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 -*'1f. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE 
 
 LIVE STOCK BRANCH 
 
 OTTAWA 
 
 CANADA 
 
 Karakule Sheep 
 
 AND 
 
 Persian Lamb Fur Production 
 
 ft 
 
 i 
 
 Karaktile Ram. 
 
 PAMPHLET No. 15 
 SHEEP AND GOAT DIVISION 
 
 Published by authority of Hon T A Cr»pT u^^ 
 38704—] ^'*'"'^' »*'"i«t«r of Agri 
 
 icuituro, Ottawa, Ont. 
 
Til 
 -heep ; 
 native 
 has bet 
 which 
 ^ipparer 
 
BOMlVZOir DEPAmTMZVT OV AOmZOULTUKB. 
 
 Ohltf, Wimp and 0«at Dlvhim. 
 VAMTHLBT Ho. 15. 
 
 KARAKULE SHEEP AND PERSIAN LAMB FUR PRODUCTION. 
 
 By O. Eble O'BnxH. 
 
 »h« Ihiia^*^ ^t importation of Karakule sheep was brought into America with 
 
 P«£"l.mb %t^Z ""^'L "t"' ^ *•»*' "»>•» "^owSVtrtrade « 
 fiS hi? 'ten^!!'' „'i'^;f •*"''^'" ^T- .'^'' «"* importation consisted of 
 followed in 1918 .^ iQ,i^ -t T*' °*^" importations to the United SUtes 
 KaSSes were fm^ii i ""'^ ^^^ T"!* '}"' •^""'« »»«• ti™ '^^ «ty.fou^ 
 thtTral wkhX^' .^ "^["."ty °f ''hich were rams, the purpose being to mate 
 Sd StSt^tLt t>. 7? V "t'*," '\^- ^* *" '«"» *»»«• importations to the 
 inZltS^^^^lf'^.fr'i^r^^' "'r^'^Ji'^"* '" ^"•^« -«" obtained when 
 Island ThL foHowin^ ! flocks we^ established in Nova Scotia and Prince Edward 
 
 ar« between fiTrandShunZlJ^^i'v •?''/>»r»«- ^^ ^^e present time there 
 Karakule ra-SlVith « ttSe ClrJ-ji^'roi" ?""* ^^^''^ "^ --«"« 
 
 In C;nTdr«'rtL rniU sE^^T^*^^^^^^^ product from Karakule sheep. Both 
 "lied mostly from A."aJ?i^«"? " "^T ^"'^f'"^ '" *^" '"• '''>'«'' i« b""!? 
 sheep. This Kan^r^h TlT^ """J^l *'"' '"«*««'«'»' of thwe same Karakule 
 n few dav^ oM at tW ?u**"!l^ ^ ''"""•^ ^^^ y"""* ^""l^le l«mb when o,.ly 
 
 >.nt rather loose and v^ fr^n itraThln^'"^ r °°' Possess the regular tight curl, 
 These three classes of f^. P^^^^ian 2 taVtln '^T*^^ '^"^* "' '«*« '''»''"' 
 when taken from the TounrC™v!^^» J^ • ' I" ** ^'*"''^'"' »" '"^"""^^^ 
 "sunlly incIudTwith the abov^blrt * /'^ "' ^T'*'' " '""'^•' '^"^ ''^''<'^ » 
 very similar Tt^l A ♦ tu "^ ^ *"' *"*'*' """^'y- trimmer fur. This clasa is 
 
 Peninsula. So faV as is known „„.! *'^',?."*^^^ ^J"^^'^ »»inly in the Crimean 
 Karakules in Canada ' °^ *^" °^'"' "^ ^"' ^"^ »>««" P'o^^ce^ Hv the 
 
 The Origin of the Kanknle. 
 
on ■.li..-,.-l,r,,.linK. «m f «vli.>in 1,mv,. vi.it.,| nml ,tii.li..l il„. ,l„.,.|, i„ II..M..irH ,.r. 
 
