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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m6thode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 6 e ^'■•^':v'^,;i4^^^ t ■^ «• 1^ 1; ,' ft 1S34. J-lcmoiiil ilolume. iSS4. TORONTO : mi ml^umi t ^btattel and ^e^^iiplitt^, A Memorial Volume for the Seiji-0£nte.nnial of 1884. riY TirK CANON OF ST. JAMES'S, TORONTO, Antliov „f " roronh of 01,1," " The Fir-if IIUI,,,/, of Toronto," etc. ANIi ■ -lOFlN CIlAI.'Li:^ \W.\'\\ M Author of " Thv Liixl Fortii Vears," rtr. ywliUflhra bii uuthoHtii of the mn^tm' Mmi-a'mtmM itrnmitut. >«W'-iifi'--jiiiw-yiii.Nti\{ii!.cijijj 1" r H 1 : II UNTKi; , |{(>,s I, \ \ I) COM \> \ \ V I MM* Bra Olio thoiisaiKl niul twoiitj-nvo copies of this Noiiiorial Volume hove heeii printed for sale, encli of wliieli are iiii inhered. i!o. /fX ami aKhly,.,,,,; Ay lll,«l,y. A'™- .V C... ,„ ,!„■ Office „/ llu- Minht.r ,y .),,/,'«/,„„. rc S3 PniNTfn ANO OOIIND nv MUNTf n, Rose « oo . TntioNrn Canada Pawm Cu s P*PfH ^Juhlicihcvc-' ^Jvcf.icc. HE [)urpo8C of the following ]>ages, it is hoped, will be sufficiently apparent from their contents, but a few words of explanation as to the circumstances under which they came to be written nmy as well bo inserted hoi-e. When the Semi-Centennial Celebration was fii-st projected, it was a matter of course that the publication of a Mcinorial Volume, descriptive of the City's origin, growth and present condition should form part of the scheme. A Memorial Volume Committee was accord- ingly a])pointed to t4ike the matter into considenition, and to report upon the size, scope, iind general charactt^r of the projected volume. In course of time, a re|)ort wiis made, wherein the cost of tho undertaking was accurately ascer- tained, and in which all details were carefully considered. This report was fully approved of by the (Jeneral Executive Committee appointed to carry out the Celebration, but upon its being submitted to the City Council, that body did not see fit either to undertake the work of publication or to provide any guaranty against loss. The coat of producing such a volume is necessarily large, and no publisher could bo found who was willing to undertake it at his own risk. For a time it seemed as though tho project of a Memorial Volume would have to be iii)andoned, when, at tho urgent solicitation of tho Committee, our Tirm consented to undertake tho work of publication, certain improvements in thi^ si/e and character of the volume having first been agreed upon. Nothing in the shape of a guaranty was provided, beyond the mere rocommondntiou of tho Council of l.SS^ to the Council of 1884 that two hundred copies of the work should be purchased by the City upon its completion. The proceeilings having reached this stiige, our firm made arrangements with tho aut-hors whose names appear ui)od the title page, who undertook to furnish the letterpress. The following pages are the result of their labours. The |)or- traits of tho twenty-four Mayors who have occiij)ied the Civic chair during the hwt half century impart an lulditional interest and value to the text, while the other illustrations must bo regarded as appropriate embellishments. It is con- fidently believed that the work, as a whole, fulfils every condition outlined in the prtispectuii issued by us several months since, and that in no eH.sential respect dues it fall short of the nMpiirements of a Mkmoki.m. Voi.it.MK. HUNTER. ROSE & CO. Ton>-' /■ that I am able to do, is to produce selections from such notices «' of the place and its inhabitants as I may discover in the few contemporaneous documents that are extant. In I7!t3, on the northern bank of the bay theretofore known as the Bay of Toronto, the site of a town intended to be made the capital of ITpper Canada was .selected, and the name of York was prospectively given to it. At the same time the Bay of Toronto became the Bay of York, and the surrounding towiKship the Township of York. Previously, for some time, it had, through .some caprice in the Surveyor-general's office, borne the name of Dublin; at which period Scarborough, from a like ca.t.se, was Gla.sgow, Darlington Bristol, and Whitby Norwicii, On the Oth of March, 1834, the name York, as applied to the town projected in 171)3, and actually begun to be built in 17!»4, was displaced by the api)ellHtiou " Toronto." Thus the annals of the town known as York, lT|)per Canada, comjirLsc the events of four decades. Accordingly tlii.s is the division of my narrative which I have adopted. I set forth brief memoirs of pensons and incidents at York during the successivi* T t 2 MEMORIAL VOLUME. periods: 1794-1804, 1804-181-1, 1814-1824, 1824-1834. The ancient York, once the chief Station in Roman Britain, lias had an existence of at least four times four hundred yeais. It is an autlientic fact that tlie ¥.m- peror Severus died there on ti o 4th of February, A.I). 211. Our Upper Canadian York was, it will be seen, but an ' infant of days " in comparison. CHAPTEK II.. PREVIOUS HISTORY OP THE SITK OK VOlMv. THE MIGIiATOHY CHARACTEH OK THE NAME APPLIED TO IT. "/r will appear that the appellation " Toronto " has been migra- U tory. In 17f)3 it was applied familiarly to the locality on ' which the present City of Toronto stands; and the harbour of the present city was 0(|ually well known as the Bay of To- ronto. But one hundred and seventeen years earlier, these names, •' written preci.sely as we write them now, Ijelonged to localities,' not on the shore of Lake Ontaiio, but to a region about forty miles' farther north, lying between the waters of (Uoucesteror Matchedash Bay on Lake Huron and those of Lake Sirncoe. Thus, in a despatch of the Mar(|uis de DenonviUe, fJovernor-General of Canada, to the government of Louis XIV., dated 1G8(J, we have the word employed in this relation. In the despatch referred to, it is recommended that two militaiy posts should be established to guard the two entrances to Lake Huron ; one at its southern end on the strait there ; and the other at the upper or northern end, at " the Pass by Toronto." Botli posts were intended to bar the way against the English fur-traders, who would persist in penetrating to Michilimackinac by these routes, against the will of the Canadian authorities. The post on the strait at tht^southern end of Lake Huron was forthwith established. It was known as Fort St. Joseph, and its site afterwards became that of the American Fort Gratiot. But the order for the post at the upper or eastern end, at " the Pass by Toronto," was temporarily countermanded, as we are told in a despatch of Denonville's, dated 1C87. Tlie intended site of the foi't at " the Pass by Toronto " may be gathered from a map accompanying Lahontan's Lettei's, some of them n TORONTO : PA.ST AND PRESENT. written at tliis period. On this map a fort is conspicuously niiirked, not far from the site of the present Pcnctanguishene, as sujra;estc(l to be built there, not simply as a bar to the English, but as a bulwark against the Iroquois invaders, now threatening the very existence of the colony of New France. In the letter which alludes to the map, the proposed fort is described as being " at the mouth of the Bay of Toronto upon Lake Huron;" and this is the name given at full length on the map to Gloucester and Matchedash Bay : " Bale de Toronto." In this man- ner, what Denonville meant by " the Pass at Toronto, the other end of Lake Huron," is determined with great certainty. On the same map, which, no doubt reproduces earlier maps in the possession of the author- ities at Quebec, our Lake Simcoe is Lake Toronto, and the Indians inhabiting its shores are the Torontogueronons, the ITfronto nations ; that is, the Hurons, or Wyandots, as we shall hereafter learn. (Sagard in his G'xind Voyage da pityn des Hitvons, writes the word Houandates.) It is thus proved that in 1G8G-9, the dates of Denonville's despatches and Lahontan's letters and map, the name Toronto was largely identified with the environs of the present Lake Simcoe; while, at the same period, no -juch name is applied to an}' locality on the shores of Lake Ontario in auy known map or document, printed or manuscript. Herman Moll, also, in his large map dated 1720, and based on the best authorities of the period, uses the local nomenclature just indicated. A few years later, the water-communication eastward, between Lake Simcoe and Lake Ontario, by way of the rivers Otonabee and Trent, is marked on maps as " Toronto river;" while tlie Huniber, a line of com- nmnication southward Ijetween Lakes Simcoe and Ontario, is designated by exactly the same title. Recalling now what has just been iiarrated, that Matchedash Bay was also " Bay of Toronto," we can account for the language of the maps only by supposing that there was an important interior district generally known as the Toronto region, to and from which these water-communi- cations were regarded as highways, on the west, north-west, east and south respectively. After a further lapse of time, a change takes place in the wording of the maps. The name Toronto vanishes from the environs of Lake Simcoe, and appears attached to a locality on Lake Ontario, the spot to which it still adheres. The change can be explained thus : the large Huron or Wyandot population, which had given rise to the expression ToRONTt), was now dispersed by the incuisions of the Iroquois, and the country rendered comparatively a desert. The region was, therefore, no !♦- MEMORIAL VOLUME. longer resorted to ns in ycai-s by -gone; and so the word Toronto, as applied to it, dropped out of use. The spot on Lake Ontario which thus by some happy fortune received the name, bad been long a well-frequented landing-place for trading and hunting parties when on their way to the former populous Toronto district. The name Toronto was thus perpetuated ; and although curiously fated to be lost again for awhile, and again to be recovered, it continues to this day, an appellation not without distinction, full of memories connected with its earlier use, and suggestive of the chequered antecedents of the locality which it at present designates. CHAPTER III. PUEVIOUS HISTOIIY OF THE SITE OF YORK (CONTINUED). SIGNI- FICATION OF THE NAME Al'l'LIED TO THE LOCALITY. S to the signification of the term " Toronto " — one very definite tradition which has come down to us, is that it is " place of _ ■^ y^im, meeting " — place of concourse, or rendezvous. That this is a ^'f\jf' ^^^^' apprnximation to the sense of the expression may be f-^^^t gathered thus : Gabriel Sagard, a Franciscan missionary, who -'■^ collected his information in the neighbourhood of Lake Simcoe, just before the time of Denonville's despatches, gives in his " Dictionary of the Huron Language," published at Paris in 1G32, the word " Toronton " as signifying in French "beaucoup," in English " much, or plenty ; " and the instance of its use which he adds shews that it was applied to men as well as things; thus: "Toronton S. ahouyo" — he killed many S. — Sonnontouans or Seneca Irocjuois, we will suppose. Tiie word " Toronton " probably first stru ' the ear of voyageurs and traders, uttered with energy by their Huron guides and companions when on their way to the interior Huron country, repeated again and again, to denote the great populousness of that region. The sonorous tenn would l)e caught up by the French and converted by them into a local name. It served to denote to them Id, ou il y a beaucoup (/e gens — a place where numerous allied and well-disposed tribes did congregate. -d-^ TOItOXTO: I'AST AND PRKSENT. 5 I observe in the French letter of M. de BeletiTcs to Major Rogers, at Detroit, in 1701, the expression " Beaucou|) de nations," whicii seems to translate " Toron ton " so well, used in reference to Indian hands: "On leur a annonc(5 qu'il y avait beaucoup do nations ii votre suite, a iiui on avait proniis de pillage.' A second additional interpretation of the term Toronto must now he noticed : " trees rising out of the water." When in the course of events the name Toronto wiis transferred, iis we have seen, from the Lake Sinicoe region to the spot to which it is now applied, a fancied resem- blance in sound to a Mohawk word having some such sense as that just intimated, led persons acquainted with the Moliawk dialect to imagine an allusion in the word to the peninsula in front of Toronto, with its dwarf trees as seen at a distance on the lak^'. But all this was manifestly an afterthought, and mere guesswork, like so many other explanations of Indian wonls offered us by interpreters and othei's, especially by those familiar only with one of uii.' aborii/inal modes of speech. One observation must be adJ''l in regard to the original full fonn of the word Toronto. The word Toronto, as we now have it, in oliicial documents - . nack, seems to lia\o suffered a loss at '.toth ends. Not only has n liaal n dropped off, but an initial o has disappeared. Tn Sagard, besides the instance already given of Toron- ton in tlie sense of bc^iucov^', wc iiave ■ Otoronton" also, with exactly the same meaning, as in tlie e.\pression " 0-toronton dachene(|uoy — J'en mange beaucoup : " I eat much of it. " Ouentaronk," a name applied to Lake Simcoe, preserved in I). \V. Smyth's Clazette'^v, 1790, probably shows traces of the losses at the beginning and end of the present wonl Toronto. Let oiicn he takei. to represent the nasal .-^ound so often heard at the l)eginning of Indian words, and let the oiik at ti>(> end stiud for the nasal sound heard with equal frequency in that phicc, and we virtu- ally have Otoronton under a disguise. In the word Niagara, it may be remembered, as in Toronto, an initial Indian o has been dropped off. The word was formerly Oniagara. In like manner Chippeway used to be Otchipway, which it has again become. In Alexander Henry's " Travels," Te.ssalon river, running into Lake Huron, is the Ote.ssalon. So Choui^- guen, at ti»e mouth of the Oswego river, is in the Jesuit Relations " Och- oueguen," whore doubtless wo have the full form of " ().swego" itself, from which the n at the end has been dropped, as in Toronto. To conclude : our Con.secon, in Prince Edward County, ought, I am informed, to be wi tt- ten Oconsecon. Some utterly baseless and unhistorical interpretations of "Toronto" circulated by writers of books of travels and others, are the ^u MEMORIAL VOLUME. following. In his " Subaltern's Furlough," Lieutenant Coke makes it to be a corrupt form, in some way, of the French Ronde d'eau : " It is so called from the circular bay upon whose margin the town is built." Sir Richard Bonnycastle, in his "Canada in 1841," will have it to be "the name, as it is supposed, of the Italian officer of engineers who built the fort, there being no word of this kind in any Indian language now understood in Canada." Lossing, in his " Field-Book of the War of 1812," accepting probably the gue.ss of .some interpreter unac(juainted with any dialect but his own, says that the word is correctly " Taron- tah — Trees in the water," and "so," he asserts, "the French called the fort when they built it." CHAPTER IV. I'KEVIOUS HISTOUY OF THE SITE OF YOKK (CONTINUE!*). FOHT KOUILLE. ^L ^HK name Toronto — with greater propriety, jirobably, if written at full length " Otoronto " — found a resting place at last, as we .^o'PI^'i l'tt^'<^ already learned, at the hjcality which still retains it. f^gji-^^ More .specifically, it became affi.ved to a French trading-post 1^ established on the spot in 174!), the proper official designation of ri>' which was Fort Ilouill^, .so named in compliment to Antoine Louis Rouille, C'ount do Jouy, French Colonial Minister, 1749- '>4. In popular language Fort Rouille came to be Fort Toronto, that is to say, the fort at Toronto; and as time went on, the popular expression appeared on the maps, while the official title of the station was almost forgotten. This Fort Toronto — correctly speaking Fort Rouilld — was the building of which conspicuous traces continued to be visii)le down to 1878, when the ground was levelled for the purposes of the Toronto Industrial A.sso- ciatioii. The spot, with its gra.ss-grown hillocks and shallow trenches, shewing the lines of the cedar pickets, was familiarly spoken of and de- scribed in the topographical books as "The Old Frencli tort." The establishment itself was burneil in 17r)!t by order of the French Com- mander-in-chief, as we shall j)resently learn. r 1 TORONTO: PAST AND PRESENT. It has been stated by some writers, by Garneau for example, tliat Fort Toronto was a structure of stoue ; but this was not so. We have particu- lars of the fort from arions sources. It was simply a stockaded, wooden store-house, with quartei-s for a keeper and a few regular soldiers. Tlie rule of the Governor-General, who gave the order for the erection of 11 fort here, M. do la Galissoniere, was brief. The building of the fort was accomplished by his successor, the Marquis de la Jonquioro. It was ex- pected to intercept the Indian trade which was being drawn to the English post across the lake, at Choudguen (Ocliou(fguen, Oswegon, Os- wego). Persons interested in the trading- posts at Fort Frontenac and Niagara demurred to the establishment of the fort at Toronto ; but the authorities overruled the objections. In 1752, tlie Abbe Picquet visited Fort Toronto. He found there, he say.s, " good bread and good wine, and everytliing requisite for the trade ; while they were in want of these things at all the other posts." According to the Abbd, some of the Missis- sagas expres.sed their sorrow to him here that the French had only estab- lished a canteen at Toronto, and not a church. The situation and dimensions of the fort at Toronto are given with a good deal of minuteness by M. Pouihot, the last French counnandant at Foit Niagara, in his " Memoir upon Mie War in North America, irVj-GO." " The Fort of Toronto," he says, " is at the end of the l)ay (/. r., the west end) upon the sicje wliich is quite elevated and covered witli flat rook. Ves.sels cannot approach witliin cannon sliot. This fort or post," he con- tinues, " was a square of about thirty toi.ses on a side, externally with flanks of flfteen feet. The curtains formed tlie buildings of the fort. It was xerv well built, i)iece upon piece ; but was only useful for trade. A league west of the fort is the mouth (>f the Toronto river, which is of consideral lie size. This river communicates with Lake Ilinon by a por- tage of flfteen leagues, and is frequented by the Indians who come from the north." in 17-V2 war wns in active prognvss between Knglaiid and France. The keeper of the solitary fort at Toronto was fidl of anxiety. He was con- vinced that the Kiiglish were stirring up the Indians to destroy his post, " The store-keeper at Toronto," M. de liongueuil repor's in 17')-, " writes to M. de Vereh«>res, commandant at I'^rt Frontenac, that .some trustworthy Indians had assured him that the Salteanx (the Otchipways of the Sault, the .same in fact as the Mississagas) had dispersed themselves round the head of Lake Ontario ; and seeing himself surroundeil by them, he ddiibts not but they have some evil design on his fort There is no doubt" M. de Lmgueuil Liontinuos, " but 'tis the Knglish who are inducing the Indians ^#4 <• H MEMORIAL VOLUME. to ilestroy the French, and that they would give «, good deal to get the savages to destroy Fort Toronto, o!i account of the essential injury it does their trade at ('houdgueti (Oswego)." The keeper had good grounds for his alarm. In IT.J? the fort at To- ronto was the scene ol" a plot which M. Pouchot, connnandant at Niagara, wa.s the means of frustrating. It appears from M. Pouchot's narrative (i. 82), that a contingent of Missi.ssagas, to the number of ninety, proceed- ing to Montreal to assist tiie French, conceived the idea of pillaging Fort Toronto as they passed, notwithstanding that it belonged to their friends. The brandy known to lie storeil away somewhere within its palisades was the temptation. M. Varren, the keeper, and ten men under M. de Noyelle, were the only persons within the fort. M. de Noyelle, we are toM, was .secretly apprised of the ])lot by a French domestic. He sent a canoe with two men across the lake to Niagara to M. Poucliot in command there. M. I'ouchot at once despatched M. de la Fertf;, captain of Sarre, and M. de I'insun, an officer of Beam, with sixty-one men, each having a swivel gun at the bow of his bateau. They reached Toronto at four o'clock in the evening of the next day. They found the Indians encamped near the fort, and jiassing in front of them saluted their wigwams with " artil- lery and musket balls," but fired only into the air, a.s M. Pouchot had given orders. The Indians were immediately sunnnoned to attend a couneii. They were greatly astonished at the adventure, M. Pouchot tells us, and "confessed evei'ything: they had hail false news delivered to them they saiassing, he takes note of a pond (probaiily Frenchman's Hay), comiuonly ealli'il, he says, "below the Highlands;" "this," he remarks, " is the first harbour for boats from Toronto \my." September I ')tli, 1791, Augustus Jones makes an entry: "Went from Toronto to the river of Credit; high winds prevented us from going farther, ICth, From tlie riviu' of Credit, went to the Forty Mile creek, and called that distaiu'e from the fort, I suppose." On the I7th ho reaches Newark, and discharges his men. In I7l)2, ho is engaged in surveying again, back of what is now -t TORONTO: PAST AND PRESENT. 11 Huniber bay ; and we have him noting, July 22nd, that he came across "an Indian footpath leading to Lake la f'lie (one of the names of Lake Simcoe during the French period), near a pond of 8t. John's t)r Toronto creek," i.e. the Humber. St. John's meant a primitive inn at the mouth of the Hund)er kept by a landlord of that namu. In April in the follow- ing year, 17iKJ, Augustus Jones is at Niagara, making ready for another journey to Toronto. But now ho will be in attendance on the Lieu- tenant-Governor, Colonel Simcoe, who is going himself to make a personal inspection of the locality. At one o'clock on Thui-sday, May 2nd, the party sot off. On Thursday, the 9th, they are ..t St. John's, having coasted round the head of the lake. On that day Augustus Jones nuikes the fol- fowing entry in his Journal : — " Went 'nto Toronto bay, and proceeded up the creek that empties in through the marsh, about five miles, to .see a mill seat." The stream thus examined had no name ; but it evidently was our Don. In the Gazette of May Oth, 1793, published at Newark (Niagara), we have a fuller notice of the Governor's excursion to Toronto. It was an expedition of great moment. A site for the new capital of Upper Canada was to lie .selected. On the 5th of the preceding April, the Governor l>ad written to Major-(jieneral Alured Clarke at Quebec in the following strain : — " Many American ofKcurs give it as their opinion that Niagara, i.e. the Fort, should be attacked ; and Detroit must fall of course. I hope by this autumn to shew the fallacy of that reasoning, by opening a safe anil expeditious couununication to La Trenchc," i.e. the modern ( 'anailian Thames. "But on this subject I reserve my.self," he adds, "until I have visited Toronto." The (iazette of May 9th mentions the setting out of the party, of which, as we have ali'eady learned, Augustus Jones was one: " On Thtnsduy last, May 2nd, his Kxcellency the Lieutenant-Gov- ernor, accompanied b}' several military gentlemen, set "'C(ind son, the Duke of York, now coming into notice as a mili- • '-' taiy commander on the continent of Europe, For a time, we have, in letters and other documents, the expression "Toronto, now York," or " York, late Toronto." In a des])atch to General Clarke at Quebec, of May 31st, the Lieutenant-Governor writes : " It is with great pleiwuro that I offer to you some observations on the military strength and naval convenience of Toronto, imw N'ork, which I {)ropose innncdiately to ooeupy. I lately examined the harbour, accompanied by sueli otliceix, naval and military, as I thought most competent to give mo assistance thereon, and - -►(M TORONTO: PAST AND PRESENT. 13 upon minute investigation, I found it to be, without conipurison, the most proper situation for an ai-senal, in every extent of the word, that can be met with in this Province." The change of name from Toronto to York was very (juietly made. I had hoped to find in one of the Gazettea a proclamation on the sub- ject; but no such document is there. On We(hie.sday, the 28th of May, 1793, the second session of the first Parliament of Upper Canada began at Niagara. On the 9th of the following July it terminated. There is no allusion in the opening or closing speech to the works about to be undertaken on the north side of the lake. But we may suppose that the minds of the members and other influential persons were made familiar with the Governor's intentions in the course of friendly communications constantly had with him. Immediately after the !)tli, .steps began to be taken preparatory to the contemplated removal of the government from Niagara. Troops were transported across to the north side of the lake. " A few days ago," re- ports the Gazette of August 1, 171)3, "the First Division of Her Majesty's Corps of Queen's Ranger* left Queenston for Toronto, now York, and proceeded in batteaux round the head of the Lake Ontario by Burlington Bay. And shortly afterwards another division of the same regiment sailed in the King's vessels, the Onoiulago and Caldwell, for the .same place." It is evident that the liovernor, as he e.xpres.sed himself to Gene- ral Clarke, is about " inunediately to occupy" the site that seemed to him so eligible for an arsenal and strong military post. Having sent forward two divisions of the regiment whose name is so closely a.s.sociated with his own, to be a bodj'-guard to receive him on his own arrival, and to be otherwise usefully employed, he himself em- barks for the same spot. "On Monda)' evening" (this would lie July tJIHli, 1793,) the Gazette last named informs us, " His E.\cellency the Lieut.-Governor left Navy Hall, and embarked on board His Majesty's schooner, the MinKsimnja, which sailed inunediately with a favourable gale for York, with the remainder of the Queen's Rangers." We .should be glad to have minute particulars of each day's proceedings inunediately after the arrival of this considerable force, naval and military, at York. But on this subject we are left for iin interval without preci.so information. We must suppose the Rangers busily engaged in establish- ing theujselves under canvas about the grassy kiu)ll on wliich the gar- rison buililings were afterwards erected. We must imagine them lan3, and the salutes that immediately after began to reverberate through the neighljouring solitary woods, and roll far down and across tlie silvery sur- face of Lake Ontario, may be taken, as doubtless they were designed to be, for the formal inauguration of the ITpper Canadian York, though it had existence a.s yet only in the idea of its projector, or a.s roughly sketched out for him on paper, perhaps by the hand of Augustus Jones. The rejoicing at York over the triumph of the British ai'iiis proved to be somewhat premature. Tiie success which attended the first opera- tions of the Royal Duke did not continue to crown his eflbrts. But the report of the honours rendenid him in this remote corner of the globe would, nevertheless, be very grateful to the fatherly heart of the King. On the Saturday aftc^r the royal salutes the first meeting of the Executive Ooiuicil ever lieM at York took place in the Garrison, in the canvas house, as we may suppose. The words of the late Mr. Lee, who searched the records at Ottawa for nie on this point, are as follow ; — " The first Council held at Garrison, York, late Toronto (once more), at which Lieutenant-Governor Simcoe was present, was on Saturday 3rd August, 1793." It was contimted, Mr Lee stated, to the following .")tli of September, when the Government returned to Navy Hall. The following winter, however, 171)3-4, was passed by the Governor and his family at York. Bouchetto speaks of hLs inhaliiting the canvas house "through the winter." In the following B'ebruary the Governor writes to Mr. Secretary Dundas in London ; and, after his now |>rolonged experience, he speaks of the newly estal>lished post thus glowingly : "York," he says, "is the most important and defensible situation in Upper Canada, or that I have seen in North America. I have. Sir, formerly entered into a detail of the advantages of this ai-senal of Lake Ontario. An interval of Indian land, six-and-thiity miles, divides this settlement from Burlington Bay, where that of Niagariv commences. The communi- cation with Lake Huron is very easy, in five or six days, and will in all respects be of the most essential importance." In tlie memoranda of Augustus Jones, we meet with the expression " the town of York " for the first time. On the 3rd of August, 1793, he writes, " Waited on his Excellency in Council; and went with him to look at the situation of the town of York." All that is to be .seen is still, we ob- serve, only its situation or site. After this the intended capital is more ''.)P5 I Mh^ 16 MEMORIAL VOLUME. generally alluded to. On the f)th of September, Mr. Talbot, afterwards the famous Colonel Talbot, a member of the Governor's suite, playfully refers to the now place, in a letter to his friend Colonel McKee, at Niagara, dated at York : " There is a most magnificent city laid out which is to be begun in the spring." Mr. Secretary Jarvis had already rather humor- ously written to a friend, of the Governor's expedition from Niagara, before it was accomj)lished, as a tour in search of a city. "Our Assem- bly," he said, "are to meet on the 12th of next month, and a motley crew they are. After the A.ssembly is prorogued, the Colonel and his suite (('. e. the Lieut.-Governor) are to go to Toronto a city-hunting. I hope they will be successful." Mr. Talbot, in the letter ju.st mentioned, gives us some idea of the discomforts of camp-life at York at this period. "Col. Simcoe and the Queen's Rangers are encamped here," he tells Cohjnel McKee, "and are preparing huts for the winter." Mr. Talbot had recently been ((uartered with his regiment at the Falls of the Miami ; a wild region doubtless; but he writes: "The foot of the Rapids [i.e., of the Miami riverj, is quite London to this spot. However, I fear it will be my fate to pa.ss some months here." One other mention of the camp at York in Augustus Jones's journal is noticeable : " Went to Camp," he writes, on the 1st of September, 1703 : " attended Prayei-s." We thus incidentally learn that the good Governor did not neglect in his camp the recognition of Almighty God, whose instru- ment he assuredly was in the implanting of English civilization here in 17i)3. The Chief Brant was for a time lodged in this camp; and Colonel Butler, the identical officer whose name was associated with his in " Ger- trude of Wyoming. " Augustus Jones mentions the arrival of the.se two ])ersonage.s during his own stay at York. Mr. Jones was despatched from York on professional duty to Niagara on the Gth of November ; but he is ordered to be back in January. He is then to track out ami clear, through the primeval forest, a practicable route froui York to Lakes Simcoe and Huron. This route had been already pei'sonally explored by the indefatigable Governor, accompanied by a party of officers, in October, I7l)3. It was quickly seen by him that this would be in the future a most important highway of commerce between the two great lakes, Ontario and Huron. Mr. Jones inserts a memorandum that while remain- ing at York, the men under him had been employetl in " making a road from the camp to Toronto Old Fort." -^«^ _ TORONTO: FAST AMD PJtEHEMT. 19 an arrow indicating the direction. Thus, then, the " most magnificent city," of which, as liaving been " laid out," Mr. Talbot wrote jocosely to Colonel McKee in the preceding autumn, now actually began to be a visible and palpable entity. The town-plot, as defined at this time, was a compact little parallelogram bounded on the west by George Street, on the east by Ontjuio Street, on the north by Duchess Street, and on the south by Palace Street — streets that still retain their original names. The loyal, monarchical character of the Governor appears in nearly every one of these street names, as also in the names given to other streets, as well as in the name of the town itself. The main thoroughfare was King Street ; the next street parallel to it on the north was Duke Street ; the street north of that, Duchess Street. The boundary westward was George Street ; the ne.'ct sti'eet paral- lel to that, eastward, was Frederick Street,and the street following that was Caroline Street, while the one succeeding that was Princes Street. The last street running north and south was Ontario Street. George Street bore the name of George Prince of Wales, afterwards George IV. Caroline Street commemorated his wife, the unfortunate Caroline of Brunswick. Duke Street alluded to the Duke of York, Duchess Street to his wife, and Frederick Street was distinguished by his Christian name. The general name. Princes Street, was a comprehensive compliment to the other royal princes, without specifying them. Ontario Street indicated the track which doubtless from time immemorial led down to the canoe-landing nearest to the " Carrying-place " on the Island where the small craft i)a.ssing up and down the lake and trading at York were wont to be lifted acro.ss the narrow nock of land there. Palace Street was so styled because it was expected to be the via sacra to the " Palace of Government," to speak in French style ;' v. (•., the public buildings, for Parliamentary and other pur- poses, to which in fact it did lead, down to 1824. How the Lieutenant-Governor himself was employeil during a [)ortion of this month of March, rendered ever-memoraVile as the era from which the forty j'ears of York took their stait, we gather from a contemporary map which is cxtaiit.and from which I once had an opportunity of making a tran- script of a number of written memoran4; got to Detroit April 3rd ; returned by Lake Erie and Niagara to York, May oth, 171)4." Down to the year 1790, a portion of every summer wa.s still pas.sed at his old quarters at Navy Hall, Niagsira, the Provincial Parliament contin- uing to a-ssemble there until accommodation for them .should bo provided at York. That preparations were being made at York during the summer of 1794 for the erection of the public buildings, we learn from an advertise- ment in the Gazette of July lOtli in that year. It is remarkably brief, and run.s a.s follows: — "Wanted — Carpenters for the Public Buildings to be erected at York. Applications to be made to John McGill, E.s(i., at York, or to Mr. Allan MiicNab, at Navy Hall." This Mr. Allan MacNab was the father of the gentleman who afterwards became widely known throughout Canada as Sir Allan MacNab. In 1795, the French Duke dc la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt visited Upper Canada from Philadelphia. He was hospitably entertained for eighteen days at Navy Hall, Niagara. Collect g infornuition for the volumes of travels which he afterwards published, he took the trouble to send two young friends, who were accon pimying him, over to York, as reporters ; having been a.ssured that it was really not worth his while to go there in person. M. de Petit-Thouars and M. Guillemard, the gentlemen thus employed, brought liack word that there had as yet been erected at " Yorck " — so the name I'eads throughout the narrative — only twelve houses. " They stand on the bay near the river Don." There was a block house on each side of the entrance to the harbour. The bari'acks, occupied by the governor's regiment, stood near the lake, two miles from the town. " In a circumference of one hundred and tifty miles, the Indians are the only neighbours of Yorck. They belong to the tribe of the Mi.ssissagas." The Duke informs his readers that York was intended by the Governor to be the centre of the naval foice on Lake Ontario. Only four gunboats are at present on the lake ; two of which are constantly employed in transporting merchandize. The other two, which alone are fit to carry troops and guns, and have oars and sails, are lying under cover until an occasion occurs to convert them to their inl nded purpose. It is the Governor's intention to liuild ten similar gunboats on Lake Ontario, and ten on Lake Erie. " The ship-carpenters employed," he says, " reside in the United States, and return home every winter." .L TORONTO: PAST AND PRKSBNT. 17 ^hc Jfivcit gccalic. 1794-1804. CHAPTER I. YOhK UNDER THE TUTELAGE OK GOVERNOR SIMCOE, DOWN TO 1796. FEW years since we rightly regarded tlie founding of New Westminster, in British ('oiuml)ia, as an event of great inter- est, indicating, as it conspicuously did, an important advance of (i^^'O^ English civilization into regions of the earth hitherto wholly ^^^i, undeveloped and savage. With the same fi^eling, at a later period ^'w we heheld Winnipeg, in Manitoba, projected, anC, Lientonant-Govcrnor Siincoc wa.s rather abruptly trans- /.tTiK^'.'f^ fencd f 10111 V^ppcr Canada to a post in the West Indies. Im- ■5^^^] portant duty was assijjjned liiin i'l or aliout St. Domingo. It (''■ViW^'' '** holieved that the Uniteil States authorities (piietly conuuuni- '■'f-' ^ oated to the Home (Jovernmoiit eoinpiainis of the bearing of his ' policy in this Province, and in regard to the surrounding Indian tribes, on the relations l)etween the two countries. The Governor was frank, as wo learn froiii Liancoiirt's narrative, in discovering his ideas and plans. The cfmversations of the Duke on his retnm to Philadelphia, followed soon by bis work, iiiny have drawn particular attention to Govcnor Simcoe. (leneral Simcoe, as we shall lememlu'r, h.ul been actively and conspicu- ously engaged in the war of the Revolution, and the soreness occasioned by the conHiet had not (piite i)as8ed away. He was very outspoken sometimes in regard to the enemy i)f onlyafewyeain before. To a friend ho had expressed the conviction that "an army of 10,000 men and a good navy could knock the United States into a nonentity," He did not be- lieve in the pormanenoe of the rnioii. The revolted territory might yet Olio day be under the sway of tireat Rritain. Even the contrast pre- sented by the happy iind dignified state uf things which would speedily clinraoteri/.o Upper Canada, would, he thought, in time put many in the Uniteil States out of conceit with the republican system. Meanwhile it was expedient that the country .should be put and kept in a good stnte of defence. The naval ami military armament along the frontier should be eflicient. More than five years had oinpsed since the Qovornor's appointment ; and, according to a later rule, a translation to another Hphere was to bo e.Npeitod. In many jioints of view, however, in the case of the first founder and organizer of the I'rovinco, a second term of ollico was very desiriiblo. So that the change wns more or loss of a surprise to al! cim- cernoil. In the jir i-lanrntion ilated September llth, 17iMi, issued by his tempo- rary successor, Mr. Russell, the GovernorM departure wan set forth simply >u«- .L TORONTO. ■ PAST AKD PRESEXT. 21 A little further on he remarks that York is an unhealthy place, and will long remain so, " from the nature of the ground which separates the hay from the lake." And next the Duke ventures to say, rather sweep- ingly, of the inhabitants of York, that "they do not possess the fairest character." Such is the very direct way in which the Duke is made to speak l>y his translator, H. Neuman, in the (piarto edition of the "Travels," published in London in 179!), and in most l>ooks on York these are usu- ally quoted as the Duke's words. What the Duke really said, having refer- ence of course to rumours brought over by AIM. d.e Petit-Tliouars and Ouil- lemard, was : " Les habitans n'y sont pas, dit-on, de la meilleure especo " — words not (jiiite so harsh. (See the Paris edition, " An vii de la Repub- liijue," tome ii., p. 112.) The head and front of the offending of the persons alluded to, who were, in fact, rather settlers on Yonre Street than "habi- tans" of the town of York, consisted, with the Duke, in their having abandoned the Pulteney settlement in the (Jenesce country across the lake, and transferred themselves to Upper Canada. The Duke specially mentions as the leader of these deserters " le nouun*? lierczy ' — in Neu- man, " the noted Herczy " — as then resident at York. For the action of Mr. Berczy and his (ierman friends satisfactory reason could probably be found, Mr. Berczy, and his son after him, both became men of much con- sideration in lJp|)er Canada. In uiy ipKttations from Liancourt I have corrected the orthography of Mr. Berezy's name From indistinctness in the Duke's handwriting, it was printed "Batzy" in the French edition. From the same fault in the handwritii\g of II. Neunuin it appeared as " Baty " i'> the Ki\gliHh translation. In both cases, readers of Liancourt's " Travels " may have been mystified. In 171Hi other works of a public nature, besides the Government build- ings, were in progress at York. I have a warrant U-fore me, dated in June, from the liieuteiuint-Ciovernor tj Mr. MeOill, Commissioner of Stiues, authorizing him "to supply from time to time from the government stores such ([uantities of rum as may be reipiired to be given to the men (Queen's Hangers employed on the wharf and canal at York. " A landing pier was bluing constructed at the garri.son, ami a navigalile opening made into the (iarrison creek. In an olil map, storo-hou.ses, afterwards iMiuverted into a military ho'^pital, are seen up this civek. And Mi-. D. W. Smyth, in the itit:<'ttci'r, informs us that the (Iarrison creek, "being improved with siniees, affords an easy access for lioat'* to go up to the stores," At this time we al.so have U.xen advertised for in the duKtti . as wanteil in con- nection with the canal at York. Mr. D, \V. Smyth likewise suggests a work which was loo bold to be attempted in 17!i(i. He savs a small i mmm 22 MEMORIAL VOLUME. creek in the neighbourhood — (was it the rivulet in the cemetery ravine ?) — n»ay, by means of a short dam, be thrown into all the streets of its lown. Tlie opening up of the great northern road, known throughout its whole length as Yonge Street, was a matter of no slight moment to the trade and general interests of York. This was eftected, in a rougli way, as has already been once intimated, by Augustus Jones and his men. On the 4th day of Januarj', 1796, he began the formal survey of the route, and the opening, as he writes, of " a cart-road from the harbour of York to Lake Simcoe." On Saturday, the 20th of February, the work was completed. The entry in the energetic surveyor's Journal on that day is : " Went to the Garrison, York, and waited on His Excellency, the Governor ; and informed him that Yonge Street is opened from York to the Pine Fort Landing, Lake Simcoe." The name " Yonge Street," it may be well to add, was so named in honour of Sir George Yonge, Secretary at War, 1782-1794. He died at Hampton Court, Sept. 26tli, 1812, iiged 80 ; wlien the baronetage wliich he hiui inherited became extinct. One structure erected by Governor Simcoe himself, at or near York^ remained a visible remind-r of his former presence, down to 182!). This wa« the building known as Castle Frank, on a steep declivity overlook- ing the valley of the Don. Its site was a few yards outside the northern boundary of St. James's cciiietory. Portion.s of a well-engineered bridle- road leading out to it from York can still be traced. The building, sim- ply a sunuuer-house of logs, carefully hewn and neatly fitted together, and then weather-boarded, was a private undertaking of the Governor's, on land belonging nominally to his young son, Frank. It was never permanently occupied by the Governor or his family ; but pleasant ex- cursions were repeatedly made to it while in course of erection and after- wards, in Ivoats up the Don, as well as by the bridle-road. The liitle stream which is still to be heard pleasantly gurgling down in the deep ravine of the cemetery, was " Castle Frai\k brook. " The build- ing was destroyeil liy fire in 182!). On a plan of the vicinity of York made by the Americans when in occupation of the place. Castle Frank is conspicuou-ily marked. That imckwheat had been sown in the clearing round (Vstle Frank in I7!)untry, which Great Britain now procures from other nations. Hemi) and Klax should be encouraged by Romulus. " He regards himself, wo see, as the founder of a state, as a Romulus. As to hemp, for a series of yeara, its cidtiva- tiiiri was expected to be a source of much wealth to Upper Canada, the navy of Great Britain incessantly requiring rope. " In the literary way, •■♦♦• -^•-< i. TORONTO: PAST AND PRESENT. I should be glad to lay," he sa3-s, " the foundation of some Society that, I trust, might hereafter conduce to the extension of Science. Schools have been shamefully neglected ; a College of a higher class tvould be emi- nently useful, and would give a tone of principles and of mannei-s that would be of infinite support to Government." Finally, I subjoin a list of books, of which I possess a copy, contained in three cases forwarded to Navy Hall, in 1793, " for the use of His Excellency the Lieutenant-Gover- nor." I take them to be, in part, at least, contributions from Sir Joseph Banks and other friends to intellectual progress in Upper Canada, in re- sponse to the suggestion in the letter above quoted. Among them is the very Encyclopifidia which the Marquis of B named as likely to prove useful. I take these books to be the first germs of a Public Libiary in Upper Canada. They were probably a portion of the spoil, when the Parliament Building at York was sacked in 1813. The collection referred to consisted of the following solid works : Encyclopindia, thirty-five volumes; D'Anville's Atlas; Johnson's Dictionary, that volume folio; Universal History, sixty volumes ; Receipts, Public Accounts, three volumes ; Cook's last voyage, four volumes ; Voyage to New South Wales ; Palladio, five volumes ; Hanbury on Planting and Gardening, two vol- umes ; Rutherford's Natural Philosophy, two volumes ; Postlethwayte on the Deity, two volumes ; Anderson on Commerce, six volumes ; Camp- bell's Political Survey, two volumes ; Guthrie's Geography, six volumes ; Bomare's Dictionnaire et Histoire Naturelle, six volumes ; Campbell's Lives of the Admirals, four volumes ; Cary's English Atlas ; Husbandry of the Midland, York and Norfolk Counties, six volumes. Mr. Peter Russell was holding the reins of power in Upper Canada when Parliament met for the first time at York. That was on the first day of June, 1797. The summons to the memliers ran in the usual way ; nominally as coming fiom the King himself, George IIL And now for the first time we have the Upper Canadian York spoken of in old feudal fashion as a Royal Town; as "Our Town of York." The King (through Mr. Ru,ssell) " convokes, and by these presents enjoins you, and each of you, that on the first ilay of June, in the year of Our Lord one thousand seven hundred and ninety-seven, you do meet Us in Our Provincial Parliament, in Our Town of York, for the actual dispatch of Public Business, and to take into consideratic, General Hunter wia alteady meditating reforms in the Upper Province. Colonel Shank writes from on board the La Topaze, of Quebec, on his way to England irom i ork, that " it is probable General Hunter may appoint to the auditor-generalship another jjcrson, ns the ofhce of receiver-general and it are incompatible." Colonel Shank further advises his friend thus : " Shew every attention in your power to General Ml*- -»even in the evening. By order of the Lieut.-Governor : James Green, Secretary." The imprint on the fourth page of the Gazette is : " Yoi k : printed by Order of His Excellency Gen- eral Hunter." " We hear that His Excellency has ordered the Parliament to meet on the 2iSth instant, for the actual despatch of business," is the language of the Gazette of May IGth, ISOl. It was to Governor Hunter that York was indebted for the first "Weekly Public Open Market" for the sale of cattle, sheep, poullry, and other provisions, goods and merchandize. It came into operation by Pro- clamation on the 5th of November, lHO'.i. Four acres and a half of land were set apart for market purposes. The present St. Lawrence Market occupies a part of the eastern portion of this allotment. Inconvenience having arisen from an insufficient supj)ly of professional men qualified to carry on the work of the Courts, the Lieutenant-Gover- nor was empowered by Parliament to authorize persons who should be found competent for such a purpose to practise, notwithstanding the ab- sence of legal training. By Proclamation in 1803, Governor Hunter accordingly designated Dr. W. W. Baldwin, of York, William Dickson, of Niagara, and D'Arcy Boulton, of Augusta (son of the judge), and John Powell, of York (father of the Mayor), as fit and proper per.sons to practise the profession of the law, and act as advocates in the courts, after having been duly examined by the Chief Justice. Having sprung, Mincrva-like, at once into being, in iidl professional maturity, witho\it passing through any of the usual puny stages, these gentlemen were afterwards sometimes alluded to by less favoured brethren of the robe as the " heaven-descended" barristers. \ork was visited in 1803 by the Duke of Kr»nt. While there his quar- ters were at Oakhill, the re'^idonce of General /Eueas Shaw. The Duke had paid a vfisit to Cana-la oneo before. Being at Halifax as Command- er-in-chief of the Forces, he made ari excursion to the Falls of Niagara, on which occasion he was entertained by Governor Simcoeat Navy Hall. I T ^r ■2?ff^-H- .L 34 MEMORIAL VOLUME. A private letter of the period, written at the Town of Niayara, mentions the Uulr»'s departure from that place, rather unceremoniously, not to say cynically. " The Prince left us this morning," (Sept. I7th, 1792) the writer says, " for Quebec, to the great joy of all parties. The town was most brilliantly illuminated last evening in honour of His Royal Highness. Candles are so scarce a commodity that I did not follow the example of my neighboui's." At the close of the year 1303, as I learn from a paper of statistics col- lected by Mr. W. L. Mackenzie, the aggregate value of property in the town of York was £14,871, and the annual tax levied on the inhabitants by tlie magistrates of the County in Quarter Sessions was £02. The area enclosed by tlie town plot was 420 acres. The population consisted of 45G persons. Ml*. TORONTO: FAST AND PRESENT. 86 1804-1814. CHAPTER I. ST. .JAMES S CHLIKCH IIUII/I'. — MU. STUAKTS SCHOOL. — FOUNDEUING OF THE SCHOONEU "SI'EEDV." — DEATH OF UOVEKNOH HUNTEK. — SUPPLIES OF YOKK. — MLNICII'AL AlUUNGKAIENTS. S^HE l)egiiming of tlic Second Decado of York was iiiiiiked liy M^ the completion and occupation of tlie ecclesiastical building w^jj whicli, seventy yeai-s later, developed into the noble cathedral- church of St. Janies, which now adonis Toronto. In liSO.'t, a *^f movement began, in the usual timid and doubting way, for the f iP erection of t church edifice by .subscriptions among the iidmbit- ants. After many meeting.s, and much discussion as to the material of the building — whether it should be of stone, i)rick, or wood — wood was finally resolved upon. The amount to which the committee was to limit itself in its engagement wa.s eight hundred pounds; but, in the first in- stance, it was tt; expend no more than six hundred pounds, if the s\ims subscribed and paid into the hands of the trea.surers, together with the moneys that might be allowed by the liritish (Jovernmeut, should amount to so nnich, A vi-ry plain barn-like .structtiro of framed timber, forty feet by fit\v, iitandin/ cask and west, wivs the outcom-j. (Miief Justice Klmsley, Mr. Rus.seU, Mr. MclJill, Dr. Macauluy, Mr. Chewott, and the two treiwurers, Mr Allan and Mr. Duncan Cameron, wore the committeo, with the cler- gyman, the llev. (i. Okiil Stuart, "he secretary to the committee was Mr. A. Nfacdonell. At t'l • raising ' i building a company of men from the garrison, i.y order of Colonel Siieatre, the commi'ndant, gave assistance. Mr. Stuart, afterwards .Vrchdeacon Stuart of Kingston, was the son of the Uev. Dr. J. Stuart, clei;rvman at Kingston, 178M-1811 Mr. Stuart liad recently been appointed Mii.saionary at York. Previously divine ii- t I' ^ tim mmm mmi -•-(M 3G MEMORIAL VOLUME. service had occasionally been conducted in the north public building, near the mouth of the Don, chiefly bj a layman, Mr. Cooper. Tiie Rev. Mr. Raddish, the friend of Chief Justice Elmsley, a dindy-seen figure among the -h Public Schools in each and every District of the Province. Mi.- Kxeelleiicy Governor Gore, through Major llalton, Ills si'cretary, wa.s pleased to appoint me teachei' of the District School in York in the Home District; the letter duted the Kith of April, 1807." On June 1st, the school opened. Tlie terms appear to have been four dollars a ipiaiter, with six York shillings for proportion of wood iti the winter mouths. Daughleis as well as sons out of most of the well-to-do families at York were admitted at the school, 1807 1811 ; but towards the latter date the yuung ladies, I think, somewhat fell off. In addition to other wojthy citizens the following appear " inaeeompt " in Mr.Stuart's k ►♦«- TORONTO; PAST AND PRESENT. 37 book " for tuition and instruction " to tlieir sons and daughters : William Jarvis for his son William, and his daughters Hannah, Eli>:a Anne and Maria ; Stephen Jarvis for his sons George and William ; Thd two shillings, New York curicmy, for dried, ami one shilling foi' green. Society at. York again received a shock in the fullowing year. Tidings suddenly arrived that the Lieutenant-Governor, General Hunter, had died at Quebec (August 21st, 180.")). Being (\)mmander-in-Chief of the Korc(\s, as well as liieutenant Governor, ho was often cidl"d away from the capital to visit the military post«. A kiml of standing commissinn of rt>gency had been appoinl(>d to act during his alwence, consisting of Mi'. Ru.ssell, Chief Justice Elmsley, and '',::;,ral ..'Kiioas Shaw; and as substitute ';!. I i mmmmm 38 MEMORIAL VOLUME. for any or either of them, Mr. McGill. A letter from Major Green, at Quebec, to a friend at York, states the cause of death : " He had for some time weakened himself too much by a low regimen, which prevented the disease (gout) getting into the extremities as formerly." Governor Hunter met Parliament four times at York. Among the measures passed by his sanction were Acts for the more equal rei>resentation of the Commons of the Province ; for making Cornwall, Johnstown, Newcastle, York, Niagara, Queenstown, Fort Erie, Turkey Point, Amherstburgh and Sand- wich, ports of entry, with Collectors of Customs, " who are to have Hfty percent, on the duties, until the same amounts to £100; and then, no more ;" for preventing the sale of spirituous liquors and strong watei-a among the Moravian Indians settled on the Thames ; for the pay of the otticers of the Legislative Council and House of Assembly ; for allowing ten shillings per day to members of Parliament, to be levied by local assess- ment ; for regulatir ^ e'livlug, packing and inspecting of beef and pork ; and for the enc jurag a the growth of hemp. General Huntei was u i; '; dt Quebec Tn the Engli.sh cathedral there a mural tablet is seen, placed to his memory by his brother. No portrait 1ms us yet been discovered of Governor Hunter, though diligent in(|uirie,s and search have been instiaited, to add to the series at (tovernment House, Toronto. Some gli.npses of demand and supply in respect of house-keeping and family ret|uirenients in York, at the beginning of its Second Decade, are uH'orded by such notices as the following, in the Ottzette of that period. The primitive practice of bartei and payment in kind still, as we shall see, to some extent prevailed. ( )n the hlh of November, iHO-t, Mr. Quetton St. George closes an advertisement of his merchandize at York, with the N.H. that he " will take in payment, Furs, Flour, Butter and Cheese, provided (he Hour be in barrels, well jiacked and of good (juality." The very miscel- laneous sort of goods oH'ered by Mr. St. George, and of course expected to be askeil lor by tin' people of York, runs as follow,. : " Hats, liquors, crockeiy and glass-ware, wiiidow-glas.s, nails, iron and steel, hanies,ses, eollttrs, cart saddles, bridles, horse-bells, girths, long-reins, chalk, whiten- ing, pipeclay, curry-combs, (lints, vermilion, cod-lines, ti.shiiig-lines, Ited- cord, sheet-iron, snuH", hair-powder and starch, copper kettles, iron pots, padlocks and locks, hammers, j)ound-pins, basket-.salt, noyeaux, ratjiHa, putty, pipes, coH'ee, brimstone, smuothing-irons, double stoves, ready-nwide carpets, rose blanke(s, cat -gut, black corduroy, black everlasting, black bombazeen, silk bandana handkerchiefs, black, blue and whiter satin rilibon, narrow do,, black, blue ami .vhito China ilo„ narrow do., white edging, TORONTO: PAST AND PRESENT. 30 ^L men's cravats, black and green gauze, plain muslin, muslin and linen cambriek, cambrick shawls with fringe, do. embroidered, elegant silk shawls, Italian silk, black lutestring, green satin, long lawn, table cloths, calicoes, green canvas for blinds, black silk handkerchiefs, men's and women's white worsted stockings, women's black and blue do., ladies' silk gloves, cotton do.. East India sugar, candlewick, rosin, alum, copperas, young Hyson and green teas, olives, anchovies, capers, patent yellow, weavers' reeds, isinglass, pearl barley, sago, slaj'-whips." On the I7th of the following May, another of Mr. St. George's adve-tisements appeai-s, ecjually diversified with innunieraljle additions of other goods, including wines, spices, jewellery, cutlery, books. And in another, I notice shoes and slippers of every kind, and garden seeds in great variety ; also, pot- ash kettles, with the offer to receive pot and pearl-ash in payment. Mr. Cameron, publi.sh(. of the York Gurdte in March, 1809, addresses " country subscribev, who are in arrears for the Gazette and advertise- ments insertetl by desire," and reijuests of them " to leave, if convenient to them, the amount in any grain advertised to be purcha.sed by Mr. St. (ieorge, at the places he proposes to receive grain in the countrj' ; a doc\i- ment from the mil'er or person in charge of the mill will oblige the sub- scriber : J, ( 'anieron." On the .Srd of June, ISO'), the two bake-.'ii, Francois Balcour, and F. Ma- rian, notify the public of York that, "on account of the present scarcity of Flour, they are under the disagreeable necessity of raising their Bread to eigh teen-pence, New York currency, per loaf; not bung able to attonl it for less after this date." In the Gnzi'tte of September 2Htli, bSO,'), Air. Robert Henderson, brewer at York, makes the following announcement: " Brewing business, Tiie subscriber informs his customers and the Public in general, that ho ha.s eoinmenced Brewing for the season ; and is now ready to deliver St long and Table Beer in barrels and half barrels of good quality ; and intends to begin brewing his Keeping Ale for the ensuing summei, in the course of next month ; and pledges himself that more atten- tion tluin ever shall be paid to the (piality of his Keeping Beer," (iermane to all this is Mr, Daniel Tiers's very John-Bull-like advertisement, several times re])eated in IHOfS: "Beef Steak and Beer Houses. The subserilier informs his friends and the public that he has opened a House of Knter- tainment, !iext door east of Mr, Hunt's, where his ♦'■ lends will be served with victualling in good order, on the shortest notice, and at a cheap mte. He will furnish tlit^ best strong beei' at eight-pence New York cinrency per (piaii, if drank in his house, and two shillings and six-pence New Yiii'k currency per gallon, if taken out. As he intends to kee|) a constant •■*■♦- ^IWWP ^ 40 MEMORIAL VOLUME. supply of racked beer, with a view not to injure the health of his cus- tomers, and for which ho will have to pay cash, the very profits at which he offers to sell will put it out of his power to give credit, and he hopes none will be asked. N. B.— He will immediately have entertainment for man and horse." The Town and Parish officers, elected at the annual Town Meeting held at Stoyell's Inn, York, on the 3rd of March, 180G, given in the Gazette of March 8th, were a.s follows :— "Ely Playter, town clerk ; John Detlor and Ely Playter, assessoi-s ; Thomas Mo.sley, collector; Robert Henderson, town warden ; Duncan Cameron, church-warden, appointed by the Rev. Mr. Stuart. Overseers of Highways and Fence-viewers — Benjamin Mos- ley, from Scadding's Bridge to Scarborough lino; George Castner, from Bay Road to Don Mills ; Thomas Hamilton, from the East part of the Town of York to the Don Bridge ; Eli|)halet Hale, for the West part of the Town of York to the Garrison ; Benjamin Davis, for the Humber Road; Jesse Ketchum, from No. 1 to half the Big Creek Bridge on Yonge Street ; William Marsh, junior, from half the Big Creek Bridge to No. 17 on i!o. : Abraham Johnson, from No. 10 to No. 25 on do., William Jones for the West end, and George W. Post for the East end, of Scarborou^'h Levi Divines for the North part, and Joseph Ogden for the South [.-; ^, ot btobicoke ; John Barry for the Mil! or Upper Road in do. Pound-keepers— Isaac Collombes for the Town of York ; William Marsh for Yonge Street ; Jacob DeLong for the Humber ; Andrew Thompson, senior, for Scarborough ; Daniel Stuart for Etobicoke. Agreed by a o'jority of the inhabitants that hogs shall run at large in the coun- try. i''ences to be five feet high, with stakes and I'ider.s, and no more than a space of four inches between the rails, to tlie height of three feet of the same." >-n«- TORONTO : PAST AND PRESENT. 41 CHAPTER II. COMMODORE GRANT S PRESIDENCY. AT YORK. -NATURAL PHILOSOPHY 'R. ALEXANDER GRANT, who, by an understood rotation in the Executive Council, now became temporary governor, was an interesting character. Hitherto military officera had been at the head of affairs. A sailor now took the helm. Mr. )^\l Grant had been at sea in his youth : first, in the merchant service, ^^ and then in a man-of-war, as midshipman. In 17">7 a Highland regiment wa.s being rai.;ed for service in America, and he received a com- tnis-siou in it. Ho now came under the command of General Amherst, afterwards Lord Amherst. When the expedition against (Canada 'loved northwards, ships were required on the lakes for transport. Mr. Cirant, as having naval experience, was put in cominaml of a slocjp of sixteen guns. He thenceforward continued to bo connected with the naval ser- vice, and was gener'dly spoken ol' in t'anada as Commodore Grant. He die i in IJSl.S at his oli. fann at (irape Point, almvo Di^troit, leaving an only .son. Colonel (Jrant, of Brockvillu. Mr. Joseph Woods, some time M.P. for Kent, and Mr. Robert Woods, Q.C, of Chatham, were grandsons. When there existed in I 'pper Canada such high oHiciais as Lieutenants of Counties, Mr. Grant was Lieutenant of the (Jounty of Essex. I do not observe that any local names on the map of Ontario have been derived from the commodore. During the short abuinistration of Mr. Grant, a very credittvble mea- sure which, it is pleasant to think, ori.^initeil witli him, was pa.ssed by the Parliament at York. The modern zeal for the initiation of Canadian youtli in natural seiencos wius thereby anticipated by at least fifty years. On the 3rd of March, IS0(5, the sum of four hundred pounds was vnted for the purchasi' of "Ci'rtain a[ipivi'atus for the promotion of .science." The preamble of the Act sot forth in naive style that " it is of impoi tance to the welfare of this Province that the rising generation may \w fur- nished with the moans of s\ich instruction as may render them u.sefid members of the community." The appar.itus was to consist of " a collec- tion of instruujonts suitable and proper for iliusti-ating the principles of ( 42 MEMORIAL VOLUME. Natural Philosophy, Geography, Astronomy, and the Mathematics." The Governor was empowered " to deposit the said instruments, under certain conditions, in the hands of some person employed in the education of youth in this province, in order that they may be as useful as the state of the pro- vince will permit." This last provision of the Act may have been inspired from Cornwall. It is certain that these instruments were in the custody of Dr. Strachan after his removal from Cornwall to the head-mastership of the District School at York ; and, doubtless, many other persons in Upper Canada, besides the present writer, received from these very instru- ments, when deposited in that institution, their first impressions of an air-pump, an electrical machine, and the various ingenious contrivances for illustrating the laws of motion, the elasticity of bodies, the e(iual velocity of light and heavy substances falling in a vacuum, and .so on. To anticipate for a moment : a Gazette of the year 1818 had in its columns the following advertisement : — " Natural Philosophy — The subscriber intends to deliver a course of popular lectures on Natural Philo.sophy, to commence on Tuesdny the 17th inst., at 7 o'clock p.m., .should a number of auditors come forward to form a cla.ss. Tickets of admission for the course (price Two Guineas) may be had of William Allan, E.scj., Dr. Home, or at the School-house. The surplus, if any, after defraying the current expenses, to be laid out in painting the District School. John Strachan, York, 3rd of February, 1818." It was at that period, probably, tliat means were supplied for giving to the exterior of the District Sch:)ol-hou.se that memorable azure hue which caused it to Ikj so familiarly spoken of for long years afterwards as " the old Blue School," by those who had once occupied — and hel|)ed to carve — tlie benches within its walls. Tiie win- dow-frames and corner-finishings of the building were painted white. The church, just across the road, was painted in exactly the same hues. The d^-bris of this historical collection of philosophical instruments may still be viewed at Upper Canada College. It may be added that in the Memoir of Dr Strachan, by the late Bishop Bethune, it is stated that, at one time, he was about to be appointed demonstrator for the eminent Dr. Brown, when delivering his lectures as Professor of Natural Philosophy in the University of Gla.sgow. ^" t -♦u-« TORONTO: PAST AND PRESENT. 43 ^ CHAPTER III. GOVKUNOK GOKE AKUIVES. — ADDRESSES OF WELCOME. I'AltLIAMENT AT YORK. HE MEETS 5N 180G, Governor Hunter's successor in the Lieutenaut-Gover- noi-sltip of Upper Canada arrived. Extracts from conospond- ence of the period will inspire more interest in the events of the day at York and elsewhere in the Province than a mere narrative. The Gazettes and other printed documents will also * furnish some incidents. Captain Green, late military secretary to Governor Hunter, writes from Quebec to his friend Mr. McGill, at York, iOth of May, 1»0G, thus : "You will have heard that Mr. Francis Goie, Lieutenant-Governor of Bermuda, is ap'/ointed to Upper Canada ; hut we have as yet no Commander-in- Chief named." Then, on the 7th of July, he writes ajjain ; sind after treating of some other things, he adds: " Although late, I must not omit to men- tion hastily that the Lieutenant-Governor's baggage arrived this forenoon in the brig Uniconi, from Bermuda: him.telf was to tivke his paasage to Halifax in the Triton frigate, from whence, how he may come to Quebec I cannot say." On the Hth, however. Captain Green's words are : " I have to announce to you the arrival here of Lieutenant-Governor and Mr,s. Gore, and a MajorHalton, his .secretary, on the 12th instant, from Halifax, in the Driver sloop-of-war. They landed at one o'clock, yesterday, under a salute of thirteen guns, from each of the men-of-war, and from the guns of the Grand Battery." He then adds t*o items which he knew would interest the fa.shiotiable circle at York : " They have no children," he remarks : "Mrs. Gore is a relation of Lord Fitzwilliam, one of tlie Ministry in England, and of the Lieutenant-Governor of Halifax." On the 11th of July he writes to his friend McOill thus: " I have by the last post in- formed you of the arrival of the Lieutenant-(iovernor, since which I have had a greal deal of confidential communication with him, during which I took an opportunity of recommending you and our friend Scott in the warmest terms ; and you will tine of the Governor's wife and her surroundings : " If vou and Mrs. McGill are fond of monkeys, marmosets, pet-dogs and cats, you will soon have a tine impor- tation of those species from Bermuda. Mrs. Gore," he remarks, " appears further advanced in age than the Lieutenant-Governor. She is a chatty, well-bretl woman." Then, on the 31st, the departure of the new Governor for the Upper Province is announced : " Lieutenant-Governor Gore having left Lachine this morning, you will probably I'eceive this letter by his arrival. Pra}' give my best respects to the Chief," (Chief Justice Scott), he continues, "and tell him I .should have dropped him a line to-day also, had 1 anything to say, except that we cannot learn a syllable of Mr. Chief Justice Allcock's movements ; they are slow for certain." In his letter by the next mail, Captain Green takes for granted that the new Governor has arrived at York, ami he anticipates the happy influence of his "amiable manners" on aHkiis in Upper Canada generally. "Of course, I may con- gratulate you," he says, "on the .safe arrival of your Lieutenant-Governor, whose amiable maimers will, I think, conciliate the various points that have hitherto been in opposition, to tiiat cordiality which must ever reign in societies well regulated. How hap|)y should I be to hear such were the ert'eets of the first acts of his administration." In September, in reply to a communication from York, Captain Green writes : " It gives me very sincere satisfaction to timl that the Lieutenant-Governor is so well liked. I trust he will put the axe at once to the root of the ti-eo of discord and anarchy, which lately has raised its head amongst you ; that done, you will succeed well and prosper." Tiie allii.-iions will be presently explained. Addresses of welcome in the usual strain came in from all quarters on Governor Gore's arrival at York. Among them was one from the inha- bitants of the Quaker settlement, on Yoiige Street, given in the Gazeltt'. They salute him as " Francis Gore, Govci'nor of Upper Canada;" and among other things the}' say, " We are concerned for thy welfare and the prospe- rity of the Province; hoping thy administration may be such as to be a tenor to the evil-minded, and a pleasure to them that nates for a Ligiit- house on Gibraltar Point, at York Accordingly, in that year we have the Governo.' crossing over to fix upon tl.e best situation for .micIi a struc- ture. Major Halton writes hurriedly to Mr. McGill at eight o'clock in the morning: " Tlie Lieutennnt-Govornor is going over to Gibraltar Point to examine where it may be most advi.sablo to build a Lighthouse" Mr. McGill is to send the keys of the King's sto'.v-houses at the Point imme- diately, as His E..cellency wants, when over tluTc, to look into them. " Wv (>xpect to be back agiiin about one o'('Iock." -(luriously, while Gi)vernor of the Bcrmu.las, Mr. Gore had been instrumental in the erection of the first important ligi-; hou.se in that group of islets. Tin Lighthou.so at(Jibraltar Point, which yet casts afar its bright beams over bay and lake, drring the season of navigation, 'bus becomes not oidy a r.'minder of a ijuondam notable ruler of Uppor ' 'aiuula, but also a link of as.socia- tion to the thoughtful an'>, now in my possession, has in bis own liandwnting til') follow! ng inscription : " K. Libria Petri Russell, Cant. Alumn. Divi Johannis," implying tbat was a " Jobnian," I.e., a member of St. John's ( 'ollege in Cambridge. He was a man, it may lie added, of scien- tiHc tendencies. He formed a birge mineralogical collection. An isolated building on his premises at the comer of Princes and Palace Streets wqj* fitted up as a regular chemical laboratory ; and so p .uous was be in the researeb(>s and experiments carried on there in c(im))lete solitude, that, a.s in Uogei' Bacon's case aforetime, a .soiipc^on of devotion lagic and necromancy was actually attached to him in the minds of so. .;. In Governor (lore's .speech at York at the opening of Parliament in liSO!) "sas the <'ollowing ominous p -^sage : "Hitherto we have enjoyed traiiipiillity, jt'.enty and peace. How long it may [ilense the Supreme Ruler of Nations thus to favour us is wisely concealed from our view. But under such circumstances it becom(^s us to prepare ourselves to meet every event, and to evince by our zeal and loyalty that we know the value of oiu' c( stitution,and are worthy of the name of liritish subjects." Storms and tempests had been raging throughout the political atmos- phere over the whole of Kurope ever since IT'SM. Now a black thunder cloud detachi'd from tbat (puirter seemed moving towards UjiiJer Canada. Under Napoleon's instigation, Mr. Madison's gov(>rnmont in the United States, at this juncture, conceived the idea of becoming possessed of the whole of the Nortb Ameiican ( 'ontinent, restoiing, jierhaps, for a sea.son at least, the Kreneb jiortion of Canada to th(> protectorate of France. Now was the time '. Kngland's hands were fully em))loyed. I'retct.vtH of (puirri'i with i'lngland wore therefoi agerly seized, in spite of Kngland's earnest elfort-s to renuiin at peace with her near kith ami kin. (iovernor tiere was imt a ligiiting man. In 1811 leave of alisence from his province was grant''il him ; ami after clnsing the session at York for tbat year, be withdrew with his giMid amialde lady and her meiiagerii' of pet« to Kngland, where theyarrivt^l safely at Torcpniy on the lith of Decendter, l«ll. Majm-Oeneral Hrock now appears on the scene. Just before the de- parture of the (lores from York, Major-deneial Hrock if\w\d some days with them very plea.santly. He thus writes to hi: brother in (iuernsey from Fort (leorge: " I returned recently," lie Mays, 'from York, the capi- tal of the Province, where I passed ten days vith the (Iovernor, as gen- »*4 li TORONTO. PAST AND PRESENT. 