsI, 
 10 S.°PPer Mine, 
 19. ^n^^ Solomon. 
 
 21. Last Chance 
 **• Sycamore. 
 ». Honolulu, 
 p. Copper Queen, 
 
 25, Can iSarez, 
 
 26, Treasurer. 
 
 27, Winning Card. 
 
 Graham Camp. 
 
 3. Potter I»alraer. 
 
 4. Virginia. 
 0- Texas. 
 
 6, Boston. 
 
 7, Bovine. 
 
 8, Laldlaw. 
 8. Bruce. 
 
 '"• Magnetite. 
 
 H. Will-o-the-Wisp. 
 
 Shnlth's Camp. 
 
 1. Magnltlte. 
 
 2, GrizBly Bear. 
 •]• ]va Lenore, 
 
 K lJJ^?y°S General; 
 6. Highland Queen. 
 6. Great Hesper. 
 '• Hecla. 
 
 a J^i Chance. 
 9. GoM Bed. 
 
 10. RepubUo. 
 
 11, Non-«uoh. 
 
 ii' M.***"*®^ Treasuri!. 
 
 13. Tunnel. 
 
 14. Mountain Chief, 
 
 .Ifev 
 
. * 
 
 f.- . 
 a 
 
 t 
 
 ' I 
 
 
 , ^ f.* i«^ *-i — J V-'.K^^-f ."^ 
 
 %\ 
 
 -W 
 
 
 *MWf 
 
 V 
 
 
 ?S.5 
 
 .-»>.■ 
 
 ■•:::^;>NS,ft-ii; 
 
 Mm 
 
 
 2 
 
 and coppex'. ' 
 has parallel lei 
 twenty-flve fe< 
 ounces silver. 
 
 On Ingrain 
 ary, Joseph "V 
 Camp. The 
 bornite and ch 
 the west side < 
 eight claims, < 
 and has done i 
 copper and Is 
 mountain Mr. 
 orte in several j 
 
 Since June, 
 the mouth of 
 Lake, some fli 
 gold, having 1 
 Adirondack sh< 
 suts showed es 
 showing has bi 
 and on other c 
 Winter. 
 
 Another ne 
 Kettle River t 
 In July, 1896. J 
 wide and tracs 
 from 60 to 600 
 making similai 
 British Columt 
 
 On the mou 
 south to join til 
 ore which ecllp 
 cannot be even 
 
 This distric 
 Railroad to Ms 
 Forks, forty-fl^ 
 nm^ty-on^ mii< 
 Poel River to c 
 River to Grand 
 by the Canadis 
 tttlles, steamer 
 tty drand Fork 
 River almost ti 
 over that line. 
 
 The greates 
 miles above Gi 
 and towering a 
 a tfreat red Iro 
 mfies down the 
 eut by dikes ol 
 this peak R. A 
 and Iron Cap c 
 bat five years 1 
 has made eevei 
 long cross-cut ( 
 penetrated 345 t 
 ■eodme Interest 
 Klels Larsen. 
 pings and last f 
 df <Chi(t»go capi 
 develop the pre 
 dvApfflngs all ai 
 that they feel 
 ciamtraction of 
 three great ore 
 and the value o 
 
 On the othei 
 Mr. Brown has 
 a(M>we up*600 tei 
 
 The suppose 
 nMMe i>t> Kettte 
 
 m 
 
mmmmmm 
 
 mmr 
 
 1 
 
 MININO IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 m 
 
 and copper. The Swamp Angel, owned by Robert Taylor and Carson Maolv. 
 has parallel ledges forty and eight feet, on the latter of which a shaft Isd^ 
 i!r2I?*y"".y® '®®'' showing up ore carrying |e.y& gold, 5 to 6 per cent. coppepTi 
 oanees silver. *^*^ ' 
 
 On Ingrani Mountain, three miles west of Midway and close to the boun*- 
 aiy. Joseph Wallace in 1834 found copper deposits and created Graham's 
 Camp. The ledges are gash veins In motamorphlc rooks and carfr 
 bprnite and chalcoclte In bunches, besides being mineralized throughout. Cto 
 the west side of the mountain E. S. Graham has the Potter Palmer group of 
 eight claims, on one of which he has opened a small vein with two tunnelB 
 and has done some prospecting with diamond drills. The ore is very high In 
 copper and is worth about 1175. On the Bruce claim on the east side of th« 
 iQountain Mr. Wallace has a large deposit of copper pyrites showing good 
 ore In several places, which averages 10 per cent, copper and a little. gold. 
 
 Since June, 1896; Klmberly Camp has been established sixteen miles alMre 
 the mouth of Boundary Creek, on the ridge between that stream and l^a 
 IMM, some fine showings of chalcopyrlte and pyrrhotlte, carrying |3 to ^60 
 gold, having been made. A shaft on one of two parallel ledges op the 
 Adirondack showed six feet of clean ore and no footwall, while several cross- 
 3Uts showed each ledge from ten to fourteen feet wide of solid ore. A similar 
 showing has been made on the Big Pour on the other side of Boundary Creek 
 and on other claims, work aavlng generally been prosecuted throughout tlw 
 Winter. 
 
 Another new camp Is the Crown Point, on James Creek, seven miles up 
 Kettle River from Rock Creek, where the Crown Point was discovered late 
 In July, 1896. An ore chute of galena and iron pyrites twenty to flfty^flve feet 
 wide and tracsd for 200 feet in length has been discovered, the value. ];ahging 
 from 60 to 600 ounces silver and $4 to $7 gold. This claim, with two otSers 
 making similar showings, has been bonded to the Prospecting Syndicate of 
 British Columbia, which is about to develop them. 
 
 NOKTH KETTLE BIVER. 
 
 On the mountains at each side of the North Kettle River, which flows due 
 south to join the main stream at Grand Porks, are a series of ledges of pyritic 
 ore which eclipse even those of Greenwood and Deadwool Camps, and which 
 cannot be even prospected without the resources of a capitalist. 
 
 ThiH district Is reached from Spokane by the Spokane Falls & Northern 
 Railroad to Marcus, 102 miles, or Bossburg, 110 miles, and by stage to Qrasd 
 Forks, forty-five miles; or by the Central Washington Railroad to WlllNUr, 
 ntli^ty-one miles, and by a wagon road now under construction up the Sftnfe 
 Poel River to connect with that already built down Curlew Creek and KetlSe 
 River to Grand Porks, about eighty-six miles. From the west, it is reacheA 
 by the Canadian Pacific Railroad from Vancouver to Okanogan Xianding, 3tt 
 tttiles, steamer down Okanogan Lake to Pentlcton, eighty miles, and etaae 
 iuy Grand Forks, 110 miles. Trails lead up both banks of the North Kettle 
 River almost to the headwaters and the wagon road is now being extended 
 over that line. 
 
 The greatest showing In this district is on Volcanic Mountain, twelve 
 miles above Grand Forks, a peak jutting out Into the valley from the east 
 and towering abruptly 1,500 feet above the river. The summit of this peak to 
 a gVeat red Iron cap, which makes it a clearly distinguishable landmark Mr 
 mfles down the valley. Around the sides, below this cap, the pyrites crops, 
 eut by dikes of blue lime and bounded by walls of trap and porphyry. On 
 this peak R. A. Brown, locally known as "Crazy" Brown, has the Volcanlto 
 and Iron Cap claims. The discovery was made in 1884 by ^ames McConnell, 
 but five years later the claims came into the possession of Mr. Brown. He 
 has made several deals at different times and has continuously worked on a 
 kmg cross-cut tunnel to tap the ore bodies at a depth of 1,300 feet. This hfcd 
 penetrated 345 feet when he and R. L. Causton, of Keremeos, B. C, who hao 
 Become interested with him, leased the property in 1896 to Edward Blewett and 
 Kleis Larsen. They have done a large amount of prospecting on the crop- 
 plngs and last summer joined with Messrs. Brown and Causton and a number 
 d(«Chidago capitalists in organizing the Olive Mining & Smelting Company t« 
 develop the property. They have made a number of prospect holes on tee 
 &t4pfflngn all around the mountain and showh up the ore in such quantltlM 
 trhat they feel justified In erecting a smelter on the grpund . whenever tne 
 (*«Btructlon of a railroad makes it practicable. , Mr, Larsen savB there are 
 three great ore chutes runnlg through the mountain, one of them 600 feet wiae, 
 and the value of the ore Is about $13 in gold, silver and copper. 
 
 On the other side of the canyon, two and one-half miles to the southwest, 
 Mr. Brown has the Wolverine, on which he says one of the Volcanic ledges 
 8lM>WB up*600 feet wide In places. . ^ , »«-^ 
 
 The supposed extension of the Volcanic ledge has been located for IWr^ 
 doe up Kettle River. The Thirty-one, owned by Robert Burrows, is o» » 
 
 n»tt<w up 
 
 m 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWBJaX. 
 
 MBftll spur running from Volcanic Mountain, and has a ledge fifteen tu twenty 
 flMt wtde. wlileli han beoii utrlpped. Thon come the Dandy Marlorle. Blaok 
 Monday, Cock Itobln, Highland Chief, owned by John Fox, Bhowlng Blllcates 
 of copper; the Bertha, owned by O. C. Qunderson, Fred Farquhar MMl 
 WlUfam Ketchum. 
 
 Tt> the southwest of the Iron Cap about three miles Is the Seattle, owned 
 Inr itobert Clark, a former Seattle bricklayer, who has bonded it to a corpora- 
 tton organized by Charlen A. Cummlngs and John H. Manly, of Orand Forks. 
 It baa a surface showing 200 to 300 feet wido, which has been traced for 1,200 
 ftet. Assays have given all the way from ll.SO copper and a trace of gold up 
 to $20 gold and 5U i>er cent, copper, from two feet below the surface. The 
 ■ew company is nlnking a shaft on each wall to define the ledge and the 
 er» Is showing up well. 
 
 Tt;^ north ektension of the Seattle la the Accidental, owned by SJ. W. 
 JMknsiOO, of 9ee*^tle, Qeorge P. Mims, of Grand Forks, and Mrs. Robert Clark, 
 mwtA beHeve \ to be an extension of the Seattle ledge. A cross-cut is being run 
 tn tap the ledge. The same parties also own the Monte Carlo at the head of 
 Hardy Creek, on which .several prospect holes have shown twelve feet of ore 
 cMu;t>iiLg iron sulphides throughout and assaying as high as $12 gold and 
 copper. 
 
 "The Seattle ledge has been traced through a long string of claims, in each 
 dtmeticn, cxopptng strongly at frequent intervals. 
 
 Brown's Camp had also been extended west along Pass Creek, on the 
 ■erth of which .<itreain Con Cosgrove and Pnc Burns have the Mono group of 
 ttairee elatms; On the Mono are live leads of iron pyrites— forty, fifteen, eight, 
 atjc and three feet wide, respectively, some of which have been traced across 
 thfi clatni and o?i to the adjoining Strawberry claim. A tunnel has been run 
 a C te u M fe«t on the fifteen-foot ledge, and the highest as.aays obtained are $10 
 to $18 gold, 7 ounces silver and 6 per cent, copper. On another claim are two 
 Veclgea twenty and fourteen feet wide, which assay about the same as the 
 Biono. Two and one-halt miles northwest of the Volcanic, on Pass Creek, is 
 tbe iron Cap No. 1, owned by \V. A. Glover, on five parallel ledges, which 
 ttEtend over a width of 500 feet and have been traced the full length of the 
 claim. The surface ore is iron and copper pyrites. Mr, Glover has also the 
 Buncfagrasa, one mile further south, on which a ledge has been traced 250 
 feet wide and for a length of 300 feet. On the south side of Pass Creek James 
 B. Walker has the King Bee, on which there Is a blowout ten or twelve feet 
 wide, and the Garnet, on which there is one of twenty to thirty feet. 
 
 The Strawberry is owned by Jake Ritter, Thomas Stevenson and Mr. Cody, 
 all of Roseland, and has a twenty-foot ledpe of Dyrltes assovlner *4 *o $7 told 
 and 3 per cent, copper on the surface. A shaft is being sunk on each walL 
 
 The great s*howtngs at Brown's Camp led, in July, 1895, to discoveries three 
 Biles further up the north fork, where Rvans' Camp was established, named 
 after Hvan Bvans. the pioneer, who located the Stfini^nrd. Tbt» mlnernl I*" at 
 tb» same chai'acter, the ledges being supposed extensions of those branching 
 •at from Volcanic Mountain. The Standard has a ledge of Iron pyrites 
 seventy-live feet wide, which has been traced for 500 feet, and the ore assays 
 as te tgh as %IS from the surface. On the Pathfinder Thomas Parkinson and 
 Wmtam Pfetfer have stripped the ledge for 5W) feet In length, and 1" one soot 
 tar twenty-ftve feet In width, and It appears to be 100 feet wide. They baye 
 Bade a number of cuts, and sunk shafts from ten to twenty feet. They have 
 assays of $51 gold and 2V^ per cent, copper, and have had as high as 23 per 
 etmt. cof)per. On the Nellie, owned by George T. Crane and F. C. Loring. of 
 Sp^cane, there is an iron cap of great size, and the nurface ore> assays $12 
 nld »ind as hlsrh as three ounces silver. On the Ontario Boy adinlnine the 
 Pathfinder on the north, M. F. Folger has a twenty-foot ledge of quartz traced 
 dear across the claim, which assays |11 to $17 gold from a ten foot cut. The 
 Hidtten TrDaswire, by Messrs. Parkinson and Pfeifer, adjoins the Standard on 
 the soath, and has a big ledge which has not yet been defined, though three 
 bole!^ have been sunk eight to ten feet on It. 
 
 The saroe belt has been traced southward to Grand Forks, where it shows 
 •n Obsenration Mountain and other peaks overlooking the town. A mile and 
 a half nertheast of the town D. P. Mitchell. Con Cosgrove and G. Miller have 
 the Irofi Kmg and the I.lly on a forty-foot ledge of copper pyrites. They 
 hare roaiie several cross- cuto and obtained assays of $9 to $15 gold and 2 to 3 
 aainces ^Iver. On another mountain to the east of the town "Cap" Rogers 
 has the Lilncoln on an eighteen-foot ledge carrylnn: arsenical iron nnd ''opoer, 
 assaylug $13 to $45 gold and 12 per cent, copper, and on the same ledge Stephen 
 flaateru has the Sanford. On another ledge onlv one-fourt*i of a mile from 
 town Charted Stewart has the Blue and Gray, with six feet of ore assaylnjr tfi.7 
 paid and a trace of copi>er, and Stephen Sanford has the Old Steve, on which 
 he baa not found the walls and which assays $12 gold and silver. The Last : 
 Chaace. an extension of the Blue and Gray and Old Steve, owned by W. W. 
 Whitbeck, bas been cross-cut seven feet without showing walla and assays 
 
 fS In gold, silver and copper. The Eagle, owned by James McConnell and 
 raalc Btshter, has a ledge forty to fifty feet wide carrying galena, on which 
 fowr .shafts assay 8fi ounces sliver and 72 per cent. lead. The Bonlta, on 
 (MbeervaMon Mountain, which is owned by a company of sr^hool teachers, has 
 shewn up solid peacock copper and iron pyrites assaying $30 gold, 11 per cent. 
 
MININO IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 S?e^»Vn" o%*?i?e"'LT,KiSi'''lf T ZKn^'^'i^'''^ Empire, wh.ch I. 
 Which la down fifty feet. ^'*' *"** °'***" "« "Inkln* a »t 
 
 th« 
 ■haft. 
 
 'f^f#f#i«'f«^<f#4»> 
 
 CAMP M'KINNEY. 
 
 th«^Bo*i\?d"y®cfree'k'duJHn/"^i,°»»,V'® geological formation charact«rtetlc of 
 
 others canSed'wi.h''^;:^'"^ ^^^ «°'? anrsBurets in cl^^'^p^SSSl^" 
 oiners capped with iron and carrying pyritic ores Ciunn MAirinri7'« tC* 
 headquarters. la on the headwaters of that creek Ind is X ben?«^ of o^J^ 
 ?n"KfttirRive?'' ^^Irt'^^^^'^P' ^''^-"<i^'' «long Irs'bL^ni^'ui ^^S 
 Roiirni^ q?^%^n „ 7*'®c.'^°"^® ''"I™ Vancouver is by the Canadian Paclllc 
 Railroad, 336 miles to Sicamous Junction, and fifty-one mU^toOk^o^ 
 
 C^mD"l§oKTnl^„^Tf!^ Z Okanogan Lake to Penticton and^y^ft^Se thtS^ 
 NortL^n R«S,i'M^^ '^"vf^- ,^."°'i^«'' """"^^ "•o'n Seattfe is by the Gr«U 
 ♦ft T«^«=3^''i°*'l,}° Wenatchee. 174 miles, by steamer Ellensburg in lumxner 
 itaS. efghty-four I"!ios" '"' O^^^^'^Kan River, about 120 mlle^ the.^^l^ 
 
 ♦..o.??iJJ*!Jf„?P ^%^ ''"■*■•* '•*',^^" '" 1861' when the placers at th« mouth at- 
 r*Tii1.^."^nH^Tr^'^ IK'ui.U' and was revived in 1886. when H. Whtte. " CoopS^ 
 «;,♦ il^mS"'^ J-i^'f*'''' '""'* "'"'"^ *2.000 from White's bar and next year t^ll 
 out 125.000, employliiK iwiive men who averaged |20 a day each. In ttka 
 meantime. POoerieke, of Conconnully. haU made the iirst discoveiy of 
 SU'nni.^®" *^® Victoria, four miles east of Camp McKinney. on a Ied«e ot fr«e 
 milling ore in a talcose schist formation. Associating the late Judxe HaMMai 
 
 °i 9f",^n°/' P' S,- ^^^ O- ?•. ^'^^^- °^ P«'l Townsend. with hUnriie .-a.Ti 
 shaft 110 feet and made a shipment of 1.000 pounds, which returned HOT eoM 
 and silver, and another of 1.200 pounds, which gave |187. while a third, contais- 
 Ing tellurldes. yielded $480 gold and 50 ounces silver. This propexty, wtalck 
 Is crown granted, has recently been sold, with two other claime, to th« lUck 
 Creek Gold Mines, Limited, which has resumed development. A cross-cut, 
 which win be used for a main working tunnel, taps the eight-foot I«dg*» H\ 
 267 feet at a depth of 150 feet and an upraise is being made from It to oor i 
 with a seventy-foot Inclined shaft, while another cross-cut 150 feet long tajw 
 the ledge 750 fset distant. The shaft shows eighteen Inchets of emelting ore 
 carrying |S5 gold and the remainder of the ledge is milling and oonoentrating 
 ore. which will reduce in the proportion of eight to one Into ooneentxatce 
 worth $83. 
 
 Adjoining this on the north. Henry Nicholson and Edward James have tfc« 
 Old England on a twenty-two foot ledge between walls of porplyrltlc etaXa, 
 on which they have sunk eighty feet. Southeast of the Victoria, Thomas 
 Elliot and Edward James have two ledges on the Snowdon. on© f«ur feet 
 wide carrying $22 gold, which has been cross-cut at a depth of 120 f«et. 
 
 The discovery which brought the camp into permanent life was that oV 
 the Cariboo and Amelia in May, 1887, by Al McKinney, Fred Hice, WHUam 
 Burnham and Edmund Lefevre. This has a ledge two feet wide tn a dike of 
 porphyrltic slate, the ore carrying free gold and sulphurets. It is owned Igy 
 the Cariboo M'nlng & Smelting Company, which has erected a ten-stamp mSU 
 with four Woodbury concentrators and a steam hoist and has develeped tl»c 
 mine to considerable depth. Beginning with a tunnel at a depth of MO feet, 
 above which the ore was sloped, the company now has a shaft down 8W feet 
 with dr-.s every fifty feet, the one at the 200- foot level extending 300 feet each 
 way and showing the ledge to have widened to eight feet. The ere cariiee 
 $15 to $25 a ton free gold and produces concentrates worth $90 a tOT^. TSw 
 monthly product Is about $10,000 In bullion and $1,800 concentrates aad the 
 mine has paid $40,000 in dividends. 
 
 West of the Cariboo are the Alice and Emma, owned by the Alice ^nd 
 Emma Consolidated Mining Company. The ledge is shown seven feet wide tn 
 a sixty-three foot shaft and averages $10 to $12 gold. On the Maple l>eat, 
 James Lynch has a forty-flve foot shaft showing four or five feet of similar 
 ore. Adjoining this is the Eureka, owned by a New Tor. syndicate, on 
 which a shaft Is down 153 feet, with a seventy-five foot drift at the M0^<><»t 
 level, from which 800 tons of ore are on the dump. The Pontenoy. owned tgr 
 D. A. Cameron, has a shaft down eighty-three feet, showing a six-loot ledge 
 which carries galena ore assaying $24 gold and sliver. The Anarchist, two 
 miles west of the Cariboo, has been bonded by Richard Sidley to Chartee H. 
 Ballard, of Conconully. and shows a ledge widening from three to six feet 
 in a Blxty-foot shaft, assays running $9 gold, 5 ounces silver. On the Saitor 
 Boy, thr«ie miles to the southeast. Charles DIetz has a ledge five or six feet 
 wide In a sixty-foot shaft, shown up also by a number of open cuts. It 
 carries some free gold, besides sulphurets containing gold, silver and enpper 
 and assays as high as $60. The Highland Chief, owned by MessHi. Edward^ 
 Bennett. Sutter and Smith, shows a four-foot ledge carrying* Sflphurets on 
 
irtoce and a cro/««-q«t 1h Jn nJjpety feet toward* the lfi<UW- On iJhf J^ftn- 
 JttToup of two clalma Capt. Jdiin Irvtn», of VlctoH*. MTik a •)utft*ln th« 
 IH® and obtained a crown Rrant, after which ho etopped ODeraUon*. 
 /iillam Younkln, JameH Copelnnd and Oporgc Cook have a forty-foot ahaft 
 on a stringer hIx to tw«nty-fuur Inches wide carrying galena and aasayinff 
 $7 gold In Hulphurets, and are running a crosH-cut to tap the main ledge. 
 
 The flrat discovery of pyrlllc ore under Iron capping was made on th* 
 Dolphin, west of the Kureka. owned by William Edwards and C. A. R. 
 Lambly. The ledge is four or five feet wide on the surface, where It carrlM 
 ■ome free gold and assays 130 to $40, and will be tapped by a cro88*out, whiok 
 Ip In sixty feet. In May, I8!M!, William Younkln and James Copeland dlscOT- 
 ■red a Wg blow-out of the same kind, 150 feet each way, on the ridge b«twe«B 
 the forks of Rock Creek, on which they have the Le Rol and War Balrle. 
 Thehr first shot brought out ore assaying $26 gold, sliver and copper, th« pro- 
 portion of copper being 9V4 per cent. 
 
 ^he placer ground la still being worked at Intervals the whole lenfftAi of 
 the creek, where gold In found In the bars, but the bed Is virgin !»oll to th« 
 inlner. Many attempts have been made to reach bed rock, but the n»lnera 
 wer0 poor men with only such primitive appliances as wooden pumps an4 
 wheels, and water and quick sand have always foiled them, though with 
 modern appliances they wotild have reached bottom long ago. 
 
 Extending one and one-half miles above the mouth of the creek Is a tract 
 of placer gi'ound on which the Laura Hydraulic Company erenteil a hydraulic 
 plan,t, two miles of flume and piping, and a sawmill. Some good clean-nps 
 were made, but the cost of removing large boulders without proper facilities 
 eHminated the profit. The property Is now held by Messrs. Monaghan, King 
 and McAulay, who have put In a larger plant and are working on an extensive 
 BcaJe. 
 
 " Seven miles above the mouth James Copeland and William Tounktn. 
 who have a'clalm 2,000 feet wide and 1,000 feet alon^ the stream, are running a 
 bed-rock drain tunnel under the bed of the south fork to tap the bedrock. 
 The great trouble hitherto has been with quicksand and water, and they are 
 MMklng to overcome this by tunneling at water grade. Their observation la 
 that the su<*face dirt on the benches Is secondary wash and carries fine Quartc 
 gold, the beat pay be4ng heavy coarse gold In the old wash, patches of which 
 Were left behind In crevices when the secondary wash came down, most of It 
 being swept into the bed of the stream. They have made 100 feet of open drain 
 and 200 feet of tunnel and are now thirty feet below the bed, having passed 
 through eleven feet of quicksand and having three feet more to penetrate. 
 
 On the north fork, about eight miles from the mouth. Is Dletz's bar, from 
 the surface of which from $75,000 to $100,000 has been taken. Donohue & Co. 
 are sluicing down to bedrock at this point and two or three other parties are 
 working the benches and some Chinamen are using the cradle and rocket* on 
 abandoned claims. 
 
 The construction of D. C. Corbln's projected railroad up Kettle River and 
 orer the range to the Okanogan River would give this district such improved 
 transportation facilities as to greatly stimulate development. Hitherto the 
 only producing property has been the Cariboo, but this hAs served to show 
 the possibilities which await development. 
 
 FAIBVIEW AND KEBEMEOS. 
 
 One of the first camps to feel the effect of the revival of the mining Indus- 
 try has been Pfilrvlew, in the mountains west the Okanagon River, eighteen 
 miles north of tne boundary. It Is a free gold and sulphuret district of gre«t 
 promise and Its development has only languished on account of the blunders 
 of. the early Investors and the general depression prevalent for several years 
 ps^t. The prospeciors who made the discoveries have never lost faith in It 
 ai^d have continued development on their own resources, making test ship- 
 ments and mill-runs which have given ample proof that their confidence Is 
 nqt misplaced. 
 
 The most expeditious route to Fairvlew Is by the Canadian Pacific from 
 Vapcouver to Slcamous Junction, 331 miles and by the Sicamous branch to 
 Okanogan Landing, fifty-one miles. A steamer there connects with the train 
 arid runs down Okanogan Lake, eighty miles, to Pentlcton, whence a stags 
 runs twenty-eight miles to Fairvlew. From points In central Washington 
 th? route Is from Wenatchee by the steamer City of Ellensburg up the Colum- 
 bia River to Brewster's Landing, eighty-five miles, or during high Water to 
 JohMon Creek. 130 miles, and thence by stage, 108 miles from Brewsters. or 
 ■Ixty-four miles from Johnson Creek. 
 
 The Fairvlew belt of ledges In in a formation of granite, mica schist and 
 
 Suartz s,chlst, through which a small stream flows down Reed's Gulch to the 
 tkaiiogan. The ledges crop on the hills on each side of this gulch for a dis- 
 tance of about three miles and strike northwest by southeast, the belt Jia^ng 
 a known width of about two mileB. The ore is free milling quarts. cari*ying' 
 
MlNBNa IN 1HB PACBPIC HORTMWBBT. 
 
 m 
 
 « Mttlo Bllver and shoving Iron suinhuroiii whi^k »iii i. ... 
 
 proportion an greMt^r depth »8 Kuin.^i Th^ «r-. ^.*'" P'o^'**''/ Increaie la 
 
 three Darallel Indues irtx to twelve f«et wWp «n w f^"** .F'red Qwatklna. on 
 the mother lode of the dUtrk* whlrh runH klnn^tl- hn \'^. ''"'*• »*"«*» " 
 and the Okanogan valley. PanTllel wltr^t on th« nnrt'LI'lV^^T" **^« «"'«»• 
 line of hlllB Is another ledRe. tnicKi throuirh IoV-h Hn«^°/^**'!?"*' *^*^''« another 
 the opposite, or ..outhwest. sWe of the ru oh ^s ?h« Sm. Il^^ "V'!."^- '^"'^ °" 
 through four claims, with several claims on suoooMri nJ^ln? T J*"*«« *'»«=«* 
 
 The largest Investment until recent vearH*^ w^! J?^J*"k' '^^«^!; 
 Mining Company, which bought he Brown Bear «r* un of hv«^, ^^« Strathyr. 
 a ten-stanrip mill and concentrator S P„™n'k^l■lT„^^f X'vfii^'^ and built 
 
 and tunneled 100 feet to tap "Ur'Ashaft wdnSn^sl^JivM^. '*''"; ,°" ''"^ !«**«• 
 and a tunnel driven m feet on It Some of the ore wn« mfiwl H'^.^^S^ '«''«« 
 
 SaMn'e", '^^'^" '^'"'^ ^ ^"«^°-« ^-""-« -aTus^^nVd'"o^ira^'s .TTti 
 
 BtJZ Kh%"n'K|rt\ '/n^^'^lXflySc^E'ia 'The'/^^nn^n^ll^ ^,7" •."« 
 shaft seventy feet, striking the west ledge at a denth .ff "",? ,„°'.P*"^R®",^'^"'»r 
 It to be twelve feet wlde.Vhlle they'Xle Vn S ^c'^u't^'^'roet'-' """^'"«^ 
 
 this ledge crops In a blanket along the gulch the hanKln^vnnhn^'.'^J^K^''® 
 washed off. 'they also sank a 140-foot shaf on the east led^e i ^aVJI^ ^f^ 
 foot drift at the bottom. After having some small lot, nf^^L''^tl^\^. l^Z 
 Strathyre Company, they leased th 
 ore, which pnl them an aggregat 
 
 1895, but haVf ince shipped two (.mutiua m aiinpn nr^ tn 'itior>^„ „i,. 1 -, 
 
 returns of ab, ut $100 gold and silver mostly the^ormer ThlsXlm^nrt*^? 
 adjoining one on a narallel ledge, showing four and one-half feet o?^n?«1n^ 
 thirty-live foot shaft, have been bonded by W. B. Powell of Vemon rhh-h 
 Coljimbla. who contemplates erecting a stamp mill on them ^•''^"°"' »'^'"8»» 
 
 The Stemwlnder, the pioneer claim, has been sold for J20nftO tn Po,,f 
 Mitchell, of Victoria, and Is being developed. An eighty-foot eros<, c^it t^'Ji; 
 all three ledges, while a tunnel Is in 150 fe^t on one of them and IshftfV do^ 
 fifty feet on another. This work shows all to be well defined carrvlneTr2 
 which assays |10 to »15 gold and 1 or 2 ounces silver. "^""^0. carrjing ore 
 
 The Silver Crown, on the mother lode, owned bv Edward Elewett and m 
 H. Ammldown, has a 300-foot cross-cut tapping all three main ledges 
 
 Another property on which much development Is being done Is the Tin 
 Horn group of two claims, owned by the Tin Horn Quartz Mining Comoanv 
 which Is erecting a twenty-stamp mill. A ninety-foot cross-cut tana the led«» 
 two and one-half to four feet wide and a sixty-foot shaft shows It four fe«? 
 wide. Thirty-eight assays show an average value of $112 30 
 
 The Silver Bow Is also being developed, having been acquired bv the Sllv«r 
 Bow Quartz Mining Company from William Dalrymple, and has a goi^ 
 showing. 
 
 The Joe Dandy and Atlas have b«en purchased by Lord Sudley bavins 
 proved good value by mint returns. From shafts seventy and sixty feet 
 from which seventy feet of tunnel and cross-cuts run, about 400 tons of ore 
 were milled, averaging $26. 
 
 The Gold Hill, on the three mam ledses, has been taken up by the Gold 
 Hill Quartz Mining Company and has siv^n as: ays of $7 on the iiurface $43 to 
 180 at a depth of four feet and $123 at ten fetl. ' '^ 
 
 The Western Hill, owned by William Dalrymnle, has an open nut showing 
 the mother lode nine feet wide, with pay ore assaying $49 gold, 29 ouncM 
 silver. From the Susie George A. Guess and J. J. White took eight tons of 
 ore whljh netted over $60 at the smelter, their ledge being seven feet wide. 
 
 The Smuggler Is the most promising property on the southwest side of 
 the gulch, %vlth the possible exception of the Tin Horn. The locater, Thomas 
 Elliott, sank HO feet on It, showing seven feet of quartz with only one wall 
 and made a test shipment of thre tons to Tacoma, which returned $175 gross 
 per ton. He sold the claim a year ago to Capt. Mitchell, of Victoria, for 
 $20,000 and it Is now being developed. 
 
 The Mayflower group of three claims owned by tha Occidental Mining 
 Company has a shaft on one ledge, from which four tons of ore returned %W 
 gold. On another claim a thirty-foot shaft shows a flvo-foot ledge carrying 
 free gold and assaying from $30 to $50 on an average. 
 
 The development of this camp has been taken up by Victoria and Van- 
 couver people, who have bought up or bonded some forty promising prospects 
 and are putting large forces at work on them. 
 
 Free mllHng ore has also been discovered on Keremeos Creek, eight miles 
 west of Fairvierw and twenty-one .lilies southwest of Pentlcton, and though 
 the dlscoverioa are too recent to allow time for much work to define the size 
 and character of the ledges, development Is in progress on several properties. 
 The course is s^nerally northeast by southwest and the country formation Is 
 gray dloflte. 
 
 The Sunset, owned by the Gold Belt Mining Company, is on a blanket ledge 
 of free milling and concentrating ore sixteen feet wide, showing heavy ooppnr 
 stains and carry $7 to $84 gold. , ^ , , ^ ^ „ , 
 
 The Sunrise, which has been bought from C. J. Jordan by a Spokane com- 
 
 il 
 
160 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 pany, has two feet of ttee milling ore shown by a thirty-foot tunnel at the 
 foot of a mountain and 180 feet above, a shaft is down twenty feet on it, the 
 average ab»uys being about $44 gold. 
 
 The Dominion group consists of one claim on the Sunset and two "in the 
 Sunrise ledge. The former crops two to six feet wide, carrying copper and 
 iron sulphides and carrying 5 per cent, copper on the surface. The other two. 
 claims have a similar showing to the Sunrise, that ledge being traceable by 
 nroppings tcr two miles, although undevelopt^d. 
 
 A party of Montana men has begun sinltlug on the Buckeus, which they 
 have bonded from John Buclteus and which has a ledge of sulphide ore 
 covered by an iron can twelve to fifteen feet wide. 
 
 On the Dolphin J. M. Pitman has a sixteen-foot ledg<e of the same kind 
 cropping at three points and assaying $31 gold on the surface, and has sunk 
 twenty feet on It. 
 
 THE COAST DISTBICT. 
 
 By John R. Wolcott, Seattle. 
 
 The Coast mining region of British Columbia extends In a northwesterly 
 direction from Vancouver Harbor (Burrard Inlet) to the Alaskan boundary 
 and Includes the western slope of the Coast Range Mountains, togrether with 
 the ad.iacen\ Islands, comprising a territory over 800 miles in length and vary- 
 ing from 23 to 130 miles in width. 
 
 The physical features are unlike those of any other known mining district. 
 The region may be fairly described as a mining camp set in the ocean; a few 
 of its characteristics being a succession of Islands ranging from a few 
 acres to many square miles in extent, with bold shore lines and usually deep 
 water close to shore. The channels are deep and have strong tides, in places 
 becoming dangerous at certain stages of the tide. Many of the Islands are 
 deeply Indented by bays or Inlets, in some Instances almost cutting the island 
 in two. The mainland Is also Indented by inlets and arms, ranging from two 
 to sixty-five miles in length and usually having a nortiiorly direction. These 
 greatly faellltate the exjiloration of the country; for cutting so deeply Into 
 the mountains, and usually across the formation, they offer exceptional op- 
 portunliies to the prospector. There is practically no level land f i the district, 
 the tntre res"lon, both Islands nvd mainland, being very rugj'ed, tne mountains 
 rising from the shore ut from 20 degrees to vertical. Frequently forty fath- 
 oms depth Is oblainable within 100 feet of shore. The country possesses an 
 ample supply of timber for mining purposes and fresh water la abundant. 
 There are many fine water powers in the district. Exploration has so far 
 been confined to the 140 miles between Vancouver and Loughborough Inlet, and 
 has been of the most cursory nature, but little tliorougli systematic work hav- 
 ing been done. Prospecting lias been done with canoes and the examination 
 confined (with but few exceptlon.s) to the mineral outcropping at the water's 
 edge. 
 
 The surface rocks of the district consist chiefly it gray granite and 
 granitoid material, some genisses and other aohists being occasionally asso- 
 ciated, with at times a belt of slate or lime showing. . 
 
 On Jervls, Toba and Bute Inlets are places where the underlying rocks 
 are exposed, showing slates, dlorlte and porphyry overlaid with granite; while 
 the channels and inlets indicate serious seismic disturbances. The rock» 
 show both lateral and longitudinal foldings to have occurred, and are as a rule 
 more or less base, frequently being so far off their description In geological 
 works as to give the prospector ample reason to believe that the maker of 
 ' the rocks and the writers of the books seriously disagreed. 
 
 The district contains large and numerous bodies of quartz containing gold, 
 copper and silver. The ores, as far as known, are smelting, many of them 
 being concentrating. Copper will unquestionably he produced in large quan- 
 tities. Oenerally, the ores may be classed as lew prade, i. e., there are large 
 bodies of ore that range from J5 to $20 per ton and will concentrate from three 
 to fifteen tons Into one. There are other proiieriles sufflclpntly dt'veloped to 
 demonstrate that they will produce shipping ore. The Van Anda, Raven. Vic- 
 toria and Sliver Top properties on Texada Island are producing ore 11 ,'t aver- 
 ages over $40 per ton. The Phillips Arm Mines Company has both shiptnng and 
 concentrating ore; tlie Queen Bee on Valdez Island assays from $20 to $160 
 per ton in gold. The big vein back of Estero Basin Is both shipping and con- 
 centrating. 
 
 It has been krown for a number of years that iron and copper existed; also 
 that there were strong veins of quartz, but it was not "free milling," and 
 base ores were not in demand. The mert traversing the district were chiefly 
 loggers and were not Interested In mlni.jg. Surface samples only were brought 
 in and the assays were low, and until the establishment of smelters at Tacoma 
 and Everett, base ore propositions would not be entertained— hence the few 
 men who attempted to interest capital In Coast minlntr were unsuccessful. 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 Id 
 
 1 at the 
 a It, thfr 
 
 3 in the 
 >per and 
 ther two 
 eable by 
 
 ich they 
 hide ore 
 
 me kind 
 las sunk 
 
 iwesterly 
 boundary 
 ther with 
 md vary- 
 
 ; district, 
 in; a few 
 m a few 
 lally deep 
 In places 
 lands are 
 the Island 
 from two 
 a. These 
 icply Into 
 tlonal op- 
 e district, 
 nountalns 
 )rty fath- 
 sesses an 
 ibundant. 
 as so far 
 Inlet, and 
 vork hav- 
 imlnatlon 
 le water's 
 
 mite and 
 lUy asso- 
 
 Ing rocks 
 Uo; while 
 he rocks- 
 i\s a rule 
 geological 
 maker of 
 
 nins gold, 
 of them 
 
 rpe quan- 
 are large 
 
 rom three 
 eloped to 
 ven, Vtc- 
 V.'t aver- 
 
 pjnng and 
 
 120 to $150 
 and con- 
 
 isted; alse 
 Ing." an<* 
 >re chiefly 
 •e brought 
 it Tacoma 
 e the few 
 cessful. 
 
 C. R. Graves, of Vancouver, a Provincial surveyor possessed with a fair 
 knowledge of geology, made numerous attempts to interest oartles In some of 
 
 i^1»?t*"n7l.P n^.P,"^!."""," ^^'"^ ^« ^"""^ discovered but wlthoSrsuccessC B 
 Priest of Nanalmo also a surveyor. In 1889. succeeded In forming a syndi- 
 cate to purchase a tract of land on Texada Island for Its deposits of copper, 
 but was unable to secure cap tal for its development. C. R Miller has per^ 
 slstently held to the Golden Slipper and other claims on Texada Is'.i.nd for ten 
 years past; the expenses of his family, and coat of development on his claims 
 being defrayed by the gold he had washed out of the decomposed surface 
 vein matter of the Golden Slipper claim. A. Raper held to the Victoria on 
 Texada Island over seven years; the Comox syndicate, a party of prospectors 
 who pooled Interests, have also held on for fully seven years, and are now 
 developing one of their claims— the Surprise— into a mine. The late Prof. 
 Bredemeyer, of Tacoma, in 1892 and 1893, made an extended examination of 
 the deposits on Texada Island and reported favorably thereon ami attempted 
 to interest capital. In 1893, J. J. Chambers located the Tilly on Phillips Arm, 
 now being developed by the Phillips Arm Mines Company, and also made other 
 locations. His enthusiasm regarding the mineral resources of the Coast Dis- 
 trict gained him the name of "Crazy Chambers"- a title he is far prouder of 
 now than In 1893. 
 
 The first development work in the district was during 1896, and as a whole, 
 has proven so satisfactmy that the attentior of capital is being strongly di- 
 rected to tne district; tiuH 'CKion presents the unusual feature of English 
 capital taking hold of undovolop' d properties in a district in which but a com- 
 paratively small amount i f dcvt lopment work has been done. A number of 
 English mining engineers, nuii-t of them with a South African and Australian 
 mining experience, have inspected the district during the past year with the 
 result that five or more English companies have acquired holdings and are 
 arrangng for development during 1897; some already being at work. 
 
