REPORT OF THE MARBLE DEPOSITS IN THE ISLAND OF CAPE BEETON, BELONGING TO THE MARBLE COMPANY HALIFAX, N. S, PRINTED BY JOHN BURGOYNE, 1 36 HOLLIS STREET. i88o. '^=^.^0 THE MARBLE DEPOSITS 0* CAPE BRETON. > • .> V . I til ..." •' " • • , ' ' # « » CAPE BRETON MARBLE COMPANY. DIRECTORS: r A. M. PAYNE, JAMES W. STAIRS, H. STUBBENDORF, ISr J. DIICW N, GEORGE JOHNSON, . Secretary, W. M. BROWN, HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA. ....... .♦ ; . • •: • •.' ,...» • • . • • ... ... . • • • ' THE MARBLE MOUNTAIN OF CAPE BRETON. This Mountain is s'tuated on tho north side of the West Bay of the Bras d'Or Lake. The area covered by the 2i) deeds aud leases, registered by tlie Company in the Registry OlHse of the County of Liverness, extends for over nine miles along the shore of the lake and about one and a half mile back from the water, and is equal to about 6000 acres. The mountain aver- ago 700 feet in height- There is good bold water for sliipping at the base of the mountain. The St. Peter's Canal, now being enlarged to make it a ship's canal, with 16 feet on the siil, and to be opened in May next, attbrds easy communication with the outer waters. A. company was formed in 1871, to open and, to a certain extent, to develop tho deposit. As the res«ilt of their labors, it has been ascertained that the best solid pure white and vari- egated marbles are in a mass, covering about 300 acres. The beds run in a north-east to south west direction, and are nearly vertical, with a dip of 80 degrees to the south. The quarry called the '- Grand Quarry" is situated about 450 feet above the level of the lake ; and a face wall of about 300 feet from east to west, and about 90 ieet down, has been laid bare. A tunnel has been driven through the marble and limestone for- mation south of the face wall, 400 feet in length. After clearing ouu the light yellow crumbling rock which inter- poses itself between the outer, or sopth, deposit and the main body, a wall face of clear, white, A.i.amless marble has been reached. This has been traced for nearly 150 feet west. To the east of this deposit the face-wall is seen for many hundred feet, and about 150 feet east it derelopes into a statuary mar- ble. Here excavations have been made, and the East^ or Stat- 60771 uary Quarry shows a iaco of 25 feet and a breadth of 30 feet. A tunnel has been driven in the same way as iho other tun- nel, and is within a score of leet from the lace wall. Fine flesh- colored marble is found at tlie oast end of Grand Quarry, and again east of the Statuary Quarry, where it changes to darker marble about a hundred yards distant, viz., blue and blue mixed wi>h red : the last seen in that direction had rather deep red stains mixed with green, and striped with nearly black lines. West of the Grand Quarry the face wall exhibits coarse ice marble, blue-and-white clouded or Brocatelli marble, wliich latter is traced 600 yards west of Grand Quarry, and consists of some six varieties of colored marble, viz., gr^-en and while, green, blue and white,^red streaked with blue, and with white. THE CHARACTER OP THESE MARBLES, Ure says "to constitute a profitable marble quarry there must bc' — 1st, a large extent of homogeneous limestoho; and 2ud, good facilities for cheap transport to the water." The great Carrara marble quarries are saccharoid limestones^ with a fine granulated texture like loaf sugar. The marbles from Pares are foliated limestones, consisting of a multitude of small facets of little plates applied lo one another in every possible direction. Both these kinds of statuary marble are to be found in inexhaustible quaniitics in the Marble Moun- tain, W3st Bay. Besides these. Professor How mentions "good building marble," (coarse ice marble) and some eight or nine other qualities or colors as valuable for building and monu- ments : in which opinion Professor H. Y. Hind concurred. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION. Professor How analyzed the blue limestone of the area, and found it to consist of-— Carbonate of lime • , .94.31 Carbonate of Magnesia , . .75 Oxide of Iron and Alumina . . . .45 Water . . . , .14 Phosphoric Acid , . . decided traces Siliceous residue . . 4.35 100.00 ■; i '.'