IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 1.1 ■tt Itt 1122 12.0 ■40 lli& ■ Iiiisii4u& < 6" ► Sdmoes Carporation ^ r 4. ^. 'V <«^ 23 WIST MAIN STMIT «VnSTm,N.Y. 14SM (71«)t72-4S03 ;\ ^ <> m CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHJVI/ICJVIH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Inatituta for Hiatorical Microraproductiona / Inatitut Canadian da microraproductiona hiatoriquaa Technical and BibllograpMc Notaa/Notaa tachnlquaa at Mbliographiquaa Tha Inatituta haa attamptod to obtain tha baat oriflinai copy availabia for fttming. 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Thia item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est film* au taux da riduction indiqu* ei'deeaoua. 10X 14X ItX 22X 2SX 30X J 12X ItX 2DX 2«X nx 32X TlW copy fHflMCl IMfS IMS bCMI to th« flcnaraaity of : Saminwry of QufbM Lftrary roproduood thonko L'OKomplalro fUmA fut roproduit ^loo A la g4n4roait« tf o: BibHotMoiM Tno inMQOo appoonnf hofo ofo tho nnaalhla nnnaidorinn IIm oondMon of tlio orlflinal oopy and in fllnNnfi oontfoot boot quality pluo dolo imofoo aiiivantoa ont 4tA roproduitoo ovoo io irand aoin, oompto tonu do io eondltlon ot notiotd do i'ONomploifO fRmA, ot on iti ovoo ioo oondMono du eontrot do Ofifjinol oopioo in pfintod dobhhuiiQ wnn nw iiinh ^wvr tho loot pogo with a printsd or •Ion, or tho book covor whon othor Oflglnol oopioo oro fNmod first pofpo with o printod or •Ion, ond ondlnfl on tho loot pogo or illuotrotod improosion. iHuotraiod iniproo* originoux dont Io eouvorturo on poplor oot I m pr im do •ont fiimdo on eommon^ont por io promior plot ot on tormlnont •oit por Io do ml iro pogo qid o o wporto uno omprolnto di mpr aa ri on ou dIMuotratlon. aolt por Io •oeond plot, •olon Io oaa. Tmia laa autroo mamplalraa orlglnoiM aont fHmda an eommon^^ont por Io p ro in iiro pogo qid eomporto uno omp r ol n to di m p r oaai on on dlNuotration ot on tormlnont por io dor n lAr o pogo qui oomporto uno toHo Tho loot rooofdod f^amo on oooh ndorofioho •hod eontain tha aymbol «-^ ( m oo n i n g "CON- TINUED"), or tho aymbol ▼ (mooning "WHO"). Un doo aymboloa aulvanta apparattra aur la d a m lira hna ga da ohaciuo mieroficho. aoion Io goo: io •ymbolo — ^ aignlfio "A SUIVRE". Io aymooia ▼ atgnma riiv . Mapa, plataa, charta, ata., may ba fitmad at d i ffai a n t raduotion ratioo. TImoo too lorgo to bo ontiroly inohidod in ono oxpoouro oro IPmod boglnning in tho uppor loft hond oomor, loft to right and top to bottom, oo mony roquiroda Tno following diograma Laa oartaa. pla nch oa. tobiaa u n, ate., pouvom Atro fibndo A doo taux da rAduetion d IffA i o n tt . luwaqua la doeumont oot trop grond pour Atro roproiduit on un aaul cMehA, H aat fHmA A partir da i'angia aupArlaur gauoha, da gaue ii a A ^oita. at da haut mt baa, an pranant la nombro dtmogoo n A c o aa a i to. Laa diagrammaa sulvanta Hluatrant ia mAthodo. 1 2 a TUX AXKBIOAM FALLS UY UOOVUQWt. ■■..«*t;r.> THE GREAT LAKES, N^ INLAM) SEAS' OF AMERICA; ■wnAomc ▲ wix naoBinioK or LAKES SUPERIOB, HURON; MIGHI6AN, ERIE, AITD ONTARIO; telYBBS ST. ICABY, ST. OLAIB, DETBOIT, KIAGARA, AND ST. LAWRBNOB: LAKE WINNIPEG, ETC.: voomm ?fm COMMERCE OF THE LAKES, iun» TRIPS THROUGH THJ OIYINO ▲ DEBOBIPTION Ot OIT, fOBlOHO ALTOonnnB FOB THB PLBASUBB TBAYELLBB'^ND BlCH ^*»^>#»#^»N^i*»^*^>»»^>^<^^^^^ COMPILED BY J./DISTTJBNELii.« ▲mHOB or THB **n- PREFACE^ In presenting to tbe Pabllo the present Tdlnme, entitled ** Tes Qumjlt Lakes, or * Inlaitd Sxas* of Amsbioa,*' embraong the Magnitude of the Lakesr— Commerce of the Lakes— Trip through the Lakes— Jlonte from Lake Superior to Lake Winnipeg — Tables of Distances, etc.* together with a Description of Niagara Falls and the St. Lawrence River, the Compiler wishes to return his sincere thanks fbr the liberal patronage and the many kind &vors receiyed from those who have doubly assisted him, by contributing reliiA>le and useful information in regard to the many interestbg localities in which the Great Valley of the Lakes and of the St. Lawrence abounds, affording altogether many new and interest- ing &cts of great importance to the Tourist, who may wish to visjit the Inland Seas of America for health or pleasure ; -the tour being one of the most healthy, picturesque, and wonderful— when viewed as a whole, from Lake Winnipeg to Lake Superior, and thence to the Gtdf of St. Lawrence— on the &ce of the globe. In the arrangement and compilation of this work every attempt has I been made to render the information it contains concise and truthfUL The Magnitude and also the Commerce of the Lakes are themes of great > interest, they now being whitened .by a large fleet of sail-vessels, in ad- [dition to the swift steamers and propellers which plough the waters ii--Hiiroii--8eadiudc7-»Toledo^ kc^ 68 BaUroadi Divewing firom Toledo— Perrysburgh, 69 Ifawee O^y— Monroe— Tfeaten, Aft—Borte Aioand Latee Biie^ 80 Ohio Mid Brie Oetoeli -Port Wayne, 61 Table of IMstanoee firom OleTeland and Detroit to Superior, 68 Pbtboit— Railroada, fto., 63 Detroit BiTor— lie la Perohe, * 64 DmoiT TO MiiiWAUKn— Inoreaae of Lake Oitlea, 66 Grand Bapida — Grand Haven, fto^ 66 Tbip fbom Dstboit to Maokihao, Ohioaqo, fta— Trip Aflvoaa Lake Michigan, . . 67 Aahley, Algontao— Newport— St COair, As., 68 Southerland— Port Huron— Fdrt Gratiot— Samia, ke^ 69 Boun JTBDM Sabmia to OoDBBlOH, fta— KinoBTdine— Saugeon, tO BODTI FBOM Pobt Hubov TO Saodtaw Crt— Beat Saginaw, ko, 71 Laki Hubov— Saginaw Bay— Tawaa Bay, Aa, 12 LowiB Pbhinbula of Michigan — Alpena^Duncan, Ac., . . * .'. 73 Old Madrinao — Grand Traverse CKty—>Mani8tee— Grand Haven, fto, 74 SraAMBOAT BOUTB FBOM DBTBOIT TO GbBBN BaY, &0., 76 Green Bay— {"ort Howard — Ooonto, Ae^ 7*6 ll'enomee (3ity — Penaaukee— Peihtigo— Gena, Ac., 77 C^BUK Bat to Fomd Du LAa— DePere — Eaukauna— Appleton— Neenah — Oahkoah, ftc, 77-78 Fond Du Lac — Meeting of the Waters, 79 PoBTB OF Lakb Miohioak. — Michigan City, Ao., 79 New Bnflhlo— St Joseph— Niles— South Haven:— HoUand, kc 80 CteiOAOO.— Railroad Routes, Ac, 80-81 Dis^noes from Chicago to Mackinac, Ac.,. . 82 Naval VBSBBLa on thb LAKxa— MiaaiMippi and Michigaii Canal,. . ^ 83 BOUTB FBOM GHXOAOO TO MAOKINAO AND SaUT SIB. MaBOI, 84 Waukesan — ^Kenosh»— Bacine — ^Milwaokee, t 86 Granai^ of Iowa, Minnesota and Wiscmsin, 86 . Sheyboygan — Manitouwcc — ^Kewaunee— Ahneepee, Ac., 87 Manitou IsUnds— Fox Ldands— Beaver Islanda— Strait of Mackinac, Ac. 88 HAOKiNAa— The. Town and Fortrep^. 89 Lover*8 Leap — Altitudes of Various Pointi, 90 Arched Rook— Sugar Loaf, Ac, ...« 91 Idand of Maokhiac, ...W-92 Bound Island— St Martin's Bay— Doint de Town— St Joseph's Island— , time Island, Ac 93 Nebish Island— Sugar Island— Lake George— Church's Landing, Ac, 94 i|r Mabt'8 BivxB— Description of 95 Baut Sts. Mabib— F6rt Brady, 96 ^t Mail's Ship Oanalr— Deacription'of. . . . ... . . . .... . . . .. . . ...:....; 97 OOMMA'fi* fii DUTAVOM fiOM OoLinrowooD TO Ekxn SM. lCABi»-Opening tnd Oloeing of Navigation,. ^ 98 OolliBgVMd-^FiahoriM, Aol, 99 QeosauN BAT«-GoLLnr«wooD to Saot Sn. Maba— PonttaiiguiflMDe, Aa,. . . . 100 Owon'a SouBd^-JjOBol/ Iiiaad 8Mith*t Baj— fiho-b^-WMuA-ikiiig, Ac, 101 MMi44ou-wah-iiiDg— utile Current— Braoa MiMea, Aa, 102 Tbip roox CkMxmawoop to Fon Wiuuif, a W., .108-105 Diitaooea Afound Lake Si^ierior) 106 GbaVD PUtAAinUi BXOITMIOII AiooiiB Laxb BonBuoi^ 106 Keweoaair Pdiat— Light Houaei, *(v, 107 White Fish Point— Point au 8aUe, 108 FieruBio Books— The Ohapel, Ae., 109-113 Lake Superior Regio n Grand Island— Muniafaig, Ao, 114 Bamabkabl* PHiMoiiniA— Monumental Roelc, llfr-116 Rise and Fall of the Waters of Lalce Superior, 117 llAHap Mii Iron Mountain, 118 Trout Fishing— Bay de Noquet and Marquette Railroad, Il9 Granite Island— Huron Isle*— L'Anoe^^-Portage'BntrT^Hottghton, ISO Portage jpslf e ' Hanooekt— Keweenaw Point, Ift^l Copper &rlMMN-Agate Harbor— lagle Harbor— BmIo River— pntonagon. . . 132 POpulatkMi of Ontonagon County— Lake Superior— 0»pper Mining Companies, 1^ La Points— Madeline Island, fS4 Bayfield— >Ashland — ^Twelve Apostles* Ldands, 13S Healthy Influence <^ Lake Superior,. . 12< Superior City— Table of Distance*— Fond du Lac^ •• 191. St Louis River— Portland— Clifkon — ^JBuchanan— Encampment— Beaver Bay— > Pigeon Bay and River,. \ 1|8 NoBTBSBN Shosb or Laxb Supbbiob— Isle Royale, IM Fisheries of Lake Superior— Trout Fishing, 190 Vessels Lost in the Lake Superior Trads^ , . Ill The Lakes— Land of the Free, Ac, 132 Tup AxoKf^ tbv Nobtb Sbou or Lakb Supbbiob, 183 T?4iuamenon Bay — ^Mainainse Pdnt — Mmitreal Island — Michiptooten Harbor, 188 Mkshipicoten Island— Cariboo Islokd— Otter Bay— ^te Island, ... 184 Copper Regions of Lake Si^rioi^-Korth Shore, 134 Fort William, C. W.— McKay's MountuiiH-Kaministiquai Bivei, 185 Thunder Bay— Pie Island— BlsfOk Bi^n— fieepigon Bsj— Island of Si Ignaee^ 186 PAimv. Borne IVoHi lAlte S«»erior to lAke WUkwOipwgm Dog Lake— Savan <« Prane PortaM, Ac, IIT Sevan River— Rainy Lake and River^-Oiake of the Woods,. 138 Winnipeg River— Lake Winnipeg, 188 Lakes in the Valley of the Saskatchewan— Red River of the North,. . . .„ ^ . 140 iteci Aiver oettiement, .....«..*•••.•...•.•.... .........^i.tt**ttit»tt* 14a Bistanoes from Fort William to Fort Alexander, Fort Cfany, Ac„«tt mi* •«• 1^ vMi. ooimvT0* * PARTV. V |Uaii>Mi4 MidlMattaikoal Bovtofkroai BMflMo to llteg«ra ITtil'fi TiTT^Mtir Ac ,,7,,,,, 148 W«torloo^%and UMid^-NATj bland— Ohippewa». ! . .* . ! ! .' '. .* .* .* *. .* .' .' ! ! 148 Vail* of KiaganH-DfunuaoBdifflto B a ttto cir Lun4j*i Lmm, 144 OUfVm—<)ii6«iialo»— Brook's Monumoat^ 145 Fort Gtorg*— Fort Viagara—Niafara Bivw, 146 Ckraad talaad— Tonawanda--8chloaier'a landii^^The Bapida Qoat Idand, 147 OoatldiadBridm— Bathldand, Aa,.... , 148 Niagara— Horsa-Shoe Fall, fto., ^ 149-160 Whirlpool and Rapids— YUlage of Niagara FaU»— Niagara Oi^, 161 Suspension Bridge and the Oateraot and Bapids of Niagara, 163-164 Bate of Ohargefl at Niagara Falls— Lewiston—Toungstown, 166-166 Boute Around Lake Ontario, ...- 166 Lake Ontario^ r. • 15T Fort Niagara— Mouth of Niagara Rirer,. 168 Steamboat Boute ttom Lewiston to Oswego, Kingston and Ogdensburgb,.. . .« 169 Steamboat Boute from Lewiston to Toronto^ Kingston, Montreal, fta,.. ^ 159 ▲Iphabetioal List of the Pilndpal ^orts on the areat Lake*— Siliation, Temneratura, Aa, , . . . 160-1 68 Bapids of the St Lawrence— Thousand Islands, 168 • PART VL A4TMtiteBieiita.— Olereland, Detroit and Lake Superior— Steamers Meteor andBlinds, 163 Steamers Northern Light, sad Oity of Oleyeland, * . 164 Steamer Traveler — ^Pleasure Ezoursions, 166 Steamer Iron 0it7— Detroit and Cleyeland line of Steamboats, 166 Ohioago Line ibr Lake Superioi^^Steamer Planet— Steamboat line for Mttwaukee, Ao., 167 North«m Transportation Company of Ohio, 168 Qfand Trunk line of Steamers, and Grand Trunk Railway, 169 Bufhio ttid Lake Huron Railway and Screw Steamers, 170 Amerioan Bxpresi Line — ^Lake Ontario and Birer St. I#twrenoe,. 171 Boyal Mail line from Toronto to Kingsyn, Offdensbtirgh and Montreal, 173 Bay Shove Boute from Green Bay to Ooonto, Sturgeon Bar, Ac, 173 Detroit and Milwaukee Bailroad and Steamship line, 173 Milwaukee, Prairie du Ghien, and St Paul Bailway line, 174 Gfeat Northwestern Boute from Ohioago to St. Paul, Green Bay and Lake Superior,.. 176 CNdena and Ohioago Union Bailroad, .., 176 mfaiois Oehtral Bailroad Boutes fttm Chicago to Cairo, Aa,.. 177 Neiw York Central Bailroad— People's line of Steamers, New York to Albany, 178 Chraat Western Baflway of Canada, 179 BoCHIb^ In (Sdeago^ Mackinac^ Saut Ste. Marie, Detroit, Aa, 180-187 ButUttB ADyWKnSMMMKTBt . .188-193 r fist fff CmkiUistntiifs* 1. FioimBPiiai— magurft lUIs bj Moonlight^ 5. Buff ALO Habbob, : 40 3. FiBBTlCovuimT— 01«Ttlaacl,OhiOk...! %% 4b DiTBon Habbob, 68 6. Obbbb Bat— Wisooofin, 96 6. GmoAao Habbob, 84 f. If ILWAUnB Eabbob, 85 & ISLABD Of llAOXDrAO^ 88 9. Abohbd Book— HmUiim^ 81 10. St. Mabt*8 BiTBB— Outlet of Like Saperior, 88 11. Sapt Sim .Mima From Amerioea Side, 98 13. PiOTUBBD Books— The Ghepel, 113 13. MoKUMBHT Book— Like Superior, 116 14. FuLLiNO A Oavob OP THB Bapids— KaminiftMiaolah BiTer, 138 16. Bbook*b Mohumbbt— Queeoftoii Heighti, 145 16. HoBBB^OB FALir-Niegan» 149 17. FoBT NiAOABA— Mouth of Niflgar* Bi^er, 168 [18. Obdab Bafido Si Lawrence Biver. 168 )i . * . TABLE OF BIST AHCE8, "" From Boston, Mew York, PhlladelpHIa and Baltlniore* to Bflaffttra Falls, BnlRilOy ClovolanC *g« MUea. 1. BOBTOV to Albany, via Western Railroad of Massadiusettfl, 20a Albany to Nfaoara Falls, via Kew York Central Railroad^ 306 — 506 KlAQABA Falls to Dbtboit, Mioh., via Great Western Railway of Canada,. 230—736 a. Kiw ToBK to Albany, vis iETtMiMm JT^twr /ZiaOrood, 145 Albany to fiurf alo, via New Torl^Ceniral Railroad, 298—443 3k Nbw YoBK to Buffalo, via iHe JSmZtooy,. 432 Buffalo to Glbvbland, Ohio, via. Lake shore Railroad, 183 — 616 4. Kbit Tobk to Habbisbub^, via Ni J. Centrai Railway, 182 Habbisbubo to PmsBUBQH, via Penneylvtmta Central J^Hroad, 249—431 Pitobuboh to CutVELAVtu, VIA Pittsburgh and Cleveland Railway, ..... .150—681 6. PHiLAi>BLttHiA to FiTTSBUBOB, Via Pennsylvania Central Railroad, 366 PiTCBBUBOH to Clbvblakd, via Pittsburgh and deodand Railroad, 160—606 6. PhiladBLphia to Elmiba, via Phihdelphia and Blmira Railway, 2)6 Elmiba to Buffalo, viai^ie Railway, 169—434 7. BALTtHOftB to HiBluSBUBO, via Northern Central Railway, 86 Habbxbbubg to Slioba, N. Y. " *' ** 171—356 Elhiba to Buffalo, via Erie Railway, 159—416 8. Baltdiobb to PiTTSBUROH, Via Penmsybfaniu Central RaHroad, 334 FiTTBBUBaH to Glbvbland, Ohio, via Pittsburgh and Cleveland Railroad,. 150—484 Olbvelano to DBtBOfr, Mich., via Steamboat Route, 120—604 Boston to Nbw YoBK, Railroad Route,., 236 Kbw Yobk to Philadblphla, Railroad Route, 90—326 Pbiladblphia to Baltdiobb, " " 98-^424 Baltdiobb to Washinqton, ** ** 40 — 464 RAILBOAD AHD STEAMBOAT WTTO, Fbox Nxw Tobk to Nllgaba Falls ahd Tobomto, 0. W., lAAYOfO Niw ToiK ▲T SB P. M. ST SlSAX^B. Statioofli eta liilei. Usual Time. E. ML NEW YORK Albajkt, (Steamer) U5 13 00 Schenectady, {BaOroad). 162 13 00 Utica> " 240 16 00 Rome, ** 254 16 30 Syracuse, " 293 18 00 ROOHISTBB, (iSL to Tbronto) 874 22 45 Lockport, {BaUroad) ........ 480 26 00 I^USPSNSIOM BBIDGI^ " 448 26 00 . txwtstov, ** 452 TORONTO, (Mf«» greallake of this immense chakt TUs latter lrite> agam, at an devaticB above the eea of 664 feet, 360 mUes lonft «! ntflii broad, and 304 feet at its greatest depth, Iwt, on an average, considerably le^ than IQO feet deep, discharges its simufe waters by the Niagara Biver and Falls, into Lake Ontario, 330 feet bdow; 61 feet of tills descent being in the rapids immediate^ aboTe the Falls, 160 feet at the Fi^ themselves, and the rest chiefly in tiie rapids between the FaQs itnd the moul^ of the river, 36 miles below Lake Bile. Tins is comparatively a shaHpw body 6f water; and the relieve depths Of the great series of lakes may be iUustrited by saying, that the suridus waters poured from the vast hasiiM ot Superior, Michi- fBOkf and Huron, flowacrossthe j^tfof Erie mto the»dc«p bowl of Ontario. . Lake Brie is reputed to be tilie only one of the series in which any current is perceptible. The fact, if it is one, is usually ascribed to its shallowness; but the vast volume of its outlet — ^the Niagara BiVer-— with its strong current, is a much more favorable cause than the small deptii of its water, which may be far more appropriately ad- duced as the reason why the navi|^OA is obstructed by ice much more than either of the other graai lakea. tAMM OimMO---THB«TASiM im !«■ LAUM. 4S The aMorteined tempenitim in tha iiiiA> die of Lake Brie, Avmutt^ 184S» WM tom- peratore of air 7fl* wrenhei^ aft nooiif— water at surfaoe YS"— at bottDOU 93*". EAke ajiUU*i«, Hhn/ifth ind laat of the Great Lakea of Atame^ i« elev»« ted 234 fbet above tide-water at Three Rivers on the 8t. lAwrespe; it ia 180 mUes loog, 60 milea hroiMl, 000 feet deafu Thus taiAisiiaoaedB B«Mi^ like fhakxska of a great oanal, tha whole tourfh of waters from Laka CNiperiof to the Golf of Ift. Lawreaoe being iMidered narigahie for Teasels of a lane olaaa hf meaa^ of the WeHand and ot Lawrenee canals-* thus enabling a loaM veaael to ascend or descend 000 feet «bov» the level of the ocean, or tide-water. Of these five great hikes, Lake Superior haa by fer the larg- est area^ and Lake Ojntario haa iSb» l^ast, having a surfeioe nj/lf aboirt (me^flflh of that of Lake Gktperior, and being some- what less in area tilfDi Lake Brie, although not much less, tf al^^in tStte circuit of its shores. Lake Ontario is the safest body of water* for |iavi|^tti(»i, and Lake Arie the most dangeronib ^e lakes c^ great- est hiterest to tha tourist or scdentifio traveler are Ontario^ Huram together with Georgian B|^ and North Channel, and Lake Superiw. The many picturesque lahunds and headhpds, together ¥fith the pure daric gteen waters of the Upper lahes^ ft ineroe u|>on these * Inland Saas,' whoap coasts are how Uned with fiouriahhic towns and dties ; whose watera are plowv dd with magnificent steamara, and hwid* r«ds of VessMS crowded with mwchandlaiil iBven the Americans thwnselves are l|0| fiitly awwre of the rising iniwrtwtca ^af thesegreat lakes, as connected wiUi tha Far west TBIBXTTABIES OF THE GBEAT I,A08 AHB 8T. LAWUVGI BIVEB. Unlike the tributaries of the Mississip- pi, the streams felling into the Great Lakes lor the St Lawrence River are mostly I rapid, and aavigpaila only fer » short dia- Itaaoa froos thafar maiithBk The foil* that are xm length: are the principal Rivera tof any copMidaBabia 10 XA«mTVfi« 0W fBM LAKM; 11 ' ^ LL BtLoolf Bim 1C^..|...' ..,. Superior to Ited da lie..; ..\|0 f^orNo«Mh,Wk..l , 0«H«Bi^toLikeWiBiiebtgo»..... H BMofS^lfidi .V. ...... St Jofl^toNlle8.......7..,..,., 16 g^»»^'» " ■•• Orand^TOQ^toOnad Bapidi. . . . . . 40 Jtottegon, •• ICudcegon to Newi^rgo. 40 ^meo,0]iio ..^MaumeoBa7toP«57gblM^..,.,.. la GraoM^ N.T....I ChMlotte to |UK!heit|^.. ,.:....!.... e TbufM.,*,, .., lAeStOtalrtoOliirtluUi $4 "WjW».. I*OhiiiatoOBriUoii.... ». 40 Bie pMMd by all luge ttMinen and aaU ▼MMlanuuiiaff Ikwi now tttmeiB twelTO feet of water, the «^p ajWhmmI Mag viimMiow it aad baojri to goide the mariaer. Like M to the Upper and windlai^ whore ataads a , ▲LTlTUDIS-r'AOlPOOBAPBT AWD IIXIS0B0I.0OT. ALvmmi 0F WAMUnmam oir ihb 91J?1SI0]L |«k«6a9«ter ^ OOOIbet l^oiiit Iroqttoi& BoaHi CSion 860 ** ChNW Oml 01 w., Nbrlli Shon tOO *' OnadSbl^ 8onlh8hon........ B4ft » »etan4IM{% ** SOO ^ Iran MouotafaiiL *< «60<* <)iilD^GQf^r IftaM, Portage Laks 650 ** Miatriott tie.: Porto WiUdna (Oqpper HarhorX Bmty, andlfaddnaa Wmo. theee obeerratkma it wpp69n that the mean annnali temper** tore of Port Biafy ia ibont one degree lower than that of Port WOkhu^ althongh the latter poet is neazlj e degree ftirther north. This diflbrenoe arises from the insular position of Keweenaw Poii^t, whioh is si^iinded on ttiree sldea bj The oUnato al Port Brady, dor* S ing the fdiole season, ootienoodi in • rvmalkidiie degree wiUi that of 8t PMsri- b0ig. The temperttme of the region if tary (kvocme to flie nowth of cntikC\ The anniial ratto of Air d^ff M Pci(i ^radyis 168; of doodj dsyi^ VV; na^ dnyivTl; inowy day% 41 ^* The te^meratoie of the ii«*er oir Xiilee Superior dfeinng the smnmer, * htbtmm t#a below the sinlhofiL is bnt n fi»rde- grees above the freesmg poUii In i^ western portion, the wg^ is nnMih oolaiir than in tbe eastern thesiirflipe flow be- oomhig wsrnier as it advimoes toward tbe ootlet The mirage Whi^liAednin^oe- Oiirs, is ooQSikmed by ^ mmam be> tween the tempenitiue of tl^ air itifltilie Xake. Great oKlieiiltleS are e^petf^noid ftona. this oanse in making aiitronomall observations. "AnrcHras, even in*midsiimmer, are of frequent ooonrrenoe, and exhibit e biiU liancy rarely observed in lower latitudes." — JMbt S WkHmnffB Bfrnt \ u llA«nTUDB OV VBS LAKBli THB mpm zjank <« "ivLAn sia," 07 AxmieA. I^ MpMllilioB •ppliM to.LtkM Hq- wm, Mkmgaii. wad Superior, iadudinf OtMB Bi^. hrinf wUhia the oonflneii of tke Vailed States, ead Georgtea Bay, wkkh liee eatirelT ia Ouiada. . Theie bodies of water embrace aa area hi about 96,000 square aiilea, aad, as a wiMile, are deserriag of the aaow of the *lKhM Bma,* being doeelx oonneeled by atNiti or water-oourse% nafigable for the largest class of steaners or sail vessels. The shores, atthoogh aot eleTated, are bold, and free from manh or swampj leads, p i e s enting one ciean range of coast fbr about 8,000 rnOes. Bf a late decision of the Supreme Court of the U. States, the Upper Lakes ' indnding Lake Erie, with thei| connect ing watersy were dedared to be »ea», com* mercially and legally. Conffreas, under m tills dedsion, is empowered to improve t^ harbors of the laKes and the oonnect- {bg straitSi precisely as it has power to do the sfme on the seaboard. This will probabiy lead to a vigorous poUcqr in the sMlatenance of Federal authority, both in hiiprorhig tiie harbors, aad msiking pro- Tision fbr the safety of oooameroe^ and promotion of life, as well as guarding agaihst fordgn invitsion. The ooliy focti- l^oiition of impottanoe that Is garrisoned is JFbrI Maekmaci guarding the passage tlffou^ the Straits of Mackinae. The idands of th^se lakes are numer> ous, pertiouhvly in the Strslts of MackinAO^ and in Oeoigiiin 9ay. retaining the saase bold and ^riifin i^pearance aa the main- iHBd: asbst of them are fertile aadsus- oejptiols of high cuttivation, although, as yet, but fow are inhabited to ear oonaid- The dark green waters of the Upper Lakes, when agitated by a storm, or the motion of a passing steemer, presents a Inilliancj pecuUar only to these tradk- parent water s t hey then assume the ad- mixture of white foam, with a lively green tinge, assumbg, a crystal-like appearance. In this pure water, the wAite /M, and other spedes of the flnny tribe, delighk to gambol, affording the sportsman snd epicurean untold pleasure, which is well described in the foUowiag poem: fER WHITE USE. Hkiibt B. Soboolobavt, in .his po^. **tHa Wmn FUB," saya: ** All Mends to good llTing by tnroen and dlik, Coneur Id •xtfutlof this prlnee of • flsh ; 80 JSne la s pUttor, so tempUnf • try. Bo ridi on n gridiron, so sweet In • pie : That even before It uie solmon mnstfUl, And that mighty Aomm^oimA^^ of the Isadw benver^s tnll. • e • TTIs » morsel aHke fbr tlto fonnMMd or tMter, While, white as • tablet <^ pore atoliasler t Its beanty or flavor no person can donbt. When seen In the water or tasted without; •. And all the dimnte that opinion ere makes Of thia king of kfce flshes, this *4«er ^Oe Begard notlta ehoieene ss to ponder or sop. Bat the best mode of dressing and servli« It «pk e e e • • Here too, ml|^t a fluurr to descant Incbned, Coatempl^* the love that peitaina to the kind, And bring np>the red man. In frndftil stralna, To prove ttS'CNatfon nom feminine bvaina^ • A traaslstlon of Ad-dtk'kttm-maig,}^ la* dian naaae for Uils flsh. t FMs "^ Indhw Tales and Legends^* fim OF fm trmn Lumt. it *'TIm Biiiiib«f% variBtiti» tm J[iiaUty of Un ilali ai* mntij of boUim. t is belitted fhak BO frMh watan kaowB oMi, in taj rMpeoky bear oonpariton. Th^ wsk witli ■one wtoe p ttom, of tha Mine kind in all the lakea. Thooe fovnd in Leku Superior and ftlie itraiti of St lla^ are of the beet ooalitj, owiBf lo the ooder tenperatnre of the water. Their qnantitiea are iiiipriaiaii^ aad amratlj 10 inexbaoatible, aa to wanant th« belief that'we^ apopwletioB of ailUoBa ta in- habit tiie lake ahore^.thef would ftumiah aa ample aapp^ of this article of food without eny aeaalble diminution. There are aeterel Unds found hi Lake Superkir, and aooM of the most delioioua qualUy, that are not found in the lakes below, aa the aiakowit and muokwaw, whioh grow to the weight of ei|^ or teh pounds. The eelmon and aonw others are found in Ontario^ but not above the lUls of IHaff- ara. "The foDowing ia a verj partial Hat of a few of the prominent Varietiee: the white flfh, Ifatwinart aiid aabnon-troat^ sturgeon, mnecelui^ Slskowit^ pkjkereL pike, perch, herrings white^ bwok^ and rock baas, cet, pouti Sel-pout^ buIMieed, roadvsttA>flsb, deoe, siieker, oerp^ nuiBet, bai-flah,8Word-ilsh, buU-flsh, stooe-oarriek', 8heepa*heed, gar, ke, "The lamprey-eel ia found in all, but tile oouunon «el ia found in ndtiiw of the lakes, nor in any of their trilNitafie% exoept one. Thewei^towhichseaa^Oftiiefle attahi ia not esoeeded 1^ the flib of a^y otiier inland fresh waters, exoept the llis^ sisrippi. • « • • "The fish seem to be more dimerous some years tiian othera, and likewiae of better ouahty. The kinda beat for niok- ling and export are the white fish, llack- inao and salflKm trou^ atnrgeon, and pickereL The ilslwriea ai meh theae are oanght are at Maririwac^ at aeverel MiSB In easli «f tim senthasst psit sf Lska Superior, Bay, Ssfiuair Bay, and Vsrt Oratlst Mar foot of Lake HuioB. TbesMriaf trite the brook tiuut^ which are fouud htgrn abundant fai the nmida atthaSaiiiate lIaria,andmastdloftiM taito the Upper Lakes^ amusement to hundreds of ersMU during the sununer and fall mouthy The modee of takfaur tfie diftrent kteda df flsh are in sefaies, dlp^nets, and tUlasi^ and the tiput wittk hooka. " Thoae engaged in eeSehfaig flsk hi tba fltraita of M a oki naet are comnoaed of . Amerieana, Iriah, Vrendi, heir breedpk and Indiana. Soiae are employed bf «» italiata, others haive their own beats M* nets. Bschoneisfor&ishedwittijkboal^ and from iUty to one hundred iiet% . ^« * %J \ , . « mm 'Wtm-vOm ■■Ml 117 wK9 INUMJ MOVoHMm^ teattf • 4iiitng»arM flf IfUiiMO tqMrt ■Hn, wkkb It »0M tiun oM-hrif «rite «Btif» MM ef Hm trtlldl StilM. Ite l^pftr IttMiMiypi TaDagr ii ooa y cwed of tra iMi foifeiin SSe3!