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I. Notice* of th0 localities of the Deroniau Plants. 1. State of New York. 3. Canada. 2. Maine. 4. New Brunswick. n. Descriptions of the species. Angiospermous Dicotyledon. Lyoopodiaoetp. Exogenous Oymnosperms. Coniferse. Filices. Sigillaris. In • Quart. Journ. QeoL Soe. toL xt. p. 477. t YoL vii. May 1861. EURATA ET COBRIOENDA. rw Ptgo 296-329 tool»««. A debj to *• '^jnSS'r'J°ooS«*"^^ 309, line 26, /or °»^°***^^^ .necimen read spedmeni. tin line 4 from bottom, /or ■P«';jL"*'" V '^ ** S li» for «»«"" -»* *'"^:i " (See also the Appendix.) [PwTM xn.-xvii.] CONTCNTS. I. Notices of the localitieB of the DeTonian Plants. 1. State of New York. 2. Maine. II. Desoriptions of the speoiee. Angiospermous Dicotyledon. Exogenous G^ymnospenns. Conifers. Sinllaris. CuamitegB. AsterophyllitesB. 3. Canada. 4. New Brunswick. Acrogenous (^yptogams. LycopodiaiDeiP. Znlioes. InoertiB sedis. AlgJB. III. Conclusion. The existence of several species of land-plants in the Devonian rocks of New York and Pennsylvania was ascertained many years ago by the Geological Surveys of those States, and several of those plants have been described and figured in their Reports*. In Canada Sir W. E. Logan had ascertained, as early as 1843, the presence of an abundant, though apparently monotonous and simple, flora in the * Hall and Vanuxem, Reports on the Gteology of New York ; Rogers, Report on Penni^lTania. DAWSOK — DSVONIAK PLANT!. 297 Devonian strata of Gasp^ ; but it waa not until 1859 that these plants were described by the author in the * Proceedings ' of this Society*. More recently Messrs. Matthew and Hartt, two young geologists of St. John, New Brunswick, have found a rich jmd interest- ing flora in the semi-metamorphic beds in the vicinity of that city, in which a few fossil plants had previously been observed by Dr. Gesner, Dr. Hobb, and Mr. Bennett of St. John ; but they had not been figured or described. These plants, however, I described in the 'Canadian Naturalist 'f, together with some additional species, of the same age, found at Ferry, in the State of Maine, and preserved in the collection of the Natural History Society of Portland. The whole of the plants thus described I summed up in the paper last mentioned as consisting of 21 species, belonging to 16 genera, ex- clusive of genera like Stembergia and Lepidoatrobtu, which represent parts of plants only. In the past summer I visited St. John ; and, in company with Messrs. Matthew and Hartt, explored the localities of the plants previously discovered, and examined the large collections which hal been formed by those gentlemen since the publication of my previous paper. The material thus obtained proving unexpectedly copious and interesting, I was desirous of having opportunities of fuller comparison with the Devonian Flora of New York State ; and, on application to Prof. Hall, that gentleman, with consent of the Regents of the Univeisity of New York, kindly placed in my hands the whole of his collections, embracing many new and remarkable forms. Prof. C. H. Hitchcock, State-geologist of Maine, had in the meantime further explored the deposits at Perry, and has com- municated to me three new species discovered by him. The whole of these collections, amounting in all to more than sixty species, constitute an addition to the Devonian Flora equal in importcmce to all the plants previously obtained from rocks of this ago, and establish for some of the species a very extensive distribution both geologically and geographically ; they allow, also, moro satisfactory comparisons than were heretofore practicable to be instituted between the Devo- nian Flora and that of the Carbonifero">. Period. I shall first shortly notice the geolo^i:. I character of the localities, with lists of the fosols found in each, a&.l shall then proceed to de- scribe the new species. I. Notices of the Localities of the Devonian Plants. 1. State of New York. — The geology of this State has been so fully illustrated by Prof. Hall and his colleagues, and the parallelism of its formations with those of Europe has been so extensively made known by Murchison and others, that it is only necessary for me to state that the fossils entrusted to me by Prof. Hell range from the Marcellus Shale to the Catskill group inclusive, and thus belong to the Middle and Upper Devonian of British geologists. The plants are distributed in the subdivisions of these groups as follows : — • Quart. Journ. QeoL Soc. toL xt. p. 477. t VoL Wi. May 1861, PBocnDiiies or thi obolooical socivty. [^<^y 7» Uppbb Devohian. Catskill Oroup. Aporoxflon. SigilUiu SimplioitM, Vantueetn. Lepidodendron OMpunum, Iktwton. Fiuophjton prinoept, Dawton. Crolopteru Jaokioni, Dawton. Rnachioptorit punotaU, Bp. nor. oyclopteroidea, ip. nov. Chemung Oroup. SigilUuia Yanuxemii, Oappert. Syringodendron graoile, sp. nor. SUgnuuria eiiguA, sp. nov. Lepidodendron Ohemungenw, Hall. oorrugatom, Dawmm. Lyoopoditee Yanuxemii, sp. nor. Cyclopteris Halliana, Oappert, Psilophyton princopa, Dawson. Aoanthophyton spinoium, sp. nov. Rbaohiopterii itnata, sp. noT. Middle Bevoniak. Hamilton Oroup. Syringoxylon mirabile, sp. nor. Dadoxylon Hallii, sp. nor. Aporox^lon. Si^:illana. DidymophyUuin renifonne, tp. noT. Calamitea TranritioniB(?), Gctppert. ■ inomatuB, sp. noT. Gas ' oorrugatum Lepidodendron ^aapianum, Dawton. I, Dttwt vton. Psilophyton prinoeoa, Dawton. Cordaitea Roobii (r), Dawton. , sp. nov. angustifolia, Dawton. Crolopteris incerta, sp. nor. Roaoniopteris striata, sp. noT. — — tonuistriata, sp. nor. pinnata, sp. nov. 2. Maine. — The only locality in this State that has hitherto afforded fossil plants is Perry, near Eastport, in the eastern part of the State. The plant-bearing rocks are grey sandstones, resembling those of Gaspe, and associated with red conglomerate and trappean or tufaceous rocks, which, according to the recent observations of Prof. C. H. Hitchcock*, rest unconformably on shales or slates hold- ing Upper Silurian fossils f. I have little doubt that these beds at Perry are a continuation of part of the series observed at St. John, New Brunswick ; and it is probable that they are Upper Devonian. The following species occur at this place : — Lepidodendron Oaspianum, Dawton. Lepidoetrobus Richardsonii, Dawton. fflobosus, Dawton. Psilophyton prinoeps, Dawton. Leptophlceum rhorabicum, sp. nov. M^gaphyton? Aporoxylon ? Cydoptoris Jaoksoni, Dawton. jBrownii, sp. nov. Sphenopteris Hitohoockiana, sp. nov. 3. Canada. — Devonian beds holding fossil plants occur in Eastern Canada, in Oaspe, and in Western Canada, at Kettle Point, Lake Huron. At the former place there is an extensive series of sand- stones and shales, regarded by Sir W. E. Logan as representing the whole of the Devonian series, and containing plants throughout, but * Report on the Gtoologioal Surrey of Maine, now in the prew. t See also notices by Dv. Jackson and Prof. Rogers in the ' Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History.' 1862.] BAWBOir — DITONIAH PLAlin. 