* i It being thought desirable to see how the Cape Breton mar- ble compared with the United States marble, Professor [litch- cock's examination of the Columbian marble was forwarded to Professor How. In liia report upon the Vermont marble, its purity, nature of its coloring matter, and its ability to with- stand exposure, Professor Hitchcock, State Geologist for Maine and New Hampshire, said, " I find two principal varieties — 1st, the ligJtt clouded, nearly while ; 2nd, the dark striped and mottled stone, to which the name Columbian marble is usually distinctively applied. On consulting the careful analyses of these two varieties, by Mr. Penfield of the Yale (Jollego Scien- tific Scliool, it appears that the darker variety is the purest, containing 98.37 per cent, of carbonate of lime, while the light clouded stone carries two per cent, less of the same material, or 96.37 per cent. These are therefore remarkably pure marbles. The other ingredients or imonrilies are those com- mon to all the marbles of Western Vermont, viz., some silica, a little carbonate of magnesia, and traces of met illic carbon- ates. It is doubtful if any marble is ever absolutely destitute of magnesia, and it is certainly not sufficiently abundant to injure the soundness of the stone. Customers are apt to inquire about iron, meaning whether there is any sulphurtt of iron or pyrites present, because this mineral readily decomposes, leav- ing the stain of iron rust or oxyde. This compound is not present at all. Theie is therefore no impurity present which will injure the quality of the stone. . . . The analyses demonstrate that the color is produced by graphite, or pure carbon — a substance incapable of decomposition by atmospheric agents in any climate." . . Professor How had previously written, April 26, 1879: " From the analysis of limestone given in my first report, the great purity of the marble might be inferred; but further, I have to-day made a test of two samples, from which you can safely say the amount of carbonate of lime in the marl)le must be nearly lOU per cent." " U. How." On receipt of Professor Hitchcock's report on the chemical composition of the Vermont marble, Professor How wrote again as follows: April 30th, 1879. Dear Sir, — I have read Prcf. Hitchcock's letter (returned) and wliat ho says of Vermont marble is almost prec'sely what could be said of Marble Mountain. As I said before, take the analysis of the limestone as an index of the purity of the mar- ble. I have made no quantitative analysis of the marble, but, as I told you, from experiments lately made, you are safe in stating that there is close upon 100 per cent, of carbonate of lime in the marble. There i«, as usual in marble, carbonate of magnesia, but in this case it is trifling (so even in the lime- stone) and the same is the case with the silicious residue, which is probably what Prof. Hitchcock calls "Silica." I have made a direct test for magnesia carb. since my exper- iments mentioned in postal card, and I find there is, as I said, very Utile, as would be inferred from analysis of limestone. (Signed) fl. How, Prof. Chemistry, Kings College, Windsor." In the 1879 Ropoit of Explorations and Surveys in Cape Breton of H. Fletcher, B. A., addressed to A. R. C. Selwyn, F. K. S,. F. G. S, Director of the Geological Survey of Canada, the following statement occurs : " The finest deposit of workable marble yet developed in Rova. Scotia is that of Marble or North Mountain, on the West Bay of the Bras d'Or Lake, which was discovered by Air. N. J. Brown in 1868, but has attracted less attention than it deserves, owing to the difficulties which beset a new enter- prise, the occupation of the Canadian market by other quarries, more favorably situated, and the exclusion of Canadian marble from the United States by a duty. Still, there can be little doubt that this will ultimately become a source of profit to its owners. "In variety of color and tint this rock is like the crystalline limestone of the George's River series, of which it forms a part ; but it contains little or no admixture of the foreign minerals that elsewhere render them unfit for use, is more uniform in texture, and is in unequalled abundance. Its texture and quality are excellent ; it works freely, takes a good polish, stands the weather well, and is especially adapted for monuments and ornamental work. .... Several quarries have been opened. The Grand Quarry, about four hundred and fifty feet above the lake, and three hundred yards from deep water, is in the centre of the very best pure whito and variegated rock which is found over about two or three hundred acres, and exposed in the quarry to a height of sixty feet. ... A bed of yellowish, crumbling rock, eight feet thick, overlies the marble, and greatly facili- tates its removal. At the upper part of the face the marble is very much broken, but the cracks diminish in number, in ex- tent anddepth,and for some distance around the tunnel the mar- ble is white, solid and free '"rora flaws ; and as the beds here are from four .1 five feet thick, immense blocks can be removed. Another tunnel has been driven from a point half way between the first tunnel and the shore, to strike the wall-face 170 feet below the surface where the marble is clear white and free from flaws. The facilities foi mining, drainage and shipment could hardly be surpassed." WHAT PRACTICAL MEN SAY. In