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The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol •—»>( meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Les images suivantes ont 6t6 reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et de la nettet^ d« l'exemplaire film6. et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Les exemplaires originaux dont la couvctrture en papier est imprimis sont i\\vn6s en commenpant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par !a dernidre page qui comporte une empreinte it'impression ou d'illustration. soit par le seconci plat, salon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont fiimis en commenpant par la premidre page qui comporte une (.. MINI o N o F < : ;\ N a D a . ) ^ Frovixcb uf British Columbia irNFOF^MATlON I ; INTEN1..NG SETTLERS. PUBLISHED BV THE GOVLaNMENT OF CAxNADA. 'Vs/"I:-TMEl ./.V jlvT-/^!^. OTTAWA : i-J A H ■ .' M K '^ T Of A < J 1 U <., U L. T U H t-J 2-^^ TASL.E OF CONTEN 'S. Agrii'i!llnr:il ;ti'3as.- • r.oani :m-! locigititr • B'lUiKlarip.s ■ 1' Mill'. \ V^ I 11 Canadiiin l*a( ip'' K'uil'. :i; • Clmrclies CllH-S I'M :u IS i Duftbiin. I.;iri.r, fxtru' t ■^■K-'-'ch'- ■ ^ Esqniiiiau!' a.!.u 'N:iuaimii l.'aiuva/.. :'0 Fi^;llt■l•ie.^ Fiifl Fiiruitmv, j^i ices i>f. Paoio. l.an-l lavvP ; '^"f, Lau'l iiAv^. *'' " I>"iuinioii lande. ■ ■ • ii--^ L-i;„';jraire J.iii.iljiu- : ravl*-. — iif'i IS <)t 1 'J . V\S ..l 1 rninitrrants. i-lassos di', snitaiilc^ 8 lii'lians 'U hitt-'ricr, "vl.niniaiiil . . . . . . . ••• '.!l I roi I ■ • • ''j Jnstii L', uciiuiiiistratioji of ol Koot.-!iay 29 ?>r('.cti*<'- linriliiT tradi.- nf. I'S -'ii' r.a.inLs, agri-ultiuai un>l past^tral I" in Hailwav tiraut.s -" Al-i.^iiav'tures, rirovi.u-.pi Miiu^rals ■\T'iii;i;.C law.-? M(jno\ u'^f'l in |)ri>vii)(;o ••• 1I> "ji^'V (1. .'.'\\ \V\'.s!.'irn;, fti distrii't Pa.s ;ai.'(\ (•. iri; 1 if • • • l'a.sl')val lauds. '.Va^e Pivt-r district ('opiilali'iu . . . r'-Hition of ]-'ro\ iiu'o "U gloln \\ stage rau'o Prices, lioaschold ai tick-s - iariii luiyilcineuts and ; r xii; :o 1 i^iietM! < hiilot'.' I.~;i.u;'l -' Tiail^^ ay i luds. •• • - iHMfig made Ml b''cn(M-y . ;siher Schoolc •Siirfaco of jn>'inc'. de-'. n})tr > k 1 / i v\» Eaa Paoio. •.'=>• 2(! ,18... .'25-2t5 terchos. I'.) 1::: , 1 1> ... ..10-17 17 4 f. 13 o 13 :;i , s -JO 10 .. 19 :>4 M -J " .> ; r lai: ■(.• 1'" . , , ... ■;" i>) ■>.. ;) ;i'i-Sl ;rin of. . . " 1 ■J- , :.i > \4 i M m. -X ^iikr t A -it "W -^^ ocky if t \>«r: *•"/: '/ B mfoo [umbaoli ' '»., "t4 w'^dJr ^.f:. ?^c v^ ir > ^ ;r ^L * rtMacieod ♦'^ "»» CV)mJ«« !7i M 160 140 rs ak^. aM lihls. ^t ''eejie la. Sai Of7£ Aroerican 1b \— ^IRastEndPosrVA'Cjynx i ^Inprnationar^'" ) T — ' iv 1 15 iVo«* I N T f eu\ .^^'"^ too 40 40 1 ''i^ Frtadlico A ¥ tto ^arl Is. 91 H^ -lis- eqiXtor : -— — — L — T^-i>cif-i 01 errkTESj?\va.hingt fevrfoundlaiK Tudies 60 AILANJ] CJU AN 40 IC m JjWriiP' ^ fi i: c I -< v ro (^ J ,\S]:a 20 so 50 40 NORTMEBN Brwlwn"*'!' ( 100 w M PART DOMINION i •. Joseph' « zi^ti't 3S^ ^ U«**i \j^ W ^ * Z5 ■ <.*"^ Table of Comparative Distances. Main Una — Montnal to Port Haody. All Rail Rouu (under oontauotlon,) - ifiK From Niw Torb to Pcrt Moodt, vim BrooknlUtndCao. PuifloR';., • • S,7ie From Ntw To» to Sim FiiAiiciioo.iita Cantrsl and IJnion PkciSo lUllwaji, •Dd ahorleit ennnoctlaf lioM through tb« UaiUdStsui, ..... .1,81)0 PromLiTHroob toNiwTou, . . . S,W6 From LiTimrooL to Poet MooDt, «<« ^1 Honiraal sadCko. Pao. R J., • . • 6,1M From I.iTBKFont to Bin PnAHCiioo.vta iborMit ooDiMaung linai in tho U . &, 6,880 From l.iTBSPOOL to Tokohaiu (JK|iaa), vtaUoutrMlandCan. Pa«. R>., . • 9,640 From LiTtRpooL to Tokohaha (Japan), ina Now York and San Franolioo, - - 10,4M The dlstanoes, via the Canadian Paolflo Railwajr, are by the Bail aad Lakeitouw. CANADA. PROVINCE OP"' BRITISH COLUMBIA. INFOiiMATIOX VOR SKTCLKllS. Britis'i C'oliunhiii (inihuliny Vancoiivcr, liueoii CluirlntU', iiii'l i>tlu'r ishuKls ulonu flio coast) in th;it portion of rauuda wliicli liK)k.snut uii tim I'licific Ocojiii. It in tlio ouly BrJiisli torritory on flic western, or Paoitic Oi-oau sul(« of tlii« North Aimiricuii t ontinojit. The principal oiliiT (r.)imtri('s on tlic I'licilic! ()c»:Vii\ silund)ia, upon 'tlie wiiole, is tlio heat of th(w countries to s(!tlle in. for the follow in;,' suhstantial rca- HonM : — Tukinjj thn whole yeiir rcund, or, taking; a series of years, the climate is more healthy and enjt yable. The whint, barley, and liops of I^ritish Columbia beat thoao k)f (Julitbrnia, and lier root croi»s lieat those, of Oregon. Her grass-fed iK'ef and mutton faro the best on the contincf. British Cohnnhia has more coal, and betUn- coal, finer harbours, Kuperior llsh, sounder trees, lb r mineral lands eoiitainin'j; j)nM;ious metals areverv extensive. The public tlomain is sold cheaply, the taxation is immensely 1 less, titles are nn ire secure, the (Government maintains frt«s uiisectarian public schools, [the laws are better carried out. the people have as much. jx^Iiticul freedom aa any ||x)ople (um desire. ' BOUNDARIES. ' ' ' ■ Tho bomularies of liritish rolund)ia are as follow : — On the North tlio parallel of -BO" \. ; on the West the Pacific Oc(>an and the frontier of the I'nited States ttirritory ltli parallel, is wholly within the province. • . - j[isTOKv._ ■; Vancouver Island was constituted a eolopy in 1840. The great maiidand territory fbeca,me a colony in 1858. The two colonies were united in 185(), under the n,ame of British Columbia, and so continued until tho :.'Oth July. 1871, at which date the colony b(icanie one of the provinces of Canada. From its tii e climate, its harbours, th(^ variety [of its resources', its vast de]X)8its of gold, coal, iron, and other minerals of economic value, British Columbia may be regarded us, in many respects, a duplicate in North- ! VVest America, of Great Britain and Ireland. Tho provinces must always be a most I important part of Canada. Governor-Cnineral the Earl f>f Durierin said on this point, [m a speech in Victoria, 20th Sc^ptember, 1870 :— '* Canada woidd indeed be dead to the most self-evident considerations of aelf- f| interest, and to tlie first instincts of national pride, if she did not regard with satis- i" faction her connection with a |)roviuce so richly endo^od by nature, inliabited by a " cominnnity ho ) " of extenijinir he " countiies lM;yon< •i'I)lete with Britisli loyalty aiul plu<;k, whilo it atiorded her th^moann- r conftnos andtluioMtldl.s of herooiuiueroe to tin' wido Pacific and the POSTTION^ ON THE (ILOI5E. The geogruphieul .situation of tho proviuco •" vo-y important. It juts out from North- West Ame^-ica as < Jreat Britain juts out fro Europo. Tlie (;oni{.arativoly favour- able distances across tlio oicau to Jai):ui, China, iiud Australia, tho direction of tho trade winds, tho oimn iiaroours, tho stores of coal, the immense fertile re<:ion throut;li which the Camidian Puciric Uailway reaches the seaboard of .Hri (ish ( 'olumbia — link in;: the Tacilic Ocean to tho sy:--lein of the 8f. Lawrence UMvi^ation (■ tho eastern side of tli# American Continent-- are facts extremely favoin-ablo to tho growth of a widely extended comme''ce. The ojv5nin;j: of the I'anama Canal, idso, Avill have a marked influence, connuercially, on the iutuni of the North- West of America. It is of importance to consit- tiement. And, ne.xt, the highest pa.s8 tlirough tho Kocky Mountains, on the line of tho Canadian Railway, is less than one-half that of the Tnion Pacific. A comparison of ]iroliles of altitudes of Lh ree trans-continental railway routes — the Union Pacific, with San Praticisco as terminus ; the Nurihi rn Paf-ific in Cnitwd State" territory, starting from ]>uluth at tho lu)aancist:o to New York, by the- TTuion Pacific Railway, is 3,303 miles, while from New Westminster to Montreal it is oidy 2,7'i(), or,()o3 miles in favour of the Canadian route. ** By the construction of the C^anadian Pacific Railway, even Now York, Boston, and Portland will bo brought from 300 to 500 mUes nearer the Pacific coast thtin they are at present. " Compared '.vith tie Union Pacific Railway, tiie Canadian line ,viU shorten the passage from Liverpool to < 'hina, indirect distance, more than 1,000 miles. '' \\"hen the remarkable engineering advantages which appear to be obtainable on the Canadian Line, and the very great reduction in mileage above referred to are taken into tu)nsi(leration, it is evident that the Canadian Pacific Jiailway, in enteriag into comjxjtition for i\w tluough traffic between tlie two oceans, will jx^ssess in a very high degree the essi:.3itial elcuents for succesh." Ti -t^-ill fluis be seen that the Canadian Pacific Railway has not only Canadian but Imperial interest. As regards j;he Pacific Ocean connei tions of the Canadian PacitV Railway, it is- ■H'orthy of note fluit the distance from Japan, China or the Pacific Coast generally to Liverpool is from 1,000 to 1,200 miles lass by th^ Canadian Pacific than by the Union Pacific Railway, tn reference to tiiis point, Prof'^ssor Maury, U.S., writes:— "The " trade-w inds jjlace Vancouver Islanil on the way side of the road from China and " .lapan to San Fram-isco so completoly that !i trading ^-essel under canvas to th'3 latter " place ^ )uld take the same route an if she was bound for Vancouver Island — so that " all retarri cargoes would naturfiUy con;e there in order to save two or three weeks, " bedsides risks and exjienses." It must, however, be clearly undorst;Ood that thi» advantage, equivalent to the distance between Vancouver Island and San Francisco, •\'v/.., about 700 miles, is indnpenrlent of and in addition to, the saving of direct distance by the ( anadian route j^iven above. TlieHO very inuiorlunt facts of position in relation to distances are very much hf ii,'hlened by the further ♦iii:t of the possession of important stores of Coal on tlie (Janadian Pacifi(! Coast, and the plains cast of tlie K(K'ky Mountains. Tliis is put in a, .slrikinj^ niannor by 8ir Charles l)ilke,^one of the late JMiuistt^rs of the Crown in Fngland, in hi.s book entitled " Greater Britain." Sir Charle.s says: — " Tiie position of the various Ktor-'.s of coal in the Paclfio is of e.xtreme importance a.s an index to the future distribution of power in that portion of the world ; but it in nut enoujrh to Icnow where Coal is to be found, without looking also to the rjn.antity, quality, cheapness nf labour and facility o*^" transport. h\ China and in Borneo thero are extensive Coal fields, I'ut they lie 'the vvrou;,' way ' for trade; on tiie other hand, the California and IMonto J^ial)io, San JJiego, and Monterey coal lies veil, but is of bad quality. Tasmania has tiood coal, but in no great quantity, and tlio beds nearest the cvf.iHt are formed cf nifurior anthracite. Tho three countries of the Parilif which must for a time at least rise to manufacturing greatneiss, are Japan, Vancouver Island and New South Wales; but which -^f these will bec()mo .vealthiedt and most powerful depends mainly on the anunmtof coal which they respectively possess, so situated as to be chea[)ly rai.se of tho water hctnisjiht^re, which will ocr.ujiy the [)OsUion that JCngland ;kis taken on the Atlantic, but some cour try such ai Japan or \'ancou\er, jutting out into tho ocean from Asia or from America, as England juts out from Europe " 'i'hi^ pre[ionderance of ]K>\ver which, according to Sir Charles, is to make the great nation of the future of th'> Bacilic coast, seems to be .