 The Indications for paying properties and prosperous camps at a number 
 of points are excellent. Several properties are already sufficiently advanced to 
 warrant the belief that they will become dividend paying mines. The large 
 bodies of ore. much of it capable of being concentrated and situated for econ- 
 omical handling, c ■.mbin<'d with the certainty of low freight rn,tes, all tend 
 to make this a most Inviting ,ield for capital. Freight rates on ore to Everett 
 or Tacoma are $1.25 per ton in fifty-ton lots; freight on camp supplies is mod- 
 erate. 
 
 The country Is practically unprospected, and to the practical prospector Is 
 a most inviting field. 
 
 Howe Sound— Twelve miles from Vancouver, is from two to seven miles 
 wide and projects into the mninland in a northerly direction over twenty-five 
 miles. Near the entrance are Bow.m, Gambler and Anvil Islands. On Bowen 
 Island there is a gnup of thirteen claims, the property of a syndicate repre- 
 sented by Cowan & Shaw, of Vani'ouvc?. Several veins are Included in the 
 property; the principal one being some eight or nine feet wide, carrying gold 
 and sliver. The property Is now being developed, there being at present a 
 forty-foot shaft and sundry open cuts. This is considered to be a valuable 
 property. 
 
 A number of other claims have been located on the Island, a Tacoma com- 
 pany owning a group on which some development work has been done. On 
 Gambler Island, Stokes and Hartley own the Gold Standard, which has a four- 
 foot vein between slate and granite walls. The ore assays from $50 to $80 per 
 ton gold. G. S. Logan, of Seattle, owns the Nulla Seounda; Dr. S. F. Martin 
 and John R. Poster, of Seattle, the Wall Street, these being extensions of the 
 Gold Standard. Near by Messrs. Stokes. Hartley, Martin and Fo.stc-r own the 
 Vancouver, Thorley. Ecclefechan and Westminster on a v/ell defined vein 
 eight to teA feet wide of lose qi.anz, assaying from $S to $15 gold. The Croe- 
 sus owned by Dr. Martin, of Toronto, is a fine property, surface assays being 
 
 the aouna opposue ».Taimut-t iduh.u, ^■'. ,-. ^ T"i„ut >„„*!« wlrltv. in B-ranltB 
 nf Mpnttle hiive three claims on a vein six to eight feet in wlrttfi m gramie 
 
 Si S-Sn VKSlIe and 1» rwiii'a by a Smtch symUcnte who are dovelo.iiiiE It. 
 
S'^?' 
 
 f' ' ■■•• 
 
 162 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 being over sixty miles In length. Some seventy claims have been located, 
 chiefly in the neigliborhood of Prince of Wales Reach, and at the head of th« 
 inlet. The best known property in the district is a group of five claims known 
 as the Pltzslmmons group, and recently incorporated as the Treasure Moun- 
 tain Mines. This property Is on the east side of Prince of Wales Reach, three 
 miles south ot Vancouver Bay and seventeen miles from the entrance to the 
 inlet. The property Is thus described by Col. T. H. Tracy, of "Vancouver: 
 
 The vein Is a chalcopyrlte carrying copper, silver and gold. It runs In a 
 northwesterly direction along the face of the hill, the hlghe.st point being aliout 
 1,300 feet above sea level; the average distance from the shore is about 2,000 
 feet. The ore shows in the bed of a small stream, also in numerous boulders 
 which have been broken off and rolled down a short distance, and In other 
 places almost continuously for about a mile. In places, the iron capping, 
 which resembles that met with in Kootenai, has slipped down, owing to the 
 steepness of the hill and to partial decomposition. It Is Impossible to say what 
 the width of the vein is without first doing considerable surface work, but It 
 appears to be from ten to twenty feet wide. 
 
 G. F. Monckton, member of the North of England Institute of Mining En- 
 gineers, made an examination in January, 1897, and states that he found a very 
 large body of rock carrying pyrites and extending over 3,000 feet, at its 
 greatest width 100 feet. The ore body lies in a belt of diclte between granite 
 and slate. The ore bears a strong resemblance to Rossland ore. Assays have 
 ranged from two to sixteen and one-half per cent, copper; 1 to 15 ounces sliver, 
 and from a trace to S-pv^nnyweight gold. A crew of seven men has recently 
 been started at work on this property and it is expected that development 
 work will be actively pushed. 
 
 C. W. Davidson, J. R. Seymour, H. Darling and other Vancouver gentle- 
 men, comprise a syndicate owning some fifteen claims in Jervls Inlet. They 
 have the Vulcan group r' seven near Vancouver Bay In a dlorlte, slate and 
 granite formation. Outcrops Indicate an ore quite similar in character to that 
 of the Fitzslm:.Tions group. The vein Is eight feet or over, well defined though 
 no work has been done. On the opposite side of the* inlet they have one 
 claim, the Wideawake. At Deserted Bay they have three claims on a large 
 body of white auartz In granite and slate. 
 
 Opposite Princess I.oulse Inlet they have three claims on a ten-foot ledge 
 of quartz carrying gold and silver. At the head of the inlet they have the 
 Victoria, a large body of quartz; some work was done on this property four 
 or five years ago by Mr. Davidson, and it is understood to assay nigh. 
 
 On Nelson Island, near the entrance to Jervls Inlet, twenty-five or thirty 
 claims have been located during the past sixty days, several of them showing 
 free gold. 
 
 Texada Island lies In the Gulf of Georgia, the southern end being forty 
 miles from Vancouver; It Is five miles from the mainland and twelve from 
 Vancouver Island. It Is thirty miles In length by five In breadth, and Is ap- 
 parently an upheaval. On the southern half the mountains are very steep, 
 on the northern half they are more rolling. Commencing at the southern end 
 and going northerly along the western side, the formation first shows an 
 amygdaloid which changes to an Igneous conglomerate; next comes several 
 miles of Vancouverlte, a sort of trap rock ha\'lng a greenish color on a fresh 
 fracture; next Is a belt of black limestone containing large quantities of fos- 
 sils; near Gillies Bay there Is a small Intrusion of the coal measures, both the 
 shale and sand-stone appearing. From GUlles Bay to the northern end of 
 the Island Is crystallne limestone with porphyry showing In places and several 
 rich mineralized dlorlte dikes projecting through the limestone. Develop- 
 ment work at the Van Anda, Kirk Lake, Silver Tip and Surprise mines Indi- 
 cates that the limestone Is a surface rock overlying dlorlte and porphyry in 
 place. 
 
 The known mineral belt occupies the extreme northerly end of the Island, 
 embracing about twenty-five square miles of territory. The steamers land 
 at the Van Anda mine, as the principal work so far done is easily accessible 
 from this point. 
 
 Commencing at the steamer landing at the Van Anda .Tfilne, the land rises 
 at thfe rate of about twenty degrees, attaining an elevation of sixteen to 
 eigliteen hundred feet. Near the water on the easterly side, the formation is 
 very much out of place on the surface. On the westerly sloe the rise from 
 the water to the highest elevation Is very sharp, the full elevation on this side 
 being attained within a mile ^/om the shore. 
 
 There are no developed mines on the Island, the largest amount of work 
 having been done at the Van Anda. This property embraces fifteen or sixteen, 
 claims, and has several known veins; work, however, having been done on 
 only one and the work to date having been largely of an exploring nature. A 
 shaft has been sunk 125 feet, partly on the vein and partly through the adja- 
 cent lime, ore having been developed to a depth of sixty feet. It is<«xpectad 
 the shaft wili again strike the vein in about thirty feet. The ore taken from 
 this vein has ranged In value from $2 to t3 at the surface to over $1,000 assays 
 on picked samples. A recent shipment of fort)- tons to the Everett smelter 
 gave returns of: Copper, I8V2 per cent; gold, $18.6(i; silver, 11 ounces. 
 
 At the date of my visit. January 18, 1897, thtre Were about thirty tons of 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 fit °the''maS/^^kTmld ^n!frf.^' '"'/j ^5 P^^ cent, copper. Edward Blew- 
 sWpment abovl allXd To Whnl Y°"'*^ ''Vlu'""^.*^ ^«"er in gold than the 
 tons of ore were hoi«?^rt fknf^'^"^,i "^^^ ^* ^^^^ ™*"e, betweetj, four and five 
 largely bornlteP Th« v^in "-aoT"'*^ average fully 40 per cent copper (being 
 feet of sWDDlnfforJ Pnmr!,„',,^f ^^''v?^ developed. ha.s shown from tone to four 
 ore Increasing In v«in«."^H"^'"?K^^''"* ^^.^^^^ 'eet below the surface and the 
 run 180 feet a? the^iltl f^^.*^,*'^*^ as well as In quantity. A drift has been 
 from thl^drtft Vrlrn^;^??^ ^^'^^^' ?^".^ the bornlte ore above alluded to came 
 and in a svs[emnHp^^nl'°i'^?'■^ being made for pushing the work actively 
 will bP in nprmn!,ilJ"?""®'^7.'^ ^S'"^ ^^^ Opinion of Mr. Blewett that they 
 It -theintPnt^nf«"i„'£'"'"^"°," ^^r.}-^^ ""'6 the 200 foot level Is reached 
 ent • one shlnmi.n7 h^i^^''® regular shipments once in two weelcs for the pres- 
 M At fhfi m f^«?1*"^wu'^^ °^ ^^ ^^«='*^' March 3 and one of 330 sacks March 
 At tht tim« Mr ?j^iJf'i?',*?-.® cross-cut fortyflve feet struck the ore body and 
 ore In f h? f J^f-^^'f.^®" '^" ^'J ^^^'"''^ 1^ there was three and one-half feet of 
 
 n^ ^ ® °^ "'® cross-cut with the drills still working in ore. 
 a hiif JTi^o*^" F°^P*?^. ^"^^ Claims lies southerly from the Van Anda one and 
 inS rv.JlJl!f^"„ ^ ?*^^"^ is contracted and work commenced by the Raven Min- 
 o»Lr:?-.^£.^^^r , ^ tunnel has been run over 100 feet cutting the vein about 
 fjf .^PiLlf®* "^'""^ the surface. The ore from this property Is quite similar 
 in general appearance to that from the Van Anda. 
 
 r^^^^il'i^,*^®* ^u^^}, one and one-half miles westerly from the Van Anda Is the 
 S,^?f ®*u^ S-^, \^^ Texada Kirk Lake Gold Mines, consisting of over 200 acres, 
 witn the Kirk Lake water power, estimated at 500 horsepower. A number of 
 promising veins show on the property. A shaft has been sunk on a fine vein 
 .^u.^"°'"I. . ® ^°^^ ^"^ assays from $40 to $200. Paralleling this vein and 
 within a distance of 200 feet, are numerous veins, so many and of such a 
 character that the general Impression is that the entire 200 feet will pay to 
 work. Development will be pushed this season. 
 
 F. W. McRady, who has supervision of the development of this property, 
 also manages a group about a mile distant controlled by W. L. Challoner, of 
 Victoria, also property in the Kootenay country owned by the syndicate 
 controlling the Kirk Lake mines. 
 
 The Nut Cracker corners on the Kirk Lake Company's -rroup to the 
 southeast. A well defined vein shows running north of west. Work consists 
 of a fourteen-foot shaft which has developed a vein of about four feet. The 
 same vein is found in the Yellow Jacket, where about the same amount of 
 •work has been done, showing a similar class of ore. 
 
 The Lorindale adjoins the Nut Cracker and has a well defined vein. Work 
 has been done on thia property, which, had It been done in a legitimate man- 
 ner, would have meant at least a 150-foot shaft. The property, however, has 
 been badly "gophered," every effort, evidently, having been directed to an 
 attempt to obtain samples of free gold, with apparently no Intention towards 
 the systematic development of the property. The property merits very differ- 
 ent treatment from what It has received. 
 
 The Surprise presents some peculiar featues. The shaft Is down seventy- 
 two feet and a drift run sixty-five feet. The vein la well mineralized Its f^ll 
 :^ld.th, five feet, and has both walls well defined. This property Is owned by a 
 party of men from Comox, who are developing It on the co-operative p" 
 The result of their work showp what men of llmlmted means, but with a 
 position to develop tlieir property, can do. 
 
 The Golden Slipper la on the westerly side of the Island and about a 
 northerly from the iron mines and Is now controlled by C. S. Douglas, of V 
 couver. Mr. Miller has done a good deal of general prospecting work on U« 
 property and has uncovered the vein at several points. At one place he n&s 
 a shaft about fifteen feet deep, phowlng the vein to be a strong one nine f^t 
 in width. This property lies on a steep hillside and in a position \o >;» 
 developed economically, and there is every indication that with develoMnentW 
 will prove most valuable. Mr. Miller has taken free gold from the surface for 
 
 V6£LI*8 
 
 The Tip Top adjoins the Golden Slipper on the northerly side, the G<rfd^ 
 Slipper vein extending through it and be^g readily traceablethe length qf^the 
 ^.alm. There are 
 cross-vein extends 
 Baby, 
 
 are two other veins on the property nearly parallel to lt,J,ndA 
 ends across this and also across the Copp^er King aijp NIa[gW 
 
 The Cooper King adjoins the Tip Top on the northeast. There are tmo 
 jng! wefldeflp'd veins bearing north,w.e8terIjf. and the one referred ^ as 
 «f^mTn/fhl and other i.roBerty. which boars southweaterly. , A sh^t 
 
 urth4^^ve[n*ha8''diveloped"nSwlV" flv« feet "of good lo«>klhk 
 
 strong, 
 
 cross-cutting thi 
 fifteen feet deep 
 
 ^'*Thn silver Tin adlolns the Surprise on the north.w«at and is croased pw 
 
IM 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 energetically, and la acquiring oth«r properties on the island, and proposes to 
 develop its holdings Into paying mines. 
 
 A St. John's, New Brunswick, syndicate, managed by J. C. Keith, of Van- 
 couver, is operating in the Coast District and more particularly on Texada 
 Island. The syndicate Is operating on lines of great advantage to a mining 
 camp, viz: It bonds promising looking prospects, puts on the development 
 work necessary to show the property, and then sells the claim to parties who 
 will continue the work. It took hold of the Silver Tip; sank a sixty-four foot 
 shaft, and did other exploring work— then sold the property to the Texada 
 Proprietary Company. The syndicate controls some fifteen claims on the 
 Island and Is just closing contracts for development work on the Summit, Rlno 
 and Marguerite claims. 
 
 The Tip Top, Copper King, Volunteer group of six claims and several ad- 
 jacent properties, have recently passed under control of Thomas H. Fraser, 
 Mining Engineer of London, and arrangements are being made for active 
 development. 
 
 A large number of claims have been located in this minteral belt on which 
 little or no work has been done. It can safely be said that there is not a 
 claim on the Island that has been fairly prospected and it is doubtful if the 
 number of veins actus My existing in any of the claims Is known to the owners. 
 The formation Is of such a nature that. If sitiiated near the famous .-Cripple 
 Creek, Colorado, camp, there would be a rush on the part of capitalists to get 
 men and machinery on the ground for a thorough exploitation of the territory. 
 It is not a poor man's camp, but one that requires capital to put properties on 
 a paying basis. 
 
 While the formation Is readily traceable through a clalm'and from one 
 claim to another, well defined walls are rarely encountered until some depth 
 is reached. One can travel along a vein and can dig through the decomposed 
 vein matter, which Is usually three to five feet, and can take the material so 
 excavated and wash out from a few colors to a dollar or more of gold. This 
 is true of various claims and at almost any point on the vein where oxidation 
 has occurred to any extent. 
 
 The camp presents an Inviting field for capital and indications are such as 
 to warrant a liberal expenditure In exploration and development, but the work 
 should be under the direction of mining men backed with capital sufficient to 
 properly develop a property. 
 
 During the past summer considerable prospecting was done along the 
 Coast and the various Inlets between Jervls Inlet and the Phillips Arm Dis- 
 trict; while a number of claims were staked, some with very promising surface 
 showings, but little work has been done on them. 
 
 Monckton and Colquhoon, Mining Engineers of Vancouver, are developing 
 a property on the southern end of Redonda Island that Is making an excellent 
 showing, having a three-fool vein, assaying from $25 to $134 In sliver, with 
 some lead and copper. On the same claim they have a fine looking copper 
 ledge. A claim owned by D. Carmlchel and situated near the above, assayed 
 $13.90 In silver and gold surface outcrops. 
 
 A number of claims have been located on Redonda Islands, Cortes, Reed 
 and In the vicinity of the "Hole-ln-the-Wall" on Valdez Island. 
 
 Bute Inlet, 110 miles northwest from Vancouver, is two to three miles wide 
 and sixty-five miles long, the general direction being northeasterly. It cuts 
 the Coast Range at nearly a right angle. Is very mountainous, some of the 
 peaks rl-sing to a height of 8,000 feet; extremely precipitous and cut by deep 
 ravines and pullles filled with slide matter from the heights above. These In- 
 tersect the line of direction of the Inlet, generally having an easterly and 
 westerly direction. Volcanic disruption Is evident in many places. 
 
 At the entrance to the Inlet on the northwestern shore, at Arran Rapids, is 
 a small belt of broken slate with several small veins of quartz containing iron 
 pyrites and some sulphides of copper. This belt crosses to Stewart Island, 
 which lies across the entrance to the Inlet and Is cut by a well defined vein 
 running In a nortneast and southwest direction through about the center of the 
 Island. This vein carries a large per cent, of copper, and assays in gold and 
 silver. 
 
 On the first ledge are several claims owned by Charles and Fred Thulln 
 of Lund, and the Gulf of Georgia Prospecting Company. On the Island are 
 four claims located by Fred Buker, J. A. Robertson, O. W. Rafuse and C. R. 
 Graves, of Vancouver. The Buker property has recently been purchased bjr 
 John (^obeMlok, of London, who has. during the last few months, ac(|uired 
 extensive holdings In the Coast district for English parties. Assays on the 
 four claims ran^e from $12 to $20 In copper and gold. 
 
 Passing north along the Inlet. th«i formation Is granitic, cut in all direc- 
 tions by slate dikes for some four miles, when the formation becomes more 
 regular and more defined granite. In which are within the next two miles two 
 ledges of gneiss highly mineralized, and showing strong copper stains. Ahout 
 three miles further on there Is a narrow strip of low land separating Bute 
 Inlet from the Estero Basin, formed by slide matter, and It Is evident that at 
 one time Bute inlet and Frederic Arm were connected by what Is now 
 known as Estero Basin, a body of water some two miles wide by five In 
 length. For a mile and three-quarters from this point the formatlin is 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 16S 
 
 gray g;ranlte; then It Is cut by a belt of fine slate having an easterly and 
 westerly direction across the Inlet, and Is about a quarter of a mile In width. 
 This belt Is traceable through to the other Inlets, both to the north and south, 
 and contains several strong, well mineralized veins of quartz traceable for a 
 mile on either side of the inlet, through claims controlled bv C. R. Graves, of 
 Vancouver. Next to the slate lies a belt of porphyry thirty to forty feet 
 wide and about half a mile long, In contact with a volcanic conglomerate, with 
 which is found some lava. Next to this is a small belt of slliclous rock; 
 then dlorlte and granite, which extend seven miles up the inlet and contain 
 several unprospecteu veins; above this is an unbroken stretch of gray slab 
 slate for nearly seven miles, then the character of the slate changes to a finely 
 laminated green slate, containing numerous large pockets of quartz: then 
 gradually changes to an almost black slate containing a large quantity of 
 iron and looks like a mass of Iron rust clear to the summit. There are three 
 claims on this owned by S. Harlon. Next comes porphyry considerably min- 
 eralized. In this is a vein of da- k bluish gray quartz about six feet wide, well 
 defined and traceable for a ■ ilderable distance, which contains Iron and 
 copper sulphides. About IC teet farther on the south side is a strong vein 
 some twenty feet wide, of pale bluish quartz, showing much iron on the sur- 
 face. There are four claims on this vein owned by C. R. Gr.aves and others. 
 About a mile farther up the inlet E. D. Blanchfield. C. R. Graves and others 
 have four claims containing a three-foot vein carrying galena and gray 
 copper, which runs into a mountain 6,000 feet In height. Just north of this the 
 formation changes to granite, which continues to the head of the inlet. Two 
 large rivers enter the head of the Inlet through valleys that extend back to the 
 Chllcotin country, a region from which Indians have brought out specimens 
 of coarse placer gold; also quartz containing free gold. But little prospecting 
 has been done on Bute Inlet, the claims herein referred to having been located 
 within the past few months. 
 
 The Phillips Arm District extends from Bute Inltt northwesterly to Lough- 
 borough Inlet thirty miles and Includes Valdez, Thurlow and other Islands 
 -and the adjacent mainland. Between this district and Vancouver Island Is 
 Johnstone's Strait, the route of the Seattle- Alaska steamers; while between 
 the islands and the mainland is Cardero Channel, with sundry channels con- 
 necting it with Johnstone's Strait; while the mainland Is intersected by Phil- 
 lips Arm and Frederic Arm, each four or five miles long. The district affords 
 exceptional facilities for the economical handling of ore. , . . 
 
 The mountains rise sharply from the waters' edge, attaining elevation of 
 2 500 to 6.500 feet, with navigable water close to shore. Surface rocks are 
 e'hleflv granite and syenite, with occasionally some dlorlte. Two slate belts 
 are nromlnent, also a body of limestone. More prospecting and exploration 
 work has been done in this district than in any other portion of the coast 
 region. 
 
 The chief prospecting to date has been by canoe, the quartz showing at 
 the water's edge, and to a large extent the veins are capped over, the Quarta 
 w-eaklne through in places. The veins are strong, well defined and readily 
 traceable: the more tL country Is explored, the more thoroughly It Is found 
 tnhfl mineralized. The character of the ore varies with the locality, the 
 westlrW Kof the btlt being ouartz, heavlly^charged with sulphurets carry- 
 k>g gold, sliver and usually a little copper--the latter Increasing with deptK 
 while the easterly or mainland part of the district shows more copper at the 
 surface. Iron is present In all ore so far found. .,, ,, 
 
 T- T.,T,o iRQi T T Chambers located the Tilly, now known as the Alexan- 
 ^Hn nn ?h4 Snlknd on the wes^ Phillips Arm; during 1894 and 1895, 
 
 SJi^inartlcuKln the fall of 1895. Dan Leahey. Dan McCallum P. J. Smth. 
 OeorKriloward Mr. Archibald. Mr. McNerhcny. Walter Moore. Tom O'Brien. 
 A T Imlth^and a few other pioneers In the district made a number of loca- 
 i^ons chiefly on Valdez Island, abut'lng Cardero Channel on what Is locally 
 ♦LJ^;,?fhfi "black slate :'• this is located for over five miles, but the claimii 
 termed the DiacK siaie. "" ^^ within a few months assessment work 
 j!*''^,2orLne L a numL^n sorne instances developing promising working 
 has been done on a numoer. m Hu^ Seattle, made a number of location* 
 
 leads. _,In the fall f't^gflaQW Willis, of Van(;ouver, In them. The Channa 
 ^inJnir^romrany" of VancouveV^. C w'aa formed, acquiring the Griffith and 
 ?ome otherprSpertleland the •company did. during 1S96, a large amount of 
 deve!opnr.ent work ^ , ,^,„a extending over a mile on the vein. 
 
 The Alexandria ana anjuiiuiiB V „. j j Vancouver, development was 
 having passed under control oj^J^^^Xtlnued steadily, except for an Inter- 
 Btarled a^o'Jt J«"uary 1. 1M6, ?"^ ^^,^,f ""'^"rm Mines Company being formed 
 r"'V'°".J?v*il»7'^ This U» the rtritp^^^^^^^ »n the district on which develop- 
 in January. If®]- . This was J"« "^„^^ formation shows at the water a jyldth 
 ment work was done, .The mmerauzeo ror . ^^^^^^ ^^^^ „^ ^^^^ 
 
 of sixty-eight feet. A tunnel has '"^^^^e^^^" ranging from fifteen Inches to 
 straight haok from tWe water the I^aystreaKriiKi^ cross-cut was run 
 over fo.ir feet «" ,;*«1th. At '^'^''^/^'^fX entire sixty-eight feet would 
 across the formation. Fu ly w P^uenav streak Is shlpp ng ore, averaging 
 ^£jGri»'pSrTo^n.'''ffipro'irV Sf-htt about 100 "tUs. and U making 
 
 'mil 
 
 ipft. 
 
 ff 
 
^Ml^'' 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWBWT. 
 
 ■Qf^ll re^rular shipmeins. An air compresaor plant will be eatabllahed earljr 
 tn the sprinK nnri the development of the property pushed actively. 
 
 The Channe Mining Company was the next to commence operations andi 
 ha« done more development work than any other company In the district, hay- 
 ing: at one time owned some fvtTity claims. On the Bobby Burns group, on 
 Valdez Island, the development to date Is: 
 
 Bobby Burns-Tunnel 80 feet, open cross-cut 36 feet, open cut 40 feet. Tun- 
 nel 12 feet, open cut 38 feet. 
 
 Hetty Oreen— Tunnel 50 feet, shaft 30 feet; tunnel on second level 38 feet. 
 
 Daniel Webster— Shaft 32 feet. 
 
 The Poodle Dog, owned by this company and situated on Channe Island, 
 ha,B an eighty-foot t'.nnel. The IngersoU, also owned by the same company 
 and situated on the easterly side of Phillips Arm. shows a good body of 
 chalcopyrlte ore carryJng gold." Development work Is being pushed, there 
 being several open cuts and over 100 feet of tunnel work. 
 
 The British Columbia Development Company, in which Lord Sudley is a 
 large shareholder, has acquired holdings on which it has run about 150 feet o( 
 tunnel. 
 
 In Septeml>er last Ernest Grant-Govan, of London, visited the district and 
 arranged the purciiase of a number of properties from the Channe Mining 
 Company, by the Gold Fields of British Columbia Company. Mr. Grant- 
 Govan is managing director of this company and Is understood to be sn route 
 from London, the head office of the company, and upon his arrival a thorough 
 system of development of the company's holdings will be Inaugurated. 
 
 J. Cobeldlck, of London, representing parties whose investments In mines 
 In South Africa, Australia and New Zealand amount to several million pounds 
 sterling, has purchased several properties. In the district, the most important 
 being the Mountain Sheep and Portage on the copepr belt back of Estero 
 Basin. The ore body shows on the Portage over 100 feet wide, and in the can- 
 yon is exposed over 200 feet high. This vein was discovered by Fred Buker, 
 of Thurlow, B. C, late last fall, and snow fell before there was time for a 
 thorough examination. Mr. Cobeldlck, however, has had five or six men on 
 the Portage for the past six weeks and, although having bad weather to over- 
 come, they have made a very thorough examination of the ore In the canyon. 
 This ore body consists of two veins. Next to the dlorlte foot wall Is a quart* 
 ve?,n twenty to twenty-five feet wide, assaying |4.50 to $10 per ton, and concen- 
 trating more than twelve to one; then about fifty feet of granite; then ninety- 
 six feet of copper ore, a few feet of this being a handsome chalco-pyrlte and a 
 shipping ore. The balance is lower grade and will concentrate from eight to 
 fourteen into one, a cording to tests made. Mr. Cobeldlck has started a tun- 
 nel to cross-cut the vein matter about 200 feet below the outcrop. He leaves 
 Boon for England to ponfer with his associates as to method of developing 
 this property, which ' he says is the largest body of ore he ever saw. He 
 also considers that to work it to the best advantage requires systematic open- 
 ing of the property and erection of an extensive plant, It being the purpose 
 to treat the ore on the ground. 
 
 R. C. Forsyth, of Chicago, has two claims on the same vein and is preparing 
 to open them. North of the Cobeldlck property C. S. Douglas, of Vancouver, 
 controls two claims; next to these are three claims bwned by P. J. Smith and 
 Dan McCallum, of Thurlow, B. C, considered to be fully equal to the Cobel- 
 dlck property. 
 
 The formation, as shown In the canyon on the Portage, is a footwall of 
 dlorlte, slate hanging wall and back of the slate, granite; on the surface th» 
 granite overlies the vein matter and accompanying rock. Ore only shows 
 occasionally on the surface, except In gulches or other places where erosion 
 has occurred. 
 
 The copper properties located on Jervls Inlet, Toba Inlet, Estero Basin 
 and Loughborough Inlet are practically In a line, although covering a distance 
 of over seventy miles. Before the close of 1897 It is probable that the Estero 
 Basin property will be sufficiently developed to give an Idea of Its great value. 
 
 On Valdez Island, near the Bobby Burns group, the Bully Boy and Queen 
 Bee. both very promising properties, are being developed by Costello & Mc- 
 Morran, the cannerymen, associated with whom are Mr. 'Jrean, Dr. Carroll and' 
 Q. B. Harris, prominent Vancouvei capitalists. 
 
 There Is a fifty-foot shaft on the Queen Bee; the vein Is a strong on* 
 three and one-half feet wide and assays from 115 to $150 In gold. 
 
 The Channe Mining Company 5s opening the White Pine on Thurlow 
 Island. A tunnel has been run 140 feet, cross-cutting a thirty-eight inch vein, 
 and Is expected to soon reach 8 second vein of six feet. 
 
 The Northern Belle Mining Company, of Seattle, owns the Electric and 
 Union claims on Thnrlow Island. A twenty-foot shaft has been sunk on th« 
 Electric In an eight-foot vein of quartz that three or four feet from the sur- 
 face assayed over $27. 
 
 The Beaver Mining Cv>r.ipan3r ia opening the All Up and has driven a tun- 
 nel over 100 feet. 
 
 Considerable work has I oen done on the Coon near Fanny Bay, the Coon 
 group of six or seven claims being the property of the Fanny Bay Mining 
 Company, of Vancouver. This '•ompany owns a number of other claims la- 
 the dlBtrlct, on which more or less development work has been done. 
 
MiKmd IN THE PACfPiC NORTH WBST. 
 
 llf-' 
 
 k..*'^.^"in.^'' ?' claims were located on Loughbofough Inlet late In tH* »» 
 buM>o work has been done. Vei-y fine safiipl6'a of copper were brourfit hi' 
 rrOE^some of these claltna. 
 
 ji JS°^h,^?^}^ ^^ ^°^^ °" ^ ^^^^^ number of claims throughout thl8 diiktflM 
 ""'JBRP "^'' '" som^ Instances on an extensive scale. 
 
 Tfiere Is a steamer service from Vancouver to Phillips Arm twice a week, 8. 
 °v,P<?«»2,x o' "^"^ Union Steamship Company, of Vancouver, lea:vlng Vitf- 
 co^ivet Tuesdays and Fridays. 
 
 ^,T2»® entire Coast District affords an excellent field for the prosptect**, 
 white to the capitalist seeklnB a safe investment in mining. It oftlers thfe ni- 
 ducement of large bodies of low grade ores that will pay a good profit AM 
 situated where transportation charges are so light as to be merely nomltiftL 
 With development, the district is showing that, in addition to its low g'rafle 
 ores, It also possesses higi grade ore in quantity and that, while the aUStiy 
 vaiiue as a rule Is low on the surface, the ores increase in value as depth u 
 attained. On Tcxada Island, where a half dozen shafts are down sixty tim 
 or over, the "run of the vein" Is over $40 per ton. 
 
 HABBISON LAKE. 
 
 This beautiful body of water, which empties into the Fraser throngs 
 Harrison River near Agasslz Station «n the Canadian Pacific RaUroad, htut 
 until recently been known only as a pWasure and health resort, «Ie mlnera) 
 springs near its south end being the chief attraction. But during the iaat 
 summer gold and silver-bearing ore was found on the steep mountains rlaliv 
 from Its shores and it Is now attracting many prospectors. It is quite ao- 
 ceSBlble, for the Canadian Pacific will take one from Vancouver to Agasste, 
 seventy-one miles, and a dally stage runs thence to the Hot Springs, fl!v« 
 miles. From Seattle the route is by the Seattle & International-and CanadloJo 
 Pacific Railroads to Agasslz, 163 miles, and thence by stage. The lake to 
 navigable for steamers and durins high water steamers can run down Harri- 
 son River into Fraser River and thence to the ocean, so that water transpor- 
 tation can be used to the smelters at Everett and Tacoma. 
 
 The discoveries were only made last summer, but already development la 
 In progress with a view to shipping this summer from one property. This It 
 the Providence and Silver Bell, on the west shore of the lake, twenty-thret 
 miles from Hot Springs. An accidental discovery of silver in a piece of flOOtt 
 by James Trethewey led his father, Joseph O. Trethewey, to have It assayed 
 and It was found to carry »ia4.74 gold and silver. Prospecting caused th« 
 discovery of a ledge of gray quartzlte, traced up the mountain through tbrat 
 claims. A carload of surface ore was snipped last fall to the Everett smelter 
 and returned $28 gold and sliver, being found particularly acceptable, as It 
 contained considerable lime. The two claims named are now owned by th« 
 Providence Mining & Developing Company, which proposes to sink fifty feet 
 on the ledge and drift 300 feet Into the mountain, thus gaining 150 feet In depth. 
 Much higher assays have been obtained a few feet below the surface and • 
 
 Sarallel ledge twenty feet wide has been discovered, assaying from a few 
 oUars to $155, chiefly In gold. . . ^ ^ . . ^ .^ 
 
 The Star, on the extension up the mountain, has been acquired by th» 
 Harrison Lake Star Mining Company and will also be developed this year. 
 
 THE SMELTEBS. 
 
 Th« distance of the Pacific Northwest from the smelting centers and tb« 
 comparatively low grade of the bulk of the ores have combined to Induce tht 
 •rectlon of smelters In this section, within easy distance of the mines. Th* 
 smelters at Pilot Bay and Nelson, British Columbia, were erected men 
 oartlcularly to treat the ores produced from the mines of the companlet 
 which own them, although they also do some amount of customs busineai. 
 These smelters have been briefly described In connection with the mlnee d 
 which they are an adjunct. There are also three large smelters, which do » 
 mainly customs business, at Everett and Tacoma. Wash., and TraH, B. C, 
 
 The Everett smelter w^.s erected by the Puget Sound Reduction Company 
 at a cost of nearly $250,000. and stands on the south bank of the Snohomlirt 
 River near the point at Everett. In addition to the usual crushing and 
 ■araDlIng mill. It has two roe sting furnaces of a combined capacity of eighty 
 tons In twenty-four hours, and a third Is under construction, of seventy-fl*» 
 tons dally capacity. Ore is also roasted in heaps in the open air, when 
 Beceasltv reaulres. The smelting is done in three forty-two Inch water-jacket 
 bfastfu^naTs. to which the blast is furnished by No. 7 Root blowers. Only 
 two furnaces are now in operation, for lack of sufficient roasting capacity, 
 Sa thramount of cTude ore treated dally la slightly under 200 tons. Tto* 
 
 f 
 
 ?4 h 
 
1«8 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC f^ORTHWEST. 
 
 woiilil b« greater If more oxidized ores could be procured and wilt be increaaed 
 to :«X) tons as soon as the completion of the new roaster permits the third 
 funiMt-e to be blown In. The two sampling mills have a combined dally 
 capiiclty of 400 tons, so that they can supply a much larger roasting ana 
 furriiiif plant. The smeller Is now treating sulphide ore from the Le Rol 
 tnlnf In Trail Creek, galena ore from the SIbcan district, concentrates from 
 Monte Crlsto and low grade silver ore from the Broken HIIJ mine in Australia, 
 t>eHltlt» miscellaneous shipments from various parts of Washington, British 
 Coliinihia and Alaska. 
 
 The Tacoma smelting works, owned by the Tacoma Smelting & Reflning 
 Coni('i«ny, are on the water front between Tacoma and Point Defiance park. 
 It hai!< a lartje crushing and sampling works, a roasting furnace for treating 
 suli'liiile ores and two furnnces with a capacity of 160 tons a day, while the 
 building has capacity for three more stacks. The product of this plant, like 
 thai of the Everett works, is lead bullion and copper matte, in which gold and 
 silver lire carried hy the baser metals. 
 
 The smelter of the l?rltlsh Columbia Smelting & Refining Company la 
 iltt.ited on a bluff overlooking the Columbia River at the mouth of Trail 
 C^reek. It has a sampling mill of l.">0 to 200 tons daily capacity, an automatlo 
 jaiiiniiig furnaie of fifty tons dally capacity and six circular calclners, a 
 lust iliamber ISO feet long, four reverberatory furnaces with a capacity of 
 foit> tons each In twenty-four hours, a circular water-jacket furnace of 
 fon.v-live to Bfty-tive tons caiuuily, and a 200-ton rectangular blast furnace. 
 Two engines of sIxty-Hve and forty horse-power operate the machinery. 
 .Adiliiions made recently and now under construction will Increase the ca- 
 paeliy to SCO t» 400 tons a day and a refinery is also being erected. 
 
 All these three smelters have both rnll and water transportation. The 
 Everett smelter is on deep water near Puget Sound and is reached by the 
 3rtiit .Vorthern im<) F\erett »*l Monte Cristo Railroads, the latter connecting 
 :»itti the Northern raoKic and Canadian Pacific through the Seattle & Inter- 
 lation.il The Tacoma smelter Is on deep water on Puget Sound and the 
 Nontiern Pacific tracks enter the plant. The Trail amolter Is entered by the 
 Coliiniliia * Western narrow gauge railroad from Rossland, and has the 
 naxiiuiilile Cohimbhi River at Its front, with the Nelson &. Fort Sheppard Rail- 
 .rojitl on the opposite hank, by which connection is obtained with the Northera 
 Paeitic. Oreat Northern and Unkn Pacific Railroads. The Columbia River 
 *ieiiii..Ts Klve connection with the Canadian Pacific system. 
 
 The erection of smelters at Northtiort, Wash., and Vancouver, B. C, la 
 il.»o projeeted. the former being designed to treat both sllver-leau and pyrltlo 
 we Construction Is delayed however, pending the action of Congress on the 
 dtii.x on sHver-lead ores, of whleh the chief supply, for the present at lea«t, 
 would cone frein the Slocan district. 
 
 
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MINING TN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
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 DIGEST OF THE MINLNG LAWS OF THE ITNI'.TSD STATES, 
 WASHINGTON AND BRITISH COLUMBIA. 
 
 By Melvln G. Wlnstock, Attorney. Seattle, Wash. 
 
 ««.3ll®"®^®'" " ^?^^^ '^''•''*"' concerning any questions relative to an Intereat 
 ooMult a responsible attorney, if his advice Is worth ha\'lng. he will ckaimt 
 you a fee, but In the end this will prove an economy. Don't Mttenrot lo 
 draw your own legal contracts. Many a fortune has been lost in the attempt 
 or the mining man to be his own lawyer. 
 
 Definitions. 
 
 Ore,— Certain minerals In their natural condition. 
 
 Mlneral.-That which Is secured from a mine, from rv wklng In the ermamA. 
 «nd legally It Includes f?alt, coal and similar substance*. 
 
 Lode or Vein.— A llattened mass of metallic or earthy matter, a flaeuM is 
 the earth's crust filled with mineral matter. 
 
 A Mine.— A way or passage under ground. 
 
 Vein or Tunnel.— The first working vein found In the tuaael. 
 * Location.— The act of appropriating a parcel of land according to oertalB 
 established rules. A mining claim may contain one or more JoenttOTn 
 
 LAWS OF THE aNITED STATES. 
 
 Who May Locate. 
 
 Mineral lands are open to exploration and purchase by all dtlzene at tte 
 United States without n gard to sex and those who have declared their ts- 
 tentlon to embrace citizenship. All persons born or naturalized In the XJuMmC 
 States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, and none others, axe citUeBe. 
 
 What Lands May Be Located. 
 
 The right to mine can be given only in public lands, and said lands omat 
 eontain valuable mineral deposits. 
 
 Extent of Ground Open to Location. 
 
 No claim located shall exceed ±,500 feet along the vein nor shall It ^eeefll 
 too feet on each side of the middle of the vein at the surface. 
 
 It Is not necessary that the locator should be present on the groHni. 
 One may locate as agent for another. 
 
 Description. 
 The location must be along the vein or lode, It must be distinctly market 
 on the ground so that its boundaries can be correctly traced, that the reeort 
 contain reference to some natural object or permanent monument to ideatUy 
 the claim and that all the lines shall be parallel. Remaining details are 
 governed by rules and regulations established by the miners of each district 
 not Inconsistent with national or state laws. 
 
 Extent of Work Necessary. 
 One hundred dollars' worth of labor shall be performed on Improvement* 
 made each year. Where there are several owners and one or more fails to 
 do his share, he must be served with a personal notice or by publication in m 
 newspaper published nearest the claim, once a week for ninety days. If at 
 the expiration of such time said delinquent shall fall to do or perform lite 
 Share, then his Interest becomes the property of such of his co-owners tm 
 have performed the amount of work required by law. 
 
 How to Obtain a Patent. 
 
 Applicant must file in the proper Land Office an application for a pateat 
 under oath, showing a compliance with the law. He must file also a plat 
 and field notes of the claim or claims In common, made by or under the diree- 
 tlon of the Surveyor General, showing accurately the boundaries, which slutl 
 be distinctly marked bv monuments on the ground, and shall post a copy oC 
 such plat, together with a notice of such application for a patent. In a 
 consnlt uous place on the land or claim In question. This posting must be 
 done ptior to the filing of the application for a patent. He must aMo itte, 
 when he applies for his patent, ihe aflldnvlt of at least two persons that suob 
 notice .has been duly posted together with an exact copy of sucli notice. 
 