51 erouH sincl hoiiost a Leiiig as ever cxistcil. His lady," ho prooeefln to say, "is perfectly well-bred and very agi'eeable. I found ample recompense in their society for the inconvenienco of travellinj,' over the worst roads f ever met with." He mentions a paiticiilar which would he of special in- terest to a Ciuernsey man. "Tli.> (lovcrnor," he .says, "was formerly (luartered with the ■Hth in (Juernsey, and recollects vividly the society of those days." In nil his letters, Brock spoke in the most friendly manner of Oovernor Oore. In a despatch to Sir George I'revost, sncces.sor to Sir James ( 'raig, lie refers the new (lovernor-in-ehief to former coiiununications oi (lover- nor Ooro to his predecessor, for a " correct view of the temper and com- position of the militia and Indians." He .speaks of the fact that (lovernor (iorehad "revived the Glen^'arry Kencihles." He also lauds the " strict economy which (iovernor (lure constantly bestowed on the expenditure of the public money." Rrock, it appears, onec crossed the lake from Niagara to York in a canoe, with Ciovornor acity and habits, exerted himself to etfeet the settlement of Dr. Straehan in York. The mettle of the new-comer was s')on i)ut to the tist. Throughout thethree years' war. Dr. Strachan's whole energies were devoted to rousing and sustaining tiu! courage of t!ie people, and to the aiil and sustenance of the woundeil, the sick, uiul the captiired. Mori? than once was he in peril i\( his life, while inter|)iising in defence of fellow-townsmen against plunderal the hands of the soldiery in pipssession. The subseijuently rammis "l.uyal and I'aliiolie Society of I'p- per ( 'nnada" was organizeil eJiielly thnnigh his intliience. This assdcialion guaranteed prnvision fur the widows and urphans >>{' (he militia, for the wu\nide(l and maimeil, and fur those who siilferetl tutal luss of homi' and eliects in the war. it also proposed tu distinguish marked a<'ts nf eour- ngeous conduct liy the pre.-entatiun of a medal— a portion of its phm not cRiried into etle<'t, from the ditliculty ultimately e\peri(>i\ced in ih'ciiling who should be recijiients; altiiough tlie mednl was designed and .struck. I W9m .52 MEMORIAL VOLUME. CHAPTER VI. WAR DECI,AKK1> HY THE UNITED STATES. — CANADA INVADED. — brock's prompt ACTION AT Y(»KK, AT 1,0N(; POINT, AT AMUEHST- RURG, AT DETROIT. — RETURNS TO YORK. — FALLS WHILE REPEL- LING A SECOND INVASION. ^ENERAL BROCK met Parliament twice at York: first, just be- fore the (ieclaration of war; am! again, in a special session, immediately after the declaration. His speeches on these occa- sions, and the proclamaticms issued under his authority, had a powerful effect. His was a character which created confidence and called forth enthusiasm. " Even to tho dullest peasant in his camp His spirit lent n flro." Jlerc are moving words, addressed to the Hou.se in his last speech: " When invaded by an enemy who.so avowed object is tho entire conquest of the Province, tho voice of loyalty, as well as of Miterest, calls aloud to every person, in the sphere in which he is ]>laced, to defend his country. Our militia have heard that voice, and have obeyed: they have evinced in the promptitude and loyalty of their conduct that they are worthy of the king wh jm they servo, and of the institutions which they enjoy ; and it affords me parti(^ular satisfaction in that, while I address you as legis- lators, I speak to men who, in the day of danger, will be ready to assist, not only with their counsel, but with their arms." And again : " We are engaged in an awful and eventful contest. By unanimity and despatch in our councils, and by vigour in our operations, wo may teach the enemy this lesson, that R country defended by free mon, enthusiastically devoted to the cause of theii king and constitution, can never lie compiered." In the cotintei -proclamation to that of th(> invader, Hull, is a stern and wholesome ailmonition to any who might waver in their allegiance: " Every Canadian ficeliolder is by deliberate choice bound by the most solemn oaths to defend the monarchy as well as his own property, 'i'o shrink from that i>ngagoment is a treason not to be forgiven, lict no man suppose llmt if, in this uuoxpec'.i Htrugg'e, His Majesty's arms TORONTO: PAtiT AND PRESENT. on should be compelled to yield to an overwhelming force, the Province will bo eventually abandoned. The endeared relations of its first aettlers, the intrinsic value of its commerce, and the pretensions of its powerful rival (bVancej to repossess the L'anadas, are pledges tliat no peace will be es- tablished between the United States and Great Britain and Ireland, of which the restoration of these provinces does not make the most pronn- nent condition." When tlie certaint}' of hostilities first became known, (loneral Brock was at York. Within a few hours, two companicj of the -tlst Regiment, then in gai lison here, were despatched in boats to Fort George ; whither also, after he had held a Council and issued a summons for a special ses- sion of the Legislature, ho himself repaired, crossing the lake in an open boat, accompanied by his aide-de-camp. Captain Olegg. Some months before the declai'ation of war. Brock had formed his plans for the defence of Upper Canada. Thus he wrote from York to (jolonel Baynes, Adjutant-General at Quel>ec, February tlie 12th ; " I set out with declaring my full conviction that unless Detroit and Michilimackinac be both in our possession immediately at the commencement of hostilities, not only the district of Amherstburg, but most probably the whole country as far as Kingston, must bo evacuated. How necessary, iheiefore, to pro- vide effectually the means of their capture." in accordance with the.se tactics, on the 2Gth of June he sends orders to Captain Roberta, of the 10th Royal Veteran Battalion, in command at Fort St Joseph, to po.ss^^ss himself of Michilimackinac; a service bravely performed on the 17th of July. Five days previous to that date, namely, on the 12th of July, Oenc'ral Hull had cros.sod with 2,.')0() men, at Sand- wich, expecting an instant submission on the ])art of the inhal)itants. Colonel I'roetor, of the 41st Regiment, was sent forward to reinforce and take conn '.nd at Amherstburg, the post now especially threatened, and the assui .ico was circulated that Brock him.sclf would follow immediately. All this, together with the almost complete abseUK^ of any signs of ^c\- eome, brought it to piiss that by the Nth of August tho invading forces were withdrawn to their own side of the liver. On the 'ith of August, Brock, in perwm, starts from York for Amherst- buig, accompanied by one hundred volunteers from the militia of the York garrison. He piocecds now, not by Niagara, but by Burlington Bay, and along the old Grand lliver PorUigo to Long Point. Here was the rcny pushed wt^stwaid, nndei' the lee of the north shore of Lake Krie. On the 12th, they are oil' Point aux Pius. On 54 — ff*- MEMOBIAL VOLUME. tlio 13tli, they aro at their destination. Here .some Indians, under Tecuni- aeh, join tliem. The enemy havinj^ retired, the capture of his stronghold at Detroit is decided on and planned. On the Kith the as.sault takes place, and the result ensues of a sui under of Hull and his whole force. Of all gala days hitherto witnessed at York, the 17th of August, 1812, was the most bright ami exhilarating. On that day Broi'k arrived there after his great succe.s.s. Only nineteen days had elap.scd since his closing speech to the Parliament. Probably no .salute from the garrison hailed his approach on the occasion. The article of powder was too precious, and too essential for real uses, to be idly wasted. The omission was made good a few weeks later, when the Tower-guns of London were fired in honour of his exploit. All York felt precisely n.s Mr. Justice Powell wrote to Brock on the spur of the moment : " I shall hardly sleep until I have the satisfaction of hearing paiticulars of tlio wonderful excursion, for it nuist not be callad a campaign. The veni, ridi, rlci is again the faithful report. Your good fortune in one instance is .singular; for if your zeal had been thwarted by such adverse winds as frecjuently occur on the lake, the armistice might have intercepted your career. Tiiat it did not, 1 heartily thank Ood, and pray that nothing may occur to damj) the entire satisfaction of your.self anssion made in Kngland liy the loss just sustained, will express what all felt and thou>j;ht at York : " This would have Ijeen suffi- cient to cloud a victory of much gn^ator iiiipoitance. His Majesty has lost in him not only an able and meritorious ofHccr, hut one also who, in the exorcise of his functions of [)ro visional Lieutenant-Governor, dis- played qualities atlmiraldy adapted to awe the disloyal, to reconcile the wavering, and to animate the great mass of the inhahitants against suc- cessive attempts of the enemy to invade the province, in the Inst of which he unhappily fell, too prodigal of that life of which his enunent services had taught us to undei'stand the value." The greater loss, of course, for the moment overshadowed all the lesser one.s arising oiit of the engagement on Queenston Height,s, which indi- viduals and families were calleil to deplore at York and elsewhere. Among these, in jmrticular, the fall of tlw y""thful Attorney-General of the province, John Macdonell, deeply affected a wide circle. Acting as provincial aide-de-camp to the Gcsneral, in his cajiacity of a lieutenant- colonel of the ( 'anailian militia, he leceived his death wound by the side of Brock on (^)ueenst«n Heights. " He fell," as in the standard ilemoir of Brock it is sUvted, " while gallantly charging, with the hercilitary cou- rage of his race, up the hill, with one hundred and ninety men, chietly of the York Volunteers, by which charge the enemy was compelltMl to s|)ike the IM-pounder and the battery thei'e ; and his memory will Ik3 clierished as long as courage and devotion are reverenced in the province." His mor- tal remains repose by the side of Brock under the noble monument at Queenston. Mr. Attorney-General Macdonell was a member of the Scoto- Canadian family of that name long established at York. I! >(i.»- 56 MEMORIAL VOLUME. CHAPTER VII. AUTHORITIES AT YOUK TAKEN HY SURPUISE.— THE PLACE CAP- TURED HY A UNITED STATES ARMED FORCE. — EVACUATED.— RE- VISITED FOR A DAY. HE most loinarkable episode in the whole of the forty yeaix' liistory of York, Upper Canada, occurred in lb].'}. On the Hag-staff of its garrison no longer waved the ensign of Great Britain. The star-spangle.l banner of the United States was ™.u- '^^'^^ Hoating in its place. For an interval of eleven days the ^y town was in the occupation of an armed force from that quarter. During the winter of 1812-'13 an expedition had been Htted out at Sac- kctt'a Harbour by General Dearborn, having in view the capture of Fort George, which was now the key of the conununication between lakas On- tario and Erie ; but in passing, York was to be visaed, and such military and naval atoies as should be found there were to be removed or destroyed. The authorities at York and their superior at Quebec were to a con- siderable extent caught napping. General Dearborn and Commodore Chauncey were up and stining too early in the season for them. The American commanders probably knew n-.uch more of the defences along the Upper Canada border than iiic Canadian authorities knew of the pre- parations and plans of the authorities at Sackett's Harbour and Washing- ton. Joseph Bouchette. in a note to his " British Dominions " (i. H!)), thus bemoans the failure of an admonition offered by himself;—" The defence- less situation of York, the mode of its capture, and the destruction of the large ship there on the stocks, were but too prophetically demonstrated in my report to headquarteia in Lower Canada, on my return from a re- sponsible mission to the capital of the Upper Province in the early part of April. Indeed the communication of the result of the reconnoitring operations, and the intelligence of the successful invasion of York, and the firing of the new ship by the enemy, were received almost simultane- ously." On the 27th of February, 1813, General Sheaft'e, the now provisional-gov- ernor of Upper Canada, mot a Parliament at York. " Ho |)rocee.led to the Government Buildings," a contemporary paper informs us, " accompanied mmum -^(H rOBONTO: FAST AND PRESENT. 57 by a nunieroiiH suite." In view of the event** which occurred within a few weeks, we read some sentences in the speecli with a stre)ng sense of tlie futility of what is sometimes contained in such productions. General Kheatte thus congratulateil the House on the results of the last campaign. " The enemy has been foiled in repeated attempts at inva.sion ; three of his armies have lieen surrendered, or completely- defeated ; important for- tresses have been wrested from him." " You will learn with great satis- faction," he informs tiie House, " that the mc t vigorous measures have been adopted under the our. The Hendd of August 21st reports : " Chauncey arrived at Sackett's Harbour on the evening of the 13th ; and .sailed on the 18th. He was seen about four or five miles abovi^ Kingston. Connnodore Yeo was at the head of the lake near Four Mile Creek. It was ex|)ectcd there would soon be another naval engagemoiit." To the popular imagination of the United States the capture of York wp mad' to loom large. In S. G. Goodrich's Pictoiial History of Ai icn •. 760), the illustration representing the death of General Pike rk in the background as a compact, solidly built town, with man ixli steeples 4 TORONTO: PAST AND PHESENT. 61 and turrets, wliile the fortifications in front are of masonry worthy of Quebec. The autumn of 1813 passed glooniily with tlie inhabitants of the twice- sacked York. Their minds, however, would be cheered in December by the intelligence that Fort George had been abandoned by the enemy and re-occupied by British troops. At the same time their sympathies would be deeply stirred for their fellow-countrymen at Newark. An act uni- versally reprobated was committed by General McClure on his retirement from Fort George. The adjoining village (Newark) was deliberately fired, and the whole of its population rendered homeless. Great suffering ensued, the winter being unusually severe, and the ground covered deep w.th snow. To those at York who n.ight chance, on the night of the 13th of December, to direct their attention .southward, th. cdow from the flames of the burning Newark would be visible. Immedirtely after the re-occupation of Fort George by Colonel Murray, a surprise was planned for the fortre.ss on the opposite bank of the river. This was effected on the night of the 19th of December, and the fort was captured Mc- Clure's destruction of Newark was swiftly followed by painful retali- ations-Youngstown, Lewiston, Black Rock and Bnttalo being succes.sively attacked ami fired by armed bodies despatched for the puriK)se from the Canadian side. ii f "?* (I ?5P' 02 MEMORIAL VOLUME. CTTT W.\\t 'Hurt gccak. 1814-1824. ^^^^!>y Tl.oivinn CH^iTKR I. PAYS OK I'EUPI.EXITY AT YORK. — PUESIDKNT DRl'MMONU fAbTKHWAnDS SIR UORDON) MKEIS PAKUAMKNT THKRK. — RE-OR(JANIZATI()N OK ' MAI'.KKT AT VORK. — IKASK l'.K( l.ARKP, nK(K>M)KR "HVM, ISH, lUT NOT KNOWN AT YORK INTII, TO\» AROS THE END OK THE KoI-i.OWINO KEIIRUAUY. — A MONUMENT TO SIR ISAAC BUOefore the decease of his eldest son, and of '' all and every other son or sons." " Saiil provisions in saiil two several Acts contained shall be, and the same are, hereby repualeil." So spake the Legislature at York, March 14th, 1M14, and the forfeiture of inheritance tor troBson was iiceordingly still in full force in rp|n i Canada. One Act, e.\pressly local, for the benefit of Yoi'k, was pa.ssed in this session, (iovernor Hunter, as will bo rememben-d, had ordered a public wei'kly market for York in IXO.'V Hut .something supj)lementary, with authority of Parliament, was now reijuired. The Commissioners of the Peace in the Home district were "authorised aiul empowered to fix U|»on and establish some convenient pliiec in the Town of York, as a market, where butcher's meat, butter, eggs, poultry, fish and vegetables .shall Ih! e.\pose I to saltv and to ap|)oint such days and hours for that purpose, and to make such other ordei-s and regulations relative thereto as they shall di'eni expedient." (iovernor Hunter's proclamation, in 1M03, had set apart a field of tive-and-adialf aen-s for market pur»;"."';'s, The Comuussioners of the IVaee were now to cjneentrate c .trket operations at a certain point ; namely, a nuvrket building Fines for bivaches .if the regnlatiinis were tixMl, and the fun men. General I )rununond met Parliamentagain at York onthe 1st of February, iNl."). 'i'he siiriiing of the Treaty of Ghent had not yet been announced. In his speech General Drununond alludes to tht.' peace which ha,()00 granted to his Majesty for the uses of the incorporated militia of the I'rovinc", namely; six months' pay to the otiiccrs, non-eominissioneil ollieors and pri 'ites of the incorporated militia; the net pay i if the officers, non-connnissionod officers and jiiivates of the line attached to tlu^ imorporated militia ; six months' pay to the officers, non-commissioned officers and privates of tlu^ iiiciirporatcd militia artillery. In the siime Act, 1 observe that the sum of one hundred guineas was granted to the Speaker of the House of Assem- bly, " to purchase aswoi'il to be presented to (.'olonel Robinson, late of the inror]iovatcd militia." A monumtuit is dei^reud to Sir Isaac Brock. (Mie •■u*. ~u i. TORONTO: PAST AND PRESENT. 65 thousand pounds are allotted to this purpose. The preamble sets forth how, while " contending at the head of a small hody of regular troops and militia, against a very superior force, he devoted his most valuable life." We have an Act to afford relief to barristers, attorneys, and students-at- law, in respect of irregularity in their enrolment in tiie books of the Law Society, arising out of the war. The measure is justiKed by the statement that " the glorious ami honourable defence of this Province in the war with the United States of America hath necessarily called from their usual occupations and professions most of the inhabitants of the said Province, and among them very many barristers, students-at-law, attor- neys, articled clerks of atti)rneys witiiin the same, whereby the regular meetings of the Benchers of the Law 8i>ciety being for many terms past interrupted, several young gentlemen have been prevented from making duo application for admission on the biMiks as students-at-law, ami .several students-at-law have in like manner been prevented from being duly called to the bar, to theii manifest ami great injury." liy this legislation, the young .scions of many families in York wouM be advantageously affected. Then we have new enactments about rates and a.ssessments ; about hemp ; al)out the incorporation of '■ The Midland District School Society for the education of the Poor ;" and .several other matters of import- ance. Popular sentiment at York in regard t, l)uilt liy the Hon. .lames Uaby ; .'). F.xecutive t!ouncil ollici', and Surveyor-Ceneral's ottice (modern use), built by the Hon. Robert Hamilton, of battle of \Yat(rloo; !t. North-east corner, opposite to Mr. Men-cr's ; 10. North-weat coriiei', bi,iit by Thoiims .Jobliit, m discharged soldier from the • jbieen's Rangers; II. Mr. Herczy, siiiee removed; CJ. Nii'lmliis dinger, tho blacksmith; 13. Mr. Hai'V later occMipant), built iiy Mavid Uurns, Vm\. ; 11. Angus Cuilachie Macdorn;!), Ksip, burnt by aci iihtnt in the time of the wiir; l.'i. MacLaugliliii's slaughter bouse, op|)osite the south-east corner of the Miirket Sipiarc, imw ii tavi'iii. " King Street. -1. .V siii.ill house, south id' ( 'ujiinel Foster's (i)resent resi- dent) ; 'J. Hugh Carfrae, adischarged sergeant fnnii the (j»ueen's Rangers ; 3. .Fosepli Dennis later occupanC, built by .Monsieur (i)uctton St. Robin.son (modern occupant), built by D'Arcy Boulton, junior, E.sij.; 2. Mr. Chewett's servant, John Doggit ; 3. Mrs. Long, the black woman; 4. Mrs. Flannagan, from Vonge Street; 5. A log-house, owned by Mr. Mercer ; (i. Mr. ( 'olin Drummond. ",Lot Street— Not a building of any kind throughout this street but one; 1. Formerly owned by Joshua Leech, lately the Court House. " RECAI'ITUhATIOf Front Street Market Street King Street Newgate Street Hospital Street Lot Street " Total 8 1 ■» louses. It 3 ' (i ' 1 t 44 1 luil lings." The tigtu-es are not large, but we have in them a faint fore.slmdi)wingof what was to happen in the future expansion of York. Tli.' palli of its progress was already, like that of Kmpire, westward. The tendency, among otticials and fashionables, at all events, beninio soon apparent, to forsake the banks of the low, slow-paced stream, near the niuutli of which the town first sprang into being, and to press steadily on towaids those of the ampler and nidrc animated river, wliieh now, in INM4, begins to .set bounds to the development in that direction. There is this to be said, however, that although .some of the ideas that governed the first founders of York have been considerably de|)arted from, and great vicissitudes in status have bein umlergcme liy numerous localities, yet nevertheless it has come to pass in the meantime that, even in parts, for u while held to 1)1' most ineligible in respect of beauty of .scenery aiul salulMity of air, there is not a sipiare rooii of the great area over which whut was York has spread, that is not now discovered to be of high utility for some ■*n-m Ml-.. TORONTO : PAST AND PRESENT. m imiiortant purpose in the economy of a |M)pulouH community, ami invested with a pecuniary value which would have struck tlie primitive inhabitants dumb witli amazement. The number of buildings in York propei, in IfSlo, as given by Joseph Houchette, in his " T()pogra[)hical Description," pp. (jOfi, G08, was 300, ami the jjopulation 2,r)00. 4 CHAPTER II. • (iOVERNOK OORK's RETUKN T(» YOKK. — WHAT UK OlO hOR flM'KR CANAKA WHU.E AliSKNT. — COMMERCE REVIVING AT YORK. — MEASURES KEI.ATIXO TO YORK PASSED IN SESSION OK ISlli.— SESSION OV 1S17 ABRL PTLV CLOSED.— OOVEUNOR OORE DEPARTS FOR ENOI.AND. ;HEN peace was proclaimed, Mr. (lore was still nununaliy Lifutenant-Oovernor of Upper ('anada. Sir (leorge Murray, is said, was appointed to be his sucec.s.sor, but on the »'v.i<^'^c i'scape of Napoleon from EUia Sir (!eorgi> j)i-eferred to I'on- **';*, tiinie in active service at home. Governor ( ioie, it appears, was VJL willing to return to his old jK^st. His faithful aide-de-camp, Majnr llaltoii, was pi'epared to accompany him. Tiie latter writes finm London to a frieml at York, A|)ril 24th, 181."): " It will give you and Mrs. (i a ver)' sincere j)leasure to learn that the (lovernor, Mi-s. (jnri' ami myself, expect to set otl' for York about the beginning of July. They are l»<>th iK^tter than they have been for some time, having derived eonside'able benellt from a short visit to ("lielteiduim." One woik of considerable importance to Tpper Canada, performed by (lovernor dole, while on leave in i'lngland during the critical years, 1M12- i:i \\, was the supervision of the publication ol a (im- map of the country. It bore the title, "A nuip of the located districts in the Province of l'|«per ( 'anacla," and was issued by W. Kaden, geograjiher to His Majesty, and to His Royal Highness the Prince Regent, t 'haring ( 'ross. It is a lioautifully execut^'d map, 44 by 47 inclies in size, ami it was long a standard authoritv for the geograi)hy of the country. A " Topographical Description >>f Upper ( 'anada and Provincial Uazettoer," also issued under the auspices of i; T -►*-l 70 MEMORIAL VOLUME. Governor Gore, accotupauied this map. Another service performed by the Governor was the promotion of Hubscriptions in London for the relief of the wounded in Upper Cixnada, and the wives and children of the slain. His name comes next atter those of the Dukes of Kent and North- umberland, at the head of the Committee ; and his subscription is tlic same as that of the two dukes, namely, one hunilred guineas, The name of Francis Nathaniel Burton, Lieutenant-Governor of Lower Canada, ap- pears for the same sum. Several wealthy merchants of Montreal gave each two hundred guineas. Governor Gore also superintendeil the execution of a n edal in gohl and silver in London, intended to be conferred by the Lo^'ul and Patriotic Society for distinguished service rendered to the country. Tlie medals were never distributed, chieHy from a difficulty in determining who should be the recipients. By a resolution of the Society, they were subse(|uently defaced by the hammer of Paul Bishop, black- smith, Caroline street, to the nundierof 01 in gold and .^-tX in silver; imd were then sold as bullion for a little over £393; which, with a further large balance to the credit of the S(K'iety, went towards the erection of the General Hospital at York, formerly situated on John Street. The device on the obverse t)f this medal was very elaborate, and is thus de- scribed : " A strait between two lakes; on the north side a Beaver (emb- lem of peaceful industry), the ancient armorial bearing of Canada. In the back grountl an Knglish Lion slumbering. On the south side of the strait, the Air.erican Kiigle planing in the air, as if cheeked from seizing the beavei- liy the presence of the Lion: the superscription: Cl'I'KK Caxaija I'ltKsKUVKU." A specimen of this medal is excessively rare. It is tiguivd in Lossing's " Field Book of the War," [i. lOOo, On the 2.")th of Septendier Goveiiior ( iore is back again aiiiid familiar •surroundings at York — the place of course lookingsomewhnt the woise lor the two visitations which it had received frum the enemy. He had a cor- dial welcome, and all the honours due to his rank, being saluted, as tIle^'ork Giizrlteoi' the day tc'Us us, by His Majesty's ship Montrnil, and by the gar- rison. The following familiar York names appear appt^nded to the address which was presented to him: — Thomas Scott, C. .1., W. Dummer Powell, .lohn Strachan, I>. I)., John McGlll, John Beikie, Grant Powell, William Chewctt, H. Lee, Samuel Smith, VV. Claus, Benjamin (Jale, 1), Cameron, I). Boidton, Jr., George Ilidout, Andrew Mercer, Thomas Ridi ut, 1). Jarvis, S. Jarvis, John Snuill, \V. Allan, J. Givins, Iv MacMahon, J. Seailet, S, llewaril, Thomas Hamilton, < '. Baynes, John Dennis, Pat. Hartney, .lohn Cameron, E. \V McBriilc, .lorilan Post, Jr, W. Knott, Jr., Levi Bigelow, John Hays, T. B. Johnson, Lardnei- Boswick, John Burke, John Jordan, i. TORONTO: PAST ^XO PHESHKT. 71 W. Smith, Sr., W. Smith, Jr, J. Cawthra. Jolin Smith, Aleximiler Legi^e, Jordan Post, Sr., Aiulrew O'Keefi', S. Liimsdc-n, Joliri .Murehison, Thomas Darey, Ezelt Benson, ^V. McNiibl», Eiiward Wrij^ht, John Evans, W. Lawrence, Thomas Dugj^an, George Uuggiin, Benjamin Cozens, Philip Klinger and Sheriff Ridout. TheGovernment House, situated near the garrison, having been rendered uniniiabitablc by the explosion of the magazine, new (piarters for the Lieu- tenant-Governor were provided. Kimsley House. Imilt tor liis own u.se by Cliief Justice Elmsley, ])rom()ted to thi- Clii«-f Justii-esliip of Lower Canaiia in 1802, was secured for the purpose — the mansion afterwards successively occupied by Sir Peregrine Maitiand, Sir John Colljorne and Sir Francis Heitd, on till' .site of the present Government House. Trade and commerce at York liegan to revive and extenii. Mr. C^uetton St. tieorge, the principal merchant there, announces at the close of 1814 that he has Uiken into co-partnership Mr Julius Quesnel ami Mr. John S. Baldwin. Ffe also, in the Montreal Ifirnlil, reipiests those who are indebted to iiim to make their payments without delay, as he purposes to make a voyage to Europe in the course of the next summer. In 181") (August l.')th), Mr. George Monro, afterwards for many years a leading mei'chant, joined his l)rother Jnhn at V(»rk : l>oth of them acting at first as agents, ai\d then as co-partners of Mi. Vnu)r Gore met Parliament at York, for the tirst time aftei' his return, on the (Ith of Kebriiar)", 18i(j. In \n> speech he refers to the conduct of the people of Up|>er ( 'anada during the war. " The gallant defence of the colony by its own militia," he says, "supiKJited during the early part of the war by a very small ])ortion of his Majesty's regular forces, has ac- ipiired to it a high distinction for loyalty and bnivery. The obstinate con- tention with succes.sive armies of invaders, and their iiltimaU; di.scomtiture, had not failed to attract the notiee of the world, and gives to this Province an im[iiirtauee in ])i\l)lic opinion which it becomes us to maintain." One of the measures passed in this Parliament was the granting to his Majesty, out of " humble and very limited revenues," as the |)reamble of the Aet expressed it, of .C2..'>()tl per aninim, towards the su|i]>ort of the (,'ivil Government of the I'rovince, in token of gratitude for the "pow- erful means which his Majesty sent for our defence during the late war with the Uniti'd States of America." Though still " Inimble and very limit<.'d," the revenue wa.s Iwginning to bo respectable. The following sums were voteeing still in his teens. The cause of quarrel, as so often in such cases, was trivial. The details, which exist in print, are so .sad that one feels no inclination to reproduce them. The .scene of the duel was a solitary field on the Elmsley property, in the neighbourhood of Clover Hill, "" ♦^<» west side of Yonge Street. The date of the incident was July 17th, 1817. CHAPTER III. PRESIDENT SMITH. - -KOUEKT tiOlKLAY. - LOUU SELKIltK. — rilURCH .Vr YOKK EM-AK(iEI). N the departure of Governor Gore, occurred the brief adminis- tration of Mr. President Smith. He met the Parliament at York only once. " Our Legislature met on the 5th instant," f- ^^"'^(0 writes Mr. McGill, at York, February 8th, 1818, to his frien V can be leai'llrd by aii\ on ' in- li'rested, from the " Ibport of Proceedings Connected with tin Itispuli'H between the Karl of Selkirk and !••> North-West Company, at the A-sNixes lield at York, in Upjier 'Coiada, (>ctol«r, l.slH, from Minutes taken in \- i' raHk^l TOlOtSTO: PAST AND PHKSBNT. 77 Coi;, .; jirinti'tl Ity B. MtMillaii, T?ow slivct, CuviMit Oatileii, Ly introclucing agriculture at the Kiel Kiver, woulil drivi' away the liuHalo. and s]>oil the tnide in f\irs. Mr. ilolin M, Duncan, of a.ssjiges from his narrative, lie was jjassing down to Kingston from Niagara in a schooiu-r. " I had intended to discmhark and spund a day or two at Vork. hut the town was so completely Mlled with retainers of the two riv.il fur companies that I could not ohiain lodgings. A trial waH ahuut to tJike place, of some individuals in the employment of the North-West t'ompanx on alleged outrages of some of Lmil Selkirk's |H'opU', and «'aeh paitv had mustered a host of agent.s and viiyag"urs to support hy their eviilence the cause of their masters. The appearance of York on thin tx^casion strongly suggested what is lelated of Kdinhurgh, when the rival Ixiions and their followings used to Ix-ard the monarch in his cnjiiial : and when the hrawls of half-civili/.ed mountaineers endan- gereil the livis uf the citi/ens. A VI ry trifling eollisinn lielween two of thc,s«- canoenieti might lii.ve Keen w less perilous to the iiduihitants of York ; for in the remote regions fr.im which they come, ni> law is known liut that of the chill, or the kiiif.- «Mit«iu»- d<> each other. I'luhaMy I lost littlu hy failing to olii«in lu.lt'in.-. at \ ik, fm .itier lamliling aliout tm an houi I ludieve thai 1 let' unvi.-.itei| eveept the garrison. The town cuiiMLsts of oiic Ntreet l\ii<^ |>..i did to th<' lake and of the hcgin- nings of tw.. i.r thr.-*- more at right angles to it I saw ordy one churdt, which had b'cn \^ry much out of repair, hut some workmen weri' em- ployed ii. puitint' glivs-« into the windows. ' Mr l)unc4ii: in the extnu-t just given, niaile a iioli' of the fact that " the churi'h " at V<>rk wiw givtly out of re|>*ir, without having heen made a'vare of tin- cAUae, piidiah.y, of its dilapidation, lie rccotds, how- ever, the inteie-iiin^ circumstance that, eviii as he \va> pa.ssing along in hill brief stroll lhi-uU);h the tuwn, some workmen were employed in pul- I It I •■♦♦■ ^sm -« IH 78 MKMoniA 1. vol VME. tinj^ glows into tlu' wiiulows. Very Nudii after Mi. Duncan's visit, the cliurch nn, as has already been narmtcd, in l.SOU, tlnoiigli tlic cKcrtions of tlic first pastor, Mr. Smart. During the (H'lMipation of Yolk liy tin- enemy, it hail .suffered injury and pillage of etl'ee's lit the hands of the soldiery. It ha.e of the troops, the rank and tile of whieli had seiits along the whole of the west side. .\t the head of the nave, where on fulering one would expect to see the chancel, was a jiew of suite for the ljienti'nant-(iovernor and his family. 'i'his pew was provideil with a llat tester-like canopy over it, umler which, suspended oil the wall, was the Ituyal ( 'o'lt of Anus, 'I'o it^ right was a pi'W for niemhei's of I'aiiianienl. On its left sat the military ollieers and (iover- nor's aiih's-deeamp. Aroiiiid the north, west ainl south sides laii ii liroad gallery. Dr. Sirachan escaped calantiCy tliroiighoul the war; Imt a misfortune liefell him just after its close. (Ml a Sunday, in IM.V while he was iihsent on duty, his house was totally destroyed hy lire Happily the lilnaiy was saved. This aci-ideiil leil to tlie erection, not long afti ivvards, of the line liiii'k iiiaiisintly as the i'aliire. Thu hospitality dispensed there, hahitually and pi rioilirally. ipiite miilehed in pleasant digniiy ami splendour that of (ioverninent ijou.'ie, or any of tin- other rather numerous family houses in \'ork that "entertained." When tlie enlargement of the elmreh was comjiletod, Dr. Htrachan iii- gaged in a literiir^ enterprise. He undeiloiik the editorslnp iif II monthly periodical entitled the > 'li ii't ,vson, hookseller, \ ork. and wiin piint^xl with handsome type on nmnl paper of a large si/,e. The pioNpcctns set fordi tlmt, ' While it shall l>e t i TORONTO: PAST AM) I'UESENT. 79 till) ulijcct of this Jotirniil to n-conl iinportaiit rcli;^ioii.s events in general, particular regard will Ix- paicl to those which reliit'; to the Protestant Church." The ehargi^ for tin; magazine was twelve shillings ami six- pence per Knnuin. It continucil to apju-ar for two years. It is to 1)1! aiKleil that in the spring of the same yny, 181.S, in which the English church was enlarged, the first Wesleyan place of worship was l)uilt at York — a plain, matter-of-fact, white wooden edifice, forty f(,'(!t s(|nare, The position was a little to tin; west of what is now Jor- dan street. Its northern galile faced King rttrect, in which direction was the entrance. Within, the oJd-fHshioned An^^iican church custom pre- vailed of making the sexes sit separate — a practice derived from ancient Oriental and Jewish use. On the east siile sat the men, on 'lie west ."ide the women. A few years Inter the sijuart; huilding assumed an oblong shape, liy the addition of twelve feet at one of its ends. CIIAITKU IV. Milt l'Klli:(i|{INI'. MMILWIi AT MUiK. TWii I'AKI.I WIINI'S AT ^0||^• IN ISlM. III!. I(. < . lliiliM:. Ml!. I iiTlli;U(ill,l.. A I.AI NCII. II.\NK I.NSTITI I'Kli. MIUHM. |'|{A< TI TKiNKK.s. \ IKWS OI VuUK ITin\| \MT||(.| r. .\IKK< HAMS \ I' VuUK. '■'^W^-V' N due time Sir l'erei,'riMe Muitlaiid arrived at York. After /SfetB^A^i ''" K''"'"''"' Europertii |Hace of I.SI/5, military ofHcers of high nffl^iUm' rank hegaii to Im> pmvided for liy appoiiitmeniM in the colo- ir nk * "''"'• '''"'' '• f'"" "*'• '''"' ' 'amida, in IMS received Sir V •/ I'eregiine Maitlaiid foi its ruhr He Imd served in the I'eninsula, ^' and at Waterloo he had commiindeil " thu first Hrilish brigadt* uf the First Division, consisting of the sonuxl and third battalions of the First Foot O'lards" On the !>th of October, INj.s. he had married Sarah, second daughter of ( 'liarK's, fniirth |)uke of Uichmund and hennox, a lady of great g)-uci> and U'Auty, who somewhat precipitated the union by a romantic 'ligltt to the general's i|iuirlers, from her father's iiduse, while resident ii' Paris There was furthermore an lussociation of poetry eonneeUtd with them. Itoth luul been present al that liull which 4. I It .1- 80 MEMORIAL VOLUMR. Byron has niiulo historical, j^ivoii hy Uio Duclicss of llichniond at Bnis- scIp, whereat the iiiuvciiient of the French army wliich brought on the crisis of Waterloo first heraine known. Hoth, without iJonht, liud l)een more tlian mere spcctntors of tlie scene : — "Ah! then and tliero wna hurrying to and fro, And Kalherini{ team, and hrealhingR of distrumi. And cheeks all |mlo, which hut an hour hffo lllunhed at the praiRo of their own lovulinow, Ami there wore Hudden partingR, inch as pruBs The life from out young hearts, and choking sighs Which ne'er might he repeated; who could guess If ever more should meet those mutual eyes. Since upon night so sweet such awful morn could rise! " Sir Peregrine was a piet(ues(|ne ])ersonage — t«ll and stately, of sad, pensive aspict, and very reservecl in manner. In the year after his ap- pointment to I'pper < 'anadu, he WHS followed hy Ids father-in-law, the Duke, sent out as (iovemor-in-Chief. The Duke, very soon after his ar- rival in Canada, paid ii visit to his daught<>r and her husliand at York. From York they took an excursion together to Lake Huron, hy way of I,aki' Simcoe iuid I'enetanguishene, extending their tour as far as Driim- mond's Island. I'idilie affairs in the Upper Province .scorn tf)have retpiired special atten- tion ill ISIS. Two sessions of Parliament in one year took jilaoe. At tht> iiniisiial period of ( )etolier the House met at \'oik, after i'resident Smith's jirorogation in till' preeeiliiig Miireli. On the 'i7th of Novemher n nii'Msure jiassed originnting in (iourlay's agitation, which had recently hegiin. The K.xecutive party in the H.mihc eonlimied strong. It wan decreed hy this Act to he illegal to hold meetings " purporting to represent the peojile, or any deseriplion ofthe people, under the pretence of dcliher- ating upon nialteis of puhlic concern, or of preparing and presenting jietilions, complaints, remonstrances and ileclnrations, and other addresses to the King, or to holh, or either ofthe iiouHeNof (^the Ih'itish) I'ailiament, for alteration of matters cstahlished hy law ; or redrenH of alleged griev- ances in Church or State ;" and any one having anything to do with such ineelings was to he lield "guilty of high misdemeiiiior." A law of liarsh sound was also passed alioiil the forfeited estates of " rehels and traitors and aliens," the proceeds of which, when solil. weii' to niiike gmid the war loM.ses of the loyal. Tiic lirHt-nnnied statute was repealed within a few months after its enactment. Put iH'fore iidMiiK'iiig further with the legislation at York during this portion of the iiile of Sir Peregrine Maitlaiid, it will U' well to produce w TOUOXTO: PAST AhU PRESENT. 81 sonio onlina-y iiu-iilonts in ftiul aliimt tlie plac*- from almnt 1S20 to 182S. as i^li'iincil f 'om conti'inporjiry ilociiinents. I'l I.HiO tiMidcrs for iirw market Ituildiii^'s at Yuik iiiv askud for in the Gazette (May 25tli, 1820), and in tlu-sami' papi-r liaiiil>4omo subscriptions are recorded from MessPH. Stoyi'll. .Icssc Ki'tcliinn. Josepli Slicpard iind otliers, tnwiirds tlie expcnsi' of erecting; a Coiniiioti S(' mi! at N'ork. In 1820 the i-oyal and Patriotic Society are wiiidiiij,' up tln'ir all'airs. At a nieetinj^helil airain " in liie dmrcli at \'oik, " it was decided, as luis licen iiitimateil already, to de- vote; a surplus of t4(MM» in the liatids of the society to the foiindinj^of a (ieneval Hospital at ^'o^l;. An event of 1H20, lonif iinieinlieiccj at York, was ;lie la\mch of a schooner Tin' HhiIIk r", laiilt for Mr. Oales and others. No launch had taken place there for a nuiulier ol years previously. Bishop Mountain, of (.^iidiec, was piesi'iit at York in IS'JO, holding; a visitation of his cler^jv thert', and a contirinatioii. Aj,'ricultural interests Were also not ovei Inoked ai Wivk ai this period, On the 7th of May, IM2((, thcie is a cattle show, and pri/.e^ of diU'crenl ;,'rades are distiihuted under the anspices of the A^'iicultiiral Scciety formed in l«l.s. Dr. U. (.'. Ilornc was secretary to the siM'iety. At this tiuu' l)r llotiw was Kings piiider .it \'ork lie Kecame involved in 1H2I in a dirticiilly with the I'arliament on .•iceount of iiii|ierrcctioiis in ihi' report of FarliaiiK'ritaiy dohates which lie had allowed to apjiear in the columns of the 'r •:.'/.. < )u licili;; lUmtnoned to the har of the House, I >r Horne stat.ed in ■ pla- nation that the notes of the flehates were not takf!!! hy himself, l>u( fnrnislied to him hy a ' pei .hi named Krancis Ciillins.' |)r Horne ori'eT>>l e\ cry apoloj;y and sulmiitted himselt' to the pli'a>aire of th IIoum' He was caUlione(| liy the .Spewker that foi- tlie futuie he Would lie held ri'sponsilile fill' the oorrei-t*^-- of the reports in the litizcHi The .\ttor- ne\ -< ieiieral WHS for olili;.'iti'„' Dr Home to in«»>rt in hix ni\l --iie tlu' followiii;f para;,'iaiili Kroin the inooinp>-t.>-tiee or nej^li^eiicc of oui reporter, the delmtes .if the llou>>e of Asselidily InKortcil in the last numlier of this p«|;ills name taken (he |l >ce of that of l< < ' Horne, ui the imprint of the M larp* o.xtraeU* from tlio Knijlish neWspapeM, the WrAh/ HagtuUr coiitHined a >;reat leal of excel- lent reading' on sulijects connei-t(>i) with literature and natural history. it is olmervahle that the stjltule- l»r<' UoW prillLeil in holder and more \ \M ■n .L I 82 MEMORIAL roLUMB. ioailal)l(' typo, with wide s|)aco8 between tlie liiifs. In 1S2'), liowovcr, a return takes place to tlie former n>ore (ihscure and condensed .style ; and tlio ])rintinj,' is exeeutetl at the Ulirunwli' ottici", Kin^'sion, Upper Canada, hy James Macfarlanc ])r liornc received an a|>puintment in the Hank of Ui>per Canada, with which institution his name wa.s Ion;,' associated. The legislation at York in Sir Peregrine Maitland's time embraced numerous measures of great public importance concerning the opening of internal connnunications by land and water, the administration of justice, the regulation of commercial intercourse with the United States, the cur- rency, education, and so on. But it is my province to note here chiefly the points which had relation to York, oi atlccted York more or less re- motely. ( )ne of the Acts of 1M20 increa.sed the representation of the ( 'onunons in the House of As.send)ly. The preamble thus explains the necessity for the uu'asure: " Whereas from the rapid increase of the |>opuiittion in this province_the representation thereof in the ("ommon.s II. luse of Assembly ia df(Mn(>d too limittid." Counties where thi>y had reached a population of 4,(l<)(( Were ii(i>v to have two membei's. Towns where (^luarter Scssionu were held, when containing om- thousand souls, were to have one mend)er, In this act provision is made for the representation in Parliament of the Frovincia' Uuivcrsity. Whenever a university or a seminnry of learning in this provinei' sliall be organized and in operation, in conformity to the rules and statutes of similar institutions in (ireat Hiitain, it shall be represented by one niemUr. The triw t of land appendant to such university is to Iks declared by proclanwition an iiulependent town or town- ship. The voters are to be those who have a right to vote in the Con- vocation of a T^niversity. In his speech to Parliament, l''ebruary '_'nd, l.S'JI.Sir Peregiine Maitland alluded to the increase in the representA- tion, and to the Parliament Imildings lately erected : " 1 cannot deny myself the pleasure," be said, "of noticing as a gratifying proof of our general advaiicemenl the accession of numbers which has taken place in your resjiective bodies ; and I congratulate you on the improved accom- modation which this building allbrds for the discharge of your impoitant duties." The grants for the reliuilding of the Parliament House at \'>ik had bi'en nuide in the ses.sion of bsllt. The sum of til.'iix) was voted fur the purpiisi', with X157 IDai, for the plans. .\t the same time the sum of C>'l.'>4 I In. wiiM set aside for the piu'chast- of copies of ib)urnalK of the llou.se, In replace those destroyi'd by lire in the war. In 1.^21 we have Acts for the preservation of deer and salmon In regarti to salmon : It shall not be lawful for any person or [hm-hoiin at iiny I TORONTO: VAST AND PRESENT tiini' to take, catch or kill in any iimmicr in the Homo restrict, F)istrict of Nt'wci.stio or l)istrict of (ion-, any sahnon or salinon-fry nearer tlio mouth of any river or creek aloni,' tin- sliore of Like ( >nturio than t%vo huiiilred vanls, or w itiiiii fifty yanis up the mouth of any such river or creek : at tile Crcilit, the ilistanee up, say two humh-eil yanls. An-1 noth- ing; in tlie Act was to he construed to extend to Indians, who were to fish !us theretofore, when and where they pleasecl, except within one )(un- dit'd yards of a mill or mill ilaiii, l>y fire or toielilii;lit. In the year IM21 the Konum Catholic coiijjfregation at York are author- ized hy Act to dispose of a lot at the corner of Ueoi'ge ainl Duke Stn'»-t-s, and to purchasi! with the proceeds land in a more eli^ilile situation in or ni'ar the town of York aforesaid, "for the use and accommodation of a Homan Catholic conj,'rc;^ation in the saiil town of V'ork and its vicinity." The trusteos of the saiil land wore the Hon. James Hahy, the Rev. Ah-x- ander Macdoiiell, and •lohii Sutall, Ksi|. The site of the present Koman ( 'atholie St. I'nul's and its surrounding's was thus secureil. At the session of Is'" .,as promul;,'ateil the Royal Assent to the Act pasHcd in 1 Si!) for the institution of a l>nuk, to lie Nt\leS,(H)<). and the capital was maile itiiNt.tNHi. For nearly half a centuiy the Rank of I'ppcr * 'anada did good service to the Country anl liurdened itself with unsalealile lands taken in .security. All the knowing ones withdrew in time The fat«> usual in such ea.seH overtook the hind- most in iMKi, In Ih'.'l, when (In- luuik was still only in /tn.-s/-, the cau- tious Mr. Mcdill expressed his doubts as to ilic nece»j PUKSKyT. 85 ' III 1S2.S an Aft was passfil to ]viijee. Also an Act " to restrain tin- selling of Injer, ale, ciiler, anil other liiniors, not spiriiuous, in eertain towns ami vilJaj^es in I'pper ( 'anaila." The niuthiMl of n-strietion proposeil svas the issue of lieenses. " Moneys paiil for licenses to he paiil to the lleeeiver-tjenerai, anil aceounteil for throu;,'li the Linl CommisHioiiers of his Majesty's Treasury, for the tinii' hein;.', in such manner and form as his Majesty sliall he ;,'racio\isly pleaseil to direct. " Duriii"^ this jieriod two ine&sures were also passed rej;ulatinj,'j)ractitior. crs of physic and surgery ; hut resilient practitioner hcfore .lanuary 1st, IHI'J, were exempted from the reipiireun-nts of these Acts. Soiiu' meilieal men, ever niemorahle at York, are in a eontemporary Gir.ith' named as commisNioners to carry out ceputy lns|MH'tor of Hospitals; Christopher W'id- mi'r, late Surgeon to His Majesty's Forces ; William Lyons, Surgeon to His Majesty's Fores; lluU-rt Kerr, Surgeon to the Imlian Department; William Warren lialdwin, M. I).; Cirant I'owell, late Surgeon to the In- corporated Battalion of Militia" Thus wore on the times at Vork. at the close of its third decade. It is well that people should Ix- he!|>«-d to see themstdves occasiotuilly as others see them. The chance traveller, Mr I >iini-an, furnished us with a lively glimpse of York, as the place struck him in IMS. Another travelh'r, a Scot too, like Mr. Duncan, notices York for u> in IsJ.'l, in his "Sketches of Upper ( 'anada. Domestic, I..4)cal and t liaracteristic,' priiiteil at Kdin- hurgh, Hid edition in lfS:J."». The picture may not he Ihitturing, hut it matters little now. Hi' tii-st iieses in graphic terms his journey up I'rom Kingston, on hoard the steamer /';•"/(^/^al•. "The night proved dark and unpleasant ; a host of threatening clouds ohsoured the hiiheilo spotless skv, while a drenrv hlast careiTed along the lake, and made its waters noisy and tuihiilent. Notwithstanding the darkness, I continued to walk the deck till near midnight ; my steps heiiig gnin/f/i(ic is the largest steanihoat in Canada, her deck is on>j hundreil and »eveHty-one feet long, and ihirly- iH i' 8(j MEMORIAL VOLUME. twd feet wiiie. Slic is suvi'H htiiidied and forty tons burden, and draws only eight feet water when loaded. Two paddlf wheels, each ahoiit forty ft'ot in circunifcrence, impel hi>r through the water. Her length is so great that .she answers very slowly to the helm ; hnt 1 understand .she was built of the dimensions I have stated, that she might cover three; seas, and thus k" prevented from pitching violently in iioisterous weather. When the wind is favourable, the Fronlt'iufr sails nine knots an hour with ease." Mr. Howison's stay in York was very brief. He i.s less cireumstantial than Mr. iJunean in his account; and his sketch i.s by no means rosvhued. "The land all rouiKl the iiarbour and behind the town is low, swampy, and apparently of inferior ipiality ; and it eould not be easily drained, as it lies almost nw a level with tlie surface of the lake, The town, in which there are .some good liouses, ccmtains about S.OOO inhabitants. There is little laiiil eli'ared in its immediate vii-inity, and this circumstance in- creases the natural unpleasatitness of its situati(m. The trade of York is very trifling, and it owes its present population and magnitude entirely to its being the seat of government ; for it is destitute of every natural advantage, except that gge, Henry Drean, John Carfrae, H. McK. Murchi- .son.Thos. Curlrae, Mediiines^ .Montgomerie, I). Houlton, junr., Kdward Oates, .Sullivan \- Stnlesbury, Thomas Stevens, Young \- .Moin-o, Peter llobinson, Peter Paterson, (Jeorge Diiggan, Dennis Kit/gerald, William Smith, (juetton St. Cieorge \- ( '.>., (h)orge K.)ster. >*4 t * roliONrO: I'AST ANI) FHESKM'. 87 "She Jfouvth Jccalic. 1824-1834. CHAl'TKlt I. STAMKOUO ANI) YOIIK, ALTKUNATK KKSII)KNc:ES OF THE (iOVKIlXOK.— VISITOUS. - Sl'KKCJH TO I'AUMAMKNT AT YOIIK.— "lOI.OMAI, AOVOCATk" AT (/(IKENS- TON AND VOKK— ITS KUIToIt. - I'AUMAMKNT IlnlSK AT VOUK IllKXED. — E. A. TAIJioTS NOTICE OK YOKK.— (•ANAI>A COMI'ANY AT Y( "UK — MK. (lAI.T TJIEUK. STKAM-PAt'KlT'i ANADA'ANDCAnAlN ItlCllAItDSHN. - ( IIAKM.S KOTIIEItiill.l.. "fOI.dNlAI. ADVorATE" I'UESS UESTKOYEO.- UK. DlNI.ol'. — CAITAIN ItASIL IIAI.I.. tl^^ IK PEUK(iRI.\E ami Lmly Sarali Miiitlaiul passed as iitllo ol" V"^^^^ their tiiiu' na possible at York. Their favourite place of aboile *'?^JI^ was Staiiifoni (,'otUi^'e, near the village of Sii;iiii>/. '., three (J^^^'*^ miles north-west of the Fails of Niagara. The lioiist; was Imilt f^, > Ity Sir Peregrine himself, as a traiKpiil retreat from imlilic luisi- *■ '^'' nesH. " Ho Suipio, to the aoft Cunuiiun shore Uutiriiig, tuated joy liu nuvur know l)ofore.'' Till' interior of tlie cottage was tinished, as to its doors, door frames ami window reeesses, with the .somhre black walnut of the countiy, and some of the rooms wen' wain.scotted from Moor to ceiling witii tiie same wood. The site commanded extensive views. At the moment the steady thuntler of the neighbouring cataract, subdued and lulling, was being leisurely listened to, York itself, thirty miles and more away, acro.ss the waters of the lake, could, undiv the propir atuiosplieric eonark, of many acre.s, wherein the finest and most picluioscjue trees of the natural forest luul been carefully preserved. Here the even tenor of the Lieutenant-tlovernor's life was varietl oeca- Hionally by the presence of a distinguisheil visitor from England, on his tour through the rnited States and Canada. In lh20 ho was suiiunoiied I ^> M IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) k h « /- 1.0 I.I |50 '""^ u Mi IL25 III 1.4 2.5 iiiiii 2.0 1.6 V] ^ /^ >^ e. Hiotographic Sciences Corporation n WIST MAIN STRUT WHlTIII,N,r. 145IQ (7<«) •r2-4S09 iV ^ ;\ \ o\ * ^- ^ * !!■■■ ■■■■ 1S8 MEMOHUL VOLUME. away for a few months to Quebec, to undertake the temporary adminis- tration of tile general gt)V(!rnment of Canadn. Tlie occasion was the de- ceaso of liis father-in-law, the i)uko, two years before his guest at York, who, it will be remembered, was bitten by a tame fox, and died from liydropliobia. During Sir Peregrine's absence, Mr. Smith was again ad- ministrator in Upper Canada. On tlie arrival at Quebec of the Earl of Dalhousie, tlie new Governor-General, Sir Peregrine retuined. For a short time in \HiA the society of Mr. Stanley, afterwards better known as Kml of Derliy, was enjoyed at York. He was then member for Stockbridge. Two other members of the Imperial Parliament were trav- elling with him — Mr. Denison, M.P. for Newcastle ''afterwards thi' Speak- er), and Mr. Stuart-W'ortley, M.P. for Possiney i» ( 'ornwall, afterwards Lord WharncliH'e. In the autumn of 18'24 the.se gentlemen acc(jmpanied Sir Peregrine Maitland to Montreal and Quebec. The Governor's suite on this occasion consisted of Lord Arthur Lennox, Mr. Maitland, ( 'olonels Foster, Liglitfoot, Coffin ami 'I'albot. A few sentences from one tjf Sir Peregrine's .speeches to the Legislature will illustrate the Ciovernor's theory and that of tlie Executive party gen- erally, at the period, of the relation of the ruler of a colony to the King's subjects and their representatives in that colony. The Goveiiior's func- tion was to attend to what, acei.'rding to his judgment, ought to be done to " jiromote the real w.ilfarc of the colony." The Legislative (^ouncil and House of Assembly were there; but thoy were simpi}' advisory bodies, in case their assistance should be reipiired. In the meiintime, tlie Governni was to be the liest judge; and he was responsible solely to the Sovereign, After exhoi'ting the two braiiclics of the ijegislature to "con- ciM' in promoting the iutei'cst of true religion, iind in improving all tho.se means which can add to the instruction, convenience or happiness of the ]ieople, and not to overlook those wliich tend to increiise the wealth nnd ]iowi'r of the country," Sir I'ert^grine rather loftily observes: "1 know you have dilHeultieH to encounter in the cxerci.se of your important furu*- tions, fnun which I am happily exempt. Hut 1 am confident your /,eal for the public interest will surmount them; and the impression ll\i(t such dillieulties exist will rendei' you nior(( worthy of your country's applause. Connected only witli this I'roviuee in the discharge of my public duty, I can have neither party prejudice, nor local attachments, nor pi'i.sonal in- terests to overcome. My intcu-ests more naturally lead me to fullil the wishes and expectations of my Sovereign, which I .shall best do by a faitiiful performance of my duty in promoting as much as possible the real welfare of this Province."' To this p of war. . . . The garrison is about a ndle wi^st of the town, and consists of a barrack for the troops, a residence for the com- manding otiicer, a battery and two liloek-houses which are intended for the prot*!ction of the harbour. In the year 17!)3 tluvo was only one wig- wam on the site of this town. It now contains one tliousand three hun- dred and thirty -six inhabitants, and aliout two Inindred and H'.'ty houses, many of which exhibit a very neat appearance. The public buildings r'<^ a Protestant Kpiscopal Church, a Roman (Catholic chapel, a Presbyterian and Methodist meeling-hou.se, the Hospital, the Pi'.lianu'ut House, and the t ■A' ^. wmmm. 92 MEMORIAL VOLUME. .L residence of the Lieutenant-Oovcrnor. The Episcopal Cliurch is a plain timber buihling, of tolerable size, with a small steeple of the same material. The Roman Catholic chapel, wliich is no!, yet completed, is a brick edifice, and intended to be very magnificent." This would be the present Roman Catholic St. Paul's, on the land purchased with tlie proceeds of the lot on the corner of Duchess and George Streets ; of which the builders were Messrs. Parke and Ewart. The brick-work of the south side exhibited, as the writer remembers, a diamond-.shaped pattern which was considered curious, and which is probabl}' the ornamentation to which Mr. Talbot alludes. On the 1st of March, the Rev. Mr. O'Grady, B.I)., preached aser- nion in aid of the fund for the litpiidation of the debt on this building. In connexion with the mention of this church, I subjoin an advertisement which appears in the LoyaUst, printed at Yoik, March 14th, 1829. " At a meeting of the committee for tin liipiidation of the debts of the Roman Catholic Church of York, held in the Vestry Room on Monday the 9th in- stant^ Lawrence Heydcn Esq., J. P., in the chair, it was uniniimou.sly re- solved : That the Hev. W. J. G'Orail}', B.D., is entitled to our warniest gratitude for his energetic and truly Christinn appeal on Sunday the 1st instant, in behalf of our Church, when a collection was maile amounting to .£■).") M«. (')(/, including donation.s. The Attorney-General, £.") ; Hon. Thomas Clark, £1 ">■•*.; Hon. W. Dickson, £1 iU ; Col. W. Chewett, CI OS. ■ Rev. Dr. Phillips, 5,s. ; C. Widmer, K.^i., M.D., .El .).y. ; P. Dechl, Es.i., M.D., £1 5.V.; John S. Baldwin, Esq., £1; Capt. Baldwin, R.N., KK ; Robert Baldwin, E.'S(i., 10,s. ; Robert Sullivan, Ks(|,, lO.s. ; W. R. Prentice, Es(|., £1 Of).; A Presl)yterian, £1 ; Mr. Richard Wabron, l(),s. ; Mr. I'. Hartney, .'Js. ; Samuel P. .larvis, Escj., .CI rix. : That we hail the liberality which our Protestant and dissenting brethren manifested on this inter- esting occasion as a certain prelude to future concord among all classes of the eounuunity : That he Solicitor General, W. VV. Baldwin, Es(|., M.P., Simon Washburn, and .lames Fitz (Jibbon, Ks([uires, are justly entitled to our best thanks for having acted as collectors. York, 9th March, IH'29." Mr. Talbot's language will recall the fact that it was still the day of small things, in respeet of arehit»!etural magiiiUccnco, with all denominations at York in 1825. "The Parliament House erected in IH20 (the news of its destruction had not yet reachcMl Mr. Talbot) is a large and convnient biick building, finished off iti the jilainest possible manner. The ^'ork Hospital is the most extensive public build- ing in the province, and its external appearance is very respectable. The house in which tha Lieutenant-Governor resides is built of wood ; and thougli by no means contemptible, is intich inferior to some private houses i' TOROHTO; FAST AND PRESENT. 93 in the town, particuliirly to that of the Honourable and Vcneralile ])r. Strachan. Many of the Law and (iovernment officers liave very elegant seats in and aliout the town ; and, with few exceptions, they are built of wood, and assiune a most inviting aspect. " The streets of York arc regularly laid out, intersecting each othei' at right angles. Only one of them, however, is yet comjiletely built ; ami in wet weather the unfinished streets jire if possible muddier and dirtier than those of Kingston. The situation of the town is very unhealthy ; for it stands on a j)iece of low marshy hind, which is better calcidatcd for a frog-pond, or beaver- meadow, than for ihe residence of human beings. The inhabitants are on this account much subject, particularly in spring and autumn, to agues and intermittent fevers ; and probably five-sevenths of the people are annually afflicted with these complaints. He who fiist fixed upon this spot as the site of the capital of Upper Canada, whatever predilection he may have had for the roaring of frogs, and for the effluvia arising from stagnated waters and putrid vegetables, can certainly have had no very great regard for preserving the lives of his Majesty's sub- jects." Thus far Mr. Talbot. Faithful enough at the outset, he manifestly exaggerates, towards the close of his remarks, retailing splenetic obser- vations plentifully supplied to him during his .sojourn. These di.sadvan- tages and inconveniences of position, so boldly faced, and in time so cH'ectively surmounted, weie not peculiar to York. 1 suppose there is not a city or town at this moment flourishing round the whole circuit of Lakes Ontario or Erie, which was not more or less unhealthy at its fii-st inception ; when the houses of the settlers were for the most part just set tlown on the surface of the virgin .soil, without basements, or any thought of systematic drainage. U in new countries men were to wait until sites became thoroughly salubrious, few cities or towns would be built. The founders of Venice, Amsterdam and St Petersbing were probably deemed insane by hosts of contemporaries in other places. In l.S2(), the Canada Land Comjjuny, which has played such an impor- tant part in the colonization of Western and Eastern Canada, l>egan its operations at York. The first office of the I'ompany in York was a room in the Steamboat Hotel, in the Market block, on Front Street, Being a powerful body, managed in London, it assumed the aspect of an itn- peritint hn iwiicrio in both provinces. Local landowners, and others, regarresencc chieHy in the Huron territory, where he was instrumental in founding (iuelph and Goderich. He had also a resi- dence afterwards on Burlington Heights, whereto he resorted. But while staying in Vork.duiing the winter of 1 is27, he bethought himself of giving an entertainment on a grand scale to the whole society of the place, with a view to affording pleasure to the inhabitants, and conciliat- ing their good-will foi' the (,'omnany. The idea took shape in the form of a fancy ball, which continued memorable for years in the annals of York. Lady i[ary Willis did the honours of the evening for Mr. Gait, whose family had not yet arrived from England. Lady Mary, daughter of the Earl of Strathmoie, was the wife of Mr. Justice Willis, a gentleman lately a|)pointed to the Bench of b'pper Canada. Particulars of tliis fancy ball are accessible in print. The .scene was Franks' Hotel, at the south-west corner of the present Colborne Street and Market Square ; the day, the 31st December, 1827. The hostess of the evening personated Mary, Queen of Scots. Judge Willis hini.self ap- peared, for a short time during the entertainment, as the Counte.ss of Desmond, aged one hundi'ed years. Mr. Gait was recalled, and returned to England in 1.S2IS. The comforts and conveniences of life afforded by inns at York and elsewhere in Upper Canada at this period weie very poor. Mr. Gait, in his " Autobiography," thus desciibes the iicst hotel in York : " It was a mean two-story liouso ; and being constructed of wood, every noise in it resounded from roof to foundation. The landlord, however, did all in his power to mitigate the atttictions with which such a domicile was quaking, to one accustomed to ((uiet." The misery of Ids (|uarters at York clung to the recollection of Mr. (lalt. Later, when dctaineil in bad health at Dover, he declared Dover dismal, but not so dismal as York. " Every one " he writes, " who ha.s ever been at Dover, knows that it is one of the vilest hypochondriac places on the face of the earth, except York, in Uppei- Canada, when he lias been there one day." He afterwards I'.spro.sseil regret at having " kept aloof from many who might have lightened the cares which afterwards became int) tall, picturesque and soldierly in form ; a general officer, who, like i'^' Sir Peregrine Maitland, had held an imporUint command at Water- loo, and previously been distinguished in the Peninsula. In Gleig's " Lives of Eminent British Military Commanders," his name frequently occurs in connection with that of Sir John Moore, at whose death he was present ; and in Sir William Napier's " History of the War in the Peninsula," the encomium is |>assed upon him of being "a man of singular talent for war." He l>ore about with him conspicuous evidence of being one who had known the shock of battle. A mutilated shoulder, and a right arm par- tially disabled, were signs and seals of heroism, impressed on his person at the storming of Ciudad llodrigo. Sir John Colborne proniiscfl to be an excellent transition Governor for Upper Canada; being more genial and frank in manner than his prede- cessor; loss disposed to yield himself up implicitly to the traditional local advisers; and- more inclined to recognize popular rights, and respect the freetloni of the press. To have thrust upon him their grievances so pointedly as they did, at the very moment of his arrival at York, was im- jMilitic on the pait of the icforniing party. It was not to be expected that the new Governor would instantly make swtu'ping changes, or that he would at once, by his actH, pronounce a condemnation on the conduct of the ruler whom ho had Just Muec(?edod. The impatience of the party forced him to take up a jiosition which at first ho was not at all disjuLsed to assume. Here is a pa,ssage from an address of welcome presented to Sir John Colborne by " His Majesty's dutifid and loyal subjectj^ the inhab- itants of York and its vicinity, " but not signed, nevertheless, we may bo sure, by a goodly number of those inhabitants: " VVt! caruiot cont^eal from your Excellency, without a sacrifi'-e of candour, that tliere are many very ^r Ml*- t u^ -^(l-« TORONTO: PAST AND PRESENT. 103 important subjects which litive tleeply affocted tlie feelings of the people. But we are solicitous to regard the accession of your Excellency to the goveranient of this Province as the commencement of a new era in which your pjxcellency, above the jtrevailing influences of political diasensions, and unhappy advice, will prove our constitutional benefactor, and realize the paternal wishes of our most Gracious Sovereign to bless his people with mild, just and conciliatory principles of Government." In a secoml address, presented immediately after, they are more explicit. They a-sk him at once to assemble the Parliament: "Whilst we, the undereigncd inhabitants of York and its vicinity, regret extremely that our first welcome should be embittered by complaint and prayer ; and while it is far from our disposition or intention to call on your Excellency, at the mo- ment of your arrival, to interfere in any manner, with the proceedings of the Courts of Justice, even with the most .splendid prerogative of your oftice, the administration of judgment in mercy, yet feeling ourselves dis- regarded and our rights endangered by many late proceedings of the pro- vincial administration ; and amongst those proceedings ivs especially wor- thy of notice on this occasion, by the lat« arbitrary and unconstitutional removal of a Judge highly and justly esteemed by us ; by the destruction of one independent press ; by a violence almost burglarious, by clerks, relations and dependents of men in office and jiower ; by the silencing another press by means of unconstitutional security exacted of its editor before conviction of any fault ; and now by the virtual suppression of a third independent press by a most severe and disproportionate .sentence passed on its editor, Francis Collins, on a libel: a .sentence fraught with a measure of punishment against the temperance and moS, the appropriation of which for the Public Service is under the control of the crown, appeared (|uite sutticient to defray the expen.ses of the current year. An intimation to this eff'ect was conveyed to you in my reply to one of your addresses early in the present month." The exasperating indifference to tlio will of the House is thus accounted for. It may be added, that in a short time orders were received from England for the liberation of Collins, and the remission of the fine of £.")() which had been imposed. In May, 1S20, the following advertisement appears in the columns of the Lojjiilist. " Parliament Huildings, — Seale7, and incor- porated in 1822, Its cost was defrayed out of the funds of the Society. The erection of this building was chiefiy promoted and superintendi-d by ])r. W. W. Baldwin, of Spadina House, on Spadina Hill, a proficient in the law, us we have already heard, as well as in medicine. The building has its name from Chief .lustice Osgoode, the first legal ofiiccr of tiiat rank in Upper Canada. Among the many interesting portraits in oil of high legal functionaries jireserved in various parts of this building, there is an excellent one of Chief Justice O.sgoode himself, from whom tlie Hall has its name, coi)ied from a jiortrait taken from life, in the possession of C'aptain .Tolin Ivennaway Simcoe, H.N,, the present occupant of VVolford, the family seat, in Devonshire, of the foumler of the Upper Canadian York. Before the erection of the l)uilding at the head of Y'ork Street, sittings of the benchei-s and examinations of law students took place for a time in the building already spoken of as llussell Abbey, The ordinary appellation of O.sgoode Hall among the populace of the neighbourhood was for a long period " Lawyers' Hall," The object of the Law Society of Upper Canada is set forth in an ' Act for the bettor regulating the Practice of the Law," passed at Newark, ►•o*- li i 106 MEMORIAL VOLUME. July 3rd, 17i)7. The then practitioners in Upper Canada were allowed to form themselves into a society, " as well for the establishing of order among themselves as for t!ie purpose of securing to the Province and the profession a learned and honourable Body, to assist their fellow-sub- jects as occasion may recjuire, and to support and maintain the constitu- tion of the said Province." When the Parliament assembled again at York, in 1830 (Januai-y Sth), a good deal of the popularity of the Lieutenant-Governor with the reform- ing party had passed away. The cauti(m which he had observed, acting, doubtless, under strict orders from his superiors in London, had tried their patience. In their Address in reply to the opening Speech, the demand was again made for the dismissal of the existing Executive Council. But the Governor still declined to commit himself. The reply to the Address of the House was : " I thank you for your Address," and that was all. In the curtness of the words we are not to see sulleiiness or displeasure, as would have been indicated in the case of the preceding Governor, but sim- ply a kind of amused reticence on the part of one who waited with curi- osity to sec what would happen next. Another famous reply of Sir John Colborne's, at a somewhat later period, to a petition presented by a numerous deputation from the coun- try, was, " Gentlemen, I have received the petition of the inhabitants : " — and again, no more; a reminiscence probably at the moment crossing the mind of thi' speaker of some troublesome village or town in the Peninsula a few years back. On this occasion, it is said, Government House, at Yoik, where the petition was expected to be presented, was put in a state of strong military ilefence. That such relations should have come into existence between a ruler of pure and noble intentions and any portion of the people under his sway, is saddening in the retrospect ; at a time, too, when numerous circumstances were concurring to make the country very prosperous. At the opening of a session of Parliament held at York in October, 1832, the Lieutenant-Governor was able to address the House in terms like these : — " The continued immigration, unprecedented as regards the intlustry and capital transferred to this country from the Paivnt State, is, by its beneficial inHuencl^ bringing the Province rapidly forward, and opening to you the fairest prospects. Your deliberations, therefore, can- not but render this session of peculiar imjxirtance to the general intenists of the colony. You will learn with .satisfaction that tiic ]M)pulation has increa.seil not less than a fourth since the report forwarded for your in- furniation last session; that the immigrants, with few exceptions, are fully occupieil in the ilistricts in whicli they are establisheil ; and that tlie .L TORONTO.