■settled by the fact of the coal Joposits of Biitish Coluirdua, of which more particular acce-.mts will ba given in another clfapter. But it may be well to state in thi.s relation, that according to the ovidenco of J)r. (ji. M. Dawson, before a committee of the Canaclian Parliamcint, during its last sesi^ion, testa madabyotlicers .spe.-ially employed by tho Governm^.nT. of tho United States to a^^certain wiiat coal on the western coast gave the, best .-esults for steam purposes, showed, that to produce a given quantity of steam. 1,800 lbs- Nanaimo ir Wellington, (Brilifch C()lund)ia) coal were equal to 2,400 of Seattle (Washington 'i'erritory, l^.S.) coal, to 2,(500 of Coos Bav (Oregon, U.S.) and the same of Monte l»iab!o (California) coal. This su})eriority in (lunliiy being established on the i nbiassed authority of a test nuuUi for tlm U.S. Crovornment, settles the question o;' prepon- derance mentiono'l by tho Eiip-lish writer above quoted. Tho simple fact of power, however, from tho presence of tho mineral dc^poaits for making steam, is not the only consider;) tion. Tho question of distance n)ust also be (onsideretl, as well as the trade Avinda, tho great advantage of favourable grades and iiirves, the short line passing through a rich and vv.'ll watered atiricultural country, iiistead of tiu; hopek^ss deserts; aiui tlu^so conditions, moreover, are to be turtlcr con- sidered in coiniection with the system of St. Lawrence navigation on tho ea.siern face of thii continent. Sue' usiderations make it apparent that there are heie conjunc- tions of co'unu'rcial fi js winch are unique in the world; and which must, in the Pear future, e.\ercise marked intluouce upon, if they do not command, the trade between the coimtries bordering on the Atlantic and those on the Pacific Ocean. T iCi^e are facts which greatly a(le(;t tho future conimerce of the globe. Tliere is .still another fact to be considered iu relation to tho position of British Columbia, namely, tho urea'" English s{H.!{iking communities so rapiclly growing to wealth and power in Australasia." Aheudy a larg; trade has been built up between Amv-iiu uu( I those enterprising province.^, in whicti Canada has begun t(7 share as shown iu the recent able reports of Sir R. W. Cameron, the (.'anadian ( 'onuuis.sionei to the two last Australian Jnteruational Exhibitions. The tmsiest and most u.ipid rou'e to rea(!h the Auf^traliau (.^donies from any pit rt of this continent, baa been -r/'a Sa;i Francisco and the Paciilc Ocean. But for (Janadians, the fa'-ilities aro'grc^atly im^reased by" tho opening of tho Canadian Tran.s-Continental Railway. The lx)troleuni from tho immense de[)<.>siiB east of the liockv Mountains iu the Canadian North- West, ill 1 ;* I described by Prof. Selwyn and others before n committee of ]\irliament, will be cor- veyed to the racitic seaboard in Jiritisli Columbia. t<;» supply tin demand in the «.ouu- tries on the Paoiiic. This demand f(jr the j)etroleum j)r(xlucts of America has already attained the proportions of a frreat commerce. The mutual wants of the countries which constitute so larjw a portion of the globe, will, in the nrts amount, at preser t, to about twf) ami a half millions of dollart; annu- ally, the largest amounts being from the Uniterovincial manufactures. MINEEALS. The mir.erals of the province form its chief resource. The ex[K)rience of minera, and the data collected during nine ^ears by the geological otUcers of the Canadian Government, establish the existence of great mineral wealth in British Columbia — gold, coal, silver, iron, copper, and other minerals. Wlu-u the countrv is opened up and the cost of labour and supplies lessened, it will t-ooii take fi^s^ {»lace as tne mining province of the Dominion of Canada, and, ultimately, as second to nrior, lor all pra- t.ical pm'ix)ses, to any coals on the Pacitic coast, ^'ature has given liiis advantiige, exclusively, to Canada on the Pacific sea-board. On iUi average, nearly two-thirds of the sea-borne Pacific < oast C(orts were 150,(i00 tons, oi 12,500 tons pc'r annum. In tho last ton voare tliose iniix>rts have been 1,280,000 tons, or 107,000 tons per aniuJni. In t\w hvsr, tivo years they h;i\e avera^Jied 153,000 tons jx^r annum, or as mtich in one year as Avas receivecl at San Francisco in tho first twelve years of tho above period. TJie present indicutions point to a large increase of tlie coal trade of thft province. A to^t by th(3 War Department of tlic United States, us already statetl, in orcer to find the best steam-raisin^/ coal on the I'acilic coast, showed that to produce a given 'luantity of sttnim, it took ],S00 ttts. of Vancouver coal to 2,4no ths. of Sej^ttlo coal, 2,600 ttis. of Coos Bay coal Oregon, and 2,0(M) ttis. of Mont<^ Diablo coal, California. I'liis jiroved tiiat, as far as tiie Pacifie coast is (xuicerued, the coal of ^■anc(.■avor Island has a marked sni)eriority over all the others. [■r-:-,. IRON. ,--'-;, :. '^ ■ '- ■';■- " Great masses of iron ore exist on tlie cojist — sotne of the finest iron ores known in Canada— and lying in close proximity to great beds of marble or limestone and tho real lields of Nanaimo. l>r, Dawson descril>es the bed on Texada Ishmd as a "very ri(.']i magnetic ore assaying 08.4 of iron, and a very low p'rcentage of phosphorus and nther impurities ;"_ and having "only twenty tniles of tlio navigable waters of the Strait of Georgia IwtweMMi it and the Comox coal lield, and both th() iron and coal close t« tlie water's edge." Rich deposits of iron ore are louud in many other ix>rlion8 of the Province SILVER. V Siiver nas been found j\oar TIoik', on the Fraser River. The specimens of ore iissayed have 'given high yields of silver. It has^also been found at Yale, on the Fraser, and a rich silver ore has been broufitiful. There is every reason to believe that rich mines of silver will be ojjened in (he pro- vince. Specimcius received by the Geological Sur' ey, irom the Rocky Mountains, show a high percentage. OTHER MINERALS. Copper, galena, mercury, platintun, antimony, bismuth, molybdenum, plumbago, mica and other minerals liave been discov ored in dillerent inirts of the province ; «r, aiui l«avo ot abaonco grunted m certain ciiHes, ut, the rulo is that every iull claim < ior .siokueas or other reasonable eai'se. NATiTKE AND SIZE OF OKl'iNARY MINING CLAIMS. Claims, as far as jiossible, ar»> reotangnlar and must be staked by post or tn^. Sizes are, "bar diggincs,'* 100 feet wide at bitrb-water mark, and thence extend into the ri\ er at its lowest 'water leve,!. " Dry diggings " 100 feet square. "Creek claimt; " 100 f(H>.t long, measured m the direction of the general course of the stream, and shall extenil in width fnun base, to base of tlie Irdl or bench on each pule-, hut when the bills or benches are less than 100 feet apaji the claim shall be lnOfe/>t square. "Bench claims" 100 feet square. " Hill claims'^ base line fronting a stream 100 feet—pi'rallel side bnes at right aiigles thereto at summit of hill. Posts 100 feet r.part. Claim not to come within 100 feet of any guicb or tributary of creek. Measuremenw horwoiitaJ, irre8i)ective of surface inequalities. .: DbSCOVEREKS' t l.AIMS. i To one liscoverer 300 tbet in length. ? . To a party of two discoverers 000 do. To a party of three discoverers 800 tlo. To a party of four discoverern 1000 do. v ;, , And to each memlter of a jmrty beyond four in number, a claim of the ordinary size only. The above increase of size applies to d'y, liar, bcality where the claims are abandoned, shall, for the above j'urposos, be deemed a new mine, although the same lo(;ality shall have been previously workc^d at a dilitiiont level ; and dry diggings discovered in the viinnity of bar diggings shall bo deemed ;i new mine, and \ice versa. A disco >rer'8 claini shall be roc'koued as one ordinary claim. Creek discovery claims sb.dl extend 1,000 feet on each side of the centre of the creek, or as far as the summit. LEAVE OF ABSENCE. '. :' . 'i^- 'j\-^t'' On discovery of new lode or vein containing minerals, (i month.-,. On proving expeuditure. in cash, labour, or machmery, of $1,000 on «}ach full interest (without r-'asonable return), 1 year. Under othe: conditions Gold Commissioner hjifi option. ' • MINERAL CT;A1MR. "Mineral claims," — that is, claims containing, or aunposed to contain, minerals, precious or base (other than coal), in lode;* or veins, or rock in ])lace — shall bo 1,500 feet wide, and, as nearly as possible, in rectangular form- Must l>ave 3 posts (or tree , posts) at *f|Ual distances along centr(> line, with a noti(;o on each. Only one claim on the same lod'-; or vein can ])e held, except by purchase. (Juartz claims are defined to be mineral claims. In order to get a Crown grant for p nuneral claim lawfully held, it must be surveyed by a surveyor approved by tHo LandOthce; notice of application for the grant mu.st \m' {H)8tedconspicuotisly on the land and on the Government oiiice of tiie district, also inserted for sixty days in tho CJovernment G*i/etto and a newspa})er, if any, circulating in the district, and proof musi l>e given to the satisfat;tion of the Government officers that if 1,000 have Ijeen bona fide expfjuled in money or labour u[)on the claim. Or a '-J' Trown grant may be i.'ot by puyinn $50 {)er miv to the Government, in lieu of rupre- s»;ntatinn iiiul i^xitenditure on tlio claim. rivile!j;es, r t;iken into a dit(!h or sluici^ has to be mttasurcd at the ditch or sluice head. No walcrshould he taken into aditch or sluice except in a trough placed liorizoutally at thu ])l;ico at which the water enters it. One inch of water means lialf the tiuantity that will [liiss through an oriiice two inches high by one inch wide, with a constant head of seven inches above the U2>iKir side of the oritice. COAL l'ROSiM-:dT[NG LICENSES. A twelvt* months' [)ro8j.X)ct inglicen.se for -180 acresof vacant coal land, in one block, may bo granttul by tlio < Jon ermnent < ni [)a..nirovince is al'out 700 miles,, and th(> extreme breadth over oOO niiics. Its area is estimated at aliout 350,000 square miles. The Rocky Mountains ri«e abruptly at their eastern babo from the ])lain or prairie rogi(m of CenlrU (/anada, ar.J present often to the east almost {jer;Kindi( ular walls of (•(ick. They are > onuHised not of a single upheaved ridge, but of a rnnnber of more or lesig nearly parallel ranges, wl)icli have a geuf-ral dii.'ciion a little west of north, and a breadth of over sixty miles. The rivers that liow into Hmlson's Bay and the Arctic Oct an have tlieir sources fartlier back among the several ranges of the Kockies as we pro(;eed nnrtliward. Between the Slst and 52nd parallels the ranges not t>nly become more difluse, )>ut tlecrf'ase rapidly in ]ieight,tiU ou the bord .r of the .A.rctic Ocean they are representetl by comparatively low hills. The surface of the country between the Rocky ^biuntains and the Paci fie Ocean may be divided into two subordinate mountain districts, flanking ou either side an irregular belt of high plateau country, .vhich extend.s, with an average width of about ] 00 miles, up the interior of the [mivince to about 55.;50 N J... and is, lu fact, a northerly continuation of tlio great basin of Utah and Nevada in tlie United states; On the eastern side of this high irregular plateau, are masses of mountains that run generally parallel to the Rocky Momitains, .lud are not well distinguished from tliem. This is one of the moniltaifi' districts above-mentioned. The other is a mass of mountains on the western side of the plateau. Tlaeso latter are commonly (^alled the coiwt range of 8 Britisli (.'