addition to submitting the marble to geologists and chem- ists, it was submitted to practical workers, with the following result. Messrs. G. W, Ross & Co., Pictou, N. S., write : — "We are very much pleased with its texture and quality. It works as freely as the best Italian marble, and we believe it will be more durable for outside work. It takes as good a polish as any marble we ever used. The Vermont is not a circumstance to it." Mr. Sanford, Marble worker, Halifax, writes : "I have very great pleasure in pronouncing its quality as a weather stone good. It works as free as Italian marble, takes as brilliant a polish, and I believe will stand the climate fully better." Mr. M. J. Griffin, proprietor of the Acadia Marble and Granite V7ork8, 224 Barrington Street, Halifax, N. S., writes: Jan. 27th, 1879. Dear Sir, — I received the samples of different colored mar- bles which you sent me, and was greatly surprised to find the quality of the stone so good and the varieties so numerous. I was not awaro that we had such a valuable marble deposit so 8 near homo. The samples, I found, could be worked easily, and were susceptible of a very high polish. In my judgment the marble is suitable for all purposes ot use and ornament, from the best building pujposes to those requiring finer grades, such as monumental and statuary work. I earnestly hope that you will soon be in a position to supply the marble cutters of the Dominion with all the rough stock they require, as I believe it to be In every respect equal to the fiuest grades of Italian or American marble," Since the date of the above letter, Mr. Griffin has visited the quarries, and devoted considerable time to their examination, and has authorized us to state that he has only been confirmed in his opinion of the excellence of these marbles. The quarries have been visited by Mr. Underbill, a Marble worker from Vermont, who writes to Mr. Brown : West Rutland, March 16th, 1877. . "I have been engaged in quarrying marble for over thirty years. I may say the superintending of the quar- rying of marble has been my business altogether till of late. I have seen most of the marble deposits in the States, but do not know of any to compare, either in variety or extent, with that of Marble Mountain, West Bay, Cape Breton. '*In my travels last summer I showed your marble samples to many marble dealers ; they would scarcely credit the facts when 1 described to them your quarries, being so dry and in the side of the mountain, and so near the harbor. I know of no place where there are such facilities to do an immense business in quarrying and shipping marble, and also sawing dimension stock on the place, as you have the proper sand and fuel, both of which we have to procure at a distance at considerable outlay. , . . With right management I do not see why, in a very short time, your enterprise would not be one of tile biggest things out, as it is quite evident the supply is quite inexhaustible, and the more marble taken away, the more valuable will become the quarry." Alderman George A. Sanford, marble worker, has handed to the Company a letter written to him by Mr. Underbill, in which he says : "I am once more at home, and I promised to I 9 write to you and let you know what I found at Cape Breton. I found a large deposit of white marble. Should think two- tliirds of the deposit a valuable building marble. The texturo is as coarse as common granite, and white, with clouds of nice blue spots nicely blended, sufficient to break the sameness that all white would produce. The balance ot the deposit is white, of fine color, strongly resembling the best Italian and nearly as fine. . . . Sand is readily obtained on the beach. The water is deep enough for large vessels, and from the Bras d'Or they can go to any part of the world. I have all confidence in the marble." In another letter Mr. Underhill refers again to the sand . "With your sand you would be able to saw more than we (in West Rutland) can with oupb (say 6 to our 4.) There is no place of my acquaintance where there is every advantage jiu. have." Specimens have also been sent to England and loft with dealers and workers in the article. A few samples of the re- sult will show what practical men there have thought. Mr. Cooper, Foreman of the Marble works of Alywin, Stampa & Co., London, after an examination of the samples, said, of the black and grey veined marble, " it was a mere question of producing it at a moderate cost and in quantity. The quality was good." Professor Tennant, Mineralogist to Her Majesty, examined specimens sent to him, and spoke very encouragingly, and said that "it was a question merely of what you could produce it for and at what rate it could be sold ; if cheaner than other marbles of the same quality, success was sure." lie declared the mar- ble