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In aooordanoe thereivltli. HALIFAX, N. S. FEINTED BY A. GRANT. PRINTER TO THE QUEEN'S MOST EXCELLENT HAJESTT. 1866. -73. EDUCATION OFFICE, HALIFAX, June, 1866. The Council of Public Instruction has deemed it expedient to issue, for general circulation and reference, the following edition of the Law con- cerning Public Schools. If the Act of 1865, and the Amendment of 1866, were published separately, the Council is of opinion that much trouble and inconvenience would be incurred by school officers and the people generally, from being compelled on every occasion to comnaie the one with the other, in order to determine what portions of the old i» ct are still in force, and what portions are repealed. In order to obviat^; this, and to give, in a clear and connected form, the amended provisions of the law, all he reoealed portions of the Act of 1865 are omitted, and each amendment i. inserted In its proper place, under the subject to which it relates. The chief i:mt,nd- ments, except those referring specially to the city of HaUfax, are printed in italic letters. The following sections and parts of sections do not come into opere.-.or until the Third Monday in October next, viz. :— Sec. 6 (15) ; sec. 17 ; the part of sec. 18 in itaUcs ; sec. 19 ; sec. 20 ; the part of sec. 42 in itahcs. Sec. 20 may, however, be acted upon at once, as specified in sec. 41. For the information of sections having school-houses owned in shares, the Act to authorize the sale of the same is appended. See page 20. The Comments and Regulations of the Council have been revised in ac- <5ordance with the amended law. The Public School service is to be regulated and conducted, on and after the third Monday in October next, agreeably to the amended Law and Regulations herein published. By order. T. H. RAND, SuperiniendenI o/" JMucoiion. \ \ \ ^mm f I 1 ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF LAW. (The numbers refer to the Sections of the Law.) w^N.vuAL Mretincj. — How oonvcnod, 25. How organized. 2(>. Towers of, 26, 29. Appauatus.— See Books. A.S8KS8MENT.— On County for Schools, 19. On Hection. for school purposes, 20, 41. On city of Halifax for do., 49 (4). B Boors. — How prescribed, 6 (7). To be supplied to Trustees at half cost. 6 (15). Record of to be kept by Secy, to Trus- tees, 44 (4). Care of by teacher. 45 (7). DoiiDhU Skction. — Defined, 1 (2). Return of, 2? {Kt). IVjRuowiNu Money.— 34, 38 (4). In Hali- fax City, 49 '7). tu«iNi>AiiiE.s o" "3'=;''^;oxs.— How altered, 13 (:). Record of. 17 (3). Evidence of, in C!o:-.i"*3 cf Law, 47. Ci.EKK OF Peace.--To assess County for Schools, 19. To notify Supt. of Ed. and Inspector of sum so assessed, 21. To affix amount of property of rate-payers on list, and fee for same, 38 (3). Bond of Secy, to Trustees to be lodged with, 42. Co aMissioNEas. — Appointment of, 5. Pow- ers of, 13 (D- (7) ; 14. Time of meet- ings cf, how fixed, 6 (4). Special meet- ings of, 6 (4), 8. To decide on legality of schools, 11. To certify distributions, 12. Appeals from decisions of, how de- termined, 6 (9^, Corporations and Co.mpanies. — Property of, subject to sectional assessment, 24. Council op Public Instx'ction. — How formed, 2. Powers of, 6 (l)-(15). CouNTY.—Term "County" to apply to Districts holding General Sessions of the Peace, 23. CoDNTY Academies.— How regulated, 6 (10). Supervision of, 7 (1). Inspec- tion of, 17 (4) : 6. Special grant to, 18, and Schedule B. County Fund.— How levied, drawn, and apportioned, 19. Amount of, due schools in May, to be loaned from Treasury, 22. District. — Defined , trict, Schedule A. 1 (3). List of 0!a- Educational Journal.— Publication and circulation of, G (15). Examiners.— Proutncioi, how appointed, 6 (1). License from, valid for whole Province, 45. Committee of IHstrict, Chairman, how appointed, 6(1). Other members, 9. Meetings and pay of, 15. Duties of, 16 (l)-(3). Appeals from decisions of, how determined, 6 (9). Exemptions.— School officei-y, while em- ployed, exempt from certain duties and taxes, 48. (Jlergymen and ministers exempt from school taxes under $2000, 46. H HouDAYs.— How regulated, 6 (6), Schools to receive no allowance for being in session duri ig, 19. I INSPECTOR.S.— How appointed, 6 (2). Sal- ary of, 17. Duties of, 17 (l)-( 13). Institutes of Teachers. — Superintendent to hold, 7 (4). Libraries. — Books for, how prescribed, 6 (7). Regulations for, how made, 6 (13.) Grant for, 6 (13). Maps.— See Books. M N Normal School.— Principal and Teachers of, how^ appointed, 4. Regulations for, how made, 6(1). Admission certificates, how obtained, 16 (2). Travelling ex- penses of teachers attending, 6 (14). Poor Sections.— How designated, 1 9. Spe- cial aid to, 19 ; 18 ; 6 (13). IV ALPHABETICAL INDEX OP LAW. Pupn-fl.— To be admitted free, 35 (5"). Clas- Hification of, 36 ; 37 ; 45 (4). May be Huspended or expelled, in certain cases, 38 (6). Trustees may admii from other oections, 33. Ratr-payrrs.— Definition, 1 (4). To de- cide amount to be raised for school pur- poses, 20, 2C. Meetings of. ^5, 30. Spe- cial Meetings of, 38 (8), il. Requisi- tion of, 30, 41. Rboi.stekh. — How prescribed, 6 (8). How distributed, 17 (8). To be kept by teach- ers, 45 (3). To be preserved, 44 (3.) Returns. — Blanks, bow distributed, 17 (8). To be made by trustees, 38 (10). To be certified by teacher, 45 (12). Penalty for false, 13 (3), 45 (12). 8 SoHoous.— To be free, 35 (5). Grading of, 35 (6) (c)-(f ) ; 36. Notice of opening of, 38 (2). SCPOOL-HOUSBS.— Sites of, 35 (4). Chang- ing sites of, 4Q. Selection of designs for, 38 (4). Flans for, how prescribed, 6, (7). Trust^ees may insure, 50. May be condemned as unfit, 13 (2). School Accommodation.— Extent of, ac- cordinc: to No. of pupils in section, 35 (5) {a)-if). School Year and Terms.- -Defined, 51. Secretary to Trustees.— -How appointed, 35 (1). To give bond, 42. Commissions of. 43. Duties of, 44 (l)-(r.). To col- lect Hums assessed on rate-payers, 20. Si'KciAi, Mketinos. — Of Commissioners, how convened, (i (4), 8. Of llate-pay- crs, how convened, 38 (8), 41. Superior Schools.— How reg\ilated. (J (10). Report of Inspector on, 17 (6.) Grant for, 18. Superintendent.— How appointed, 3. Sa- lary of, 7. Duties of, 7 (l)-(8). TEAcnERS.— Regulations for classifying, how made, (J (3). How examined, 16 (1). Must hold license, 45. Duties of, 45 (1)-(12). Grants to several classes of, 18. Number employed to be propor- tioned to number of pupils, 35 (5) (a)- (f). Trustees may suspend or dismiss in certain cases, 39. License of, may be ca.ncclled in certain cases, 13 (5). Trustees.— How elected, 29, 38 (8). How appointed in certain cases, 13 (7), 30. To a isess amount voted by rate-payers, 20. To call special meetings, 30, 41. Powers of. 32, 33. 34, 39, 40, 50. Duties of. 35 {l)-(5) (/■), 36, 37, 38 (I)-(IO), 41. Penalty for refusing to act, 31 . Appeals from decisions of, how determined, 6(9); 39. Vacations. — See Holidays. Visitors op Sctiooi.s.— Members of Legis- lature, ministers of religion, and magis- trates, to be, 40. Register to be open to inspection of, 45 (3). Tlio Law conccriiiim- Public Scliools. Be it enacted by tlio Governor, Council, and Assembly as follows : — ' 1. Tlie following terms used in tliis Act shall mean as herein defined : (1.). "Section." That portion of territory the school or schools of which may bo presided over by a Board of Trustees [except where the context shall exclude such definition] ' ' (2.) "Border section." A section embracing portions of two or more districts. (3 ) "District." That portion of territory the schools of which may be under the general supervision of a Board of Commissioners, except wliero the context shall exclude such definition. (4.) "Eate-payer. Any resident of a section rated in re- spect ot real or personal property in the county rate-roll, r. .P?J^??^^^^s of tJie Executive Council shall form a Councu of Public Instruction, five of whom shall be a quorum. 3. The Governor in Council shall have power to appoint a Provincial Superintendent of Education, who shall also be Secretary to the Council of Public Instruction. p ^ . The Governor in Council shall have power to appoint a Principal of the Normal and Model Schools, at a salary not exceeding twelve hundred dollars per annum, who shall ap- point such assistants, with the approval of the Council of Public instruction, as may be found necessary. 6. The Governor in Council shall have power to appoint seven or more Commissioners for each district rimed in the annexed Schedule A, who shall form a Board of School Com- missioners, of whom five shall be a quorum Doilnitlon of Torins. Coiinoil of Pub- lic Instnicttoo, liow formed. .Siiperintenden« of Education. Principal of Noimal and Modol .School*, salary, &o. Commissioners. COUNCIL OP PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 6. The Council of Public Instruction shall have power— (1.) To make regulations for the conduct of the Normal L°SuS^ hchool, prescribe the conditions of admission and graduation p°^*^^<>*"- ot pupil teachers, and appoint Provincial Examiners to exam- mo the same at the completion of each term, for the purpose of awarding certificates to those found qualified: said Provin- cial Exammers to receive three dollars each per diem while '"^ ^'**'"' actually engaged hi the work of examination, and ne'^«-«ry 2 THE LAW CONCERNlNa PUBLIC SCHOOLS. (^halrrrinn of Dlntrlct Kxornl- ncm. AppoiiitiTK'ntof in»'p«ctori. IlopiilntlonH ftir drawing money, i»; travelling expenses to auvl from Truro; and also an Kyamincr for cacii district in the Province, who shall bo Chairman of the Connnitteo of District Fxamincrs. (2.) To ap|)oint, upon the rceouuucndation of the Sup'-'nn- ten'dent of Education, an inspector of schools for each county of tho Province. (3.) To prej)are and pul)lish rop;ulations under which moneys may l>o drawn and ex})ended, and tcacliers classilicd. (4.) To fix tho time of tho semi-annual meeting of each Board of School Commissioners, and call special meetings of any Board when deemed necessary. (5.) To make such regulations for the guidance of School Boarils as may seem best fitted to secure uniformity in their proceed ir.gs. (G.) To regulate the time in session, holidays and vacations of all public schools. (7.) To prescribe, with the concurrence of the Supcnnton- tcxt-books, &c. ([qi^i^ suitable text-books and apparatus for all public schools, proper l)ooks for school libraries, and plans for school houses- (8.) To prescribe the form of school registers for all public schools. (9.) To determine all cases of appeal from the decision of Commissioners, District Examiners, and Trustees, and make such orders thereon as n^ay be required. (10.) To m-ake regulations for constructing, locating, and Sohuol hunrds. Mako nilPH to f:uido Wchool (dUi'ds. To rpf;ulat(! holidays, &c. To prcscribo School registers To detormino appeals from Coinmibaionors. To mako rcgnla- demies -ind Superior Schools. To arrange for menbi tions for Ac»,- controllip'i- County Academies and Superior Schools, and to demies 'xn(\ o .' • • i j. ii authorize the payment of provincial grants to the same. (11.) To receive the recommendation of any inspector fur np'nti*^^' ""i"""*- separate apartments or buildings in any section, for the difilerent sexes or different colors, and make such decisions thereon as they shall deem proi)er. To provide for (12). T* make any provisions, not inconsistent with this fng'^unde? n!is ^ct, that may be necessary to meet exigencies occurring under act- its operation. •xo draw grant (13.) To draw from the tieasury a sum not exceeding six- ^'■*' teen hundred dollars for the establishment of school libraries, on the condition that any section raise a sum equal to the iimount sought from the Council (consideration being given to poor sections) ; the books to bo selected from a general catalogue authorized by the Council, and the libraries to bo managed under uniform regulations prepared by the Council, and at all times to be open to inspection of the Superintendent, inspectors, and Examiners ; and when tho foregoing sum, or .any portion of it, remains undrawn, it may be applied for the purchase of maps and globes, to be supplied to sections on the ;same conditions as the library books. To draw public (14.) To draw froui the treasury, upon the requisition of trlcfeiamfuers, the Superintendent, a sum sufficient to pay the amount allowed '"'• to Provincial and District Examiners, and the expenses incurred F.' for schodl 11 riios. Grant condi tional. THE LAW CONCFRNINO PUBLIC HCIIOOI^. 8 by the Sunorintondoiit i.i furuisliijig printed instructions, blank lornis, and copies of tliis act, as directed by law ; and, also, five cents a mile towards the travoUinK cxponBcs o'" those to whom Histnct Examiners may giro cortificatos of admission to the Normal School. (i.*).) The Council of Public IvMruction shall have power to sch.oi ..nokn araw annuaU.i> from the treasuri/, upop the requisition of the •"»?'*'»'"» "!'!'«• .Superintendent of Edueafim. a sum mt to exceed ten thousand ^^^'^ '""' fourhnnared dollars ; to be applied by the Superintendent, under the direction of the Council, to the purchase of prescribed school books, maps, and aj>paraius, and the piddication of an Educational J-'Urnal; thefmncr to be supplied at half cost to trustees ok their presentinfj a certificate that the articles remired are for the exclu- sive use of public schools ; and a oopn of the Educatimiai Journal Educational snail be supplied (iratuitously to each Boar^. of Trustees for their •'■''"'•'"''• otvn and the Teacher's use, and where there are mor^ than one licensed teacher employed, -^npy tu each such teacher; also, a com to each Inspector, Vhairm<. ^fExaminm-s and of Commissio'^'^l SUPEULNTENDENT, 7. Tlie Snperintendr ^ of Education shall receive nn am ual salary of one thousand twc hundred dollars, and four h drcd dollars for travelling expenses and contingencies of < ' 'ce Ihe Supermtendent's duHcs shall be as follows: (1.) To have, subject to the Council of Public Instruction, the general supervision and direction of the Inspectors, t'le Aorraal School, County Academies, Superior and Common Schools. (2.) To enforce the provisions of this Act and the regula- tions of the Council. (8.) To promote the establishment and efficiency U countv academies and superior schools. (4.) To hold public meetings and institutes of teachers. (0.) To inquire and report respectitig the qualifications of teachers ana the management of schools. («.) To inspect, as often as possible, all the county acade- mies, and wlion directed by the Council of Public Instruction, any school receiving provincial aid. (7.) To prepare p.'Iited instructions and blank forms for all purposes required by this act, and furnish tlera, together with copies of this act and the regulations of the Council, gra- tuitously, to the Inspectors, Boards of School Commissioners, irustees, and Teachers. (8.) To make annually, for the information of the legis- lature, a report on the state of the academies and schools subject to his inspection and supervision, accompu ded by full statistical tables and detailed accounts of the expendHurL of the moneys appropriated by this act, and olfer such suff :restions on educational subjects as he raa^ deem proper. Siiprintendent . Salary. Coa- tingoncies. Dutlos of. 'I'o have super- vision of inspec- tors and jchools To enforce this act. To promote county acade- mies. &r To holi meet- ings. 1 o report quail- hcatlona of teacliers. To inspect county Ecade- mies p"d schoold. To prepare in- structions, blanlcs, &c. To make annual report. Commissioners — mootings of. Special meet- ings. District Exami- ners—how aj)- pointed. Kotums— when to b(> lodged at inspector's office. ComTiissioners to receive in- spector's report. Approval or disapproval to be endorsed on return. All returns to be .sent to Super- intendent. Ortiflcates of distribution. Powers of Com- missioners. To alter sec- tions. Mode of. Limitation. 4 THE LAW CONCERNING PUBLIC SCHOOLS. COMMISSIONERS. 8. Each Board of Commigsioners shall meet semi-annually on the day appointed by the Council of Public Instruction, and shall elect a chairman at the regular meeting in the autumn, who shall call a special meeting when required by two members of the Board, or when directed by the Council of - ublic Instruction. In case of a special meeting, the chair- man shall notify the inspector of the same, and if the inspector be unable to attend, the Board shall appoint a Secretary pro tsm. who shall record the proceedings of the meetings, and preserve such record for the inspector, and transact any other necessary business, as directed by the Board ; and in case of the absence of the chairman, the Commissioners may appoint a chairman pro tern. 9. Each Board of Commissioners shall appoint two well qualified District Examiners (who may or may not bo members of the Board), who shali co-operate with an examiner appointed ' by tlic Council of Public Instruction, for the purpose of exam- ' ing and licensing persons wishing to teach. 10. Each Board of Commissioners shall fix a day, which shall be at least two days prior to the semi-annual meeting, on or before which the returns of all common and superior schools and the county academy shall be lodged at the district office of the Inspector. 11. Each Board of Commissioners, at its semi-annual meet- ing, shall receive the Inspector's report as to the condition of the schools of the district, and the Board shall examine the several returns, and, if found satisfactory, they shall be marked as approved by the Board, and shall be signed by both the chairman and the inspector ; and if from any just cause, as specified in this act, the Commissioners shall withhold their approval, they shall write upon the return their decision, with the grounds thereof ; and all school returns shall be transmitted to the Superintendent of Education. 