(jlniribia— a range uplifte*! later than the Cascado Mountains of Orej^on, and not of the Hiimo formation. Tlie largo Islands of Vancouver and Qnoen (liarlotto, which slioltor tiie mainland coast, are abovo-wator pwrtiona of a still moro westerly ranjie of monntaing now half submorf^ed in tlio Pacilic Ocean. Tlio Cascarth of the province, as alcove said of th(! Rocky Mountains, the mountains generally, except those of the coast range, dimini.sji in height, and the surface has a gentle nortlierly an(Ui beside it, will make the general i>hysicfil structure and surface of British ( 'olumbia sutHciently clear to the reader. Itis necessary, however, to add a word orlwo on the remai'ka'ole coas"" liuti of tiie province. Mere wo shail see a further resemblance (o north-western Eurojte, ^ttirticnlarly to the coast of ^'orway and the west coast of Scotland. COAST LINE. The coast line is much broken with numerous long inlets, bays, coves, and islands. It is noteworthy that, while from f^an Fran'Msco to Vn\iO Flattery there is not a single >iarbour for ocean-going ships, good liarbours are nuuiercus in British ('olumbia, both on tlio mahiland and on Vancouver Island. Among thou • nuiy be mentioned Burrard Inlet on the m;iinland, to whi(;h the trans-continental rai'w:iy com(^s, Es()uimault, the Naval Svation in Vancouver Island, and Nanaimo, a great coal shipping port on the east coast of that Island, all of which are excellent harbour? much frequentod by ship- ping. A re^narkable feature on the coast of the pr'tvince is tlio noble lnir\ ior for thw protection of the mainland shores formed by the outer half-stibmerged niouniaiu range above-mentioned, represented by the large Islands of Vancouver and (iueen Charlotta His Exoelleucy Governor-Gen(>ral the Earl of Duflerin.thns describes the coiiStline of the province in a speech at Victoria, on the 10th of Septcnibor, 1870 : — "Such a spectacle as its coast lino i)resent8 is not to be paralleled i'V any country " in tlie world. Day after day for a whole week, in a vessel of nearly 2,0(i0 tons, we *' threaded an interminable labyrinth of watery lanes and reaches that wound endlessly " in and out of a Jietwork of islands, jiromontc^ries, an-l peninsulas for thousands of " miles, unruffled by the slightest swell from the adjoiiiing ocean, and presenting at " every turn an ever shifting cornhinaiion of rock, venture, forest, glacier, and Hno>\- " capped mountain of unrivaited grandeur and beauty. WIkhi it is remembered that. " this wonderful system of navigation, equally well adajjted to the largest line of " battk>Hhip and the frailest canoe, fringes the entire seaboard of your province and " communicates at f>oints, sometimes more than a hun ln;d miles fron^ the coast, with " a multittide of valleys stretching eastward into the interior, while at tlie same time " it is furnished with innumerable harbours on either hand, uuw is lost m admiration " at the facilities for inter-communication wiuch are thus provided for the future *' inhabitants of this wonderful region." WirO SHOULD UO TO BHITISH COLUMBfA. In a pamphlet issued by the Provincial Government of British Columbia it is stated : — " The Government receives many letter!^ asking for a statement of the actual "advantages from different occupations and invtsstments in the provin<5e. To such " questions no entirely satisfactory answer ''an l»e given without the power to .I'auge, in " some degree, moral dispositions; so much d.ependson tiie individuai himself in every "colonial undertaking. Emigration is a matter that should be undertaken very " prudently, and with clear notions of w liat settling in a young i.'ountr}' rt^ally moans. " The rough task of re-be.uinning a carer means at tirst a time of hoi>^.. followed gen- "erally b}' depression and often by disappointnieat, and almost always; by more or " lass hardship. The province has ureat resources, but these require (capital, climont. Its surface is uneven and without any " extensive connected agricultural areas. It is only in the power of the Government 'toi-'Tve )?enoral informal iuii to tlu' iineiKliri};^ iinmi^jrani, tlui applii-ntioii of which • tosixic-ial Ciises irui.st lie tht; l.iisinrs.s of ital to ho independent f<>r tweh- > ' months. It is often best for the father to go out and i)avo the way for the little folks. " We cannot at present encounuti the emigration of profcs.'-iioual men, such as lawyers, doctors, surveyors, and ci\il engineers, unless they hav > money beyond the exjK'Cted earnings of their profession, and arl^ prejared to take their chances ' after arrival. Cler^.s, shop nen, or those having no particular ti'uile or calling, and men not accustomed to work with their hands, if without iiicans of their own, would ' probablj meet with disap^.ointment, and ].H>rhaps hanlslup. Tutors, governesses, ' house-keepers, and womiMi generally ahovo the grade of domestic servants, should not go alone to the pr< '\inco at present, and they should not go at all, unle^ss to join ' friends or relatives able to maintain them for some time after arrival, tjrood female ' domestic servants are, however, mu<'li in demand. " Tiie jaded man of business, or invalid, will tiiid that a visit to the province will brace him up. " The tourist who can conmiand ^nflicient means and leisure, may well exchange, fo.' a time, tho beaten tracks of Eurojiean travcil for a tour of exploration and ;<.d\en- ture, where the wnrld assumes a new and to some '.ninds not inuiitractive pha.se. In the magnilicent tscenery of British ('olumltia the lover of nature will see much t(». remind him of Switzerland and the Rhine. The' naturalist and l)otanisi will rirul s})eci mens not known in Europo. The geologkst will witness a panorama to which the old world presents no jnuallel. The sportsnur.i will tind abuidance of adventure, and game of all kiu(l,>. In the princifial towns, travellers cai! have as good a dinner as in Paris. • - : ■;-,•-•>> ..n---. , , " Wo invite emigrants from all nations, except China-"' j '^ 4i 1:1 CONCERNING TASSAGR TO BErTISH COLUMEIA. The first thing an intending emigrant should rnment Agems. ^vho are instruet*>''. i,.. be careful in giving information and advice. Confidence should not l>e 1<> j?ivon in men- hanjrors-on who are sonioli'iies found about tlx^ stations or laiuliiiv: places on llio arrival "f parties of iniiniirrantH. I)!\til the initnigrant hiis he(Mi :i sufliciont time in Ino new country to learn its ways, ho .shuuki linik, yory closely at the motives or interoHts of those perHons who oti'er transactionH or ivlviee, and not arcopi them without loiiHultint; the n 'sponsible olliccrs. Steau.boat and railway tickets for pass.ijj;*^ or fares shouM lie purchased from th<' n^^ularly autliorize.d atrents only. If anv further inforniiition should b(> deHir(!(l by the inimiiuTant wliich he eaniiol obtain on the spot ; or should ho desire to uuike any statements, he can write directly to the (ieneral Govcrnmiuit at Ottawa, Canada, addressinj: his letters to tlie "Secre- tary of Department of Ay;ri(!ulture, Ottawa," and lie will receive dm* attention. T^ttiirs addressed as above are jMxst fri\e, and may bo simply than the above prices; and from Qui^enstown, Liverpool, Glasgow, i>erry, Belfast, Bristol, Cardiff, and Dublin, they are a tritle less. Kates over the Southern Pacific are about the same as those of the Nortliern Pacific Railway. Rates over the Union Pacific Railway, which has now atlirouuli line direct to Portland, Oregon, are about the same ns those of the Noi theru Paci (ic Railroad, and aflbrd jiassengers as good accommodation and as (juiek time as any other line. 'I'he above-mentioned rates are certain to be materially lessened as soon as the Canadian I'acific Railway is ready for tratii(!, which will be eari.) in the spring of 1886. Steamers leave San Franciscofor\"ictoria every eight.day8. Tlie prasent advertise*.! passage is, cabin $20 (£4 ?s. 5:|d.\ steerage $10 {Z2 Is. 2|d.) In the steamboats the passage money includes provisions, bui. the railway fares do not imilude proA'isions. Railway sleeping cars aro provided on tlje railways across the continent, but passengers furnish their own bedding ai\d bUinkets. One hundred pounds weight of baggage is allowed to each adult on the railway, and one hundred and fifty p(junds weiglit on the steamers to Victoria. The charges ov txcciff! vx"lr/ltt are high. In view of the much greater cost of reaching British Colund)ia than any of the other Provinces, the Dominion Oovernment grant bonus certificates of $10, or £2 ster- ling, payable in Victoria, to all emigrants over 10 years of ag<*. Thes(» ccvtifit^ates can be obtained from any of the iHiminion Agent;- in the Unitehi(^t. This aid can be ol)tfdned liy emigrants frorn the (continent of Europe who call m rovtf r)n any of the above-mentioned agents ; but is not applicable to those going to British Columbia from the eastern provinces, United States or Australia, unless by w^iy of Great Britain. At Victoria and New Westminster, the (xovernment of British Columbia has provided buildings for tlie temporary lio\ising of a limited iiuntber of immigrants. B()AR7» ANh LOlxilXa. Ti.^v r,i-,1ininy advertised n..tort in Vii-toria in irood socond-olnss hott^lH (meat at every nieai), .ire ua luiluvvs ; — Board luid lodnin/, H^") to $V>.'>0 ('Jus. to •-•♦is. Mntrlisli) jxt week. ' " > Do, do. 5'il (4s. En u'.nt.s and 25 c!;nt.s (2s. and Is. Enfilis'i). At Now WestminsU^r, near tlu- iiiduth of the Kra.ser, tho rat(*s aro ubotit thosamo. At Nanaiino, tho '■ (-'oal " town on tho oa.st sido nf Vancouver I- land, tho rato, in th". worknicn's l)oarding hoiwos, is $22,50 i)er mouth. Board and kxlgings aro liifihor in the mainland intorior. ■ i |ii ;i , •. OCEAN rASSACJE. > . V In stcaniHhipK from the Tlnitcd Kingdom and thti <'()ntincnt of Europ<', a certain rmmber of foot of spaoo^is proHcriljod by law ibr "acU pas-songor, so that evon in the most croMvled or busiest tijncs tlutro can bo no overcrowding, or snch crowding as Would bo injiu'ious to tho health of the passengers. Good foo(l is amply supplied, and thoro is always a medi<'al man on board in case of illness, when medicines and medical comforts are provi<« ins{j(M:ted by otlicers of Llie lni])erial Parliament before departure, to ousuro tho carry- ing out of tli(! provisions of the Tassengers' Act. Tho law.s past^ed by the Canadian Parliament contain strict provisions for tlie protection of immigrants, and .severe ponalties are imposed for all attempts lo deceive or defraud them.- On landing at a ('anadian port, all immigrants will be visited by amedici.l olhcer of the Government, callcMl thelnspc'.cting I'iiysician, and any wl.o may In- ill will receive medi(!al treatment, aild all necessary medicines and oondbrts will be provided. Tiie daysof sailin'jiof tliOftle,anjships. and t lie rates of passage — cabin, intermediatt^ and steerage — will be found by tlie intending emigrant in the hanilliiils or advertise- /nents now so very gtnierally published. It may hero lut particul.arly p(nnted out, that, '.hoiiiusi. favourable rates of assisted passages aroolfered to female domestic servants and families of agriculturallabourers. .