- PAST AND PRESENT. 107 extensive agricultural improvements and actual cultivation, promise sup- port and employment for our countiymen whom the current of events may induce to fix their abode in this part of the Empire." Nevertheless, it was a certain thing with those who had adopted the reforming views, that these circumstances of prosperity were no proof that there was no- thinj; wionj' in the administration of affairs. With them it continued to he a certain thing, that until the relations of the few to the many throughout the whole of Canada were made permanently just, there could be no enduring contentment or real happiness among the people at large, let tlie material prosperity of the country be what it might. Another monument of the era of Sir John Colborne, estaVili,shcd at York, still endures in the institution known as Upper Canada College. Tiiis great Public Kchool was brought into complete operation through the instrumentality of this Lieutenant-Governor in 1830. Tenders for the erection of the l)uildings were advertised for in tiie Loi/itlist of May 2n(l, in the preceding year, in these words : " Minor ("olioge. — Sealed Tenders for erecting a school-liouse and four dwelling-houses, will be received on the tirst Monday of June next. Plans, elevations and specifications may bo seen after the I2th instant, on application to the Hon. George Mark- land, from whom further information may be received. York, 1st May, 18-2!)." In Sir John Colborne's opening .speech, on the 8th of January, 182!), after the remark — " the public .schools are generally increasing, but their present organiziition seems susceptible of improvement," there occun this passage : " Measinvs will be adopted, 1 hope, to reforn\ the Royal Gram- mar School, and to incorporate it with the University recently endowed by his Majesty, and to introduce a system in that seminary that will open to the youth of tiie Province the means of receiving a liberal and exten- sive cour.se of instruction. Uncea.sing (exertion should be made to attract able masters to this country, where the population bears no proportion to the number of offices and employments that must necessaril)' be held by men of education and ac(|uirements, disposed to support the laws and your free institutions." In the general form given to the echo of this porti(m of the Speech on the Address from the Commons, thei(y is a good deiil of meaning. " We will direct our anxious attention to the state of the ])ublic schools," the lh)use of Assendily said, "and consider wluvt im|)iov<'inents in the present imperfect and unsatisfactory system are best calcidated to open to the youth of this Province the n\eans of receiving a liberal and (ex- tensive course of instruction ; and we ar(> fully sensible of the vast im- t i -^•-< 108 MEMORIAL VOLUME. portance of unceasing exertions to v ttract able masters to the country, where the papulation and wealth bear no proportion to the number of offices and employments, which ought to be held by men of educa- tion and acquirements disposed to support the laws, and, what we are highly gratified to find so favourably mentioned by your Excellency, the free institutions of our country." Satire possibly lurked in the expression " ought to be held." When Sir John Colborne arrived in Upper Canada, he came straight from Guernsey, and fresh from a task of educational reform accomplished by him in that island. He had rendered his administration there memo- rable b}' the successful renovation and modernization of Elizabeth College, a foundation of the times of Queen Elizabeth, but fallen to decay. In Upper Canada, a formal university, after the model of the English uni- versities, had been from the beginning an element in the polity of the country ; but actually to .set up and put in motion such a piece of learned machinery seemed hitherto premature. On his settlement at York, Sir John Colborne soon made up his mind not to push forward into inmie- diate existence, as by some he was urged to do, the larger establishment, but to found a preliminary and prejjaratory institution, which should meet the immediate educational wants of the community. He obtained the sanction of the home authorities ; and the substance of a despatch from head-i|nnrters on the subject was communicated to the House in the fol- lowing terms, which shew a certain indefiniteness, as yet, in regard to the organization and exact aim of the proposed establishment : "The advan- tages that will result fiom an institution conducted by nine or ten able masters, under whoso tuition the youth of the Province could be prepared for any profession, arc indisputable ; and if such a school were pornui- nently established, and the charter (of King's College) so modified that any professor shall be eligible for the ( 'ouneil, and that the students of the college shall have liberty and faculty of taking degrees in the manner that .shall hereafter be directed liy the stat\ites and ordinances framed by his Majesty's government, the University must flourish, and prove highly beneficial to the colony." By ailiipting this line of action, Sir John Colborne lost the favour of some of the custonuvry advisers of Lieutenant-Qovernors in Upper Canada, as seeming to postpone the establishment of the University proper to a very distant day; but he gained the gratitiuU," of many throughout the country. With the nccessiiry modificatii)Us, Klizabeth College, Guernsey, was re- produced at York, in the institution which soon became famous far and wide lus Upper Canada College, Among some it was long fami- -♦■(i-a TORONTO: PAUT AND PRESENT. 100 liarily spoken of as the Minor College, with allusion to the University which was to be ; and this was the title placet 1, as we have seen, at the head of the original advertisement for tenders. The Loynlifit newspaper refers to the institution, while yet in embryo, as Colborne College, as if to suggest that name for it. The Rev. Dr. Harris, with a staff of masters, for the most part selected in Englantl, was nominated as the liead of the new institution, and en- trusted with the task of its actual organization. Dr. Harris himself had been highly distinguished at the University of Cambridge, where he had been a Fellow of Clare Hall. Dr. Phillip.s, the Vice-Principal, was also a Cambridge man, long since graduated at Queen's College. He was al- ready in the country, at the head of the District or Royal Grammar School at York. Mr. Dade, the mathematical master, was, at the tiui'^ of his appointment, a Fellow of Caius College, and continued for a number of years still to retain that honourable distinction. Mr. Mpthews, the first classical master, was a graduate of Pembroke (Joliege, a brilliant cla-ssical .scholar, and a proficient \i\ Hebrew, having won the Tyrwhitt Hebrew Scholarship of the University ; and Mr. Boulton, the second classical master, a son of Mr. Justice Boulton, of York, was a graduate of Queen's College, Oxford, and for some time engaged in tuition in the old-endowed Blundell's School, at Tiverton, Devon. Each of these gontlemei\ wius an accjuisition to the connnunity at York. They were all of them instrumental in inaugurating and fostering in Upper Canada a species of scholarship which is peculiarly English. " The jar long retains the odour of the wine with which, when new, it was first filled." To this day there lingers here and there in Canada, I'pjier and Lower, .some of the aroma of the old Massic firat supplied to the country by Dr. Harris and his colleagues. Another gentleman attached to Upper Canada College by Sir John Colborne was Mi-. T^rury, an artist of no ordinary skill, whose paintings in oil of .scenery about the Falls of Niagara ami in the White Mountains were held by judges to be remarkable. Mr. Drury did a good deal in the way of cultivating art and artistic matters at York. The same may be said of Mr. J. G. Howard, afterwards the eminent architect at York, who, although not brought out expressly to undertake duties in Upper Canada ( 'ollege, was attached to that institution very soon by Sir John Colborne. The French Master was Mr. J. P. de la Haye, of St. Malo, wiio had had much experience in schools in England. The plot of ground on which the College buildings were erected had previously been known lus llu.ssell Square. While these were being pre- i ^ Ml-*- ^^am wmmmsmmmm t II -♦-(I- 110 MEMORIAL VOLUME. pareil, the work of the College began in the old District or Royal Gram- mar School, .situate, at the time, at the southern corner of March and Nelson Streets (to-day, Lombard and Jarvis Streets), but previously placed in the middle of the school block defined by Church, Adelaide, Jarvis and Richmond Streets, a building itself already memorable to many in Upper Canada as the scene of their boyish training in the Utenv humiiniorcs. For the jjurposes of the new College, the inteiior of the old school was divided into rooms by panelled partitions, which reached not ijuito to the ceiling, one room being assigned to each master. The rooms of the Principal and Mathematical Master were up-stairs, as was also the Assembling or Prayer Hall. In 18^1, teaching began in the new building, and there the first examination and distribution of prizes took place. A curious adverse criticism of Dr. Dunlop's, on the first aj)pointments at Upper Canada College, was that they were chiefly Cambridge men. In his " Statistical Sketches of Upper (.'anada," already quoted, he takes the trouble to say : " The only objection (to the new institution at York) is that the majority of the masters are Cantabs; whereas it would have been more advisable had they been selected from the more orthodox and gentlemanly Univeisity." In which remark we have a record of a foolish prejudice on the part of Dr. Dunlop, derived, possibly, from his long asso- ciation with writers in BUtckwood and Fraxer, among whom the fixed notion prevailed that Cambridge was innately Whiggish, and, therefore, not gentlemanly. I come now to notice a charitable bazaar, held at York in 1832, under the auspices and through the direct personal action of Lady t'ol- borne. It claims a place in these annals, as having been the first ever seen on a largo scale in York. The bazaar, or fancy fair for charitable purpo.ses, was probably to a great extent a novelty, even in England, at the time. The object of the one now held at York was the relief of orphans and others rendered desolate by the ravages of the cholera, and other causes. This long re- membered sale took place on the 2nd of September, in one of the large Commissariat storehou.ses built on the beach near the foot of John Street. An uj)per flat was cleared of its contents. The sides of the walls and the beams oveiheav , TORONTO: PAST AND PRESENT. Ill drawing together in a kindly spirit, if only for a few 4 (1-^ -*^^ 4- 112 MEMORIAL VOLUME. It appears, however, from Dunlop, tliat mtiterials for pigeon-pie were sometimes very abundant at Vork : "About two summers ago," he writes, in 1832, "a stream of wild pigeons tool< it into their heads to Hy over York ; and for three or four days the town resounded with one continued loll of firing, as if a skirmish were going on in the streets. Every gun, pistol, musket, blunderbuss and tirearm of whatever description, wius put in re(juisition. The constables and police magistrates were on the alert, and offenders without number were pulled u]) ; among them were hon- ourable menibers of the Executive and Legislative Councils, Crown law- yers, respectable, staid citizens, and, last of all, the Sheriff of the county ; till at last it was found that pigeons, flying within easy shot, were a temptation too strong for human virtue to withstand, and so the contest was given up." Apropos of delicacies at York : Captain Hamilton, writing as " the author of Cyril Thornton," in his " Men and Manners in America," expressed his surprise that excellent ice-creams could be pro- cured there in 1832. " In passing through the streets, I was rather sur- prised," he says, " to observe an affic/ie intimating that ice-creams were to be had within. The weatlier h ig hot, I entered, and found the master of th-^ establishment to be an Italian. I never ate better ice at Grange's " (some fashionable resort in London, probably). This Italian was Franco Rossi, 217 King Street West. He and the signora are well remembered. I add here an observation on certain alleged sporting propensi- ties at York, made at this period by Lieutenant Coke, in his " Subal- tern's Furlough." It is a good example of the senseless generaliza- tion which tourists will occasionally make, from a solitary, or at all evnts, a rarely occurring incident which they may have chanced to witness. " There are no places of amusement (at York)," the Lieutenant writes, " and the chief diversion of the young men appeared to consist in shooting mos()uito hawks, wliich hovered plentifully about the streets and upon the margin of the bay of an evening. Upon these occasions the sportsmen make their appearance, equipped in .shooting-jackets and accompanied l)y their dogs, as if |)repared for a 12th of Augu.st on the moors of Scotland." The harmless, nay beneficent, night-hawk.s, ances- tors of the numerous birds of that species still to be heard in the .skies over the same region, swooiiing down on cockchafei-s and iieetles, could scarcely have been the quarry which Lieutenant Coke's young men were really in (|uest of. Snipe and woodcock were to be found in most places everywhere round York, at the proper season, especially in the evening. As to woodcock at York, I subjoin what Major T. W. Magrath says in his clever "Authentic Lettera from Upper Canada," Dublin, 1833: "It ^i TORONTO: PAST AND PRESENT. 113 appears extraordinary to a sportsman coming from the old country who has been accu.sto„>ed to shoot woodcocks in the depth of winter, to Hnd on h,s arnval here, that the sum.ner months are those when that sport is enjoyed m h.^h perfection-not at the raon.ent reflecting that they heing nrds of passage, will ho led by instinct to desert the northern latitudes (before they becon.e bound in impenetrable frost) for milder climes whose unfrozen springs are better suited to their m.nner of subsistence As a specimen of the sport, I have known Mr. Charles Heward, of' York to have shot, in one day, thirty brace, at Chippewa, close to the Falls' of Niagara ; and I myself, who am far from being a first-rate shot, have fre- quently brought home from twelve to fourteen brace, my brothers per- forming their parts with equal success." ^1 ,1 CHAPTER IV. '°'"Mu':.r''''^'''^' VOHK._.MACKEN...'.S KXPULSIOXS.-A PROCESSION. ™V-s!;r '"" "^'"''^^'^-"^^•'^ '^^AIN IN VOKK.-THK REKORM t^^^^ '''''*''""" "^ ^■'^•^^'^ ^'^ol^'-a' al>-''"'*dy mentione.1, ca.sts a ■If 'mi ^ """"' ^^' P'"*"^ ""^ '"'""^ ^« '"^^'« '^"•'^■«'^' For a time mfe; -^ ^''''''^^'^'^ «''"'^™1 l'"'^'»««'* '^"'1 enterprise at Vork ; although fe /^ '"'^^' '"''''" ^^'^ ^^"^ beneficial effect of turning the minds of .^. people resident there to the necessity of organization for .sanitarv, 2 as for other purpo.ses. A population of nearly ten thousand ha^l congregated together; and nothing worth the naming had as yet been done tor the drainage and general cleanliness of the place The last three or four years of the Fourth Decade of York are also not pleasant to contemplate on account of the distracted condition of the coin- .nunity, and of the whole country, arising out of an accumulation of mis- takes on the part of the ruling powei. on the spot and in the Mother Lountry. The very intensity of the antagonism of parties about thi,s time, however, gave promise of the approach of a crisis. The main- tamers of popular rights at York and elsewhere were being driven to desperation. The party of the Executive, when defeate.l in the Assem- bly, were pretty sure that the measure obnoxious to them would be re- i i 114 MEMORIAL VOLUME. jected in the Council. And when, through the general election of 1832, they acquired a majority in tlie House, they at once tried to make their successes doubly sure, by decreeing public strictures on their proceedings to be a criminal infringement of privilege. When Mr. Mackenzie, in bis place as one of the members for the county of York, ventured fearlessly to expose what he believed to be the viciousness of the banking system lately introduced at York, ho was speediy got rid of. Ingeniously con- trived charges were urgently pressed, and he was expelled the House. Re-election followed, of course ; and re-expulsion — a process repeated five times ; the removal from the Hou.so being moie than once by the aid of force. It is not within my province, as annalist simply of York, to go very extensively into particulars. As a summar}', I subjoin a toast pre- served in Mackenzie's " Sketches," offered at a Typographical Society's meeting at Albany, in 1832. In printers' language, the situation was as follows : — " The Parliament of Upper Canada : a form of squabbled mat- ter, locked up in the chase of restriction, with the quoins of violence and dissension, whose capitals are contiiuuiUy falling out." A spectacular phenomenon or pageant in the stieets of York, on the 2nd of January, 1832, connected with the troubles of the time, must bo men- tioned. It wa.s a demonstration to celebrate the second return of Mr. Mac- kenzie, after expulsion. I adopt a description given by himself in his " Sketches " : "A procession was formed (at the Red Lion Inn, on Yonge Street — Price's or 'I'iers's, where the hustings were). In front of it was an immense sleigh belonging to Mr. Montgomery, which was drawn by four horses, and carried between twenty and thirty men and two or three High- land pipers. From fifty to one liundred sleighs followed, and between one ai\d two tliousand of the inhabitants. The procession pa.s,sed by the (lov- ernment House, from thencoto the Parliament House, thence to Mr. Caw- thra's, and then to Mr. Siaekinzie's own house, giving eheeix at each of these |)laces. One of the most singular curiosities of the day," it is adcled, " was a little printing-press, placed on one of the sleighs, warmed by a furnace, on which a coiq)le of boys continued, while moving through the streets, to strike off their New Year's Address, and throw it to the ]ieoj)le. Over the press was hoisted a crimson Hag, with tiie motto, ' 'i'he Liberty of the Press.' 'I'he mottoes on tlie other flags were — ' King William IV. and Reform,' — ' Hidwell ai\il the glorious minority,' — ' 1832, a Good Begin- ning,' — 'A Free Press, the Terror of Sycophant.s.' The procoeilings wore conducted with general onler and sobriety, though with nnich spirit," It should bo stated that, on the apex of Mr, Montgomery's pyramidal sleigh, Htood the hero of the day himself, woaring the golden chain and medal Ml*- L TORONTO: PAtiT AND PRESENT. 115 pit'sented to him, a few Iiours previously, at the Red Lion, by his consti- tiienis. It must be added, tliat Mackenzie's attempts about this time, by means oi newspaper paragraphs and ahnanac items, to alFeet the minds of the common soldiers of the regiments then in the country, by artfully- contrived appeals to their respective nationalities, with a view to inducing them, on an emergency, to disobey tlieir officers and fratorniz'j with the party of reform, was in every way reprehensible. A day or two after the jnocession, when the re-elected member had taken his seat, and it was moved that he should be le-expelled, the chain and medal came forth to view again; now in the presence of the assem- bled Legislature, in a scene which has thus been described: " Mr. Mac- kenzie attemptetl to convince the House of its error by shewing that it was setting itself in opposition to public opinion ; and pointing, in proof, to the approbation of his constituents, as shewn both by his re-election and the gold medal that had been presented to him. He then took out of his pocket the massive object, and i)y means of the enormous chain of the same material, suspended it round his neck, declaring that he would wear it while he held his seat, if it were only for an hour." Being interrupted in his explanations, and declared out of order by the Speaker, lie withtlrew from the building in ili.sgust ; when tlie vote for re-expulsion was taken, with the following result. Yeas, — Messrs. Attorney-Cieneral, Berezy, (!. Boulton, Brown, Burwell, Chisholm, Crooks, T. Elliott, A. Frazer, Jarvis, Jones, Lewis, Maeon, McMaitin, Macnab, Morris, Mount, Robinson, Sam- son, Shade, Solicitor-General, Thompson, VanKoughnet, Warren, John Willson, W. Wilson, and Werden — '17. Nays, — Messrs. Benrdsley, Bid- well, Buell, (Jampbell, Clark, Cook, Duneombe, Howard, Ketchuni, Lyon.s, McCall, A. McDonald, 1). McDonald, Norton, Perry, Randal, Roblin, Shaver, and White,- I il In May, 1H:}2, Mr. Mackenzie was on his way to Kngland, as the dele- gate of a "central connnittce of thi' friends of civil and religious liberty," in the county of York and the surrounding districts. Ho was commis- sioned to bring befor(^ the penple of (ireat Britain, in every possible way, the grievances ot the people of Upper Canada. The time was held to bo propitious for the purpose. A rel'orming king, William IV., was on the throne, ami the commons of the mothi r country were just about to recover their legitima*e share in the government by the passing of a meas- ure for their better representation in I'arlianu'nt. What the conuuons of Upper Caiuvda were seeking was to obtain the same advantage ; the reality of it in addition to the Komblance. Hume, Brougham, Ellice, O'Connell, (!obbett, and leailers tif tlie Liberal jiarty generally, gave the Upper Can- 1 (i ^•4 L 116 MEMORIAL VOLUME. ada delegate a friendly reception. Ho was listened to also with yreat consideration by the Colonial Minister, Lord Qoderieh. During his absence in England, the ceremony of expulsion was repeated at York, the Attorney-General and Solicitor-General, Mr. Boulton and Mr. Hagerman, taking a prominent part in the proceedings. This gave grave oftence at the Colonial Oflice, as they had been censured already from that quarter for pronouncing the previous expulsions constitutional. They were ac- cordingly dismissed. The exultation at York among Mr. Mackenzie's friends was, of com-se, very great ; while in the opposite ranks all was dismay and irritation, and the York Courier, a Government organ, ven- tured to expre.ss itself thus : " The mind.s of the well-affected Ijogin to l>e unhinged. They already begin to cast about in their mind's eye for some new state of political existence which .shall effectually jjut the colony without the pale of British connexion." While Mr. Mackenzie was in England, Lord Goderieh resigned the otiico of Colonial Secretary, and was succeeded by Mr. Stanley. Mr. Boulton and Mr. Hagerman were soon in London themselves. The explanations ofl'ered by Mi\ Hagerman were considered so satisfactory 'by Mr. Stanley that he was re-instated as Solicitor-General ; and althoiigh it was not thought expedient that Mr. Boulton should reiissume oflicial functions at York, he received an appointment in Newfoumlland. It now became the turn of the reforming i)aity at York to bo angry, and to echo and retail whatever rash things Mr, Hume or others in England might bo tempted to write on the occasion, about the "baneful domination of the mother country," so that b}- tlie time of Mr. Mackenzie's return to York, in Au- gust, bS3.'}, the feeling of exasperation on both sides was more intense than ever. The incidents of this period in the annals of York are painful to read of, and interesting (mly so far iis they were clearly stej)s in the process whereby the constitution of Canada was made truly, ami not in name oidy, an "image and transcript" of Grent Britain; steps in the piocess whereby the people of Upper Canada finnlly olitrtined what the ]iarent state had itself only recently recovered — a just representation in the Commons' House, and an Executive responsible to themselves, as thus represented in all matters relating to their own atl'airs. This, as it now appears, was all that the lleform party f Tppor Canada had been aim- ing at, from the days of President Uussell to those of Sir John Coliiorne - TORONTO: PAST AND PHESENT CHAITEK V. 117 ^fl YOKK VANISIIKS.-TOKONTO AIM'KAIW. " Time is liko n fasliioimble host That slightly shakes his parting guest by the Imiid, And with his anus ontstretoheil, as he w.>iild fly, ' Orasps-in the comer : welcome ever smiles, And farewell goes out sighing. — Shakm'fakk : Tr. uiul (',e.i. I. ■^,;' '"^^ tlio meantin.e tlio Upper (.'amuli in York, tlirou-h evil n- mV^ '""'' ™'^ »"°''' ^"■''''' ""'^ 'P''''*"'' »'-^Pa"'li"g naturally aecorain-r •i^jf ^" *'"" cotulitiona and laws of its circmnstaiices. The scones '^M '' "*"'^'' "''"^ "'"'■'''' '^'''■'^ """''^y 'i'«""l«'"i'l- The Park reserved ^''^ forg-vernnient purposes, destined, as was jrrandly iniagirie.l, to bo adorned in the future with departmental Imildinus. each surroun-le.l t.y its own ornamental grounds, hecame, for a time, a .piarter wholly in- eli-il.lo in point of beauty of scenery and salubrity of air. The place of Its Halls of Parliament, its Palace of (.lovernment, aft.;r remaining .jes.,. late for years as an appendage too extensive, was utiliz M by bein^r made then the site of a prison and gas-works. The time, however, eam^when as has been already state.l, not a s,,nare rood in any part of th vat area over which the town that was York had spread wa.s not four.d h. be of high utility, for some purpo.se or other, in the economy of a numerous conununity. In 18;{+, Yor.v embraced, in round nund.ers, a population of nearly 1 000 souls. All the usual trades, occupations an.l i>rofessions called in'to 1,^..- by the necessities an.l caprices of men had developed themsehvs ther.- ^ Among the industries of the place were, for e.xampl.-. the manufacture o» paper, of whi.'h we have already once heard, i,y Messrs. Kastwood \- Skinner ; iron fouuilries and steam-engine manufactories, by NU.s.srs Shel- den v^- Dutoherand ('. Perry ; the manufacture of blue and' Poland starch by lienjamin Knott; of candles and soap, by Oharl.'s Stotesbury and' Pet.'r iMceland; steam saw-mills for the manufacture of lumber l.y |>r llobiason, and a wind-mill, built of brick, for the nmnulacture of tl'ou'r by Messrs. Worts v^- (Jooderham, " ,.ast of the town, on the Bay-.shoro." For the promothm of literature and scienc.., there were th.- Literary and Philo- sophical Society, formed by J)rs. Dunlopand llees.and Mr. l-'othergill ; (he * 1 i ••(II -•-•^ -U 118 MEMORIAL VOLUME. Mechanics' Institute, with a .small library, and a scheme for the diffusion of Useful Knowledge, by means of lectures and experiments, promoted by Mr. Dunn, Dr. Baldwin, Dr. Rolph, Dr. Dunlop, Mr. Brent, Mr. Jarvis, Mr. Ewart, Mr. Worts, Mr. Musson, and others ; the library ke[)t at Mr. Timothy Parson's, 215 King Street; a Conmiercial Reading- Room formed by the exertions of Mr. Monro, Mr. Brent, Mr. Newbigging, Mr. Onrfrae and others ; branches of the Religious Tract and Book Society, supported by Mr. Ketchum, Mr. Small, Mr. John Gamble, Edward Goldsmith, Wal- ter Rose, and otliers — the depot of books being kept at Mr. Robert Cath- cart's general drj' gooils store, HI King street. There were also etfieient .schools, independent of those supported by Government funds; as Mr. Caldicott's, Mr. Stewart's, and Mr. Boyd's ; and Hiss Bliss's York Infant School. In regard to art, Me.s.srs. Daly and Howard had aimed to culti- vate the public t^aste by instituting loan exhibitions, and Mr. Tazewell had begun to work in lithography, and to ptoduce a number of Cr.nadian views. As to music and the drama, both had received attention in private houses at York (traditions exist of private theatricals in good style at Spadina hou.se and the Garrison) ; but in public they were constrained to put up with ver}' humbh (juarters in Franks' ball-room, to which a rather steep and not very steady staircase was made to lead on the out- side (not far from the market place), until, in about 1832, a Theatre Royal, on the principal street, a few yards west of tlie modern Jordan Street, was established, under the very respectable management of Mr. .1. E. T. C. Vaughau, " formerly of Drury Lane Theatre, London." Literary periodit'als had been again and again started, though destined, as is usual with such cnteiprises for a while in young countries, to be short-lived ; as the " Hoseharp," editer reluctant at first, became of one mind on those subjects, and agreed to iiflk I'arliament for a charter of incorporation. The proposition was readily entertained ; and in February, 1834, a Bill was intro- duced by Mr, Jarvis, the membtu- for the town, and carried successfully \ T ^^. I -♦-(I- 120 MEMORIAL VOLUME. through the House. On Thursday, the 6th of March, 1834, it received the royal assent, and became law. It was an elaborate Act, containing ninety-seven clauses. The preamble set forth that from the rai)id in- crease of the population, commerce and wealth of the town of York, a more efficient system of police and municipal government than tiiat now established had become obviously necessary ; therefore it was enacted that the place should be con.stituted a city, and divided into wards, with two aldermen and two common counciluien for each ward, to be elected by the inhabitants, and a mayor, who should be elected by the aldermen and council-men from amoni,' themselves ; and these were to unilertake the management of the affairs of the said city, and the Iev3'ing of such moderate taxes as should be found necessary for improvements and other public pur|)oses. And, because the name of York was common to so many towns and places, it was desirable to designate the capital of the Province by a name which would better distinguish it, and none appearing more eligible than that by which the site of the existing town was known be- fore the name of York was assigned to it ; therefore it was furthermore enacted that all the iiduibitants of the said city and the liberties thereof, should from time to time, and at all times thereafter, continue to bo one Body Corporate and Politic, in fact and in name, by the name of the City of Toronto. Power was at the same time given to the Lieu- tenant-Governor to change at his pleasure the title of any other place al- ready having the name of Toronto to "something else." The neighbour- ing township of Toronto was probably alluded to, which was sometimes wpoken of simply as Toronto. But no use was made of the permission thus given, Mine days after the passing of the Act (March loth), a proclamation from the Lieutennnt-Uovernor, Sir John Colborne, appeared in the Oazettc, appointing Thursday, the i'7th of tlie same month, for tins first election of aldermen and eoiniudn council-men for the several wards. Tiie proclamation was countersigned " Robert S. Jameson, Attorncy-Oeneral." By the third day of the following April the elections had taken place ; and the man chosen from among themselves, by the elected aldermen and connnon council-men, to bo the first mayor of the city, was Mr. William Lyon Mackenzie. Having thus, so far as lay in my power, ad-m "-•-^ TORONTO: PAST AND PRESENT. 121 much ignominy at York, should finally have become its first chief magis- trate, when incorporated d who have not sufflcient leisure to follow the nmre extended and elaborate history which formi the first part of the |)reBent volume. Toronto, aoth March. 1884. ''^^^ CHARLES DKNT. ^ lii' ^'^ r H»-a INTRODUCTION. CHAPTER 1. FKOM THE KAKLIEST TIMKS TO TMK K(tUNl)lNCi OK THE TOWN OK YORK. 'N the works of several enterprising pioneers who explored the wilds of New France during the seventeenth century, and in the wondrous narratives of some of those Jesuit Fathers whose Relations form so valuable an aid to the proper undei^stand- ' P ing of our early history, we t»ccasionally meet with a word which was then a novelty in literature, but which has s'.nce become a fa- miliar one in tlie eyes and oat's of the inhabitants of ail civilized coun- tries. We find it spelled in a great variety of ways by different writers, and the significations assigned to it are as various as the forms of the word itself. It is most fre(piently met with in its present form — Toronto; but we sometimes find it .spelled Toronton, Taranton, Tarento, Torontog ; and; more rarely, in the less recognisable shape of Atouronton, Oioranto, or Taronth^. The word is presumably of Huron origin, and the varieties in its fonn are doubtless attributable to tlie attempts of different chroni- clers to reduce the native Indian j)ronunciation to P^uropean orthography. Of the numeious interpretations assigned to the word, the only two which have met with much acceptance arc " trees rising from the water,'' and " the place of meeting." Well-attested facts .seem to establish the latter as the true signification. When the expression fii-st became known to Europeans, it was applied, not to the site of tlie present capital of On- tario, but to a more northerly re-^iou 'ying between the western shore of what is now Lake Simcoe and the sjuthern shore of the inlet of Lake Huron now known as the C.r. v^ian Bay. In some old maps we find Lake Simcoe itself marked "Lao de Toronto," and in others, the Georgian Bay set down as " Baie de Toronto." Several rivers and smaller lakes in the neighbourhood are also set down under the general name of " To- ronto." The fact is, that the whole country thereabouts was the ancient headquarters of the Huron Nation, and that several spois on the shores of the lakes were common points of assembling for the various native K^-a ► d-^ .■««*e^"* I il TORONTO: PAUT AND PRESENT. 125 tribes. The word used I)y the Indians to designate their phice of meet- ing was taken by the early explorers for a proper name, and as such was applied generally to the region so characterized, as well as to certain com- ponent parts of it. This is the most reasonable explanation which can now he given of the origin of the familiar word "Toronto." In much more recent times, the word was for several years applied to the settle- ment at what is now called Port Hope. But how did the name " Toronto " come to be applied, nearly two hundred yeai's ago, to a point on or near the site of the city which now beam that name — a site considerably removed from the ancient "place of meeting"? In order to give a satisfactory reply to this question, it will be neces- sary to enter into certain rather minute details ; and with a view to avoiding confusion it will be desirable to refer to some of tlie geographi- cal features of the country by their modern names. The Hurons, when travelling from their settlements to Lake Ontarii employed two different routes. One of these was by way of the Rivti Severn, Lake Couchiching, and the north-eastern shore of Lake Simcoe, to the mouth of the Talbot River. They proceeded up the last-named stream as far as canoe navigation was practicable, and then crossed over by a portage to Lake Balsam. From here the route was by the chain of small lakes to the river Trent, by which they reached the Bay of Quintd, and ultimately Lake Ontario. This route was much used by the Hurons, not only in their ordinary excursions to Lake Ontaiio and back, but whenever they ventured into the territory of their hereditary foes, the Iroquois, in the Province of New York. It was over this toilsome route that C'hamplain was conducted to the camp of the Senecas, near Lake Canandaigua, on the occasion of his famous expedition in 1615. The other route to Lake Ont.ario was much less in request than the one above indicated. It lay by various well-known paths through the interminable forest, to a point near the source of the stream now known as the River Humber. Here a small fleet of canoes was generally kept concealed among the dense vegetation of the swamps, and the remainder of the journey was made by water to the river's mouth. Thence the journey wa,s sometimes continued across the lake to the mouth of the Niagara. Although this route was not a constant thoroughfare, like that by way of the Bay of Quints, it wa.s by no means permitted to fall into dLsuse, and a well-marked trail extended all the way from the place of embarkation at the source of the Humber to a point on the Georgian Bay, near the present site of Peuetanguishene. H -»IH i. 126 MEMORIAL VOLUME. When the agents of the French Fur Companies began to settle upon the banks of the Lower St. Lawrence, and to send their coureurs des hoin liitlu'r and thither througli the far western wilderness in search of furs, many of the latter used to avail- themselves of these routes through the country of the Hurons in order to reach Michiliiuackinac, where Indians, laden with peltries, were wont to assemble in great numbers from the Lake Superior region. The most common route from the Lower St. Lawrence to Michilimackinac was by the Ottawa River and the country of the Nipissings, and down the French River to the Georgian Bay, whence the rest of the journe}' was literally "plain sailing." But valu- able furs were also to be had on the ujiper reaches of the St. Lawience, and along the northern shore of Lake Ontario. Owing to this fact, not a few of the adventurers, instead of a.scending the Ottawa, proceeded up the St. Lawrence, and by means of repeated portages made their way to the upper lakes, establlshijig trading j'elations with the Indians hero and there. Some of them, having reached Lake Ontario, and having niatle what purchases they could along the route thus far, stnick into the west- ward trail by way of the River Trent, and thence made their way to Micliilimackinae. Others passeii along the entire northern shore of the lake in batteaux, landing and trafficking wherever the smoke, curling skyward, indicated the presence of Indian wigwams. Having made what bargains they could all along the route as far as the head of the lake, some of these intrepid voyageurs, sending back their batteau.x laden with peltries, proceeded u|) the Niagara to above the mighty cata- raet, and there providi^d themselves with other boats, in whicii they passed by way of iiiike Erie and Detroit to Michilimackinac. Others, amiin, having reached the head of Lake Ontai'io, chose to v.turn as far a.s the mouth of the 1! umber, and to proceed thence to Mithilimaekiniie thri)Ugli tin- Huron eountry. It will thus be seen that, no matter what the route pui'suod, the com- mon goal was the same. Michilimackinac was the great wc^stern centre of the fur trade, 'i'ho profits realized from tlie traffic were innnense, and in process of tini'j began to a'. 'ract the attention of the Kiigli.sh colonist, in the Province of New York. Some of the.se resolved to follow in the footsto|)H of the French traders, and to participate in the profitable nego- tiations at Michilimackinac. In currying out this resolve they ran serious risks, not only from the western Induinn, who were for the most part staunch allies of the French, but from the French traders them- Holvos, by whom they were regarded as trespassers on the domain of the most Christian King. Tliii ilid not det(>r them, however, and they on -t- Ml*- TORONTO: PAST AND PRESENT. 127 two ()Cca.sioii.s caiiie over in consifleraWe numbei-s. Tliey ivturriL'tl from I'otl; expeditions laden with valuable furs, and the profits furnished an ample reeompense for the dangers which they hfc,d encountered. This interference with the rights claimoil by the French monopolists thrcat- euvd to become a serious blow to the prospects of the latter, and to render nugatory the exclusive privileges conferred by their charters. The incursions of the English must be stopped at any cost. There were three routes from New York to Michilimackinac, being precisely the three routes above indicated, by way of Detroit, the Ifumber, and the Trent. Either of the latter two routes was easily accessible, for thi; Hurons had meanwhile been dispersed, driven from tlu^ir native country, and nearly annihilated, by the implacable lro([Uois in Ki-i'.t. Their ere- while cultivated fields on the banks of the Wye, and elsewhert! tlirough- out their once Hourishing ilistrict, had been abandoneil, and were fast nilapsing into a state of naturr'. The hand of the r\ithless destroyers had fallen very heavily upon the doomed nation, and the lately populous re- gion lying between Lake Simeoe and the Georgian Hay was once more an uninhabited wilderness. There was therefore nothing to apprehend from tlie Hurons by any one travelling through their ancioni domain. The lepresentatives of the French Fur (Jompanies were not slow to understand this state of things, and to foresee that it would be taken ad- vantage of by the Knglis'i c>)lonists. It was resolved to guard all three of the routes to the west by means of strong forts erected at the entrance to each. Before any active measures could be taken in that direction, however, it became ajiparent that they had to contend against a more formidable foe than a few colonial traders, and that their olwtructive measures mtist lie on a proportionably larger scale. The French, having at an early period allied theoiselves with the Hurons, and having fre- ijuently assisted that people in waging war against the Iroipiois, came in for a ttill share of the latter's rescntn)ent, and the sachems of the terrible Five ^ n to any scheme having for its object the annoyance and discon.liture of their white enemies. Tlie colonists of New York were ahre -d enough to turn this animosity to their own accD.mt. F.-inds of Iv •[< s were despatched to various part« of Oanaiia to tralKc with the n'ltiv. Indians for furs. Thuy generally rotiirned from these expeditiitns with a moderate supply of I'ain and ft very lil)tral supply of scidps. \\ ith the Iroijuois, indeed, legitimato i)pcrations in peltries were altogether a secondiiry consideration as com- pared with their scalping enterprises. In the latter branch of industry they displayed a charming in^partiality, taking contributions from all 128 MEMORIAL VOLVMB. "I nationalitiea, except the British, with equal ardour. To sucii a length were these exccaaes carried, that it becuuie necessary for the French to adopt very vigorous measures for their repression. A royal regiment was sent out from the West Indies, and two forinidn';!e expeditions, coni- mandud by the (Jovcrnor, De Courcelles, in person, penetrated into the Iroquois country, in the Province of New York. The savagrts manned themsi'lves to repel the invader, and fought with their accustomed fero- city and valour, but they were no match for disciplined .soldiers, and were compelled to sue for peace. A peace was concluded accordingly, but the IriHjuois mood was vailable, and there, was no telling how long the compact would be kept. With a view to preventing future incur- sions, several forts were constructed by the French, as had previously been resolved upon. One of " ese was enacted at Cataraqui — subse- r was not in a state cf rejiletion, ami the necessity was not regarded as urgent. The route by the mouth of the Humber had never been used to any formidable extent, and it was even hoped that the necessity for oon- structMig a fortress there might be avoided. This supineness was even- tually taki'U a'lvantage of, and in the course of another (puirter of a century a good many private tiaders found their way to the north-wo.st by the route whii'li had tlms ticen left open. The number of these tradei's eontinueil tt) increase, and the agitation for a protecting fort was retu'wed again and again, From various causes, however, nothing was actually done towards guarding the mouth of the iiuiiiiier until the middle of the I'ighlc'i'ntli century. Ily this time the establishment of a French trading post there had become ahsoluiely essential, in eonsi- (|Uonco of the rising importance of tlio post established by the Knglish at rhou(!guen — now called t)swego, I'lie KngliHh paid liberal prices for t >(!♦- -»IH" TORONTO: PAST AND PRESENT. 129 furs, and the commodities bartered to the Indians in exchange wore of better quality than those supplied at tiie French post*. For these reasons nmny of the Indians of the region now known as the Ontario penii\aula began to ignore Forts Frontenao and Niagara, and to resort to C'iouorigines, and to establish a post at the long-neglected mouth of the Humber. The Indians would then have but a short distance to travel from any part of the peninsula to a French market, and if liberal'v treated they would have no reason for crossing the lake and resorting to Chout^guen. Accordingly, in the year 174!), a trading post, fortified by a stockade, was built on the ca.stern side of the inlet now known as Humber Bay, a .short distance from the river's mouth. Its otlicial designation was Fort Rouilli'-, after a French colonial minister of that name, but this title seems to have b'H'ii employed in otlicial docMiments only. The dispersion of the Huron nation and the devastation of their territory had been complete, but one memento of them had still been preserved — the nauie of their "place of meeting." This was perpetuated in the naiiu* of the route which led to it t'rum the south. The Humber itself, in maps of the period, is set down as "Toronto Uiver." Kven before the erection of the fort in IT+f), the name "Toronto" bad been conferred upon a small Miss- i.ssaga settlement near the mouth of the stream. After the buiMing (if the fort, usage jiroved too much for ottioial parlance, ami the plact? was commonly known and spoken of as Fort Toronto. Of history, previous to the erection of the French fort, tlii> j)!ace can- not lie said to have any beyond what has been outlined in the preceding punigraphs. True, we find in the writings of two or three early travel- len\ through this region accounts of landings effected by them at a spot which was jirobably on or iiv'ar the |)resenl site of Tonuito ; but beyoinl the dry clii'nnicling of the mere eircumstanee of landing, tiiey give us no information whati'ver. Hither, in all probability, came Father Hennepin, journeying in advance of La Salle, more than two hundred yeai-s ago. lie set .siiil From Fort Frontenac in a little ves.sel of ten tons, with a crew of sixteen men, on the IHtli of November, KITH. On the itilh of the month they reached what the Reverend Father calls "the Indian town of Taiaiagon." The lake, lisheil by a fuiious mu'th-easter, was very rough, and the crew ran their little C'lii'i, into the mouth of a river for safetv. It Ml*- 130 MEMORIAL VOLUME. The ice closed in around, and kept thom prisoners until the oth of De- cember, when they cut their way out through the ice with axes, and resumed their journey westward. It seems tolerably certain, from a sketch-map of this journey, that "the Indian town of Taiaiajjou" was the Mississaga village above referreil to, and that the river into which the vessel r.vn for safety was the H umber. Taiaiagon, however, was not, as Hennepin supposed, the name of the village, nor is it a proper name at all. It is a Mohawk word signifying "a landing-place," and the great lakes abounded with Uiiaiagons. Beyond such meagre details a.s these, there is absolutely nothing t) tell about the regit. n at the moiith of the Humber in those early times. Af- ter the erectioii f the fort, the materials for history become somewhat more abunf'.dnt; j to the date of the arrival of Governor Simcoe, everything worth i : at this distance of time may be comprised in few words. Fort Toronto fulfilled, to some degree, the expectations which had leil to it.s construction, and r. good deal of trathc that would otherwise have found its way to English markets was arrested at the mouth of the Huudi'T. The post seems to have been etticiently maintained, as we find the Abbd Pienuet, who visited it within two or three yeais after it had been established, referring to it as furnishing good bread and wine, both of which were scarce commodities at the other j)ost.'4 along the lake. The Abbe, however, expresses an opiniv)n that the main- tenance of storehouses at Toronto is not a thing to be desired, as the traffic at the other French posts on Lake Ontario will thereby be diminished. In the month of August, 17')(), the Knglish fort at C'houdguen was taken and destroyed by the l'"rench under .Montcalm. Its destruction temporarily drove a large trade to Toronto ; but this state of things was not destined to bo permanent. In Sejitendjer, ITr)!!. French dominion in Canada prnctieally came to an end, and almost im- mediately afterwards Fort Toronto ceiused to be maintained as a trading post. It was domolisheil and deserteil by its former occupants, who had no longer any business tlure. It had never been strongly fortified, so that its demolition wa.s probably an eu.sy matter, In I7<>(t, a British force under the command of Majoi' llohert Uogei's proceeded westward to take po.'^.se.ssion of Detioit. They called at the moutli t)f the Humber Oh iie way, arriving thereon the evening of the .'Wth of Septendier, and remaining there iver night. They found the fort, as it hail been left, in ruins. Contiguous to the ruins was a tract of about 300 acres of cleared ground, which, like the fort itself, wa.s de- ! ► ii«- TORONTO: FAST AND PRESENT. 131 sorted. .Some Indians, who had been Ininting in the immediate neigh- boiirl\ood, tied at the apjiroach of Major Rogers and his troops, but leturned on tlio following morning, and expressed their joy at the suc- cess of the British arms at Quebec. The Major, in his published account of this expedition, speaks of Toronto as a most convenient place for a factory, and a-s a point from which it would b" easy to settle the north shore of Lake Erie. Under English rule there would .seem to have been a temporary re- vival of tr.iding ojiorations at Toronto. Sir William Johnson, the friend and patron of Joseph Brant, in a letter written in 17G7 to the Earl of Shelburne, inforur his lordship that persons could be found willing to pay £1,000 a y^-ar for the exclusive privilege of carrjMng on trade there. It 3, the site of the old fort is marked by a group of Indian wigwams inscribed "Toronto, an Indian village now deserted." As most local readers are aware, the harbour of Toronto was in those days complet<'ly land-locked, except on the wo.itern side. The " Island " was then no IsltMid at all, but part of a peninsula. The elKcient protec- tion thereby afforded to vessels entering the basin was one of the circum- stances which subsequently induced (lovernor Simcoe to fix his capitjil here. This , tep on tlie part of the Uoveriior is the next important fact in the history of 'I'oronto. In the year 17!U, Mr. Pitt's Bill for the division of the Province of Quebec into the two Provinces of Upper .vnd Lower Canada was pa-ssod, and Lieutenant-Colonel John (Jraves Simcoe was ajipointed Lientenant- Uovcrnor of the new Province of Upper ('anaila. He crossed the At- lantic, and took up his (piartsi-s at Niagara, then called Newark, where he held his tirst i^vrliainent in Septeml>er, 170'2. Various circumstances con\bined to render him dissatisfied with the position of Newark as the provincial cajiital. Its situation was not cent.-al, and it was within range of the guns of the American fort on the opjiosito bank t)f the river. He travelleil over a great part of the country in search of a point whei'o he could establish himself to his satisfaction. Lord Dorchester, the (Jover- nor-(ienural, was desirous of seeing the capital established at Kingston, hut the notion did not meet 'vith Oovornor Simcoe's appioval. After travelling westward as far ivs Detroit and back, without having come to II, -^M 1»2 MEMORIAL VOLUME. II any fixed conclusion, he resolved to inspect the northorn shore of Lake Ontario, and for that purpose set sail from Newark on Tliui-sday, the 2nd of May, 17i>3. On the morning of Saturday, the •4th, he passed t,he mouth of the Humber, and entered the harbour of Toronto. A short distance from the entrance to t)ie Imrbour were several wigwams, in- habited by Mississaga Indians. This was the "town" of Toronto. Unpre- possessing as the scene may appear in the eye of those accustomed to tliink of it .08 the site of a populous city, it enjoyed advantages which commended it to the judgment of Governor Simcoe, who was not long in making up his mind that here should bo the future capital of Upper Canada. It was easily accessible by water, both from east and west — an important con- sideration, when it is remembered that there was not a single well- constructed I'oad in the Province. The excellence of its harbour, and its comparative remoteness from the United States, were also in its favour. After a stay of several days he returned to Newark, leaving behind him Lieutenant- '_i:'onel Bouchette, whom he instructed to make a thorough survey of the harbour of Toronto — a task which was accomplished in the coui'se of till' s !nmer. Governor Simcoe imid several visits to his new capital during the summer of 17t)3, and ijuartered a mimber of his soldiers there. These sold'ei-s formed part of the " Queen's Rangers," a corps which had been recently raised in Upper Canadsi, They were named by the Governor him f'f', who thus revived the name of an old brigade formerly com- manded by him, and which had been dishanded at the close of the Revolutionary War. The new Rangers were detailed upon the duty of making roads, mider the direction of Mr. Augustus Jones, a deputy Pro- vincial surveyor, subsecjuentiy well known in this part of the country. Early in August the Governor personally took up his abode here, bring- ing with him as a residence his famous canvas house, which has often lieen fully described. JVom this time until his departure for .St. Dom- ingo, in 17!)(), Governor Simcoe continued to reside here, except during tlie short sessions of the Legislature at Newark. The name "Toronto," by which, as previously noted, the place had been known almost from time imnieniniial, wa.s not nnisical in the ears of the Governor. He pronounced the sonorous old Indian word "ontlandi.sh," and would have nothing to say to it. He cinistened his capital by the name which it continued to bear for nearly forty -one years — YoiiK. This name was chosen in honour of t)ie King's son, Frederick, Duke of York. The ceremony of chiistenitig was consmnmated at noon on the 27tii of August, 1793, by the firing of a royal salute from the Governor's troops, S TORONTO: PAST AND PRESENT. 133 stationed on the shore of the bay. The salute was respondeder the direction of Lieutenant-Colonel Bouchette, Mr. Augustus Jones, and Governor Simcoe himself. The Governor's resi- dence for some time after his arrival was the canvas house already re- ferred to, which was moved from place to place, to suit the convenience of its owner. Among the roads surveyed and partly laid out during the year was one which ultimately extended from tlie shore of the har- bour to Luke Simcoe. This, which was destined to become the great northern thoroughfare to and from the capital of Ontario, was laid out uAder the Governor's persoiuvl supervision, and was culled " Yonge Street," after his friend Sir Geoige Yonge, Secretary of War in the Im- perial Cabinet. For some years after this time it did not extend farther .southward than Lot (now called Queen) Street. In the spring of 17!)4 building operations were commenced in good earnest. The rustic cluvteau called Castle Frank, a well-known spot in its day, was built by the Governor for an occasional residence, on tiie steep acclivity overlooking the valley of the Don, ratlier more than a mile from the river's mouth. A more important undertaking was at the same time begun, viz,, the erection of buildings for the aeconnnodution of the Provincial Legislature. The site .selecte.' l)y the Governor was close to the spot now occupied by the Old Gaol, near the corner of Berkeley and Front Streets. Tht-ir erection occupied nearly three years. Tlioy t-^-*- ^m 134 MEMORIAL VOLUME. I|i were plain liut commodious structures, consisting, in the words of a contemporary document, of " two elegant Halls, with convenient offices, for the accommodation of the Legislature and the Courts of Justice." In the immediate neijjhbourhood a few other insij'niHcant buildings gradually arose, and formed the nucleus of the city which now boasts a population of more than 100,000. The progress of the settlement was slow. Notwithstanding the advantages of its excellent harbour anil its position on the lake, it laboured under the drawback of being, at certain seas(jns of the year, little better than a morass. Ague and low fevers were rife, and medical practitioners were few. Despite these disadvantages, however, York attracted a few settlors, and in 17!^-"), when the French Royalist Duke de Liancourt visited the country, the capital contained twelve houses, in addition to the barracks where the regiment was (juartered. Tiic Duke did not pei"sonally visit the capital, but was a guest of Uovornor Simcoe, at Navy Hall, Niagara. Two of his travelling companions crossed the lake to York, and it wa.s upon their report of the place that the Duke's well-known account wa.s founded. Governor Simcoe did not remain in the country long enough to open the fii"st Parliament held at York. The Parliament Buildings were not com- pleted until the spring of 17!>7, and the Governor had left the Province in the preceiling year for St. Domingo. Various reasons have been assigned fi)rhis removal. It has been said that his dislike for republican institutions caused him to carry on his adniinistration in such a manner lus to render him distasteful to the authorities at Washington ; and it has even been .said that his language and conduct had caused an expression of complaint to be made against him from that ([uarter to the Home Government. It is not uiirea-sonable to suppose that, if any such complaint were really made, the Home Ministry may have deemed it politic to place him in a sphere where he would not be brought into conHict with the I'nited States authorities. It is certain, however, that no very friendly feeling subsisted lietween Governor Simcoe and Lord Dorchester, the Governor- General, ai: 1 it is very proV)able that this may have had more to do with the formers removal from Upper Canada than any complaint on the part of the I'nited States authorities. Whatever the reason may have been, be was removed, and during the following three years the government of the Province was carried on by the Honourable Peter Rus.sell, upon whom, as senior niember of the Kxeeutivo (!ouncil, the administration otHoially devolved after Ciovernor Sinicoe's departure. Mr. Russell continued to ilin-ct the administration until the arrival of Lieutenant-General Peter Hunter in 1799. So far as concerns Toronto, the most noteworthy events TORONTO: PAliT AND PRESENT. 135 of the latter's term of office were the establishment of a weekly market ui 1803, and the building of the *irst St. James's church, begun in 1803 ami completed in the following year. Mr. Hunter continued to administer the Government of Upper Canada until 1805, in which year he died at Quebec, while engaged on a tour of military inspection. After an niterregnum of nearly a year, during which the Honourable Alexander Grant officiated as President, the Honourable Francis Gore arrived from England in the capacity of Lieutenant-Governor. There was at this time no regular postal communication betweu York and the rest of the world. All correspondence and newspapers, as a rule, had to be despatched and received by private and irresponsible hands. The first regular mail from the Lower Province for York arrive.I at its destination on the 12th of January, 1808. At the time of Governor Gore's arrival in Upper Canada as Governor Hunter's successor, life in the little capital must have been rather a hum- drum affiiir. The town could not be said tc ..^ .end furtiier west than Church Street, and nearly all the hou.ses were contiguous to the shore of the harbour. Still, the place already showed a lisposition to e.xten.l west- ward and northward, and pioneers who had comj in with Governor Simcoe regarded its progress in population an, the en- tire population of the Home District was only 224. The situation of the town in 180(i may be best conceived by a brief reference to its surroundings at the diHerent points of the compass. To the .south was the harbour, with the long, irregular peninsula in its rear To the east was the River Don, with only two buildings on its eastern Bide, one of which was a blockhouse; and beyond this, all the way to Port Hope-then called Smith's Creek-the settlers' houses might pro- bably have been counted on the tips of the fingers. To the north, It is safe to say that no civilized beings i-esided much more than half a mile from the water's edge. Castle Frank, which had been used as a sunnner house by Governor Simcoe, ha-i been unoccupie.l ,.ver since his time, and had fallen into .lecay. To the west, a.s we have seen, the town did not e.x- tend beyond Church Street. The gairison was a mile away, the inter- vening space being occupied by the primeval forest. Jk'tween the garrison and the head of Burlington Hay -a distance of forty miles- the houses were few, and, with a single exception, of the humblest de- scription. This exception was Hrant House, the residence of the cele- !■ -.^(1- 136 MEMORIAL VOLUME. Hi brated Mohawk Chief, Captain Joseph Brant. The grim old warrioi" was already beginning to feel the approaches of age, and he breathed his hist in November of the following year. His house — a comfortable, roomy man.sion — was situated on the beach, near what was subsequently known 4is Wellington Square, and is now called Burlington. Hamilton itself was the merest fragment of a village, upon which no name had as yet been bestowed. 8uch was the country about York in the year 180G. North and west of the garrison, in the middle of the woods, were three three primitive-looking dwellings, situated far apart, and occupied respec- tively by Colonel Shank, the Honourable yEiicas Shaw, and Colonel Givins. Beyond those suburbs, as they may be called, the adjacent countiy in every direction was still in a state of nature, and was literally a howling wilderness, for wolves and bears abounded throughout the district. Deer sported hither and thither through the msizes of the forest, and the crack of the huntsman's riHe might be heard by the inhabitants of York almost anj- day in the week. At a much later epoch than that of which we are speaking, Cnptjiin Battersb^*, an English officer stationed at York, is reported to have shot a Kno buck on or near the site now occupied by St. Michael's Cathedral. The path leading westward from Church Street led through the thick forest all the way to the garriscm, and in 1807 the wife of one of the Queen's Rangers, walking along this path, was chased by an enormous bear to within a humlred yards of Garrison Creek, wliere the brute was shot by one of the solilicrs. On the east side of Garrison Creek, near its mouth, stood a little block-house, overlooking the harbour, and designed as a guard to the entrance. It was destroyed during the American invasion in 1S13. Hereabout, also, near the water's edge, stood " Landjeth Palace," as it was whimsically called — the fii'st house built at York. It was merely a small log hut, which was constructed for an7 or 1798. It remained standing and in repair down to a very short time ago, but the hand of the spoiler was ruthlessly laid upon the smaller and earlier erection about eight years since, when the tenant in occupation of the adjoining building sacrilegiously tore it down and used it for firewood. It may not be uninteresting to chronicle tlio fact that Miss Sophia Shaw, a daughter of the founder of Oakhill, was the intended briile of Major- General Sir Isaac Brock, and that their mai'riage was only prevented by that officer's glorious but untimely death at Queenston Heights. Miss Sophia wa.s faithful to the General's memory, and remained single for hi.^ .sake until her death, which took place at Toronto within the last few years. Colonel Shank's hou.se, above referred to^ ha.s long ceased to exist. Colonel Givins's lot, purchased by him from Colonel Bouehette, adjoined the Oakhill property to the west. The family abode, whicii was built about the same time as Captain Shaw's, still stands intact, and is de- scribed as " wearing at this day a look of peculiar calm and tranquillity, screened from the outer world by a dark grove of second-growth pine, and overshadowed by a nuniu. ; . i: acacias of unusual height and girth." From an old MS. plan of ''.i.i-', drawn in 1 807, it appears that there was at that period a block-house on the summit of the little acclivity at the intersection of (Jarrison Creek with what is now Queen Street. Its situation was immediately north of the last-named thoroughfare, and on the east side of the stream. It had doubtless been built for the t He*- mm i|! 138 MEMORIAL VOLUME. purpose of guarding the approach to tlie town from the west. At a somewhat later ihite, the valley adjoining the creek was called (Joic Vale, in honour of the Governor. In 1807 an Act was passed to establi.sh public schools in every district of the Province, and this ^-ear witnessed an important event in the his- tory of York — the establishment of the first public school. It called the Home District School, and was opened on the 1st of by Dr. George Gkill Stuart, in his own house, which wa.s situated on the south-east corner of George and King Streets. The school wjis well at- tended, and the good eHect of its establishment .soon began to be appar- ent. The roll of .scholars who received their earliest educatinn at this school includes many names which afterwards became well known in Upper Canada, in the halls of the Legislature and in the variDUS learn- ed profession.^. Dr. Stuart, its founder, was a clergyman of the Church of England, and was sub.sein weiv t'mi>,'raiits IVoiii the Unitoil Stales. Ui'iii'iid Uniek was at York wlu'ii ho I'croivod iiiti'lli^oiico of tho diH'hvratiou of war. Th.e militia of the I'roviiu'i' were at once called out U^ lie despatclied to the frontiers. The summons was promptly responded to. and from one end of the country to the otlu r a sentiment of patriotism was evoked which concl.isively proved that the hulk of the iidialniants were loyal to Miilish coii:iectioi\. Then ensued the eampaij^ns of IM'J.be- ^inninj,' with Hull's westeri: invasion ami repidse at Detroit in the month oftfuly. This was f(. Mowed, '.m the llUh of October, by tlie battle of Quecnston llei>fhtsand the death of (General Brock. Kvery one knows the result of the battle. Upon the v.hole, the Hepublic liad little reason to eon<;ratul:ite itself ujhui the success of its arms duriii;,' the first few months of the war. In these events York was interested only in common with the rest of the Province, but a tiiiU' was not far distant when the little capital itself wivs tobecoujo tho .scene of hostile operations. After the death o\ (General Urock, tin chief eonniiand of tlu' troop.i and th- idmiuistriition of (lub- lic affairs devolved \ipou Major-tieneral iioijjei- H. Sheiitle. This ijentlc- nuvn was an American by birth, but was Mritish ii\ his j.roclivitie:*, and had foi..,-lit on the Mriti.sh side in '.loll.ind and elsewhere in the Old World, as v\"ll as at i^)ueenstoi\ lleiufhts. In aeknowh'di;:nent of his services on the last-nametl tiidd, he was createil a baronet early in IMS. There is i\o jfround for impuirninj; his hnalt)' or courai^i-, but his subsecpient military career in Up|per Canada was not a success. Iln con- tinued to retain the command duriiif^ part of the eampaijj;!! of l.Sl.'t On tiie 2.'>th of February he convened I'arliauient at York, and several important mea.-iM'es were passed durin;.; the session. The Americans, meanwhile, smart ii\i.j fi'om the iijniiminioiis iletcats of the prevu>us yer.r, wee making jjreat prepai'alions for the ensuini; campaign, iind ex(iecti'd thai <'anrtda would fall an easy prey. They amassed lariic armies on the fi'oniier, one of which was to make a le.sceni upon tiie town ol' ^'ork. Their plan of o)ierations \wis maliMiMi by (ienual Ueaiborn and ( 'onnno- dore I 'luvmii'ey. It was seitl(sl ihiilajoint laml and naval expedition shonlil attack and cajilur" Yoik, and then cross the lake and roduce Fort C3oorj;e. All arran^jeiueiit,"' havinjj been made, (leneral l>earborii endiarked about ticveiiteen hundreil troop* on board a ll(>et of fourteen vt.-ssclsat Sackelt's ilaibour. On the "J.Mli of April the expeilition .-.aili'd for York, anil on th" morninj> of the 27th thin tormidable arnutment appea'-.-'! ' >'fore 1 ur capital. \ TuliOSTO: PAST AND PUKSSNT. Ul (u'liornl Poiirhorn liiaiself ln-ii!;,' in intlitliMviit liealtli, hv ri'inaiiicil on Ixmrd the .U(((/(.>i(»)(, till' C'uiniii,>i botwoin cij;ht and nhu' o'clock in tlic niorninii;. Tlic landing wiw crti-ct.d alH)ut two inil'.'s west, of wlieie the town then was, or ahout half a mile lieyoi\d the site of the old French fort. It was intended to land farther east ; hut a strong easteily wiiiil drove the hoats in which the troops were eniharked towanls the mouth of the Mumher. The van of the invading forces was led l>y an American otlicer named Major Forsyth, who landed his men from two Ixittmii.r in spite of the determined resistance of Major Ciivins and a small force made up of aho\;t sixty Cilengarry Fencihies and a few Indians, who had concealed tliemselves in the woods near the shor.'. The invailers were soon reinforced hy the main liody of the An\eiieaii troops under I'ike. Major (.liviiis was at the same time leinforced \>\ two ci«nipanies of the .sth or King's Regiment; also hy a hody of ahoc.t 200 militia, and hy tifty ivgulars of the Newfoundland Regiment, "'lie hitter reinforcement.s, however, only niaile the o|>posing army ahout .■)■")() strong, whereas the Americans had lamled nearly t.vice that nu'nhv'r of ntcn. Our little hand was compelled to I'etreat eastward from out posi- tion to another along the lake shore, the Americans foUoning with their artillery. Commodore Chauneey, meanwhile, had moved his tleet to ir-ar the entrance of the haihour, and kept up a galling tire of gi'ape shot rpon our retreating troops. 'I'he American troops had advanced cii-^'wiird to within a hunclreii yards of the main hatti I'v, when the magazine '-lew up, wherehy two of our men were killed. This ex|)losion was tlu' result of accident, the nuiga/ine, in the Imrry of actioi\, having heen carelessly left open. Major-deneral Sheath' who had heen intrenched here, at once retreated with his men to tlie llalfMomi liatti'ry, a little t'nither to the east. The An fricaiis followeil u|> their ailvantage, and Siientle and Ins troops wei-e ronipelled to retire to th<' garrisoii, whi'uee a hrisk lire was opened upon the advancing .Vmerieaiis. The latter I'cached a point ahout two hunilreil yards to ilie west of the gairisoii, where tlii'V came to a temporary hall. .Fust tlu-n a riimhling if the ground was felt, and in another second theie was a trenu'iidou." explosion. For a moment the town and the wateis of (he lake seemeil to heave to and fro as though impelleii hy a mighty e!irthi|uake. The secret of this coiu- luotion was that Sergeant Marshall, an Knglish non-commissioned otlicer on duty at the niaga/.iiu', had hlowu it up, to prevent the enemy from gaining |h)h' .f the large (juantity of powder no less than .'>i>0 l>(;rrels which was stoied there. The etl'ect of the ignition of such a ►♦•■ mm .1. |i., 142 MEMORIAL VOLUME. quantity of gunpowder must liave been terrible indeed. Tbe air for several hundred yards round i*i every direction, for a single moment, seemed to be ehargod with fnigments of timber and great boulders which had fonnt^d jiiirt of the walls of the magazine. When the black smoke cleared away it disclosed a sickening scene, More than 200 Americans lay strewn upon the plain, many of them mortally Inirt, and fifty of them killed outright. Among those mortally wounded was the young Briga- beat a retreat. He placed himself at the head of as many of the re ','ulars as he could get together, and after destroying the frames of two ships on the stocks and a magazine of stores in the harbour, made the best of his way across the Don, and retreated towards Kingston. When a few miles on the road thither, the retreating forces were v t by the light infantry of the King's Regiment, on th'iir way to Fort George. The latter, upon receiving Sheaffe's communi- cations, wliceled about and retreated with liim to Kingston. York was thus left without any other defiMiee than was afforded by the militia, who .vere brave and loyal to the core, but who were too few in nuudier to make any serious resistance to such a fon^e ixu that of the Ameiican.s. To prol(jiig the siege would have cjuisjd a great and useless ('(fusion of blood. The town was aeeordingly surrendered, the conditions agreed upon ijeing that the iM'isoners taken during the action should be paroled ; that there should be no interference with private property; and tluit all public stores should be surrendered to the Amerieans. The entire lo.ss on our side during the siege was about ■)2 killed and tS7 wounded, 'i'he American loss wa.s considerably greater, owing to the mortality consequent upon the blowing up of t!ie magazin(^. One note- worthy casualty of the siege was the destruction of our little Parliament buildings. The American occupation at this time was imly a matter df a few days. The invaders having achieved their olij('et in capturing the stores, there was no good purpose to lie .served by holding the phu-e any longer. Tbe troops were aeeordingly ro-endiarked m the 1st of Miiy.aTid madi' sail across the lake to Fort (leorge, whither ii. is n(>t necessary that wu Nliould follow them. Their treatment of the iniuibitants of York dur- ► (»♦- ^l .1^ TORONTO.