 The Register of the Land Office then causes to be published in a news- 
 
 
 A 
 
^IH MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 paper, by him designated as the neaieut to the claim, for sixty days, a notlo« 
 that such appltcrntlon for u patent has been made. He must for the Bame 
 period also post such notice In his office. - 
 
 At the time of filing his application, or within sixty days, ciflimant must 
 file with the register a certificate of the surveyor general that $500 worth of 
 UHbor has been exp«»hdcd ori Improvements made upon the claim by himself 
 or grantors, that the plat Is correct and shall give such other description as 
 Is necessary for Identlflcatlon, to be Incorporated In the patent. At the 
 aiyi of sixty days claimant must file his affldavlt showing that plat and notice 
 ■bsve been posted In a conspicuous place on claim during the period of publi- 
 cation. If no adverse claim Is filed within said sixty days, the law assumes 
 the applicant to be entitled to his patent upon payment to the proper officer 
 pf |5 per acre, for the land embraced within the claim. 
 
 How to Make an Adverse Claim 
 
 When an adverse cinim Is made during the sixty dy? period of publica- 
 tion, it must be under oath of the person or persons making the same and 
 •hall show the nature, boundaries and extent of such adverse claim and all 
 l^roceedlngs, except publication of notice and filing affidavits thereof, are 
 •tayed until the controversy Is settled by a court of competent jurisdiction or 
 the adverse claim Is waived. Within thirty days after filing adverse claim, 
 contesting party shall begin proceedings to determine the question of rl0bt 
 of possession and shall prosecute the same with reasonable diligence to nnal 
 Judgment. Failure so to do operates as a waiver. After such Judgment, the 
 ttarty entitled to possession may file with the register a certified copy of the 
 Jadgment roll, together with a certificate from the surveyor general that 
 the requisite amount of labor has been done on the claim and the description 
 required In other cases, shall pay to the register $5 per acre of such claim, 
 whereupon the whole proceedings and Judgment roll shall be certified by the 
 register to the general land commissioner and the patent issues. 
 
 Before Whom Oaths May Be Taken. 
 
 All affidavits required under the mining laws of the United States may be 
 made before any officer authorized to administer oaths within the land dis- 
 , trlct where the claim may be situated, and all proofs may be taken before 
 any such officer. 
 
 Miscellaneous. 
 
 The owner of a quartz mill or reduction works not owning a mine In 
 connection therewith may also receive a patent for his mill site, at 16 per 
 acre. 
 
 No one individual can enter or locate upon more than 160 acres nor c^n an 
 aaoociation enter upon more than 320 acres. 
 
 The government before patent issues requires payment for mining land 
 at. the rate of $10 per acre where claim is situated more than fifteen miles 
 tPom a railroad, and $20 per acre where such claim is located less than fifteen 
 miles from such railroad. 
 
 WASHINCtTON CININO LAWS. 
 
 In the State of Washington there is a mining board constotlng of' the 
 Bovernor, lieutenant governor and the btate treasurer, the object of which is 
 to collect Information concerning the i^roduction of all precious and rmejnil 
 ■rtnerals of the state, and to perform sich otner duties as Will adva&oe the 
 mineral interests. 
 
 Hinlng Claim Governed by Law in Forpe at Time of IjitQ^t^tlf^:^ 
 All mining claims upon veit.s or lode.i of quartz or other roclj: in i^9/>e> 
 t>earing gold, silver or other valuable ninerul deposits heretoforA lopkiM, 
 shall be governed as to length along the v<')in or lode by the cimton^, r«^4|ui- 
 tlons and laws in force at the date of sucl, looation. 
 
 Form and Extent of Miniug Claim Limited. 
 A mining claim located upon any vein or lode of quartz or other rock la 
 iplace, bearing gold, silver or other valuable mineral depostta^ d4itfit tlie 
 approval of this act by the governor, whethetr located: by one or moieiinMr- 
 sons, may ef<ual, but shall not exceed, 1,500 feet in lenirth alaiOK tha wetn er 
 lode; but no location of a mining claim shall be made UDtU the- dlMaKei3r<oC 
 the vein or lode within the limits of the claims located. Ne c^'i^lni shall ax- 
 tend more than 300 feet on each side <^ the middle of the vete at tlua suataoe. 
 Dor shall any claim be limited by any mining regulation to leea than 'iUi|ir.4eet 
 of surface on each side of the middle of such vein or lode, &t tlM suvta^i 
 excepting where adverse rlghta, existing at the ds<te of the-«pi)iyMral. edt tMs 
 tact, shall make such limitation necessary. The end Unofi 9^ ahbJi -daim shall. 
 <tM parallel to each other. 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 m 
 
 Bight of Possession of Mining Claims. 
 The locators of all mlnlnK locations heretofore made, or hereafter made 
 under the provlslona of this chapter, on any mineral vein, lode, or ledge on 
 the public domain, and thtlr heirs and assigns, so long us they comply with 
 the laws of the United States and the state and local laws relating thereto, 
 ■hall have the exclusive right to the possession and enjoyment of all surface 
 Included within the lines of their location, and of all veins, lodes and ledges 
 throughout their entire depth and the top or apex of which lies within the 
 surface lines of such location, extending downward vertically, although 
 such veins, lodes or ledges may ao far depart from the perpendicular In their 
 course downward as to extend outside of the vertical side line of said surface 
 Location. 
 
 Work Bequired on Mining Claims — Local Begrulations. 
 
 The miners of each mining district may make any rules and regulations 
 froverning this (the) location and amount of worli necessary to hold posaea- 
 Bion of a mining claim, not In conflict with the laws of the United States or 
 of this state; but on each claim it shall be necessary to do at least |100 worth 
 of work each year and the tlrst year shall date from the date of location of 
 such claim. A failure to comply with this requirement shall work a forfeit- 
 ure of the claimant's right to such claim, and the same shall become subject 
 to relocation. 
 
 Becorder of Mining Districts — Becords of. 
 The miners of each mining district may elect a recorder of the said 
 district. When so elected, such recorder shall provide books of record, In 
 which it shall be his duty to record all notices of locations or transfers, 
 bonds, conveyances or assignments of mining claims within his district when 
 the same shall be presented to him for record. Such records are public rec- 
 ords, open to inspection, and shall have the same force and effect, ao far as 
 notice is concerned, as the record of deeds and mortgages. 
 
 Election, Powers and Duties of Becorder. 
 
 Wlien a recorder shall be elected, he shall hold his office for a term of one 
 year from the date of his election, and until his successor is elected and quali- 
 fied. He shall, immediately after his election, file with the county auditor of 
 the county In which his district is situated, an oath to the effect that he will 
 faithfully discharge the duties of his office. He shall be a certifying officer, 
 and certified copies of his records shall have the same force and effect aa 
 similar papers certified by other officers of this state. His fees shall be the 
 ■ame as those of the county auditor for similar work, and should the office of 
 recorder of any mining district at any time become vacant, it shall be the 
 duty of the person last holding said office, and of any person into whoae 
 noasesslon the same may come, to forthwith transmit all records, papers and 
 Slea of said office to the auditor of the county In which said district la located, 
 wid such auditor sha'l thereafter keep the same as part of the records and 
 flies of bin office. 
 
 Location Notices, Etc., to Be Becorded by County Auditoi:, 
 
 All location notices, bonds, assignments and transfOTS at mining clftlins 
 ■haU ba recorded In the office of the county auditor of the county whera Jme 
 ISme la sHuatcd. within thirty days after the execution thereof; proyi^. 
 ^at all recoMs of nrinlng claims and of as^nments, deeds, bonds &j0 
 ^nafers heretofore made (that Is prior to ISffl) by any recorder of Any 
 fi^Ui* district, or by any county auditor, are valid. 
 
 Aliens. 
 
 Aliens are not prohibited from acquiring mineral land*. 
 
 Water for Mlninjg. 
 The use of the waters of this state for irrigation, mining, and manufao- 
 turing purposes is deemed a public use. 
 
 B«i8i9« C9T ftiAt, AU, fioal. 
 Borlnir for salt. «* and coal may be done by the county commissioners 
 by ?ped^ ta* levy, on presentment of proper petition and after election la 
 -:^vor of the same. 
 
 Taxation of Mines and Jltolng Fropeyty. 
 
 fitates are subject to taxation. . ^ ,. ♦ 
 
 il"f.'*'i?!!uSd"aSS**et"c? ln^'th?toprovementa thereon shall be 
 a«|l"dlt%e''pricraf wh%h t^^^ would^sell at a fair voluntary sale 
 
 -i^onsh. 
 
 
 ii.A 
 
172 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 Miner's Li«n. 
 
 All persons doing work upon or furnishlnK mat«trlaln for mtnen or mliilns 
 claims nave a lien upon tne same for the worjc done or matHrlals furnished. 
 
 Contractors and builders are deemed agt^nts of owners. 
 
 The claim of lien must be tiled with the county auditor within ninety day* 
 from the time of last work doi.u or last materials furnlshod. 
 
 A lien binds property for eight months unless proceedlnga be comraenoed 
 or time be extended. 
 
 Evidence. 
 
 Certified copies of recorded Instruments are received In evidence the same 
 •a the originals. 
 
 Mining recorders and county auditors may certify copies of Instrumentft 
 of record concerning mines and the same may be used In evidence. 
 
 Crimes. 
 
 The fraudulent sale of mines, or salting or misrepresenting to accomplisb 
 the sale, Is a felony. 
 
 Fraudulently changing samples or assays with Intent to defraud, la 
 felony. 
 
 Making or giving a false assay or sample with Intent to d*>fraud Is felony. 
 
 Robbing a vein, sluice-box, quart7.-mlll, etc., or trespassing upon a mining 
 claim with Intent to commit a felony, is felony. 
 
 Deed of Mining Claim, XJuited States. 
 
 THIS INDENTURE. Made the day of 
 
 in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and ninety 
 
 BETWEEN 
 
 .the part.... of the first part, and 
 
 part. 
 
 of 
 
 the part of the second part, WITNESSETH: That the said 
 
 the first part, for and in consideration of the sum of 
 
 DOLLARS of the United 
 
 Stn'ss of America, to In hand paid by the said part of the 
 
 second part, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, ha granted, 
 
 barsnined, sold, remised, released and forever quit claimed, and by these 
 
 presents do grant, bargain, sell, remise, release and forever quit-claim 
 
 unto the said part of the second part, and heirs and assigns. 
 
 TOGETHER with all the dips, spurs and angles, and also all the metals, 
 ores, gold and silver-bearing quartz, rock and earth therein; and all the 
 rights, prlvllegea and franchises thereto Incident, appendant and appur- 
 tenant, or therewith usually had and enjoyed; and, also, ail and singular the 
 tenements, hereditaments and appurtenances thereunto belonging or In any- 
 wise appertaining, and the rents, Issues and profits thereof; and. also, all 
 the estate, rlsht. title. Interest, property. poHsesslon, claim and demand 
 whatsoever, aa well In law as In equity, of the said part of the first 
 
 Sart, of. In or to the said premises, and every part and parcel thereof, with 
 le appurtenances. 
 
 TO HAVE AND TO HOLD, all and singular, the said premises, together 
 with the appurtenances and privileges thereunto Incident, unto the said 
 part of the second part, heirs and assigns forever. 
 
 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the said part of the first part ha.... 
 
 hereuiito set '. '.'.'."•'.*. '.V.'.'.U'handV.'.V and Beal'.'.'.*."t'he day and year first above 
 
 written. 
 
 Signed, Sealed and Delivered in the Presence of 
 
 .(Seal.) 
 .(Seal. I 
 .(Seal. I 
 .(Seal. I 
 .(SeaL) 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 in 
 
 of 
 
 Location Cei-tiflcat&— Lode Claim. 
 
 Know all men by these protents, that I, 
 
 of the county of State of claim by right of dis- 
 covery and location fpet, linear and hoiizontHi measurement, on 
 
 the lode, along the vein thereof, with nil Us dips, variations and 
 
 anKles; together with ftet In width on each aide of the middle of 
 
 said vi'ln at the surface, and all veins, lodes, ledges, deposits an J surface 
 
 ground within the lines of said claim; feet on said lode running 
 
 from the center of the discovery shaft, and feet running 
 
 from said center of discovery shaft. 
 
 Said claim 1b situated In the of , In mining 
 
 district, county of Sta^e of , and Is bounded and 
 
 described as follows: 
 
 Date of discovery, , 189.. Staked and located 189.. Date 
 
 of certificate 189.. 
 
 AttuBt: 
 
 >s a part of this form, and in addition to the data therein given, the 
 claimant Is required to ft' te the names of adjoining claims, and if none ad- 
 join, the relative posltloio of those nearest, or show by affidavit or otherwise 
 why this Is not done. This is an essential requirement. 
 
 This notice must be recorded In the office of the mining recorder and in 
 the office of the auditor of the county In which claim Is situate. 
 
 Location Certificate — Placer Claim. 
 
 Know all men by these presents, that I 
 
 the undersigned citizen of the United States, resident of the county of 
 and State of having compiled with the provi- 
 sions of chapter 6, title 32 of the Revised Statutes of the United States, and 
 with local customs, law.«< and regulations, claim by right of discovery an,1 
 location, as a placer claim, the following premises situate, lying and being In 
 
 mining district (or county), county of and State or 
 
 , to wit: (Description.) 
 
 To be known as : (Name.) 
 
 Located 189... Date of Certificate 189... 
 
 Contract to Sell and to Buy. 
 
 I vendor, hereby agree to sell to • . 
 
 and I purchaser, agree to buy of the said 
 
 the lode mining claim, situate, etc 
 
 The agreed consideration of said sale Is % cash In hand paid, the re- 
 ceipt whereof Is hereby acknowledged; $ to be paid within dayil 
 
 from the date hereof, and $ within days from such date, making 
 
 * ^B'ald''v^ndory°^\°hln^f;.^^■:.^. days from date, will deliver to purchaser or 
 his attorney an abstract of title duly certified by the clerk and recorder of 
 ■aid county, or by some reputable abstract office together with all the original 
 title papers which are In his possession or within his power to prpduce. 
 
 And within said time will place In escrow In a good and sufflclent 
 
 warranty deed conveying to said or such person as he shaU 
 
 nominate, the said premises, clear of encumbrances, to be by ';;'°h •.•■.. •.•:;•:• 
 held In escrow until Anal payment be made under this contract or defauU U 
 made under the same. Deposit with said •••••••:"•••: ^o the credit c. venaor 
 
 ■hall be eaulvalent to payment of any said installment. 
 
 Time la the eMence of this contract as to each and every Instalim^rt, and 
 »f ftnv installment or Installments be not paid within the time or times hereby 
 llmUed therS all prevlouVln.stallments shall be and remain the property 
 l» ill^ «onHnr Vh« deed in escrow shall be returned to him for cancellation, 
 Snrt.hAnronertyshafi remain h^^^^ unaffected and unencumbered by thU 
 ^^ntrart*^ Xt If he fa\f to delWer at.atract within said period, or to deposit 
 Sr^ .f^Pd m escrow or f his title prove encumbered or otherwl.'^e not inarket- 
 Shle vendee S^ecovVr any an^ Installments paid, or may sue for spe- 
 Slflc'performS and for a perfect title, or for damages, or otherwise ^ h« 
 
 '^^Vunew'^'thS-hand. and seal, of «ald parties thl day of 
 
 A. D. (Seal.) 
 
 !!!"!"!..! (SeaL) 
 
 Bond and Ajrreement for Sale. 
 Thl. agreement m.de and «n|,fSe'^Snty of' •.•.•.'.•.. .*^. BtaVe of-.V.^!!!::: 
 te^.^Si-r fli^t-Hnnrand;^^^^^. of the county of 
 
 ih9 said Pn'-tr-- "' *t?,^!?°"ay Srcause to he nald to the «Hld part.... of 
 '^O"* /'It *'"!.•«*' t*' ^ (I ) dollars \n gold coin, he will, upoa 
 
 
 ' ^ ' 
 
 i- ,' 
 
 ■1 
 
lH' 
 
 M1N«]»& IfT -mE PACIJWC WOI«"^WB«P. 
 
 second part the title to all of th.. certain lot, piece or psroel of land sUuatCL 
 
 lying and being in the county of State of bounJed OMa 
 
 parOTJUlarly described as follows, to wit: 
 
 The said part., of the first part further agree., that the said part of 
 
 the second part agents, employes or assigns may at any time durlngt 
 
 said period of enter upon said premises and work, mine and prospcKst 
 
 the same in such manner as may deem best, and mill any ore that 
 
 may be taken therefrom (provided all work done thereon shall be done In a 
 
 good,, workmanlike manner), and may place thereon (and remove at 
 
 pleasure) such machinery and fixtures as may be necessary for the convenient 
 working thereof. 
 
 The .said part of the second part hereby agree., that In the working:. 
 
 mining or prospecting of said premises will not suffer or permit any 
 
 lien to attach thereto for or in consequence of any indebtedness may 
 
 incur for labor, materials or Improvements may employ, purchase or 
 
 place upon said premises during the said period of ; and that in caso 
 
 they shall fail to pay or cause to be paid to said part of the first 
 
 part the said sum of $ within said period of will, at th« 
 
 expiration of said period of time, quit and surrender to said part of the 
 
 first part the said premises, and will within days thereafter remove 
 
 any machinery ard fixtures that may have placed thereon. 
 
 It Is mutually understood and agreed that the stipulations and agreements 
 herein contained shall apply to and bind the heirs, executors, admlni."itratora 
 and assigns of the respective parties hereto. 
 
 In witness whereof, the said parties have hereunto set their hands and 
 Beals the day and year first above written. 
 
 (Seal.) 
 
 (Seal.) 
 
 , (Seal.) 
 
 How to Incorporate a Company. 
 
 Under the laws of uie State of Washington any two or more persons may 
 make and subscribe written artit les of inccrporation in tripllcjte, and 
 acknowledge the same before any oflicer authorized to take acknowledgement 
 of deeds. One copy must be filed in the office of the secretary of state, one in 
 the office of the auditor of the county in which the principal place of bu.sinesa 
 of the corporation is to be located, the other remaining in the possession of 
 the corporation. Said ai deles shall state the corporate name of the company, 
 the object for which the same shall be formed, the amount of its ca3ltai 
 Btock, the time of its existence, not to exceed fifty years, the number of 
 shares of which the capital stock shall consist, the number of trustees and 
 their names, who shall manage the concerns of the company for such length 
 of time (not less than two nor more than s'x months) as may be designated tn 
 Buch certificate, and the hame of the city, town or locality and county In 
 which the principal place of business of the company is to be located. No 
 corporation shall commence business or Institute proceedings to condemn 
 land for corporate purposes until the whole amount of its capital stock shall 
 have been subscribed for. Stock of corporations is deemed pei-sonal prop- 
 erty. 
 
 BBITISH COLUMBIA. 
 
 The greateat particularity Ib required under the mining: laws of British 
 Columbia. The act concerning mines at present In force throug:h Brltislli 
 Columbia was passed April 17, 1896. 
 
 Interpretation of Terms. 
 The following is the interpretation of terms used In the construction of 
 the mineral act: 
 
 "Mine" shall n.ean any land In which any vein or lode, or rock In place, 
 shall be mined for gold or other minerals, precious or base, except coal. 
 
 "Mineral" shall mean all valuable deposits of gold, silver, platinum, 
 iridium, or any of the platinum group of metals, mercury, lead, copper, iron, 
 tin. zinc, nickel, alumi;.um, antimony, arsenic, barium, bismuth, boron, bro- 
 mine, cadmium, chromium, cobalt. Iodine, magnesum, manganese, molybde- 
 num, phos|ihoru.s, plumbago, potassium, sodium, strontrlum. aulphur or any 
 combination of the aforementioned elements with themselves or with any 
 other elements, asbestos, emery, mica and mineral plgmenis. 
 
 "Limesiorie. marble, clay or any buMding stone, when mined for building 
 
 purposes." shall ;iot l>e considered as mineral within the moaning of the act. 
 
 "Kock in place" shall mean all ri> k in place bearing valuable deposits oiT 
 
 mineral within the meaning of the act. 
 
 "Vetn" or "lode"— Whenever either of these terms Is used In the act, "rock 
 in place" shall be deemed to be included. 
 
 "Mineral claim" shall mean the personal right of property or interest 1» 
 any mine. 
 
 
I 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 19 
 
 ••Mining property" shall Include every mineral claim, ditch, mlU-slte or 
 water right used for mining purposes, and all other things belonging to a 
 mine or used In the working thereof. 
 
 "Legal post" shall mean a stake standing not less than four feet above 
 the ground, and square or faced on four sides for at least one foot from th» 
 top, and each side so squared or faced shall measure at least four Inches oa 
 Its face so far as squared or faced, and any stump or tree cut oft and squared 
 or faced to the above height and size. 
 
 •'Mill site" shall mean a plat of ground located as defined by the act for 
 the purpose oi erecting thereon any machinery or other works for trtuis- 
 portmg, crushing, reducing or sampling ores, or for the transmission of 
 power for working mines. 
 
 ''Streams" shall Include all natural water courses, whether usually con- 
 taining water or not, and all rivers, creeks and gulches. 
 
 '•Ditch" shall include a flume, pipe or race, or other artificial means for 
 conducting water by its own weight, to be used for mining purposes. 
 
 *Ditch-head" shall mean the point In a natural wate^- course, or lake or 
 oth^r source, where water is first taken into a ditch. 
 
 "Free miner" shall mean a person, or joint stock company, or foreign 
 company named In, and lawfully possessed of, a valid existing free miner** 
 certificate, and no other. 
 
 "Record," register" and "registration" shall have the same meaning, and 
 ■hall mean an entry in some official book kept for that purpose. 
 
 "Full Interest' shall mean any mineral claim of the full size, or one of 
 •everal shares Into which a mineral claim shall be equally divided. 
 
 "Cause" shall include any suit or action. 
 
 "Judgment" sh ,11 Include "order" or "decree." 
 
 "Real estate" shall mean any mineral land In fee simple under any act 
 relating to gold mines or to minerals other than coal. 
 
 "Joint stock company" shall mean any company duly incorporated for 
 mining purposes under the "Companies Act," "Companies Act, 1890." and any 
 company duly Incorporated In British Columbia for mining purposes under 
 the "Companies Act, 1862," (Imperial), and shall Include all companies, 
 whether foreign or local, registered or Incorporated under the "Companle* 
 Act," 1894. C. 32, S. 2. 
 
 Free Miners and Their Privileges. 
 
 Every person over 18 years of age and every joint stock company may 
 become a free miner by tak'ng out a r-'lner's certificate, the cost of which ti 
 )6 per annum. 
 
 Minors who take the benefit of this act are regarded as of full age in all 
 mining transactions. 
 
 Miner's certificate to a jol it stock company must be issued in its corpor- 
 ate name. Such a certificate may be issued for one or more years and can- 
 not be transferred. . . 
 
 A fine of $26 is provlced as a penalty for such as work at mining without 
 first obtaining the necessary certllirate. 
 
 rbvery owner of a mine or contractor for the performance of work upon 
 a mine must take out a licence certificate for each and every employee or 
 updn conviction pay a penalty of one hundred dollars, in addition to the 
 unpaid license fees. 
 
 A free miner may kill game for his own use. 
 
 A free miner may obtain a now certificate for one lost on paying 11. 
 
 Should co-owner fall to pay for his free miner's certificate, his interest 
 goes to his co-owners pro rata according to their former interests. 
 
 A shareholder in a Joint stock company need not be a free holder. 
 
 A free miner may claim 1,500 by 1.500 feet. But all angles murt be right 
 angles and all measurements must be horizontally. 
 
 A free miner may cut timber on Crown lands, ,...•» ♦!.. 
 
 A free miner may obtain a f.ve-acre miU-site upon Crown lands in the 
 
 A clainf^lnay "be held from year to year by work being done to the value 
 
 ** Two claims ln°each'"mlning division, i;ot on tha sp.mo vein or lode, may be 
 held, and more than one on the same vein, if held '.ly a purchaser 
 
 A claim must be marked by two legal posts, each ^our inches square and 
 DJt less than four feet above the pround They n-ust be numbered 1 and 1. 
 
 A legal (lost marked "Dibcovery Post" must also be placed on the lode 
 
 ^^'on No'^YnJ^rmusf be written: (1) Initial Post. (2) The name of the 
 claim (8) Th'; name of the locator. (4) The date of loMtion. (5) Approxl- 
 mati heHrlDK of No 2 noft. (6) Length and brt"»dth of the nlatm. (7) The 
 dumber of feet to the rSfht and the number of feet to the left of the location 
 
 ""on No. t post must be written: (!> TVo name of the claim. (J) The name 
 
 Of tiie looBtor. (S) The date of locfltlon. „._i,j^ h« M>aln« trmttM nr 
 
 The line from No. 1 to No. 2 must be distinctly marked by biasing trees or 
 
 pUwting peetBi 
 
176 
 
 • MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 Locations made on Sunday or public holidays are not for that reason 
 Invalid. 
 
 Lodes discovered In tunnel may be held If recorded In fifteen days. 
 
 A free miner may, on the payment of $500 In lieu of expenditure on claim, 
 obtain a Crown grant. 
 
 Any miner may, at the discretion of the gold commissioner, obtain a 
 water right for a term of twenty years. 
 
 No transfer of any mineral claim or interest shall be enforcable unless 
 in wr'ting, signed and recorded. 
 
 No minor shall suffer from any act of omission or commission, or delays 
 on the part of government oflicials. 
 
 No claim shall be open to location during the last Illness of the holder, 
 nor within twelve months after his death, unless by permission jf the gold 
 commissioner. 
 
 A mineral claim must be recorded within fifteen days after location, if 
 within ten miles of office of the mining recorder. One additional day Is al- 
 lowed for every additional ten miles or fraction thereof. 
 
 Partnerships, unless othtrwise specified, will be deemed to be annual. The 
 business shall pertain to mining and to mining only. Partnerships can lo- 
 cate and record one claim for each partner. 
 
 If any partner should fail to keep up his free miner's certificate, his prop- 
 erty in the partnership shall revert to his partners pro rata according to 
 their former interests. A partner owning any part of a share Is entitled to a 
 vote, but the result of- the vote shall be determined by the full interests voted 
 upon. A majority can make assessments. Assessments must be paid within 
 thirty days.. Any partner failing to pay assessment will be permanently 
 liable to the partnership and his interest may be sold to satisfy the assess- 
 ment. But a partner may, by proper notice to the foreman or manager, 
 abandon his interest, after which he will not be liable for assessments. 
 
 Limited partnerships may be entered Into; but "Limited" must become a 
 part of the partnership name. 
 
 Necessary Labor to Be Done. 
 
 Work on each mining claim to the value of onfe hundred dollars must be 
 done every year from the date of record of the mineral claim. An aflldavit 
 made by the holder, or his agent, setting out a detailed statement of the 
 work done must be filed with the gold commissioner or mining recorder, and 
 a certificate of the vvork obtained and recorded before the expiration of each 
 "•onr from the date of record of said claim. A free miner holding adjoining 
 l■.:^ "n I may, subject to filing notice of his intention with the gold commla- 
 e\r m ■• or mining recorder, perform on any one ot more of such claims, all the 
 At ", required to entitle him to a certificate of work for each claim. Th« 
 ss'ie provision applies to two or more free miners holding adjoining claims la 
 rtnershlp. In lieu of the above work the miner must pay one hundred 
 dollars and get a receipt and record the same. 
 
 Itaw Concerning Placer Mineft. 
 
 Placer claims shall be divided Into creek diggings, bar diggings, dry dig- 
 gings, bench diggings and hill diggings. 
 
 Every free miner shall be entitled to locate and record a placer clplm 
 on each separate creek, ravine or hill, but not more than two claims In the 
 same locality, only one of which shall he a creek claim. He shall be allowed 
 to hold any number of placer claims by purchase. 
 
 A "creek claim" shall lie 100 feet long, measuring the d'rectlon of th« 
 general course of the stream, and shall extend in width from base to baM 
 of the hill or bench on each side, but when the hills or benches are less than 
 100 feet apart the claim shall be 100 feet square. 
 
 In "bar diggings" a claim shall be a strip of land 100 feet long at high 
 waler mark, and In width extending from high water mark In the river to Itfl 
 lowest water level. Dry diggings, 100 feet square. 
 
 In "bench diggings" a claim shall be 100 feet square: provided, that th« 
 gold comnilsrinr.er has authority, where a bench Is narrow, to extend the 
 llmltR of a claim beyond the limits of the bench, but not to exceed 100 fee". 
 ■Quare. 
 
 In "hill diggings" a claim shall have a base line or frontage v-i liH f«e'<. 
 drawn pBrnllel to the main dlrertlon of the stream or ravine or which « 
 fronts. Parallel lines drawn from eaoh end to the line at right arglen th^f^t- 
 to. and running to the summit of the hill, shall constitute the side !in^ 
 thereof. Legal posts shall be placed 100 feet apart on hoth the base line ana 
 tl>e side lines, and no claim shall extend beyond the posts so placed. 
 
 If any free miner, or party of free miners, discover a new mlno. placer 
 claims or the following sir.es. In dry, bar. bench, creek or hill diggings shall 
 he nllowed, vIk: to one dlocoverer. one claim 300 feet In lenpth: to a party of 
 two dli«<'f>verfrH. two claims, amounting together to «fl0 feet In length; to a 
 party of three discoverers, three ctnlms. amounting fo WW feet Ir length; to 
 a r>arty of four rtlscnverers. four claims, amciintlng together to 1.000 feet In 
 length; and to ea«'h member of a party beyond fotir In number, a claim of the 
 ordinary sUe only. ▲ creek discovery claim iball «xt«nd on «ach aide of th» 
 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 vn 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 c«nter of the creek as far as the nummlt of the hill, but not exceeding l.OOO 
 feet. 
 
 A new stratum of auriferous earth, grravel, or cement, situated in a local- 
 ity where a)l placer claims are abandoned, shall be deemed a new mine. 
 
 In defining the size of olacer claims, they shall be measured horizontally, 
 irrespective of inequalities on the surface of the ground. 
 
 Any location made on Sunday or any public holiday shall not for that 
 reason be invalid, any law or statute to the contrary notwithstanding. 
 
 How to Locate Placer Clailins. 
 
 A placer claim must be as nearly as possible rectangular, and marked by 
 four legal posts at the corners. The posts must be at least four inchea 
 square. One post must be marked "Initial Post," and on that post a written 
 notice must be placed stating: The name of the claim, the length of the 
 claim in feet, its general direction; the date of notice and name of locator. 
 "If any side line extends 100 feet in length, legal posts must be placed on such 
 line not exceeding 100 feet apart. 
 
 What Must Be Recorded. 
 
 Placer claims must be recorded within three days after location, if within 
 ten miles of the mining recorder's ofiice, and one additional day is allowed for 
 each additional ten miles or fraction thereof. 
 
 Placer claims may be recorded for one or more years on payment of fees 
 — ^2.B0 for each year. 
 
 Transfers must be in writing signed by the transferer and recorded In the 
 mining recorder's ofHce, and within the time required for recording placer 
 claims. 
 
 The holder of a placer claim has no right to any vein or lode within lt» 
 limits, except by location and record under the mining act. 
 
 Taxes on Mines. 
 
 An annual tax of 25 cenLs for every acre and fractional part of an acre 
 of land conveyed by the crown must be paid on the 30th day of June and said 
 tox becomes a charge upon the claim and In default of payment said claim 
 -n »y be sold. Such taxes are remitted if the owner proves to have clone $:iOO 
 •worth of work on the claim for the year during which said taxes are assessed. 
 
 ly^ V Legal Forms. 
 
 J.ider the law of British Columbia the government has prescribed cer- 
 '^},« Vorms and these must be followed absolutely: Such as Location Notice, 
 (i ■ u'-d of Mineral Claim, Record of Partnership Mineral Claim, Application 
 ".f ''- rtlficate of Work, Certificate of Work, Certldcate of Improvements, 
 in!' ation for Certificate of Improvements, Certlflcute of Improvements, 
 i^V i-r Recorder's Certificate, Mlli Site (notice). Mill Site (affldavit of appll- 
 caat prior to lease), Lease of Mill Site, Mill Site (affidavit of applicant prior 
 to Crown grant). Mill Site (certificate of Improvements). Tunnel or Drain 
 License, Mill Site (application for Crown Grant). Water Notice, Water (grant 
 of water right). For a Full Claim. For a Fractional Claim. These may be 
 found in the act relating to gold and other minerals excepting coal. Passed 
 April 17, 1S96. 
 
 Scale of Fees to Be Charged. 
 
 For every free miners' certificate (for each year) J5.00 
 
 Every substituted certificate LW 
 
 Recording any claim • |W 
 
 Ifecorrting every certificate of work is.ou 
 
 Bflcordlng any 'May oyer" or every other record required to be made in ^ ^ 
 
 ilev'ordiiig e^v^iTi^y almndonmenti'i'ncViidinVthe'memoran^^ be written ' 
 
 For ^a nv o\'l?e? record made' in "the" '''R'ecord of" A bando A menVs;': ! ! ! ! ! ! ! V ! ! aiso 
 For recording every afhdavlt, where the same does not exceed three folios 
 of 100 words ••••• ^-S 
 
 FS*'alVm"ordamade In the "Record of Conveyances." where the same do 
 
 FoV e^^TfolVrover^fclVfurihefc^^^^^^^^ " ' 
 
 For an cop'es or exiraciH from any record In any of the above-named 
 books where such a copy or extract shall not exceed three 'oIIob. per ^^ 
 
 W-V.^re Kurh copiei' or extViL;jtB exceed ' three filiosV W "ients per "f oiii for 
 •very folio over three. m 
 
 For fllln,r any document """I!!!!.!!!!.. B.'oO 
 
 For s Crown grant 
 
 s 
 
 k 
 
 'i '' 
 
VB 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 MINERAL OEFICERS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. 
 
 Minister of Mines— Hon. Col. James Balcer. 
 Provincial Mineralogist— W. A. Carlyle. 
 Public Assayer— H. Carmlchael. 
 
 Mining Recorders. 
 Nanalmo — M. Bray, Nanalmo. 
 
 New Westminster — D. Robson, New Westminster. 
 East Kootenay— J. Stirxet eonald; F. j:. Lang, Golden; G. Golilie, Wln- 
 
 M. Phillips, Tobacco Plains, 
 velstoke; Corry Mlnhennick, Lardeau; 
 aslo; W. J. Goepel, Nelson; J. Kirkupu 
 Taylor, Trout Lake; R. J. Scott, lUo- 
 
 dermere; C. M. Edwards, Fot 
 
 West Kootenay— J. H. Gra j 
 A. Sproat, New Denver; Jolm K 
 Roesland; J. C. Rykert, Rykert's: 
 oillewaet. 
 Cariboo— W. Stephenson, Quesnelle Forks; J. Bowren, Barkervllle. 
 
 Yale— W. Dodd, Yale; L. Norris, Vernon; C. A. R. Lambly, Osoyooa; "W? 
 .McMynn, Midway; H. Hunter, Granite Creek; Q. C. Tunstall, Kamloops. 
 
 Llllooet-C. A. Phair, Lillooet; F. Soues, Clinton. 
 
 Cassiar— Ezra Evans, Manson Creek Omineca; Jas. Porter, Laketon. 
 
 >: Iberni— Thos. Fletcher, Alberni. 
 
 Vntorla— W. S. Gore, Victoria. 
 
 Gold Commissioners. 
 For ti.e Province— W. S. Gore. 
 Alberni- -Thos. Fletcher, Alberni. 
 Cariboo- Tohn Bowren. Richfield. 
 Cassiar D, strict-James Porter, Laketon, Cassiar. 
 Lillooet District- Frederick Soues, Clinton. * 
 
 Bast Kootenay District— J. F. Armstrong, Donald. 
 
 West Kootent.y District— N, Fitzstubbs, Nelson; J. D. Graham, Rer*!- 
 ■toke. 
 
 Yale District— Cimrles Lambly, Osoyooa; G. C. Tunstall. Kamloops. 
 
 Assayer?. 
 
 £ub]lc Assayer, H. CarmichapL Victoria; W. Pellew Harrey, Vancouv^; 
 MaoFarlane, Vancouver; Robblna & Long, RosslancL 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 tm 
 
 THE EEDUCTION OF ORES. 
 
 By C. E. Bogardus, of Seattle. 
 
 In treating this subject, It Is undertaken with some misgivings, as th« 
 scope is oroad to place In a short article; to give a clear Idea of the propw 
 items. No doubt some readers will miss what to them are Important points, 
 but when we stop to consider the vastness of the field and that large volumea 
 are written up-^n one single process the Indulgent reader is asked to overloolt 
 the lR,cking features. 
 
 The use of the metals by man dates Into ancient history, and necessarily 
 the separation from the ores has, since their first use, always been a problenL 
 At first It was how to get the metal, now it is how to cheapen the process; 
 either by modification of the present systems or by entering new paths 
 of research. 
 
 In the commercial world the metals are divided into precious and base. 
 There are only three of the precious metals, gold, silver and platinum, while 
 the list of base metals includes the balance, lead, iron, copper, zinc, anti- 
 mony, etc. 
 
 Space will permit only a synopsis as to how gold and silver are separated 
 from the ores. In connection with them lead and copper are of necessity 
 joined. W"*.h the copper also come nickel and cobalt. 
 
 Gold and silver occur in nature free and combined. The free metal 
 or native is when it is in the form as used in commerce, the metallic state, as 
 placer gold or as pieces of "the real stuff" in quartz. In combination, they 
 are united chemically with some other element and must undergo a treat- 
 ment. Gold and silver ores are In general treated alike, as they occur In 
 the same oi-e and consequently both must be extracted together, although 
 there are some sold ores and some silver ores each having special processes 
 to obtain the value. 
 
 Platinum is so extremely rare In ores, the most being obtained from 
 placers and then usually in connection with gold, that its metallurgy will not 
 be dealt with here. 
 
 Silver occurs to a limited degree native, but usually in chemical combina- 
 tion, the most common being chloride, bromide, sulphide, tellurlde, antl- 
 monial sulphide (ruby silver and brittle silver), argentiferous galenas and 
 argentiferous gray coppers, all of which must be separated by one of the 
 many processes. 
 
 Gold is found as native and in chemical combination with tellurium, called 
 
 tellurides, which are extremely rich. It is also associated with sulphurets, 
 
 known as iron pyrite, pyrites, sulphurets and iron sulphurets, being a chem- 
 
 ■ leal combination of iron and sulphur. The gold in this case Is not chemlo* 
 
 ally combined but mechanically held. 
 
 Free gold or free silver ores are treated by a variety of mills, each work- 
 ins with the same end in view, to separate the gold or silver from the rock 
 by amalgamating them with mercury. There is a long list of them, but 1 
 shall put them into two divisions. First, stamp mills, which work by a large 
 weight 500 to 1,000 pounds, called the stamp, dropping rapidly into an in- 
 closed mortar. The pulp, when about the size to pass through a forty-mesh 
 screen, splashes through the screen onto a ocpper plate, the plate having 
 first been coated with mercury. The gold and silver are held by the mercury, 
 while the balance of the material washes on off the plates. There are «>■«•▼- 
 Ity stamps, spring stamps and steam stamps. The second division of mills 
 Includes all the balance, Huntington, Crawford. Merrill, etc., each differing 
 from the other in the manner of pulverizing the ore, some accomplishing It by 
 large wheels, some by centrifugal revolving weights, others by revolvlug 
 balls each having its merits and being adapted for special ores, while the 
 
 gravity stamps are the most successful with general ores and are usualtar 
 Dieferred The mercury on the plates, when it contains consider cole gold. 
 Is acraped off and placed in a chamois or buckskin sack and squeezed dry, 
 the excess of mercury passing through the chamois. The residue, dry amal- 
 
 gam consisting of the gold and some mercury, is put In an iron retort, from 
 IrhTc'h the meFcury can all be distilled at a low red heat, caufht in water 
 rnd used again; wnile the retort contains the gold. This is melted in a black 
 fead or clay crucible, run into bricks, and is ready for markat. ^ . , . ^ 
 At this point it might be added that there is quite a mistaken Idea of 
 wh^ a mill test Is A mill test is a test made on a sample of ore to see how 
 3^?.^{. frAi^rolri it contains and the percentage that can be saved by amal- 
 
 .*..S^l.T.h"™lph:™« ' ThKowS not culht by .h. morou.,, b«. .. 
 
 ! t 
 
 I 
 
 t 
 
 \'l\ 
 
 s-ttJ 
 
tM 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 carried off of the plates. In a free gold ore the suIphureU are usuallj^ a 
 small percentage of the ore, running from 2 to 30 per cent. When less than 
 2 per cent., it does not as a rule pay to save them unless quite rich. When 
 above 30 per cent, the sulphurets interfere with the amalgamation and there 
 is too great a chance of loss in concentration besides. 
 