909 more abundantly in its central portion*. At the latter a few plants have been found in shales of Upper Devonian age. The plants found at Gusp^ were described in my former paper, and are — Prutotaxit«s Logani, Dawton. Lepidudendron Oaspianum, Dawton. Psilophyton prinoeps, Lawton. Piilophjton robtutiiu, Dawmm. Selafftnites formoaus, Dawaon. Coraaitea anguatifolia, Dawaon. The plants from Kettle Point, noticed with doubt in my former paper, I may now refer to the following species : — Sagenaria VelthoimiaiiA, Omppert. CaUunitea inomatua, ap. nor. 4. New Brutiiwick. — The rocks] in the vicinity of the city of St. John, constituting a port of the coast metamorphic series of New Brunswick, have been described in the official reports of Dr. Gesner and Dr. Bobbf; and additional facts respecting their strati- graphical relations, ascertained by Mr. Matthew, were stated in my paper in the ' Canadian Naturalist,' already referred to. The new interest attached to these beds, in consequence of the discovery of their copious fossil flora, induced me to re-examine all the sections, in company with Mr. Matthew, during my late visit ; and that gentleman has recently extended the limits of our observations east- ward in the direction of Mispec. The results of these observations I shall state in some detail, as the precise age of the St. John series has not until now been determined. The oldest rocks seen in the vicinity of St. John are the so-called syenites and altered slates in the ridges between the city and the Kennebeckasis River. These rocks are in great part gneissose, and are no doubt altered sediments, lliey are usually of greenish colours ; and in places they contain bandis of dark slate and reddish felsite, as well as of grey quartzite. In. tiieir npper~pttrt alternate with white and graphitic xCirystalline limestone, overlies them in thick beds at M and texture, and probably dso in thickness. This portion of the series is well exposed on the east side of Courtney Bay, in the southern part of the city of St. John, and in the direction of Carlton, where its tufaceous or trappean members constitute prominent elevations. It seems also to bie this member of the series which, turning to the south, constitutes Cape Meogenes. Keposing on the rocks last described is the most interesting member of the series, consisting of hard buff and grey sandstones, with black and dark-grey shales. The sandstones contain numerous Coniferous trunks; and the shales, which are sometimes highly * Goner's Second Report. 302 PB0C£Ei>nrG8 OF THX GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [May 7, graphitic, abound in delicate vegetable remains, often in a very per- fect state of preservation. These rocks appear on the east side of Courtney Bay, near Little River, at the extremity of the point of land on which the city of St. John stands, and in the ledges and chfb on the shore westward of Carlton. In all these places they are quite conformable with the underlying rocks, though the dip gra- dually diminishes in ascending. No rocks newer than the above are seen at Carlton or in the city of St. John ; but near Little River a few beds of red shale and coarse sandstone seem to indicate the commencement of a new member of the series, the coast-section failing at this point. Mr. Matthew has, however, succeeded in finding a continuation of the section fiirther inland, exhibiting first, in ascending order, grey sandstone and gric, with dark shale holding fossil plants, among which is Calamites Transitionis. This may perhaps be regarded as the top of the group last mentioned. Above it, and passing into it at their base, are reddish sandstones, grits, and conglomerate, alternating with green, greenish- grey, and red shale. Resting on these is a thick-bedded, coarse, angular conglomerate, succeeded by evenly bedded shales, shaly sandstones, and grits, of dark-red and purplish colours. These are the highest beds seen, as beyond this place they are bent in a syn- clinal, and reappear with reversed dips. Another most important observation of Mr. Matthew is that near Red Head the member of the St. John series last described is over- lain unconformably by a conglomerate similar to that of the Eenne- beckasis, and probably the Lower Carboniferous conglomerate. It dips to tiie north-west, or in the opposite direction from that of the underlying beds, at an angle of 30° ; but Mr. Matthew regards the dip as due in part to false bedding. The whole of the deposits above described may be summed up as follows, the thicknesses stated being from measurements and esti- mates made by Mr. Matthew, and to be regarded as merely approxi- mate* (see figs. 1 & 2). Carboniferous System. Coarse red conglomerate, with pebbles of the underlying rocks, and constituting in this vicinity the base of the Carboni- ferous System. Feet. ^^P Devonian System {or perhaps, in part, Upper Silurian). 1. Dark-red and greenish shales ; flaggy sandstones and grits ; coarse angular conglomerate 1860 * In my paper in the ' Canadian Naturalist,' I gave a sectional view of the general arrangement, as observed on a line of section from the Kennebeckasis River to the extremity of the peninsula on which St. John stands. The sec- tions referred to in the text represent the same series, as seen on the east side of Courtney Bay, immediately to the east of St. John, with the c-ontinuation ascer- tained by Mr. Matthew towards the Mispcc River. very por- ist side of 3 point of 3dges and 9 they are dip gra- n the city md coarse oember of thow has, in further I and gtii, Catamites the group re reddish greenish- id, coarse, les, shaly These are in a syn- that near i is over- le Kenne- erate. It liat of the gards the ned up as and esti- ' approxi- iks, Fwt. ni- ts; 1850 iew of the nebeckasis The sec- iast side of lion Mccr- • 1862.] DAWSON DEVONIAN PLANTS. 303 2. Reddish conglomerate, with quartz pebbles ; reddish, pur- Feet. pie, and grey sandstones and grits ; deep-red, grey, and pale-green shales. A few fossil plants 2360 3. Blackish and grey hard shale and arenaceous shale ; buff and grey sandstone and flags. Many fossil Plants; Crustaceans and Spirorhis 2000 4. Reddish conglomerate, with slaty paste and rounded pebbles ; trappean or tufacoous rock; red, purplish, and green sandstones and shales. Thickness variable 1000 5. Black papyraceous shale, with layers of cone-in-cone con- cretions 400 6. Hard, generally coarse and micaceous, grey shales and flags, of various shades of colour, and with some reddish shale and tufaceous or trappean matter at the bottom. Zm- gulai, Burrows, and Trails of animals 3000 feet or more. 7. White and grey crystalline limestone, with bands of shale and beds of graphite 600 feet or more. 8. GneisBose and other metamorphic beds, with bands of quartz- rock and slate. Thickness unknown. The Devonian age of the upper mdmbers of this great series of beds I regard as established by their fossils*, taken in connexion with the unconformable superposition of the Lower Carboniferous conglomerate. The age of the lower members is less certain. They may either represent the Middle and Lower Devonian, or may be in part of Silurian age. Their only determinable fossil, the Lingula of the St. John shales, aflbrds no decisive solution of this question, and the evidence of mineral character is not to be relied on in the case of beds so remote from those regions in which the Devonian rocks of America have been most minutely studied. In mineral character, Nos. 1 & 2 of the above sectional list might very well represent the Old Red Sandstone, or Catskill group of the New York geologists. Nos. 3 «fe 4 might be regarded as the ana- logues of the Chemimg