- PAST ANH PKEi^ENT. 143 ing their Idief occupation of tlio place was upon tlic whole not more ro- prehen.sil)lo thiin was to be expected. Commodore Chauncey anil his Heet paid another flying visit to Yoric on the .SIst of July following. Tiie conduct of the invaders on this occasion was not such as to reflect credit upon those in charge of the expedition. They landed several boats full of troops at the site of the garrison, 'vhence they proceeded eastward into tiu> town, of which they took immediate possession. They opened the giiol and liU^-ated the prisoners, .some of whom wereconHned for felony. Tiiey entered private dwellings and mer- cantile establishments, seizing the contents, and in several instances grossly maltreating the owner.^. At midnight they returned aboard their fleet, but landed again ne.\t day and committed similar ilepredatioris. Three arm- ed boats were sent up the Donas far as they could g<;t for the shallowness of the water, in search of further plunder, but none was to be found there. The men then returned once more on boaiil the fleet, set tire to tlie bar- racks, storehouse, and wood-yard on Gibraltar Point, and at daylight ne.\t morning once more set sail foi' Niagara. Such i.s a brief epitome of the history of the two descents which have been made by a foreign invader upon the capital of Upper Canada. Towards the close; of the year Lieutenant-General Sir Gordon J)rum- mond arrived at York and assumed the military connnand, as well 08 the civil control, Governor Gore being still absent ifi England. (Jenenil DrnmniDnd convened Parliament in the following February. The Par- liament Buildings having been rlestroyed, the session was heM in the ballrioni of Jordan's York Hotel, on King Street East — a well-known house of entertainment in its day, but which has long since disappeared. During this session several beneficial measures were passed, induiling one which authorized the appropriation of !?0,()()0 sterling for roads and bridge.s. On the 2kh of December following, the Treaty of Ghent put an end to hoHtilities between Groat Britain and the United States, and the inhabit uits of York were not subjected to any further depredations on the part of reitublican invaders. Governor Gore returneil from England in the suuuuer of 1815, and ar- rived at York on the 2>th of September, after an absence from the Prov- ince of about four years. He had been fortunate ennugli t<> be out of the country during a very critical period in its history a i>eriod 'iMiiiig which itN Hiiil had been trodilen by the foot of an invader, and the Halls of its Legislature had been burned to the ground. There wiw certainly no reason why the people of the Province should experience any great amount of exhilaration at seeing him once more ut the head of allairs. He had \'- Ml*. LJ ^Il'* .u 144 MEMORIAL VOLUME. ,||,: heen "ever strong upon the stronger side," and had steadily set Inniseif in opposition to the popular will. Between tlu- riding oligarchy and the Governor there seeineil to he a distinct (if taeit) understamiing that all plat'es worth having were by the law of nature the inalienable birthright of the furnier. As matter of fact the Governor cared little for either the oligarchy i>r the common ])e(ipl{', and was somewhat of a self seeker. Two days after rc-a.ssuming the reins of Government he was presented with an adulatory address in which his return wa.; alluded to as a " happy event," and in wliich it was predicted that York, under his auspicious administration, would forget her past disasters, and ri.se to a condition of great prosperity. During the following .session of the Legislature the time-.serving politicians of the dt'y passed an Act ai)propriating the largo sum of X3,00() sterling to enable the Governor to purcha.sc a service of plate to be kept by him in perpetual remembrance of the people's grati- tude. It is worthy of note that while .tli.OOO wa.s appropriated for this purpose — an amount which, when we consider the comparative jrovt^rty of the country at that date, nuiy truly be pronounced enormous — the .sum of XHOO was considered sutKcient for the purcluise of a Parliamentary Libiary, and was voted accordingly during the .same session. The Governor, upon his return to York in 181.'), took up his quarters in the new Government House, on King street West. This building had formerly been the residence of Chief- Justice Elmsley, from whom it had been purchaseil by the Province for the abode of its future Governors. The purcha.se was made shortly after the close of the war with the United States, and was rendered necessary by the circumstance that the building previously used for that purpose luul been destroyed by the explosion of the miiga/.ine. A few alterations sutticed to render the place tit for a gov- ernmental al)ode, anil it continued to be used for that purpose luitil the ottice of Lieutenant-Governor of Up[)er Canada ctjased to exist. It was destroyed by Hre about twenty-two years ago. The present rosidem^e of the Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario stands in the same grounds, and covers part of the .same site. The year I.Siti is memorable as b'iing the date of the first steam navi- gation on Lake Ontario, and although the enterprise diti not originate at York, it wa.s an event in the liistory of the little capital, inasmuch as it was the means of rendering the place more readily accessible by water, 'i'he lirst steam ves.sel that entered York harbour was the Frovtrndc, launched at Knu'slown, en the Hay ./i' t^uint'*, in the autumn of this year. She began her triiis in liie following spring, and ran between Kingston, Yoik and Niagara. She was of 700 tons burthen, and her MAYORS. Jt.ln Powfi. VUiV-fr IhnH^vhi rwf'rr/.QCM'-flH- If !. ToliONTO: PAST AND I'BESKNT. 145 first eoinmamlur was Cuptiiin James McKenzie, a retired navy officer. She continued to run durint; the season of navij^ation for aliuut ten years. Her trips were made with great regularity, and she proved a gi'eat convenience to the travelling public, more especially during the first years of her histoiy, when the towns along the lake were hy no means easily accessible liy land. In 18l(i, although nearly a '[uarter of a century had ela|)sed since the first settlement of York by tiovernor Sim- coc, it still took three or four days to reach Niagara by land from the seat of Government. A contempoiary advertisement of this year an- nounces that on the 20th of September a stage will commence running between York and Niagara. It is further announceil that the stage will leave York every Monday, and arrive at Niagara on the following Thurs- day, starting back on the return trip from Queenston on Friday. The public are notified that all baggage will lie at the owner's risk, and that the fare is to he paid in advance. The bcoking-otfice at York was situ- ated in a coffin-shaped structure at the intcr.section of Front and Market Streets, which situation was then the connnercial centre of the town. Another ve.s.sel connecteil with the early history of the York marine was the fa.st-sailing packet, ihtl.r of R'uhiixiail. The keel of this vessel was laid in the autunni of 181!), on the shore of the bay, at the foot of Princes Street. She was finished and launched early in June, l!S20, and on tlie 2()th of the same month she made her first trip across Lake On- tario to Niagara. She was constructed for the express jiurpose of carry- ing pas.sengers fiom York to Niagara, and was the fii'st vessel Iniiit in this port since the war. She ke|it her route for six years, until the steamboat ('iinniUi was placed on the lake. She was owned and com- manded by Captain Edward Oates, father of the late Mr. R. 11. Oates, a well-known resident of Toronto in his day. The year bSbS is noteworthy in the annals of \'ork as an era of exten- sive building operations. Numerous stores and private residences were erected during tlie year, several of which were of a much mon\ preten- tious style of archite(!ture than those previously existing in the capital. Among tlie private dwellings dating fnun this tiin(> was that of ])r. (afterwards Hishop) Strachan, on the cornei' of I'lont ancl York Streets, being part of th(> same building which now occupies the site. Work was also begun upon the new iionses of I'aiiiament, but was nut completed until 1820. Among the other building operations of this year was the enlargement of St. James's C.liurch. The little structure had become alto- g(^tli(U' insuHli'ient for the aceommodation of its already numei'oiis cm- gregation. Alterations had long been projected, and before the clos" of '♦♦- 14G MEMORIAL VOLUME. T^ .L l>*' the yoar they were ciirried out. Tlie buiUling Wius cxtemled botli on its iKirtliern ami soutliern sides, and it was made to face the south, as at )nv,sent. Tiie ori<,'in.'i.l western door, facing (.'iiiu'eh Street, was still re- tiiined, hut wivs used only as an entrance for the garrison troops, who sat on lienches extending the entire length of the church. The principp.l entr;inee was made to front towards King Street. A small tower was liuilt over this doorway, and a cii'cular hell-tin'ret placed inside. Sur- mounting the tower was a small tin-eovered si)ire. The hell wius too large for the liuiiding, and produeecl an unpleasant jar whenever it was rung. The church, as thus altered and enlarged, stood for twelve years. Ill the summer of the same year (LSIJS), was also erected the first Metho- dist ehiireh at York. It stood a few feet back from what is now the cmner of King ami Jordan Streets, but at the time of its erectiim Jonlan Street liad no existence. This part of King Street was but sparsely set- tled, there being no house on tlie south side between the little chapel and the corner of IJay Street, wliere was the private residence of Mr. Jordan Post, whose Christian name is commemorated in the name of Jordan Street. Mi. Post was a wi'll-known watchmaker of that day, whose sliop was near the south-west corner of King and Yonge Streets. Between this shop and the new Methodist chapel tl'.e only buiUling was She])- herd's blacksmith .shop, which stood ab'(Ut lialf way bt;tween Yonge Street and the presi'iit site of Jordan Street. The chapel stood precisely on the piesciit site of Hay's furniture establishment. Opposite was a .solitaiy two-story hoii>e, where one of the numerous family of Smith carrietl on a bakery and confectionery. The end of this latter hou.se abutted on the street. The chai/el itself was a little commonplace-look- ing frame structure, originally onl}- forty feet square, but almost immedi- ately al'terwards enlarged to sixty feet in length b}- forty feet liroail. On its we>teru side and at its rear was an orchard, extending southward to Wellington Street, beyond which trees ami .shrubs stretclied down to the water's edge across the road leading to the garrison. 'i"he little chapel had a solilai}' double doorway opening towards King Street. I'pon each side of the entrance was a window \\liieh, as compared with the size of tie building itself, was of large dimensions. Three windows of similar iliiiiensions lighted the interior from each side. The interior was fitted lip with a high, s(|uare, box-like pulpit at tlie north end. Kudo wooden benches were ranged along each side, leaving a narrow ])assage down the middle from the door to the jiulpit. The entire cost of the building was about i*"2.")(), and it is saiil that tlio congregation were three vears in raising the amount. This seems almost incredilile to aiiv one ►■o-*- TORONTO: PAST AND PRESENT. 147 contemplating tlio weaitli of the Methoilists of Toronto at the present day. Tlieir magnitieent toinple.s of worsliip, from the Metropolitan Cliurch downwards, furnish the best evidence of the progress made by that body since the early days when they erected their little Betiiel on the corner of King and Jordan Streets. Tlu- latter continued in us(! by its congregation for fifteen years. It was su) -ii'ijuently — mutut'iH luatan- (i(8— converted into a theatre. In the summer of IfSlS Sir Peregrine Maitland arriveil in Upper Canada as successor to (lovernor (lore. A soniewliat romantic halo at- taches to his nam(% owing to the circumstances attending his marriage to his second wife, Lady Sarah Lennox, a daughter of the Duke of Rich- mond. Sir Peregrine's suit to Lady Sarah was distasteful to her father, who refused to sanction it. The lady di(! feet wide, with a flattish lii]>ped roof, a conveniently designed interior, and recessed galleries on the north and .south sides. It stood with its four sides facing precisely the four cardinal points of the compass ; and as the adj.acent streets were not laid out with ecpial regard to true masonic principles, the old building soon came to have the appearance of being com])letely askew. The month of November, 1824, witnes.sed the arrival at York of a re- sident who was destined to |)lay a somewhat i^onspicuons part in the his- tory not only of the little capital but of tlie Province itself. The name of this resident was William Lyon Mackenzie. The particulars of Mi'. Mackenzie's che([Ui'red career are familiar to most reacler.s of these pages. He had kept n drug store at York several years bufme this time, but had rtunoved to Dnndas, whence he again removed to Queenston, where he establisjied a newspaper which siibsequt.'iitly gained notoriety as the ColoiiidI Ailrocii.tc. After issuing this paper at (^iieenston for about six months, he removed his ))lant to \'ork, which removal, as we have seen, took place in November, l.-iiit. 15y his sarcastic exposure — both orally and through the columns of the Ailvticnh' — of many abuses whicli pre- vailed in those days, Mr. Mackenzie had already aroused the animosity '■ o*- TORONTO: PAST AND PRESENT. U9 of the prevailing faction, who lost no opportunity of manifesting tlieir feelings towards him. At the time of tlit^ removal of the Ailrocntc to York the hostility of the faetion was at its height, and this circum- stanee temporarily increased the pajur's circulation. Whrn Parlia- ment met on the 11th of January, l!s:i.'), it was evident that a great change had been wrought in public opinion, and it was pretty gen- erally believed that the philippics of the Advucafe had had something to do with bringijig about the change. The Compact found itself in a minority. Some of the persons comprising it burned with hatred, malice, and all uncharitableness towards the man who had so fiercely a.ssailed them, and who had, as they believed, sounded the death-knclI of their supremacy in the Province. Se%'cntecn months later the animosity of their adherents took a more decided shape than it had ever done before. The incident, which was a not unimportant event in the history of York, is thus related l)y Mr. Mackenzie's biographer :—" One fine summer even- ing, to-wit, the 8th of June, l.S2f>, a genteel mob. composed of persons closely connected with the ruling faction, walked into the office of the Colonial Adcocate, at York, and in accordance with a preconcerted plan, set about the destruction of types and press. Thiee pages of the pa|)er in typo on the imposing stones, with a ' form ' of the journals of the Hou.se, were broken up, and tlie face of the letter battereil. Some of the type was then thrown into the bay, to which the ])rinting ofiice was contij'uous; some of it was scattered on tlie floor (jf the ofHee, moie of it in the yard, and in the adjacent garden of Mr. George Monro. The impos- ing stone was thrown on the floor. A new cast-iron patent lever |)re.ss was broken. . . . This scene took {ilace in liroad daylight, and it was said that one or two magistrates, who could not help witnessing it, never made the least, a' tempt to put a stop to tlie outrage. . . This .scene took place on what is now the corner of rarolineand Palace Streets, the print- ing offices adjoining Mr. Mackenzie's private residence, the house having been for a time the residence, of one of tiie early Governors of the Pro- vince."* Mr. Mackenzie subseipu^ntly brought an aeti(jn for dauuvges against the rioters, and recovered a verdict of X.t>i^). A subscription was set on foot by some of the friends of the defendants, and in this w.ay the greater part of the amount was raised, so that the culprits escaped the just punishment of their misdeeds. The population of York at thi.s time was aViout I.O.jO, and the number of hoiiscs somewhat more than 300, of which only about two percent. •See "The liifi' and 'I'itnes nf WiUiiim l.yiin Maoken/io," liy (!lmrles l,inil«py, vol. i., I>I). 7», 7'X ■^IfHI^ U. \r,o MEMORIAL VOLUME. wero built of ln-ick. An iniproveinent in tiie local architecture dates from this era, a number of comparatively tine buildings having being erected during the next two or three years. Uppijr ( 'anada College was founded in lS;}(), in the York Hotni' District Grammar School, on Adelaide Street. Here it remained for more than a year, when the college building.s were completed, and it was re- moved thither. Its object was to impart a liberal classical and commer- cial education, which object hiis been carried out with marked success. A large proportion of the leading professional and busines.s men of the Do- minion have received their training at this institution, and its pupils have W(Mi distinction in almost every walk of life. Among other improvements dating from this period the College Aveime nuist not be forgotten. It was first laid out in 1829, but not actually begim until the following year. The work was carried on under the auspices of King's College — now the Univei'sity of Toronto — and the avenue was simply intended for a .seques- tered walk from the busy turmoil of the streets to the threshold of the projected scat of learning. In this place it will not be out of place to chronicle the fact that in 18.')!) the Queen Street Avenue (120 feet wide) and Yonge Street Avenue — which is nmch narrower, and which crosses the former at right angles at its northern end — together with fifty acres of the ITniversity Park, were lefised by the University to the Corpora- tion of the City of Toronto for a period of 9[)'J years, for the purpose of a public park, to lie kept in order by the city. During this period a new St. James's Church was erected, on the site of its j)redecessor. The new edifice was of stone, and was a hundred feet long by seventy-live feet broad. It had only a brief existence, and was burned down in 183!). The time was rapidly approaching when the capital of Upper iJanada was to be known as York no longer, but was to become an incorporated citv under its former name of Toronto. The three or four years imme- diately preceding its incorporation were marked by a succession of stni ■ v scenes in the Provincial Legislature. It has been seen tint, Sir ihn Col- borne succeeded Sir Peregrine llaitland as Lieutii , or of the Province. The new Governor convened his first Pan ii the 9th of January, 1829, in the old brick hospital on King Si *\'est, wb le thf Legislature had met evei' .since the destruction by tire of tii> I'arlii-in'ntary buildings in 1821'. The Compact found itself in a decided minorit . , and the 'ii«- -»(H TORONTO: PAST AND PRESENT. 151 \ language of the deliate on the Address .sliowi'd that Reform principles were making rapiil progress in the public mind. It was during this year that Robert Baldwin first entered the piililic arena. In July,] H2i>, the Attorney- Cicncral, Sir John Beverley Robinson, who had theretofore sat in the Assem- bly for York, was elevated to a seat on the iiencli, as Chief Justice of Upper (Canada. A vacancy being thus created in the representation of York, Robert Baldwin, tlien a young man oiilj- twenty-five years of age, came foiward as a candidate, and was elected to fill the vacancy. Being an op- ponent of the faction, and a man of more liberal ideas than were common at ^'ork in tho.se days, his cause was warmly espoused by Mr. Mackenzie in the Colonial Ailrtiade. Mr. Small, tiic opponnit of Mr. Baldwin, was from time to time fiercely assailed in its ctihimns, and these attacks were made the medium of vehement diatribes against the Compact, of which Mr. Small wa.s an adherent. The result was an action for libel on the part of Mr. Small, and ever-intensified Imstility on tlie i)art of the Com- pact generally. Mr. Mackenzie was himself a mend)er of the Legislature, having been tdected for the County of York in 182cS. The death of King George I\'., in 1830, brought about a di.s.solution, and at the ensuing elec- tions the oligarchy contrived to regain the ascendency. They determined that Mr. Mackenzie .should be got rid of, and an obsolete rule which forbade the unauthorized publication of the Parliamentary proceedings was re- vived to meet his case. He hail for .some time been in the habit of pub- lishing a summary of those proceedings as general items of news, and it was claimed that in so doing he had been guilty of a breach of Parliament- ary privilege. The existence of such a rule could not be denied, and he was c.\|ielled the House. The result was an enthusiastic demonstration on tlie part of his adherents. He himself was carried through the street-s amid the applause of the populace, who took this method of testifying their approbatiim of his conduct. The electors of his constituency showed their ojiinion of his expulsion by re-electing him. Another expulsion followed, and another re-clcctioi), and this farce was repeated, in all, na fewer than five times. It was found that no candidate couhl oppose Mr. Mackenzie with any chance of success, and his constituenc}' was pmiished by being left for three j'cars with only one representative. Mr. Mackenzie mean- while crossed over to Great Ihitain, as the bearer of ceitai;i petitions aris- ing out of his freipient expulsions from Pai'iiametit. Thither it is not neces- sary that we should follow him. Shortly after Ins return the town of York ceaseil to exist, and the City of Toriis issued callini,' upon tin f^ix^^^ citi/.i'us to fleet nldeinieii and couni-ilmiMi on tliiit ilay fort- <*',* "'k'i^ — '•<'■ "" ''"' -"'''■ '"''"' cM'itenient conscijuenfc upon Mr. >,:}• Mackenzie's snei'ossive expulsions frosu Pailianient, ami Ids re- peated re-elections, liad liy no means sulisided. rolitieal leelin^' ran very liii,di, and tlie opposini,' parties were airayed a^^ainst each other like lioistile eamjjs. The fact that the adherents of one party espousetl any pai'ticular measure was (|uite sullieient to secure for it the rnneorous op- position of the adherents ol the oilier party. It was always easy for tin; sujiportcrs and the opponents respectividy to find plausi' le pretexts for thiii' line of aetiiiu. The .\el of lueoijioration had heeii opposed hy tho Hefuini party, on the i^'i'ound (hat the e\|ieiise of ii si'pnrate administra- tion for the city and eounty would more than eouutcrhalanee any oenetit which the citi/eiis Wduid ohtain therefrom. The ( 'onsevvatives had snpp(Htei| the nica»4uro on (he Hrouiid that the civic revenue wiadd ho increased hy thiM'xtended area of taxation, and that the work of nnnii- cipal 1,'overnment woidd he more ellieiei'tly carried on The election of aldermen and cipuncilmcii was therefore a fair test of (he strenjjth of tlio nspective parties in the city for the time heine;. A majority of lieform- ers was returned, amonj,' whom was Mr. Macken/ie hiurself, who waa elected for St. l>Hvid'M Waiil. It is perhaps worth while to irive (he en(ii'e composition of thi.s first Coinicil of the ( 'ity of Toronto. It must he prendsed (hat hy (he Act of ^V T MAYORS I, Mt Ihl^'/uixin.iiiBf i ?•?? t y TORONTO: PAST A Sit tllESEyT. \'>'y liicoi"poriitioii the city lind liccii ilivideil into five wnnls — St. Ainlrew's. St. Daviil's, St. (leorge's, St. Lawrence ainl St, ratiick's. Tin- following table exliiliits the result of the several I'lectioiis: — WAIili. St. AximKw's. St. David's ALDERMKN. Dr. Thomas I ). .\iorri John Harper COINiiLMKN. Juhii A ruvl ron;j. /.././( />(W. William Lyon Maeken/ie Friml.lin JiiclreM. James Lesslie ''rummunh)i Cniiif. wai'il Wright r;f ddruflt. St. liAwiiK.NCi; (J M< ir(7/ ("))) .1 rlh '(ION. George l)uggaii, Sr J.-irdnn' lioxtn-irl,-. St. Patuh k's Dr. .Tolm llolph fosh Ti'ilnu. (ieorge T. iJenison, Sr. /.. Trntii Of thi> seore of gentlemen tluis electeil to ci\ i'- honours half a I'enturv ago, two only still survive. .Mr iFanies Lesslie, .Mr. Maeken/ie^ enllcague ill the reju'esentation of Si, havid's Wanl, >till resides in the immediate neighliourhooil of 'J'oronto, and, notwithstandiui,' his great age, his tigiire is still oeeasiiinally s( en on our stre(>ts. Mr. John IL-irper, Dr, Morrison s colleague from St. .Xndrew's Ward, is anotln^r familiar |i"r-onality. Hi' has eontiniiousjy resided here fur the last si\ty-six years —liaving tirst re.ieheil Voik in J.sLS, when he was u l(oy ol twidve — and. if appearanees all'ord any just indication, lie is likidy to remain among u^ foi- a good many years more. Few men of sixty-tive allord siieh specimens of healthy, ''rec^n old aire, as does Mr, Harper in his seventv-ninlh vi nr. Election ''ontests a( \ ork had not inifreipienlly liei-n markiil liy passages of arms ni'ither " gentle nor "joyous, ' 'I'lie niunieipal contest of IH.'U, however, srems to have lieen Conducted witli more tlian "iilinary d«'cornm, 'The Hinniir of March 'Jilth, commenting ni»on i\\<- siihject, re- markeil thai "the eleelions generally. I'oiisiilerini; the vrry unusual e\- eitiiiicnt wliieh previiiiisly pre\ailei| on the •.nliject, pas-^cd ulf compara- tively ipiieilv , their lieing Init few Maik ivi-- aiicl liloodv hom's to Im' counted at the termination of the engagement.' 'i'he expivssion loit few,' Would sei-m (■' indicate that such distigui'iui nt>. though less num- erous than uiiL,dil havi'lieer expected, weic not alt"grthi-r wanting, I'ursuaiii to till' provisions of tlir .\ri nf !neor|Nirntion the aldermen and couneiliueii vvi're to i t foi tin- liisl lime at tioon. on Thursday. the !Jrd of ,\pril, in the '{"own ihill for the purpose of eleetiie..' a mavoi and of taking llie liist hU'^m towards organizing tite fram< woik ol mum |.. Ml*- l.J4 MKMORIA L VI >L UM E. (•i|ml icjovoriiini-iif. AnmiilR'r of tlic Reform inajovitv, |H'iTciviiij^ thiit tlio 1,'iinie was in tlieir >iwn liauds, lii'kl a caiicus on tlie fvi-niiig of Momla}-, tlio 31st of Marcli, for the purpose of settling upon n plan of operations. It was eoniiuonly imderstootl that their eamlidate for the nia3'oralty would lie Dr. llolph one of the aMest men in the Reform party, whose ahiiities and soeiai position made him generally respeeted. The (picstioii was thoroughly canva.sse(l, and in the course of the discussion an opinion was advanced that |)r. Rolph might well all'onl to temporarily waive Irs claims in favour of Mr. Maekeiizie. Mr. Maeken/.ie, it was urged, had lieeii shamefully misused, lie hail lieen depiived of his seal in the Assembly. e.Npelled thence by hodily force, and treateil with a degree of contumely whieh wimld have permanently broken a less clastic spirit. Nay, more, he had been maligned and slamlered at the Home OHice, where his enemies had I'epreseiiteil him as a mere demagogue: as the spokesman of a mere eli(|ue of knavish radicals. lb' had certainly suffer- ed grievous wrong for the cause of Ibd'orm. What a triuni;>h for lb form piinciples, then, to place him in the (Miief Magistrate's chair ! What a com- jtlete refutation of the countless slanders against him wouM be atforded by his election to the highest dignity which his fellow-townsmen, as sucli, had it in their power to confer upon him ! Such were the arguments put fiirwaril on .Mr. .Mackeii/.ii's behalf, and most of the nieiidiers pi-c- sent at the caucus lent to them a ready I'ar. it was tinally arranged that they should be acted upon, and that the Reform vote should lie cast for Mr. Mackeii/ie. l)r. itolph did not sidimit without i murmur. lie, too, had done loyal servici' to his paily, lor which he had rec.ived nt> iicon\- piiise. lb' does not appear lo have hail a vei y elevated opinion of Mac- kenzie at any lime, and did not relish the idea of having his own claims passed oxer in that gentleman's interests. Obviously, however, it did not lie in his mouth to press the ease on his own behalf under such circum- stances, lie liiiwed to the will of the majority, but was far from satislied, and ()n the billowing day he dcterndned to withdraw from the t.'ouneil altogether, lie aceonlingly wrote out a formal letter of resignation, « hich he entrusted to I )r. .Morrison, to be used by that gentleman at his iliseretior\ at the impending nnetiii;; of the ( 'oiineil, •• .Meanwhile the ( 'oiiservative members lield a coid'erenee on (In'ir own account The nuijoiity was against them, so tluit tlwre was no possibilily of theii' electing a mayor from their own raidxs. 'I'hey had lieard l)i. ltol]ih's name mctit iiiMi d a-~ the jiinliable candidHte of the Ib'birmcrs, and Were cjuitc ready to aciplicsce in the seleelion Mr < 'arfrae, one of the aldcrmanie representative.s from St. tieorge's Waid, wrote to Ih. llolph, — i. I 1 •^i* TOliONTO: PAST ANIi PliESKS'T. l.-i.-) ti'iidfriiii; liis Mipjiort. Tlic Doi-tor replicil, tliiuikin^r liis coriL'siiDiiclcnt for till- ort'er, liiit iiiiiKUiiK-itig tliat lie liiid (Icterriiiuccl to resign liis seat in tlie ('oiiiicil. Tliiis iiiiitli'is stiiiitl wlifU tlie < 'ity ('oiiiicil u.sseinliied for tlu' first time, on tlie appointed Jird ot' April. All tlie nu'nilters wei'e present except Dr. Rolpli, whose determination had not yet beeame generally known. By general recpiest Mr. Doel tot)k the chair /i/d. lem.. whereupon Mr. .lackes moved '• that William I-yon Maekeiizie, Ksi|., lie the Mayor of this eity." 'I'lio motion was seeonded hy Mr, Lesslie. Several mendiers hcgan to put forward the claims of Dr. Rolph to the eivie chair, iml iheii' nratory was '■lit short hy Dr. Morrison, who read the Doctor's letter withdrawing him- self from the Corporation, and resigning his sent in the Coiineil,* Mr, Caifrae stated that he hml received from Dr. ilolph a letter of similar ini- 1" It. There was therefore no e.\eiise for eniitiiiiiiiu tl le i|isciis>iiiii, alul the ehairiiiiin siihmitted Mr. Jackes's motion, which was eaniccl hy a ority of two. .Mr. Mackenzie was aeeordinglv declareil duU idected niaj liv the riiMini 'I'lie veas and navs were reeonled a.s follows: ae. Vi'iin. Doel, 'rnrtoii, .lackcs, Diiimmoiid, Lesslie, Itostwick, Harp- Wright, Arthurs and Moirisciii 10. A'k,'/.''. - t'raig, (iuriiett, Trotter, .Mc)nro, l)eiiison, Armstrong, t 'arl'i and iMiggan — .S. Mr. .Maekeii/ie himself alistai. ed from voting Mr, Doel having vacated the chair, it was taken hy the .Mayor-elect, who letiiriied tliMiik^ for the honour that had been conferred upon him. .\ftcr the transactiiiii of some unim|iortant business, the ( 'ouncil adjourned at a >|iiartcrio three o'clock, to re-a.sseiiilile at the cull of the Mayor Siieli wiis the first iiic •! :iig of our Municipal t '■niiicil ; and tliu-- was Mr, Mackell/ic elected ti the' highest place in the gift of f. ow-citl/.el ihcrebv he became net only Ma\ or of Toronto, but the tirst Mayor evei I'lecti in Ipp •r ( 'anadtt. "Thue\ent," sa\s his liiographer, Mr. l-indsey, " was looked upon as |)ossessin;^ some political signiticancf, for 'I'oioiito was the seal of ( Icvernmeiit, iiiid the hcadipiarteis 111' the Family ( 'oiiipaet," l„ite in the afternoon nj' the clay of his cleeticm, Mr. Macken/ie tuok the prescrilied oath before Judge Maeaiilay, and iheni'i't'orward was fully clothed with the dignity and authority of his otiiee. ' l>i'. fiiiljili'i' nillMlrawul riointlir t'liiiiuil ii'IhIikcI iiiiuIIh r i irrtinn iii'i'i'hhiuv. himI |)i. .'"hii I'!. 'I'iiiiM »ii» ntiiiiiril ill lii" sliiiil. 'I'mh iitlu r iliiii.jj"'" in llir iiiiniln'i>lii|i <>t tln' I'.nmiil t'»i'. Ml' lii'"i«i' IliiL-u'iiii •< I'liitMii WUH ii|'"il I'V n imliiiul ■lii'l.»i"ii, iiiul ilnriiiK llii' iiiuiiili <l»t'i' i>f Mi, l.iiriliii'l' t*'>'y 111) means a siiicciiiv on tliciv Iiamls. They liclil fivi[iu'nt iiici'tiii^^'s iluriiitjf tlio si>riiiijf auil sunniicr, and .set on foot tlie wmU of municipal or- {,'ani/ation. ( 'ommittcs were struck to ascertain ami n'|ioit upon various matters vvlioreof it was neeeswary to take immeiliate coj^nizance, ( 'ei'tain cnie •lame >tlicial> ^ Her \I'V were appointed to assist in carrying' out matters of detail. Price, a ij;eiitleinau wlio afteiwards attained some distinc- tion in ( 'anadian politics, was appiiinted ( 'ity * 'lerk. He held tlie posi- tion until caily in the ensuini,' year, wlion lie was .succeeded I)}' Charles I>aly, who thenceforward held the position until his death, in April, lM(i4, ap covering,' an iiileival of twenty-nine years. Matthew Walton was |viinteil ( 'hamlierhdn, liut survi\eil his a]i)iointincnt oidy a few we when lie was succeeded hy tile lati' Andrew T. Mc('ord, who retained the otlice until the month of Dctoher, IXT-I', emhraciui,' a period of more than fortv vears. Tl lere wa> miicli to lie done, and the ('ouneil bent tlieii- ei commeiiiiahle /eal ier;;ies with to the inultifaiioiis dutii's Indore them. They were cominlled to work under serious disadvantages, i'oi numerous puhlic works had to iiu undertaken, and the eity'.s excheipier was practieallv empty. A s\mi of upwards of nine thousand pounds was due to the Itank )f rpper Canada for money loaned yeai- liefore foi' the purpose of erecting,' the market l'uililin;,'s. The fnllowing report, which was present- d to tlie Citv Conn sitlin:; In'ld linancial a>p on the lull o tin I-' f M name iuid Asscssnu'iit ( 'oinmittee, al a\'. shei a toieraliK' clcai li-ht iipiin till rt of I lie eit \ s allllilN ; — Till- t'lilillllittoe nil I'lliaiKu .'lllil .\HBua8IIIOIlt \\Vi tn xilliliiit llic fiill.uviiit; ri|"irl I. 'I'h:il llir K'li.'OH iif till' inurkcl |{roiiiiil allnrd ;i runt aiiiiiiiilly nl e|'_':i |ii o 'I'lii' rii.tN iif till! iiiarkit l)iiil(liiii;» iiirunl . . . |.s7 u o 'I'lu' ri'litH of lliu liiili'liurit' HtalU allmil till tho I'lth duy riilialilu ivvoMir nf tin' eily, hiiiI till iiiiw tlii>y ha\i> litrii iiiialilti tn |iriiciii'i' nucli iliiiiiiiieiits an will kivo llint ciirnii't iiifnniiHtliiii on the niilijui't ilcNirnil, Imt haviiii,; |iriicuroit nil uut'Miiiciit mil nf tliu liitr Inwti nf Vnrk taken thin your, tliey liml thai llm lad'alile prnporty nti tlie Hiuiie anininitH III (.'l'll,.M'.i, iimkiiiK II ta\ at niu' iicnny in llm |iniiiir.sonal |ii()|M'rty within this city ami the lilicitjcs llicrcof, two ]iiii(c in tho ])oiHnl upon the .-issi'SMod value of the siiid pioiierty, as now sciijoij l.y the j,'t'ii('ral a.ssi'Hsiiu'iit law.s ot' tliis I'rcjviiicr. With this iinpropitiou.s stato of tlio linaiiLvs it wa.s lUTi^ssarv that tiic Council shoiiM ileal promptly, for ney was iiri,'ently nceileil. .Anion. ^ the varioii.s pnlilic ini|irovciiicnts that conlil not well he (IoImvoiI was the con.stniction of .sidewalks. There was not a sin;,'lc pl.inU sidewalk in the city. Nothing,' wa.s to he fonnd in the shapi- ol'a proporlv eonstnnted pavement of any kiiul Mere and there alon;,' Kin;,' Street mi;rhi !„• seen u few ll,!i;,'-stones of iiie^fiilar size aiiil form, taken fioin the lake shore, and placed aluii^' thu mde of tliu strt-ot without inothod or unungenu'iit. 15S MEMORIAL VOLUME. The outer i'(lj,'e of the footpath was iletincd ami markcil out liy s(|iian'. roii;,'li-hevyii loj,'s of wooil, wliiuli were a hooii to foot passengers wlieu llie sticet was iiiiidily, as it freijuenti)- wjis. Tliese lo;,'s were at least less iiiiuiily than the heil of the footpath, and were largely used h\ persons peraiiiliu- latiui,' the streets. Wiien two passen;,'ers walking: thereon in ditferi'nt di- rections met, it was neeessaiy that one should yield the way to the other, who was thus coni])elled to take to the nuid. Two or tliree of the leadiuLf merchants went so far ns to j,'ravel the footpath in front of tlit'ir places of liusine^s, for the aeeomniodation of their customers and the pulijie. At ir- i-egular intervals were wooden posts, used i)y the farmers in tying their liorses. This is not an attractive picture of King Street, whii-h wiis then, as now, the piineipal commercial mart of the city ; hut, as will he inferred from till' foregoin;; account, the King Street of liS.'$4' was a very dilferent affair from that of to-ilay. According to Walton's Diieetory for that year, tlie street contained '1^1 luiildiiigs, ptiltlic and i>rivate, hut many of them were old ami dilapidated, antice Seotl, with his residence in the midst ; and ne.irly opposite, on tin- west side, the house antl grounds of Chief .lustice Sir James .Macaulay. lietweeii these dwellings and King Street, on the east siile, there stood tlu^ ►ii-^ TOHoA'TO: PAST AND PRK^SENT. i:.!> siiiitliy (pf Mr. Philip Klinj,'!'!', a (Jcriniin, wlniso iiiiiiic was familiar as a lioiisfliolil wonl ainoiij; the fariiurs aioiinil Toionto. Tliis sinitliy was tlic only attraction ami place of resort on Yonge Stret't, soiitli of K'ng Stroct. On tlie ()pposit(! side 'i.e., of Yongi- Stroi't) wo finil tlie familiar names nf ilinck's, Francis, tlicn dcscriljod as occupant of a wliolcsali; warolionsL" ; Dr. W. Wan-en lialdwin ; Robert BaMwin, attorney, etc. A the corner of New- gate Street, or Adelaide Street, as it is now eallecl, on tlie left side stood the famous tanyard of Mr. .lesse Ketchiim, with higli stacks of hemlock hark pilecl up on the Vonge Street side. On the nortli side ol Newgate Street, and fronting on Yonge Street, stooil his residiMice, a largo white liuilding in the American stylo, witli a sipiare turret, bearing a railing, rising out of tlu' ridge of the roof. I'eforc pavements of any kind wore introihiced, Mr. Ketehum rendered the footpaths hereabout clean and comfortable by a thick coating of tan-bark. Mi-. Kotchimi's prnporty ex- tended to Lot (now (Jueen) Street. Richmond Stre(,'t passed through it, and he himself projected and opened Temperance Street. To the readi- ness with which he supplied liuilding sites for moral and religious use, it is due that, at this day, the ipiadrilateral between (Jueen Sticet and Adelaide Stri-et, Yonge Stn-ct and liny Street, is a sort of minia- tur(^ Mount Athos, a district crowdi'd with places of worship.* He gave in Yoi'kville ;dso site-- lor a schoolhouse and Temperance Hall, and, besicjos, two acres for a childi'en's park. The Rilile and Tract S.iciety. likewise, oblained its house on Yonge Street on la.sy terms from .Mr. Ketehum, on the con rt'st rnlilaiH'* 1<> Ntuiitil Atliii> hits Kuint-wlwit •)iiiiiiii>urti>i-'s a nut wan written. 'I'wn Imililinj,"" wliiili wiri' fmini'ily i linnln'^. witliin llir tif liiti' yi'iirM been tnrnt*i| to trt-nlar nnvt*. > 4 t 4 ||».> 160 MEMORIAL VOLUME. the cast side, almost iliivctly opposite to the Sun Tavern, stoo' I (Inud's fi)Uii(hy, well Iviiown from supplying' the connty for ii niimher of years with ploughs, stoves and other artick's of lieavy liardware. Ailiert Street, now one of the most densely built portions off Yongc Street, wa-s, in 1834, known as Macaula^' Lane, and described by Walton as " fronting tlie fields." From this point a long streteh of fine forest-land extended to Yorkville. The fields whieh Macaulay Lane fronted were the improvements around Dr. ilacaulay's abode. The white entrance gate to his liou.sc^ was near where now a short street leails into Trinity Si|uare. l)r. Macaulay 's clearing on the north side of Maeaula}- Lane was, in relation to the (ii-st town plot of York, long considered u locality particularly remote, a spot to be discovered by strangera not without difficulty. Sueh Iteing the prindtive condition of the two main thoroughfari's of Toronto in 1.S.S+, some idea may be formed of the state of the le.ss impor- tant streets. Many of them had nothing to distinguish them from back- country roads, The}' hatl not even ditches at the side, U) carry away the water-. 'l"he ('ouncil bestirred themselvi's to fin'l : Newgate Street, lli(t; Richmond Street, 2I1-1; Hospital to John Street, 17n ; Murray to Jolin Street, 40O ; Duke Street, ITt ; Oeorge Street, 174 ; New Street, l.")0. This, of course, was not accom|>lished without the e.x- I'enditure of money. It was necessary t(j borrow a thou.sand poumls forthwith, in anticipation of the taxes. Application was made to the Hank of I'pper Caiiiicla to advance that amount, but the Bank, as pre - viou.sly recorded, luid already a claim of mon? than tltOOO against the city, and did not wish to increa.se the liability. An a|pplication to the Farm- ers' liank was more successful. The money was ailvanccMl u|ion tin- personal .security of the Mayor and other members of the Council, and the work of laying down plunk si pbinks were laid longitudinally. The width was two feet, consisting of t«citwelve- in<'h planks. Hefore tlie setting-in of the next autumn there was a very per- ceptible improveirieiit in the aspect of the streets generally. I>ut in ru'der to meet the demands upon the public purse it was deemed neces- sary to lt!vy on the taxpayers a rate of a.sse.ssment of three peni'e in the pound. This was unprecedented and unlooked for. hissntis- •ied nnitterings wei-e heard on every side, and the Mayoi' detei'mined to '♦-^ TORONTO: VAST AND PRESENT. ir,i explain till- state of the city tinance.s at a jniblic meetini,' to 1k> speci- ally cfilicil for tlie purpose. Tlio iiieetinjf wivs calleii acc<)r(lin<;ly, and took place on the evcnini,' of the 29th of July, when Mr. Mackenzie pro- ceeded to i,ave a lucid exjilanatiou of tlie financial situation, lie was interrupted in his remarks l)y Mr. Sheriff" Jarvis, who announce) 1 his in- tention of nioxini; a vote of censure on the May(ir. Mr. Mackenzie re- sponded hy moving a resolution pledging the citizens not to support any candidate at the next Parliamentary election whose position as an ottice- holder made him dependent on the (iovernment. As there were more than 1,000 persons present the meeting became too stormy to be controlled, and Wiv-s adjourned until the (oUowing day. Next morning the opponents (jf the Mayor i.ssued placards calling the adjourned meeting f(jr three o'clock in the afternoon — a most inconvenient liour for business men and mecha- nics. This was regarded by Mi-. Mackenzie as a bi-cach of faitli, and he trt^ated it as such by forbidding the city bellman to announce the meeting. He also di^termined no,, to attend it. As the event turned out, it wouM have been widl if the other citizens of Toronto had formed and acted upon a siuular ih'turmination, for the proceedings terminated in a ealamity which may almost be called a tragedy. It is thus described b\ Mr. .Mac- kenzie's biographer : — " The market, in which the meeting wa-s held, was a parallelogram, and over tlie butchers' stalls was a balcony to accommodate spectators. While the Shi-ritf was aildressing the meeting, he said ; ' 1 care nlnionition was to draw oti'one of hei' muddy shoes and to fling it with violence at the oc- cupant of the judgment seat. I'lir this otl'euce Mr. Mackenzie deemed a con- finement in the stocks the most api'-.>priate punishment, and directed the unhaiipy woman to be so pla -ed. >She was an abandoned creature, but the .sentence did not meet with popular approval. The stocks were never Used afterwards, and within a shoit time were tinally removed. While they renuiined in use they seem to have been a niigratorv institu- tion, .sometimes being set up on the Market Sc|uari', and sometimes »)n the H()uare in front of the Conrt House, on King Street. They were not of the conventional, old-fashioned kiml formerly u.-iccl in Knyl.'iud, iiut were so constructed a.s to confine the feet, head and arms of the ofl'endi'r Many persons still living in Toronto I'an remember the old stocks, and tell (|ueer stories of the diH'erent persons whom they remember to have seen confined in theni. ►o*- TORONTO: l' AST AND PREHENT. The first assessment of the city property was marie in June, ISIU, when the following returns were received : St. (Jeorge's Ward £ i.-j ] |<) St. Patrick's Ward 9.-, OOH St. Lawrence Ward 40!»2O St. Andrew's Ward ,^.'i()7.) St. David's Ward (i.S,.">()() '''otal £186,88:2 This would yield a revenue, at ad iu the pound, of VIMM, O.s. (Id. From the time of the collection of the first city taxes, the (.'ouncil were never at a seiious loss for ways and inean.s. The mere fact of the incor- porati(m of the city, and the e.xtensicu of its limits, tjave a certain stimu- lus to the local industries. Thenceforwanl its course was rapidly pro- gressive. Between IK.SO and ls:}(i the population increased from 2,8(J0 to over lO.OOO. The place had by this time emerged from the eon.lition of a mere settlement on the frontier, and was, in appearance as well as in reality, the cai)ital city of a growing Province. At the muniei|)al el.'ctions held early in IMS') the Reform majority was reversed, and the succ.-eding Mayor-elect was Roliert Baldwin Sullivan. Mr. Sullivan was a lirilliant 'J'oronto lawyer, of Irish descent, ami -i first cousin of Rohert Baldwin. He was one of the most vcduhle. and at the same time one of the most rffeotive puhlie speakers in the Province. He had profes.sed Liberal principles, and had been a political coadjutor of his kinsman, Mr. Baldwin, but .social and other influences hail begun to weigh witli him in favour of more Conservative views, ami it liad become evident that his ailiami^ with the Conservative party was only a matter of time. He was no friend to Mackenzie, wiiom he re- garrle.l as too miisy anl iniii'h liistorirul iiii|)'tiiii<'(' iliiiiii;^ the yciir iSS.'i. 'I'lic I'it)' continutMl to incr('a.st' in |Hip>ilati(iii aiilii- tlcntsof our liistory, till' iniini^Tation to tlic I'ruvince IVII ofl \t'iy yii'atly "liirinj,' tlic year. Tlif lurid tlanu's of tlie reliellion liad not yot l(ui,'un to cast their sliadows licf'orc, thou^di events were steadily siuiiiin;^ theniselst s in tluit direction. Karly in tlie Parlianu'iitary session uf (hat ycir .Mr. Macind Head, lie remained at the head i if the ( io\ I'innienI uniil i on the 1 "ith nf .lanuarv. iiid\' a few tl (• .set' "I n of IMIti, anil it days liciorc his departure from Toronto, that he was induced liy his Kxecutive (Council to endow the forly-four rectories fioiu the Clerj^y Hi - serve lands of the I'rovince. I'arliculars of this transaction may h" I'liumI in the various hi>(oiies of ("anad-!. It lirou'dil do tl i.f lar;,'i' proportion of the people upon lie Ul iw II tile liuili'ilii'l lulls II the head uf ilir leliriiiL' ( lii\ ei ten and dill not a little to incieuse the popular diseontent which, at no distmil day, was to tind expression in open revolt aijainst his authority. The niunicipiil election 4 held in ■laiiuary. 1'S:ii!, resulted in the elexiitioii of l>r. Tliiiiiias l>. Morrison to (he chief ma^istrae\. llanlK had he t.lkeli llpiill himsrif the duties of his iillicc t'l'e Sji I'Vllllcls Hond lirad. the new (iovernor, reached Toronto. .Sir KiHiicis's characteristics are well known III the reading puhlic of < 'anadii lie was a ch'Vcr hut superficial man. without any trainiii;; in statesnuinship, and utterly uiisuitcd to the place which it devolved Upon him to till. His Voyage from Kn^dand to ( 'anada had 1 n made l)\ way of New Nmk.and he had lied li elf while crossing'' the Atlatniciii studyin;^; the Miie hook cont^iinin^' th eport of the Coniniittce on (irievaiices He arrived al Tormito on t)i I.'hd of .laiiu..ry, His " .Narrative," jiul>li.slnd ihrci' \ ilhcienlh dislinet idea i.f his slllll inplicity if eats later, atlonl' a mind, ill-iiatui'cill\ c.iljed s heavy l)ook of lamenta- tions in my porlmantea" ' he wiiles, ' and with my remedial iiistrui tions in m\ wrilin^-iusc, 1 eonsidcii'd myself as h political pli\ siilmi. whu i''noian<'e, al this tiuii With Ml Mti-kcn/ic TithOXTi): PAiiT AM> I'ltKSKXT. lti.1 wlu'.^tT rc;rulRilv i'c|ncnt«Ml ui nut, wiis alH)iil to cfri-ct a ^iiiiiri |irisirij; i-nn*; I't, Us I in; I if j;rii'vaiici->, m il()iiiit)-il for a iiiiiiiuMit ritlicr tlic cxislcin ,i'iU> :!:t lliat I wonlil iiii'icilrssly (lostiuy tlitMii rmit uii>l lii-aiicli. I ft'lt |K,'rfi.'Ctly ct)iifil }i-nl, riill-nl. ami vifi-nl til As. liowi'Vcr, I was 111) limn' coll - ii'cti'il with liiiiiian |Miliiii>s than the liorsc.-, that were diawiiii,' im- a-. I ha.l iii'Vri- )oiiicil any ]i ijitical iiiv, llr\cr 1 "lisciiKHioii. ail'! hail ncvci <.'Vfii xmU'iI at an itti'lhli'd lak I' ■iitii-al I'tion. or laki'ii any piirt ii> oiii' — It wits .iit',1 no liltit' siiri that, as I lirovi' into Toronto, I ol» ■rvfil the whIU |tlncKrilfi>]>t> in roiiiiiM-iitin;; upon tiii-. „'i''ivi' rrisis i II his lifi', whirh was hki'Wise a ;,'ravf cri-is in thi' i.isfoiy of a colony, shows how iinlittcil he wa-> l-v tht tcxturo of his iiiin*! to deal with serious and comiilicatcd jiul.liciin-^tion- Kor R H)iort tiiiii' iiiiitlcrs wi>iit sntoothl il'di with the II \m lcnaiit-(iovcriior. Mc wa> ;• :."-iitli'nian of iili'aNinjf iiiaiiii>'i'< :iiid ad-ln-^- iiiid produced a corrc>poiidiii;^ iiiipres.Nion upon most of tie •llicial- and cili/eh , with wliolii he was liroU;jlil into clo-e coiilaci, I'lill 111- \va-< li"( ion^ in iliHeoVfi'in;; that iidiuiiiistcrin^ the atl'airs of an iui|Mir(uiit i-olonx .WIS a verv ditt'ei',-ii( tiLsk (Von I a II V witii which he liad iHfll ciilrusled 'I'iiere were varioii- liscal aiiil iniiiiicipal aliiise-, which i'laiiioiirer th llr le alilises tlieniselvi"- •l\ III soon made up his nun d tiiat th ( iricvance Report which he had stu oed did not emhody a full explana- tion ol the m;inil'i| I -.iiurces III' di»<«i(.i<^'a('tioii aiuonu' llic people Mii position Was one which woiildh.' < ' intell man, and he i- »iof to Im' sweep; , i lu . >iinei| for not i'MHu'c of a miii'h « is«T •;rl stclll!' Ills \»ft\ •lear In foil liiiii It wits iiHtitiat -wrtijfli, miller the ciiTiiiiisiances that he should turn fill ad\iee III the JMiidin-' meiiiln if his I'Acciiiive ( '.iiin th Wi I lil, and to other |Mrs4i'ls of hi;^h ollieial rank Those ;(elitleliien ciii'iotliinciit lit o|ij.f»shJiined roryisiM. hut liny Were j^renirally adiiuticd to Im> |)i>rH.ins if aliility and iipriudii piivate eliarai'tiir. Tli)\\ le^arded .Mnckcn/ic nixl li.s |«<n? a\ci'sc to iimkint; any coneessions licni. Tl ie\ appear i > lia\i llU'l III ('oiice| ,ii>n of ihe real state of piihlic opinion and w iiild admit no mIikiIow l«iiiiii|{ if doillit Iks to th to til indi •f tl II- rarryiii^ on of i.lie admiiiisiraiion if th li i« II \ iews on matli'i s |M r 1" The i-trect of th-ir counsels wassn-in nppnreiii ill the demeanour of Sir Kraiuis who iM-i^an lu i- ICG MEM<>HIAL Vi>LUME. ■ilcntify liiiiis<'lf with tlir ilisastiors pulicy wliidi liail |>n)vril so fatal in tlir iiiteicsts i\\' tlic c'dliiiiy. In tlir laiiijuay^c of a < 'aiiii.liaii liistoi iaii. lu' jiassi'il ' from pfcsiiinuii Wliij^'Ljisin into old-fasliioiuMl roryisin, " tlioiii,'li lie " sliiMiik from the iiitli'ciiiify of at oiici' rimiiiii!^ counter to every prin- eijilc of liis a)t|>ointment, anil allyii'i; liimself with tlie remnant of the I'MUiily ( 'ouipaet. ' Foralnief >ea-ition t.i y;ive elfeet to the popiilai will Hy way of coneiliatiii;,' the lleform party in tlie House of Assmilily, he ntlireij three vaeanl seals in llie Kxeeiitivo ('utincil to three prominent iteformers. namely, Uolierl Mahlwi:.!. .loi:n llolph, and •lolin Henry Hinui 'I'hese three L,'i'ntlemrn, alter mature ediisiiiiralion, ainl aftei an understanilne,' with the (!o\ernoi as to thr nadiri' of the it Tiiade to tleiii, and Were iworn into olhee. ?ti<,>y soon found lliat they had lioeii liej^uih'd liy e. romiterfi it, and tluit tliey were not to he allowed to have any real wei}.;ht in tilt! (iovi'iiiment 'I'liev aeeiirdini;ly resi;,'ned their places, after havin;.' held oliii't' aliont lline weeks. The eon-.titnl ional stand taki'ii hy them at this junetnri' «as such that their Tury eo!leat;nes fidl hound to ^u|>port them in it, and to prove tiieiracipiiescence hy tiMiih'rin;,' their resi^;- natiuusat the same time Sir Francis was from lieneefortli eiiliri'ly in the hairU of his un-W'ii i' Milvisrrs, under whose ijuelaiiee he w i nt mi, --tep hy step, to his luin. .More plialile instruments were ajipointed in the stead of tile es-t 'ouncillors, and the \ ictoiy apparently rested on the sliielil 111' the l,ieiitenant-( ioM'inor, iliit his \ ietoiy was more apparent than real The Ki fnrii I'leiiihers of the .\ssemlilv, wlio oiiee mole const it iitei I a majo- rity of the House, lieLtim to mat d'est all omillolls spirit of li'slslance to the (lovernor's Mihitrary eMiiduct. I'.veii the ( '•iiservalive memheis hcLjaii to exhiliil symptoms of inilependen! pidi,'mc III. mimI Io distrust the tactics of thin' tried ilefoniier. ' A resolution was adopted hy the Hiiii.sc in which his Kxi'cllcney's treatment- of his t '(■uncillois was ccnsin'eil in almost umpiali lied term 11. IS ri'feired to as lia\in;f 1,'iveii hi s eon lidi'i ti /rel ami iiiisXMiin a>l\isi uiiiler whose inlliii'iici lie was sael to Im act iier. lie .\ssemhlv cleclai'MJ its "entire want ot' eoiiiiileiii III the recellllv- iip|Miiiitcd Kxeciitive Couiuillors who had aceepled ollice at Sir Francis's lecpiest, in (dace of tliose wlio had resi^'iied This de(daration was omiiodi ed in an .Nddli ,>.s to his Kxcelleiiey. ill w Inch re^'iel was evpressed at Ins Conduct in cansint; the late ( ouncillors to resiirii ollice. A icipiest was also pi'id'eired in the Adiliess ihiil the new < 'oiincillois mi^lil he removed This Hot only einhodied tlic s«>iitimeiils d' a lai>;e majorily of lint niein- 1pI\,IiuI alsoid'a larye nuiiiher of persons, ( 'oiiservatives hlld pniiied illlo .f ll le Assem lell as nefoiliiels, llilnuyholll tie .•olinllN I'etiti T ToltOMTd: l-AST AND lUKSHNT. i<;7 tlif As^.iiilily iVniii \aiiiiiis jmrts of llu' I'loviiicr. prayiii;; lliiit simIi an Aililivss iiiitjlit t(c ]iiisN('il aii Sir Fiaiifii lia.l full (.'iii^'iii/.aiK'i vi't III' coiilil iii>t <>!' would not iin t! Ili'i't tliat In- was imt -it all iisci| to listen to aiicaiH to ihi' loyalty of iiis su|)|>iprti-rs. Hr I" il Ihr kiiai'k of f ai'ili' w riliu''. ami hi* "Vi-rcisfil it to his heart's ronlenl ihiiiii;; the |ii'iiin|of his rCHJilence in ('anaila. Some of his lettf to the ( 'olonial .Ministei' ut thi.s time aie anion-.' the -I extiaoiilinarv ilocunients eMr |ireservi'i| in the arehives of Stiiti- Tiny uie for (lit niimt part snioolh anil reailahle eno U Ktse alio sensational newspaper corresp tuu'h, hut inoie like the efforts 1.1' a \er- iinleiil liian of ii hi''h (iiAiiti inelll iiiial, to whose (■•■lie ha.l •n I'lltnisteil the ilestinies of a iolii.'- sllirelill;; ai\i| lony niisijoveineil people. It is unnecessary in a work ot this kiiiil to minutely tnu-e the steps wheri'liy Sii- {'"ranci • Ijeail ;,,'oai|i'il a niimiier ..f ini|H-tuoii.s hut originally loyal siiKjirts into .ijieii leliejlion. t Mie epi-,iiih'. however, whii'h o<-('iirrei| in the inoiilh of Maii'li. IMhi may he j.'iven as i".pei'iall\ eonneete<| with our eit\ s histoiy The l,ii iili nant-Uovernor, in replying to an Athlrcss i.f riMiion.strance preseiiieil in him at (invii'iinieiit ltiiiiM> from eertain I'iti/eiis of Toronto, ileelaieil that he woiihl reply In it with a.s iiiueh at- tention as if it hail ellinnaleil floia eillnrof the hrallihes iif the l.e^isla tiiie. hut he aihleil that In \\oiii>| reply in plainer an These uiiwisr ainl uinliploniatie \\'>ii|s wi re accoinpunieil l>_\ a patroni/.iii;;. ami even a eonlenipliioiis manner, which aroiiseil tin- anL,'i-i of the ill put at |i>l I. A lejniiiiier tow hat tlle\ consiijeleil »s otiii ial insiilelU'e was pi. paieil ii\ It M'lois |;.i|pli ami oiiraily. Thu followinu summary of it is ;,'iM'n liy Ml. I.imlsi \ , in his Lite aiiil Times of W I, Maeken/ie ■ We thank your Kvcelleiey for leplyin^ to nur Aihircss ' piincip.ilix li'om the imlustiioiiH classes of the city.' with as much attention as if it linisialure anil we are i|iil\' selisihle, in leci'ix in^' \ iiiir i'lvcellency s reply iif yuiil ifnat I'onilescensiiili. in I mleavouiin^ to e.spicss yoinselt In plain anil more homely lan(;u.i^e pri'Munu'il hy your Kxcellcncy to li© lliurthy hmii^ht l ic, iiroken ilowii in spirits, narowly escaped liciiij,' another victim. The learned Mr. t'liicf •I iistice Willis striiL'L'Icd ill vain to vindicate himself and the wounded justice ot tile country ; and the as I tir shes of Kraiicis ( ' and Holieil \{ il 1 ie elilomiied ill a eoiintlV in whose service the\' sutl'ered heart-rcllilillj' perseciilioii and aci'elerated death. And even yi'<"' Kxcelleiicy lias dis- (•Iksci! a secret dispatch to the Minister in I >owiiin;,r stici't itlie very al- le;jcil triliiinal of justice , eontainiiiL; most liliellous matters a),'ainst Wil- liam l.yoli .Maekell/ie. l'iM|, M I'. 1' a j^elitlemail klloWII ellictly fill' his uiitiriii;; services for his adopted and ^'lateflll e hiiiIin We will llol wail for the immolation of any olher of our puMie ineii, sacrili I lo a nom- inal responsiliility, which we lilush we have so loiij^r t>nilured to the ruin ot' SI) many of His .Majesty's dutiful ami lo\al snhjecti'. * * If sour l'i\eillenc\ will not j,'o\ern lls upon these principles, you will excii'ise arliiliary sway, ymi will \ iolale oiii' charter, virtually ahro^raie our law, and Justly forfeit our Niilimission to your authority," In this linal sen lei was emiiodied v\liai .Ml Miekiiiizic charactci'iy.ed, correctly enough, as ' the tiisi low muiiuur of insurrection." 'I'he ilociiiiicnl was sn^'ned hy .lesse Kelchlim, tlailHV^ llelVey I'ril'e, .lames Lesslie. .Xndl'eW Mrtilasluill, .lames shannon. Uohert .\lcK;iy, M. Mciiellan, 'I'imoljiy Parsons, William licsslie .John Mill>. Iv T. Ileiidersoii. ,loliii hoel. .John !'', Tims, William -f MAYORS. fitXiue: tiuitfMm Mh /u.WI iV „. t • ...n ■> ^ TOliiiNTi); PAST A\U /'/a.-SAAY'. iti!) .1. ()'(iracly. Dr. R(jl|ih, witli iliaractoriMtip caution, alistaiiKid fiMiii si;;ii- in;r, tli()iij,'li tlii'ii! is tlic cli'ari'st eviili'iici' nf his liaviii;; tiikfii jiait in ilriiwiii;,' ii]i tile iijdiiiilt'i-. " Till' rcjciiiiilor ln'iiii,' ii"iily ,' cDiiiitnK's Mr. I.iiiilscy, ■' till' rii'Xt c|iic'stii)ii was liow it was In !"• iK'livcii'il. Sik'Ii ■,\ ilxcii- iiiriit was (|Miti' irii';^'iilar ill ndlcial (•Drn'spipiiili'iii'c. aiiil a violation of olliciai I'tiiiui'ttc. It was anaiiiii-il iliat Mi .lann's Li'sslie luiil .Mr. Kctcliiiin slioiiM ilrivi' in a cariiii;;:!' iliawn l>y a iioMi- Araliian liorsc to (lovi'inmc'iil House, cldivi'i' tlic ilocuincnl. ainl retin' lictoic tlii'ir wa'^ tiiiw for any cjucstions to li" askcil 'I'lny iliil sd, siiii|ily sayiii;,' tliry cani"' froiii tlitMlcputation of citi/i'iis. Sir Francis llcail 'li'l not even know who were the hearers of the iinwelconu' missile. He sent it. in a |iMssioii, to Mr. (leori^'e Kiilonl, on the s|ieellliilioii that lie had lieeii eoiieeriU'il ill the ileli\i'iy. .Mr. Kiilont sent it liaek. It was in type hi't'ore lieiiii; dis- patcheil, aiiil scarcely had it reached the ( ioveriior when a printed copy id it was in (he hands of e\fry nieniher of the l|oii-,e. The Liiiiienant- (loveriior \va.s pu/./.led, iialf-stiipetieil. ami wtdl-ni^di distracted.' So far as can lie jiidi^ed, at this distance of time, hy a dispassionate ohscrver, the deputation were more sensitive than the oi'casion deiii:indid. Sir Knvnoi.s's laii^iiaj,'e was possiMv nay pioiiaMy, taken lor more than he intended. In any case, the di^^nilicii coui'si.' would have hecn to avoid lietlllalice. and to let the lejoiudcr severely alone. Itllt the episode ischar- acto'isiic of the time and the nien. .\ wiser intellect than that of the Lieuteliant-( iiiviinor would have caii fully Wii;,died the IIHIince colllailird in the tinal sentence, and would have hesitated lirfnir nnneeessarily pro- vokiii;; I'uiiher hostilities from such ipiarlers. • hi the 'JMIhof .May his K\ce||eney dissolved the I'roviiicial I'arlianiinl, Mild iminediatcly afterwards writs were issued I'oi a new riectioii Sir I'Vancis did not scruple to employ the most inipioper nican-of inllueiiciiiL; the elcctois t lir(Hij,dioiit the contest, and the whole power of the Ivnccii- livewaspul forward to exilndc lleforiiiers from the .Xsseiulily. These tUcticH Were I'oi the time successfiij. Neaily all the prominent Ifeforin ciindidalrs were lieateii. Mr. Mackenzie shared in the L;eneial disaster to his parlv having Keen di tea ted for tin' .Second llidiii;,^ of \ oik liy ;i com- paratively nnkiiow II mini, of dnuliiful politics, and, as has heen said hy one writer, "without decided opinions of any kind.'' That the uiiHuccessful candidate vs'as unfairly hcatcn there is little doiiht, and the proeeedin;;s of some of the ( lovelliment emissaries at the I 1 lis were shanielessly unjust and corrupt Kiom this time forward Macken/.ie seems to have despaired of achii'vin;r any useful reforms hy constitutional means. On the itil of .Inly he l« i,'an the plllilication of a neWspapel ealled Tin' »«4 t 4 1.1 ^ 17(» MKMOHIAL VOLUME. Coustitutlu}!. Tliis wuHii le^'itiiimte successor of t lie Ail rixiili, and .stroii cilitur 'I'lif contiiitx'il iii- justiuf he liuil sniri'ivd liail intcnsiHud liis liittiTiK's.s, ami Ik m)Iii(; cxtfiit siHiretl his tt'inpor ami supped Iiis loyalty, Imt asyt-t tlifrc iloos not seciii to have been any fixed resoliiticm to reliel. 7V/»' ('onntitiilii>u contiiiiied to lie ptiMished for nearly seventeen niontlis. u]» to the very I've of the outliieak Tie- new I'aiiiaineni met in Ndvcmliei-, and at onee pi-oeceded to pass a Sii]iply Hill Another iniporUmt nn-asiiie adopt«ucen.ston, tnwanls the end of IMUi. ib'r husband, wlio was then Attorney-( iciieral, iiad Iweii a resident for si-vcral years ; Imt she arrived unexpectedly, and lie was not at tlie wharf to meet her. When slie stepped fiom the boat her foot sank aiiklc'deep in the mud, Mini tliere bein;; no conveyance at hand, she was css, viil^'ar style ima^nnable; three feet of ^iiow all around: and tlie ^rcy, sullen, wintry lake, ami the dark ^dooin of the pine fori^st bouildill(4 the prospect ; such secnis Toronto to me TORONTO. PAUT AND PliESENT. 171 now.' Ats a set «itr t(. tliis clispiritin;; iicroiint slie aiimits tlmt sdiiic nf tlic simp fronts on Kinj,' Stroet niv ratlier inii)(>sin<(, an|)camncf. Tiir cliuivli rcfcmMl t( apothefaiy shop is ill tlif foriM'oinir extract was St. .laincH'; rliicii a.s sill'. says, was without tower or Nteeph", hut wliic'li cfi-tainly was not ' very u'-l lioiisc, as as usinj^ the word church aiiii's's was liv no St. .1 cans the only i)lace ofwoi-ship in the town, 'i'he i'reshyterian hndy had as on the site at present occupied l,y Kuo.x 'on^jrej^a- two churches, one of which <'hiMvh. The liaptists hail one on March Street, and the ( lionalisis a sniti one on Ueori'e St feet. The I'riiiiilive Methodist.- Kille clilircli had a small hrick church on i Jay Street. The llonutu Call on Power Street was also in cvi^tence. Th,. ( 'atholic Apostolic hody, too, had a chapel a little west ..f Way Sire.t, presided over by the Reverend (leor;,'e Ryersoii. More important than any of these, architecturally speaking,', wa.s the Adelaide Street Methodist Church. The lirst Metho- dist Church in York, referred to mi a t'l oiiiier |)a;(e, continiu'd l( ih only place of worsliip f^r niemiiers of that hody from the ti if its erec tion ill IMI.S down to l,s;t:t. Two years I.efore the latter date the iiiemher- ship had inciea,sed to such an extent that the official iHiard determined tii erect a church hetter suited to the rei|uiroments of the hody, anr anil tliitlur tiinnii,flioiit llie Hume Itisfriit. Ill' inilulj^ed in most inllani- i\['\ evident sinciM'itv daildi ri'sscii nnmerous ic nieetinii-* ind li\ lii-^ earnestni'; Won a nuitory lanj^ua^e, an i^'Dod many eonverts to iiis opinions. There is no donUt tliat he mi^jht have lieen arrested and eonvieled of treasoualiie desii^ns at any time witiiin tl iree or four months of the t)Utl)reak, hut as he had eonnnitti'd n O oviTt aet of tri'uson he wa.s allovve 1 to remain at iar^'e and unnioli'sted \>y the anthoritirs. Tlu' Li«iiienanl-( iin ernor was kept eontinually intormi'd of treasonalilf mei'tHi;,'s ut atl'i'eted to tri'at sueh infurmatio 'hth He permitted Maeken/ie, as he himsrlf said, to make " delilicrate pri'par- alion for revolt," and allowed tin- )-ei;ular troops to be withdrawn from the I rovinee to qii 11 til e insnrreetioM in L iwrr t 'aiiaila As the autumn \vore away the insiirreetioiiary piojcets weir matuii'd, and a delinite plan of operations was a;fiei'd upon. .\ di'^eriit wa> to be made on Toronto, by way of Y()n;;e Street, on Thursday, the 7th of December. Tin' insiirj^ents, to the number of four or five tliousand iiu-n- were to asseinlile at .Monj,'omeiy's tavern, almut thri'i- miles north of tin' ity, on th 'iiinir of that dav, whriiei' tln'V wne to advance sonthw.ud upon the caiiilal, and po.sse.ss them.selve.s of sever.il thousand --tand (pf arm.s in the ('ity Hall. Sir Ki'aneis and his i'hi"f advisers were to lie seized and kept in custody until .some satisfactory settlement should be ar rived at. The ;,'alii^oii was to be investeil and a I'im\ i^ioiial ( lovern- ineiit fornied. of which latter l>r. Uolph was to be administrator. Th 'se projeets, tU* every bodv knows, sii'naliv failed, thoii'di ih lire was not due to any alertness on tin- part of the aiithoiilies, whu pei- sisled, ii|i to the latest moment, in refusin;^' to believe that active lebellion It tl leir iloors. Tl le rcliellioii, however, contained williiii itself the es- sential elements of its own failure. Tliere was a want of liarnioiiv, or''an ization and lisity of piirpi IS!' amoiiji li- leadi Tl le armed tbrees did lot appear in any such numbers as had been expected. < )ther causes contribu- ted to pieveiil the pos-,il)ility of suece^s chief aiiioiiL; which must be men tioned the cliaii;:;e nf date of the ])riiieeted att.ick lioiM Thuisday the 7tli, to Monday, the Ith. It seems to be ;reneially conceded that for this clian;,'e of date Dr. Rolph was responsible, thouj^li there are certain cireiimstances whii'h would appear to lead to a iliilcrent conclusion, lint it is by no means ipiito clear why the date wa.s changed at all. The reason itssigiied by # IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // : i €^, k^ t?y %is .^ y. :/. 1.0 I.I 11.25 ■-IM ,5 ™^ 1: 1^ mil 2.0 2.5 2.2 U IIIIII.6 7F' (^ /; <^^. Hiotographic Sciences Corporation 33 WIST MAIN STRUT WHSTIR.N.Y. MSIO (716) »7i-*SfiA m ^' <^ ^' 4 o^ ^^^ V U.J. m ilp 174 MEMORIAL VOLUME. Mr. Lindsey, in liis " Life and Times of Mackenzie," is tliat Dr. llolph be- came alarmed, " under the impresKion that the Ciovernmeut was giving out the arms at the City Hail, antl arming men to fill the garrison and form companies to arrest the leaders of the expected revolt throughout, be- tween then and the next Thui-sday ; that they had ali'cady distributed one hundred .stand of arms, and had become aware of the ilay fixed for the lising." Whatever may be the trutli as to this obscnie matter, when Mac- kenzie reached Montgomery's tavern on the night of Sunday, the 3rd, he found that the date had been altered, and from this time forward suc- cess for the movement was out of the question, as the whole plan of ar- rangements was thereby entirely u])set. He himself .seemed for a time to have lost heart, though it was too late for him to turn back, even had he HO desired. Ho put the best face upon the matter, and advised an innne- diate advance upon the city. To this the other leaders would not consent. "They deemed it indispen.salile," says Mr. Mackenzie's biographer, "to wait till the conditions of the city could be ascertained, or till they were snfticiently reinforced to reduce the hazard of venture, in which all con- cerned curried their lives in their hands, to reasonable limits." After some reflection on the changed aspect of affairs, Mr. Mackenzie resolved to proceed secretly into Toronto, in order to ascertain the real condition of affairs there, and lus to whether it would be advisable to make an immediate attack. Three men, respectively named Anderson, Slieppard ami Smith offered to join him, and the four .set out together, between eij^ht and nine o'clock at night, on their pcriinus journey. They had not advanced far ere they encountered two men on luirsebaek, who |iroveil to be Mr. John Powell, one of the Aldermen representing St. Andrew's Ward in the City Council, and Mr. Archibald Macdonald. Mackenzie hurridly informed them of the state of affairs, and they I'c- ceived the intelligence with a|iparent surpri.se, tliough as matter of fait they had lieard rumoins of the mustering of a rebel force to the north of the city, ami had ridden out for the express purpose of reconnoitring. They were informed liy Mackenzie that it was necessary that tliey should bo det^iined as pi isomers, in order to prevent tliem from conveying intelli- gences to th(! (iovernment. In reH|)on,se to a demand that they should sur- render any arms they might have aliout them, they deelarefl that they had none, Mackenzie next placed them in chargi; of Anderson and Shepjiard, whom he instructed to convey them to Montgomery's. He and Smith then continued their ride towards the city, while the two prisoners and their captors rodo in the oppositt- direction towards Montgomery's. I'owull, - >■( TORONTO: PAST AND PRESENT. 175 however, liad — pardonably enougli — deceived Mackenzie as to his not being armed, and he had proceeded but a short distance; further towards the tavern ere lie drew a pistol, and tired at Anderson, who fell from his horse. Powell wheeled his horse about, and rode rapidly towards the city. He soon passed Mackenzie and his companion, who called to him to halt. When he jiaid no attention to the demand, Mackenzie Kred a |)istol at his head, but missed him. Powell then wheeled again, and, approaching Mackenzie, snapped a pistol at him, but the weapon dashed in the pan, and did no harm. Powell then rode southward as fast as his horse could cany him. " He stayed n.)t for brake, and he stopped not for stone," until he reached the toll-gate, which he found closed. He loudly summoned the gate-keeper, who either was sleeping 8ounr. Rolph ad- dressed himself to ukv 'i'herc were two other persons with it besiiles Dr. Rolph and Mr. Baldwin. Dr. Rolph said ho brouglit a message from his Excellency the Lieutenant-Oovernor, to prevent the elliision of lilood, or to that ett'ect. At the same time lif (jiii'v me pt tliom. . . . The same evening came Mr. Speaker iNhicNab, with a steamer from Kaudlton, biinging sixty of tlie ' Men of Gore.' It was nn inspiriting thing to see these fine fellows land on the t >-o«- TORONTO: FAST AND I'MESKNT. ISl wharf, briu;ht and ficsli tVom their slioit voyago, and full of zeal and loyalty. Tho '''nj^i'i},' chuors they sent fortii wero lu-ochdcd witli interest by tlio townsmen. " Rebellion had broken out in the Lower Province several weeks bi'fore this time, and as almost the entire body of the French Canadian peojile sympathised with the movement, the quelling of it proved a much more serious matter than in Upper Canada. Here, although there was wide- spread ilissatisfaetion, the people generally were loyal, and oidy a very small minority were ripe for rebellion. There was a pretence of armed lesistance for a short time, first in tiie London District, and afterwards on Navy Island, and at two or three points along the frontier, but it was a pretence rather than a reality, ami there was no possibility of success for the rebel arms, assisted though they were by filibustering adventurers belonging to the adjoining republic. With these operations the present work has no further concern. It may be said that with the affair at Montgomery's Farm, Toronto's share in the insurrection was at an end. Mackenzie and Rolph fied to the I'nited States. Some of the less conspicuous leaders of the movement wei'e captured before they could escape. Many prisoners were taken, and during the ensuing winter the jails were crowded. Some of these were ultimately |)ermitted to depart for their homes without tiial, but most of them were tried and sentenced to punishments of greater or less .severity. A few were sentencecl to death, but, with two noteworthy exceptions, these capital sentences were com- muted to imprisonment in the penitentiary at Kingston. The exceptions were the unfortunate Lount unating their ap[)earancc on the scaftbld, we were surprised by a knock at the door, and by the voice of Lount calling upon me On hearing his manly voice, clear and unrutfied, I daretl to think for a moment he was lespited. How vain and fleeting the illusion ! His chains had been knocked ort"to ilress him for the scatlbld, and he had made the excuse to aflbrd him an opportunity to give us the last salutation — the dying V'lle ! He appeared firm, and perfectly prepared for his doom, .say- ing that this would be our last interview : that he was then going out to me(!t his fate : exhorted me to be prepaied, as he had learned officially that after himself and Matthews I was to be the next and only other victim : desired me to communicate the information to the others, in order to re- lieve their minds from the horrors of suspense ; and then, reijuesting us to look at him through the window when he should ascend the .scafibM, bid us farewell forever. As he passed through the hall, he called at the doors of the other rooms, until obliged by the turnkey to de.sceiid. A few minutes afterwards we saw him ami Matthews walk out with the white cap upon their heads, and their arms pinioned, preceded by the sheritl'and his (lei)uty, dressed in their otficial robt's, and with drawn sword.s, followed by two clergymen and a few of our prison guard. On arriving at the fatal spot, although the steps were seven or eight, and the ascent almost perpendicular, they mounted the stage without the least faltering : Lount first, followed by the sheriH'; then Matthews and the deputy, Mr. Baird. Some have remarked they thought Matthews did not ascend with the firnnie.ss displayed by his fellow-surt'eriT ; but they ilo his memory injus- tice, for I was looking upon the motions of both with intense anxiety, to see whether each di.sgraeed his name, or the cause in which he hail for- feited life, and there was not, to my vision, the slightest trepidation. Lount looked up and bowed to us ; then kneeling u|)on the trap underneath one of the nooses, the cord was placed about their necks by the executioner, and the cap pulled over their faces. One of the clergymen, Mr. Kichard-. ^r TORONTO: PAST AND PliESENT. 