 of th.->pmioM thiit th..rp i^ no wh.v ,.f knowiiw l."w Knr.ikul,., oriKiiiof-d. It i.'..ii.l 
 th.t thr fl™.|.. of KHrHkul.. Hi,...,. i„ Hoklu.r.. pn-.-ut ., „mtl,^- ,,i..tun. of di.t,„.l 
 «roui,» „f Ka-Hkul... hitAo. Ar..l.i. M.ir.,;, .,„d AfKhnu. «i(l. K.,rnkMl.. r.u. „r.. 
 Uoiiiiiuitiiitf 11... num.- Ar.il.i oft,.,, us., I i„ ,.o„,„.,.ti„„ „ith K„r.,kul,. .h.v,. con,. 
 r>ri«;« ono of tl,,.*,. ktouih., u„,i it in ,.rol..,l>|,. th„t th.. fou,i,latio„ of t|„. pr. <,„t fu, 
 iH-ariiiK ,1...... w..« fh.. ..nriy n.,tiv.. An.l.i. i„ ,.oi,j„„..tiou with tl,.. »n,<.ll l,l.„Hc |)„„u,l„r 
 
 «hei.p. now almoHt ..xtimt. Th,. K„r.,kul,. tnk.'s it, i,«n,.. fro„, Kur.,-kul (l.lH.k h.k. . 
 « viIluK." in th.. ,.„Ht..r., pnrf of tj,.. provi,,,-,. „f U.,kh„ra. al-.ut whi-h th.r,. ar,. laru- 
 flork« of th..«. .h....p. Ph.. „r,a of Ilokhara \n alu-ut s.-,,,hh» „|„ar.. .nil,... ,„„| th.. ,un. 
 
 H-r of »h....p i« ,*t„nat,.,l hi from .•!..mnmhn> to 4,(»IN,.(HMt. wl,i|,. th,. .,v..ratt,. oxp. rf „' 
 
 l«n,h.k„,. av,.ra«,.H alK.n. ;..VHMHK.. Th,. .kinn ar 11... t.-J i,v ,!..„!,.r, a„.l tr ■, 
 
 .....I P»..k,.,l into ImliH for .xiM.rt a„,i ar,- «,rt,,l a, r.li,,^ to .|ualitv an.l u„iforn.if> 
 
 ».v the .l..ali'r,.. 
 
 K.irakulf iwe and yijung Jamlt. 
 During nwnt y.-ars P,.r<iMn iM.ni, fur ha. h..,.o,„,. v,.,..v popuh,r, .ausing. « .U-.ul. 
 
 ._,ual.t.v .S..I1 at from *12 t„ *2(. ,.»,.!,. whil,. for th,. low..r ,|unliti... pri,.c,s ran^.. lr„n 
 ... rvnts to ifU It .s SM..I that tlx. «v..ra,L',. wl,oh..aU. pri,.,. of all ^k,ns sol.l at \\v 
 Aovgor,,,! ,„ Ku.su, th. ,. .ntr,. f„r tia. .al,. . f IJ:,l<ha,-a .kins), in I'.i]:; w:,. *.i.o.-. 
 Iho turm Karakul.. «p,.]ied to this hreed is us.hI in « ^^.,„.ral M.ns... -i .. i, h 
 ttlroady hoc, n,,t,.d that thm- ur,. a nun,h..r of >:roups n.akin^^ up th,. l,r,-...| i„ ,1„ , 
 nat.ye hon.,- H,,khara. Fhos,. .h,.,.p, how..v,.r, that hav. h,^.,, hrouRht into Ci,,,;,.! , 
 toRethrr with th,.,r ,lc^,...n,lants ,.onform v,.ry w,.!l to a distir.ot typ... an.l n,„v i> 
 dosor.bod as follows: ' Tln-y an- n„.diun, siz,.. with hlar-k fa.-,, and Ic^. Tho wo,',! : 
 maturity ,s ^^rey and v,.ry lonjr a„,l .-oars... At Kirth th.. lamhs an- almost invnri.i 
 black. w,tl, ,.. t,^htly-..url,..l fur. whi..h is th,. .I.sirahl,. f,.atnr,.: as voarii,,.- ■ 
 «ool ,s st.ll 1,1a..-.. l,u, w,th Irownish tint. th,. following y,.ar tnr„i„,. to shad,.s of .„ 
 I he rams hav.^ la,',.,, horns ..urvinjf outw.,r.l>. whil.> th.. ..«•..< ar,. p..ll,.d althouRh 
 