and Portage groups. No. 6 would represent the Genesee Slate ; No. 6 the remainder of the Hamilton group ; No. 7 the Comiferous Limestone; and No. 8 might be regarded as a metamorphosed equivalent of the Oriskany and Schoharie Sandstones. The entire want of the rich marine fauna of these formations is, however, a serious objection to this parallelism. If, on the other hand, we employ as our scale of comparison the development of the Devonian system in Gaspe, Nos. 1 & 2 will correspond very well with the upper member of the Gaspe series, and No. 3 with the rich plant-beanng beds of the middle of that series; but no mineral * The scanty animal remains of the plant-beds No. 3 accord very well with the evidence of the fossil Plants. They are a small Trilobite, apparently a Phil- lipsia, three other Crnstaceans, one of which is probably a Stylonicrus, another a Kuryptems, and the third a Decapod not apparently referable to any described genus. These Crustaceans are now in the hands of Mr. Salter. (See his paper on these fossils, read before the Society, May 21, 1862.) There is also a shell, apparently a Loxonema, and a Spirorbif. 304 PROCEEDIKOS OF THE OBOLOOICAL SOCIETY. [May 7, equivalent of the St. John shales and limestones occurs at Ga8p<$, unless we seek for it in the Upper Silurian. The rocks of the St. John group extend along the coast as far as the frontier of Maine, and there can scarcely be any doubt that the plant-bearing bods at Perry represent some portion of the St. John series, most probably Nos. 2 & 3 of our sectional list. At Perry the plant-beds rest on a trappoan bed, which may be the equivalent of our No. 4, a member of the series much more constant in its occur- rence than would be anticipated from its composition. According to Prof. Hitchcock, this last bed at Perry rests unconformably on shales containing a Lingula which may be identical with that of St. John, aud also other fossils of distinct Upper Silurian forms. The analogy of Perry, therefore, as well as of Gaspe, would point to an Upper Silurian age for the lower members of the St. John series, though at St. John they appear to be conformable with the over- lying beds. On the other hand, the unconformability at Perry renders it possible that the lower members of the St. John series may be wanting there ; and to assign a Silurian date to the lower beds at St. John would imply the entire absence of the copious and characteristic Lower Devonian marine fauna observed at Gaspe and in Nova Scotia, as well as in Maine, though not in immediate con- nexion with the Perry beds ; while, if the whole series of St. John be Devonian, the absence of this fauna would be accounted for by the metamorphism of the lower beds. In the present state of the evidence, it would be premature to decide this question, which may be settled either by the discovery of portions of the lower beds in a less altered state, or by tracing the St. John series into connexion with the similar deposits in Maine. In the meantime, therefore, we may be content to regard the upper members of the series as belonging to the later part of the Devonian Period, leaving the lower memb'rs to be regarded as Lower Devo- nian or possibly Upper Silurian. The fossiliferous portion of the St. John scries presents the richest local flora of the Devonian Period ever discovered. It far excels, in number of genera and species, the Lower Carboniferous flora as it exists in British America, and is comparable with that of the Middle Coal-measures, from which, however, it differs very remarkably in the relative development of different genera, as well as in the species representing those genera. It is only just to observe, that the completeness of the following list is duo to the industrious labours of an association of young gentlemen of St. John, who, under the guidance of Messrs. Matthew and Hartt, have diligently explored every accessible spot within some distance of the city, and have liberally placed their collections at my disposal for th(f purposes of this paper. Dadoxjlon Oiiangondianum, Dawson. 8i^llaria palpebra, sp. nov. Stigmaria iicoides (var.), Brongn. Caumites transitionis, Gapperf. cannfeformiii, Bronon. AsterophvUitefl ucicularis, sp. nov. latifolia, sp. nov. Bcutigera, sp. iiov. longifolia, Brongn. parvula, Dawson. [Maj 7. faspd, unless Lst as far as ibt that the he St. John .t Perry the }uivalent of n its occur- According brmably on ith that of rian forms, [lid point to lohn series, 1 the over- y at Perry John series o the lower copious and b Gaspe and lediate con- of St. John d for by the emature to discovery of tracing the ) in Maine, the upper e Devonian )wer Devo- the richest r excels, in flora as it the Middle larkably in the species ?! following of young Matthew )ot within collections Bp. nov. DAWSON — DEVOWIAN PLANTS. 305 Annularia acuminata, sp. nov. Sphenophyllum antiquum, Dawmn. Pi'Miularia dispalans, sp. nov. '' Jodendron Gaspianum, Dawson. opodit«8 Matthewi, Dawson. J iiophyton elegans, sp. nov. glabrum, sp. nov. Cordaites fiobbii, Dawson. angustifolia, Dawson. Cycloptt'fis Jaoksoni, Dawson. obtUSa, glMjIJIIJM ^ . £2^ ^jjiAJiAXMrl. varia, sp. nov. valida, sp. nov. Neuropterie serrulata, sp. nov. poiymorpha, sp. nov. Sphenopteris Hoeninghauai, Brongn. marginata, sp. nov. Harttii, sp. nov. Hitchcockiana, sp. nov. Hymenophjllites G^rsdorffii, Gappert. obtusilobus, Gappert. ciu'tilobus, sp. nov. ^ * jo / Fecopteris (Alethopteris) d o e uw e H B f ^L^Cd ^tCitdu.4 sp. nov. ' ( ) ingens, sp. nov. ( ) ol»cura(7), Lesquereux. Trichomanites, sp. nov. Cardiocarpum oomutum, sp. nov. obliquum, sp. nov. Trigonocarpum racemosum, sp. nov. II. Descriptions op the Species. {Angiospermous Dicotyledon.) < ? I. Syringoxtlon mirabile, gen. et sp. nov. PI. XII. figs. 1 to 5. Woody tissue close, thicJc-walled. Ducts many times the diameter of the wood-cells, thin-walled, with transverse pores in several series. Medullary rays of two or rmre series of mwnform cells. Groivth- rings distinct. This genus and species are founded on a small fragment of wood, mineralized by carbonate of lime, silica, and iron-pyrites. It is endently the wood of an angiospermous exogen, and does not differ materially from that of some modem trees. It is, in so far as I am aware, the first instance of such wood in Palaeozoic rocks, and would imply the existence in the Devonian Period of trees of a higher grade than any that are known in the Carboniferous System. This fact is not, however, in itself more remarkable than the occurrence of a single Land-snail in the Coal-formation, more especially when we consider the perishable character of the wood of angiosperms as compared with that of gymnosperms and cryptogams, and the small amount of attention usually bestowed by geologistg on fragments of mineralized wood. It is also to be remarked that, as I have else- where hud occasion to note, the Devonian flora has in other points a more modem aspect than that of the Coal — a circumstance which may perhaps relate to a different distribution of land and water, and to the comparative absence of the wide inundated flats of the Coal- period. It may, however, merely result from the unequal and fortuitous preservation of some descriptions of plants rather than others in the beds of one or both of these periods. The specimen is labelled as from Eighteen-mile Creek on Lake Erie, and