183 son * made a prayer— the signal was given by the sheriff, and in an instant after these two lieroic souls, the first martyrs to Canadian liberty, were ushered into eternity." To refer to Lount and Matthews as "the first martyrs to Canadian liberty" is of course absurd and one-sided. It is nevertheless true that their execution was a cruel, harsh, and altogrther unnecessary proceeding. There remains lie in the Necropolis, beneath a plain slab of stone bearing the simple inscription : — SAMUEL LOUNT. PKTEH MATTHEWS. While ignominy and suffering attenr. ,1. H. KiulmnUoii, ii.iw nf Toronto. 184 MEMORIAL VOLUME. .L CHAriKR III. SIU (ii;<)H(;K AKTHIJK. TIUAI, AMJ ACi^U ittAI. (iK Kit. MOKKISdN. — U)Kl) I>1 HHAM I.V TORONTO. -THK IIOX. ('. I'. THO.MS(>N, AFTERWARDS r,OKl) SYOKMIAM. TORONTO NO l,ON, mounted carriages in waiting, and ]iriiceeded through a lano of military formed of the gallant soldiers of the M.Hh Regiment, reaching from the Queen's Wharf to the gates of the I'arliament House, which the procession enteiod amid tin- cheering aeclanuitious often thou- sand spectators. On the ample arena surmounting the steps leading to the Parliament IFousc, his Lordship, with his Kxeellency Sir George Arthur o'v his right, the veteran Sir John Colborne on his left, and on either hand his gallant suite, i;i splendid military costumes," received and rei)lied to an .Vddre.ss from tiie Mayor and Corporation of the (..'ity, " Imposing as was this brilliant spectacle," contiiuies the rhetorical jour- nalist of the period — "and surely a more magnilicent sight we never beheld, for it presented lo our corporeal eye, endiodied in full life, the most splendid jiageant described with nil tlie glowing fervour of the inimitable Sii Walter Scott— it would have nwule but little impres.sion upon us, could not our mental perception have penetrated through the U -I4 t — ^-^ '' iV -•-( 188 MEMORIAL VOLUME. long vista of its concomitants. From this auspicious event may Upper Canada date the incipiency of her moral and political consequence. From this date henceforth she will be recognised by Great Britain as the western rampart of her extended empire, the watch-tower of her Con- servative institutions, and the impregnable outwork of civil and religioiis liberty." Lord Durham's stay in Toronto extended over only about twenty-four hours. He arrived about live o'clock in the afternoon of Wednesday, the 17th, and left at the same hour on Thursday, tlie 18th, by the Gohonrg. During his brief stay he gave no evidence of that petulance, begotten of weak health, which had by this time come to be recognised aa one of his characteristics. On the contrary, he appears to have charmed all who came within the circU' of his influence. The newspapers of the time vie with each other in paying tributes to his frankness and uniform good humour. He seems to have entirely won the heart of the editor of the Put riot, who thus refers to his Lordship's departure from the city: — "A vast concourse of persons lusseiiibled, with their banners, to accompany liim to the wharf. A terriHc thunder-storm came on at the moment, but he kindly waited till its close, as the Mayor and the members of the vari- ous .societies had screened themselves on board the steamer from the de- luge of rain whicli fell. At length the boat moved from its moorings ; the cheers of the throng again rent the heavens ; another salute was fired from the garrison, and thus this distinguished noblemen took his depar- ture from this city, having delighted all clas.ses who saw liim, by his affability, courtesy, and kindness," It was indeed a remarkable exhibi- tion of complaisjuice on the part of his Lordship that he waited until the rain was over, instead of steaming away witli " the Mayor and the mem- bers of the various .societies" on lioard. Lord Duriuim's mission forms a most important episode in the history of this Canada of ours, and, as will presently appear, it was fraught with speci- ally weighty conset(uences to Tortmto. Li the course of the succeeding autuum his Lordship, for well-known reasons, resigned his high office, and departed for Englanil ; leaving tlie direction of affairs in the hands of Sir John (,'olborne. His famous " Report" paved the way for a Union of the (.'anadas, a scheme which the Im|)erial authorities determined to adopt, 'i'he Uiglit Hon. Charles Poulott Thomson, afterwards Lord Sydeiduim, was despatched to Canada as Governor-General, to carry out the recom- mendations of the prescient and fur-seoing statesman who had preceded him, and who was rapidly being tortured into an early grave. He reached (./'aimda on tlio 17tli of C>ctober, IWIW. Having gained the assent of the t Ml-*- ill TORONTO: PAST AND PRESENT. 18!» Special (/ouncil of Lower Canada to liis plans, he proceeded to Toronto to obtain the assent of the Upper Canadian Legislature. He reached hin destination on the 21st of November. On the following day he a.ssuiued the functions of Governor, and i-eceived congratulatory addresses from the < 'orporation and the Board of Trade. Sir George Arthur's functions seem to have been for the time in abeyance. The two parties in the Province did not well know in what spirit to receive and accept the new Governor. He had been a Wiiig in politics, and this made the Conservatives suspicion., of him. The Reformers were disposed to regard him favourably, but they were very much in the dark as to his plans, and their party had b 'cn so crushed and maimed by the rebellion that there was no proper coherence or organization among them. They were exchuleil from all offices, and sneered at as disloyal. The worst possible feeling prevailed between them and their opponents. Robert Baldwin and the better class of Reformers kept aloof from public life, and waited for better times. Such was the state of aH'airs when the Governor reached Toronto. He found, however, that a considerable jiroportion of the people generally, irrespective of party politics, were favourable to Re- sponsible Government. The Assembly hr.d passed resolutions in its favour, and were prepared to cordially co-operate with his ExcelU-ncy to bring about a union of the Provinces. V^ery y any repetition of the violent scenes wliich characterized the famous Dtinn and Buchanan election. The next eight years were comparatively uneventful in the city's history, and may be ver)' briefly passed over. In the interval she pa.ssed through two periods of great commercial depression, and also suffered considerably from tires ; yet her population and mercantile importance grew steadily year by year, and the aspect of the streets becami' less and less ])rin)itive, so that there was but little in common between the Toronto of 1849 and the York of 1834. The Mayor's chair liad meanwhile been filled by .seve- ral different representatives. Mr. Powell, a.s has been seen, was Mayor for liS.'JN, bS3I>, and bS-tO. He was succi-eded by Mr. George Monro in iS'll ; and during the next three years — l.S4i, lSt3and bSl4 — the muni- cipal chair of state was occupied by the Hon. Henry Sherwood. William Henry Boulton succee0(l. Other tenders were received from .several persons. A public meeting was called, at which Mr. Furniss attended by .special invitation, lie entered into a full explai\ation of the neces.sary details, and created a very favourable imi)ression upon thi^ 192 MKMOliTAL VOLT ME. auJlt'iice. Tho final result was the erection of gas works by a private coni|P!iny, of which -Mr. Furniss was the most active member, on land granted by the Ct)rporation in the eastern part of the city. The works were soon in ojieration. The illumination furnished in 1840 was martial and oxperimentiil only. In the following year tho company was incorpo- rated under the st^'le of "The Toronto tias Light and Water Com]iany," and thenceforth undertook the duty of furni.shing the citizens with water a.s well as light. From Mr. G. P. Ure's " Handbook of Toronto," published in lcS58, it appears that in the year 184-'> an agreement was made between the company and the City Corporation for a term of twenty-one years, the former undertaking to light the streets at l'(! LSs. 4d. a light, and to bear the expen.se of erecting and maintaining the lamps. The company at first started with twelve lamps. In l.s^T Mr. Furniss, who had mean- while become sole proprietor of the works, .sold them to a joint stock company— the Consumers' Gas Company — under whose auspices they have ever since been carried on. It is .said that the first year the works were established the quantity of gas manufactured was less than 4,000,000 feet. The (piantit}' now manufactured is nearly sixty times as great. There are at present about 110 miles of main pipes in the city, devoted to '),tI0O consumers and 2,")40 public and private lamps. In 1848 the price chargeil to consumers was five dollars per thousand cubic feet. ?he present price is from ii'l.i") to SI. GO. The founSir Charles Met- calfe. The result of this combiinvtion of ciicumstanees was the found- ing of the (ili)lii', in the interests of the lleform party. The paper made itself fi'lt from the date of its first issue, ami obtained what in tho.se days was regardi'd as a considerable circulation. It was conducted a.s i Ml«- ^. ^ TORONTO: PAST AND PRESENT. 11)3 a weekly broadsheet for about two years, after which it appeared twice a week. In 1849 it began to appear tri-weekly as well as weekly, and it was not till October, 18.53, that it made its appearance as a daily jour- nal. Irrespective of it.s political opinions, the Globe has for forty years been recognized as the leading ueicspaper of Canada, and no man who has not studied its columns can justly lay claim to an intimate ac- quaintance with the history of this country. Sir Richai'd Henry Bonnycastle, in his " Canada and the Canadians in 18i6," gives us more than one glimpse of the appearance of Toronto dur- ing the interval now under consideration. He arrived in the city by .steamer on the 27th of June, 1845. " On steaming up the harbour," he writes, " I was greatly surprised and very much pleased to see such an alteration a.s Toronto has undergone for the better since 1837. Then, al- though a flourishing village, be-citied, to be sure, it was not one-third of its present size. Now it is a city in earnest, with upwards of 20,000 in- habitants — gas-lit, with good plank sidewalks and macadamized streets, with vast sewers and fine houses of brick or stone. The main street. King Street, is two miles and more in length, and would not do shame to any town, and has a much more English look than most Canadian places have." Upon reaching the wharf, he seems to have been sorely beset by the solicitations of the carters. " At Kingston," he remarks, " matters are pretty well arranged, and the carters are not so very impudent, and so ready to push you over the wharf; but at Toronto they are very so-so, and want regulating by the police." We are also favoured by Sir Richard with a glimpse of the northern suburbs, as they appeared thirty-nine years ago. All old residents of Toronto will remember what was known a,s the Blue Hill, an eminence which has since been very much cut down and shorn of its old-time proportions. It was about a hundred yards north of the old toll-gate, which, it will be remei.ibored, .stood nearly op- posite the present site of Severn's brewery, a few feet to the north of the spot where the Davenport Road diverges from Yonge Street. The clay of the Blue Hill, it appoai-s, was then, as now, used for brickmaking purposes. " Near Toronto," writes Sir Richanl, " at Blue Hill, largo brick yards are in operation, and here white brick is now made, of which a handsome specimen of church architecture has been lately erected in the we.^t end of the city." This was St George's Church, erected in 1844. "Tiles," he adds, " elsewhere not seen in Canada , are also manufactured near Blue Hill ; but they are not extensively used, the snow and high winds l)eing unfavourable to their adoption, shingles or split wood being cheaper, and tinned iron plates more durable, and loss liable to accident. " I i i -^IN 4' 194 MEMORIAL VOLUME. In 184G a local topograpluT was able to write as follows: — "The iiii- in'ovenieiits made In the City of Toronto within the last two years have been astonishing. Many new buildings (and those the handsomest in the city) have been erected ; and the sidewalks, several of which were in a very dilai)idated state, and some almost impassable, have been re-laid and much improved. Toronto now contains ninety-two .streets, the planked jiortion of King Street being about two miles long. Tlie extreme length of the city, from the Don bridge to the western limits, is upwards of three miles. Property which was purchased a few years since for a mere triHe has increased wonderfully' in value, and many hou.ses on King Street pay a ground-rent of ."^.^OO. Rents are generally as high as in the best business situations in London, England, and some houses in good situations for business let at from $1 ,000 to Sl,2.")0 per annum. There are within the city twenty-one churches and chapels, .and ten newspapers — the liritLih Gaiuiduin, Herald, Patriot, Colonic, Exnminer, Clirltifian Guar- dian, Star, Mirror, Banner, and Globe. The following monthly periodi- cals are also published here: — the Upper Canada Juri>^(, British Ameri- can Cultivator, and Sun day -School Guardian. The city is lighted with gas, and there are water-works for the convej'ance of water from the bay to the diflerent houses ; and there are also in the city regular stages for coaches and hacks. Steamboats leave daily for Kingston, Hamilton, Niagara, C^Hieenston, Lewiston, and Rochester, calling at Fort Hope and CJobourg. Omnibuses have been established to run regularly to Kich- iMond Hill, Thondiill, t'ooksville, and Streetsville, and every hour from the market-place to Yorkville. A liorse ferry-boat plies during tlie day between the city and the opposite island ; and there are Hfteen connuon schools in operation." Numerous other extracts might be cited from the works of various travellers, illustrative of the appearance and material condition of Toronto from 1840 to lh.")0, but the reader who has attentively followed the narrative thus fai', and who cares enough about the matter to take the trouble, will have no difficulty in forming in his mind's eye something approaching to an accurate picture of the city as it appeared thirty to forty years since. Various important changes had meanwhile taken place in the govern- ment of the countr}' at large. Lord Syilenham met with an untimely death at Kingston in September, 1841. He was succeeded by Sir Charles Bagot, who survived his appointment only about nineteen months, and died at Kingston on the l!)th of May, 1843. Sir Charles Metcalfe (afterwards Baron Metcalfe of Fern Hill), succeeded, and held office until November, \-*- TORONTO: PAST AND PliEHENT. 19o 184,"), when lie returned to England to die. Karl Catlicart, Commander- in-Chief of the Forces, administered the Government after Lord Met- calfe's departure, and in the followinj,^ March was appointed ( Jovernor- (jeneral, which ottiee he retaineil until the accession of Lord Elgin in January, ISiT. The triumph of Kingston over Toronto was short-lived. She enjoyed for only three years the distinction of lieing the Canadian capital, after which the .seat of Government was removed thence to Montreal. From the very first, Kingston, by reason of her small size and otlier disadvantages, was found to be unsuited to the dignity where .' ith she had been invested, and an agitation to remove the Government there- from was set on foot during the first se.ssion of the First Parliament of United Canada. The French raember.s energetically pre.s.sed the claims of Montreal, which was the chief city of Canada in commerce, population and wealth. Per contra, Lord Sydenham's pledge that the cajiital should be in Up|)er Canada was urged upon the attention of Parliament. Loid Sydenham's pledge, liowever, could not be permitted to perpetually stand in the way of the public convenience, and ib)ntreal was in many respects better suited- than any other city to be the capital of the Provinces. Ac- cordingly, after the subject had been discussed during three .sessions, Mon- treal was fixed upon as the permanent seat of Government. The public offices were removed thither soon after the opening of navigation in the spring of 1844, and the Governor-General, Sir Charles Metcalfe, followed in the coui'se of the ensuing summer. As will hereafter be recorded, Mon- treal's tenure of metropolitan pre-eminence was destined to be not much more durable than tliat of Kingston had been. -^♦-' 19G MEMORIAL VOLUME. C"H AFTER IV. ih1 THE CHEAT FIRE. — LAMENTAJILE DEATH OF MR. UICIIAltD WATSON, QI'EEN's PKINTEK.— pestilence. — THE MACKENZIE KIOT. — LORD ei.(;in's visit. — Toronto once more a metropolis. — elmslev VILLA. — municipal CHANCES. — TRANSFER OF THE OOVERNMENT to QUEHEC. — STATISTICS AND TOPOGRAPHY. J HE year 1841) wa.s a moiuentous one in the history, not of To- ronto alone, but of Canada. It was on tl\e night of the 25th of April in that year that the Parliament Buildings at Montreal were destroyed by a mob, in consequence of the passing of tlie ^42< Rebellion Losses Bill. Five daj-s aftervards — on the .SOth — the *V Governor General, Lord Elgin, was pelted with stones and ad- dled eggs in the streets of Montreal. During the sununer the Province was subjected to a visitation of Asiat' cholera. To that year also be- longs the annexation movement, which wa.s by no means conKned to Montreal, though it found its strongest and most influential expression there. Those events belong to the general history of Canada, but they were all fraught with more or less direct conseciuences to Toronto. The burning of the Parliament Buildings and the |)ublic attack upon Lord Eb'in led to the removal of the seat of Government hither from Montreal. Toronto suffered, in common with other large towns, from the cholera epidemic ; and among our citizens were a few who sympathized with the project of annexation. But Toronto, during the year 184'9, was visited by calamities peculiarly her own. At no former period of her history was she called upon to sufl'er so many and such serious ravages from what newspajjcr reporters call " the devouring element." Fires of some magnitude occurred during Janu- ary, February and March ; but the most tremendous conflagration in the city's history occurred early on the morning of Saturday, the 7th of Apiil. It wa.s a small affair as compared with the holocausts in more recent times at Chicago and Boston, but it wa.s >f suflicient magnitude to be ivgardeii as a blow to Toronto's pro.sperity, and it involved a loss of more than half a million dollaix. There seems to have been an in- suflicient supply of water — a contingency of which our citizens have had i^ »H,^♦. i TORONTO: PAST AND PRESENT. 197 some experience during tlie current year. The tire broke out between one and two o'clock in the niornini^, in so'-.e outbuildings in tlie rear of a tavern near the corner of King and Nelson Streets. It rapidly s[»read to the uiiiin part of Nelson Street, on the east, consuming Post's Tavern and the Patriot oftice " The fire," says a contemporary account, " extended from King Street to the south of Duke Street, where it eonsumetl nearly all the back buildings and the otHee of tlie Savings Bank It then crossed to the west side of Nelson Stieet to Rolf's tavern, destroying the whole block, including the J/i'rror office, to Mr. Nasmith's bakeiy. Pro- ceeding from Rolf's tavern the flames laid hold of the corner building' occupied by Mr. O'Donohue, which was .''i)eedily consumed, and then they ran along the whole block to Mr. O'Neill's, consuming the valuable stores of Me.ssr:>. Hayes, Harris, Cheny, O'Neill and others. About three o'clock the spire of St. James's Cathedral took fire, and the building was entirely destroyed. About the .same time the Hauies broke out in the old City Hall, consuming the greater part of the front building, including Mr. McFarlane's small store. The tire then o.xtendcd from the Cathedral across to the .south side of King Street, where a tire had lately oi eurred. The shops of Mr. Rogers and others were with dittieulty saved. All that block was in great danger ; some of them had most of their goods removed, and great injury to property was ,sustain(Ml. About five o'clock the flames were in a great measure subdued. The exertions of the firemen were for a long time retarded for want of water. The sohliers of the ritle brigade from the garri.son were extremely active, and deserve the higliest gratitude of the citizens. The loss by this tire is estimated at the lowjst computation to be £100,000 sterling. It is not easy to describe the gloom which this calamity has cast over the city, or the ruined appearance of the ground so lately occupied by^ many respectable and industrious individuals, who, by the work of four or five hours, were suddiiuly thi-own out of business or seriously injured in their circumstances. In whatever light this serious event be regarded, it must be acknowledged as a heavy blow and sore discouragement to Toronto : the heaviest it has reeeived. There cannot be a doubt, however, that the activity and enterprise of the inhabitants will soon surmount the los.s. The sea.son is favourable for rebuilding, and many improvements will doubtless be introduced in the formation of new st.eets." This second destruction of St. James's, which had fallen a prey to the tlames ten years before, was much felt by the congregation, not only in a pecuniary sense, but because many pleasant memories and time-honoured monuments were destroyed. Among other objects which fell a prey to MP ►•<* 198 MEMORIAL VOLUME. '!^1 the flames was a clock in tlie belfry, which had been placed tlieie at the expense of tlie Honourable William Henry Draper, upon his retirement from Parliamentary life several years before. Again, as in iS.Sit, Dr. Straclmn put for ththe weight of his influence, and in i)rocess of time the main body of the present imposing cathedral arose upon the site of its prede- cessor. Service was tirst held in the new structure in 18.)3, though the belfry was not completed until 18G7, and the spire and pinnacles were not erected until about seven years later. Unhappily, there was not only loss of property liut loss of life during the conflagration. Mr. Richard Watson, Queen's Printer, in attempting to save his plant from destruction, perished in the flames. A number of other serious casualties occurred, but poor Watson's was the only life lost. He was a man of many generous impulses, and was deeply mourneil by a wide circle of friends. " He was," says Mr. Sanmel Thompson,* who knew him well, "at the head of the i)rofessicn, univei-sally liked, and always foremost on occasions of dang'jr and necessity. He had jier- sisted, in spite of all remonstrance, in carrying cases of type down tiie long three-story staircase, and was forgotten for a while. Jieing speedily missed, however, erics were frantically raised for laddei-s to the south windows, and our brave friend t'olonel O'lirien was the flrst to dimb to the third story, dash in the wiudow-.sash — using his hat as a weapon, but not escaping .severe cuts from the broken glass —and slmut to the prisoner within. But in vain. No person could be seen, and the smoke and flames, forcing their way at that moment through the front windows, rendered all eft"orts at rescue futile. . . . Ne.\t morning there wns a general cry to recover the remains of poor Watson. The brick witlls of our ofliei' had fiiilen in, ami the heat of tin? burning mass in the cellar was that of a vast furnace. But nothing checked the /.eal of the men all ef whom knew and liked him. Still hissing hot, the l)urnt masses were gradually cleared away, and after long hours of labour an incremated ski'li'ton was found, and restored to his mourning family for interment, with funeral obsecjuies which were attended by nearly all t\w cMtizens." Scarcely had the excitement eonae((Uent on the great tire ipiieted down ere the city was subjecteil to a still mori! ajipalling visitation. With the opening of navigation a strong tidi' of immigration to Canada from liiuope set in, and theiir.migrants brought with them disease and death to our shores ; flrst in the shape of a peculiarly malignant form of ship fever, and afterwanls iii the still more direful shape of cholera. The march of the pestilence was steadily westward from (j)uebee to Montreal, >— TORONTO: PAST AND PRESENT. 199 from Montreal to Kingston, from Kingston to Toronto, thence to Hamil- ton, and so on to tlio western contincs of the Province, and beyond. The first case of cholera at Toronto was reported towards the end of June, and the number of cases reported within the ensuing month was 1G2, where- of 107 terminated fatally. Tiie Mayor and Council bestirred themselves to j,'rai)ple with this much dreaded visitation. A special Board of H';alth was appointed, and approved sanitary means were resorted to to p> event the sj)read of the epidemic. In spite of all precautions, it raged during the rest of the summer with growing intensity, so that by the first week of September 421 deaths out of 70(i ca.ses had been reported. Happily cool weather set in unusually early, and the progress of tlu' pestilence thenceforward began to abate. The total number of deaths from the epidemic in Toronto was .')27. Another imcommon event wliieh occurred in Toronto during the year l.S4i) was a street riot of some importance. The second Lafontaine- Haldwin (lovernment was then in power, and early in the session of 1S+!I they passed n measure of complete amnesty for all offences arising out of the events of 18.S7-'3M. Mr. W. L. Mackenzie, whose eleven years' sojourn in the United States had been one of continued struggle and pri- vation, liastened to avail himself of the provisions of this measure. He returned to Canada, glad to shelter him,self beneath the folds of the Hag which he luid once reviled. Upon arriving at 'I'oronto, during the tliird woei< in March, he took up his temporary abode at the liou.se of Mr. John McIntosh,on Yonge street, who is described in the newspapers of the day asone of the most inoffensive of men. There was still a consideralile nundier of persons left in Toronto whose spurious loyalty outran their di.scration, and to them Mackenzie's retuin was a thing intolerable. About nine o'cU)ek on the niglit of Thursday, the 22nd of March, as many of them as co\ild be got together paraded through several of the streets, carrying aloft the etiigies , where they set fire to and burned tlie elligies in the middle of the street. They then jiroeeeded to Mr. Mcin- tosh's liouse, in front of which they burned .several tAi-barrels, This pro- duced a blaze which caused the fire-l>ells to be rung, and a groat number of people to collecit on tlu^ spot, 'I'he noise and excitement were iiiten.se. The mob was largely composed of "certain lewd fellows, of the l)aser sort," who were always ready for any excuse for rioting and plunder. Ainid the tuuiidt of yulls and execrations, voicoa were licard instigating " i -»^- .L ii)i>''i 200 MEMORIAL VOLUME. to tlic pulling down of Mcintosh's liouse. Fortunately they did not pro- ceed to this length, though they burned Mackenzie in cttigy, broke the front windows and a panel of the door, and placed the inmates in dan- ger from the stones and bricks which were violently thrown in. After keeping possession of the streets until about midnight, they marched otf to the house of Mr. George Brown, dlitor and proprietor of the Olohe (which was the Toronto organ of the Government), where they battered for some time at the door, broke some panes of glass and Venetian blinds, and regularl}' laid siege to the house, though without doing any further damage. Then the mob ilispersed. All these excesses wi're connnitted boldly, and without any attempt on the part of the authorities to prevent them. It is said that Mr. George L. Allen, Chief of Police, and at least one member of the City Council, were quiet spectators of the scene, Next day, with a view to the preservation of the peace, a number of special constables were sworn in, and there was no further riotiig; but at the next meeting of the ( Viuneil, the Mayor, Mr. Gurnett, was strongly cen- sured by some of the high Tory members for having incurred the expense of pioviding special constables to save the life of such a " scoundrelly rebel " as Maikenzie. Language unworthy of civilized and educated men was used Viy several of the Aldermen, one of whom declared, in so many words: " It' it were not for the law, I wouKl not scruple to take his [i.e., Mackenzie's] life." The editor of the Globe was present, and it appears that he had never before personally attended a meeting of the Municipal (Jouncil, Judging from the following remarks, which appeared in an editorial in the next issue of his paper, he seems to have been profoimdiy disgusted at the language employed during the discussion ; — " We have often heard of the Fathers of this, the capital of Western tJanada, but till last night sve ni'ver had tlie calamity of being iircsent at a Council meeting. For tive hours we witnes.sed an exiiiliition such as wo arc certain was never before made in any city of the British Empire, There .sat, at a spacious table, some twenty persons, with AMerman Beiird, Deput}' Sheritr in thi> chair ; the Council being in a Committee of the Whole lIou.se, everything seemed comfort^iblc and respectable, but at that table was langiuige used that would have disgraced the clubs of Robes- pierre and Maiat." The burning of the Parliament Build by the jieople witii mingled enthusiasm and ap- prehension, for it was known that many ]ieisons were disposed to hold liim iiersonally resp(uisible for the Rebellion Losses Rill, and there was some fear of a riot. His Excellem-y landed from the steamer at Youge Street wharf, where he was met by a large eoneourse, ineluding nearly all tlie prominent citizens, by wliom he was escorted to Ids hotel. Certain hostile demostrntior.s were maile by a few misguidi.'il persons a.s the cor- tege moved U]) Yonge Street. Several stones and rotten eggs were Hung nt the Vice-regal party, who preserved their composure uinuoved. Thir- teen jM-rsons were arrested, and as the gi'and jury were then in session, the culprits wiM'e forthwith presented ami committed to prison. The (llobe has often been eeiisured for its incapacity to do justice to the motives of its political opponents, tint the following extract from a contemporary number of that paper woidd seeiu to indieate that on that occasion, at least, it could be impartial :-- " It is seldom we have iuul an opportiiiuty of speaking in terms of approbation of our civic authorities, but we can- not but express our high sense of the niaidy, independent manner in which all have done their duty on this occasion. The grand jury is chieHy com- posed of Conservatives ; the Mayor, Aldermen, and police are all Conser- vatives; but I - men could have eairit'ij out more fearlessly their deternn- nation to maintain order in the connmn\ity." The removal of the Govennuental departments took place in Novomber (lSi!l), and the old range of ri'd brick builiiings which had been in use for years befiuc the I'nion were once more called into re(|uisitioii forotlicial and Parliamentary purposes. These were the identical buildings on Front Street now apjiropviated to the use of the Ontario Legislature and the various de- partments of the Provincial tloverniuent. Considerable expense was incur- red iti renovating ami decorating the two chaiubers respectively assigneil to the Assendtly and the Council, and by the time tliey were required for purposes of legislation they presented a most attractive appearance. Lord F.lgin took up his (piarters temporarily at I'lilah's Hotel, on King Street i- Ml-^ w -*(N 202 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 0A west, but soon aftcrwanls ii'inoveil to Elmsley Villa, u btructuio built on tlio rising gioinul to the north of the Yonge Street branch of the College x\. venue. Elm.sley N'illa, as its nani'> implies, was once the i>ro|H'rty of Chief Justice Elnisley. It was suL.equently converted into Knox Col- lege, and stood on the site now occupied by the Central Presbyterian ( 'hurch, on the corner of Urosvenor and St. Vincent Streets. The Gover- nor continued to reside there during his stay in Toronto, and the pliu'c tluis became permanently as,soeiated with his name. The nuinicipal elections of 1850 were held under an Act passed during the preceding session — 12 Vie. cap. iSl, section S,'} — which introduced eei- tain changes in the representation. From liS.'J.S to l' ( 'ouncii. In iS.'iH a seventh ward, called St. John's, was formed from St. Patrick's. The last miiyor wIk) has been refern'il to in these pages was Mr. (ieorge (Jurnett, who filled that position for three years, from bSKS to 1S.")(), inclusive. He was succeeded in 18.") I 1>y Mr. .lohn (ieorgi; l!owes, who letained the dignity dui'ing the next three years. Mr. Bowes was in his day and generation one of the most energetic and popular luen in the city, who from time to time carried on various pursuits with leiuarkable success. Mr. Samuel Thom|),son, who knew him well, and who sat in the ('ouncii under his presidency in iM.'ij, has reeordeil his o|iinion that "in educational alfairs, in tinancial arrangements, ami indceil in all ([uestions ati'ecting tlie city's interests, he was liy far the ablest man who had ever (illed the civic chair. His ac(|uirements as an arithmetician were extia- oi'dinary, and as a speaker he possessed remarkable powers." This account of Mr Howes would l)e incomplete without somi' reference (o a ■»••< TORONTO; PAST AND I'KKSENT. 2U3 flisagreeablo inatti.T in wliicli he was involved, and wliicli for a time in- terfered with lii.s public usefulness. In the year I80.S it beeiime known that he, while occupying the high office of Chief Magistrate, had pur- chased, at a discount of twenty per cent, certain nuinicipal debentures issued l)y tlu; city. Tins purchase was made in conjunction with Mr. (now Sir Francis) Hincks, the Premier. Tlie facts were elicited in the course of tile hearing of a chancery suit in which Mr. Bowes wa.s defend- ant. It appeared that the city had agreed to take stock in the (Ontario, Siincoe i*^: Huron Railway Company to the extent of !*20(»,()(I0. The de- bentures were offered for .sale on the Toronto stock market at about twenty per cent, lielow par value, and were so oti'ered for .several months. Mr. Bowes and Mr. Hincks purchased at the ordinary market price, and dur- ing the following session an Act of Parliament was obtained whereby the debentures were raised to par. No good object is to l)e served by going minutely into particulars. Suffice it to sny that the transaction turned out to be for the city's benefit, and that it wa.s much less culpable than it seemed to be on the face of it, though Mr. Bowes, owing to the fiduciary position occupied by him as mayor of the city at the time of engaging in the purchase, wivs hehl accountable for all profits which he had nialized. There can be no doubt that ho was guilt}' of an in- discretion, for which, however, he was sufficiently punished l)y the heavy bill of costs he was called upon to i)ay. That he did not pennan- ently lose caste in the (Estimation of his fellow-citizens is sufiiciently at- tested by the fact of his iieing elected to the mayoralty by the vote of the peo]>le in the years l.siil, ISd'J ami isiilV Mr. (inrnett, though he ceased to fill the civic chair at the end of bS5tl, was again elected as an alderman for St. tieorge's Ward. Within a month after his election, however — on the 2+th of January. 1N')1— he resigned his .seat in the rouncil and was ajipointed Police Magistrate, a position which he thenceforward held for somewhat more than ten years. The affairs of the country weio administered from Toronto from No- \ ember, bSI!l, until November, l.S.')l, when, in pursuance of the alternating system adopted in lS+9, the seat of (iovernment was removed to (i)ni'bec. Beyond what iuis uiriMidy lieon set down, the local history of that brief interval contains little of pernmneut interest, though the city meanwhile advanced rapiiUy in wealth, counnorce, and popiilation. The popu- lation in 18.")1 was ;)(),77'>, pompuscil of the following i\ationalities : Knglish, 4,!».')H ; Scotch, 2,l(iD ; Irish, II, :<(),">; natives, not of Kreni'h origin, !t,(b")(i ; natives of French origin, 4(i7 ; .Vniericans, l,+0,') ; (lermans and Dutch, ll.'t; all other nationalities, 402. Clossitieil acconling to re- Ht4 t Ml*- jMiL 204 MEMORIAL VOLUME. iijll^^l ligioua lielief, the general censtis of 1851 represents the population as follows: Church of England, 11,577 ; Church of Scotland, 1,001 ; Church of Rome, 7,!>40; Free Church Presbyterian, 2,137; other Presbyterians, 1,:}4G; Wesleyan Methodists, .'],251 ; Episcopal Methodists, 132; New Connexion Methodists, 257; other Methodists, 483 ; Baptists, 1)48 ; Lu- therans, 40; Congregationalists, 04G ; Quakers, 12; Jews, 57; Univer- salists, 23 ; Unitarians, 178 ; not known, 26!* ; no creed given, 418. These figures, however, would afford a very inadctjuate and inaccurate idea of the religious classification at the present day. The general appearance of the city was fully coininensunite with its population and connuercial prosperity. Hugh Seymour Tremenheere, who visited the place at this time, and who published nn account of his travels under the title of " Notes on Public Subjects, made during a Tour in the United States and Canada," refers to Toronto as " spreading over a wide and gentl3'-ri8lng plattau on the lake .shore, handsomely btiilt, increasing most rapidly, possessing public buildings which in dimensioTis, in cor- rectness of taste, and in solidity of construction, are surpa.ssed by few of a similar kind in the .second-rate towns in England." He refers to its wealth as " steadily increasing, under jierliaps the comparatively slow but yet the certain cour.se of the strict business principles and merciintile lionour of the old country." He adds that " its lunnerous neat and well- kept villa.s, and houses of larger pretensions attached to consideralile farms at a ftu'ther distance from the town, attest the effect of the process." In a note, he supplies still further justification for the vanity of Torontonians, as follows: — " It was lately publicly stateil, on umloubted authority, that while at one of the great connuercial towns on the other side of the lake, in the State of New York, the individuals comiMising the leading mercantile firms bad nearly all changed three times over within the last twenty years, in eonse(|uence of failures, the jiersons in leading positions as mer- chants, kc, at Toronto, had been the same during the whole time, or had transmitted their wealth and position to their sons ; and that many wlio were lieginning their career at the commencement of that period had been pursuing it without reverses, and wore now wealthy. ' t HI*. TORONTO: PAST AND PBESENT. 203 CHAPTER V. THE KAIIAVAV ERA. — THE (ITV SCHOOLS. — MH. KISSEI.L, OF KII,- WHIS.S. — OOVEKXM EXT OFFICES A(iAI\ UEMoVKD TO TOKONTd. — .SIR EDMUND HEAD. — l'AKI-1 AMENTA 15 V (JI-ADfATdRS. — l'aNXEE TERRIUF.E. — MKNDrcANCY AXD CRIME. - THE DolBT.E SHIKFLE. — ■ DR CHARLES M'KAV IX TOROXTO. HP]N the era of railways set in, and it liecaiiio apparent tliat the old lines and modes of travel would sooner or later have to be abandoned, Toronto underwent her full share of ai'ita- t^£M MtjT^iJdi tion. The eitizens recognised the importance of securing .'.j'Tji' railway connnunication with their eastern and western neighbours, P& and were not niggardly in voting subsidies to r cure the advantages whicli such communication was certain to confer. Here was projected and built the firat iron way in Western Ontario. It was for some yeara known as the Ontario, Sinu'oe «.V Huron Railway, which name was sub- sequently changed to the Northern. The latter has been a fiiiuiiiar desig- nation in the ears of Torontonians for nearly tliirty years. The first sod was turned byLady Klgin on the l.')th of Oetober,18.")l,tho spot chosen being nearly opposite the Parliament Buildings, on Front Street. From this tinn' forward the work of construction was steadily proceeded with. 'J'he earliest portion of the line, from Toronto to Aurora — then called Maehell's (Jorners — was opened ou tiie Kith of May, 1«.53. On the l.Sth of the month fol- lowing, the road was opened as far as Holland Lauding, and the first time- table was j)repared and issued in manuscript. It was not until 18.5,") that communication was opened all the way from Toronto to C'ollingwood, The Toronto and Hamilton line — forming part of the Great Western, which has in modern times been "amalgaiiuited with the Grand Trunk -was also opened in 18.").'). Then came that most important of enti'tprises, the Grand Trunk, whereby wo olitained direct and speedy communicat ion with Mon- treal and the seaboard. The line was opened through from Montreal to Toronto on the 27th of October, 18.")"). About .scvi'U months later the westerly portion was opened froui Toronto to Guelpli, whence the line was soon after extended to the western confines of the Province. The Toronto, Grey & Bruce Railway, tlu' Toronto \: Nipissing, the Credit Valley and #'^1 200 MEMORIAL VOLUME. the Ontario &: Quebec, are of nuicli more inodern growth. A compre- hensive account of Toronto's sliare in tlie inception and subsequent ilevelopments of all these enterprises would fill many hundreds of paj^es. Full information on such subjects as these, however, is not likely to be sought for in a Memorial \o\ Various statistical works ai'e pub- lished specially devoted to such matters, cons[)icuous among which is the late Mr. Trout's carefully prepared "Railways of Canada," ])ublished at Toronto in 1871. Here it will be sufficient to say that of late years our fair city has become a notable railway centre, and that if our money has been lavi.shly spent in this direction, we have not Ijeen left without com- pen.sation. Apart from the main question of convenience, the facilities afforded for shipment of wares and merchandise have encouraged the es- tablishment of many of the largest manufactoiies in the country, which have added not a little to our commercial prosperity. To return to the period under consideration. At the municipal elections of IS")-!? Mr. Joshua tJeorge Beard, Alderman for St. Lawrence Ward, was elected to the Civic Chair. In consequence of his becoming seriously ill within a short time after his election, he was for some weeks unable to attend to his official duties, and from the IlOth of Januar}' to the 3rd of April the deliberations of the Council were presided over by Mr. (after- wards the H(jn.) John Beverley Robinson. Mr. Beard was one of the oldest members of the Council, having been returned for St. Lawrence Ward as far back as the month of September, 1834, * and he had occupied a seat in the Council almost continuously ever since. No official census of the city was taken during this year, but the popidation was !iot less than +(),0()(). As an evidence that it was still the day of small things in Toronto in I8."i4, it may be recorded that the average daily attendance at the City Scliools during the year was only l.'t')!), and that the total cost of maintaining the .schools themselves was C+.lTfi. In 18.")"> the average daily attendance increased to 1,570, and the cost of maintenance to £.'),"218. The Chief Magistrate for the year last named was Mr. (now the Hon.) George William Allan, who had for some years previously taken much in- terest in municipal allairs. The population of the City for this year was set down at 41,7GO. The nund)er of books of travel issued between LS.Vl and 18(13, in which Toronto is described, may be counted by the score, and matter of more or less local interest is to be found in every one of them. For tlie present a single • \tract must suffice. Mr. Robert llussell, of Kil- whi.ss, Scotland, a close observer of men and things, arrived heio in • See iioU' nil p. liVi, mill. TORONTO : FAST AND PRESENT. 207 Supteinber, ISo-t. In his '' Nortli Amcricii, its Agriculture and ("li- niate," published at P]dinburgh in 18o7, he thus rec(jrds his impres- sions of Toronto, which he pronounces the finest city in Caniida : " The wide streets, containing splendid shops and numbers of hiindsonie churches, conspire to impress one with the thriving character of the place. With a friend I went over the schools, which rival those of the United States for ettieieiicy. Toronto has greatly increased within a few years, and it now contains upwards of 4'),0l)0 inhaltitants. Tiie re- moval of the seat of Ciovernnient ilid not cheek its ailvancement, for after nil the mere residence of a nund>er of provincial membeis of Parliament can do little to raise up a town. In fact, the progress of any of the towns along the Canadian shores of the lakes depends upon the agricul- tural capabilities of the surrounding country. Toronto is luorely the ex- porter of the produce of the district that lies betwixt Ontario and Lake Simcoo, and the importer of the necessaries and luxuries that the settlers reijuire. Had the soil to the northwards been no better than the ^.reater part of Massadiusetts, Toronto would not have extended her wide streets .so far into the bush." In October, bSo.i, the Government oHices were remo\ ed hither from Quebec, and Toronto once more became the capital of ( 'auada. Tiie (lOvernor-Geucral, Sir Edmund Walker Head, who had succeeded Lord Elgin towards the close of the preceding year, did not reach here until November. Tiie old structure known as Government Hou.si;, which stood in its own grounds on the corner of Simcoe and King streets, had been refurbi.shed and fitted up for His Excellency's reception, and liere he abode during his four years' I'csidence in Toronto. In the old ilays before the Union of the Provinces in 1841 tlie building had been >ised as an orticial residence by five successive Lieutenant-Governijrs of Upper Canada, namely, Fi'ancis Gore, .Sir Peregrine Maitland, Sir .Tohti Colborne, Sir Francis Bond Head, and Sii' Georgt; Arthur. Sir Edmund was tlu; last Governor-Genei'al to occupy it, as Toronto has nevei' been the seat of the Government of Canada .since his time. Unlike his kinsman SirFrancis, the new Governor was a man of lipe scholarship, who had made a study of politics, and po.s.sesscd some of the elements of stato.snuinship. He was at this time in his fifty-Hrst yeai-, and rather above the medium stature. His c(im|)lexion had sutl't'rcd fiom the u.se of niti'ate of silver as a remedy for epilepsy, to which he wius subject. A contemporary account refers to him as po.sse.ssing a rather Krm, not to say stern expression of countenance. He opened the second session of the Fifth Parliament on the loth of February, liS.'>(i. Since the legislature had i- -►•-< 208 MEMORIAL VOLUME. y.\h'\ lust met in Toronto an Act liad eouic into operation whereby the nienilier- shijiuf tiie A.sseinlily bad been eonsideralily inoroased, so tiiat it bad been neeessary to provide a good deal of additional aceoniraodatioii. Tbe spaee wliieh bad formerly been vouchsafed to the public was greatly shorn of its proportions. A few seats contiguous to the west entrance were all that could be spared for the use of niendiers of the I'ppcr House, and other visitors who might be regarded as entitled to special privileges. The Cliambei' assigned to the L'pper House had again been deeorated, refurnished, and largely remodelled. It presented an aspect of almost im- perial splendour, insomucli that the (lovernor privately remarked that Responsible Government hail not obliterated the respect of Canadians for the trapjiings of sovereign tj'.* The session was only a few days old when a memorable altercation occui'red in the A.ssembly between the Hon. John A. Macdonald and Mr. tieorge Brown. It occurred on the night of Tues- day, the ilith of February, during the debate on the Addriss in reply to the Speech from the Throne. Mr. Macdonald was then Attorney-General West, and from his place on the Goveriunent benches In; t., unted Mr. Brown — wlio was member for Lambton, and leader of the t'lear Grit party — with having changed his political views since the last general election. Mr. Brown resented the attack with great vehemence. In the work just (pioted from, the i>resent writer has thus described the scene which followed, and its suKsequent developments : — " Inconsistency was of all charges the most intolerable to the mind of Mr. Brown, and upon being taken to task on that score by some of the sjieakers on the ministerial side his indignation knew no bounds. He had not iieen speaking five minutes ere he had succeeded in lashing him.self into a white heat. He indulged in a tremendous onslaught on what he chai'acterized as the kaleidoseopie politics of some of tiie members of the Government ; and he specially instanced the case of the Attorney-General West and the Postmaster-General. f Anger begets anger; and Mr. Mac- donald, stung by the cutting words as they poured hot froio the speaker's lilis, was ruu.-ied to a condition of temjier v.'hich impelled him to forget the plea.sant urbanity which generally marked his demeanour, alike to fiiends ami foes. When he rose to re|)ly to Mr. Brown it was evident that be was labouring uniler sviM excitement. He launched foitli into a tirade which electrilied the House, and caused e\en the least .si'rupulous of Parliamentary sharpshooters to stand aghast. He accused the mendier for Landiton of having falsified testimony, suborned convict witnesses, •".Soc I'hi l.iixl Fnrlii Yiiin, \'i)l. II., p. li'.'li. i The Hull. Uolit'it Siii'iicu, whn .siilweinieiitly l)i'Cttiiio t'ljllectei' i)f ('iiHtiiiiM iit 'I'urulitu. I 3 -(!«- ALDERMEN OF THE CITY OF TORONTO, last- s'' GEORGE'S WARD. Ja/Ttes Pope. Tfu: -nas Dnvi&s ST LAWRENCE WARD. moi^tt sMitt, i :: m .u TORONTO: FAUT AND PRESENT. 20!) and obtained the pai'don of murderers in order to induce tlioni to give false evidence. Tln'se gravis deliijuencies were alleged to have been coni- niitted by Mr. Brown while acting as Secretary to a Comiiiission appointed in 1848 to investigate certain alleged abuses in connection with the Pro- vincial Penitentiary at Kingston. Such foul charges had never before been laid again.st any member on the floor of a Canadian Parliament ; and the astonished legislators gazed in one another's faces in a sbite of mingled bewilderment and incredulity. When Mr. Macdonald took his seat Mr. Brown once more aro.se, tremulous with excitement, to repel the accusa- tions made against him. No one who knew the member for Lambton would have expected him, under such circumstances, to carefully choose his words ; and in good sooth he spoke in language akin to that employed byFauleoii bridge to theDauphin of France. He was frecpiently interrupted liy Mr. Macdonald, whose impassioned and spasmodic utterances seemed to have been culled from the Athanasian Creed. Like Roland and Sir Leoline, " Each spakf words of bi^'h disihiin." The excitement became general, and rose to fever heat. The very atmos- phere of the Assembly seemed to be charged with electricity, ami the Speaker twice called the ofl'enders to order. Suddenly each of the Par- liamentary gladiators seemed to realize the position in which he stood, and the storm subsidetl as ([uicklyas it had arisen. Mr. Brown almost iunne- diately afterwards concluded his remarks, which he was permitted to do without further interruption. He contented himself with declaring that the charges liad not a vestige of truth in them ; that he had taken down tlie Attorney -General's words ; and that he would hold him respon- sible for tliem. He also announced that he would on the following day move for a Committee of Inquiry. Then he resumed his seat. It was felt that calm deliberation was for the nonce out of the ([uestion, and the House broke up for the day, " Until the meeting of the House on the following afternoon, nothing was talked of but the extraordinary ebullition of the night before. Mr. Brown, according to his announcement, moved for a Committee, and the debate on the motion occupied the greater part of the sitting. The Attoi'ney-Goneral, in the course of the discussion, admitted that he had spoken under groat e.xcitement, and that he had no personal knowleilge as to the truth or falsity of the charges lie had made. He justified his at- tack, howeve)', upon the ground that liis feelings liant of the session which had special reference to Toronto was a motion by .Mr. .lohn Sandlield Macdonald, meinlier for (iiengarry, who iiitrodueed and ear- T ► n«- -♦Kh-a TORONTO: PAUT AND PRESENT. 211 ried throiiirh the xVssonibly a motion in favour of discontinuing the alter- nate seat of (iovernnient .system. Tliat .sj'.stem wa,s eertai'dy attended with many disadvantages, and entailed great expense and ineonvenience. No one doubted that it would have to he abandoned, but sectional jeal- ousies ran very high, and it would have been impossible to obtain anything ap|)roaching a unanimous vote in favour of any perman-mt capital. Lower Canadian influence wa.s for the time— as it was at many other times — in the asccidant, and on the IGth of April the Assendily resolved, by a vote of (i4 to 51!, that after 18.59 Quebec .should be the permanent capi- tal of Canada. This resolution, as will be perceived by reference to the newspapers and histories of the pei'iod, indirectly led to the displacement of Sir Allan Mae Nab and the elevation of Attorney-General Macdonald to the dignity of i'remier. The permanent location of the .seat of ( lovernment was not yet consununated. though it began to be apparent that Toronto, owing to her westerly position, was not likely to be the favoured spot. Tile number of persons engaged in some of the various trades anil pro- fessions in Toronto during the vi^ar 18.j(j are thus set down in iJrown's City Directory for that year: Accountants anil land agents, 18; arclii- tects, 11 ; artists, l.S; bakers, .'17 ; bankers, II ; barristers ami .solicitors, 108; ba.sketmakers, '2; blacksmiths, !)(> ; bookbinders, 8 ; boot and shoe- makers, 240; builders, (ifi ; butchers, GO ; brassfoumlers, 4 ; brewers, 1.5; bricklayers, !t| ; biickmaker.s, 55; brushnuikers, 5; cabiiietmak(!rs, 82; eai)mon and proiirietors, .'l.S ; carpi'iiters, 4!)() ; cai'riagemakers, IG ; carters, 1 37 ; chemists ano druggists, 24; civil engineers and siu'Vcyors, 2.S ; clerks, 11!) ; clergymen of all denominations, 57 ; confectioners, 28 ; clock and watchmakers, 10; coopers, 23; cutter.", 4 ; ilre.ssmakers and milliners, G2 ; dry good.s merchants and importers, 103 ; edge-tool makers, .S ; engineers, 48 ; gardeners, 01 ; groceis and provision dealers, 255 ; hair- dre.s.sers, 23 ; labourers, 8!)2 ; laundresses, 40 ; machinists, 27 ; mariner.s, 45 ; ma.son.s, 51; miller.s, 5 ; millwrights, 5 ; piiinters, 84 ; physicians, 3G ; plastciers, 42; plundiers, IG ; prir.ters, 73; .sadillers, 18; sean\stre.sses, 14; shipwrights, 5 ; soap and camllemaker.s, 15 ; tailors, 203; tailoresses, 31 ; tannc^^, 2 ; tinsmith.s, 37 ; Mnners, 14 ; waggonnuikers, 21. This statement, which is not (piite v\yi..pletc, shows, when elassilieil, 427 professional men, IG8I mechanics, auil 2001 indiistri other than mechanical person.s. The iuatcrial for pu'.ely local \s i y diu'ing this period is very frag- mentary and miiiiite. In I85G Mr. .lohn llexcrley Robinson succc(>ded Mr. Allan as Chief Vn.gistrate of the city. The popidation at tliis time wa.-' about 45,000. It wa.^ olwcrvable, however, that conrnerc" was less progressive than might have been looked for, and that there wxs a tight- k T" .- fm it^^""^ illfi 212 MEMORIAL VOLUMh. eniiiLf of the money market. This Viecamc more ainmrcnt after the at among tlu- labouring cli.s.ses, with a corresponding amount of drunkenness, vice and crime. Tliere is good I'casou to bidieve that several persons died fi'oni sheer starvation. l'"or tlie first time in Toronto's history her .streets swarmed with mendicants. The editor of the Co/o/ns/, in the nundior f.)r August 4th, thus; comments on what he calls the lieggar- nuisance ; " Pass where you will, and as often as you will, you are beset with some sturdy applicant for alms. They dodge you round corners, they follow you into shops, they are to be found at the church steps, they arc at the iloor of the tliealie, they infest the entrance to every nank, they ci'ouch in the lobby of the post-ollice, they assail you in every stri'ct, knock at your private residence, walk into your place of business, and beard you with a portinaci'y that takes no denial In thi.-i our good city of Toronto, beggnig has assumed the ilignity of a craft. Whole fnnnlii's sally forth, and have their appoint(M| rounds ; children arc taught to dis- ► o-^ w TORONTO: PAST AND PliESENT. 213 soluble, to tell a lying tiile of misery and woe, and to beg or steal as occasion oHers." The thing was so glaring that it forced itself upon the attention of strangers. " I am surprised," writi's a correspondent of the New Yo"k Herald, "at the number of beggars in Toronto. You cannot go into the streets without annoyance from them. If two persons stop to speak, they are sure to be joined in a few seconds by a beggar." Hy reference to the Police Register, it apjiears that no fewer than 4,!)i)() persons, being actually one-ninth of the city's entire population, were arrested and taken before the Police Magistrate during the year 1H57. Of this nundjcr 3,071 were males and 1,()2"> females, of whom 2,031 males and G73 females were classed as "drunk and disordei'ly," and it appears that a large projwrtion of the remainder were due, directly or indirectly, to indulgence in strong drink. The gaol record for the year was such as might bi' anticipated from the state of tl. • uioral and com- mercial atmosphere. The number of commitments was l.ilOG, of whoiu 1,311) were nuiles and ."iilO females, a very large proportion of whom owed their degradation to intemperance. The pietui'e is far from an attractive one, and there is no iiulueemont t) linger over it. The advent of bi'ighter times ushered in a very pcreci'ti- ble change for the better, and when trmle resumed its normal comlition our streets ceased to be suggestive of ])overty and mendicancy. The nuvtter, however, was one rec[uiring time for its adjustment, and if was not till IM.V.t that liusiness resumed a heidthy appearance. The number of houses in the city in l.s.">7 was 7,1'7,31() were boys, and the remaining :J,233 girls. The avei'age school attendance for the entire yeai' was only 1,S(')3, of whom 1,023 were lio^s and iS40 weri> girls, Mr. Ure, in his " Handbook of Toronto," published in the following year, echoes the despair of the Su|)erintendent of Kducntion at this unproh)is- ing stat(> of things. " i'lie highest numlier present," he writes, "in all the .schools w'. any one timi" during the year IS."i7 was 2, -132 -1,373 boys and 1, ()'»!) gills, This speaks rather unfavouraiily for our free school system. Witli a. school population of at least 7,'>00, taking the low aver- I*- i I m 214 MEMORIAL roLVME. ajjfe of one child of school age to each house, we have a Free Schot)l Register of ^..^^S, and froni tliat list an average attendance of only l.iHd.S. It is no wonder that tlie Superintendent is forced to the conclusion that the result of the experiment of free schools is anything butencoiiragiiig or satisfactory. In IS-H', with a pojiuiation of 1r:i'i^ the deticiency of the .system is most appar- ent, the average attei.l^ '.ng iri no way connnensurate with the many facilities and inducement. m 'ire held ut by tiiese free schools. In a linancial point of view the system is a failure, for while in ltS44 the cost of tile city .schools was £I,B77 for 1,1!)4 pupils, or at the rate of CI. lOs. per head, in 1H57 the cost of the schools wa.s .tG,l)54. 2s. lid, for 1 ,.'S(!.'l pupils, or tS 5s. per head. In 1X44 there were oidy twelve teachers employed ; in 1X57 the lunnber was tlurty-six . so tiiat with a gross population more than double that of 1,S44, and a threefold complement of teachers, the nundiei' of children taught has not ver}' greatly increased ; certainly not ill a (•orresponding ratio with the facilities provided." Tlie Mayor for 1H57 was Mr. John Hutchison, a well-known whole- sale merchant of those days, who for some years sat in the I'ouneil Its an Alderman for St. James's Ward, in 1.S5S Mr, William Henry Houlton, ot tile Orange, succeeiled to the Civic dignity, but did not serve out his full time. On the IStli of November he resigned olliee. and was succeeiled by Mr. Havid Hreckeiiridgi' Head, (}. ('., an eminent banister, who represented St. Patrick's Ward. Mr. i{ead has for neiirly fifty yeai's been a well known icsident of 'roioiito, and his genial face and roliust ligure, which present few indications of advanced years, are familiar lo most readers of tlu>se |tage.s. It was during tiie summer of this .same year (lH5iS) that the famous " Douiile Sliiitlle " occuried, tiie particulars of which may ln^ biietly stateil. It forms u notable chapter in the political iiistor}' of Canada, i»ut as it occurred here, in our very midst, some account of it in these pages will be not inappropriate. -♦ttawa as the seat of (lovernment, were not pre[)ared to defeat the Admin- istration, and thereby jilace the reins of power in the hands of Mr. Hrown. The motion was defeateil by a majority of eleven, and the Oovernment policy was thus fully sustained, but as the majority was derived from Lower Canadian votes, and as a decided majority of I'pper I'anailian mem- bers voted against the Ministry, Mr. Maedonald and his colleagues deemed it best to resign their places. Their resignation to(»k place on the iJlUh of •Inly. Mr. Ilrown was accordingly entrusted with the task of forming an Admiuistnition, and on the L'nd of August lu' announced to Sir Kdmmid Head that he had comiilcted his arrangeuients. The new Ministry called the Hrown-Dorion Ministry, from the names of its res|ieetive leaders from the two sections of the Province were sworn into olliee at noon of the '2nd of August 'I'he membership was ^H^MT-TflJ ,K.l^ 4 4- 0A 21G MEMORIAL VOLUME. very incongruous, and even under tlie most favotn'iilile circiimstanecs it ee attendant circumstances were far from favourable. A motion of want of contidence was immediately cari'ied against them by a considerable majority in both Houses. Mr. Hrown, the Premier, thereupon appealed to the Governor-General for a dissolution of Parliament, upon the ground that the existing Parlia- ment did not truly represent public o{)iniun in the country. His Kxcellency declined, " after full an|iHr ioi- to M. ('afterward Sir George) Oartier, who had a very large I'arliaiuontary following in the Asseud)ly. The Gover- nor acted upon the suggestion, and M. Cartier responded favourably. Me formed a Ministry almost entirely from the gentlemen who had resigned a week piiiviously, and of whom ho himself had been one. In fact, the (i.iverni .'Ut then formed by M. ( 'artic was in all substantial respects the .same as the one that liail gone out of ottice on the 29th of July. Vet, though this was practically a resumption of oftice by the ex-Ministry, the uiembersdid not return to their constituents for re-election. This was a violation of tlie sjiirit of the li'dependenct! of Parliament Act of 1S57, which enacted that whenever any person holding any of the principal niiiusterial ollices, and lieing a member of the A.ssembly or an elected nieuiberof the Legislative (Vnuicil sho\iid resign office, and within a month thereafter accept any other ministerial oflice, he should not thereby va- cate his seat. The enactment had beot A TOliONTd: PAST AND FBESENT. 217 Cartiei- Government at this juncture. They accepted difierent offices in tlie new (lOvermiKUit from these lield hy tliem in the old one, hut almost immediately afterwarrls resumed their former portfolios. While there was thus no breach of the express letter of the statute, its spirit hod heen plainly violated, and thougli the Assembly supported the new Ministry in their proeedm-c, the moral sense of the community pronounced a<,'ainstit, end probably no constitutional authority of the present day would at- tempt to defend it. In order to test the legality of this Double ShutHe, as it was called, actions were brouglit in the Superior Courts of Upper Canada against three of the Ministers concerned, but as there had been no express violation of the letter of tlie law, the juilges exonerated the de- fendants from lialiility. Such is the not unedifying story of the Double ShutHe. An interesting extract descriptive of our city and her sti'eets at this time may be taken from " Life and Liberty in America ; or Sketches of a Tour ii\ tlie I'nited States and Canada in 18."i7-uebee, though rival- ling the one anil exceeding the other in trade or ))o|)ulation, is liuilt upon the American principle, which loves tht^ economy of straight liruis, a.s.serts tlie necessity of system, prefers the che.ss-board to the maze, ami the regularity of art to the ])ictui'es(iue irregularity of nature. It is first the plan and then the city ; not the city in the first instance, to grow after- wards, or to cease to grow as it pleases, as was the case with all cities more than two hundred years old, " Th L'rooked streets ne.ss he continues, "are long and straight, 'i'here is no more them than there is in I'hiladelphia; and they all run at right angli>sto the lake. One of them— York Street -is .su,,('oseil on the map to BB •(i«- Mf^i 218 MEMORIAL VOLUME. stretcli away, straighter than an arrow's flight, to Lake Simcoe, nearly forty nules distant." This, of course, is a mistake of Dr. Mackay's, who doubtless meant to indicate Yonge Street, instead of York Street. " There is," he proceeds, "a Yankee look about the whole place which it is impossilile to mistake; a pushing, thriving, business-like, smart appearance in the peo- ple and in the streets ; in the stores, in the banks, and in the churches I could not but observe, too, that there was a much larger predominance of Scotch namos over the doors than I had previously seen in any city of America. Looked upon from any part of itself, Toronto does not greatly impress the imagination ; but seen from the deck of one of the ferrv steamboats that ply at regular intervals between the city and the long, low strip of a peninsula that, at a distance of four miles from the shore! protects the harbour, it has all the air of wealtli and majesty that belongs' to a great city. Its numerous church spires and public buildiuirs ; its wharves, factories and Uill chimneys, mark it for what it is, a thriving place." It will be observed that the distance from the main shore to the peninsula is very inaccurately stated at four miles, the real distance being less than two miles. -(!♦- -- TORONTO: PAST AND PHESENT. 219 ClIAPTEll ^ I. NKW MODE OF KLF.CTINc; THK MAYOH. — FfNAL KEM*»VA1, OF THK GOVEKN.MKNT KKUM TOKONTO. — THE KEKOItM CONVENTION (»F IS.'iO. — THE ".lOINT AUTHOIUTY " RESOLUTIONS. — VISIT OF THE I'KINCE OF WALES. — ENTHUSIASTIC DEMONSTKATIONS. — THE ANDEKSON E.XTKAIHTION CASE. — MUKDEK OF .lOHN SHERIDAN HO(iAN. — DEATH OF WILLIAM LYON MACKENZIE.— DEPARTURE OF SIR EDMUND HEAD. — LORD MONCK. — DR. RUSSELL AND ANTHONY TROLLOF'E. J^-f N liS59 a new mode of clectinj^ the cliiof magistrate came into operation. By the Upper (^'anada Municipal Institutions Act of the previou.s year* it had been enactey compara- tively fi'W indi\ iiluals, and those few could not in any sense be said to represent pui'lic opinion in our city. In isvery other particular the visit of His Royal Highness wa.s a brilliant and even splendid ailiiir. We have * ■* " TORONTO: PAST AND PRESENT. 221 •since liad more than one uruinl display of decorations ami illuminations, but never has Toronto presented so truly charming and deliglitful an asi)ect as during the brief interval between the 7th and 12th of Septem- l)er, 18()0. For this the public were entirely indebted to the liberality of the citizens, and tlie energy and good taste of the various coiip ' es of arrangements, for the atmospheric conditions were decidedly unfavourable. The sky during a considerable part of the time was dark and lowering, and there were several lieavy downpourings of rain. But there had been ample time for prei>aratioii, and neither trouble nor expense was spared to make the occasion one to be long remembered. The Glohr of the Sth indulged in some rather lo.id description of the city's appearance on the day of the Prince's arrival, but no one who witnessetl that event can conscientiously .say that the account is exaggerated. The day wa.s refer- red to as " the brightest in the annals of Upper Canad.a "— the adjective being presumably employe I M 222 MEMORIAL VOLUME. extemleil but far from adequate account of tlieni, the reader is referred to any one of the several volumes speciailj devotetl to the Prince's tour in Canada. The newspapers of the following morning referred with unpre- cedented enthusiasm to the events of the previous day, and more especially to the splendid appearance of the streets at night. " Many a year hence," remarked the Globe, " it will be told that on that day the lieir-apparent to the British Tiirone made his public entry into the chief city of the Western Province, and received a welcome surpa,ssing in magniticence and enthusi- asm all the public ovations ever before witnessed in the New World. . . No pen could adequately describe the unbounded enthusiasm of the joyous multitude assembled to greet their future Sovereign on the banks of Lake Ontario. Nor will anyone who witnessed it ever recall without thrilling delight the magnificent spect.iclc presented when the Prince stepped from his vessel and took his seat on the Throne amid the thundering cheers of the vast concourse piled up in the noble amphitheatre around him. The illumination of the city at night was a very grand sight, for suii^assing, it is believed, any similar demonstration ever witnessed on this continent. Particular buildings may have been illuminated elsewhere on a grander scale, but as a wlmle it is doubted if the display of that night was ever excelled in America in extent, variety, an drew towards its clo.se, public attention in Toronto, and to a less degree all ovev the Province, was concentred on the Anderson Extradition case, some account of which has found its way into all our histoiies of Canada. The circumstances which gave rise to this cdiifie ceUbi'e were brietly as follow. In lcS.53 a coloured slave named John Anderson escapeii from bondage in the State of Missom-i. Being pursued by one Diggs, who .sought to capture and deliver him back to bondage, he .slew the invader of his liberty', and, after many extraordinary adventures, finally made his way to Canada. More than six years elapsed, when, in the month nf April, ISGO, he was recognised by a hun.an bloodhound who had tracked him to this country, and who caused his arrest for the murder of Diggs, with a view to his ext'adition under the Ashburton Treaty. Hardly ever has public feeling in Canada been more thoroughly aroused. The pre.s.s, from Sandwich to Giasp<^, took up the matter from day to day, and meetings were held in scores of towns ami villages throughout the Province. Funds were sub.scribed to engage the ablest legal talent in the hind, to oppose this attempt on the part of a slave-holding republic to procure the extradition of a man whose only offence was that he had committed homicide in defending his own lllierty. The public interest in the question was little less keen in the United States than in Canaila, and erelong the excitement .spread to England where the subject was a i)regnant theme of discussion in the principal London Journals. .1^ t *ll^l*'- . 