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IW' |l dominion (Exhibition, lS8*i. >•' k THE MINEIIIIIS OF NOVA SCOl. BY EDWIN (ilLlMN, Jji. A.M.. F.CI.S., M.II.S.C, (iOVEKNMUNT INSTKOTOU OI' MIMW rO!; TT!!': fUOVlNC}; <)"' NOVA ^C■C1i.^. HALIFAX. ^^ S. : COMMlsrsiONEIl OF FUI5LT0 WORKS AND MINE!^. QUEEN'S FinNTEK. 1882. -" }< f-* r*^i*^ 'c oluaincil Uy ((m.-^uUinu l>i'. I 'iiuson's A'-ii(lln,i (ii'i)Jogij : ''^'"' '^fi'"'" ""^^ Mimrnl Ln nils i>i' Sorn Scofiti, l»y \]. (lil|'in; the Ti'uiisact ions of tlic \o\;i Scoiia Institute of N;itui";il Scii-ni.'c. containinLj ]i;i]>civs on tlic (Icology ;iiii! M incrtilou'v of tin' Province. i'V l>i'. llonevmiin iUnl otlici's: and "ii ;i)))i!ic;itioi) in tli.- Oi^i'-e of till- i)c|)uii nicnl nf Mines. Il;ilif;i\. i:. Cll.l'IN, .h; 3 3 2 9 D 1^! !?»S?- ' ' wmmt» i^Jaimmd i ^ f Ifiiiiiir J 'rili XT-IE MINERALS OF NOVA SCOTIA Th"'. t|-<'U.>Ul'i - l>] l)ir r.ittll HVr lillli- IKJliii'li li\ t iir ;;iurl ,i'i jUlMit^ rj'tiiiing n'cuiiiTd lo (It. them foi' u.^r. The ci'it.'liftn of inucliiiu iv houspp, «!ti'., and tin- iiitlus of niiuci.s mikI hi'icurcrs. ;in- tin' tir,-.t .siL;ii.s ihii.h ii»t<'i'est people in iiiiniii:;, mid show pnu-tically the lienetit.-. uk- -iniing to farmers, earricrs, and iiiaiiufai.'tnrer>. ulio nre einph'yed in fe.-d \\\\f .\ni\ clothing the un(ler;L,'rouiid toilers. Th« mineral resountes of Canada . althoiiiih nieat and \aiied. apitear iiw,4rf«Kl l>y lier liroad Ixjuiidaiies, and h< r senttered popidation, en ,ja*red principally in agriculture. In Nova Scoiia alone does the miner occupy the position of a distinct I lass in tho coinuiunity. This is due primarily to its niinei-al wealth, Ahich T hav«' endeavoured to outline iu the following pages, hut is, perhaps, equally owing to its favoured position. I'Uu.-ed at the mouth of rho St. Ijawrence, and ovtM-hanging the eastern coast of Amerii'a, its position marks it out as a halting place in the highways of the .sea, and its numerous and deep harhors, permit the aj)j))*oach of \essels to within M few miles of evciy locality yielding mineral or agiicultural wealth. This facility of aeeess ga\(' rise to iin e.vtensive e\poilati'>n of eo il, gypsum, grindstones, etc., to the I'nited States many years aL(u, and -ini-(^ Confedei'ation tlu- ti'atle of our mineral exportation is tlowin'4 into QucV.'t c and other hominion l*ro\ inees in a. sieadily inereasin^- st r-'an- The conse(pienee of this is thai our mining industrie.> manifest a st -ady growth, and their future expan>ion will Ite eo-ecpial with that fyf the hominion. The natural po.~,itionof NovaSeotia IndieMio thai she sliouKl i'C the worksiiop of (-anada; that here, more protiiaiily than eU'^vJicrc hi the Dominion, ean sngai' he ri-tint'd. eotton iic spun, .and iron or -. he .-melted and \\i.>rk'-d into th" tlioi.H.-md ariiele> needed ip\ iiic eonii-.