was collected several years ago by Prof. Hall from a lime- stone in the upper part of the Hamilton group. It has unfortu- nately no matrix* attached to it ; but Prof. Hall assures me that he has no reason to doubt its genuineness. ! i ■1 SOG puooBBsives of thk obolooical societt. [May 1, {Exogenous Oymnovperms.) (Conifer(e.) 2. Dasoxtlon (Araucabites) 0uAirG0in)iAin7H, Dawson. * Canad. Naturalist/ vol. vi. pp. 165, 166, figs. 1 to 4. " Branching trunks, with distinct zones of growth, and a pith of the Sternbergia type. Wood-cells very large, with three to five rows of contiguous, alternate, hexagonal areoles with oval pores. Medul- lary rays with one to three series of cells, and as many as 14 rows of cells superimposed on each other*." In sandstone at St. John, where many large trunks occur, calcified and silicified, and in part converted into anthracite and graphite t. My specimens are from the collection of Mr. Matthew, and are de- scribed at length and figured in the paper referred to in the foot- note. I have no doubt that this is the Coniferous tree referred to by Dr. Gesner, * Second Report,' p. 12. 3. Dadoxtlon Hallii, sp. nov. PI. XIII. fig. 11. Wood-cells very large, with five rows of contiguous, alternate, hexa- gonal areoles. Medullary rays very frequent, and with as many as thirty rows of cells superimposed. This species occurs in a pyritized state at Hemlock Creek, Ontario County, New York, in beds of the Hamilton group. It resembles D. Ouangondianum in the great size of the wood- cells and the numerous rows of areoles, but differs so markedly in the development of the medullary rays that I regard it as certainly be- longing to a distinct species. The specimen, being completely pyri- tized, can be examined only as an opaque object, so that some of the details of its structure cannot be made out ; but the forms of the wood-cells and their areoles, and of the medullary rays, are so beautifully modelled in pyrites that no uncertainty exists as to the points of structure above specified. I have dedicated this species to Prof. Hall, its discoverer. 4. Aporoxylon. Among Prof. Hall's specimens is one, from Seneca Lake, which may possibly be allied to the plant on which Unger has founded the genus above named. It is a flattened pyritized stem or branch, one inch and a quarter in breadth at the larger end, and slightly tapering, and ten inches in length. It is marked with spii*ally arranged dis- tant scars, as if of excurrent branches ; and it seems to have been woody, with a thin bark and a large pith. The wood is imperfectly * In the case of this and other epeciefl described in m^ paper on the Pre- carboniforous Flora of New Brunswick, I shall copy in thw paper the specific characters merely, referring for fuller desciiptions to my paper in the ' Canadian Naturalist,' vol. vi. pp. 101 ef seq. t This and other fossil plants found at St. John afford remarkable examples of the conversion of vegetable matter into graphite, without loss of its form or even of its internal structure. 1802.] DAWdON — DEVOWIAW PLANTS. 307 ays, are so preserved, but shows slender cylindrical fibres destitute of markings, and with mere traces of medullary rays. The general arrangement of parts r-'semblea that in Prototaxites, but the markings on the cell- walls are absent. I regard it as quite possible that this may merely be wood of Dadoxylon or Prototaxites, in which casts of the interior cavities of the cells may have been taken in pyrites, while the cell- walls and medullary rays have been destroyed, and the spaces occupied by them partially obliterated by pressure. Whatever its precise character, it must have been an excurrent stem with many small branches proceeding from it, in the manner of ordinary coni- ferous trees*. In the collections made by Mr. Richardson (of the Canadian Goo- logical Survey) at Perry are fragments of stems or branches having a structure somewhat similar to that above described, but still more imperfectly preserved. (Sujillarke.) 5. SlGILLAUrA PALPEBRA, Sp. UOV. PL XIII. fig. 12. Ribs narrow, about a quarter of an inch in width. Leaf-scars trans- versely acuminate, small. My only specimen is a small fragment, showing three or four ribs, and with only a few of the scars preserved. The most perfect leaf- scars are shaped much like a half-closed eye ; but the specimen is only a cast, and very imperfect. Locality, St. John. 6. SiQiLLAKiA VANUxEMir, Gceppert. PI. XII. fig. 7. HaU's * 2,eport Geol. New York,' p. 184, fig. 51 ; Goeppert's ' Flora SUurisch.' p. 546. Areoles hexagonal, rather longer than broad. Vascular scars indi- stinct, apparently two in each areole. Barh thick. Ligneous sur- face obscurely ribbed, with small elongated scars in the furrows. Woody axis sulcated longitudinally ; its diameter equal to one- fourth that of the stem. There are about twelve rows of areoles on a stem half an inch in diameter. This beautiful little Sigillaria is figured, but not named nor de- scribed, in Vanuxcm's * Report on the Geology of New York,' fig. 51, p. 1S4. It is named and described by Gueppert from Vanuxem's figure f. An examination of the original specimen — a sandstone-cast six inches in length, imbedded among brachiopodous shells — enables mo to give the above more complete description. The bark is in a coaly state, and the woody axis, though flattened, is quite manifest, and still retains some carbonaceous matter, though destitute of struc- ture. The plant must have been of slender growth, unless it were a branching species. It approaches S. minima of Brongniart, but is smillor and not ribbed ; in which last respect it resembles S. ele- * Similar stora?, more nearly rosorabling thosa dos^ribad by Unger in external form, tKJcur i)i the Catakill group, t ' Flora dor Silurischen,' &c. p. 546. * ' 308 PROCEEDINflS OP THE OKOLOOICAL SOCIETY. [May 7, (janx, of which it may be regarded as a diminutive Devonian proto- type. Its locality is Allen's quarry, near Oswego, and the formation is the Chemung group. 7. SiGiLiARiA SiMPLiciTAs, Vanuxcm. Vanuxem's * Report Oeol. New York,* p. 190, fig. 64. Ligneous surface u'ith narroiv, sUyhthf niffose elevated ribs, ahout a quarter of an inch wide, in a stem jive inches in diameter. Lenf- scars indistinct. Under the above name Vanuxcm has figured a Sigillaria, the only specimen of which is a portion of a decorticated stem, with only scarcely distinguishable traces of the leaf-scars. It is from the Catskill group, between Mount Upton and N. Bainbridge. In Prof. Hall's collection there is a specimen in a similar con- dition, with wider ribs, and which may have belonged to another species, though it is possibly a part of an older stem of the above. It is from the Hamilton group, shore of Lake Erie, near Buffalo*. 8. Syrinoodendkon gkacile, sp. nov. PI. XIII. fig. 14. Ribs about a line in breadth, with elevated elongated areoles, each ivitJi three punctiform vascular scars in a vertical line. Areoles three- eighths of an inch distant vertically. Bark marked with delicate striae converging toward the areoles. On the inner surface of the bark are jlne longituditud and transverse strias, and tJie scars appear as elongate depressions. This species is described from a small fragment of the bark in a slab from the Hamilton group of Akron, Ohio, in the collection of Prof. Hall. It resembles in some respects S. pachyderma, but is smaller and has thinner bark and more elongated areoles. On the same slab are Cyperites, which may have been the leaves of this plant, fragments of stipes of Ferns, and branchlets of Psilophyton. 