hn.ej.thr ..tt.r .rr ul«, horned. Th.. fm-,. :» „urr„w. tl,.- .-v.. full »...| hrmht. ,.,,„. 
 <\rruM\y Roman, tho vnr* *m,x\\ .liwi iH.n.l..l..u.. t!..,.. hi.t t«o f,.«tur... h,.inK vrrv 
 
 rln.rm-trn.t.c of th- K„rBk Th,. .•„„form..ti..,. of th.. Kurukuh- .l.«. , ^rv.. 
 
 "'" '"'; "'"";'!' I'"'!--''*, th,. hH,.k Jm-Imk niirrow „ith H..i .i.h.. ..n.l th,. r..,n,, .Ir.mp- 
 M,«. Ihp tuti i» th.- mo«t .lUtin.tivo rhnrH..t..ri.ti... un.l U ,l....rih,sl ... " hr..,.d.ti.iU..r' 
 It I...I.W v.-ry hnrnd ,„.xf th- Ih«1,. ,H.rh,„m ..ight to t.-,. iu-'h..- thi.-k un.t ..InMit thr 
 -mil,' h'l.flrth. ui.i.iilly iiidimr ii, ,, »hiir|i ■ i.rv... 
 
 I.. m«kinK MhM.ii....^ if ,hn,.l,i Ih. i,. ,,l th..t Hm. w,.,| i,. th.- H...-,. in v, rv obj... 
 fwMuhh.. «hil.. (h<. hair .>n tlu- t; ni..l h-w, -houhl b.. H\'>»*y hUu-k. 
 
 Climatio Condition!. 
 
 Th.. Kunikule in it.* imtiv,. honif. link hum, tuiiM withht.in.l ...xtr.ni.. t.n.iMratur.... 
 
 . .»! vory dry ......sonH. -.,„.,. (h,. .ii.,rt wi.it.rs th.r.. i.rc v..ry «.v.r... whil.. (1... ..........rs 
 
 -r. v.ry w,.tra with f ..|,....,t ,„.id .torn... Th.- ^ruxin^ ....ndition* of ih,s. ,!„.,.,, 
 
 ,.n ..Uo H..I.I to ho rathor unf,.vour..bh., a* it i« only in th.. >.prii.w of th.. v....r that th.. 
 
 |i.i,tur..» aro ..ov.r.Kl with |fr...Mi v..Ki.tatioi.. At thi' ..X|.irati..n of this short i«.rio,l. 
 In-tiiiK from th,. nii.hlh' of Mar.-h until May. th.. uruss l«vins to dry up v.ry .|ui«.k1y 
 with only Miinll i.at.htM «f vogi-tation ri-niainiiiK h-r,. an.l thirc. Th.. sh..,-,, n.'t 
 
 ''■■-^^J^'l^'^v'?^.^--'^. 7 . 
 
 tiir 
 
 n-iiit 
 
 Of . 
 
 will! 
 