-ii-'or-, €m m ^'"'m:'^ mmm ^ ^> "itii: ^l^^■|;l;\l,•« <>\- \><\\ >i\\\\\. ^Iii' iii;uiiif;n I III I f. iMKi llif fViiiiKi. I Ici'i' alniir nt t\w I >r()ii.\. ri^'' lir^i li> Ik' noticed i^ the Siin ,,, ii Cmi! /-ii/t/.ttw ilii- cunI sli<»n ot l*;i|w Hirtdii. 1 1 - jijc.i ot' ji^iiil-'i'tic coiil is fstinijttcd ;it ."lOO s(|ii!in' mi!- .-■. Il cdiitiiiiis tell ciiiil >ciiin>, tVoni .1 lit I L' t'cri in tliirkiu-.^s. Iicsidr-' MiiiiHCMiis sin;dli'i- licds. The cn;d>; ;iie hiiihly l>iliiiiiiii(»us iiiid eokiiiv- .Mur:\ (rt the.-e;iiii- yield c(i;il Wfll iidii|i|ed t\>f u'Ji^ inukitm : tlie I'etlDti.- (.t' ftnul iciil \\ nikiiilj; slmu t'loiu S.OOO In |().(K)(> feet i>f >/iis nt' I ."» to h».' liiridl' |i(i\\ei Id ilie (on. It is also, us iiji|iears t'roMi iiiiniefoiis ecrtifi ciites, iiliiii'*! e, |ii;i I ((( Welsh steam loal. Se\ era I of the sea ins en joy i' ' '■'i\i;'.l.' iijijiratlnn as;,iiMd dnmest ie cnaN. tnr -..iraie and faiiLfe |iiii|in-' >. I In- tnllipw in;:; .'liuily-is- will sJmu the general character nt' thi.se coji'k ; M.'isiiin- {■■2^\() \ niai ii'' cundiiist ilile matter .">.■»•'» I 'I l'i.\(d c.ir'mn . ."I'J- 1 I I Vsh t-li:. >ii!)i|iiir , I 'MU) I'nal is also t'uuiul ni l.n.h liMmnnd. I(i\er I idialiitaiits. I'nri lit'.*;. Malimi and ether ji(iiiil~ in ('ape Iheinn. Kiit 11' t h' at leni Inn has vnr I'ceii paid In t hese Inialit ies. / /" I' f till' I'niil /'V />\\ tin- ! nfei'cnlnni.al. (.'rand Trunk arnl ntlmr ( aiiadian Kailuuvs. rile fnllnwin;,' analysis will -Imw i he L;eiieral character of these .-na''- : Moisture 2-10 Volatile comiiustil'le matter LM>'iiO Ki.\ed carlinii (i T I .'» Asli 7 ■.').» Sulphur •.'»() ///<' ij I' inlh riii ml ('(III! /'i'/il in not yet explored n\'r its s\ hf)lt t\ tt'tit hut its area has l>een estiinatetl at .'iOO sqiun'e miles. I III \|IM.i: \l> uK \0\ A ft< 111 I \ <)[»'',?;» lions lia\i' liitliiilu li.tn coiiliiiril rlncl'j ,-n iL.' Sj.rii;:; Hill iinij .lo!^';;iiis iiiiui'-;, Imi vi.\,.|;i| urn minrs iwi- Ixiii'^ ninipd om, I'lli- r<;;,'.l is -iliiiliil' in rji.iriictir in (lial i4' llii- I'i. ;..!» dlslrirl. mihI jv l;iri,'cly iis('(.I for stfiim iiml ddini -tic |iiir|inscv. Toiil isii.ri ill |{i\(i John (I'irlmi) and >r\irai [M.inrs > i ('midn'i 1:111(1 uimI (^»I(•JJ(•sIl t ('(uiiilics. iiui littli- i- l^n^un ai'oii; ii Tllf inn<^<)'\i\'^ niiiaik^ will slidU ijial iIhin i- a l:u;.t --'((.ti-ly 't ''na' a\ailiilil<' in (lie P)'n\ imo. .ind that i lif dillifiMi! lucalitiiN t'irni>Ii iln «|UaIitiis rr(|uiti(| f.,r a!nii>r>l r\ii'\ dnuM'sl i'- and ludii-trial w—- Dltfinu tllr ^ral I^SI Hnic wnv I . I ^ I .•_'7lM-fil, 'I'llis ij;i\. niijjloynirnl to I.S(i;{ i.^jm, and Klii l'(i\ s aliov c ;,rnnnd. TIk' mind" i \ii Scotia Olllilfio illld (Jllfl.fr Nfw IJiiinsw ids Nf wfomidiiiiH) Priiivf ildward lsl:.in.l West ludit.'s rtiid'd Statfs Ofiif)' C'outuiif - Tdfal idiis (l'.--'IO U.S.) ;;s:i,'il;i I •_':;.."»•_'(; i;lM7i 1 '.>,.'