 To save this value the pulp is carried over concentrators, which are ma- 
 chines arranged for separating, by gravity, the use of water and a shaking 
 motion, the heavy mineral from the light gangue, which is worthless, the 
 quartz, porphyry, etc. In handling an ore carrying about 10 per cent, gul- 
 phuretf", for every ten tons of ore crushed and run over the concentrators, 
 there will be one ton of concentrates carrying the value. There is always 
 some loss, varying with the nature of the ore; in future treatment there Is 
 the cost of working only one ton in place of ten. The concentrates from a 
 cold ore will yield their value by the following methods, pan amalgama- 
 tion, cyanide, chlorlnatlon, bromlnation, smelting or some of the new pro- 
 cesses, the means used to be determined by two points, cost of treatment 
 and percentage of value saved. Some ores take one. others another. 
 
 For pan amalgamation the concentrates are thoroughly roastisd, then 
 placed in large pans with mercury, stirred and ground until the gold is 
 amalgamated; steam heat is often used, while occasionally salt and blue- 
 stone are added, especially when silver is present. The pulp is washed away 
 and the mercury handled the same as when taken from the plates of the 
 stamp mill. 
 
 I would state here that no one process, except smelting, will treat all 
 ores and any piocess needs some modification for each ore treated. They 
 often treat one ore to perfection and are worthless for another. Ores are indi- 
 vidual in character, no two alike. 
 
 Chlorination depends upon the fact that gold is soluble in chlorine gas, 
 forming a chloride of gold, acting when the ore is roasted perfectly, but inert 
 on the raw pyrites; roasting Is burning off the sulphur, changing the iron 
 from a bisulphide to a sesquloxlde, whereby the gold is freed. The roasted 
 pulp is placed in a perfectly airtight chlorlnatlon barrel or false bottom vat, 
 moistened and a current of chkilno, generated by using salt, sulphuric acid 
 and dioxide of manganese, passed through it. When the action is complete, 
 the gold chloride, being soluble in water, is leached out of the pulp, and 
 precipitated with ferrous sulphate. After being allowed to settle, the liquor 
 is drawn off, the gold collected, usually by the filter press, melted' and cast 
 into bars. 
 
 Bromlnation is on the same principle, forming bromide of gold instead 
 of the chloride. It is used by a few companies, the claim being that it is 
 cheaper and simpler than chlorination. 
 
 rimelting will be taken up In connection with general ores. 
 
 Cyanide process, by which concentrates are often treated, is given in full 
 In another chapter in this book. 
 
 Wh<^n an ore oarrips no free metal, the ore as a whole is considered and 
 the best means will depend upon its nature. 
 
 The gold and silver In Washington are usually associated together, and 
 the ore must be treated to save both metals. When there is no silver of 
 value, the ore is handled the same as the concentrates from the stamp mill. 
 It is concentrated when it will permit. In such cases the ore is pulverized by 
 the stamps or Cornish rolls; rolls seem to be preferred as the product is In 
 a more even and better condition for concentration. 
 
 We now come to the treatment of the genera! ores carrying gold and sil- 
 ver mixed with iron sulphurets, coj)per sulphurets or galena. 
 
 Smelting or matting will handle all ores. But by this means the 
 object in view is only half accomplished; the precious metals do not come out 
 of the furnace pure and ready for use. but are assoclfited with some imde 
 metal as carrier, from which they must be separated. The aim in smeltinv 
 is to make the gangue melt and be thin enough for the valuable metals to 
 collect and settle to the bottom. The ore will not melt by itself without such 
 extreme heat as to endanger loss of value by volatilization, so tne proper 
 Ingredients are added to obtain a fusion at a moderate temperature- this 
 is called fluxing, the materials added being called fluxes. 
 
 Smelting is classified according to the carrier used to collect the gold and 
 silver, being lead smelting, copper matting and iron matting or pyritlc. Lead 
 and copper smelting methods merge into each other, for now ai many places 
 they are both accomplished in the same furnace at the .same time, while on 
 the other hand copper and pyritlc smelting pass imperceptibly from one 
 into the other. 
 
 Lead smelting or the use of lead as a carrier is the old reliable and today 
 is in most general use. It Is the one place where all ores are taken ex- 
 cepting possibly some high grade copper oxide or carbonates, and they can 
 be handled by other means, although they can be used in .small quantities at 
 a. time at the lead smelter. It was not many years ago when the lead fur- 
 nace superintendent would refuse a great many so-called base ores This 
 term has a different meaning when used In the various branches of mining 
 A free gold man, in si)eaking of a base ore. means one from which he cannot 
 extract tlie e-old by mercury. To thf smeitpr foreman it Is the ore contj'lninK 
 metals which interfere with his saving value. Zinc and antimony are base 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 Wi 
 
 today readily takeV; ""Before'"'"" -'^^i-^*^--®-'"*'^^ * ^^^ y^"-" *^° ^''^ 
 
 clean withAnt alf, ^"^P^ng ore Is either the pay strc 
 
 S wWch il lelecTr ?]fi^,!;!^l^^'"? i«lxed with It. or is separated by sort- 
 brlkkZg when neclsfarv nHo^nf^^^^^ *h« hammer for 
 
 throwlnl It over t"hTdS'do^llf 't'^l '^^^.''.^lf'.l%„Yl''' ^^^ '^'^'^^ ^'^^^ °^ 
 
 ores for the lead furnace. 
 
 Thel-^ K^Vco'^rpW^ln ^^^^^^ ',^t i^'^'^^^lofeB^^m n'oT be Tn" J^s'^ 
 
 «inc is an aid Inst^lToVa detriment ^^""'"^ '^^^ ^^ ^^^ ""^ °^ ^^^^^ *"■•"**=* 
 smeltlr.'^'" "°^ '*^''* ^"^ ^" "'••« a'' the mine and carry it through the lead 
 
 and^*efufe.'"^Hls^8hlDDrnl''n*lt',?Tv,^''^l!«« °^ "''«• shipping, concentrating 
 oA^ur. t.,iVr-:.,,*"Ir..^_"iPP'"& ore Is either the pay streak, which breaks down 
 
 1 with It. 
 
 shipping 
 
 ., _-■ c= — .^..^.a^ice wit 
 
 Thia~q*.»»minn-Nr„r "IP ^°f^ the ravine as refuse, 
 a mine A we^f-t^rifnTrt^^^il^'r' " '" ^^ot one of the important ones about 
 quick percenTlon an r^hf^^o" l^ necessary for the position. He must have a 
 be tested for him H^ «ho„Yi''' ^*"•*'f-^ ^,'*^ °''°^- ^^^''y variety of ore should 
 carries value h\Pt\n^%^^?^^^, "°^ °'?*y ^""^ that a certain appea-ing piece 
 Conner with' th^ ^n^ ^^^^ Y*^]"^ s there, whether as ruby silver, in the gray 
 dozen ^^r«n«;lil.'^^*f carried with one of the sulphurets or some of the 
 lars ?h?lwn down "th*i°"^ Possible. Many a mine has had thousands of dol- 
 WhUe at ^h^ mlnf '^^t'""^ ^'■°?' «=areless sorting by men who "knew ore." 
 but with a ^mnlI^il?.•J*^ second grade had better be treated, if low grade, 
 the ^Inhnr^?^ If. P^'^centage of mineral, it can be concentrated the same as 
 be thorough V uLl.^?^^ a"""^ °i^ mentioned. In concentrating, the ore must 
 and how to or„«h^'^'^l^°°'^ ^^ to where the value lies to know what to save 
 llv Rnd if nnf nl™ ??'"^ minerals of high value are brittle, pulverizing eas- 
 t)hu?Pts hnV ^f'^i^'^'^'"'"/ handled the value will be lost. An ore high in sul- 
 of thi fm^.r.?^ ^?*^ ""^^"^l *l^" °"'y he treated by some of the chea 
 or tne future, it cannot be concentrated bv mechanical means. 
 
 nhiirota K.,* „* i„ ■"' """"•>'",'•"<= vaiuc will ue losi. An ore nign in sui- 
 
 of th*: fnf^f..,?. ?*^ ^^'"®. *l^" °"'y he treated by some of the cheap processes 
 Pflnnnt hi J,?; », ^^^^°^ ^6 Concentrated bv mechanical means. Ore that 
 thP Vn«« n,,5Hl f^^® °TJ?°^^ *"to one is not worth doing anything with, aa 
 nicely ^'^ the gain. Galena, iron pnJ copper sulphurets handle 
 
 p,r, Jf^„^ concentrates are sacked and shipped with the regular ore to the 
 l^f^til' ^ P°." arrival, It Is weighed and the ore shoveled into an ore 
 oreaker. Coming from this, it is shoveled into cars or conveyors, every tenth 
 f>J?.y^„ : helng thrown aside as a sample. If the concentrates are a large 
 ^i?,, 5!^ 1 * ^yei'y tenth sack is set aside as a sample. The ore sample Is 
 crushed again and taken to a sampling floor, thoroughly mixed and cut into- 
 quarters, tlie two diagonal quarters taken, the other two thrown away. The 
 part siived is remixed and quartered again and this process is continued until 
 inere is about 100 pounds, when it Is quartered and the two halves sacked. 
 Jn?^ X. 1 labeled and put away for future reference in case of a dispute, 
 ihe balance is taken to the sampling room, crushed finer and quartered 
 down to between one and two pounds, when it is dried, pulverized to pass an 
 eighty-mesh screen and sent on to the assay room, where, after thorough 
 mixing, it is divided into three samples, one for the smelter, one for the seller 
 and the third to be sent to a reliable assayer as umpire in case of a dis- 
 agreement. The assays usually check (agree) but sometimes a shipment will 
 have to be resampled and it occasionally takes a year to settle satisfactorily 
 to both parties. 
 
 All samples are tested by the smelter for gold, silver, lead, copper, iron, 
 lime, zinc, silica and antimony when present. The ore Is not put in the 
 furnace and the seller paid for the ounces of gold and silver extracted, but he 
 Is paid entirely upon the assay of sample taken. Part of a shipment may not 
 be smelted for two or three months after receipt and then never smelted in 
 the furnace alone. As stated, each ore must be fluxed. In lead smelting this- 
 is the proper combination of silica, iron and lime. To the superintendent the 
 oro has four parts, precious metals, valuable base metals, worthless base 
 metals and the gangue. Saving the highest percentage of value at the least 
 cost is his aim. Ores are bought which can be mixed and the proper com- 
 bination of silica, iron and lime obtained if possible, for by so doing so much 
 ore is being melted instead of the same amount of dea.d flux, which must be 
 added in case of a deficiency; iron ore for the lack of iron, limestone for tho- 
 llme, and quartz for silica. In most cases there is an excess of sil'ca, which 
 necessitates the purchase of iron and lime. The smeltin? charges are made 
 accordingly. A fixed rate is made on a neutral basis: wlien the silica equals 
 the iron and lime. When the silica is in excess a charge o* 15 cents per each 
 unit in excess Is made, but W cents is paid for each unit the iron and lime 
 are in excess of the silica. In regard to the detrimental mevalo, zinc and' 
 u-.timony, a limit is established, in the amount allowed in an ore (at preset'- 
 In Washington this limit is 10 per cent.). Below this limit the ore is treated 
 without extra cost, but above that an additional charge of fiO cents for each 
 per cent, in exccs.s— a 12 per cent, pine ore would cost $1 extra. 
 
 In making up his mix, the metallurgist adds a certain per cent, of galena, 
 for a carrier to save the gold and silver. About 12 per rent, la used now. 
 
 Most of the iron occurs in the ores as sulphurets. The sulphur in a lead 
 smeker is out. of place and must be eliminated by roasting. In roasting, 
 what it takes nature years to do man accomplishes in a few hoursj When, 
 she finishes, there Is left the red streak of iron stain on the mountain side, by 
 which the prospector spots his ledge. 
 
 if 
 
 111? 
 
 ■r' 
 
 I 
 
 itf.^B. 
 
 d 
 
 vmtf 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 All parte of the charge, ore, flux auu 'uel, which Is usually coke, ar« 
 weighed and fed In regularly at the top of the furnace, a force draft belnff 
 used to keep up the combuatlon. The process Is continuous, the slag being 
 drawn off from one point at regular intervals, while the lead la taken out at 
 « lower point when necessary. From January to January, it stops not ex- 
 cept for an accident, which, if it stops the furnace, is quite expensive. The 
 lead bullion is now ready for the refinery, where the gold, silver and lead are 
 •eparated. 
 
 When there is copper in an ore that goes to a lead smelter, sufficient sul- 
 phur is left In the charge to form a copper sulphide or matte and the copper 
 ' saved in the same form as in copper smelting. As all lead smelters buy ores 
 carrying more or less copper, they save it in this way, putting them in with 
 the regular ores, but ores without copper are preferred. This matte la 
 drawn out with the slag, from which it separates on standing, for, being 
 heavier, it settles to the bottom, and when cold it is broken off and saved. 
 
 In smelting there is a small loss, in the slag, from volatilization and in 
 the dust. The last is mostly regained when good dust chambers are used, 
 but the first and second, especially the first, it is the object of the superin- 
 tendent to make as low as possible. They vary with the fluxing and the 
 manipulation of the furnace. 
 
 One method of rettning the lead bullion will be given. The bullion is 
 melted in a large iron kettle with a certain percentage of zinc, the zinc 
 having a greater affinity for the gold and silver than the lead. They liquate 
 on cooling. The zinc with the gold and silver Is taken off, and the lead again 
 treated. When the lead has given up all the precious metal, it will contain 
 some zinc, from which it is freed in a cupel furnace, and is then ready for 
 market. The zinc is separated from the gold and silver In the cupel furnace 
 by distillation and oxidation. The precious metals are placed in a sulphuric 
 acid bath and heated, the silver passes into solution as silver sulphate, while 
 the gold remains undissolved. 
 
 The silver solution is decanted, the gold washed, dried, nicltGd and cast 
 Into bars. Pure copper sheets are suspended in the silver sulphate and by 
 metathesis we obtain metallic silver and copper sulphate. When all of the. 
 -sliver is deposited it is washed, d. led and melted and run Into bars. The sul- 
 phate of copper solution is evaporated and crystallized. This is a large 
 Bource of the blue vitriol of commerce. 
 
 The other forms of smelting are copper smelting and pyritic, alike in their 
 products, both being mattes, a sulphide product having the precious metala 
 dissolved in them. In consequence they need more of a subsequent treat- 
 ment to yield a flnished product. They verge into each other, varying from 
 a matte high in copper with but little iron, to one mostly iron and a small 
 amount of copper. A strictly iron matte can be made and Is made at 
 Deadwood, North Dakota, but as a rule a small amount of copper is de- 
 sirable. 
 
 Pyrltlc smelting is designed to concentrate the value of pyritic or sulphide 
 «re8, by heat, using the sulphur as a part, if not all, of the fuel, fluxing away 
 the gangue and the metals of no value. Part of the iron form.s a sulphide, 
 making with the copper sulphide the matte carrying the gold and silver with 
 them. The process is In successful operation at a number of places, but it 
 Is not an easy plant to conduct. In fluxing, the range is greater than in lead 
 smelting and theoretically it is quite simple, but practically it takes an expe- 
 rienced man to obtain good results. No preliminary roasting is needed, as 
 the sulphur is used for the fuel. 
 
 The matte product w^lll yield Its value by three different treatments. A 
 Straight iron matte can be roasted and pan amalgamated the same as gold 
 sulphurets are often treated. When there is sufficient copper to pay to save 
 It Is shipped to a lead smelter, roasted and treated the same as a sulphuret 
 ore, the iron acting as a flux. The copper forms a copper matte, while the 
 gold and silver are taken up by the lead. The arsenic and antimony are 
 made use of In pyrltlc smelting, whereas in lead and copper furnaces they 
 are obnoxious. They pass Into the iron matte, forming arsenides, antl- 
 monides, sulpharsenldes and sulphantlmonides with the iron taking place 
 of so much sulphur which may be used for fuel. 
 
 As the copper Increases, we pass into copper smelting, which, though it 
 In turn verges Into lead .smelting, the iron on one side and the lead on the 
 Other, still has its own necessities and is distinct. 
 
 Copper smelting is used to treat all copper ores and is simply one step In 
 ♦he concentration process which is taken, step by step, until metallic copper 
 to obtained. 
 
 Copper occurs as native in a few places. This ore is treated qul*e simply, 
 being crushed, concentrated, melted and cast into Ingots. This copper 
 ranked higher than that from other ores until electricity was introduced for 
 refining. 
 
 Copper smelting, or matting, as it is usually called, because the i -^act 
 in most cases Is a matte, has within the last few years made a great advance 
 the Americans being far in the lead. 
 
 The sulphuret ore must be roasted, as the extra sulphur is nnt used as 
 ftiel, but a small amount is necessary to unite with the copper and iron to 
 make the matte. Roasting is conducted in a variety of ways, from me 
 
MIKWQ IK THfi PACIffIG NORTHWQBT. 
 
 (10 
 
 It 
 the 
 
 as 
 to 
 
 tn« 
 
 «h6«P crude method of heap roast, known from antiquity. t» tlM modem 
 automatic reverberatory furnace. 
 
 The heap roast la made by properly piling the ore in heaps Ux46x( upon » 
 bed of fuel with correctly arranged draft holes and chimneys. Only suflwlent 
 fuel is used to get it under way, when the burning sulphur keeps it going. 
 From sixty to seventy-five days are needed to burn a heap of this size. Th« 
 pvoduat Is an oxide of iron, oxide of copper, some copper sulphate wtth»a 
 email amount of unroasted material. When cool enough to handle, the mix- 
 ture goes direct to the furnace. In the reverberatory furnace of today, ^he 
 ore Is pulverized and fed at one end, where a flame plays over it. The 
 sulphur immediately begins to burn, and the material is now slowly moved 
 along the furnace, getting hotter and hotter as it approaches the fire. Unless 
 the melting is done in this furnace, it is withdrawn in the form of a pow- 
 der, the sulphur all gone and the metals in the form of oxides. The most 
 Improved furnaces now have automatic stirrers and automatic dischargers. 
 
 In copper smelting it is not the object to get as high grade matte as 
 possible, for two reasons— subsequent treatment can be conducted better and 
 the precious metal saved closer. About a 40 per cent, matte is the first prod- 
 uct. The fluxing is different from lead smelting in having a wider range as 
 to slag, not being bound down to a fixed limit. The aim is to have a slag 
 fluid enough for the matte to settle through and not too thin, vt the matting 
 will not be perfect. 
 
 The furnaces used are water jacket shells of copper, cast or wrought iron. 
 Some brick ones are in use, but they are losing ground. The charge Is fed 
 continuously at the top and like the lead smelter there Is not a stop except 
 for accidents. During fusion the copper unites with the sulphur, making 
 copper sulphide, the balance of the sulphur combines with iron and the two 
 sulphides form the matte. The percentage of iron sulphide determines the 
 crade of the matte and that is fixed by the amount of sulphur. When an 
 excess of sulphur is allowed, it takes too much Iron into the matte and 
 robs the slag of necessary iron; if sulohur is deficient, the grade of the matte 
 Is too high and the slag gets the iron, making it too thin. 
 
 In the old style furnace the matte was allowed to settle to the bottom and 
 was drawn off at Intervals, as was also the slag, the matte being then re- 
 fined by roasting and resmeltlng, slowly raising the grade by eliminating the 
 sulphur and the iron until pig copper was obtained. 
 
 Today at the most advanced works the separating of the slag and matte 
 Is done in another furnace, a reverberatory hearth, where they are allowed to 
 run in a molten state and kept so. The slag is tapped off and the matte 
 maintained in a fiuid state. As needed, it is conveyed to the large Bessemer 
 converters, where the purification into metallic copper is accomplished in 
 one operation, by burning out the impurities, the iron being carried into the 
 slair The copper is cast Into large plates ready for electrolytic treatment 
 «or separating the gold, silver and the small traces of other metals. These 
 laree nlates are suspended in a sulphuric acid bath as the anode, aivd a thin 
 Ah^t of pure copper is the cathode. As the current is turned on the impure 
 anode dissolves and perfectly pure copper deposits at the cathode. The gold, 
 silver and impurities drop to the bottom of the tank. . . , , , ^ ^ 
 
 In treating oxide and carbonate ores the product Is black copper Instead 
 of matte. At times the raw sulphuret ores are smelted without roasting 
 owing to certain conditions, but roasting is the rule. Nickel and cobalt, when 
 tai an ore. are saved in the copper matte. ^ * *, , , , 
 
 Comlner back to silver, there are two processes for treating exclusively 
 sUver ores which deserve mention. One, known as the Russell process Is 
 «B«^ when the sliver is as a chloride or bromide, soluble In a hypetyposulphlls 
 SffodksSlutlon The silver Is precipitated as a sulphide, which is washed, 
 dried mlued and run Into bricks. Some of the ores, such as sulphides, etc., 
 can be converted into a chloride by roasting with salt or salt and copper 
 SSu)lmte Then there is the old Mexican or Patio method of amalgamation, 
 for the ores that are chlorides or can be converted Into chlorides by roasting, 
 ioirifh^ ■Russell nrocess The ground pulp In the form of a mud Is placed in 
 S^AlS^^th mercury In America a large amalgamating pan or barrel is 
 It=L? ThP tnlxture Is stirred Und ground until the amalgamation is com- 
 Sf^' -rSn Bilvpr chloride Is 2hanged to metallic silver, which amalgamates, 
 ^-hlf silver Imalgam Is treated the same as gold amalgam. As worked lu 
 M«ioo the orocels is crude, but it Is used with great success there. 
 *A2f^tv,«nPw methods it might be added, they are becoming as numerous 
 As to thenewmeinoas, uiiiiBiii " ^,„.„_. _'^ amolter men. electrinlana 
 
 as 
 an< 
 
 na~tpnt car couplers. Hundreds of mining and smelter men, electricians 
 /?;;vSntors are working to solve the problem of a cheap means of extrao- 
 «An nf^ the va!ul Tom orM. Some are branching onto new lines, others 
 J*°V „ t^ i™«w!vp the old bringing to their aid electricity, chlorine, bromine. 
 ^Wrt^anTothlr chemical s&ts together with new ideas in furnaces 
 f^rf^nt nroducers combinng different methods with various results. The 
 and heat proaucers, '^"'"V"""^ " ,, niant can be placed, on the property, In 
 goal 4s a means by which a s^'^^" ^P^'^^ti-eTlt cheap This would solve the 
 the mountains, tieai^H°J?^^"®„!.p at a standstill-ore, where lack of trans- 
 problem for camps ^^Ich today are a^ a swn^^^^^^^ ^ ^^^ railroad, but 
 
 portatlon facilities prohibits „?! ?he oroflt on the low grade ores. It would, 
 where the freight rate takes all the proni on im;.^ ^^ 
 
 *** ^Zfi:"^^rilmiii'lm^^^^^^oZ6&B^'u. ne^ed, n^t more th^a • 
 
 S' 
 
T 
 
 184 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWBBT. 
 
 and also treat ores of low value, but too high in Hulphurets to be concen- 
 trated. 
 
 There are now in the West, to my knowledge, about h dozen of the revo- 
 lutionizing processes, most of them claiming to extract the value for $1.50 a 
 ton at the mine. Many of tlie same pass into history each year. Some one 
 will solve the problem and for the man who does It there is an unlimited 
 'fortune awaiting him locked up in a stronger vault than any bank. Who 
 will find the magic key? 
 
 At this writing no one has proven that he has such a pronenn. Before this 
 Is with the reader, some one may achieve this end. If so, it will be a boon to 
 the mining man of small means. It means wonders for Washington. 
 
 CYANIDE TREATMENT OF OBES. 
 
 By S. G. Dewsnap, Methow, Wash. 
 
 In the onward march of science^and art, there is no branch which has 
 made greater advancement within the past quarter of a century than the 
 reduction of ores. This advance has been made in the improvement of old 
 processes and the finding and adoption of new ones. 
 
 In the old processes the advance has been in machinery which rendered 
 the processes more efficient in extracting a greater percentage of the value 
 and in reducing the cost of treatment. 
 
 Among the new processes the treatment of ore by cyanide has made most 
 rapid progreBs. 
 
 The cyanide process is based on the fact that gold and silver are soluble 
 In a solution of cyanide of potassium or sotlium In water. 
 
 "The discovery of this fact has been attributed to Hagen In 1806. Dr. 
 Wright, of Birmingham, England, used cyanide of gold solution for electro- 
 plating in 1840."— Dr. Scheldel. 
 
 Since that time numerous experiments have been carried on with the 
 Idea of extracting gold and silver from ores by the use of cyanides, with other 
 chemicals, electricity, etc., but it remained for John S. McArthur and Robert 
 W. Forest to complete the process and adapt it to successful metallurgical 
 operation. For this they rpcHved patents in the United States in 1889 an* 
 about the same time patents wore taken out in nearly all other countries. 
 
 The scope of the process is a broad one, but by no means universal. Its 
 application is limited to ores (by ores is meant native rock, bearing precious 
 metals, whether in their natural state or as concentrates or tailings from 
 other processes) which either have no decomposing action on the cyanide 
 solution or can by a preliminary treatment be rendered Inactive to the cyanide 
 solution. Gold and sliver exist in ores in many different forms and combina- 
 tions. From some of these combinations cyanide solution will dissolve the 
 gold and silver and from others it will not. There are in some cases mechani- 
 cal dlfpculties in the way of treatment of an ore by this process, as a tendency 
 to slime, rendering It almost impossible to pass the liquid solution through 
 the ore mass. This renders the operation so slow as to require the plant to 
 be of such large proportions that it would become unprofitable, even when a 
 very high percentage of the value is extractable by the solutions. 
 
 However, ores that are adapted to the process can be treated by it at a 
 much less cost than hy any other known process. Ores in which gold exists 
 as metalics, but in such a state of division that it Is impossible to amalgamate 
 It, yield excellent results from cyanide treatment. Many sulphide and arsen- 
 ide ores give up their gold and silver to cyanide solutloik without changing the 
 sulphides in any way. 
 
 The principal chemical reaction upon which the process rests Is the 
 formation of double cyanides of gold or silver and the alkaline metal. These 
 double salts are soluble in water and when formed can be washed out of the 
 ore. The following formulae represent the reactions in their simplest forms: 
 
 2 Au 
 Gold 
 
 2Ag 
 Silver 
 
 + 
 
 + 
 
 4KC N 
 
 Potassium 
 
 cyanide 
 
 4KCN 
 
 Potassium 
 
 cyanide 
 
 4- O + 
 Oxygen 
 
 + O -+- 
 Oxygen 
 
 H,0 = 
 Water 
 
 2 Au K (C N), 
 Cyanide of gold 
 and potassium 
 
 H2O = 2AgK(CN), -H 
 Water Cyanide of silver 
 
 and potassium 
 
 2KOH 
 Caustic 
 Potaab 
 
 2KOH 
 Caustlo 
 Potash 
 
 While these reactions are taking place, there are many more reactiona 
 going oh with the other metals and minerals of the ore, which complicate the 
 result. According to this equation, 15.12 parts of gold should be dissolved for 
 each ten parts of cyanide decomposed, while In the best works by actual test 
 from forty to forty-five parts of cyanide are decomposed for one part of sold 
 extracted. This difference la to be accounted for by many reactions which 
 take plBn«» l)etween thef cyanide solution and the ingredients of the ore, the 
 water ahd the air. Some salts of iron, alumina, manganese, magnestum uiA 
 
T 
 
 « 
 ^ 
 
 tlons 
 e the 
 >d for 
 1 test 
 golA 
 vhlcb 
 the 
 and 
 
 ^MININa IN THE PACIFIC NORTH WKflT. M 
 
 copper, which I'.re found In all precious metal ores to a greater or leaa extent, 
 have some decc nposlng action on the cyanide Bolutlon *^'^°*"'^ °'' '**" ®*^*°^ 
 
 DaB8e8\"nolnt"a^ whlnh'u^i!" ".^''^'"^ ^^°'" * ^«'"y '^""t'' »» a strong solution 
 S?oblblv'due to'*t^«^fnot^ 1*^*"^ maximum power to dissolve goldf This la 
 SivKen iras frori th.. „ir *^*k. ^ ".^^''^ so utlon has no power to dissolve 
 evanlde fnd th«^-.,M ^li .Ti"''*'.u^ essential to the reaction between the 
 Sre^from onp t«n'h tnlw f^'^M"^^^'?""'* '"""^ efficient differs with different 
 ores trom one-ten h to six-tenths of 1 per cent.. . e., from one nound to sir 
 pounds of cyanide of potassium to 1.000 pounds of water When the value 
 to l^gSfd "■• * ^'""°" *•*" ^° ^^ stronger than when the ore vllnt 
 
 The solutions are separated from the ore by pei eolation or filtration and 
 the precious metals recov..red from the solutions bj precipitation by metalllo 
 ainc or alumina. The following formula will lllustr.te the chemical rSom 
 
 a Au K (C N), 
 Cyanide of gold 
 and potassium 
 
 Zu 
 Zinc 
 
 Zn K, 'C N)« 
 Cyanide '3f zinc 
 and pott>9slum 
 
 + 
 
 2Au 
 Qold 
 
 According to this formula, one ounce of zinc sl'^ould precipitate about 
 Blx ounces of gold, but In practice It requires six to t i-elve ounces of zinc to 
 precipitate one ounce of gold. This solution of zinc- is due to the caustic 
 potash generated In the solution, as indicated by prev.oua reaction, and also 
 by other leactlon due to other ore Ingredients. The gyld precipitated is never 
 pure, but contains impurities carried into the solution* by the cyanide and by 
 the caustic potash and which are precipitated along v'th the gold and silver. 
 When zinc is used as u prccipitiint, some of thl.s al-ays remains with the 
 gold, as weil as some slimes which are mechanically carried along with 
 current of solution. The pniclpitated gold is treated with acid to remove zinc 
 or other soluble Impurities; is dried, roasted and smelted with the proper 
 fluxes, and cast into bars. 
 
 As no two ores are treated In exactly the same way to yield best results. 
 so the methods of procedure differ at different works. In general, the ore 
 must be In a sufficient state of division for the solution to come In contact 
 with the gold. The coarser the ore can be ground and attain this end the 
 better, because the easier It can be percolated. Ores differ greatly in the 
 grinding necessary; the proper llneness can only be determined by careful 
 laboratory experiment. 
 
 The ground ore is treated either by agitation or by percolation. 
 
 In the agitation process, the ore is placed with the necessary solution, 
 either In a vat with a power stirring apparatus, or In a revolving cylinder or 
 movable box, and kept in motion for some hours until the cyanide solution 
 has dissolved all the precious metal that the ore will yield to it. The charge 
 to then transferred to a lUter and filtered and washed, first with a weaker 
 solution of cyanide and lastly with water. The filtrate and first washings 
 are passed through the zinc boxes for the precipitation of the gold and silver 
 they contain, and then passed to the storage tanks to be renewed by ad'^'ing 
 enough fresh cyanide to bring them to the proper strength. The qua' .« a 
 oi ore operated on are small and the time required much shorter tha' 1 » 
 the percolation process. Agitation is adapted to the treatment of high h-^uu 
 concentrates and rich slimes. 
 
 In the percolation process the pulverized ore or tailings is charged Into 
 ▼ats with filtering bottoms, care being taken to distribute the ore as uniformly 
 as possible. The cyanide solution Is run on In sufficient quantity to cover the 
 ore and it slowly filters through the charge and passses to the precipitation 
 boxes and the storage tank to be renewed and again passed through the 
 charge. It is usual to use comparatively strong solution for the first percola- 
 tion and to follow bv weaker solutions until thoy are finally washed once or 
 twice with water to "remove any of the solutions remaining In the ore. Much 
 time Is needed for the slow passage of these solutions, so that economy re- 
 quires that the vats be large. The rapidity with which a solution will pene- 
 trate dependd eaitirely on the character and condition of the ore. If the ore be 
 coarse ground and tree from slimes, thirty to fifty hours will suttice to work 
 off a vat of ore. but ordinarily the time required will be from three days to 
 two weeks The size of the vats depends on the amount of ore to be treated 
 and the time required for the treatment of any given ore. In many Instances 
 the ore has to undergo a previous treatment to remove substances which have 
 a decomposing Infiuence on cyanide. Ordinarily talUngs which have been 
 exposed to the weather are acid, due to the action of the oxygen or the air on 
 the sulphur of the ore. This la removed by a washing with water or treatment 
 with lime or aoda. An excess of alkali added invariably causes a loss of zinc 
 
 ^ The^stzXf^vatlS^'in different parts of the world varies from .10 to 600 
 tons capacity and they are constructed of wood, brick, stone and cement or 
 concrete. They are chargca with ore from the top. ordinarily from cars 
 dumping from overhead tracks. The vats are emptied either from n aide or 
 hftftorn onenine the tailings being shoveled into cars on a track below or 
 
 wher^Vatlr is'^ava fabfe t^^^ T,u ^* ^^^ 
 
 Urglt plants »t the Raid (Witwater«r*|id) In South iAfrica. th* taUln^sjire 
 handled by steam shovels or machine cranes and loaded into railway cars to 
 
 i .i 
 
 I 
 
 
 ^ i" 
 
 "% 
 
 
MINING IN Tiro PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 b« dlBchargid some distance from the mills. In this district over forty cyantd» 
 lilantB are at work on the tulllngs from the Btamp mills, from which, during 
 the tlrst six months of 1894 317,950 ounces of Kold, worth $4,769.2.10, was renlleed. 
 Further, only about 60 per cent, of the talllnKB are treated by the cyanid* 
 process; the balance Is slimes, which, owing to the difficulty of percolation, ar« 
 allowed to run to wast*. 
 
 Tlo number of puints for the treatment of ore by this process Is Increasing 
 In t'lO United States and will Increase more rapidly as more Is known of th« 
 
 ? recess. Many different devices have been tried for the recovery of the gold 
 rom the solution, but the greater part of It Is now recovered by the use ot 
 tine. The metallic zinc Is shaved Into very thin, loose shavings and these ar« 
 placed on a perforated Iron plate, two or three Inches from the bottom of a 
 Lox, which Is twelve or fourteen Inches square and about the same depth, 
 a.id a series of twenty or more of these boxes are so arranged that the solution 
 flews upward through each of them, 1, e,, the solution passes from the top of 
 on^ box to the bottom of the next. The zinc Is renewed as fast as disaolvea by 
 parsing forward and putting new zinc In the last box. The precious metal 
 con\es down as a brown or black slimy precipitate. This precipitate is 
 removed from time to time by changing the flow of the solution to another 
 set of boxes, while the one set Is cleaned up, and the precipitated bullion 
 washed, dried, refined and melted into bars. These boxes are usually mads 
 of wood, but sometimes ot iron. 
 
 The refining Is done by placing the dried precipitate on the smooth hearth 
 of a small reverberatory furnace and giving It a thorough roasting. It is thon 
 charged with a mixture of borax, soda and nitre Into black lead cruclblos, 
 where It melts down and the base metals are oxidized aiid removed by the 
 slag. Hy proper treatment bullion from 850 to 950 flna Is obtained. Ordinarily 
 the bullion is about 780 fine. 
 
 The causes of loss of gold in treatment by this process are many and too 
 careful management of the plant cannot bie had. These losses occur by 
 leakage of solution, by Imperfect washing of the tailings, loss of cyanide by 
 decomposing action of the ore or the water, loss of zinc by alkaline solutions, 
 loss of line particUs of the precipitated gold by being carried away by air 
 currents during the process of drying, refining and smelting. 
 
 The cost of the process Is variable within certain limits. For ore In which 
 the value Is principally gold, treated at American works, it ranges from $1 t» 
 ^ per ton. The average of twenty-three lots of ore handled by different works 
 gives the cost as $2.30^ per ton. 
 
 The cost of a plant is given by Dr. A. Scheldel, in Bulletin No. 5, published 
 by the California State Mining Bureau, as: "For a plant of fifty tons per day 
 capacity, 125,000; a 100-ton plant, about $40,000. At Johannesburg, South Africa, 
 at J6.25 for each ion of ore H is intended to treat per month." 
 
 "The general arrangement of the plant may be of different kinds. The 
 most convenient method Is to have solution vats, leaching vats, extractors, and 
 dumps in four tiers, so that each series may be completely drained into that 
 next below It. By this means sufficient solution can be stored in the solution 
 vats, and sufficient room left In the dumps to enable work to proceed for from 
 twelve to twenty-four hours without pumping. Many plants, however, have 
 the solution vats and dumps on the same level as the leaching vats. In this 
 case the solution Issuing from the leaching vats Is passed through the precipi- 
 tation boxes Into a small tank and Is continually pumped back as required." 
 See "Notes on Gold Extraction by Means of Cyanide of Potassium, as Carried 
 Out on the Wltwattiorar.d Gold Fields," by W. R. Feldmann. 
 
 Laboratory Work.— The most Important part, viz., the determination of 
 the fitness of an ore for cyanide treatment. Is left till last, while in actual 
 practice it Is the beginning. The reasons why some ores will give up their 
 precious metals to cyanide solutions while others will not have never been 
 satisfactorily learned. The fact remains that under favorable circumstance* 
 some ores will give up all their gold and sliver to the cyanide solution, others 
 a part and others again none at all. The only way to determine whether they 
 will yield their metal or not Is to make careful laboratory tests on Well selected 
 samples. The writer first makes a preliminary test to determine If the ore is 
 acted on by cyanide solution ; If no solution of precious nretal takes place, it Is 
 useless to go farther. If such solution takes place, then a number of experi- 
 ments are made to determine if there are substances in the ore which decom- 
 pose the cyanide solution, and, if so, the cheapest method of getting rid of 
 them— washing them out or neutralizing them. Then follows the deternilnatioD 
 of the proper strength of solution to give most economic results as re.'icei to 
 time required and to the fineness of crushing necessary. 
 
 The treatment of cyanide is a chemical process and to undertake the 
 process without chemical knowledge of it Is sure of failure. In the operation 
 of a cyanide plant there Is constant employment for a good chemist. Careful 
 analysis should be constantly made to insure uniform good results. There Is 
 no other process in which so great an advancement is likely to result from 
 patient investigation. 
 
 That a very considerable number of the ores of Washington can be treated 
 by this process to, advantage the near future will demonstrate. Many ore* 
 Which cannot nov/ be treated by this process will yi^W'thelr metal when the 
 conditions which operate in the treatment and the reactions which take place 
 ar* better understood. 
 
h 
 
 L».-^ 4 »■ 
 
 MlNINri IN THK PACliflO NORTHWBST.\ 
 
 1 
 
 state oC 
 sr of man 
 
 BLOWPIPE ANALYSIS. 
 avK„ ., . . ^^ CharleB H. Bebb, of Seattle. 
 
 Walhlnltori^nW Rr Jf7l.°r?/"^"l°' '^« '"*"^'-^' resources of the 
 who are dally exKnJ^„nL"'^°'^^ *"'^ naturally attracted a number oi men 
 Many of them are old *^.rn^,n[!o.'^I? ^V""."'* '" '""^''''^ "' the preclouJ nietMii. 
 tureM to whSm th« nrP/Ji ' *''^\°"' ''"'. "''^"y '"0''« 'i^e enterprising a4v^ 
 traction. the prizes to be won In the gold Helda are ajwaj^ m dt- 
 
 •coJedoe's'not^Dretin'd *;!.">?<. ^^''^ ^'I'vf '^'""^'^ '« primarily Iritertded. aa4 It. 
 tatelllgence wlt'h th« w«=°f '"°Ii*' ^i^"", ^ "o»fh to enable a m<n of av»r«se 
 presence or ^bs^no^ Jl'l^\ ^"^^ simplest o? appliances. to/determln« tia 
 eoDneror?Ld^«=»,3?..?i^?'"''J® °J,°''« ""^^er examlnntlon 'of goW. 8llv«r, 
 «f hla assats with ♦ho°^'»l?'^° ^^ ^^'? to determine, b omparini the remttl 
 ore He shm.i^ rp,^»t,r*i°'^ amount tested, the comp atlve rlchn«i8 of Uia 
 wwk w?th th« hiow Tnf i^i'"*!!^''^';''' ^^^t for anything i.ke exact qu«ntlt*tl«S 
 worK with the blow-pipe months of atudy and laboratory work are n«oe«»i«*ry. 
 
 termtofatln^ti nn^nn'^^'"*' 'f * '"'^^^ '=''"'««' tube of metal, usuallytn^w 
 It win >1 «^,,^^^„°'^"''^'^ '^^ l^V'%^ "^^ ^ ^"^ needle: simple as, It Is. If well iim£c 
 fr^cin^trned *"^''" ^ ^*"' ^^ '*'" " the purposes df this V?S3S 
 
 Of*mof8t°ur1!"oi7p/Mn'2 ?n h'^wPlPe «8 fhown In figure 1, althouffh tbi danker 
 ^o?^S^n ^ collecting In the tube and being thence blown lr%o the namf Is 
 r?,i®rf'^JiL'l^^^",^'* ^y ''.'i"'"^ the pipe In two at the point, marked (a) tutlog 
 ^hSwn \n (b)'' flgur^e''^''. ^""^ ^^'"^ Inserting It [ftrnlly dn the Wld«t aS 
 
 •»«r,!l*'*£of'?l'u blowpipe Is similar to the common dlowplpe In prln^irfe, 
 ?.^.?fP^ i^u,^ ^^^^^?- chamber near the end which collects the condt^naeJ mols- 
 ISi,™^ ^"« chamber Is shown at A In figure 2. It also has movabl* Jeta, 
 and cleareif"''^ °" "^""^ ^' ^' ^hlch can reailly be taken htt 
 
 Where possible, one should have the chemical blowplpp, but w^ere It 
 cannot toe obtained, or becomes Injured In any manner, a contrivance similar 
 to that shown In figure 1 affords a fair substitute. • 
 
 After obtaining a blowpipe, the beginner must spend ia-few hours in 
 learning the proper method of blowing. His object will be toi^alntiln a 
 steady or uninterrupted stream of air from the jet for several Abiutesat a 
 time. This Is not so difficult as would appear at first. Distend the clteeks 
 and breathe slowly through the nose for some time, keeping the cheeiae In- 
 flated and the mouth shut. When one can accomplish this reaclilyj tlie 
 mouth piece may be applied to the lips, and the operation repeatc-U, without 
 attempting to blow, or do more than keep the mouth full of air. As the Mr 
 flows out through the blowpipe, the cheeks fall together and must "be Again 
 distended without Interrupting the flow of air through 'the tube. To ac<*«n- 
 plish this, shut the communication between the mouth and lungs by the 
 palate and Inhale through the nose. No energy should be wasted In hard 
 blowing, for the beginner will soon see that the stream of air may be jmIb- 
 tained with scarcely more forc^ than is supplied by the natural tendency 
 of the inflated cheeks to collapse. 
 