9. Stiomakia ExiGiTA, sp. nov. Pi. XIII. fig. 13. Scars small, in depressed spaces, six in an inch vertically. Stem cy~ lindricdl, an inch in diameter. This diminutive Stigmaria was probably the root of one of the slender Sigillaroid trees above described. It is evidently quite di- stinct from Stigmaria minuta, Lesquereux, which is, however, a similar species of nearly as great age. Like many others of the Devonian plants from Now York, it occurs in a marine bed ; and tho » Some obscureljr marked fragments in my collection, from Gasp^ and St. John, appear to indicate the existence of a species witli wider ribs than the above. Neither Vannxem's specimens nor these are sufliciently perfect to admit of description ; and tlio somewhat singular name which I liave quoted from liim may therefore be taken as repreaentmg one or more species of iHgillaria imi)er- fectly known. W vn til Y iiJj [May 7, snian proto- foimation is 1802.] UAW80N DEVONIAN PLANTS. 309 •ibs, about a eter. Leaf- nllaria, the n, with only is from the e. limilar con- i to anothor f the above. Buffalo*. hs, eacJi with reoJes three- I'ith delicate e of the bark 's appear as le bark in a collection of rma, but is 8. On the ■ this plant. Stem cy- ono of the y quite (li- lowcver, a icrs of the !(1 ; and the a8p«5 and St. an the above, to ndniit of ed from him llaria imper- f cylindrical cavity within the bark has been filled with sand and the stems of a small branching Coral, which may perhaps have grown within the hollow bark, which in this case, as in that of the Stiff' fnarioi of the Coal-measures, seems to have been almost indestruc* tible. The specimen is from the Chemung group, at Elmira, New York. 10. Stiqmaria ficoibes (variety), Brongniart. Large roots of Stigmaria, in some instances with rootlets attached, occur, though rarely, in the sandstone or arenaceous shale near St. John — only two or three specimens having been found. They are not distinguishable from some varieties of the Stigmaria Jicoides of the Coal-measures. 11. DiDTMOPHYLLUM RENIFORME, Sp. nOV. Fl. XIII. fig. 15. Areoles prominent, spirally arranged, reniform; each resembling a pair of small Stigmaroid areoles attached to each other. Areoles ^th of an inch in transverse diameter, and about \th of an inch distant tratuverselif, and ^tJiS vertically, in a stem, ^ths of an inch in diameter. The genus Didymophyllum was established by Goepport for a plant of the Lower Carboniferous series of Silesia, resembling Stigmaria, but with double rootlets. The present plant, though specifically distinct, comes fairly >vithin the characters of the genus. I believe it to have been a slender Stigmaroid root or rhizome, sending out its rootlets in pairs instead of singly. It occurs as a cast with the thin coaly bark in part preserved, and is from the Hamilton group, near Bkiingntnlon Lake, New York. A flattened specimen, apparently of the same species, occurs on a slab from the Marcellus Shale. Both are in Prof. Hall's collection, (Calamiteoi*.) 12. Calamites Transitionis, Gocppert. « Canad. Nat.' vol. vi. p. IfiS, fig. 5. This species, so characteristic, according to Gocppert, of the Upper Devonian and Lower Carboniferous series in Europe, is abundant at St. John, both in the sandstone containing Coniferous trees, and the shales which afford Ferns, Cordaites, bbt. A small specimen in Prof. Hall's collection, from the Hamilton group, may possibly belong to this species, though proportionally some- * In placing the CaJamifes hero, I do not mean to affirm that all the plants usually included in that genus arc gymnospermous ; but I believe that many of them are. t Dr. Gesner mentions ('Second Report', 1840, p. 12) a Calamite (probably this s\>ecic8) as occurring near Little River. t2 vluM^i ii i 310 PRooREonros op tdk okolooioal socirtt. [May 7, what wider in its ribs. Being only a part of a singlo iuternotl- *v cannot bo certainly determined, though it appears at least to indicate the presence of a species of Calamltes in that group. 13. Calamitbs cann^formis, Brongniart. This species, presenting the characters which it exhibits in the Coal-measures, occurs in the Icdj^cs west of Carlton, associated with the last species, but in much less abundance. It is a widely distributed species, but has not, I believe, been found previously in rocks older than the Lower Carboniferous, 14. Calahites inornatus, sp. nov. PI. XVII. fig. 56. Ribs continuous, as in C. Transitionis, hut flat and broad, the breadth of each being a quarter of an inch in a stem four inches in diameter. Nodes distinct, prominent in the flattened stem, owing to their greater . density as compared with the intemodes. This species is allied to C. Transitionis, but has much wider ribs. It was a woody plant, as, when flattened, a stem four inches in dia- meter affords a film of compact coal about a lino in thickness, which is quite as much as a Sigillaria or even a Conifer of the same size would yield under similar circumstances. It much resembles Gcoppert's figure of C. variolatus, but wants the stigmata said to be character- istic of that species, — instead of wliich, it has, in the coaly matter representing the stem, numerous irregularly disposed round spots surrounded by concentric circles ; but these are evidently concre- tionary, and of the same nature with the beautiful concentric con- cretions which appear in some specimens of cherry-coal and of albertite. The specimen above described is in Prof. Hall's collection from the Genesee slate, from the shore of Cayuga Lake. A comparison of this specimen with the obscure Calamite-like fossils from Kettle Point, Lake Huron, in the collection of the Canadian Survey, referred to in my former paper, satisfies me that they probably belong to the same species. (AsterophgllitecB.) ' ■ ■ . 15. AsTEBOPDYLLrrES ACICULAMS, Sp. UOV. PI. XIII. fig. 16. Sterna slender, striated, thicJcened at the nodes, leafy. Leaves one- nerved, linear, slightly arcuate, ten to fifteen in a whorl, longer tlian Lengthof leaves one-half to three-fourths of an inch. the intemodes. This plant is abundant in some layers of shale near St. John. It resembles A.foliosa, L. & H., but the leaves are longer, less curved, and more numerous in a whorl. Some of the specimens show that the stem was leafy, as well as the branches ; and I have a specimen, apparently the termination of a main stem, showing the whorls of leaves diminishing in size toward the apex. My specimensof this and the following species of Asterophyllites are from the collections of Messrs. Matthew and Hartt, and were obtained from the ledges and clifife west of Carlton. H U, [May 7, nternod;' 'v ; to indie. iU* ibits in tho tod with tho ' distributed rocks oldor , the breadth in diametei'. their greater I wider ribs, chos in dia- ess, which is size would 8 Gooppert's chanicter- 30ttly mutter round spots itly concre- centric con- cool and of ection from raparison of lettlo Point, erred to in to tho samo 16, ^jeaves one- longer tJian of an inch. John. It 088 curved, show that specimen, whorls of ensof this )llections of lodges and 1862.] DAWSON — DKYONIAN PLANTS. 