. i:> L't.r,0(v I i;;.7i'.^ I ;;.(•. i-j I. (>:;:. 'M i TllK COIJ) I'IKI.Ds ()!•' N(A A scoTI \. 'Tllf Atliiiilif shoic tVoiii (.'iin-o to Yurmonlli is oci-iijiifd i'V ihf iu.iii f<;rou Si .strata. Tlif width of (lie distri».'t \;\v\r< tVoin In i" !'• milrs.and its* area is fstimaifd at (i,(iiiO i-c^ttuiv inilfs. Alioiit. oiif halt' ff thisarfa i.s orcupifti l>y p'aiiitif rocUs : iti thf ri'imiininLj ^-.OOO s.iuaif milfsaif Vnuiul (hf strata whifli cdniain I'dld. Altlioii.i,di (hf auriffituis diarai-tf! of thf rocks alou- iln- wlidlf coast is well known, opcrutidns lia\f liillnrto lifcn ahno^i fxclu^ivclv coiifilied to tltf disti'ik-t lyiii,;,^ fii-t ui Halifax. llfi(> tlnif atv al.diil L'tl localities wliidi }ia\f yii.-Uh'd i-'-tunis fof a iiundifi ft yfuojif-idfs liuii tlreds of localitifs cdntaiiu't;,^- the drift, of ^'dod die wliicli lia> Tift yi't boew diP(0\ c)fd. V,' » - ' ' ' . - • -• ■ ■""■ iiii; .\iiNKi;\i.s or nx)\a oi'oriA. Tlie N'ovii Scotia yold is (it-rived ciitin-lv from viin wtu'kin;,'. Th.i auriforous quartz xcins occur in <^rou})S, ruuuiii'j; j)ai'allcl to (^ach other ;>ud preserving fixed relations to certain lines of disturltance of the strata They liav«^ in some cases ])een traced supertieially for distances of over- two miles, and li.'iv(> Ix-i-u followed vertically for 000 feet, without diniiiushiny; in value. Th(^ worked v«'ins \ai-y in thickness from L' to (iU inches, and are found hedded in ()iiartzite and clay slate. Numerous sulpliun^ts and i>tli(-r mimnals ai-e founil ii hese veins, and mvnerally hold gold. Tlie gold known to iiiiners ;is '•(.-narst^"" grild, iuid is in nc^sts and strings of (-\ery shape and si/.c. U is .-sometimes found in the encasing rocks in <|U;intities suHi cirnt to pei-niit of their ])rofital)l(^ treatment. The (|uari/. is ir-ated in this Pro\int-e in stamp mills oidy, (lri\(-n hy wate)- or st(-am pow(-i-. The ore is pulvc^'ised l)y stamps weighing from • >00 to T^O His. each. The gold is arrested liy mercury fed into the hox in which the stamping is done, and the lesulting amalgam collects aiound the dies, etc., and is regularly removed. Copper amalgamated plates are ^ilaced outside the '• liatt^'ry,'" and over them the powdered ore is passed to deposit any fine gold not retained in the hox. The co.st of treating i\\( on^ in crushers driven hy water power may be put down .at 50 to CO H^ents, and when steam power is used the cost varies frou) 75 cents to ^^\M, per ton. As a rule t.ju'se milU do not t-xtract ahove 75 jer cent, oi the gold i'ontainod in the ore. Part of it passes oti'as an impalpable powder, a^^d raucli of the loss is due to the gold being contained in the sulphurets ■ dluded to above. Xo systematic concentration has yet been attempt<*d of tlie tailings as they leave the crusher, l»iit the re-working of the old heaps of tailings lias lieen sui-cessfully commenc«Ml during the present year. Ilithcrio the system of mining pursued in the Provinc(- lias Wvi\ ot :i, lude and i(-niporarv (-har.