 Where obtainable, gas is the most convenient combustibl« for the Ijlowpipo 
 flame, bUt rape seed oil In a lamp (figure 3) Is the best for general use. as i( ■ 
 can be packed in small compass and weighs but little. Candled may also be 
 used when no better material Is at hand, and of these highigrado steanne are 
 the best, for purafflne candles, although giving a hlghec hfat, are apt to 
 soften in warm weather. In i^ome Instances even tallow candles will ansuvr, 
 but th«y require constant snuffing. ; 
 
 In an ordinary flame, as from a lamp or candle, the combustion otily 
 takes place on the outer rim of the flame. When a stream of air is btc^m 
 Into it from a blowpipe, however, the combustion takes place In the Interior, 
 Is more complete, and an intense heat is prodaced. When the beginner caft 
 maintain a steady stream of air for several minutes he should seat hlmsolf 
 at a table with his arm resting on the edge, and the lamp llrrhtod m\i 
 trimmed, so as to produce a full, steady, but not a smoky, flame, slightly fy} 
 the left of his face. He should then hold the blowpipe lightly between the 
 thumb and first and second fln*ers of his right hand, and direct the jet "of 
 small end to the edge of the flame just above the wick. T3y reguiutlng the 
 blowing a steady flame should be produced which will be regular and conical 
 If the jet be well shaped. .. • . . . ^ . _^ 
 
 When the lamp bums, the oil Is sucked up by the wtck and vaporiB«p. 
 These vapors unite with the oxygen In the air and burn on the outer edfe 
 •f the flame, tHrMng a hot coat— a, b, c in flgure 4. 
 
 A»the Qxyeen does not penetrate inside this coat, the vapors within a*| 
 Kl^ly h*Rt^ out ol contact with the air. and any metallic oxide plotAi 
 (8) 
 
 t 
 I < 
 
 ■1 
 
 , .» 
 
 m 
 
 Im 
 
 7 I 
 
 '^i 
 
 
 >i 
 
 fi -ft 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 ISt 
 
 within It will, when hot, tend to part with Its oxygen to the carbon and hydro- 
 carbons of the tiame. This Hame Is known m blowpipe analysia ad Die 
 "reducing flame, " abbreviated to "R. F." Figure 5 shows how It is pro- 
 duced with the blowpipe. ,he whole flame being deflected by a gentle bliist 
 so regulated that 1* maintains it: yellow color and Is luminous. As shown 
 In figure 5, the jet is outside of the flame. No soot should be deposUed on 
 the assay and only the extremitj oi the h:mlnons ran should ervplim it. 
 
 The other flame used in blowpipe analysis is known as the oxid'zing tlam* 
 abbreviated to "O. F., ' and the manner oi producing it with tne uioWj-.ije 
 is shown In figure 6. As Is there shown, the jet is thrust somewhat Into 
 the flame, the blast made a little stronger, and the carbon more completely 
 consumed. The inner blue cone of the flame is sharply defined and Is --ur- 
 I'ounded by a nearly colorless envelope, corresponding to the coating a c 
 in figure 4, at the extremity of which metals may' be Intensely heai-'d 'W 
 contact with the a>, and rapidly oxidized. No luminous streaks should ^H 
 allowed to appear . ^ the flame, and assay should be kept as far from the l.i'io 
 point of the Ilame as 's consistent with a temperature high enough for rapid 
 oxidation. 
 
 Before passing fram the subject of the flame, it must be remembered that 
 the heat is most intense at the *lp of the blue cone just referred to and thla 
 is used to test the fusibility of substances without regard to chemical action. 
 
 For the purposes of this article but five methods of supporting the assay, 
 or "supports." as they are technically termed, may be considered— charcoal, 
 platinum, wire ani forceps and open and closed glass tubes. Charcoal 
 should be made from hasswood, pine or willow and should be of even textura 
 and cut into rectangular blocks from one to three inches in width, the same 
 in thickness and not to exceed six inches in length. The assay should ba 
 placed either on a tiat surface, or In a cavity prepared for it at right angles 
 to the rings of growth. 
 
 When an excav:ition Is made for the reception of the assay, it should ba 
 cup-shaped, shallow, smooth and regular. This may be effected by picking 
 a hole in the charcoal with a knife, and revolving In it the rounded end Jr 
 the nsate pestle. 
 
 Platinum win- is usee for supporting beads made from fluxes. The size 
 known as No. 27 Jewelle s' hole 12i/. is best. It should be cut In pieces three 
 inches long and a loop made in one end similar to that shown In figure 7. 
 Care should be taken that th3 loop Is no larger than the actual size shown In 
 the figure when an oil k.mp is used, although it should be not more inaa 
 half the size when a candle Is employed. After using, the looi)ed enda 
 should be thrust In a bottle of sulphuric acid, and before use they should be 
 rinsed with water and thoroughly cleansed. 
 
 Platinum forcejis of a shape shown in figure 8 can be readily made by any 
 Jeweller from elastic brass wire, the tips being made of platinum wire ham- 
 mered, or .soldered, or riveted on for holding splinters of substances in tlw 
 flame to ascertain their fusibility and the color imparted to tiie llame. 
 
 Open Tubes.— A piece of straight glass tubing not exceeding one-quarte» 
 of an Inch in diameter and slightly bent as shown in fit ce 9, about one Inch 
 from the end. This slight angle helps to prevent the at .^ay from falling out. 
 
 Closed Tubes.— A closed tube may be readily mr ■■ by heating an open 
 tube (six Inches long) in the middle and drawing !' ouc. Thus two closed 
 tubes three Inches in length are formed. The ord.-iary shape is shown in 
 
 figure 13 
 
 In addition to the above-named articles a certain amount of accessory 
 
 aoDaratus Is necessary, Including: , ^ , ^ ^ j, ^ 
 
 An asate pestle pnd mortar, to be used for reducing ores to a fine powder, 
 but It should be "sed for grinding only, never for pounding hard bodies. Its 
 shape If given in figure 11. 
 
 A lm"a'ii''r"tangiflar"block of hardened steel to be used as an anvil. On 
 this after first wrapping them In stout paper, the harder ores may be 
 pounded into pieces of suitable size for grinding in the agate mortar. 
 
 A dozen test tubes of hard glass of standard size. k. ^ .i „ 
 
 Substances used to produce chemical changes in bodies by which th^r 
 are recognized are known as blowpipe re-agents or fiuxts. But small Quanti- 
 ties are needed and it is best to purchase them from responsible druggL^ts so 
 flfi tn heTure of their puilty. Those most commonly employed and the only 
 Snes necessary to be mentioned in this article are sodium carbonate, hereafter 
 spoken of as Vodablborate of soda, or borax and phosphate of soda, ana 
 
 "•"two ouncSoYsoda wlfrhe ample to have on hand at a time and it should 
 be K^n a'^giass-stoppered bottle, so as not to absorb moisture from th« 
 
 air 
 
 The 
 ordi 
 
 rhp same Quantity of ordinary commercial borax is sufficient and to 
 
 dip it m the borax """l /"s^,^ Vn^ Vhen cold, after heating In each flame. 
 tl^'^.^r^J^llTLl'ltn. oerfectly colorless and transparent, the "borax hi 
 
 and If the bead remains perfectly 
 pure 
 
 ■I 
 
■^■ 
 
 MININa IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 half an ounce, and tt, like soda and borax, should be kept in a tightly atop- 
 peiwl boMle and labelled. „. ^ ^ 
 
 l-»ure or "test lead" must also be purchased. Eight ounces will be flUIH- 
 
 Flaely pulverized bone ash for making cupels, as will be hereafter ex- 
 • platned, must be bought; eight ounces will be sufficient. 
 
 The beginner's list of apparatus may be concluded with a two-ounce gla^ 
 stoppered bottle of fuming hydrochloric acid, one of concentrated sulphurio 
 acid and one of pure nitric acid. 
 
 Let UB swppose that the beginner has procured the articles already enum- 
 eeated, and has obtained a measure of proficiency in the use of the blowpipe. 
 ' ITe has found, or there has been given him, a ple<;e of rock which by its 
 
 weight or by the appearance of minerals with metallic lustre contained In It, 
 he suspects to be rlph in valuable metals. How shall he proceed to deter- 
 mine whether it contains gold, silver, copper or lead, or all, or none of these 
 ii .<''. elesients? Also which ones, if any, are present in sufficient quantities to con- 
 stitute rich ore. Where possible, a sample of ore weighing at least two 
 pounds should be taken and cracked into fragments the size of a hickory 
 nnt. Three of these should be taken at random, and further crushed into 
 particles the size of an apple seed. Half of this should be taken, wrapped 
 fa clean paper, labelled and laid aside. The remaining half should be 
 wrapped In stout paper and further crushed on the steel anvil, after which 
 It should be fi"*"Iy pulverized in the agate mortar, and also wrapped, label- 
 led, and laid aside. 
 
 Suppose, for example, that it is desired to test the fragment under 
 exomination for gold and silver. A piece of charcoal is slightly bored, as 
 deacribed before, and a small portion ot the pulverized mineral Is placed 
 fD the bottom of the cavity. The lamp and stand are placed In front of the 
 ©pi^rator t+lightly to the left. The lamp is inclined downward to the left so 
 tltift the O. P. envelopes the assay, which is held below and to the left of 
 th« lamp. 
 
 The assay, after roasting, as described hereafter, should be kept in the 
 CX P. for several minutes, when If none but volatile metals are associated 
 with the sold, the former will be driven off, and on examination with a mag- 
 nifying glass a minute malleable gold colored globule will be found at the 
 bottom of the cavity. While being heated, the gold assumes a peculiar 
 grodnlsh hue resembling melted copper. It is a good plan to add a small 
 portion of borax and continue the flame for a few minutes to remove traces 
 ot oxidizing metals and brighten the globule. A little soda may also be 
 added, as it hastens the elimination of sulphur and arsenic, If present In 
 small quantities. 
 
 When gold is present, but associated with reducible metals, such as silver 
 or copper, the gold must be reducod by a process known as cupellatlon. 
 
 Prepare a piece of charcoal as before described, except that the cavity 
 should be slightly deeper. Place a small portion of the assay In the bot- 
 tom of the cavity together with six or seven parts of test lead, and one 
 to two parts of powdered borax glass (In proportion to the amount of the 
 assay). Raise the vsick of the lamp so that the flame smokes slightly, and 
 turn upon the assay a moderate R. F. As soon as the globules of lead 
 begiin to run together, the whole assay should be covered with a hot R V. 
 Tl« object of the operation is to collect the gold and silver, If any be pres- 
 ent, together with all the reducible metals. Into one globule with the lead, 
 and vcrfatllize or slag off any others. Tt Is readily seen that the top of the 
 assay may be easily heated, but in order to properly heat the bottom the 
 assay must be turned over. This cannot be done if any lead is oxidized and 
 dls.^olve<l in the melted body, for the latter will then stick to the charcoal. 
 It te thus apparent that great care must be exercised, particularly In the 
 beginning of the process, to keep the assay always under R. P. After about 
 twa minutes In the reducing flame, the gold and reducible metals are collected 
 Into a "button" with the lead, and the flame Is then changed to a pointed 
 O. P. and directed upon the button. The latter bubbles and bolls actively 
 under the flame for another two minutes, during which time all sulphur, anti' 
 moay or arsenic present In the original ore Is removed. The lead button Is 
 then poured out on the anvil, freed from slag, if any adheres, and is ready for 
 cupellatitMi. 
 
 For cnpelllng, a smooth cavity Is bored In the charcoal a quarter of an Inch 
 in depth and five-eighths of an inch in diameter at the top, gradually decreas- 
 ing- towards the bottom so as to render It cup-shaped. A small amount of 
 bone ash Is then mixed Into a paste with water and pressed into the cavity 
 wit* the broad end of the agate pestle, so as to leave the bone-ash surface 
 slightly concave and nearly even with the coal. The bone ash Is then heated 
 slowly to redness In the O. P. to remove any trace of moisture, and the lead 
 button Is placed In the cupel so formed, the O, P. directed upon It. When the 
 lead button has become fused, the coal cavity is brought nearly vertical, 
 and the O. P. Is directed on the bone ash. Just in front of the button, rather 
 tl).Tin on the button Itself, so that the ash may be hot enough to absorb the 
 fused litharge, none of which muFt remain on the surface oi the cupel. By a 
 proper direction of the flame and turning of the charcoal, Ihe button Is slowly 
 driven about until a considerable amount of silver Is shown by a play of ooiom 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 in 
 
 fjJttnn nrpv m,cil i^^l^®; J^ *^? *=°""? «' ^^^ "^^^ few seconds the lead 
 In thfl ^iPnpT ^h?l fll^„^°^''"L"°* ''^'■y '"strous, becomes bright and fixed 
 vUitfon hn« nnf l^iLM^.l"? should occuT on a portion of the cupel on which the 
 thA ?««» mn^oJ f^'°r'?l '■ested and the brightening Is more effectual if at 
 the last moment the button is almost touched with the tip of the R. F. to 
 J^fJ^o^Lw?" ^"^^R"^ °» litharge. After it becomes bright, the button is slowly 
 IJ?, f^^t ?"?,.l'^*^ "''^™^ ^"^ examined with the magnifying glass to detect 
 S^iL^J^ f,l '^^^J,^?^^^'*^^ ^°"''^ 8:Ive the silver-white lustrous button a 
 ?^f.i f^ fL K ^.^.- ^°]^l^^ present in sufficient quantity, would give a yellowish 
 hue to the button. This should not be confounded, however, with the yellow 
 due to the fllm of oxide of lead, which latter is at once removed by treating the 
 assay for a few seconds in the R. F. If on the contrary the color is due to 
 gold. It will remnin unchanged in the R. F. A large button should not be 
 cooled rapidly, as it Is apv to "sprout" or throw out branch-like projections, 
 thus losing .sliver. If heated too strongly after brightening, the button loses 
 silver by a combination with lead oxide, forming a rose-colored coating on the 
 cupel. This latter, however, must not be mistaken for the bright orange red 
 coating frequently formed by the litharge alone near the rim of tno cupel. 
 Should the button have a pure deep gold color it may, for the purposes of this 
 article, be considered pure gold, as 2 per cent, of silver will give gold a brass 
 yellow color, and a comparatively white globule may contain as large a per- 
 centage of gold, as 40 per cent. It is therefore necessary to separate the silver 
 from the gold. 
 
 When gold is present in an amount not to exceed the proportion of one part 
 of gold to two and one-half parts of silver, it Is separated bv a process known 
 as "parting." The globule is heated with moderately stro! t; nitric acid, and 
 all the silver is dissolved, leaving the gold a dark residue. Even If the button, 
 after fixing and brightening, Is silver-white and lustrous, it may still contain 
 4 per cent, of gold, and therefore nil globules obtained from cupel action s^imuld 
 be parted, and in order to be on the safe side an an nt of pure silver should 
 ■be added and fused with borax glass on ch.iroo with the globule, 
 
 varying from two and one-half times the weight > on in cases of a 
 
 brags-yellow globule to hal* the weight in that oi r-whl» globule. 
 
 In this fusion a moderate R. F, should bo used and ouected upo'i the siMHI 
 until the metals are well fused and thoroughly mixed. 
 
 The resulting globule should be gently heated In a test tui »vith diluted 
 <three-quarter strength) nitric acid and the silver dissolved out, le; Ing the 
 gold in a dark brown or black spongy mass or in separate particles. 
 
 The cessation of bubbles indicates that the silver has been dissolved and 
 the acid should then be boiled a short time, the solution poured off and the 
 proportion of gold present estimated from the amount left in the test tube in 
 -comparison with the whole amount tested. 
 
 After a portion of the ore under examination has been tested as descrlb» 
 'In the preceding sections for gold and silver, take in the platinum forceps 
 small part of the rock that has been put aside and labeled, moisten it wiiii 
 hydrochloric acid, and heat it in the tlame. The latter should be colored a 
 beautiful blue if copper be present. 
 
 If this reaction is not obtained, a small amount of the powder should be 
 used to saturate a bead of microcoamic salt on platinum wire and adding 
 chloride of sodium (salt), when the blue flame should result if copper b' 
 present In appreciable quantities. 
 
 When the presence of copper is ascertained, a small portion of the fine 
 powder is mixed with three times its volume of soda and a little water into a 
 stiff paste. A moderately deep cavity is then made in a piece of charcoal 
 and the bottom covered with this paste. After two or three minutes treat- 
 ment with a strong R. F.. if the substance is not readily fused the assay 
 may be cooled and powdered and a little more soda added. On a second 
 treatment one or more me* illlc buttons should have been collected, which 
 can be separated by a kni ■ -olade from any slag or fused soda that has not 
 sunk into the coal. 
 
 The metallic globules so reduced are either pure copper or an alloy with 
 other reducible metals. .,, ,, i,,*„- 
 
 Where the globule is pure copper, the surface is often darkened, but may 
 be brightened and a copper color obtained. If rubbing fails to show the true 
 •color of copper or one of Its alloys, the globule should be heated for a minute 
 or two In the inner edge of th^ O. F. and. when cooled, hammered out and 
 
 ^ It then the true color Is not obtained, but the globule is still dark, add a 
 small portion of borax and treat it again in the O. F. to brighten and remove 
 traces of sulphur. Too short a treatment of soda in the beginning is often a 
 cause of failure to beginners In this test. 
 
 Although copper and most of Its compounds are easily reducible by the 
 above process. If the presence of copper is ascertained by coloration of the 
 flame in the platinum .'orceps. or with microcosmlc salt, but cannot be reduced 
 to a metallic globule, the ore is probably a sulphide, arsenide, or selenide of 
 >coDper and should be first roasted. To roast the powder, make a wide, 
 shallow cavity in a piece of charcoal and spread over it a layer of the pow- 
 dered^ubslancor pressing it down gently with the end of the agate pestle. 
 
 
 ■: '^ll 
 
192 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 Heat gently at first with the O. P. to avoid fusing and then bring it to a low 
 red heat until the garlic fumes of arsenic or sulphur fumes are no longer 
 perceptible. Then treat alternately in the O. P. and R. F. until no fumes 
 escape. The powder will then usually form a crust, which .should be carefully 
 turned with a knife-blade and the bottom treated in the same manner. 
 
 After portions of the ore under examination have been tested for silver, 
 gojd and copper, as before described, a small portion of the powder is placed 
 In a shallow cavity on charcoal and the lamp turned downward, so that the 
 ticxine can be directed downward upon it. In the O. F. lead is volatile and 
 In the R. P. is is also volatile and colors the flame an azure blue. 
 
 Near the assay a dark yellow lemon coat is left on the charcoal, while at a 
 distance the coating Is sulphur yellow. Lead fuses easily, and when sulphide 
 or chloride are heated before the blowpipe on charcual, they fuse and deposit 
 a white coating outside of the yellow coat above described. The white coat 
 is volatile in R. F. and tinges it blue. 
 
 Lead li metallic globules may be readily obtained from Its oxides and 
 most of Its salts by the reduction tests before described. The globule Is a 
 light bluish fe^ay In color, malleable and soft. The characteristic reaetlong 
 are the coatings it gives the coal and the azure blue tinge It Imparts to the 
 R. P. Lead Is ei-slly volatilized and very fusible, yielding a metalMc globule 
 very readily, so th.xt care must be taken to continue the heating no longer 
 than necessary to obtain the metal. When lead Is reduced on charcoal. It may 
 safely be said that the first globule to appear Is lead, and the assay may be 
 cooled and the globule or e-IoV)ulef" may be detached from the slag and unfused 
 I M'Ps with the knife blade. Their weight compared to that of the assay 
 will determine the proporuon of lead in the ore. 
 
 LIST OP APPARATUS. 
 
 1 common blowpipe (brass). 
 
 1 blowpipe lamp and stand. 
 
 1 pint rape seed oil. 
 
 1/^ dozen wicks to fit lamp. 
 
 1 mortar and pestle. 
 
 1 dozen standard size blowpipe Char- 
 cot 
 
 3 piece:- platinum wire 3 Inches long, 
 jewelers' No. 12»4 hole. 
 
 1 pair brass wire forceps, platinum 
 tips. 
 
 1 4 ounce hammer. 
 
 1 piece lV2X>/<!x3-!nr'h hardened steel. 
 
 1 dozen % test tubes, 6 inches long, 
 of hardened glass. 
 
 1 magnifying glass, double lens. 
 
 1 roll stout wrapping paper (5 yds). 
 
 CHEMICALS. 
 2 ounces blborate soda. 
 ? ounces blcarbonffcte soda. 
 
 1 ounce mlcrosmlc salts. 
 
 2 ounces concentrated sulphuric acid. 
 2 ounces concentrated nitric acid. 
 
 2 ounces concentrated hydrochlorlo 
 
 acid. 
 
 (All In glass-stoppered bottles.) 
 8 ounces pure test lead. 
 2 ounces pure silver. 
 8 ounces finely powdered bone ashi.. 
 
 [THE END.l 
 
p.. 
 
 MINING lU THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 zvU 
 
 i^a. S.rf^^!^^J "/^'°r y*'"'" oonsiaera.lon the plan of The Co-operative Mm- 
 ■iJ!,^»,w?^^ I^ ^ i '^^f''"® ^° ^^^^ y°"'" aitention to Its economicdi, safe and 
 S^*^. 1., ^'^".°?? °^ accumulating money for the development of mining 
 piuperiy, and the equitable division of the profits derived from Its succeddful 
 Investment, 
 
 "Vvhen nien of small means found out that a buslneos enterprise which 
 no one of tnem could conauct alone, was possible for theia by uniting tnelr 
 Jabor and tntir cap-ral, they discovered tne secret of co-operanon." 
 
 1 he plan Is neunei new nur untried, and Is based upon tne oounuest busi- 
 ness principles. No mining coinpauy can be safer or sounoer. ino obliga- 
 tions are assumed beyond such as can be absolutely met. The Syndicate la 
 purely co-operailve, and each memuer is Interested In all the asaets in pro- 
 portion to tne number of snares of stock he holds. 
 
 L/BJl!iC'r.— The Co-operative Mining bynuicate Is organized with the 
 object In view: 
 
 First— To furnish a convenient and economical method of accumulating, 
 and a sate, scl'.nurtc and proiiiabie method of Investing the funds inirusiwl 
 to It, in tne deveiojinient of the woiiuertuily rich mining resouices of the 
 fltaic of Washington and British Columbia. 
 
 Second--To arrange its plan of opt-iation so that the golden opportunity 
 to realize handsome prortts is within tne reach of all, the poor ana the rich 
 alike. 
 
 Third— To keep the wealth of our mines at home rather than see It go to 
 foreign countries. 
 
 Fourth — 'lo uuy and develop as many mines as ^an be economically 
 worked, and thus entirely eliminate the uncertainty attendant on the 
 clevelopment of one mine. In other words, by scattering our investment! 
 we are certain to secure one or more rich mines. 
 
 Fif til— Tt, get the values out of the ground, Instead of from fluctuatioiu 
 of stock, oy which unwise plan Peier is so often robbed to pay Paul. 
 
 Sixth— To divide the prortts among the people who furnian the money 
 and the labor tor the work. Instead of giving the lion's snare to so-caiied 
 piomoters. 
 
 PL.AN OF OPERATION.— Members are all stockholders i* The Syndicate, 
 on an equitauie basis, and pay lot tueir stock by Installments in small -uma 
 each moi.tn. Thus the capital is gathered together for invetstment. Kach 
 share of stock has a par value of J60. When The Syndicate has received 
 from installments, and the pro rata share of prohts du<> a share, a suiticient 
 amount to equal its par value, the share Is fully paid, and thereafter non- 
 assessable, and entitled to its full pro rata share of the profits in cash. 
 
 All the I.) vestments of The Syndicate are made only after a tnorough 
 Inspection by tellable experts, and the work of development done under the 
 Bupervlslon of and by experienced miners. To do mining successfully re- 
 quires experience. The mer;e finding of a t'ecc of mineral-bearing rock 
 does not prove that you have a mine, even If it does assay well. Without 
 the knowledge and experience, th d hnder's own money and the money of hU 
 friends may be squandered without results, and his falsely raised hopes 
 vanish. 
 
 EXPENSES.— The expenses of this Syndicate are paid out of the profits. 
 No portion of the payments of the members can be used to pay office rent, 
 or office expenses, or salaries to the officers or employes of The Syndicate, 
 either dlre<tly or Indirectly. Every cent must go to pay tor property 
 bought or to the emyrtoyes engaged In developing that property, and their 
 eupplles. The officers are conservative and economical in the management 
 of the affairs of the Syndicate. Large expenses mean small proiits; but low 
 expenses mean Increased prollts ana satisfied members. 
 
 QUARTERLY EXAMINATION OF THE BOOKS OF THE SYNDICATE. 
 —It Is th«- duty of the advisory board to meet In January, April, July and 
 October each year. They shall at each meeting appoint an auaiting commit- 
 tee of three to examine the Investments, books and accounts of the Syndi- 
 cate and make a full sworn report of their Investigation to alt tho members. 
 This advisory board consists of twenty members, none of whom can be 
 trus-^ees. The board also will advise with the trustees as to purchase or 
 eaie of all properties. _ ,_ .^, , 
 
 WHO MAY BKCOMB MEMBERS.-Any person, upon subscribing for or 
 In any way becoming tiie owiiui of a fraction of a share, or one or more 
 Bhaea of the aock of this Syndicate, shall become a member thereof, and 
 as such shall be entitled to all the benefits and profits as prescribed by the 
 articles of Incorpomtlon and by-laws. Provided that minors or corporations 
 may become members and hold stock In the name of a trustee. Bach stock- 
 holder or trustee, on receiving his certificate of stock, shall be considered aa 
 binding himself, in all respects, to comply with the articles of incorporation 
 and by-laws, and all regulations adopted under them. Applications for stock 
 must be made on a blank form f u rnlslied by The Syndicate. 
 
 -,, -. ui< Si'Oi K.-The sto.;k of The Co-operative Mining Syndicate 
 Is divided Into shares of $50 each, payable In Installments. Wnen the Install- 
 ments Mid and profits credited amount to $dO, the share Is fully paid. No 
 more Installments will be required, and the share wilt receive its dividends 
 thereafter li. cash. The Installments are: . »v. ^_ 
 
 Erther $25 00 per share a year; or $12.50 per share ev^ry six months; or 
 46.26 p<r share every three months; or $2.00 per share every month. 
 
 r 1 * J 
 
 m 
 
 lis 
 
 4 
 if 
 
 ^ ! 
 
 \i 
 
M 
 
 MliWli^b IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 The profits are credited on contributing stock only. The non-contrlb- 
 utlng stock Is held in trust by three trustees for the benefit of all fully paid 
 and contributing members. The terms of the trust agreement are such that 
 the trustees shall divide all the profits accruing from premiums derived 
 from the sale of this stck and all the dividends apportioned to this .stock, 
 share and share alike, a', .ong the members. Thus the unsold -^tock is pooled 
 not for the benefit of all the promoters, but for the benefit of all the mem- 
 bers who get all the dividends that accrue to It, as well as its advance In 
 value. 
 
 All shares earn pro-rata dividends or profits, and all dividends are divided 
 
 PAYMENTS ON CONTRACTS NON-PORFEITABLB. 
 
 The payments made on a contract to purchase stock In the Co-operative 
 Mining Syndicate cannot be forfeited. 
 
 . The smallest amount received $2, buys a full paid, non-assessable cer- 
 tlflcate of stock for 1-25 of a share, or a like proportion, no matter if the pur- 
 chaser is paying on one share or more 
 
 TRANSFERS.— The regular fee of twenty-five cents is charged for each 
 certificate of stock transferred. No transfer Is valid unless made on the 
 books of The Syndicate. 
 
 METHOD OF INVESTING MONEY.— First— It is an iron-clad rule of 
 our Board of Trustees to never purchase a "prospect" for cash; and it is our 
 plan to always arrange for a certain portion of development work as a first 
 payment on any property we bond, demanding In the "bond" ample time to 
 discover values before making a payment of any material sum. 
 
 Second— The expenditures are limited to development work only, until a 
 property shall show up sufficient "pay ore" to guarantee the investment In 
 machinery for operating It. Each property is handled on its own merit and 
 expense stopped as soon as we have reason to doubt its value. 
 
 Third— A number of our best miners carry stock and are Interested In 
 
 making a dollar go as far as possible. Knowing that we are continually 
 
 opening properties, they do not hesitate to recommend the stoppage of work 
 
 on any given property, If they ha\ reason to do so, as they are sure of 
 
 'employfnent. 
 
 EXPENSES OF INVESTMENT.— Our expenses are limited to inspections 
 of new properties, and thfe superintendence of those under development. 
 Each property is inspected semi-monthly by our experts, and every care is 
 taken to avoid wasting a dollar. Situated as we are, In close contact to the 
 properties we are operating:, we have ready access to them, as a Board of 
 Trustees and Officers, and by our personal attention can have perfect knowl- 
 edge of all the details. In which we have great advantages over many syndi- 
 cates and corporations who conduct such matters through agents, often 
 thousands of miles distant. 
 
 HOW MONEY IS HANDI^ED.- Every protection possible has been given 
 to the funds of The Syndicate. All officers who handle money are placed 
 under ample bonds or furnish Fidelity Insurance in some reliable company. 
 The receipts collected by the Treasurer and his agents are deposited dally to 
 the credit of The Syndicate in the Scandinavian-American Bank. The Treas- 
 urer can not check them out. This money can only be paid out on checks 
 signed by both the Secretary and President of The Syndicate. Money is not 
 allowed to accumulate In banks, but is invested as rapidly as It can safely 
 be, after careful examination Justifies Its Investment. 
 
 BOARD OF TRUSTEES AND ADVISORY BOARD.— The Syndicate has 
 a Board of seven Trustees and an Advisory Board of twenty, all of whom 
 must be members of The Syndicate. They are elected at the annual meeting 
 of the stockholders, on the second Tuesday In February of each year. 
 
 Members who have one paid-up share or more have one vote. Members 
 who are not able to be present at the annual meeting may vote by proxy. 
 No prescribed form of proxy shall be necessary, but any written authority 
 stened by a member, substantially delegating his authority to vote, shall be 
 sQliicient. The officers will take pleasure in explaining everything connected 
 with their methods of doing business to shareholders or others desiring to 
 become members. The Board of Trustees is made up of business men, whose 
 records all who intend hocomlng members are invited to investigate. 
 ^BRANCH SYNDICATES.— Branches of THE CO-OPERATTVE MINING 
 SYNDICATE may be established In towns where sufficient business Is done 
 tQ warrant it, by five or more shareholders associating themselves together- 
 aiid electing a president, vice rresldent, secretary, treasurer and not more 
 than seven trustees. These officers shall be deemed the agents of such 
 members, and not of The Syndicate. Syndicates from their nature cannot 
 bp successful In small towns; accumulations are too slow. This chief ob- 
 jection Is removed by a large and general business. The officers of theae 
 nranches should consider themselves, in some sense, representative of the 
 ittcrests of the membe'Ti In the locality, and should correspond freely 
 W^th the central office of The Syndicate, and examine the books, paperap 
 uid records. The Syndicate looks to Its branches for great assistance 1» 
 the sale of stock, at.i their services will be fully appreciated. 
 
 THE CO-OPERfiTIVB MINING SYNDICATE, 112 Columbia Street, Se- 
 attle. 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 The Canadian Gold 
 
 Fields Syndicate, Ltd. 
 
 mCMVMUIBB UK^'A THi IHPnUL ACT, It62. 
 
 i:i>;u|1 
 
 Kxploratton a»« Mlmlnv Syadleivte Nmw Opesmtlnir tke Brnmrnti 
 Gr*M» •■ Dear Park BI*«a^«lB wt Itoaalamd, aad th* JmuU*, A 
 •liver Property la tk« Slocan. 
 
 Caplt«lizat1«tt of 10,000,000 snares of tk* 
 Par Valu* of 10 Cevts Bacli. 
 
 jly 
 
 ty. 
 ity 
 be 
 ed 
 to 
 )se 
 
 »er- 
 
 )re 
 
 ch 
 
 lot 
 
 )b- 
 
 in 
 
 Stock sold only at par. Absolutsly non-assMsabla and no personal naMllty. 
 
 go prcmoters' sharu, all the stock being In the trtasury for the purpeawi oi 
 • company. 
 It iB only Intended to sell two million sharea of the atook at present, tha| 
 belnr ■ufficlent te pay for the properties now under bond, equip them wlta 
 machinery and provide ample worklnc capital. The remalnlns snares In thf 
 treasury do not participate In the profits, but can be sold at any time ttut 
 Syndicate desires to acquire other flrst-class properties. 
 
 Purchasers of Syndicate shares at pur, ten cents, participate In the profltl 
 Of every transaatlaa ef the eompany. 
 
 THE SUNSET GROUP 
 
 Oa Dear Park Veuntaln. adjolnlnc Rossland, la now beln« aotlrelr darelepat 
 by the Canadltn Oeld PMelds Syndicate, Limited. ^ . ^ ^. . 
 
 The shaft on the Sunset No. 2 Is now down 70 feet, and the whole shaft la 
 In pay ere. 
 
 Tlve assays made from fair samples olear acroee tb« shaft five tli* folo 
 lowln« results In told: No. 1, $44.00; No. 2, $42.00; No. 8, $60.40; No. 4, $4S.0i| 
 
 "is'thereanother shaft In the eamp th*t win tlv« wiperlor resultiT 
 
 Flans fer a comj»l«te stesm holsl, air compressor and four-drill plant Mf 
 under way, an4 as leon as equiiiped the extraotlon and Rlilpraent at ptty M* 
 In quantity will be cemmenced. ...... < m.. tt w ^ 
 
 A sears and samplse of ore can be seen at the office of The Waltere Ca. 
 Intending purchasers ef stock are oordlally Invited to oall at the compaar'a 
 office, when they will be taken to examine th# mine. »., . - 
 
 •ukecrlDtlons are now Invited for the fully paid, non-aeseesable aharaa el 
 the Can.dlsn Gold Fields Syndicate. Limited at 10 cents per share. 
 
 No ordar filled for less than five hundred shares Swid ordere and rwnlt- 
 tanoee direct or through any bank. 
 
 THE WAITERS CO., LTO. LY. 
 
 GENERAL MINE BROKERS, 
 ROSSLAND. 
 
 Aqents Wanted. 
 
 C.We-"Walter. •• Rossland. U» aottlh'i, Llobor'a. Moroln* * Noal^l 
 -aad Jledford-McNem'a Cede/i. 
 
 ( ■■ ■ - 
 
 h 
 
 ^pa 
 
 1:, 
 
 
XX MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 Assayer and Chemist . . 
 
 C. E. BOGARDUS, 
 CITY CHEMIST. 
 
 Analyser ot ConI, Watem, Paints, 011», Poisons, Milk, Etc. Chem- 
 loal work of all kinds done. 
 
 00 COLVMDIA STREET, DEiTWEElV WESTERN AND FIRST AVBJ- 
 NLES, SEATTLE, WASH. 
 
 Central Washitigtoti Railroad. 
 
 €. p. CHANBERLIN. 
 
 Receiver. 
 
 The cheapest and only direct route between Spokane, Wash., and the D«»er 
 Trail and Cedar Canyon Mines, the ColviDe Reservation, Methow, Goat Creek, 
 Olianogan couniry and Waterviile, Close connections maae with stage 
 lines at Davenport, Wilbur and Coulee City. 
 
 Trairs leave Snokane at 7:45 a. m., and arrive at Coulee City at 2:15 p, m. 
 dally, except Sunday. For further information call on or address Agnnt* 
 Central Washington Railroad. 
 
 F. R. HANKE, General Passenger Ageflt. 
 
 Telephone 004. 
 
 Open All NUrht. 
 
 Cafe Alladio 
 
 .Snooeasor to SCIFFEIRT BR01» 
 
 The Leading Cafe and Bar In the City. 
 All Brands of Imported Wines, Liquors and Cigars. 
 
 P. iiLLf.D:o. Prapneior. no ond i 12 N. howqki si., mm. m 
 
TABLE OP CONTENTS. 
 
 m. 
 InU 
 
 Pasre. 
 PREFACE . 3 
 
 INTRODUCTORY '. $ 
 
 MONTE CRISTO "..'". U 
 
 GOAT LAKE '. ". 15 
 
 SILVERTON *"/"', ". 17 
 
 SULTAN '. .^^"^11"!".!!!!!!!!]!!!!!!!"]!!!!]!!!!!!!! 23 
 
 SILVER CREEK [ !..!!!!!!...!!.!!]!..!.!!.!! 28 
 
 INDEX ". !]!!!!!!!!..!!!!!!!!.....!!. 83 
 
 MILLER RIVER ', ^ 
 
 MONEY CREEK ', ". ". 39 
 
 SNOQyALMIE 40 
 
 BUENA VISTA 43 
 
 SUMMIT 43 
 
 CEDAR RIVER 4S 
 
 ST. HELENS 48 
 
 WHITE HORSE 50 
 
 THE SKAGIT COPPER BELT 52 
 
 THE CASCADE 64 
 
 SLATE CREEK 68 
 
 THUNDER CREEK 68 
 
 RUTH CREEK 69 
 
 THE CHICO TIN MINES 60 
 
 GOLD CREEK 60 
 
 CLE-ELUM 61 
 
 THE ICICLE 66 
 
 THE SWAUK 66 
 
 WENATCHEE 70 
 
 PESHASTIN AND NEGRO CREEKS ^ 71 
 
 LEAVENWORTH 78 
 
 LAKE CHELAN 80 
 
 STEHBKIN DISTRICT • 82 
 
 THE METHOW 85 
 
 THE TWISP W 
 
 SALMON RIVER 92 
 
 ,OKANOGAN LAKE 94 
 
 PALMER MOUNTAIN 97 
 
 THE COLVILLE RESERVATION 105 
 
 NORTHPORT ^0 
 
 COLVILLE 
 
 CEDAR CANYON ^^ 
 
 MINERAL CREEK JJJ 
 
 TRAIL CREEK J" 
 
 SLOGAN Vf 
 
 AINSWORTH I™ 
 
 NELSON ," 
 
 BOUNDARY CREEK |^ 
 
 NORTH KETTLE RIVER ^ 
 
 CAMP McKINNEY t?l 
 
 FAIRVIEW AND KEREMEOS \^ 
 
 THE COAST DISTRICT JJJ 
 
 HARRISON LAKE ^g^ 
 
 THE SMELTERS ' ^gj 
 
 DIGEST OF MINING LAWS ^^ 
 
 THE REDUCTION OF ORES ^g, 
 
 CYANIDE TREATMENT OF ORES -^^ 
 
 BLOWPIPE ANALYSIS ' 
 
 I 
 
 
 ISC' - 
 
zxil 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 '^^>tTHEvva- 
 
 Dou&las Mlnin^p Investment 
 
 and Brokera^ Co., Ltd.t 
 
 Vancouver, B. C. 139 Cordova St. 
 
 C. S. DOUGLAS, - - - Managing Director 
 
 Mining Prooerties Bcught and So!d In 
 All the Mining Districts ef 
 British Columbia. 
 
 W« have mining properties In the following camps that are worth th» 
 attention of investors: Texada Island, Shoal Bay and Harrison Lake, wher« 
 cost of mining and transportation Is very low, owing to water transportation 
 the year around to coast smelters; LUlooet, Clg Bend of the Columbia (free 
 milling gold propositions). Boundary Creek (free milling gold proposition), 
 Blocan and Trout Lake. 
 