224 MEMORIAL VOLUME. if>\ The jiulicial action in this sensational drama ('-'utri'il ,it Toronto, wlu'ic, in Micliaclinas Titiii, LSdO, tlie escajioil slave Jolm Aml.'rson was lirouj^'lit before the Court of (Queen's liench o;i a writ of /mhens J0/7. ('•-■. After the case had been argued liy some of the leading eounsel in tln' [irofession, Chief .lustiee Robinson and Judge Burns decided for the surrender of the prisoner. Tlie other .judge of the Court — Mr. Jiistiee ^!(•LeaIl - dissented from this view, but of coin-se Judgment was pronounced according to the decision of the aiajority. The decision, however, pro- d.ueed great dissatisfaction throughout tlie land, as it seemed to recognise the alleged rights of the sla\eholder. The excitement rose li, a greater height than ever, and tlxjse who eared more for Justice than for techni'- alities resolved that Aiulersun's liberty and life shouhl not lie sacritiecd. if the sacritice could possibly be avoided. A writ of Imheux nTpii'^ was ol)tained fiom the Court of Queen's Hench at Westminster to bring Anderson's body before the judges there, where the decision in his favour was a foregone conclusion. For a short time it sec-ied as thuugli a con- flict W!us inevitabli! between tiie Court at Westniin ter and the Court at Toronto, for the latter could not be e.\pected t.i submit without protest to any intertereuee on the part of the Kngli'li tribunal. Wlmt the result might have ''cen iiad the conllict iieeii t.)uglit out is hai'd to say, but means were happily found which aceomnlislu'd the double purpose of pre- venting any continuance of the discu.ssion, ami of relieviug Amlerson from his exceedingly unpleasant position. A writ of Idthi'ii" i-iirpni was issued from the Iji |ier Canadian Court of <'ommon I'leas. and that tribunal, witliout entering into tiie merits of the i|Uestioi\, s^t tlie prisoner at liberty upon a techniei*lity. No reader of these pages vho lived in Toronto at tiiat time can have forgotten the rijoicings which were heard on eviry hand wiien it liecame isiiown thut Ancessity fur further labiiur. The subscription was eminently successful, and a sum was raised which, if propiM'ly atlmiuisti^ied, would havi- gone far to |)rovide for his future wants. Mut any assisUmce rendereil him hud to lie hedged lound with great care, lest he should tal;" mo: lal oHencc and refuse to touch it. There .seems to have been a want of melhoil in carrying out some of t ►n-»- a. TORONTO.- PAST AND PRESENT. 227 the fletails, and a good deal of the money was doulifless frittered away. Aho\iHC and lot were, however, procured for him on Bond Street, and he removed thither to live out the two or three sad years yet remaining to him. A considerHhle sum was loaned to him hy the sul>scri|)tion com- mittee — of course without any idea of ever receiving the amount again from him. But he was then in dolit, and apart of the loan was employed by him in relieving himself from his lialiilities. While the remaining portion lasted it was doubtless of material assistance to him in enabling him to stave otf th ' inevitable ; but it diil not last long, and he was again in sore need. His physical and mental powers gradually succumbed to the grievous burden he had borne .so long. He finally refused to take any medi- cine, or even to take ordinary precautions to prolong his life. Slowly and sadly he sank into his grave. He died at his house on Bond Street on the 28th of August. He was sixty-six yeai-s and five months old at the time of his decease. " His career," a.s the present writer has said elsewhere, "is one which can by no means be held up to unqualified admiration, but he was, accoren more than to most men, a curiously involved and insoluble affair, and he spent most of his days and many of his nights in vain attempts to solve it from the wrong end. His life, no less than his death, was sad and sorrowftd, and Canada may well alford to drop a tear o\ei' the grave of the man who, rash and wrong-heai' d .s he was, never cejvsed to be zealous for Canadian lib- erty and popular rights.* As the seat of Cloveiiiment was no longer in Toronto, there is no neces- sity for entering into any minute details respecting the aduunistration of pidilic affairs duiing this jieriod. It may as wi'll be mentioned, however, that Sir Kdmund Head ceased to direct our colonial ship of sUite on the S+th of October, IMOI. He suirendered the reins of Ciovern- ment to his successor. Lord Monck, and bade a final ntlieu to our shores. The (Uohf had m^ver forgotten or foigiven what it doubt- less regarded as his tergiversation in 1M")7, and it sent the following sinister blessing after him : " Sir Ednnuid Head ilejiarts, leaving liehind him a worse reputation than any of his predece.s,sor.s, not excepting • Till l-iift t'lirlii Yfnrr, XA. II., |i|i. ; Church of Uome, 12,i;{.'); Established Church of Scotland, 2,8!).S ; Free Church of Scotland. 2,480; United Presbyterian, 1,231 ; Wesleyan Methodists, .5,022; Episco- pal Methodists, 1,14!); New Connection Methodists, 2.S0 ; other Methodists, .52.5 ; Hajitists, 1,288 ; Lutherans, 107 ; <'ongregationalists,820 ; Quakers, 17; Bible Clnistians, 23; Christians, 7!l; Second Ad vcntists, 47; returned merely as Protestants, !,0(i!f; Disciples, 117 ; Jews, 1.53; IJniversalists, 41 ; Uni- tarians, 10.5 ; Mennonitesand Tunkei-s, .5 ; no creed given, 14.S ; other creeds not classed, 230. The inciease in population during the |)rece(ling ten years had thus been aiiout forty-four per cent. It mny be mentioned that this sanu« ycai- (IHOI) witnessed the establishment of the Toronto Street Railway. An olisiTvant visitor to Toronto at this time was l)r. \\'illiaiii Howard Russell, the veteran newspaper correspondent of the liomlon Timrs. "The city," writes he, "is so very surprising in the extent and ex- cellence of its public edifices that I was fain to write to an Ameri- m-ii-*- TORONTO.- PAST AND PRESENT. 229 can friend at New York to come up ami admire wiiat hail been tlone in architecture under a monarchy, if he wished to appreciate the hor- rible state of that bianch of the line arts under his democracy. Chur- ches, cathednils, market, post-oflice, colleges, schools, mechanics' insti- tute, rise in iihperial dignity over tlie city ; but there was a visible de- terioration in the beer and billiard saloons, and the drinking exclianges. The shops are large, and well furnished with goods, and trade even now is brisk enough, considering the time of the year. . . . In this winter time the streets are tilled with sleighs, and the air is gay with the carol- ling of their bells. Some of these vehicles are exceedingl}- elegant in form and finish, and are provided with ver}- expensive furs, not only for tlie u.se of the occupants, but for mere display. The hor.ses are small, siiiriteil animals, of no great pretension to beauty or breeding. The people in the streets are wcll-dre.ssed, comfortabKidooking, well-to-do — not .so tall as the people in New York, but stouter and more sturdy-looking. Their winter brings no discomfort, for fuel is abundant and not dear, and when the wind is not blowing high the weatlier is very agreeable." Anthony Trollope visited us in the autumn of ISdl. He recorded liis impre.s.si()ns of our city in his well-known book entitled " North Amer- ica," after the following fa.shion : " Toronto, as a city, is not generally attrac- tive to a traveller. The country around it is Hat ; and though it stands on a lake, that lake has no attributes of beautj'. Large inland seas such as these great northern lakes of America nevei- have such attributes. . . . The streets in Toronto are paved with wood, or ratlier plankeil, as are those of Montreal and t^tuebec ; but they are kept in better order. I .should say that the planks are first u.sed at Toronto, then sent down ijy the lake to Montreal, and when all bu^ rotti'il out there, are again floated off by the St. Lawrence to be u.sed in the thoroughfares of the old French capital." This, if .somewhat hard upon t^ueliec, is highly flatter- ing to Toronto. Hut there is no rose without its accompanying thorn. Our author goes on to inform us that if the streets of 'J'oronto are better than those of the other towns, tlie roads rt)und it are wor.se. " I liad the; lionour," he writes, "of meeting two distinguished mend)ersof the I'lovin- cial I'arliament at dinner some few miles out of town, and, rtiturning back a sliort time after they had left our host's house, was glad to be of use in picking them u\) from a ditch into which their carriages had been upset. To mo it appeansd all lad. miraculous that any carriage shouhl make its way over that loail without such misadventure. " 1- 2.10 MEMORIAL VOLUME. CHAPTER VII. •4'1 DEATH OK THK I'HINCE CONHOKT. — SYMPATHY I'OK THE gllEKN. — MILITARY ENTHISIASM IX TORONTO ARISIN(i OUT OK THE "TRENT" AKKAIH.— SOITHERX REKl'OEES. — YEARK OK TKOS- TERITY. — THE KENIAN RAID AT FORT ERtE.^ — A SAD SINDAY EVENIXO IN TORONTO. — THE HONOURED DEAD. UST before 1861 gave place to 1862, news reaclied Canada of the affliction that hiul been sustained by Her Mnjesty on the ■ fv. - Ill" ' Hth of December, in the death of the Prince Consort. In - ^4. Toronto the news evoked much sympathy for the Queen in ^^ her sad l>ereaveinent, and not a few seemed to regard the mat- ter almost in the light of a personal deprivation. The Hags about the city, including that at the office of the American consi'.i, were hung at half-mast. The newspapers throughout the Province, almost without CAception, tlisplayed the usual insignia of grief in tho form of turned rules. On the following Sunday, sermons of condolence with Her Majesty were preached in several of oui- city churches, and from every puljiit in Toronto petitions on her behalf ascended to the 'J'hnme of the Most High. All hearts went out to the widowed Queen in h.er great sorrow, and more than one kindly-meant expression of sympathy was despatched to her across the Atlantic during the closing day." of the year. Scarcely had Lord Monck assumed the duties of his high office ere he was called upon to exercise to the utmost sucli diplomatic talents as lie was possessed of The sei/.ure of Messieurs Mason and Slidell from the IJritish mail steamer Trnit, by Captain Wilkes, of the United Statt'S navy, threatened to involve the republic 'u war with (ireat Hritain. Such a conflict would of course have been attended with momentous conse- (piences to this Provmce, which would have been the piincipal battle ground, The seizure rou.sed a thrill of indignation in Canada, which was inteiisitied three-fold by the attitude assumed by the I nited States press and people. Wilkes was ff'teil, even by sensible and moderate- minded Hostonians, as though he had achieved eternal fame for his country's Hag It was a time when the utmost tact and discretion were rc(|uired on the part of all tlwjse in authority. Our new ( lovcrnor-tJencral t Ml-*- -' TORONTO: PAST AND PRESENT. 231 played his part with great good sense, and fully justified the confidence reposed in liini at the Colonial otfice. The exultation of ("aptain Wilkes's adniirera was of short duration. Happily, the envoys were delivcrod up, and the danger passed by ; but wliile the negotiations were in progress it soomed as though our country would not want for brave defenders. All through the ordeal the average Canadian mind was in a state of ferment. Up to this juncture public opinion among us liad been very- much divided on the subject of the Great Rebellion wiiich the republic had u|)on its Imnd.s. From this time forward an overwhelming majority of Canadian.s declared for the Soutliern cause. While the (piestion of surrender or non- surrender remained still undecided, and war was regarded as a iiy no means remote i)robability, thou.sands of volunteers sprang to arms This patriotic sentiment found strong expression in Toronto, where new volun- teer companies were formed, and numerous representatives of all cla.s.ses of society turned out to enrol their names as recruits, and to learn the mysteries of drill. It may be said that this was the beginning of the military spirit that lias ever since been more or less pereeptil)le among our young men. Toronto at once begun to be regarded in the light of a future military^ centre for Upper I'anada, and, in the event of war, as a large naval station. The papers were full of the subject, t'ntereak down the frail partition, and thereby connect the bay with the lake outside ; aiid this was finally accomiilished one tempestuous night in November, l!sr)M. The gap thus created temporarily do.sed up within a few days afterwards, but was again broken through in the course of the winter, and has ever since been a permanent open passage, varying in form and width from season to season but always existing to a sutticient extent to ati'ord faci- lities for navigation fnmi the east. For the next two or three yeai's there is ver}' little to record in the way of local history. The city, in common with the rest of the Province, had comi)letely recovered from commercial depression, and enjoyed a period of exceptional prosperity. American gold llowc'd into the countr/ in u steady tide, for we were oveirun with agents fi'om across the line who eagerly bought up live stock, poultry, eggs aiul other staple articles of food at high jirices. This state of things was due to the war of secession, which involved the necessity of keeping a gieat army — or rather a sei-ies of great armies — continually in the tield. The demand for produce of all kinds was hugely in excess of t'"> supply, and prices steadily iiu'reasecj. Canailian farmers and dealers reaped a rich harvest, for it was from them that supplies had to be chietly obtained, the raising of produce having neces.sarily been interfered with in the United States by the war. A great many Southern refugees also cimtinued to take up their abode among us, though it can hardly be said that we derivecl much advantage from their presence, as they on several occasions very nearly involved ua in serious intcriuitional complications. Their favourite head(|uarter8 in Canada was \b>ntreal, though Toronto was also the temporary sojo\n'n of many hini- ilreds of them. B'rom 1X0)3 to IMC), then, was a prosperous interlude in Toronto's his- tory. Her trade, wholesale and retail, was in a sound and vigorous condition. In a few instaiutcs considerable fortunes were rapidly accu- mulated, and the mercantile eonuuunity g(.'nerally made large advances U^ i i (I*- i^ -»♦-' ^ -.-■ ^ ■I I TORONTO: PAST AND PRESENT. 233 in wealtli. Although the populatioa increa-sed at an unpreceu>,'lily sensi- ble ami discriminating, and tliere can be no niHTiner of doubt that Toronto has abundant reason for feeling proud of her Queen's Own. It is no reproach to that gallant corps that they were seized by panic at Ridgeway. S-milar experiencfs hi ve befallen more than one regiment of the line, whose aciiievomcnts have since tilled glorious chapters in the history of Etigland. 'J'he military history of every nation, indeed, is full of such instances. The ignonnnious retreat at Bull llun wa« followed by such dee Is of derring-do as Leonidas and his Three Hundred need not have scorned to nehiove. It is the same with the private soldier as with the regiment. The first experience f"f oeiug undei fire is a trial to the nerves of the bravest. Road the personal experiences of young Arthur Wellesley, I'ud a .score of other le.ss known heroes. Tccumsidi him.self, the owner of as dauni'ess a heart as ever beat in human breast, is sp' 1 to have wheeled about and HeJ at the fire of the enci ly on the occasion of his fir.-it hnttle. 'Y\vi (ilohc of Mondaj', the 4-th., gives the following account of the civ- pumstanues attending the arrival of the streamer Citij of Ttivoiito at tlie wharf on the pievious evening, with tiie dead and wounded :— " The vessel was expected to reach Yunge Stn^et wiiarf about 9.30 ]).m. Long before ihat liour, however, a continuous stream of people from e\i'ry i(uaiter of the city poured along our principal streets to- wards the foot of Yonge Street, the steamer's landing place. A com- mon impul.-ic seemed to inllueuee thf) public miuil. Kvery inhabitant .Seemed to e.\perience an iiicundjent duly to render to the dead and woumled representatives of our brave volunteers an unmistakal)le tri- bute of syn)pathy and gratitude. Uieh atid poor, vigour and infirmity, building ynuth and venerable old agi', wen.' each and all represented ill the dense crowd which occupied every available standpoint of the approaches to the wharf on which the vessel was to deposit our deail and nuiimed citi/en soldiers Owing to unavoidable delay and an adverse wind, the .steamer did not reach her landing so early us was e.spected. Towa'ds nine o'clock, however, several hear.se.-, and stretchers borne by soldiers of tht; 47th Regiment, were brought to tiie wharf. A com- pany of volunteers gmirded the entrance to the wharf. 'I ho jMiJiee were actively engaged in keeping back tlu' mon eager and curious of the crowd, while seNcrai meinliers of the ineilieal jirofe.ssion were in reaily attendance to rei:der any service in their power to Hie wounded jwsseiigeis. He- fore ten o'clock she hove in >ight, and sl;ortly uftei' enme to her moorings, We immediately went on board, and a sorry spectacle met our gaze. At -♦IN ^ TORONTO: PAST AND PRESENT. 237 one end of tlie vessel lay arranged together tlie rough cofKns enclosing the dead. Near the other, laid on couches and shakedowns, tenderly and thoughtfully cared for, were the wounded. No word of complaint es- caped them as they were severally removed by strong arms and feeling hearts to the cab or the stretcher as their case might require. Ten were severely wounded, and were carefully .sent to the hospital ; tlie I'emnindei' were .sent to their resjiective houies. While the wouuiled were being thus dispo.sed of, the deail were deposited in hearses and carried to their several destinations. T\v cortiiis in which they were enclosed were formed of rougl> pine timber, the name of the sleeping occupant being chalked on the cover." The dead brought to the city on tiiis occasion were five in ninnlier. They included Knsign Malcolm McKachren, No. .') ( 'ompany, " Queen's Own" HiHes; I'riviite Christopher Alderson, No. 7 Conipauy; Private William Fairbanks 'rompest, N':i. !) Company; Private Mark J)efries, No. 3 Company ; and Prisate William omitli, No. 3 Company. Two other mentbers of the " (j)ueen's Own " were also numbered among tlio honoured dead, iiut as their homes were not in Toronto their bodies were not brought hither. They were Private Mnleolm McKenzie, of Woodstock, and Private .1. II. Mewl.urn, of Drununondville. Both of them were members of No.!) Coni|)any. A i>ublic funeral was accorded to each of them, and suitable memorials have been erected over tliiir remains. Ensign McKachren was the first to fall on the Held of honour Me was well known and highly esteem. mI by a wide circl- of friends in Toronto, and when news of his death reached the city, tears arose unbiiMcn in nuvny eyt s unused to weep. The dead man had been a husband and father, and a chonw of .sympathy for the bereaved wife anil live fatherless childri'u aro^e on eveiy side, It was a foregone coiichision that the city should do lionourto the re- mains of the live gallant Torontoiiians >vlio liad fallen, by according to them a public funeral, with a|)propriate civic and military ceremonials. It took place on the afternoon of Tuesday, the .Hh. The following de- scription of it is adapted from a contemporary pamphlet : - " During the forenoon the boiliesof Corporal Itefiies and i'rivate .Mdi'r- soii wore carried in procession from their lite residenci. to tl;,. (|rill-shed. The flight of steps at the east of the ''.ed an.', the wall behin.l were drape.l in black, and the platform was coii.structe.l in front for the recep- tion of the Collins. Tli.'se were .'.\p.)sed for sexcral h.iurs, t.i allow the citizens to vi.'w the iviiiains.it the gallant men. Tl,. tlin of Knsign Ml* ikLJ pv -»ll 23.S MEMORIAL VOLUME. McKiichion oeciiineil tlio iiiidcllc and front position, covered witli the I'liion Jack ; that of Corporal Defrics was phiced on the right, and that of l^rivatc Smith on the left, each draped with the banners of the respec- tive Oran 'Queen's Own ' who had accompanied their fallen comrades to the city. The pro- cession started from the drill-.shed at y.5(), in the following onh'r: Band of the 47th Regiment. Firing Party. OtHciating ( 'icigymen. Remains of Ensign McEachren, Corporal Defrics, I'rivate Smith, I'rivate Alderson, Private Tempest. MoiuiU'iN : Funeral Connnittee. Third Uattalion of the Fifth Militury District. Privates and Non-commissioned Othcei-s of the Army. Otticers 111' N'oiunt'.'crs, according to rank. Orticeis of the Army, according to ra Maj'ir-Oeneial Najiier, and Stall'. Mayor and Corporation. Citizens on fo(jt. t 'arriages. rank. I 'The procession moved iij) Sinicoc Strt'i't tn King, along King Street to i'Miliumi'Ut Street, and up I'arliament to St. .bimes's Cemetery, the baii I of the 47lh Ivegiment jilayiiig the Dead March, and the bells of the city tolling. An immense concoiirso of people thronged the streets, and evei'y window along the line of marcii wiw crowded by mournful countenances. The Nhn|is were nil closed, imd a majorily nf the citizens woi'e badges of miMMiiing. The pmcession was about half a mile in length. On arriving at the cemetery, the Collins were taken from the catafal(|ue and placed on the steps leading t) the chinch, ami the Moydtown Ritle Cimpany ranged themselvi.'s on each side as a tiring parly. The biiri.il service of the Ml*- '^vT* -»(H TORONTO: PAST AND PRESENT. 239 Chui-cii of Englaml was read l)y tli..- Rov. Mi-. C.rasett, Rector nf St. James's Catlie.lral, tho Rev. Mr. Bo.ldy, Curate of tlie Teiiietery Chapel, and the Rev. Mr. Williams, garrison chai)liiin. Tlie musical service was conducted by Mr. ("arter and the choir of St. James's Cathedral, and con- siste. it is a lesson of devotion to country, which, when deeply learneil by a people, produces glorious re- sult.s. Our lirave fellows died to save our eountiy from lieing overnui by a horde of rolibei-s ; but, beyond that, to preserve to us institutions und lawH, iittiichmeiitN and sympulhies, hopes aid aspirations, all in fact t 1 i\ < \ ■ 240 MEMOlilAL roLUME. tliat is NT»» TIIK t'AI'ITAI. l)l" <»N'rAKI(>.— (tPKNINd orTlli: I'lliST SKSSION OK TIIK KIHST 1M!(»\ INCIAI. I'AUI.IAMKXT (iK ONTAUIO Ml!. llt>\\I,ANI» AI'I'dlMKI* I.IKlTKNANT-dDVKKMil!. — l.nl!l» MONCK SI (( KI'.KKM in sii! .MtiiN V(trN<;. visit or riUNrr. aimiiik. — tiik vukk I'It»NKKI!S. .OR several yours bel'ure tliis timo tlii' great prnjwt of (.Viiifcd- (.Tiitiuii liiul liecii stctidily iuivaiiciiij^ towards inalurity, ami on tlie first of July, 18(i7, tliu lurtliday of tlio New DDiiiinioii wius wlelirati-'d tlirougliout tlic laud witli iimcli fervour and oiitliu- ijjr*', siasni. How inucli of the eiitluisiasiii was duo to tlie accoiu- plishinent of ( 'onfoderation— the H.ture of which was as yet comparatively little understood— and how nnich wtis due to the ilelii,ditful weather and a new national holiday, neeil not he enijuireil into. Tlic fact ri'iiiains that the day was eeU'lirated in Toronto witli many ii|iparent symi)tomsof rejoicing,'. Indeed, the local newspapers of the poriocj refer to theilay a.s heiiij,' marked hy one continued succession of rejoicings. " As the birthday of the Dominion," says the Olnlir, "it was universally hailed. Young and old, male and female, marked the day as a clistinguisheil uno in the history of our city, as well as of the |)oniiiiioii of Canada, ainl kept it accordingly. Kvon heforo the first of duly hail actually commenced, crowds of citizens awaited the advent of the joyous occasion that was to Ik) ushereil in liy a peal from St. .lamos's, the first stroke of the |)onder<)Us liass in the tower of the catheilral liein}; the signal for the I'ejoicings to commence. As this struck twelve at midnight, liontires were lighted at the corners of our principal streets, and King Stri'ct especijijiy, till day- light, wiusone series of heacon lights in lionour of the event. The hells in St. .Jamo.s",s eliocred the merry holiday-makers hy ringing out with all their vigour the National Anthem, Hurrah i'ny Canada,' ' llulo Bri- tannia,' and other airs, .\t the same time rockets and other species of fireworks illuminate.l tiie sky in all directions, and small arms and can- non made tlio night alive with their iniceo-sing uproar. JJutween one -■ Ml*.- J. TORONTO: PAST AND PRESENT. 243 ami two o'clock tlie crowds began to tliin "tf", but some anient citizoas paraded tlic streets till day-break, singing the jjraises of the day." Am might have ln'cn expected, a day iiegiin uniier sncli auspices wa^ celebrati^d witii fitting cntiuisiiisni to its close. There was a complete su.sponsion of Imsiness of all kinds. Early in the morning the houses on the leading thoroughfares were gaily decorated with (lags, and the vcs.sel.s in the harbour were decked out with a profusion of bunting. The wea- ther Wivs very pleasant, the heat of the sun being agreeably tempered by a fre.sh breeze from the lake. The streets soon began to present an ani- mated appearance, with crowds of fieople wending their way in ail ilircc- tions in search of i-ecreation and jdcasurc. From that time till long after dark they were tilled with joyous thousands belonging to town and coun- try. The holiday seemed to be thoroughly enjoyed by all, and nothing unpleasant occurred to mar its festivities. Although many townspeople took advantage of tlu! cheap excursion trips by land and water to s|tend the day elsewhere, their places were more than tilled by " countr}' cousins," who came trooping in from all tpiartei-s. The propeller Amrricii brought over two or thi'ee hundred from St. Catharines, anil the Rofhi'xti ij Ciixtle a goodly nund)er from Hamilton, while the early trains on all the rail- ways brought in thou.sands from the neighbouring country. Th&se .soon spreml themselves over the city, and their hai>py faces could l)e .seen on all sides. The chief excursion out of ilie city was that by the st*'amer ('lill of Torontit to Niagara Kails. In the afternoon the steamer lidtln.ini/ Candi' made two trips around the island, pas.sing out through the i>astem gap, and returning by the western entrance to the harbour. (Jn lK>th occasions she was heavily laden with pas,scngers, who seemed to enjoy keenly the jiure air and cooling breeze of the lake. The steamer //hki/ik/ nuide half-hourly trips to tlu' island, and on each occasion carried over PS many tvs she could accomuiodate. The bay was almost covered with yachts and small boats, and there were many very plea.sant minor excur- sions to points of interest in the neighbouiliood of the city. All the pleasant suliurlis were tliroiigi'il with pic-nic parties during the day. and evi^n up to a late hour in the evening. \ grand military review was held at the review grounds in the north-western part of the city, ami those grounds were the centre of attraction for an innncnse multitude, desirous of witnessing the lirst tieid-day of thi' army of the new Pominion. In the evening an enterlaiinuent was gi\eu in the (jlueen's I'ark, which prescnti'il a tridy sjilcndid appearance from the innumerable t 'hinese lantern.s and other illumimitions which were suspcn residences. There was an imposing display ' \ 4l 244 MEMORIAL VOLUME. of fireworks, ami almost the entire park was crowded. As for the streets, they wei'e thronged with peo])le until past niidnij,'ht. The post-ottiee and some otheiN of our public buildinj^s were illuminated with much taste, several of the desij,'n8 being emblematic of the occasion. A liigh-class concert was given in the Horticultural Gardens, and was attended by more than three thousanportunity of consolidating the party and harmonizing the views of those who were temporarily estranged by the events of late years." Everybody recalls that memorable Convention, whereat the two Re- form members of the new Coalition tiovermnent |)resented themselves by special invitation, and were for the time " leail out of the ranks of the Reform party." The j)roceedings were eontiinied on the 2)Sth, wlu-n a number of important resolutions were passed, and sevei'al gentlemen who have since won high recognition in public life for the first time appeared before the world in the character of politicians. The (h'legales numbered between 000 and 700. The H(m. George Rrown and the Hon. William McDougall weie pitted against each other on the platlbru). and as each of them spoke with even inore than his ordinary elo(pienee luid vigour, it may safely bedeeiare1>tiiiiiiii>{ j"~*t r<'pi'esentatioii for tlii' jnMi|ilt' of I'lijici Canailii, and on thf >^rounil that tlu' compiU't tla-n niaile was for a s[HTitic iiirjisuie and a stiimlated pciiud, and was to come to nil end a> soon as the ineasun- wa-- attained: and wliili; tlie (.'onvention is tlunouj^ldy satis- tied that the Hefonn party has acted in the hest interests of the eountiv hy sustainin<; the (Jovernnient \nitil tlie Confederation measure was secured, it deems it an imperative duty to declare tliat tlic temporaiy alliance I'l'tween the Reform and t'oiiservative parties should now cease, and that no (iovernment will he satisfactory to the people of I'pper Canada which is formeil anil maintained Ky a coalition of p\iMic men holdiiiL; opposite political |>rinciple>. Wlu'n Confederation came int«j existence, Toronto hecanir the capital of the Province of Ontario. The Federal (iovernment appointcil Major- Cieneral Henry William St isted lirst Lieutenant-Uovernoi. He was duly sworn into othce, the duties of which he a.ssunied on the liirthday of the l>oniinion. Our city has ovei' since heeii the seat of the Local (Joviin- nient, and the jilacc of as.seinhlin«,' of the I'loviTicial Parliament. The fn-st Local (Joveriunent was formed l>y the Hon John Sandlield .Macdonald in July, lS(i7. It was a Coalition (mix ernment, and consisted of Mr. Mac- dotuild himself, who was I'remier and Attorney-(!eneral ; the Hon. John Carting, Conunissionerof Auriciihuii' and I'ulilic W'oilv-; the Hdu Sieplun Hichaids, t 'iimmissionci' of Crown Lands; tlie Hon. Ivlmiind liurke Wood, l'ri>\incial Treasuicr ; and the Hun. M.uthew Crooks Cameron, Provincial Secretary ami lleyistrar. The local elections, as well as those i'urllie Donniiion. resulted in the return of a majority of memlM'rs favoiiialile to the ( !o\ ermnent The tirst .se.s.sion of the First I'rovincial Parliane iil of (tntario was opeuiilliy Lieiitenant-(ii)vernor Stisted in the afti nionn of the L'Tth i^f Ueeeiuher, lMi!7. As the occasion was an important one, lieiii^^ ■~iL;iiali/.ei| hy the inaiiijuratioii of a new order of thini,'s in our Provincial politics, it may not he amiss to j,'ive some accoinit of the ceremonial ohsiived. Such an account is easily sUjiplied, for the ditails are LTiven hy the Toronto newspapi'rs of the tiiue with ^'reat minuteness. The ceremony of swear- ini; in the memheis took place lictween one ami two o'clock. The oath was administered hy Mr. Willi.im lleiny Poukmi an 1 t I < -»IH 246 MEMORIAL VOLUME. o'clock, in expectrttion of seeiiiij a lirilliant turn-out upon tlio arrival of tlic Lieutonant-GiiviM-nur. Tin- larijo stops in front of the main ontrancf were crowiii'il to I'XL'fss, liut tlio ]i(ipulact' were prevented from cnterini,' tlic liuiiilinjjf by stalwart hussars, who were pasted at the doors. TIumc were in all hetween two and three thousand sjieetators in attendance, thi' niMJority of whom were of course compellfd to remain outside the liuildinj;. The guard of honour was formed of the lOtli Royals, the IJranil Trunk battalion, and the Queen's (.)wn RiHes. The latter were stationeil at the Governor's residence, on the corner of Portland and Front Streets, where they lemaineil as a guard of honour till his return from the House. The hands of the Royals and of the tJrand Trunk liattalion were also in atten- dance. Between two and three o'clock the scene which presented itself inside the chamlit^r was one of considerable interest. The strangoi-s' gallery was crowded as full of spectators as it could hold. On the floor of the House, in front of the Speaker's chair, were seated Chief Ju.stice Draper, Chief Justice Richards, Justices Adam Wilson, John Wilson, Morrison and Hagarty, Ciiancellor Vankoughnet. V'ice-Chancelloi-s Mowat and Spragge, Sluritf Jarvis, Recorder Duggan, the Reverenil Doctors McCaul, Ryerson, and Harclay, Rural! )ean(irasett. Bishop Lynch, Bishop Walsh, and the Rev. Mr. Janiiit. Among others present on the Hoor of the House were the Hon. Roliert Spence, Mr. R. A. Harri.son, M. P., Senator Christie, and Mr. (now the Hon. Alexander) Mackenzie, M. P. Not for many yeai-s had then! Iwen such a heterogeneous mustering of old and new political and social forces in Toi'onto. The Lriiilfr of the following day took occasion to nii)iali/e on tiie suggestive scene after this fashion: — "Aniongtho.se jireseiit vi'sterday ius spect)itoi-s at the opening of the House were several jucliciai dignitaries who liad themselves, in their day, borne a leailing jtai't in Parliamentary contests. Some of them, it is ))roliable, had not been jiresent at the opening of a session of the i.., j^isiaturc siiice tlieir retire- ment many long years ago; but they camt yesterday toaild Mitt to the opening of a new Legislature for that part of the Dominion whi^^h is identical, in its geographical limits, with the late Province of Upper Canada. Many old recollections nmst havi- lieen revivev the capita' tiiev witlnlrew. 'J'iie suhject is both snj^gestive ami temjiting; hut wc cannot pursue it." Lieutenant-Governor Stisted arrived shortly In-fore tliree o'clock, in his carriage, drawn Viy four liorses. He was received with a royal salute and the playing of the band of the Royals. I'pon arriving in front of the main entrance the carriagi^ halted for a moment, and w.as then driven to the Speaker's private door in tlieeast wing, where the 'Jovernoi alighted and proccedi'd to tlie Legislative ('haniber. He was followed liy a large number of regular and volunteer otticers, togethiT with orticers of the Ciovernnient, the wliole forming a brilliant staff. I '|)on entering the Leg- islative Chamber, his Honour took the eiiair designed for the presiding officer of till! House. The mace was then [ilaced upon the table liy the Sergeant-at-Ariiis, and the Clerk, being in attendaiic-e in his seat, the Pro- vincial Secretary, the Hon. M. C. Cameron, rose and made the announce- nient usually made upon the first a.s.senibling of a new Parliament, to the cH'ei-t that the (Jovernor did not see fit to declare the causes of summoning Parliament until the membei-s had elioseu a Siieaker. The (lovernor then withdrew, the mace was removed from the talile, and the Assembly pro- ceeded to choo.se a Speaker. The choice fell upon Mr. John Stevm.son, member for LeiuK x, who.se candidature was proinwed by the Premier, Mr. Macilonald, and seconded by Mr. ( 'arling, Commissioner of Agriculture and Public Works. The Spc'iiker elect was then duly inducted into his place, and the ceremonial was at an end. The formal opening, and the ilelivery of the Speech from the Throne, took place on the following day. And thus the fii'st Ontario Parliament wa.s started on its ean'er. It sat until the \l\\ of March following. Mr. J. K. Smith was rtveleeted to the Chief Magistracy of Toronto in ISdS, ami occupied that position throughout the year. On the 1 Ith of July, Major-General Stisted ceased to direct th(» ailministration of pro- vincial afl'airs in Ontario. He wiw succeeded by the Hon. William I'earco Howlaiid, one of the most successful and best known of the merchant princes of Toronto, who for .some years previously had taken a leading part in ])<)litical affairs. The .same year witne.ssed the departure of Lord 'lonck, and the arrival of a new Governor-General. Lord Monck's ori- ginal term of office had been extended, in order that the Confederation jiroject might bo fairly launched under his auspices. His services obtained duo recognition at the hands of the Imperial Government, and he wa.s .u 2^.s MEMORTM. VoLUMK. crciiti'd II |ii't'r III' the I'liitnl Kiiiiiduin — lie liail ])ii'\ ioiisiy ln'i'ii iiii'ii'ly •III liisli |)(M'i- -liy tlic title dl' lljiidii Moiick uC HallytniMiiiuii, in tlic ('•iiiity i>t" Wexfurcj. lie irt't ( 'iiiitiilu in .Niivi'Iii'mt ami iluriiii^ tlic siiiiie iiioiitli lii.> siu'i't'ssor niiivi'il, in tlio jm-i-suii of Sir Jnlm Voiiii;,', an irisli liarciMc'i who liail sat in tlio Inipfrinl House of ( 'oinnions for the County of C'avan, aiul liad sul>.sei|uenlly aihninistoivil siicccs-'ively tlic iroM'iiniicnt of tiic Toiiian Islaiuls ijikI of Ni'w South Wales. In the lieijiniiini,' of l.Sdft, Mr. Saiiiuil ItieUertoii ilaiinaii, an nlJ. ami liiileh lespeeteil eiti/en of Toronto, was elected liy the I oiiiu'il to tlic I ivic Chair, lie was rc-(dccto(l in the year foll.)wiii;,'. Owin;; to his ahseiice ill lMi;,'land dariiifj a part of liis second tcim, tin; Council was teiiiporaiily prcsidiMl o\er Ky Mr. ( ieoi'i^e DA rev lioultou. Tlic j;n'at social event of the year IXfi'.t in Tmunto was ilie visit of His lloya! lii^^hiicss I'riiicu Arthur, the third sun of ller Majesty the (,Micen. Till' I'liiiee had iiecn ^^azefted to a corps which was tli '» statioiieil ill ('iiiuidM, and lie reacliey the steadier Vil>l "I I'lifis mi the Ji'nd <( .Vic^^'iist Tin edimtiy was eiiijer io '■' • him wclcoiiie and honour, and a considerulile part of the eiisuiiij,' ■'■■ .nil was spent hy him in )>a\ iiiu' visits In the |iiineipal cities ami towns i>( tiie I •ipmiiiinii. Tnwanls the i-ml nf .ScptemlH'r he reachcii l.oiidim. ilntai'iii. uhere I pem d the l'i'.>\ imial Kxhiliitinii Kiinii Lomhiii hi' proeiided to NiaL,Mra Falls aii'l Hiittiilo. ami took T nonlo in '111 his way hack ti .Montreal, when' he passed the winter with his leLrimeiil He arrived ill Tiirnntn at finir cp'ciock in tin' at'ierminn nf Satiirdiiy, (he :!iid of ()et(iliei. Ky ihr (oeat West, ■in train from llaiii- ijlini. lie was aeecimpanii d li\ the < JnSermn ( iem>ral, l.:id\ ^ "iiiil;; and a iiiimeroiis suite l'reparatii>iis fni his reee|iiist. vied with that held in honour of the Prince "I Wales nine yi'urs lic- fore A iiiimhcr of iimejniticeiit tiiiiinphal arehi's were erected on sonic iif the principal ihoiiiiiohfiiiis, and lie city was i|eek<-'l out in its most pleasiii;; Li'iuh .V deiis,. iiowd including all that was w. althy .iml fa.sli- ioiialili' in Toronto to^etller with miicli that was neither awiiited the iiriiMil of the train at the station, .\rraii},'cinrn'N had hecii maile fof a triumphal pruci's.'ion from the point ^f aiiival to the City Hall, where I lie formal ri'dpl ion was to t«ke place, I'poii the airixul ol (he train. His I'oyal IliLrtiiiess stepped from the plalfotiii iif the railway car. uh'i entered till' carriae;e which had liceii provided foi him. " li>okin;r. I'c- inarked the (iliihf, "every inch a ;;ciilieuiMi " .\» oii the 'H'cnsiun of the I'riiii f WaK'sH \isit ill l.MKI, ilie Ulube iliaUuiced all compel itois in the ! § • t ■» r TOliOM'O: I'AST AM) Plii:,SKNT. 2i!) T ciitliiisias . i.f its wolcoiiii! to tlic cinlMHlicil r(![»r<'sciittitiv(> of rnyjilty. Its rciiclci wiTf fotiiisfllcil to iiuuk tin.' oi'msinii down " witli tlii' iviltlcst of \vi\ ink," aiiKini,' llic ;,'rciit cvi'iits wiiitli Iium' conii- iiml j;oni', iiml wliicli will lie to fnturc ^^iin'iations of llir | \<\i- as lanilniarks in onr liistorv." 'I'lio otliiT nowsiiapiTs ei'liood tlic same strain, and cxci \ liody was in a loyal and a|i[irt'ciativc nioocj, " As a irsiijcnt of 'roinnto," i\- clainu'd Mayor iliiinian. at tlic closi- of tiu' liriliiant ilcnionstration, " I am jiniiicl of it lliis day " 'I'lic rrincr's |iroj,'ri'ss (hroii;,di tlic streets to tlic |)lacc a|i|Miintcd was one I'oiitinnoiis and. iiearty ovation all alon^f tlie route As tlic |iroc'es- sion Htarted on ii, ,■ ay from (lie station, says a conlciniiorary aeeoiint, ' le crowd -^I'lit lip II ijrcat slioiit a slioiit sinh as niii>t liiiv<' conic trom loyal hearts only. And. ilicn jlierc was a inonienl's disoiiler. Tlic I'rinec liad seated iiiinsclf in the earriai^e ; (lie |ieiiple had overwhelnieil till' w hole. e\ ill MS a sea liii aks dow n nil ohsl iiK'tioii'', iiiid rii--hcs ovir (he iin|iroteeted (ields. Aldcinicn wcic snanililiii!.; in ihe niosl iindiu'iiilied manner into their con\e\aiit'es ; order was I'or the nionieni lost ; and .\lr ( 'arr, till' ('ily ( 'Ink . niarslial of the |(rocession, with luilon of olliii in hand, ami wcMiiiii;' the distiiD^niishini; led seail and fa\oiirs, which liceainc Ills |iorlly |picsiiicc so well, issued nnhceded directions till lie was hoaise. ' Order wii.-- scion evolved out of the chaos, and the procession niovcil on. Kveiy wiiicjow on Vonj^i', Kiny anil Market streets was teiiantcil hy as many Jieoplc il> could ^iplec/e tlleliischi^ into the a\ailal>le spiiee lialeoliies Were emwdeil t.. a daii;^eroiiH esti'iit. anil the streets were literiill\ alive willil pic 111 the little joiniiey from the railway station (n tin- ( "i(y Mull llici'i' mii- ai'coiiipanii d hy the delivery of ad dresses to the Oovcllol iind the I'rince, each of whom le-pollded in Hllil- iihle terms. It Wiis reinarkeil ihut the Mayor. Mi llariiian read llic addresses on hehidf 111' tin cili/ciis with ninch niace and di;,'nii\ iii--oniueli tliiit on til" followiiiii inoriiin;^' he vva- coniplimcnled hy llic new^p«pers on his elm nt'.iimi \ poVMIs. .M'lei the dcliverv of lie ilddle--cs. and (he replies then-to. three cheers Well' ;;i»en for (he (^lleell. Sil .John Voiin^;, Piiiuvi AkIiiii. the Lieiitcnanl llovi rnor. iiiidv Yonn;;aiid Mis. Ilowland. r* ^fEMotiiM. roijr.MX. Till' |i;ii ty (lull ii'lnriHil tn llirir i aniiii^i's. iiii--tav fxtiiiili'd uvi r aliniit tinir i|a\ ^, uiiiiini wiiii li liiiir tliric wi's a ciiiitimia] I'lHiinl nt" iicc|itii)iis aiiu t'iNti\ itii'>. " Wln'ii llir liisttii iaii III' sniiic I'liiiin' a^'f •-liall seek iiiati'iial fur liis wmk in till' annals ot' our country, sai i,r cinr i.iki's will foiiii salient iminls, ami mark eras that will not lie ii\ 1 ilmikiil ill tile liistoiy of ( 'aiiatla. . W'eliavc amnnj,' n-. at 'Ills iiiiiiiient H yonii;;i'r son of lier whom we n\v |iroiul to rail our tjtueeii, and ill.' ;;ri>etiii>; witii wliieli we have liaileil his visit is Imt the? lelleetion of the si'iitiiii 'Ut we entertain for tlie lady who is alike his soveiei^'n and • iiir 'iwn The >isii of I'lince Arihiir was lel'eired to as lieaiinjrii sij,'- nitieaiii'i' wiiicli it would h.' ,'i;v,ise to disii'j^ard, " It is asserted," eon- linihd 1 1 Hioi. liy iiiiiiiv 'diroad who are i;;noi'aiit of our ]iosilioii, and l<\ an iMsii^'iiiliciiiii eli<|ue in nui' own I tominioii, aetuiited hy seltisli motives, Ihal oiir wijf'ire and ad vanerineiit ile|ieiid U|'iin niii riiiouiiciiiLj alle^jiaiiee toilreal liniaiM, and .slaiiiii;,' in ^oiue as yel uiidelined direction on our own ies|ionsiliilit \ I'liat such stati men's are untrue wi- have heloie now •>iiow n, and the Ix'ttriii}; of the jieo|ile tow aid-, I'rini'e Arthur makes mani- fest hi'W little elli'i I they ha\i' had ii|imii the |iuMi(' mindnf ( aii-ida Our sentiment'- lowiuds the moili.'i' riiinlry eaiiiiot lie mistaken hy those who seek to know the liiilli, and it i> uiideiiial li' that in whatever form the lutliri' e.iiine'.'lion In t weeli ( li.at Itlltain and her eolonies may 111- lesolxed ii|iii|i li\ those (i)lll|ietent to decide, ( 'alillda \\\\\ he found fol'Clllost aillon^^ those who desire to stren;,'tlien tl.e lies that natural airectioii, natural iim- sistanee similaiily of ideas liiid identity of s,iii|iHthy may Neleet as IichI I'Mleulated to cement the iniiili of the lii'ltish Klil|iil'e." Such remurk.s as these have a s|i.'eiiil si;;nitieanre at the |ii'e.si>iit time. Tliore can he no douhl that tiny I'liMly rc|iicHi*iit<'il the eiirreiil of piihlie o|iiiiiiin ill I 'iiimdii lifteeii yars ny:o There can he ei|unlly little doiiht that pidilie ii|iinion liaa tiitdci';;oni' \ eiy mat i rial advaiieeinenl duriii'.: I he iiili i - val, and that, while ut the pre.s.uit day there is no want ot hearty ^-ood will ill till' lioiiiiniori towai'ls the mother country, there is a wi(leiH|iieud feeliii),' in favour of ti -ttiintrate nntioiinl exinlcnt'e for oiiiMelves. • In Tuesday the Mli the royal pai'v pio iled to Wesluii where the I'rilU'e eut the 111- t sod of the TolDlllo (iiey aiel llruee Kaiiwav. (hi (he iiiorniii^' of Wcdiii'sdav , till' ilth, tiny took (hell de|iar(uie from anion;,' us, and |iiiicuedc(l cactwiinl, w hillicr it in uiincconHiir) that wc Hhoiild lolluw ihem ■•• "♦f" TORONTO- I'AST AND I'HE.SENT. 2-)l It was limine; tlii'- -amo yi'iii IS(1!I lliiit the .sociotv known as 'lie \\>\k I'ioiu'cis was ruuiKled. Tiic olijcct. of its fdumlat i,>n, ns statcil in its cdh- stitiiticm, was " fur tlu' imrpose of niorr intimately uniting in fiiemlly relations tliose wlio are natives of. or wlio cinij^'rateil to, the original County of York, in the former I'ruvinci' of I'ltpcr ( 'anaila.ur to tiiis ritv jirevioirs 111 its incorporation, March (ith, I.S.'1+, ami change of nami' iVoni York to Toi-onto, aii^l their ilescenthmtH on attaining the age of forty yi'ars ; and for ]ireser\ing and jierpetuating, hy re.|iiiiilication ami other- wise, siieh hisloiical recollections ami incidents, documents and pictorial illustrations ndating to the early settlement -of this c, ,nity and city as aforesaid, as are worthy of liejng rescued from oMivion ; and hy the con- tiiliution of eommnnicalioiis on these and kindred sulijeels to he read at the meetings of the Society, and afterwards printed in the pnMic journals and otherwise." The H,ssoeiatioii holds meetings on the lirsl Tiiesdav of every month, in the huilding of the Canadian Institute, on lliehmond Street Kast The list of memhership includes alioiii lour hnmlred names, iiu'luding ihosi" of some of our leading local historians and topogiiiphers. itgim im 252 MEMOlilAL VOLUME. ("ilAITKK l\. t\\-S I N\ Kii.iNti or I'lii: \iii.INI i;i;i; mom micm'. iiii; iii;i;(ii;s i um- MivMoi! \Ti.ii i;v ir. roMMKUriAi. ('i!0»;i;i;ss (•!■ iiii; ( tin . Asi-r.i r UK iiii: mukiis. \ .M(ii>i,i;n lUtu.i.Mis un "ixmm; ;iN(;." I'lir. rh.Nsrs ()i- |s7l. a m;\\ MiMsrisv in ontaui o. liAI'llt AltVANtl'. IN I'dlMl.AlinN AM» MKllCANIII.i; IMI'OI!!'- ANCK. i.iii;i> i.isiiAU SMI i:i;iti;i> itv i.(>i;i> in iii'.kin. iiir. iiuN. II. A. MAI noNAl.lt lir.roMKs l.l Kl 1 ICN AM' i.O\ KJiNi i|; or ON- lAKIO. \ll Nil ll'AI. All \ll;s. i'jlW^'^l. I'lFKUKNc 'K lias linii niailc nn a fdiincr |i.il,'i'* \" tlic inniui- llli'llt ftrctnl in tile <,>lli'rll's I'lulv tn tile llli'inury iil' till' vir- tiiu.s 111' till- Kfniiin laiil mi the Niiiwiiia ficintiri' in .liiiir. lS(i(i. Tlic jiiililic niiM'iliii;^ ul' tliis inniiiiiiii'iit tmiU |>Imi'i' on (In- Ay) riiiii'tli iinnisiTKiii'v of tin- liiitli i>l' tin- |ii>niini<>n tin' liist <>t' tl^P^ R' .liilv. IS70 Tl |c- nli'llinliS »VUS jii' irnnili.l lis His K\t'ii|.'ni\ tl (liivi'i'iiiir-i i 'III rai. wlm was tln'ii dii u \isi( t<> 'l'nr>>iitii. Iiiiiin'ilialrly at'tir till finiriiil lit' llir Ihhm' iiirn wlm fill at |{iilL,'i'way. a ciiiniiiitn'c was I'liniirii ill 'rmiiiitii I'nr tlw |)iii|iiisi' nf |iiii\iiliiiy; sunn- |ii'riMaiiriit was a)i|iiiiiit- rt 111' Iriliiiti' I'l tlirii iiii'iiioiA'. Ol'tliis c'iMiimittii' l>r. Mit'aiil I'll ( 'liaii man, an I Mr. ( ' S. ( i/owski, 'rri'a^in !• I'liin till' i'i'|iiir Mr..l.l> l')ili,'iir, Iliiiiiiiaiy Srcii'tary In tliis Ciuiimitti'r. it a|ii>i'ars that ilnnilliiill^ Will' li'criMil fliilll I'M'iy I'luvilUr nf (111' |)nlllilliiill, finlii till' ( 'iiiint \ ( 'nimcils uf N'nik, IVrl, lliiinii ainl liaiiilitnn, IrniM tlir ( 'ity t 'niinril iifTiiinntn, aiiil fmni si'vi'ial lnwn.slii| iiiicils. 'I'lir ri-sl of llii' ni'cis.sai'y fiiiul was niailc iii" fimn j'liMiic suli^i i i|itinns lluKiiijliniil tii- cniiiitry, aiiil frnin an a|iiii'iilM iatinn liy I lir 'rni'iiitn N'nliinti'i'r Ki'lii'f I 'niiiinitft'O. Till' iu'('ii's I'lii'k was tixi-ij iiiinii a.s the site, iiinl ui'tisis were invited to si'inl in ilrsi^jiiN. 'I'lii' invitatiiiiis wcil' cnniiilii'ii with, niiil frnm u niiinlii r (if llU'litiiriiills views, that nf Mf. |{nliell Weill, of I hr lilMl nf MllV iH' vV t 'o„ nf the Mmitleal Sclll|i| III e ailil MaiMe Works, wa.s srh'iti.l, MeHMI's, Mavor iV Co. Hulisei|iu'nlly iinili'ilnnk aiiij .sjilisfnetorily ejiirieij out the eoiitriK'l for lli(> inninnni'iit itsilf. .\|| ihi-, nmin ih<> work of ivhoiit four yi'iuft, ami llnininion hay. IhTO, was lixeil ii|inn as the ilate for the lina' I'l'ii'iiiiinial. Thai imrliMn n^ iIm' I'aik in tin' ni'i;,'hliourhnnil nf the .(>if', |>. '.'11. ^V -••■. Toiioyrti: I'Asr anh i'Rkskst. 253 oinimcnt was tlin)ni,'eil willi -pot lat.ois, nml on a ilais iiniiicdiatrU' ail- joining it won- many loailing rusidcnts of Toronto. Tlio Volimt< Ciil|i' of till' city, consistinj,' of tlu' (,>iii'fn's Own, tlic lOtli UoyuN ainl tin- tiraml Trunk Mii^'aile, win! all iliawn up in military array. Tlic (Jovcrnor- {"•nrral madi' liiw appcMraiu'c |)romi)tly at noon, tin- lioiir tixed upon, and iifliT tlif rcadin;:- !>(' tln' Snri'tary's n^poit. and a -Imit sprccli li\ hi- MNci'llrncy, tlir l.illtr pi.iccrdid to nnvtil the monnniiiit. amid loud clii'iTs finm till' larLjf assi'ndila^i'. Kiii(|innt spi-i'dics wore tiirn dclivi'rcd li\ till' lion. M ( '. ( 'anuTon and l)i. Mi-t'anl. and tl u' t'crrmonv was over Dim cronct's of opinion prc\ai I a.- to il w ailistic mriiis of tlii-- m om: nii'Ul,lint llif iii'iicral elfrct iiiiisi \i,- admitti'd to lie iininriit l\- -aii-facti and iili!i>ini^' Tl of llrilannia. will II' sIliii'lMi-i' is in tlirn- stoiii's, siiriiioinili' I liv a liL;iiri and sliicjil. Till' luinlii of tl •mill' s( rni'iiii'i' indrpt-iidintly of tln' tciiaci' of I'artli-work on wliicli il sianiU, is iliirlv f.-.'t. Th Ilk is four f.'i't liiyli, so fliat lliiiinn lown from a li<'iy;lit of alioiit forty feet fiom tin- ground, 'i'lic -.iips and I las Mil' rollljioM d of Moiiiii'id linii'sti dtl nil', ami the ri'maindci. wiili ih,' ,\vv lion of lilt" Mlntiii's. of Nova Scoiia sandstoni 'I'l II' stutnarv is cul IVoin the wliiti' vi'incd varirty of lialian maiMi' commonU' used for lli. L.ttir class of ;,'ardrn st4i(ncs Tlir liist story is diroralid at tin lorin i - with caiNi'd tiussi's. oinaiinntid witli laun 1 wivatlis. and i-ontaiiis foio | oh'Is one on lacli side. 'I'ln' front. oi- eastern paml. Iicars tln' IIonmI .Vitus of (iiiat Hiilain, I'arM'd in liold rrlirf Tlic rii.dil liand pmn 1 displa\s|||, arms of 'I'oronto, tlic Irfl liand paiirl tiiosc of ilamiUon. Tin- rear m wi'sti'iii jiam ars tl foil i\N 111'.: iiisci iplioii ■* i I VV.\|)\ i'.iii:< iKi) rms moni'mkhv AM A MKMolll.VI. oK Hlit IIII.VVK .><(>NS, nil: Vnl.l iCril^.Kli Wild KKI.I. \T l.lMKItllHIl':, Hit niKh rHiiM Wiil'NIiS UKl'KIVKU IN Ai IhiN, III: IIK'M |>|SKA»K. ('ONTIt.\( IH;I» IN SKM\ t< K, WHIJ.ST DKfrSDINi; Mil! KHiiNTlUt IN .11 NK, iMili. Tlii> wlmii' of titr Nrwt Ht«n'y in Hnrmoui»t>'«l li\ an iiiriclKil «<«imin'. on wliifli st4iiidH t,lu' Hi'imul ■«<<>ry, carli paihl wlti>i-i-iif conlHtiis a iiirin' Imld iiiLT II slatiic The fron* ur • aslitn statue i» a life , o\ rilo.ikiiiu' tlu' citv iiiiiis nt' 'ri>ii>iitii ami llaiiiillDii, is tin' li^riiri' of a staiiiliiii,' rilliiiiiMi in easy military alti- tuilr. Tliis sccdinl stilly is alsn smMnnnitiMl liy a cipriiii-i'. 'I'lir lliinl stmy is cjiaiactirizrcl iiy siiiail sliicMs, witli wrcatlis aixl military iiisij;- nia, ainivi' « liicli is tlic lii;ini- ut" liritaiinia alirady mriitiniu'il. li^jlit feet four ini'liis in lii'i;(lit, ainl cut from a sdlid Mdck of mailili'. 'riiiii' is no nmrc lining- |iImcc tkan a Mrmorinl N'oliinu' to |iri'srivi- tlu' nanii's of tin' i;ailanl licrucs to wliosc naniory tlif monnnifnt was iMcctcil. In aiMition to tlic scvm voliiiiti'iTs kilK'cl III ni'uon, a ml till' Iwo wlio sulpsci|iicntly • li.'.l. a- nicii'.ioiu'il in a foriiifr i-liaplcr, si\ ilinl from iliscasc coiitrai'ti'il iluriii;,' tin' cMiniiaiL Tl ii'V wrri' ('aptaiii ami l'a\ niastor .lidjn Huston llielicv, of tliu lOtli Royal 'I I'livatr .Immus Caliill. of tlic l.'illi Kattalioii. I'risad' •lami's II. Moni if till- <.>iicfn's Own l'ri\ai>' hanii'l Kakt'i, of tin' IStli liattalioii I'livati M. rruillioiiiiiK', of till' I lo"licla;,'a LiL,'lit Inrantiy. I'lixatr l.aiiall NV. Smilli of tlir IMh liatlaiioii. Till' soliliiMs iiioniinK'iit. iliiTcfoic, ('oiiiincnioiiitis ilic ilcatlis of liftti'ii v..lutiU'i'rs. Ily tliis time Toronto liail lii'comi' a very im|iortant ('ommcrcjal contri', iikI lia w Itli slati'ly jinvate lesidcncis. I\in;4'aiiil i on;,'e Streets con! iniii'd to mono poli/.c the lion's shall! of (he retail hiisinoss, lait Front and U'ellinjL^lon StiX'i'ts had dcM'loped into the eenire of the wholesale trade, and many larf^e and wealthy eNtaliliHlinicnts had their hcadipiarteis there. So far as to the principal thoioiij^hfaics. With lespeet to tliipse of .te, tl el'e was still Mil for a d deal of inilU'OVement. writer in Ih- ('iiiniiliiin lll,iMl,;il,tl Xrn's, for Septi'inl);'i .'lid, I.S7(), indiilni's ill some rather si-vt'ie KMiiarks on the aspect of our Mtfeetw, which he (leseiilies to I le, Lfonerally s| killi; eithi narrow and dirtv, with ^f*- ■♦(H TOIlONTii: I'.lSr Ai\l> PIUCSKNT. 855 till' lii^'htof lifiiviii 111 ^t sliiit out, or liioii'l iiiid \vift(li(;(lly jmvol — c<' tiiinly witli a niiiiiln'r of .siirtici.ntlv liaiiilsoiuo lioiiscs. Imt at tlic sun time \\ itij an nii appcMianuc of liein- laid out on a saml-tlat." lie ailmitN, liowcvur, tliat 'I'oronto possesses two piinciiial sticuts, ■ sntlicicntly t'loaii, wcll-iit, \y,\\- paviil, ami limd with liaiuisonn; shops." Some of liis comnniits on th>' sociiil a.-nt a j;iilf nimlc liy the inlltxihle laws of fasliioii ami .society — a <,'ulf as i,'i-eat as scpaiiites Jiioailway from the Jiowery, the Kiii' >U'. Ilivoli fiom tin line Montparnassr, (jr Recent Street iiml Kotten Row from the hnml.ler thor- on^rlifaivs of i'ctitoMville and the City Road. 'I"hr Imildinu's on Kini,' SlMct arc ■,naiiil(r and u^'eatrr than ih.ir noddess of Kjushion, an.\er- ingly triid;,'inf; up and down, no douljt to their own ;,'rcat comfort, nnd lo tlie intense iliscouilit lire and disniay of others less smileil or less favonreil liy lin'ii tailors ami d '1" Natl lilt of way, the yirat sociid t 'han ressmakers, where every ImmI >iml;' Slieet is, >• IIU'cls e\ci \ and his w ife, wlu'ie iIk' liitesi fashions are cNhilpited. .ind the lust ipiota- lions of till' matiiim>iii.'il murkei c\cliane;eil Wonld voii see the newi-nl styli's in huts or pannieis ' 'i'lies ;ire to he seen on Kin^' Slnet. Would you kfiow how nian\ vouii: 11 ig swells are iimnj,' nothmf,' >th for II IIMIl' lire til tind I hem on Kine Would you wish to he;ir the last im| deme ol \oune lliutimsciuiim, m the pio;,'ressof ill.s.s Slowcome's irii- •uyiVRi' 4« 25G MEMORIAL Volume. iiii'iit ' Ymi iiiav 111" sure tlmt licfoiu you liiivi' taken liiilt" a iId/i'U tuiiis. Minii' CDnvi'uiiiii, iuti'lliiri'nt hussy IkhIv nC yi»ur a('i|uaiiiUiiii'o will liavc wliisinTiil the fn'lN uf lliu case ill your I'ar, all of wliii'li lie liii.s ' on the li('>t iiiiilioiity, Sir.' It is on Kiii;^ strict tlial ( 'Icliiis niaki's liis a|>|ioiiit- iiiciil with «'lclia tor tln'ir afternoon walk; tiiat Tliersites, jealousy- striekeii, seowN at Ailonis, aiiil that IViiiiponia dejireciati-s ilir viiiiie of her ilc'ar frieiiil Ainalliiie.i's new silk aiie on a -looks ilowii upon the motl<'\ throiiir, notiees their pi'lty lollies ami I'uililes, anil tlianks his stars that he is not as other men iire." The foiirteiii yi'ar> wliieli luive elapseil since (lie fore;,'oini,' line-- wne written ha\i' heeii sii;uali/.eil hy many eluiiij^'es lor tlie U'tter , hut mueh yet remains to ]»• iloiie in the w.iy of street ailornmrnt lirfore 'I'oionto can lake rank with liiii's of hir ~>i/e. wealth aihl population in (he I'uiteil Sl.-lli's. In the ('eiisiis i.f IS.7I the population of Toronto was >et|t'J, I'einu'an increase of 11,271 durill;,' the pleeedin;,' ilccade* The principal nationalities wdr npriseiitcil in this a;,'L;r" j^rate as follows: Kn^lisli, •Jl,:i(i.". ; Irish, ^klOl ; Seoteh.S.iil:; ; (ierinan, U.S.". , Kieiich, :.7-.' , Welsh. H'l ; lliissian ami i'olish, SI ; |)utch, , I'i7 , .\d\elitist>, -\ , Tunkeis, 7 liilile ItelieVelis .'{ ; i'resliylerians i^llll I'loHsus incliidi'd I, .S,!».S2 : IJjuakei's, tJ.'i ; Sw edeiiliorj^'iaiw, 7;i , I nidiriaiis, :J70 , I'niveisalists, |J; other denominations, .')4 ; without creed, ; not ;,Mveii, lO.S, Tlu! aniilysis accoriliiij,' tooccniiatioiis is worlli ,i,'i\in;; in fuller detail. It shows the folliiwiiii,', anion^r other icMilts ; aceomitanls, -Jitit ; lawyers, "JOd ; aichile<'ts, .'11 . articled apprcnlii'c-, ii'A . auetioiieeis, |(i; linkers, 12.'); harhcrs, .'.M ; l«inkeis, liO ; l.rokers, Kt, hlackMiiith -, ti.'lii ; iKiok.sellers, 70; liook hinders, lii(!; l>o\ and trunk makers, M , hiick- layers, IM; liriekmakeis, :>.'>; lncwerHand distillers, 4H ; hrush ami lirixun Alih. |i. •.'•.•H. ALDERMEN OF THE CITY OF TORONTO, 185+ S^ JOHN'S WARD Jofui .'Mcoin S"' PAULS W«RO ■ W/l J"A<«r ToKOSTii: PAST A.\l> PliHSKyT. 2')7 milkers, 7"'; l>uillnij,';,'ists, 100; cliairmakcrs. 2ivll irij|iiiefi-N,4l : cltMj^ymcn, 10!t ; coniim icial cK iks, 1,41:5; coiiiiii'icial tiav- t'llcrs, 1 1 !• ; nditraetors, 2(1 ; fiint'octiuiuTs, .SN ; cnupfrs, 71 ; court utticcrs, 41 ; ileiitists, 17 ; ilri'ssiiiakirs anil iniliiiu-rs, (lis ; enyiiitM'ra and iiii-cliaiii ■ cians, i(»:{; cn^'raviTh and litlm^^rapliei-N 41 ; foundrynieii, .S.S4 ; i;ardcmrs, 1:'."); ;,'ihttt'ni<'n (if private means, l.S.S ; ;;(>ldsmitli.sand jewi lleis, !)0 ; <;ov- ernment employees, lOS ; ;,'rain dealei-s, :{0 ; <,'ro(erH, 270; liattiis, .'Hi; hotel keepers, .'102 ; ialu.iirei^, :J,1H4; lauiulre.s.sc.s, Ul ; mannfiul\uir.^, 37t( marinei's, 177; niereliaiit.>, .'):Jti ; iiii-ssciimrN and portei-s, '2'2'> ; millers, JiO; painters and ;,daziei~, .'{44 ; iiliysicians and sur;;eons, !((i ; plii)to;,'rapliers, 41 ; i>lastirers, 14'); jdiimlMis, 7'>; printers, .'!M ; railway employees, .'101 ; siiddlers, 80 ; seam. stresses, 40:{ ; male servants, 4.'>2 ; female servants, ■J, •■•JO; slioemakers, (is;J ; stone niasons, SS ; students-atdaw, '(O ; stiident.s of medieine, 1 1 ; tailors. .'»(I4 . teaeliers, :i4:i , wateliniakers, 41'. Tin law and meove eiuimerated include, of coui-se, oidy such as liad their permanent homes in Toronto, and not those who were merely tiltin;; thenisidves for the practice of their |irofessions elsewhere. As the yeai- 1S71 ecendier. ancrilary and Uejjistrar. K \V. Scott, < 'omniissionerof (,'rowii Lands. The Ministry then formed hy .Mr Hlake has since undergone many mod- itications. au'l Hot one of till' orif^diuil nieinlieis now holds a place in it. hut the policy then ilUlU^'Uratcd has ever since lieen till piiliiy (if the nil IMAGE EVALUATrON TEST TARGET (MT-S) // A^ A % ^^ 1.0 |50 '"^* lllii lllg I.I 1 1.25 J4 16 < . A" o ► A^i '^c?^ '/ Hiotographic Sciences Corporation 33 WI'iT MAIN STRUT WHSriR.N.Y. USIO (716) S72-4503 \ 5V ^ ^\ i 4^ 4^ .^^ ^ O^ ^ '-*«i«iiMMmMM*m 268 MEMORIAL VOLUME. Provincial (ioverniiicnt, {iixi the Mowjit Ministry of to-day is practically a continuation of tlie Blake Ministry which succeedeJ to powin- more than twelve years ago. Durinjj; the next three years, Toronto, in conuuon with the Province of Ontario at large, eiijoyeil an iniexain[iley some of the leading wholesale, hou.ses, an.-) IVrNDiialty »iiil Iiiramii'. .'*7,23:»,(;(i,-> .S,07l!,()4.") 12,S4(),I(W !Mil7,!)77 T<>tftl». ;?2ii,277,i:i«. 32,4(17,772. 44,7(i">,H44. 43,4(!2,.')I2. Several public events which had Dccurred in the interim are entitled to brief mention in this place. In liune, 1X72. Sir Jcihn Young — who during Ids residence in Canada had iieeu created a peer of (beat Hritain, by the title of Baron i^isgar and Haillieborougli — was succeeded as (lovenior- (ienernl by Frederick Temph' Hamilton-Blackwood, Karl of Duflerin. Ijord Ihili'erin soon ii( A. Macdonald. 4- m TORONTO: PAST AND PJiESENT. 259 Dunng the years 1871 nn.l 1872, Mr. Joseph Sheanl occupie.lthe posi- t..m of h.ef Magistrate of Toronto. In 187.'J I.e was sucee...l..,l hy Mr Ak.xan.lor Manning. On ti.e 29tl. of March in this year the Provincial Statute 30 V.c, cnp. 48 canie into force, wherel.y the election of Mayors .n c.tzos wft,s again vested in the people. Un.ler this statute the Mayor ot Toronto has ever since heen elected. In 1874 and 1875 the choice^ of the people was Mr. Francis H. Medealf, who, it .vill he remend.ered, had prev.ou.sly been elected hy the popular vote in the years 18(14, 1805 and 18(.(.. Mr. Mclcalf was absent in England for a considerable part of the yoar 18,.., .luring which interval the Council was presided over by Al- derman John Baxter. T '^^^^ '^f;"^;;'"^'7^'''«had meanwhile been created in the municipality. In 18,3 the Ward of St. Thon.as was formed fron. a part of that !,f s't Dav.d ; aud m 1875 St. Stephen's Ward was formed from a part of St' Patrick s. CHAPTER X. A COMMKHCrAL UK.\rriOX.-UNlVKl{,SAL I)KPHKS.SION.--PK()TF(TroN VEIiSlTS A UEVKXIIU TAUIKK-t.IK INmiSTIUAI, K.XIMI.ITION ^- '"■:i"AinM.m.: ok lokd i..tki.khi,v. -ti.k MA.uiins ok i.ounk AND II. U. H. TI.K ..KIN.KSS I.onsK. -L(.IU. LANSLOWNE - MI'NrciPAl, EVENTS. -l.oiMM,.Vn()N.-^,|.;N.Sv>S OK I MS I „» KHSSEM/S LAST VISIT T.) TOJK.NTO. -RECENT EVENT,S.-lON- • I.USION. , UK year 1875 was marke.l by a vry perceptible reaction in i'Miil , ^"""""'•'^i'l' world of Toronto, and of Canada genernlly '^■Sii I '""' ''°^'"" ^" '"'■ *" '"""' ''''*''"*■• "m^^^^t towards the close m) \ l"'^'vious year, but it was not until 1875 had fairly set V- HI that it positively forced itself upon public attention. This reac- <^W tion was due to Nari<.im cai.Hos, an.l was by n.. means continod to Canada. Tnere was n.ore or less financial depression throughout the mer- cantde and manufacturing centres of the world. A perio.l of hard times ha.lsot in in the United States in 1873, and it was inevitable that a oo.mtry having such intinuiti^ tiade relations tluTewith as Canada ha 200 MEMORIAL VOLUME. ami lias, must sooner or later feel the reflecting influence. But there were lociil causes peculiar to ourselves which intcnsifled the situation here^ ainonj,' which may lie enumerated over-importation, lonf( credits, and a bad harvest. Toronto, as one of the chief commercial centres of the Do- minion, felt the strain early. We had pa-ssed through an era of unexam- pled prosperity, and had begun to indulge in an e.vtravagant style of liv- ing, such as was not justified by any merely temporary business success. Towards the end of IMT-'i the ill efl'ects of the hard times began to be felt in all their stringency, and the outlook wa.s far from encouraging. The next year, 187G, came in very gloomily, and loud murmurs were heard against the trade policy of the Government. The question of protection re/wf/.s a revenue tarifl' began to engross the public mind, and from that time forward was the chief i.ssue before the country until the change of Government in 1 878, and the consequent inauguration of the Tilley tariff. Such matters as these properly Ix-long to the general his- tory of Canada, and it would Ijc out of place to enlarge upon them in these pages, which have no further concern with them than in so far as they affected Toronto. Our city ultimately recovered her wonted volume of trade, since which time her ]irogre.ss has been steadily upwar8 the total imports amounted to !?.'J, 5.10,1 !)8. Last year they reached 5*1S,();{4,4-')1. The value of the exports in 18r)8 was !il<(!.'{7,l77, compared with ?;),48l,.Si;{ last year. An event of considerable importance in the city's listory was the es- tiiilisliim-nt of Hie Industrial Kxhibilion A.ssociatioii, which, during the last five years, has been the means of annually attracting an inniien.sc crowd to Toronto. The A.ssociation came into being under the following circumstances. In the autumn of 1877, the City Council of Toronto sent a ilepiitation up to London, to attend the annual meeting of the Agricul- tural and Arts Association, ami to urge upon that boledged the credit of the city, both to the A.s.sociation and to the Government, and acting on the advice of the Exhibition I'ommittee, determined to go on with the works, knowing that when the smoko of the battle blew over, anil the public were enabU>d to Judge of a completed measure, and to re- cognise the iiiimens(> advantages that would ii-suit to the city, they wouM approve of what had i>een done. The delays inseparable from such a complication left only ninety tlays from the time the authority of the ('ouncil was obtainerprize, as there were not wanting those who, while professing a confidence in the integiity ' 1 purpose and intention of the Committee, were sure tliat it would not l>o possibh^ to complete a woik -o-^ ^ ■i- ^ 262 MEMORIAL VOLUME. (if such inagnitu'le in so short a time. But, thanks to the eneigetii; iiianngenient of the Ooniinittce, and the enteiprize and ability of the arcliitccts and the contractors for the several works, the buildinrself for the largo expenditure she had in- curred in the preparation of the grounds and the erection of the buildings. He ventured to predict that under some kind of an organization, an exhi- bition, not inferior to any that hail ever been held in Canada, would be held in one year from the date of the meeting. During the succeeding year an organization tvas formed of representatives appointed by a num- ber of societies and bodies, both local and Provincial, whii-h was didy in- corporated under the name of the Industrial Exhibition Association. The prediction made at the time, in the face of many obstacles that .seemed al- most insurmountable, has been more than fidtilled in the five very success- ful exhibitions that havt? since been held ; and it is only a matter of simple justice to Mr. Withrow to say that it wa.s mainly by his sleepless energy and untiring exertions that this desirable residt was brought about, in adilition lo the buildings originally erected by the city, the Asso- ciation has expend(>d in the erection of now buildings, and in the exten- sion of the existing ones, over !?4(),()()(\ and the acconuuodation is not yet sutlicicnt. 'i'hc Association has also succeeded in making 'I'oronto the principal exhibition point in the Dominion, and not excelled by any in (he United States controlled and managed by local associations, and not r. I . TOliONTO: PAST AND PRESKNT. 203 subsidized by either city or (Joveinniont aid. Such, brioHy, m the hi«to,y of the formation of thi« organization, shewing conclusi vol v that in this as in other departments of the city's growth, Toronto's sons have endea- voured to place her in such a positit.n that in this her se.ni-eentennial year they may have no need to feel ashamed of the progress she has made iluring the last half century. The opening of the E.xhibition of September, IS7.S, by Lord Dutferin as above mentioned, was the last public act performed by that nobleman ni Toronto. Within a month from that time he had ceased to be (Jover- nor-(Jeneral, and had taken his .leparture fron. Canada, accompanie.l by the regrets of many thousands of our i^pidation. He was sueeee.led by the Manpiis of Lome, who, accompanied by his fair .spouse, Her RoyMJ Highness the Princess Louise, arrived in Canada in November. Their first vi,sit to Toronto was paid during the month of September. 1,S79, when a fitting reception was accorded to them. Last year the Mar.piis of Lome was suececled by Lord Lansdowne, our present Governor-Cenoral, who has also been received in Toronto with the welcome due to the represen- tative of Her Maj(^sty the Queen. There have been few local events of historical importance .lurin- the last few years, and any account of them must l,e compressed within a brief space. In l.H7(i, LS77 and l,S7.S, the late Mr. Angus Morri.son was mayor of the city. Mr. Patrick (1. Close, one of the three Aldermen for St. Lawrence Ward, presid.nl over the deliberations of the Council for a portion of the year 1,S77, the Mayor being absent on leave, owing to ill health. The nuiyoralty list may as well be completed here. In I87'» and IHHO the dignity was hehl by Mr. James Bea'.y. Tlie following two yea.-s-l««l and 1«,S2 -it w.us hold by Mr. W. R McMurrich ; and it has ever since been held by the priisent occupant, Mr. A. R. Boswell On the SOth of June, 18«0, the Hon.' John Beverley Robinson succeeded the Hon. D. A. Maedonald as Lieutenant Covernor of Ontario, and he has ever since been incumbent of that oftice. " According to the as.s.vssors' returns, the population of the city durin.' the procediiiij si.K years was as follows : " IH7-> LS7(i 1877 1878 187!) 1880 (I8,(J78 71.(i!).S (.7,.'JC8 7(),8(i7 73,8 l.S 7:., no •i- iJt^ 264 MEMORIAL VOLUME. The aswssiuents duriiifjf the same poriuil were as follow : — 1875 nenlty. *3(),560,(;.-,2 Pervonal and iiicoiiiu. *9,945,0-i8 'l\>talii. S!4(i,5()(),280 187G 37,!»lsh, 34,«19; Irish, 32,177; Scotch, 13,754; Dutch, l(i3; French, 1 ,230 ; ( iernian, 2,049 ; Italian, 104; Russian and Polish, 132; Scandinavian, 80 ; Spanish and Portuguese, 25; Swiss, 83; African, 593; Indian, 0; other origins, 342; not given, 858. Classified according to religious heiiefs, we have the following results :^ Ad Mitists, 3 ; Baptists, 3,979 ; Ihethren, 419 ; Roman Oatholica, 15,710 ; Church of England, 31,009 ; Congregationalists, 2018 ; Jews, 53+ ; Luther- ans, 494; Methodists, 10,357; Presbyterians, 14,012; Quakers, 57 ; other denominations, 048 ; no religion, 59 ; not given, 510. Divided into oceu- patioas, the analysis is as follows: — Accountants and book keeiJei-s, 580; architects, 50 ; artists and littdrateur.s, 78; auctioneers, 14 ; bakers, 245 ; bankers and money brokers, 107; barbei-s, 1 23'; blacksmiths, 299; boat buihl- ei's, 32; boiler makers, 49 ; bookbinders, 337 ; booksellers and stationers, 74 ; boot and shoemakers, 824 ; box and trunk nuikers. 111; brewers and distil- lers, 85 ; bricklayers, 259 ; brick and tile makers, 37 ; builder.s, 291 ; butch- ers, 337; cabinet makers, 324; cabmen and draymen, 194; carriage builders, 100 ; carpenters and joiners, 1,328 ; eaivers aiul gilders, 130 ; cluMuists and druggists, 172 ; civil engineers, 39; clergymen, 115 ; commercial traveliora, 390 ; connnercial clerks, 2,303 ; confoetioners, 131 ; contractor.s, 09 ; coopor.s, 81; dairymen, 90; dentists, 32; dressmakers ami milliners, 1,338; edge-tool mak(M's, 19 ; engineers and machinists, 780; engravers and lithographers, 107; factory operatives, 181 ; foundry men, 337 ; fruit- erers, 03; gardencrH and nurserymen, 213 ; gentlemen of privati^ means 17!> ; gold and silversmiths, 47 ; government tMnployees, 203 ; grocers, .179 ; hatters and furriers, 95 ; hotel and boarding-house keepers, 286 ; labour- ers, 2,495 ; land surveyors, 27; launtlresses, 181 ; lawyers, 292 ; lock and gunsmiths, 27 ; manufacturerH, 156 ; mariners, 204; messengers and por- -•-(H TORONTO: PAUT ANJ> PUESMNT. 26.1 tfis, .'S50 ; inillcis, 35 ; musical instniniout iiiakfis, 111; nmsiciaiis, (i7 ; |)aiiitt'rs ami glaziurs, ().">+ ; piiutoj^rajilicrs, 4") ; pliy.sleiuiis uml siii'l,'i.'oiis, 1")1 ; plastei'crs, 171; plumliors, '2'2'.\; iiolicemeu ami cuiistubli's, 1"JS ; printers ami puMislieis, «37 ; saildlc. ami liarno.ss makers, .S(l ; seam- stresscf, ,S!(I ; male servants, ISl ; female servants, :J,.SiSK; ship builders, 27; stone au< I marble cuttiu's, l()(i ; stunc masons, 5.S ; stuilents-at-!a\v, 122; students in medicine, ;}7 ; tailors and clotliiei-s, !)()! ; male teaeliers, l(i() ; feiuale teachers, 301 ; teamsters and drivers, 2!»