-xct(-r, and i-onlined entii-elv to workimr out rich pock(-ts in tin- xeins. .More (enlightened views. how«-vei-, .ire now en tertaim-d, mid the Australian experience contirmt-d, that steady mining and milling of comparatively low grade ores yields more lasting and reliable i-etniiis ihiin brief r)pei-ations ainung <>idy .-it tli<- speedy ex liaust lull ul' rich jiockit^ ur •• chimnies. A> yet ••alluvial' '.;old has eot ligiiri-d to anv cxieni in our return.s. Altlioiiol) th.. ilisirii'l d le^ iiol prex-nj tin- Mi-t nccniiiiiliit ions of auri- Tiir; mihi;i;ai.>: (.|. \i.\ a ^(•oTl\. 9 forou.ssoildiaiac'torisini; jiianypai.'sof Ciilifoniia, (liciv run \.r iiodoul»«, that at many points th.> surface of our nnuhvjr districts, tuul the Ixxls of the dr.una-asoH. M the rate of Sl'.OO an aer.'. '|'J„se leases are for lerins of 20 years, an:J '•HM Im; rencNvcd. The -oM extracted is Naiu.'d at §18.00 per\mnco for v.u-uu-lu-d seen that the Imsine.ss, althou^^h small, pays V. ell. TJie iumiens(; extent of availahle territory, and the favouiin;? con ditiotis ot a healthy cliniaUi and moderately priced labour, [loint out tht; NovaScotia gold fields as a promisini,' territory for the le<,dtinuite exer ri-;e of the miner'.s art. THK IRON ORES OF NOVA SCOTIA. There can he little doubt that in the near tutuie the smeltiu* of our \ancKl stores of iron or (.^ will provt! a most important industry in thin province. Here, alone in tlio Dominion do the ores, tlji^ fued and the tiuxcvS occur in that Juxtapo.sition which is indispensable to the econo niical production of pig iron, and tlie innumerable industries directly occupied in its conversion into tnauufnctured iron and steel. The limitsof this paper forbid u.y giving more llmn a brief !i.-,t of th.' ii"S and the localities yielding them. Ueginning .at the western end of the PioNince. ue have lirst the Red Hematites and Magnetites of Clemeiitsport .and Nictaux, repicsenting a rang(^ of ferrifei'ous strata, extemling from Wimlsor to Dii^by, with one, interruption in tin' shape of the Paradi.se ginnite. r.'ie.su ores were w.irked on .i sukiII scale many \ears -A.'n), ImU th" furu;w;es could not t;ompet" In the hmitni local market ;l,gain.^l the cheap Kngliidi ii'oii, .\t that date they «,s^.,.. coiiijM'lled use chariT.al, }»i;t [. 10 THi: MINKKALS ol' NM\ A SCHTIA. (tow, with aliuiuUuit, riiilway t"nciliti»;s uikI rrady aciiss lu coke, tjif work «)t' siiicltiu,;,' and <'\po)'tiiii^ tlicsc ores lias a iiuicli lietti r rhaTuc (*f [Ictwccii \\'iii(ls(iraii<.l 'ri;ti'ii tlioi'f arc maiirroiis (l»|)(.isits of iroti ore, one of wliieh was woikod to a sinall extent to supply "ii""' to the. Steel ro\\n hematites, oft(,'U iiiglily man j^aniteroiis. Anions; the loealities may lie mentioned Selnia. (roshnn. Cilifto?! and llrooktield. 