\ssisted ptussages are, however, afforded tc» other laboMrer>] aun i>assago includes all provisions aJid stateroom. The intt^.rmediato passage includes |»rovi3ions, beds, bedding, aiid all necessary uti^nsils. Tta^ staeragiv includes a. plentiful supply of co')ked j)rovisions. but8teerag<\ passengers nuist provide, their own beds and bedding, and eating and drinking tins. The outlit for a storage passage is as f(;llows : — 1 nuittress, Is. 8d. ; ] pil]ow,()d. ; 1 blanket, 3s. <)d.; 1 wattu'can, M. ; 1 quart mug, ;'>d.; ] tin plate, 3d.; 1 wash iiasin, 9d. ; 1 knife tttid fork, Gd. ; 2 spoons, 2d. ; 1 pound marine soai>, (kl. ; 1 towel, s.i. ; total, "Js. (Sd. The whole of these artic1(is can be obtained of any outfitter in Liverpo()l at one minute's notice. These articles uiay now, hov/ever. be hired at a merely nominal rate from some or all of the steamship companies. AH cbil(b'en al)ovt^ the age of twelve years are considered ocean adults, and charged full prico. All children under twelve, and over one year old, are charged half-price; infants in arms being charged Ids. (>d. stg. Children, under the ocean adtdt age. liave special rates made for them in the assisted passages of tlie Canadian (iovormnent. Tho stoerage passengers being so well provided with food on the steamships of the principal lines, need not think of providing tbeiu.solves with any kind of provisions. If they sbiiuld bo8i and liis ciiiploycrH. lint if for :iny reason thero should hf> a failnro in this, tho iniini<:rant Mhrnild nialuA hi.s coini)laint to tlu< ( loxfrniiiiMit Atitsnt iniiiK^- diatoly upon liindiii^, w).ilo tlio slup is in iMirr. 'r!i«) larjic sloaniHhii).s liavo stin.ardosscs to look after tho i'cniaio jiortion of tin ^ HtAwraj,'o piiM«('nj.'('rs, who havo separate* and isolati'd aofomniodation in tho bettor class of steanu'is ; a necessary precaution '\vhor« lurgo numbers of both wexes ar^ carritMl within a limited space. On all the ^^eamsllip bills the jmssonpT will find slated how many <'Mliic feet ot lugjxajio h(^ can tako with him on hoard tlio Kteamship. Cabin paH-stjiiirers are allowed L'O cubic foot, internu'diato i)asaen!.'ers 15 ftset, and ^u«(rau;e piisson^rers 10 iMibic foot of lii;^ira^re free. 'J'en cnbic feet, ho\\(>>er, may bo a much lar^'er amount of luggago than will bo allowed by thti railways afttvr landiii'^'. ( )n all boxes, trunks, or other liijr^'ago overy passenger should havo plainly written or priiit(((i his nanii! and destination. AH lieavy luugago and boxes are stowtd away in tho hold of tho 8t()auiship, but tho emigrant should put in asoparato and snudl package the things he will require for nso on the voyage. Those lie, should keej) by him and take ii:io his biTth. Kiiiigranis soniotimessuiTer great lo>8 and inconvenience from .'osing their luggage. They should, tlKMcfore, be careful not to lose sight of it until it is nut, on 8hi{)board. It is then perfectly safe. Upon arriv;d at (.iuehcc or Halifax it will bo passed by the <'ustoms otlicers and |)ut into what is called tho *' bngsrago oar" oi' tho railway train, v.liero it is "chocked 'to its (Uvstinatioii. This means tbat there is attached to each article a litllo piece of metal with a number stanijied on it, whik! a corresponding ])iece similarly mnnbered is given to t!ie passenirer to keep untiHiis (lest iuatiou is leached. TIim railway is then r(>8[M>nsibl(^ for the wafety of his luggage, and will not give it up ntitil ho shows his "check." This custohi has groat safety as well as convenieme. After see ijiii' hi-< luggage marked as passed by tlie Custom House otticer, tlio immi- L'rant sluuild si>e that it goes on the same train with him, and if ho is going to cross tho Continent rin San Francisco, there to take tho steamer for Victoria, he should also see that his luggage is passed by the Cnited States Custom House otUcor, at Port IbiroTi, and that it is on tlie train Mith him Mheii he leaves that |)oint. The same remark a|>plie3 should he take the more direc^t route >'(•; Diiluth and St. Paul, over the Nortliera I'acilii! to pMjj;et Sound. Many luimigranf s have sullcred great imionvenience by tlu> detention of luggage at this point, and too much care, therefore, cannot be taken to see that all is ridit. It may luipiRm if a party of emigrants are going together, that tiieir luggage may be Ixmded through, and in this event, a great deal of trouble may be avoided. Next spring, however, when (he ('anadian Pacilic railway will be opened through to the Pacific Ocean, all this trouble will be saved. WHAT TO TAKK. The limit for luggage on the railway lieing 100 weight, and the charge on exceps ■weight beins; high, it is not possiblb" to take many things on the trip. Articles of house- hold ruruiture, such as crockery, stoves, or articles of hardware, should, generally speaking, bo left iKshind or sold, as they would not be worth the carriage on tlie journey to British Cohimbia. and would, 'besides, cause a great deal of trouble as well as ex.x^nse. Heavy supplies might be sent from England ri(> oxi)lflinf>fl that mriTioy in ( 'iiiiii 'i\ 5 " " I (t H.'. lor small ohan^jo, tho liull"-i)onny .st(»rlin;; is I cent; and ilic jH'nny sterling is 2 ■f'entH. Tor arriving: ronj^hly at tlio approxiniatv vaino of lari-'cr iijiiiros, tho round at(!rlinr nionoy of the Bank of British 'North America an' that p,)rtion of his money not wai.tcd on the passage to the I'ost Ollice, and iret ft money order for it [)ayal.'le in Victoria, or he may pay his money either to the Bank of British Columltia, fjomlou (tho bankers for tho Govern- ment of British Columbia), or the I'ank of Britisli North America, London, and get from ilu^ bank, jn exchange for his money, an order payable on deniand from its branch bank in Victoria, British Columbia, for tho eiiuivalent of his inoney in dollars and cants. T]u\imvjra)it, onpat/highix monn/ to the Jiank, mi'M tngn his ntime on a neparate piece ■of paper, and ask thi Bank to ^I'nd the tdgiuitinv to iliair Branch J> The nowspajior postage in Canada is merely nominal ; and there. is» i parc(>l. sam[)le ;and book jx)St, at a choaiJ ^"-i'^^i which are found v(>ry useful. T " MONEY ORDERS. _-.---- ^ The money order system in operation is similar to that of England. All Money Order Othcfis are authorizeil to draw t.n each other for any sum up to ono hundreil dollars ; and any applicant may receive as many ono hundred dollar orders as he may require. An order for $4 is sent for 2 cents ; $10 for 5 cents, and so on. .^ 14 It in not oxiirtly kimwn whiit tlic ^\a^Jr«^s wilMw tliirt your on tlm lui««' railway workh-; tlint iim in prn'^nvs in ilill'rr.Mit pints of tlu» |ii<>\ in»v, ciirrjj^d on uh (lit.so :in\ in nucIi ■w i- tain.s, hut tlio foiluu iiiii ailvertistMn nuloH. With rosjx'ct to \vav'«'s {.'Hrmrally, it ninv Ite niiintiomul that in addition to tlin dununid for labour on l'arin.s and in tlio (■olfi(\rit'H and lislu^rit's, tluir(^ has bcc^n ol late years a coiisidcrablo (extension of nnunit'actnrinjj indiihfrics of varioiiH kinds in tlio provinco, jitlordin^i nioro or less rniployjnciiit to workmen. 'rhou>:li not on a lari^o Hcalo, coniparativoly, tiicso iiuliistruvs aru lirtnly o.stabli^llfM^, unci aru doinjj; a watis- faftory bnsiimss in rolatiou to tlnw(»iuirouic.nt8 of llio po|)uIation. Tlirro ari^ Hour inillb, biscuit faciorins, fmnidritw, iron and brass works, l»oilor and nuicbino .sIio[w, l)oat-l)iiiidors, 8aw-ndlls, Kasb and door, furnitnro, piano, boot and kIiop, j/lovo, hook- bindintr, soap, match, tii^ar, candy, bniHh, brick and drain-]»iixi factories, with brow- erios and otbor industries. Tho following? aro about th(» average wajres at present, as they have apjtoarud in offi(nal reports, or liave lieeii finnished ou imiuiriew made lately : — Collieries — Cat pc.nlers and blnekflnnths f L' r)0 to $!{ 75 per day. Lalxiunw-s 1 50 to 2(10 " Miners' uarnin>.'8 (contract work ) 3 00 to 4 00 " Pislierie- — Fishermen. .....' 50 00 to'tiO 00 jK^r mo.. Other inihistries — Stonecutters, stonenuusons, and bricklayers 4 00 to 5 00 j)or day.. Tlieir lalionrera '. 1 75 to 2 00 " Plasterers .•..»• 4 00 to 4 50 " CariHintere and joiners * 2 50 to 8 00 '' Ship carp((nl(Ms and caulkers 4 00 to 1 50 •' ( 'abinnt-iuakers and upliolsterers , ;M)0 " I'aintiis 3 50 to 4(H) " Shoemakers .,,*.,...... 2 00 to j? 00 Tailors 2 50 to 1? 00 •' Tnilores.se.s • 1 00 to 15(t i '.ers (with board and lod>?inj:) (15 00 j>er mo.. J iClnnn (cutters) 75 00 to 100 00 '* biaugliterers 75 00 " Cigariniikors 2 50 to 4 00 per f tin- > oiint* v'. WOMEN SI, UVANTS. 8carc(v, wii^ns hitrh ; $lfM()$12{»or rnoi.Mi for niir.s« i^irls; $'-'0 anioiitli. wifli liuard, lor nont'iiil lioiHt) Ht^twants, havinjr sonui knowiodmi olcnokiii^i and Ixiinir alilc In wash. A conHi(iorahl(i immiMT of vvoll-|)riti(ipl.'.d, coinpi'Uint womon-Horvants laii h<^ t*mploy- 4!ii 111 ivsin'ctahU" fainilicvi — thoHii arciiHtonuid to conntry work are most wunltd, — many intii of ^ood characUM' and nitniiiH aro jjinin^ for wivivs in th(' connlrv iliHtrictH. Chinawomun do not tak(( MoivantH' jdatuis, ('hinamon aro tMnployed as cooks at $1") to $25 a monlli, with hoard. 'I'hcy ftit (Ini-wood. Ii.rht (ircH, cloan hoots, itc, hut a goo following; nnii ahout tlic avcrai^o pricivs in Victoria, the capilai of tho pnwincp; BrTrKit--<"lioi( o hslaiid, oO ccntH "H Ih. ; l8land ri.ii, 7."> (cnts; N<'w r, .')() conls. f (''mi:i;sk — ( 'anadian 30 roiits 1)^ tt». ; (Jula.. 2.5 conts ; Mastnrn ( ■roam, .'U» (;onts ; B.C., | Ec.os — Fii'sii Island, .S7.J ('t'nts "ft* doz. ; l'u<;«t Soiiml, "J.-t cdiits. / CouNMKAi, — .)0 cents f' sack of 10 ttis. / Oatmdai.— (>2.', ccMits T}< sack of 10 lt.s. , 1m.o(U -Extra, #.'i.2.3 i^ hrl. ; .'j;l..")0 >' sack ; Sn|H!r., *4.25 "r* l>il. ' Wm: VT--2 0(Mits !•' tt.. j Bkans— -Lima, S conts. 'H "'. ; .Small Wliilo and Hiivoii, l\ cents. Si'i.n I'ka.— 12.1 cents ^r* Ih. VKi;r/rAvii.i' ^''- ; Celery, . Ween t.s*i[pdoz. ; Carrots, 1 cent *|]* fl». ; Rhnharh, 12^ cents "t' Ih. ; Oaulillower, 2 for 'Mi^ cents; Aspa- rapns, 20 cents "^ tti. ; Turnips, l.\ cents 1;* lo.; ( 'ncnnjhens, $l.."iO *p doz. ; ('ahhaire, 121 cents 'V tt>. TI AMs— Home cured. 18 cents "{ti hti. ; Cliicugo, 20 cents ; Oregon, IS cents ; ShouldorS; IS cents. .,., .,.;„,;, -■ ..'.;■' ■':.'■-■:■ -.- '■■■ ' Bacon — Breakfast, Is (jonts ~\^ tb. Lahi)---20 cents \> lt>. Fish— Cod, t> cents; Salmon, -T cents ; Ronele8.s C^od, 10 cents; Soles, H centw ; Hali- l)nt, 8 cents '^ It. ; Yarmouth Bloater.s, 25 cents Ij^ doz. ; Salmon h(dli(^s, \\ for ."iO cents ; llerrinir, 3 cents; I'loimder, 8 (;ents; Smoked Oolaciian and Salmon, 12.1 cents; Smelt, , Scents; Whiting, 7 cents ; Sin-imp, 25 cents; SHjlt Ooluclum, *> cents "P Ih. ; Crahs, 75 cents 1^ doz. Smoked llerrinjr, 12^ cents , Salmon Trent, S ct>nts 1^ tt). Ca.vmoi) Sai.jiov— I It), tins, "ji' doz., $2. Fri-it— Lemons, 62.] cents 1^ doz. , Oransj;es (blood), $1 '^ doz. ; Limes, Ki conts 1^ doz, ; Apples, 4 cents "it^'tb. ; Cranherrics, 75 cents Tt> j^al. • Bananas, tt.. ' Sir. A us— Crushed or cube, 7 tb. for $1 ; ( jrantilated or No, 1, " lt)S. for $i ; 1>. or No. 2, S lbs. for $1. Nr-rs — English "Walnuts, 20 cents 1;' tb. ; Coooanuts, 20 cents oacli ; Almon 10 cents. Pork— 10 C") V.'h (onts y tf). VEAL--12 («4 15 cents IP tt). SAU.sA $3 each. Ducks— Tame, $1.25 each. Chickens — f 1 Oi' 75 cents eucli. Ghbsu— Tiime, 25 cants 'f tb. Coal Oii.— S2 ■(« tin ; '^ case, $3.75. (tYSTKUs — 75 cents %< (|nart: canned, 37A cents IP can. Hay— .