!) ; tele;fra|)li em- |)loyees, 122 ; tin and coppi'r smiths, 273 ; tobacco makers anil dealers, 21'1. Dr. William Howard Russell, who had visited Toronto and reeonleil his impressions of it in I.Sdl, as luentiimed on a former jiaj^e,* again pre- sentiid himself amoiiff us in the month of May, 1H81. Jle forme(l one of a distinguished company, consisting of the Duke of Sutherland ami others, who were making a prolonged to\ir of the American continent. The somewhile war correspondent of the Timen was amazed at the jirogress made by the city during th(> twenty years which had elapsed sinec^ his former visit. The chronicle of the tour has been preserved by him in '■ llesperothen ; Notes from the West : a Ilecord of a Randiie in the I'niteii States and ('anaeen four Police Magistrates, two of whom iire still alive. "TlmH far mir chronicli' ; :\iul nnw we pause — Thimali not for want i>f matter ; but 'tin time." Our city's story has been told, and if the record is .somewhat prosaic and marrowless, the reader is re(juested to remember the leading case of the needy Knifegrinder, and to bear in mind the ratht>r inett'ective and monotonous nature of the tlieme. Toronto's history, what there is of it, extenils over less than a eenturj' of time. The natural situation of the place is not conducive to " Krcles' vein," and our rectangular streets have not been the scene of many great or I'nthralling events. Our pleasant bay, delightful as it is on a ealin, moonlit summer evening, recalls no hallowed memories such as " make Plymouth rock sublime," nor even such romantic associations as cluster around the pictures(ine and time- honoured cliHs of grand old Quebec. But, if it cannot truthfully be said that our city's past bristles with gi'eat and impressive historic scenes, it may at least be pretty confidently predicted that she has be- fore lier a notable and momentous future. A score of clear and well- ascertained facts point tinniistakably to the conclusioii that Toronto is destined to become a great and wealthy city. Of late years such facts liave been steadily accumulating. One has only to open one's eyes to see them staring him in the face. Toionto is the natural outlet of 2().S MEMORIAL VOLUME. tin iiiinit'iiso tract of coniitry, wliicli is daily increasin'.' in im|>ortaiico. Slio liids fair to iMiconu- one of tho groat railway centres of the conti- nent. Her trade has heen huilt up by healtliy, legitimate enterprise, and not l)y speculation or accidental circumstances. The rapid extension of tho citys area in every direction, excei)t towards the lake, where no exten- sion is po.s.sil)le ; the steadily progre.ssivn advance in the value of real es- tate ; the increasing extent of her mercantile and railway opiMations ; tlie constant erection of ini|M)sing temples of connnerce on oin- business thoroughfares, and of stately private mansions on oiu' maple and chestnut- lineil avenues — these are a few of the iiidi(!ations, not only of pi(\sent pi'ospei'ity, hut of an abiding faitli and confidence in the future. A faith ba-sed on such suiistantial grounds is tolerabl}' certain to lie verified by the result. Theie are doubtless many young persons now living in 'i'o- ronto who will take part in the centennial celebration of the city's in- coiporation in the year]!>y4. Tliey will then look liack upon the pri- mitive days of iXH-t with feelings similar to those wherewith we now eon- template the era of Francis Gore anefore that day comes, tlie hand that jieiis these lines will have moiddcn^d into dust. Jiut we know on high authority that " the evil that men do lives after them ; " and in bringing this " trivial, fond record " to a close, the wiiter luis onc^ retl(>ction strongly bi'ought home to him — it is exceedingly probable that in those days to eom(>, tlie labour which h;is goni < the production of this work will be [)re,ssed into service, and that the newspapers of the 4t,h of Mai'eh, 19;U, will be liirgely made up of extracts from the MKMttiMAL V'oLUMK. TORONTO: FAST AND PRESENT. 2(59 SU FTLEMENTARY CHAPTER. NOTK ON TIIK liKCKNTLV DISCOVEliKl) MAP OK TIIK HARHOUR OK TOKONTO IN 17!^S. ^D^S^^ UT?lN(i till' coursf of rosfiirclios inailc in Lomlon, in 1SS4, for (iociinicnts liavin<; a bearinji on the ilispiito alKnit tiu' iionnd- ariosot' Hio Pr()\inc(M)f Ontario, Mr. Tlionias Ilodgins, Q. (.'., liifhtod on u iiiouw plan of the harlwur of Toronto in 17finiitt,u(l to Mr. VV^. P>. McMiir- '••nii'" 1-ich, (,'hairniau of the fjencral Sonii-Ccntcnnial Coniniittee. It is enMtli'd "A plan •' the juoposiMi I'oiorito harlioiu-, witli the propuMcl town ami post h_v the seitlcment. It is dated Quebec, oth Decem- ber, ITiSS. It was e.xeciae.! i y Cajitain (lother Mann, of the Royal Knyi- ncers. Alonjf with the ph.n was a report by the same oHicnr, sent to the Ilij,dit Hon. Lord Dorchester (lovernor-Gcncral and Ootnniander-iii-Chief in British America The report is dated at Queliec, December (!th, 17^!^. Speaking; of the harboin', Captain Mann says . 'The harbour of Toronto is near two miles in lenjfth from the enti'anee on the west to the isthmns betwei'n it and a larj,'c morass on the eastward. The breadth of the entrance is about half a mile, but the navigable channel for vessels is only about "jOO yards, having from thret' to three-and-a-hnlf fathoms water. The north, or main shore, the whole length of the harbour, is clay bank, from twelve to twenty feet high, and, rising gradually be- hind, apparently good lund, and fit for settlement. The water is rather shoal near this shore, having but one fathom depth at 100 yards dis- tance, two fathoms at 200 yards distanci^ ; and when 1 sounded here the waters of the lake were very high. There is a good and .■■afe anchorage everywhere within the harbom-, being either soft or sjindy bottom. The south .shore is composed of a great number -if sand hills and riilges, intersected with swampa anil snuUI creeks. It is of une(|ual brealy a shallow channel scoopeo('i(nif»(/.v, page II.'). On the 22nd of August, 1(180, La Salle says he was " au bord du lac Toronto" (sic), having travelleil thither northward the day before, from Teioiagon, that is to say, tlie " Portage Landing," near the mouth of the present Humber, (Vptaiiis Mann's dellnt-ation of the " views of the Trading Post of Toronto" is of particular value It shews the number of the buildings, great and small, included within the palisade to have been five. The remains of thest' would of eouise be t|uite conspicuouH in 1788, only iiliout twentyeiglit years aftei' their destruction by fire, at the bidding of till' Ki'i'neli military authorities. Traces of theiu were plaiidy visible down to 1878, when thoy were finally obliteiiiteil by the levelling made I -- TORONTO: PAST AND PRESENT. 271 in preparing the Toronto Industrial Exhibition Grounds for their present use. Captain Mann's town plot is of course purely ideal. For regularity and simplicity it might be a plan of the capital of Utopia or the New- Atlantis. Like the New Jerusalem of the Apocalypse, " the city lieth four- s(]uare ;" and, evidently for strategical reascms, the military engineer has reserved on each of its four sides a broad pomn'rium or esplanade, never to be violated by the plough, or built over. It is curious to ob.serve in the Journal of Mr. Chewett, Chi<'f Draughtsman in the first Surveyor- (ieneral's office of Upper Canada, under date of 22iid of April, 17!>2, the entry made of a plan sent to him by Lieutenant-Governor Simeoe, of the "town and townshi|> of Toronto," with an enquiry as to whether it was ever laid out. The plan about which the c|uery was put was very pro- bably the identical one discovered by Mr. Hodgins. Mr. Chewett's reply is not recorded; but that no such town plot was ever surveyed or laid out is manifest from the absence of all allusion to such an incident in the notebook of Atigustus Jones, where be speaks of the jilan of the proposed town of York, in 171)3. As to the orthography "Torento," for Toronto, adopted by Captain Mann — it certainly occurs in a few maps and documents; but it is un- (|iiesti()nably exceptional and late. Other forms ai)|M'aring oeeasionally were, as has lieen pointed out in this volume, Toranto and Taronto. Thu syllables eii and an in these forms, it must be remembereil, wir(> pro- nounced in the French way; so that, after all, virtually nothing more than the name Toronto, as we pronounce it, was intended to bi' rcpii-- sented. The normal form of the word was Toronto, as we see it in jji Salle's letter in 1080. French maps and otticial documents of the same date and pligbtly later, show the sanu- orthography, as e. g., the map illustrative of Lahontan's Letters of l->S. the name is given (p. 171) as Toronto, while in the aceompanying map it is careU'ssly engraveil Toranto. In Alexander Henry's Travels, I7(l(i-rsl lieii' was called " Tarento, Torento, or some such name, from (as it is .supjiosiilj the Italian cn,u;inecr who Imilt it." Sii' K. Boiinycastle had prolialily never read that this French tiadin;,f-posl was othcially iiameil Fort i^iuillc, and that no »Mi.j.,dneer otlicer of the name of Toronto was ever heaiil of in (^aiuula. It is not ilitlicult to sc(' why Captain Mann took the trouhle to sketch out his iinni^inary city of Toronto in 17>tus .loiies's papers that M. IIocIk.'- lilave, ('apt. Lajoree and Capliiin iloueheitc i^ father of the naval ollicer), had cmleavoured to secure coirsiderahle Li'iants of land in that lucality ; a project fru.strated hy (he transfir of the land-j^rantinj; power from Lord |)orches(rr's ( lo\erimien(, a( (^Uehec, (o the aildlorities of (he new I'ro- \iiieeof Cpper ( 'anaila, at York. ^ ► o*- ALDERMEN OF THE CITY OF TORONTO. Sr STEPHEN'S WARD. Ml*- S'' DAVID'S VVAAD i .^-^ ^■1 ■v^ TORONTO: PAST AND PUHSENT. 273 A GLANCE AT THE CITY .A.S JT IS- Jlli present work, as is indicated on its title-page, is a Memorial fr/Sr'^^ Volume, and in its preparation the eliiet' purpose kept in view ;,^''^(';J,j lias hoen to gather together in a pormaiu'ut form siieh liisto- ii<^ I^iXi i^cai facts and records as are likely to lie deemed worthy uf ^' pieservation hy those who shall eonic aftt'r us. In such a work, !■ ,■/ notliing approaching to an exhaustive account of the topography, imlustries or institutions uf the city is to be Ijoked for. Those in search of infonnation on such matters will properly look for it in guide-books, directories, or statistical works specially devoted thereto. In the present brief paper, howevei', an attempt will be made to condense within the compass of a few pages, such .statistical and topographical facts as may enable outsiders to form some general conception of our city's social and mercantile condition. The perusal of such a condensation, it is belie\ed, will prove not uninteresting or uninstructi\e, even, to local reaclers, who may bo presumed to be familiar, in a general way, with most of the facts embodied in it. STREETS. The origin of the names of many of the old streets of the city has already been given in connection with the early history of York. As mentioned elsewhere in the text, the principal connnercial thoroughfares in the city ai'e King and Y(>nge Streets. The former runs east and west, and intersects the cit^' diu'ing the entire distimci^ from tiie shore of llum- ber May to beyond the Don. From York Street toChuich Street it is, juii'ixrclli HIT, the fa-shionable mercantile ipiarter, nearly all the principal retail dry-goods and luillinery establishments being situated within those limits. The snudiern side of tins portion of the street is tlie fashionable promeiuide .so graphically described by the Diogenes of tlio ('(iriin. Jlluslviiieil Nnrs, and (|Uoted a few ]iages back. Here, on a jileasant sunny afternoon of any season of the year, may be seen a motley con- jj ►ii*. 274 MEMORIAL VOLUME. course of persons of both sexes, anxious to display their costly attire, and to be set down by wondering outsiders as belonging to the gay world of fashion. Eastward of Church Street, King Street becomes less fashion- able, and beyond the St. Lawrence Market it can make no pretence to be called fa-shionable at all. Westward of York Street again, it is as yet only to a limited extent given up to commerce, though the day is probably not very far distant when it will present tiie aspect of a crowded business thoroughfare from end to end. Yonge Street runs at right angles to King Street. It extends from the bay northwards to the extreme northern limit of the city, and for many miles beyond. Though less fasliionable than King Street, it has of late years made rapid strides, and now contains some of the largest and finest retail mercantile houses in Turonto. The portion of it between King Street and the bay is largely given up to banks and wholesale hou.ses, and some of the leading wholesale firms in the city have their head- quarters here. North of King Street it is chieHy a retail thoroughfaic, and an almost perpetual succession of stores and places of business extends from the junction of the two main arteries of the city to within a short distance of the northern Itoundary. Next in importance as a retail business thoroughfare comes Queen Street, running east and west, and extending from its intersection with King Street, near the bridge over the Don River, to the western confines of the city. It is much less pretentious in its architecture, and in the character of its traffic, than either of the two thoroughfares already referred to, but in both respects it is undergoing steady improvement, and it is destined to maintain its position as the third in importance among our retail conimereial marts. Front and Wellington Streets are the head(|uarters (.if tlie wholesale trade, ami on the latter are also situated several of our leading banks. Colborne, Scott, and Melinda Streets, are also largely given up to wholesale business. Toronto Street, a short street not much more than fifty yard;; long, runs from King Street northward to Adelaide, and is certainly the most important thoroughfan^ in the city for its dimensions. The buildings upon it are large and costly, and are ehietly occupied l)y strong financial institutions and public companies, hiay Stri'ct, though in the very heart of the city, remained comparatively free from the encroachments of conunerco up to a very recent period. One by one the householders have iM'en crowded out, and it is now almost wholly abandoned to nieri'antile and manufacturing |iurposcs. Jordan Street, a .short street in the same neighbourhood, is of a similar charactt^r. Church Street, extending from the bay north waid to Bloor Street, waw Ml*. -»(H TORONTO: FAST AND PRESENT. 27.5 formerly one of the most desiralile avenues for private residences in Toronto. The upper or northern portion of it still preserves that character, but the more southerly portions are steadily yielding to the imperative demands of a growing community. The portion south of King has long been given up to business purpo.ses, and it may now be said to partake largely of n business character all the way to Carlton Street. York Street, a considerable portion of Adelaide Street, and a smaller portion of Rich- mond Street, are also given up to commercial purposes. For private residences, Jarvis Street, taken as a whole, bears away the palm from all competitors. Its . stately mansions, broad V)oulevards and trimly-kept lawns, are redolent of wealth and elegant retirement. There are many other streets which can boast of fine houses, spacious lawns and beautiful homes. Among them may Ije mentioned Bloor, Sherbourne, St. George, College, Beverley, St. Joseph, Qrosvcnor, Pembroke, Wellesley, ('arlton and Gcrrard Streets, together with Wilton Crescent, extending from George Street eastward to Sherbourne Street, and Avenue Road, extending northward from Bloor Street to the Davenport Road. OHUROHBS. Toronto has long been known as pre-eminently a city of churches, and whatever may bo the fact as to the piety of her citizens, there can be no doubt that any shortcomings in that direction are not due to deticienti accommodation for church-goers. There are at the present time more than a hundred places of worship within the corporation. A few of these are tine specimens of architecture, and do much to beautify the several neigh- bourhoods wherein they are situated. About one-fourth of the entire number of our city churches belong to the Anglican body. The chief of these is St. James's Cathkural, on the corner of King and Chureh Streets, Some account of the first ecclesias- tical edifice built on this site will lie found in the fii-st clmpter of Dr. Scadding's History of the Secoml Decatie.* Facts bearing on tlu subse- (juent history of St, James's Church will be found scattered here and tliere throughout the volume. The presiiiit stately Cathedral is tin; fourth place of worship erected on the site, and wa.'-' liuilt to replacti the structure con- sumed in the great fire of Ajiril, IStO.f Its architect was tbe late Mr. F. VV. Cuiuberhvnd. It is of white lirick, with stone facings, and has accommo- (hition for ccndortably seating about 2,000 persons. The entire cost of its construction down to the present time, inclusive of the peal of bells in the * Ante, p, :IA »t rcq. t Ante, i>p. Iflfl UW. t ^r —•-I 1Jii 27(i MEMOIilAL VOLUME. .L tower, has been al>oufc $218,000. Its entire lenijfth is 200 feet, the tran- sept beinc; !)■") feet wide. The .spire and cioclc are conspicuous features from all points of the conipas.s. In the inunediate neighbourhood of the Cathedral, on the corner of Church and Adelaide Streets, is the Parochial School-house. Next in importance among the Anj^lican chinches is the Church of THE Hoi.Y Trinitv, situated in Trinity Square. It was founded thirty- seven years ago, ami owes its existence to a donation of £.),000 from two sisters in England, wiiose names, at their own request, have not been made public. I'ntil within tiie last three or four years thi.s church was known for the extreme high i-itualism of its .services, but under the present incundient the.se features have been greatl)' modified. It is still specially distinguished by tlie excellence of its choir, wiiich is largely com- posed of boys, whose sweet voices form admirable adjuncts to the beauti- ful and impressive services of the church. The building is of white brick, and oblong, in what is known as the(lebas(>d tJothic style, with a shallow pi'ojection for a chancel and two shallow transepts. It is large and well- attended, more especially during even.song, when it is frecpieirly crowded to the doors, every available inch of space being occupied by an attentive and appreciative congregation. ('liief among the other Anglican churches are St. (jEORfiE's, near the head of John Street, on the east side ; Sr. Li'Kk's, a beautiful new church of red brick, on the corner of St. Joseph and St. \'incent Streets ; St. Fall's, on the south side of Bloor Street, between Jarvis and Church; the Church ok TirE Redeemer, on the corner of Bloor Street west and Avenue Road ; (iRACE Chi'Rch, on the south side of Elm Street, between Ti'raulay ami Elizaln'th Streets; the Church of the Ascension, on the south side of Richmond Street west, between Yoik and Simeoi' Strc^ets ; Am, Saints', on the coiner of Sherbourne Street and Wilton Avenue ; St. Stephen's, oh the corner of Ueilevue Avenue and College Street; 'I'liiNiTY CiiCRcH— commonly known as "Little Trinity" (Imilt pre- cisely t'oi'ty-one years ago), on King Street east; St, Matthias', on liell- woods Avenue, near (,Mieen Street west; the ClIURCH 01' St. JoHN THE Evanoei.ist, corner of Portland and Stewart Streets ; St. Peter's, corner of IJIeeker and Carlton, and Sr. l'iiii.ii''s, corner of St. I'atriek Street and Spadina Aveinie. 'J'here aie also St ThoMAs'.s, Huron Street, corner of Sussex Avenue ; St. Anne's, Duti'erin Street; (Jhrist Church, Yonge Street ; St. Rartiioi.omew's, River Street ; Si'. Matthew's Kingston lload ; St. Harnaiias', I )oneaster, and St. John's, Norway. t t -•-(H TORONTO: PA.'iT AND PHEtiENT. 277 Tlie principal ecclesiastical edifice of the Roman Catholic hoAy is the Catiikduai, OF St. Michaei,, a fine specimen of Gothic architecture, built of white brick, and situated on the north side of Shuter Street, with its front facing on Bond Street, and its rear abutting on Church Street. The tower and .spire are of rare beauty, and have extorted admiration from countless visitoi-s. Surmounting the latter is a gilt cross of colo.ssal •limensions, which is said to contain a portion of the True Cross upon which the Saviour of mankind suffered. The interior of this beautiful and highly decorated Cathedral is very capacious, and tne number of I'egular worshipixjrs there is greater than at any other place of wor- ship in the city. The musical services are of a very high order. Imme- diately to the north of the Cathedral, fronting towards Church Str* st, is the official paTacc or residence of His Grace the Archbishop, a spacious edifice of white brick, at the rear of a miniature forest of umbrageous trees. The other noteworthy Roman Catholic churches are St. Basil's, built on a portion of the old Elmsley farm, St. Joseph Street ; St. Paul's, on Power Street, originally built in 182G; St. Patrick's, William Street; St. Mary's, Bathurst Street ; and St. Peter's, corner of Bathui-st and Bloor Streets. There are also St. Joseph's, Leslieville, and St. Helen's, in the far western portion of the city. A special service for the benefit of French Roman Catholic residents is also held at the ('iiapklof St. Vincent, situateil at 200 Church Street, immediately adjoining St. Michael's Palace. The Methodist body is very strongly represented in Toronto, and about one-fifth of the places of woi-ship in the city are occupied by its adher- ents. Conspicuous altovo all the rest is the imposing Metropolitan Chi'Rch, situated in the centre of the ([uadrangle enclosed by Church, Queen, Bonil and Shuter Streets, which i|uadrangle was formerly known as McGill Square. This enclosure is about three acres in extent, and is tastefully laid out with ornamental trees and shrubbery. The situation is incomparably the finest in Toronto devoted to ecclesiastical purposes, and every beholder who sees this church for the first time is impressed by its appearance. The church is of white brick, of great size, and with a nuissive tower thirty feet S(|uare, surmounted bj' smaller towers which are conspicuous features in the landscajK' foi' a great distance. The seat- ing capacity is about 2,500, and there are seldom to be seen many vacant places during the Sunday .services. The church faces the south, but there are three iMitrances, the main one being from Queen Street, the others respectively from Ciiurch and Bond Streets. The cost of construction -^(H 278 MEMORIAL VOLUME. was about SliiO.OOO, a great portion of which was raised by the energy and enthusiasm of the late Rev. Dr. William Morley Punshon. For some years before Mr. Punshon's arrival in Canada, in 18(38, the VVesleyans of Toronto had felt the need of a more commodious church edifice than they possessed. His arrival gave an impetus to this sentiment, which he himself largely shared. He devoted much time to raising the necessary funds for the carrying out of the idea, and when it had been succes.sfully accomplished, he himself pronounced the Metropolitan to be unequalled among the Methodist churches of the world. J'he recent union of the several bodies of Canadian Methodists, by con- solidating the forces, is likely to give additional importance to Canadian Methodism as a whole. Of the score or thereabouts of churches in Toronto devoted to their form of worship, the most noteworthy, next to the Me- tropolitan, is the one on the corner of Sherbourne and Carlton Streets. Conspicuous among the rest may be mentioned those respectively situated on Elm, Bloor, Queen, Carlton, Berkeley, Bathurst and Richmond Streets, and that on Spadina Avenue. The Presbyterian body is another powerful force in the religious and social life of Toronto. Their two princi|)nl places of worship are St. Andrew's Chimich and that on the north side of St. James's Square. They are both constructed of stone, and are entitled to rank among the architectural ornaments of the city. The former, .situated on the corner of King and Himcoe Streets, especially extorts the admiration of stran- gers. The material enqiloyed in its construction is chiefly what is known as Georgetown rubble, with Ohio stone facings, some of the relieving arches and bands being of red-brown Queenston. The st3'le of architee- tine is miildle Norman, such as was much in vogue in Scotland in the twelfth anil thirteenth centuries. The chief characteristics of the front, which faces northward towards King Street, are three large and highly ornamented semi-circular arches, on each side of which rises a ma.ssive pointed tower. Arches of similar character, but of smaller dimensions, surmount the windows towards Simeoe Street, beyond which is a large feudal tower, rising to a height of 116 feet, and commanding a wide and variegated prospect. The polished red granite columns of the mnin en- trance are also a noticeable feature. St. Andrew's has a large and wealth}' congregation, who justly pride theuLselves upon their beautiful temple of worship. The St. Jamks's Sqitark Preshyterian Church, situated on the north side of (ierrard Street east, facing the Normal School grounds, is another noticeable specimen of stone architecture. It is pure Gothic u -*(H TORONTO: PAST AND PRESENT. 279 in it« character, and is Imilt of Oeorgetown coursed lul.l.le, with Ohi(^ stone jambs, angles, nwuldiugs and huttr&sse.s. The main gahle rises to a height of seventy feet, with three large tracery windows, the centre one heii.g of heavy and elaborate design. Tliere are three towers, one on each side, and the main tower, 100 feet high, to the west of the gable, is of the most massive character. As means of e.xit -jid entiance, this chui-ch is provided with six doors, two on the front and four on the sides. The adoption of the square form of plan in churclies, in preference to the oblong, has frequently produced an unlovely and unecclesiastic exterior. No such result is perceptible here, but the reverse, the transepts and roof of the school rooms having been designe.l to add to the apparent length of the chin-cli, and give tlie whole a dignified grouping. Old St. Andhews, on the corner of Jarvis and Carlton Streets, facing the former, comes next in beauty of architecture au)oiig the Presbyterian churches of Toronto. This, also, i.'i iu the Oothic style. Though much less elaborate in design and finish than eitlier of the edifices just described, it po.sse.sses an austere and massive dignity of its own, and forms an additional ornament to the beautifid avenue which it overlooks. Knox Churcu, o!i the north si(h' of Quetn Street west, near Yonge, is another well known Presbyterian place of worsliip. It is built Ijf white brick, and has a lofty tower, highly ornamented at the base. Further east, on th.! corner of Mutual and Queen Streets, is Cooke's Church, a neat and substantial edifice of white brick. Krskine Church, on Caer Howell Street, facing William Street, another white brick edifice,' was partly destroyed by fiie a few months since, but is to bo restor- ed, when worship will be resumed within its walls. The Central Presbyterian Church, on the corner of Orosvcnor and St. Vincvnt Streets, is an elaborate white brick adaptation of Modern Gothic architecture. It is an exceedingly handsome structure, and the site upon which it stands is not only impres.sive in itself, but interesting from its historic as,sociations.* There are other Presbyterian Churches on Charles, College, (Jarlton, King, and Queen Streets, as well a.s on Denison Avenue, and in several of the former suburbs wliich have of late been admitted into the corporation. The Baptist body is also well represented in the city. Their principal place of worship is on the north-east corner of Jarvis and Gerrard Streets, where it roars its lieautiful double front and lofty spire to the admiration of passers b y. It is a Gothic stone structure, impressive t 2hO MEMORIAL VOLUME. without, aiul most tastefully arrangod witliiii. Its erection is unilerstootl to have been largely due to the liberality anil niuniticence of the Hon. Williauj McMaster. There are five or six other Baptist Churches in Toronto, tlio chief anumg them being situatt'il on Alexander, CJoUege, Beverley, Yonge, and I'arliament Streets. The Congregational ists are most numerously represented in their tine cluirch edifice on the north-west ct)rner of Bond Street and Wilton Avenue. It is a substantial, modern (Jothic building, of Georgetown stone, with Ohio dressings and slated roof. It has two towers, the principal one, twenty feet s([uare, and rising to a heiglit of 130 feet, being on the south-west corner. Tiie other, on the north-west corner, is about sixty- tive feet high. Between the towers on the west side and on the north and soutli sides theie are gaViles with lai'ge tracery windows, and a num- ber of small ones under. The space between the gables and towers are also tilled in with windows. The roof forms an octagon, rising from almost a scjuare at the cornice, and fro- the centre of that there is a second octa- gon, rising .several feet, and roufed to the same pitch as the church roof. In each wing of this octagon there is a gable with a tracery window, and a jiinnacle on eacli angle of the octagon between the gables. This strikes the eye of the spectator outside, and also serves tlie purpose of lighting the dome and ventilating the inteiior. The main entrances to the clnuch are through the towers. After entering the towers there are wide easy- ascending staircases springing right and left to the gallery. On the ground Hoor the vestibule extends past the staircases to the auditorium, which is built in the amphitheatre style. Among the other (yongrega- tional places of worshij) in the city, special mention is due to Ziox Church, a red brick structure on the north side of the Yonge Street Avenue; the NoKTHEitN Co.NCiRKUATiONAL, on the west side of Church Street, between Alexander and Wood Streets; Hazelton Avenuk CuURiH, corner of Scollard Street, Yorkville ; and the snuill church on Spadina Avenue. Tlie Unitarians have a neat and comnu)dious church on the west side of Jarvis Street, between Wilton Avenue and Gerrard Street. It is built of white biiek, in tlie mediieval Gothic style of architecture, and in all its api)ointnients is more conspicuous for .staid good taste than for ela- borateness of design or execution. It has acconunodation for comfortably seating five or six hundred persons. The congregation, though not numerically large, is comi)Osed of persons of intellectual energy and en- lightened idea.s, who dt.'vote nnich time to the cause of temperance and other works of practical philanthropy. - TORONTO: PAST AND rjiEHENT. 2X1 The (Catholic Ajwstolie body have a whitf luick churph at the south- east. aii;^k' of UouM and Victoria Streets, facin;; St. James's S((uare, and overlooking tlie ]ilea.sant and tastefully-arranged grounds of th( Eduea- tion Department. The Reformed Kpi.scopalians luive a fine hi-iek ehurch on the south-east eorner of Caer Howell and Sinicoe Streets. The Bible Christians have churches on Agnes, Loui.sa and Brock Streets. The Lutherans have a comfortable place of meeting on the west side of Bond Street, a .short distance north of Wilton Avenue. The Plymouth Brethren, C'hristadelphians, Swedenborgians, and " Friends," all have fitting temples of worship, and the Hebrews have a red brick synagogue on Riclujiond Street west. In addition to the places of woi-ship commonly so called, there are also several places in the city where weekly services are held by ministers of religion and others who are not identified with any recog- nized sect of ( 'hristians. EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONa. In no direction hjus Toronto made more significant advances ♦han in her educational institutions. In 1844 — forty years ago — only twelve teachers were employed in the public schools. There are at the pie.sent time twenty-two Protestant and eleven Romar !atholic public schools, be- sides private schools too nunieious to count. At the period first referred to, Upper Canada ('oUoge and the Gvannnar School were the only insti- tutions which pretended to teach nny of the higher branches of learning. There are now the Toronto University, Trinity College, the Collegiate Institute, Knox College, St. Michael's College, McMaster Hall, WydiH'e College, the Bi.shopStrachan School for Ladies, and the Normal ami Model Schools, in addition to the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario, the Ontario College of Pharmacy, the School of Chemistry, the Ontario Veterinary College, the College of Dental Surgeons, the School of Dentistry, the School of Practical Science, the School of Medicine, and the Trinity MedicJil School. To refer at length to these respective insti- tutions would occupy time and space interminable. A few words as to several of the more importiuit of them, however, would seem to be called for in this place. The buildings of the ITnivehsity ok Toronto are worthy of the mag- nificent site upon which they are erected, and are entitled to rank among the finest architectural effects on this continent. The only structures in Canada that can claim superiority over them, or that can seriously claim rivalry with them, aie the Parliament Buildings at Ottawa. They are KK I 4 282 MEMORIAL VOLUME. situated on a natural elevation immediately beyond the ravine in the Queen's Park, and command a prospect of rare variety and beauty. They were completed in 1859, from designs by Messrs. Cumberland &• Storm, architects, of Toronto, and were thereupon at once occupied l>y the Uni- versity and (.■ollege, which had for some years previously found head- (juarters in the Parliament Buildings, on Front .Street. The material of the walls is st(me, which imparts an aspect of gi-eat solidity, and, owing to the walls having been left for the most part superlicially in the rough, the pile already impresses the beholder with the idea of age, though barely a quarter of a century has elapsed since its completion. The architecture is pure Nornuin, and is finished with great elaboi'ation of detail, The general outline is nearly in the form of a sipnire, with a spacious internal quadrangle about 200 feet wide, facing the north. The principal front is towards the south, and is about a hundred yards in length. The massive tower in the centre is 120 feet in height, anf (he following yi'ai' the iniiuguration took place, and the regular course of instruction began. The University was consti- tuted by royal charter dated the Kith of Jidy, I8.')2, and empowered to confer degrees in divinity, aits, law and medicine. While the instruction iind ili.scipline of the college are in accordance with the doctrine and practice of the Church of Kngland, the ( hancellor a'ld \'iee-Clianceilur are authorized to disjieiise with the usual declaration of nuuidiership of that Church in the ca,se of all degrees except those in divinity. The in- stitution ha.H steadily maintained n high reputation as one of our foremost seats of learning. The building is of white brick, with st/one dressingH, Mild is situateil in a s|)acious park of about twenty acres ni extent, on Queen Street west, about a mile and a half from Yoiige Strei't. Its doMijfn is that of the Third i'eriod of jjointed Knglish archilecturp, .somewhat moililied with a view to its adajitatioii to the occasional severity of our ■- TORONTO; ..'AST AND PRESENT. 283 Canadian cliinatis. Tho edifice faces the soutli, and has a frontage of 250 feet. Tlu! main entrance is tlirongli a porch of cnt stone, sunuonnted by a hay window and an ornaini'iited yahle. Ornamental j,ml>les are also introduced in each of th.- winj-s. A liandsome and elal»>r it.'ly finisiie.l turret surmonnts the centre of t!ie l)iiiidinody in this Province. Its funetiotis are ci.nfined exclnsividy to divinity. Jt was originally founded shortly after the disruption of 1X44, and for some time its Olieiatioiis were conducted on a very limited scale, only two teachers l.eing .-mployed, and the students numheringonly foiu- teen. Jt has long outgrown such a state of things, and for years past has been recogni/ed as one of the leading theological schools of the Dominion. The jiresent huilding was opene.l in October, 187"). Its situation is at the head of Spailina Avenue, several hundred yards to the west of the Uni- versity. The arehitecturo is Oothii', the material being white brick, with of the most beautiful structures devoted to ed .cational purpo.ses in the Dominion, and, like the Ikptist ('lunch on thi« coiner of Jar>is and (lerrard Streets, it owes its existence mainly t<. the liberality and energy of the Hon. William McMaster. The material employed in its construction is Credit Valley stone, with ilressings of red l)rii'k. It is of the composite order of architecture, with numerous turrotH and ga les, ;ind the blending of colours produces a very fino etlect. The institution has entered upun m prosperous and useful career, ami will perpetuate the name of its unniificent founder. It may here be a.hled that, while the Kpiscopalians, Presbyterians and Baptists all have costly demiininational colleges in Toronto, the large and infiuential Methodist body are up I., this time m.t jin.viih'd with any. The reason of -- M 284 MEMORIAL VOLUME. this is tliat they have long iiad an excellent ami widelj -known institution at Cuhourg, oalleil Victoria College. During the last year or two there has been a good deal of agitation on the subject of removing this seat of learning to Toronto, and there seems to be gooil reason for believing that the removal will sooner or later take place. TliK. ri'PEiJ Canad.v (.'oi,lkuk has already been referred to in the text* as having been founded under the auspices (if Sir John Colborne in iSiil*, so that it has now been in existence for about tifty-five years. Inclusive of tile buililings and grounds, ii. occupies the entire quadrangle enclosed by King, Simcoe, Adelaitle and John Streets. The original (Jollege liuild- ing is remembeied by most residents of Toronto. About five yeai>; ago the institution was entirely remodelled, and important additions were made. The old building is still retained entire, but in front of it has been eiecti'd an iniiosing addition of eighty-five feet frontage, l)y forty-five feet in depth, two stories in height, with a light French roof The j>rincipal entrance is in the centre of the front, giving access to a hall fourteen feet wiile, running the whole length of the united buildings. The exterior is designed in a moditied Klizabethan style, and Uhk a marked collegiate liuiracter, v.jth considerable pictiiresiiuenessof effect in detail and general treatment. The (.'ollege is divided into six forms or classes, ami the regu- lai' curriculum extends over a six yeais' course of .study; though by steady application many youths are alile to pass through all the forn>s in five, and some even in four years. Many of the leading personages in t'ana- ian public life receiviMl their early training at I'pper ( 'aiuida 0>nege, and though the institution is of somewhat li'.ss relative importance than formerly, owing to the better facilities existing throughout the land for aci|uiring an education, it still holds high rank, and is largely attended and ellii'ie'itly maintained. The tine range of buildings devoted to the Kuic.VTloN DkI'ARTMKNT vo\i Ontauk) oceuiiies the ijuailrangle enclosed by Church, Uerrard, Vic- toria and (iotdd Streets, known a.s St. Jaims'.s Sipuiie, an feet nigh In the exait centre of the building is a large hall, open to the roof, and lighteil by a lantern. At the level of the upper floor, a gallery • Anif, i.|i. 107 no. TORONTO; PAST AND PRESENT. 28r» runs round the hall, and is approached by three corridors leading respec- tively from the south, east and west. In this liuilding are the official heail- ((uarters of the Minister of Education .and the various officers through wlioni the educational system of the Dominion is carried on. Here, too, is an excellent lilirarj', especially rich in works bearing on the subjoct of education. The first floor is occupied by an interesting Museum and Art (iiiilery, both of which are open to the public free of charge, and these, with the lieautilul groumls outside, are among the most popular of our public resorts. The number of visitors increases year by year. The lepu- tation of the place has been widely spread altroad, insomuch that touiists visiting the city do not consider that they have seen what is best worth seeing in Toronto, until they have gone through the Mn.seum and Art (iallery of the Education Department. There can l)e no doubt that tliese institutions, though they do not challenge competition with the larger ami more costly collections of older lands, have done much to di.sseminate a love of the beautiful and a taste for art among the Canadian people. The NoKMAl, AM) MoDKL S('HO(»LH, situated in the same building, are among the best known and most useful of oin- eilucational institutions. The former, which dates from the year 1847, is intended for the training of teachers of public schools, and is regularly resorteil to by students from all parts of Ontario, and even, to some extent, from other parts of Canada. The latter is a pi'oper complement to the Normal, and gives practical ctlect to the instruction received there. In the same building is the recently established Ontakk) ScitoOL OK AuT, which bids fair to roduee important practical results, and from which higher I'esults may confidently be anticipated in the future, Midway between the rear grotnuls of this institution and College Street is the handsome structure known as Wvt'i.iFi-K Hai.i,. a Protestant Kpiscojial Divinity School, in- corporateil in IM"!*, the chief aim and purpose of which is to impart " .sound and comprehensive thcoiogieal training, in accordance with the distinctive principles of e\ angelical truth, as I'ndwdied in the Thirty -nine Articles," The Coi.l.KolATK Institi^TI;, on the ea.st side of .larvis Street. between Carlton and (ierrard Streets, has doiu-, and still continues to do, good work in its especial province. The hlsmu' Stuaiiian SiildOi, is a high class private eHtablishment for the education of young women and girls according to the method of the Anglican Cliurch, There are ■-♦■•• 28t; MEMORIAL VOLUME. many other excellent private schools in the city, as well as several coni- nuTcial colleges of repute. The puMic schools art! nnnieroiis, and, generally speaking, efficiently conducted, though there is a stea<'y and ever increasing demand for additional puhlic school accommodation, and many of the teachers are handicapped hy overcrowded cla-ssea. The actual number of public schiK)ls in Toronto at the present time is twenty- two, '{'here arc also eleven Sepaiute .Schools, as they are called, for the ediuation of Roman Catholic pupils. The higher and general education of the chiltlren of lloman Catholic parents is further am])ly provided for by the De La Sam.k Institutk, the St. Maiiy's Ln-stiti'tk, St. Mhiiaki/s, St. Ai.i'iiosso's, St. IjAsii.'s, and St. Ciiam-ks and St. Fkancdis Xavikh Schools; the LouKTTo Convent, Louixro Aniii;v, and St. Joseph's ami Sr. Mahv's Aeailemies. it is due to the memory of the late vonei-able Dr. Figortjn Rj'crson to record tlie fact that the educational system of this Piovince was mainly established by his long and untiling exertions. In \M^ he received the aj>))ointment of SU|ierintendent of I'ublic Schools for Upper Canada. He held this appointiiient for thirty-two years, anil resigned it in liSTti. IJiiring the interval he founded and administered the public .school .system with a zeal and efhciency wliich have deserved and received the liighest encomiums from many of the leading educationists of two continents. I)ishi)|i Frazcr, of Manehestei', Kngland, in a report on Caiuulian Schools, jiublished in l.Sfi.'i, bore the following unimpeachable testimony to the impoi'tance of r)r. Kyerson's labours. " It is indeed very remarkable to me that in a country occupied in the greater part of its area by a sparse and anytliing but wealthy popidation, wliosc predominant ciiaracteristii' is as far as possible removed from the spirit of cntcrpiise, an educational system so com)ilete in its theory and so capable of adaptation in practice should have lieen originally organized, ami have been maintained in what, with all allowances, must still be called successful operation, for so long a period as twenty-five yeai's. It slunv," what can bcaccomj)lislied by the energy, determinatiiin and devotion of a single earnest man. What national education in Kngland owes to Sir J. K. Shuttleworth, what education in New Kngland owes to Horace Mann, that debt education in J'anada owes to Kgerton llyeison. He has been the object of bitter abuse, and of not a littli- misivpresentation ; but he has not swi^rved from his policy, or from his fixed ideas. Through evil rejjort and good report he has ri'.solvHd, ami he luis found others to support him in the resolution, that fri'c education .shall be placed within the reach of every Canadian parent for every Canadian eliiid." In l.sTf! the ofhce of Huperintondent TORONTO: PAST AND PRESENT. •287 of Ediica^lDii was abolished, and the public school system was i)laccil in charge of a Minister of Education, having a seat in the Provincial Government. The Hon. Adam (Jrooks was appointed to that onerous position, and, on more than one occasion, he bore testimony to his appreciation of ])r. Ryerson's great services to the cau.sc of education in Upper (Janada. The Kindergarten system has been tried in the public schools of Toronto dining the last few years with some measure of success, and niunerous small private establishments modelled on the tierman plan are to be met with here and there throughout the city. OsoooDE Hall may appropriately enough be classed among the educa- tional institutions of Toronto, as, though it is chietly devoted to other than educational purposes, it is here that law students are examined in their sevei'al years, and ai'e finally examined iis to their fitness to practice at the bar and as attorneys respectively. "The Hall," as it is commoidy called by members of the legal profession, is one of the most stately and imposing edifices in the city, whether regarded from outside or inside, and is un((uestional>ly one of the highest architectural triumphs of .Mi-. W.G. Storm. It is named in honour of the Hon. William Osgoode, the first ( 'hief Justice of Upper Canada. Its situation is on Queen Street west, at the head of York Street, and the grounds extend from Chestnut Street westward to University Street. Here are the headipiarters of the Superior Courts ; here writs of summons and original processes are issued ; and here the Terms of the Superior Courts are held at stated periods. Here, in a word, are the headiiuarters of the Sujjcrior Courts in this Pro- vince. O.sgoode Hall is the propei'ty of the Law Society of Upper I'anadn, Incorporated in 17!)7. The oldest portion of the building, consi.sting of the front of the present east wing, was begun in bS29, but not completed for occupation until 1832, when the first Convocation of Ueuchers within its walls took place on the tith of February. In 18+") the west wing was completed, and a connecting range was erected with a largo surinouuting dome. About ten years afterwards the entire (■entral structure was remodelled, and during the next four years a haiid.some facade of cut stone was elected, flic ilonie being removed. As completed in l.S.V.t, Osgoode Hall wtvs at once an ormiment to the city and a credit to the legal profession. Of late years there have been still further additions and improvements, and as it now staml.s, the Toronto Temple of Themis would confei' additional grace upon any city in the worhl. An intel- ligible account of its architecture and interior arrangements would occui)y more space than can here be accorded to it. Sullice it to ((uote the words T -^ 288 MEMO HI A L V( )L UME. (if a learno General Post Oi-fice, situated on the north side of Adelaide Street east, and commanding the whole of Toronto Street from its front entrance, is a fine and costly specimen of architecture. It was compietercnt device in the way of foliage carved upon it. The panels below the windows of the ground story aie filled with heads lepresenting various animals cut in masterly style. ► •-• t TORONTO: PAST AND PRESENT. 291 Tlie keystones of soinc of these windows represent the heads of Commerce, Agriculture, Floriculture, Shipping, etc., while on others arc carved the lieads of Palladio, Galileo, and other eminent men of the fifteenth century. All the windows have transoms, on the circular pi)rtions of which are carved the coats of arms of the most ftimous seaports of the world. Im- mediately under the cornice which separates the first story from the .second, is an ..-laborately carved band or cordon of foliage encircling the whole of the cut stone faofidcs. The windows of the .second story are semi-circu- lar, with boldly-enriched archivolt mouldings surrounding them, butting against heavy keystones on which are incised nautical emblems. The tympana of these windows ai'e filled with medallion heads, and with foliage in the spandrils. The.se heads are carved witli great spirit, and represent such famous navigators as Frobisher, Drake, Hudson, Blake, Raleigh, Columbus, and Vasco di Gama. The colunms of the portico on the ground are e.\teriially, as well as internally, clustered, from the elabo- rately carved caps of which spring no less ornamental archivolt mouldings. The niches on the inside of the portico are beautifully enriched witli carved moulding.s, resting on sills supported on corbels representing differ- ent plants. Although the style of architecture adopted is Renais.sance, the ornamentation is not of that entangling and complicated nature which pervaded it at its later period, and which distressed the eye to look at, and pei-plexed the mind to fath.jm its meaning. The ornamentation, though elaborate, is natural, and forms a component part of the building. The structure took two years to erect. It cost about §l(),"),000, and was first occupied in November, 1870. The present Collector of (Justoms is the Hon. James Patton, Q.C., LL.D. St. Lawrence Hall, on the south side of King Street eajst, ha.s long been a well-known landmark in the topography of Toronto. Mr. Tare's " Handbook," published twenty-si.K years ago, contains an elaborate archi- tectural description of it, which it is not considered necessary to tran.sfer to these pages. SufHee it to say that its huge clock is daily consulted by thousands of street passengers, and that our principal market is situated here. The other chief local markets are St. Andrew's, on Little Rich- mond Street, and St. 1'atrick's, on Queen Street west. At the rear of the St. Lawrence Market is the Citv Hall, with a frontage of 140 feet. Like the Parliament Buildings, already referred to, it is mean and insig- nificant in appearance, wholly unsuited to tV.o. puriwses for which it is re(piired, ami it is likely to be replaced by a more suitable and com- modious structure in the near future. A similar criticism may be psiss- ed upon the Court House, on Adelaide Street east, a new and improv- -d*- "^"Ig Mi ■iiai ♦ (N 295 MEMOHIAL VOLUME. ed eilitiou whereof is to be erected on Queen Street west, at the head of Bay. The new Fkee LuiRAUV Building occupies the site Ibnnerly occupied by tlie Meelianics' Institute, on the north-west corner of Church and Adchiide Streets. Indeed, it is in part the .same buildinj;j, hut entirely remodelled, and with important additions and modifications in tlie ivar. The Canaiiian Institite. Richmond Street east, is a tasteful red brick structure with white stone facings, in the Parisian R('nais.sance style of architecture. It is the headquarters of the only prominent scientific so- ciety in this Province, and contains lecture and reading;- rooms, in addition to a library chiefly composeil of scientific books and periodicals for tlie use of membeis. SfliFTESBUitY Haij., on the corner of James Street and Queen Street west, near Yonge, is the headquarters of the Young Men's Christian Association. It contains a library and free reading-room, in addition to a hall which is largely used for lectures and other public en- tertainments. Tile Industrial ExHimxioN Assoiiation Buildings, with their ad- juncts, occii{)y a tract of about sixty acres of land on the lake .shore, im- mediately to the west of Dufterin Street. The circumstances under which this A.ssociation .sprang into existence, and imder which their great enter- prise was launched, have been fully detailed in the last chapter of the foregoing history of Toronto. The appearance of the buildings and park is familiar to almost everybody in this Province, and to many thousands of other persons who have attended one or more of the five great exhibi- tions which have been lic'd tliere. The site of old Fort llouillsitc Gerrard Street. The House of Indus- try, on the corner of Elm and Elizabeth Streets, is a white brick edifice of considerable size. It furnishes an asylum for the indigent poor, anminently suggestive of the pilatial club-hou.ses of that magnificent pro- menade. Of the beautiful .sandstone building of the Dominion B.vnk, on the busiest of all the many bu^'y sites of tie city — the south-west cor- ner of King and Yonge Streets — no higher praise can be given than to say that it is worthy of its situation. With fewer architectural preten- sions, the structure of the BANK OF Montreal, on the north-west corner of Front and Y'onge Streets, is a solid, substantial stone pile, characteristic of the wealthy and far-reaching institution which finds a home there. The Bank of British North America stands on the north-east corner of Wellington and Yonge Streets, where it is a conspicuous and imposing ^l-> •■(I* ^^f^^ipvmsBmim. -♦♦ 2!)4 MEMORIAL VOLUME. laiulmark. A few yanls furtlicr nortli, on tlic north-oast corniT of C'ol- borne ami Yongo Streets, is the Bank or ruMMKltCE, another of the most solid of our tinaiicial institutions. The Mkrciiants' Bank is on Welling- ton Strei^t west, opposite the foot of Jordan .Street ; and the Kkdkhai, is a few yards farther westward on the sanii^ street. The beautiful cut stone building of the OxTAUIo Bank stands at the north-east corner of Wellington and Scott Streets. A little ftn-ther lo the west, on the north- west corner of Wellington Street and Exehango Alley, is the 1mim:kial F^ANK ; and further west still, beneath the same roof as the Bank of 'I'oroiito already mentioned, is the Toronto agency of the QCEHEC Bank. The Sta.VDAIM) Bank is on the south-west corner of Wellington and Yongc Streets, but a new building for its accommodation i.s now in course of crectifin on the north-west corni'r of Wellington and .fordan Streets. Mor.soNs is at present situated at No. l(i, King Street west, but is to occupy premises iii the magnificent Areaile wliich is to be built in the near future by Mr. Alexander Manning, at the 'var of tlu! (Ii'and 0]iera House, and facing on King Street. The latest additiim to the eharterecl banks of Toronto is the ("kstual, situated in the tine new building situated on the cast side of Yongc Street, a few yards north of Wellington Street. Besides the ordinary chartered banks already mentioned, there are numerous well-managed savings i>anksand loan in- stitutions, the mere enumeration of which would occupy considerable space. THE PRESS. In nothing is the enterprise and intelligence of Toronto more percepti- lile than in the number and character of the daily newspapers issued from the local press. An account of tlu; founding of the (li, widely known and read than any other news- pajter in thi' Dominion. It is the chief organ of the Heform jjarty in this Province, and the most formidable of all journalistic opponents of the prc- scpi ( lovernmenl at Ottawa. The otlices are at "id and "ii King Street east. The .Ma II,, as everybody knows, is the organ of the Liberal Con- servative parly. It was founded in IM7'2, and has ever since been con- ducted with much ability. Alone among the newspajiers of Toronto, it is specially noticeable for the attention it bestows upon purely literary matters. Like the (ttiih<\ it issues a morning and an evening edition, and circulates to a greater or less extent all over the Donnnion. Its building • AlUr, lip. I'.f.' r.i.i. Ml*- TOHONrO: PAST AND PliESJ'JNT. 295 on the north-west corner of King and Bay Streets i.s one of tlie finest ami best appointed newspaper oJKces in America. On t)ie 24th of May, iti tiiis present year, it suffered considerable damagf) by fire, but is being- rapidiy repaired, and by the time these lines meet the public eye its restoration will probably be conipleted. The News is another enterpiising journal, issuing morning and evening editions. It is of recent birth, Init has already won its way to wide recognition by the outspoken character of its views and the marked ability of its editorial articles. It is an exponent of the extreme democratic i)rinciple as ajiplicl to Canadian affairs, and advo- cates Canadian independence. No paper in the Dominion is so widely .pioted by its contemporaries throughout the land. Its oHiees are on the west side of Vongc Street, a short distance south of Adelaide Street. The W()iii,i) is a morning paper only, and issued atone cent. It is bright, new.sy and readable, devotes special attention to finaiicial and social matters, and is an advocate of Canadian nationality. Us oHico is situ- ated on King Street east, a few doors fn.m Yonge Stieet. The Ti:i,E(ii{AM i.- an evening paper, inoepend.'ut in politics, andj .ibli.shed at one cent. It enjoys a large local circulation, and is largely patronized by local adver- tisei-s. Its office is on the .south-west corner >A' King pnd Iky Streets, directly ojiposite the ,]f,nl building. These constitute the sum-total of the daily newspapers of Toronto. Tlie weeklies are very numerous, and many of them are conducted with marked ability and vigour. The CllursiiAN (iUAKDiAN. the organ of the Metho- dist body, is deserving of special mention. U was founded in l.Si'it - Hfty-fiv.^ years ago— ami was long edited by the late l{ev. Kgerton llyer- .s..n, who stamped his individuality upon it from the outset, it has ever since maintained a high reputation for the vigour of its articles. The Canada l'UKsi!vn.;ii'A>. also deserves honourable mention. As its name imlicates, it is the organ of a highly influential and intelligent religious body. It is eonducte.l with marked ability, and enjoys a large circulation, 'ihe Anglican body liave two weekly papers in the city— the Do.mimon < 'iiiiiciiiMAN and the KvANUEi.icAi, Cmucii.MAN. The fonner is of High Church p-oelivilies: the I Mer, as its name implies, being Kvangelical and Lo,vChu;vh. Th.^ 'a »)I.\n I'.ai'ti.st is the organ of the Ikptist denoniinalion, and a .s|>etiall> ,».\verful advocate of the Temperance plat- form. The li-isii ( 'ANAUiA.N and the TiiiiiUNr. are outspoken and widely- circulated advocaii's of Irish Catholic interests in Canada. The SKNTiMot is f !i(^ recogni/ed orga.; of the Orange body. 'i'li,. ( 'rri.ri:N is the aeknow- le.lged lo, a! organ of the Temperance eaii.se '|"li,' Moxktauv Time.s is the stamiard financial ano*- -•iH Hl-^ di 29G MEMORIAL VOLUME. fluence coiuinen.sumio with the importance of the subjects to which its columns arc devoted. The VVekk is a periodica! largely devoted tc lite- rary and social topics, and aiming at a higher standard than comvionly obtains among Canadian new;spapei-s. Tri'th is of a mo'e popiuar and domestic character, and finds a large numlier < if reailers ii .;ie rural dis- tricts. CiRip is a highly successful humorou,-. and satirical paper, illu.- trated b}- political and social cartoons, and by other suggestive views treated in the comic vein, 'i'here ai'e various other weekly papcra pub- lished in Toronto, among vt'hich arc several devoted to the learned pro- fessions. There arc nlso a nunil)er of monthly periodicals, conspicuous among whieh are the Caxauiax Mkthkdist MAOAZiNKand the Canaiuan Indkpende.nt. TiU'; Edi'<'Atiiinai. M(K\THi.vand the Sciiooi- Joirnai. are carefully edited oducational periodicals, much appreciated by those engaged in the pi-ofessiou of teaciiing. SOCIETIES. The secret ;\iid other societies of Toronto are too numerous to admit of anything beyond the briefest lefeicnce here. Tlie Masii.nic IkxIv have fourteen local lodges under the jiii'isdiction of the (irand LoS, from designs by Mi, William Katitliuan, the niateiials employeil being Obit) freestone ami iron, it has a frontage of l()"i feet and a depth of 7'> i'eet. The central portion is six stories high, the renuiinder five. The principal Lodge Room is of vast size and most Imposing apiiearanee. The Olti) Fiil.l.ow.s have ten lodges, nine of which mret in the hall on the corner of Vonge and Albert Stroets, The Ohanhk body base three District lodges, each of which has a sejiarate hall of meeting. Tni; Sons m' Te.mi ki.anck have three divisions, and the (iiidii 'i'KMPI.AHs have eight lodges, meeting in ditli'i-ent parts tjf the city. The A.S(U;.NT CllDKH (il'F(ll(i;.STKIt.S, the (.'ANADIAN DHDKU (IK FoRESTKKS, the KNKiHTs (II- I'vniiAs, and the .VncikntOudkh ()|- U.Nrn:i» WduioiKN nro all fully leiiicsented in the cit, , as also are tlieClU'iicii (ir ENfii.A.NK and other Ti-mpernnce Hocieties. The principal nuisical associations are the I'llII.IIAHMdNK , the ClKHiAl,, and Si'. C Kill. I. \ Societies. t TORONTO: PAST AND PRESENT. 207 PARKS AND OEMETERIBS. The Queen's Park is tlie largest and best patronized of our " brcatliiny spaces." It formerly contained considerably more than 100 acres of gronnd, but has since been soiiiewliat curtailed of its proportions by the leasing of building lots to private persons. It is, howevei, still large ami commo- dious, extending from Bloor Street, on the north, to the Yonge Street Avenue on the south. The eastern and western limits are not easily de- fined, owing to irregularities of boundary lines. Entering the Park from the south, the visitor is confronted by a mound, rockery, and miniature fountain, all of which are of rather insigniticant proportions. Two cannon brought from Sebastcjpol command the splendid vista of the Queen Street AvenKC. Diverging roads here branch off" t the east and west, to meet again several hundred yards further north. In the centre of the space en- closed by these roads is the old dilajjidated building originally built for one of the wings of King's ( 'ollege. A short distance north-west of this structure is the Soldiers' Monument described on pages -J.")!', 2."):t, and -J')! ('I0.S0 by is the plain granite pedestal upon which the monument tc. the memory of the late Hon. George Drown is soon to be placed. Beyond the neighboiu'ing ravine the stately Uidversity rears its impo.sin;; front- Nearly the whole of the ea.stern boundary of the Park is fringeil with costly private mansions. The two branches of the < 'ollege Avenui' whieh lead to tiie southern entrance to the Park an^ in themselves most attrac- tive promenades, ni:)re especially the longer one, leading from (){w<']\ Street, which is a miniature Chumps Ely.sees. On pleasant Sunday afternoons, ;ind to a less extent on e\ ery other day in the week, both Park and Avenues are thronged with visitors. A portion of the Park is .specially set apart for ba.se-ball jdaying. Many of the trees, more esp cially in the northern and least frecpiented part, have attaineil large growth, and their wide-reaching nmlirageouH branches atlbrd pleasant sludter from the sun on a warm dav The HoUTlcil.TUUAI, (!\ni)i:NH are owned by a companv called tin* Toronto Horticultural Society. They oecujiy the greater part of the ipiad- rangl(M.^nclo.sed by (i.rrard, Sherbourne, Carlton and .larvis Streets, and contain ten acres of land, five of whieh were conveyed by deed of gift to the Society in l,S.".(i by the Hon. O W. .Mian, and the other liv.' were purdiased some years afterwards by the City Coiineil, and handed over to the Society cm a lease for 99 years. The.se gardens are tjistefully laid out, and kejit with •■v>-l) care. Tliey provide a pleasant place of recrea- tion for the public, and are largely resorteil to throughout the summer season. A large, .stately pavilion, three stories high, and built in the MM ? :■!"■» ■• M 298 MEMORIAL VOLUME. Crystal Paliice style, stamls near the western boundary of the gromK',:*, and is much u.-ioil for concerts ami other entertainments. A short distance from the front of this structure is a large and costly fountiiin. Seats are distriliuted here and there throughout tiiC grounds, which are a S|it'cially favourite resort of the .iiildren and nuisemaids of the neighbourhood. They are open free to the public during the summer, except while enter- tainments are in progress. RiVERO.VLE Park, enclosed by the angle of Winchester and Sunuich Streets, and extending to the banks of the Don, is a comparatively modern place of recreation which tinds much favour among the residents of the east end of the city. Tiie Normal SfU jot. Grounds have ii"'i'ady been referred to. The foregoing constitute tlio sum-total of the pu' 1, pa rk.-'., strictly so called, witliin tliecoi'poration. Tiie Island is raj.idly e : g into a park, as well as a siniii.ier residence, ami it has long since i ■ ■;',!> a frenuent [)]aee of resort for the citizens. Tiie pui'e air to be had tliere h; s lost none of the invigorating ipialities which cau.sed the Indians to resort thither in days long piist. as mentioned in the histo- rical ])ortion of tliis volume. At the east end of the Island are the free baths established two summers ago by Mr. Era,stus Wiman, of New York, formerly a resiilorit of Toronto. Meyond the city limits, liut of easy access, are Hiiiii Pakk, V'utouia Park, Loune Park, Rivkrsidk Park, Wood- uiNE Park, and Kew Gardens. The largest and most import4int cemeteries within the corporation are St. .l.VMKs's and tlie Ni'.citdi'oi.is. The former is beyond ail comparison the larger, moie plea.santiy situated, and more interesting. It contains sixty-five acres of variegated landscape, ami atlbrds sepulture to many of Toronto's illustrious dead. Tlu' ravine, tlirough wliieh Castle Frank Mrook rolls its .int very pi'llucid waters, is a favouiiti' spot willi \\ 'ti, l;i:), 1 Anir, p. IM, ,; Anir, pp, •.'2(1, ■1-/.1. t ^u TORONTO : PAST AND PRESJSNT. 29!) .ited to tliL- Roman Catholic lioily, and situated on the west side of Von<,'e Street, somewhat moi'e tlian a iniie north from Bloor Street. A littii- farther n(jrthward, and on the opposite side of Vonge Street, is MiH'nt Pr.EASANT Ckmktery, the "grounds wheieof are tastefully laid out and care- fully maintained. MISOBLLANEOUS. The railways running into Toronto have been sutfieiently indicated on former pages.* A word on e ir volunteer military organizations v.-ill here he in place. The Queen's Own and the Tenth Roy.vi. (Juena- DIEIIS — both of them purely local institutions — are entitled to a fore- most place auK.ng the militia regiment.s of Canada. The former, as already reco'.\Ied,f has become historical, through its gallant aehie\e- inents during the Fenian raiil on the Niatjara frontier, in June, 18(IG. The latter has had serious dirfieultie.s to contend with, but since its re- construction, about two years ago, it has apparently been on a solid and permanent basis. It numbers among its otHcers and in its ranks some of our best known and most popular citizei\s. Among other military organizations may be mentioned the Oovehnou ( '.eneual's Hodv Gl'AKD, the TouoNTo Field B.\ttehy, the Touunto Gaukisdn Autilleky, the Ontaimi) HiKi.E Association and the Sl'Hooi, ok Im'Antuy. The di-pots are the Ol.D FoUT, at the loot of Bathurst Strct't, on the lake shore ; the New Four, at the foot of Strachan Avenue ; and the AuMoruY, or DRILL Shed, near the foot of West Market Street. Of clubs, public and private, Toronto has her full share. Foremost among them must be ranked the Touonto Ci.Uli, a wealthy and exclusive institution situated on the east side of Vnvk Street, immediately to the south (if the Hossin House. Ne.\t in order conies the National Ci. in, situated on the western side of Buy Street, a few steps soutli (if King Street. It is of a decidedly Liiieral complexion, ami most of the lea«- 300 MEMORIAL VOLUME. rowing, curling, lacrosse, cricket and baae-ball clubs of Toronto might almost be mentioned by the score. Lacrosse being the national game of Canada, it is perhaps desirable to be somewhat more specific respecting tlie local clubs. The Toronto Lacuos.sk Club has been in existence about eighteen years, having been established in 18CG. From 1873 down to liust year its local games have chieHy been played in the grounds on the corner of Jarvis and Wellesley Streets. Its memlx'rs have recently ac(|uired, at a cost of $4o,000, a fine tract of land on the north side of Kim Avenue, llosedale, which has been fitted up with all the most efticient appliances, .so that it is one of the most thoroughly equipped lacrosse grounds to be found anywhere. The (jfticei-s are John Massey, President ; Frederick H. Clarvin, Secretary ; Ross Mackenzie, Treasurer ; R. B. Hamilton, Field Captain. The only other local club of special note is the Ontario Lai^rossk Club, organized during the jirescnt j'ear, mainly through the exertions of Mr. I). A. Rose, (of tUo Hose Publishing Company), I. H. McLean, and T. P. Phelan. Though it has .so recently come into existence it has already become a foiTJ 'li.Jile r-'al of the Toronto Club in popular favour and efiieient play- ing. Its [)ln';e of meeting is the plot of ground on the corner of Jarvis and Wellesley Streets already mentioned, and it takes rank as the second in imjiortanee among the clubs of Ontario. 'J'he piineipal officers are William Mulock, M.P., Hon. President ; Alderman Hastings, President. In the way of places of amusement Toronto is fairly provided for, though something additional is to be tjesired in this direetion. TheCuAND OpkuA HousK is entitled to rank as a first-class theatre in its general arrange- ments, and many of the leading stars of two continents have appeared upon its boards. Its situation is on the south side of Adelaide Street west, about fifty yards from Vonge Street. Its height is foui' stories, and its architecture is of the ornamental French Reiuiissance order. Two other theatres — the Queen's and the Royal Cpera House — were burned la.st year, and have not yet been rebuilt. The Pavilio.v of the Horti- eultucal (lurdens, and Shahteshury Hai.l, have already been refori-ed to under other headings * The Zoo, situated on the north-east corner of Front and Yoik Streets, is a miniature edition of the Creat Zoological (iardens in Regent's Park, London. It is an establishment of modern date, and started from very humble beginnings, but it has obtained a firm hold upon public favour, and must be regarded as a rising and prosperous in- stitution. The collection of ciniosities and living animals is already largo enough to justify its removal to a better and more conunodious site, • Antt, pi).W, W2. ,( -►(I- TORONTO: PAST AND PRESENT. 301 Our city has for many years enjoye-l a dcserveiUy liigli reputation for the excellence of the local hotels. Two of them, thoufjh of unpretentious architecture, arc entitled to rank, as to all their interior arrangement's, with the leading hotels of America. Several others are scarcely inferioi-, and if the author of " Lawrie Todd " could revisit the Toronto of to day, he would have little occasion to reiterate the doul.tle.'is well-founded com- plaints to which he gave curreney ttfty-eight years ago.* • Ante p. 94. ~ T i- ^* SS3S 802 MEMORIAL VOLUME. .^cini-(tcntcnnial Celebration. >v^ ^"Fia S recorded on a fonner page, arrangements were made during tlie winter of 1883-4, foi' a Grand Semi-Centennial Celebra- tion, to take jilaee in Toronto during the closing days of June \^ji-C^' a'1^1 the early days of July, 1884. The preparations extended ^/^ I through the spring of the year, and indeed up to the very eve •^*'*^ of the Celebration, which was idtinmtely settled to take place during the six days beginning on Monday, June 30th. and ending on the Saturday following. It is due to Mr. William Barclay McMurrich, ex-Mayor of Toronto, to state that the Celebration owed its existence very largelj' to ids sugges- tions, and to the energy and enthusiasm with which he promoted the project, from its original inception down to the time of its successful realization. Anything a]tproachingto a full and comprehensive account of this, the greatest event in Tt)ronto's civic history during the last fifty years, would of itself occupy a much larger volume than the one herewith submitted to the reader. All that can be attempted, within the few pages at the editor's disposal, is to arrange and condense, from the current newspapers of the time, such chief incidents and descriptions as may serve to perpe- tuate the occasion to futiu'e generations. The following is the list of membership of the various committees ap- pointed to caiiy out the Celebration : EXECUTIVK COMMITTEE. Chairmtin — W. B, McMrRuicH. His Worship the Mayor, Dr. Cico. H. Wright, Geo. M. Ro,se, A McCormick, James Hose, Wm Badenach, Samuel Trees, Lieut.-Col. Grassett, John Kent, Charles Marcli, R, B. Hamilton. J. B. King. >-u-#- TOEONTO: PAST AND PEESENT. 