^:::::::-.::::::::::^ • total off 191^ Hi BtvigaldA riven an m IbBvwi: , to OmooIs. MlMowi to BOMT tho Qm«I lUlt ... MM inMonrl, abore €hMt IMto to ThroolVrioi |M u r«iiow>itoB« , ....... ... >porMiMlMlpol,«>»t.1>MtI bidMiM«v,«oBMliItiiBlds kfnro littk IWio, to PoIimIim fUhi ot«,loPk(tfenoii*i Itapldt..... lt,toBtOrolxriaii in rtoLttMk nb toSltttkavilli.... 'its .|iBiiM«lh«la,toQmMvo(*laek'Wiit«iviIoolw) U ■ttlktoiiiiii. to IHf«sd«n •* 8 ** 100 OrMBitlTcrtoBowllBgGretfi'* 6 ** 180 vtoBrootoj^ « 4 • IIT ::::::::::::::::.: t •MdyCto^lMtfMl.. li l^iJMM^io iioiolo Mmlt, Oimbiriia4rto BukMfUlo. •••••••••o* i tro 8L087 ^Jffoti^-^B Ink i ib iiata Ite^ oMindta Iho !>•• IfBtaotto^llMMO OU]^ io«» Utw to I»w» '^ #oait Am omMMtlMtths Inlangid wfilirtioii «r «Im upwir MiigiMipd Vy g l ibaiit 9,<>90 nOM In ei^; M wulug ttM MBUBtr montibfi •feci iflucio/ilfk 1M mn.obiBiMlii it boOOB W f pfWiMloii% mA it timM ia waflttoiibr ■iiRMiid04. * "The IfiiM^Tallqrt ▼Awed m ft wftole, flMj be r^pwded ti one grittt pbia b etioe on two ^Bvwgliig ooMt imngoi^eli- vKted ftoM 400 10 m feet lAioTe Ike wiu fit. AMlfUbelMtd of flteiun1g«tloiiarilM VMMMIiiOOftetidbofeaie ooeMi} PIttelmrgli, ait llie Jnnetlon of the IConon- griiebi m AflegSMuij, foraiing the Ohk^ 090 feet; laliEe iiverlor oi the north, OOO feel; but liie wster-ihed on tike weeti at Simth I'iiB, fiaea lo tmrfy t»000 feet **It li tfsvefied 117^ no jnoimlihinHigeik boft the anliMe airdlla IntohUla and ridM and la dWenrtfled hy fdreat and pnmL iMifbm out the aterfte portkMii weat of the XlMonrt, the aofl la dmoat jaUttbniify fertile, eaailV cultiyated^ and ylcida an ibondaat morn, the obnate Ja healthy and faiTlgonitlDg, and IHqgether the vegion la the Bwat attti0ti:vt fer hnmigratkn of any portion of the earth.** Bf moini of n 5JI^ CUmdlf oonneoting wHh the IlHnoiaiaTer,tiie watera of the ]fl8ai8ai|i|l irffl be nnited irHh the watera ef lake ]ikhlgHi--^i)8 fevmlnt mi un- interrupted navMian fet nnnediMaaeli of a latfge daai mm the mitt of Ifezioo to the Wt of fit^iaiwrenoe, fefsdn^ ii hdand na v lg a lio i i of ibout 0,000 jafflea-^ nanxBg innHign toe apo'ivopioai .ana t^aipOriile aonea, whofi naitnvi Ja laiflah of her gim. |ba aomiaii «r^a WMriai^ on the | and rimti^ pteacnts a ^nfett of mibm^ eait intwi a ak irtll itheei of the fit Imp- iottkiaindettloaof " "^ ^ * ^ " '^ ^fMi ili aaaooialed lalm fSoBdetir. PHTUOAL OBAEAOfm %9 IMB ft. LAWBIVOI— DBVILOPMIVT* if •etlfiMtod at 886,900 Mnara ■II1& nd their ihore Unei Ive rMiff 8,000 bom in extent "These riTen are as diTene in ohiirao- terei in direction. The MMnimi ia the longer, but the 8t LnwreMe dhaUMiw the gr eat er ydnme of water; the one abounda in dUBoolt rapMi^ 11m etlMV la itupendona oataraota; the one ia aoljleot to great OoetnaClaiia, tfM oHier pmervia an almost unvMyinfr lord ; Iha waters of the one are turmd, ttioae of theotherpoa- sesa aa afanoaC erTStal pwity; the eae afforda few lalce^fce ezpanaiofia, liM t/Him sweQa into fast iiriand asai. Botk hav* hedome the great U|^waja of lied pgi laetB ef diataiil Pro|Mll«n Brlgt. gJ«»P« oifiadflabgraas^lf or tba ftOowi^ dasM:^ .... ft .... t5l .... U .... 16 ....1,068 ..r. If • i^Mt 4ia,oM oia,«T^Ma The following are the distiuieeB of aorae of tlie floms a fr rflial route% ^*^%g OUiOMa Mtka ialftidi Boial: • "• '"'■ Ohloi«o to IfMklMM (dlMet) ■ KdimI 4a £m I — -BottCTii. noc»iMr or BiTBU^nmf . The drat adoi^ ef AifliilleKtiaatiOB, planted hi the tenMoiT of tha Uffsr Mia- aissippi, waa in ItOa-N^aal aavaB^F^hna ▼eari ago— at ]Cariett% within tiia ppeaeol Uniita of Ohio. Thia wm tlM ei%f» of that apifit of oolonicatioa, widflli, withia 13m Ufetiiae of aiaaf livi^ mea^ has pea* pled this TCgiOB witk viae uilliQBa ef lui- maa beiiiga; haa anbdaed aad broaghit nnder odtiTatlon, aa area greater thaa that of att tike mdtifated laada of the Brit- ish Bmpire; haa oonneoted the prinofpal oommerelal points with a aet-wavt of rail- ways more maa elevMi thoaaaad nUlea te extent; and baa bafit up a dooMatia ki- diistiT, the vaiiie of wkoaesBBfoal piodaot ia ia exoeaa of tbree haadred aad filly niBioaBofdollara. Oat of fhia territory whiab «e iadiaaolablx Itotcail '*« yfi| ff a ai»ilaritT of utimditiiff ia aoff aad < BMie. aad bsr the aaesnaaidsalliMilniaaar tlie aoantry. Th^ ha«a alieadj iaaiilva§ ttM-appellatioa of Ihe "fooa-fiODVODiir Bt at e a a n appeOattaa wMl H^tif tm. daatJMd to lelaia Ibr all tiBMi ThariYin aad tba lalce% wUnli walMF ttda legioB, oiUff tha aaoak nMBltfond nalp, ^^'■•^ ^^a 'aaa^^»a aa^^a ^w^m^HwaapWi^^^^wap^^ a^^.aj^p.-s^i^^an^^^.. barrieta intMrpote to divide tba paofle ift> to hoatiOe daaa, or d^eri t^ great ooe- ranta of trade ia their low to toa mf^^ of thevofld. Wmt^mA msm^ iB^i^ aaa '^^aE^Bpvn^a^ a^^a^^^ppp v^pi^y^ ^au^^^; ■■^■ss^^^WPwa w^ir ^^■^^■i^pa ™ith ftbiiiwit bfwwtftnas flddi oif odaX MA9wvnmm ot nm lasm. cC IM MlAd OfML MM ttM PVMMMI BMllll^ MtfMiteaniMgiwIteiliil taAwUk ■urgy, H to tepoMllU ■ taifii to Mi^i Mttlli to lk*H(Ortli-wMl WhMi an ^ i>JlhfWtnliJ(ydtf i ioptd,thii»wtii te HI wWbltioq of huHn powor and iMh M BO oUmt poQplo onr al> Oo apa rhn tho wMo loptrflfllal flf **ia Anril, 18H I ^^ atatioBed at Gbioago bj tbe oraera of tbe QoTenn- ment^ aad obarged witb tbe direottoa of Uko barbw improveniento oa Lake Midi- igaa. Ib tbe latter part of Aoguat of uat year, I oauaed to be ereoled at tbe A LVWAM nOAL WATB. it •atorldi«ww4eilrMiMif flftlM Vortii hftrbor pier, a [wnMMBt I M a-g wg n for the purpofe of making itiif obttnrMoiii of the relafttre beklito and flnotaaHow of the lorlkce of Ihw lake. Tht poiilkNi thus choeei for the obttrfitkiM pt«||eelt into the Uke, estirelj kejond Hm MOiith of the Ohioefo Biter, and altofether oiil of the reaoh of taj telluenoe ftom Um riTer current, upon the flnotiMlioM of the tide-fMige. It WM ^ flyntiiattoiii of the bke iorfoot aloBe, fliet oonM aflbot the readiaga of the tMa>gaiM[e. "On the flrat di^ of fleptoaiber, 1M4 a oourie of obeerrationa waa oommeiioed on thii tideii;ao|e, and oontlnued at'leaat onoe a dajr, uBtU the Slat daj of Deoem- her, induaiTe, l$iB» During each of the flrat three wintera a portion of the daily obaorvationa waa loatt owing to the tide- gauge being fW»en faat in ita box, but thej oonatituted only a aoudl number in proportion to that embraced in the aeriea. During the aubaequent wintera artifioial meana were reaorted to^ to prevent thia freezing. "Theae obaerratiooa w«re inatitnted chiefly for Ae purpoae of aaoertainfaig with accuracy the amount of the minuM and also of the aecular''variatioB in tlie, elevation of the lake anrfooe, with a view to regulating the helghta of bnfiik-watora and pieia to be ereetod for the protection of veaael^ and for improTing the lake harbora.* After aaeriea of doae obaerfatkma from 1854 to 186^ laeut-OoloQal Oraham ob- aenres:-— " The diflbrence of eletitkm of the lake Bur&ce, between the perioda of Inner low and lunar high-water at the mean aprhig tides is here shown to be two hundred and fifty-four thousandths (.364) of a foot, and the time of high-water at the frill and ^, .. of tka MOB ii ahowttib ba tUrIf (TO) Bstnotea after the tiase of the bmob^ ** W& therefore, hi aooordanoe with M»> toai hi Ilka eaaaa» Indtoate aa thamMIM^ «Mnl fiMT the port of OhioagOk km. ilooli Uk "Although thia knowledga m^ lU of but email praotkal adrantiie to nnvi^ tore, yet It mi^ aarra aa a BMBMraBdmB of a phyaioal pbenoBsaBoa whoae eziat- enoe haa ganeraUy hemtofova besn aithar denied or doubted. «« We think it nrobabU that, If tha af^ foot of unflivorabie whida and all other estraneoua fiNToea whksh produce irregidar oa ciU at tona in the eleration of the hikt aurfoce could be frilly eliminated, a aen^ m which the ftirs wttirtf gathered at ths trading posts al Niagans ** In presenting to the pnMio our Annual »view of the Trade and CkMumeroe <^ iulfalo^ for the year 1863, it will not be appropriate to revert to the past to show the rise and progress, the extent and >wth of the commerce of the|e vast ^Inland Seas.' "When hi the year 16*79, the Chevalier le La SaUe obtained pwmiasion of the ^neca Indians to build a vessel at Oayuga 3reek, six miles above Niagara Balls, whteh launched in 1679, and was the ftrst moved with saib upon the waters Lake Brie, evoy portiped till twenty-fira yeara afterward, Tha first vessel bearing the Amerioan flag upon LiUce Bria waa tha akx^ Detroit, w savMity tons, whbh was puruiased ration of war in 1812, the whob number of vassals of aU deiioriptkms on these Idcas^ dkl not exceed twalva and these wara eaiployad either in the fhr trade, or hi traaspoitii^ to tha West such goods and OMrohandiae as were required for the ioattered population that had found their wiy there. A. few vessels were built dur- ing the war, but, probably, as many or man were destroyed. And during the thiaa years of its c a nt i nu amw^ as all emi- gratiea to tiw Westi if anyhad befora «> Isted, must have ceased, there cannot* be said to have been any commerce on the lakes. "In Hareh, 1791, CM. Thomaa ProetQi visited the Seneoas of Boffiik) Greek, and from him the first authentic notice ot Buf- ; falo is given. He mentions a storehouse kept by an Indian trader named Winnsy at Lake Brie. '*In June, 1795, a jNeneh noMemaa, named La Bodbefouoauld Lianoourt, visit* ed BuflUa and the neighborhig Indian vil> lagas. At this place there were then but few houses He.mentions an Inn when he wias obligelto if|eep on the floor in hii dotheaii ';'.>- ' "in JLiiMist, ItOB, Judge Porter, a^ compaaledtar Judah (k9$i went to Prsiqiie Isle, now Bne, throagll Buttdo. Ju^ Porter makes mention * that one Johnson, the British Indian interpre^r, Winne, the trader, and Middaugh, a Dutchman, with his fiunUy, lived at BullUa' The onlj road between BuSUoand Avon, in thi' year lljpt, was an Indian trail, and the only house sser, thenoe by portage te Lewistott, thenoe by water to OswMto aa4: up the Oawego River, 'through the Qneiw Lake and Wood Creek, and aoroas a short portage to the Mohaw]E Biver, thenoe 1>f that nver and around the portage of littli Falla to Schenectady— and thenoe 4»ver tbi arid pine plains to Albany.* The Isit Judge Townsend and George CMt, Ba^* came to Buifalo as traders, in 1811 by thii route, iHringing about twenty tons of me^ chaadise from Albany at a cost of fifty dollars a ton. At this time there wen less than one hundred dwellinga here^ sad tha population did not a^raeed flva buBp ■AiLT msroBt. \nL Thb monXti of Bnflio OfOt wm ien obstraotod bj * taad-ter, frtqveiitlj tfenting the entavnoe of mmU meMel^ id erea flrail Indian baric oaooet were luently shot out, and footmen walked BKMa ita mouth on diy Jand. Veaaeb len raoeiTed and d!«ohaifed their oarfoea i Bird Idand whari; neir Blaok Book. To remedy the obstruiotfiHiii in the ereek ^7 the eand-bar at ita outlet into the lake, was proposed, in the year Itll, to run i pier into the lake^ but nothing of moment ras done till the aprinf of 183d, when a pubsoription was raised, by the tiien Til* sra of BuflBdo^ amounting to $1,361. le late Hon, Samuel Wilkson waa the lator andpro^eetor of thia BMvement, temporary improTements were made fha preaant tim^ wiMm eompH) n*igmented by tho natural inc r e a se and hf immigration t» thirty millioiia» and BuiUo with ita im inhabitants in ISU, tl,QOO in I860, will have a pi^Hilation of three or four bun-, dred thousand b^iwe tiie present oei^ry Shan ban passed away. Within the liss- hioh oarried'away the obatruoting aandp I ita of th'>se lake Stateia, where, lean than In 1822 the ▼illcjpe in ita oorporate opacity paid John T. La^ for biailding n lud-scow for woridng hi the harbor $534. fhe first oorporate noUoe of the harbor made in the latter ye§r. Buflhio waa rporated as a Tifiage in April, 1813, id as a eity on SOth el April, 1831 "ICellsh says, *the popolatkm by the It census was 366, and it waa oomputed 1811 at 600, and ia rapidly inereaeing.' m 1825 the population waa 1,418; in L830, 8,868; in 1836, 16,661; m 1840, 18,213; In 1846, 89,973; in 1860, 48,261; 1860, 81,129; and at the and of the rear 1862 the population is estimated at »yer 100,000. In 181T the taxable prop- erty of the Tillage was $134>400, and on fhis Taluation an assessment of $400 waa le duriitf that year. The taluatioii of real and peraonsl property of the dty 1862 is $30,911,014; " The population and Taluatfon of prop- erty, the haibor and harbor impro?e- lents, the manufiMtures and oooRneroe, le oiuial, railway, and water oonneotiona t>y lake With other portions of the country, "le population and produotiona of the 'eat and Northwest, the large lake, canal, rafiway faeilitiea Ibr transportation «t forty years ago^ there were neitlijer oanala nor raUways, there are now 14^484 milea of railway, and 3,346 miles of navigablo canals, of which latter about 160 ssilea are da<^-water narigatkm. **The whole West and Nor^iweat ia IKNr traversed by net-work of lagways^ with important canal oonnectkms between the diilbrent Stetea, where there wna » sparsely populated, almost interminablo- forest or uninhabited oinirio. Jn tUn nmrdk of in^novement^ making more in^ tiawte th« aookd and oonuneireU relationa of ^ these widefy sepnoited sections of the country, the Kmpire State baa nobly led the way. The for>seeing mind of her hoaured eon, Qovemor O&rtoii, prq|ected tlM Brie Oanal, wt^ieh was completed in 1826, uniting the waters of the Hudson with the lakta. A brighter d^ then dawned upon the West^ the population WB8 rapidly augmented, whic^ waa aooa succeeded by bffgely increased agricultu- ral productions that^ve new life to com- merce. Tim era of railways waa oom- menced m about the year 1830. "With these kurgdy increased rafl fa* oilitiea, and the capMity of the New Yorit canals nearty quadrupled,.^ augmenting oomniOB OF nm %mkeb. I imMht 4to Ml titi htm Mih IW nniA* o reiw d |m>daeCloft. laiprorod CMiinrtii •f oomtiMf niettlioii, both 1i^ nA and wafttr^ liiMt b* made, to OMble tho produoor at tlM Wo8t to got hit i^m^kieti nowofaeof- Ij to BMfkot A QOttnlcy vmI ia oiteiil^ bordorinf npon ttif «pfor IfiwiMtpfil, tbo Obio, OmiboflMid,^ VtnnOMOf, ArinoMi^ Itod, oBdMiMoari rifoni tad tbair triba- tirie% and the Bod lifOr of tho Noith, tratereod b^ now than twoaty thonaand ttlloa of narigablo wateri^ wfll aooB bo domotf pooplod; new Btatoo to tho wool Of those already adaiittod wiS oonn kaodc ftv admieaioii iiito tho Union; the enponk bumUttt prodveta of aa aLmoet inezhaoit* ibio feitiMty wiU bo pooriaf over flio lafcee and H&Whyt, and through tiie rlTora and oanaiii inpartintf aOtivi^ to Irade, giting strength and titd energf to tho laife- angawntinff ootiutteroe of tiio West B the star ofompire westward wends its waj, widening tho distanoe fW«i tho great sea-board marts of trade, the prospeotiTo wants and kiereased prodootieM of sooses of BiilUons Of peevilo Wfll tiam nooessitar ofeate cheaper and more ozpeditiotts IhoiL ities for tho transportatioB of their snrpiiis pfoducts to maifeet There is no ooimtry on the foee of the i^obo that has soniaivr naiaral adtantegos for alatgo and extend- ed internal trade a»ttMi c^st West and Northwest. <*Tho ifiwait basitt oast of tho Bockj Mooktains is drained by tho Mississippi and Missouri RiTors and their tribatariea, and their waters find an outlot in tiio GKdf of Mezioa The groat hOEes, haying an aioa equal to one twenty-fifth part or the Atlentie Ooeanf are drahied br tho riTor St Lawrence, and find an onttet in the Gulf of St Lawrenoe. The oonstiruo- tioB of a few miles of canal makes a nar- iip^ile oonneetion from tho ocean to tho great chain of lakes. These natnral ad- ▼ahtages haye been improved to some vxr tent in the United Statoi by tho 'tai or ft oaail mmnmh Hm^ Sftato •tjtmr\ Tofk, that fow km a prism Ibrfy-flve Ai| at the bottom and seventy foot at thetpn with seven feet of water, with lodts pi feet » kMhea wide by 100 feet hmi There is also • canal one hmidrod m&|| kmf oonneetipig the DUnois river w^j lake Miobifin at Chieago, and dadc wot«| navigation osnnert CaasL By ea> laiging the IlKnois and Michigan oaml ana improving tiie nsrigation of flio Iffi* nois riv^i and improving and completiBg tho shMsfc water navigatioik dt wa fpii river in ^Hsoonsin, connecting Green mf with the Mississippi river, and slQl tat- ther eidaxging the main trunk of the liTew York oairnls,, steamers could be paiwei from New York or the Gulf of St Law* reace, either through the ^anals of New Y(wk or Oaaada into the great lakes, and tinm thenoe to the head waters of tbi 8ao*katoh'«-wan, tho Missouri, tbe Yetiow Stone river% being sobm 6,000 to 0,000 "u'l^^?*^ nwnr mmmm>m w in/ntm ffiam. iiilM. TtefltiMl proimA ^ ^ Mill*. bffdering m taA tifiralMy to tile mm iTM fl67^9(^tVt ftiMlMla is &§«»{ 484- 882^661 boilNlff In IW, ngshlik 838^88),- 889 bwlMls In 1884ii»40<4i»»i^ woaU M 4niwB thfoorii li*1akMMidriT«nbjr«lifripMii/ Ofwt trvtb of tho loport tlwr mo now pof- Iboftr liliited. % oMM of IhitlNMit •10 md up in B noili oonTiniont» and oltgwti^; Ad Hm MMBor iniAhl ■te fai IbQnd. dBOf iNMi toUM y i iigig toMaadW nor ooriuMmdir. A bolwoon ate pitoo and Ba0Uo it iiownik I ■ON^ t o lo w bto ^ bat Iraty pItMint. 9^ ! doy Ao wffl inODa » trip to Lifco 8t (Siiil with a kffgo por^of lidiei «nd g ot m i > nan. Slio will laa?o fsr Bnfldo to^aM^ fow, and maj bo oipootad to fi«il nj again nozt #aok.** \ CoBiiBerce of BvilMo.^1869. ■iniMAlT fOB TBI TBAlL TIm UoUaetor of Onatooit for BqM> haa l^pmialia^ fb* foOowinf atateiaant, ihowing tho arrivals and oaaraaoaa of AoMriDaB and IV>reigB Toaada to and ftom Canadian porta; alao^ the airiTala and oloaraooaa of AnarioHl ¥088018 to and froBiAnierioan porta; tho tonnage of »; and the nomber of men employed: AnMfktii ▼•Mwb: SataNd, lit quarter. , » *l •* . " Id ♦* . • 4tk •» . Ho. Trai Qwv. 810 aSMOb 4,t88 we si«,806 t^ Ml MMII MM lac aiiarursaa*** •••• ••«• ••*• Id •* HI ifl^iN 1,011 Id •* .*.... m MAM i/w dill •* 145 ii^iei 711 >«tl— rttr •d 4tb u Iftqwrtar .. Id, •* Id * HI iM,iii dtiM S iS^ ijS 8U INJDM l^lfT "•■» W»»» ■»••- Ml 11^ MT Ml IMift IfMM IM l^flS m AiiMrfaaaT«w«li«atei«d. 1,111 MM^ IMN PortiniTMMUeBtaNd... Ml O^ltl aHij OomAv veMdi aatand.. 1^185 1tiOII,Mt Mpi j To<«l«atowd»rt>a7W. l[iir i.|M^15i'Spj AactioMi TMMb dMurdl. 1,111 MH^Ml 11^ \ IWHnvMMtoolMnMl... iW 11,1111^1 OiMMHV«M0l««l«tt«d.. MM 1,088^11 iQil 1V>tal «lMMd fsr tlw yMf. 8.181 t^SHMiir 1Q£ ] >>•■••• • • 4 ii,fln »«ass8 HMm ^21 > Ooartlag reMda: tBti«(id,ltt( Id ** ii»> Bi,«?« 11,18* • M •* •••— vc^ mm 11,118 «* 4th ^ Mil ATMM 1T,7M ^aMMd.l|t " ...... 4 i[l^ Ti M - l,ll» 86T4« IMH S& ChwidTatd, IMI. «* 1881. <* 1880. ** 1881. •• 1888 8i818 ** 181! 7,661 liim:!!! ^t * 18(8. 8,118 1^018^881 Ur~ ** 1880 f^ni Mipi 111 •• 1861........ 1,441 ipM«Vllpli Ufaited miitii iaA Ckitidfam Tot- lUlfl. The following statementa from than* port of liheSeoiotary of Oio Boaidof loki ITnderwritera for 1862, wilil ahowihe «»• nago, Talno^ and daaa of Toaaehi narigti- faig tike Kortikwoatera Lalsaa hi 1861 aai 1 186S»TiB.: , nomi jum ■mmam KiwtliwMlMa LsluM, m4 Um rlvw St. taw- .BteuMn 14t M.Mi IMMiMO rnMiten Mt mjm. ^jSuSSi Buii M flint CILSUO Brffi M ttlsn 601,100 8«lMNMMn tot IHflM U4M0O 8fc»P«... 1» !,«• u5K Toftali 1^ S8M8» tlM0i«4M v»tei« ........ i,Mi 4ia,fit iia^iiii lacMMita Nmbcr viftmH . InarcM* la toM tevalite 141 turn Bnrlinfl LakM^M. Yennoiit Oluunpl«in. . . . II II M II II II M St Lftwrwioo BiT«r. . -11 Ontario M •I II iffton. lOiamplaiik..... .... New Tork OswMmtchto [Gape Yinoeiit SiCicet.'a fiaroor. ... [Oswego ;..... Qenoaea ........... Niagara..... IBqAiIo jDunklric FNiqua Ida (Brie) . . Pemu^lTania Oa)ralioga(C3«T^aiifl) OhW...' Sandtisky «* ., IMedo *• petroit Midi^itti I>etnritBiTer ' Michilimacikinao .... " Huron...... -,„ ^ minola..... llioiiMNui. . . Milwattkea V iaoonsin " ,.., lOnnaaota Sapeiior ..! I BzBiBRiira na TonrMia ^TM* MMmlZoMiNilrMf <• Aa OMM OMti, m tumpi JlMM^nit, TMdTMUMm. 1,191 11 Y,S3S fiS 0,298 t« 818 88 S8,88S 41 8,981 84 1U48 Brie 108,188 80 48U88 11 II II II II ••••*•■•■.*. ....... Total Toonago, 7,888 08 88,818 8t 16,860 88 6,888 Y8 88,881 88 4,987 68 86,9^ 88 89«048 18 $680^468 88 tLOlTE An QKADT. tLOTTB AHD OBAIK TRADB OF PIF9BBBNT OITZBS COMPABBDi , Tha i mportaaca of BulBdo aa a gnun i grain tradi of Lako dUaa wi^ iafwil of IJWiwing port, win ho ahown by tha fU- & grain portaofBonvo: wwmg oomparatifo atetamei^ of tiwf , '^ f f tmm vSm uSm iiMnvtMk mm m^Im i^JSSbs umm tymm u,wim iB^MUN tMSsai £44% i^iM.811 mm;ms J glg e^ filiS tlm tmmtu ti,8Hiii 4i^tTiMm iMUMM 608,907 wuwAjmMa, ^^ tm, mL iSIS "^ %s t^mpm KifiTt.oM ii,ni^ ii^oMii I8M1 len. istt ISl^SM 11«,0B6 MB^ ft ut^SM isrliiei VMrifMla..... 11.110,600 1«^486^ 1«,8T8,91T Dinoir. ~~~ I8CL looii iioanMit mxn imm yH$jn§ WlMift.bttih.... 1,8Q»,0M 1,800411 >.' " ?«.::::: m *«» '-asi tMilgnia MiMM 1^007,^18 Mtt^ fl«w,Mli. iSjIO ^J8il» JnSii WbtittaA. Cora,Muh .. • • • • 1 ih..{. • • • • y 8SS8 o^ im/m irbMt,biiill.... &041,100 .10n«40T oora,biuh ..... tjuim ^oio,ooa Mnr, bub.... 11^000 10,004 JKytibaah...... 07,707 01400 TotalgnlB ltOll,000 1MT44M lOi^M l1o«r,bbto lOOOi 00,040 loot. 06(409 ^KOIO 104.411 40iON 000^ 70;000 OT.O0O 0^ ._ %}ii SS8 "^ WbMtbuib.... Ootiktbtirik ..... OtUiboiA...... BtriMTf b Mb .... tift bOfh f . . . . . TotalgnlB... 41M07 401,007 fiOO^W Bvauiuuir of Eeo6ipt% ISttl. floor, bblt. GntiLbiMl. fiSfe-;:::::::::::::;: 5^ «» MliwMkee 600^ 1M 0001080 HSIM QtfYioM^ ^155 pSP' Th« grain tftAt of ttM grtit Wwt ni. Northwtit ii 7«4 is tti infim^. Btwt 7t»r the Dopauliai ii MigiiMiilod hy tait« ffratton Rom tte iMtom mm! Miildto StalM M well M ftom BoropSi TIm ttaong ami of ttum&a «• brmginff on- ior eoltif Mdli Hit broad pnltiit tma imloh tiM indnatrioQi and oi rt onig Mtef aofeUtrs aoallorbcoad»K»8(thoia«4lDW ratannd to ihoBi again in i^aUi of wvfiig grain, from which wQl bo lOMod tbovft* tUtalhanrort. Xaq^orti of Ireadftofli into Qrgat Britain. Ibo foDowing fron tho Londtm Thmt win ahow tho imports of breadatoflb Into Otaat Britain for tho ytara 1860^ 1861, and 1882, ending I>eoembOr Slat in eacfli yOM^ ?ia.: ' 1880. 