12. Each Board of Commissioners shall forward with the semi-annual returns, district examiners', and inspectors' ac- counts, a certificate, signed on behalf of the Board by the chairman, and also by the inspector, stating that to the best of their knowledge, the accompanying distributions of the county school moneys have been made in accordance with the provi- sions of this act. 13. Each Board of Commissioners shall have power — (1.) To create new school sections or alter existing boundaries of sections hy vote of ttvo-thirds or upivards f the Owimissioners present at any regular semi-annual meeting, the inspector having been consulted as to the propricti/ of the same, and to fix the time when such changes shall take effect, whether at once, in six months, or in a year ; and the Commissioners shall in all cases have diAc THE LAW CONCERNING PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 5 regard to the number of children, and to the ahility of each section to support an efficient school; hut they shall not divide towns and villages unless by the special direction of the Council of Public Instruction. p';} T^ declare, upon tlie Inspector's report, or upon other to dociaro reliable intormation, the school liouse, or houses, or buildino-s '^'l.'}''' '>""«<* used as sucii, unfit for school purposes, and shall forward suSi "° ' declaration to tne trustees of the section; and the Board shall ronaity on ,oc- tliereatter withhold all county scliool moneys from any such p? *■"•■ "*'«• section, if measures are not adopted whereby a suitable house ^'^ ' or houses may be provided according to the ability of the section. (8.) _ To ivithhold the county f^chool moneys from any trustees To withhold presenting a false return, and they shall also ivithhold their TJ^^t.^'Zl' approval of any school returns forwarded by them to the Super- mtendent if it shall appear that the teacher has been immoral, incompetent, or neglectful of duty, endorsing thereon explicitly their reasons for recommending the non-payment either of all or a portion of the Provincial grant to such said teacher. (4.) To settle any disputes arising between the trustees and to settle dis- teacher, respecting the teacher's salary or duty. truXos*'*'^'''*" (5.) To cancel the license of any teacher under their charge teachPTs.*^" who may become guilty of drunkenness or other gross im- ^nd teaS" morality, and to suspend at their discretion the license of any '''^"*''' teacher under their charge, for negligence of duty or incapacity, and to notify the teacher of the same, and the trustees by whom said teacher may be employed; and the Board shall immediate- Andtoreportto ly acquaint the Superintendent of any such case, and of the '^"P«-'"nteDdent. name, sex, and class of the teacher whose license shall have been cancelled or suspended. (6.) To appoint trustees, or a trustee for any section, in to appoint tms- cases as hereinafter provided. ^^^^ '» certain a\ m • . cases. .) Jo appoint a committee of not less than three of their to appoint a number to perform the duties imposed on them by section thirty of f/pSf^us*" this act, and such coymnittee^ when so appointed, is hereby t^'^s"' ' authorized to perform mid duties. 14. Any person may convey or devise real estate to the commis.ioners t/ommissioncrs for any district, and duly vest in the Commis- "?>; '?"';' T*' sioncrs and their successors in office the legal estate therein, in trust, for the purpose of erecting and keeping in repair a school house or houses thereon ; and the Commissioners may sue and be sued in respect thereof, but shall have no control o^-er any school house or houses on such lands as against the trustees ol the school section, or the inhabitants, other than may be expressed by the conveyance or devise. COMMITTEE OP DISTRICT EXAMINERS. 15. Each Committee of District Examiners shall meet in district exami- October and April in each year, for the examination of teach- J,7«-"'««tm«8 6 THE LAW CONCERNING PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Duty of : To (>xamiiio [teach- ers and grant licenses. Discretionary power. To jrrant certifi- cates to teachers -wishing to at- tend Isormal School. To report names of those to whom licenses have been granted. Ir-fpectors — re- muneration of, &c. Duty of. To act as clerk of school boards, &c. Shall give bonds. Shai] keep re- cord ot school sections. ers, and shall be entiiled to receive a sum not to exceed two dollars a day each, for every day actually engaged in examina- tion ; the accounts to be approved by the Board of Commission- ers, signed by the chairman and inspector, and forwarded to the Superintendent. 16. It shall be the duty of the District Examiners — (1.) To examine all applicants for license to teach, in accordance witli the mode and qualifications prescribed by the Council c f Public Instruction, and to grant; a license to those found qualified, satisfactory evidence of good moral cliaracter having previously been received ; but they may, in their dis- cretion, grant a license to any teacher already holding one from the Examiners in another district, without subjecting the applicant to a formal examination. (2.) To furnish, at the regular semi-annual examinations, certificates of character, ability, and scholarship to worthy applicants, capable of working at least the third class syllabus of examination, who maj wish to attend tlie Normal Scliool, indicating in any such certificate the division of the syllabus worked by the applicant, and to transmit to the Superinten- dent, on or before the first day of December and June in each year, a list of the same, with the name and residence of each applicant. (3.) To report to the Board of Commissioners at the regular meetings, and also to the Superintendent, the name, sex, and class of each person to whom a license shall have been granted. INSPECTORS. 17. Each Inspector shall receive semi-annually from the trea- sury the sum of one dollar and a half for each school inspected hy him during the half year^ and for every teacher regularly em- ployed in his county, a sum equal to five per cent, on one half the average of the annual grants to the several classes of teachers as specified in section eighteen of this act ; also an allowance for statio7iery, postage, and jJrinting not to exceed ten dollars for each Board of Commissioners of 'which he is clerk. It shall he the duty of each Inspector — (1.) To act as Clerk of each Board of Commissioners within his county, and he shall deliver promptly to the parties in whose favor they are draivii, either personally or upon their written order, all drafts received hy him from the Superintendent of Education or from the Board or Boards of Commissioners. (2.) To give a bond to Her Majesty in double the sum granted to his county, for the faithful of his oflice. (8.) To keep a oorrnct vocord of tlio boniid.arinR of eacli school section in his county, aiK^ furnish, from time to time, amended copies of the same to the ocver"l sections. discharge of the duties THE LAW CONCE'INING PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 7 (4.) To visit and inspect half yearly each school and county academy within his county, and report fully upon its condition to the Board of Commissioners for the district in which it is situate, in conformity with instructions received from the Superintendent, and in case of failure to visit any school, to indicate the fact and the cause in his report. (5.) To furnish trustees and teachers such information as they may require respecting the operation of this act and the performance of their duties, and especially to assist teachers to improved methods of imparting instruction, classifying pupils, and conducting schools. (6.) To make special reports half yearly, as directed by the Superintendent, upon the relative efficiency internally and externally, of all Superior Schools in each district within his county, and forward such rei^rts to the Superintendent simultaneously with the returns of schools for each district respectively. . (7.) To appoint a convenient place in '^acli district within his couniy Avhere all school returns shall be lodged, and to give sufficient publicity to any such arrangement. (8.) To keep on hand and distribute, as directed by the Superintendent, all necessary blank forms and returns. (9.) To diffuse such information as shall promote the im- provement of school houses and grounds, and all appertaining thereto. ^ ? ii » (10.) To report annually to the Superintendent all fines received by him under this act. (11.) To promote the advancement of education by holding public meetings as frequently as possible, and especially to en- courage the establishment of schools in sections where none exist. (12.) To aid the Superintendent in carrying out a uniform system of education, and generally in giving 'effect to this act, and the regulations of the Council of Public Instruction. (18.) To transmit to the Superintendent, on or before the first day of December and June in each year, a statement of the half-yearly distribution, and also by the first day of Decem- ber incach year, a general report of his labors, noting the condition of the schools in his ccunty, and the means of im- provement, stating the sections visited where schools did not exist, and the results of such visitations, and furnishing there- witli such statistical information as the Superintendent may solicit. Inspootion of schools. Sliall aid teach- ors witli neces- sary informa- tion, &c. Ifiilf-yearly re- ports on supe- rior schools. Shall appoint; place in oach district for re- turns. Blank forms. School houses and grounds. Fines. Public meetings Uniform system of education. Half-yearly return — nature of. Yearly report. MODE OF SUPPORT. 18. Legally quahfiea teachers, who shall have taught a Amount of common sohool in accordance with this act during the school I'r^vinciai year, shall receive from the Provincial treamry accordin"- to ^^^ **^ the following rates:— Male teachers of the first class%ne hundred and twenty dollars ; female teachers of the first, and ••'VB^^^X¥«^l>S%JKa>!Slk'9 8 THE LAW CONCERNING PUBLIC SCHOOLS. A88ietant«. Grant may bo withhold in certain casi'S. Provincial grant for ('oun' ty academics. llow applied. For superior schools. Amount— when not drawn to aid poor sec- tions. Connty fund- how levied. How drawn. How apportion- ed. male teachers of the second class, ninety dollars; female teachers of the second, and male teachers of the third cl ss sixty dollars; and female teachers of the third class, forty-five dollars. Assistant teachers, if provided with separate class- rooms and regularly employed at least four hours in each day, shall receive two-thirds of the amount given to principal teachers of the same class. All teachers shall receive semi-annually one- half the foregoing sums, or rateably according to the time they shall have satisfactorily taught a public school. The Superintendent shall, tvith the approval of the Council of Public Instruction, withhold the Provincial grant, or a por- tion thereof, from any teacher who has not comvlied with the requirements of this act. There shall be granted annually the sum of six thousand six hundred dollars towards the support of County Academies, to bo constructed and located in acco^'dance with the directions of the Council of Public Instruction, said sum to be applied as specified in schedule B ; the sum of seven thousand two hundred dollars for Superior Schools, to be constructed and located m accordance with the directions of the Council of Public Instruction, said sum to be provided in the proportion of four hundred dollars for each county in the Province, each school to receive at the rate of one hundred dollars ; one lialf the sum granted to County Academies and Superior Schools, to be drawn half yearly ; and when in any county the sum granted for County Academies or Superior Schools shall not be drawn, it shall be appropriated at the option of the Commis- sioners to aid poor sections in providing suitable school houses in such^ county, or in sustaining its Superior Schools, said appropriation to be made on the recommendation of the Superintendent of Education. 19. The Clerk of the Peace in each county, except as here- inafter provided in relation to the city of Halifax, shall add to the sum annually voted for general county purposes at the general sessions, a sum sufficient, after deducting costs of collection and probable loss, to yield an amount equal to thirty cents for every inhabitant of the county according to the last census preceding the issue of the county rate-roll; and the sum so added shall form and be a portion of the county rates. One- half the sum thus raised shall be paid semi-annually by the County Treasurer upon the order of the board or boards of School Commissioners for the county. One-half of the amount provided to be raised annually as aforesaid, shall, at the close of each half-year, be apportioned to the Trustees of Schools conducted in accordance with this act, to be applied towards the payment of Teachers' salaries; and each school shall be entitled to mrticipate therein accord- ing to the average number of pupils in attendance and the length of time in operation^ but shall receive no allowance for beinff ; female ird cl ss, forty-Jive ate class- "Mch day^ I teachers ually one- time they J Council or a por- loith the iisand six emies, to lirections 3 applied sand two cted and ouncil of roportion ice, each one lialf Schools, the sum ^hall not Commis- )1 houses ols, said of the as here- U add to s at the costs of to thirty ) the last the sum •s. One- 'y by the )ards of ually as ortioned 'nth this •alaries ; accord- e length ir being THE LAW CONCERNING PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 9 in session more than the prescribed number of days in any one half year. j ^ ^ Each Board of Commissioners shall in May of each year determine what sections under its supervision are entitled to special aid a-^ poor sections during the following school year ; and the Commissioners shall allow to the Trustees of Schools Kept in any sich sections one-third more per pupil from the county fund than the allowance to other sections; and the bupermtendent of Education shall be empoivered to increase the provincial allowance in the same proportion to any les-ally qualified teacher employed in any such section. "^•■7 ,-4"'^f"''^ required by any section over and above the sums providc<,b\j the province and county for the support and mainte- 'nance oj- a public school or schools during the ensuina year, mdudinrj the purchase or improvements of 'school grounds; the purdmy^ creation, furnishiny, cleaning or repair of school houses and jid buddings; rent of buildings or lands; insurance on school property; the purchase of fuel, prescribed school books, maps, and apparatus ; the payment of interest on money borrow- ed bu the section; teachers' salaries, or any other expenses required in providing an efficient public school or schools, in accordance with this act, shall be determined bi/ a majoritu of the ratepayers present at a regularly called school meetmq ; and any amount 80 determined shall be a charge on the section, and s/iadOc levied on the real and personal property within the county oJ- the residents of the section according to the countu rate- roll; and the trustees shall furnish to their secretary a list of the assessments under this clause, with instructions in ivriting thereon, signed by the trustees, authorizing and directing such secretary to collect from the persons therein named the amounts set opposite their names; and the secretary shall demand the several amounts from the persons so assessed; and in default of Vaymm.t,the same shall bo, collected under, and by virtue of the chapter of the Revised Statutes, ^^ Of County Assessments^ and of any acts m amendment thereof; and the trustees shall return such assessment to the general sessims, or to a special sessions held for thai purpose where appeals shall be had and determined. -1. Each Clerk oj- the Peace shall, immediately upon makinq vp the rate-roll in each year, notify the Superintendent of Educa- tion, and the. Inspector of Schools, oj the sum provided ly county assessment for the support of schools during the ensuing year. — Onc-haij the amount assessed as a county rate in the several counties for the support of public schools, shall be ad- vanced from the provincial treasury in May of each year 1'6. Where counties are divided into districts, holding General Sessions of the Peace, the term ^^County" in this act shall, for the purposes conMned in this ad, be held to include and apply to such districts as fuUy as if such districts had been especially mentioned therein. Special conniy aid may be given poor sections — mode and amount of. Special provin- cial aid for poor sections. Fupd raised by the section. Objects. 3Iodo of fixing tlie amount. Mode of collec- tion. Clerk of reacQ to notify Super- intendent and Inspector of Co. assessment. First half-year's liability to be met by a loan from Treasury to county. Term "County" to mean •'Dis- trict." 