303 JIECEPT^'^N COMMITEK. Chairman— Hiii WoRSHrp the Mayok. Hon. Edward Blake, Aid. Brandon. M. Crombie, B. Cumberland, Homer Dixon, Col. C. S. Gzow,ski, Hon. Oliver Mowat, Thomas Moor, Aid. Moore, W. J. Macdonell, Hon. Senator Macplierson, Hon. Alex. Mackenzie, Robt. Pearson, Hi.s Lordship Bi.shop Sweafcnian, John Small, M.P., .1. F. Smith, Hon. Senator Smith, Dr. D. VVikon, Chief Ju.stice Wilson, P. G. Close. DECORATIONS COMMITTEE. Chairman — L. J. Cosgkavk. J. Aldridge, R. VV. Abell, R. Birmingham, Wm, Bell, Geo. Beals, Hugh Blain, Geo. E. Bedson, H. P. Boulton, Wm. Carlyle, Charles Chase, .r. Donough, E. Farthing, Jas. R. Gibson, Hon. Senator O'JJonohoe. Abram Henderson, John S. Johnston, G. Harris, Jno. Kennedy, Edward Lowes. L Lewis. Michael McCurdy, Andrew Mcintosh, Thos. McQueen, Alex. McGregor, John MoGlue, R. W. Mehlrum. S, J. Murphy, Alex. Manning. Charles March, James Ross, Francis Richard.son, Wm. Rennie, Aid. Sheppard, Frank Taylor, James Wright, Robert. Walker, Dr. J. E. White. T ►d^- , yfcr aL UW" 304. MEMORIAL VOLUME. i. COMMITTEE ON ARRANGEMENTS. Claiirman — Du. Geo. H. Wuioht. no. A;- iiiLr oiig, W. S. Baine«, Rev. C. W. E. Body, D. Hlaiii, Jno. Bailie, Will. Burns, E. F. Blake, R. L. Cowan, \V. Gibson Ca.ssels, J. (\).sgiave, C!eo. A. Chapman, Dr. C. \V. Covernton, Geo. T. Duncjin, R. Ealey, A. Fleming. .1. J. Foy, Wni. Gooderliam, A. (letliiis, Hi'v. .lolin Hogg, Jno. llariKT, .1. B. Hi'iuleison. \V. V. Haiuilton, Geo. Ifaniy, James Herson, John T. Hornlnook, Rev. Septiniu.s Jones, Samuel Keith, J. B. King, James Leslie, M. McCabe, R. AFcIntyre, Hon. Ale.x Morris, John Macdonald, J. J. Murphy, H. Norwich, E. B. Osier, L. Ogden, F. IMumb, Jno. S. Playfair, Viear-General Roone\', Francis Rush, R. Myle.s. J. J. W'ithrow, J. 1'. Wagii.M-, J. H. Wnaldes, A. G. Hodge. PRINTING AND INVITATIONS. Chalniutn — Sami'KL TREi-is. James Bain, Aid. Blevins, P. Boyle, E. H. Duggaii, A. T. Fulton, Robert Hay, MP., Aid. Hunter, James Mason, Wni. Nurse, Daniel Rose, J. S. Williams, Frederick Wyld, Geo. II. Wilke.s, Aid. Woods. i' " -- " TORONTO: PAST AND PHKSENT. 305 MEMORIAL VOLUME COMMITTEE. Chairmon — Rev. Canon ScADDi.st.. Siimufl Alcorn, Rev. L. Brennan, Dr. Will. Caiiniir, Dr. J. J. Ca.ssi(Jy, C. J. Campbell. Rev. Dr. Craven, W. Mortimer Clark, Rev. Dr. Castle. J. (!. Dent, Dr. \V. H. CuMkic, Thos. C. Irving. Geo. Murray, O. M. Ro.su, Dr. Jauie.s Ito.s.s, Rolicrt Spratt, Will. WeiUi, M.A. MUSIC (COMMITTEE. Chairman— J \s. B. Houstkad. -♦{H S. B. Brush, Dr. Uzziel Ogden, Marcellus Crombie, Henry O'iirien, Allan Cas.sels, Eugene O'Kei'fi", John Kent, Alil. Steincr, Father Laurent, V.G., Prof. Ramsay Wright, AM. Love, W. H. Viiiidersmissen. Geo. H. Mitchell, FINANCE COMMITTEE. Cltairmati — •Walteu S. Lke. James Austin, James Graham, VVm. Bailenach, S. B. Harniaii, James Beaty Jr., MP. J. B. Kin- Jolin liuins. Hugh Miller, W. H. Beatty, David Miller, John L. Blaikie, Wm. Muloek, M.P. Edwin Buchan, Matthew O'Connor, W. W. Copp, M. E. Snider, W. A. Douglass, An.lrew Smith, V.S., Wni. Elliott, A, Thornton Todd, Geo. Oooderham, Aid. Turner, Ed. Gurney, Jr. Henry Wade. NN t 30G MEMORIAL VOLUME. STREET PARADE COMMITTEE. Cli (I i rma7i — Lion ei. You k e. Will. Adiiiii.son, Aid. Barton, J. M. Buclian, Chas. Buin.s, Jno. Booth, Jno. Brook.s, Win. Cioplaiid, S. W. Downey, Jno. A. Donaldson Thos. Dulan, Geo. Evans, Alex. Edgar, E. Galley, Jno. C. Glen, Wm. Gee, Jos. Garden, A. W. Godson, G. A. Garratt, G. Groves, J. Hughes, John Haye, Jno. Hallam, W. J. Hanibly F. E. Lloyd, " John Hanrahan, W. B. Harvey, Aid. Irwin, Fred. Jenkins, Robt. Kerr, Thos. Lane, N. J. Lawler, W. J. Milling, W. Mansell, Jno. Mills, Dr. C. E. Martin, G. McMiiirich, A. McMurchy, J. W. O'Hara, Aid. Piper. Win. Petley, Alex. Patterson, James Rose, W. H. Rodden. A. W. Smith, James E. Smith, David Williams. W. Lee. COMMITTEE ON GROUNDS. C/tairr/KOf— RoBKiiT Bell. Hon. Geo. W. Allan, Wm. Armstrong. Major James Bennett, Hector Cameron, John W. Collins, Jno. Fawcett, Lemuel Felcher, Jno. Graham, R. Glockling, R. B. Hamilton, Peter Kearney, James Lennox, James McMillan, Aid. Maughan, W. C. \[athews, Henry Norris, Thomas Pitts. Aid. Pape, J. L. Rawbone, Fred. W. Smith. TORONTO: PAST AND PRBSBNT. 307 TABLEAUX COMMITTEE. Chaimiian~Dn. J. S. King. D. Breckin, C. H. Bi.shop. J. Booth, J. W. Caitor. W. J. Chick, H. E. CJarke, M.P.P. W. H. Doel, Aid. JDefoe, A. Fanence, J. Fawcetfc, D. Harnett, A. Henderson, J. Kelz, W. Lea, T. J. Macdonnell, A. McCormack, W. B. Phipps, J. R. Robertson, F. Sheppard, F. Somers, A. A. Slader, T. R. Wootl, W. Walsh, G. F. Frankland. MILITARY DISPLAY. CA«inn(wi— LiEUT.-CoL. G. T. Denlson. Major Allan, Lieut.-Col. DenLson, D.A.G. Major Da\v.«on, Captain Dolamere, Aid. Denison, Major Gray, (Japtaiu Gib.son, Lieut.-Col. Gra.ssett, Captain Ma.son, i('asant weatlier would luivu si-riously interfered, Iv.it tl»e wi'a- ther, although a little sultry, was delightfully fine. Nature hail appar- ently i)ut on her plea^• intest aspect, and smiled approval \ipon the pro- eeedings in celehration of an important event. The sun shone from a elear .sky, and although there were no elouos to interpr'o I>etwoen and ti'ni|ier the warmth of its rays, it was eomparati", I'ly kind, and probably fon'ot one ])art o*' its l)\isiiu'ss in contemplation of the preparations and exiitement beneath. 'J'lie shade tree.s, or at least their foliage-covered branches, swayed restle.ssly to .".nd. As the ilay adva.ieed, aiid the morning with its plea.sant air was gra- dually jiassiiig away, tlu' crash of bn.ss bands, as thi-y sudde:dy burst forth in lively juarching turn's, became more freiprent, and there was soon sutlicient music around the prirrcipal thoroughfar-es t > soothe even the most savage br'east. The crowds on the streets gi'ndually iircr'ea.sed, rrntil ])rogi('ss tluough thertr became somewhat dillicult. They were not the ot'dinaiy crowds which any rtromentaiy excitement will gather, but in themselves ];i-esented a novel and pleaning spectacle. The seail'.'t uidforniH TORONTO.- PAST AND PRESENT. 309 of the visiting volunteei-s thickly (lotting the throngs on evLiy tlioroiigh- fare, and tlio gay sununer attiro of the lailiis who formed, in more tiian one sense, a " fair" proportion of the sightseers, were uhiiost as ciiariniiig to K)ok upon as tliose who wore them. From near)}' eveiy eoat depended a Senii-Oentennial medal or souvenir, or fluttered the silk badge announ- cing tho wearer to bo an uttieial or some one with an active interest in tho Celebration. When noon was ?-^ached and pa-wcu, and tlie hour at whieh the expected procession would form drew near, the streets which formed part of tho route for the day became tilled with people. At the street eorner.s especially, the crowds grew large, and the peoj'le who compo'ied them gradually found themselves forced to struggle for a position from whicii the anticipated .spectacle might be witnessed, From eveiy window along tlie route, heads were peering, and from housetops, \ erandah i, and other points of vanUige, tlxnisands sought to obtain an uniniix'dcd view of the approaching procession. All wivs ii;ea.sant expectation Every eye was strained to catch the first sight of the leading marshal, uul every ear was on the alert to eatch the first sounds of the music whieh should announce the near approach of the great parade. From noon until two o'clock the t'ity Hall wa,s the leiidez .ous of a pleaaant compan}'. At the invitation of the Mayor, the ex-Mavore and mend)ers of past t'ouncils of the city n;et the members of the |iresent Council and the City officials, and |>roceeded thence to tue place of for- mation of the procession. Several of the former occupants of the Civic chair wen» pi-esent, among the number being His Honour Lieutenant- tlovernor HoViinson. A large nuudHU- of mendters of former Coiuicils attended, and as they .shook hands with former antagonists or supporters in the debates of tho City's Parliaiuent thoy lived aver tgain the parts they played in the nuinicipnl politics of Toronto a generation or n\ore ago. In the meantime, at the invitation of the Mayor, refreshments were se;ved in his Worship's private otHee. Mr. William II. Smith, Mayor of Philadelphia, and Mr. J. IJ. O'Neil, Mayor of Port Ifuron, were present as guests. A book was provided, and a large number of the gentlemen entered their names, numy of them with their year of service. The company then drove away to take their place in the proce.ssion. At last the rattle of the drinns was heard, ami then the blare front the brass instrunuMits burst upon the ear. Outriders, furnished liy the poii"e force, were tlio first to appear, and as they dashed into view the crowi s on tf'.y street surged backwards to make room for the long expected pi- g.ant. Then followed a sipiad of Mountc! police 'iding abreast and p.c- 'V JTSSS •»amtfm»mmfmm»^ •-*«*»HjS?s!5r- 310 MEMOIUAL V0L(7.\[E. 4- senting n good apiioaiance. After the military bands, wliicli precet'ed the pi'oce.ssion proper, came the (Jraiul Marshal of the ilay, AKIeriiiini Harry Piper. Mouiiteil upon a splendid horse, and clad in riding coat ami top lH>ots, lie appeared to appreciate the responsiljility and the honour attach* ing to his position, and was evidently equal to the situation. Speaking in genenil terms of the procession, it certainly fulfilled all the expectations that had been raised concerning it. It was a spectacle such as one may not hope to see on more than one occasion in a lifetime. it recompen.sed those who saw it for livii>g ... such a |)ractical age as the present, and addcil to the favours which attach to c r"sitlence in the Queen City. It appealed to all tastes, the vulgar and ictined. Music and art contrihuted to tnalte it pleasing, and to elevate its character. Colour and design combined to furnish the beauties of the special feat- ures presented, and iiothii. , was roughly arranged or crudely constructed. In till' tableaux, whicii were rolled .somewhat clumsil}' along, there was a great deal to jilease the eye of the artist, and the taste of the ilesigner. The subjects selected for illustration were appropiate and well chosen. They wen; so man_\- pages froni the history of Toronto, illustrations of events which should be familiar to every inhabitant of the city. For in- stance, the tableau entitled, " Clearing the Land," forcibly reminded the s|)eetators of the tlifficulties the early settlers had to contend with, and of the triumph which crowned their labours, their energy, and their perse- verance. "Augustus Jones's Kii-st Surveying Party," was a very interest- ing tableau. The figures wen* exceedingly well airaiigod, and were surticiently expressive. A largo painting stood in the background, on which was represented a half-cleared settlement, with the settlei-s busily employed. Six oxen were employed in drawing this representation through the sti'cets. "The Indian Wigwam " was the next of the tab- leaux to ti|)pear in sight. A group of Indians, in war paint and feathers, gave life and force to the picture, for in I7iKl the wigwam of the a'oorig- inal was the only hunuin habitation to oceujiy the site on which Toronto now stands. A very interesting tableau was that entitlt'd "The Occupa- tion l>y the ib'itish." In this representation of an historical incident, the .services of a do/en or so of the lloyal (Ireiiadiers were recpiired. The soldiery formed a small group, in the centre of which a French oHicer was seen in the act nf dcliveiing his sword to tlu! commander of the British. "The Karly ScKlers " was the title of the tableau next in onler. A log cabin, such ns hail sheltered tiie fii.t white inhabitants of Toronto, was represented, .Around it were standing )r sitting tho.se who weie presur - ably the occupants of the cabin. Two or three men were engaged in t ■♦♦■ TORONTO. • PAST AND PRESENT. :v,\ splittiiij^ recently felled trees, and two women wore htisy at the aneient spiiniinji; wheel. " The Landing of ttovernor Simcoe " was a taUleaii which possessed a pecnliai- interest. Six horses drew tlie niainnioth ear, on which was placed a boat manned hy .sailors. In the stern of the boat .sat three otlicers, one of whom was supposed to he (Sovernor Simcoe. Each was attired in the velvet coat and three-eorneied hat which in the time of our great grandfathers were tiie height of fashion. " The Naming of York Harbour ' was a wonderfully complete representation. In the rear of the ear was a block-house protected by caniion. In front of this building paceil a sentinel. In the forwartl part of the ear was a boat, as if advanced a few yards from the shore. The lioat was manned b}' sailors, and in the bow stood an ollicer, with hand extended, as if in the act of naming the harbour. York was represented by soldiers and .settlers, the former indicating the presence of a garrison, and the lat- ter representing the " oldest inhabitants." Above all was a cradle labelled "Toronto," and at the heatl of the cradle sat Britannia, as if prott ting the latest addition to lier family of t^anadian cities. " The First Parlia- ment House," was the next tableau to roll into view. Tnder a roof su|)- jiorted by heavy pillars, and around a tabU- of exttMi.sive proportions, sat sevi /al men aa if debating the destiny of Upper t'anada. ■The Ineor- pomtion of Toronto" was a very pretty tableau, and one that would be readily underslootl, with the iii.seription beneath, " Hritannia," with an In- dian seated beside. At her feet sat a girl, wearing a crown upon her heail, and representing Toronto. Before her stood an otlicial, with cocked hat and sword, in th(> act of handing her the document which proclaimeil tin- in- corporation of the city. In " Toronto, the (Centre of .\griculture," men were represented busily engag"d in the several branches of husbandry, and several girls were seen I'l.iployed in elunning. The whole pictin-e was a rt>presentation of a Canadian farm. In tho tableau entitltMl " To- ronto, an Kducational I'entre," well tilled book -shelves were represented, the piettiiv being completed by the presence of a nmuber of student.s. "Toronto, the t^ucen t'ity,' was a tabliiau representing the present posi- tion t)f the city, with the ailvances nuide by science and civilization. Miniature telegraph poles were erected at each of the four corners of the car, and they were connecteii by wires which extended from ]iole to pole, and served to keep them in place, lus well as to make eleai'er the signili- cance of the design. The last of the tableiius was one entitled " Toronio Welcomes All." On this car were seated a few individuals who were at- tired to represent the natives of the diU'erent lOuropoan countries. And thus ended tlie most interesting fonture of the " liistorieal Day ' proces- - ' "■"Ntt^^^JJBjp*^ ^ 312 MEMOllIA L VOL VM K. sion. Tlio police f(3rcc ])ro.sente(l a very fine appearance, ami by the |)reci.si'>n and rc^fularity of tlieir nioxi'incnts in response to words of cotmnaml, showed the eHeet of frec)uent drill and good discipline. The nienibers of the Council, the Pnlilic and Separate School Boards, the I'ulilic Library Hoard, and others, looked proud and happy as they drove aionj,' in eai'riages, each irentlenian Ijeing covered with smiles and badges. The firemen, gorgeous in gleaming helmets, red and blue shirts, and iioiKpiets, were everywheie applauded, and, inde<^d, presented an ap- pearance that was caletdated to excite admiration and provoke applause. They marched in good order, douiitless conscious of their fin(> appearance, l>ut almost coldly indiflerent to tlu; api)lausc with which they were so familiar. All was bustle and e.\j)ectaney on Yonge Street when tlie time an- nounced for the starting of the procession arrived. Although for hours previous the street had been lined with multitudes of people, it was not till two o'clock that the assembled thousands began to en((uire if it was in sight, and to look anxiously for its advent. Along Wellesley, Mait- land, Alexander, Orenville, and St. Alban's Streets, the divisions had formed, and under the charge of their respective aides, wen' ready to start about hfdf-past two o'clock. The Grand Marshal, everything being in readiness, then gave the word of comnuind to march, and the first ilivi- sion. headed iiy a platoon of police, proceedetl down Yonge Street. 'J'he following was the order of the procession : Dotacliincut uf Mnuntod Pnlico. KiiglofB. Chiof MarHhnI — Aid. I'iper. Aiilos to l,'hief Marshal. KIK.ST DIVISION. Cliit'f of DiviBiiin, Itaiid (JiiuLMi'g Own. Ciiiof (if I'olioo. Di'imt.y Chiofs of INilico. I'ldicu ( Mlicors. I'oliotf. Itftiid — Uoyiil (iruiiadicra. ilis WorHlilp tlie Mayor. Kx-Mayors. Mciiihers of the Oity Council. Meiiihcrg of Foriniji' I'ity Connoils. Corporatioii OllicialH. Miiiiibura uf I'ublicHchool Hoard. Muiubers of Separate School Uoard. Munibom of Free Library Uoard. SKCONK DIVISION. Cliiuf of Diviaion, Band — Massoy Manufacturing Coinjwny. .Md. Farley, (-hairman Fire and Oas Oonunittee, and Chief Ardagh. Fire llrigade. Uld Fire hrigado. Volunteer Hrigx-'.us. Life .Saving Crew, with Itoat. TMIHD DIVISION. Chief of Diviaion. Hand— liovernor-denorara Fool Ouarda. Jhiuriiian of the Citizens' Semi Centennial Committee. Oratura of the Day, -*** i«- "Vv^ HI-*- >¥ . » i iw'aW' ^ ' iiw i(W Hj_ i|w^BW'"*yyw» j; j| .[ i , ryi -»ii-« a^ TORONTO.- PAST AND PRESENT. 313 ExecutivB Oflicers of the Semi-Centennial Committee. ' Members of the Committee. FOURTH IHVIMION. Chief of Division. Hand— Giiolph Band. President York Pioneers. f)Hioers York Pioneers. Fifty Members York Pioneers. TAIII.EAf.V. " (Mearing the Land." "Augustus Jones's First Surveying Party." "Indian Wigwam, 17'.):!.' " Occupation by the British." ' " Early Settlers." " Vork Picmoers." 100 Members York Pioneers. " Landing of Governor Sinicoe." "Naming of York Harbour." "York." " Meeting of First Parliament." " Incorporation of Toronto." Band — Bolt Company's Band. Fifty Members York Pioneers. " Toronto as an Agricultural Centre." "Toronto as an Educational Centre." " Toronto the Queen City." ' ■ Toronto Welcomes All." Band -Riverside Juvenile Band. The route of the prot!e.s.sioti was rla Yongc Street to (,)iieen, along Queen to .larvis, along Jarvi.s to King, along King to Simcoe, along Sini- coe to Queen, along Queen to Straelun Avenue, ami thence to Kxhiliition Pai-k. All along the route, the streets, windows and liousetops were crowded with a multitudinous array of eager spectators. Thousands of hands waved in the air, and as the more striking features of the parade piussed up the densely crowded streets, tiie thunder of the applause was deafening. The measured tread, the upright hearing and ma.ssive pro- portions of the civic police were hailed with enthusiastic plaudits as they filed past in magnificent order; tlui long array of carriages following, hearing the civic oHicials, past and present, was scanned with careful scrutiny, and at intervals a cheer passed along the line as some well- known face or figure was recogni.sed ami instinctively honoured. From scanning the civic countenances the eye is tinally raised, and glancing to the eastward, catches the steady onward march of the firemen in glitter- ing i)icturesi|ue uniform, which Hash and dazzle in the sunlight, and thrill the vast masses of spectators with enthusiasm. Like the civic police, these are men of noble physiipic ainl splendid hearing. The chiefs may reasonably lottk back with pride upon their followers, and the citizens may well be proud of their protectors. Following are the hose- rcel.s and hook-and-li\dder trucks, gaily decorated, fe.stoimcd with cedar and hung with flowers, while away in tlie rear is soni'^thing which is cau.sing nuusuai commotion, and a shout of laughter and applausr gradually creeps along the line of procession. It is the old " Hrake her down, boys" of 1834, drawn by members of the old Fire Ihignde. Upon anotluir conveyance is the " bar'l," the water .system tjf the good 1 j 00 Kl«. 314 MEMO HI A L VOL UME. okl times, and tiiul^'ing alongsidi- a few of the old reliable pmnpinj^ en- gines of tliose days. Another conveviinoe bears hook-and-ladder truck of luononnced juvenile design, but valuable in its day, and holding still a warm place in the atl'cctinns of the vetci'ans. Following this is another long array of carriages with the otlieials, nunnbers of the Senii-CenLen- nial Coniiuittee, and distinguished citizens. Then a new foattre of unusual interest approaches. " Here ctjnie the Pioneers," is passed along the line, and a long roll of a|)plause greets their advance. Three sturdy yoke of oxen trudge placiilly along, dragging a vehicle leprc- sentative of the early colonial days, and the Pioneers follow, as they followed many and many a day in the past. Then comes the series of tableaux, airead}' referrecl to, which, as they pass in review, vi- vidly tell the story of Toronto's growth and Ontario's progress. The ideas sought to be conveyeil, the memories sought to be recalled, are quick- ly seized by the spectators, and the reward of appreciative apj)lauso is promptly rcnilered. One is unconsciously taken back to the unhewn for- ests, and brought forward, step by step, tlu'ough the gradual processes of our ever-growing civilization, until we behold Toronto, the Queen City of a great Province, the centre of a thriving, populous agricultiual district, a growing, stirring, uni'csting metropolis, the |»roud po.ssessor of colleges of national repute, inilomitalile coii-mercial pluck and enterprise, and vast material wealtii. The Scarbo'o' militia of 18,S7-S bring up the rear of the imrade, and tlie great stnet demon.'^tration of Monday, so far as the sight-seers at ilsis point are concerneil, has passed. The procession arrived at the E.xhibition grounds at about half-past foul' o'clock, and after a sl-.ort delay tin; Mayor and party proceeded to the stand in the ring from winch the adclresses were to be delivei'ed. Among those presen: were ex-Mayor MciMurrieh, the Mayor.s of Philadel- phia and Port Huron, the aMermen of the city, mendiers of the Semi- centennial Conuiiittee, and the York Pioneeis. The Ciuelph band opened the proceedings with a .selection of music. Mayor Hoswell then came forward and said he felt exceeiliiigly pnmd to be the Chief Magistrate of the city on such an occasion as the pi -sent. While ho .said this, he would frankly admit that the credit of the Senu-Centennial celebration was in no way due to him, but to his predecessor in oHice, Mr. W. l\. .McMurrich, who hail taken unto himself the heat and burden of the day. it' the rest of the celebration was cai'ried out a,s satisfaet(uily as that day's portion of it, he thought Mr. McMurrich would be a proud man, and the citizens would be delighti'd with what he and his colleagues of the tSemi-Centennial Commilti^e had arranged. Sjieaking of the progress of t ► (I*- -♦•-I TORONTO: PAST AND PliESKNT. 31a Toronto. Ins Worslnp n.a.lc tl.o stat-.nu.nt that tber,. was only on. otbor city on tlu. .Nortl. American continent that had Waton Toronto in this H'spcct, an.l that wa,s Brooklyn. He conclu.le.l with an alhision to lorontos f,neatne,ss as a connncrcial, odncational and railway contro, and liopod that when we clehiuted our centennial the city would have quad- ruple,! .t.s population. He did not take ,.,ny stock in the political dis- turbers who were talking about annexation or independence. He hope.l that for the next fifty years, and many more to con.e, our Most Gracious bovereign Queen Victoria would leiyn over us. Mr.W. B. McMurrich,who wa.s received with three chee.-s, said that when I.e drew up the programme for that aft,.rnoon's meeting he had left him- self out, and therefore he was surprised to be called upon to address them As one bom in Toronto, he was prou,l of the .success of that days cele- brntion. He wa.s prou.l of the city, of the conunittee who had assisted h.m and of the Mayor and Council, and he had no doubt that Toronto would reap considerable benefit from the week's festivities Dr. Daniel Wil.son, the orator of the day, was received with much ap- plause. It was expected that the Doctor would give a retrospective liis- tory of the city's growth, but he sai.l that the history of the city was unwritten ; in fact it had no history. It ren.aine.l for the young n,en of to day to hll up the great white pages before them, and h'e pointed out he glorious histories of Thebes, with its ancient foundation 1, (.00 yeai^ before the Christian era; Jeru.salem, with it great temple ; and above all, that wonderful centre of n.odern civilisation, L.mdon. He pictured the future of the l>ominion a.s the greatest, noblest c^ountry on the the fac,. of the earth. Of annexation, the Doctor .said the time had not come, and probably never would come, for that. He looked with the greatest reverence upon the llnite.l States, but he was sure that .rrcat country could learn something from as. Mayor Smith, of Philadelphia, was intro.lucod. and .said that as th re were no representatives of larg<-r cities than I'hiladelphia present he woul.I speak for the whole of the United States. He, hin.self, was born m the British Empire, and he could not forget that. His Worship paid a graceful compliment to our good-looking ladies, and wh.t he wa.s pleased to call our beautiful city, and tendered th,. m..,.ting a m,.sa... of frie.ul- shi|. from t,ho eitv of br,)tlierly love. Mr. Wm, Rennie then read an a.ld.oss to the Rev. Dr. Sca,l,ling fr.m. the ^ork I'ion..ers, an.l at the .same time presente.l the venerable doctor with a hand.s,).,,,. silvr uu^.lal from the .society, over which h,. has pre- sided for the past f,jni years. Dr. Scad.li.ig rq.licl in suitable term.s -i' ■-I'*- 11 Vl 316 MEMORIAL VOLUME. after wliich Uie proceedings wei-e concluded in a remarkable way. Old Mr. Banlen to Yonge, down Yonge to King, and thence to the starting-])lace, where the procession broke up, the variou.-i' sections returning to their stations. The illuminations of the city were most impressive. The citizens respony reason of the presence of si, n>any visitors. Every form of amuse- ment was orture.l to the people, and everything that offered was well pati'onized. Boating on the bay and the various excursions were tlie chief attractions to thousands. The bicycle meet and games prov.d an enormous success, and theatres and minor .shows were well patronized. The great event, however, was that which eau.sed the day to be called "Military Day" on the Semi-Centeniiial programme. The last of the battalions to take part in the display did not arrive until the morning, just in time to prepare for parade. The time of marcli being ten o'clock. the battalions to be iji their j)Iaee at half-past nine, the preparations, even with those regiments already in th.- city, had to begin at an early hour. From early morning, men in uniforms were liurrying about, hither and thither, conveying orders, and seeing to the perfection of the vaiious arrangements. The cami)iiig grounds of the visiting coj'ps were .scenes of busy preparation from tlu' finish of an early breakfast until the bugles sounded for the "fall in." About nine o'clock, a large proportion of the pedestrians making for the central portion of the cit, wa.-^ composi.d of smart ly-d.ejsed volunteers. The corps as.sembled sharp at the time ap- l)ointed, i>-.i,l the thousands who thronged the streets to watch them as they marelied to the Queen's Bark, were not kept waiting. The whole route was lined with people, and the Park was a marvel of a.ssembled hu- manity. The parade, in .spite of the drawback of the heat, was most successful, and reflected eretlit upon every volunteer who took part in it. With military punctuality the forces appeared, with the e.xcept'.- of the l.Sth Battalion, which was unfortunately delayed en route from Ham- ilton, At the head of the King Street divisiim were the (iovernor-CJen>,- ral's Body C.uards, headed by their band, which by the way is the only mounted band in the Dominion. The squadron was splendidly mounted, and the men looked as clean and neat ns if they had just steppeil out of •^o-« "* -S^irjw -*"'J*WI,^a.'" ■i 318 MEMORIAL VOLUME. rjlass cascn the return inarch, however, the 13th, havinir arrived, wa- in line, and while the .soldierly bearinj,' of the troops was wnrndy connneniled, tiie nuisie of the anibitiuuM city's splenilid band was enthiisiasticahy reco;,'nized all alonj; the route. Too much praise and sympathy cannot be L;iven the troops on paraile. The heal was overpowering, the route lonj^ and clust\ at many points, and it is not a matt(>r of surprise that in a numl)er of cases absolute physical exhaustion should have been produced, and a fall- ing-out of the ranks rendered imperatively' neces.sary. The line of march from thi.s point was along King Street to Jarvis, along Jarvis to Wclle^ley, then along VVellesley and St. Alban's to the <,»!ieen's Park. All along tlie line of mai'ch, the streets, windows, balconies, and the roofs of niaTiy of the buildings were crowded with enthusiastic sight-seers, and it must lie said of the citizens that the many demonstratii)ns of cheerinir and loud cla|>ping indulged in all along the route were not by any means eontiiied to the Toronto regiments. The visitors were most generously tie:ited, anil but little local feeling was perndtted to manifest itself. The citizens, one and all, seemed to recognize the fact that the brilliant success of the day was in a large measure due to the visiting battalions, and were pro- portionately grateful. The rush to reach the park in advance of the troops was an exciting spectacle. Eveiy avenue of approach was literally jaimned to sutliication with moving masses of struggling, sweating hu- manity, anxious to reach a vantage point to witness the review, of which there is only space to record that it was one of the h'ading features of the entire celebration. It brought together the finest Imttalions in tlie l)o- ndnion, and prt)bably no more magniticent military ilisplay has ever been witnessed in any Canadian city. The wheelsmen's jiarade, and the races on the Toronto Athletic (bounds at Rosedale, were on a .scale uneipialled in the history of wheeling in Canada, The evening prograunne was of equal attractiveness. No larger crowd has ever l>een .seen in the Horticultural Cianlens than that which turned out at the promenade concert and fireworks display. The even- ing was a fitting dose to a bright sunnner day — warm, but not op- f •■♦*" .L 3i'() MEMORIAL VOLUME. pivssive. Tlio niusit' on this occn.sioii was Huppliol by Heintzinan \' Co.'s band of .'{") pieces, led by Mr. H. Pye. Tiie .selections cbo-sen were all of the brij^ht and popular kind, and tbe niu.ML" reHeeted credit on the band and its leader. The fireworks, which were, of courae, the main ■;ttrnction, were of tlie most beautiful and elaborate character, and in- cluded some pieces whicli showed great ingenuity, as well as care, in their preparation. Following a salute of aerial maroon.s came flights of roci;ets, no two of which s-eemed to Ite alike, and all of which were applauded. After a nu'uber of other minor pieces, balloons of various designs were -e. 'I'Ik finest piectrs were reserved until the darkness had so tiir deepened thnt tiiey could be seen to the best advantage. Once these Initer were Itegun, tiu>y were run tlirough with gp'at rapiditj', yet .so viiric'd was tla programme that it was after one o'clock before the strains of the. National Anthem warned tbe people that the evening's amusement was at an end. WKDNESDA Y.JULY 2nd. The principal feuture of the tliird day viis tbe Trades and Industrial deuuiuUration, represeiitiug tbe industries and j-esources of Toronto in a manner that must luive been gratifying to all clas.ses of citizt^ns, mid in- teresting to the th()us;inils of visitors. A procession on suc!i an extensive and attractive scale has never before been witiuis>cd in this or any other city in Cunada. It was iunnense, respectable, and a grauil succe.'is. Toronto may well fei'l proud of her workinguien. They did nobly, and their cffurts to .show tbe (^ueen city at its best will nut soon be forgotten. The proc( ssion formed on upper Yongo Street about 10:.S(> o'clock in the forenoon. It was nuido up of eight divisions. J. Mctiluo was Chief .Mai'shul, ami there was a Chief over each division, all being »veil moinited. 'I'be firemen headed the paraile. 'i'liey wore their bright new unifornis, and were generally ailiuire<|. Thi' trucks and rei'ls were con- spicuous for their beautiful decoration... Chief Ardagh and Asst. ( !hief < Iraham presented a .solid front. The lirsl division consisteil of Trados I'uions, the ('hief being I'". A. Campliill, and was headed by the Ti'ade.s and Iiab.,ur Council, with a monstci bei'hivo tableau, indicative of the hum of general industrs'. Sixty members of the Council, appropiately budged and all looking em- ini'iitly respectable, wen- in tin' parade. Chailes March, the IVcsidout, -f J. TORONTO: PAST AND PRESENT. 321 sl.ow,.,l thcui the way.a.ul tho Dolt ('onipays l.an,l iJayci for then,. Tlu'ii folluwi'il Uricklayers' Union, 1 tablmiu and 200 T. Tushinghatn, •_' wagons. „ ,,. , ""'"• I f''rst'>r' -k Itros. 2 wagons and 13 men. Itookb.nders, 2 wagons and 100 men. iWcl.ard A Co. . 2 wagons and •; .no,. i'.and-Maj,lo U-af liand. Spilling Bros. Bakers' I lu.m, 2 wagons and 40 men . Stewart & Kol.inson, I wagon and (i men . Anialganiatod Carpenters, 1 wagon .uid 00 men. koiutii division. Brothorho. d of Carpenters, 1 wagon and t^hief of Division ^-T. Murphy. '"' '"®"' Heintzman & Co., with Band, 2 wagons htono Masons, 1 wagon and (10 men. n,„| j^^ ,j,g,| KnighiK of St. Crispin and CO men. 4mcrir,ui Kv„r,.«. i- . ' -^mciitan J'-.\pros8 Company, ,. wagons ... »«"J-«-rnson Artillery. and 10 men. la.nters(„ion.ltal,leana.,dl.HJmen. Viekers' Express Company,:, w.gons Labourers "nion, 1 tableau and 2.-i0 men. ,„,j ,; ,„„,' Expressmen's I'nion, 2 wagons. , Dominion Express Company. 7 teams. sKcoNi. i.iviMioN. ' , "'■""^ "'■'"'> ' ^''"-"" '"'J •' '"""• Crompton Corset Company. 1 wagon and Chiif of Division —V. Martin. I man. Band -I'ioneers' Drum and Fife Kind. '' Thompson, furrier. .'I wagons and ;! .1 . Doty's Engine Company, ;! wag uis men. and l(K» num. ■' Ifogers, 1 wagon and (i men. Massey Manufauturiiig Company, (i Knickerbii Iter Ice (.'ompany, li wagon* wagons and 100 men. | and 10 men. Ontario Steel Barb Fence Company, ;: C Hums, Di.iuinicjii Ice Cc.nipaiiy, 2 wagons. j wa^'oiis and 8 men. Ontario |,ead Works, 2 wa gons. t Taylor Bros., I wagon ami 1 man. Inglis i\i Hunter, 2 ilritys, boiler and en- I <'■ V. Itice, 1 wagun and I men. gines. I Kinii nui.sioM. Tlllllll lUVISION. Ciiiof of Division -.1. Hawthorne. Chief of Division-E Whitaker. Dominion drgan Company, with Hand, 8 Hand AdaniBoii's Band. wagons. Wmi/A)r Sewing Maohmu Company, I . Cooper's < looderham \- \V„rt;i, ;l wag.ms, *"«""• 10 men. Singer Sewing Machine Company, 10 ||. Malcolm, 2 wagons, 20 men. wagons and ;I0 men. .1. Hnrroughcs, 4 wagons, ;)0 nu-n Virginia Tobacco Company, I wagon. ' S. McNair A (io,, 2 wagons, to men. Uoyal Dominion Flour Mill,. ,l „,,«,„„ Lugs.:;:: \ Itarm"!, 2 wagons, 2o men. "■"' -'"' "'^"'' W. 1'. Kearns, 1 wagon, tl men. C. ltichardRi.n, 2 wagonn. •S. May it Co., I wagon. <\ Stark, 2 wagons. Hand Sti'i'olHville Hand. •I. I'. \Va((Mer .V Co., 2 wajjoiw and 2 Toronto Litlu.graph ('..mpany, 2 wagons, '"«"• 4 men. r t pp Hl-^ 1*" i. 322 MEMORIAL VOLUME. Alexander, Clare & Cable, 1 wagon, 12 H. Slight, flurist, 1 wagon, 1 man. roeii. J. E. Dixon & Co, carraige luanufacturerB, JVorht, news office, 1 wagon. ! 2 wagons, 11 men. Tribune Ottice, 10 men. J E. I'ape, I wagon. Williams, (ireen iV IJome, linen collars, 1 Pure (!old Manufacturing Company, 1 wagon, 1 man. wagon, 1 man. Dorenwend, hair dresser, 1 wagon. ^ Consmners Gas Company, 3 wagons, (i men. Harber >( Ellis, 2 wagons, (> men. H. H. Warner & Co., 2 wagons, 2 men. W. Slillichami), 2 wagons, 4 men. T. 0. Hice, 3 wagons, 15 men. Toronto Lime Company, 7 wagons men. HlXrU IPlVISlON. Chief of Division — M. King. Band — Coloured Ha;id. W. H. Knowlton, li wagons, 4 men. W. Kyan, 1 wagon. .1. Knowlt's, 1 wagon, 2 men. McL-uighlan t^ Moore, 2 wagons, 2 men. .]. U. Clare, baking powder, I wagon, I man. Shedden & Co.. 2 wagons, 2 men. Uendrio i^- Co., 2 wagons, 2 men. Railway Supply Co., I wagon, 1 num. McDonald, McNally A- Co. , 2 wagons, 12 mull. Meav.r Lock Works, I wagon. J. L Itird, I wagon, :< men, E. T. jtarnum, wire and iron. D. C. I'iku, U-nIs, I witgon, K. .\. Allciiijimin, 2 teams. HKVKNrH IIIVI.SION. Chief of Divimoii Herbert Smith. Hand National Silver Cornet Kaiid, Tub- carora, N. \'. I R. Walker it Sons, 2 wagons, (i men. S. C. Hecket, photo, gallery, 1 wagon, 1 man . J ' Jaxton, 2 wagons, (i men. A. W. Mason, phrenoloj»y, 1 wagon, 1 man. A. Sulliva'- iV Co, 1 wagon, I man. Hodge iV Williams. Morrison \ Taylor, 2 wagons. 10 men, Hewitt ISros, 2 wagons, .s,sioii was imposing; can wiili lio iiimj,'ini'il, Mniiy iitliiT fiiiiis wcit' n'|)fi'.si'iitt'cl, liiit it wii-s n very tlitlicwit iiiattci' to kt-op tratk nf tlii'iii nil, Tlic prDi'i'ssioii was fully fmn" inili'M in loii^'tli, and (H'ciipii'il iioiiily two Ijiiiiis ill ]passino; h oivcii jioint. Tlic loiitc was ilown YonoL- ti> tjliii'L'n, almi;,' (jliici'ti to Parliaiiiciil. down I'arliaincnt, and alonj,' Kiii),' to Sinieoo Stioi'tw, n|> SinifDo to t.,)iifon, along t,)ui't'n to Siraclian .AvciniL-, and tlii-ncc to tlu- Kxliiliition >;idiindH. Tlic HlicctH wiTo II iiiaH.s uf liunianity, Joy and satisfaI>rani ) Misa Fanny Kellogg, Alto... ' '^''"^ Agnes (.'urlett. Tenor!!;.'.'.'.' VVw,'^'"^ Foster. Mr. \Sin, Courtney. •«88' ( Mr. IvanK. Moniwski. ( Mr. Fred. Warrington. The chorus numl«.re.l nearly three hundre.l voices, and presented a verv ■inpos.ng appearance arrayed on the tiers of the platform. The work done by the chorus was always goo.l, and, in .some instanc-s-not^blv in the noble " The Heavens are Telliug,--.rose to the sublime. The orehe;t,a also Mo-s .n splcn.lid form, eomp.,sed of about ir, picked instrumentalists an.ong whom th.- eelebrate.l Mendelssohn (,)uintette Club did yeonuui service. Mr, Hayley and Merr Jaeobsen occupied the first d.'.sk and were as,s,,sted by Mr. Hannennan, Miss Clench, ami Mr. Saner, of Ib.lfal,., as well as by iiromiiieiit musicians of our own city. THURSDAY, J I 'LV ;iuu. The fourth day's features were the V K, Loyalists' gathering at the llorticultun.Kianlens, the Oratorio of " The Uedemption ' in the .ame place, and the fireworks on d,,. Imv. I., the morning the C. K. Loyalists, and their descendants from all parts of th,. Province, h.dd an enthusiastic meeting in th.. i'avilion. This gath- '•nng was in honour of li.e l(K)tl, anniversary of the settlement of Cpp,.,- Canada by the \\ K Loyalists, and was held at (his time to swell the im- porlame of the civic fete. hr. ( •nnnitr, of this city. .H-cupied the chair, and deliver..da.i appropriate opening a.ldress. Among those present wen- h '■lymmmpmi^lmKfmf -^O 324 MEMORIAL VOLUME. tlio Veil. Jiishop Fiillor, of N'iiigiira ; Salter J. Yank ()ujj;li net, C. K. llver- si.ii, Hon, (1. W. Alliiii, \\v\. I). Maeluir, Rev. Lo Roy Hooker, Willii'i.i Kirliy, (.'aiiiiiH' llaijflit, Aid. F. L. Deiiison, Dr. Dewait, A. MeLeaii How- aid, Rev ])r. Witlirow, Rev. 1{. S. Forneri, .lames H. Morri.s, Rev. Dr. Ro.se, Rodney Moore, T. A, Deni.son, Lieut. Ool. , Rev. Dr. Scaddiiig, A. Hervo.s, Dr. Hillier, Levi Van Keiiii>t, D. \V. Clendeniniig. Col. Clench, Rev. Seatoii Tlionisoii, Tlioiiia.s Clau.s, Mayor Boswell, F. F. MeArtliur, Dr. A. MeNalil>, Win. (.jiyderman, Tr. Ricliard- .soii, Ri'\'. Mr. 'i'lionip.son, .laincs Craliani. Sims Rieliard.s saiii.' Rule Hri- tannia in an iiis|)irin<.'' manner, and wjks heartily apidauded. M r.s. Char- lotte Morrison recited Rev. LeRoy Hooker's (Kinijston) |)oum, '''JMie United Kmpire," with much .spirit. The jioein wa.s leceived with rounds of hearty applause. Mi.ss Foster, of Cuelpli, saiiy "A Loyalist Sonjf " witli pathos, and K. \V. .Seliuch pleased the audience with his rendering of " The Maple Leaf for Kvor." 'I'he speakers of tlie meeting were Hon. (!. \V. Allan, Lieut.-Col. Ci. T. Denison, Chii>f (Ireen, of tlie JJay of (i>uint(' Reserve, and the Rev. Mr. Hooker. All of the s|)eakers dwelt with great fervour on the deeds of the U. K. Iji.yalists. Music was furnisheil hy the Creiiadier hand. At ;t ;,. in. Lientenant-Covernor Roliinson lield a recption at the (iovernnient House to the Loyalists and their descendants. There was ii large nuinher of callers who were; presented to his Honour, t "apt. Merritt, (i. (J. H. (i., was the aide-de-camp in waiting. Refreshments were .served, and (he tirenadier's haiiil furnishi'd mu-ic onion the lawn. 'l"ho guests then assemhled in the drawing-room, where short addresses were made liy Lieiitenaiit-Covernoi Roipinson. Rev. LeR>iy Hooker, William Kirhy, of N iagara, and (io\('rnor Aikins, of Manitoha. The adclresses were of till' same tcnior as tluise delivi^rod in the Pavilion. The displn_ of lir(^wi>rks on the hay at night was witnessed hy many thou.sands. Never hefore, except prohaiily on the occasion of one of Hanlans races, has there i'\er lieen seen sucli a gathering of lioats on the hay. The city front was ower to make the spectators pleased. It was after one o'clock in the morning before the crowds di.spei-sed, and up to that hour the streets lead- ing fiom the water front were crowded. The attendance in the evening at tlie Horticultural Gardens to hear Oounod's oratorio, "The Redemption,' rendereil by the Philharmonic So- ciety, was unprecedented. Early in the evening, the crush for .seats be- gan, livery available chair and bench from the balconies was soon brought down an.l occupied, and by eight o'clock large numbers of people were standing at the back of the galleries and on the ground Hoor, and many who could not find room in the hall were obliged to stand in the vestibule. The chorus, which nund)ered something like ."iOO \,,ices, was the largest that has ever taken part in any perfoiinanee in this city, and liresented ((uite an imposing appearance, lising tier after tier along the sides and ends of the hall. Thi' ehoru.ses were given with life, and the large body of singers was held well under control by the conductor. The orchestra was almost tlie same tliat took pirt in "The Creation, on the previmis night, and left little to be desired Mr. Torrington is to be congiatuiated for his aiile management of so large a chorus and orchestra, and foi' bringing to such a successful i.ssu. of the best concerts ever given by tin- Philharmonic Society. The im]>oitanl part taken liy oin- two musical societies in the Semi- centennial celebration is deservin..; of speci.il ri'mark. It proves that along with the growth of industry and education in other branches, music is l>y no means flagging. Toronto is now aeknowledge.l tn be the most enterprisitig nnisicaleentr.' in Caiuvda, and there is littl.' doubt, that ere long it will occupy a position in this respoci second to none on the con- tini'iit. FRIDAY, \vi\ .)IT|,Y. To-day, which was to have been the crowning .'Ncnt of the ( •..li-brutjon, proved a blank, and all the pn-parations for the grand i)araile of the Itencvolenf societieH were ivndcred useless bv the weather, The com- ■■""^^asssJ 4< 326 MEMORIAL VOLUME. niittce expcotoil nearly 10,000 poiHons in the procession liad it tiiicen place. There were visiting societies from Rochester, London, ITaniilton, Owen Sound, Barrie, Newmarket and elsewhere. The sight would have been an imposing one. Although the .sky appeared somewhat threatening in the morning, an immense crowd of people assembled on Yonge Street, and in fact all along the route. The interest manifested was fully e(|ual to that of the preceding days. But (belong the downpour began, and wlien it became ai)parent that the rain wns going to last for some time, an emer- gency meeting of the K.xecutive Committee was held, and it was (Uxiiled to postpone the jiarade until next morning. Many of the visitors were couipelled to leave for houie, but enough were left to make a spectacular turn-out. In the evening the Semi-Centennial Committee entertained the visit- ing uniformeil .societies at a luncheon at the dining hall, Kxhibition Grounils. The city ami visiting Oddfellows a.s.sembled at the Walker House, and mai'ched to the Union Station, while the Knights of I'ythius a.ssembled at the hall on Vonge Street, and went to the depot in a body, lieaded by tlie Toronto Concertina Band. Both bodies boarded a special train which conveyed them to the Kxhibition Grounds. The Oddfellows were rejiresentcd l)y the lloclnrster, Toronto, London, Barrie and New- market (>ncampiiients. In the Knights of Pythias' party were the Uni- loniied Banks of Hamilton and Toronto. At tlui dining hall, one table ran across the end of the room, while Uiree others extended along its en- tire length. They were neatly laid out and decorated with Howers and siUer. The KnighLs anarade of the uniformed encampments was well worth travelling a long distance to see, and their military bearing and nuirching would do credit to any battalion in thecountiy It wius, howc-vei, to the parade of Iht! after- noon that the people of Toronto turned with special jiride and expectation. ■■{)-*- i' TORONTO: PAST AND PBESENT. 327 The procession was in evry way a succoss, tlio cliil.lron turned out in large numlx-rs, ti.e .senior l.oys nmrelR.,! splen.lidiy, an.l altiiotijrh ti.ere were slight showers of rain, yet tlie youngsters n.ove.l on heedless of it. The streets were crowcU'd with spectators, and there was a general con- census of opinion among then, that no more interesting sight has I.een witnessed in Toronto. Although the sky was comparatively clear early in the morning, it did not remain so. When the tinu^ for the benevolent .societies to st^rt came the rain was falling in torrents, and none of the oiganizjitions had made their appearance. About eleven o'clock, the storm having abated, they began to arrive and form on Vonge Street, near Maitlan.l. No eHort was made to arrange the various bodies into divisions. A start was made at about a quarter to twelve, ami the procession move.l off in the followiu.r In er : — Ciran.l Marshal Piper in a conpd. Toronto Division, HO swords. Platoon of Mounted J'olice. Piu„„er Fife and Drum Hand, guepn'g Own ISnnd. X.L.C.H, Fife Hand. Toronto Uniformed Patriarchs, 50 swords. Ancient Order of Shepherds and about lOO Rocliester Encampment, «(» swords. London Kncampment, 4(1 swords. 2(X) City and Visiting Oddfellows. Alpha Division, K.O.P., Hamilton, HO swords. Juvenile and Senior FuresterH. Manchester Unity Oddfellows. 100 .Sons of Kngland with Hanners and ;i Mounted MarshaLs. The drill competition between the Uniformed Societies took j.lace in the afternoon on the li.xhibition grounds. The judges were ('..Junel Otter, Colonel Urasott and Colonel Miller, and theii- award wa.-.as follows : 1st, llo.^liester Kncampment Uniformed Patriarchs, 214 points, .<>;{(»() and magnificent silver mace ; 2ml, f.omhm rnitorm.'d Km-ampment, 20(; points, ^200 ; .-(rd, llamiltim Knights of Pythias, l!)|. points, .si.-,(l. To- ronto Ciiiformed Kncampment scored ITS points. His Honour the Livii- tenant-Covernor presented the prizes. The threatening aspect of the sky in the morning had little effeet HI VISION. Chief of Division— Capt..l. T. Thomson. Pioneer Fife and Drum Band. Kyerson School —400. Ketchuiu School — ItOO. Palace School -120. Howard Street School — 20. Niagara Street School— IMK). George Street School 200. Eastern Avenue School— 75. Band — Riverside Juvenile Band. Phd'be Street School— 250. York Street School — 75. Victoria Street School — 150. Orphans' Home — 00. Winchester Street School - 250. Wollesloy Street School- UK). Til MID DIVI.StON. (.'hief of Division — T. Herbert. Bolt Works Band. S'eparate School Board. Maple Leaf Band. Separate School Children - 800. A prettier sight than that presented by the childien iis they marched through the streets was never lit-fore witnessed in the city, and they were loudly cheered by the thousands of spectators who lined the side- walks. They marched ilown the Avenue to Queen, along (i)ueen to York, down York to King, along King to Yonge, up Yonge to Wellesley, along Wellesley to the Lacrosse (irouiids. About .t.OOO people had assembled at t'.:e gioinids, who liitterly complaineil of having to pay twenty-fivo cents admission. Many parents hud to ttirn away, as they went without money, not knowing that any admission fee would be chaigi-d. The boys of the various scIhuiIs formed into column and marched past in splendid form, after which they were dismissed. The drill coinpeti- tinii followed, and was watched with great interest by the spectatoi-s. The judges were Captain and Ailjutant Manley, Koyiil (irenadiers ; Cap- tain and Adjutant Hughes, 45th Uatt., and Lieut, and Adjutant McLean, A. ruliONTO: /'AST ANU PRESENT. .*}-'!) Slst Iktt. Tl,ro,.s.-h..ols, Wdlesley, D.iHlrin an.l Ryerson, .-ntor,.,! ro,,,- paiucs t.,r the principal priz... Kad, company l.a.l a full •■on.plen.ont of cIluxMs an.l n,)i,-c«nwnissi.,ne.l ortic,.,-s. Captain Thompson, , hill in- structor, put then throufrh th- vurions n.ov,,nu-nts, which wor.. all .x- cc.hn^^ly well .lone. The judges unanimously ,h.ci.le.l lo awai.l the first pri/e to the Wellesley hoys, an.l the se.'ond to DulhTin. While the.M. ...vereises were in progress, another portion of th..(i,.l.l was l"'ing oeciip...,! hy the ealisthenic c.mpotition ani..n- .^rls The j„.l...s w.'r.. Major Varnhy, .hill instructor, Nonnal Seh..ol, ( 'aptain Ikk.-r ami Mr Seott, Ottawa. The priz..s were awar.le.l as follows: cl..ek, pr..s..nt...l hy Mr. Hay for hest calistheni.. .hill, to (ieorge Street Seh....l ■ pri/o m.- -lal in thir.1 class .IrilU; ge Str.vt .•lass ; p.iz.. nu.,lals in fourth m,! liHI,class..s, I'hu.h... Street Sch,.ol; m..,lal for s.r.m.l das. .hill |'ho.|„. S(|-.M't School. It. U... ..vening the edehration was .los..,! hy an ..v.-nt whi.-h was ,„„ ..nly ..xtrem..|y appropriat,., hut im|,r.'s>ive an.l h..autifnl li was h.M '"flu-1'avili..natthe llortienltural Car.h.ns, wlu., six hun.lr,..! of th.. <-l«il.lr..nntten.Iinglh,. Pul.lie ami S..parate Sd Is nnit..,l in sin^nn.. th.. i,rais..s of th.. city th.y liv..,l in, an.l of the .•ounhv whid, n,.-v .■lann...l as their ..wn. Th.. festival was an .ntir.. snec-ss in" ..v..ry r,.s,,.,.t It was att..n.h..| l,y a larg.. an.l fitshionahl.. au.liem.... th.- eapacitv of th.- ravih..n heh.g taxe.l to its fullest ..xtent. The app..arance of th,. d.il.hvn iis th..y sat in tiers that n.se gra.lually fr.,m th.. platform t.. a l„.i..ht of twenty-(iv.. to thirty f....t,, cr.-ate.l a livvly f,...lin- of a.huiration^ The girls, who occupi...l a central p..siti.m on ami ah,.v.. the platform, w..r.. .Ir..ss,..l unif,,nuly in white, an.l wh.'n singing in unison reniin.l...l ..ne .,f Ml.- h..,.u..nly dmirs to whidi p....tical r.'ferenc.- is lV..,|.i..ntlv ma.l.. Th.. l...ys w.replac..,! in th.. w.-st ..n.l .)f th.. haleoni,.s, innn,.,liai,.lv .,v. r th.. stage, an.l c..n.s,.,p,e. tly their. lull, eolourl,.ss altir,. -li.l no. int.".rf..r.. with *-'"-' ''•^' ""--''y l'»-ttyapi)earane.. pr..sent..,l l,y th.. whit.. .|ress..s an.l gav rihhoiis of thf y..uthful m..mh..rs of the fair sex. ''"'"■ l"".-^'""" 'I' "lusic ..onsist..,! of a v.-rv plea.sin^r sel,.,ti..n an.l uas well ..arri...| out. Th,- diil.lreu sang in ,.h..ru., ace..mpani...'l l.v Claxton's or..he,stra, an.l ,.,m.luet...| hy Mr. K W. S,.|,„d,. and th.^ir n.nu- iM.rs w..|.. giv.'n in a mami..r that r..||..,.(e,| irivat ..r..,lit ..n th.ir inslrti,.- t.irs. That th.. ('..|,.hrat g.'nerally ai.knowle.l i.'u was up.in th.. wli..|.. a gr.'at suc..,.ss will hi g.'.l. It mor.. than r..ali/...l the m.isl saii-Miin. •xpedatmnsof its pi' t..rs, wliil.. it has I.. tlrawhai.ks whi(.h w ...n unalten.leil hy an" .if th ere eith.r expecte.l .)r foresha.low.'.l The ar rang.' ,Hi Ml*. 330 MEMOniAL VOLUME. iiionts mado witc of a vory oompU'te ami .satisfactory (li,'siTi{)tii)n. All onj^iiLCi'il in inaking tl»«' arrangements did tlieir work tl\oroiigldy and well. Toronto never looked lietter. On this point l>otli eiti/en and visitor were agreed. Tlie " ninddy little A'ork " nf other iliiys has elllorcsced into a heaiitifid and attractive city, with every prospect of its lieconiiiig always more heautiful and increiusinLjIy attractive. No douht Toronto is greatly favonrcd hy natural advantages. It is plea-santly situated, its climate is good. Its surroundings are most favouralile, and its facilities for an extensive eonwuerce are of the highest order. As materials to woik upon, these are all e.scellent and indisponsahle, hut in addition there are rei]uii-ed the continued exertion, the prudent and sustained enterjirise, and the high-toned pulilic spirit of the citizens. It ought never to he forgotten iiy any Torontonian, that lie is a citizen of no mean city, and that as such it is his duty,a.s well as his i)rivilege, to seek tlu' good of the place in which he dwells, hy taking a living and intelligent interest in its civic affairs, hy serving it in every wa}- he possihly can, hy iiromoting oi- supporting every judicious and practicable scheme for increasing its gene- ral heauty and attract! vencs.s, ami hy so setting his face against all rings and johhei'y, that to all its other attractions Toronto may have this to hi; a .'i, lliii' II, fur " ailclllliiiial," nml " tiiuhlliMiiil.' .Vt )i I'i'J, Hut' 4, tor " ]Mil<-iil ' ivtiil ' iNUi'ht. " t TORONTO: VAST AM) PliESEAT. Xiviticih ^mcvica -^ciouninic (Compann. IIK injiu'iiilicrtit lmil,f ilc]ik'ti(l in tlic acuoniiianviiii,' illu.>- |i'T,?ft;?^^ tratii.ii ;■< til.' [.idjiiTty aii.l li.'a.lijuarti'rs of tli<- Hritisli 4^?jR-;,j Aiiifiie-a Assurance ( 'oniiiaiiy, one oF llio Icadiiij,' liismiuui' ^s>j.j^^ '^"il>"nitinns (if tin- |)(,niiiiiun. It is sitiialiil oii tlir noitli- _t£^ west nmicr .)f Front ami Smtt Stivifs, tacini,' tin- tViiiii.r. It has 'V a fVontai;.' of >S4 fnt, aiwl a ch-i.tli, on Scott Stivft, of 104 feet. Till' style of architirtme is niodcrn, an.l the stnicture, as a whoK'. uonjil be an ornament to any city on this continent. The hiiil.lini;, inclusive of liasenient and mansard, is five .>iorics hii,di, the material employid in its constniction lieinir ( )luo i,'rev freestone. The whole e.vterior is iiold, elfeetive, and rich in detail, liein^' elaliorated with highly ornate columns, i)ilasters, cornices, enriched windows, and other appropriate adornments. The General Ottici' of the Company is on the gnuiiid tl ■, .SO feet l.v (JO, and having;- a height of 1(1 feet. The Pioard l{ alio\ ortices, SI oom is on the first floor The npi)er portion of the Imildin^- is divided into himdsome ipplied with vaults, \:c. A' .ess to th .Hi c.'s Is ol. taint d.'ith liy stairway or l.y a romfortahli' an. I tlioroui,dily ecpiippi'.l elevator. Tl le inteiior tittiiii. tal. desk l.eiiutiful and elaborate ijesi.'n, an. \c., ar. relle.-t e of walnut. lev al. .lit (»- lawa Cal.inet Maiuifacturiiie- ('om].any fi.im whom th..y wei.' pr.icuiv.l. The followiiie; is an outline of th.' ( .ini|iiin\ s hist or\ tidui its .'arliest iN'ginning to the pres..nt ilat... It was iiii'.nporate.l in the m.mth of Fehruary l.S.S.'t, mori' than half a century ag.i. Anioiiy th.' inc..r|ioiat..is were soiui' of th.' most iironiiiu'iit men then in th.' cilv. Th.' first (i.>v- ertior . lect. Will was 11 lion. William Allan, fatli illiaiii All.'i .f M. i'ark. The first M .f 1 1 aiia.'ii; ir.'seii t II on. iii'ct.ir was Mr. T. W. Mircliall. The auth.)ri/..'.l capital was ."^tOO.OOO, l.iit authority was soni.' time sim ifain.'.l to iiureas.' th.' sum t. df !i million. ('oiii|ian3' heejan Imsiness with ii paid-up capital of 8100,000, which was soon afterwards increaseil to !<"JO0,O()0. At th.' present day the pai.l-iip capital ainuunts to !j.")()(),000. -^^**i»^ ''^itSB TnlidNTi).- }'ASr AM) PUESLWr. o if) 13 CQ GO d o o q: Z3 en < < O UJ X en H q: CD Powrwas oiiiritmlly iMstow.-,] n,,,,,, tlir Comiwny t.) cnKa-.- in tlir liiisiii,.,-..s of Lif,. AssiiraiiiM', hut tlie |MTiiiisMoii was iirv.-r nctr.l npoii. in OctuliiT, Ks+i', tlic("ui.,|miiy wiisiuitlioiiz,..! to tniirsict Marine In-nian.e. In April, I8(i!», tlio Mana-in- Dinrior. Mr. liirchail, „win- t.. in,i,ain..l li.altli, was (■onipll,.,! to nlin.|ui.sl, tli.. ,|iitirs ,,f l,is otlicc.an.l i» Au-iist, 1.S7I, li.- retired altoevtlier from tlie otlitv, wliirli he ha.i lieM for n eoii- tiniions ,.erio.l (,f :t,S years. The then (Jovvnior, Mr. (ie,.r-e I'enival Jlhh.nt, suceceaed to the -eueral niana-i'ment n|...n Mr. I'-irrhall^ with- drawal th..refroiri in IMfiit. Mr. Hj.lout retained tl>e ,,osition down to the time of lii. death. In .l.me. l.S?:}, Mr Peter I'aterson wa.s appointed Governor. He retained the ,,(liee until ls,S2. wlien he was sueeeech.d hy Mr. John Moris,.n, whose splendid .siicee.ss in hnsjness a.s a wholesale nierehant atforde.l an elf.rtual ir'iarantee that the ati'iirs of the CMipany would not sutfer in his hands f.,r want of competent manai,'em.>nt. With Mr. Morison wa.s associated Mr. II. 1! Forhes as heputy Covernor. In the month of Kehriiary last ,J.S,S4j the fnllowin^,' directorate was elected for the enstiiiijr twelve months. .ri)H.\ MoiilSdN II. K. KoltMK.S Hon. \Vm. ( 'AVi.i;v. II. S. NunriiKoi', ' I'lit)/ (ji)rcviuir. .loiiN Livs. IIkxiiv TaVI.ii.M. Mr. Morison is assisted in the manaumient of the company hy Mr. Sda.s !'. Wu.mI, as S.'cretary. Tlie latt.f was formerly in the service of the Niaj,'(ira Fire lirsuianc.^ t'om|)aiiy of New \\,\\<. '* '"".V ""t ' 1' "f I'lfiee t.i mention that the Solicitor to the ( 'omiKinv, Mr. Clark (lamhle, has held the otlic for tilty consecutive years, the present h.'ing his .semi-centennial in that position. ^T^ >•*- "Mis- TiiltitM'd.- I'AitT AM) i'A7.>ii'A r. Imperial ilanh of (C.inab.i. f I'rutiU for the yoar, iiflcr ilrtliictiiiu clmritui of iimiii»Kl Nil. 17, 4 \K-tU Till Stlltillh lit -IlliMlittril 111 till' --Ullli' 'ImIi' i- ll> rullilVVJ* I (iKNKUAi ^|■.\1'I■:M^:N r. .lUi .\I\V, IHM4. I.I Miii.inRx. I Nntoii 'if ilii' limili III oin-iiUtiiiii 9 1MNI,-JII| «Kt 'i DupiMiil* lMMrln^ iiituruiit (iiioliidiiiK iiiU'riMt iii'iTiiuiIti) (Uto) J,lltl*i,llirj 74 V Irt Z (J 3 OJ Z. < _i < (£ UJ Q. '.-ICl—.^— . . .Ji— L •MiMM T(ii;ii.\ro: I'.i.sT iMi ri!i:si:\r. it I Vpiisilx lint l)i':irii)L; iiitiTcsl I lhl(,' til illlllT l)llllliM ill t';lM:iil:i 'I'lital liiiliilitiiis to tlin |iiililii' •'i I'apitiil Ntnck imiil ii|i t> Uont iiCL'iiiini -----.._ 7 Divuli'iiil N'.i. IS, iKiyililf i;iul .Inly, is,s| i| |.,i- iviit.) iS Kiiiim.T ilivicliiul.s iiiijMJiI . . '•• Rdaiiou iif prolit itml luas acouiiiil fan j(;il funvaiil ■ s;wi,iiH7 m; 17,il"ll lili ?it,'J!i:t,7'.'-j iti - 1 rilWI.IIIKI (HI li.MI.IMIII (III lil|,IHIil IK) I.IW7 \H Ili.titi'J •J(j «Hl,55t,47M !Hl Z o »- < _i < a. I (liilil iiiul Silver I'liiii rniTi'iit ~ Diiiiiiiiiiiii (Juv.Tiimi'iit II. .tin .'I Niitug uf anil ilu'i|iii'H nil (itli.T Itaiika ■I liiilaiiio ilmi I'lMin utliur hanks in (".iiniilii .'> lialaiKo iliK' frmii a;,' 'IiIh in fnivi^'ii I'.iMiitiK's II r.alaiiiu iliui frmii iifiniitH in I iiili'il Kihl; lorn 7 tinvi-rnnieiit si'iiiritiug .... S MiiiiKiiial aiiil iitluT ilL'liijiitmi.s Tiitiil imsi'lH iiiimoiliati'ly availalilr '.I liiiaiiii nil uall -J* l.'."i'l,.S7!l liO - rj."i.j5;i (HI l."i:i,Ki'J 7!t •-'ii|.:iiMi ;;.| (•I,'.'.".* HH i-.'.«<,:itr. -.'I 7!i,.".7i ;i(i > Iiw,:h7 i»:t 10 Liiuiia, ilim'iiiniiH, m- advaiui'i* mi inriiMit aivniini i.i Cir^ l»"'"""i I.-,.;, 717 ol 11 NiitcH ainlliillKiliiriiMiidiil aiiil iiiriiMit - . . . (,:!ihi ."idl 111 fj NntllH illHi nli'il UMT ilu,., Sl'i;lll'0ll - . . . I.'t Niili'KilKiouiintinlincriliic, iiii.H.'iiiriil 'Msliinali'il l.i.sji |ir.. villi. ,1 Ini' ) II Ileal islalo, llie |.riipi.rty ..t the l.aiik (..tli.r tliaii l.,iiik priinisuB) •-.... I.I M..rlj;a«cs mi real .•Hiatr m.lil l.y lli,. I,ank (all lieai-ii- liili'ii'iit) - • . . III Hank pri'iiiiHi'ii, ilU'linliiiXBafoH, vaults, ami i.lli o fiiiiiiiiiru at liiMiil iilliii- anil liraiulieH - .... I" < Kliur usiiftn, Hut iiicliiiloil iinilor fiiri'Kiimn liealn 110.1:17 n :.':', I. s'.t lit ■.'l,.vj;p •_'.•. J'.',J.H| no r.'ii,iMii no l:t.iilo ;i| *. H. W II.KIK, ('\siiiKii. i'. .ll'.NNINtl.'*. iNHI'KiTl.M. MEMORIAL VOI.VMH. iTr:Ar) office:, tohoxto. tir.uuhco in C^nt.uio : FKHfJl'S I. K. I'ATKItSON Mam,.„r. IN(ii;i!Si)|,l. I. A. I!I('1I.\UI)S(»N .. . I'OKT ('Ol,l'.n|!\K litHN WATI" " ST. CAIIIAKINKS ('. M. AKNitMi " ST TUilMAS M. A. CIMlKin" •• WKI.I.AM) I. McCI.ASIlAX ., Woodstock s, li. I'll.l.Kli •• lluiuhco in .^^l.uiiloba WIXMl'Kli ('. S. IIOAKK liliA.NDoN .. A. .U'KKS .. Miiii:ifiii: ^V (ToiTfopanbrntfi: <'ANAI)A Hank «t Mci.ntiikai. anu Hiia.si iiks. KNtil.ANK 1. 1. nils. l!All^l^:^^. A IIiisaniii n'" llAMh, I.im, li.' I...miiauii Siukki, l.tiMnm. " MaN( IIK.-IKIC A- l.nHlU'M.il. IIISTFIHI llANMNd f'uMI'AM, I.IMITril. M:W V0|!K MKtHlts. WaTs.in * I. AN',, AcKNTs lUvK uF M'MIIKAI, ,V,I \Va 1 1. StHKICT. rilHAlJd KiiiHi N. llvNK. ST. rAlI., .Mi.N.v. Sn,,sh N. llxNK. IIOSTDN, MA.Hf. N. IUnK III IIIK I uMM'iNHKM.Tll. mi'I'AI,!'. .\ ^, Hank of lit i kai.m. jJiM .L ToliOMO: JWST AMI rUI Si:.\T. Ijuntcr, ilocic ^S.- (Co.o iJubli^ohiiui i)omc. I t K'^Mbi' 1 '"'^ '"■''" ''I'l'ili"!' I" iIk' < 'aniiiliiiii piililii! for iiciirlv a uniiiiiT W^»i'l ' " ''^■"'"''>- '■^tiiitiii;,' fn.iii (lomiiiiralivi'ly liiiiiilil)' \M-/\n- r>M^^ "'";,"*. it lias >t.';tiiily ami iirDspLTuiisiy won its way to recof,'- iM'lioM woiil (Vol .ij» nitioti, niitil In iiii|>iiiii lias Incoin •^ Atlanlic to il,,. l'a,-i(ir, an. I iVoni tlic siimiy slope, of |,iliil'li. ili.' naim- .f Hunter, Ivuse \ < 'o. is a familiar .soiinii;.'inally eanie into i xisteiiee in ih. vai |st;i Its l..;i.l- ijnaitels were llien Ml llle iiKl eaiiital, •.Miel.ce, an. I II e iii^i-leij of four IIU-IIiImTS. Till- |ilesenl selli.ll- |ialtnil ll.lWi'\er, Mr «M«i1'i, it, owin;; U< tiuMiiial einlmnassni.nts Mi liniii.r, whose iiiini.' ajipeaie.! (iist in tie lom , ilesii,'nation. was an aer •nnlant .if iiiiich t xperient'e, liinl with iv ;,'(>otir»Mj, |.-avin;,' it eiitircly in th»- Inimls of .Mr. Ilimler ami Mr KoNe, who, iimler the sty II' of lliiiiier, Rose >v ( 'o . .oinpleteil the exist iny e.niti act with till' ( l.ivernnient, an.) secured it (ivc ycaiN niiewal tlure.if in |.S(;."i the h.parliiMiils were pel iiiaiieully ivinovcil tot MluMa, which icn.hicd ii iicc.-siii\ that the I'lrlianuiuun I'linlitiy Ofticc sKuuld also move thillnr. Tlur ooliiiiicl was not only piotitalile in iiscIC Inn it was the means of ai - tructin^H liM^'e , 1111, .lint of onlsidc j-cucral husinc.ss to the odiceand the lii'in lic;,Tni t.. |>ul>lis|i on ft l,iri;i' ««-»lc. .\n I s.i the lni.sy an. I piospcroiiH ycaiN |tftNMcd liy. - J-« ..a ■ I «i* I I mtatufft^j^m O o u UJ lO O (T Ct UJ I U- O UJ 1/1 O X 2 J CD D O- Q < a. Tl)Uih\T lii'iii;.'. Liirnl ( ioviTiiiin'iits wno foriiiuil in tlir lurir I'mviiii-os wliicli llicii went t(i iiiaki' II]) llic Diiiniiiiiiii : and it ln'canii' iHMi-isarv tliat local coiiti'acts siioiilil 111' awiinii'il in cii'li I'ldvinrc. 'j'ln- ta>k of I'wi niiiii,' llio tir-it ( IiPViTiiiiicnt in (>ntaiiu was intnistid to, aniu'ii'>>,fiiilv acconi- |ili-lu'il liy. tlie iatr lli.n. .loini Samllifld Mai'iloiiaM. wlin lirM lln' K'iii- ■!' piiwi'T tVoiii tlic siiiiiiiici' of 1M)7 until ni'ar tlic close of I ^7I I'li. in c^tali- lisliiiij; his l)c|iurlnn'nts al Toiontii. Iio cuiit laiti'l witlia iniai linn fni tlu' ( ii>\i'rnini'nt |piinlini;. 'I'lic farilitics aii>l cxpi rii'iicc of tlic tiini Wiic not siicli as lo cnalilr tlii'iii to can V out tlnii- contract to tlic -^atisfaciion of till' ( !o\i'niiiiint, wIjo maijc ovcrtmcs tn jlimtii-, Kos.- \- ( 'o , of < Miawa. to fstalilisli a liiaiicli al Toimito. aiid lo iiihIci lakf tln' woik iii|uiir.l I'V till' i'io\ incial ( lovcrnmcnt. 'I'licsc ovi>i tiiii's wcif lax 'iinaMv ii".]Minilii| lo, A tin ycai's fiintiact was niivilc liclwicn tlic tiiiii aiiiltlic 'Invi'in- niiMit, aneen tiie heftil- i|uarleis of the liriii. No .sooner had Mr. IJose reinoveil hither than a \iv\ deeid.d iiii|ietus was ;,'ivcn to the ^'enei-al liiisiness. '|"he ( iosi'innient. |iiintin^, ihoii^'h I'aiily |ii'o|ital>l<>. was altoi;ethei' insullicieni to eiiLjros^ all the eueij^y and i'eMiurcc-> of the liiMi, who lici^'an to piiliiish rc|iiinls nf i'!ni,di--li and foiei;;n works on a scale hcielofore unaltciii|>ted in this country Ijonoiiralile ai iani,'enienls were made with many of the ]iiinci|ial wii'ii^ of (ileal lirilain. incluiliii;; I 'liarics Iteade, Wilkie ('ollins, tin late l,.i|.| l.vtinn. Ml-*. ( )li|ihant, .lames I'ayn. IJesanl and llice \c. and their work^Wiii' Jirodiiced heir finiii advance ^hect s, e. i|iteni|)i Hi. leiiusly with I leir appeal • ance in London, and in a style which ('aiiadiai. icH(|er> had not I n ac- customed to look fill at the hand-, of the local jness 'j'he lilieial dialini,'> of the tii'iii with llieir respective authors pii \enled the furiini from nap- iiiLT any lar;,'e prolits from these \ciii iiie-- liiil tin- is^ui of such work--;_'a\e ail impiiUe to the pulilishiiiij trade nf the eoiintry, and did miiih to eulli- \iile a taste for ;,'o(id and wholesome literature, A chan),;e was made in the tiiiu in tin y>'ar 1^77 thii)iii.di the death of Mr. Hunter, and for some time allei wards .Mr Kn^e <'ariied on the liii>iiie-s iiiiassisleil. In lN7^. a yoiin^^cr lnnther, Mr. l)aiiiel i;o-.e a praetieal jirintei, of latu'c experience as a liusin"ss man, was adinitled to the liriii, whieli continued, and still eunlinues, to lie eiiriied on under the old style of lliinlcr, l!ose \- Co In ISS'J, Mr Haniel A. Komv a -on ..f Mr (i. M ^r AlEMOIilAL niLUME. Ifosc, wjis ,uimittcoi.lis. JVtlfv \- IVtl. v i>^ one of ili must lluuiisliiii;; retail I'litcrpiisis in T(ir(mt( liiivsiiciit to siyin,' tlmt it i .s niif 111' till' liuiiirii,' ^,lJ^ l""is(>s, ill its imiliciiiiir l.iaticli (.rtia.lc, to I.,. f,,im(l in tin- '^l Dominiun, Tho cujiiinoiiities .j.'ait in consist diirlly of cloth- ►'i,' in;;, niillin.Tv, cari.. Is, an.j j,'.'n.>ial .liy ;,'..o.ls, an.l (!,.• li..a.l.inai- tiTs of ilir liin, ,i,v sitiiat.Ml ,it innnhcrs liJS \- \'.\-l Kin;; Stiv.i Kast, i""in.',li,,t..|y .,|.|„,si(,. tlir Si. Lawicnr.. Market. Tlinv'thr rani|ant (Jol.l.'n (iiillin ivMi.s its liaiii-lity ,.n,st to tlio «a/r of all KrhoM-iv a,,,! tl.riv, .Iniin^' tlir iMisintss homs „f rv.;iy 'lay of tli.- wci-k, may !..■ s,...n a constant sticcr-sion of custo rs, (.a;;^:- to avail thcnisrKo of il„. advanta-is airoi-.jr.l l,y u l.ii ;;.■ an.l varitnl stock, oirciv.j at piicos wliidi, wl.cn tlu! .|iiality (.f tlio pro.lncts is takm ir,tu consi.lnation. nmM Im' l>iunonncc(| to lie without serious eoni|ietition in tlii- citv. The liusin.'ss wa.s ori-inally estaMislied on tlii.s site many year- a^ro, hy the oil iih.l well-known lirm of llu;rl,cH brothers, who hnilt up a lar;;e an.) prosperous trail e. hi piocess of ti the lirm went into the wholesale hiisi (less on V.in;,'e Street, and liispose.l of their retail -stah- lishnieiit lo Mi'ssrs. I'elley ,V I'etley. wh.i have ever since carriecl it on with an eiier^ry ami y I jiid^rnieiit which hav.' heeii atti'U'l.d with splendid ami Widl-descived Sllccev.. I)nrin;r the iVw yeiiis which h dap.sed since tliey Slice h'dtothe laisiness it has nearly tiel,l,d in volim and it st illcontinucH toj,'rosv with ever reasini; iiroportioiis It h.isl'roni time to time iieeii ioimd necessary to make considemhle additions to tli hiiildin;,' which at present has a froiilii^'e of lifty-live feet, a depth of one hundred an.l thirty fi-et, ami a hcijjlit of four stories. Should the liciiorinance of the future he home I'l!t:SE.\T. rs till- (Minx iiiiiiKi' uf |iiiirliii>rr>. 'I'll ilii- liiflit iif tlic iii.iiii iiiti'iiiic<' iiir [lili'il iiiw> .ill i>)\\^ lit' silks, siiliiis, ainl vi'lvit-., in iinlli'ss \;iiicly of i|iiiility Mini ]iiiri'. Il>ii' iiKiy I"' t'luiiicl w ill-\\ovi'M silks at piifcs to suit tlir wife uf tin- liiciliMiiii' nr tlir taliniT ; u liili, if I In- liiiycr's tasti; lir iii(ii(; aiiiliil lulls lif ina\ |ir(»\iurrii. Soini'wliat lartluT tn tlic rear arc iiiiiliiu-iy aii^l ilry ;^u()ils lit" cvi r\ till' left nf ttiv main I'litrancc is tin' n-a^ly lUiulr ilnlliiii:,' iliiiai tiii«'iit, wliicli iliclilih- till la|-;,'L'st assiiit incut uf nnii's alnl Imys" suits In lie seen in ( 'anaclii ; wliili' iniiiieiliatcly to the iiai is the tailminj,' ilf|iai tiiii-nt, wliiii' tlic lati'st stylos (if cliitlics ale iiiailc to milcr at lln' luwcst [niccs. Many of llie liL'st-ilrt'sscd iiieii in Toronto aiv iinlelitcl fur tlieir oiitsvanl cnilicllisliiiicnts to the skilful in,'iiii|iiilations of the cutters aiiil lucasiirers uf Messrs. I'.'tlcy iV iVtley. Ascciiiliiiii; to tlie sei-iind (lour, we arri\c at the caipet .le|iai Inieiit, one of the iiiost iiii|inrtiiiit hraiu'hes ot the iniinensc trmle carrieil on in the I'stalilishiiniit. Ilcie may he seen e\fry st\li' of Hoor-coM riiiv''. fioin the costK Ailhllssoii ail'l iiliisscls down to the chea]icsl lieni|i, toeethci with all the intcrnicdiatc i,'radcs of Kiddi'iiiiiiisier, 'I'aiicstry, and what not. 'I'll!' I 'oiiis all' s]mci, ^^^ i< m 7. 1.0 I.I 1.8 \M MM. 11.6 Photographic Sciences Corporation 33 WIST MAIN STRUT WHSTIR.N.Y. MS80 (71 A) •73-4S03 1" THE EVENING TELEGRAM BUILDINGS, Corner of Bay and King Sts. TORONTO: FAST AND PRESENT. ^Iic €bcning "STclcgvain. JIK KvENiN(i Tkleuiiam 1ms for soiiif years past ht-fii com- ''r/lii(\ij iiionly reco^,iiised Ijy the puhlic as tlio principal evening paper Uji i" Toronto. It is now in the nintli yt>ar of its oxistcnco ^Si^-J The lirat muiil.er wiw issued on the 17tli of April, 1«7(), and f^-jl from that time down to the present, several editions of it have aji- f'-^' peared every afternoon, except on Sundays an.i holidays. It was founded hy its presi^nt propi'ietor. Mi'. John Ross lloheitsou, who had previously been connected with several newspai)er enterprises in Toronto, and had aeipiired a reputation as an ener^retic and eapahle man of business. Dnrinjj; the first year ot' its existence it was issued at two cents. It tilled an aeknuwledj^'ed want in local journalism, and met witli considerable .success from the iirst. in I,S77 the price was re- duced to one cent, and the eH'ect was at once apparent in a liirKcly ex- tended circulation, which from that time forwaril f,'rew with rapid strides. Advertising patronage was a necessary ac( ipaniment of increa-s(^d circtilation, and by the time the paper had been established tlu-ee years it liad begun to yii^ld a large and hierati\e revenue from this soui'co. t)f late years it hiw been subjected to very keen rivalry, but as a ioctti advertising medium it has fully held its own, and is to-day one of the most profitable n((wspaper enterprises iu Ontario. It is read by jieople of all classes, and is more extensively sold on the streets and in the news stores than any other jjaper in the city. Its present circulation ranges from 12,000 to l"),000. The Tihyntm was the Hrst daily paper started in this Province on in- ilependent or non-parti.san political principles. From the date of Its (irst number until now it has kept itself entirely unlrannnelled by jjarty tioH, and hn.s always been ready to award itw approval or ius censure upon considerations of merit alone. Speaking in general terms, its prevailing tone is deeideilly liberal, but it is in no sens(> the (U'gan of any hard- and-fast school of politicians, and it criticises iiolh sides with tlu! utmost freedom. It liaH from the llrst devoted special attention to municipal mattei'H, a feature which has had no slight share in contributing to its - ;; . 1 \ -•-u -- MEMORIAL VOLUME. very icniarkal)le pecuniary success. It has also Itecn noteworthy for the freshness and eoniprehenisiveness of its local news, in whicli respect it has generally distanced its largei and older contemporaries. Its editorial notes and articles aro light and readable, the writers carefidly avoiding the ponderous, unwielily style which mars the ert'ect of so many of the articles in the morning dailii^s. The editor-in-chief, Mr. Alexander I'irie, is one of the best known and most popular of Canadian journalists. He has Iiecn connected with the paper evisr since its foundation, and is as closely ideiitilied with it in the pulilic luind as is Mr. Ilohertson himself. The tine building in which the Telcyntm finds its headquarters, on the .south-west corner of King and Bay Streets, was erected e.\pre.ssly for its acconnnodation. The structure was completed in 18St. It was Htted u)t with all the latest improvements, and with little n^gard to the mere question of expense. The 'felei//i(in was removed into it from its for- mer (piarters on the east side of Yongo Street, and there it is likely to remain for many years to come. The paper is printed on a Scott web perfecting press, whicli has capiicity for printing :2.H,00() to .'50,000 imjircssions per hour. The other appointments of the estalilishuient are fully connneiisui'ate with the spirit of V terprise which clwiracterizes the general management. The editorial and liusiness rooms are beyond comparison the most commo- dious and comfortable to be found in the city. Take it for all in all, the Krvniiiij Tvlciinoii is an honourable monument to the enterprise and energy of its proprietor. m TORONTO: PAST AXU PRESENT. Uhc etlcetcni -Assurance (tompann. S^B^"^^ Compnm-was incorporated in the year I80I, its charter ' il ^'''^"^'"^' '* permission to carry on the business of Fire, Marine, and Life Assurance. Up to tl-.t present time it has not engag- ^ ed in Life business, but has confined its oi-erations to the ^» other two brandies. A hirge number of the names of tlie leading y business men of Toronto of thirty years ago appear in tiie Petition for Incorporation, and one of the olyeets of organizing tiie Company is .set forth in tlic preamble to the Act of Incurporat'i'on as follows: " That it hath been con.sidered that the establishment of such an Asso- ciation would be greatly beneficial to the interests of this Province, ami tend to retain therein a large portion of the moneys annually sent away as premiums for such assurance." The first President of the Company was Mr. Isaac C. Gillmor. For several years 8ubse(pioiit to the date of Incorporation, the po.sition of Secre- tary was hold by Mr. Robert Stanton. The First Annual Report of tlio business of the Company shows a total premium income of £3,7-2r, 2.v. C