188L 1888. Wheat, moor, lioal, owt 8,188^188 8,881,896 9^14,811 Wheal)qr8.of8ba8h 8^808,196 8,988,844 8,841,888 Com, " ** 1,886,894 8,108,696 8,761,888 Oats, «* ** 8,808,880 1,876,614 1,822,819 .Barlej, <' ** 2,122,018 1,407,601 1,868,888 B70» •* ** 98,898 64,148 1,894 Peaa, ** «• 817,648 402,988 280,182 BtNkwhoat, *• <* » .... 714 .5,148 Beam, •« " 440,880 684|477 4^3;;68 TotalQfain,qr8.8boBh 18,044»471 14^77,780 16,498;968 Ibe Thnea laja: **Tlio aoeoonta h«vo now been made up of the qnantitiea of grain and floor imported into Great Bri* tain on the last year and pieoedinff yean ■inoe tiie introduotibn of free trade, and the resuh ia remarkable, ahowing an ex- traordinarr inoreaae daring the paat year. Taking wheal and flont alone, we And that the bwest year ra 1886, when! the quantity "Of wheat imported into Great Britain was only 46,630 quarters, and of flour 84,684 owt, while hi 1862, no less than 9,541,362 quartera of wlwat, and 7,814^317 dwt of flour were imported into the various ports of the oountry." The inorease in 1862 oyer 1861 is 982,- 942 owt. of floor, and 2,676,618 quarters )f wheat There ia a daoreaio on Indian Mm of 866^880 q^Mrtira. rniinniTTO— FHH. In the flondnaky bay, in the MimW88 bay and JCaumee rirer, in the Msmf bay, Ui the Detroit river, in the fit CNtf river and rapids, in Lake Horoo, mm Soron to Point anx Barques^ ii| tlie An Sable river, in Thunder bay abovo AH Sable river, including Sugar Idaad^ ki Saginaw bay and river, m Tewae bay, between Thunder bay and Mackinac, in- dnding Bammond^s bay, in and about Maekinao a* Beaver Island md tta snr» nrandings, between the Do Tour and ^ Saolt, Mong the Bastem shoif* of lake Ifiohigan, m Green bay, in Wiaoonahi and Mim 1846 to 1^63, inclusive, and the canal exports 9rom 1848 to 1862, inolttsive: Laxb iMPom. 1648 10.78i^ 184T 8.800,000 1848 a081,000 1848 14,18^801 18M 18,808,880 1861 10,888^008 1868 18,998,814 1888 9,91^940 1804 16,484,604 1866 18,491^ 1808 1^664^088 1807 98,094,918 1868 16,119,019 1888 98,977,098 1888 99,807,889 1881 90^998,978 1889 80,410,968 \ 18J1I 91,490v808 88,88^88 fl8,87«.808 88,008^000 79,887,890 88.884,008 87,407,008 79,098,861 80,684,819 88,988,818 87,068478 111,019,448 111,084,488 68,088,718 196,988,971 00PPB2-LAXS SirPSRIOS., The C3opper Mhies of Lake Superior were first brought hito public notice in 1845, when speculation was rifb in all that spur of the Porcupine Mounti^s on the south shore of Superior, eztendhig far into the lake, havinjr fpit its base a lin^ drawn across L'Anse Bay to Ontonagon. This was then the Nortl^eni El Dorado. Id this year operations were commenced at the Minnesota mine, which is about fifteen miles back of Ontonagon. The first large mass of native copper, weighing a&>nt seven t(ms, was found in a pit dug by the original lords of the soi]|. It ik now (mly fourteen years rince this mine was opened. Attbattimetherapkta in the Sault St Marie prevented the pas* sage of vessels from the lower lakes, uid the adventurers thUt sought out this new El Dorado, had many obstacles to over- come. The country was then covered by a vast wilderness, without inhabitants, ex- cepting a few Indians. All supidies were brought from the lower lakes, and then had to be parsed over the Portage at St Maiy, and thenoe carried in frail vessels coasting to the westwMd, hundreds of miles to the cop- per regions, and then carried on the Wdc OOFMK— I.ASB 8UPIKIOR. of Ban and bMMt to tbt ro p p owd dImm of tbe oopper doposit Bfery fttrolce of the pick was nuidt at « ooat tea-fold more thaa in populated districts, every disaster delajed operations tot weelcs and OTen months. The opening of the St Ifarj canal, in 1858, has produced » wondrous change la aU tiuB wilderness region. The onlj set- tlements on the south shore of the lake, st the present time, are Marquette, Port- age Lake, Ontonagon, Oopper Harbor, &gle Harbor, Eagle Hirer, and the ad- jacent mine8--all else is a Tast wilderness, without sign of human habitation. The Oopper region is divided into the three distrfots of Ontonagon, Keweenaw Point, and Portage Lake. Since 1845, 120 Oopper Mining Oompanies have been organ- ized under tM General Law of Miohimn; more than six millions of dollars Have been expended in explorations and minii^ improTcments. The Minnesota and Oliff mines have declared, and paid over two millions of declare individmids since the organisation and working of these cimi- panies. « Until 1860 all the Oopper of the Lake Superior mines was smelted at Detroit, Oleveland, and Boston. Shice which time a Boston company have erdited smelting works at P6rtage, Lake SnpericMr, while some Oopper Ore has been shipped to Liverport^EeLae...l,68&l 8.0616 ^•^SS-S 4,98a9* (hitoiMgon . OwpLAe.. ....S«OiT.S * • • • ff,tfl6.7 M747 9k706Ll 11 goadry Mines.. 7.6 % The Oopper product of Lake Superior, although smaU when o(Hnpared with the product in QreA Britain, has, itince 1846, w;hen the mines were flnt workedt grovm into a trade of large proportions,,, the ag- gregate value of product from 1846 to 1862, indusive, being about $21,941,300. OOMMaBOl OV ftai LAEM. XEOV 0(U AVB nOV— LAXB BtTFlBIOR. TIm 0OBiiMliiif of th* wMtn of LiIm Svptrior with th» waters of Laka Hvron, 1^ th» ooBiilnioUoii of • ohlp oanal throo- fcnrtlM of » nOo la Itafth, atoiuiA IIm npidi in tho 8miH 81. lUrj rlTor. with pnam sod loolct of rafiieioot «a|iMitgr fcr gating the lakoe, oompMod Tory iooii af- ter the dieooTovy and working t^the Ikmi minoi, haa opened an alrealj eztenai?e oonuaeroe in mm ore, and pig-iron naan- AMturednear the minea. wUcu are iizteen to eighteen mOea from Karanette. These mines are about seren honored feet abo?e the lefel of the lake, and are «pnneoted with Marqo:«ite by a railroad. To show the nae and progressi(m of this trade, we give below an interesting B tat s mo nt from the Marqoette Jommal of Janoiiy 18, 1868: HON PBODVor or tbb lmmm supibiob — «HiPianmi ot now owl bmiOtii ... 4,49T ...18,919 ...1M04 ...lQ,(Mt ...41,S8S ...18J1S ...4^ST Total CSrrvluA bMOtb iMt 19.M1 80,844 48,«MI 70111 80;i44 88,016 t&aoo 8T,Tie Total GtOMTOBI. 1,447 11,687 M,184 81,085 6^«79 11«,9»8 4^480 UA,791 dOpped to dsto 414,081 iMaOik ttOS.... 1,887 1888.... 4,088 pBODuon Of no*iBov. OtUlM iHMlO*. • • • • MOO 8,000 MOT fMMl Nordwm boBOkii ^mOdi.* .... 8,480 8,809 180 900 y*iM lb. to*. •iooo 88 00 SB 00 98 00 88 80 ISOAnrULATIOV. 1868 TSr "T^. 814,418 1868 110»7 .... 88.m 1887 98,184 .... 908^78 1868 81,085 1,887 818,988 1868 46^818 7,968 Wmm 1880 114^998 &440 188,488 1881 46^480 7,970 410,488 1888 11^791 9!jm 881^ It will be seen from this stateBBent thai the sblpuMnts of iron ore in 1883 were 115,781 tons against 1,447 tons in 1885; and 8,898 tons of pig-iron in 1883, against l,83t t(As in 1858. Marquette is the only pofart on Lake Soperior where iopon mtnea have been opened, allhoogh tiiwe are Iron deooeits in the Bwontains baok of L' Ansa. Aboot eighteen miles from Momiette are tbs ihrn momUaiiti named the Lake Superioir, the Jaokson, the Bart, tike OoUhiB, the Bar* low, and the Oleyeland, while eight miles ftirther baok are the St Ohdr and Ely moontains. Only three of these are at present worked, the Jackson, the CSeve* land, and th^Lake Superior, but tfaese alone contain enough iroii to suroly the world tof many generations. Still fUrthw back from the lake rise mountahis to eight hundred feet high, oo^ring sfMny hundreds of acres, which, H is beUem from ezfAorations already made, are sdM iron ore. There are now in operatimi at Marquette three iron mining companies, and two blast Aimaoes, the Fionaer aad Oollins, fi>7 making charcoal pig-iron. The Oollias baa one stack, and oan turn out about eleven tons of p%>iron daily ; the Pioneer has two staeks, with a oapacitf fbr the manufactute of about twenty tons da^y. About three miles to the south of Marquette, at Oe mouth of the Ohooolats BiTer, the Noithem Ireii Ooapaaj lunrt nunr obb avd laoi^— ialt. it quit* rsmntlj bnfll ft Urgt UtuBiBoiii ooftl AirDftO*. The qmtiity of tht Itin Bnptrlor Inb ii oonoeded, hj all who htTo giTW M » triid^ to be mperior to tmr iron in the, world, M ii ihowQ hj the fbUowiag Analysis bj Pntfl JduuMB, glTinff the strength per aqunre inoh in pouada: MUborT.Cooii., Imm. M,000 BwadUhibett) fia4M loitHsbOiibla Ba,106 C«ntM Owantjr.Pft M,4M KMftxyOoaoty, N«w York. OtJM$ LaadMtar O an^, P»BB Ta,Oia Common Eof lUh uid AmwrlcMi 80,000 Lftke Saperior mjom Large quantitiea of iron ore are talcen from Marquette, ICioh., to Detroit, dere- land, Brie, ana Huron, while aereral thousand tons have annuaUj been iMrought to BuflUo for amoMng, or to paaa through the Erie, Seneoa, and Gheanmg Oanals to amalgamate with the iron orea of Penn* sylvani% for the BttinflMture of pig-iron. Two extensiTe eatablishmenta have been already erected in BnflUo^ which can smelt annuaUj ftom flfteen to twenty tk sand tons of ore into pig ir'\ imt a.TW ». 18«1 8,008 /8 18« 10,084 i> 1,088 1,018 SAX ..»*tTp"' In the year 1860^ there were mannfeo* tured in the eight following naaed Statea 11,190,963 bnaheia of salt, of which tbiva were produced 80,900 in Masaachnaetts^ 1,681,886 buahels in New Tork ; 804^800 bushels in Pennaylvania, 1,744^240 tuah- ela in Ohkk, 8,068,618 boahela in VlrgiBi^ 80,666 baahela in Kentucky, 180,000 buahels in Texaa, and 44,000 boahala in California, valued at $8,866,808. The diaoovary of aaUnea in Miehig8B» at SagiuAW and vicinity, in 1869, will aoon add largely to the aalt pnkhiqt The Bast Saginaw Salt Oonpany, with a oapi* tal of fSty tiiottsand doUara, waa oigani- aed in April, 1869, and operationa weft comkienoed about the first of Mav in that year, when fh^ commanr^ ainking n wdl, which well waa completed to the depth of 690 feet about tiie flrat of ITOb. mary, 1860. Immediately after the com* pletion of thia well, amall quantitiea of aalt were produced in A tenqwrwrv ar- rangement^ with three or four ordmarj kettlea, but the manufacture of sidt aa A busineas, was not in ftill operation till July, 1860, when a \Aock of tity kettlea waa completed. Thia company haa six Uocka of kettlea in opmition, beaidea 600 88 COMMEROB OF THK LAKIflU Bolar vats. There are now M' operation 63 bkxsks of kettlea, in addition to which forty-seven firms and companies have been organized, and many of them have wells completed, or nearly completed, and will soon have many admtional works. The works ah'eady in operation are oapabU* of producing 870,626 bbls. an- nually; and before the first of September next, the works being constructed wOl augment the capacity to one and a quarter miUions of barrels annually. The manufacture of salt from the salines of the Onondaga Salt Springs was commenced as early as the year 1797, which is the date of the first leases of lots, and during that year 26,474 bushels of salt were manufactured. Pasjijpg over a period of ten years, to 1807, m which year there were manufactured 166,448 bushels; in 1817, 448,666 bushels; hi 1827, 983,410 bushels; in 1837, 2,161,287 bushels; hi 1847, 3,961,351 bushels ; in 1861, 4,614,117 bushels ; in 1861, 7,300,000 bushels; in 1862, 9,016,- 013 bushels. These salines have supplied the Eastern, Middle, Western and North- western States for many years, and in a Uttle more than half a century the pro- duct has been augmented from 26,474 bushels m 1797, to 9,016,013 bushels in 1862, making the total product since 1797 upwards of 146,000,000 of bushels. The United States government duties on foreign salt, and the adoption of a higher rate of toll than on domestic salt, have protected the manufacture to such an ex- tent, that foreign salt (until 1862, when the rate of toll on it was reduced) was almost enUraly excluded firom finding a consump- tive demand. The salt manufacture in New York has given employment to a large number of our people, and has largely augmented both the tonnage and revenue of the New York canals. The outlets for our domestic salt, going to Western States and Oanada^ is by the way of BuiTalo and Oswego, which latter place has always re- ceived, since the completion of the Oswego canal, much the larger share for the an- nual supply of the West The following will show the imports of salt by canal at Buffldo and Oswego for the years indicated : DCPOBTS m five to seven hundred feet beneath the surface of the earth, which, when tapped, flows upward to the surfiuie in almost inexhaustible supply, is producing a revoluti(m in tbe eoonQinies of the peo* PSTROLKUM. 39 pie's light In Oanada West, in the vioinity of Sarnia, and on Oil Greek in Pennsylvania, these supply resenroirs have already been largely developed, and new discoveries will, probably, show a large extent of territory where this crude commodity can be obtained. In the Pennsylvania oil regions there are seventy>five flowing wells, sixty'two wells tiiat formerly flowed and were pumped, besides three hundred and fifty- eight wells sunk and commenced, costing, on an average, one thousand dollars each, equal to $495, 000. In the vicinity of these wells are twenty-five refineries for refining the crude Petroleum, which, with the machinery and buil^ngs, have been erected at a cost of about $500,000. The daily product of the Pennsylvania wells ia about 4,400 barrels. Some of the fiowing wells of this oil district have produced as high as from two to Sevan hundred barrels of crude oil daily. *♦ There are in Oanada West thirty-seven firms engaged in refining the crude Petro- leum produced near Sarnia, with a week- ly product of about 2^200 bbls. of refined oil from seventy-three stills, which will give an annual product of refined oil, if run to their full capacity, of 32,120,000 gallons. The annual product of the Pennsylvania oil regions, at about 4,400 barrels daily, will be about 68,400,000 gallons. FoBKiair BxPOBT ov PnaoLam nr 1868. From OaUoMi Yilae. New York ^J.... ft,788w&e8 $8,037,418 Philadelphia 8,607,808 687,576 Boston 891,615 457,859 Caoada 1,879,000 855,800 Totals 11,561,881 $8,880,647 The exports ttom the port of New York in 1861, were only 1,112,250 gallons. There were carried Eaystward flrom the Pennsylvania oil regions in 1862, over the Pennsylvania Oentral railroad, fh>m Pittsburg, destined for Philadelphia and fialtimore, 73,668 tons, being equal to about 442,000 bbls. of oil In every considerable town in the Mid- dle and Western States, there are oil re- fineries for manufacturing the crude Pe- troleum. ^ This discovery has left Ooal Oil, Gam- phene, Lard and Whale Oils at a discount A cheap light of great brilliancy has been obtuned for the million, and its discovery and introduction into general use will, in a very« considerable measure, affect prices of other oonunodities previously used for illuminating purposes, and will give a respite to the Whale, and bids fair to nvBl even coal gas in cheapness and illu- minating power. The refining of crude Petroleum has already obtained a very considerable mag- nitude in Buffalo. Some eleven refineries have been erected in this city within the laiBt two years, in which $126,000 to $130,000 in capital has been invested, giving employment to upwards of a hun- dred persons, having a capacity to refine 75,000 to 80,000 barrels of the crude oil annually. In all the busy marts of trade, in everj considerable town in the Eastern, and Middle, and Western States, the odorous Petroleum meets the olfactories of the passers-by. What the results of this important dis- covery ^nll be during the next ton ^ears remains to be seen. If the supply is in- exhaustible, and the devolopmente of Hhe past two years are any criterion tot the future, the half has not been told of its importance to the world. It has already become an important artide in foreign and domestic commerce. The foreign export is already counted by millions, and in its distribution supplies nearly all the important countries of Europe, Atistrali% and oUier places in the East Indies, Oali- fomia, some of the South Amerioan States, and the Islands 4>f the Padfio. 40 OOMMSBOB OF THX LAKES. CAHAL COXXEBCS. The oonstractton of the Urie Canal -warn oonuiienoed in the year 1817, and the waters of Lake Erie were u^ted with the waters of Uie Hudson river 345 miles fh>m BuflUo to Troy. The rise aiid fall from Lake Ifirie to the Hudson is 692 feet The prism was originally 40 feet wide at fba siir&ce, and 28 feet at the bottom, •ndfo^fset deep^ with looks of sufficient size to pass boats drawing 8^ feet of water, 14 feet beam by 80 fiMt Icmg. The original cost of the first strootnre was $9,027,466. la 1836 the Legislature passed an act^ providing for its enlargement Under this and other acts, the prism of the canal has been increased so as to be 70 feet on the surface, 42 feet on the bottom, and 7 feet in depth, with locks 110 feet long by 18 feet wide, passing boats 96^ feet long by 17i feet beam, drawing 6 feet 10 incth^r es to 6 feet of water. There are now 71 locks on the Erie canal between Buffialo and Albany, and 18 lo(^8 on the Oswego canal between Syra- cuse and Oswego. The enlargement is now o(Hnpl0ted after the ^dan adopted in 1836, with ^me modi- fications, at an additional cl# of about fiftv millions of dollars. Connecting with the main trunk of the Erie canal are the Chafaiplain, 64 miles long; the Chenango^ 98 miles; the Black River, 103 miles; the Chemung canal; the Genesee Valley canal, besides severe al other connecting links, making, wiUi the Erie and Oswego canals, a total of 1,028 miles of canal, including 100 miles of slack water navigation connected by canals, within and banging to tiie State of New York. Cost asd Raviiram or thi Nbw Yobx Oaitals. The State Auditor, In his report to the Legislature in 1863, makes a balance sheet, from whioji the foUowing summary of the revenue fW>m all sources, from 1817 to and including September 30th, 1862, and the disbursements for all purposes tot tiie same period, has been made^ via.: OAKAL OOMMIROB. 41 eross eanal tolls $81^068,958 45 Dirent tsxM on the people 8;806k881M Indireet taxes, viz: Aaadars|8,Ma,O80O6 Bsit duties a,066^406M Tsxon Bt*mboat passeng. 78,00999 •Geneiml Fond for De* flcienoies 1^,49888 Sales caiisl lands. .... 830,018 10 Interest on Invest- ments and deposits. 8,198,41719 Premioms on loans. . 9,994,504 98 Bents, snrplns wt% . 89,^1 T4 Elmlra snd Chemong Cmal Feeder 990,097 66 MtsoeUaneoossonroes 1,069,709 88 4104^791,10460 DlSBUBSniKNIS. Frems. on pnrohase of stocks, conunls., 4M. 1866^799 79 Interert <« loans 81,881,4i08 19 Contraetors,0olleotor4,^ Weif hmasters, Ae. . 99,061,^8 99 Comimssioners for eoustraotion ....... 61,918^096 80 Contrib^n to Gen. Fand..|4,18T,60878 Do. QenU fonddet>t 4,984,416 66 — — — 8,879,01989 #194,840^688 07 Balanoedns $19,048,08849 *Beceiyed flrom General Fond. .... 1,886,498 88 Csnal deU onpald and vnprovlded for.........V. : $90,986,097 80 The magnitude of the trade and ton- nage of the N«# York Oanak will be shown hj the following exhibit, giving the tonnage and reyenue in eaoh yew from 1820 to 1862, induslTe: .«. .""r^" 1828 1884 Tell, all H. T. Cla. $0,944 98,888 64,079 190,680 840,648 Toll ree'd atBnfflilo. T«ll,aU ToUrwM Tonnage. K. T. CIil atBoflUo. 1895 $066,979 1886 760,104 188T ••••• •••• 8B0f 90v • • • • jICnkI •••••••••• •••• MR1|44A • • • ■ 1889 818.187 1880 V I1OM.M9 1881 .... 1,998,808 ...t. ioimI. ......... .... i,9anP,elMl « • • •- 1888 1,468,890 1884.......... .... 1,841,89 •••• 1885 .... 1,048,986 1886 1,810,807 1,614,886 $M|iia 1887 1,171,896 1,999,628 1888 1,188,011 1,500,911 .... 1880 1,480^718 1,6161888 1840 1,416.046 l,nfi^747 1841 ,1,581,661 9,084,809 1848 1,984^981 1,749,196 1848 1,018,489 9,081,680 1844 1,816,586 8,446,874 1840 1,985^011 9,646^181 1846.... 9,868,608 9,70M06 1847 9,869,810 8,68^881 1848 9,796^980 8,908,919 1,916,701 1849 .9,894,788 8,96&996 679,618 1850 8,076,617 8,978,889 707,481 1851 8,688,788 8,829,717 mm 1859 8,868^441 8,118,944 t7T4m toUi, While the tonnage was inis^ased l,091,lft0 tons. The aggregate tons carried on 1dbi« New York canals since they first went into o|firation, will vary but little firom ei^^- two milliona of tons, valued at npwardt of four thousand milli(ms ot doUara, flrom whitdi the State has received » gross revenue ot upwards of eifi^ty-one millionii. There is, probably, not another eyitem of public wOTks in any country *62. ARTIOUM. Flour, barrels Wheat, bushels. . . . Com, Oats, Bye. Barley Hogs.. Cattle. (I II II II 18S9. ■726,321 8,060,766 6,401,870 1,757,696 231,614 652,696 271,204 111,694 1860. 713.348 14,427,083 15,262,394 2,198,889 318,976 617,619 392,864 177,101 1861. 1,479,284 17,385,002 26,369,989 2,067,018 490,989 457,589 675,902 204,579 1862. 1,666,391 13,978,116 29,574,328 4,688,722 1,038,826 872,053 1,348,890 209,656 Thus the increase in cereals has bAn 196 per cent ; in hogs, 400 per cent ; and in cattle, 87 per cent Results equally marked are shown by the returns of the other lake-ports. The committee of the Chicago Board of Tirade, in a recent Report, say: "In the early settlement of the West, the IQndssipi^ was the only outlet for the products of the country ; bgt the open- ing of the New York and Canadian canals and of not less than five trunk railways between the East and West, has rendered the firee navigation of the Mississippi s matter of secondary importance. "The heated waters of a tropical sea, destructive to most of our articles of ex- port, a malarious climate, shunned by every Northerner for at least one-half w the year, and a detour in the voyage of TBADI AITD OOMMBR?! OV OHIO AGO. in orer 3,000 mflM in a direct line to the markets of tlie wwld,— ^se consider- ations have been sufficienUy powerful to divert the g^at flow of anunal and Teg- etable food fW>m the South to the East. Up to 186U, the West found a local mar- ket for an inconsiderable portion of her breadstuflb and proyisions in tibe South ; but after supplying this local demand, the amount which was exported ttozn New Orleans was insignificant, hardly exceed- ing two millione of dollars per 9nnum." The annual report of the Secretary of the Treasury for the year ending Au^nist 31, 1860, showa the amount of bread- stufEi and proriaifMU exportSsd to foreign fLOUB. WHXAT. bbls. sacks and bbla. 965,860 339,348 These facts show oondusively that, with the navigation of the Mississ^pi un- obstructed, tito great mass of Western countries from New Orleans and Kew York respectively, as follows: From From N«w Orleana^ New York. Wheat, baebela..: 8,189 1,8N>,M6 Wheat Flour, barrela .... 80,541 1,187^M Indlao Oom,bashel8.... . 884,889 I,fi6iuk4 Indian Meal, barrel! 158 ^m/m Pork, barrels 4,960 100379 Hama and baoon, poonda 890,980 ie,l«l,749 The total receipts of mAn of all kindii at that port, in no sin^ year exceeded 14,600,000 bushels, either for exportation or Consumption in the interior, which are about the receipts at Milwaukee, or Toledo. In I869-'60, the receipts were aa follows: OOUr. OATS. sacks and bbls. sacks and bbls. 1,722,637 6S9,550 exports would flow through other chan- nels. PBODxrcT o:p breabstitffs fob expoetatioh. The amount of cereals, which, in 1862, flowed out of the Upper Mississippi Val- ley iAd the region of the I^akes, en route for 'he sea-board, was, according to the Buffalo Trade Report, 136,S29,542 bush- els, which were respectively forwarded teom the following points: STATXiairT SHOWlNa THS BHIPlfINT OF 0SB1AL8 FOB 1862. Plaoea. Flonr. bbls. W. Temdnus B. ft 0. R. B.^* 690, 000 " Pennsylvania Oentral 890,696 Dunkirk 1,096,366 Suspension Bridge* 876,000 Buflfklo 2,846,022 Oswego 236,382 Cape Vincent 48,576 Ogdensburgh 676,394 Montreal 1,101,476 Rochester*. 1,000 Wheat, bash. Corn, bush. 112,061 30,'436,83i 10,982,132 316,403 689,930 8,012,773 160,000 149,664 24,V88>62T 4,628,962 249,369 1,120,176 2,649,136 Other flraln ba^. 650,000 1,622,893 10,173 2,760,000 3,849,620 1,467,823 49,047 18,866 619,896 6,622 Totals 8,369,910 60,699,130 Gband Total— (Flour reduced to bushels). . . . ^Estimated. 