>s;12 rr^$15'^ton. 9 Oats- 1;{ cents Ipth. MinDMN'Cis — Ij cents Tr^ tt). fJuAN— 1 cent t' U). Kii'rEuioi) SATiMON — 12J cents 1*^ tti. At New Westminster prices arc about the same. These two places ;m«l Nanaimo being the cliief ports of entry, all articles of foreign producjtiou necessarily tend to- l)Ocomo dearer in proportion to the distance of places from tliem, but, in tiie interior, meat is generally cheai>er than on the seaboard. CLOT lima. Tt is unnecessary to bring much clothing to the province, as extra luggage is trouhJesome and expensiv:-. on tlic railway, and j)rices of <.lothing (whicli largely comes froux Eastern < "aiiada, free of duty), is only about 10 or 12 per cent, more than in England or (/ajiadu. ^ FUENITUEE, BEDDING, AND UPIIOLSTI^^RV Need not b(; brought. Furniture and bedding are made in the province at prices which prevent importations, say : — Chairs, frtmi 00 cents to $1.25 each, &c. Bedsteads, $2.50. $i, $0, $8, &c. Tables, $1 .50 up. Extra dinner tallies, from $S up. Mattresses, from $1.50 up to $30, according to qualitv. Car^jets, tai)estry, from 50 cents to $1 [)er wrd ; Brussels, from $1 to $1.75 per yard> Bed-ioom sets, $20, $35, &c. HOUSING. Material for brick and stone houses plentiful. (32s. to 40s. English) ])er thousano at the kiln. Bricks, at Victoria, cost $8 to $10 LUMBEK. EA)Ugli lumber has been sold at the mills at about $10 a thousand for many years,, but the price for local sui)plies has risen lately. The {)i(^sont prices, at Victoria, are as follows : — Rough lumber $12 . 00 ] Dressed, tongued and grooved . . 22.00 '„ ., i r ^ / i -.o- i Dressed on both si< les 27 . 50 '- ^ «*• "lO'i^^nd feet (each 12 inches Cedar Imnber 17.50 j square and 1 mch thick). Cedar, dressed 50. 00 j Shingles, iK>rthousand in number 3.00 At New Westminster, ilie i)re8ent pric<.\s are less than tlie above. wm 17 Tlio coHt of aliouso .leiKiiuls, of courso, on size, material, and f^nishiiie. l-^our- roomod Hiibstautia] cottage, say $500 (£100 English). R(tnt8 of ((jltages and small hoviBeH vary from $10 (£2- English) to $25 (£5 English) per month. Opijortunities are tretinently available to workmen for pnrcl.u.sinf,' a building lot and erectiiij' a <;ottagcs to bo paid for by easy instalmonls. in tlie country, reiits are lower (but few houses lo be let). For tcn'porary acconinuKlation, men olUmpiit up one-roomed houses. Country settlers, not near sawmills, .-an get logs, but there are accessible .sawmills m most of the .settled districts. \ FUEL. No difhculty al)ont fuel. Wood is the c;ommon fuel, and farmers g(;ncrally hive a i)lentiful supijly on their land. The [>rice in the Boaboard towns, and also at Yale ranges Irom fA to $4 (I'Js. to I'Js. iMiglisb) jxt " (!urd " of iir lire-wood delivered. \ lord IS 8 loot long, 4 feet high, and 4 feet brr.ad. The wood mustbo out, alter delivery ■nt(. suitable lengths for household use. This will cost about SI .50 (6s. Entrlish) per oord, buliaany householders themselves cut it. « /i In the Mainland iiiteri(-r, wood fuel, if purchased, is cWwr, but the nulwav will tend to e;7.50 to Ss ciOs toS'^s English) ix^r tun of 2,000 tt. 8. ' . - ,■ k ■ o.-,. PKICES OF KAKMlNd IMPLI'IMEISTTS, .tc. IN VICTORIA.. Thrashing Machines i45Q („ ss.">o Reapars : 'l 45 FoMXrfS-, '■■■'■'■'. m K 100 Self-lhnders 275 f", 320 ^joiiiihs , , 20 ('< 40 Harrows 20 f--, :55 Waggons, complete, witli bo.x and seat no (,,> 130 Do. \\ith brake 125 (r A 140 ^Do. running gear only 90 ( <; l 62.] <>ats, do 150 {Parley, rough, Y *'vvt 1 ;>7| I'eas, do 200" Hay, 'f ton H OO C-, 14 00 limothy Seed, do U 00 fa m 00 To'thjes, do j 0(1 nutter, T;» tt) 28 c;, -o Chcxjse, Provincial. J' \h lO Eggs, fresh Island, "p* dozen •_>5 („ ;;;, Eggs, Oregon, tie 25 Heef, dresseel, >^ cwt 7 00 Beef «in foot, do. gross 4 -V) ^J'«oi'. " do ;i 50 (iA 5 50 Mutton, dressed do ... 12 50 Lambs, each .", 00 0, 4 on 18 IVs .10 fS- 7 50 Veul, " do 7 00 r^ 8 00 Hides, gieon, do •! 00 (". S 00 Eidos,drv, do. 11 00 («! 15 00 Chickens', T dozen 5 00 (?r\ 7'50 Ducks, wild, TP down ') 00 fi, (} (K) Ducks, tame, do 00 r«} 12 0(J Turkeve, dressed, ^tt) 30 Turkev.s, live do 17 @ 20 (ToeHe;each 1 50 («; 3 00 CLIMATE. (')ne of the <:reate,st attraction?! of the province is its climate. It may be remarked, in the tirst place, tliut Die climate of British Coluniliia inj,'eneral, thouj^ii tho occurrence •of high vaujras of mountains ha.s its ordinary effect upon the climate of particular dis- tricts, is much nioH! tetniK;rate iliau the climate of any part i(;y Arctic current Hows almm the British Columbia coa.st, as it do(\s. with cliilliufj: eft'ect, past Labrador on the east of the Continent. The Rocky Momitains, in I'ritish ( !olumbia, trending north-westerly, keep oti' tlie <:(lage of plants is found as may he seen in many parts of eastern Canada, though niingied with unfami- liar RtiaggU^rs. This last named flora ap]»ears to run completely aiioss the Continent north of the great plains, and characterises a region with mtKlerately heavy rainfalls, summers not exce.ss^ively warm, and eohl winters. T!ie arctic; or alpine flora is that oi the higher summits of the coast, Selkirk, Itocky, and other mountain ranges of Kritish Columbia, where snow lies late in the summer. The above are the several varieties of the British Colmnl»ian climate. In Vancouver Island the climate is as mild and e()uable as that of (ireat Britain and very like it in many respects. The winter Aveather, in ordinary .seasons, is much the same as in the west of Eng- land; in the severer and exceptional seasons, it is hko tlu' winter weatlier of the Mid- land i'ounties of England, and of the east coast of Scotland. The spring is somewhat lat^r and colder than in England; the summer drier, the sun more powtM'ful, thougli the average m lan tomptjrature is about tho same. What strikes an Englishman most abotit the climate of the above port.ions <)f the coast is its .^erenitv, flu* absence of the biting east wmds, and tlie less need than in England of an umbreila during the spring, •ath(\r here docs not tend to depress the spirits as it tkxiS in England. The invigoratinir (luality of the climate renuiins throughout the year. , His Excellency the Marquis of Ijorne, who visited the province, with his wife, Her Royal Highness the IVincess iiouise, in 1SH2, and travelled in the interior, sis well as along the sea-coast, remaining until the 0th Dec(Mnber. desi'fiV)ed the climat;* an fol- lows, in a sjMjech at Victoria :~ 19 , . " No wonls nan bo too stron}:; to express tlie cliarm of tliiy (ieliirlitfnl UukJ, where the^ " climate, .softer atal more const ant than tluit of the .s(juth of England, onisnres, ".t all " limes of the year, a full enjoyment of the wonderful loveliness of nature around yon. " Ajj;reeable as T tliink tli<; steady and dry eold ol'aueaHtera winter i.s,yetthere are " very many who would nndou])t(fdl3' prefer the teuijxirature enjoyeri by tiio,se who " live west of the niountainH. Kveu where it is} eulde.st.,.sprinj;eoiue8 in 1 el)ruary, anfl " the country is so divided into district.s of greater dryness or irroatxir moisture that a " man may always cho se whether to ha\e a rainfall 8n)all or great." The above remarks, dest^rif^tive of the coast climate in general, apply to tlio nniin land coast 0])posite to Vancou\rature of the Lower Eraser Valley (New Westminster IMstrict), on the mainland opposite to Nan- con er Ishmd, is higher thaiv in Vancouver Island, and it is notaflectoc: by the coM and cliilling winds that occasionally blow over ihe southern ptirtion of tho Island Iro m the snowy' |K*aks of the; (Jlynipian rangt- in American torritst winters ice forms for a short time in the Fraser river. Commonly snow begins in .lanuary and goes ni March, without tying continuously. The climate of the interior of the mainland, more particularly of the southern pf>rtion of the interior plateau is, as has been said, very difl'trcnt from that of the coast. The air in the interior is drier owing to the ])recii)i(ation IVom tho i>revalent moisture-bearing south-westerly winds whi<;h occurs at these mountain ranges. The (liaracteristic coast plants give place gradually, 80 or 40 miles above Yal»), to those requiring less moisture. The trees are diirerent, less in size and scattered. The cUmate of this interior part of the jn-ovince varies of course wit)\ the irregular surface ot the country, but as comi>ared generally with that of tlu; coast, it may be described as a climate of extremes. The mean annual temjKn'ature of tiie southern j)an of the interior diU'ers little from that of the coast region, but a great('r difference is observed between tlx' mean summer and winter temi)eraturcs, and a still greater eontrastwlifu the extrenies of heat and cold are comi)ared. The ])eculiar dry ciimaU^ of th(i s< mt 1 lern interior of the i)rovince is most observable on the plateau alrcatly mentioned, bin it may be said to extend e:'sterly to tlie Kocky Mountains with many kn^al modifications of rainfall, snowfall, and coldness caused by irregularities* ot the surface and varying altitudes. It giA'es visr. to the cf'lel>iati'd hunclx gra.ss stock region of Tlie intiU'ior. The climate ra>)ly. Th( cultivable land is chioHy that which is covered with drift deposits of clay and sand, and lies at iii> great clcAatio * aboxc tlie sea. The sandy gravels prevail on tho liigher leviils, and produce large tindx^r and coarse grass. Tli(? day occurs generally as a rettuitive subsoil on the ojx^ii undulating grounds, and in liollows and swampy Imttonis. (Jver these sands, gravels, and clays, sometimes graduating downwards to thimj, elsewhere separated by a rather sharp line from them, there ii^ foiuid, for the most part, a browaish-l)lack surface soil two feet to four feet in thi'- ■ ^' -:-:---' *■■ <• *->' i>:-' ' ("ANA DEAN" PACIFIC KAILWAY. The last link of this great work is rapidly apjnoa* hing completion in Bi'itish ■Colunvhia, and it is anticipated the road will be ojten for through trallic early in 1886. It has been det^ermined imnu'diat«dy to ext(>nd tin; i-ailwuy to the terminal city of *' Vancouver,"' on < "oal Jlarl)our and English Haj • -Arrangements have also been made for connecting the city of New WestuiinsU'.r with tlie railway .—both of wliich •works are to be completed in 1886. EAILWAY LAND (lEANT ON THI-: EAST (JOAST OF VANCOrVKR JSLANh. Tn order to assist in the itonstruction of the Esquimault anil 'vanainio Railway, a grant has been inaad of Saauich inlet, to Muir Oeek on the Straits of Fuca; on tho West by a straight line drawn from Muir ( Jeekto <^rown Motuitain ; on the North by a straight Hue drawn from Trown ^Mountain to Seymour Narrows ; and on the East by tho coast liiu> of Vancouver Island to the point of commencement, and including ail coal, coal oil, ores, stones, clay, marble, slate, mines, minerals, and substaiu'es. There is excepted out of theabo\e tract the p(i acres lo each such actual iiottler. The. island railway syndicate are iiow em]>loyiug (.\ugust 1885) nearly 4,000 men. ^lon.) than ob miles out of the 7& are ready for tracklaying, which is being vigourously prosecuted. It is expected that tho line will be completed for traffic and op(nied about next midbunnner. Graving tiock at Esiiuinmult, three miles from Victoria, one of the largest in the world, is also approaching completion. About 300 men are steadily employed on this ■work. NEW WESTMINSTKll DliSTRICT. The rich valley of the Lower Eraser, or New Westminster District, is the largest «onLipa('t agricultural district in the province. It is ou the mainland shore, opposite the 21 ^ Sofitli-Kustorn portiou of Vancouver Island. The surface of tlio whole valley is low, little abovo tbo «oa level. The New Westminster district is the only largo raiuss of ehoito agricultural land, anywhere on tho mainland of the North Ir'acifii; slope, that lies actually ujkju the (M'can with a siiippuifj; pmt in its midst. X navi«rablo river cuts it through, which is sheltered atits niduth. I'iio Canadian Pacific llailwuy, as already 8aid, runs fchroufih 'he'district. Tho river is full of sahnou and other food tish, amrthe district abounds' with game. The climate, though somewhat humid in parts, has neither the wetness of Westarts, and also light sandy loams — tho latter chiefly up river. These soils are almost nniforndy fertile, though some of them, no doubt, would be more easily exhausted than others. The finest crops may be seen in all of the district. The delta lands and the elay loams can hardly be (K)ualled for strength and rich- Tiess. Very great yields are realized with comparatively careless cultivation. Fruit grows well. ., TNTKRTOR OF MAINLA^ND. The surface^ of the bnnt-h grass region of the interior is a combination of long narrov/ riv(;r-valleys, witli teruices, knolls, hills, ..uid slopes, ri.