enterprise to be quite unequalled as to size, adaptability and facilities for working and shipment, Mr. Lomas, of tho Marble Works, 28 King St. and St. Helen St., Derby, said : '*Tlic white marble would work well, and if sold low no doubt a large salo could be made, as the consumption of marble is very great and is constantly in- creasing." He thought "highly of the Bardillo," and "liked tho pink shade." He tried the limestone with a chisel, and smoothed it by means of a machine, and said it was " a very uice grey marble and would take well." 10 Mr. Burley, Foreman of the Hoptoii Wood Stone Quarries, Derby, "approved of all the samples as worthy of the atten- tion of the trade, if cheap." In answer to the question whether the white marble would take if it could be sold at 4s. to Ss. ster- ling a cubic foot, he said " it would ; a cheap white marble would sell as well for mantelpieces, and all sorts of work as the Italian, but if statuary were to be tried at a lower price than the Italian, it would sell splendidly." Mr. A. M , Payne, who, on behalf of the Company, made the tour among the marble men of England, reports that after the fullest investigation he believes the white marble could be sold in the English market at sixty-six shillings per ton, and could be landed at forty shillings, and that 5000 tons can be disposed of yearly. Mr. Somers, of Bakewell, approved of the samples if otFered at a low price, as there is no such thing as white marble at less than 9«. to 12s. per cubic foot, in London or Liverpool. Mr. Redfern of Ashford, expressed himself favorably as to the white if sold at 4». to 5s. per cubic foot ; believed that he could use it, and that it would find a ready sale. Mr. Twigg of the same place said there could be no doubt that such marble as the white and the grey would sell readily. Both these men are practical marble workers on a large scale, both in native and foreign marbles. In the General Mining Report, for 1877, Elenry Poole, Esq., F, G. S., Associate of the Royal School of Mines, thus reported tD the Government of the Province of Nova Scotia : " The Marble Mountain quarries did nothing pending tho repairs and enlargement of the St. Peter's Canal. Sample blocks of the white and various colored marbles sent from these quarries to tho Centennial Exhibition were much ad- mired . The quarries were visited by Mr, Underbill, of West Rutland, Vermont, who wrote and spoke most lavorably of the quality — a matter that can only bo fairly judged by a practical worker in marble. Of the extent of the deposits and the facil- ity for quarrying, I can justly say nothing more could be de- sired. An abrupt hill of solid marble, several hundreds of foot high, rises from the shore of the Bras d'Or Lake, with deep 11 water within a hundred feet. A tunnel has been driven through the broken and weathered beds on the slope of the hill into a rent which, when cleared of the clay which now fills it, pre- sents an extended face of marble unbroken by frost. The cleav- age planes of the beds are wide apart, and lie parallel to the mountain range and shore, so that large blocks can be econo- mically extracted, removed through the tunnel, and by a self- acting incline, lowered to the mill, there to be cut into slabs for shipment." Mr. F. A. T. Dunbar, a young sculptor of such promise that the Marquis of Lome has sent him to Italy to acquire further proficiency, was so pleased with the marble for statuary pur- poses that he has requested the Company to provide him with a block of marble 20 ft. x 6 or 8 ft. x 6 to 8 ft., for a statue for the Canadian Capitol. The iUfmmf/t/t^rwaZ (London, Eng.) referring to the Cape Breton Marble deposit belonging to the Company, says, in the closing paragraph of an article upon the subject: " For the last two years the work of development has been rapidly going on, and the marble at the end of the tunnel now finished is of good quality. Alorg the whole surlace, exposed to view, there is abundant evidence that marble in immense quantities is easily available. In short, the developments now made justify the present lessees in expressing their firm con- viction that the variety and extent of the limestone and marble rocks cropping out in such profusion in every direction on the estate, arc of such a naJurc that a judicious investment of capital, on a scale commensurate with its import.,nce, would render it a mine of wealth to its fortunate possessors. It is believed that the variety of shade and texture, and the great extent of the formation, will prove on further develop- ments to equal the quarries of Carrara and Massa in Italy, wliile the facilities for quarrying and shipment, and the man- ufacture of lime, are obvious." Thus geologists (among them Professor Honeyman, in a lecture delivered 5th November, 1879, and on November 7th OS per memo, in Geological Survey) practical chemists, practi- cal engincprs, practical quarry workers, and practical marble workers of extensive experience, have, during a period of ten years, concurred in affirming the great quantity, the good quality and the accessibility of these marbles. 