32,986,923 10,844^939 136,329,642 44 OOMMIROB OF THB LAKES* ■mnoDm or caHkBALB ibom foub laxm posn, in I86t. PiMet. Flonr. bbli. Ohid^o 1,139,849 If UwMikee 71 1,40ft Toledo* 1,261,291 Dttroitf 998,6aS Wheat bOBb. 13,808,898 14,916,680 9,314.491 3,278,033 Oorn. bosh. 29,462,610 9,489 8,781,634 810,618 OfhirOnda. bOBb. 4,616,367 260,291 122,109 Totals 4,711,080 41,317,102 33,664^361 4,888,768 OBANp Total— m Ohioago dednoted. t Amoont reoolved from Ohioago and MUwaukae dcdneted. 960,000 2,666,000 TK^DB AND OOMMSBOK OF OHIOAOO. 45 FOBS AND BEEP PAGXIHa The pirogress which has been made in Pork Packing in Ghkago during the paet two years, is probably without a parallel in the history of any other dty in the United States. ' During the past year there hare been erected along the River seren large Pork and Beef houses, all of which have been oonstrueted on the most approved plana. Besides these, there have been built a la^ number of smaller structures, of more or less permanence; all of which, with the temporary ooouiMition of stores, outhouses, Ac., g^ve great additional tUf duties in the extension of this business. As the season is not yet dosed, we can only judge of the paddng for lM2-*3, >y the numbw out from the commencement of the season, till January 1, which foots up 539,216^ against 229,860, packed dur- ii^f the same period in 1861 — an increase, thus far, of 309,368. During the past two seasons, a huge proportion of the Hogs cut have been made into Bnfflish ICidoles, for Uie Liver- pod and London markets. In the early part of this season, nearly every paddng house in the city was engaged in this brandi of the business. The favor with which Chicago brands have been received in the leading markets of England, war- rants us in the belief that the trade will be one of pennanence. TABLB Fvnaair^Ad forjivt peon. BBOKVBD. . nAs. Live. Dressed. Totai. ]^ 418,285 184,M1 fi40,48« lABO. 18a,<71 8S,fi88 ^ 8T1,S04 JfW. ««M4» 10T,n6 a»S,8«4 ]^J: 5M,6M 198.861 8Tfi,MI 1^ MIO^ »T,»19 1VMM0O rOBWABDB). VBAB. lire. Dressed. 1808. 109,181 88,888 ISne. 8T,854 88,998 1880L 191,iU 801,861 1861 816,988 T8,118 1868. M6.606 44,689 TOTAt. 198,018 110,846 887,164 888,094 491,186 BXBF CATTLE. The past vear has shown but a nHU increase in the Oattle Trade of Ohicaco. By the tables which follow, it wm be aeen that the recdpta dtd for Jln^ftan. Beeeived In 18n6 14A,8M •• 1809 111,694 •• 1860 177,101 * 1861 804,079 « 1868 ..809,606 Forw8rdedlnl858 48,618 18B9 87,064 •• 1860 97,474 *• 1861 iaii4i " 1868 .,. 118,746 The cereals and agricultural produeto shipped from Chicago consist of ooil^ wheatr rye, oats, barley, butter, dieese^ potatoes, wool, hides, Ac. The produd» of ^le forest are lumber, and wood of dif- ferent kinds. The minerals are coal, fta; wlJle fisheries furnish large quantities of cured fish of different kinds for exportap tion; idtogether giving employment to % huge amount of toniuige navigating th* great )aksa. TRIP THROUGH THE LAKES, GlTlnff a DetorlptlOA of Cltlef, Towns, Ac. ing West The harbor of Buffalo is the most capacious, and reiUlj the easiest and safest of access on our inland waters. Improve- ments are annually made bj dredging, by the construction of new pieris, wharves, warehouses, and elevators, which extend its facilities, and render the discharge and trans-shipment of cargoes more rapid and convenient; and in this latter respect it is without an equaL Bufblo was first settled bv the whites in 1801. In 1832 it was chartered as a city, being now governed by a mayor, re- corder, and board of twenty-six aldermen. Its population in 1830, according to the United States Oensus, was 8,668 ; in 1840^ 18,213; and in 1860,42,261. Since the latter period the limits of tbe city have been enlarged by taking in the town of Bhioik Bock; it is now divided into thir> teen wards, and, according to the Census of 1860, contained 81,130 inhabitants, be- ing now the third city in point of size in the State of I^ew York. The public build- ings are numerouSf and many of them fine specimens of architecture ; while the pri- vate buildings, particularly those for busi- ness purposes, are of the most durable construction and modem style. The man- •facturing establishments, including sev- eral extensive ship-yards for the building and reiMuring of lake craft, are also numer- ous, and conducted on a large scale, pro- dudng manufactured artides for the American and Canadian markets. The prindpal pubUc buildings are an BnfllilOy "QumrCiTTof theLAKU," possessing commanding advantages, being 22 miles above Niagsura Falls, is distant from Albany 298 mues by railroad, and about 350 miles by the une of the Erie Canal: in N. lat 42» 63' W. long. IB" 56' from Greenwich. It is uvorably situated for commerce at the head of Niagara River, the outlet of Lake Erie, and at the foot of the great diain of Uppei Lakes, and is the point where the vast trade of these inland seas is concentrated. The harbor, formed of BufiUo Creek, lies nearly east and west across the southern part of the dty, and is separated from the waters of Lfd^e Erie by a peninsula between the citsek and luce. This harbor is a very secure one, and is of vadk capadty, that although steamboats, ships, and other lake orut, and oanal-boats, to the number, in all, (^ froir three to four hundred, have sometimes been assembled there for the transaction of the business of the lakes, yet not one-half part of the water accom- modations has ever yet been occupied by the vast business of the great and grow- BUFFALO TO DBTROIT — HOBTH BHOBB ROUTB. 47 n. states Oustom-House and Post-Offloe; City Hall; Oourt-House and JaU; 2 Thea- tres, and ;^ Ihurohes of different denom- inations. Here are also 8 banking houses. 4 Savings Banks, and several Fiit ana Marine Insuranoe Oompanies. * The Lines of Steamers and RaQroads diverging fVom Buffalo tend to make it one of the groatest thorouglifares in the Un- ion. Steamers and propellers run to Cleve- land, Sandusky, Toledo, Detroit, Maokinao, Saut Ste. Marie, Oreen Bay, Milwaukee, Chicago, Ac. RaILBOAOS BUMKINO FBOM BnVTALO. 1. New York CentrM^ to Albany and Troy, 298 miles. 2. Buffalo, Niagara JPbUa, and Lnoitton, 28 miles. 3. Buffalo, iMo Tork, and Brie, to the dty of New York, 434 miles. 4. Lake Shore BaUroad, to Cleveland, Ohio, 183 miles. 5. Buffalo and Lake Muron BaUiwofy^ 161 miles. 6. Oreai Western (Oanada) Baatoay (Sus. Bridge to Detroit, Mich.X 230 miles. Then are also four lines of City Rail- roads running to different points within the limits of Buffalo. The principal Hotels are the American, and Sft. Jamea Hotel, and Manaion House, on Main street; Bonney^s Hold, on Wash- ington street, and the United Siaies, tedng the Terrace. There are now running firom BulBdo to difl)n«nt ports on Lake Brie and the Up- per Lakes seven different Lines of Pro- pellers, annually transporting an immense amount of merdiandise and produce, which finds its exit eastward by means of the Brie Canal, and the several Railroad Lines. "The dimate of BuflUo ia, without doubt, of a more even temperature than any other dty in the same parallel of lati- tude firom the Mississippi to the Atlantic coast Observations have shown that the thermometer never ranges as low in win^ ter, nor as high in summer, as at points in Massachusetto, the eastern and central portions of this State, the northern and southern shores of Lake Brie in MiohigBn, Northern Illinois, and Wisconsin. The winters are not as keen, nor the summers, oooled by the breezes from the lake, as sultry ; and in a sanitary point of view, it is probably one of the healthiest cities in the world. " London, usually considered the health- iest of dties, has a ratio of one death in forty inhabitants. The ratio of BuflUo is one in fifty-six. The favorable situation ' of the city for dMinage, and for a mpglj of pure water; its broad, well-paved streets, lined with shrubbery and shade- trees; its comparatively mild winters; its cool summers; its pleasant drives and picturesque suburbs, and its proximity to tiia ' Jb&,' combine to repder it one of the most desirable residences on the con- tinent." BUFFALO TO DSTBOIT-HOBTH 8H0B1 BOUTS. On leaving the wharf at BuflUo, the Steamers usually run direct for Long Point on the Canada, or North Shore of Lake Erie, proceeding for most of the distance in British waters, to the mouth of Detroit River. Long Point, 65 miles from Bui&lo^ is a long strip of land, nearly 20 miles long, and firom one to three miles in width, covered for the most part with a frtunted growtii of forest trees. It was formerly a peninsiday running out fii>m the Iwnd in an easterly direction, nearly half way aoross the lake; but the watMS having 4S TEIP TBROUOB TBI LAKBt. ■idt ft wide brtabh Aorosi Its WMtorn •ztrami^, hM oonT«rt«d it into an iaknd. Thert li an importMit light>houM on the •Mt end to guide the mariner on his pas- ■age througa Lake Erie, here about 40 niws wide, and where is found the great- est depth of water. To this Point both shores of the lake oan be seen in n dear morning Arom the deck of tiie steamer, aifording a most grand sight when the ■un rises on a doudless day. Then maj vsuallj be seen a fleet of ressels wending their way toward BuflUo or the mouth ^ the Welland CSanal, through which chan- nel annually passes n neat number of ■team propellers and sail Teasels on their waj to Lake Ontario and the St Lawrence Bi?er. PoBT OoLBOBira, 0. W., situated about 20 miles west of BuflUo, lies at tike mouth of the Welland Canal, while POBT )f AXTLAND, SOUM 20 milcS flUT- ther, is situated at the mouth of Grand BiTer, where is » narignble feeder com- munioattng with the canal, thus aflbrding two entrances to the above canaL PoBT DOYBB, about 70 miles west of BuflUo^ and 40 miles distant inm Ham- ilton by proposed railroad route, is situated on the north shore of Lake Erie, at the mouth of the river Lynn. Here is a good harbor, and the village is a place of grow- iag impcvtanoe, containing about 1,000 innabitants. PoBt Rtbb«i and Pobt Rowan are small villages on the Ouiada shore, situ- nted on the bay formed by Long Point Inland there is to be found » rich and fine farming district, consisting of some of the best lands in Oanad* West The Sand BUb, immediately west of Lcmg Pdnt, are seen for some distance as the steamer pursues her onward course toward Poini aux i\fM^ passing through the widest psrt of the lake, where both shores are lost sight of for a number of ndlss. The water usually presents a dear green color in th« midala» but aear the shore is more or less tinged with mud^y water, proceeding firom the streams empty- ing hito the lake. Pobt Bubwbll, 0. W., about 85 miles west of Long Point is handsomdy situ- ated at the mouth of Otter Greek. Here is n light-house and good harbor. A large amount of lumber and other pro- ducts are annnally ezpcnrted flrom this place to Eastern markets. Pobt StrAiriAT, about 26 miles fkN ther west, is handsomely situated at the mouth of Kettle Greek, being in part sur- rounded bv high and picturesque hUls in the immediate vidpity. The harbor is well protected, ana much frequented by British and American vessels running on Lak^ Brie. It Is nine miles south of 8t Thoioas, and twenty-foui^from London, the chief town of the county of Middle- sex, for whidi place it may be conddered the out-port. A plank-road runs betweti the two places; also^ the London a.Mt J^>rt StmUe^ Sailroad, oonnectiiw with the Great Western Railway of wada Steamers run from Port Stanley to Buf- falo Cleveland, and other pottB on Lake Bile. Point avx Pdib, or Robd' Eau (usually called by the American navigators Mound C% about 100 mUes west of Long Point, is a cape which prqfects from the Canada shore, endosing a natural basin of about 0,000 acres in extent, with a depth of from ten to twdve feet, thus forming an exoeUent and secure harbor, the entrance to which his been improved by the Gana> dian government by running out pien, etc. It is proposed to construct a ship • canal from this port to the St Glair River, a distanoaof about 35 miles, thus avoid- ii« the m the river, which ia here about a mile wide. This is one ot the oldest settlements in Canada West The town contains 3,133 inhabitlmta. Windsor, C. W., situated in the township of Sandwich, is a village direct- ly opposite Detroit, with which it ia con- nected by three steam ferries. It was laid out in 1834, and is now a place of considerable business, having a population of about 2,500 inhabitants. Here ter> minates the Oreat Western Bailway of Canada, which extends fh>m Niagara Falls or Suspension Bridge, via Hao^ton and London, to opposite Detroit — thus forming an important link in the great line of railroads, now finished, running from the seaboard at different points to Uie Missia- sippi and Missouri Rivers. RAILROAD ROCTi: from Nlaffam FalN to HaailltOB aM Detroit, via Great Western Railway of Canada. Thii great InteraatioiuJ Line, extend- ing fW>m Niagara River to Detroit Rim opposite the city of Detroit, a diatanoe of 239 miles, passes through a fine and in- teresting section of oountrj, equal in many respects to Western New York. It oonnecta with the New York OentnJ and BuflUo and Niagara Falls Railroad, formiDg a gfreat through route of travel Starting from the Suaperuion Bridge at Olifton, two miles below the Falls of Ni- agara, the passenger train soon reaches the verge of the mountain ridge over- looking the plain b«lo««, while in the dis- tance may be seen the broad waters of Lake Ontario, usually studded with sail vessels and propellers on their way to or flrom the mouth of the Welland OanaL ** Traced like a map, the landscape Ilea In ooUured beauty stretching wide.** Thorold, nine miles, is situated on the line of the Welland Oanal, where is abundant water-power propelling five or six flouring mills. A railroiMl ex- tends to Port Dalhousie, some five or six miles distant, connecting with a steamer running to Toronta This road will be extended to Fort Oolboume, on Lake Erie, about twenty miles distant St. 04THBRINK8, 12 miles ftom the Suspension Bridge, is a flourishing town, also situated on the line of the WeUand ▼Oanal, which connects Erie and Ontario. This has become of late a fashionable place of resort during the sunmier moilths, caused by the mineral wators of the " Ar- tesian Wells" obtaining great celebrity, owing to their curative properties. Here are several well-kept hotels for the accom- modation of visitors. St. Oatherines is justly termed "the Saratoga of Canada," being annually visited by thousands of invalids and pleasure-seekers. BsAXSViLLB, 22 miles firom the I I Suspension Bridge, is a thriving TiUaga about one mile flrom the station. Qrimbbt. 6 miles farther, is situated on Forty-mile Greek, the soene of some hard fighting during the war of 1812. It is a small village of 360 inhabitants ; there are two churches, a hotel, and sevenl stores ; also, a grist and saw mills im- pelled by water-porr<«r. Hamilton, i3 miles flrom Suspen- sion Bridge, is theprinoipal station on the line of the Oreat Western Railway, where are located the principal offices and work- shops connected with the company. Here is a commodious d^p6t and steamboat land- ing. Oarriages and omnibuses are alwavs in readiness to convey passengers to the hotels in the city, and steamboat landings. The Ibronft) Branch of the Great West- ern Railway commences at Hamilton, and extends a distance of thirty-eight miles to the city of Toronto, running near the shore of Lake Ontario. On leaving Hamilton for Windsor or Detroit, the road passes near the mansion of the hkte Sir Allan M'Nab, and over the Des Jardines Oanal, entering the head of Burlington Bay. Here is also a Suspen- sion Bridge in sight, thrown over the stream as it cuts its way through the high bank which endrdes tlie bay or lake. This point presents a beautiful view, both on leaving o^ arriving at the head-waters of Lake Ontario. DuNDAS, five miles flrom Hamilton, is situated on rising ground on the side of the mountain, and is a thriving mmu- faoturing place, having the advantage of a stream which flows, or rather rushes, <4vith great impetuosity through its centre^ working on its way numerous mills. The Des Jardines CantU runs flrom hence to Burlington Bay, enabling the manufao- turers to ship their goods at their own doors. BUFFALO AND NIAGARA FALL8 TO DBTBOIT. 61 Haikhbuboh, 19 miles ftrom Hmd- ilton, !■ the stetion Of the dfaU Branch of the Great Western Rsilwsj. Pabis, with the Upper and Lower Town, oontsins shout 3,600 iohsbitants : BO oslled flrom its coatiguity to heds or gjpsum or plsster of Psns. It possesses s oonsiden^le smount of water-power, which worlcs numerous mills. There are two foundries, a tannerj, maohine-shop, distillerj, saw-mill, eto. The BujUfah and Lake Hwron Baiiway interseots the Great Western at this point, running to Gtode- rich, on Lake Huron. WooosTOOK, 48 miles Arom Ham- ilton, and tii miles from Windsor, is a county town, well situated on rolling ground, and oontalns about 4,&00 inhab- itants. It may be called a town of mag- nificent distances; Bast and West Wood- Btoclc forming a street upward of a mile in length. The vacant spaces, however, are fast being filled up with stately edi- fices, and it will thus m a short time be- come one of the handsomest thorough- fares in Oanada. In this locality, noted for its handsome country seats — and indeed all the way from Hamilton — ^the land, as seen from the road (the railroad for the most part passes through a new country), is rolling and well deared of trees and stumps, presentinff more<^the appearance of "merrie En^and" than any |»ther section of the Province. iNQEBSOLii, nine miles farther, for- merly an Indian viUage^ now contains about 2,000 inhabitants. A small arm of the Thames runs through it, and fur- nishes some water-power, by which sev- eral miUs are worlced. Since the opening of the railway it has risen in a surprising manner; and the town, which before then had a fery dingy appearance, the houses being of wood and wanting paint, is now gay with white bride, and the streets resound with the hum of an en- terprising population. LoMSON, 119 miles from ^Suspension Bridffe, and 110 miles from Windsor, if not, Uke her Bnglish namesake, ' -The freftt Miort or All the earth— obeckerad with M fJomplezloM of nuuikliid— is nevertheless a very stirring business place, and presents another instance of th« energy and enterprise of the Oanadians. Ten years ago, this then very small vfl- lage of wooden houses was entirely burned down, and now on its ashes is raised a most flourishinff city, containing four banks, several whiuesale houses, fif- teen churches, many of them handsome structures, and the Bnglish Ohuroh Lav- ing a fine peal of bells; life and fire in- surances offices, breweries and distilleries. It has three newspapers and several good hotels. Population nearly 18,000. It is well watered by the river Thames, which, however, is only navigable up to Ohatham, sixty miles distant. The London and Port Stanley R R. here joins the Great Western Railway; leng^ 24 miles, running south to Lake Erie. Ohatham, 46 miles from Windsor, situated on the river Thames, possesses the great advantage of a navigation, and is therefore a place of considerable busi- ness. It contains eight churches; and being the oounty town of Kent, it has a court-house, a very handsome building, several grist and saw mills, woollen factory, two foundries, machine-shop, eta Steam- ers ply between Chatham, Detroit, and Amherstburg. Population about 6,000. WmDSOS, 229 miles from Suspension Bridge, opposite Detroit, prettily situated on the banks of the river, is a {dace of consideiable business, and is rapidly in- creasing in wealth and population, owing to the advantage it has of being the western terminus of thb Great Western Baiiway. Three steam-ferries ply between Wind- sor and Detroit, making dose connections for the benefit of railroad passengers. mwALo TO oobhiob, a w.» ««i rnnuo m laxm HITBOH EAUWAT. This importaat Hm of trayel extends ftcm Buflklo^ N. Y., crossing NiMra BiTer by meeas of a iteem tnry et Blaok Book to Fort Brie, on the Gaoads side. T^ ii proposed to oonstruot » pemunent tailroed widge of sbout one mile in length, e short distance above the present ferry. From Fort Brie the Une of the railway extends westward within a short distance of Lake Brie' for forty miles, to DunTille, situated at the mouth of Qrand BiTerf crossing the Wetland GanaL From DunvOle tide road runs along the ▼aUey of the river on the north side to Brentford, 38 miles farther, and Arom thence extends westward to Paris, where it connects with the Great Western Rail- way of Canada. The line thence runs to Stiatford, 0. W., where it connects with tiie Ora^d Trunk Railway, a total distance from Bufblo of 116 miles. From this point the road is now completed and in running order to (Joderich, situated on Lake Huron, a total distance of 163 miles. DuKviLiiB is advantageously situated on the Grand River, at a point where it is intersected by the feeder of the Wei- land GanaL It is a place of considerable business, and contains several grist, psw, and plaster mills, and a tannery. ]^pu- lation about 1,500. The Wetlani Canal is one of the many works of the same kind of which Cana- dians may be proud. This Canal aftbrds a passage for propellers, sloops, and achooners of 125 tons burden, around the FaUs of Niagara, and connects Lake Erie with Lake Ontario. It is 42 miles long, including feeder, 56 feet wide, and from 8^ to 16 feet deep. The whole descent from one lake to the other is 334 feet, whid^ \b accomplished by 37 locks. BRAMTroKD, IS miles from BufflJo, and 8i miles from Ooderieh, ia beautifully situated on Gk«nd River, and named after Brant, the renowned chief of the Siic Ka- tiona Indians, who, with hia tribe, steadi^ supported the Britiih Grown during the American War. "In *€hrtntde of Wyo- ming^ he ia alluded to in diaparafl^ terms: *TIm muBmoth ewaes ti ie BnaV iMd, Um Bonstar But some years aftenfard Campbell was obliged to apologise to Brant'a son, who happened to visit London; atfit appeared, m Qoderich to Macikinao^ MUwauktoe^ Ohioago, et&— rti,ete. IOIml Toledo, Ohio ; Maumee Bay H Turtle Island 10 West Sister Island 22 South Bass Island 40 Sandusky, Ohio ,.: 40 Kelley*s Island , 45 Clevelaud, Ohio 100 PainesvUle, " 129 Ashtabula, " 154 Conneaut, " 168 Brie, Pa 196 Portland, N. Y 233 Dunkirk, " 243 SUver Creek, N. T 251 Buffalo, N.Y 286 NoTB. — ^The direct through route as run by the steamers fh>m Bufhlo to Toledo ia about. 