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 1 
 
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 3 
 
RESTRICTIONS 
 
 ox 
 
 CANADIAN CATTLE. 
 
 / 
 
 IMPOKTANT STATEMENT 
 
 BV 
 
 SIR CHAHLES TDPPEH, C.B. & K.C.M.6., 
 
 HIGH C0.MMISSI0NP:R for CANADA. 
 
 M/.DK AT 
 
 WESTMINSTER PALACE HOTEL, LONDON, 
 
 ON 
 
 13th JULY, 1SD3, 
 
 TO 
 
 MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT 
 
 AM) 
 
 PARTIES INTERESTED IN THE TRADE, PRELIMINARY 
 TO INTICRVIEVV VVI'IH MR. HERIiERT GARDNER, M.P., 
 PRESIDENT' OF BOARD OF .\(iRICULTURE. 
 
 PRINTED BY VV. AND D. C. THOMSON, "UUNHEK COURIliR " OFFICE. 
 
 / 
 
 F^} 
 
 v; 
 
ihh 
 
 RESTRICTIONS 
 
 ON 
 
 CANADIAN CATTLE. 
 
 A meeting of members of deputations from Glasgow, 
 Newcastlc-on-Tyne, Dundee, Aberdeen, and otber dis- 
 tricts in England and Scotland, was held in West- 
 minster Palace Hotel, London, on 13th July 1893, 
 along with a large number of Members of Parliament, 
 principally to hear a statement by Sir Chailes Tupper, 
 High Commissioner for Canada, on the unjust and 
 unwarranted restrictions on the importation of Can- 
 adian Cattle. 
 
 Fx-Piovost Browne, Crossbill, convener of the 
 Executive Committee, presided, and, in introducing 
 Sir C. Tupper, expressed their great disappointment 
 that the Board of Agriculture not only refused to 
 remove the restrictions, but would not continue the 
 inspection of the animals on their arrival. The matter 
 therefore had assumed a very serious form, and they 
 thought it advisable to go again to Mr, Gardner and 
 state their case. 
 
 Sir C. Tupper, who was very cordially received, said 
 — Mr. Chairman, my Lord, and gentleman, — I have 
 very great pleasure in meeting you here to-day, and, so 
 far from you being under any obligation to me, it is 
 quite the other way. The interests of Canada in this 
 question are very vital, and I am very glad to know 
 that those interests are in unison with the great body 
 of gentlemen whom I now address, and who, as 1 undei- 
 stand, represent nearly the whole of Scotland, the north 
 of England, and other sect'ons of the country. 1 think 
 I might fairly say that there is no person in this great 
 country who is not interested in doing what 1 call 
 justice to the Dominion of Canada upon so important 
 a question as this. I know the value of your time, and 
 I should hesitate to occupy it at any length, and, there- 
 fore, I shall endeavour to group within as small a com- 
 pass as I can the grounds on which I undertake to say 
 
 f 
 
 I 
 
that the veterinary department of the Board of Agricul- 
 ture have made 
 
 A VERY SERIOUS MISTAKE 
 
 on the whole of this matter. (Applause.) The position 
 
 of this question was succinctly put by Mr. Chaplin, the 
 
 late President of the Board of Agriculture, in addressing 
 
 the Royal Agricultural Society of England on November 
 
 3rd last. He said : — 
 
 If the facts were as stated, and as he himself understood — 
 namely, that the disease had been ascertained to be contagious 
 pleuro-pneumonia that had been found amongst Canadian cattle, 
 and that it was elf ar that it had not been contracted since their 
 arrival in this country — then it was of immense importance that 
 the slaughter of all animals imported from Canada should be 
 pressed on the Board of Agriculture with all the force and weight 
 that the Council could command. 
 
 Now, I endorse every word of that. I say I should be 
 
 ashamed to stand here one single moment to press on 
 
 the Government of this country the admission of 
 
 Canadian cattle free from the restrictions that appl}' to 
 
 countries where pleuro-pneumonia exists if it could be 
 
 shown that pleuro-pneumonia existed in the Dominion 
 
 of Canada. On the contrary, I should regard it as the 
 
 first duty of the Government of this country to prohibit 
 
 the importation. 
 
 NO PLEURO IN CANADA. 
 