311 1 16. ASTEROPHTLUTES LATIFOLIA, 8p. nOV. PI. XIII. fig. 17. Stem somiwhat slender, with enlarged nodes. Leaves oblong-lanceo- late, about thirteen in a whorl, one-nerved, longer than the inter- nodes. Length of leaves varying from one-fourth of an inch, near the ends of branches, to an inch or more. This species abounds in tho samo locality with tho preceding, and is often verj' perfectly preserved. It has some resemblance to A. galioides, L. & H., and to A. fertilis, Sternberg ; but it difiers from the foiTOcr in tho number and form of the leaves, and from tho latter in tho acuteness of their points. 17. ASTEROPHYLUTES ? SCUTIQERA, Sp. nOV. PI. XIII. figS. 18, 19, 20. Stems simple, elongated, attaining a diameter of half aninch, obscurely striated ; bearing on the nodes whorls of round or oval scales, or flattened nutlets, which at the ends of the stems are crowded into a sort of spike, while on other parts of the stems the nodes are some- times an inch apart. Tliis is a plant of uncertain nature, which I place only con- jecturally in this genus. Tho stems, which are very long, may have been horizontal or immersed, and the apparent scales may either have constituted a sort of sheath, as in A. coronata, linger, or may have been seeds or nutlets flattened like the rest of the plant. Near some of the specimens are fragments of linear leaves, which may have belonged to this plant, though I have not found them attached. When flattened obliquely, the stems appear as rows of circular marks, which represent the harder tissue of the nodes, and have a very singular appearance. This plant, though found with tho preceding, does not occur in the layers which contain the other plants ; and this may possibly mark a difference of habitat. 18. AsTEROpnrLLiTES LONGiFOiiA, Bponguiart. ' In the shales containing the preceding species are some frag- ments of an AsterophyUites with slender stems, intemodes about an inch in length, and linear loaves two or three inches in length, and about 6 to 8 in a whorl. It may belong to the species here named; but the remains arc not sufficiently distiuct to render this certain. ' - " -- 19. AsTEuornYLUTES PARVULA, Dawsou. ' Cunad. Nat.' vol. vi. p. 168, figs. 6 a, b, c. ** Branchlets slender. Leaves 5 or 6 in a whorl, subulate, curving vpwujd, half a line to a line long. Intemodes equal to the length of the leaves or less. Stems ribbed, with scars of verticillate branch- lets at the nodes." This diminutive species was originally found by Mr. Matthew in the graphitic shale, associated with the conifer-sandstone, at tho Houthc^rn part of tho city of St. John. Small fragments of it have subscfiucntly been obtained from the shales of Carlton. 312 PU0CEEDIK08 OF TOE OKOIOOICAL SOCIETY. [Muy 7, l>' 20. AWNULAHIA ACUIIIWATA, Sp. nOV. PI. XIII. t\g. 21. Leaves obl)Ut Prof. Hull's specimc'is are quite utidistingiiiHhablo from some of those in my cubincc from the Lower Coal-measures of Horton, Novo Kcotio. 26. Lkpidostbobvh IlicnARDsoNi, Dowson. • Canad. Nat.' vol. y\. p. 1 74, fig. 10. " Ai'is not lUsthuthj preserved ; form cylhulrical (?) ; acaltt oblong, with an obmtre miilrib." From Pcrr}', Moine. 27. Leptdostrobus otonosrs, Dawson. Round or roundish oval, covered with obscure pointed scales. This and tho preceding are very distinct but puzzling objects, collected by Mr. Richardson at Porr}', and are probably tho fructi- fication of Lepidodendra or allied plants. 28. Ltcopodiths Matthewi, Dawson. 'Gonad. Nat.' vol. vi. p. 171, fig. 8. *^ Leajlets one-veined, narrowly ovate-acuminate, one-tenth to one- fourth of an inch in lenvith itH rhizomoH, in tho manner of the Stitjintn'iu of fho C!oul-niua8urcH, and proservod in such abundance imd poifcftion that it is much bettor knoMn to lis in its form, structure, and ha]»it of growth than ony other plant of tho j)criod, i)roveH, us might liave been anticipated, to have hud a wide distribution in spiue as well as in time. Fragments of its stems are distinguishabU; in the Hiindstones of I'erry, and numorous fine speci- mons occur among the plants from New York Htato committed to me by Prof. lldl. It occurs in the Hamilton group at Schohurio, New York, and at Akron, Ohio, in the Chemung group at Cascade Falls, and in the Cutskill group at Jefferson. Most of tho specimens are stems, which show the habit of growth vciy perfectly. They c(mfirm my inference fnmi the stiiicture of tho Gaspe specimens that the plant was woody and rigid, as they often do not lie in one piano, but ext(l, p. 1G8. |9H>ia-> iW. 18G2.] DAW80N — DEVONIAN PLANTS. 317 • M often of a regularly oblong form. They have numerous equal parallel nervures, which were probably ftbro-vascular, like those of Ferns, as they present precisely the same appearance as the ner- vures of the plants of this family preserved with them, and which, in these beautiful graphitized specimens, are traced in deeper lines of graphite than the film of the same material which represents the intervening parenchyma. In the best-preserved specimens, the leaf is quite smooth ; but in some the space between the nervures rises into little ridges, so as to give a striated appearance. These different aspects, however, often occur on different portions of the same leaf. The present species so closely resembles C. borassi- folia of the Coal-formation that it might readily be mistaken for it ; but it differs somewhat in the form of the leaf, and still more in the venation, the nervures in the present species being perfectly eqnal *. In the paper already referred to, I have stated at length my reasons for preferring, in the case of this plant and G. horassifoUa, the generic name Cordaitcs, to Foacites, Flahellarla, and Noeggerathia, aU. of which have been applied to such plants, together with others having no affi- nity to them. To the name Pychnophyllum, proposed by Brong- niart, this objection does not apply ; but Cordaitcs, I believe, has priority, and is due to the describor of the typical species. I associate the genus Cordaites with Lycopodiaceous plants without hesitation, notwithstanding the peculiar character of its foliage, because Corda has shown that its stem is strictly acrogenous in structure, and of the same type with those of Lomatofloyos and Uhdendron — a fact which excludes it alike from association with Monocotyledonous plants and with Ferns. It is worthy of notice that, while the leaves of Cordaites, unlike those of Sigillaria and Lepidodendron, were not attached by narrow bases, but clasping, they were still, like those of nearly all other Devonian and Carboniferous plants, deciduous and capable of dis- articulation, as is proved by the immense abundance of fallen leaves, while the stems, probably remaining attached to the soil, are rare. It is further to be observed that these leaves were rigid, and long resisted decomposition ; on which account, no doubt, they formed a favourite base of attachment for the little Spirorbes which swarmed both in the Devonian and Carboniferous Periods. At St. John many of these leaves are covered with these little shells. The leav(;s of the present species are very abundant in the shales of the vicinity of St. John, and indeed are eminently character- istic of them ; and on this account I regard the dedication of it to my late lainonted friend. Dr. llobb, as specially appropriate. I have not recognized this plant in the specimens from Gaspe or Perry ; und the only