250 miles; the circuit of Lake Erie being about 660 miles. BVFFALO TO CLEmAHB, TOLEDO, STC-HSOirTH 8H0B1 BOUTS. Steamers and propeUeni of a large eSasB leave Ba£(iEiL> daily, during me ■eafon of navigadon, for the different porta on the Amerioan or South Shore of Lake Erie, oonnecting with railroad cars at Gleyeland, Sandusky, Toledo, and De- troit On leaving Buffalo harbor, which is formed by ue mouth of Buffalo Greek, where is erected a breakwater by the United States government, a fine view is afforded of the city of Buffalo, the Canada shore, and Lake Erie stretching off in the distance, with here and there a steamer or sail vessel in sight As the steamer proceeds westward through the middle of the lake, the landscape fades in the dis- tance, until nothing is visible but a broad expanse of green waters. Stubobon Point, 20 miles from Buffalo, is passed on the south shore, when the lake immediately widens by the land receding on both shores. During the prevalence of storms, when the Aill blast of the wind sweeps through this lake, its force is now felt in its full power, driving the ang^y waves forward with the velocity of the race-horse, often causing the waters to rise at the lower end of the lake to a great height, so as to overflow its banks, and forcing its surplus waters into Uie Niagara River, which causes the only perceptible rise and increase of the rud^ of waters at the Falls. DuKKiBK, N. Y., 42 miles from Buffalo, is advantageously situated on the shore of Lake Erie where terminates the New York and Erie RaiVroad^ 460 miles in length. Here is a good and secure harbor, affording about twelve feet of Tester over the bar. A light-house, a beacon-lig^t, and breakwater, the latter in a dilapidated state, have Iierc been erected by the United States government. As an anqhorage and port of refage this harbor is extremely valuable, and is mudi resort- ed to for that purpose by steamers and sail vessels duripg thd prefaleooe of storms. The village was incorporated in 1837, and now contains about 4,000 inhabitants, 600 dwelhng-houses, five churches, a bank, three hotehv and 20 stores of diffbr- ent kinds, besides several extensive store- houses and manufacturing establishments. The Buffalo and State Line BaUroad, ex- tending to Erie, Pa., runs through Dun- kirk, forming in part the Lake Shore > \e of railroad, which, in connection will ■ railroad leading direct to the city of hi'v? York, affords great advantages to this locality, which is no doubt destined to in- crease with the growing trade of the lake country. Fbedonia, three miles ft^m Dun- kirk, with which it is connected by a plank-road, is handsomely situated, being elevated about 100 feet above Lake Erie. It contains about 2,300 inhabitants, 300 dwelling-houses, five churches, one bank, an incorporated academy, four taverns, twenty stores, besides some mills and manufacturing establishments situated on Canadoway Creek, which here affords good water-power. In the village, near ^e bed of tUe creek, is «n inflammable spring, from which escapes a sufficient quantity of gas to light the village. A gasometer is constructed which forces the gas through tubes to different parts of the village, the consumer paying $4 per year for each burner used. It is also used for lighting the streets of the village. The flame is large, but not so strong or bril- liant as that obtained from gas in our cities ; it is, however, in high favor with the inhabitants. Bargblona, N. Y., 68 miles from BUTFALO TO OL1V1LAN0, TOUEOO, ITO — SOUTH BHORB ROUtB, 55 BnilUo, 18 the westernmost village in the State. It is A port of entrj, and is much resorted to by steamors and large vessels navigpatiDg the lake, affording a tolerably good harbor, where is situated a light* house which is lighted by inflammable gas J it escapes from the bed of a creek about half a mile distant, and is carried in pipes to the light-house. Erie, " thk Lakb Oitt or Penvstlva- NiA," distant 90 miles from Buffalo and 95 miles from Cleveland, is beautifully situated on abluf^ affording a prospect of Presque Isle Bay and the lAke beyond. It has one of the largest and best harbors on Lake Erie, from whence sailed Perry's fleet during the war of 181 2. The most of the vesseb were here built, being finished in seventy days from the time the trees were felled; and her« the gallant victor re- turned with his prizes after the battle of Lake Erie, which took place September lOtbi, 1813. The remf.ins of his flag-ship, the Laic^ence^ lie in the harbor, f^om which Tl^itors are allowed to cut pieces as relics. On the high bank, a little distance from the town, are the ruins of the old French fort, Presque Isle. The city con- tains a court-house, nine churches, a bank, three hotels, a ship-yaord, several exten- sive manufacturing establishments, and about 10,000 inhabitants. In addition to the Lake Shore Ihiilroad, the Philadelphia and Erie Bailroad* terminates at this place, affording a direct communication with New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore. Presque Isle Bay is a lovely sheet of water, protected by an island projecting into Lake Erie. There is a light-house on the west side Of the entrance to the bay, in lat, 42 ° 8' N. ; it shows a fixed light, elevated 93 feet above the surface of the lake, and visible fbr a. distance of 15 miles. The beacon shows a fixed light, elevated 28 feet, and is visible for nine miles. ^ OoNNBAUT, Ohio, IIV miles from Buf- falo and 68 fh>m Cleveland, situated in the northeast comer cf the State, stands on a creek of the same name, near its en- trance into Lake Erie. It exports large quantities of lumber, grfuln, pork, beef, butter, cheese, eta, being surrounded by a rich agricultural section of country. The vilh^e contains about 2,000 inhabi- tants. The harbor of Gonneaut lies two miles from the village, ilrhere is a light- house, a pier, and several warehouses. Ashtabula, Ohio, 14 miles farther west, stands on a stream of the same name, near its entrance into tibe lake. This is a thriving place, inhabited by an intel- ligent population estimated at S, 500. The harbor of Ashtabula is two and a half miles from the village, at the mouth of the river, where is a %ht-hous«. Fairpobt stands on the east riide of Grand River, 155 miles from Buffalo. It has a good lUnrbor for lake vessefo, and is a port of considerable trade. This harbor is so well defended firom winds, and easy of access, that vessels run in when tiiegr cannot easily make other ports. Here is a light-house and a beaoon to guide the mariner. pAmESViLUs, Ohio, three milea from Fairport and 30 miles from Cleveland, is « beautifbl and flourishing town, being mr- rounded by a fine section of oo&try. It is the county seat for Lake County, and Gontuns a court-house, five churches, a bank, 20 stores, a nunfflbr of beautiful residences, and about 3,000 inhabitants. * This great line traveraes the Northern and Northwest counties of Pennsjlyania to flie eltv of Erie on Lake Erie. It has been leased by the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, and nnder tbefr auspices is being rapidly opened throughout its entire length. It is now in use for passenger and freijiht business from Harrisburg to Driftwood (177 miles), on the £ast«r^ piyii^Qn, {»a from Sheiaeld to Erie, on the Western Division (78 mUes). M TBIP THSOUOH TBI LAKIS. ttOBffTS. re P«rr7 Monument, Erected Sept 10, 1860. CleTeland, "the Forest Citt," Cuy- ahoga Oounty, Ohio, is situated on ft plain, elevated 80 feet above the waters ( f Lake Erie, at the mouth of the Cuyahog river, which forms a secure harbor for ^ essels of & large class; being in N. lat. 41® 30', W. long. 81" 42'. The bluff on which it ii built riaei abruptlj from the ktelsnl, where stands a light-house, near tiia en- trance into the harbor, from which aa extensive and magnificent view is obtailie4, overlooking the city, the meandering of Oie Cuyahoga, the line of railroads, the flip- ping in the harbor, and the vessels past* mg on the Lake. The city is regularly and bewutiftiBy laid out, ornamented with numerous slwde- trees, from which it takes the name of " Forest City." Near its centre is a large public square, in whidi stands a beautifhl marble statue of Commodore Ouvie H. P^BBT, which was inaugurated Sept. 10, 1860, in the presence of more than 100,000 people. It commemorates the glorious achievement of the capture of the British fleet on Lake Erie, September 10th, 1813. Cleveland is the mart oftone of the great- est grain-growing States iu the Union, and has a ready communication by raihtrad with New York, Boston, and Philadelphia on the oast, while continuous lines of railroads run south, and west to the con- fines of settlement in Kansas and Nebras- ka. It is distant 185 miles from Bufblo, 135 miles from Cohimbus, 107 miles from Toledo, and 144 miles from Pittsburgh by railroad route ; 120 miles from Detroit by steamboat route. It contains a Copnty Court-flouse and Jail, City Hall, U. S. Custom-House and Post Office building; 1 Theatre; a Library Association with a public reading-room ; 2 Medical Colleges, 2 Orphan Asylums, 35 Churches of different denominations; 4 Banks, a Savings Bank, and 2 Insunmce Companies; also, numerous large manu- facturing companies, embracing iron and copper works, ship-building, Jbo.; Gas- works, Water-works, and two City Rail- road Companies. The- stores and ware- houses are numerous, and many of them well built. It now boasts Of 50,000 in- habitants, u,nd is rapidly increasing in numbers aud wealth. The Lake Superior trade is a source of grei^ advantage and tt OLBTBLAND, **TBB rORSR OttY. M bi pofit, white tho dhtrlikotMfio^togetV •r with the IhoilitiM alRlrdad by nflnNUks and oanali, mekes Glevelaad one oi the fiiTored dtiee bordering on the Inland Sauof Am^oA. The principal Hotels are the American HoM, Angier Bme, Ibrut Oiiy ifowe, Mnaon Home, and MMdeU Bbme; all be- ing large and weQ-kept pubUo henaea. Sailboaini Dtmonro raox OimtmsaAxd. 1. CUvdand and JBrift,96 mlBBiulsiigth. 2. Clev9kmd, CMmihUt mid Oindimatij 136 miles. 3. Clevdand and Ibtefe, Northern Diyi- lion, 107 milea. 4. Ckvekmd and Mahoning^ 67 allies finished. 5. Clevdand and Pittdmrgh, connectii^ with Wheeling, Va., 200 miles. 6. Cievekmd, Zaneavitte, and Oinemnaii, 87 miles; diverging firom Qleyeland and Pittsburgh R. R. at Hudson. These roads ill run into one general Depot, situated near the lake, affording great fltcilities for the trans-shipment of freight and produce (^ different kinds. ^iiiAMBBS and PBOPBLunts of a large dass leave daily, during the season of navigation, for Buflhlo, Toledo, Detroit, Hackinao^ Green Bay, Milwaukee, Chicago, the Sent Ste. ]fa(H«|ilhedilftMnt porta on Lake Superior, jHegither transporting an immense amount of merdiandise, grain, lumber, iron, and oopper ore. The reg^ tered Tonnage of this port, in 1861, was 82,618 tona. The Norifum lirmtporMkm OomMnff of OMo has its principal office in QoTe^ land. The Company owns 16 propellers of about 360 tons burden, runmng firom Ogdensburgh and Oswego to Cleveland, Toledo, Detroit, Milwaukee, and Chicago. This line affords a cheap and speedy route for travellers and emigrants, aa weu as foir tile transportation of merchandise and produce. The Cleveland Iron Mining Company, with » capital stock of $600jOOO, has its principal o£Boe in this city. The mine iS situated near Marquette, Lake Superior, being distant about 14 miles tnm the steamboat landing. A niilroad extends to the Iron Mounttun, affcN*ding fiicSUties for the transportation of 2,000 tons of. iron ore per day. This ore yields on an vrw- age 66| per cent, of iron. The greater proportion of this ore finds a ready market in Qevdand, fiton whence the most of it is trMisported to the Mahoning Valley, where it meets the coal of that region and is smelted and manufactured mto merchantable iron. Steamboat Route fh-om Cleveland to Detroit. Porta, etc Miles. CUVILANU, Ohio Po»ntPel6el8.,andl!lglit fiO Bar Point, 0. W. 97 Bols Blano Is. Light, » ,„« Detroit Elvei; f **^ Maiden, C. W 101 Gibraltar, Mitoh , Grosselsle," , 108 Ifania Juba Is. and Light .108 Wyandotte, Mich 109 J1«h Island Light Ill %htlng Island 112 WWwr, aw 119 Drkoit., « lao Ports, Ate. IQIm. Dbtboit, Mich Windsor, C. Vf 1 Plghtlnjr Island 8 Flshlsland 9 Wyandotte,meh 11 Mama Jaha Is. and Light IS GroBse Isle 19 Gibraltar, Mich.. Miad4m,C. W.... 19 Bols Blano Is. Light, i «a LakeErie, **^ "» V »» Bar Point O.W. M Point Pel6e Island 60 Clktclanp ^190 Fakb, 98 00. Usual Tma, 7 hours. 58 tRIP THROUGH TBI LAKM. Bi^OK Bnrnt, 98 milfi from Geve- land, is ft small ^^Uige with a good har- bor, where is a ship-yard and other mMinfacturing establishments. YiRMiuoN, 10 mUes farther on the line of the develand and Tdedb Bidlroad, is » place of considerable trade, situated at the mouth of the river of the same name. HuBOV, Ohio, 60 miles from Gleye- land and 10 miles Arom &tndu8ky, is situftted at the mouth of Huron River, which affords a good harbor. It contains seTeral churches, 16 or 20 stores, several warehousos, and about 2,000 inhabitants. The islands lying near the head of Lake Erie, off Sandusky, are, Kellet's Island, KoBTH Bass, Middle 'Bass, and South Bass islands, besides several smaller islands, forming altogether a ji^dsome group. KeOey'a Island, the largest and most important, is famous for its grape culture, and has become a place of sum- mer resort by the citizens of Ohio and other States. On the north side of Soutli Bass Island, lies the secure harbor of Put-in-Bat, made celebrated by being the rendezvous of Com. Perry's flotilla before and after the decisive battle of Lake Erie, which resulted in the capture of the entire British fleet. ITAYAL BATTLE ON LAKE BBIB. September 10th, 1813, the hostile fleets of England and the United States on Lake Erie met near the heiUl of the Lake, nnd a sanguinary battle ensued. The fleet bearing the "red cross" of England con- sisted of six vessels, carrying 64 guns, under command of the veteran Com. Barclay; and the fleet bearing the " broad stripes and bright stars" of the United States, consisted of nine vessels carrying 54 guns, under command of the young and inexperienced, but brave. Com. Oliver H. Perry. The result of this im- portant conflict was made known to the world in the following laconic dispatch, written at 4 p. M. of that day : "Dear (knerai: We havo ntt tn enemy, and they 'are onrs: Two ships tr/o brigs, one schooner, and one sloop. With esteem, etc., 0. H. Pbbbt " Gen. William H. Harrison."* Sandntlcy, "The BiTCrrr** oapito of Erie Ca, Ohio, is a port of entry and a place of oonsiderable trade. It is ad vantageously situated on Sandusky Baj: three miles from Lake Erie, in N. lat 41^ 27', W. long. 82<> 45*. The bay is abou* 20 miles long, and five or* six miles is width, forming a capacious and exoellen* harbor, into which steamers and veiselii of all sizes can enter with safety. Ilis average depth of water ii' from ten to twelve feet. The city is built on a bed of limestone, producing a good buildinf material It contains about 10,000 in- habitants, a court-house and jail, eight churches, two banks, several well-kept' hotels, and a number of large stores and manufacturing establishments of diffe^ ent kinds. This is the terminus of the Sandusky, Dayton, and OincinnaU BaUroad, 153 miles to Dayton, and the Sandusky, Mansfidd, and Hewark JRailtoad, 116 lliilfii in length. The Cleveland and Ibkdo BaiU road, northern division, also terminates at Sandusky. Toledo, one of the rzast ficvored Cities of the Lakes, is situated on the Maumee river, four miles from its mouth, and ten miles from the Turtle Island Li|;ht, at the outlet of the Maumee Bay mto Lake Erie. The harbor is good, and the navigable channel from Toledo of sufficient depl^ for all steamers or sail vessels navi- gating the lakes. Toledo is the eastern terminufi of the Wdbaah and Brie Canal, running through the Maumee and Wabash valleys, and communicating with tha Ohio River at Evansville, a distanc<» of 474 miles ; also of the Miami aind Erie Canal, which branches from the above canal 68 miles west of Toledo, and runs southwardly through the 2£iaiDi BUFFALO TO OLBVILAITD, TOLBDO, ITa— HiOUTR BHOMI ROUTB. 59 Galley in Western Ohio, and oommiini- jates with the Ohio Rirer at Oinoinnati, forming together the longest line of canal oavigation in the United States. The railroads diverging from T tures during the winter; two Imnks, two insurance companies, six hotels, and a great number of stores and storehouces ; also several extensive manufacturing es- tablishments. The principal hotels are the Island House and (Hiver House. The population of Toledo in 1850 was about 4,000, and now it is supposed to oontun 17,000 inhabitants, and is rapidly incveasing in wealth and numbers. Thie shipping interest is increasing, here being trans-shipped annually an amount of gprain exceeded only by Chicago, and other kinds of agricultural products of the gpreat West. This city is destined, like Chicago, to export direct to European porto. At this time there are in process of erection in Toledo many handsome dwel- lings, numerous handsome blocks of stores, a post-office and custom-house l^y the general government, and a first-class hotel; these two latter buildings, flrom the plans we have seen, would do credit to any city, and when completed can be classed among the most elegant struc- tures. No city in the State can boast of finer private residences than Toledo; and the general character of the buildings erected in the past four years is substan- tial and elegant. * Pbbrysburoh, the capital of Wood Co., Ohio, is situated on the right banlc the Erie Canal, Welland Canal, or Oswego cf the Maumee River, 18 miles above its Canal, to the seaboard. It is not mere.y the country traversed by these canals f^nd railroads that send their products, and re- ceive their merehaadise, through Toledo, entrance into Maumee Bay, the southern termination of Lake Erie. It contains a court-house and jail, four churches, 20 stores of diff'erent kinds, three steam saw- HJ'I -nni •d TSIP VBBOVOR TRB LlKBS. ■liUt, fttaniMrf, and te?fril tttior nana- flwturiiig MtaUishmenti. Popnlition •bout 1,600. Here it the head of ■team- boat naTigation on the Maumee Rifer, aflbrding thus fur a suffldent depth of water tof nteamen of a large olaM. Old Ibrt M9ig$^ flonoiM ftn having withetood a siege bj the British and In- dians in 1813, is one mile above this place. ICAUim Onr, Luoas Oo., Ohio, is a port of entry, situated on the Maumee Biver, opposite Perrysburgh, at the foot of the rapids and at the head of n4Hga> tion, nine miles above Toledo. A side out here connects the Wa^aah and Etie Canal with the riyer. The Toledo and niiums Railroad also passes through this place. It contains five churches, ten stores, four flouring-miUs, three aaw-miUs, one oil-mill, and other manufo(%uring es- taUishments propelled bj water-power, the supply being here slmost inexhausti- ble. Three miles above the city is the site of the famous battle fought against the Indians by Gen. Wayne, in 1794, known as the Battle of Miami Rapids. One mile below the town is Old Fort Mkuniy one of the early British posts. Maxtmbb River rises in the nortli- east part of Indiana, and flowing northeast enters Lake Erie, through Maumee Bay. It is about 100 iniles long, navigable 18 miles, and furnishing an extensive water- power throughout its course. The City of Monbob, capital of Monroe Co., Mich., is situated on both sides of the River Raisin, three miles above its entrance into Lake Brie, and dboni 45 miles firom Detroit It is connected with the Lake by a ship canal, and is a termi* nus of the Mumgan SouOiem RaUnad, which extends west, in connecticm wi^ the Northern Indiana Railroad, to Chioa* go, UL The town contains about 4,000 mhabitants, a court-house and jsfl, • United States land-office, eight diurohes, several public houses, and a number of large stores of different kinds. Here sie two extensive piers, forming an outport at the mouth of the river; the railrosd track running to the landing. A plank- road also runs firom the outport to (he dty, which is an old and interesting lo> cality, being formerly called Frenchtown, whidi was known as the scene of the battle and massacre of River Raisin in the war of 1813. The Detroit, Monroe, and Toledo RaiWoad, just comjdeted, passes through this dty. Steamers run from Detroit to Toledo, stopping at Monroe. Tbbnton, situated on the west bank of Detroit river, is a steamboat landing and a place of considerable trade. PopulatioD, 1,000. Wtandotti, ten miles below Detroit, is a new and flourishing manufacturing village, where are located the most ex- tensive Iron Works in Michigan. The iron used at this establishment comes mostly f^om Lake Superior, and is con- sidered equal in quality to ai^ in the world. The village contains wout 1,600 inhabitantisf. Railroad poate around Eiake Erie. This important body of water being en- oompasseii by a band of iron, we subjoin the following TatAe of Distances i Milefc Buflfhlo to Paris, 0. W., via Buffalo and Lake Bwon RaHroad, 84 Paris to Windsor or Detroit, via Chreai Wettem BaOmiiy, 158 via MilML DetfoU 63 Detroit to Toledo, Ohio, and Toledo R. R., Toledo to Cleveland, via Clevdandand Tikdo R. R., 107 Cleveland to Erie, Pa., via CUvekmd and Brie R. R, 96 Erie to Buffido, via Lake Shore Road, 88 Total miles, 695 OHIO RIVBR AVD 1.AKI BRU 0AVAL8.-^F0IIT WATVB. 61 ThtextNBM Iragth of Lain Brto ii 250 mUea, from the mouth of l^iagwa Birer to IfAumse Bi^; the oircuit of the ldc» Abooft 660 mOee, befaig about 100 milea leia diataaoe than haa been atatecl by aoiM writeia on tha great lakaa. OMm RlTor Mid lAke Erl9 Cfanalt. The eonpletion of th* If uvi Oaital Bakes four ^Uatinet ehannels of oommu- Bioation from the Ohio River through the SUvte of Ohio to Lake Brie, namdy: 1. The £!rie Exitemion Cbnoj; from BeaTer, twenty- VKB TwO THOUSAND MlUBB. Potii, tu. PIsM to Pli OLSTBLAlfOuOhlO lliUd«n,0. W 100 DKTBorr, Mloh 90 Lak«8taair 7 AlgonM,Mioh 88 JTewport, »♦ 6 SLOatr,* 10 Post Huboh ** Port Swnla, 0. W. Potnt an Barque— i at Off ShIuw B«yf *" Thander Bay Island 75 Point do Tonr I ' ok 8tMary*tBiTerf ** Chmrelf 9 Landing , 86 Baot Sti. Maris 14 Point Iroquoia 15 White Fish Point 25 Point aa Mble 60 PIctared Books SO Orand Island 10 Jfar^tMMe, Mich 40 Portase Entry 70 Hoxtaktot, Mloh (on Portage Manitou Island 56 Copfier Harbor 15 Eagle Harbor .... ^ 16 EagU Itimer 10 OtUonagon^ Mich 60 La Pointt^\A 74 Mui(fUld,m» 4 Point de Tom- 10 BvnnnoB, Oity, Wit 70 llll«a.i 01 100 190 137 160 166 176 198 960 885 490 456 470 486 510 560 58(M 600 680 700 Lake). 766 770 786 796 866 880 984 944 1,014 Pnr«t,*a SOPBBIOR City, Wis.. Point deToor AiMM(i,Wis LaPoinW Ontonagon, Mich.... BagU Biver "" ... Eagle Harbor ** . . . Oopper Harbor **.... Mamtoa Island Portage Entry Houi^ton, Mich Marmuitte^^ Orand Island Pictured Bodka Point an Sable.: White Fish Point.... Point Iroqaoil SAtiT 8«B. Minn... (Jhureh^e Landing... Point de Tour, ) Lake Huron, (•••••• Thunder Bay Island., Off Saginaw Bay I Point au Barque ^ "" Post Hckon, Mich. ) PortSarnia,C. W. f St, CZ ir, Mich Newport''^ Algonac, Mich St Clair Flats Dktkoit, Blich Maiden, C. W OUCVBLAND, Ohio.. . . . toPliM. Mtaa • TO 10 10 80 4 84 74 108 60 918 10 988 16 9M 15 65 a: Portage lake). 70 W4 40 10 ^ «! 90 " 454 50 804 95 088 15 644 14 008 86 084 85 m 75 704 67 881 17 888 10 848 6 864 10 864 80 884 90 914 100 1,014 DITBOIT. f MM. B» d on thi or Binikr w plaoti ^■tranglh* Duort pifi rUnt oml i if «t te rljshowB. BriUin It Dportanot. n time of sbesttiBMi » SnAX- PlMMb UOm. 10 80 4 84 4 106 ) 818 » m » 944 IS SM rtegeLdteV > 864 ! t ) 4M ) 804 S 680 S B44 I Boe 1 604 ( m ( 104 r 8S1 888 1 848 864 » 864 ) 804 914 > 1,014 in institiite, water-worin, and gM-worka, four grain aloT- ators, Ato tteam griat-miUt, and aeveral atoam aaw- mill% baatdaa a great nam* bar of otbar mannfhofcor* ingeatabliahmenti. Thtra are alao aoTeral eztenaiTt Detroit* "THiOiTTOrTBiSTEAnm,"; 8hip*jard8 and maohine-ehopa, where are a port of ent77, and the great oommeroial mart of the State, ia favorably situated in N. lat 42° 20', W. long. 82* 68' on a rirer or strait of the same name, eieyated Rome 30 or 40 feet above its surface, be« ing seven miles below the outlet of Li^e St. Clair and twenty above the mouth of the river, where it enters into ^ke Erie. It extends for the distance of upward of s mile upon the southwest bank of the river, where the stream is three-fourths of a mile in width. The prInoiiMEd public and private ofBoes and wholesiue stores are located on Jefferson and Woodward avenues, which cross each other at right angles, the latter running to the water's edge. There may usually be seen a great number of steamboats, propellers, and nil vessels of a larg^e dass, loading or unloading their rich carg^s, destined for Eastern markets or for the Great West, giving an animated appearance to this lAaoe, which is aptly called the Cfity of the Straits. It was incorporated in 1816, being now divided into ten F^rds, and governed by a mayor, recorder, and board of aldermen. Detroit contains the old State-house, from the dome of which a fine view is obtained of the city and vi- cinity; the Oity Hall, Masonic Hall, Fire- men's HaU, Mechanic's Hall, Odd Fellows' Hall, the Young Men's Society Building, two Market BuUdings, forty Churches, ten Hotels, besides a number of taverns; a IJnited States Custom-house and Post- office, and United States Lake Survey office, a theatre, a museum, two orphan asylums, four banks, and a savings* fund buQt and repaired yesseu of every description. The population 1860 was 21,891; in I860, 46,610. The principal Hotels are the Biddl» Souse, and Michigan Exchange^ on Jefferson avenue, and the Russett Boutej on Wood- ward avenue, facing Campus MarUuSj an open square near the centre of the Oity. Detroit may be regarded aa one of the most favored of all the Western citiea of the Union. It was first settled by IIm French explorers as early aa 1101, aa a military and fur trading port. It changed its garrison and militarV govumment in 1760 for* a British military oommander and troops, enduring under the latter f^- gime a series of Indian sieges, assaults, and petty but vigilant and harassing war- fare, conducted against the English gar- rison by the celebrated Indian warrior Pontiaa Detroit subsequently ;,passed into possession of the American revolu- tionists ; but on the 16th August, 1812, it was surrendered by Gen. Hull, of the United States army, to Gen. Brock, oom- mander of the British forces. In 1813 it was again surrendered to the Americana, nnder Gen. Harrison. The following Railroad lines diverge firom Detroit: 1. The Detrtyit, Monroe, and Ibkdo RaSU roa/iy 62 miles in length, connecting with the Michigan Southern Railroad at Mon- roe, and with other roads at Toledo. 