 But I think I can give reasons to show that pleura- 
 'pneumonia contagiosa does not exist, and never did 
 exist, in Canada. It did occur in the quarantine 
 grounds at Quebec once, but Canada attaches so much 
 importaiice to the necessity of being free of pleuro- 
 })neumonia that they slaughtered the whole of the large 
 and valuable herd of blood- stock there at the time. A 
 herd of the most costly character, numbering over 100, 
 and all the animals in the quarantine station were 
 slaughtered, and all the animals for five miles round it 
 were slaughtered. That is an illustration of their 
 determination to exterminate plevo-pneumonia if it 
 appeared in the Colony, but that was the only time it 
 did exist in Canada, and it never got beyond the 
 
qu!*-rantine station. (Applause.) On that point I may 
 say that quarantine regulation is established along 
 the boundary between the United States nm\ Canada, 
 because it is well known that pleuro-pneumonia has 
 existed in the United States for many years. There is 
 one point upor. which the veterinary surgeons of the 
 Department of Agriculture are entirely agreed, and 
 that is that the cases which they held to l)e pleuro- 
 pneumonia in September, 1800, coming from Canada, 
 and the two cases that they held to be pleuro-pneu- 
 monia in October last coming fi-om Cainida, juid the 
 case now under consideration, are all precisely of the 
 same character, and that the pathological examination 
 of the lungs proves the cases of 1890 and of October 
 last and of the present time to be practically identical. 
 They admit that they do not all possess the same 
 characteristics that i)leuro-})neumonia shows in this 
 country, but they hold it to be pleuro-i)neumonia, and 
 declare that the cases are all identical. 
 
 MK. CHAPLIN'S METH(JDS. 
 
 Now, when Mr. Chaplin was President of the Board 
 of Agriculture, and had the responsibility of dealing 
 with this question himself, these same gentlemen 
 reported in October, 1890, that four cases of undoubted 
 pleuro-i)neumonia in Canadian cattle had be found to 
 exist. But Mr. Chaplin did not schedule Canada. He 
 had the responsibility himself, and not that of pressing 
 it on a Government to which he was opposed, but he 
 shrank from that, and he made the statement that I 
 have just read to you, that it was a case that required 
 the utmost care and supervision. (Applause.) But 
 what more 1 Two years after he had had those 
 " identical " cases reported to him by his veterinary 
 department as pleuro-pneumonia, Mr. Chaplin declared 
 in a public meeting, addressing the Chambers of Agri- 
 culture on the 2nd November last, that pleuro-pneu 
 monia had never existed in Canada. He said — 
 
 Ctiuada had always hitherto been supposed to be free l'r(.>m 
 pleuro-pneumonia, and, under previous Administrations, Canadian 
 cattle had been allowed to come into the country free. 
 
 1 1 
 
6 
 
 ill 
 
 Why (lid he say that \vhcii hu had the evidence of the 
 vctoriiiary otticcr.s of his Department before him that 
 two years before there had been those cases 1 I will 
 tell .you why he said it. He said it because he had 
 250,000 evidences against his Department to prove 
 that they had been wrong. He said it, ])ecause in those 
 two years about ;i, ft|Uartcr of ;i million cattle had been 
 bioiight from all parts of ('juiada and been sent free all 
 over this country without a trace of pleuropneumonia 
 existing or being discoverable. That was the ground 
 on which Mr. Cha[)lin declared two years afterwards that 
 j)lcuro had never existed in Canada. But mark what 
 more 
 
 CH"l''U!IAL INC'UNSISTKNCIES. 
 
 These gentlemen say that the cases are identical. About 
 eight months ago they reported to the Department oi 
 Agriculture that two cases identically the same as those 
 found in 1890 had presented themselves of undoubted 
 })lcuro-pneumonia, and on that declaration the Govern- 
 ment scheduled Canada. I have no hesitation in saying 
 that they did it unwillingly, but they did it, acting as 
 they considered it was necessary for them to act on the 
 advice of the responsible officers of the Department. 
 I will do them the justice to say that the Committee of 
 Her Majesty's Privy Council did me the honour of 
 receiving and consulting me and hearing my proposal 
 for getting over the difficulty on the occasion, and were 
 good enough to endeavour to avoid scheduling Canada, 
 and it was oidy when the Crown officers said they had 
 no alternative that they did not accept the jn'oposition 
 1 made to them. What has happened since ? These 
 gentlemen have reported that two identical cases with 
 those of 1890 had appeared last October, and the 
 Government scheduled Canada and i)assed an Order 
 that all Canadian animals should be slaughtered on 
 arrival, and their lungs carefully examined, until they 
 were satisfied with regard to this question. Well, that 
 has been done. But ^ince Canada was scheduled some 
 45,000 cattle have been brought into the country, and 
 15,000 of them had been allowed to go into the country 
 