10 THE LAW CONCERNING PUBLIC SCHOOLS. poTiiubirt'o- 2,f Real and personal property situate within a school sect.onaittsse«s. section, and belonging to a corporation or company, shall be subject to sectional assessment, and the rates sliall be payable by the agent, to the extent of the funds in his hands, or under his control at the time of the demand, as if assessed ' Tinci T ^''''''''"'^^^^' ""'"^ ^® chargeable by the agent to the THE ANNUAL MEETING. Annual school meeting— when held. 2r- \b. Notice. Meeting— how organized. IJute-payprs to decide amount to be raised by •section. Kight to vote may be chal- lenged. Declaration, false tion dc leclara- The annua school meeting for tlie election of trustees, 01 a trustee, shall be held in the school house of the section or If not commodious, or if its use cannot be obtained, or if there IS none. Ill any otlK3r convenient building, on the third Monday in October; the meeting to be called by tlie trustees, ?n\h!prj5T%''''?'>^ ^'"^ inspector, by notices posted in three pubhc localities within the section, five days pre- ^ously, signed by the trustees or the inspector, as the case 26. At the annual school meeting the majority of the rate- payers of the section present shall elect from their own num- ber, or otherwise, a chairman to preside over the meeting and Lo^r'n^ ^"^ 'r^'*^ }^' proceedings ; and the chairman shall decide all questions of order, and shall take the votes of rate- payers only, and shall give a casting vote in case of an equality of votes ; and the rate-payers sliall, by a majority ot" those present, decide what amount shall be raised by the section to supplement the sums provided for public schools by the Pro- vince and county, and they shall also decide whether any and what sum shall be raised for the purchase or building of school houses, lor the purchase or improvement of school grounds, or for general school purposes. "" ' coil^'i ^^ ""'7 P''?"!^ ?^^''''"'" *° ^^*^ ^* ^n annual or other school meeting shall be challenged as unqualified, tlie chair- iiian presiding at such meeting shall require the person so offering to make the following declaration • ''I do declare and affirm that I am a rate-payer, and that I vnf^liV '"'r'^ '?'"'"' ^^'^ ^^'^^ ^ ^"^ l^ga"^ qualified to vote at this meeting." ' ,^4V'^ .'"'^''T P*"''' n" '''^''"'S '""^^^ declaration shall be per- mitted to vote on all questions proposed at such meeting, but If any person shall refuse to make such declaration, his vote « In ^^^,iY^<^^^; provided, always, that every person who la wilfully make a false declaration of his ri|ht to voie^ shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and punishable by hue or imprisonment, at the discretion of the Court, or by i LTi!L^^"^V'^:' ^^'^'' ^^^? ?^«^ «^ore than ten dollLrs, to be section, debt, under chapter one of the Keviscd Statutes use, as a private a school shall be ) payable aiids, or assessed t to the THE LAW CONCERNING PUBLIC SCHOOLS. TRUSTEES. 11 trustees, section, }d, or if ;he third trustees, i posted ays pre- ihe case ihc ratc- 711 num- ting and an shall of rate- equality 3f those ction to ;he Pro- my and f school mds, or )r other cliair- rson so that I ificd to be per- ig, but lis vote >n who vote, ible by ►r by a >, to be private 28. Each school section shall have a Board of three Trus- tees, and no section shall have more than one Board. 29. At the first annual meeting of any section, under this act, the majority of the rate-payers of the section present shall elect from their own number three trustees, and at the second and third aiuiual meetings one of the trustees elected at the first meeting shall go cut of offio by ballot, and at each annual meeting thereafter he who has served the longest shall retire from office, and each of the vacancies shall be filled by the election of a new trustee; provided always, that he whose term of office has expired may bo re-elected, with his own consent, his time of service to date from such re-election ; but it shall always be competent for existing trus- tees to complete the business of the closing school year . 30. Where any section, at the time fixed for the annual meeting, fails to elect three trustees, or to fill the annual vacancy occurring in the trusteeship, or vacancies from other causes, the trustee or trustees shall be appointed upon the written requisition of s^ven rate-payers in the section, by the Commissioners of Schools for the district in which the school house is situate, or in which a majority of the rate-payers of the section reside ; and where any trustees or trustee have been elected, and refuse to act, or shall neglect the performance of diuy for twenty days after such election, the Board of Com- miosioners sliall, with or without a requisition, appoint trustees, or a trustee, in place of the persons or person so refusing to act; and in case any person, appointed by the Board of Commissioners as a trustee, shall refuse or neglect to act as aforesaid, the Board of Commissioners shall make such further appointments as may be necessary to fill any such vacancy ; and any Board of Trustees, thus secured, shall, as soon as practicable, convene a meeting of the ?^ate-payers of the section as provided for the annual meeting, and such me-Hing shall transact all bushiess, except the election of trustees, required of the annual meeting, and in the same manner. 31. Any person elected, or appointed a trustee, not being a Commissioner of Schools, and refusing to act, or any trustee who, having accepted office, shall not perform the duties thereof, shall, for every such olFence, forfeit the sum of twenty dollars, to be collected by any rate-payer in the section ; said sum to be payable to the Inspector, or his order, and applied by the Superintendent of Education to the purchase of school books, maps, or apparatus. 82. _ It shall be lawful for the trustees of ajiy section, wherein are located academic institutions, other than county academies, to co-operate with an equal number of persons, Board of trus- teon in each section. Trustees — how elected. How to retire. Vncancios — liuw filled. I'rocecdings wtipii mtM^tings fa.'l to elect tru.stens or fill vacancJes. Penalty for ra- fusing to act. Trustees may co-DiicniU! with ^rustoes of insti- tutions receiv- ing separate grauts. Kay ndmit to school pupils from otlipr scc- tiona. Trnstpos to bo body corporate. Dutips of trus- tees. To meet and or (ianize. To hold .school property. To lease or rent lands. To fix sites of school liouses. To provide school accom- modation, as follows : 50 pupils or under. 50 to 80 pupils, i 80 to 100 pupils. 12 THE LAW CONCERNING PUBLIC SCHOOLS ttaTthe^^^'nor'''''^"^ ^'^'\^ ^^ ^"^'^ institutions, in order fJt ''''"' '"■"f'"^^ "'' ""y "™''«n ''''a'l he a body comorate schoolorurnffv"" "1 t'""^ "f "" »»«»»« rSng ?o™ e tftirf"^ ""■''.""'' »"'<"■ necessary purposes, under the [0 duUtsf rf "' "'"'°' fir ¥—' '■" th" ai^t rfe Lor aistrictsj ot ., and they sha 1 have power when authorized by the school meeting; to borrow money for he purchase or improvement of grounds for schorSoses or for the purchase or building of school houses -and all such inTfiv ^ tle\f^ '7 ^^"^^ ^r'y -^talments ifottceet borrowed laUhTTT^ "P"'' *^^^ '°'^^°"' '^"^ ^'^^ ^oney so Doi rowed .hall be a charge upon the school section. ^ n\ tI "'' ""^ *^'' ^""'*^^« ^'^^11 1^0 as follows : ment of fr„T ""' '^^1' ^^^'" *^^^ ^"""^^ election or appoint- me t of trustees, or a trustee, as practicable, and appoint one tv,„ ■ ? " possession of, and hold as a corporation all or ttlZVl V''' """""' "' ^"■<"' ™ayTp-"l a,:'i ;. .^!/ • ,' '?■■ "'" "se or support of common,%unerior or academjc schools; but they shall not interfeie wit 1, Inv ^T) I'f lea?; n' "«l"f "V"^ ^^"«'°- den«„ila« *. ""' sclSl pXose,. " " '""""="' '' "°"""^'' ^"^ saiSio J^f''rt""''S'"" *'"' '""' "f se'wo' l'o«sos, subjeet to the the sSon ' *''' ■""'^' commissioners residiig out if (5.) To provide school privileo-es froo nf niio,.n.^ ^ n persons resident in the soeti^n fi™ year of age aX'pwardl rchoouSt'" '"'^'"^r'T'' -d, when a^.thorfzed'by tt sclioo meotnig, improved school accommodations, such accom retZ^g t^:^"^' ^' ^-'"^' '■' -or^- Xh wia^^S-SS;5^«^^^»-n-,^^-^^^ .^. ; zssi s:?- rr's.^'i:?.:^ivxL^ ruum w lui one teacher and an assistant. ' " ' "" " ^c.) hov any section having from eighty to one hundred I THE LAW CONCERNING PUBLIC SCHOOLa. 18 in order ;aji^os siip- ' Trustees in accord- liscretion, s; and if roni such corporate ng to the mder the district er, when '■ for the poses, or all such t exceed- noney so appoint- 'oint one 7 to the e blank- preserve tion, all rchased uperior, ith any on. ary, for t to the out of for all awards, by the accom- ce with house Lpils, a 1 class mdred I pupils, a house with comfortable sittings for the same, and two r^ood class rooms, with one teacher and two assistants. Or, a house having two apartments, an elcmen tary and a preparatory, with two teachers. Or, if one commodious building can not be secured, two houses may bo provided in ditfcrent parts of the section, with a teacher in each ; one being devoted to the younger children, or elementary department, and the other to the more advanced or preparatory department. (d.) For any section having from one hundred to one hundred and iifty pupils, a house with two adequate apart- ments, an elementary and a preparatory, and a good class room, accessible to both, with two teachers, and, if necessary, an assistant. Or, if the section be long and narrow, three houses may be provided, two elementary and one preparatory, the former being located towards the extremes of the section, and tlio latter at or near the centre. (e.) For any section having from one hun'^red and fifty to two hundred pupils, a house with three apartn ;;...s, an elemen- tary, a preparatory, and a high school, and at least cne good class room, common to the two latter, with three teachers, and, if necessary, an assistant-. Or, if necessary, separate houses may be provided for tlio diirerent departments in different parts ot the section. (/.) And, generally, for any section having two liundred pupils and upwards, a house, or houses, with sufficient accom- modations for different grades of elementary and preparatory schools, so that in sections having six hundred pupils and upwards, the ratios of pupils in the elementary, preparatory, anr". high school departments, shall be respectively about eight! tliroe, and one. 36. In any section having more than one department under one roof, or under separate roofs, tiic trustees, by the aid of the teachers or otherwise, shall regulate from time to time the attendance of pupils in the several departments according to their attainments. 37. If in any section the Council of Public Instruction shall permit separate departments under the same or separate roofs, for pupils of different sexes or different colors, the trus- tees of the section shall, in this as in other cases, regulate attendance on the several departments, according to the attain- ments of the pupils. 38. It shall further be the duty of the Trustees : (1.) To contract with and employ a licensed teacher or teachers for the section, and, where necessary, licensed for unlicensed] assistants. (2.) To notify, as they may deem proper, the inhabitants 01 the section, of the ooenincr or re-onenino- of the =f'hnnl ov schools that pupils may present themselves for classification without delay. 100 to 110 pupil* 150 to 200 pupilH 200 pupils and U]/ wards. Trustees shall rcsjulate attend- ance of pupils in several do- pr.rtmonts. Shall regulate attendance when council permits sepa- rate depart- ments. Trustees' fur- ther duties. Shall employ teachers. Give notice of opening of schools. ^sasEjea^itw^ To furnish town clerk or clerk of peiipo with list of rate- able iiiliabitaiits of Hl'CtioU. To provide for erection of school houses. To visit schools. May suspend or expel pupils. Health of school. May call special mtctings, Annual report. School returns. A return fir each depart- ment. To be forwarded by a certain day Jleturn of bor- der sections. 14 THE LAW CONCRRNINQ PUBLIC SCHOOLS. (3.) To furnish, in case the annual meeting sliall have deter- mined to raise money for any school purpose, the town clerk or the clerk of the peace for the county in which the section or a portion ot It may be situate, a list of the inhabitants of the county resident in the section liable to be taxed, and the town clerk or the clerk of the peace shall affix the amount of pro- perty lor which each is assessed according to the county assess- ment roll for the year, and the town clerk or the clerk of the peace, as the case may be, shall bo entitled to receive from the trustees a fee of twelve cents for every list so furnished (4.) To provide by assessment, as set forth in section 20 for the purchase of suitable grounds, and the purchase or erec- tion ot a house or houses, according to the decision of the cchool meeting, to select the design of building most suitable, and lot out the work, the amount required being levied and collected 111 equal portions, from year to year, not exceeding live years, with any interest accruing, until the whole shall have been raised. (5.) To visit th 3 school at least four times in each year, and to bo present, when practicable, at the semi-annual examina- tions and the visitations of the inspector, . f^'-^, To suspend or expel any pupil from school who is per- sistently disobediCLt to the teacher, or addicted to any vice likely to injuriously affect the character of other pupils, until there shall be indications of reform. t' i , 1 ^l'? T^./'^^^P,* efficient measures for the preservation of the health of the school. (8.) To call a special meeting of the seclion, due notice being given by means of the school or otherwise, for the pur- pose ot hlling any extraordinary vacancy occurring in the board of Irustees, and for any other necessary purpose: and at any such meeting a chairman and secretary shall be appoint- ed, as provided for the annual meeting. (9.) To present an annual report on tlie state of the scliool or schools, and of the doings of the Board, at the rcoular school meeting in October. . ^^^111^1 (10.) To prepare or have prepared a true return of the state of the school, according to the form drawn up for that purpose by the huperinioadent, and, if there are more than one depart- ment in the section, a return for each, indicating the grade of each department, and to lodge the same, duly certified by tho teacher or teachers at the district office of the Inspector, on or before the day fixed for the same by the Commissioners for the district; and, if the section be a border section, the Trustees shall present a complete return to each Board of Commission- ers, under whose supervision a part of the section may lie marking the same as ajorder section, mid stating ako in each return the^ number of pupils resident within the portion ot each district embraced in the same ; and if the trustees of 48. avo doter- II clerk or ctioii or a its of tlio the town it of pro- ity asscss- I'k of the from the 3tion 20, 3 or orcc- 11 of the suitable, vied and sceeding ole shall '^car, and )xaminar 10 is pcr- any vice ils, until u of the 3 notice he pur- in the se; and appohit- 3 school regular ho state purpose depart- jrade of . by the ', on or for the rustees ciission- ay lie, in each portion stees of rpiialtjr for false return. May Miispoml or ilis'uisij teacher. I'fotlflcatlon ot sanio. Pay of such toa'cliors. Trustopn may oHt'(!t Hale or oxcliangi! of lands. Special meeting of rate-payerato vole moiiev — how called — powers of. THE LAW CONCERNING PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 16 any section Shall present a false return the county moneys shall bo withheld from the section over which they preside. .{J. I rustees shall have power to susi)end or dismiss from their emph.y any teacher for gross neglect of duty or inimoral- 1 y, and they shall immediately forward a written statement of the lacts to aa acting member of the Board of Commissioners lor the district, and they shall also forward a statement of their proceedings ^o the Superintendent, and the pay of any such teacher simll thereupon cease unless otherwise ordered by the Jioard ot Commissioners upon the appeal of the teacher ; but he or she shall be paid rateably up to the time of his or her suspension or dismissal. 40. Whenever it may he deeded desirable to chamic the site of a. school hou,e. or to dispose of school land b, sale orexchanae, such lauds mar be so disposed of by the trustees, who are herebu 1/wreof ^"^ ^'"''''^'"'^' ^'' ""'^'Pi «^^i«'' i^i>ids or sites in lieu 41. Upon the requisition of a majority of the ratepayers of any section he trustees shall convene a sp^ial meetina of rate- payers fw the purpose of votiny money or adding to aw, amount prcnously voted for any purpose authorized by this act', notice of which meetny shall be given by the trustees, as provided in the case of the annua meeting, and such notice shall express the object of such meeting. ' ^ SECRETARY TO TH-^ RUSTEES. TiuLJ^^^T'"'^'''- ^.