2. The Michigan Central BaOroad, 282 miles in leng^ extends to Chicago, DL Thm important road, running across the Stats from east to wwt, oonneota at •4 TRIP TOmOUOB fWM LAKlt. Mlohlfui Oitjt, Ind., with Ite Ntw Al- bntjaadfiUMi BaQixMd — ^U&us forming » direet Une of tnif«l to LouiiyUlc, St Louia, •le., m w«U m Ohioago andth* Far Waat 8. Tim Ihtroit tmd MOwamlm EaOrpad mna through • rich aaotion of oountiyto Oraad H«t«b, on Late Ifiehigaii, op> poaila Milwaiikoa, Wia. 4. TbuJklroUemdl^&uronRaaroad, oonnaotlBg with tha Grand Trunk Bail- war of OHiad% oonnaota Lake Huron by rail with tha Tallur of the Ohio Rifwr. ft. Tha OretU HMmiSatiuNiy of Canada haa ita tanninua at Windaor, oppoaite Detroit, tha two plaoea being connected bj three ateam (erriea—thua affording a raeedy line of trayel through Oanada, and thence to Saatem oitiea of Hba United Btatea. ^ 8teamer8 of a large olasa run from De- troit to OleTeland, Toledo, and other porta on Lake Brie ; othera run to Port Huron, Saginaw, Ck)odrich, 0. W., and other ports OB Lake Huron. ^e Lake Superior line of steamers run- ning from Olaveland and Detroit direct for the Saut 8te. Marie, and all the prin- cipal ports onlAke Superior, are of a large class, carrying passengers and freight. This haa become one of the most fashion- able and healthy excursions on the con- tinent. The Dbtboit Rivib, or Strait, is a noble stream, through which ilow the surplus waters of the Upper Lakes into Lake Erie. It is 27 miles in length, and from half a mile to two miles in width, forming the boundary between the United States and Canada. It has aperceptible current, and is navigable for vessels of the largest daiiB. Large quantities of fish are annually taken in we river, and the sportsman usually finds an abundance of wild ducks, which breed in great numbers in the marshes bordering some of the islands and harbors of the coast. There ace i^together seventeen ialattls In the river. The names of these ai% Cloy, Odmm, Biehory, Sugar, Baia BUm, BOa, /MB, Bodt, QrtMe Itk, iSitoney, Fight, ing, n«r*Mf, JAmmiy JIk^ Chra$9v, MU JMItoc A^and/^ltt M;^ The two latter aie aftiiated • fcw mllea above Da. troit, neir the eatraaee to Lake St Cfadr, where large qnaatitiea of white-llahan annually taken. iLi ul PftoHi, attached to Canada, was the h(Hne of the celebrated Indian chief Bmiiae, Parkman, in his "History of tha Consplrapy of Pontiao^" says: "Pontiat^ the Satan of this forest-paradise, was a^ customed to spend the early part of the aununer upon a small island at the open- ing of Lake St. Glair." Another author says: "The king and lord of all this country lived in no royal state. His cabin waa a small, oven-shaped structqre of bark and rushes. Here he dwelt with his squaws and children: and here, doubtless^ he might often have been seen carelessly redining his naked form on a ruiA-mat or a bear-skin, like an ordinanr Indian war- rior." The other fifteen islands, most of them small, are situated below Detroit, within the first twelve miles of the river after entering it from Lake Erie, the largest of which is Obossb IsLB, attached to Michi- gan, on which are a number, of extensive and w^ll-cultivated farms. IMa island has become a very popnlar retreat for citizens of Detroit during the heat of summer, there being here located good public houseii for ttie accommodation of visitors. Father Hennepin, who waa a passenger on. the "OrifiBn,". the first vessel that crossed Lake Erie, in 16*79, in his descrip- tion of the soeneiy- along the route says: " The iuands are the finest in the world: the strait is finer than Niagara; the banks are vast meadows, and the pros- pect is terminated with some hills covered with vineyards, trees bearing good fruit; groves and forests so well diuposed that DBTROIT AVB imWAUKBB RAXLllOAO AND BTIAMSHIP Uiqi. w one would tliiak tliftt Nature alone could not have mad«a, without the help of art, so charming » proapeot'* ooMPAKATm pumirr or n&nort wtm WATIB. The .following Table ahowa the aolid natter in a gallon of water, taken firom LiUces and Bivere in difllsrent oitiea : AlbuiT, Hndaon BWer 0.880 Troy, Mohawk BWer T.880 Boston. GoehitUBte Lake 1.8fi0 New York. CrotoD Btver a.998 Brooklyn. L I. Ponds S.867 Philadelphia, Schuylkill I^ i.86i> Cincinnati, Ohio Blyer 6.7W Lake Ontario 4.:.std Detroit, Detroit River. M29 Cleveland, Lake Erie ^ &000 Montreal, St. Lawrenoe B &.000 Of the Detroit River water, F«o^ Douglass, in his report of the anal} <}i8, 8sys : " In estimating the value of your ci^ water, as compared with other cities, due ollowanoe must be made for the fact, that the total solid matter ia materially increased by the presence of silica, alumina, and iron, elements thai can produce little or no injury ; while the chlorides, much the most ii^urious com- pounds, are entirely absent. The pres- ence of such larg^ quantities of silica and iron is accounted for by the AK)t that Lakes Superior and Huron are formed, for the most part, in a basin of ferruginous sandstone and igneous rock." * '^ToTBi— The purity of the waters of Lake Superior, probaoly exceeds all other bodies of wtier on the fkce of |he globe, affording a eool and delightfbl beverage at dl sesaons. Oompovative Increase of EtBke Cttlei. 1840 ISfiOi 18Ml Bv rr^LO, New York. .... 18,218 42,861 81,181* CnioAOO, 111 . 4,470 2&2Thia is a thriv* TRIP FROM DETROIT' TO MACKINAC, ORKEN BAY, CHICAGO, StC. 60 ing place, with many fine buQdingiit and is a great lumber dep6t. It contains the county buUdings for St. Clair Co., several churches and hotels, one flouring-mill, and five steam saw-mills, besides other manu- facturing establishments, and about 3,000 inhabitants. St. Clair has an active business in the construction of steamers and other lake craft. The site of old fbrt St. Clair, now in ruins, is on the border of the town. SouTHEitLAND, C. W., Is a BthoXL village on the Canada shore, opposite St. Clair. It was laid out in 1833 by a Scotch gentle- man of tlie same name, who here erected an .Episcopal church, and made other valuable improvements. MooaE, is a small viU^^e ten miles below Samia on the Canalla side. Fromefield, or Talfourits, C. W., is anotiier small village, handsomely situated four and a half mil^s below Samia. Here is an Episcopal church, a windmill, and a cluster of dwellings. The city of Port Huron, St daii* Co., Mich., a port of entry, is advantageous- ly situated on the west bank of St. Clair River, at the mouth of Black River, two mUes bebw Lake Huron. It was char- tered in 1838, and now contains one Con- gregational, one Episcopal, (me Baptist, one Methodist, and one Roman Catholic Church ; six hotels, and public houses, forty stores, and several warehouses ; dne steam flouring-mtll, eight steaia saw-mills, producing annually a large amount of lumber, the logs being rafted down Black Hiver, runniug through an eztenfliye pine region ; here are also, two yards for build- ing of lake craft, two refineries of petrole- um oil, one iron foundry, and several other manufacturing establishments. Popula- tion in 1860, 4,000. During the season of navigation, there is daily intercourse by steamboats with Detroit, Saginaw, and ports on the Tipper Lakes. A steam ferry-boat also plies be- tween Port Huron and Sarnia, C. W., the St Clair River here being about one mile in widtA. A branch of the G rand Trus^ Railway runs from Fort Gratiot, one mUe and a half above Port Huron, to Detroit, a distance of 62 miles, afibrding alto- gether speedy mides of conveyance. ,A raLhroad is also proposed to run from Port Huron, to intersect with the Detroit and Milwaukee Railroad, at Owaaso, Miohr igan. Fort Gratiot, one and a half miles north of Port Huron, lies directly oppo- site Point Henry, C. W., both situated f^ the foot of Lake Huron, where commences St. Clair River. It has become an impor- tant point since the completion of the Grand Trunk Railway of Canada, finished in 1859; which road terminates by a branch at Detroit, Mich., thus forming a direct railroad communication from Lake Huron, eastward, to Montreal, Queb^, and Portland, Maine. The village stands contiguous to. the site of Fort Gratiot, and contains besides the railroad building^, which are exten* sive, one church, five public houses, tbd Gratiot House being a wellrkept hotel; two stores, one oil refinery, and about 400 inhabitants. A steam ferry-boat plies aeross the St Clair River, to accommodate passengers and freight; the river Iiere being about 1,000 feet wide^ and running with considerable velocity, having a depth of from 20 to 60 feet In a military and commercial point of view, this place attracts great attention^ no doubt, being destined to increaee in population and importance. The Fort was built in 1814, at the dose of the war with Great Britain, and consists of a stockade, including a magazine, barracks, and other accommodations for a garrison of one bat- talion. It fully commands the entrance to Lake Huron from the American shore, and Is an interesting landmark to the mar- iner. Sarnia, C. "W., situated on the east bank of St Clair River, two miles below 70 TRIP THROUGH TBK LAXIB. Lake Huron and €'6 abovn Detroit, ia a port of entry and a place of oonsidentble trade ; two lines of railroad terminate at this point, and it is closely connected with Port Huron on tL<. American shore by means of a steam 'er^ j. The town con- tains a court-hour ai; \ Jail, county ras- ter's office and tov.n hall; one Episcopal, one Methodist, one Congregational, one Baptist, one Roman Oatholio, and one Free Church ; seven public houses, the princi- pal being the Alexander House and the Western Hotd; twenty stores and sev- eral groceries; two grain elevatorc, two steam saw-mills ; one steam grifit-mih, one larg^ barrel factory, one steam cabinet fa<^ory, one steam iron foundry, and one refinery of petroleum oil, besides other manufacturing esitablishments. Popula- tion, ;i,000. The Grand Trunk Railway of Canada terminates at Point Edward, 2 miles fttxai Bamia, extending eastward to Montreal, Quebec, and Portland, Me. ; a branch of the Great Western Railway also termi- nates at Samia, affording a direct commu- nication with Niagara Falls, Boston, and New York. Steamers run from Samia to Goderich and Saugeen, C. W. ; also to and from Detreit, and ports on the Upper Lakes. The celebrated Ennxshiaen Oil WeUs, yielding an immense quantity of petroleum oU.of a superior quality^ are distant some 18 or 20 miles ft'om Samia, this being the nearest shipping povt. These wells are easy of access by ''joeans of railway and plank-roads ; the oil is brought to Samia in barrels, and much of it shipped from hence direct to European ports, passing down the St. Lawrence River. The St. Clair River, opposite Samia, here one mile in width, flows downward with a strong current, at the rate of about six mUes an hour. Steamboat Route froai Sar* nla to Godeiicli, Sauveen, etc. Steamers running to and from Detroit on theur way to the different ports on the east shore of Lake Huron, usually hug the Canada side, leaving the broad waters of the lake to ^e westward. Point Edwabo, 2 miles above Saraia, lies at the foot of Lake Huron, opposite Fort Gratiot, where are erected a large dep6t and warehouses connected with the Grand Trunk Railway of Canada. Here terminates the grand railroad connection extending from the Atlantic ocean to the Upper Lakes. It also commands the entrance into Lake Huron and is an im- portant military position although at pres- ent unfortified. In the vicinity is an ex- cellent fisliery, from wh^ice lai^ quanti- ties of fish are annually export^ Batfibld, C. W., 108 nlUes from De- tioit, is a new and flourishing place, sit- ua\'ed at the mouth of a river of ^e same nam9. GrO.'iBRiOH, 120 miles north of Detroit, is siti\ated on elevated gi'ound at the mouth of Maitland River, where is a good harbor. This is vmill. It has some three or four hundred inhabi- taats, mostly engaged in the lumber trade. Several other small settlements are situ- ated on the west shore of Lake Huron, which can be seen from the ascendmg steamer, before reaching Point aux Bar- ques, about seventy-five miles above Port Huron. Saginaw Bat is next entered, present- ing a wide expanse of waters ; Lake Hu- ron here attaining its gpreatest width, where the mariner often encounters fierce storms, wliich are prevalent on all of the Upper Lakes. To the eastward lies the Georgian Bay of Canada^ with its innu- merable islands. ' Bay Cut, or Lowbb Saginaw, near the mouth of Saginaw River, is a flourish- ing town, with a population of about 2,500. Here is a good harbor, from whence a large amount of lumber is an- nually exported. It has fifteen saw-mills, and other manufacturing establishments. / • \ Steamers run daily to Detroit and other ports. East Saginaw, situated on the right bank of the river, about one mile below Si^inaw City, is a new and flourishing pl^, and bids fair to be one of the moEt important cities of the state. It is largely engaged in the lumber trade, and 'in the manufacture of salt of a superior quality. There are several large steam saw-miUs, many with gangs of saws, and capable of sawing from four to five million feet of lumber annually ; grist and flouring-mills, with four run of stones, planing-mills, foundries, mabhine shops, breweries, a ship-yard, and other manufacturing es- tablishments, giving employment to a great number g£ workmen. Here is a well-kept hotel, and several churches ; a banking office an4 a number of larg^ stores and warehouses. Goal of a good quality is abundant, being found near the river, and the recent (Uscovery of aaU springs in the neighborhood is of incal- culable value, the manufacture of salt being carried on very extensively. Popu- lation, 4,500. Several lines of steamers, and one of propellers, sail from this port cegularly for Detroit and other lake ports. It is near the head of navigation for lake craft, where five rivers unite with the Saginaw, giving several hundred miles of water communication for river rafting and the fioating of saw-logs. The surrounding country is rich in pine, oak, cheiry, black- walnut, and other valuable timber. A railroad ia finished from this place to Flint, connecting by stages with the De- troit and Milwaukee raih'oad. Saginaw Gitt, Saginaw Gounty, Mioh., Is iiandsomely situated on the left bank of the river, 23 miles above its mouth. It contains a court-house and jail, several churdies, two hotels, fifteen stt:>res, two warehouses, and six steam saw-mills. Population about :->,000. There is a fine section of country in the roan of Sa^^.ma;;, 78 TRIP nntovoB THs Lins. muohof which is Leavilr timbered; the ■dl produces grain in aoundanoe, while the streams afford means of easy trans- portfttton so market Steamers run duly from Saginaw Oity and East Saghiawto Detroit, Chi&ij^ro, Ao., and other ports on the lakes, diuk^g the season of naviga- tiODU Mjqi nvmn. The waters of Lake Huron, lying be- tween 43*^ and 46^ north latitude, are surrounded by low shores op. every sido The mom prominent features are Saginaw Bay 027 the noutb west, and the Georgian Bay.ovi the northeast ; the latter \arge bod^ of water being entirely in the limits of Canada, i iie lakd proper, may be said to be IOC miles in width, from 'east to west, and 2&0 miles in length, from south to north, terminating at the Straits of ICaddnao. It is nearly destitute of is- lands, presenting one broad expanse of waters. It possesses seyeral good har- bors on its western shores, although as yet but little frequented. Point aux Barques, Thunder Bay, and Thunder Bay Iskmds, are prominent points to the mariner. Tawab, or Ottawa Bat, Wing on the northwest side of Saginaw Bay, affords a good harbor and refuge during storms, as well as Thukobb Bat, lying farther to fhe north. Off Saginaw Bay, the widest part of the lake, rough weather is often experienced, rendering it necessary for steamers and sail vessels to run for a har- bor or place of safety. la addition to the suiplus waters which Lake Huron receives through the Straits of Mackinac and the St. Mary's Biver firom the north, it receives the waters of SAginaw Biver, and several other small streams from the west. This lake drains but a very small section of country com- pared to its magnitude, while its depth is » matter of astonishment, being from 100 to tSO feel^ according to recent surveys; altiiude above the ocean, 674 feet, bdng 2(> feet below the f^urfiK» of Lake Supe- rior. Its om ««;:;, the St. Glair River, does not seem to be much larger than the St. Mary's River, its priKipal inlet, thus leav- ing nearly all its otnir waters falling in the basin, to pass off by evaporation. On entering the St Clair River, at Fort Ora> tiot, after passing over the Upper Lakes, the beholder is surprised to find all these accumulated waters compressed down to a width of about 1,000 feet, the depth varying ft^m 20 to 60 feet, with a etxong downward current. The Straits of Mackinac, connecting Lakes Huron and Michigan, is a highly interesting body of water, embosoming several picturesque islands, with beautiful headlands along its shores. It varies in Width from 6 to 30 miles, from mainland to mainland^ and may be said to be from 30 to 40 miles in length. Here are good fishing grounds, as well as at several other pomts on Lake Huron and Georgian Bay. >■ The climate of Lake Huron and its shores is perceptibly warmer than Lake Superior during the spring, summer, and autumn monUis, while the winter season is usually rendered extremely cold from the prevalence of northerly winds passing over its exposed surface. On the 30th of July, 1860, at 8 a. h., the temperature of the air near the middle of Lake Hiuron, was 64*=* Fahr., the water on the surface, 52^, and at the bottom, 60 fathoms (300 feet) 42'' Eahr. T8S LOWSB "PtSISBVLk 07 VLCBSBAX, Tbdb Lower Peninauia of Michigan is nearly surrounded by the waters of the Great Ibices, and, in this respect, its situ- ation is naturally more fovorable for all the purposes of trade and commerce than any other of the Western States. The numerous streams which penetrate every portion of the Peninsula, some of whidi are navigable for steamboats a oon- nderable distance fifom the lake, being natural outlets for the products of the interior, render this whole region desira- ble for purposes of settlement and cultiva- tion. Even as far north as the Strait of Mackinac, the soil and climate, together with the valuable timber, offer great in- ducements to settlers ; and if the proposed railroads, under the recent grant of large portions of these lands by Congress, are constructed from and to the different points indiisated, thu» extensive and heavi- ly timbered region will speedily be re- dfumed, and become one of the most lubstantial and prosperous agricultural portions of the west. It is well that in the system of compen- sation, wMch seems to be a great law of the universe, the vast prairies which comprise so large a portion of this great Western domain are provided so well with CorresponcUng regions of timber, affording fhe necessary supply of lumber for the demand of l^e increai^Mttppulation which is 80 rapidly xx^urinj^^Bhese Western States. ^IV^ The State of Michigan— «I1 the waters i which flow into the Basin of the St. Lawrence — ^Northern Wisconsin, and Min- nesota we the sources from which the States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Iowa, ttd a larg^ portion of the prairie country west of the Mississippi, must derive their supply of tl^ important article (lumber). The supply in the West is now equal to the demand, but the consumption is so great, •nd the deooand so constantly increasing with the development and settlement of the country, that of necessity, within comparatively a very few years, these vast forests will be exhausted. But as the timber is exhausted the soil is prepared for cultivation, and a large portion of the northern part of the southern Peninsula of Michigan will be settled and cultivated, as it is the most reliable wheat-growing portion of the Union. Besides the ports and towns already described, there are on Lake Hurori, after leaving Sa{iinaw Bay, going north, several settlements and luml^r establishments, fisheries, &c. These are at Tawaa Say, mouth of the River au Sable, Blacic River, &c. Alpena, situated at the head of Thun- der Bay, is a very flourishing town, and the capital of Alpena County. It contains about 500 inhabitants, and four saw-nulls, possessing a superior water-power on the river here emptying into the bay. It is both a lumber and fishing statidn of con- siderable importance. Duncan is the next place of importance on the lake coast, situated near the mouth of Cheboygan River. The United States Land Office for this district is located at this place. Nearly opposite lies Bois Blanc Island, a large and fertile tract of laof. The celebrated Island ot Mackinao is next reached, lying within the struts, surrounded by a duster of interesting points of land justly celebrated in Indian legends and traditions. Old Mackinao, lymg on the mainland, is one of the most interesting points, being celebrated both in French and English history when those two great powers con- tended for the possession of this vast Lake Region. It is proposed to build a railroad from Old Mackinac to Saginaw, and one to the southern confines of the State, while another Une of road will extend north-" westward to Lake Superior, crosshig the 74 TRIP THROUGH TBI LAKIS. ttraits hj ft steam tbnj. A town plot hai been eanreyed, and preparations made for settlement. Passing around the western extremity of the Peninsula, at the Waugothance Light and Island, the next point is Zittfe Travern Bay, a most beautiful sheet of water. About fifteen miles southwesterly from little Traverse we enter Grand Tbavebsb Bat, ft large and beautiful arm of the lake, extending about thirty miles inland. This bay is divided into two parts by a point of land, from twro to four miles wide, extending from the head of the bay about eighteen miles toward the lake. The country around this bay is exceedingly picturesque, and embraces one of the finest agricultural portions of the State. The climate in mild, and ft'uit