indication of it in the New York collection is a frag- ment of a leaf from the Hamilton p,Toup of Cazenovia, New York, not sufficiently perfect to render its identification certain. * Thp nemircs in C. borassifolin aro alternately tiiick and thin ; but there is an uiKlescribed species in the Upper Coal-measures of Nova Scotia wliich has equal nervures. i i] 318 PROCEEDINGS OF THE OEOLOOICAL SOCIETY. [May 7, 36. CORDAITES AN0U8TI FOLIA, DaWSOn. Leaves linear, much elongaied, one-tenth to one-fourth of an inch broad, with delicate, equal, parallel nermires. This species, originally described from specimens collected at Gaspe, where it abounds in the roof of the little Devonian coal- scam, occurs also at St. John, and in the Marcellus Shale of New York ; and it has also been found by Sir W. JE. Logan in the Upper Silurian of Cape Gaspe, together with fragments which may have belonged to Psilophyton. It usually occurs as long riband-like detached leaves, not always easily distingiiishable from the flattened stems and roots of other plants found in the same beds. I have not seen the apex nor the base of the leaf, but among Prof. Hall's spe- cimens from the Marcellus Shale is one which appears to consist of the remains of several leaves, attached to a short stem, of which the structure and markings have perished. Plants closely resembling this are described by Unger and Goep- pert, from the Devonian of Europe ; but the characters given do not enable me to identify any of them with the present species. Such plants are placed by those writers in the genus Noegyerathia, which I reject for the reasons above stated. 37. CORDAITES (?). PI. XVI. fig. 59. One of Prof. Hall's specimens from the Hamilton group is a cast of a stem which appears to have produced closely adpressed clasping leaves, obscurely striated, and widening upward. I refer it to this genus, but cannot determine whether it belonged to either of the species above described or to a third, though perhaps the latter is the more probable supposition. 38. Megaphtton (?). . An obscurely marked stem in Mr. Richardson's collection, from Perry, appears to indicate a plant of this genus, but does not afford sufficient chai'acters for description. (Filiccs.) 39. Cyclopteris Halliaxa, Gceppcrt. PI. XVII. figs. 54, 55. (ioeppcrt, * Flora Siluiisch.' p.49S; S2Jhenopteris la.va, Hall, 'Report Geol. New York,' p. 275, fig. 127. The original specimen of this beautiful plant has been submitted to me by Prof. Hall, and corresponds very clostdy with tlie figure above referred to, and with Goeppert's description, based on that figure. The ncrvuros, which Ga'ppcrt notes as simple or dichoto- mous, are apparently the latter, and the pinnvJes seem to have been sliglitly lobed at the margins as in Adianium. Its densely leafy ruchis, with its rich terminal pinnules and delicate drooping lateral pinnae, give it an appearance at once unicjue and graceful ; while the foi-m, arrangement, and venation of the pinnules are peculiar 1862.] DAWSON — DBTONIAN PLAUTS. 319 features of that anticjuo group of Cyclopteroid Ferns so highly characteristic of the Devonian and Lower Carboniferous beds. This group of Ferns, including the present species, with C. JacJcsoni, C. obliqua, C. Hlbernica, and others, is no doubt generically distinct, as Lesquereux very properly maintains, from the Cyclopterides of the Coal-measures ; but this industrious observer has unfortunately applied to it the generic name Noer/gerathia, which is used by Unger, Gooppert, and others for leaves with parallel striation and suppoycd to be monocotyledonous. On this account, rather than increase the confusion of the nomenclature, I in the meantime retain, with the above explanation, the name Cyclopteria. The pr esent species occurs in the Chemung group of New York. 40. Cycloptekis Jacksoni, Dawson. • 'Canad. Nat.' vol. vi. p. 173, fig. 9. " Froiul hipinnate ; rachls stout and longitudinally furroived ; pinnae alternate; pinnules obliquely obovate, imbricate, narrowed at the base, and apparently decurrent on the petiole ; nerves nearly parallel, dichotomous; terminal leaflet large, broadly obovate or lobed." This species, first described, in my paper in the * Canadian Natu- ralist,' from a specimen found at Perry, occurs also in small frag- ments at St. John, and large specimens occur in the collection of Prof. Hall from the Old Red Sandstone of Montrose, New York. It is closely allied to C. Hlbernica, and is its American representative. 41. Cyclopteris OBTtJSA, Lesquereux. PI. XV. fig. 33. To this species, described by Lesquereux, from the Old Red Sand- stone of Pennsylvania, I refer a beautiful Fern not unfrequent in the shales near St. John. Lesquereux places it, for the reasons above mentioned, in the genus Noeggerathia. 42. Cyclopteris valida, sp. nov. PI. XVII. fig. 52. Trlpimmte ; primarif divisions of the rachis stout and tvrinhled. PlnniT, regidarly alternate. Lower pinnules nearly as broad as long, deeply and obtusely lobed, narrowed and decurrent at the base : regularly dimi.iishing in size and breadth totvard the point, and the last ^nnnules narrowly obovate and confluent tvith the ter- minal pinnule. Nerves delicnte, several times dichotomous. This is the most perfect and beautiful of the St. John Ferns. It resembles at first sight Spheiwpterls macllenta, L. & H. ; but on examination it differs materially in details. It is an elaborate and ornate example of the peculiar type of Cyclopteris already referred to as characteristic of the Upper Devonian Period. 43. Cyclopteris varia, sp. nov. PI. XV. fig. 34. Pinnate {or hipinnate). Pianv, tvith a thick petiole. Pinnules de- creasing In size to the terminal one, which is ovate and lobed. Pin- nules obi itptc, decurrent on one side. Nerves frequently dichotomous. This Fern has been found only in fragments. It seems to have 320 PROCEEDINGS OF "niE OEOT.OGTCAL SOCIETY. [^fay 7. been a thick fleshy frond, but the specimens arc insufficient to show its habit of growth. Its nearest allies seem to be C. Villiersi, Sternberg (Nenroptcrls Villiersi, Brongn.), and Cychptens hetero- phylla, GoDppert ; but it differs from both. 44. Ctcloptekis Bbowtiii, sp. nov. PI. XII. fig. 9. Pinnules large, cuneate, with distant, once-forked nerves, and waved viaryins. This is a more fragment, but indicates a very distinct plant from any known to mo elsewhere. It was collected at Perry by Prof. C. H. Hitchcock, and is named in honour of Mr. Brown, of Perry, one of the earliest explorers of the beds at that place. 45. Cyclopteris inceuta, sp. nov. PI. XVI. fig. 44. Stipes half an inch in diameter, f/ii'ing off branches at amte angles, on which are home, below, branching and recurved remains of fertile pinnules and, above, traces of termitial obovate pinnules. I describe this plant rather as an indication of a species than as one actually known. The parts remaining are similar in arrange- ment to those of Cyclopteris Acadica of the Lower Coal-measures of Nova Scotia, and prove the existence of a somewhat similar species during the era of the Hamilton group in New York, from which this specimen is derived. , , . > 46. Neuropteris serrulata, sp. nov. PI. XV. fig. 35 a, b. Bipinnate. Rachis thin and slender. Pinnce alternate, sparsely placed, and of few pinnules. Pinnules obovate, narrowed at base, sessile, delicately but sharply serrate, especially at the apex. Terminal leaflet rounded and lobed, scarcely serrulate. Midrib visible nearly to the apex. Pinnules about two lines in length. From the St. John shales, where it seems to be rare. It is a delicate little species, quite distinct, in so far as I am aware, from any heretofore described. 