^ '"^-'^. Trustees shall give a bond to Her secretary to Majesty with two sureties, in a sum at least equol to that to ^^^^ be raised by the section during the year, for the faithful per- ''"'""'' formance ot die duties of his office ; and the same shall be mditlt'' '' '^'' ^^''^ '^ ^^' Peace for the county 48. The Secretary shall be entitled to receive five per cent, salary. commiss.on on all sums collected by him, or under his direct tion, lor the support of the school, or schools, including expen- anmr.ffrj ^"^f ^'/'^P^^'^' f^^''!"ture, out-bouses, fuel, maps, appaiatus, and salaries excepting in cases whore payment shal be voluntarily made, when he shall make a deduction to per- sons malang such payment of two and a half per cent, from his commissions ; and he shall be entitled to two and a half per cent, on all sums collected by him, or under his direcaon, loi the purchase or erection of a new school house, or houses and for the purchase or improvement of school grounds, rlivttin ? Secretary s duties, to be performed under the se, retary- direction of a majority of the Trustees, either by the Secretary '"'"''*• m person, or under his direction, sh.all be as follovfs • Ron!.;? ll^ J^^^eP. «^e accounts, moneys,^ and^ recoVds - the Keep the ac ifoaid, and to collect and disburse all school moneys. counts. &c. Keop Hchool hoiuca lu ropair Tommplytonoh- of schoui ri'giii- tcra. To kpop rncord of iiiut)H, boukit, 4 0. To givo toachcr inventory of school property. To tako cliarjfo of library booJu &c. IG TUB LAW CONCERNINO PURLIC SCHOOLS. (2.) To keep tlio :jchool Louse or houses in good repair, and supply tljc same with comlbitahlo lurnituro, out houhos fuel prescribed school boolcs, maps, and apparatus. qj.) To promptly supply to the Teacher, or Teachers, conies ot the school rcgist(!r prescribed \>y the Council ol' rublic Instiuction, and carefully preserve the old registers. (4.) To keep a faithful record of any scliool books, maps or apparatus that may at any time bo procured from the Huj.orin- tendent, and of the disposal of the same. (5.) To present the Teacher with a copy of the invontory of the school prop:3rty under his or her charge, and rene v^ the same from tim-. to time. (6.) To take due care of the library books of the section, aiiu SCO tiiat the same are managed in conforn.ity with the regulations of the Council, and generally transact any business ot tao Jioard, as directed by a majority of the Trustees. I TEACHERS. To rocoivo por- tion of jfrnnt, tcacluT must bo liCCUiiGd. tyo; ;li(jr teacliur. Not to ostahllsh f jtiooi.i vvithoiit a,, 'eoment with trustees. To teach effi- ciently, &c. To cnl! roll and keep register, &c. To co-operate with trustees. To Inculcate principles of Christian mo- rality. 4o. No person shall bo deemed qualified to receive, under this act, any portion of the moneys granted toward tlie support ol County Academies, Superior, or Common 8cliools, unless holding a license from the Examiners for the district in wliic i ho or slic may be employed, or in which the school ho-ise may be situate, or from the Provincial Examiners. I^ -hall be tho duty of every such Teacher — (1.) Not to attempt establishing a school in any section without farst making an agreement with its Trustees (2.) To teach diligently and faithfully all the branches required to be tauglit in the school, and to maintain proper order and discipline therein, according to tho engagements entered into with the Trustees and tiie provisions of this act. (o.) lo call the roll morning and afternoon, and otherwise keep an accurate register in the manner prescribed by tho Council of Public Instruction, on pain of liability to forfeiture ot the puolic grants; the register to be at all times open to tho inspection of the Trustees, Visitors, Examiners, Commissioners, Inspectors, and Superintendent. (4.) To render, when necessary, the Trustees all possible assi..i.ic:_m classifying the pupils of the section, according to their attainments, and, when requcstcl by the Trustees to institute quarterly examinations, for the })urpose of transferring any pupils who may be prepared to anoJier department. _ (5.) io inculcate by precc^jt and example a respect for reli- gion and the principles of Christian morality :— justice, and a sacred regard to truth, love of country, loyalty, liumanity, and universal benevolence, sobriety, industry, and frugality, chastity ^ „uu „^i v>i.iioi tirtuuD wuicii are ine oriiauienta of human society. I I i repair, and ouhos, fuel, licrs, copies ol" i'ublic :8, maps or 10 yuporiu- DVPiiitory of *v the same 10 section, ' with the ly business 3CS. ivc, under lie support )ls, unless t ill whic!i o'lse may tall bo tho ly section branches in proper ^■agements this act. otherwise id by the forfeiture [)en to tho lissioners, I possible ording to istees, to -nsferring tit. t for reli- c, and a nity, and , chastity, .iiaiiienta I i » To finvo RDiHsiHl rvfiuTd U< health -.111(1 (Niinfort of |lll|iilM li> havn Hp«H;i»l earn ol' booki, c. To rpi»iuiir'raf<> triis»<'(H for d<- Hi ruction of Hohoolpropj'rty. To hold public i-xaminittioiiK, I'o givo notion of Hcliool mwt- To fiiriilNii Bcii- (Till K!h00l lil- formation. To certify oor- rcctnosM of rt'turng. THF LAW CONCERNING PUHLIC SCHOOLS. 17 0>.) To give assiduous attention to tho cleai.'-noss l.p.,hl. and comfort of the pupils, and to report to the In.l^^^^^^^^^^^^ appearauccM^ any mlbctious or contagious disease in ho^.J^K (7.) lo have a spociai care to the usnge of school books and apparatus, the neatness and onler of the desks, and 0.^10^1 noss and ventilation of ...e school room (H. ) To remunerate the Trustees for any destruction of school proporty by the pupls that is clearly chargeable to grr.edec or ^hn;e to exercise pn.p.r discipline on L part of Sdt (9 ) lo nave, during (,r at the end of each half vear amU\l exammatio,. of the school, of which notic. shall be give /"e Jn^Ml!;TuT^'''''''^ ^'" ''"f'"^' °^ «chool-meeting uu>tmsta oy tJie Inspector or Trustees jS^'} '^'^ '"I'u"''' ^'•'^ Trustees, Examiners, Commissioners h^Kr'i"'''"""^'''"^'- 7-"'*-'-'^''>H thin;;;;! :; ins o het power, respecting an/thin:.^ connected with the school or aflfectmg its interest or character. ' (12.) To sign a certilicate, attached to the half vearlv re urns truly stating tiiat the school rcn^ter has been fth fully and impartially kei>t, and that his or her scl oo du es have been punctually discharged ; and any teacher st„ ur ' poacled, as the Oommissiou'jrs may decide 4b. Members of tlie Legislature, ministers of religion and magistrates .hall be visitors of schools; and each incumbent Clergyman and ininister of religion shall be exe pt f om a^^ Srlite^^^^^^^ \i. The certificate of any Inspector shall be »-cceived in courts of aw as evidence of the bolindaries of scL; s fon mal and Mc el Schools, and licensed Teachers, while emnloved as such, shall be exempt from militia duty, statu elS and trom serving in any town office, or on juries and tlov wb . por'v Zt^f3 \ T, P"^P^f «' o" real or personal pro- S^fi?Xe::!Ss^thanr '-'''-''^ '^^ ^^^ ''^'''^ CITY OF HALIFAX. follows-™' '°'"'"'' '" "'" ^''^ of ^^'"■"■^ shali.be ma,.aged as ™.„r„..„. Ci-) Ihe City shall be one school seo Jnn «.,,! +u^ n '''''""'^• in Council siiall annoint a Ro.rH nf n ' --^^ C^overnor city one section city, which shal cSof W ^^o^'^i^ssioners for the co„,xnissi«„er,: befr'esiden! hi eLirwTrH'V"t^:;:7,^7 '' -horn shall Sp^S^' ^^; vacancy n.y be filled by a;S^i^.U fSTr^ of the city ; and such Board shall be a corporate body, Zl V itora of sphooln. BoundH of »«?c- tlons — how de- termined in law Kxcmptions of Kuperintendent, (oachers, &,c. w THE LAW CONCERNING PUBLIC SCHOOLS. CoiumisAionors Ui provide school accom- modation. i'o fiirniah ro- port, roturnH of schools, &c. of oiitablifllied lOhooiH. All public •e deemed ranted in )L specifying. I from the jnance of shall be sufficient, to yield ssmeiit of s thereof, rer to the or vice- of Com- ilaries of oard, the c repair- cleaning, rescribed id by the icutiou of •d by this ■ to select re power for the jf set tool pparatus 19 THE LAW CONCERNING PUBLIC SCHOOLS. x, be paid every six months, ana to be included in the sum sneoi- crt':s's[d' %i'vrr' ""tJ'^ i'^i-btro? ^e ciiy as aloiesaid. The debentures shall be sealed with the spal of the uicorporated Board, and shall be signed by tClm rman and countersigned by the secretary. ^ cnairmau n ^?'?i '^'i"" ^oardof Commissioners are hereby invested with he ftv witf tf"'^"' '''r' ^''^'^''y^ r^^' -"d p^ernal, till the city, with the exception of the Halifax fJrnmmc,. Zu \ and mr.y sell and dispo»o of the sam^ o a^ pa™" he S^^^ und wul, the proceeds may purchase new school houe siSs' a"slSl iVr ™''r' ''°"^''^' '" ™"'' P!»«^^ and at' uch t rno^ db Shall be deemed most expedient. (9.) The Commissioner whose name shall stand first on th^ Hst of appointments, shall be chairman of the board and ^^ ^^ st"t":^:'and'fifhisX"""" ^''" '''''''' '''''' ^^" (10 ) The provisions of this act, except as in the said «Pf TlUc. to 8Chv»ol property rmted In CoramimidH- ore. Chairman: how appointed. Secretary Pupils of on*! ward entitled to privllmts in any other. INSURANCE OF SCHOOL HOUSES. on schoolhonses ' "''""»-'^<"' K> «ffect insurances S^^S"" school hoiues SCHOOL YEAR AND TERMS. ol. TJie 8chool year shall begin on the first of Novemb^ /rW SIX calendar months, commenrmn o^AtT, fT.n ^ \ HJ -^^ojemoer, and school year PREVIOUS ENGAGEMENTS or-e|ht™nTr„t:d ''^iZ^\TT ""'"" "r ""'—'- the^of, shall bo held ralifef .mdor^^ act"^,rri"w'"/' "'"«•"" ita provisions, according ,o the tenns'o «,e?r c'erMBeatef and ley, they s as they ve years itures to icreon to THE LAW CONCERNING PUBLIC SCHOOLS. SCHEDULE A. District of District of District of District of District of District of Distr'ct of District of Dirtrict of District of District of District of District of District of District of District of District of Cape Breton. Victoria. North Inverness. South Inverness. Richmond. Antigonifjh. Guysborougli. St. Mary. North Pictou. South Pictou. Stirling. Colchester. Parrsborough. Cumberland. Halifax City. Halifax West. Halifax Shore. District of District of District of District of District of District of District of District of District of District of District of District of District of District of District of District of District of Halifax, LuraV East HaiLS. West Hants. Kings. Annapolis East. Annapolis West. Digby. Clare. Yarmouth. Argyle. Barrington. Shelburne. South Queens. North Queens. Lunenburg. New Dublin. Chester. SCHEDULE B. COUNTY ACADEMIES. County of Cape Breton.. $600 County of Annapolis, County of Victoria 600 j County of Digby 600 County of Inverness .... 600 J County of Shelburne . . . 600 County of Richmond. . . . 600 ; County of Queens 600 County of Guysborougli.. 600 County of Lunenburg.. . 600 County of Cumberland . . 600 AN ACT To authorize the Sale of School Houses in Certain Cases. Be it enacted by thd Governor, Council, and Assembly, as follows : In all cases ^^'herein a school house has been built within any section, and is owned in shares, it shall be competent for the majority in interest of the owners of shares to hcU and dispose of the same to the section at any meeting duly held after ten days notice of the object thereof, at such price as this meeting shall determine, or as may be realized at a public sale ■thereof dulv advertised, and the nroceeds of sale shall be divided among the proprietors in proportion to their shaies iu viuterest in the property. r^ura- 11.3. lilts. is Ea&t. is West. til. on. le. iieens. Lieens. irg. blin. 600 e . . . 600 600 rg... 600 a Gases. iembly, as ilt witliin petent for hell and duly held ice as this 3ublie sale 1 shall be sliaies iu COMMENTS AND REGULATIONS OF THE COUNCIL OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. I. 11. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII. XIII. XIV. XV. Op School Sections. Of School-Houses and Graded Schools. Op Apparatus and Text-Books. Op the Common School. Op Superior ScxIools. Op County Academies. Op the Provincial Normal School. Of Public School Libraries. Op the support of Publ.o Schools. Op School Registration. LF Time in Session, Holidays, and Vacations. Of Trustees. Of Examiners. Op Inspectors. Op Commissioners. COMMENTS AND REGULATIONS. 23 i I. OF SCHOOL SECTIONS. 1. The Act empowers the Boards of Commissioners, in connection with the Inspectors, on a vote of two-tiiirds of the members present at the regular semi-annual meetinfrs, to make an^ necessary chanpcs in the boundaries of sections; but towns and villages cannot be divided, except by the direction of llie Counci of Public Instruction. Cnre must be exercised by the Hoards that changes do not injuriously yffect school arrangements existing at the time ot tlie action of the Boards. 2. The provisions of the Act touching the classification of pupils, the employing of assistant teachers, and the grading of schools, render it neces- sary to retain sections of good size. Except in densely peopled settlements, no seetion should be less than three miles in length, and in thinly peopled settlements, not less than four miles. ^ * ^ In times past a tendency has obtained in many parts of the Province to subdivide and multiply, unnecessarily, school sections. The cai.-e of this is ound ,n the intense desire of the many to have the school-house as near then- own dwellings as possible. Wiiile the Council of Public Instruction acknowledge that this desire may proce,.d from legitimate and even laudable motives, it cannot be unmindful ot the many <-vils such a course Iras heretofore entailed on the cause of l>dueation in this Province. Experience has abundantly shown that small school sections are the parents of feeble and inefticient s.-hools. The resources of the inhabitants 'a;e so subdivide, as to render it impossible to establish schools of high order, build suitable school-houses, or support competent teachers, without incurring a burthen too heavy to be willingly borne. Such a course, moreover, frequently hampers the skilful teacher. His school IS too small. The wholesome stimulus engendere.l by the presence and ..ontact ot many minds is wanting; and the school, instead of bein- an arena uted to produce intellectual vigor, is feeble, dwarfed, and compara- lively liteless. ' There is also ample evidence showing that in school sections of good size he aftrndance is not less regular than in those of smaller dimensfons. In tact. It IS the ainiost unvarying t.'stimony of experienced teachers that children atte'ndan^':"' "" ''" ^^'''^"'^-h-- -« ^he most regular and punctual in sehl'''r;;r^'f-'"'V'^-""'- '^f '■'"""- ^''" advantages secured by having school M.e!,ons of goo.l size, i,, the increased abilitv of the section to purchii^e a goud site for the school-house, to erect suitable buildings, to procure ^rea^r boundaries of e-' section be kept by the Inspectors, and that Boards of Trustees be infor of any changes affecting their sections. ^ 24 COMMENTS AND REGULATIONS OF THE [|. OF SCHOOL HOUSES AND GRADED SCHOOLS. — — • ■ -^ ^^ •■■ ^ * L « If tliere is any house in the district more pleasunMy locatod morn comfortably situated, better warmed, „,ore inviting il, its g.Mii a 1'^^^^ and n.ore eleyat.ng n, its inHuenees than anothezCthat Imuse h dd be hj hool-house.' -«,«./« With these sentiments the Council t Public Instruction fully sympathises. That everj faeility may be had by the ,,t . e for the reah.at.on of these views, the Aet*' provides tlL the eh^. S^^^^ may vote any sum necessary for school lands and buildings, and that" eh sum shall be levied by an equal rate upon the mte-payeirres.l. tn the section. 1 he su.n requu-ed n.ay be spread over several ^^ears, no exeeld- ingfivc^aju collected n. equal yearly instalments, with an/inteis" 1^" d^g. t., • '^,^^l'^^''^'^ ''''^^ '" '"'^"y '^^'etions the school-houses are not at all in keq.ng w,th the advanced condition of the section; that in others the a e tlic numbei of cluldren rt m gra.led schools for each desk, and at least 2 feet for divisions between rows of desks the following dimensions will furnish accommodation for the number of scholars prefixed: rians } 24 Pupils, 20 x 21 clear, 6 feet hall, 3 rows of desks ^^^ . ^^0 " 29X21 '' *^o. i,^,j(j ,, 32X21 " " « No.2,-4fi « 35X2(> " 8 feet hall, with single desks at sides, mid 3 rows of graded desks in centre. No. 3,_.'-,b " 40 X 27 clear, with class room. Wlt'lf't'r '^ '""i ^ 'T'''^ '? '^'" '""^'^' ^"^^^ "^^^'"y additional row of desks. V eie the number of sdiolars amounts to upwards of fifty, there must be a clas,»-room attached. See Act, sec. 3o (5) (a) (i) (c), &c. 1 lans o school-houses have been issued by the Council of Public Instruc- .on, and the reqiurements of the Act are so explicit as to be a sufficient guide to Jioards of Trustees. 5. As to the style of desk best adapted to school purposes, the Council grea ly pre crs the Dawson desk, and the American patint desk. Bencirdo ad n Tl ' "r-'"'^' «uj,,,ort to the body, and, as before intimated, are not adapted o an eflic.ent organization of the school. They may, however be u.ed with advantage in clas.-rooms. The Dawson dL should be made M.u.te open at the sides and underneath, so as to secure both a five ci "^a! u»n of air, and ease of ingress and egress to the pupil. It should be with- ^; ^^'■'■<;", o'- Ingh board in front, having the seat attached to the desk- ihc whole being placed on light iron shoes, and screwed firmly to the floor ..k while both .eats and desk are supported by light iron castings screwed •o hefbor. llnsd.'sk ha> already been inanufiictured iv. this Province and If .Nova 8cot. an enterprise could devise some means by which so .n-eat a convenience could be iurnished at a price within the ability of u kiw .unnber ol our schools, it would confer an inestimable blessiL upon he cause of education. *= ' *^ The de.l.s and seats in every school should be graded, and no desk should seat more, than two pupils. Sections furni>hiiig (heir schools with (double) patent desks will find the iollow,ug^^d,le ol service m adapting the size of desks to the pupils, &c. • Ago of Tupil nnin^htof Chairs. •"i (o f) years 11 inches. <; to 8 8 to 10 10 to 12 12 to 14 1 4 to ! 7 17 DESKS. I Hoight of side ! lu \t to I'll])!!. I.ongth. 21 inches. 36 inches Width. ' Spacn between desks for <'liairs. it u i 12 u i22 a 1 13 i. i23 a i 14 u i24J, n , 15 ii ,26 a 16 i( 271 •i 17 a 29*" a 39 i 42 I 44 46 48 48 12 inches. 1 14 inches. " iil7 16 « i:i7 13 14 14i 15 a a u ^^ COMMENTS AND RRGULATIONS OP THK appl.od as univcT.