12 COST OF PRODUCTION. Several experts have been consulted upon this point. Their statemento concur in the main witli the following: Adam Hunter, who can refer to Messrs. H. Peters, Johnston, Marvin, Brookfield, or any other contractor in Halifax, and ■who has been in charge of granite quarries for 20 years, visited Marble Mountain in June, 1876, with Messrs. J. W. Stairs and A. M. Paj-ne. IJe estimates cost of production as $2.00 per ton of 13 cubic feet, which he thinks will put it on the wharf at the Mountain, ready for shipment, rough. Marble, however, is nearly always scabbled and he estimates this as an additional $2.00, so that the marble would be put on wharf ready for ship- ment in a merchantable condition at a cost of $4,00 per ton. Granite costs 12.00 per ton of 13 cubic feet to quarry—the weight is on an average, say, 2,500 lbs. Hunter says marble should be quarried rough for less than this, say !|1.50 ; 1 ut it would cost tlie 50 cents probably to get it to the wharf. Granite costs $2.00 at mouth of quarry. It takes 2 drills to put in 3 holes in ordinary granite, after which the drill is useless. One drill is sufficient to put in 9 or more holes in marble; in fact Hunter in presence of Messrs. Stairs & Payne, put in 9 holes at the Mountain, and still the drill was in good condition. As to time, Hunter says it would take as long to put one hole in granite as two in marble. As to time for scabbling, he thinks a good workman should scabble from 4 to 5 tons a day. As to time for quarrying, he thinks after quarries are cleared properly for Vv'ork, a good quarry man on an average should take out a ton a day. The items to be considered, and on which Hunter, with his life-long experience, bases these calculations, are as follows : Labor, average, say '11.50 per day. Furnishing and sharpening steel or tools, 25 cis. per ton. For these items of furnishing and sharpening steel. Hunter says it costs him 27 cents a ton for granite, but thinks with marble it should cost rather less. When i)Owder is used it adds an additional cost of from 5 to 6 cents a ton. Powder, however, is seldom or ever employed with marble. Hunier says the application of labor saving machinery would, without doubt, make a great reduction in expense of pruduc- 13 tion, and would soon reimburse the cost of the machinery. He referred to the machinery in use at Rutland, of which the Company have plans and estimates. Freiiilits are from $i to 14.50 ; incidentals |1.50, making in all $10.00 per ton. PROFITS. From the facts already given, it will appear that there are markets in England, the United States, and in Canada — in the first tor the less valuable kinds in particular ; in the second for the same class of marbles as are imported from Italy ; and in the third for all Varieties, Taking a low estimate of quantities, tiiere is a probable demand — In England for 5000 tons at 115, net profit -15 . . .$25,000 Li U. States for 1000 " $45, " $20. ... 20,000 In Canada for 2000 " $20, " $7.50 . . 15,000 $60,000 The Rutland Marble Co, capital stock $1,000,000, in 1«76 sold 30,000 tons, with a gross return of 1500,000, equal to $17 a ton average. Applying this ratio to, say 10,00U tons, wo have a gross return of $170,000, which at the rate of 20 p. c. for profit (which is the published Rutland rate) would give *35,000 net profit. It must be remembered that in the above estimate no account is taken of the probable market in England for the more expensive kinds of marble ; and the amount set down for Canadian oonsumj^tion is much below that shown by the Trade Keturns to bo imported intc the Dominion. It is further to be remembered that the expenses connected with quarrying are much less in Marble Mountain, owing to the fact that large sums arc required in Rutland for steam engines for drainage and for lifting the blocks from the workings which are from 100 to 250 feet below the surface, while in the Cape Breton quar- ries there is a notural drainage and little hoisting is required. These facts warrant the belief that 20 p. c. of the gross returns will represent the minimum of profit. 