boforo the sch.dule was brought into operation. The 
 hmgs of the remainder — over 25,000 — have been exa- 
 mined, and these gentlemen say — " At last we have 
 found one lung out of 300,000 cattle brought from 
 Canada since 1890; we have found the two cases 
 reported eight months ago, and one lung that indicates 
 pleury-pneunioiiia." I undertake to say even in the 
 presence of gentlemen who understand al)out pleuro- 
 ])neumonia much l.i'H'j:' than I do, that it would be 
 impossible to adduce more incontrovertible evidence of 
 the freedom of Car»ada from [)leuro [ineumonia than 
 the facts that now stand in evidence. 1 will brieHy 
 state why I say so. Every person who knows anything 
 about pleuropneumonia knows that it is 
 
 A DISEASK THAT CANNOT UK (UNrKALKl), 
 
 and that it is known by evidences impossible to conceal. 
 Yet from the time eight months ago when they declared 
 that Canada had pleuro-pneumonia a (piarter of a 
 million cattle have been brought to this country. There 
 have Ijeeu 15,000 live Canadian cattle sent all over the 
 country, and the lungs of the rest examined, and yet 
 not a trace of the disease had been discovered, except 
 in that one lung alone. (Applause.) What does this 
 prove ? I say it is conclusive — and, remember, these 
 gentlemen say the cases are identically the same in 
 1890, in October, 1892, and in May— it is conclusive 
 that if pleuro-pneumonia had existed it must have been 
 discovered sooner. We ourselves had veterinary sur 
 geons, for nobody was more interested in a wise and 
 just solution of the question than the (lovernment of 
 Canada. We had those experts sent all over the 
 country. The colony was searched from end to end. 
 The districts from which those cattle came were 
 specially investigated, and not a trace of pleuro-pneu- 
 monia was found in the wholcj colony, simply because it 
 did not exist there. (Applause.) I cannot understand 
 hoAV any man, much more a veterinary surgeon, could 
 hold the doctrine that this was i)leuro-pneumonia. 
 Where is the country in the world that had pleuro- 
 
8 
 
 pneumonia in it and where it had not been discovered 1 
 (Applause.) 
 
 KMINENT VKTERINAKY SURGEONs' OPINIONS. 
 
 The most eminent veterinary surgeon in this country, 
 and some of the most eminent veterinary surgeons on 
 the continent of Europe, have agreed after careful ex- 
 amination of this same lung or lungs — for they are 
 stated by the Depai'tnicnt to l)e precisely analogous — 
 that this is not pleuro pneumonia. I think that ought 
 to go for something. (Applause.) Every person 
 knows that pleuro-pneumonia exists in every country 
 of the woi'ld. lMeuro-[)iieumonia is simply inflammation 
 of the lungs and i»leura. l^ut the broad distinction is 
 this that while the })athological character of the lungs 
 may exhibit many of the same indications, the one is 
 ;i strongly contagious disease and the other is a disease 
 that is perfectly innocuous. I have 
 
 TRACED THE ANIMAL 
 
 in the case under consideration. It came from Pilot 
 Mount in Manitoba. It was packed in a car under 
 conditions calculated to disseminate contagious disease 
 if it existed. 250 cattle were brought from the same 
 district, carried to Montreal, some 1,500 miles, then 
 sent across the Atlantic, kept for ten days in this 
 country before slaughtered, and not a trace of pleuro- 
 pneumonia to be found. If this case had not occurred 
 my position that the Department have made a mistake 
 would not be so strong as it is, because I hold there is 
 a disease of inflammation of the lungs of a perfectly 
 innocuous character that occasionaly occurs in animals 
 of all countries and so simulates pleuro-pneumonia as to 
 lead a person to believe it was pleuro-pneumonia. I 
 am only doing justice to Her Majesty's Government 
 when I say that they have had, in my judgment, most 
 sympathetic consideration throughout this case. I can 
 say, so far as Lord Ripon is concerned, that if he had 
 been a Canadian Minister of Agriculture he could not 
 have entered with more Zealand anxiety into this question 
 than he has done. (Hear, hear.) The mere fact that the 
 