and |;rain of all kinds suitable to a northern latitude are produced, with less liability to injury Arom frost than in some of the southern portions of the State. Oband Tbavibsk Gitt is located at the head of the west arm of the bay, and is the terminus of the proposed nulroad from Grand Rapids, a distance of about 140 miles. Passing out of the bay and around the point dividing the* west arm from the lake, we first arrive at the river Aux Bees Sceis. There is here a natural harbor, capable of accommodating the larger class of vessels aad^jiamboats. A town named Fran £- FOBfni& been commenced at this place, atid with its natural advantages, and the enterprise of parties who now contemplate making further improvements, it will soon become a very desirable and convenient point for the accommodation of navigators. The islands comprising the Beavers, the Manitous, and Fox Islds should here be noticed. The Beavers lie a little south of west from the entrance to the Strait of Mackinac, the Manitous a little south of these, and the Foxes still farther down the lake. These are all valuable for fishing gurposes, and for wood and lumber. Lying 1 ^e route of all the steamboat lines from Chicago to Buflhio and the Upper Laken^ the httrbors on these islands are stopping* points for the boats, and a profitable trade is conducted in furnishing the necessarj supplies of wood, etc. We next arrive at Manistkb, a small but important settlement at the mouth ct the Manistee River. The harbor is a natural one, but requires some improve- ment. A large trade is carried oa with Chicago in lumber. The next point of importance is the mouth of the Pere Marqtuite River. Here is the terminus of the proposed railroad from Flint, in Genesee County, oonneot> ing with Detroit by the Detroit and Mil- waukee Railway, a distance of about 180 miles. The harbor is very superior, and the country in the vicinity is well adapted for settlement. About 16 miles in the inte- rior is situated one of the most compact and extensive tracts of pine timber on the western coast. About forty miles south of this, in the county of Oceana, a small village is looi^ ted at the mouth of White River. The har- bor here is also a natural one, and the region is settled to considerable extent by farmers. Lumber is, however, the prin- cipal commodity,^ and the trade is prin- cipally with the Chicago market. The next point, Muskbgon, at the month of the Muskegon River, is supported prin- cipally by the^^ra^e lumber region of the integer. |Hh|ous steam saw-miUs are now in ac^^H^ration here, giving the place an ai^Wue and activity. The harbor is one of the best on the lake, and is at present accessible for all the vessels trading between Muskegon and Chicago. Grand Havbn, Ottawa Co., Mich, is situated on both sides of Grand River, at its entrance into Lake Midiigpan, here eighty-five miles wide; on the opposite side lies MUwaukee, Wis. Ibrjvrther descr^ Hon, see pagt 66. Sailin Xackina St. Marj miles, th of land ( Thund passed, t the lake inaois » nantic I ofMackii fromLak ways con traveiier. forages t neroe, an^ with civil In this Huron is ti affording I ness and ii often are t IjruflBed, i the voyage experience IfACKlNj wave the i *-Per j other locali »ate, for iti »ta vicinity tte invalid fellas thee enjoyment t WMm weatl . On leaviui Jeamer gen Jhe mouth o Islands in Li we waters o SOMMBR I jttdRooK Is |Mtheentran( vie ppinff* 9trado efisary k small otttb of >r is ft oprove- m with is th« . Hero railroad oonned* tnd Mil- tout 180 and ihs apted for the inte- oompaot »er on the ds,intba ^ isloca- The har- and the extent by the prill- is prin* \e month Irtedprin- Iregionof Isaw-miu* Ire, giving fity. let on the I for aU the jegon aod Mich, is Biver, at I, here Bite side desonf DIRECT STSAKBOAT BOITTS FBOX DBTBOIT TO OBESH BATrOiaCAQO, fte. Sailing direct throogh Lake Horon lo ICackinac, or to the De Tour eatnnoe to St. Mary's Riyer, » distanoe of about 830 miles, the steamer often runs out ot tight of land on crossing Saginaw Bay. Thunder Bay Light is first si^fhted and passed, and then I^sque Isle Light, when the lake narrows and the Strait of Maok- inao is soon entered, where lies the to- mantio Island of Mackktaa The Strait of Mackinac, with the approaches thereto from Lakes Huron and Midiigan, wiU al- wavB command attention from the passing trayeiier. Through this channel wUl pass, for ages to come^ a great current of com> meroe, and its shosM will be enlivened with civilized life. In ^is great omnmerdal route, Lake Huron is traversed its entire length, o|ten affording the traveller a taste of sea-siok- ness and its consequent evils. Yet there often are times when Lake Huron is hard- ly ruflBed, and the timid passenger ei^joyp ti>e voyage with as much zest as the mo'^-e experienced mariner. Maokikao, crownedby a fortress, where wave the Stant and the Stripes, the gem of the Upper Lake islands, may vie with any other locality for the salubrity of its di- mate, for its picturesque beauties, and for its vicinity to fine fishing-grounds. Here the invalid, the seeker of pleasure, as well as the sportsman and angler, can find enjoyment to their heart's content during varm weather. Far dMcription, seep. 88. On leaving Mackinac for Green Bay, the steamer generally runs a west course for the mouth of the bay, passing the Beaver Islands in Lake Michiga)i before entering I the waters of Green I^y, about 150 miles. SuMMBB Island lies on the north side IndRooK Island lies on the south side of the entrance to Green Bay, forming a charming view from the deck of a steamer. 'WiiflHorGTov or FotawitouhIsluiI^ OBAimM' l8L4n», and other small iilaadi are next passed on the upward trip toward Uie head of the bay. Washinotov Habbob, situated at the north end of Washington Island, is a pictu- resque fishing station, affording a good steamboat-landing and safe anchorage. Gbbbn Bat, about 100 miles long and fW>m 20 to 30 miles wide, is a sple&did sheet of water, destined no doubt to be enlivened with commerce and pleasure exo?>rsions. Here are to be seen a num- ber of picturesque islands and headlands. Several important streams enter into Green Bay, the largest of which is Neenah or Fox River, at its head, and is the outlet of Winnebago Lake. Menomonee River forms the boundary between the States of Wisconsin and Michigan, and empties in- to the bay opposite Green Island. The recent improvement of the Fox and Wisc^Mii^ Rivers, not only opens steam- boat navigation between the Bay and the head of l^e Winnebago, but it connects the Fox and Wisconsin Rivers, one of which, fiovdng norUiward, fiills into the At- lantic through the St. Lavnrenoe, and the other, running southward, discharges its waters, through the Mississippi, into the Gulf of Mexico. By this connection a^ steamer can start fW>m NeW Orleans, pass up the Mississippi to the mouth of thie Wisconsin, pass up this river to Portage, through a short canal to the Upper Fox Rivers, down this river to Lake Winne- bago, at Oshkos^— down the lake to the point where it contracts into the Lower Fox, — down this romantic river some thirty-five miles, by means of numerous canals around the principal rapids, into Green Bay, and so on without interruption through the great lakes into the St. Law- rence to the Atlantic Ocean. 76 TUP THROUGH THK LAKKS. Ctreen Bay, one of tbe most ftivored oitiet of Wisooniiin, the Capital of Brown Oounty, is adranta- geously situated near the mouth of Fox or Neenah river, at its entrance into Green Bay, where is a good and secure harbor. It lies 90 mOes sonthwest from Lake Michigan, by water, 26 miles due west of Kewaunee, on the west shore of Lake Michigan, and 115 mites north tfom Milwaukee. The town is handsomely situated, and con- tains many large warehouses and elegant residences, together with several churches, hotels, and stores of different kinds, and about 5,000 inhalntants. The improve- ment of Fox River by dams and lodis, in connection with the improvements on the Wisconsin River, affbrds mi uninterrupted steam navigation firom Green Bay to Prai- rie dtt Chien, on the Miasissippi River — thus making Green Bay a great point for the trans-shipment of goo(& and produce of every variety ; the largest class steam- ers uid propellers running to Chicago on the south, Saut Ste. Marie on the north, as well as to Collingwood, to Samia, to Detroit, and to Buffalo on the east. The lumber trade of Green Bay is immense, this whole section of country abounding in tunber of different kinds the most use- ful for building purposes. There is no city in the West which can boast of a po- sition so advantageous commercially, or which will compare with it in after years in the wealth and extent of its trade. Witii an uninterrupted water communicap tion East and South, a harbor five miles in length, capable of accom- modating the shipping of the whole laKen, it will eventual- ly be connected by Railroad with every important point West and North, as the ne* est route to and ttova. the East- em and Southern markets. AcnoB is the name of a sub- urb of Oreen Bay, lying at the mouth of Fox River, while on the opposite side of the stream stands Fort Howard, surrounded by a village of the same name, where tei^ minates uie Chkago and Northwest Rail' way, runniftg south to Chicago, 242 milea Oconto, situated on Green Bay, at the mouth of the Oconto River, is a new and thriving lumber settlement. It lies 26 miles north of the town of Green Bay, liaving daily communioation by steamboat. As regards the lumbering inter^ts of this regfion, a late writer says : " Oconto County is a portion of the gpreat Pine re- gion of Northern Wisconsin, lying along the west shore of Green Bay, Mid is, tor lumbering purposes, one of the most im- portant counties in the State— being easy of access during the seaacm of navigation, and supplied with an almost exhaustless amount of excellent pine timber. Jfene- kaunee is at the extreme northern verge of the oounty, at the mouth of Menomo- nee River, and is already the seat of an important trade. The settlement (which also includes " Mission Point" and "Mari- nette") is scattered along the bank of the river for a distance of some two miles, and contains about 1,500 inhabitants. "The extensive mills of the *N. T. Lumber Co.' are located at this point, and are well worth a trip from your city to see. Some idea may be formed of the vast amount of business done by this Company, when the fact is stated, that they had within their booms, at the com- mencement of the season, over fifty actfs of h(js. This vast amount of material will find its way into market, before the seaaoo BTBAUDOAT ROUTE PROM DBTROIT TO QRBBN BAT, OHIOAOO, BTO.^ ' 11 acooin* l^of the ventual* R,ailroad &t point he net. ^eSasi* ftrkets. ofasub- nouth of ideoftlie rrounded here ter- yest Ratt- 42 roilea ly, at the new and b lies 26 een Bay, teamboat ter^ta of " Oconto ; Pine re- ing along md is, for most iffi" ©ing easy avigation, Ehaustless »r. Mom- em verge Menomo* leat of an nt (which ad "Mari- ink of the wo mileSi taats. B 'N. Y. point, and ur city to 3d of the by this ited, that the com* fifty m^ iterial wiU lo season doses, in the shape of good marketable lumber, ^is Company's Mills alone turn out over half a tniilion of feet per week, aU of which, I believe, goes to the Obicago market "But it must be borne in mind that this is but a fraction of the lumber which is made in this oonntj. JThere are, be- sides the mills A«re, extensive lumbering establishments at Peshtigo, 01oton,'Pen- saukee, and Little Suamico, which proba- bly turn out in the aggregate at least two million feet of lumber per week, or eighty millions per year — ^wluch added to the es- timate for this plaoe, makes a yearly pro- duct of one hundred and twenty mulionB. A fair amount of business^ for a single county of not over 6,000 inhabitants." Nbnomoneb City, Oconto County, Wis., is a thriving settlement, situated on the west side of Green Bay, near the mouth of Nenomonee River, containing 2,000 inhabitants, 6 large saw-mills, and several stores. The country to the west and north of this place is as yet a wilder- ness, inhabited only by a #bw roving In- dians. The Nenomonee River forms the boundary, in part, between Michigan and Wisocmsin. Gbbbn Bat to Lakb Supbbiob. In regard to the route from Green Bay to Lake Superior, a distance of auout 160 miles, the Advocate says : "A road from Green Bay to the most loutherly point of Keewenaw would be less than 200 miles in length, and while it would shorten the travel over the pres- ent route (by water) at least 100 miles, would open one of the most beautiful and fertile sections in the Union — a section which will remain unknown and unoccu- pied until such a road is opened by ttte government. The Lake Si^rior people need it most especially for proooriog sup- plies, driving cattle, etc. " The traveller finds the whole diitanoe, to within * few miles of Lake Superior, abounding in every resource which will make a country wealthy and prosperous. Clear, beautiful lakes are interspersed, and these have plenty of large trout aad other fish. Water and water-powers ve everywhere to be found, and the timber is of the best kind — maple gproves, beech, oak, pine, etc. Nothing is now wanted but a few roads to open this rich countrr to the settler, and it will soon teem with vUlages, schools, mills, faiming operations, and every industrial pursuit which the more southern portion of our State now exhihiU.'' Pemsaukeb, Peshtigo, and other towna are springing up on the west "shore of Green Bay, where are to be found nu- merous large lumber establishments situ- ated on the streams running into the bay. Gbma, or Masok, situated on Little Bay de Noc, at the northern extremity of 'Green Bay, is a new and promising place. Steamers run to and from the town of Green B^y, connecting with mail stages running to Lake Superior. A mail route is now opened from Qbna, situated at the head of Green Bay, to Marquette, L. S., a distance, by land, of about 60 miles. No doubt, ere loQg, a railroad wiU be con- structed along the west shore of Green Bay, direct to Marquette, thus oonneoting Green Bay, Milwaukee, and Chicago with Lake Superior. Aonte firiDm Green Bay to Faiid dii Eiac, Wlsconnnw There is now a railroad and steamboat route, extending from Green Bay to Ap- ideton, Oshkosh, and Fond du Lac, situa- ted at the head of Lake Winnebaga 60 mUes distant, the latter passing thrdlgh Fox River and the above beauUful sheet of water. Fox or Nbbnah River rises in Marquette Co., Wis., and passing through Lake Win- nebago, forms its outlet. This important steeam is rmidered navigable for. steamers 78 IflP THROUGH THB LAKSS* of ft Binall olMi bj mMni of cUma and looks, formioff, (n oonneotion with a abort canal to the Wisoonsin River, a diraot wa> ter oommunication Arom Green Bay to the ICisaiaaippi River, a diatanoe of about aoo miles. The rapids in the lower part of Fox River afford an immense water-power, while the upper section of country through which it flows, produces lumber and gnun in great abundance. Here is a fall of 170 feet in the distance of 86 miles, before en- tering Lalce Wionebago. Di Pbiub, 6 miles above Oreen Bay, is a town of about 700 inhabitants, where is a fall of 8 feet, also a lock for the passage of steamers. LiTTLB Kaukauna, 11 miles, has a &11 of 8 feet, with lock and dam. <■ < Wbiohtstowk, 16 miles, is a small set- tlement, where is a steam saw-mill and other manufacturing establishments. Rapid db Obocpb, 2 miles further, is a steamboat landing. Here is a lock and dam, there being a faU of about 10 feet Kaukauna, 3 miles f\irther, is a small yiUage. Here are five locks, overcoming a faU of 60 feet LiTTUi Ghutb, 26 miles fW»n Green Bay, la a small French settlement, where is an old Roman Oatholic Mission House. Here are four locks, there being a descent of 40 feet in the river. Applbton, Outaganie Co., Wis., is situ- ated on Fox or Neenah River, 30 miles Arom its entrance into Green Bay, and five miles from Lake Winnebago, where are rapids called the Orand Chvit. The river descends here about 30 feet in one mile and a half, affording an inexhaustible amount of water-power. Here are located three flouring-mills, six saw-mills, and s^eral other extensive manufacturi'ig es- tablishments. This is the capital of the county, where is situated the Latormce Dmveririty; and it is no doubt destined to become a large manu&cturing and com- mercial place, from the facilities which it posaesaea, by means of navigation and hy- 1 draulic power. Population, 4000. StoasB- ere run south into Lake Winftebago^ and north into Green Bay. The approach to Appleton fVom Green Bay, by water, ia most lovely and pictur- esque, — the river here winding through a rich section of country, clothed for several miles by a dense forest, extending to tiie verv marghi of tlie water. During the early autumn months the scene is truly gorgeous, the foliage presenting every variety of color. MsMASHA, 36 miles fVom Green Bav, is situated on an expansion of the river, hers called Lake Butte dee Morte, where is a took and a canal of about one mile in length. Here are saveral large manufacturing es- tablishments, and a population of about 2,600. Nbbkah, lying at the foot of Lake Win- nebago, on the west shore, is a flourishing village, of about 2,600 inhabitants. Lakb Winnbbaqo is a most beautiful sheet of water, being 32 miles long and about 12 miles wide, with bold land on the east shore, while on the west it seems elevated but a few feet above the waters of the lake. It abounds with several va- rieties of flsli, of a fine flavor, affording rare sport to the angler. 8teamere run through the Upper Fox or Wolf River, emptying in- to the lake at Oshkosh, for upwards of 100 miles, bringing down immense quantities of lumber and agricultural products. The Oity of Oiuikcbh, lying on the west side of Lake Winnebago, 20 miles north of Fond du Lao, is a large and flourisbiog place, being favorably situated at the mouth of Fox River on both sides of the stream. It now contains an active population <^ about 9,000 inhabitants. From its wharves steamers run to lUl the ports on tl^e lake and Fox River, while the Chicago and Northxoestem BaUway extends northward to Green Bay. It contains the county buildings, 10 churches, several well-kept hotels, 100 stores of different kinds, be- sides steam grist-mills, steam saw-mill^ r^" BOUn FROM OBIIV BAT TO TOND DU LAO, WIS. 79 BtMm- j;o, and rer, uert isalook \ leBgth. iring Mp of about ike Win* :)uri8hiiig 8. beautiful long and land on , itaeemB le waten »veral va- •ding rare 1 through ptyingin- daoflOO DiuantitieB the west B north of lourishing ijhe mouth \d stream. [ation of wharves tl^elalio Mgo and torthward « county well-kept :lnd8, be- ^^.naills, *pm foundriea, oabinet>ihopa, and % great number of other manufacturing eatabiiah- menta. This is a great 'mart for lumber, being brought down the Fox or Wolf River for upwarda of 100 milea, this atream flowing through a fine pint region of ooun* trj, for which northern Wisconsin is justly oelebrated. Fond Du Lao, capital of Fond du Lao County, is a flourishing dty favorably situ- atiKl at the head of I^e Winnebago, 87 miles N. V. W. from Milwaukee, and 176 miles itom Chicago, by the Chicago and Northwestern Railway, now finished through to Green Bay, a total distance of 242 miles. Here are located the county buildings, 8 churches, 4 banks, 6 public-houses, 100 stores of different kinds, a steam grist- mill, 10 steam saw-mills, a steam car fao* tory, steam-en£^ne manufactory, machine- shops, and various other manufacturing eetabUshments. The lumber and produce business is very extensively carried on here, affording profitable returns. Fond du Lac is oelebrated for its fountains, water being found of a pure quality \>y means of Artesian Wells, in which the city abounds. The fbx River ImprwemerU is a work of great magnitude, affording by means of locks and dams a water communication from Green Bay to Lake Winnebago, and thenoe iouth*westwardtbrou|^ the Upper Fox river to Portage City, where, by mcana of a canal, it interlocks with the Wis- consin River, falling into the Mississippi at Prairie du Chien. This enterprise ia thus graphically de- aeribed: " ' Muniro of thb Watbbb.' —A gen- tleman, recently fW>m Green Bay, men- tioned a curious fact a day or two since, illustrative of the results of the completion of the liiver Improvement. He saw lying at the docks in that place the steamer AppUton Belle, built at Pittsburgh, and the steamer Gurdon Grant, built at Pliiladel- ptua — points on opposite sides of the Alle- ghany Mountains, and on waters flowing on the one hand to the Atlantic, and on the other to the Mississippi and Gulf ef Mexico. The BeUe had aailed northward and west- wi^rd through the Ohio, Mississippi, and Wisconsin ; and the Orant in a ooutraiy direction through the Delaware and Hud- son, along the Erie Canal, and the chain of the Great Lakes. These are the victories of commerce, in which Wisconsin is play- ing a prominent pari** Tl ~ 'he Trip from Cuioaqo to Maokinao, &C., connecting at the latter place with^the Green Bay route, is flilly described in another part of this work. Porti of Lake Hiohigan litnated on the Eatt and South Shorei* michtii^am CitlTf Ind., situated at the extreme south end of Lake Michigan, is dis- tant 45 miles from Chicago by water, and 228 miles from Detroit by railroad route. The New Albany and Saiem Railroad, 228 miles in length, terminates at this place, connecting with the Michigan Central Bailroad. Several plank roads also ter- luinate here, affording facilities for cross- ing the extensive prairies lying in the rear. Here are several large storehouses ■ituated at the mouth of TraU Creek, in- tended for the storage and shipment of wheat and other produce ; 15 or 20 stores of different kinds, several hotels, and a branch of the State Bank of Indiana. It was first settled in 1831, with the expec- tation that it would become a great em- porium of trade ; but owing to the want of a good harbor, and the rapid increase of Chicago, the expectations of its founders have not been realized. It now contains about 3,000 inhabitants, and is steadily increasing in wealth and numbers. 