 Quotations given on mining shares in all companies operating in British 
 Columbia. 
 
 Prospectors having mineral claims which they want to sell, or have de« 
 reloped, are invited to correspond with us. 
 
 Correspondence with investors invited. 
 
 Agents for the following companies: 
 
 Big Bend Gold Fields, Ltd., owning six mineral claims, or 818 acres of 
 mineral ground, traversed by numerous quartz ledges carrying free gold, 
 Situated on the headwaters of the famous McCuUough Creek (whose placers 
 have yielded over half a million dollars in gold). In the Big Bend of the 
 Columbia, Kootenay. Capital, $2,000,000, In 2,000,000 shaits of $1 each, fully 
 paid up and non-assessable. One ni'illon shares set aside for development. 
 
 Hegina Mining Company of Slocan. Ltd. Capital, $200,000, In 400.000 share* 
 of 50 oen.L8 each; 100,000 shares In treasury. Mine on Two Friends Mountain, 
 on Springer Creek, Slocan District, Kootenay. Ore runs 201 ounces silver 
 and }2.'> gold. 
 
 Albernl Mountain Rose, a free milling gold proposition. In the wonderfully 
 rich Albernl District, Vancouver Island. Capital, $2ou,000. in 260,000 $1 shares; 
 100.000 nharea sot aside for developing property, which is being done as rapidly 
 as puastble. 
 
 The Harrison Lake Star Mining Company. Capital, |500,0UO. In 600,000 
 ■bares of |1 each; 260.000 shares in the treasury. 
 
 Capital, $600,000, In 500,000 shares of H eachj 
 
 Four mineral claims on east side Harrison 
 
 ing gold proposttlc. 
 
 Prospectuses of above companies and price of shares sent to any address 
 •u application. 
 
 favorable terms will b* made with responsible brokers In United Statsa 
 aad Canada for handling blocks of stocks In any of the abova comoanlea. 
 
 eegistered Cable Address: "Stanford." 
 odes: A B C , 4th edition, and Morelns * NsaL 
 
 wuireB oi ti eacn; icou.uuu snares in inc 
 Cliff Uold Mining Company. Capl 
 
 E.OOO shares in tlit treasury. Four 
 ke. Free milling gold proposition. 
 
INDEX TO MAPS. 
 
 WASHINGTON AND SOUTHKRN BRITISH COLUMBIA. .. .Opp. title page 
 
 MONTK CRISTO AND GOAT LAKE Qpp. p. " 8 
 
 8ILVERTON Opp. p. ,8 
 
 8ULTAN Opp. p. 22 
 
 SILVER CRHEK Opp. p, 32 
 
 INDEX ; Opp. p. 34 
 
 MILLER RIVER, MONEY CREEK AND BUENA VISTA Opp. p. 36 
 
 SNOQUALMIE Opp. ». 40 
 
 SUMMIT Opp. p. M 
 
 CEDAR RIVER Opp. p. « 
 
 ST. HELENS Opp. p. IB 
 
 WHITE HORSE Opp, p. iU 
 
 CASCADE, THUNDER AND STEHEKIN DISTRICTS Opp. p. 04 
 
 SLATE. RUBY AND CANYON CREEKS Opp. p. 68 
 
 GOLD CREEK Opp. p. TO 
 
 GLE-ELUM Opp. p. C 
 
 SWAUK Opp. p. N 
 
 NEGRO AND PESHASTIN CREEKS Opp. p. 12 
 
 liEAVENWORTH Opp. p. ffi 
 
 LAKE CHELAN Opp. p. » 
 
 THE METHOW Opp. p. g4 
 
 THE TWISP Opp. p. Be 
 
 PALMER MOUNTAIN Opp. p. 98 
 
 RESERVATION Opp. p. 1(» 
 
 CEDAR CANYON Opp. p. IM 
 
 TRAIL CREEK Opp. p. 122 
 
 SLOGAN Opp. p. 138 
 
 BOUNOARY CREEK Opp. p. IM 
 
 If'. 
 
 H.1 
 
zxlv 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 -IN 
 
 ossland 
 
 B 
 
 / 
 
 VrVj HANDLE MINES. STOCKS AND REAL. ESTATE AND ARE 
 ACKNTS FOR ORIGINAL TOWNSITE OP ROSSLAND AND THE RAIIi> 
 WAY ADDITION TO ROSSLAND. LET US 
 
 Invest Your Money^ 
 
 WE ARE THE LEADING INVESTMENT BROKERS. REFER TO TH* 
 RANKS OF ROSSLAND OR ANY MERCANTILE FIRM, WE HAVB 
 MADE THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS FOR OUR CLIENTS IN ROSSLAND 
 ShXURITIES. LET US MAKE YOU SOME. INDICATE YOUR PREF- 
 ER RNCK-MINES. STOCKS OR REAL ESTATE. AND WHETTHER TOU 
 PRBFCR LONG OR SHORT TIME INVESTMENTS. WRITE US. WB 
 WILL GLADLY ANSWER ALL QUERIES. 
 
 The Redd in -Jackson Co., 
 
 LIMITED LIABILITY 
 
 108 Columbia Av., Rosslaiid, B. C. 
 
 P. O. BOX 397. CABLE ADDRESS "REDDIN." 
 
 USE CLOUGH'S. ABC AND LIBBER'S CODEIS. 
 C. O'BRIEN REDDIN. President. C. P. JACKSON, See'y-Trewi. 
 
INDKX TO MINING CLA1M8. 
 
 \bbrevlatiouM: gr., group; cr., croek; r., river; mt., mount; mtn., 
 mountain; t., lake; C, camp; pi., placer; ext., extension. 
 
 m 
 
 A. Page. 
 
 Abe Lincoln, Trail cr 19 
 
 Aberdeen, OKanogan 1 96 
 
 Aces Up, Miller r 88 
 
 Accidental. North Kettle 156 
 
 Acme, Tiall cr 129 
 
 (Vdams gr. Slocan 135 
 
 Adirondack, Klmberly C, Bound- 
 ary 155 
 
 Admiral gr., Reservation. 109 
 
 AJax, Slocan li<6 
 
 Vlameda, Slate cr R8 
 
 lame gr., Slocan 134 
 
 Alaska, Leavenworth 79 
 
 Alert gr.. Reservation 107 
 
 Alexandria, Coast 165 
 
 Alexandria, Slocan 140 
 
 Alice & Emma, C. McKinney 157 
 
 Alice May, Northport Ill 
 
 Alkl, Trail cr 125 
 
 Allison gr.. Palmer mtn 102 
 
 Alpha gr., Index 36 
 
 Alpine gr., Slocan 141 
 
 All Up, Coast 166 
 
 Amazon gr., Slocan 144 
 
 American Boy, Smith's C, Bound- 
 ary 150 
 
 American Boy, Slocan .....136 
 
 American Eagle. Cle-elum 62 
 
 Anaconda, Providence C, Bound- 
 ary 150 
 
 Anaconda, Silver cr 33 
 
 Anaconda gr., Index 35 
 
 Anaconda, Salmon r 93 
 
 Anacortes gr., Sllverton 18 
 
 Anacorles gr.. Slate cr 67 
 
 Anarchist. C McKinney 157 
 
 Anchor, Long Lake C, Boundary.163 
 
 Andruss. Reservation 110 
 
 Anna, Sliver cr 27 
 
 Annie, Methow 89 
 
 Annie. Trail cr 124 
 
 Annie gr., Snoqualmie 42 
 
 Annie Laurie. Monte Crlsto 14 
 
 Antolne gr.. Slocan 137 
 
 Ap«x gr.. Money cr 39 
 
 ArRO gr., Slocan 133 
 
 Argonaut, Monte Crlsto 14 
 
 Arizona & Washington, Buena 
 
 Vista 43 
 
 Arlington, Snimon r 92 
 
 Arlington, Sllverton 21 
 
 Arlington gr.. Slocan 140 
 
 Asbestos gr.. Sllverton 21 
 
 Athabasca gr., Nelson 147 
 
 Athens gr.. St. Helens 60 
 
 Aurora gr., Cle-elum.... 61 
 
 B. 
 
 Babel cr.. Okanogan I ■• M 
 
 (Baby L«v1e. Sllverton n 
 
 Barisrer. Methow » 
 
 Bagley, Wenatchee 71 
 
 Pag«. 
 
 Bald Eagle, Xclcle 86 
 
 Bald Eagle gr.. Reservation 108 
 
 Bald Eagle, Reservation 108 
 
 Bald Mountain. Sllverton 28 
 
 Ballard pi., Salmon r. M 
 
 Baltimore, Goat 1 IB 
 
 Baltimore gr., Palmer mtn ICd 
 
 Barney Barnato, Ukanogan 1 M 
 
 Battle Ax, Cle-elum US 
 
 Beatrice & Sunset, Silver cr 3B 
 
 Beaver, Cle-elum M 
 
 Beck gr., Slate cr B7 
 
 Belcher, Salmon r 94 
 
 Bellevue gr.. Palmer mtn 100 
 
 Bell & Crown gr., Sllverton 13 
 
 Belle of Tennessee gr., Buena 
 
 Vista 48 
 
 Belle, Miller r SS 
 
 Ben Butler gr., Palmer mtn IQl 
 
 Ben Butler. Silver cr 3t 
 
 Ben Lummon, Twisp 9i 
 
 Ben Lummon gr., Alethow 88 
 
 Bertha, North Kettle r ISB 
 
 Bertha. Swauk Tt 
 
 Best, Slocan 13V 
 
 Big Bear gr., Sllverton Vi 
 
 Big Bear, Swauk jEO 
 
 Big Bonanza, Coast IQ 
 
 Big Bug, Cle-elum n 
 
 Big Copper. Sultaii 24 
 
 Big Eight gr., Twlsp St 
 
 Big Elephant gr., Leavenworth... 79 
 Big Four, Klmberly C, Boundary. 15S 
 
 Big Four gr., Sllverton J3 
 
 Big Fraction. Methow 88 
 
 Big Hole, Reservation ....JJ9 
 
 Big Iron. Reservation IV 
 
 Bigney pi.. Swauk n 
 
 Big Raymond, Silver cr 3 
 
 Billy Lee, Silver cr n 
 
 BIrton gr., Reservation Iw 
 
 Bismarck gr., Chelan 8L 
 
 Bismarck gr.. Slate cr G8 
 
 Black Bear. Palmer mtn .SB 
 
 Black Bess. Providence C, Bound- 
 ary 150 
 
 Black Canytn. Cascade '91 
 
 Black Crystal. Leavenworth 7* 
 
 Black Diamond, Ainsworth 141 
 
 Black Diamond, L.;avenworth 19 
 
 Black Brails. St. Helens W 
 
 Black Hawk gr„ Index 34 
 
 Black Hawk gr.. Summit 41 
 
 Black Jack, Goat 1 If 
 
 Black Jp.ck, Methow f9 
 
 Black .lick. Peshastin T1 
 
 Black Man. Leavenworth 78 
 
 Plaok Monday. North Kettle r....l5< 
 
 Black pi., Swauk Kt 
 
 Black Pr!nce gr., S'ocan .....14J 
 
 Black Prince gr., Snoqualmie 41 
 
 Black Rock. Trail cr ]» 
 
 Blackstone. Silver cr 3fl 
 
 Black Warrior, Metbow St 
 
 Is;: 
 
 
JU.V1 
 
 MINING IN THE3 PACIFIC NORTHWEST,' 
 
 ' 4 
 
 :t:^^J'^A<!.j0^i 
 
 
 ADAMANTINE 
 
 8ho»8 and Di4^4 and ciirome 
 
 C«r<4t Mcfi Ciams T.ipiHits, 
 
 bosses, Eol 1 8h«ll4 and 
 
 Crua.ier Plates. 
 
 Tk««* oaattnya ar« axtenslvely used In all the Mlntng 
 Btat*« and Teirttorles o' North and South America. 
 Ouarantred to prove better and cheaper tlian any 
 •lilt r.i '■■■'^r« ■elicited »iibJeot to above condltlotis. 
 W>ien orderl -tg send sketch with exact dimenstoni. 
 Aeiid f»r II icirMie-i circular to CHROME STEEL. 
 
 ,\V«>KK6, Brooklyi;, N. Y., Kent Avenue, Keap and 
 U»oper Sts. C. P. Mau^hlan, President; F, E. Canaa, 
 
 .Vice r>r«>iii>tent: C. J. Canda, Secretary; J. G. Dun»> 
 
 . CBWl^, Traaaurar. 
 
 W^. T. TOOMPSON. 
 
 Associated M. A. I. M. B. 
 
 Fiaaeer aa<) I/'adin i Hmin; Bruksr of Bonnlary Creek Distriat, B«C 
 .-^ MTD^ATAY, B. O —.^ 
 
 ABC, Moreinc A Ncal's, and Clough't Codea. 
 
 Thereuffli k.iji vvipdue of uiiil iunipl«<^<^ data rurnlahed refardlnr any 9r9f» 
 *«rty In f)knno»aii. Boundary Creek, Slmllkani-en, Tuiamaen, or any part •( 
 Tale DUtriot. ProiiprHea examined and renorttd on. No "wild-cat" clatnMI 
 iMUfcht, selil er handled. Correspondence solicited. Netary PuMlo for Prai^ 
 vlMie of British Columbia. Seventeen years' roMdanoa la tlia dlatrlat •< 
 Ta)«. B. C. 
 
 MAUDE J. WILSON. 
 
 B. .2EWELL WATKIlfS. 
 
 Stenographers and Copyists 
 
 • Niilil IVerk a SpMslaity. Ntawt^rurii WtrlL. 
 
 'a'«l«ption.« Rmdi mti±. 
 
 Roojn 315 Bailey Building:. 
 
 Seattle, Wash. 
 
 ASSAYifR AND 
 CHEMIST. 
 
 All bustnoM etrlotly 
 and acftiraoy (uarant**u 
 
 •« *lt 
 
 expreaa samples. Prlco tiaC «a. 
 pllcattaa. 
 
 Office wild Laboratory RoortiH, .)4-35 Roxwell BuHdlac 
 Cor. First Ave. utid Columbia St., Seattle, Waah. 
 
 (gatahttrtiort Is iMQ^ 
 
 D. »»' V\ w*!. Ohl^f of Detective System. 
 H. Surry. Chief uf Patrol System. 
 
 , WKST cfe SUKKY, 
 
 Puuct f^oiind Deteuttve Agencv atid IVIerchaats' PoHcd Patrol. 
 
 (Clock Hysteai). 
 
 l...,^,.,,v,.p fiiiaiBhed to work in any part uf the r««ino Noiliiwest. Corr*' 
 •iM>i>a«uv>« •uUclLBd from abroad. Kooma Sl-U Unloa block, deattla, WaaJk 
 
MINING IN THE PACITTTC NORTHWEST. 
 
 Page. 
 
 'Black Warrior, Palmer mtn 102 
 
 Black Warrior. Stehekln 88 
 
 Bland, Cedar Canyon 114 
 
 Blazing Star, Summit 45 
 
 Blind L.ead gr., Icicle 6« 
 
 Blind Lead ext.. Icicle 68 
 
 Blind Man, Okanogan 1 96 
 
 Bloom pi., Peshastln 77 
 
 Blue and Grey, North Kettle r.,..156« 
 
 Blue Bell gr., Ainsworth 144 
 
 Blue Bell, Summit 44 
 
 Blue Bird, Slocan 138 
 
 Blue Bird, Trail cr 126 
 
 Blue Devil, Stehekln 83 
 
 Blue Grouse, Summit 45 
 
 Blue Jay, Chelan 80 
 
 B)ue Jay, Okanogan 1 96 
 
 Blue Jay, Skylark C, Boundary.. 1B2 
 
 Blue Jay ext., Chelan 81 
 
 Blue Mnrmot. Summit 46 
 
 Blue Rock gr.. Goat 1 16 
 
 Blue Rose, Methow ^ 
 
 Blue Wednesday, Summit 48 
 
 BItiff gr., Sliver cr 88 
 
 Bobble Burns gr., Coast 166 
 
 Bobtull, Miller r 38 
 
 Bobtail, Sw iuk 70 
 
 Bonanza. Colvllle 112 
 
 Bonanza. Summit 44 
 
 Bonanza. Negro cr 77 
 
 Bonanza King, Ainsworth 145 
 
 Bonanza Queen gr.. Money cr.... 39 
 
 Bonanza Queen gr.. Sllverton 20 
 
 Bondholder gr., Slocan , 140 
 
 Bonlta. North Kf>ttle r 1S6 
 
 Bon Ton gr.. Goat 1 16 
 
 Boston. Cascade B5 
 
 Boundary Falls, Smith's C. 
 
 Boundary 14> 
 
 Boyl's gr.. Cle-elum 64 
 
 Bridal Veil. Cedar r 48 
 
 Bridgeport gr.. Salmon r »...1I8 
 
 Brlggs gr.. Slocan 142 
 
 Brlm?;tone. RpHprvatlon l"* 
 
 Broadway. Twisp 91 
 
 Bronco. Cle-elum 62 
 
 Brooklyn. Goat 1 W 
 
 Brooklyn, Greenwood C, Bound- 
 ary ...,1.^2 
 
 Brooklyn, Methnv 8(! 
 
 Brooklyn gr . Mir«r r 37 
 
 Brothi-M- Jack, Mpthow f^ 
 
 Brown Bear. Cedat r 47 
 
 Brown npnr gr., r'l#-««1t»m..., 65 
 
 Brown Bear gr.. Falrvlew 1S9 
 
 Brown Hear, Swauk 69 
 
 Briire. OfHlhxm'f C. Boundary.... I'tS 
 
 Bruce. Trail cr 128 
 
 Bryan A SewHil. R<»«<»Pvatlon 109 
 
 Bryan gr. I.piwpnworth 78 
 
 Buckhorn. Salmon r , 94 
 
 B'lrkeve, Whlip Hor«« 61 
 
 BiifkeuH, Kerpmeos ......IW 
 
 Bii(Tfil.-t, Slociin 1^ 
 
 Bilker gr . Const 16J 
 
 Biiik mtn. gr. f'olvll1« 11X 
 
 Biillfrou gr.. Pnlnur mtr. Iw 
 
 piillioii Kinu, Htlver or *3 
 
 Bullion. SwHiik W 
 
 Biillv Bov. PoaJtt 1J« 
 
 BtimhlP Bee. Rt »^\-nn w) 
 
 Bnnchgra.su. North Kettle r »W 
 
 Bntikpr Hill A PnlllvHn. Ciiaead*.. 55 
 
 B'itikpr Hill Ptivftrtun « 
 
 Bnr.kor H'll. i'wuuk r W 
 
 Buxrer gr., ro.<l«n fl 
 
 Butte sr., Cle-alum M 
 
 Buttercup, WcHlngton C, Bound- 
 ary i58 
 
 B. X. gr., Okanogan 1 9S 
 
 C. 
 
 C. &C., Trail cr U4 
 
 Cabba, Palmer mtn 101 
 
 Caledonia gr., Peaha^^tln 74 
 
 California Boy, Methow 88 
 
 California, Methow 88 
 
 California. Slocan 139 
 
 California, Trail cr 128 
 
 Calumet, Palmer mtn 108 
 
 Calumet, Wellington C, Bound- 
 ary 158 
 
 Campbell gr.. Summit 45 
 
 Canada, Chelan 81 
 
 Canadian gr., Slocan 135 
 
 Capital, Methow 86 
 
 Capital Prize, Providence C, 
 
 Boundary 150 
 
 Cariboo, C. McKlnney 157 
 
 Cariboo, Leavenworth 79 
 
 Cascade gr., Cascade 84 
 
 Cascade gr., Chelan 81 
 
 Cascade, Cle-elum fli 
 
 Cascade, Summit 46 
 
 Castle, Silver cr 29 
 
 Cataract gr.. Miller r 87 
 
 Cathedral, Twisp 91 
 
 Catherine, Methow 88 
 
 Center Star, Trail cr 121 
 
 Centennial gr.. Reservation IU7 
 
 Chair Peak gr.. Snogualmle 41 
 
 Challoner gr.. Coast ....168 
 
 Charleston. Slocan „.. 138 
 
 Charlotte, Wenatehe© 71 
 
 Chamber of Commerce, Twisp 10. 
 
 Chnmhera gr., Siocnn ..,.181 
 
 Champion gr.. Leaven worth.. 7» 
 
 Chariot, Okanogan 1 1M 
 
 Che«Hpeake gr., Cle-elum.. 81 
 
 Chicago gr.. Cascade SS 
 
 Chicago gr.. Money cr 39 
 
 Chicago. Methow 88 
 
 ChicKgo gr„ Palmer ir.in 100 
 
 Chicago, Reservation ..., 110 
 
 Chicago. St. Helen's H 
 
 Chv-I.«tle, Stehekln 88 
 
 Chippewa gr., Methow 81; 
 
 Chub. Chelan 81 
 
 Churchill gr., Re.xerv»,tlon 107 
 
 CJvinabar King. N'ckto cr 71 
 
 City ot Lincoln. White's C. Bound- 
 ary 1S4 
 
 City of Paris, White's C, 8ound> 
 
 ary , liil 
 
 City of .Spokane, Trail cr 128 
 
 Clara gr., Norihport....... lU 
 
 Clara K., Miller r 88 
 
 Cle-elum, Cle-eliim 64 
 
 C|pni)aira gi., Miller r 87 
 
 Chcimtra, ReservHtlon V.9 
 
 Clpveland. Pedar C«nyon il4 
 
 Clpveiniiil er.. .''Ilvi-rion IS 
 
 Pipvelanil Sno<jiMlmle 
 
 rif>ve. Pnlmer mtn Irt4 
 
 CSilT. Tnitl cr m 
 
 Cilmasi;. Sllverton n 
 
 Clon^ Call. Okanoenn 1 98 
 
 Cock RoMn. .Vorth Kettle r i(f 
 
 Coillns. Summit 4g 
 
 Colojrt'lfl. Slocan J.W 
 
 Cch*. Sllverion il 
 
 <?oli.\!nM.\ A Konft^nal gr., Trail or.m 
 
 CoIiii"IiI>!h. M««thi>w us 
 
 Cotuuibia, K«««rvatlon 110 
 
xxvlli 
 
 MINING IN THK PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 R. PETKOVITS 
 
 MA!VLFAt;Ti;Hli:UM OF 
 
 Importer of Skins. 
 
 AInnlKi, Sonlnkin Guniienta a speolnlty. HlgrheH't price paid tor 
 raw fur. 
 
 MARION STREET, 
 
 between TFlrnt nnd Second. SBJATTOiEJ, WASBU 
 
 LIVERMORPS 
 SPECIALS 
 
 ••••••O 
 
 pon iNPouMATioiv ow MiNiiva iJivKS'nirEiirrs and murB 
 
 ItANDS IN niONATCUlCIi] VAl.Liav, ADORKS0 
 
 C, B. Livermore 
 
 Wenatchee, Washingtoti. 
 
MININOr IN THK PACIFIC NOUTHVVR8T. 
 
 kxlx 
 
 Page. 
 
 •Columbus, Sultan iii4 
 
 Combination, Provldenne C„ 
 
 Boundary njo 
 
 Combination, Silver or 29 
 
 Comet No. 2, Trail cr 127 
 
 Commercial gr., Index 34 
 
 Coming Man, Providence C, 
 
 (Boundary ifiO 
 
 Commander, Trail cr 127 
 
 Commonwealth gr., Aln9worth...,.145 
 
 Commonwealth, Snoqualmlo 42 
 
 Comstock gr., ReHervatlon 108 
 
 Com.stock, Summit 44 
 
 Coney gr., Miller r 86 
 
 Consolidated gr., Sllverton 22 
 
 Contact, Mineral cr ik; 
 
 Contention gr., Palmer mtn 100 
 
 Cook Kitchen gr., Chloo 60 
 
 Coon gr.. Coast .......166 
 
 Copper Bell, Snoqualmie ,.,.. 42 
 
 Copper Bottom, 'Copper C, Bound- 
 ary 151 
 
 OoppiT Bottom, St. Helens BO 
 
 Copper Chief, Snoqualmie 42 
 
 Copper gr., Howard cr.. Index 34 
 
 Copper gr., Trou* cr., In,6 x 34 
 
 Copperhead, Sllverton 20 
 
 Copper King, Coast 163 
 
 Copper King, Palmer mtn 101 
 
 Copper King, Palmer mtn 103 
 
 Copper King, Palmer mtn IM 
 
 Copper Mine, Copper C, Bound- 
 ary l.^l 
 
 Copper Mtn., Reservation ,...109 
 
 CopperopoUa, Copper C, Bound- 
 ary 151 
 
 Copper Queen, Palmer mtn 103 
 
 Copper World, Palmer mtn 101 
 
 Cora M.. Silver cr zx 
 
 Cordick, Summit C, Boundary 154 
 
 Corean, Slocan 1S8 
 
 Corinth, Siocan 134 
 
 Cornucopia gr,. Sultan 24 
 
 Cornucopia. White's C, Boundary.154 
 
 Corona, Silver cr 32 
 
 Countess, Okanogan 1 98 
 
 Courtney, Whiti* Hor««e 5l 
 
 Cowan Ac Shaw gr,. Coast l«t 
 
 Coyota gr.. Reservation 108 
 
 Cracker Jack. Trail, cr ,....124 
 
 Crawford pi.. Peahaatln 77 
 
 Cresicen», Skylark C, Boundary... 162 
 
 Crowbill Cotnt ...161 
 
 Cromwell N'<»l9on 148 
 
 CroBH Lode. St. Helens M 
 
 Crown Point, Crown Point C, 
 
 Boundary 155 
 
 Crown Point gr.. Cl(»-«1uni 64 
 
 Crowr. Point, Mevhow W 
 
 Crown Point. Summit 44 
 
 Crown Point gr.. 3llv»»r cr W 
 
 Crown Point, Slat<» rr , W 
 
 Crown Point gr., Trad cr m 
 
 Crown Pi'nce, 9feti<»Vln w 
 
 Crr»wn Prince. TwWp 91 
 
 Crr'wr ailves', Deadwood C. 
 
 Boundary |^ 
 
 Crusader gr.. Sloinin 141 
 
 Crvmal mtn. gr.. 9umn»It.^,..r^..*... *» 
 
 CrvKtal. St. Hp1i»n!» .,,....,., » 
 
 Culvf'i' BT-, pMh.T'In »»»•..••••••» 
 
 Cumb«^lnr1 rr.. aiocan r.,^....lW 
 
 CumN'rIanrt, Twtwp -••••• ,?} 
 
 Cunrlte, Copn^r C. Ttotindarf M 
 
 Cnr!.-w gr.. P;»!mer mtn {(JJ 
 
 Cfiricvr. Trail f^ .....»....f..<..l2 
 
 Cujrrent ^'., au<i»inlt .,...».... • 
 
 Custer, Leavenworth If 
 
 •*• Page. 
 
 Daisy, Twlsp Bi 
 
 Daley, Silver cr .4..... SB 
 
 Daisy Dean, Negro cr 
 
 Damtlno, Summit 
 
 Datnlino, Methow 
 
 Damon and Pythias, Money or..... .W 
 
 Dandy, Nelson 149 
 
 Dandy, Okanogan 1 95 
 
 Dandy, Greenwood C, Boundary.. 188 
 Dandy Margery, Nor^.l Kettle r...lB9 
 
 Dardanelles gr., Hl,'.'an 138 
 
 Davenport, StelieKfn M 
 
 Deadman cr. pi , Reservation liO 
 
 Deadwood, N^^ro or 77 
 
 Decoration. Melhow 88 
 
 Deep CrecK pi., Leavenworth 7# 
 
 Deer L^Ke gr., Sllvprton 21 
 
 Deer Park, Trail cr I27 
 
 Deer Trail, Cedar Canyon II4 
 
 pee: Trail No. 2, (Jprl^r Canyon.. 114 
 
 De/ender gr., Stehekln 84 
 
 Djfiance, Palmer mtn tVH 
 
 Delacola, Trail cr 135 
 
 Delaware, Cedar Canyon 116 
 
 Del Campo gr., Monte Cristo. 14 
 
 Deloho, Sllvpr cr 29 
 
 Delia .Tane gr., Snofjualmlp 42 
 
 Dellie, AInsworth Un 
 
 Denny Mines. Snoijualmip 40 
 
 Denver gr,, Cascade 55 
 
 Derby, Twlsp go 
 
 Detroit-Windsor, Palmer mfn 105 
 
 Diamond Hitch, Silver cr Si 
 
 Diamond Qup«n gr.. Methow 86 
 
 Dinero Grande, Long Lake C, 
 
 Boundary 158 
 
 Disprtssi, Skflgit M 
 
 Dividend, Palmer mtn 16 
 
 Dolphin, Keremeos , ifl 
 
 Dolphin, C. McKlnn^y M 
 
 Dominion gr., Keremeos ifl 
 
 Dominion. Sliver cr.... ff$ 
 
 Don Tom. Cle-elum S| 
 
 Double Eagle gr., Sllverton t» 
 
 Double Stamp, Miller r M 
 
 Double Standard. Palmer mtn 1?4 
 
 Doubtful. Sllverton a 
 
 Doubtful, Stehekln « 
 
 Dry Spring. .<?ummlt # 
 
 Drummer Boy, Leavenworth....... 7f 
 
 Dundee, Providence C, Bdundary.lW 
 Dutchman, Silver cr n 
 
 r.. 
 
 K«Rle, North Kettle r m 
 
 Eagle, Tjeavenworth ...-.,... ,, 79 
 
 Eagle gr,. Cclcnie ITS 
 
 Ertgle and Tawa. Negro cr 78 
 
 Kfl>'hnr'. Cedar r 47 
 
 Kfl.-r Side. Stehekln :. H 
 
 E<'clefechan, Coast !« 
 
 Kcho gr.. Slocan .Ifl 
 
 E^'ilpse, Palmer mtn..,. .,...,,.1fti 
 
 Kcllp"* gr,, Sllverton .,..,... W. 
 
 Edison gr. Silver er....,^,,,. ff 
 
 Edith. Ruth er .,...,..,...« 
 
 Ednh gr. Reserv^at Ion. .r „.,,,..>•..,. rt 
 
 Editor. Sllvpr t ,,*,*.«...,. 
 
 EMon gr . SL>cnn ..*^,v,'..v.. 
 
 EI Dorado gr, C(5sc,-id«< i-..v.,ii...-,. 
 
 El Dorndo, (Joai Laife... , 
 
 El Dorado gr.. Palmer mtn l<Vf 
 
 Electric, Coast 
 
 Eleph.HU, Cedisir Canyflt* 
 
 Elephant, Chelan .«...„ 
 
9^' 
 
 MINING IN THE PACrFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 MInini and Scientific Press. 
 
 (n 
 
 ESTABLISHED 1860^ 
 
 'The oldest and most widely circulated weekly journal of Its ciass In th* 
 flfnlted States. Its conservative and reliable course has made It an excepttonallf 
 strong advertising medium among the largest buyers in the Pacific States and 
 ISjrritorles, Mexico, South America and Australia. A glance through St* 
 columns will convince anyone of the estimation in whtch it is held by I*ad«n» 
 In -business. 
 
 Send for Sample Copy. 
 
 Jte^.,»..»^MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS, 
 
 220 Market Street, Sau Francisco. 
 
 Elevator, 13 Front Street. 
 
 Every 
 
 Prospector 
 
 SHOILD HAVE A 
 
 CAMERA 
 
 WK HAVK ALL STVIiSS AND 9IZBS. 
 
 We also keep Dlovr Pipes and SapiiIleN. 
 
 Washington Dental and Photographic Supply Co., 
 
 Sll CwHaiuItlM. St., 0|>p. P«MitafBoe, 
 SeAttlw, Wa»k. 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 „ Pave. 
 
 Elgin, Slocan 135 
 
 EUse, Nelson 147 
 
 Elizabeth, Suminit 44 
 
 Elkhorn, Cedar Canyon 116 
 
 Elkhorn, Slocan 138 
 
 Eliza, Mlnera". cr U6 
 
 Ellen and Alkl. Silver cr 32 
 
 Ellen, Alnsworth 145 
 
 Elliott pi.. Swauk 68 
 
 mils, Snoqualmle 42 
 
 Elmo, Sultan 2S 
 
 Emanuel gr.. Palmer mtn 105 
 
 Emerald gr., Methow 86 
 
 Emerald No. 2, Leavenworth 79 
 
 Emma gr., Snoqualmle 42 
 
 Emma, Summit C, Boundary 154 
 
 Emma gr., Chelan 81 
 
 Emma gr.. Coast ..161 
 
 Emma Bess, Silver cr 32 
 
 Emma C. gr., Trail or 129 
 
 Emma. Lee, Chelan 81 
 
 Empire gr., Palmer mtn 101 
 
 Empire gr.. Reservation 108 
 
 Empire. North Kettle r 157 
 
 Enterprise. Slocan 140 
 
 Enterprise. Copper C, Boundary .l.il 
 
 Epha, Cle-elum 64 
 
 E. Plurihus. Palmer mtn 104 
 
 E. S.. Okanogan 1 95 
 
 Esmeralda gr.. Sloran 141 
 
 EsmernWa, Leavenworth 78 
 
 Esmeralda No. ?.. Leavenworth.... 79 
 Esther and Louisa gr.. Gold cr.... 61 
 ciSther Hilbert gr.. Cedar Canyon. 115 
 
 Ethel. Summit 46 
 
 Ethel. Monte Crlsto 14 
 
 F»>^loPfi. Lonrr Lake C.. Boundary.153 
 Etna. Greenwood C, Boundary,... In3 
 
 Etna. Northport Ill 
 
 Etta. Miller r 37 
 
 Eureka gr., Slocan 137 
 
 Eureka, Wenatchee 71 
 
 Eureka, C. McKInney 157 
 
 Eureka. Slocan 133 
 
 Eureka gr.. Slate cr 57 
 
 Eureka. Peshastln 73 
 
 Eureka ar,.. Sllverton... 22 
 
 Eva. Summit 44 
 
 Eveleen. Leavenworth 79 
 
 Evening Star. Trnll or 124 
 
 Ev#>nlng Strxr. Summit 45 
 
 Everett. Skagit 53 
 
 Everett, Twlsn 91 
 
 Everett gr., Sllverton 18 
 
 Everjjreen. Silver cr 33 
 
 Ewtng gr.. Summit 46 
 
 Excelsior, Slate or 17 
 
 Excelsior, Methow 89 
 
 P. 
 
 Palii. Trail cr 129 
 
 Pftmlly gr.. rt*>-elum 63 
 
 Fanny. Sllverton 19 
 
 Farmer, Okanogan 1 96 
 
 Fern gr., Nelwnn 1<? 
 
 Fldatgo. Reservation 107 
 
 Fidelity c'-- Re«erv<»tlon 106 
 
 First of Aiiguat, Swuuk...... 69 
 
 Finit Thought. RalTron r 93 
 
 F1«h Eagle, Cl^-olnm ......... fa 
 
 FIshsr Maiden. Slocan 1S9 
 
 Flmptmmonx gr.. Toast 1^ 
 
 Flamingo. StPhekln "* 
 
 Fletr^e*- Webster gr., Buena Vlstm 43 
 
 Flodin pi.. Swnuk ^ 
 
 Flom. Btehektn •• ^ 
 
 Florence, Summit ...<.•••••'•••• ** 
 
 Flossie, Twisp tt 
 
 Foggy gr.. Goat 1 1^ 
 
 Fontenoy, C. McKinney UT 
 
 Ford pi., Swauk fff 
 
 Forest King, Summit M- 
 
 Forest Queen, Summit M 
 
 Forsyth gr.. Coast IM 
 
 4j, Sultan M> 
 
 Foster, Northport Ill 
 
 Fourteen gr.. Trail cr iSt 
 
 Fourth of July gr.. Leavenworth.. 7> 
 
 Fourth of July, Cascade 6< 
 
 Fourth of .July pi., Reservation.... 110 
 
 Frankle Girl, Palmer ml:n 104 
 
 Free Coinage, Stebekin St 
 
 French, Summit 4S< 
 
 Friday gr., Methow 81 
 
 G. 
 
 Galena Farm gr., Slocan 181 
 
 Gambler's Dream, Cle-elum 6* 
 
 G, A. R. gr.. Providence C, 
 
 Boundary 150 
 
 Garnet, North Kettle r 168 
 
 Gem, Chelan 81 
 
 Gem, Peshastln <• 
 
 Genne, Stehekln 8S 
 
 Georgia, Trail cr ....124 
 
 Georgie Smith gr., Leavenworth. 79 
 
 Geiman, Leavenworth T9- 
 
 Gertie, Stebekin 88 
 
 Gertrude, Trail cr 125 
 
 Giant. Trail cr 124 
 
 Gibson, Chelan 81 
 
 Gift, Goat 1 10 
 
 Oilman, Wenatchee 71 
 
 Gip.sy Queen. Silver cr 81 
 
 Glad.^tone gr.. Palmer mtn 100 
 
 Glengarry tjr., Silverton 20 
 
 Glory of Mountains gr.. Goat 1... 10 
 
 Goerlcke gr.. Siehektn 84 
 
 Goleonda gr., St. Helens 40- 
 
 Gold Boy. Silver cr 88 
 
 Gold Bar gr.. Sliver cr 81 
 
 Gold Bar, Sultan f> 
 
 Gold Bar, Twisp «1 
 
 Gold Bug, Clp-elum it 
 
 Gold Coin. Slate cr Si 
 
 Gold Dollar, White's C, Bound- 
 ary .W4 
 
 Gold Drop, Deadwood C, Bound- 
 ary .•-^51 
 
 Gold Drop, Greenwood C-. Bouru- 
 
 ary 15* 
 
 Gold Drop, Long Lake C, Bound- _ 
 
 ary ]2 
 
 Gold Dust. Paln^r mtn HU 
 
 Gi'li Dust. RpsPivatlon IW 
 
 Gold Eagle, Silver cr 28 
 
 Golden Cord. Monte Crlsto 18 
 
 GoWen Crown, Skylark C, Bound- 
 ary ,..lnl 
 
 Golden Crown gr., Trail cr -••!** 
 
 Golden Crown, Wellington C., 
 
 Boundary •••^•* 
 
 Golden Eagle, Long Lake C., 
 
 Boundary 1w 
 
 Golden P'leece, Palmer mtn 104 
 
 Golden King, Wetiatchee W 
 
 Golden Rod. White's C, Bound- 
 
 ary JJl 
 
 Golden Slipper. Coast W8 
 
 Golden Zone. Palmer mtn 188 
 
 Gold Hill. FalrvlPW 1» 
 
 Gold Mill. Pnlmer mtn 1|5 
 
 Gold Hill Trail or , !» 
 
 Goldie, Mineral cr •Ul 
 
 5" 
 
 I 
 
xxxil 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 W. WALLACE R4DCL1FFE, President and 6eneral Nana&cr. 
 6E0. GOE, Mining Expert. 
 
 The Puget Mining and Brokerage Co. 
 
 CAPITAL . . . $25,000 
 Office, 208 Pioneer Building, Seattle, Washington. 
 
 Skiers In MInes and lHlln!n$ Stocks of SterUng Worth. 
 
 Correspondence solicited. MINKS examined and reported npon. 
 Information fnrnlslied by this company will ever be reliable in 
 every detail. 
 
 We are In perfect touch with the prospectors In the best mining district* 
 of Washington and British Columbia. 
 
 We are well posted on the most promising properties in course of develop- 
 ment. This information we impart to our correspondents to their great 
 advantage. 
 
 We are in constant correspondence with the leading canl*allsts and brokers 
 In Eastern and foreign money centers. We will Buy, Bond, Develop and 
 sell Amines and Mining l-Tospects of sterling worth. 
 
 We bring the prospector and the capitalist together on an equitable basis. 
 The stocks offered by us for sale are Al investments, as we expert propertiea 
 before listing stocks. 
 
 The Pittsburg Mining & Operative Company is under our management, 
 and will pay a dividend for the month of June, 1897. This consists of 60 
 prres of rlacer, 15 fpet doep. going 35 cents a cubic yard; and the Rainy Creek 
 Group, Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4, on a 50-foot mineral bearing lode or vein, 
 assaying well in gold, copper, silver anu nickel. 
 
 A. H. Burkman, 
 
 ASSAYER and 
 ANALYST, 
 
 IfORTHPORT, W>ASB. 
 
 Prompt and accurate retarna 
 guaranteed. 
 
 J. M. Sparkitiati» 
 
 Office, 00.% Bailey Balldlnflr, 
 tea.tUe, Wa«ta. 
 
 L. F. McCONlHE, 
 
 Miiiiiig 
 Broker. , 
 
 OLE-BLUM DISTRICT. 
 Ros'lyn, "Wash. 
 
 VV. I. SCOTT-^v 
 P. C. ELLSWORTH, 
 
 Attorneys at Law. 
 
 30, S7 and 9fl Occidental Dlds*.. 
 Seattle, Wash. 
 
 ICspeclal attention flrtveu to 
 mluJuir bajtiuemh 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 xxziil 
 
 Page. 
 