«al y a. circumslane.s will admit. Unless this ^, f Inr t^e ,.,n,.at,nn furnish,.! by the publ-. schools must be ve ^ imporftt* J he grading, o schools in the ,.o„ntry ,s pnulicabh- m, sc.rnrwhrKklv p(>pnla.e.l sectmns only. In s„d. it i/praclieabl.., and the s.- lo.d wil ;!::e^ yield then-best fru.fs without it. If the value of a ;;raded sehool wa' mil v v^!^"li; h ' r """'' i^J^'"-"-!"'^'-" ^" >his result <.;;dd oi't.n bM^.d wS ev :^ £\orio " ^"'"n 'T'''"«'-""^^ - ''^ sehool-ho„..s. Wb ^ tor tl ,.n nithe sam. s<-ho„l-roon., and a good class room should be attached There shoud be a principal lea<.her an.I on<. assistant, and th,- pupil hS be d.v,. led into two f,n-ades an.l subdivided into classes. The temh 4 ou Id Whenever from 80 to 100 pupils c-an conveniently meet at one house there should be seats for all in the school-room, witlf a piinH . <"ure" • and two class-rooms sho.dd be supplied, each with an asiistan T ' hw" l.ie advantages of such a plan are v .y great. The older children e-,,. lend t^eu- protection to the you.ger ones i!. going to and co i ^f :^' ^,oo Ihe mereasmg number of pupils can be acconnnodated by enlanrinT' the old «ch^r"n1^*r"'''{ '""^'i^ rural sections, in villages, or in towns the ^radinc. of scnools can be made moT'e ti(>j-f',.,.t Tiw. J: i , (i''"^"'fe «" thino-. bein- eon, tb "T ' , ^'^^ "^'^'"'^ ^^^"''^ the population, other inin,, r.ung equal, tli(> more chc.ply and etFiciently can schools be -irrieH on.-provided the schools are carefully graded. «oh„„i. ,„„..!„ a,.,,d...d ,„,va„,',;"r' inTiih:; v™n,'''°' """"""■' ""'"" i^Zllll ' ■' ''^ ""'■"■''• "'" """it'er or das.-,., is lai",-. ]„ Gra.lw. Rcliools, limiiiisli, I,,.,, „,.,|,,,,. „,■„,., ' a pvon iHauli .iilo one. fif nt.. .,., tl !•! ■ ,'^ " niiiij. ji graaeci scliools lessen th(! number tm a d !"L''';r""l>:r'; ";'= ""'"'>-«(■ i™,.|,.rs .-e.p.i.od ,„ oTd„n uiem, and m this way dimmish iho cost of teacdiina of pupils })(,. tliis !)(' (lone. 'vy imporf«rt. ■whnt I ! lick I y >'>ls will nf'vcr 01)1 was rtjld 1)0 par- grading of ill ion, other ' bo carried ^tem. The arts of the pupils, and ■i. e., where >re cheaply, nuch more liine, union 'Is, as pre- the attain- largo. In •net which ij)ils would i?ilo one. and labor. Iir.»7??;,^._rhere]sbutone opinion, among those who are competent to Judg,^ as to the value of what are called the higher branches of an edu- cation : and that is, that no one can be able- to appreciate the true worth of knowIearnin- Kut this ,-annot be done, in any satisfiictory degree, in a miscellaneous''or ungraded sohoni. without neglecting the more ordinarv branches which must ever lioid the first place in our common schools. To do justice to reading, writing, arithmetic, geography, and grammar in an ungraded school IS wol -ingh the utmost limit of the teacher's abilitv. Our schools must be graded, or the education of the vast majority of our people must stop at this Thnj largoh, rnnove the necessity of leaving home to obtain a qood Educa- tion^~h has boon shown that the scho.ds in our thickly settle.l rural sections, as Moll as in our villages and towns, can be graded, and when graded, that the higher branclies of learning can be ta ight in them with consi.lerable success; and this, ,n v(>ry many cases, removes the necessity „f children leaving horn.' to obtain an education. The dangers of school-life -..norally incroa«. m proportion to the distance the chikl is removed from the family A sy.stem that secures a goo.l education, and at the same time allows the pupil to be under the immediate charge of his parents, must commend itself to every right-thinking parent, and earnest educator. 2b COMMENTS AND REGULATIONS OF TIJE Ml. OK APPARATUS AND TEXT-BOOKS. 1. Tl.e teacher cannot do good work witl.out suitable appai-atos, any more han the n.eehauu. witl.out suitable tools. This apparatus should be provided out ot the funds of the section, and not left to 'the randotn ertbrts vl^T o M." f 'T""'' ;-J'viduals. A comparatively snuUl sun. de^lS Un- Hon le"^^ " short time, equip the .na.joritv oC schools n h T'''"\' ^.'"7 ''"*'"" '' en,power.-d by law to assess Its. 1 to. the purchase ot school apparatus. The law al.4 provides that So-d^rhldf :r '- '''''''' - Trustees, fbr the exclusive L o'p..S 2^ 'li.e tbllowinjr a.-ticles should be considered indisoensabiy necessary b..I ;■• ..^'77 n'"""? *''"/"' '''""'^^ ^'*^*^ •'■ '^"'^^ I'nnd-bell, the..n.c>.,.eter; ball-ua e b a,.kboa,;ds* a large map of the Province (a..d of the Co.mty Ld^i^^:" ^'''''''^'^''''' («^ l«''g« ««^«t), a terrestrial globe, diet io..ary, (2 ) Besides the above an advanced common school shoul.l be p.ovided with a 1 ..-ge map ot each country for the study of its aeog.ai>l.v • charts dlus nu.ve of ..at...-al philosophy,'and some appa.-atus fb.- .^ 2^ ;' '^ItZ r;l;:;.s:^;;;- r ''' '- '^^^'"^ ^-^---'^ '■- ^^-^-^^^-^^^ wi.lf.n/."v?"'-''' ''■''""''' '^'' "f^'^^'^'y deP'"-tment should be lm-..ished ba l-t.anie, the d.fTe.-ent l.near measures, the current coi..age of tl.e country da^ a..HnH wcghts w.th a paii- of small scales, a box of wooden bri k'lS mo(lel> ot the umv. common solids. toIe'irT'rr'"^-'^''''''"''"'''''''""'^^ ^'' ""f'J*^'^^ ^^''^'' Hppa.atus adapted Il)a.-n..e,.is?" ""^^■^'^^"'^'^""e^'^'«" I'^tween the elementa.y a.id high school school, should have a full set of ancient maps, and another of physical (.See jjuljlislied alcoli,,! ,„• hiirnirif; fluid to a h ok na-f T^ITm^TK /"''' '^ ^'■""' "''> '"""'•'•. "'"'x with ;;.s.c,,ndcv,at/^vndp;, is .. ';^,^^^^ I wit to trow,',', "";;''"■ •'"! ''''"i'^' ^'"^ "'<^ "!>"» the A littl.. finur nf .'rncrv will rov ' t 1 " mivt >ro ^^^^^^^^ ','' '■"^■';r.*"''"V: ■'"""•'■ >"••'''' "*' •■*"'''i«* pumico stun.., .; ,„. i)i,u;. V/ ! n ti lto„, ' n':"']'' ' 'f :"'f ''' '\*-'""" '"""' ^-^" "^' I"ilv.Tiz..d with ..nnn.«h akjohnl to nmk o a U icl , ■ s ' HnH A? Hl^'i^' "'"' ""',' *-'''""" "'' •'''^^"'"''- ^^^ and t i,.„ dissolv,. 14 o/. .1 she la" i 1 f rprn^I ll V h^ l"?' ♦'"'r">'f-'''l>- i" » paint mill, and thr> i,:iint is rcadv f,,,- ih'I UTnaindcr ol the alcohol. Stir th.- whole top.^hpr, ill^g^b;;!'a;:ri;;f:;;;;iL!:!V:^ ;:- |;j£ ^^^-"»]: . At a Uttle distance tho nam.. „f p,aco« aro thei • attempts to decipher thm '"^'"""ct; coiibe(jueut)y classes fail into great di.^order in I •Until th( please; but 1 one iu preiia KS. ippiirjitiis, any Ills siiould be iiiidom efforts sum (leveled ity oC schools law to assess })r()vi(U's that use ot' public iy iit'ccssary : tlicnnoincter, th«? County le, dictionary, be piovided ip'iy ; charts •anic ; instru- igntion ; and be furnished ct lessons, a the country, » bricks, and ill us adapted be re(|uired I high school tor common of physical (.See i)ublished can Ih> made as V but wifliout lack, and, aftiit on Janipenod and 10 blaokboards dz. jinlvcrized alcidicd. Mix n a jiaint mill, lude top;ethpr, * of places are ■at dis,,'rder in COUNCIL OP PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 29 maps; physiological diagrams, both vegetable and tn.imt.l ; aoeli^siinj ,.|.,bo histonctd .-harts; tule,,uate apparatus for natural philos.>phv ,.hc,;i .rv' survevMig iind navigation. * ^^' « n. iniMry, 3. Trustees , !m,,ld encoui..ge tctu-hcrs. and they, in t.u-„. their s.-holar- to collect mto a s-ntd museum the curiosities of na'tural history to be li, ,„d n he netghbourhootl. These objects will serv. many purposes ..f il trat.ou, wlnle the c.npN.y.nent will quicken the p„wers of ob.serva r nnula.e eu.,,nry. ann,lers thai m , "l hem Ihe elh.r.. ot teachers of high schools ttu.l aea.lenties shoul !„ des.raoie.be auled by the funds of the section, in order that a muse m on an.mg types o the general objects of natural science may bt m-ov ded both tor study and diustration. ^ P'oviutu Ti:XT-BOOK3 FOR SCHOOLS AND ACADEMIES. 4. The matter of text-books is of even greater importance than that already cons,d,;red The law enables every section to rLise by a sir, n any sum. re.pured for the purchase of school books, maps, &e., au.l provide Sic '••V ;"■''/ "T; ""7 ^'' ^^^^"'■^^ ^y '^'•"'^^^"-'«' ''^' the exclusive use of public >cli()()is, al half cost. To select ..uitaide school books, and prescribe the same for -en- ..d u " in our pubhc schools, ,s one of the special duties devolved byVw, on the Council of Public Instruction. ^ s-nny 1 'r ^''i '^""";""'^ l>'-<'f ••i«'f^ in a few cases, different text-books in the sam<. bnmches, it must be distinctly understood that in each school the ^e books are te be nsed in each class respectively. This restriction he Coun .1 b .heves o be necessary in order to secure in any school a oroper ckssthcation o the pupils, without which, they are of opinion, tie an be no thorough i.nd systematic teaching. i > ^ tl.e^r.'^'''i ''''"- ""t '"'^''I ''^^. ^^*^'"^ '" ^^ •'''^^'•'"?? '"^^ "'^^••^^'«n ^^y '"''qnire, W "^(^unrrsVGO ^^ ° ""' "'" prescribed school books of" the J'ro. Enoltsii Rioadivg Books. Nova Scotia Series, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and (3th Bo^^ks. . " " The Advan(!ed Reader. No. 7. LInsh National Series, 3rd, 4th, and ,'>th books, are permiited to be used.] ^ The Art of Teaching Reading (Irish Series), or Btiiley's Brief Treatise on School Elocution. ' Si'KLLiNG Book. SpeUing Book Superseded. Grammar and Composition. *Easy Lessons in English Grammar, ) ^" ^^"^^^ "^ preparation as *English Gi-ammar, ( ' P;"'^ "*" the Nova Scotia Morrell's Analysis. Reid's Rudiments of Composition. Whately's Rhetoric. School series. ^.5;SHHS--^"«-----"««s 80 C0MMRNT8 AND REGULATIONS OF TIIFJ EnOLISII DicriONARIKS. Worcester's — iill sizes. Matiikmaticm. Arithmetic — Ndvji Scotia Elciiu'tUary Aritliinotic. Nova .Scotia Arithmetic jr Schools and A'udcmicrt. Nova Scotia [ School series. m Nova Scoti.i ArithtiH'tical Tabic Book j AUjebra — Chambcis', or (Jrccnloat's. Kkmakk. -I'lic llr.-'hpd th" '^nnnril 1oQT.-a- thn -ifc-!->- -e • - > l.i if COUNCIL OP PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 81 ova Scotia li(K»l sericH. )rocur<>d in k 'i'rifronom- i!itic-< (in- icf treatise Spherical •) ova Scotia ova Scotia liool series- It^ l']duea- /a Scotia.) lI])iTVl3I0n it, lor the il Ooog-apby Johniifon's Clmsical Wall Maps, viz. : ()ri»irt NCfcribus Notus. Italia Aiiiitjiia. Cint'ciii Aiiii(|ua. Asia Minor Antiqua. ()rl)is Roruamis. Mitclicir., Aiuiciii Oco;,M'aj»hy and Atlas. I*liili|)-.' riiy-ical Atla.-«. IIlSTOItV. I[o.!-iiH' School History of tin. British North American I'rovineo.s. t.onicrs Si'hool History of the IJrilish Kmpire. Curtis' C'hroiio!oi.Mi-al Outlines of" Enjjrlish History. •i.^.ft.'i '""'■'•■'' V'",'",''' '"■'■ l"""^'='''>'''» '7 tli.^ Council of I'ublic Instruction to itipct tli. vvnMt« nf .1. mHHcl. inls wln.-h 1, ,v ,t room i„ liu-ir school w rk rir tlio inlroiliic o. f (oili r' 'rifiuh ..st..ry. Hy ,n..a,H oCll...... v.-ry l,ri..f unj woll arrao-Ml outllne.tl /' Vac of . i rv sd o.h^ wh.nh' - ;•"„""" '■'""l""-'>"; '•'•■' l"'l'il« with tt... clilT.f ,.v,.„t. in tl... h^tory f tl.'Vm^^^^^^^^^^ Ciiaiiih.'rs' Ancient, Mediajval, and Modern Histories, (in separate volumes). Smith's Smaller History of Home. Smith's Smaller History of Greece. School Sinoino Books. Acailiaii Minstrel. Schrx.l Siiijrin;,' Hook, for Elementary, Preparatory, and High Schools (iu course of preparation). Natural PmLOsopiiv. Pariicr's iNatural Philosophy. Tm1(^'s Natural Philosophy (for Teachers' use). T/ie 0,'kstial aiohe. Natuual Sciknce. %J- Cliui Lhers.' Chemistry (Revised editbn). V^ailey .• 'ludimtnitary Treatise on Mine Dana's ]Mh.,'ralogy. Mow Plants Grow (Rudimentary Botany) — Gray's. Cla. s-Booli of Botaay — "Wood's (iievised edition). Gray's Text-Book of Botany — (for Teacher's use). First Steps in Zoology. Par > I. and H. — Patterson's. Temiey's Text-Book of Geology for Schools and Academies. ftKTARK— ToniM'v's roxt-H,)okdnals briefly with Oht'mistry, Mincraloirv, Hcitany, and Zooloiry all tliesij brauchus of Natural Sclencel. snu'e 1- 's necessary in ■.'eolopiial invostigatioiii to reli'r to rijo wor., ••■ ►ePiitUnily illustrated. Mental Sciknck. Haven's Mc^ital Science. Wliately's Logic. Wayiaud's Moral Fliilosophy.. Economic Scienck. The Chemistry of Common Things, (Nova Scotia School Series). ity*This book is coiiiously illuHtrafort. and int*>ndfid to bonspd hv aih'unrfd p}aa,>pna>, n rao^in- ■ivl'„hl"°'v."''.',^"^''" ^'"■'''^- '''^'''y 't^^^"" should oe carefully prepared by the pupTls" aiid tlia ill'iwtratloiiH" *'''"-'''*' '"'^ impress the iustruction of the text-book by suitable experiments and - ^ •'-■ '-mw^' 32 CO?tMENTS AND REGULATIONS OF THE Economic Science — (Continued.) Dawson's Elements of Agricultural Chemistry. Ilitelieock's Animal Physiology (iiieliiding Anatomy). Wayland's Political Economy. Classics. Latin — Bryce's First Latin Book. Bryce's Second Laliii Book. Edinburg Academy Latin Grammar, on Bullions' Latin Grammar. Authors i Ca'sar — Gallic War; Virgil — Georgics ; Cicero — Friend- (Oxf'ord -i ship, Old Age ; Virgil — ufJaeid ; Cicero — Poet Archias : Editions). { Horace — Odes. Arnold's Latin Prose Composition. Greek — Bryce's First Greek Book. Bryce's Second Greek Book. Bullions' Greek Grammar, or Edinburgh Academy Greek Grammar. /(\.i- J * Xenophon — Anabasis: Euripides- V,v.- X 1 Memorabilia; Homer — Iliad. Editions). ( Arnold's Greek Prose Composition Alcestis ; Xenophon- IV. OF THE COMMON SCHOOL. \. The Common School is the groundwork of our public education. a!id fnerofore has high claims on our attention. Its design is to foster and direct the unfolding of the youthful mind, and to fit it for a rational manhood and an enlightened citizenship. In its physical aspect, it skould have suc^h a care for the body as the intlexil)le laws of our being render imperative, in order that the best condi- tions for the exercise of the intellectual powers may be had, and had con- tinuously, and to purpose. In its intellectual aspect, it should seek to make a well-informed and intellig<'nt people. To secure the former, it must furnish the pu])il with knowledge: and this it strives to accom})lish by means of instruction. To create the latter it must exercise the j)Owers of the pupil's mind on the knowledge presented : and this is Education. In its moral aspect, it should aim to make all physic",! and intellecuml activity the product of just motives, to direct mental power into proper channels, and to mass the sum of the child's energies uito one fit and sub- stantial whole — character. These processes, moreover, to be carried to their best issue, should be kept in ])Iay simultaneously. 2. Three branches form the staple of Common School Instruction : the Mother-tongue,* or Language, Arithmetic, and Writing. These are univer- * A good knowlodpo of latiguapp implios ttio followinpr points:— AVoi/i'/if/, witb .spellini/, which tcae'rii'-i till' KoUiids, ioriii?!, itiui ifciisi' ^ i its wiirds ; iir^imuvir, wliiclt trac;iii':i its Cuii.su'UcUoijg and tlicir mutual dependence; and r.jjiip'miiioii, which teaches the suituble expreasicn of thought. —Friend- Archias : noi)hon- ation. iv-u] and direct iliootl and \y as ili«' est condi- liad con- rnied and iU])il with tion. To d on the itollocuml to proper and 8ub- ^'«^- ^' ^^ ]>rinciplesand obeying law^so '"u in ."•'?•'' '• ''''y *"''" ^'^^'"^i^ing under different fbr,ns,^s H , 'in" them of i fl'^ ^"'^, ''? '''''''^'^ ^^"'-^^'"S ^1^^"' and grappling with its i ro Sio ^i^.? "'^,'^'°"^1. ^•l^^^"?^-^ an,l additions, pics unJi an endless S5 7 ^nduZ TT^ ""' ""^^'^''^ I^^^^^" in P^oportLi as the ^^ :^ t ^l^^ZZ^^^ ^^^^^^^^^ science ; i fb/ Jlemen ir/^j^^ionf Sf"^ ^"" ^^"""^' '^^ -''o^^ while the circumstances in wh? ese S. ''' ™!-'/* procedure; various. ^'' "'*'**^ ^"''^^■' are applied are infinitely lan^;;^!:';^:^ " ^i^if t'r T":-^'^^^^' ^^ ^'^ - ^'-^ ^^"<^^ ^^ Viewed as a distinct art ifha .1^- 1 '?''" /^I^^^'^'^n^e «f that branch. teaching them. M-mv el ildron ^ ' ^ ' ^^^^^'^^'^i'' a rational mode of knowledge nnh^T.:.:t^\ry ti^o^t^ TT^'''^^ ?^--^ irrowth commcsurate with the mea.s em. Invo ^,7^"^^'^« "^ ^^ntal obvious. The teacher has fnl,^! /n \ ^"'P^'^Jed. Ihe reason is often «iil.lli.! process" „f,,.?l°, "■'■ ™™'™^'1'<' l'n>iiucts of ll,„ -"., «...» .ft6,.<, ,1,0 „„„ ,„ea„., of d,uW„„ fonl, U^'p^^a? :;^;; '^ '^^mm W g4 COMMENTS AND REGULATIONS OP THE with knowledge, and of calling into action his powe-s of observation and comparison. . This method of instruction, graded to the attainments ot the scholars, should form a part of the regular work of the teacher. The lessons must, of course, be given orally, and not through text-books. 4. The school should impart, also, a certain amount of supplementary knowledge. This embraces such as is essential to the pupil's perso:.al wel- fare, ancfsuch as becomes him as a future citizen of a free country. As a part of the former are included the general laws of health ; the design of the senses, and the manner of using ihem ; the importance of the habil of attention, and the conditions of its etiectlve exercise ; the marks of a sound judgment, and the caution required in forming opinions ; social duties ; " the instincts of his animal and rational nature, tlieir uses, and the control to be exercised over them ; the feelings to be cherished towards himself, his neighbor, and his God ; the sanctions to virtuous conduct, both in this life and in the next." Geography and history form the chief subjects of the latter, viz., that necessary for the' general well-being of the citizen. To tit the children of this Province for the duties of citizenship, they should be well-instructed in the geography and history of Nova Scotia and of the other British North American Provinces, as well as of the United States, Groat r>ritain, and Ireland. A knowledge of other countries is very desirable; but an inti- mate knowledge of these is well nigh indispensable. Th<'x^ subjects are generally embodied in distinct text-books for sepaiate study; but they should, as lar as possible, be studied in connect: m. The skilful teacher will find no subject offering a more inviting field for oral teaching, none more rich in materials wherewith to supplement book instruction. Instruc- tion in civil rights and duties should be interwoven by the teacher with the lessons in geography and histoiy. 