-^iiig to mountains of consider- able altitude. Tlu^ undulating surface and the rolling, lightly wooded lulls, crossing and recrossing, mak(^ it a pictiires<]tie region. The valleys ai'e in general narrow, with hero ai\fl there low flats. ])ack from tho rivers are the benches or torraces, and numerou.-^ hills of all sizes rishig above the extensive slopes. Scattered over these here and there, loving apparently the gravelly opens, and so far a[)art as in no way to iuterfero with the free travel in all directions, is the f>eculiar tree of the district, commonly called red pine <^Pinus Ponderom) — a tree well known to botanists, and which it is needle.ss hero to describe. Over very considerable areas, far exceeding in the aggregate the arable areiLs of the coast region, tho interior is, in parts, a farming country up to 2,500 or 3,000 feet, so far as the soil is concerned, and the soil has beea ]irovc,a to bo as fertile as the best on the <'oast. Tho clinuite, however, is so dry in the summer, that irrigation is uec(!ssary. i'ultivation is restricted, as a rule, to the valleys and terraces. The soils Cv)nsist commonly of mixtuies of clay and sand, varying with the character of the local formation, and of whit(^ silty deiAisits. They everywhere yield extraordinary croj« of all tho cereals, vegotablps, autl )-oot.s, when favourably situated. The. climate is much hotter in MUnrner than the climate of the coast region. Tomatoes, melons, and ely wooded witii western serub nine and other trees. Until mueh of the timber -is cliared o/l, the climate miiy not be found entirely .suitalde for arable purposes. Uwin^ to its difstance at i)re.senl from commnnifations, this re).'iou is not likely to be occupied for tliese purposes soon. Tlio prevailinjj grasses are not of the buneh- ^rass species, l)ut, chiefly, red top and blue joint, with i»ea-vino on the slopes of hills having a southern as])ect. JCa^t of the I{oci pror. l)a\v.son said ;—" I do not know that any precifjO estimate has been made of the farmiu<^ Uuu' about the -^Htnary of the Fraser, but there is a yreat d«iai of (lal land there, partly prairie land which has to bo dyked to preveit the overflows of tho river, and make it uHoful for ai^riculture. In 1877, Mr. Dev.dney informed :ne that about l(H),()n() aires had already been survoy- nd into townships, of which he estimated a!)Out J;y),000 as jirairie or lig;htly woixled. 'I'o this may be added 1(),()()0 ff) 15,000 acres, n^presenting good land near tlie Fraaer, between Chillinohack and noi)e. I included the Kooteniiy and Gkanaiiau country in tho general estimate for the southern interior. There is a beautiful tra(t on Okanagan fjake, about tlio Mission, whi(;li is already pretty thii'kly settled, and has many good larm.s. Then, on the Spalh.mslieen, l)et\v(!en Okanagan and Siiuswap Lake, there is much fine 'and in a very w ide valley, and irrigation hero is not ner.'>sary. It is easily accessible by vater from KamloopsV' . i^^ > Dr. Dawson said in this cotinerlion that the farm and stoclc-raising (capabilities of these localities had been very little, develoj.'ed, owing ti- ,ts being aluiost impoh-sible to take [trodueo to market, but s.ll that would be changed ou the Completion of the Canadian Pacilic Railway, lie added : — " I cannot speak too highly of the grasses and ;,'razing land of tho southern part of British (.'olundiia. They are not excelk^d if they are even equalled by any grazing lani) I know.'' He further exj^lained that- horse and cattle could bo driven across tho passes of the niouniains into the North-West Territory. With regard to the northern portions of'the province. Dr. Dawson stat'vl: — "' in thi- northern part of t.ie interior plateau, there is another extensive low country, which 1 have estimated the area of at about 1,230 square miles. The soil of this is almost unifonnly good; but, being to a great extent povered with trees, it cannot be utilised so readily for agricultural purposes, and it lies besides, oil" the proposed route of the railway, and \h not likely to bi> opened up for some time. Still it is a country which 1 have every reason to belun-e will be eventually ocmpied by an agricultural population. It lie.s cluefly north of the 51st parahel, and west of the Fraser River in the basin of the Keehacco and its tributaries. The coast region is, of course, not liable to any of those (liihculties of r at the present time, and comparatively sma 1 iiumber of i)eople in the country, it is not yet economicallv advantageous to clear thesa forests or brinir the.se lands iinde'' cultiva- tion." " On the Ciueen Charlotte Islands there are some 700,000 acres (^f low land on the north-east coast, a great part of whicli may eventually be brought under tillage, but it is also covered densely wiih forests at prt\sent, of very line trees, and its immediate value is a timber i)roducing region. "At the month of the Fraser River the flat land probaldy amounts to nmre than the wlK)le in the Island f)f ^'ancouver, ;;ud some of it is of very excellent ipiahty. Generally, the soils of Lritish Columbia, m here they are cultivated at all, are exceed- ingly fertile, and the cro^Kj produced on the mainiand and on Vancouver Island are very large. Wiieat, as an example, averages SO to 40 bushels an acre on land at all well cultivated." 24 PEACE KIVER DISTRKTr OF BRITI8!I COLUMBIA- IMPORTANCE. -ITS (I RE AT Tliero is a consuleniblo jv>rti')ii of what may Ije terniod the at^rimilliiral iautl (if British Columbia, lyinjjj oast of tho Rocky Mountains, which i,s flcscrilKMl with forco and clearness in tlio evidcnco of Dr. Dawson, and tharoforo his words aro uiraiii (juotod: — "'J ho eastern boundary of British Coiiuuhia fullow*! on tho 120th moriiliait from the (iOth parallel southwanl till that meriritish Columbia tiiu.s lies oast of the Ilocky Mountains.. The part of the Peace River basin that is of considerable atiricultur. I value, and is included in British Cnlumbia, I estimattid at between 5,0()0 and 0,000 wquiire miles." "Tho part of the Peace Ri\er coimtry," Dr. Dawson (Continued, "of whi( li 1 aio able, from fxirsonal know ledjio to speak, is that Ivinj^ soutli of the r>7th |)arallel of latitude and reuihin;^ to the Athabas(!a River, and has an approxiniato area of LU,5r).s square mi kw. The I'eace River country, I should stat(\ is naturally ineparated fron\ the Upper (Saskatchewan country by a band of poor land alon^' thi; Athabasca. Tho average elevation ox this region is about 2,000 feet a!>ove the sea, or u little more than that. Tiiesoil is a very iine sill, which, where it is best, very much resembles that of the Red Rive;' valley, and is quite different frum most of tho aoil intervening lietween tho Red River and the I'eaco River ct^untry. The fertility of the noil, owing to the small att(>nijits yet made at cultivation in that district, is chitMly evidenced by theextraonlinary luxuriance of the natural vegetation found upon it. In general the Peace River cuntry south of the 57tii jmrallel. I do not refer to that to the north, bet;auso I luive never been there myself and could only speak of it from report. To give some idea <^f the value of tho region as an agricultural oovintry, taking the area I have giv(Mt, and supposing as a measunj of its capacity — merely, of c(jurse, as an empirical su])pnsition f(jr the ptirpose of esti- mating its value — that the whole were sown in wheat, at twenty bushels to tho acre, it would ])roduce o\cr 470,000,000 bushels ef wheat annually. I believe that the whole of tins area will eventually be cultivated. I am not (piite sure that over every part of it w heat ^\ ill rijxm aiid be a sure croj), but as far as wo can Judge of tho climate, it is as g. »)d us, or belter thanthatof Edmonton on the Saskatchewan River; and where wheat has l)ei>.n tried in the Peace lUver district, as a matter of fact, it succeeds, as well as othe\- crops, such as oats and barley. AVe have, therefore, every reason to })eli(ne that over the greater jiart of this ;5rea wheat will be a satisfactory and sure c.iop. If only th(^ estimated prairie area be taken as immediatelv susceptible of cultivation, its jie'ld, at the rate above estimated, would be 38,400,000 bushels." Dr. ])awson slated that summer frosts, which sometimes occur in this region., were not sulhciently intense to ])revent tho ripening of wheat and other grains. This he said was a fact a\ it bin his own knowledge. He was asked whetherthe seasoii in which ho was there was not more favourable than tisual ; on' the contrary, hcrsaid, it wa.s an lumsually se\ere season, but yet tho frost did not alTect the wheat "crop. Tie added : — " 1 collected excellent siieoimens of wheat Irom tho Hudstju's Bay Post. Tn fact, the crops this year were later than usual, on account of a i^eriod of wet weather jiist before harvest, which delayed the ripening of the grain." He further .stated that '"wheat thrives at Lesser Slave Lake Post I saw barley t 25 . rijie, with lino lieads, jjrowu l>y tho (^.Ve<< Indians ut Stur^m)ii Ijako, on tlio plateau, aiul at Fort Hi. .lohn further up tho l'eai;e River and considerably near«r tho iiniuntain.s. liarley antl oats an; known to havo boon rpti on August 12tli in 1H7.'>, thfju^^h at tho same place in 1.S7!» wlioat, was u f'ailun>. Foit St, .John is near tho wostorn t'duro of th« ountry I conisidor'of aj^ricnltnral value. Of ;(>urs(), it is vory deeirahlo to liavofurthor •xporinionts in a low chosen loiulities — ehosoi. a.s beint; tho most unfavoui able — toahow iho best and worst tliat can be said of thoooii'itry." Tho very ^.'roat importance of tho facts stilted by Dr. Dawson can hcarcoly bo ovor- istirnatoil in reiat ion to tho tradt* and aettlomeat bt)th of liritish ( olumbia and tlioso of iho Dominion at large- Tho ovidonco of IVof. Macoun, the botanist of tho I'acific Railway survey, is pre- cisely to the sam(» eiiect as that of Dr. Dawson wii'i legarl to tlieagrionlturarcapabili- tios of UritislrC'olnmbia, if his testimony bo n<>t, in fact, evon warmer in its estimation, lit* says, "1 consider Jic^arly all tlie I'oaco Kivur section Oncluding tho portion in British Columbia) to ho well suited for raising cereals of all.kinds, and two-tl:ini« of it fit for wlieat. Tho soil is as good as in any part of JNTaintoim, ami the chmato if any- thing milder." "All my ob.servalions tende«l to show that tho wholo r(>aco Rivor country was just as capable of successftd settlement as Manitoba. The soil seemed to be richer — tJK! country contains more wood — tlitiro an* no sahuo marshes or lakes — tho water is all good — there are no summer frosls-tliu .si>ring is just as eiirly and the winter sets in no sooner." " British Columbia is tlio garden of tho DomiuioJi." " Tlie soil in the valleys (of British ( "olurabiu) is almu/n good" PROVINCIAL (GOVERNMENT LANDS. CroMU lands in British Columbia are classified as either surveyed or unsurveyed lands, and may 1)0 acquired either by record and pre-emption, or l)y j»urcluuse. ' rRE-KMPTIONS. Tho following persons niay record or pre-empt Crown lands, viz. ; Any person being tho head of a family, a widow, or a single man over 18 years of age, being a British subject, may record pui\eyed or nnsiirveyed Crown lands which are unotvupied, or unreserved, and unrccoided. Aliens may also record such surveyed or nnsun-eyed lands, on making a declara- tion of intention to become a Bi itish suliject. I'ho quantity of land which may bo recorded i^r pre-emi>te.d is not to excised 'MIO acres northward and eastward of tho Cascade or Coast Moimtains, or 100 acres in tlie rest of tlie province. No person can hold mrire than or.o pre-emption clnivn at a tirae. Prior record or pre-emption of one c'.aim, and .