'f"!ie tcllowin;.;- aliaivsis is ef tile llrnoktield iU'e. Water I i-:;i; Silii'Ji I'^t S '.dpi I 111 it- tieid trace. .l*ii<>spltori(; Jieid , trace. ATe:;,llir iroo CO-OO Tlie (iiily loialiry at wliirh iron is smelted in No\a Scotia is Londou- (leiry. Hire all immense \ein of ankerite. ."lO to 1 ."iO feet wide, lioldin:.' brown li( iiiatite, cxiciids for many miles, and has Iieen v.nrked foT' :> numlier ef vearv. 'i'lie Steel ('ompaiiy ot (.'aiiada liave two idast furnaces here, and a hw'^i' rollinif mill and foundry. They nsrd last year ."jO.HSS tons uf ore. and l'7.''^-')1 tons of coke, ltesid(\s raw eoal. in smeltinL; alone. The pi^' and liar iron made here is of exeelleni. ipiality. and lind- ;; reaiiv market . In Pietoii ('oiiiit\' workalile depo.si.s of elay-ironstone. heiuatite. liiiionite. speeular and Sjiathlc ore, are found in the district extending from .Arisai^on tlie( !u1f shore to Clenu-arry on the Intercolonial Tlaitway. Some (jf these depo.sits are of inutsiial size, and fa\'orali|y situated. as the Watson ore hed, 1.") feet tliiek, within three miles of tin Piclou ,: (>F N(i\ \ >( iiTlA. II l.iiiicj>t()iif sitilaiilc fill- l!n\ i> i\ry\ wlirrc nut ln'twirii t hi- co.il ;mi(I u-oii (listvicts. I II ( i'iivsImmv) Crmiity M'\rr;i.l \ alualili' (|cji(i^it.s <,( >|m'. uhtr I'lr li;i\<' 5l('t')l OpCl (1 ;111(1 WOrkrd. Tllc (ilr tVdin (IMC (it' tlli'-dnev. Numerous other deposits of lieiiia,t ite are niet at I'.i.^r I'oud, Lorli l,een made. Still, enough has lieen done to show their \ai'iety and L;reiit alii\ndaiu'e. Cc/i/nr.- riiis ore is fouiul in this ProN ince in rock^ of e\erv a^fi'. 'I'he tra}> associated with the Trias of tlie Hay ^/l' l''undv vie]d> tiatnc cojipur at many points, anioiiL;' \vhi<'h may lie mentioned (^a]>e I )"Oi . Spcm-or, lii'iar, and Ki\e islands. I )uriiu; the pi-e-ent season an attemji- IS! Ikmul;- luatle to woi'k a lied carrying;' copper near the enti'ance (o An napolis r>asin. The results of tlie euter]iri.- 1- uiil h" jiwaited within lej-est, for the presence of tlie metal at so manv points in the nap iMiit."' has raised evpodatifius t hat in some localities it mav he foiiml ie -.'.ork aiile i|liailtities. Deposits of uray and yellow sulj,»hure!>. and carlionales of co[iper, ate iVtHpiciitly met in the I'pjier and Lowei' Coal .Mea'-iires of ("umhi'iland. Colchester, and l*iefou (.'ounties. These have ]»•!■]) wdtk'ed toasmali ex ^.ent, and ha\e yielded veiy rich ores. At Locliaher and {'olson s lalsc in Anti^onish ( ■ounly. soiue saluahie n they moit. At (Joxlieatli. in (,'ape Preton. a v ii^ortius devc.'h)pment is lieini;- ii:aiii of a deposit enri'yiii.i/ yellow ami purpleort s in fdsites of Launniian a-^e I II TMK .MISI:1:AI,.S ok nova SI'OTI.V. vSo far, tlu' .^luifLs at dfpths of altout 100 fct-t, l)uv<" proved \vurkul»lo df |)Osits, and arrangomcuts urc l>('iij<^ mado to Luild a tramway to Sydney Harbor, to allo»v of shipincnt of tlio richer ore, and of acc("^s to eoal for conw^utrating the lower grades. (lahanis, St. Ann'.'