5. The school should also prepare the pupil for enjoyment as well as for work. Both are alike instincts of his nature, which must find tl'.eir gra- tification ; and it is ditticult to decide which exerts ttructed in tish North ritain, and it an inti- ibjects are but they id teacher ihing, none , Instruc- 3r with the as well as [1 tl'.eir gra- ' formative ide for the Sentiment elementary tions of the re it. But ', furnishes ! citizen, it \^ work of I life. ' to educate >rodu('tion." give utlen- ity of form, enmansl :p. e Drawing er of such V. OF SUPERIOR SCHOOLS. fi,„ 1 '^i *^""" '<^<^g<-'j lather than from knowledsre ifsnlf T^ =., these end,-j, the oro-anl/'ifmn nf ih^ .„i i "•"""'*^"g^ "seit. lo secure not more IhL, io i I „ ' V '"' *','"*■'' «™i-a„nui.iiy among As ,ho c„„di"b„r rS^by rc„r ii °"t'' '" ''.'««»' -etioaf miuin; co„,id.ral,l'o <=fro»ZtL^ouZtZ/tZX f ,"'" ^T' part of llic pcoDic of tlie ««.tioi, in „L • i- • ™»,™'=f»' but also on the or f par.m.a,:!"';!;";:^;-;, ;'■ frt" t^ "rrf.TcO '" T, ''''""l to the tiMstcos of the section to be -innl ^,1 K„!i ^ • .('*'''')• «"" '>« paid appara,„s, or for general X'o, ^J^^ ^^J'^™ ralH'^ri'"*' "'? ^^"l"' teaclier of llie school or denarlm, n, Th i ""^-Iwlt "dl be paid lo the the amounts unowed;t nt T »nenj ^rfv^^Lf rf',," ?'""• ""'' '""""' and truscces of lirst h« ,;JLJ j., 1''°^ "'^ "'* '«"'' '» teachers Bouses.) (3.) The furnifi r^ ^,„. ''"" 'Pgooa condition : (bee *S'fAooJ whetlKM-of^home or fo ei'n nanu^^^^^^ If? ^^^^/PP-ved pattern, (See Ftmiifur, \ m \ T "'■^""^'^""^^'' -m^i arranged m proper order: modious au,l kept neat and fkC ' ^ ' '^'"' ''""'°"''' """" ^ "■»- licen;LS:S'Xs"'T7^um'I'T," "-!«,"'7™al<'. bn. must hold . Jft.'aud^di::^';-"'."'"' "*" " "^"' °f ^"'P'^'^ -S^™-*-. -anage. he L',;!L'fc,;'totr"TThr"''"''rr°'' ■'''';'''' *■''■• "«' ^^"^^ "=™°"'»' '"°""""y- rri"' condition may be modified in favour of sec- » e?am3:f,:AiPsr;r.c&^^^^^^^ "-o"-. •«« t"i»i. ■!.. i«.,»«to. 36 COMMENTS AND REGULATIONS OF THE tioiis having graded schools, where it .sliall appear that the number of ;>u[)il^> in the competing dejjartment has been ke])t below the reciuircuient tor the sake of more thorough grading.] 4. Any section prepared to compete for the Superior School grant, must forward to the Inspector, through its Trustees, a written notification of the flame, on or before the 20th day of November or May in each school term. 5. The Council indulges the hope that both Trustees and Teachers wil^ show a spirit of noble emulation in competing for this gi'ant. If those who compete one term fail to obtain it, success may await them another ; while both people and Teacher will be largely benelited by the trial. 6. In the decisioi: the following tests will be rigidly applied : — (1.) Language. Reading, — Correct pronunciation, distinct utterance, projver pauses. Hiiency, just expression of the sentiment of the passage, and full knowledge of the subject-matter of the piece read. Spelling, — the reading lesson and dictation : the method pursued, and the accuracy of the exercise. Grammar, — Analysis, Parsing, and Composition of sentences, according to the grade of scholars : the plan adopted, and the thoroughness of the work. (2.) Mathematics. Arithmetic, — Ball-frame, ease and effect with which it is used. Tables, — accuracy of memory, and knowledge of origin and use. Mental Arithmetic, — accuracy, reasons for the rule, and (juickness of work. Fundamental Hales, and Slate Arithmetic generally, — Correctness, readiness of proof, explanation of processes, whether of contraction or otherwise, expedition, and general neatness of the work. Algebra, — same us "slate arithmetic." Geometry, — application of principles to practical measurements. (3.) Writing. Posture of the pupils, manner of holding the pen, form and inclination of the letters, spacing, firmness, and legibility of hand-writing, neatness of Copy-Books, and ease with which the pupils write. (4.) Geography. Knowledge of its essential principles founded upon the uso of the Globe, with natural and political outlines of the hemispheres ; a minute acquaintance with any map or maps in the order laid down (see " Of the Common School), and paper or blackboard outlines of the same by the scholars. (5.) History. An accurate knowledge of the geneiTil history of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Canada, Great Britain, or of wlsutever country the Geography of which is professed to be taught in the School. The outlines of Universal History, as the School may be able to overtake them. IlKMAUK. History is the coinploment of (jleography. Eacli is but half-taugl>t scparatoly. A historical outline should introduci! the map of each country, and this outline should be carefully tilled in as the geographical lessons proce(>d. It is not necessary that the pupils should have a historical text-book lor this exercise. The 'J'eacher can present vivid sketclies of the leading events, and thus more effectually than by text-books alone, associate the chief points of history, by contiguity of place. It must be distinctly understood that the foregoing tests of the internal state of the School, have roference not to a few scholars only, but to the general average of the whole. C0UNCIL OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 37 iTcctness, VI. OF COUNTY ACADEMIES. Connfv^^n A'- r.T'''"?' ^^'^ establishniont of an Academy in each Toi Mhool, shall provide, by assessment i fOTnTnnrim,,. i i i "'' -ige ♦i.-r. i..^„„ i , y "'f-v. 1111.111, ,1 lommodions sehool lioiisp -unfii tuo large apartments as school rooms, and one ch'^s-room Ci.^ m-'.T Academ;. ^^^^^■™*-^"^^^''^' ^'^« I^i'^paratory, and the High School, or (S.) Any Connty Town (or other section) possessing le«s than tlm m „1, Iti ,.,. i^'"' *"''"l'"™ V'™"?*""" ■""« 1"! Of the most approved natlern (5.) Tim several seliool rooms must be kept in good eondition and ide ^...Iy s„p,,I,ed w,th suitable appara.u, as ,'he ™„,s ot Ihe iS' ^^ (0.) A fixed amount of attainments shall be renuired of thp nnr.;i. f before a transference from one department to another can take place (A) Ihe subjects taught m tlie Elementary department «hall bo ihnhment, a.:d no one shall be eligible for such situation who n<^ r;;r1:'^'"''"'1r^"V"'' ^^^ "'^'^^^ ^y^^^^^ of schools, and can gi^eX a V 1 ^''n?' T ^1 ^"f '' '''''^'- ^^' "^"^^ ''^'^^ be a good EnH I as \u'll a.s Classical and ]\Iathematical Scholar. n,. ; i'^'T '^^'-l"^^^' «^" ^hf- Elementary department may be either a male or female, though the latter is preferable for \he sake of^the fcmalV sS 38 COMMENTS AND REGULATIONS OP THE ars, who may be in attendance. If tlie latter, she must possess a practical and intimate knowled-ro of the manner of conduetinj,' primary schools, Wh( thcr male or female, the Teac]>er must be capable of giving object and oral lessons. (10.) Each department of these Academies shall be open to both sexes ; and the High School or Academic department shall also be open, without charge, to all residing within the county, who may be able to pass the ex- amination required of Candidates from the Preparatory department. o. Teachers of departments in connection with the County Academies, except those engaged in imparting instruction in the High School depart- ments, will receive from the Superintendent the same amount of provincial aid as is prescribed by law for teachers of common schools ; and the trustees will rec(!ive from the Commissioners an allowance tor all the departments, including the High School, from the funds provided by county assessment, as 111 'he ease of common schools. If the town or section shall ha\e pro- yided school accommodation, equal to the foregoing re(iuireinents. and an increased number of apartments is still required, each additional department necessary for the section, established and controlled by the Trustees, sup- ported by the section and [n-operly graded in conformity with law, will re- ceive public aid from both the Superintendent and Commissioners. 4. The Superintendent of Education, under the direction of the Coun- cil, is charged with the general management of the County Academies. He will visit them as often as his duties will permit, and report upon their condition, for the information of the Legislature. The several dejiartments of tlK'se institutions are also subject to the semi-annual visitations of the Inspectors. VII. OF THE PROVINCIAL NORMAL SCHOOL. 1. This, like all similar Institutions, is mainly and specially intended to fit for the business of teaching. Of all professions, teaching is on(! of the most ditlicult : hence the need of special preparation. CiviHzation acknow- ledges this need. Accordingly every nation supporting a popular system of Education, has made i)rovision whereby this training may be had. The Council of Public Instruction has sought to render the ^'ormal School of Nova Scotia increasingly eihcient and equal in every respect to the require- ments of the Province. There are three well-furnished school apartments in the Institution, and a staff of three Teachers, besides a teacher of music and drawing. An i-xcellent graded Model School, having three departments, with an experienced teacher in each, is connected with the Normal School establishment. % means of the several de[)artments of the Model School rare facilities for the illustration and [)ractice of the most approved methods of teaching and conducting public schools are secured to the pupil-teacher.s. 2. In order that uniformity of action may be secured between this Insti- tution and the Public Schools of the Province, the Superintendciiit of Edu- cation, under the control of the Council of Public Instruction, is entrusted by law with its gtmeral supervision and direction. The Bye-Laws passed by the late Board of Directors, appertaining to the mtcrnal arrangements of the Institutions, remain iu force. ° COUNCIL OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION 39 Normal School ito^iitrnn of S^ •" ^^*^''"^''"= ^''« l*''"^'"^''^ my inlontion is to c^ ' f^a^;^;^^^ ''"J'"'^- ^^ ^--^''''i"?? 5 and that anu-nationon the thir 1 " ^ '^1 1 .^^ 7 a satisfactory ex. .same, receive a eertific'ito of " \ ^, •, ""' '^ ^""""'^ ''"'^^'7 «^' t»'e certificate shaH^ive the' older . '; "/^^f ^''^ "^^^ '^7; ^and scholurshi,,:" This presenting .said cCific^te to tl S '''T ''] '''' ?"""^'^ '^^'''"'''' «"J "PO" allowance^of l^^ve ce,^^^^^^^^^ '^uper.ntendent the holder .hall receive an oftlmsewho oldUensefr 1^^^ J" ^h'' -ase ■ to make apnlica on to t ?'h . ""'r l^''t"' ^.^^^' ^^ ^^^'''^" '^'^ «"- <■<"; "'« """-' "f ">« - may bo caneolled or .-^ .e L ^ lay ^"0^4 C.r'r''"''"^ V^-; -• "P''-f<"i<^'hers who have never t'in'-^^^^^^^^ second, or lirstiss^^iiiu;;;;;^;;^'^^ 40 COMMENTS AND REGULATIONS OP THE 6. The principal, as formerly, may admit pupils not intcndin*; to tcacli, to the number of ten each term, at the rate of $8 per session. The fund.'* thence arising; shall be used to procure a Teacher in Drawinj;, for whom no remimeration has been provided by law. Pupil-teacli rs shall receive in- struction in this, as in other branches, without charge. 7. As outline lectures on Natural Science, embracing Chemistry, Mine- ralogy, Botany, Zoology, and Geology, are delivered in this Institution, and special attention given to Agricultural Chemistry with Vegetable and Ani- mal Physiology, the principal may admit young farmers to the advantages of this Cours(! (as well as to kindred branches.) who are desirous of obtain- ing a theoretical knowledge of then- future calling. Practical ilhistrations, touching Horticulture and Agriculture, are given by means of the experi- mental garden and farm attached to the Institution Such students shall be admitted to this course on the payment of a small fee, which sliall be expended on the improvement of the garden aiul farm. 8. At the close of each session, the Princi[)al shall forward to the Superintendent of Education a report, setting forth the name, sex, age, and residence of each ))upil-teacher enrolled, and of each jjaying })upil. He ehall also forward a list of those to wliom the ExarainciS shall have granted licenses, with the class of each, stating the class of each certificate of ad.nis- sion, with the name of the Inspector by whom it was given ; and report generally concerning the business of the session. 9. There shall be two sessions of the Normal School in each year; the first commencing on the second Wednesday in November, and i;losing on the 'ast Thursday in INIarch ; and the second commencing on the second Wednesday in JMay, and closing on the last Thui-sday in September. None shall be admitted after the first week of each term, except in cases deemed satisfactory by the Principal. VIII. OF PUBLIC SCHOOL LIBRARIES. The inhabitants of every section should seek to open wide the gates to wholesome knowledge. ()ne of the means provided by Law to accomplish this, is the establishment of a suitable Public School Library in the several School Sections throughout the Province. Works of History, Travels, Biography. Literature, and Science, placed within easy access to all, would go far towards supplying that knowledge which a system of free public edu- cation rendiTs, in a tvvo-fold dfigree, a necessity. By the I'.kh subdivision of the Gth section of the School Law, it is en- acted that the Council of Public Instruction shall liave power " to draw from the treasury a sum not exceeding sixteen hundred dollars, for the es- tablishment of School Libraries, on the condition that any section raise a Bum equal to the amount sought froia the Council (consideration being given to poor sections) ; the books to bo selected from a general cataloguii autho- rized by the Council, and the libraries to be managed under uniform regula- tions y)repared by the Council, and at all times to be open to inspection of me Su{)erintendent, Inspectors, and Examiners." It will be observed that local exertion (and n( property or popul ) report COUNCIL OP PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 4I of fh;.^,!l'r'sH,1 t'i "I''.'""" "*:"'' ?""'■''• '■'>'"P«l!U« will, the ohiecls ■ion of.,i,ab,„ „.„*» „„ ,„o c.vi,..„;e:':l-'i^;,truR' ;::;:;' i.^-:"- ('i.) Ill rcnranl to books on ccclcsia^tioal lii.fnrv flm *"''\^^Y ° • best „„, ,„ ,;,„.|,,d,. ,l,on, in the Public s';;«;i LSi,:'" ^'"""'' '"'^™» " • .• .1 V. .'?" exoeplions, and within these liinitnliort« 't i, ih,. n„;„ (.J.) TJ.e deluding of any books in the general oatalo-ue is not to ho •uul a^ suitable new works of value may appear. "^ ^"coCst, 3. TlIK KSTAHLISIIMENT AND MANAGEMENT OP Pnnr rr^ <^n.r^r. ment of Public School Libraries •-_ ° establishment and manage- .eel i,, i ' t™ ;:i7 ?'■? ' ■"= "."''<=■• "'« "^""Og^cnt rf the School Trus- tees and the rtustees shall appo.nt or remove the Librarian, and fix his 11. i 42 COMMENTS AND REGULATIONS OP THE ('? ) The Trustees recciivinj; Library IJooks must provide a proper case for the books, with a lock and k(!y ; and must eause the easo and Ixioks to be kept in some sate place, and repaired when injured ; and must also pro- vid(( snlficient wrappinj,' paper to cover the books, and writin;^ p;ipf,p to enai)le tlie Librarian to keej) minutes of the delivery and return of books, and write the needful notes or letters. (4.) When nny books are taken in charge by tljc Librarian, he shall make out a full and complete ciitalogne of them ; and at the foot of each catalogue, the Librarian shall sign a receipt to the following effect : " I, A. }]., do hereby acknowledge that the books specificjd in the preced- ing catalogue have been delivered to me by the Trustees of Sciiool Section ^"- (or School Sections Nos. ),*in the District (or Districts) of -. to be carefully kept by me as their Librarian, for the use of the in- habitants within their jurisdiction, according to the i-egulations |)rescribed by authority of the Statute, for the management of Public S ■*. h)1 Libraries, to be account(.'d for by me according to said regulations, to said Trustees, and to be delivered to my successor in otfice." Dated, &c. Such catalogue, with the Librarian's receipt, having been examined by such Trustees, or some person or persons appointed by them, and foimd to be correct, shall be delivered to Trustees, and shall be kept amon<^ their official papers. ° (5.) The Librarian shall be accountable to the Trustees appointing him, for the cost of every book that is missing, or for the; whole series of which It formed a part. The Librarian shall also be accountable, in like manner, for any injury which a book i.iay appear to have sustained, by l)eing soiled, defaced, torn, or otherwise injured ; and can be relieved from sucli account- ability only by the Trustees, on its being satisfactorily shown to them, that some resident \yithin their jurisdiction is chargeable for the cost of the book so missing, or tor the amount of injury so done to any work. (0.) The Librarian must see that in each book belonging to the Library, the number of the book and the name of the Library to whTch it belongs, is written, either on a printed label ])asted inside the cover of the book, or on the first blank leaf of it, and that the number of davs .allowed by these regulations for the jjcrnsal of the book is legibly marked" thereon ; aiid he is on no account to deliver out any book which is not thus numbered and iden- tified. He shall also cause all the books to be covered with strong wrap- ping paper, on the back of which shall be written the title of the book, and the number in large figures. As new books are added, thi^ numbers shall be continued, and they are in no case to be altered ; so that if the book be lost, its number and title must still be continued on the catalogue, with a note that it is missinjr. ° (7.) The Librarian shall keep a blank book, which mav consist of a few sheets of writing-paper siitched together— ruled across the width of the paper, so as to leave five columns of the proper size, for the following en- tries—to be written lengthwise of the paper: In the first colunoi, the"Titlc and No. of the Book; in the second column, the Name and R(;sidence of the {)erson to whom delivered ; in the third colunm, Date of Delivery ; in the fourth column, the Date of its Return ; in the fifth column. Remarks respecting the Condition of the Book, as good, injured, torn, or defaced, &c., in the following form : — foi' COUNCIL OP PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 43 TITLR AND NO. OK Tim BOOK. TO WHOM DELIVKUKU. WHKN DKLIVKKKD. WHKN KETUKNBIJ. CONDITION Of J UK IIUUK, tl.it*Jftf ,t''Tnt":''l,;'':' ;'■' "'1 ■''""" "I'' '" "" ""■"'^ "-"'''-R 'o in oHice, shall rrive ],im i r^r-P t . '», 7 « ?