9 
 
 Govoniment were good enough to receive nie iiiul iiUow 
 me to make my statement to the Committee of the 
 Privy Council proves that the Government have not 
 been un8ymj)athetic with regard to this (juestion. But 
 there is a very important point that demands the con- 
 sideration of this representative body and of Parlia- 
 ment, and that is that if the law of this country is in such 
 a position that three veterinary surgeons, however 
 eminent, can control the whole policy of the Govern 
 merit in reference to great interests in these ishuuls, 
 and can destroy a great branch of trade in Canada, it is 
 time the question was reconsidered, and some measure 
 taken hy which relief could be found from such an 
 anomalous condition of things. (Applause.) I mad (3 
 
 A TROl'OSAL TO MR. GARDNER 
 
 which I think was entitled to some consideration. I 
 said — " Let these gentlemen do what the most eminent 
 surgeons and medical men do when a question of great 
 importance arises. They fall back upon a consultation 
 with eminent men in the san^e profession, and the higher 
 a man is the more ready and willing he is to have his 
 own opinion subjected to that of others." I also made 
 a proposal that I would undertake on the part of Canada 
 to pay the expenses of sending over able and experienced 
 men to prove that there was no pleuro-pneumon^a the ... 
 These veterinary surgeons of the Department are not 
 infallible. (A Voice-- ' They are very fallible.") 
 Several years ago when the Department was under the 
 charge of the Privy Council, Mr. Peel, the secretary, 
 sent for me and said, " I have got very bad news foi* 
 you." I said, " What is it f He said, " Texan fever 
 has been found in a cargo of Canadian cattle at Liver- 
 pool, and they are to be slaughtered to-morrow, and 
 Canada is to be scheduled." 1 said that was a very 
 startling statemeut, and asked if he was sure. He said 
 there could be no doubt, that they had sent down one 
 of their ablest veterinary surgeons, and that he had re- 
 ported that there was no doubt whatever. I asked that 
 the Order should be suspended for twenty-four hours, 
 
10 
 
 ! [ 
 
 ! ; 
 
 ■ I 1 
 
 1 I 
 
 ; ! 
 
 u.id that I should be allowed to personall}^ investigate 
 the case. I went down, and the eminent veterinary 
 surgeon who had been sent down by the Department 
 had the candour to say that he had made 
 
 A COMPLETE MISTAKE. 
 
 When a Uw of the animals were killed they could not 
 find a trace of Texy,n fever in connection with the case. 
 Thv) result wc?s that the report was amended, the Order 
 \vir removed, and the cattle allowed to go over the 
 country. That is an evidence that these gentlemen are 
 not infallible. (A Voice — "What was Mr. Gardner's 
 reply to your proposals ?'') It was that the Department 
 would give the most careful consideration to my pro- 
 posals. (Laughter.) But the answer has been to stop 
 the examination of Ca.iadian cattle, and to adopt a 
 policy which raeans that for this time henceforth and 
 for ever no animal shall be allowed to come from Canada 
 to this country alive. I was asked by the Government 
 of Canada to appoint a veterirary surgeon to assist in 
 the examinations, and having done so that official made 
 a report, in which he pointed out the difference between 
 contagious pleuro-pneamonia and the disea^^e which was 
 found to exist on that occasion. Everything that 
 Canada could do has been done, and this question I shall 
 have to leave in abler hands. 
 
 A WARNING, 
 
 But if it is found that one of the most importa it 
 branches of the Canadian trade is to be destroyed by 
 three gentlemen, however eminent, who are veterinary 
 surgeons, and in iace of the fact that, after the 
 closest and fullest and most careful examination, no 
 trace of pleuro-pneumonia can be found in Canada, I 
 say it will produce in the minds of intelligent men of 
 all parties and classes a sense of the great insecurity of 
 the most important branch of our trade. (Applause.) 
 
 On the motion of ex Lord Provost Ure, Glasgo\r, a 
 cordial vote of thanks was given to Sir C. Tupper, and 
 then the most of those present proceeded to the inter- 
 view with the Minister of Agriculture. 
 
 IMl 
 
i il