 Gold King. Okanogan 1 % 
 
 Gold King. Trail cr 123 
 
 Gold Leaf. Swauk 70 
 
 Gold Mountain gr.. White Horse.. 52 
 
 Gold Standi rd. Coast 161 
 
 Gold Standfrd gr.. Summit 46 
 
 Golden Triangle, Twlsp 92 
 
 Golden Tunnel, Index 35 
 
 Gold Vein & Badfeer, Swauk 70 
 
 Goodenough, Slocan 136 
 
 Good Luck, Gold cr 61 
 
 Gopher. Trail cr 126 
 
 Gordon Creek gr.. Silverton 23 
 
 Gordon, Negro cr 75 
 
 Grady gr.. Slocan 139 
 
 Grand Prize. Trail cr 128 
 
 Grand Republic. Cascade 56 
 
 Grand Summit, Palmei- mtn lOO 
 
 Grandview gr., Cle-elum 64 
 
 Grandvlew gr.. Palmer mtn 103 
 
 Granite, Cascade 56 
 
 Granite, Chelan i>l 
 
 Granite, Ruth cr 60 
 
 Granite, Silverton 18 
 
 Granite King, Gold cr 61 
 
 Granite mtn., Silverton 19 
 
 Graves gr.. Coast 105 
 
 Grey Eagle, Greenwood C, Bound- 
 ary 152 
 
 Grey Eagle gr., Methow 86 
 
 Grey Eagle, Silver cr 32 
 
 Grey Eagle, Stehekln 84 
 
 Great Eastern, Leavenworth 79 
 
 Great Hesper, Smith's C, Bound- 
 ary •••149 
 
 Great Hopes. Deadwood C, 
 
 Boundary • 151. 
 
 Great! Northern, Leavenworth 79 
 
 Great Northern gr.. Sultan 25 
 
 Great Western, Swauk 69 
 
 Great) Republic, Reservation ..109 
 
 Great Scott. Silver or. 32 
 
 Great Wonder. Swauk 69 
 
 Gregor. Snoqualmie « 
 
 Green Crown. White Horse 51 
 
 Green Eye, Twlsp 91 
 
 Greenhorn. Swauk ;••;••• 1? 
 
 Green Mountain gr,. Snoqualmie.. 41 
 
 Green Tree pi. Swauk oT 
 
 Grljzly, St. Helens 50 
 
 Grlzly, Silverton jj- 
 
 Grizzly Bear, Nelson. 148 
 
 Q. R. SovcrelgTi. Trail cr 128 
 
 Ouye gr., Snoqualmie 41 
 
 H. 
 
 Hamilton gr.. Skagit : 54 
 
 Hancock. Silver cr ^ 
 
 Hannah. SHverton «» 
 
 Hannah gr., White Horse |1 
 
 Happy Thought, Chelan g| 
 
 Hard Pass. Sultan.. » 
 
 HardscrabHe. Cle-elnm » 
 
 Hard-up. Okanogan 1..... • ™ 
 
 KarqueHla. Copper C, Boundary.151 
 
 Hart pi.. Swauk......... » 
 
 Hartay gr.. Thunder cr B9 
 
 Hartford. Thunder cr w 
 
 Battle gr.. Twl.=r) --^ 
 
 ITftttle Brown. Trail cr iw 
 
 Hawk. Cle-elum ••.. "J 
 
 Hawksnest. T.pnvenworth *» 
 
 Hawkeye. Miller r............. »» 
 
 Hecla. Smiih's C. Boundary 1« 
 
 Hehe gr.. Repervutlon i^ 
 
 Helen gr . Trail cr ig 
 
 Helena, Sultan » 
 
 Pag^ 
 
 Helena gr., Silverton 1$ 
 
 Helena ext.. Silverton 20 
 
 Hercules, Palmer mtn 104 
 
 Hiawatha. Silver cr 2* 
 
 Hidden Treasure. Methow 88 
 
 Hidden Treasure, North Kettle r..lB» 
 High Kicker. Providence C, 
 
 Boundary 150 
 
 Highland gr., Ainsworth 144 
 
 Highland, Trail cr 12» 
 
 Highlander, Ainsworth 144 
 
 Highland gr. White Horse 51 
 
 Highlander gr., Miller r 37 
 
 Highland Chief, C. McKlnney 157 
 
 Highland Chief, North Kettle r...l5S 
 Highland Chief, Cedar Canyon.... 115 
 
 Highland Light, Methow 80 
 
 Hilltop, Trail cr 128 
 
 Homestake. Salmon r 93 
 
 Homestake. Trail cr 126 
 
 Homestake. Cascade 56 
 
 Homestake. Stehekln 83 
 
 Honest Johns gr., Colville 113 
 
 Hoodoo, Silverton 18 
 
 Hoosier gr.. Palmer mtn 102 
 
 Hope. Silver cr 28 
 
 Horseshoe, Silver cr 32 
 
 Horseshoe Bend, Sultan 25 
 
 Howard gr.. Index 33 
 
 Howard gr., Slocan 141 
 
 Huckleberry. Cle-elum 62 
 
 Hulett, Ruth cr 59 
 
 Humboldt. Methow 88 
 
 Humbug, Cle-elum 62 
 
 Hunter, Goat 1 16 
 
 Hunter. Methow 86 
 
 Hunter, White Horse 51 
 
 Hunter gr., Chelan 82 
 
 Hustler, Slocan 134 
 
 I. 
 
 Icegate. Thunder cr 59 
 
 Ida Elmore, Cle-elum 64 
 
 Ida May, Methow » 
 
 Ida Queen, Trail cr, 128 
 
 Idaho, Methow g 
 
 Idaho gr., Chelan ^81 
 
 Idaho, Trail cr 121 
 
 Idaho, Slocan 134 
 
 Idler. Slocan 1^* 
 
 I,rl-ass, Cle-elum 64 
 
 Independence. Salmon r 94 
 
 Independent, Silverton 18 
 
 Ingersoll. Coast 16» 
 
 International. Palmer mtn IJjS 
 
 Iowa, Chelan M 
 
 Iowa, Trail or IM 
 
 Irene gr., Chelan 8» 
 
 Iron Cap No. I. North Kettle r....lr>6 
 
 Iron Cap. Chelan 81 
 
 Ironclad. Sliver cr 82 
 
 Iron Colt. Trail cr 1» 
 
 Iron Cross. Chelan 81 
 
 Iron Crcwn, Slocan 142 
 
 Iron Crown gr.. Cedar Canyon. ...116 
 
 Iron Hope gr. Trail cr 127 
 
 Iron Horse. Northport HI 
 
 Iron Horse. Slogan lll> 
 
 Iron Horse, Trail cr 124 
 
 Iron Horse gr.. Renervatlon !<« 
 
 Iron King. North Kettle r 15« 
 
 Iron Maok. Okrinogan 1 W 
 
 Iron Mask. Trail cr 121 
 
 Ironmaster. Palmer mtn IftI 
 
 Iron Mines, Cleeliim «5 
 
 Iron Mine. Mineral cr 116 
 
 Iron Mountain gr., Index U 
 
 
 
 
 ^I'l 
 
aixxiv 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 J C Consolidated 
 
 Nlnin$ Company, 
 
 EVERETT, WASH. 
 
 Incorporated wader tlie laws of the State of Vfnih*ttfrt(m, 
 . , Capital str«Qk $2,000,000, fully paM and non-assessable. 
 
 P<-ef erred stock, 149,999 shares; common stock, 60,00^1 
 «]iare8; par value, $10.00 per share. 
 
 W. C. Cox, PMsId^nt. 
 L. A. Dyer, Vice Presiclent. 
 Wm. P. Brown. General Managrer. 
 Louis Henry Legre. Secrotary. 
 8. M. Kennedy, Treasurer. 
 Bv«r«tt National Bank, Depository. 
 
 TRUSTEEBt 
 W. C. Cox, 
 L.. A. Dyer, 
 Wm. F. Brown, 
 Mark Swinnertoa, 
 W. H. Ward. 
 
 Chas. K. Jenner, Attorney. 
 
 Ttj« mines comprise a group of twenty-flve claims located In SnoliomWh 
 Cftunty, In the Cascade Mountains, at the head of a branch of the Sultan 
 Sanin, two and one-half miles from Sllverton, and are at an elevation of 
 4,100 feet above sea level. Development work has been in progress for over 
 a y«ar, tunnels and shafts driven opening up a true Assure vein extending 
 through the group of claims 7,500 fi^et, that varies In width from six to 
 eighteen feet, on the hanging wall of which there is a chute of hlsrh-grad* 
 ore averaging eighteen Inches In width, from which two car-load shipments 
 have 1»«an made te the Everett Smelter, the flrsi returning $105.96 and the 
 second tlM.Ot per ton. These figures speak better than assays, of which w« 
 hav« a great variety, ranging from J2,0OO per ton down. The rich ore chuto 
 values lie In brittle silver, gray cepyer, ruby silver, gold and galena. There 
 Is an unlimited quantity of low-grade ore that will run from $8.00 to KIO.OO 
 per ten. This Is good concentrating ore and is being stored on the dump, 
 awaiting th9 erection of a concentrator, when it can be handled at a grt^at 
 profit. Two hundred and flfty feet of Tunnel No. 2 has jUwl been completed, 
 tapping the ore vein 17B feet below Tunnel No. 1, which runs 181 feet on ora. 
 One thousand feet east a seventy-two foot tunnel has been driven, and 1,000 
 teet farther east a ItSS-foot tunnel. These are on ore all the way. 
 
 A train Is under construction from Tunnel No. 2 to the mlllslte, the com- 
 mon converging point for the dlflferent workings, from which ore v/lll bO 
 packed by horses until such a time as the large tram can he con^iructed to 
 Bllverton. The company has an abundant supply of excellent tlnih«r on tho 
 premises for all mining and building purposes, and also has two water powers 
 With a fall ef over 700 feet each, which are utilised in furnishing all power 
 required for the operation of electric light, saw mill and other plants. 
 
 This Is the only Mining Company In the Cascades that has bet- n running 
 all winter withuut niisHiiig a shift, and they will commence the s^poiei^t of 
 ero la May, when the packtraina can b« regularly run. 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 Pare. 
 
 IronsMea, Miller r 87 
 
 Iron Top. Deadwood C., Bound- 
 ary 151 
 
 Iroquola. Nelson 148 
 
 Isoletta ffr., Stehekln 83 
 
 Ivanhoe Rr.. Palmer mtn M 
 
 IVAnhoe. Slocan ,,186 
 
 I. X. L., OknnoKan 1 96 
 
 I. X. L., Trail cr 128 
 
 I. X. L., Peshastin, 74 
 
 J. 
 
 J. A. C, Providence C, Bound- 
 ary IBO 
 
 Jack of Spades iirr.. White's C, 
 
 Boundary 154 
 
 Jnrk Pot. St. Hplen's 50 
 
 Jackson pr., Sincan 1SR 
 
 JaokPon. Sllvprton „..". 20 
 
 Jasper, Thunder cr 69 
 
 jnfinpraon. Sllvprton 82 
 
 Jeff Davis. Alnsworth ...145 
 
 Jefferson. Stehekln 84 
 
 Jennie, Slocan 141 
 
 Jennie T^ee. Twisp 91 
 
 Jenny L.1nd. Slonan ....1S9 
 
 Jensen n1.. Swank 68 
 
 Jespp. WhUe Horse 151 
 
 Jessie. Pnlmer mtn 98 
 
 Jessie Hflrner pr.. Mineral cr lifl 
 
 Jewel. T.on? 1.. Boundary .....IKS 
 
 «.Jlm. Welllnptnn C. Boundary F4 
 
 Jim Plnlne. Trail cr 129 
 
 Jim Dandy. Silver cr 32 
 
 J. J. Hill. Sliver cr 32 
 
 Job Dandv. Fnlrvlow l.'^S 
 
 John Arthur. Salmon r 93 
 
 JoVin Tj.. Cedar Canyon 116 
 
 John<tNirff. Cnofade 55 
 
 Johnson arr.. rie-elum fi4 
 
 Joker. Trail cr 128 
 
 Jolly Bov. Cpdar Canyon 115 
 
 Jones pi.. Swauk 68 
 
 Jonpa * Dpnnett nl.. Swauk 68 
 
 Josenhlnp e-r., Methow S8 
 
 Josle, Swfltik 70 
 
 Josle. Troll cr 122 
 
 Julia. Pnlmpr mtn ,101 
 
 Jumho, okanogran 1 96 
 
 Jumho. Trail cr 129 
 
 Jumbo. Pfioc«dp 56 
 
 Jumho. fonnpr C, Boundary 151 
 
 Jumbo, Sliver cr 29 
 
 Jum^o. Oknnoean 1 98 
 
 Jumho. Tra" or 1?3 
 
 Justin e-r . Wh1»p Horse 52 
 
 Just Tn Ttmp. Pip-plnm 63 
 
 Just In Time, Methow 88 
 
 K. 
 
 Kalamazoo pr., Palmer mtn 101 
 
 Kallspell. Slocan IjW 
 
 Katie. Miller r , ^ 
 
 Seenenl.. Peshastin ^77 
 
 ; Ceno. WelHnffton C. Boundary... 153 
 
 Centiickv Belle. St. Helen's 50 
 
 Ceystone fcr., Cle-elum 66 
 
 iCeyatbne gr.. Monte Crlsto........ 14 
 
 Ceysione gr., Wellington C, 
 
 Boundary Ig' 
 
 Kevwinder. White Horse ol 
 
 King Bee, Nor.h Kettle r IBg 
 
 KIne- David. Miller re....... W 
 
 Kln,T gr.. Summit « 
 
 King Solomon, Cie-elum w 
 
 Klg Solomon, Copper C, Bound- 
 
 ary 151 
 
 King Solomon, Okanogan 1 96 
 
 Kirk Lake gr.. Coast .....ISt' 
 
 Knight Templar. Trail cr 121 
 
 Knob Hill, Qreenwood C, Bound- 
 ary 151 
 
 Knob Hill, Reservation 1» 
 
 Knoxvllle. Bllverton Bl 
 
 Kootenai, Slate cr... 38 
 
 Krao, Alnsworth 14> 
 
 La Belle, Trail cr IM 
 
 Lady of the Lake, Salmon r St 
 
 La Kuna, Salmon r 94 
 
 Lafayette, Reservation 107 
 
 Lake, Stehekln 8t 
 
 Lake City, Cle-elum 6t 
 
 Lakeview, Palmer mtm lOt 
 
 Lakevlew gr., Northport Ul 
 
 Lakeview, Long Lake C., Bound- 
 ary 15S 
 
 Lakeview ext., Palmer mtn 10} 
 
 Lalla Rookh, Monte Criato 14 
 
 Lancashire Lass gr., Palmer mtn.. 100 
 
 Lark, Okanogan 1 96^ 
 
 Larkin gr., Okanogan 1.... 9S 
 
 Larsen gr., Methow 89 
 
 Last Chance, Cedar r 4S> 
 
 Last Chance, Cle-elum 62 
 
 Last Chance, Copper C, Bound- 
 ary t 151. 
 
 Last Chance, Methow ($6^ 
 
 Lust Chance, North Kettle r 156 
 
 Last Chance, Skagit 64 
 
 Last Chance, Skylark C, Bound- 
 ary ISL 
 
 Last Chance, Sliver cr 29 
 
 Last Chance gr., Slocan 136 
 
 Last Chance, Smith's C, Bound- 
 ary 149- 
 
 Last Chance, Snoqualmle. 48 
 
 Last Chance, Wenatchee 71 
 
 Last Dollar, Silver cr SS> 
 
 Latah, Twisp 91 
 
 Laura Lindsay. Snoqualmle 43 
 
 Lead King, Providence C, Bound- 
 ary 160 
 
 Leadville gr., Palmer mtn lOO- 
 
 Legal Tender, Snoqualmle 42 
 
 Leo, Negrc cr 70 
 
 Le Rol, Trail cr....... , 119 
 
 Le Roi. Miller r 8S 
 
 Le Rol, C. McKinney 158 
 
 Leta, Snoqualmle 4k 
 
 Lexington, White's C, Boundary. 154 
 
 Lida, Silver cr 29 
 
 Lightning, Peshastin 7» 
 
 Li Hung, Coast 161 
 
 Lillie May, Alnsworth 14S 
 
 Llllle May, Trail cr 124 
 
 Lily James, Silverton 21 
 
 Lily of the West. Goat 1 1« 
 
 Lincoln, North Kettle r 1S6 
 
 Lisburn, Northport Ill 
 
 Little Chief gr.. Sultan 22 
 
 Little Duncan. Okanogan 1 96 
 
 Little Falls. Palmer mtn 104 
 
 Little Gem, Summit ^. 4E 
 
 Little Gem gr., Reservation IVt 
 
 Little Giant, Goat 1 11 
 
 Little Giant, Reservation Ittl 
 
 Little Giant gr.. Trail cr 13| 
 
 Little Ironifr., fteaie^^'ati<Jn 10 
 
 Little Jap, Chelan 
 
 Little One, Okanogan 1 
 
zxxvi 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 Arthur M. Donlllon, 
 
 Civil Bngrlnner and Draughtsman. 
 
 KaJTaa Dnek, M. A. I. M. B. 
 
 BUCK 6 BOUILLON, 
 
 Mining and Civil Engineers, 
 
 DRAUGHTSMEN AND BLUE PRINTERS. 
 
 Reports furnished on mining properties. General supervision of mlnM 
 attended to. 
 
 We publish the following new mining maps: 
 
 Map of Trail Creek MInlfg Division, from Columbia river west to Christina 
 Lake, showing clalm.s. Size 27x36. Price 11.60. 
 
 Map of North Fork of Salmon River and Wild Horse Creek, showing 
 claims. Size, 23x34. Price $l.r)0. 
 
 Map of Murphy Creek and Sullivan Creek, showing claims. Price 1.00. 
 
 Map of th€> boundary Creek District. Kettle River Division, from Christina 
 Lake west to Rock Creek, also showing a ten-mile strip of the Colvllle Indian 
 Reservation. Price Jl.FO. 
 
 New Map of the Trail Creek Mining Camp, giving more Information than 
 any map ever published, and showing the groups of claims owned by the 
 Incorporated mining companies; artistically drawn and without a doubt the 
 best map of the camp ever published. Price 11.00. 
 
 IN PRFJPARATION: New map of the Slocan Mining Division. Other 
 districts made from time to time, as we are able to procure reliable In- 
 formation. 
 
 We also httndle other publishers' mining maps, so no matter what district 
 you wanL call on or write to us and we will procure It If possible. 
 
 The Engineering 
 And iiining Journal 
 
 OF NEW YORK. 
 
 The most useful, progressive, widely circulated and Influential paper in 
 the world devoted to the mineral Industry, and no one engaged in any depart- 
 ment of that industry can afford to be without It. 
 
 Absolutely indispensable to the Prospector, Miner, Chemist. Engineer, 
 MetaHurglst. Merchant, Manufacturer, Banker, Investor and Legislator. 
 
 Subscription price: For the United States, Mexico, and Canada, J5.00 per 
 ««num; for all other countries In the Postal Union, $7.00. 
 
 The Mineral Industry, 
 
 ITS STATISTICS, TECHNOLOGY AND TRADE IN THE UNITED STATES 
 
 AND OTHER COUNTRIES: 
 
 Vol. I.~From the Earliest Times to the close of 1892 ■....$2.50 
 
 vol. II.— Supplementing Vol. I., to the close of 1893 5.0« 
 
 Vol. III.— Supplementing Vols. I.. II.. to the close of 1894 5.00 
 
 Vol. IV.— Supplementing Vols. I., II., III., to th€ close of 1895... 5.06 
 
 Vol. v.— Supplementing Vols. I, II.. III., IV., to the close of 1896 5.00 
 
 These are the most thorough and exhaustive works on the statistics and 
 progress in mining and metallurgy that have ever been published, and no 
 person at all intere.sted in the Industry can afford to be without them. Each 
 volume Is complete In itself. The Information contained In one is supple- 
 irented but not repeated in the other. Send for complete catalogue of Im- 
 portant scientific publications. 
 
 Vbe Sclentlflv PaliUithiuir Co., PabliMtaer«, 2S3 DroadTirn.y, New York. 
 
I' 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 xxxvil 
 
 .00 
 .M 
 
 lO 
 
 e- 
 
 Page. 
 
 Little Phil, AInsworth 144 
 
 Little Plttsbuig, Skagit 54 
 
 , Litile I'liii, Miller r 38 
 
 Liverpool, Leavenworth 79 
 
 LlvlnKstcne, Swauk 69 
 
 Llvlngsiono pi., Swauk 68 
 
 Lizzie, Methow 89 
 
 Lockwood gr.. Silver cr 28 
 
 Lolette, Summit 44 
 
 London, Methow 88 
 
 London gr., Slocan 139 
 
 Lone Pine, Reserv tlon 109 
 
 Lone Star, Methow 89 
 
 Lone Star, Miller r 38 
 
 Lone Star & Washington gr., Res- 
 ervation 108 
 
 Lone Star, Salmon r 93 
 
 Lone Star, Slocan 138 
 
 Lone Star gr., Summit 46 
 
 Lone Star, Twisp 91 
 
 Lookout, Methow 88 
 
 Lookout, Skylark C. Boundary..,. 1.52 
 
 Lorindale, Coast 163 
 
 Lost Creek gr., Index 34 
 
 Lost Lode, Snoiiuali. " 42 
 
 Lottie S.. Stehekln 83 
 
 Lucky Dog gr.. Reservation 107 
 
 Lucky Jim gr., Sloeaa 138 
 
 Lucky Joe, Silver cr 32 
 
 Lucky Queen, Trail cr 124 
 
 Lula, Silverton 19 
 
 Lulu, Skylark C, Boundary 152 
 
 Lulu, Stehekln 84 
 
 Lulu, Twisp 91 
 
 Lynch pi.. Pesha.stin 77 
 
 Lynn, Miller r 38 
 
 M. 
 
 Mabel May, Okanogan 1 96 
 
 Mabel, Trail cr 124 
 
 Mabel, White's C, Boundary 154 
 
 M. and H. No. 2, Silver cr 33 
 
 Mackinaw gr.. Reservation 107 
 
 Mahapac, Summit 46 
 
 Maje.stle. Nelson 147 
 
 Major, Methow 89 
 
 Major, Thunder cr 59 
 
 Mammoth gr.. Palmer mtn 102 
 
 Mammoth, Palmer mtn 104 
 
 Mammoth, Providence C, Bound- 
 ary 150 
 
 Mammoth, Slate cr 57 
 
 Manistee, Peshastin 73 
 
 Manly, White Horse 51 
 
 Maple Leaf. C. Mc Kinney 157 
 
 Marcu.s-Stein gr., Chelan 82 
 
 Marengo. Silver cr ?!♦ 
 
 Marine, Ruth cr 60 
 
 Marlon. Peshastin 73 
 
 Mariposa, Trail cr 123 
 
 Markley, Miller r 38 
 
 Marshal Ney, Twisp 91 
 
 Mary Ann. Mineral cr 116 
 
 Mary, Cle-elum 63 
 
 Mary Ellen, Swauk 70 
 
 Mary L., Summit C, Boundary.... 154 
 
 Mary, St. Helens 50 
 
 Maryland, Trail cr 123 
 
 Marv M'-Cormlck, Trail cr 129 
 
 Mckinley, Miller r 38 
 
 McKlnley, Summit 46 
 
 McRee, Index 35 
 
 Mascot gr.. Reservation 109 
 
 Mascot, Trail cr ...126 
 
 Master Mason, Providence C., 
 
 Boundary 150 
 
 Mastodon gr., Buena Vista 43, 
 
 Piige. 
 
 Mattie, Cle-elum 65 
 
 Mattle Jane, Chelan 81 
 
 Maud O., Cle-elum 64 
 
 Maud, Silverton 18 
 
 Maverick, Okanogan 1 96 
 
 Maytlower, Cle-elum 63 
 
 Majillower, Fairvitw Vt9 
 
 Ma.\ (lower. Sliver cr 38 
 
 Malliower, Silverton 21 
 
 Miyllower, .'^kylark C, Boundary. 1.52 
 
 Mayflo\\ r, '1 rail cr 128 
 
 Mayflo. er, Stehtkin «4 
 
 Meadow pi., Salmon r 94 
 
 Meaghtr pi., Swauk 68 
 
 Monitor, ^Slocan 133 
 
 Monitor and Sterling, Silverton.... 22 
 
 Montana, Methow 89 
 
 Monte i;irlo. North Kettle r I."i6 
 
 Monte Cilsto, Trail cr 122 
 
 Montezuma, Gricnwood C, Bound- 
 ary 15J 
 
 Montezuma gr., Slocan 141 
 
 Montreal, Coast 161 
 
 Mono gr.. North Kettle r ir.« 
 
 Mono, Mllier r 88 
 
 Monoshee, Okanogan 1 94 
 
 Moonshine. Cmlar Canyon 115 
 
 Morning Glory, Okanogan 1 96 
 
 Morning, Leavenworth 79 
 
 Morning Star, Falrview 159 
 
 Morning Star gr.. Cle-elum 65 
 
 Morning Star, Silver 1 28 
 
 Morning Star, Trail cr 124 
 
 Morning Star, Summit 44 
 
 Morning, dwauk ^9 
 
 Morrison Deadwood C, Bound- 
 ary 151 
 
 Moscow, Chelan 81 
 
 Mother Lode, Deadwood C, 
 
 Boundary 150 
 
 Mother Lode gr., Leavenworth 79 
 
 Meridian. Negro cr 76 
 
 Meteor, Slocan 140 
 
 MpxIco. Skviirk C. Boundary 1'2 
 
 Michigan gr., Cascade .56 
 
 Michigan gr., Silver cr 33 
 
 Midas gr.. Cascade 55 
 
 Miike Maru, Silver cr 32 
 
 Mike Maloiiey. Methow 86 
 
 Mile Point, AInsworth 144 
 
 Miller Creek gr., Slocan 134 
 
 Miller River gr., Mllier r 137 
 
 Mills, Methow 88 
 
 Mina, Miller r 38 
 
 ■Minneapolis, Stehekln 84 
 
 Minnehaha. Silver cr 28 
 
 Missing Link, Greenwood C, 
 
 Boundary ^ 153 
 
 Mobile, Twisp 91 
 
 Mohawk, Salmon r 94 
 
 Mollie Gib-^on gr , Slocan 142 
 
 Monarch, Greenwood C, Bound- 
 ary 152 
 
 Monarch gr.. Negro cr 76 
 
 Monday, Methow S8 
 
 Monita. Trail cr 123 
 
 Mountain Pelle. Cle-elum 63 
 
 Mountain Boy. Re'-ervatlon 109 
 
 Mountain Chlpf, Clp-elum 63 
 
 Mountain Ch|pf, Slocan 139 
 
 Mountain Fairy, St. Helens BO 
 
 Mountain Gem. Millet r 38 
 
 Mountain Goat. T,eavenworth 79 
 
 Mountain Goat, Twisp 90 
 
 Mountain Lily gr., Methow 88 
 
 Mountain Rose, Summit C, Bound- 
 ary 154 
 
KXXViit 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 Alfred Allayne Jones, 
 
 stock and Mining Broker, 
 
 VANCOUVER, B. C. 
 
 Golden Caclie, Two Frlenda and all reliable MtookH bongrht ajvd 
 ttoid on CuiunilHNlon. Mlnlnv proitertles negotiated. 
 
 Codes Vaedt CIouffh*«, Moerlns A Neal, A II C, 4tli edition, aaA 
 ■•dford-HoNelll. 
 
 Mining Practice a Specialty. 
 
 Melvin Q.Winstock 
 
 Attomey-at-Law, 
 
 Offices 236-237-238 Occidental Block. 
 
 lr#I«pliione Red 271. 
 
 SISATTMS. WAJMB. 
 
II 
 
 lUNINO IN THH PACIFIC NORTHWBBT. 
 
 xxxix 
 
 Page. 
 
 •fountain Sheep, Coaat I6t5 
 
 Mountain Sheep, Stehekln 83 
 
 Mountain '. low Extension gr., Res- 
 
 ervatloK log 
 
 Mouiitfin View, Okanogan 1 95 
 
 Mouiita'.n View, Reservation 108 
 
 Mountain Whistler, Cle-elum 63 
 
 Mt. Hood, St. Helen's 60 
 
 Muldoon, Nelson 147 
 
 MyerH cr. pi., Rpservatlon HO 
 
 Myrtle C. gr.. White Horse 52 
 
 MysKiry, Monte Crlsto 12 
 
 S. 
 
 National, Silver cr 32 
 
 Navajo gr.. Goat 1 16 
 
 Nebraska, Chelan 81 
 
 Nellie Cotton, Skylark C, Bound- 
 ary 152 
 
 Nellie, North Kettle r 156 
 
 Nell, Summit 45 
 
 Nelson pi., Swa>-.« 67 
 
 Nemo, Silvercon 21 
 
 Neosha, Alnsworth 143 
 
 Nest Egg-Flretly, Trail cr 126 
 
 Nest Egg, Rfiservation 108 
 
 Neubaur bl., Swauk 68 
 
 Nevada, Goat 1 16 
 
 Nevada, Icicle 66 
 
 Nevada, Trail cr 123 
 
 New Seattle, SUverton 22 
 
 New York gr., Negro cr 75 
 
 New York Palmer mtn 108 
 
 New York, SUverton 19 
 
 New York, Wnlte's C, Boundary. 154 
 
 Nickel Plate gr., Negro cr 77 
 
 Nickel Plate, Trail cr 122 
 
 Nightingale, Skylark C, Bound- 
 ary 162 
 
 Ninety-five, Methow 89 
 
 Ninety-two, Palmer mtn 100 
 
 Nip & Tuck, Cascade 66 
 
 Nip & Tuck gr., Methow 89 
 
 Nipissing gr. Trait cr... 128 
 
 Noble Five gr., Slocan 135 
 
 Nonpareil, SUverton 20 
 
 Nonpareil gr., Slocan 139 
 
 Nonsucn, Smith's C, Boundary.... 149 
 
 No. 1 gr., Alnsworth 143 
 
 No. 4, White's C, Boundary 154 
 
 No. 7 er., White's C, Boundary. . .154 
 
 No. 9, White's C, Boundary 154 
 
 Noonday, Slocan 140 
 
 Norfolk, White's C, Boundary... 154 
 
 Northern Belle, Trail cr 124 
 
 Northern Light, L<?aven worth...... 79 
 
 Sorth Pole gr., Negro cr 76 
 brth Star gr., Chelan 82 
 
 North Star, Long Lake C, Bound- 
 ary : 153 
 
 North Star, Methow 89 
 
 North 'Star, Okanogan 1 95 
 
 North Star, Swauk 70 
 
 Norway, Trail cr 123 
 
 Norwegian, Sliver cr 27 
 
 Nulla Secunda, Coast 161 
 
 Nutcracker, Coast 163 
 
 O. 
 
 O. & B., Monte Crlsto K 
 
 Occidental, Northport Hi 
 
 Ocean gr., Slocan 141 
 
 'Oceanic, Palmer mtn 104 
 
 Ocean Wave Methow » 
 
 Ohio, Leavenworth 79 
 
 Skanogan, Methow * 86 
 . K., Trail cr ....123 
 
 Page. 
 OKI Discovery, Slate cr 68 
 
 Old Dominion, Colvllle lU 
 
 Old England. C. McKlnney 1B7 
 
 Old Glory gr.. Slocan 141 
 
 Old Iron, Okanog.in 1 96 
 
 Old Ironsides, Greenwood C, 
 
 Boundary 161 
 
 Old Steve, North Kettle r 16« 
 
 Olga, Trail cr 12» 
 
 Olympla gr., Negro cr 72 
 
 Ontario, Negro cr 76 
 
 Ontario Hoy, North Kettle r 156 
 
 Ophir, Cedar r 48 
 
 Oregon City, Slocan .. 140 
 
 Oregon gr., Methow 89 
 
 Oregonlan gr., Twlsp 90 
 
 Orient gr., Twlsp 91 
 
 Oriole, Ceuar r 48 
 
 Oro DInoro, Summit C, Boundary.lS4 
 
 Oro FIno, Cedar Canyon 115 
 
 Oro FIno, Palmer mtn 104 
 
 Oro FIno, Silver cr 32 
 
 Oro, Wellington C, Boundary 158 
 
 Oro, White'-s C, Boundary 154 
 
 Orphan Boy gr.. Silver cr 27 
 
 Oriihan I!oy, Miller r 88 
 
 Orphan^ Girl, Miller r 38 
 
 Osiola, Methow 89 
 
 Outburst, Wellington C, Bound- 
 ary 163 
 
 Overlook, Methow 89 
 
 P. 
 
 P. & I., Monte Crlsto 14 
 
 Palmer gr., Leavenworth 7* 
 
 Palo Alto, Trail cr 127 
 
 Panic, Methow 86 
 
 Panorama, Okanogan 1 96 
 
 Parallel gr., Methow 88 
 
 Parallel, Methow 89 
 
 Paramatta, Copper C, Boundary.. 161 
 
 Parker gr.. Nelson 147 
 
 Parrot, Summit 46 
 
 Pathfinder, North Kettle r 156 
 
 Paul, Reservation 109 
 
 Paymaster, Methow 88 
 
 Paymaster, Money cr 89 
 
 Payne gr., <Slocan 188 
 
 Pelican, White Horse 61 
 
 Peshastln, Peshastln 71 
 
 Phllo gr., Monte Crlsto 14 
 
 Phoenix, Greenwood C. Bound- 
 ary 16S 
 
 Phoenix, Reservation 78 
 
 Phoenix, Slocan 141 
 
 Phoenix, Trail cr 128 
 
 Phyllis gr., Chelan SI 
 
 Pickwick gr.. Icicle 66 
 
 P. I. gr., Leavenworth 79 
 
 P.-I., Silver cr S3 
 
 Plngston, Reservation 110 
 
 Plata Fina, Cedar Canyon 115 
 
 Plata Rica, 'Cedar Canyon 115 
 
 Pointer, Salmon r 94 
 
 Poland China, Reservation 110 
 
 Polar Star, St. Helens 60 
 
 Poleplck, Peshastln 71 
 
 Polepick No. 2. Peshastln 71 
 
 Poodle Dog. Coast 106 
 
 Poorman gr.. Nelson .\ 146 
 
 Poorman, Trail cr 121 
 
 Porphyry gr.. Reservation 116 
 
 Portage, Coast 166 
 
 Portland gr.. Nelson 1« 
 
 Portland, Leavenworth 7» 
 
 Portland gr,, Twlsp 91 
 
 Potter Palmer gr., Graham's C, 
 
si MINING IN THE3 PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 ANNIE M. SANDS, 
 
 STENOGRAPHER and 
 TYPEWRITER. 
 
 MINIXG WORK A 
 Sl'ECIAL/rY. 
 
 Hotel Butler. 
 
 Tel. Main 202. 
 
 W. B3. McKee, Proprietor. 
 
 The Horse Shoe 
 
 SAMPLE ROOMS AND BILlJARaa 
 PARLOR, 
 
 81 1 Front St., bet. Jan»e» and 
 Cherry, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 M CAFE IX COXNKOTlO!>i. 
 
 1 handle no blended goods. All 
 whiskies sold by me .ire guaran- 
 teed to be unadulterated, strictly 
 pure and high proof. I sell no whls- 
 kleri unoer ueven years of age. 
 
 W. E. M'KEE. 
 
 U £. CL4RHE % C0», 
 
 Ro«ln?i"y «I«1Hm SpoUanet Wash. 
 
 Miners and Brokers. 
 
 We buy and develop, also buy 
 and .-;ell selected mineral claims. 
 
 Wherever we find ciainiw that em- 
 body LEAST COST AND LEAST 
 HAZARD, united with vast ore 
 bodies and greatest possibility of 
 reward. THERE WE OPERATIil, 
 after personal in.spection. We take 
 cur pa.tronf: with us on the ground 
 floor. Write us. Call upon us. 
 R. E. CLARKE & CO.. 
 Rookeiy Bldg., Spokane, Wash. 
 
 The Washtisitoiri 
 
 Is the oldest, largest and best min- 
 ing publication in Western Wash- 
 ington. Monthly, $1 a year. Send 
 for .sample copy. Editors and can- 
 va.ssers should write :>r clubbing 
 
 rates. 
 
 W. D. I'RATT, 
 Editor and Publisher, 
 114 Marion St.. Seattle. Wash. 
 
 VAN ANDA Cf>PPER and 
 bOLI) I'O iPANY 
 
 Cniiltal, ^m.OOO.OOO, in slinrca of 
 
 Jpl.OO each. 
 
 TreaMnry StoeU, $3,000,000. 
 
 Edward Blevett President. 
 
 C. S. Neeros Vice-President. 
 
 H. W. Treat Treasurer. 
 
 R. D. Hall Secretary. 
 
 Trustees— Edward Blewett, C. S. 
 Neeros, H. W. Treat, Hon. C. E. 
 Poc liv and Flenrv Saunders. 
 
 Offices— 108 La Salle St., Chicago; 
 613 Bailey Bldg., Seattle; Victoria 
 B. C. 
 
 F. C. Robertson, 
 
 m. 1 8. mmii 
 
 SPOKANE, WASH. 
 
 PraetHees In State and Fed- 
 era) CourtM. 
 
 MARIKITA mmH^.a COMPANY, 
 
 Evo)'<»tt, Wash. 
 
 OFFICERS— Francis A. White, 
 President, Everett, Wash.; Jame» 
 S. Mcllhany, Vice President, Ever- 
 ett. Wt'.sh.; E. P. Gardiner, Sec .•?- 
 tary, Everett, \V\tsh.; William a. 
 Swalwell, Treasurer, Everett, 
 Wash. Charles Hove, General Man- 
 ager, Everett, Wash. 
 
 TRU'STEEiS — Schuyler Duryee, 
 Charles Hove, S. S. Gardiner, Ev- 
 erett, Wash. 
 
 P. E. Thian, Consulting Engineer, 
 Everett, Wash. 
 
 Mines In Palmer Mountain MInlngf 
 Dlst^rict, Okanogan County, Wash. 
 
 F. A. White, President; W. Q. 
 
 Swalwell. Vice President and Treas- 
 urer; S. N. Baird, Secretary. 
 
 Pevefoiimef^t Co. 
 
 Everett, Wafh. 
 
 TTJU'STEES— F. A •''hite. W. G. 
 Swalwell. S. N. Baird, A. S. Taylor, 
 A. O. Kelly. 
 
 Furnish capital, develop m:ne«» 
 buy and sell mining properties. 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 xU 
 
 nas*i 
 
 ^ :. Page. 
 
 Boundary ., 155 
 
 P. P. Nickel, Negro cr 76 
 
 Pride of the Hills, Melhow 86 
 
 Pride of Index, Index 35 
 
 Pride of Mountains, Monte Crlsto. 13 
 Pride of the Valley, Cedar Can- 
 yon 11,5 
 
 Princess, Twisp 91 
 
 Prince gr., Cle-elum 62 
 
 Prince of Wales, Stehekln 84 
 
 Princeton, Cle-elum 66 
 
 Providence, Harrison 1 167 
 
 Providence, Providence C, Bound- 
 ary 150 
 
 Puget Sound, Thunder cr 59 
 
 Quadra gr.. Reservation 107 
 
 ■Queen Bee, Coast 166 
 
 Queen Bess gr., Slocan 134 
 
 Queen of the Hills, Cle-elum 63 
 
 Queen Victoria gr., Leavenworth,. 79 
 
 Qulen Sabe, Stehekln 83 
 
 QuietBch pi., Swauk 68 
 
 K. 
 
 Kalnbow gr., Palmer mtn 100 
 
 Rainier gr., Negro cr 76 
 
 Rainy, Monte Crlsto IS 
 
 Rambler, Okanogan 1 96 
 
 Rambler gr., Slocan 137 
 
 Rattler gr., Cedar Canyon 115 
 
 [Rattlesnake, Negro cr 76 
 
 Blaven gr., Coast 163 
 
 Raymond, Cholar. 82 
 
 Raymond, Reaervation 109 
 
 R. Bell, Summit C, Boundary 154 
 
 Red Buue gr., Negro cr 76 
 
 Red Cap gr., Ijeavenworth 78 
 
 Red Cloud gr., Silver cr 32 
 
 Red Cloud gr. Trail cr 129 
 
 Red Cloud, Negro cr 77 
 
 Red Eagle, Irail cr 127 
 
 Red Hill gr., I^avetiworth 78 
 
 Red Jacket, Palmor mtn 104 
 
 Red mtn.. Trail cr 122 
 
 Redonda Island, Coast 164 
 
 (Red Point. Trail cr 128 
 
 Red Pol", Trail cr 127 
 
 Red Rock, Skylark C, Boundary. 152 
 
 Red Shirt, Methow 85 
 
 Red Top gr., Northport HI 
 
 Red, Swauk 69 
 
 Reed. Slocan 139 
 
 R. E. Lee, Slocan 136 
 
 R. E. Lee gr., Trail cr 126 
 
 Remonille gr.. Silver or 29 
 
 Reno, Ml thow 08 
 
 Republican, Goaf 1 16 
 
 Republic gr., Slocan 141 
 
 Republic, Smith's C Boundary.... 14b 
 
 Rich Four gr.. Reservation 106 
 
 RichmoMd. .'Blocan 183 
 
 Reco gr., Slocan. 136 
 
 Riverside gr., Methow m 
 
 Rlverview gr., Palmer mtn 102 
 
 Robert Emmet, Long Lake C, 
 
 Boundary 153 
 
 Robertson, Slocan 139 
 
 Rock Creek pi., C. McKlnney I08 
 
 Rockefeller, Slate cr 58 
 
 Rocky Point, Cle-elum 82 
 
 Roderick Dhu, Long I.ake C, 
 
 Boundary 153 
 
 Romeo gr.. Miller r...... 37 
 
 Royal Canadian gr., Nelson 147 
 
 Ro.vtil, Cedar Canyon Ho 
 
 Pago. 
 