<, and Cheticani]*, may Im- mentioned ajnon^ namerous other points in Cajie JJreton, wh<'ir jn-omisini; indiiations of dopo^-its of this metal are found. Leail mnJ S'llrrr. 'I'lic oi'c of lead most fre([uently met liti-c is galena, generally carrying silver, ^s■llicll is said .sometimes to lie {mvsent in amounts running up to 100 ounces to the ton of lead. It oceuts in roel;s ')f all ages, }»ut most ahundantly in the Lower (I'li'lioniferous Jim<>stones wh'oli are met in almo.st e\<'rv county. At Oays llivei- and Pemhroke, the ore is met disseminated in linu- sLoj).»'.';, ill ([uantities which haN'e warranted a good deal of exploration. A\ S'nitiilield, in the same district, still larger deposits are met, and pr. or rixtMcr f(/'/'«r<\v. -This ndneral is found in Nova Scot!;* IE', immen.se quantities as soft or hydrated gypsum, and as anhyih'ite; or hard gypsum. It occurs associated with Lower Carborif«rous mari;-., etc., in beds fre(|uently 100 feet in thickness, it is expostul to view in the Counties of Kings. Hants, (;olchester, (!!umb('rland, and Antigonish, yir^ :it numerous poilll.^ on the liras D'Or Lake of Cape Ureton. Till' eliief ijuarries mc in tlw vicinity of Windsor, which uiaiiitains ar, annual e\p(»rtation of altoul 100.000 t(»i»s. This i> ship})t to the iJriked States, the liiiei' gi'ades I.eiiiL;- pvepiired toi' ari'hitectiii'al use, and iV ' I Mai-ef yi'ound for fii-tili^(>)'>. L^ TIIH MINKUALS <»r NOVA hCOTlA. Ill Cortiiin ]jorat<]S of liiiit; mid silica an; i'ound in llu- Windsor gypsum, which rcsomhip in composition thn P'Tuvi.ui iionitds. Siiould these minerals he proved Inrt" in .luantity thy v.(,uld i'nnu a \ahi!xl)!<' artic! • of export. /'rttVif red, purple, etc. The j-calities best known ar(; Londondc^rry, Chest<'r, Onslow, Kentvillc, ]^^!son■s Lake, ii,nd numerous phu.'es in Cap*' Breton. liarytes. — This mineral is found at numerous points in tli<' Province, and is eonlined to no particular «,'eolo,t,dcal hoiizon. Little attention htm yet ])een paid to it, and it has l)etii woi-ked, to a smaP extent only, at Five Islands and River John, Salt. Till,' low(!r (^rbonif(>rous marls and irypsums of Nova Hcotia a fre(juently yit^ld brine sprin;.,'s, ada{)ted for tla^ manufacture! of salt, but very few attempts have been made to utilize them. Anions these; springs may b(.' mentioned Jlenfrew, Spring Hill, Antigonish, JJaddeck, etc, Mincnil Sjtrings. Thcise are numerous, as may be expected from (he variety of our geological formations. Many of tlam ;ire locally l)C Heved to exerciser liealing or restorative. r;owers, and in some ca.'