^U ^ rrustees, or ..uceessor (J-) Ihe Trustees are to attend faifhfnlly to the interests of tl.p!.- UK. care if/ ^' ""^ ^^'^ ^''^''^^ ^"^ l^'^Verly managed and taken Tl.of'Jr'- ''""''' r^"""" ''"'' ^^^'^^ ^N^ USE OP THE Library Books -Uc^folU>w.n^ are the regulations for the care and u.e ofTe bookl^n S.e preirvati!;^SeHv.ervTnf '''^^ '^ '^' ^''^'' ^"^^ '^ ^^^l>o.^^^^ for their Tppointhig him ^ '" '"' ''''''''''' "^ ^^ ^^^' «^J-r of his Trustees h.l';"'^ T -i' '""^'^ °^^''^ catalogue of the books shall be made out and kont r.ini"V ^"^ P'"''^'' "P^" ""^'""^ '^ forfeiture has been adiudrred under these regulations, can receive a book while such forfeiture remiinfunS LilrlL ^.1 r'^"'-\ f '"^'"'^'"^ «S« ^« ^•'^^ l^^oks belonging to thr L'buuy, shall be entitled to all the benefits and privileges coi Wd bv a^t- can 06 peimitted to take a book out of the Library, unless ho rp^ulp, n"^.... nas been guvn by his parent, or au.-irdinn. or r^p,K,^p „,u], ,,..,™ 1-0 re„a„», iLat he will not l« rcponaible for books ddivercd; such mta^ 44 COMMENTS AND REGULATIONS OF TIIR But anif minor ran draw a bonk fronfi the Ivihrary on depositing tho cost of sufli book with the Libn^rian. (6.) Where there is a siitReient number of volumes in a Library to ne- cotnniodate all the residents who wis'i to borrow, the fiibrarian may permit eaeh member of a family to tak*; books as .(fteri as desired, as long as the regulations are pnnetually and fully observed. Ibit where there are not books enough to supply all the lu.rrowers, the Librarian must aceommodate as many as possible, by furnishing eaeh fiunily in proportion to the number of its rea<' <''^''^' «aehofthelaotsm,or.leJint^;'V ' ^^^ ^^^ ^'«"^'^"-^ive evidence of applied to decaying the expSS":, lilJlS^tlL til^'^l^^^^^^^ ^*'f r<>y-g ^^ : k borrowed f . n : £;n '';.1r'^^ ''^^"''"l«' - in hi.s own ca:^^., but such can- shul b "V 1 ■^'^" ""^' ««* an a judge other members W the Co ;;ra,it^ J :^':^t T'" ^^^ ^"^'"^''7 <^ tKe corporation are to be conscler... the -u^. nf ' '''^' '• ^ ^""J"^'^'/ of a r-^ ^ In 1..,. f^ 'u. u I as nit act.s of the eoiporation. S.l.0.,1 Library <' M ,dt,I .1 " '"'""■""' ''"'° ""^ l'"''lie (;t.) f i,c Trustor 1 « e i^i^t' ^ / *?• i;!;;'";:^"™*"? x- '»•• >o.le|,OKil 'ill, I," J iLH,n n t^^ .r " '^'"•'T) I" '■«l"i« llio borrowc? may l,e ,I«„e ,o it. ""'' ""- W™""' "f ""y '"jury which a..^ti,erS7ttTihS;t,SlJ,"r' 'l"'' ■"^:^'r ■""> '"" '"« the reiilta „f their „bsei « im, ""''"."'".' .«'«!'C<;t;ve jurisdictions, and jvo each School Section Co^S™ '" "t ?"-",'"" ■■'■|»«» ' ^'"d tu-. B," the condition „,' TSrar V^i^^eiSt'i;,: £„:r'°°' '^'=- ledge of tlK'se regulations "'"^'^^ ' "^'^ «" Parties act with a full know- Corp„,..iion,, in the selectiolof Ss C Libmr ' 'wl f '^,,''' ,""■: '^"f <"= stinrr?o;:t:nra;irr'"'^n^^^^^^^ tetture, m atry cose whatever; the* are ail specifled W the reiulatiot: 46 COMMENTS AND REGULATIONS OF THE and it only remains for the school authorities to investigate and decide upon the /acts of each case of alleged delinquency, and act aceordin'rly. 1 he most of these regulations are adopted from Upper Canada and the htate ot iNew lork, where much experience has been acquired in the man- agement of Public School Libraries. That experience has shown that a strict adherence to these regulations is absolutely necessary to the mainten- ance of harmony among all parties cf^ncerned, and to the preservation and usefulness of the Libraries. IX. OF THE SUPPORT OF P JBLIC SCHOOLS. The mode of supporting Public Schools :. clearly set forth in the Law. It IS three-fold : Provincial, County, and Sectional. 1 '■„ ^''^J''^?lt;'"—^^^ Superintendent of Education will pay to each legally qualified leacher, who has taught a common s(!hool the entire num- ber of prescribed teaching days in any school year, the followinrr sums or proportionately according to the number of days he or she may have taught : First Class Male Teachers $120 First Class Female Teachers ) Second Class Male Teachers \ '^^ Second Class Female Teachers ) Third Class Male Teachers ... J ^^ Third Class Female Teachers 45 Any legall' qualified Teacher employed in a section designated by the lioard of Co iissioners as one entitled to special aid as a poor section dur- ing any scho,,i year, will receive from the Superintendent one-third more than tiie respective suras mentioned above for the school year, or proDor- tionately according to the number of days he or she has taught. Payments will be made half-yearly. In addition to the above aid in support of ihools text-books maps, and apparatus will be sold to each section, as public pro^ perty, on the payment by the Trustees of half the cost of the same. For special aid to Superior Schools, see " Of SuPEniou Schools " l^or special aid to County Academies, see "Of County Academies." County.— It i.s provided that a County (or Sessional District) school race, yielding for distribution a sum -eciual (o thirty cents for every inhabi- tant of the County (or Sessional District), according to the last census pre- ceding the issue of the county rate roll," shall be levied annually; and the amount thus obtained will be paid to the Trustees by the Couiitv (or Dis tri^) Ireasurer upon the order of the Board of School Commissioners. The County fund will be distributed by the Commissioners, in terms of the Act, as follows : — "One-half of the amount provided to be raised annually as aforesaid, sha. , at the close of eacii half-year, be apportioned to the Trustees of Schools conducted in accordance with this act, to be applied towards the payment of ioachers salaries; and each school shall be entitled to participate therein according to tne average number of pupils in attendance, and the len-th of 47 ,. . ^^^^^"^L OP PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 4-7 r»ce,vo from ll,„ Co„„,y fund oLT: S "' ''""« '"'•>' '=''«'l y™r, will othenvisc be entitled to "' ™°™ I'" I'"I'" H'"" tliey w„t,|,i 3. the amount of IVonncial m^a^jr mon^'^^f f ^^^'/^ "^" ^*^ -^" ^^^^'^ section towards supporting it. Xnl nT ? , '' n'''" ^^ "^^"'•^"J '^7 any -ely upon local eiUn^!^ t e e" £t V'' ^''''^''i' ^'""^ ^^^'^^ eachscH-tion in supporting as effi em y 'is .t-i I .^- '^' inhabitants of order to remove every obstacle to he n,."- ' 1 'f ^'^'"' «"^" «''''»"1- In the part of the residents o et^seeHor t^ '^''' ^^^''^^ ^^-'^ on secure schools of a high ordei and of ^',10^ '' ^^>^ ^^'^^' ^« "'^^^ed to the largest amount of^ubho n^^ney ^i^ t ^^^^ '-^"^ ^'-'^ "^^^^^'n quired by the province and county r thT ^ '^'' ^hat-" Any sum re- public school or schools during he'^,.iiA::;!:'"^^ f"! -^-tenance of a .""P'-ovcn.ent of school grounds; th r,?.] . '"''"'^'"^ "'« P'"'«''«''e or ;ng or repair of school houses and out E in- '"*'""^'; ''""''^^''-'J^' ''l^^an- insuram-e on school property ; th^urcineoFf: T' '^ ^'f'^'''"' "'• ^''"^^''^ ^ maps, and apparatus; the paymen of i^. /''"'' '"'''^""'^^^ •^^'''««J hooks •section; teachers' sai;u-ies,!;?arothe;t^^^^^^ V the efficient public school or school. Jn n ^^I"^"^'^' required in providino- an mined b^ a m.yority <^ ti^t^,:^:^^ ;;;:;^:;^V''^ Tf^"^ ^^ ^^^" meeting; and any aiuount so determine 1 . f ^^"larly called school and shall be levied on the ix-al and n ^1 "" '''^':^^" °" '''^ ^'^^'tion, the residents of the .section accordin'^.n ^"'^^"''^^ ^^''^'"" ^''« ^«""ty of every section may know what sum v!l,v '"""'>' '''''-'^^^" ■Ahhour.h the province, yet'the el^ t IZt nt wiirbr"' '^''^; ''^^^^•'^- ^-- funds by the Trustees cannot be known Z\ J"'"'^'^ ^''^"^ ^''« ^'«"nty meeting of the section. T e scl i .fi^ T ^'/^ '^'' '•^"""^'^ '^^'h^ol voting its estinia.es to author a ir'";^^ '^ -^-^"1 in tees to meet the liabilities of .In. «! /^ ^ -^ufricient to enable the Trus- the haiHls of the Trustee i^ o ' c^u e The ^"/^'--'' -Gaining"; next school year, while any deficit nHd.', i' ''"''"'"^ '^ *''« ^''^dit of the maybecari4dibrwar7and plviderbl. n'?; " """'"'^^^^ expenditure year. " piovidtd for m the estimate of the following 1 T. T ^\^^ SCHOOL REGfSTRATlON. r-^^'^^^^fsl^^^ Inftruetion to taries of the Hoards of Trustees to n^-1 -^I 1 ubhc Schools, of the Secre- «cribed Register for Teache^ and of .dT^ T ^''''T ''''^'''' "^" *''« P^^' the manner prescrib"d bv f h.' P V ^ <"'r''^'''-^ <« i..i.h.hed,«o that frusiee. will have no dirticulty in securing -^'i«^t.-f«a- --^ -Km^^ ',MiAm ■ .-^. -tljft^fv: SSL .^sa^SMMT 48 COMMENTS AND REGULATIONS OP THE a faitlifiil smd proper registration of the schools under their charge. Tlie provision that the sum annually raised by county assessment shall be distributed according to the average nuinber of pupils in attendance during- the term renders it absolutely necessary for each Board of Trustees to see that the right of their school to participate in the moneys raised by County assessment is not endangered by any neglect in this matter. The School Kegister may be obtained gratis on application to the County Inspector. XI. TIME IN SESSION, HOLIDAYS, AND VACATIONS. 1. It is provided by law that : " The school year shall begin on the first of November, and six calendar months, commencing with the first of Novem- ber and the first of May in each year, shall (ionstitute a school term, includ- ing all holidays and vacations prescribed by the Council of Public Instruc- tion." Teachers will receive semi-annually from the Province one half the sums fixed by law for the school year. }n'ovided they have taught every week- day during the six calendar months of the term, less the number of days prescribed for holidays and vacations ; and proportionately if they have taught a less munber of days daring the term. (See jiar. o.) No teacher, therefore, will receive any additional amount from the Province, by teaching more than the prciscribed number of days in any school term. The same provision concerning time apjjlies equally to the amount re- ceived by the Trustees from the County school fund. Each Board of Trustees will secure a larger amount by keeping the school in oneration every teaching day in any term, than if the school were open only a portion of those days ; but no additional nllowance will be received by keepin"- the school open during the time prescribed for holidays and vacations. I'See par. 5.) Intervals of rest from study will be found necessary to both teachers and pupils. Both will thereby be refreshed. The school will become a i)lace of cheerful labor, instead of a place of confinement. The progress of the pupils will not be retarded, but rather accelerated, while their'daily atten- dance will become more regular and constant. 2. The hours of teaching shall not exceed six each day, exclusive of the hour allowed at noon for i-ecreation. Trustees, liowever, may determine upon a less number of hours. A short recess should be allowed about the middle of both the morning and afternoon session. In elementary depart- ments especially, Trustees should exercise special care that the cliildren are not confined in the school-room too long. a. Every Saturday shall be a holiday ; but Trustees of Town sections may, if preferred, allow a half holiday on Wednesdavs and Saturdays. The anniversary of the Queen's birthday shall be a holiday in all the public schools. Uemauk.-Oiio holiday each weok, and short, vacations, insure hotter recreation, and bottor sch< (.1 progross, than tew lioluhiys and long vacations. 15 ..sidoj., parents who fi^'ni nocoss v or pleasnr.. oltcn n-quir.. tho pivscnco of their chlld.vn at homo for a whole day. • fr" mumU y wU t1;r" *" ''•■'^■'^t ^^'urday in.st.;ad of .mo of tho regular leaching .lavs of 1 e w." k , thi^ way the average, oaily attendance in the .school will he increased, and this increase will neces- sarily lessen tlie amount to be paid by the rate-payers of euvch sect on "'*=ruisc will ntccs- 1. JJg^ rge. Tlie t shall be lice during ees to see by County li(! School lector. noNS. n the first )f Novem- ra, includ- c Instruc- ■ the sums cry week- r of days hoy have teacher, ' teaching nount re- Board of operation a portion eping the is. (See L'liers and le a })lace ;ss of the ,ily atten- ive of the letermijie ibout the y depart- Idren are 1 sections ys. The le public , and bottor n nccossity fivcpieiitly 'k. Ill thi;! will neces- COUNCIL OP PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 49 time when the vacations at seTrufmi aT^^ ^^ "^''^''*- ^' *he exact must vary in different parts o^ thTp ■ ""'""'^ '^""'^^ ^^ most desirable' credited as if the school, I, ,d i,p!.„ "^ » teach,„g, „„a Trustees will be .he average daiiraSate tl?Z7'r:'" ^J'TJ' '"' ™* '^^ an Inst tute will reooivp ut it. .1 ° -l '^^" Teacher present at or from his diputy 'Sis cer !«?.'' ' 'T!'^'"^' ^'""™ '^' Superintendent, tees' semi-annSal^ketu n in £ toT " f'T.''^ ""^^^^' '' ^'^ ^rus- vinclal and County rne;s as at^e ''' '''''" ""'''' ^^^ ^^^ XII. OF TRUSTEES. • li. ^\ '^ P':"^^^^^ by Jaw that the annual school raeetino* « shall h^ h.u reSix'iT?hfr:''rro'':^ri!iv:r™^'°"""''^ or, where none exist, by the inspector, by LLs d"s ed ^.f iirel tr°' locahties within the section, five days n revin.Klv !L?S l 1 P"**''" a^jf^riTti-ptj^v^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ office by ballot m October, 1866, and one in October, 1867 a?d at eLh lore: ril'^'Thf'"'" '''' ^" '''' ^^^^''-•' ^e'whoLs'erv dThe Wees Th;^7r /''''"'''' "^"'^ ^" ^"^•^ by the election of new irustees Those who have just gone out of office are eligible for re eleo tion ,f wdhng to serve,-their term of office to date from f uch re eL^doT [Sections which have not Trustees must elect three at th "r Vrst tS them"eS'a'";TclfnSS"e%.r\7^ ^V'^^"-"" "'« proceedings of port of the%oard of Trustees Lncernh, J tlu-tHrcaV^na^ofn^^^ ^^hJ' '^° ■''"''''^^ ^^f re. year, its finances, and the requireniont"of t . 'eS nHn^th^ ^ " ' •"* *''" '«''""" tho rt?^^ *"•" "'««« P"»^ procurmg of hou.es or lands.' (Seo Act/^el^ mTTto &Sr^ o\'(.it''=;:rKT,{- 5« I OUU Ace, sec. iil. ' "•■■i:'^- • wii^gjligmij_ .■mwwr m^n-m-inH. ; ^v^^-itfw m^i 50 COMMENTS AND REGULATIONS OP THE meeting, and at their second and third annua' meetings, one of the Trus- tees elected at their lirst meeting goes out of office, in the manner specified above.] In case of vacancies caused during the school year, by death or other extraordinary circumstances, a special meeting may be called by the remain- ing Trustees or Trustee. In the event of no annual meeting being held, or of no Trustee (or Trustees) being elected, a Trustee (or Trustees) may be appointed by the Commissioners on the petition of seven or more rate- payers. (See Act, sec. 30.) 2. The Trustees represent the inhabitants of the section, and transact all school business in their stead and on their behalf. The interests of Educa- tion cannot thrive in any section unless these officers efficiently discbarge their duties. Formerly, Trustees justly complained that their work was in a great measure undefined. As a consequence, it remained unperformp-l Hence much of the past weakness and imperfection is remedied by enlar - ing the powers of these officers, and defining more specifically their impor- tant duties. Sound judgment must be exercised by the various sections in choosing Jit men for this work— men of intelligence, of business habits, and of educational zeal. 3. The duties of Trustees and their Secretary, are too specifically stated in the Act to require explanation. Upon the Trustees is devolved the duty of assessing, and upon their Secretary, of collecting all moneys authorized by the school meeting. 4. Teachers are selected and engaged by the Trustees. All such en- gagements should be made in writing. The amount of salary from the Trustees will depend in a good degree upon the class of Teacher engaged. Both male and female Teachers are divided into three classes. The follow- ing may be considered a pretty accurate guide as to the proportion which should obtain between the salaries of the several classes : — 1st class Male Teachers . . , 2nd « Male Teachers... 1st " Female Teachers., }* 3rd class Male Teachers . . . ") 2nd " Female Teachers.. | 3rd " Female Teachers . . . 1 The four groups correspond to the four degrees of qualifications required in the general syllabus of examination. The proportions named are, of course, not compulsory, but the Council desires to sec adequate remunera- tion given to all, believing that in no other way can the services of good teachers be secured, and permanently retained. The law makes special provision for the employment of assistant teachers. These, of course, will not expect so much remuneration as teachers upon scholars are making sure pro^re^s tj.