 Kiir; 
 
 (ir.v 
 
 with 
 
 »"iil 
 
 nii-i 
 
 llitin 
 
 ticul: 
 •tiif.i 
 far I 
 lii.i 
 fat III 
 
 Karakule laml>!<. hcirn In Canaila. 
 
 ii«h the summor som. '.ow and ..ontinu,. to work hard for th.ir living dnrmi- 
 vr, siiK-t. only in rcrpiit yours hav,. owners niado any provisi.ni f..f wint.r fi.^i 
 
 ni.rso thor,. aro ofton h.N.vy loss,.s of sh.-op duo to tho oold oliniati ...diti.,, 
 
 rr and to tho In.-k of suffi<.iont food, hut it must h, nolud.-d that natiimllv 
 
 .knio shiH.p IS a vory hardy a.iiinal al.l,. to withstand oxtron... t..n.p..rMtur, - „.. 
 -nis„ns. furth.'r. tho housing of sh.vp is not pra<.tis..,l in Hokhan,. I,, fa,-. 
 tho -ustomury nn^frations „f tho flo,.ks who,, out in soar..h of fn-sh pastur,. it 
 ho alir.ost imiK.ss.hlo t,. i.rovido any hut natural sh<.ltors. P'or th,. su,.,.o,-f..l 
 '■-' of Karakulo sho,.p it is no,.ossary to pay oonsid,.rahl.. att,...ition to tiio co.i- 
 .yj.idor wh.oh for oot.turios thoy hav,. h»-u roarod i.i othor ro..ntri,.s and par 
 ir y ,s th.s tr,.o whon <.ha.,pinjr from a dry to a wot olimato. Alrradv it has boon 
 I that tho ol.mnto of R„khan. is oxc^otlingly dry and ott,... tho flooks must trav.l 
 tl soaroh of ,.ntor. Tt should, how,n-,.r. ho ,«,i„t,.d o..t that tho s,.m,. wator. th,. 
 
 , Tk i! ""'r^." '"'f" «"•« "^ tho Kha.iito i„to .1 ,h.,.J stoppo. bo..onu-« 
 
 to tho sheep when it is over abundant. 
 
Ravinff bceom* ■cmMtointd throuRh a leriai of fanarationa to auch a dry olim«t» 
 thay raaet ttrontly when lippliMl with an abundanea of water. It wonld appaar thu- 
 thia would aeocunt for mbm of the dliJculty which Saa bean «xparianead with tin 
 foeka of Kara: ub i.luop in Einte n Canada, and one wlnVh, when rcaliaed, should b<- 
 rary aaay to oTercome, in that ^ry paaturca are obuinable and water may be fiTen u 
 Men it. Naturally a chance of food in itaelf alio afleeU the condition of theae thftp 
 The habitual feeding on the dry pMtures in Aaia also aplaina the fact that Ksrs- 
 knlea, when transported to other countries, will seek the hichest and dryeat plaow 
 for feeling rnthrr than damp or swampy land. They will, howerer, adapt themirlvn 
 to a change nf food rather quickly and readily, while with an abundance of moiaturr 
 there is a tendency that the sheep will not thrire well. 
 
 One hslf-blood Karaku!e lamb from KarskuU-LlncoIn cross. 
 
 Attention in Other Conntriei. 
 
 During recent years much attention has been given by breeders in other coui\tries 
 to these fur-producing Karakule sheep and a fair number of sheep have, with much 
 difficulty, been brought out of Bokhara, thus showing that it is generally believed 
 that the production of Persian lamb fur is both profitable and possible in other lands 
 besides Russian TurkesUn. The industry is certainly profitable to the nativ. s of 
 Bokhara and it ia claimed that the fear of outside competition in the world's w: rkcts 
 for Persian lamb is the reason why such rigid restrictions are placed on the • xport 
 of Karakules. Regardless, howcTer, of these restrictions considerable numbers ha« 
 been brought into other '•ountries. It has been estimated that during the years 1907 
 to 1910 there were sent into Asiatic Russia 6,307 head, to Russia 1,673 h< .1, to 
 western countries 882, a total of 8,862 or on an average for each year of 1,67T head 
 to Asiatic Russia, 418 to Russia and 261 to the west. Xarakule flecks have ols been 
 established in Scotland, British South Africa, Canada, United Statek, Arg. itini. 
 Germany, Austria and Hungary. 
 