 Royal Flii'h, St. Helens BO 
 
 Ruby Cretk gr., Negro or 76 
 
 Ruby gr., Cle-elum 64 
 
 Ruby Hydraulic, SliUa cr 68 
 
 Ruby King, Cle-elum 63 
 
 J -^y King, Silver cr 33 
 
 ' 1' y, Salmon r 92 
 
 Ki!.->y Silver, Slocan 136 
 
 Ruby Sliver, Slocan 137 
 
 Ruby, Smith's C Boundary 150 
 
 Rush gr.. Palmer mtn 108 
 
 Rushing Water, Cle-elum 61 
 
 Ruth gr., Slocan Ul 
 
 Sacramento, Goat 1 16 
 
 Sacramento, Methow X9 
 
 Sacred Faith, Leavenworth 7» 
 
 Safe Deposit gr., Methow 86 
 
 Sailor Boy, C. McKlnney 157 
 
 Sailor Boy, Methow 88 
 
 Sailor Boy, Slehekin 84 
 
 St. Charles, Wellington C . Bound- 
 ary 158 
 
 St. Clair, Salmon r 93 
 
 St. Elmo Con., Trail cr 128 
 
 St. Elmo, Trail cr ..122 
 
 St. Helens gr., St. Helens bO 
 
 St. James, Wellington C, Bound- 
 ary IBS 
 
 St. John, Cle-elum 66 
 
 St. Louis, Silver cr 29 
 
 St. Louis, Silverton 20 
 
 St. Loui-s. Thunder cr 59 
 
 St. Patrick, Canead(* S« 
 
 St. Patrick, Methow 88 
 
 St. Paul, Trailer 127 
 
 Samson gr., St. Helen.'? ^ 
 
 Samson, Long Lake C Boundary. 158 
 
 San Bernardino, Slocan 149 
 
 San Francisco, Goat 1 16 
 
 San Francisco gr.. Palmer mtn. ...101 
 
 San Francisco, Money cr W 
 
 Sanfon' North Kettle r 166 
 
 Sanilac, Coast 16i 
 
 Santa Anna, Skylark C, Bound- 
 ary 162 
 
 Santa Maria, Slocan i;i8 
 
 Sapphlre-Oem, Slocan 187 
 
 Saratoga gr., Res«*rvatlon 107 
 
 Satellite, Palmer mtn 103 
 
 Saturjay Night, Cedar Canyon 115 
 
 Schlonian, White Horse Bl 
 
 Schulz &Chesney gr., Methow 89 
 
 Scotia, Reservation '..106 
 
 Scrambler, Okanogan 1 96 
 
 Searchlight gr., Reservation 107 
 
 Seattle, Cedar r 48 
 
 Seattle, Coast 161 
 
 Seattle, North Kettle r J5g 
 
 Se'lge gr.. Summit 46 
 
 Seventy-six, Monte Cri.sto 13 
 
 Shoudy pi.. Swauk 68 
 
 Sierra Madre, Trail cr 13» 
 
 Sigma, Silver cr 3S 
 
 Silent P'rlend, Long Lake C, 
 
 Boundary IBS 
 
 Silver Bell, Chelan 81 
 
 Stiver ncll. Harrison 1 167 
 
 Silver Bell, Slocan 134 
 
 Sliver Bear, Slocan 142 
 
 •;th'er Bluff fJ"- . H>i'»"on r 04 
 
 Silver Bow, Fairview 159 
 
 Silver Bow, Methow 8« 
 
 Silver Crown, Fairview 1B9 
 
 Silver Dump. Cle-elum 66 
 
 Sliver Pieml, Cle-elum 62 
 
Jli\i 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 ITS WKAVS X» 
 Aim HBa.iaCBI>B. 
 
 IT 19 IKBAS) BY 
 THOUSANDS 
 WKtiT AND BAST. 
 
 f.'.:. 
 
)■ •' ' 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIB^IC NORTHWEST. 
 
 xim 
 
 1?^ • 
 
 Page. 
 
 Bllver Glance, Alnaworth 144 
 
 eilver King, Chelan 81 
 
 Bilvfer King, Nelson 145 
 
 Bilver King. Skylark C, Bound- 
 ary 152 
 
 Bilver King, Slocan 141 
 
 Bilver Lake gr.. Silver cr 27 
 
 Silver Lalce, Silver cr 28 
 
 Bilver Queen, Egypt ....116 
 
 Bilver Queer;, Cedar Canyon 115 
 
 Bilver Que-in, Cle-eluifi 63 
 
 Bilver Queen, Nelson 14G 
 
 Bilver Queen, Okanogan 1 96 
 
 Silver Queen, Thunder cr 59 
 
 Silver Slipper, Silver cr 33 
 
 Silver -Tip, Coast 163 
 
 Sir JohUj Coast 161 
 
 Skylark, Skylark C, Boundary. ...151 
 
 Bityiine gr.. Ainsworth 113 
 
 Bkyline. Skylark C. Boundary. Ii2 
 
 Blocan Boy, Slocan 136 
 
 Blocan-Reclproclty, Slocan l:i6 
 
 Slocan Star gr. Slocan ViZ 
 
 Smith & McCalluni gr.. Coast 166 
 
 Smuggler & U. S.. Slocan 142 
 
 Smuggler, Fairview 159 
 
 Smuggler, Skylark. C. Boundary.. 15;{ 
 
 Bnowden, C. McKlnney 157 
 
 Snowflake, Pt^hastln 74 
 
 Bnowflake, St. Helens 50 
 
 Bnowshoe, Greenwood C, Bound- 
 ary 152 
 
 Sockless. Money cr 39 
 
 Soldier Boy gr.. Cascade 55 
 
 Solor.ion, Money cr ,. 39 
 
 Southern Cross gr., Trail cr..,.....126 
 
 Southern Belle, Trail cr 124 
 
 Sovereign, Slocan 136 
 
 Sparling, Reservation 109 
 
 Sphinx, Miner r 37 
 
 Spider. Miller r 38 
 
 BpoJtane, Leavenworth 79 
 
 Spoacane, Methow 89 
 
 SpcataTie gr, Palmer mtn 99 
 
 Btai, Okanogan 1 95 
 
 Standard, Cle-elum* 63 
 
 Btandard, Leaven wocth 79 
 
 Bt&ndard, Methow 8S 
 
 Standard, North' Kettle r 156 
 
 Standard gr.. Palmer mtn.j 100 
 
 Btar. Harrison 1 167 
 
 Star. Stahekln 83 
 
 Btar gr., Summit 45 
 
 Btdrlight gr.. Nelson 147 
 
 State gr., Negro cr.. 77 
 
 Stehekln gr.. Stehekin 84 
 
 Stella. Okanogan 1 96 
 
 Btemwinder, Cedar r 48 
 
 Btem winder. Fairview 159 
 
 Btemwinder. Greenwood C, 
 
 Boundary 152 
 
 Btemwinder. Trail cr 128 
 
 Stockton. Sllverton 20 
 
 Strawberry, North Kettle r 156 
 
 Strong gr., Skagit 54 
 
 Budloy gr.. Const 166 
 
 Sultan No. 1 and 2. Sultanv 25 
 
 Bummer Coor. Sllverton IS 
 
 Summit gr.. Colvilivj US 
 
 Summll, Pnlmer mtn..» WJ 
 
 Bummlt. Twisp »1 
 
 Biinday, Milter r 37 
 
 Biindnv MnrnlnK. Chetr.n . 8i 
 
 Sunday Morning, Cedar Canyon... 115 
 
 Bnnnyside gr,. Reservation i"* 
 
 BnnnvairtP, 3tPhekln «' 
 
 Butirt««, Kefemeos 159 
 
 (9) 
 
 Pass. 
 
 Sunrise, Wenatchee 71 
 
 Sunset, De^dwood C, Boundary.. Isl 
 
 Sunset, (ioat 1 •. 11^, 
 
 Sunset, KoromtoH l»t 
 
 Sunset, OUtenogan 1... W| 
 
 Sunset, Pesha.'stin 7f^ 
 
 Sunset Ncft- 2, Pe^lia«tln 74! 
 
 Sunset, Slcrcan 188# 
 
 Sunsei gr., Stehekln Wv 
 
 Sunset gr., Trail cr tW' 
 
 Surpri.sc. Coast !♦!»' 
 
 Surprise, Slocan Iw 
 
 Surprise, Trail cr 1^* 
 
 Sure Thing, Summit j*} 
 
 Susie, Fairview 1w 
 
 Sutherland pi., Swauk . •* 
 
 Swamp Angel, Summit C, BoOMd' 
 
 ary Inf. 
 
 Swan Lake gr.. Okanogan i .9i- 
 
 Svvayne & Halght gr., Cle-ehim W 
 
 Sweden & Norway, St. Helens 43 
 
 S winker gr.. Nelaon tISr 
 
 Syndicate gr., Reservation IW' 
 
 Syndicate gr.. Coast.. 161 
 
 T. 
 
 Tacoma, Mineral or tli 
 
 Tamarack, Gieenwood C, Bound- 
 ary t!3 
 
 Tappan gr.. Skagit M 
 
 TrU'lt. Ainswonh I* 
 
 T. & B., Skylark C. Boundary.... la 
 
 Tenne-ssee. Stchc-kin 81 
 
 Texa.-?, Provi.-lence C. Boundary.. iiJI 
 
 Texas gr.. Silver cr • 
 
 Thompsonj Summit 41 
 
 Thompson & Fiizgerald gr., Skagit 54 
 
 Thoriey, Coa«t 1«l 
 
 Thorp, Cle-elum W 
 
 Three Links, Twisp SIC 
 
 Three Sisters, Sllverton !& 
 
 Three Star,- Goat 1 If 
 
 Thulln gr.. Const 164 
 
 Tthhie. Wenfltrhee TL 
 
 Tiger gr., Stfeht-kln M 
 
 Tin Horn. Falrvhrw t59 
 
 Tiptop. Cle-elum ..-.^ 
 
 Tip Top No. 1, CJfr'eJum.ji 
 
 Tiptop. Coast 
 
 Tiptop, Pe.'^hnstin 74 
 
 Tohi«)ue, Mont^ Crtsto 14 
 
 Toledo gr.. St. Helens/ A 
 
 Topping. Clerchim V 
 
 Tornado, Miller r ■ 
 
 Toronto, Connt. 1<J 
 
 Tough Nut. Salmon r , II 
 
 Trade Dollar. Stiver cr 11 
 
 Trail hunter. Trail cr. IW 
 
 Tralee, Negrocr T) 
 
 Transv, 3l, St. Hflenn 1BD 
 
 Tren=!ir Box, Sllvrr or SB 
 
 Trpi irv gr.. Palmer mtn M6 
 
 Tril y, Slcylnrk C. Boundarr ^J^ 
 
 Trll;iy gr.. TrntI or IM 
 
 Trtune gr.. Mtlter r M 
 
 Triune gr.. Pnlmer mtn,. 59 
 
 Tuppdny gr., Methow H 
 
 Tunnel gr . Pnlmpr n fn % 
 
 Twff^ A .Johnson. Swiuk W 
 
 Twin gr.. Cle-elnm <t3 
 
 Tw'n Fnlti. fffof^'-V-tn «J 
 
 Twin Lakes. Miller r S| 
 
 Two Frlrndfi. RIoonn 140 
 
 Typo, Monte Cristo li 
 
 r. 
 
 Uncle Sam, Palmer mtn 101 
 
MttV 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 St»nufaotur«ra of All 
 Kinds of 
 
 liners' Clothing, 
 Heavy Wool Blankets, 
 Mackinaw Shirts and Undenrear. 
 
 III9FIISI Ave., seat, nsiL 
 
 Webster Brown, 
 
 t: Safe Deposit Building, Seattle. 
 
 leads and Mittiag Properties L^xaral«ed and Reported On. 
 
 Heferetices In Seattle, New York, Edinburgh and Glasgow. 
 
 TER WHEEL 
 
 AlforAs th* most efficient, economical and reliable power for mining and 
 •il athar purposes under any conditions as to head and water supply. 
 
 7.000 VVHKRI..S NOW nUlVMlVU. 
 
 FMI^TON WHEEI^S are operating almost without exception EVERT 
 IWNINO PliANT ON TMK PA* IKIC COAST where water la available for 
 
 r^w^r. NO OTHKR WTT.I. RE COVSIDERED where the advantagea of ttl« 
 ii:i,fON sre underatood and appr .^elated. 
 '^•tsloKues furnl.^hed on applicitlon. Address, statin? oondftlonis o( 
 
 •*'^^'*^*" PELTON WATER, WHEEl. OOHIPANY, 
 
 tB Main Street. San Pranclsco. CaL 
 
 — ———.—— — I —I »»»i~— 1^ 
 
 Albro Gardner... 
 
 : BWlliilSiRm 
 
 Seattle, Wash. 
 
 KESIDENCE NO. 2221 FIFTH 4V£Nm 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEaT. 
 
 XlT 
 
 Page. 
 
 Uncle Sam, Swauk 70 
 
 Undaunted. Silver cr 29 
 
 Uniforn. Miller r 37 
 
 Union. Coast 1()6 
 
 Union, Goal 1 16 
 
 Union and Dominion. Negrr cr... 75 
 
 United Empire. Slocan 140 
 
 United Workman, Cedar Canyon.. 116 
 Utica, Palmer mtn... 104 
 
 V. 
 
 Van Aiida, Coast 162 
 
 Vancouver, C. McKlnney 158 
 
 Vancouver, Coast 161 
 
 Vandalia, Money cr 40 
 
 Vandalia gr.. Silver cr 33 
 
 Vanguard gr„ Summit 46 
 
 Ventura gr.. Cascade 65 
 
 Verdin pi.. Swault 68 
 
 Victoria gr., C. McKinney 157 
 
 Victoria, Cedar r 48 
 
 Victoria, Coast 162 
 
 Victory Triumph, Trail cr 129 
 
 Vidette. Cle-elum 62 
 
 View. Trail cr 123 
 
 Vlnon. Trail cr 128 
 
 Viola. Stehekln 83 
 
 Virginia, Trail cr 121 
 
 Vitorla. Greenwood C, Boundary .153 
 
 Volcanic. North Kettle r 155 
 
 Volunteer gr.. Coast 16S 
 
 Von Pressentin. Skagit 54 
 
 Vulcaa gr., Coaat 162 
 
 w. 
 
 Wakefield gr.. Slocan 139 
 
 "WaH Street. Coast 161 
 
 Wall Street gr., Swauk 70 
 
 War EaKle. C. McKlnney 168 
 
 War Eagle gr.. Cle-elum 66 
 
 War Eagle. Greenwood C. Bound- 
 ary 162 
 
 War Eagle, Mlllpr r 38 
 
 War Ragle gr., Negro cr 75 
 
 War Eaele, Palmer mtn ^ 
 
 War Kagie. Trail cr iw 
 
 War Horse, Okanogan 1 96 
 
 Warrior. Okanogan 1 9* 
 
 Warsaw. Palmer mtn 102 
 
 Washington gr.. Methow 86 
 
 Washington, Slocan 137 
 
 WHMhinkTton. Twtsp 91 
 
 Waterfall, Ooat 1 1« 
 
 Waterfall, Mineral cr llj 
 
 Webster, SUver cr •■ 
 
 Pagvv 
 
 Wehe gr.. Palmer mtn 10' 
 
 Welcome gr.. Summit 4S 
 
 Wellington gr., Slocan ISS 
 
 Wellknown pr., Stehekln 84 
 
 Wellman. White Horse 61 
 
 Wenatchee. Reservation 110 
 
 Western Hill. Falrvlew 161 
 
 Weptland. Silver cr St 
 
 Westminster. Coast ICl ' 
 
 Westmount. Sloean 140 
 
 Whaleback. Silver cr 29 
 
 Whatcom. Slate cr S8 
 
 Whip-poor-will, Cle-ehim 6S 
 
 WhI.'skey Hill pr.. Palmer mtn.... 98 
 
 Whistler gr., Monte Cristo 14 
 
 Whiatler. Slate cr 68 
 
 White Rear, Trail cr 1S4 
 
 White Bear, Twisp n 
 
 White Elephant. Methow 89 
 
 White Gander. White Horse 61 
 
 White Glacier, Summit 4€ 
 
 Whit© Horse, Reservation 108 
 
 White Otter, Reservation 108 
 
 White Pine. Coast Jfi« 
 
 White Star, Cle-elum 62 
 
 White Swan. Sllverton 22 
 
 Whitewater gr., <=ilocan 138 
 
 Whittaker-York & Meagher p!., 
 
 Swauk , 88 
 
 Wideawake. Coast 181 
 
 Wildcat. Sllverton 28 
 
 Wild Goose. Slocan IS4 
 
 Wllmans, Monte Cristo 13 
 
 Willis & Everett, Thunder cr 69 
 
 WInlf'-ed, Okanogan 1 9S 
 
 Winnipeg, Ohelnn tt 
 
 Winnipeg, Wellington C, Bound- 
 ary 168 
 
 Wisconsin, St. Helens SO 
 
 WvMv^rlne. North Kettle r 161 
 
 Wonderful gr.. Slocan 138 
 
 WovxlIIne. Cedar r 47 
 
 Wooloo-Mooloo, Salmon r 93 
 
 Wyandotte gr., Palmer mtn 101 
 
 Y. 
 
 Taklma gr.. Slocan 184 
 
 Yankee Doodle, Peshastln 74 
 
 Yellow Jacket. Const 188 
 
 Yellow .Tacket. TwIsp 91 
 
 Yes or No. Methow 88 
 
 Young America, Colville 112 
 
 z. 
 
 Zllor, Trail cr 1* 
 
 l»f^ 
 
riXl ^^' MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 ■> >; 
 
 WASHINGTON^* 
 
 locorpoffltefl under itie Laws oi itie sioie oi MmMi 
 
 CAPITAL 
 
 $100,000 
 
 TRUSTEES; 
 
 Uanrlce McMlcken, President of the Flrcit IVatlonal BanSc, 
 
 B. W. AndreTvs, President of the Seattle National Bank. 
 
 Hon. J. P. Hoyt, I^ate Chief Justice of the Supreme Court* 
 
 Dr. W. A. Shannon, Physician. 
 
 John W. Pratt, of Pratt & Riddle, Attorney*! 
 
 Carroll C Rwnillntrs> of Nemr York. 
 
 ERNEST E. LING. Secrot^iry. 
 
 Mtnca and mining: eomipanles In-restlarate^ and reporteA 
 wpon CONFIiDE!NTIAI.I*T(. 
 
 Investors vvlll find this an ABi^OLVTEIIiV RI@I4IABI.Bi 
 means of ascertalnlnar the value of shares or claims. 
 
 Preliminary reports made npon RE:AS0NABUB: TBRSU^ 
 which can be aaoertalned In advance. 
 
 INQUIRIES ANSWERED. 
 
 Tke object of the RI3GISTRY is to protect Investors froxn tvlld- 
 •at seheniea and to promote the development of the legitimate 
 minlnff lntere»t« »i (be »itate of Woslilntrtos, territory «><f Alaska 
 and province of Britiiih I ulambia. 
 
 Oifices: 309~3!0-311 Bailey Building, Seattle, Wash. 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWKST xUa 
 
 We... 
 Recommend 
 
 THENOeTHERN 
 PACIFIC RAILWAY 
 
 ▲• the direct Un« from all K»8tem points, a« well a« from the Pacific CoMi^ 
 to. all the mining districts mentioned In this publication. The Spokar.*. 
 Kootenai mlnos, Colvllle Reservation, etc., are reached via Spokan« on tbt 
 Northern Paclfio. 
 
 Coming from the East to the Western Washington Mining Districts tak* 
 the Northern Pacific direct to Seattle or Tecoma, not only for Western Wash- 
 ington points but for the great Alaska MlHes on the Yukon, Cook Inlet and 
 Of recently discovered and rich Klondike placers. 
 
 Consult their agents, as shown below, and your passage will be arranged 
 to destination: 
 
 General and Special Agemts. 
 
 319 Broadway New York Cltjr 
 I^'ranclsno. Cal. 
 
 Tf, P. MERSHON, General Agent Pass'r Dept 
 
 T. K. STATELER, Gen. Agt. Pass. Dept....fi38 Market sit.. Sar 
 
 P. H. POGARTY, Gen. Agt .210 (after May 1— 208> S. Clark St., Chlc««» 
 
 H. awiNFORD, Gen. Agt Depot Building, Water st, Winnipeg, Man. 
 
 R. A. EVA. General Agent Duluth, Minn. 
 
 A. D. EDGAR, General Agetvt ,.,Cor. Main and Grand sts., Helena. Mont. 
 
 W. M. TUOHY, Generpl Agent 23 B. Broadway, Butte, Mont. 
 
 P. D. GIBBS, General Agent Spokane, Wa«h. 
 
 J. G. BOYD. General Agent Wrtllace. Idaho 
 
 k. TINLING, General Agent 925 Pacific ave., Tactoma, Wash. 
 
 I, A. NADF^AU, General Agpnt Seattle. Wash. 
 
 F. C. JACKSON, Assistant General Agei,f .: V/eni Superior, 'Wli. 
 
 H. GAZE & SONS, European Tourist As'ents ...142 I9trand, London, Eng. 
 
 P. A. GROSS 830 V/jshington St.. BoatfJH 
 
 J. H. ROGERS, JR 47 South Third St., Ph!ladell5hl» 
 
 L. L. BILLINGSTvEA 47 South Tlilrd St., Philadelphia 
 
 WILLIAM G. MASON 215 Eltfcott square, Buffalo 
 
 CHARLES E. JOHNSON 817 Carnegie Building. Pittsburg. Pa. 
 
 THOMAS HENRY 128 St. James fit., Montreal, Quebeo 
 
 W. H. WHITAKER 153 Jefferson ave., Detroit, Mich. 
 
 J. J. FERRY 32 Carew Building, Fifth and Vine sts., Cincinnati, O. 
 
 JOHN B. TURNER Jackson Place, Indianapolis 
 
 C Q LEMMON i'O rafter May 1—208) South Clark st., Chicago 
 
 P.' h' NOEL .Room 210 Commercial Bldg., cor. Sixth and Olivs^ Std., St. Louis 
 
 J. N ROBINSON 377 Broadway, Milwaukee, Wis. 
 
 O VANDBRBILT 603 Locust St., Des Moines, Ta. 
 
 GEORGE D. ROGERS ...^... .......St Paul Minn. 
 
 GEORGE W. McCASKEY ..S3 York st., ToJonto Ontario 
 
 P O'NEILL 266 Jftewlson St., Portland, Or. 
 
 b' L RAYBURN «* Morrison St.. Portland, Or. 
 
 kl L CRATG AsKi^tnrt Oerr-roi "^loVpt Au-ent St. Pniil. Minn. 
 
 B. n", AUSTIN, Assistant General Passenger Agent St. Paul. Minn. 
 
 A. D CHARLTON, Asslatani oeii.rai i^assenger \gent Portland, Ore. 
 
 J. M. HANNAFORD, 
 
 General TrafHc Manai.er, 
 
 CHAS. S FEE, 
 General Passenger and Ticket Agent, 
 
 8T. PAUL. MINN. 
 
.. .(< 
 
 xlvlll 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST, 
 
 $1.00 PER YEAR. 
 
 10 CENTS A COPY 
 
 MINING 
 
 JOUENAL OF THE NORTHWEST 
 MINING ASSOCIATION. 
 
 L. K. ARMSiRONG, Editor. 
 
 ePOKANB, WASHIIfOTOn. 
 
 nUS JVVKNAL !S THE f NLY . . . 
 
 
 \ 
 
 ONTHLY 
 
 INING 
 
 AGAZINE 
 
 .... PUBLISHED IN AMERICA. 
 
 rrs OWN OORiRKSPONDEIIVTS SUPPLY THE WETITS FROML EVBIIT v 
 
 Mining district in Washington, u>aho, Montana, orkgon 
 and british oolumbiia, ^vhich is thei greiatsat minino 
 
 riEUiD ON ELlLRTH. 
 
 ADVERTISERS 
 
 PROSPECTORS. ASSAYERS, 3IIIjL 
 MEN, SMEI/rERS, MI5TAI^l.lIR- 
 GISTS AND CITIZENS ARE ITS . . 
 
 SHOULD CONSULT THEIR OW^lf 
 INTERESTS BY ASKING FOB 
 RATES. THE LEADING MINERS, 
 
 SUBSCRIBERS 
 
 Oorreiipoitdeii«c* luid rsmlttances should be addreased to 
 
 L. K. ARMSTRONG, Spok«n«, W^Mh. 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWKST. 
 
 1 
 J 
 
 %/• 
 
 PRINTERS, 
 
 STATIONERS. 
 
 BOOKBINDERS 
 
 Spokane, - - Washington. 
 
 Hsadquarters for SupDlles for Mlnem ami MlnSql 
 
 Companies. 
 
 150 Stock Certificates ',*. flO M 
 
 WO Stock Certlflcatea 1« IIS 
 
 Corporate Seal 8 09 
 
 Stock Journal 2 t§ 
 
 Stock Ledger 2 Ot 
 
 Record or Minute Book f.... IN 
 
 Pay Rolls per dozen 9 
 
 Bock of 100 Time Checks 9 
 
 CB. C. Mining Bill ot Sale, doz S 
 
 B. C. Mining Deeds, doz ,.... V 
 
 American Min'iig Deeds, doz S 
 
 Bo. d for American Mining Deed, doz 9 
 
 Mining Books and Maps. 
 
 dough's Mining Code (cipher) I 2 Qt 
 
 Copp's American Mining Code SI 
 
 Copy's Pro.-fpector's Manual 9 
 
 Latest Mining Laws (B. C. and Wash.) 60 
 
 Mulkey's Guide to Gold Flf-Ids uO 
 
 Annual Report Minister of Mines (B. C, 1896) in 
 
 New Boundary Creek Map. bound 1 2B 
 
 Kootenay District Map, bound 1 M 
 
 East Kootenay Map, bound , 100 
 
 Colville Reservation Map, bound ; IM 
 
 fehaw-Borden Trail Creek Map, bound 1 M 
 
 Combined Trail Creek and Reservation 1 M 
 
 Meadows' Kaslo-Slocan Map, bound 1 «• 
 
 Kenwav'3 Trail Creek Map, bound 1 < 
 
 Bakker's Trail Creek Map (surveyed claims) I 
 
 Government Map of Kootenay District ««..... 
 
MININU IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWK8T. 
 
 '^ 
 
 i. 
 
 Filley 
 
 & Os:den's 
 
 Complete and Authentic 
 
 MINING LAWS 
 
 'WW 
 
 ^\ 
 
 ^ 
 
 -OP- 
 
 British Colniiibia, 
 Utiited States and 
 State of Washington, 
 
 Wltli E.eg«l Forms, Def lultlotts of Mining Tertns, 
 Custottts Duties, Etc. 
 
 M Pnc!or. Miner. loKesiof m Lawyer Siiouid HQife One. 
 
 PRICE, 50 CENTS. 
 
 Ask your newsdealer or wrl. to FILLEY & 
 OGDEN, Brokers and Real Estate, Grand Forks, 
 British Columbia. 
 
 %^^^' 
 
MININO IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 THE CITY OP R0SSLAN1>. 
 
 Four years ago It was a tract of wild mountain land, covered with p1n««, 
 Md a log cabin, built two years previously, was the first human habltallon. 
 This cabin was the home of the founder, Ross Thompson, whoae foresight and 
 •ndurance have been rewarded by the growth of a thriving, buslllng mining 
 aity of 7,000 people on the alto he selected. 
 
 The founder of Rosaland, Ross Thompson, Is yet a young man and has had 
 0fk experience similar to that of many another successful Western man. Com- 
 lOg west from Brant county, Ontario, during the construction of the Canaillan 
 Pacific Railroad, he had the usual ups and downs until. In 1890, he left Seattle 
 without a dollar and got a fresh start by working as foreman of Charles 
 CroBsman's sawmill at Bonner's Ferry. Moving to the embryo camp on Tral 
 Creek, he did his first work as a miner In the Centre Star Mine, under Mr. 
 Oliver Durant. Seeing the opportunity for a town to grow up under the 
 shadow of Red Mountain, he located a pre-emption claim of 320 acres and built 
 • cabin where the city now stands. 
 
 Two years later he obtained title to his claim, ,)lattPd It as a townslte and, 
 «(th the aid of all the men employed In the cp.irp, proceeded to build the 
 
 Clifton House, the llrHt hotol. 
 Among those who helped him 
 as carpenters was Bhillp As- 
 plnwall, who took In payment 
 of $40 wages a lot which he 
 could now aell for $.S.0<M) cash. 
 The town was at flr.st named 
 Thompson, but there being an- 
 other town of the same nam* 
 in British Columbia, the pres- 
 ent name of Rossland waa 
 Anally adopted. 
 
 Wagon roads were cut In 
 in 1891 to Trail Landing on tha 
 Columbia River and In 1H92 to 
 Northport, all communlcatloa 
 having prevloiiP'y been, bjr 
 trail. The population grew ta 
 about 300 In the summer of 
 1894, but not until December of 
 that yoar, when the great oro- 
 chute lii the War Eagle Mine 
 was sti-uck, did the people 
 make up their minds that the 
 camp would live. In 1894 John 
 B. Cook, Frederick Rltchlb, 
 EUlng Johnson and James An- 
 derson became Interested with 
 Mr. Thompson In the townslte 
 and a year later the Interests 
 
 were segregated. .^ , 
 
 By thi? spring of 1?95 the 
 population had grown to about 
 500 and from that time it In- 
 creased rapidly. Then regular 
 .shipments from the principal 
 mines began, dividends were 
 declared ny the Le Rol and 
 War Eagl<?, and population In- 
 creased faster than buildings 
 could be erected, so that In 
 Mr.rch, 1896, it was fully 3,000. 
 
 ROSS THOMPSOIC. 
 
 The 
 
 ..nnatmiptlon of the Columbia & Western Railroad to Trail was completed 
 taMarS&argi^reg^^^^^ 
 River & Red Mountal 
 kane Falls & Northe 
 
 ^'^^v^lL^i* -It^Tn^Art tn" -Robson where it will connect witii me Arrow j-.»kb 
 
 ». ^ilTi^'^ilmmtain lalTroad was c^m^^^ of the Sno- 
 
 oit-uii.c.o "^v^.^^j.------- ^^ ^ connection witn tne »janauiaii 
 
 through the Bo""«^5X„';;;i®® „ Lake This will make Rossland not only a 
 Pae ftc steamora on Otonogan Lake im^ railroad center. 
 
 mining center for the \'^'('_^^lf^^^'^^^^^^^ flSng oft the swaddling clothes 
 
 Rossland is now a i"'^ "^^^f'i^'^' iij^^^^^^ of civilization— rallroado, tele- 
 
 of a mining camP. «;"^ has all the resources or^c^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ 
 
 craphs. telephones chh banks ana nrstc_a ^^^ ^^ rigidly-enforced. 
 
 first been aii orderly town, for tne "^T^'^V^jTut deeds of violence are severely 
 All '■'-asonahe recreations can l^eenjo^^^^ ae|a^^ ^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^ 
 
 5SSSlc1«.<^.ntTn^-^ l!j%Sthe'^-l>ad*man with a gun" la promptly p^ 
 where he is harmless. 
 
IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
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 ■"US IJ^ 
 
 ■^ 1^ 1 2.2 
 
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 1.8 
 
 
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 1.6 
 
 
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 Photographic 
 
 Sciences 
 Corporation 
 
 23 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, NY. M580 
 
 (716) 872-4503 
 
7. ^^ 
 
 & 
 
 */. 
 
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 ^ 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWBST. 
 
 BANK OF. 
 
 British North America 
 
 'ineorporated by Ror*l Obarter. 
 
 Paid-Up Capital, - $4»866,666 
 Reserve Fund, - 1,338,333 
 
 LoBdwii Office i 3 Clements* Lane, Lombard Street, B. 0^ 
 
 kmentm In the United ■tatea. 
 
 Spokane: Traders' National Bank, and Old National Bank. New Tork 
 Wall street) W. Lawgbn and J. C. Welsh, Ban Francisco: (144 
 Street) H. M. J. McMichael and J. R. Ambrose. 
 
 Branches In principal citle* In Canada and Brlttah Oolaotblat 
 
 Rossland, Kaslo, Sandon, Trail. Vancouver and Victoria. 
 
 Through its head office In Ifondon, England, and lt« conneotlom Im tlM 
 Bast and Its branches through British Columbia, tbla bank offsn 
 faollltles for mining business. _ 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 im 
 
 k: 
 
 ft tlM 
 
 GOLD, SILVER, COPPER 
 
 Every character of ore la found In the rich mining dlstrloU mi the' Sauk 
 «Qd StUlaffuamish Rivers, penetrated hy 
 
 The Everett* 
 Monte Cristo Railway. 
 
 Thia to the only line to the flourishing mining camps of Oold Basin, Oordoa 
 CrMk. Martin Creek, Sllverion, Deer Creek, Goat I#ke and Monte Cristo. 
 
 It Is the scenic route of the Cascade range, traversing a section of countrr 
 nnrlvaled in beauty and the various sources of material wealth, an Ideal trip 
 tor •portsmcn, tourists and ouUng parties. The bracing mountain air, tta* 
 div«rsined and enchanting scenery, the cold sparkling streams flUed wltfc 
 tJTout and the hillsides covered with a rich heather and palatable berries, ope* 
 A new Held for summer pleasure unsurpassed In any lecallty. 
 
 Reduced rates to tourists and excursion partlee. _.. , - 
 
 For special Information, accommodations, etc., apply to nMtrMt Ie<w| 
 
 S. N. BAIRD, 
 
 Oen. Prt. and Paser. Agtn Everfttt, Wasli. 
 
MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 
 
 NOT A PROSPECT; 
 A FACT.. 
 
 H y©w mrt) lntere»ted In MlWIlfO 
 tk«rc !■ only one paper In the State 
 of Wa«l«Ui«tO(n that publlehee the 
 kind «t nei»e yon want. 
 
 I 1 
 
 It dOTOtea morr npaxie, 'Otaployo 
 
 more Bpecial writer* on the »reat 
 
 .mtntac tnd-UBtrjr of thio Beetlon 
 
 than any three dally paper* la tho 
 
 Paellle Noirthweat. '^ 
 
 Has More Vhmn Doubto tbe Circtttetlo* *df %itj 
 
 OthOi Dally Paper Itt-Washiagtoxi. Ad- 
 
 vartieers Kaow Tlila. 
 
 8UBSCKIPV10FI RAIlSi 
 
 Dally and «anday, ner »•*». •♦ tj* 
 Daily and Snnday, irtx luoniftB. . 4S«> 
 Dally a«d Sunday, -one yBmae. . . . 7.50 
 
 ■nnday «dltlon, one ^ear JOO 
 
 aanday and Weekly, <»« ye*r. . «J» 
 Weekly Bdlitlon, one year l.«0 
 
 ADDRESS • 
 
 PosMntelfl^encer, Seattle, Wash, 
 
 JfS. D. HOGE, a«., Mananer. 
 KBUffD FOB, aAMPLa ootnT. 
 
MINING IN THE PACIPIG NORTHWBWT. 
 
 WE PRIMTED THIS BOOK 
 
 Prlntino and 
 ino 6&. 
 
 DEXTER HQRTON BANK BUILDING, SEATTLE, WASH. 
 
 .^te^ 
 
 We Would Like to Print 
 
 ...For \^u. 
 
 •« 
 
 ' ' "" •■ *<^|jpf^ 
 
 Mining Stock Boolcs and High- 
 class Prospectuses our Specialty 
 
M 
 
 MINING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWBJ8T. 
 
 A. L. JOHNSON, 
 
 Assayer and Chemist, 
 
 SEATTLE, WASH. 
 
 114 YwMr W«T. 
 
 .*FV«^-^' 
 
 Occldeutet Bloolb 
 
 We Buy 6old 
 
 And Pay UtiUed Stateg 
 
 Wo have a Completa 
 
 Platit of FMrtt.accs.^JgS 
 Stneltiwff and Refitiiiig 
 Gold, 
 
 Jos. Mayer & Bros. 
 
 ■aaifadtvlit Jewelers, Dealers ta Dlaaeiids. 
 
 Watches, aecks. Jemlry and Jewelers* SnpftOMb 
 
 f 09 ItocKMid AT«««e, 
 tlS61i«rrjrBtrMt. 
 
 1 
 
 8BATT1 
 
-f 
 
 0k. 
 
 es 
 
 for 
 
 
y 
 
 w^^mi^pw-W^^ 
 
 mmmmmgm 
 
NOT A PROSPECT; 
 A FACT. 
 
 ir TOO are interested In MlNlWa 
 there In onl) one paper In tbt* .State 
 of Waablnston that pnbllaboa the 
 kind of ne'TTS you ivmnt. 
 
 l) 
 
 It deroten more »ita4*e, emplor* 
 more npeolal %rrlt<TM on the irreat 
 mining: indnatry of thin neffion 
 than any three dally paper* In (he 
 Pacific NorthTreat. 
 
 Has More Thmn Double the Circulation of Any 
 Other Daily Paper In WashluKton. Ad- 
 vertisers Know This. 
 
 SDBSCRIPTION RATCSi 
 
 Dallr and Sunday, per month, .f .75 
 Dally and Sunday, alx month*. . 4.00 
 Daily and Sunday, oae yeaar. . . . 7.SO 
 
 Sunday Bdltlon, one year 2.0O 
 
 Sunday and lireekly, one ye«Mr. . U.50 
 Weekly KdMlon, one year l.OO 
 
 ADDRESS 
 
 Post Intelligencer, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 JAS. D. HOOB, JR., J^iananer. 
 amfD FOR sAMPi'B oocrr. 
 
v'i >S > V!. 's. ^^SSSSSS'!. ^'> 'vS'v'iSSSSSVSS^SSSSSSSVMW®******* 
 
 *(<^ + 
 ^ • • 
 
 I 
 
 I:: 
 
 MM - 
 
 §:: 
 
 ^ > • 
 
 fi J. 
 
 I' M 1 M - ( ' I - M - 1I I - H l - l - l - II - M - M I M IMl - M M - M M - M - +++ 
 
 t\% 
 
 Sfl T 
 
 i 
 
 PAUL GASTON. 
 
 MOBSLANO. a C. 
 
 E.W.JOHNSTON. •• 
 
 • CArTLK. 
 
 -^ 
 
 "(: 
 
 51LVERTON 
 
 51 rUATED on ilie ^Everett & Monte Cristo Railroad, in 
 the center of the Stillagiiamish Mining District, is 
 the diflributing point for the Deer Creek. Silver Gulch, 
 Anacortes Gulch, Coal Creek, Wisconsin Gulch, Bender 
 Creek, Perry Creek and Martin Creek Mines, some of 
 which have become famous in the past few months — 
 namely, the Forty- live, Bonanza Queen, St. Louis, Helena 
 Group, New Seattle, and Independent, with a hundred of 
 others too numerous to name. I 
 
 Spokane and Rossland parties are directing their atten- 
 tion to this district, which iheir experts have told them will 
 rival Cripple Creek and I rail Creek districts in the next 
 few months. 
 
 1,-— »-{-♦ —I— .O^i^r*^-*-- ■*^'^ — • 
 
 SPECIAL INDUCEMENTS TO PARTIES SEEKING 
 ....BUSINESS LOCATIONS.... 
 
 Over 15 Bulldinjcs in Course of Construction Upon the •f 
 
 Property 
 
 .. O 
 
 
 For further information address 
 
 GASTON & JOHNSTON 
 
 MINING AGENTS 
 Sllverton - - . . Washington 
 
 Or H. S. TURNER, Room C, Bailey feldg, Seattle Agent 
 IM M - MM - M I ' M I I - M - I H « M ' M ' M"M ' M - MM ' M ' M ' M '' 1 - H ' 
 
 ^ ' I ' l ' IT ' l ' l ' l - l ' I ' l ' I ' l ' l ' l ' l i"i ' l ' fl ' l ' FI ' l"l ' iWl ' i - |"l * l ' i ' l"in ' 'lM"l ' l * ITI ' IMM ' S '