-.es it ap pears justly so. Others again owe their fame nien-ly to an abnormul ^aste, caused l)y .salts not present in (luantities large; enough to ext;rcisc nuidicinal eOects. Among these; springs may be named those; e)f Wih/xt, Chester- and .Salmon and .Sutherland's i> ivers. Sto/tes for ItidhUng, etc. — The; l.uilding stones of Ne.va S(e)tia are chiefly sandstone and granite). The; various grade's of tin; former are supplie;d almost entirely from the uppe;re;oal formation, and wo the'reforc find the> principal ejuarrie's in Cumbe;rland County, at Wal!ae-c, Joggins, Minudie River Philip, e'te'.. in Pictou C(»unty, at Puve'r JoIiik the- Pictou Rivers and Me'rigomish. On the I'.asin e;alitie's may be name;d the; Cobe;(juid Mountains (Nova Scotia propei), anel St. Ann's and Boisdah' in Caj)e' P>reton. '"■iiP',w^ r ■ ,'^F I } riii; mim;i!.m,.> nh nia a ><(iii \. ( ll';iiiit<'. (.c:rur.-. uhiiig tin- Atliiiilic sliorr in cm i\ \arirts i.l' U.'XUHr, itc. .Sholl»lini<.'. Qu('(Mi.s ;iii(| ll;ilit'ii,\ (yViimtics. Iiasr \ir|(lri| liaiidsomt; \arictif^. ntilix'd tition. Al m»imi' |)oniT> in ('rt[i<' l»r('lon. liuicstoncs arc met ni('laiiioi'|tlioscd into tnaililc. as at, West, and l"]ast Hays, ( icoi-ycs Ri\ci-. etc.. ami may |ii'o\c ot' commercial \-,ihH' at soiiic localities. I'liiys. slale> and clav.-^ are al>nnftant and \voi-kcd tor local u>e. linid>ayinou.^ .shales are t'oniiil at uian\ points in t he Sihirian strata and some of them aji|iear ridi ciioutjli to \sarruiit .1 trial (if their practieal adaptaliility (o the inirjmscs for which this ;nineral is valued. I III H.^oj'Kfl luiitli.- I )ep(i.>its ot this mineral are luei in niaiiv "f oiir lakes and swamp.-. <>' riiidxhnn-.-i, lie. Al t he .loi^gin N ViiL^wash. I'lidsh'vs. .Mt'ri,u,onnsh :i,Hd \arioiis points in (Jape IJi'eton, !.;riiid.stones and wlietstt.mes of u'ood iJiialily are lar<,'-ely cut ff>f Icjcnl and forciuii use. Till' t rn i> III tin- liiiii III' Fii inhj \vA< ac(|iiired a \viit niimerotis oilier curious tnint^rals. als(j defivecl fvom the inllhrat ini; and coiicciiiralin!L( power nf vvater. re ward the i-ollecti.iv's lal>i.ir>. P.arlrid^'e Island and r>lomi.don arc among the localities \shich have yicldi^d the linot specimens. Niiiiierons oi 111')' i III crest in.L;' minerals ticcnr in ilie Province, iait ilie limits of this liricf ]);i[«'r preclude any a.l tempt lo enumerate them, 'The nu;tamorphosc(| .-vi rata, ttiid tlieii- accumi.i.aiiyinL;- igneous rocks. ,so ahuiulani iierc. yield to the miiiei-alogisi a rich harvest for the niii.-roscope am! the an.dy.-^is lialaiice. 'The I'cadily acc'^siljlc sect iiin.-> ot' our carhouifi rous measures liaN o f!ial)led our g(>ologisis to point out Xo\ a, Scotia as the ivpical di.->trii-l of this important page in \\v history of the p;i>i. Tile work of the (,'aiLadian ( Icoloujical Survcv. and the la'iors of iiuli- Niduals, liavc shown that, valiiaMe as our mineral wealth now a[»j)ears, tht;i'e -XY^' n'rouiKls for lu'liev iu'.^- thai in the fttture ctpiallv imporlaid- dc- vclopiiiejils may In.- ci>iitidi-iii ly eNpecfed. L ■^"Mm^-,^