 There is little infomation as yet on record pertaining to results obtained from 
 the sheep in these couriries, except that very satisfactory skins have been proiluMd, 
 not only from the Kprakules themselves, but also from the crossing of Karakule rams 
 
with British biig-wooliHi »heep. such ai the Lincoln, Cotfiwi.UI. Uici.tir. and Iliuh- 
 land Bk-k Faoud. Up to tlie pr.'tfiit th« work hw li^n Urfely th« uaturn of an 
 upariir nt, io an endoTour to datarmiua thoa« breed* ( ihoep that ;rill xt-'e beat 
 rctttlU whan oroaaad with Karakulea, to breed up tta dard flocki, i a.<r<ing tru* to 
 type, with the inherent character of producing fairly uniform J'eri-' ..• 'mub. 
 
 Prodw tiMi and Taltu of Skiu. 
 
 Th« flnt aim of the breeders of Karakule sheep in Canada i« the succettfu! pro- 
 duction of fint quality I'enian lambskins, working tuwarda this end by c-ossing 
 Karakule rams • ith such breeds as th«' Lin.-oln, Cotuwold and LcircBtcr. It was at 
 first thought f' su;h crosaea would produce some of the best lanibskitis, but it has 
 iinoe been pr r that the more Karakule blood there i.- in the ram. the more Talue 
 there ia to th- .in from a fur standpoint. Hr-o-c;, by crossing the Karakule with 
 our long-wool .hite sheep it may be possible " ew yea;-s to breed up ewes that will, 
 when bred with Karakule rams, gire birth ♦. . i . ., the skins of which are very satis- 
 factory when placed on the market. 
 
 / 
 
 1 
 
 Partlaii Lamb produced rrom Karakule-Llneoln croucs. 
 
 In work carried on with Karakule sheep in Nova Scotia, Karaku'o rams were 
 crossed with Lincoln, C tswold and Leicester ewes, with the result that all the lambs 
 were black and had, to a greater or leos ejtent, the desired curl. The skins of the 
 spring lambs that died at birth or a few days after, were removed and sent to a 
 prorainent Canadian fur-house for dyeing, and to have values affixed. These skins 
 sccording to the values placed upon them, ranged in price from r) cents to $4.60. 
 Ihe foUowing year twen^-six skins were sent to the same firm a I values of these 
 raiiKed from 76 cents to $6, or an average of about $4 each, wholesa' A valuable asset 
 to the Karr .ale industry is that of being able to realize fair monetary returns from 
 isnibs lost at birth, since the skins can be removed and sold. 
 
 Skins produced by crossing with the tliree breeds I incoiii, Cotswold and Leicester 
 •waned to have little difference in the average qualities, which would go to show that 
 m one of these bre.ds is as suitable ps the other for crossing with the Karakule 
 
liL. 
 
 Ihe seoond cross, between the half-blood Knrakule ewe. and Korakule rams produoo, 
 a better quality and more valuable skin, and it is reawmable to exiw that a Hoek of 
 ewes well grad«l up w.th Karakule bWd, will produee marketable skins. An Ameriea„ 
 
 «.th L.ncoln ewes Twenty skins from lambs of half and three-quarter Karakule 
 blood were valued by a Xew York firm at an average of U.2o. one bein^ valued at «7 
 
 ambs that d ed at birth or could not be reared. This lot averaged $;i.25 each on the 
 bas.s o the m, market, fiv^ of the lot bein^ each worth «5 or^.ver all thrle bel': 
 im. «ver:;ii"';;;.re!r;h^ '^"'" *"^ --'-' --- -■»'«• - -•- ^-" =<> cents to 
 
 Cr„sses with iwrs of the medium or fine-wooled breeds have produced unsnti.- 
 fac ory n^lts. In ex.H-riments carried on in the l-nited States, cVoss"rKarak le 
 rams on Mer.no and Shropshire ewes, inferior skins were produced matted ackf 
 lustre .mivrfcct ,.url. and valueless from a fur standpoint. ' 
 