47. Neuropterts polymorpha, sp. nov. PI. XV. fig. 30 a, b, c. Pinnate or bipinnate. Rachis or secondary rachis irregularly striate. Pinnules varying from round to oblong, unequally cordate at base, varying from obtuse to acute. Terminal leafltt ovate, acute, an«> » 35. Selaginites formosus 36. LeDtoDhlooum rhombicum * « « 37. Cordaites Robbii * ♦ ? 38. angustifolia * * » « * 39. Cordaites? 40. Megaphjton ? « 4 1 . Cjdopteris Halliana » t This species was not noticed in the descriptions, as no new facts relating to it had been obtained. X I have marked this species as occurring in Pennsylvania, being of opinion that it is the same with Lepidodendron prinKevum of Rogers. 1862.] 0AW80N DBVOiriAN PLANTS. 327 OeologictU and Oeographiatl Distribution of the Devoni' ^ Plants o, Eastern America (continued). Names of Speciee. Upper Sllu. rian. 1 Lower Devo- nian. ! Middle Devonian. Upper Devonian. 1 1 i 1 1 t t Z 1 1 j 42. Cyolopteris Jaokaoni # tt « * * 43. obtiua « 44. valida 46. varia 1 ■* * 48. Neuroptoris serrulata * « * 49. — — polvmorpha 50. Sphenopteris Iloeninghausi . . . » 62. Hartii 63. Hitohcookiana 64. HymerophTllites ourtilobus. . . * » 66. Gbrsdorffii * ^ifU^ 67. AlHhi>pt4>rin dhSDVnt ,r,9, obscura? »? 60. Trichomanites 61 . Bhachiopteria pinnata » « « » ... »? (»6. Cardiocarniim oomutum « * 68. TrisonocarDum raceraosum . . . 69. AcanthoDhvton sninoaum 1 III. Conclusion. In the course of the preceding pages, I have endeavoured to notice points of general geological and botanical interest as they occurred ; and it will now be necessary only to mention a few leading results, as to the Devonian Flora, which may be deduced from the observa- tions above recorded. 1. In its general character the Devonian Flora resembles that of the Carboniferous Period, in the prevalence of Gymnosperms and Cryptogams ; and, with few exceptions, the generic types of the two periods are the same. Of thirty-two genera to which the species described in this paper belong, only six can be regarded as peculiar to the Devonian Period. Some genera are, however, relatively much 328 PROCCEDTHOi OP THV OROT.OOTCAl S0C1ETT. [May 7, bettor roiiroHontod in tho Dovoniun than in tho Carboniferous deposits, und sovonil CurbonifonniM genom are w itinj? in the Dovoninn. 2. Some Npocies wliith iippi'iir early in the Devonian Period eon- tinue to its ehwe witlioi t eutcrinj? the ('urbonifenius ; und the great miijority of tho specieH, even of the Upper Devonian, do not reap- pear in the Ciirbonitfrons Period ; but a fiw siMcien extend from tlio Upper Devonian into the Lower Carbon iferous, and thus establish a re»d ])a88nj»e from the earlier to tlu; Inter flora. The eonnexion thus established between the Upper Devonian and tin? Lower Carboni- ferous is much less intimate than that whidi subsists between the latter and tho tnie Co.'d -measures. Another way of stating this is, that there is a constant gain in number of gen(>ra and species from the Lower to the Upper Devonian, but that at th(> elose of the Devonian many species and some genera disappear. In the Lower Carboniferous tho flora is again poor, though retaining some of tho Devonian species ; and it goes on increiwing up to the period of tho Middle Coal-measures, and this by the addition of species quite di- stinct from those of the Devonian IV'riod. 3. A large part of the dlfl'erenee bet\\ een the Devonian and Car- boniferous Flonu* is probably related to different geographical condi- tions. The wide swampy Hats of the Coal Period do not seem to have existed in the Devonian era. The land was probably less ex- tensive and more of an upland cbarncter. On the other hand, more- over, it is to be observed that, when in the Middle Devonian we find beds similar to the underclays of the Coal-measures, they arc filled, not with Sti()maria, but with rhizomes of Psllophi/ton ; and it is only in the Upper Devonian that we find such stations occupied, as in tho Coal-meivsures, by Sit/inaria and Calamites. 4. Though the area to which this paper reln^^^s is probably ccjual to any other in the world in tho richness of its Devonian Flora, still it b apparent that the conditions were less favourable to tho pre- servation of plants than those of the Coal Period. The facta that 80 largo a proportion of tho plants occur in marine beds, and that so many stipes of Ferns occur in deposits that have afibrded no perfect fronds, show that our knowledge of the Devonian Flora is relatively far less complete than our knowledge of that of the Coal- formation. 5. Tlie Devonian Flora was not of lower grade than that of tho Coal Period. On the contrary, in the little that we know of it wo find more points of resemblance to the Floras of tho Mesozoic Period, and of modem tropical and austral islands, than in that of the true Coal-formation. We may infer fi-om this, in connexion with the preceding general statement, that in the progress of discovery very large and interesting additions ^v\\\ be made to our knowledge of this flora, and that we may possibly also learn something of a land fauna contemporaneous with it. 6. The fanes of tho Devonian Flora in America is very similar to that of the same period in Europe, yet the number of identical species docs not seem to be so groat as in the coal-fields of the two continents. This may be connected with the different geographical 11 i I {Op2>ositf page 5129. J On the Flora of the Devonian Period in North-eastern America. By J. W. Daavson, LL.D., F.G.S., Principal of M'GUl University, Montreal. Appendix, September 1862. — In a recent visit to Perrj-, the au- thor (with the aid of Mr. Brown, of that place) thoroughly examined the present exposure of the plant-bearing bed. Among the speci- mens obtained were the following. (1.) Wood of a conifer of the genus Dadoxiflon. (2.) A new Stli/maria of the type of S. exujua. (3.) Specimens oi Lephlostrohm Richnrdsom, showing it to have been the fructification of a new and interesting species of Lycopodites. ( t.) Another species of Li/copodites allied to L. Erdmanni, Germar. (5.) A new species probalily of the genus Anarthrocanna, Goeppert. (6.) A new Conlaltes. (7.) More perfect specimens of Ci/clopteris Browniana, showing it to have been a large and beautiful flabellate leaf or frond, possibly identical with that from the Upper Devonian of Pennsylvania, figured by Prof. Rogers, ' Pennsylvania Report,' vol. ii. port 2. pi. 22. (8.) A Fern allied to Ci/clnj)teris Jachsoni, but with a stem similar to that of C. Jioemeriana, \>\^ Plate XIV. Fig. 26, 27, 28. Lepidodendron Gaspianum, in various states. 29 & 30. Psilophyton elegans : a, fructification. 31, Cordaites Robbii: a, a group of young leaves; A, point of leaf ; c, base of leaf; i..K^'/n].n.x:i, .IWDd.Ji' WWn:,|, "■)KV0N1AN PLANTS. N M. AMKH.K'A.. JW.l) Qiiim.dOTn:n,(w(i.;ur,Yol,XVDI.P'.,XIK. \ Mm ill JWUdfil? BKVONI AM PLANTl^ N. K MKRir.A. 'A'.West ttu^i. Qiiiirt. I(.ui-lj!;u)|. !;().; VoJXVIU. yi\' .I.WI'dnM. !)MVc)NIAri 11, ANT;;, ri,!-:. AMI';l;'l(:/\. V/V/iu'.t, niip. ,1V {)ii,T!-|...:.>iirri^l'.M| .;(„■ Vol XVIil 117V. s I 1 W.I)