■ill rights under it, are forrenod-iiy subsequent record or pro-emption of another claim. Land reconled or pre-empted cannot be transferred or conveyed till aftt^ir a Crown grant has been issued. Such land, until theOown grant is i.ssued. is held by occupation. Such occupation must be a liona lido iK>rsonal i-osidence of the settler or homestead settler, or his family ■ or agent. Indians or Chinese cannot be agetus. The settler nuist enter into occui>ation of the land within thirty days after recording, and must continue to occupy it. Ccmtinnous at)sence for a longer period than two nmnths consecutively, of the settler or homestead .settlor, and his :igent or family, is deemed tessation of ocoupaiion ; but loa\5e of abs(!nco may be granted not exceeding four montlis in any one year, inclusive of the two monthn" absence. Land is considered abandoned '"f unoccupietl for mort^ than four months. in tho aggregate in one year, or for more thjin two months consecutively. If so abandoned, the land becomes waste land of the Crown, without any cancella- tion of the lecord. The fee on recording is two dollars. ' • The settler may either havo the land surveyed at his own instance, (subject to recti- fication of boundaries), or wait till tho Chief Conmiissioner causes it to be surveyed- After survey has been made, uytoii proof, by declaration in writing of himself anvl II 20 I two othor pt'THonH, of (icciiputiun froin «lato of prf-pniptloii, mul of liuviii^ mado ])crma* neiit iniprovfinents on tho laml 1o tlir acre", the Hottler, ni-einf»tioii,niid each other in.stalinont yoarly thnreaficr, until tho full iiruount is pai ton of merehantablo coal raised or i,'ottt)n from the liiud, notincludintr dross or fine slack. No Crown ^rrant can be issned to an alien who tuny have recoriled or pi< -< rnnted by virtue of his declaring his intention to become a British snbject, nnless be tuis be(iOine iiatiiralized. The heirs or devisees of the homestead settler are, if resident in the province, entitled to the ( 'rown urant, on his decease. If they are absent from the province at the time of his death, tho Clrtef Commi.s- sioner may dispo.se (»f th(^ pre-emption, and make such provision for tho j)erson entitled thereto, as In; may deem jusL , PliK-KMPTIONS FOR PARTNERSHIP iH^RPOfSES. Partners', not excet^dinjst four, may pre-empt, as a firm, KiO a(;res, west of the Cas- car jicn*. Siirv(\vt){l Ininl.s i>iinh(i.siMl iiiidcr llio jirovi.sions of this section iiiUHt Im paiil l.r i'l hill at tiif tiiuii t;f tlio l^ur^•llUW(^ tliureof. SALE OF rj^SUKVEYKI* LANDS. Tl'.c ftpplicHiit to pnrcliaf-** uimiirvoyofl Crown iaiuls, aiiiT ^takiuK, jHistin^j, t<:o., imiHt uive t\No iui)ntlis*^noti('o of liis inttTidtvl application intlif Uovenunonl (.iawMtc, ihd in any lunvspiiiiT cinMiiatinir in tlic diMtrict vvluire tlio land Ih silnalo. ll(^ nin.st uLso have tlu* land ^Ilrv»lyl"l at liis «'\vii <'XjH'n«t', liy u »iirvcyor ai)j>rovod tiT and actin;^ under tlio insttuctidnN of tiic ('l,u\{ ('(.niinis.sioufM-. The [)rice Im fwo dollars andjijlij ciiilx jier aero, In he paid us follows: —10 {k.''- cent. ill tho time of appli(!ation, and 90 tM^r cent, on couiplction and af(;t>j>tan<'e of Hurvey. Tho 'inantity of land nm.'st ho not Ics.i than ItiO acres, nor njoro than fUO neroM. The ])nrcluwe must be compleud within six months ironi date of application. '8es, tho required iT RAILWAY LANDS ALONG THE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY WFTHIN BRITISH COLUMBIA. ., Tliis land grant begin.sat the sea board, runs through the New Westminsti-rdistrict ^nd up the Eraser va Iky to Lytton; thence it run.s up the Thompson Ri^'r valley past Kamloops and through Eagle Pas-i across the northern part of Kootenay district lo the eastern frontier of British '''olund)ia. The Dominion Government luus agreed with the Frovincial Governn)ent that the land in this tract shall, with alhconvenlent sjjeed. be offered for sale on liberal terms to actual settlers. Homestead entries for surveyed agricultural landa will be granted on the esusy terms of the " I)t*iniinion Lands? Act, 18B"3,'' but not for timber or hay lands, or lands containing minerals or trood building material, or wbi(;b may he leijuired fur railwav or general pu'olic. pur- poses. Tlie privilege of pre-empting land adjoining laud held by Homestead Right will not be granted. •n \ 28 FOREST 'I'lMllvS. TJiore is no want nf trees imywli«5re in Hritisli (?i)lunihiu lor tlio iwo of tho Htfttlor. the miiiHr, and for Ux'ul i)uriK»H«!H «on«'nilly,tlinu^'li tl»n iirii;i Kivcr. Kiujl'- mitni'it Sfinu'i — (iastorn piiit of jirovin to ho. of mu'ii use. lit'd I'lnt , { Ydlow I'iucuT I'ltch J*ini), a variety of tlie heavy y< llow pino of California and On^-jion ; very hamlHoniu; 4 foet. diainoter; <'oninion in drier i)arts of interior. 117/(7/ J'lni- (^h>nnlain Tini'), Cohinihla rejiioii— Shuswap and Adanm' Ivulvoa — alho interior of Vuiii'onv«*r Island. White'lunhtii IHnr, suiall. WchUtii (fdnr {G'mnt Qhliir or J!eil O'dur), wood pah>, yello^vi^silor reddish colour; very diual»lo; often found 100 to ioO rot hij::!'., and 10 ft'el tld<'l<, Yillov' OjprinH [ ]'(llnn> ( '■■dar), niainlmid coaHt, Yan(U)nver and <.^n«en Charlotte l.slands. Wen- tirn J.arrh {Taiii'tr(ic),li()rky Alonntains, Sc^lkiiU and <.iold ran;^eH, \vt\st to^hnswup Jial<(! ; larjit* tree, vieidintt a stronfjr, ooar.sn, durabio wood. Mnplf, valuahio liardw . lod ; Vancouver and adjacent islands, (^loenCliarlotto Island and tlu; Mainland coaHt, npto hb", attains a dianieti^Mtf 4 feet. Viih- Maple, very stronj;, tou;,'h white wood ; coiitiued to coast, )'( I/', N'ancouver and op|)osilo mainland sliores; very toujih and iiard, and of n l)eautifulvoS(^ colour. Vrith-applc, alon(j;all the coasts; wood v/tv hard; takes v^iodpol is! i and withstands frreat wear. Alder, two feet thick, on tho liowcr Traser, and alou<', coast; uood furnituro Avood. \Vtntem liirch (Paper or C/tnot; ii/rcA), (,'oluinhia nvj;ion, Upper I'raeer, I'/'aco River; rantreand valnojiot much known. 0/f A, Vancouvor Island; 70 feet in height, '\ feet in ilianie.ter. Thxjuond, N'ancouver and coast (ipposil(\ Arbutus, close grained, heavy, reseniulin;.' box ; reaches .")() fcot in height, ai: 1 L'(> inc^hcs in dia- meter; found on Vancouver and neighlionring islands. Axpen Po/>/((/', abounds o\ur the wholo int(!rior, reaching a thickness of two feet. Three other varieties of jmplars an; found, ( onmionly included tuider the name of (Jotlirinroud. One does not extrior. Moimlahi Anh, in the interior. Janiper [Jied Vnlar or I'eiicU ( 'idcr), east coast of Vancouver, and along the shores of Kaniloojts and other lakes in interior. The economic value of all these trees is, as yet, inijHirfect ly known. Tho large .saw- mills on the coast cut the Douglas spruce largely for the markets of Australia, South America, ( 'hina, iVc. Jt will be sent Ijy railway froii. he ( "olumljia lJiv(s, ties, and strong v\ork gojierally, and for shipbuilding. Its length, straightness and strength esi)eciany lit it forniast^s and spars. Masts spjf'ially ordered have lieen shipj«d, 130 feet long and 42 inche.s, fKitagonally hewn. Tho section of a Brit-'sh Columbia Douglas spruge in the grounds of^tho Parliament Buildings, Ottawa, is 8 foet 4 inches in diameter. The tree was .'-»05 feot high. The tal' llag-pole in the Botiuiical garddiis, Kew, near London, Eng- land, is a young Douglas spruce. The White Pine of llritish Columhia is of similar qv.ality to the White Pine of East- ern Canada. The Red Pine (Yellow or Pitch I'ine), — J'inufi' Poiulenmi, — is a large tree that makes good lumber. The same may be said of .he Western Larch or Tamarac, whicii, together with the above named trtes an-I Cedf.r, is very abundant in the soTith- eastern part of the i)rovinoe. The great stores of forept wealth of British Columbia mu»»t 29 u llii< iifiir fiilnro loa/l In llm oixiiiiij: up dt' imliiNtrns jiikI aK''''ii' tniilii. Tint f«>titre(« •or (fX|)<)rt will ln! uiM>a tli»' roaM* i wh^•r^^ lur^v riiills iilntody oxihi) amlori tlio( 'olutuMa. l;i\(wii lamls. A tlmln'r lucMMt! may In- ;/iaiittM| for I, (M'(» acres loi lour y»\ar»< III piiyinont oC $10 ummallj , inul ir. reiitH lori>ii(ii tri'i!(,nxifpl lu'uiloc-k> I'elU'd, j)iiyal)l(» lialf yearly. No pcrMoiican holtl Moru than oiu* lifoiiMoat tlio .sanio tiiiiM, aiul it is not ".'itisff'raMc. Millouiiurs caiinol huw lo'/s takoii IVoia Crown hiri'ls (m which am ncludi'd lands U».'istMl at loss than ton cunts an aero) until tliu timtiur dues of iwujity cull* jMir thousand foot hoard moasuru aro paiil. Tlie wholo of tho aoas, ^ulff^, hay diu'ious nuinlHUsof fiiuUVMHl-liHheM. iluanlitioH of cod, inchidinj; tho con : halibut, sardines, siiiolt, and th(» doh I < coed in f,' l,(warni with pro- IJoMiiioMstahnon anu.4 candle-fish or oolachan. ytnrye-on, somettmos and at tlio <'nfrance of rivois, also in tlie.ii u;ii)er I') coast abounds with oy.slois, a vory laiyo and lid other tiliell-lish, \Hi.mL rt'lnrn of statixtl"- rclatinq to the Finlurien nf IlriUsh C'oliinMit for the iitiiT 1883. Total value of yiel.i, un in^r reuirii list $l,()(i;{,145 4l' Estimated conHumption by Indian pojuilation, as per coniputa- tii)!! previously suppliod 4,885,000 00 Total .^(i,488,145 4l' Valuation « if vessels en>;a^j;cd in th(5 tisheries, last years, nets, Ac. $2o.').-45 00 Valuation of cannoried, oil staiions, and other [dant 515,245 00 Total $768,245 0f>. I'aiyajjod ill ilio fislicriew lastyoari- Sailort 70 • ■ Fishernion 2,6381 9()'U Native 1 unite rs with sealing fleet 2% J "'"^ Shoremen.... 2,13<) / Total 5,140 The fish which aro at present most important in British ;{)eciuliy superior. Tlie averaice iiuality is abotu the same. Tlio trade hitherto has been in canned and salted sulraon, but fresh salmon, frozen, have been soint, by way of trial, to Eastern ("auadian markets, and .no tloubt exists that tliis will gntw to an imnieuso trade, i.i other fish as well, as soon as tho('anadian Paoifie Kiiihvay is finished. The oolachan is a valnablo delicate fisli about seven or ei^rlit inches lontr, which •comes to the siiore in spring. It enters Fraser Kivor in May in great numbers. Fartlier north it is fatter. It is extremely oily and is caught by the natives in grtiiil. numbers, wlio extrat:t thn oil and uso it for food grease, as some triboo do whale oii. These fish an\ also , and geese abound, with the common deer; or, if le loves hard sfiort, the mountain goJit, mountain sheep, cariboo, American el)t, and bears, both black and griz>,ly, will try his endurance and prowess. The fur-rH;arimr animals of ihe zone are nunumjuis. An ex|)erienced trapper can maive good wag"S in many parts of the province. P^xcellent antrhng streams abound. In the lakes, as «ibf)ve said, sturgeon, white-fish, and many varieties of trout and {lorch, mav be <;aught. PUBLIC SCHOOLS. The Public Schools amin the hands of the iieople— free to all, without distinction of race or creed— strictly non-sectarian— highest morality inculcated— no religious •dogmas or creeds taught— uniform text-books— Public School Fund voted every year by the Provincial Assembly— School vote, 1885, over l?102,45(>— a Sui^erintendent of Education, who visits and inspects— School Distiicts where thsre are 1 > pupils between 5 and 15 years--tho jieople choose every year from among themselves three School Trustees or six in cities, to manage schools— Female ^ulfrago in the election of Trustees — rrustees get mone^ from " Public School Fund," on application endorsfMl bv Super- intendent of Eduction— Teachers, tluve crades— appointed or removed bv Trus.tow: —must ha ,e eertiucatos of qualification from tlie Departn^mt of Education. ill') settler will well know how to estimate tlie capabiliti(« of tiiis sehooi svstem. there are excellent Hiirh Schools at Victoria, and New AVesfiiinste .f There are very good church schools an ■Do. ilo. buildinj'.s ami furnitun!. 