^ "" ft" P*^^^'''^^ ^o see that he ectual and moral,-in sho^ rC,"^^^^^^^^^ -] ^'- -l-ol both intel the young are being realized in 1 fste fon "v .r?" '1 ^^ '''" ^^"^*^''"" «<* maj not be able to form a nieo jud- nm-nr, ""' ""'.''^'['^^ f'^J preside. All none can fail to estimate cor ectly Us soci . ??" ''" /"^^'Heetual aspeet, but does not sanction the teac-hin ' f om- ?' ; "^ /""^^ ^«""- ^^hile the law wbch charaeterize the different dclmltts'om V'' -f'"^"''^'' -«-« the teacher " to inculcate by preceptTml . I .,' i ^'"■^^^'•''"•^' 't does instruct the principles of Christian morS " Tn f^? ' '' '"^^P""^ ^^'^ ^^^'g'""" and to see their desires in this re^p^ ^^.'o J'J^' ''''''''' ^'^ ^Ae must look the law, carried into effect b/t he teacher """"' ''''^' '^^ ^P^^t of of ;st;!:{rri^irs^;t^^^^ ^--i .pe^ times m the course of the year and ..L J''-' '*'" '''^°"' ^* least four annual examinations. By viS; " "fS '"" ''^"^"^'^"^e at the nemi- This would require, on the pat^f 1^? f ''"' a monthly visit may be had. agement and stimulus thus given bott to ^h' V'^'u '^''^'''''' '^^^^ ^^^'o»^' be mcalculable. ^ *'''"' ^"^ ^^« teacher and the taught would t^'^:^lSST' ''""' '''' ^''"«*^- '^ P« at the school during selfishness .f parents. "^^^^^^^^t popular education, but indifFerence or tdt 'n "'P^'^'a% incumbent on the trustee, as well o= . . that all parents within the section are aware S T u ''^ ^'^^''^^''^ *" «ee the reach of their children. They win fl ' ^T "°^^ P'^^^d within regular attendance possible. and'Ia en enuenr'" /^' ^"''"^^^ ^"^ "^««t he money. They will also more wide yl'iriato^Hfi' P"'''°" ^^ P"»>" ^-n. Let all be able at least to read:^:^.':;^":^.,^^ ''"^"^^ '''^'"-- accoraii^rrfor 0^]^ t: s^r f r '-^^'^ ^^ ^^^ -^-i same is lodged at the office of tLl.pector o, Jh f '"'' ^^"'^ '"' '^^' ^he of the return. Any failure irthis Tes neet w ll' 7- ""^''''1'^ ^" ^''« ^^'^ great mconvenience, and may denr ve th !o r ?'"";'! ''^^' ^^^'^ <« section be a "B ^er Sectfon » Vll • "" ''^ P"^''« '»«"«y- If the returns to each B of Commit! "" •T''?'='' ^^'^ ''"^'^^^^ to mak^ forms furnished will belinre ^"2 Wd" t' T ^•^""^^^^^- ''^^ use every exertion to have them iPPMrnVi ;,, , ^^"^tees is expected to ^^ec, tke section to tke lol^'^T^Zlfl ttj ^ ^"'^ ^^^ -^ In ^^stS^ailln:^:^:^^:^^^^ ^^r-^ «^'^-- of the teacher will form the chief souiveu ' .^^ ^'^"^eforth the register trustees must, during their sS S« I r"'? ^'^"^^/^"^t be drawn ; and i^ being properly kept. The retrn of hf"^ ?'''\'*'^ '^'^' '""'^ ''^'^'^^ we may know our condition in Separt^^^^^^^^^ ^*^''"« ^"""^ ''^^'^^J^' able to adopt such measures as shall hLT f '^'"^ common weal, and be of the public service. ^^'^ "^'"^ ^^^ exigencies of thb branch "• To dischfLrcr<^ iha fVi, :__ » .. . , 52 COMMENTS AND REGULATIONS OP THE object in view, and the important interests that hinge thereon, it cannot fail to be seen that such an object is amply entitled to it all. Eesides, pro- vision is made for the retiring of one of the members of ihb trusteeship annually. XIII. OF EXAMINERS. 1. Each "Board of Commissioners appoints two well-qualified persons — who may or may not be members of the Board— to be members of the « Committee of District Examiners." The Council of Public Instruction appoints another member of this Committee, who acts as its Chairman. The business of this Committee is clearly set forth in the Law. 2. Each committee will hold semi-annual examinations during the months of October and April. All applicants for license to teach, and all wishing to be examined for admission to the Normal School, must present themselves before the Examiners at these semi-annual examinations. The law makes no provision for special examinations. Each committee will ap- point stated times for its semi-annual meetings, in order that all may be aware of the times of their recurrence. 3. The exercise of much judgment and discretion will be required of these Examiners. If, in tne discharge of their high duties, they shall place themselves in sympathy with the efforts now put forth to leaven the youthful mind of the Province with a sound education, no provision of the Law Avill do more to elevate the tone and quicken the life of popular education than the appointment of these officers. The following are the qualifications which the Examiners shall require of all applicants for licenses : — SYLLABUS OF EXAMINATION. Female Candidates — Cf.ass III. Language : Reading — To read a passage in prose, and another in verse, with a distinct utterance and due attention to the punctuation. • Spelling. — To spell correctly any ordinary sentence dictated by the Ex- aminers. Grammar. — *1. To parse easy sentences and apply the rules of Syntax. 2. To have some general knowledge of the construction and various modifi- cations of simple sentences. Rkmark — Tiie^rder pursued in parsing should be from the gemral to the particular, as in the WOKD. Class. Noun. Verb. Noun. Sub-Class. Inflexions. Syntax. KuLE OF Syntax. Boys lOTS ■orelty. Com. f Transitive, ( Kegular. Com. f riu., 3rd rers. < Mas. gond. Nom. (Cast. f Active Voice, i Ind. Mood, Pres. Tense, Plural 8rd (.Person. f Sing. 3rd Pers. ^Neut. gend. Obj. (Case. f The subject of ( the proposition. ( Agrees with its (subject, "Jiuys." ( Limits the ac- < tion expressed by (the verb "love." ( "The subject of a < proposition must bo ( n t le Nom. Case." ( "A verb must agree J with its subject In ( number and person." " A noun or pronoun used to limit the ac- tion of a Trans, verb, must be in the Obj. .Case." COUNCIL OP PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 68 AniTiiMETic— To be thoroughly acquainted with the following :— (1.) The Arithmeticon or Ball-frame, and its use in illustrating the fun- *^72'rA»"t»''« Arithmetical Tables in use in the North American Provincea, with their application to commercial Arithmetic. . . , . , j :„ (3 ) *. rithmetic to Reduction inclusive, with the principle myoved m Decimal Notation, and with the different methods of proof,-as laid down in the first and second parts of the advanced Nova Scotia Arithmetic. Writing-* To write a specimen of the penmanship used in setting copies of text hand and small hand, and to be able to give tolerable mstru(v tion in penmanship. Gfograpiiy-CI.) *To know well the Geography of Nova Scotia m*l!o answer general questions concerning the lines used on maps (3.) * To answer leading questions concerning the great natural divisions of the earth. History— To be well acquainted with the History of Nova Scotia. *1. To explain with some facility the subject matter of any common reading lesson. Female Candidates — Class II. ■LA^GUAGV^'.-Reading-To read a passage in prose, and another in verse with distinctness, tluency, and due attention to the punctuation. Spellhg-To spell correctly any ordinary sentence dictated 1*7 /^e Ex- amine s. 2. To know and exemplify the proper use ot capita leaers. 3 To know and exemplify the proper use of the period in punctuation. RKMAHK -Tho pa..ago dictated by the ExaminerB should be such as to bring out iu a single exerd^ the candidato'i^knowledge on tl.e.e points. Grammar-1* To have a thorough knowledge of the classification and inflexion of words. 2. To analyze any simple sentence. 3. ^^ P^^^ Lny oiary sentence, and apply the Rules of Syntax. (See form of pars- ine under Class III. ^ r -i» Composition.-l.* To correct simple examples of the wrong use of words. 2.* To write plain prose on a given subject. Matiiematics—To have a thorough knowledge of the fo"^^":^ =" Aritnmeac-l. The Ball-frame and its use. 2- All the Arithm^^^^^^^^^^ Tables u To explain the nature and advantages ot figurative an'ut^e and be well acquainted with the principal figures of speech. 66 COMMENTS AND REGDLATIOi.o OP THE MAxnEMATios : Arithmetic— The Bjill-frutne and ita use. 2.* To solve any account in Commercial Arithmetic. Algebra.*— To work an^ example, to the end of quadratic equations. Geometry*— To demonstrate any proposition in the first four books of Euclid. Practical Mathematics*— To be well versed in righi and oblique-ttngled Trigonometry, the Mensuration of Surfaces, and Land Surveying, as given in Chambers' series, or an ecpiivalent. Navigation. — To have a good knowledge of Navig;^tion. Natural Philosophy* — To have a tolerable knowledge of the elements of Natural Philosophy, especially of Mechanics. Writing. — Same as Female, Class I. BoOK-KEPU'iNG. — To understand Book-keeping by single entry. Geography. — 1.* To draw, from memory, an outline map of any of the Continents, with the mountain ranges and great rivers accurately marked. 2.* To ? ave a good knowledge of general geography, and a very complete knowledge of the subjects given in Female, Class /., Geog. *2. 3.* To un- derstand well the uses of the Terrestrial Globe. ^ History.*— To be well versed in the history of the British North Ame- rican Provinces and Great Britain, and to possess an accurate knowledge of the outlines of Universal History. Chemistry. — To be able to teach the leading principles of Agricultural Chemistry. 1.* To show what is meant by un abstract of a, lesson, and how pupils should be trained to write such abstracts. 2* To describe the speljing-les- Eons adapted to the first, second, and third divisions of a Common Scliool, and show how exercises in Dictation may be most expeditiously and effect- ively corrected. 3.* To draw up a Time-table for use in a miscellaneous school under given circumstances. Rrmauk — liy a time-tablo ia meant a scheme showing the allotment of time to each branch Uugbt m the School. COUNTY ACADEMIES. Head Master. Language : Reading. — Same as required of Male, Class I. 4. Spelling. — 1. To spell any word of fixed orthography and in common use that may be dictated by the Examiners. 2. To spell correctly tlu; writ- ten exercises embraced in this syllabus. English Grammar.—!.* To know the history of the English language. 2. To have a most intimate acquaintance with English Grammar in all its departments, especially the construction of sentences or Analysis. 3.* To be well skilled in the mechanism of English Prosody. 4. To punctuate correctly the examination papers. Cnmpoi (1.)* Th( style. (.'^ (4.)* Tlu 2.* To 3.* ms£2 , •'mmmMKm, COUNCIL OP PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. ol Cnmpos{Hnn.—h To answer any questions concerninrj the following: (l.)*The essential element, of a good style. (2.) * 'ii.e ^'f ^^^^ km^^ o^^ style. (3.)* The nature, use, and classifieatiou of figurative language. (4.)* The different kinds of Composition. 2.* To write a critical examination of a given passage. Mathematics.— To stand a satisfactory examination on the following:— 1.* Arithmetic; 2.* Algebra, Chambers or Greenhaf; 3.* The first six Books of Euclid ; 4.* Practical Mathematics, as given m 9«'»^'';*' ^[ ^^ equivalent; 5.* Solid and Spherical Geometry ; 6.* Navigauon ; 7.* Natural Philosophy and Astronomy. WuiTiNO. — Aa in Male, Class I. BooK-KEEPiNG—To be ablc to teach Book-keeping, both by double and single entr'-. GEOGRAPi.T.— 1. To possess a minute and comprehensive knowledge of Modern Geography,—* Mathematical, * Physical, and 1 olitical. KEMAUK.-Tho examination ou this branch mu«t embrace the uses of the terrostr.al Globe. 2. To have an accurate and extensive knowledge of Ancient Geography History.— To know accurately the following :— 1.* Full outlines of Universal History, and the leading events under each period. ^ 2.* Grecian and Roman History. ; 3.* History of Great Britain. M" detaU. 4 * History of British North American Provinces. ) Physiology.— To know the leading features of Animal and Vegetable Physiology. Chemistry.— * To have a tolerable knowledge of Chemistry-Inorganic and Organic— especially in its application to agriculture. Classics— To know well the Latin and Greek Grammars, and be able to translate and parse accurately any of the following :— 1. Za^m-cLir-* DeBello Gallico, Books I. "' "\'tt Tivv~S Book I., and *Ars Poetica; Virgil-iEneid, Books I. H. HI. ; Livy-Book I.; Cicero— DeAmicitia ; Tacitus— * Agricola. 2 Cree/l-.-Xenophon-^Anabasis, Books I. H. ; Memorabiha, Book I. . *Homei— Iliad, Books I. H.ni. Euripides— *Alcestis. 3. To answer questions in Latin and Greek Prosody, «n^.t^f^^^^^^^^^ correctness and expedition any of the preceding portions oi Virgil, Horace, and Homer. 4.* To translate English into Latin and Greek. 1 * Describe the steps necessary to secure the thorough organization of a Graded School, and the benefits flowing therefrom. tpnohin? 2.* Why should more importance be attached to the method of teaching than to the thing taught? . .ii.„.^„.:„p ^f tbp 3.* Write out notes of an oral lesson on any subject Uustrative ot the Science of Common Things. (Subject to be selected by the ^^^^^"^^"er:) 4.* In what ways may wholesome emulation be encouraged m exciting to diligence in study ? 58 COMMENTS AND REOOLATIONS OP THE lU EXAUINERS. 1. Thn answers returned to questions on ar.y subject marked with a star (*) in the pnM'edin;; exercises must be on paper. Tl.is does not preehido any oral answer.^ the Examiners may require of cai^didatea on any subject named in the; syllabus. Exumine rs «hall file and preserve the Examination papers, and forward them to the utiico of the Superintendent wheneve;' required. XIV. OF INSPECTORS. 1. A systematic inspection of schools is essential to their life and growth. By it a wide-spread educational spirit is begotten and maintained. If effi- ciently performed, local parties are made alive to their duty and interest, — especially Tru-st(!(\^, Teachers, and Scholars. 2. Different countries pursue different plans to bring about a thorough system of inspection. Some employ few Inspectors, having larg^ territories, and receiving large salaries ; others adopt a mode the reverse of this, — each seeking to operate according to its c ducational condition and external cir- cumstances. All, however, agree that a system of Inspection is indispens- ably necessary for the maintenance of an efficient system of education. The Law provides an Inspector for each county in the Province. The school moneys distributed to Teachers and Trustees will not be diminished, after the present term, to provide remuneration for the Inspectors. 3 The duties of Inspectors are enumerated in the Law. These duties are at once weighty and responsibl(% and demand for their faithful discharge sound attainments, both literary and professional. The finest points in all the branches of a common-school education, aa well as the end of education itself, and the fit means for attaining Iha^ end, require to be practically known and appreciated in order to determine with confidenre whether a school is well or ill taught, or to be able to point out any defect and suggest the proper remedy. These officers require, also, to be familiar with all matters of detail relative to school premises, school organization, classification, -appropriation of time, — in short, all that pertains to both the external a"d inttsrnal of the school. They should have, too, fuU command of their time, that they may be able to spend at least three hours in every school twice during the year. In a majority of counties, this would occupy five or six months, irrespective of the time that must be devoted to the other duties of the office. 4. Schof)ls competing for the superior school grant must, if necessary, be inspected twice each term, — once early in the term, and again toward its close. 5- Trustees, Teachers, and others, requiring information concerning edu- cational matters, should freely consult the Inspectors. •J nSi^^~.^.^-iU.=<-^:i-S!sL^. ^■-■J.^iA. COUNCIL OJ" POBUC iNBTRUCTlON. XV. OF COMMISSIONERS. 1 Facli T^ounl of ConuniHsioncrrt hoI4 iU Peini-annunl m<;«<'"g« '"^ Novembe u rMay. A chairma,. is d.^cled aru.ually at the Novemb^ mcctl" r S r>(1 'Piipsdiiv in (I II II II (t II li t> it ti (I « II II II II II II Victoria, gecond Tuesday in Houlh Inverness, second Tuesday in North Inverness, third Tuesday . Richmond, second Tuesday in AntiKonisb, second Tuesday in GuysborouKh, second Tr " in St. Mary, third Tuesday in North I'ictou, second Tuesday in South Pictou, second Thursday m Colchester, second Tuesday in Stirling, third Tuesday in Cumberland, second Tuesday in Piirrsborougb, third Tuesday in Halifax City, second Monday in Halifax West, second Friday in Halifax Rural, third Friday in Halifax Shore, third Tuesday in West Hants, second Tuesday in Tvst Hants, second Friday in Kini^s, second Tuesday in Annapolis West, second Tuesday in Annapolis East, second Friday m Dit;by. second Tuesday in Clare, second Friday in Yarmouth, f ' Tup^day in Argylc, secc 'Q . Shelburne, , esday in Harrington, 5;-^ --.a Friday in North Queens, second Tuesday in South Queens, second Friday in Chester, second Tuesday in New Dublin, third Tuesday m „ j „ fivoH f the Luncnbur.s the Friday comin- bcf ween the days fixed f.- tHe meetings of the Chester and Few Dublin Boards. 3 The following comprises the principal duties requiring the attention of the Commissioners at the semi-annual meetmgs : n \ -np Recvtion of the Inspector's Report for the rmn.— ii-aoh (1 .) Ihe Jicc.pmn j / (. ^i,,io„er3 upon the condif ton Inspeetor -^'^^^^^'^^^^^ contain specific and reliable of the entire district. r„,,/..c' Returns —In cc >nexion with this (2.) 2: 3 Examination of the Trustees Keturns. in e .^ eKamination, the Board should freely avad itself of the l.^peUors special II II It II u II II II II II II II II II II II