14 GENERAL 0B3ERVATI0NS. Ist. The Company have obtained from the Government o'" Canada, at the last session of the Parliament, duti';ci upon im- ported marble as follows ; Marble in blocks from the quarry, in the rough or sawn on two sides only and not specially shapen, containing 15 cubic feet or over lo p. c. ad valorem Slabs sawn on not more than two sides 15 p. c. advalorem Marble bloch and slabs, sawn on more than two sides 20 p. c. advalorem On FlnisJied Marble and on all manufactures of marble not eLjewhere specified 25 p. c. advalorem Blocks of marble imder 15 cubic feet are admitted (13 cubic feet make a ton) on payment of the general tariif rate 20 p. c advalorem 2nd. Sir Samuel Tilley, Minister of Finance, has addressed an answer to an enquiry, whether marble would be put tiu'ough the canals by the Government free of tolls. In that answer ho says "I hare no doubt marble will be dealt with as 'stone,' (that is free) in the order referred to ra your letter of the 29th April." 3rd. The Company has every reason to believe that if the present duty is not found sufficient to give them control of the markets of Canada, it will be further amended — in accjrdanco with the following request : "Ottawa, March 1st, '79. We, the undersigned members from Nova Scotia, of the House of Commons for the Dominion of Canada, having had brought to our notice the fact that the American duty on Canadian marble amounts to an average of seventy-five per cent, ad valorem, and knowing that Canada contains millions of tons of that valuable deposit in its purest state, which requires the fostering aid of the Government to properly develop ; Pray that a duty be imposed by our Government on American marble equal to that imposed by the American Government on Canadian marble. 16 And your petitioners, as in duty bound, will ever pray, &o. (Sgd.) JOHN C. WADE, M. P., Digby. WM. McDonald, m. p., c. b. EOBERT DOULL, M. P., Pictou. AVARD LONGLEY,M.P., Annapolis, M. B. DALY, M. P., Halifax. ALFRED OODEN, M. P , Guysboro. W. HENRY ALLISON, M. P., Hants. SAM. McDonald, M. p., Inverness, S. F. R. BILL, M.P., Queens. M. H. RICHEY, M. P., Halifax. THOS. McKAY, M, p., Colchester. The two members of the Cabinet from Nova ^otia, Sir Charles Tapper and Hon. Jas. McDonald, al j expressed themselves as favoring the above, but for obvious reasons did not wish to sign the document. The object and aim of the government is, it will be seen, to assist in developing the marble industry of Canada. 4. The amount of marble imported into Canada, as per Trade Returns, 1878-9, was |lie',000. The trade thus indicated is capable of great extension, owing to the presence of building marble, which can be supplied at as low a rate as any other building stone. 5. The Company have secured from the original proprietor an agreement, by which he binds himself to remit the royalty he reserved (of 40 cents a ton) and gives the Company power (a) to have a sliding scale — two years no royalty ; third year 5 cents a ton ; then increasing by 5 cents a year till the 10th year, when it is forty cents, at which figure it remains; (5) or 10 per cent, on the net profit on all ship- ments of marble made, instead of the 40 cents royalty. 6. Enquiry has elicited and experiment established the fact, tliat the rubble or broken marble may be utilized by having it powdered, when it is, available for zinc paint and paints generally ; 100 lbs. of:tliem1arbli'.<}u3j; -taking up within a gill as much oil as 100 ^''s: i)f.Bai:ytc^* ^ItcJin 'ajs^ biJ.'used for enameUing paper coLcir^^ f'jBwJji.tgwashing'&li'd'foi muslin. A similar article, called Uh& •lit«0;F9el«V*ofl?.ho!dp'Isl'ajnrd, oom- ** • , •„ >^ 16 mands for these purposes from .$30 to J^40 a ton, while it Jaa be manufactured fur the market at a cost not exceeding -I'lS a ton. 7. The immense deposit of blue limestone (the analysis of which by Prof. How is given 'before) in " Marble Mountain" is exactly similar to the celebrated Kockland limestone. With a plentiful supply of wood and a fine stream of water at hand, and with coal near by, this branch of industry ought to be more profitably carried on than at Rockland, wliere a heavy royalty is paid to the owners, and the stone has to be hauled considerable distances. 8. There is a large dem'\nd for lime in the province of Prince Edward Island for agricultural purposes. The near- ness of the Marble Mountain to that Island gives it superiority over any other rival, which superiority the deci led traces of phosphoric acid tound in the limestone still further increase. 9. The Trade Returns of the United States show that a large business is done in marble. For the year ending June 3Ctli, 1879, the exports from the U. S. were, of rough marble $143, 457 ; of manufactured marble $430,849 (much of this finds its way to England.) The imports for the same period were $689,:^88. These figures show that there is a large export trade to be done in the marble of this continent, and also that notwithstanding the high tariff of the United States it is possi- ble to place foreign marbles upon that market. « 1 .,T%> I.* « ,.■' ( J r ■■ PRINTEO BY-JOHN'Bt:ilGO\*NE> 1 36 HOLLIS STREET, HALIFAX, N, Bk ;/'^ iis • - ii,?K- 1 .- '■ ■■ V'-' >i^ . ' !' W.> V. ^4f '^Z ;^V(.,^