84,343 00 Total valuation of .school property $104,004 00 There HU". now OS school districts in tho province — sovoral otliers will .«oim be- I'onnod. TIh' tjovenuii'mt shows a deci meet the demands of the ;i>'w settlement.s a.s to schools. ADMIMSTliATroNOlMrsTICK lias alway.s Ixhmi Avholesomo. Life, limb, and i)roperty are secured by just laws, wrM ,r,;'r't(dout. The lars^e intiux hiu^ly of railway workoienof all nationalities has merely necessitated the employment of a few additional eonstal)lcs. Tho San I'rancisc'o California) " Bulletin," says : — " It i.s well that our citizens should noif that oiir ueigh- •' hours in Brif..;li Columbia <\o not deal so leniently with those who take life a.s we (lov " on this side of the border lino." POPULATION A XI » «JITIES. I'he pojailation of the province is aboutSO.OOO. It is !-«^iiiu' rapidly increa-spd. The- rjipital city, Victoria, whidi is picturesquely situated on a lovely iiarl")oiir in ine.sonth- i-ii.'^t of Vancouver Island, ha.s about 11,(J00 inhabitants. It I'.as' line streets, .stone and i'lick buildings, churclie^s schools, and every convciience and reciuirement jxwsessed li\ the cities of other parts, of Canada, or of Eu!.,dand. '1 tie prin(;ipal city on the inain- liind. New Westminster, has nearly 4,0(K), and lias the same advantages for business or private resideni'e, w'th a different but eijually beautiful situation on a ifentle acclivity 111 the right bank of the Eraser Ri\rovince, there being two Catiiolit; dioceses, \vitli' over 30 clergymen, and three Episcopal (or Anglican) dioceses, with about 1:5 clergy- men, disiributed at dilierent places. The Methodist Church of Canada is represented by 20 clergyuien, and the Presbyterian Church by 10, in^ various districts. 'J'lie Hnfonned Epis('0})al and Baptist Cluirclies. also, have i)een I'e-'ently organized for work ill the provin(!e. There are tJuxe branches of the Upper Canada auxiliary of the i^ritish and Eoreign Bible Society. ]10«P1T\L;S, Eix\ In Victoria ih(ire are tiiree liosi'itals, the I'oyalHo.spital.tlu^ French Hosj)ital, and the St. Joseph's Hospital, also an Crplian.s' Ihaue, and several Benevolent SocietiH.s. Nanaimo, New Westminster, Yale, Cariboo, oacli has its hospital. INDIANS. Th© Indians are law-abiding, and are lanrt ]>• (employed \i\ (-almon tisberies and in seal hunting, etc. LOCAL SELF-CO VEKNMENT. ' ThojxHjple of a rural locality with over 30 male residents may be ibrmud int<» i* "Muni(!ipality," and nuiy el(<.ct from among themselves Councillonj and a Warden to> manage all local allairs. ■■■H 32 GOVERNiyiENT. British <'olumiiia enjoys the free, poi>nlar Government which the provinces cT C'anacla possess. I'he Canadian (Tovoriinieut regulates all matters coniu-cted willi trade and navigation, the customs and excise, the administration oijusticc;, nnlitia -.ir.^l defenci , and the ]>ostal service; but the Provincial (Jovcrnment ofBiitish ('olnmli:;i lias control of all local matters. The province is at pn^sent represented in the C'anadijui j)arli anient by tlm^e senators and six members of the House of Commons. Its own legislature consists of a Lieutenant-Governor, appointed by the Governor-General of <'anada, an Executive Council of four members and a Legislative A.sserabiy of twenty- five memlx'is, elected by the people for a term of four years. In pracitice the ExeculiAc Council holds otHce at the will of tho Assembly. There arc thirteen districts i ;; electoral purposes. A short period of residon<;c, with registration, ciualitics voters. BRITISH (COLUMBIA AS A SUMMER RESORT. So much lia« be,on written and printed concerning the beautiful scenery of British Columbia, th's many delightful places^ of summer resort within its li)nit.s, and it- serene, xestful climate, that it is unnecessary to give any further detailed descrii^tifi, in this hand-book. It is suliicient to say that thousanss and accon.- modation will soon make the ])rovince one of tho most famous summer resorts on tho continent. The mildness of the coast climate in winter, also, will be attractive i' many. New ground — a new world almost — will be opened for travel by tho (Janadi: ii Pacific Railway. The invalid, tho tourist, the artist, the sportsman, and Alpine climber will find all that they desire in a <;ountry which, in the wonls of His Excol- lency the Manjuis of Lome, "possesses scenes of such perfect beauty on its forest- " laden coast, in its tran(|uil gulfs, and amid its glorious mountains. 1 would strongly "advise you to cultivate the attractions held out to the travelling public by tlu-. " m.!UBIilN M&. TjtOMAS Connolly, Northumberland House. urvLSTOL .... Mr. J. W: Down, Bath Bridge. IN THP: old PROVINCES OF CANADA. •'TEBEC Mr. L. Stafford, Point Levis, Quel)ec. K)RONTO . . . Mr. J. A. Donaldson, Straoliau Avenue, Toronto, Ontario. OTTAWA. ... TvIr. W. J. Wills, Welliugtou Street, Ottawa, Ontario. ^IONTREAL-Mr. J. J. Daley, Bonaventure Street, Montieal, Province of Quebec. KINGSTON.. Mr. R. IVIacpuehson, William Street, Kingston, Ontario. IIAMILTOI'. Mr. John Smith, Great Western Railway Station, Hamilton, Ontario. LONDON Mr. A, G. Smvto, London, Ontario. HALIFAX . . ..Mr. E. McC- Clay, Halifax, Nova Scotia. i'T. JOHN Mr. S. Gardnkk, St. John, New Brunswick. IN MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. W/NNTPEG Mr. W. C. B. GuAHAME, (Mr. -H. .1. M.vas, Gorman Assistant), Winnipeg, Manitoba. T::MER>^0N Mr. J. E. Tetu, Railway Station, Emerson, Manitoba. I'dlA"' ' VN Mr. Tfios. Bennett, Office at the Railway Station, < IV' AV ) \.E Mr. A. J . Baker. PRINCL vT 'HUR..MR. .1. M. McGovERN. IN BRITISH COLUMBIA. V ICTORIA . . . Mr. John Jessoi-. Agencies of Provincial Government of British Columbia, LONDON ( England) Mr. H. C. Bbkton, Agent-General for the Provin(;e, 30 Finsbury Circus. LijLN'BURG, (Scotland) Mr. C. S- Jonks, ^^4 Mayfleld Road, New- ington. I'ARia (France) Mr. J. 8. K. de KNRvim, 17 Bpulevard de la Madeleine. rORONTO (Cmtario) ^Tr. Gkc»rge Faulkner. ' \ IN'NIPEG (^Manitoba) Mr. S. G. Rowbotoom. NEW \Vi:STM IN-STER (British Columbia) Mr, John Sprott. <» REMEMBER Ti^^T 11 IE CANADIAN PACIFIC Tl.AJI.X^-W^.J^'-^ OF ENS TO BPxITISH COLUMBIA IN THK SPRING OF 1886. -o- Money and Time wiJl be Saved by taking this Route. INFORMATION GIVEN AND TICKETS ISSUED BY AGENTS IN EVERY I OWN AND CITY. TICKET OFFICES: TORONTO: MONTREAL: 24 York Strelt, 266 St. James Street. 56 Yonge Streki-. VVinds(>r Hoi el. no King Strket VVest. OTTAWA: BROCKVILLE: C:tyEBEC: 42 Sparks Street. 145 East Main Street. 4 Du Fort Street. W. WHYTE, D. McNICOLL, J. R. PRi;vN. W. r. VAN HORNE. 6>«. .V«//. Ge».P,,ss. Ageni. A.,st. Gen. Fass. .^-v. Hn President. HEAD OFFICES MON'l^REAL. IC A Route. ENTS .r J ^ X 1lt»a J A tEC: Street. /''I'esidcfi', I Mrtta CMUth V%: 129< (ii w LiffikPt 9ui%«as' I. Coffia Pt. Hunt ft. »»»<•** fink I't Laittb^ Ion or -<^ i**.*'' B r^D.S'^ am ^^'h,. PM2 r 8i>lowt' ^ff^n, "iPe ^. •:"s.| e ■?' ' ■;a / /"■-•■(: ^ ~W White _, %. -ri!**' '%""! »^;i^<" t»K?.^tT?^- 'fuTt« >IuK« «.V«^ flk-^ c,^- Kelly Pt o 1^' P'jv^g Vf. « /^ ... :v.' onf Pt. Ora Sie pids '^'''■s i ii;;:'i;, a » * 'iji:. r 'P5^; ;4. M5 i: -^JtrsTiz^^ jyean or -CiT Jfl^f "^'i .^'^ "S Pfl » Island '^*««*'i '^(T /> ennj 'jif^ ^ i^''^;^ d ^antu Hai •ll'il Pt. Ivo' bV* „V' ^t-^ (.W^*- •'^r. m, 111- »*»ifti, / .^^ ■!,/ ,.'" ^ven T**^/ tOit»» ^^"^ Hock *^ I'Peuroae'j ^•-i^t2..^^iS^'>^,,, ,Ni: Ut. \ Antler .^ ,,^1^^' T..n >aic.t ,^.. .« „;*^ ^JL^-^^^^f^-^ i Lac ml ^ 20 21 22 Greenwich ^t^ River 23 24 25 27 ""^ 'V hy.— H^ ^ *• / \ 7^ 5 Lion's Wtd"«. \i c oawu^iotr i 5 /\ i^^ \ RIBOO ^ '^^ l^ y" .X *^--^ Sitka iNANOnf L t 'Llttl A^*f 4^^ pCamerwB^toii " (vBarkerville oHlcli field r% Aoiler V^^Ji ^ t^* i IwaA L. UUcheUtL. ■^^ /: **» J>S#^; Ci <7 ' '^l* V II W. Or. r- ^ , - tV^ Cache ^>^ ^**«<» ^^""^ Albreda Lake flf4<^«<» t 'o<»« .iHmon,^ % V '4- rumeroas ) lioCaulej I. I -cr 050\t^^ ^ »H X ^^"l^ \«o" (iCltjtiMft Ok '■* iLriiiur (j, a.^r"- A r jfc , 3)t ^'^^. tf^. ^t. >aUe 'orb« Thutag* L Settout Jt, 32 YZUr-^^- UPPBB POBTION of I BRITISH COLUMBIA'. Hutftvt L. «^ • /Mc***- U&dlnc or EUnbr* ^-' ^ .■ftL m «..J* r iB^A?^; racia L. \ T,'out L.„ >!. jr Ji MoLeof . Fl. yfc 5P ■ N a 3r»it ugio INDEX* To find any place on the in»p, dijiw a straight line from the letters on the side to join a Similar line drawn from the uu morals on the top. Alexandria ♦ G Anderson M islicroft L iiabine Villaifo E Barkerville , .E Bulkley House E Cache Creek.... L Cjiemainus R Chilliwhack 6 19 Maple Bay K 15 i'liiilOia K 19 Miitf.Hiui ...Q IS Corirox..... 12 Aloodyville P 37 , O 12 Cottonwood E 18 €ourchan K 15 Bease House B 30 j>pgCreek I 18 Ijlmore E 32 English Fiictory E 28 K)»yicola Lake N Obelisk O Okanugan M Okanagan Mission N Old Fort D OklFon... E OldFo.u L Old Village K Pemberton i M Pincha B Port Moody Q *^. .r. 4000 ■ laateaocHa tjS^^'^^'^ FortRupert L 7 Port Essiiigton A . Fort Shepherd Q 27 Princeton P 22 Granville p ]t5 '^ " "' '" Great SI ido (} 11 Harvey Creek F 20 H. B. Co._Fort L 21 32 20 8 13 29 21 29 30 32 29 20 17 31 19 19 31 32 Hogen's Landing — . E Hope P H. B. Co'8. Trading Post, h Indian Village A Indian Village E Kamloops ^, L Kilawalaks E Kispyox E Kootenay Kuldo D Lao LaHaohe. ..., I Ladner's Landing Q Landing ...E liillooet L Lvtton N McI>onaU;8 Oil Springs. , E JloLeod'a Fort B Que.«nolle E Oiiesnelle Forkm .F Richfield E Roman Catholic Mission . Seton L Shtooiht a Skeena F Soda Creek .......G Somenos R Sooke S ^pence's Bridsre M St. Paul L Sumas Q T I Ti.pu) towoot G T6tt> .» Hune Cache F Van Winkle, B Victoria , .S Vk^elliii{ii;:toia, Departure Yale^^^ H ,'iiaflE,'sai.a '■'•'!i'";u!!i'ii!ti;j/ia:iii!).'/ui'/" '"*■>""' onmnniianiwiunBiaaamma. lilt 4 ^ t^&^.. I Ipria 484 u ]/ 16 21 16 24 21 31 M 21 12 17 U 17 3 V»rga>, r» Ttnwlar BAM * ^ ria ; Jsawatti 1'^:.!^ "¥•*' '^-"A ^-f Pracrsttl- n&ih^ J>«Sr»?^ ^'^« .1 ^ vijiaffl •" .» ■■■■:■ ^K-:' ««nby I. "«• -ot -"ii, • i, I^'^f: K. J?t ^ "^.i^a^ <^\* "•• ro^r Curtl, Cap* 5^" ■"•*'^ UxDphltrJite P&, "Y** ^ 6120 ' Xobol.t SJJEtOZAT Brolten Group *S^ j-^an Mateo ^ SD. iV* > Gape o ^' "•c ft D«catui I. i>rt( hUukweytk ^ ^ ^ 't Chiluk% ^k ji. :m Lonpi< 19 frvSn Loch 1- hAke Lomond "^ * • * 1. V .^1^="^ -^ U.iiX..JWt .B^ Cftohe Creek J/ltn P*' WiawitlLr "'''fa, lUooot ^_„ ^* roft <^>-n^ h 3()0U Fort ^\i7 iJittoilPI J746 tt» 3.J 2614 1. a ^-d ge'8 Eriflge ^.«y*api\Vv 7 'j J#»n* .--if* \-2iar s ^ tt lef QXicolaLake ''^ »« S 't I lalukwey%ck ^ ' , ^^^ ^o| Sl'ri/j ;j«*»»i -<^«; ^ Okanagan ^ V \ ^^ ^ g.C.MiBBion >^ i*if "iSSo""" BRITISH COLUIMBIA •m- -«4; — ^Si 'i ^>U- 1^ ^^^t» « , ^pfint«dliWth« Map»f R. T. Williams, Victoria. SCATS OS! SITATUTB MUTi'S. 80 4- fiO asaa thcBuj-laad Li^o. C\§ 30 31