 Half-blood Karakulo rams when cross.-d with the lon^-wooled breeds will not 
 produce sk.ns with .,ny value for fur pur,.,ses, although the lambs nearlv alw"y wi 
 
 a r'Tf .;»•;""'■' TT'" ""'T^^'" '""^•'''•"«' i^'"-''"''- -"• <-""i<i '•.' -o^ wi 
 
 w ler, i ' t " ,*^■"7'^^"'• P'odu-tion is in imparting Karakul., blood to the fl, k 
 «herc It .s the ultimate intention to use full-blooded rams. 
 
 Removal and Treatment of Skim. 
 
 n uJ'i" "!'!"'"*'"• J:*^* ^^'"^ ♦•>'• >■"»"" '«"'•>« must be killed at least before they ore 
 
 " w.ck old. Only tr.m. experience can one know the best time to take the skin t„r 
 
 .on... cases he curl will unprove during the first two or thr.* days while in othc. 
 
 he sku, >s at Its best shonl, after birth. In prematurdy-born Inmks, th.. skin ha.', 
 
 i t'^Lw *;> :""f, ■■'"'""" T" k' ''"-^ "•'• ''""^"''^' ^'"^■'- " ^"'"'' '"-'^•'' *'"■» """ "o ■ 
 sKin tiiken (roiii the young Iamb. 
 
 dow,!'ll,'"r'-'i""' ''T '"J"^''* "'*'"• « ■^♦''>'^'l't '"'f' '^t'ouW »«e cut down the bellv and 
 dou , the „Mdc of the lc,rs to meet the centre line. Xo part of the skin is cut .,tf 
 
 X."'lr "".'T'' "T"' ""'JJ'"';" *'"' t'". "'akinK no unnecessary cuts. The sk^," 
 IS then stretched evenly on a board with the fur si.le down, in a cool place thor u^h v 
 drie.1 and shipped without salting, care beinir taken not to crack the skin. 
 
 For Wool and Mutton. 
 
 Th,> wool of the Karakule and its .-rosses varies in colour from light grev to bla.k 
 d..pendei,t upon the age of the sheep, is long an.l coars.- and would be classed J 
 cnrpet wool. The t|,.,H.o is naturally very dry and light in shrinkage 
 
 Ibc general contorination of the Karakule does not Inul itself rcadilv to mutt,,,, 
 purposes although the texture of the nuitton i- very tin,, and of go,^l £vou T 
 
 ambs nr<. quuk maturing and ,ip to three months of age will average higher i"i vcig 
 .h,n, the nui ton sheep; after that age, howev.-r, they do not seenf to do s^wd ^, 3 
 grow much less rapully. As already poinf^d ont, ,1,.. first aim in raising Karak„lu 
 sl,c,.p IS the production of marketable fur, and under or.linary conditions of feed ,„.d 
 .nanagcnient ,t would not be advisable to „se Karakules in ..rossing with t he mut ,, 
 
 .rc,.ds tor mutton purposes. 0„ the range, or in parts subje.. t<f extr'ne tern"" : ' 
 ttires and dry chmates. the use of Karakul,, bloo.l may prov,. „{ advantage in in. „„t- 
 ,ng h.,r.I,.,..s to the mutton rto,.ks. Wh..re the mortality o, lambs at bir i v rv 
 ugh. the nse of Karakule rams might be su....essful in that the skins of su.-l Ian, . 
 would be of son,,, value especially after the first f,.w cro.<s,.s 
 
 t,.U Jl'" '''"'■"''"''^ ","^"«*V '" <'"""'^" "-^ >■'■* i^ ""!>■ '" Hie 'experimental stage. JIi<. 
 takes have b,...n inad,. and doubtless will be made, but from results alreadv ol t.^in, ,1 
 in he production of coinnier,.ial f,ir th.r,. s.vins to be no good reason why Por