80 TRIP THROUGH TBB LAKES. Nsw BuririLO, Mich., lying 50 miles east ofChica(;oby stoamboat route, is situ- ated on the line of the Michigan Central Railroad, 218 miles west o9 Detroit. Here have been erected a light-house and pier, the latter aSbrding a good landing for steamers and. lake craft. The settlement contains two or three hundred inhabi- tants^ and several stores and storehouses. It is surrounded by a light, sandy soil, which abounds all along the east and south shores of Lake Micliigan. St. Joseph, Berrien Co., Mich., is ad- vantageously situated on the east shore of Lake Michigan, at the mouth of St. Joseph River, 194 miles west of Detroit. Here is a good harbor, affording about 10 feet of water. The village contains about 1,000 inhabitants, and a numbf^r of stores and storehouses. An active trade in lumber, grain, and fruit is carried on at this place, mostly with the Chicago market, it being distant about 70 miles by water. Steamers of a small class run irom St. Joseph to Niles and Constnntine, a distance of 120 miles, to which place the St. Joseph River is navigable. St Joseph River rises in the southern portion of Michigan and Northern Lidiana, and is about 250 miles long. Its general course is nearly westward; is very ser- pentine, with an equable current, and flowing through a fertile section of coun- try, celebrated alike for the raising of grain and different kinds of fruit. There are to be found several flourishing villages on its banks. The principal are Constan- tine, Elkhart, South Bend, and Niles. Niles, situated on St. Joseph River, is 26 miles above its mouth by land, and 191 miles from Detroit by railroad route. This is a flourishing village, containing abort 3,0C0 inhabitants, Ave churches, three hotels, several large stores and flouring mills; the country around pro- ducing large quantities of wheat and other kinds of grain. A small class of steamers run to St. •peeph below and other places above, on the river, affording great fadl* ities to trade in this section of country. South Haven, Van Buren Co., lies at the mouth of Black River. Naples, Allegan Co., lies on the east side of Lake Michigan, near the mouth of the Kalamazoo River. Amsterdam, Ottawa Co., is a small vil« lage lying near the Lake shore, about 20 mUes south of Grand Haven. HoLLAiO), situated on Bhck Lake, a few miles ^above Amsterdam, is • thriving townjlsettled mostly by Hollanders. Here is a good and spacious harbor. The counties of Berrien, Cass, Yan Bu* ren, Kalamazoo, Allegan, Kent^ and Ot- tawa are all celebrated as 'a fhiit-bearing region. The Ports extending from Qrand Haven to Saginaw Bay are fully described in another portion of this work, as well as the bays and rivers falling into Lkkes Michigan and Hurcm. ClllcagO, "ThB GaBDEK OlTT,"i8 advantageously situated on the west side of Lake Michigan, at the moutii of Chica- go River, m N. lat. 41° 62', aod W. long, from Greenwich 87° 35'. It is elevated eight to ten feet above the lake, which secures it from ordinary floods, and ex- tends westward on both sides of the river, about two miles distant from its entrance into Lak^ Michigan, the front on the lake being three or four miles from north to sou^. The harbor has a deptl) of from { twelve to fourteen feet of water, which makes it a commodious and safe haven ; and it has been much improved artiflciallj by the construction of piera, wliich extend on Mch side of the eutranoe of tlie river for some distance into the lake, to pruvent the accumulation of saii«l upon the \m. The light-house is on the south side of the harbor, and shows a fixed light on a tower I forty feet above the iurttee of the lake ; PORTS OF LAKB MIOHIOAN — BAST AND SOUTH SHOEB. ai ; faoQ- try. lies It there is also a beacon light on the end of | the pier. In a naval and military point of yiew, this is one of the most important ports on the upper lakes, and should be strongly defended, it being the '* Odessa" of these inland seas. The city contains an United States custom-house and postK)ffice building, a court-house and jail, the county buildings, Bush Medicfd Gullege, a commercial col- lege, a marine hosnpital, market-houses, eighty churches, e^ut banks, several fire and marine insurance companies, and a number oT large public houses ; gas-works, and water-works. The Bianufacturing establishmonts of Chicago are numerous and extensive, consisting of iron-foundries and machine-'Shops, nulroad car manufac- tory, steam saw, planing, and flouring mills, manufactories of agricultural imple- ments, etc. Numerous steamers and pro- pellers ply between this place and Saut 8te. Marie, Lake Superior ports, Golling- wood, Groderich, Detroit, Bufifalo, and the various intermediate ports. Population in 1860, 109,260, and is r ipidly increasing in numbers and wealth. The principal hotels are the Adams ^Eouse, Briggs House, Lake House, Sherman House, and the Tremont House, besides many other public-hoiises of less note. Chicago also boasts of several benevolent and charitable institutions, educational aud utidical ; also hospitals and dispensa- ries. Its commerce is already immense, and rapidly increasing. EinilAOT fuOM A LiTTBR DATED, "Ohicaoo, Jum 3, 180.1. " Tb the Mkititors of the National Tnlelligencer , *' This • Cl^^ City' of the Lakes yes- titrtliiy aud t^ray, at the opeiiiiin of the Rlilp-Oanal Oouveutiou, proMRntea a soenn of which every loyal Anierluan might just- ly feel proud, bo he a citiisen of the Atlantic States, of the great Valley of Hio Mississippi, or of the noble St. Lawrence valley, tiie waters of which here almoet commingle, and no doubt are destined to be wedded, and to flow in unison from the cold waters of the Qulf of St. Lawrence to the warm waters of the Qulf of Mexioo^ ' carrying on their tide the rich products of the tropics, the cereals of the temperate zone, and the timber and other valuable commodities of the colder I'egion of the American continent "Ghicago, when fairly understood, in a commercial, climatic, and favored point cit view, as regards water and land communi- cation, has probably no equal on the face of the globe. Standing near the southern border of one of the five great Lakes of America, affording four or five thousand miles of inland ship navigation, and by means of the Erie Canal of New York, fistvored by an outport on the Atlantic ocean, it only now wants a Ship Canal to the Mississippi River to give it an outport on the Gulf of Mexico. "As to Railroad fiicilities, no adequate idea can be conveyed, — the iron bars already extend to Montreal, Quebec, and Portland on tlie northeast ; to Boston, New York, Ac., on the east ; to Charleston and Savannah on the southeast, and to Mo- bile and New Orleans on the south — being, ere long, no doubt destined to have railroad facilities with other cities to the Gk>ld R^ons and the Pacific ocean on the west ; wliile northward a railroad line is finished to L'reen Bay, Wisconsin, and another line nearly completed to St. Paul, Minnesota. " Look at a map of the United States and Canada, and see her favored position noar the centre of the temperate zone; whiln east and west slie lies centrally between the Atlantic and eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains. By nature she oliihns pre-eniiiieuce as a great inland city. Ulvn hoi" I'm i»o'»n she asks at tliis time, and the whole Rep\ibllo will be benefited. II 82 TRIP THROUGH THB LAKES. faasmueh aait will afford faoilitieB to the far West, and the eastern portious of our wide-extended country. Like the Erie oanal, it will even tend to lessen the price of proTisions in foreign markets, and at the same time strengUien and enrich our own people. North and South, notwith- standhig the latter are now in open rebel- Uon." ^A late writer remarks, * Chicago is most emphatically the city of the West; for when any town can justly claim to be the greatest market for grain, beef, pork, and lumber in the world, then we may confidently believe that all else that en- ters into the compoBition of a great city will gather there to build up, if not the greatest, one of the most imporf^nt cities of the continent.' " The Illinois and Michigan Canal, con- necting Lake Michigan with Illinois Riv- er, which is sixty feet wide at the top, 6 feet deep, and 107 miles in length, includ- ing five miles of river navigation, termi- nates here, through which is brought a large amount of produce {torn the south and southwest; and the. numerous rail- roads radiating from Chicago add to the vast accumulation which is here shipped for the Atlantic sea-board. Chicago being within a short distance of the most exten- sive coal-fields to be found in Illinois and the pineries of Michigan and Wisconsin, as well as surrounded by the finest grain region on the face of the globe, makes it the natural outlet for the varied and rich produce of an immense section of fertile country. It is now proposed to construct a Ship Canal, connecting the waters of the Mis- sissippi Eiver with Lake Michigan. RAILROADS DIVBBaiNa FBOM CHICAOO. Miles. 1. Chicago, Alton, and St. LouU JRnilroad. 281 2. OMcagi . Burlington, and Quincy 268 8. Chicag and Bock Island 182 i. CMeaffo, FuHon^ and- Iowa (flnished) 2tf 6. Chicago and Iforth- Western (Chicago to Green Bay) 243 6. Chicago and Milwaukee 85 7. Cincinnati tmd Chicago Air Lins 280 8. Galena and Chicago Union* (Chicago to Freeport) 121 9. Illinois Oentraif (Chicago to Cairo) 865 10. Michigan Central (Detroit to Chicago). ..284 11. Michigan Southern and Iforthem Indf ana (Chicago to Toledo, Ohio) 248 13. Pittsburgh, Fort WaynCyOnd Chicago... 4S» * This road oonndptB with the IIIIdoIb Central Railroad, running westward to Dunleith, oppo- site Da Baqne, Iowa, t JlUnois Central Railroad and its Branches: Cairo to Lasalle, Main Line 808 Miles. Lasalle to Dunleith, Galena Branch .... 1 47 '* Chicago to Centralia, Chicago Branch. .267 "■ Totallength 722MUea. Distances from Chicago to Mackinac. Running along the West Shore 0/ Lake Michigan. Ports. CmoAao to Waukegan, 111 Kenosha, Wis Racine, Wis MiLWAtJKEB, Wis Fort W asbington. Wis Sheboygan, Wis Manitowoc, Wis Two Rivers, Wis Kewaunee, Wis Anheepee, Wis Bayley's Harbor Death's Door (To Green Bay 80 miles.) Washington Harbor, Mich Rock Island, Mich Beaver Island, Mich Pt. Waugoshance, Mich Old Mackinac, Mich Maokinao, Mich. 35 16 5J 11 62* 28 85 25 110 25 185 80 165 7 172 22 1S4 11 205 85 240 20 260 18 278 7 280 67 847 80 877 15 892 8400 Mackinac to De Tour PassagqH^ DeTour to Saut Bte. Marie Mackinac to St Clair River (Fort Gratiot) Fort Gratiot to Detroit Fort Gratiot to Saginaw City Fort GraUot to Qodericb, C. W 86 66 240 60 180 Miles- 35 16 51 11 68* 28 85 25 110 26 185 80 165 7 172 22 1S4 11 205 86 240 20 260 18 278 7 280 67 847 80 877 16 892 8400 86 66 1 240 60 160 60 HAVAL VE88BLS OH THK LAKES. HAYAL VESSELS OH THE s LAKES. Mississippi axd Lake VLicoiqjls Gakal. •9 A Report has recently been made in relation to the practicability, cost, and military and commercial advantages of opening a passage for gunboats and armed vessels from the Mississippi to the Lakes, by improving the navigation of the Illinois River, and enlarging the Illinois and Michigan Oanal. The following is an extract from the above Report : " The Great Lakes and the Mississippi River are among the grandest features of the geography of the globe. Their names are at once suggestive of commercial and agricultural wealth and national great- ness. No such systems of internal navi- gation exist elsewhere in the world. The most careful and accurate statements of their present uses for commercial pur- poses are truly wonderful, while the mag- nificent future to which enlightened cinterprise may leacl, tasir ^ the strongest imagination. '' The Mississippi system of navigable waters is variously estimated at from 10,000 to 20,000 miles. Its numerous ramifications penet.v.».e a country of *in- rivaUed fertility, and m many parts abound- ing in useful metals. On the Lakes, we have a coast of 3,500 miles. Their com- merce is estimated at the value of $400, 000,000, 'in articles of prime necessity to the inhabitants of the Easiern States, and to our foreign commerce.' Th-^t of the Mississippi, in peaceful times, is sup- posed to equal this. It is the union of these two mighty systems that we con- template in the proposed improvement. "For this purpose no other route exists comparable to the line now proposed, in the economy of cost of the improvement, or in general utility. It is one of nature's highways — one of the Unes which she marks out for the guidance of the great emigrant movements of the race, aii^ by which topography foretells the march ct empire. The aboriginal savage travelled it by instinct, and now educated intelli- gence can And no better place for com- pleting and uniting linos of travel and traffic embracing half a continent." Estimate for a S?iip and Steamboat Ganai from Lake Michigan to the Illinois River, and the improvement of the Illinois River to the Mississippi River ; the canal to be 160 feet wide on the bottom, sides pro- tected with stone walls 10 feet high; the canal and river looks to be 350 feet long and 70 feet wide, with depth of water su£Scient to pass steamboats and vessels drawing six feet of water; the canal to be supplied with water from Iiake Michi- gan. Chicago to Lockport, 29 milM. The eatimated cost of earth and rock excavation on the summit level from Chicago to Lockport, with walls on both sides 10 feet through the ei^rth, is $7,092,700 Lockport to Lasalle, 67 miies : The estimated cost of canal to Lake Joliet, and short canals at 16 locks, walled on both sides ; also six stone dams, 600 feet long, eleven canal and five river locks, each 8B0 feet long and 70 feet wide— making 188 feet of lock- age between Lockport and Lasalle— is i,On,0M Lasalle to the Mississippi Biver, 290 miles : Th« cost of seven tree and crib dama, 900 feet long, the cribs to be filled with stone, and stone abutments ; ale>o seven stone locks, 860 feet long, and 70 feet wide, with entrances pro- tected, and insuring a depth of water on all bars, to pass the largest class steamboats and vessels drawing six feet, will be 1,64B,000 Add for bridges, right of waj, engineer- ing, oontingenoiea, dto 578,089 Totd |18,8M,834 84 TRIP THROUGH THB LAKKff. U. S. Natal Ybssbls on Lakb Ebu, 1812 TO 1815. 1812 1812 1812 1812 1812 1812 1812 1818 1818 1818 1818 1816 Xam4. Glass. Gone. ^ here built, Amelia, schooner 1 Eri«, Pa. Ariel, 4. Purchased Caledonia, brig jf Captured Scorpion, sehuoner 2 Purchased Bomers, 2 M THppe. sloop 1 » TigreMl, schooner 1 £rie,F». Lawrence, brig 20 M Niagara, 20 U Ohio, schooner 1 ii Poroapine, 1 u Ghent, 1 u Total Guns, 6T \ NOTB. — At the conclusion of tlie war with Great Britain, this squadron, with the exception of two small vessels, and the prizes captured by the above fleet, under Com. Perry, Sept. 10, 1813, were dismantled and laid up at Erie, Penn., and all subsequently condemned and sold, some having been sunk, with a view to their better presenwtion. In 1844, the U. S. steamer Miohioan, 583 tons, was built at Erie, Pa., and is now in commission on the Upper Lakea. EOTTTE FBOM CHIGAOO TO MACKINAC JLSD SAUT STE. HAEIE. very great ; the carrying trade being destined to increase in proportionate ratio with the population and wealth pouring into this favored section of the Union. On reaching the green waters of Lake Michigan, the city of Chicago is seen stretching along the shore for four or five miles, presenting a fine appearance from the deck of the steamer. Tlie entrance to the harbor at the bar is about 200 feet wide. The bar has from ten to twelve feet water, the lake being sybject to about two feet rise and fall. The steamers bound for Mil- waukee and the northern ports usually rup along tlie west shore of the lake with- in sight of 'land, the banks rising from thirty to fifty feet above the water. liAKB Michigan is about seventy miles average width, and 340 niles in extent from Mieliigan City, Ind., on the south, to the Strait of Mackinac on the nortii ; it presents a great expanse of water, now traversed by steamers and other vessel* of a large class, running to the Saut Ste. Marie and Lake Superior ; to Collingwood and Godericli, Can. ; to Detroit, Mich. ; to Cleveland, Oluo, and to Buffjalo, N. Y. From Chicago to Buffalo the distcmce is about 1,000 miles by water; while from On starting from the steamboat wharf near the mouth of the Chicago River, the Marine Hobpital and depot of the Illinois Central Railroad are passed on the right, while the Lake House and lumber-yards are seen on the left or north side of the stream. The government piers, long wooden structures, afford a good entrance to the harbor; a light-house has been constructed on the outer end of the north pier, to guide vessels to the port. The basin completed by the Illinois Central Railroad to facilitate commerce is a substantial work, extending southward for nearly half a mile. It affords ample accommodation for loading and unloading vessels, and transffrring the freight to and from the railroad cars. The number of steamers, propellers, and sailing vessels annually arriving and departing from the haf V>or of Chicago is BOUTB FROM CUIOAOO TO MAOKINAO AND 8AUT STB. IfARIB. as bar the rise Mil- lually Chioas^ to Superior Oity, at the head of Lake Superior, or Fond du Lac, the dis- tance is about the samo, thus affording two excursions of 1,000 miles each, over three of the g^eat lakes or inland seas of Americay in steamers of from 1,000 to 2,000 tons burden. During the summer and early autumn months the waters of Hub lake are comparatively calm, afford- ing safe navigation. But late in the year, and during ^e winter and early spring months, the navigation of this and the other great lakes is very dangerous. Wauksqan, Lake Co., HI, 38 miles north of Ohicago, is handsomely situated on elevated ground, gradually rising to 50 or 60 feet above the water. Here are two piers, a light-house, several large storehouses, and a neat and thriving town contaiuing about 5,000 inhabitants, six churches, & bank, several well-kept hotels, thirty stores, and two steam-flouring mills. Kenosha, Wis., 52 miles from Chicago, is elevated 30 or 40 feet above the lake. Here are a small harbor, a light-house, storehouses, mills, etc. The town has a population of about 6,000 inhabitants, surrounded by a fine back country. Here is a good hotel, a bank, several churches, and a number of stores and manufactur- ing establishments doing a large amount of business. The Kenosha and Rockford Railroad, 73 miles, connects at the latter place witli a railroad ruuning to Madison, the capital of the State, and also to the Mississippi ^iver. The City of Racinb, Wis., 62 miles from Chicago and 23 miles south of Milwaukee, is built ou an elevation some forty or fifty feet above the surface of the lake. It is a beautiful and flourishing place. Here are a light-house, piers, storehouses, etc., situated near the water, while the city contains some fine public buildings and private residences. The population is about 10,000, and is rapidly increasing. Racine is tlie second city in the State in oommeroe and pc^nilation, and possesses a fine harbor. Here are located the county buildings, fourteen churches, seve- ral hotels. Congress tiaU being the largest ; elevators, warehouses, and numerous stores of different kinds. The RacvM and Mississippi RdWoad ex- tends from tins plaoe to the Mnsissippi River at Savanna, 142 miles. The Chics- go and Milwaukee Railroad also runs through the town, near the Lake Shore. voMAjyam habbob. M ilivaukee, " The Cream City," 86 miles from Chicago, by railroad and steamboat route, is handsomely situated on rising ground on both wide.s of the Mil- waukee River, at its entmaco into Lake Michigan. In front of the city is a bay or indentation of the lake, affordiug a good harbor, except in strong easterly gales. The harbor is now being improved, and will doubtless be rendered secure at all times of the season. The river aftbrda an ex- tensive water-power, capable of giving motion to machinery of almost any re- quired amount. The city is buUt upon 86 TBIP THBOUOH THE LAKIS. beantifol slopes, desoending tbward the river and lake. It has a United States Custom House and Fost-OfBce building; a oourt house, city hall, a United States land-office, the University Institute, a college for females, three academies, three orphan asylums, forty-five churches, Aev- eral well-kept hotels, the Newhall Bouse and the Walker House being the most frequented; seven banks, six insurance companies, a Chamber of Commerce, ele- vators, extensive ranges of stores, and several large manufacturing establish- ments. The city is lighted ^vith gas, aad well supplied with good water. Its ex- ports of lumber, agricultural produce, etc. are immense, giving profitable employment to a large number of steamers and other lake craft, running to dif^'^srent fiorts on the Upper Lakes, Detr.ut, Buffalo, etc. The growth of this city has been aston- ishing ; twenty years since its nte was a wilderness; now it contains over 60,000 inhabitants, and of a class inferior to no section of the Union for intelligence, so- briety, and industry. The future of Milwaukee it is hard to predict; here are centring numerous rail- roads finislied and in course of construc- tion, extending soflth to Chicago, west to the Mississippi River, and r ^rth to Lake Superior, which, in connection with the Detroit and Milwaukee Ilailroad, termin- ating at Grand Haven, 85 miles distant by water, and the H les <: steamers running to this port, wiU altogether giv an im- petus to this favored city, ble&&_4 with a good climate and soil, which the future alone uan reveaL During the past few years an unusual number of tine buildings liave been erected, and the commerce of the port ha. uinount- ed to $60,000,000. The bay of Milwaukee offers tlie best advantages for the con- struction of a harbor of refuge of any point on Lake Michigan. Tlie city lias ex- peuiled over $100,000 in the construction of a harbor; this needs extension and completion, whidi wiU no doobi 1U effected. The approach to Milwaukee harbor by water is very imposing, lying between two headlands covered with rich foliage, and dotted with residences inchoating comfort and refinement not to be exceed- ed on the banks of the Hudson or any other body of water in the land. This city, no dcubt, is destined to become the favored jresidence of opulent families, wlio are fond of congregating in favored localities. Tub Geanabixs or Miitnbsota and WiBCONSiN. — ^The La Crosse Democrat speaks as follows of the great strides of agriculture in a region which ten years ago was a wilderness. It says: "We begin to think that the granaries of Minnesota and Northwestern Wiscon- sin will never give out; there is no end to the amount, judging Item the heavy loads the steamers continually land at the depot of the La Crosse and Milwaukee Railroad. Where does it all come firom? is the frequent inquiry of people. We can hardly telL It seems impossible that there can be much more left, yet steam- boat men tell us that the grain is not near all hauled to the shipping points on the river. What will this country be ten years hence, at this rate? Imagine the amount of transportation that will be- come necessary to carry the produce of the upper country to market. It is hard to state what wiU be the amount of ship- ments of grain this season (1863), but it wU) be well into the millions." RAILROATtS BUNNING FBOU MXLWAUEEB. Detroit and Milwaukee (Grand Haven to Detroit, 189 miles), connecting witli steamers on Lake Michigan. LfK Crosse and Mtkoaukee, 200 miles, connecting with steamers on the Upper Mississippi. nU>M OHICAOO TO MAOKINAO AND SAUT STB. MARIB.- 87 JU^tPOukee and Prairie du Chieni 192 miles, connecting with steamers on the Mississippi Riyer. Milwaukee and Horicon, 93 miles. Milwaukee and Western, 71 miles. Milwaukee and Chicago, 86 miles; also, the River and Lake Shore City Railway, running^ from the entrance of the harbor to different parts of the city. Port Washinqtok, Ozaukee Co., Wis., 25 miles north of Milwaukee, is a flour- ishing place, and capital of the county. The villiage contains, besides the public buildings, several churches and hotels, twelve stores, three mills, an iron found- ry, two breweries, and other manufac- tories. The population is about 2,500. Here is a good steamboat landing, from which large quantities of produce are an- nually shipped to Chicago :^nd other lake ports. 6HSB0TGAN, Wis., 60 mlles north of Milwaukee and 130 miles from Chicago, is a thriving place, containing about 6,000 inhabitants. Here are seven churches, several public-houses and stores, together with a light-house and piers ; the harbor being improved by government works. Large quantities of lumber and agricul- tural products are shipped from this port. The country in the interior is fast set- tling with agriculturists, the soil ar.d cli- Tiaate being good. A railroad nearly com- pleted runs from this place to Fond du Lao, 42 miles west, lying at the head of Lake Winnebago. Manitouwoc, Wis., 10 miles north of Milwaukee and 33 miles east from Green Bay, is an important shipping port. It contains about 2,500 inhabitants; five churches, several public-houses, twelve stores, besides several storehouses ; three steam saw-mills, two ship-yards, light- house, and pier. Large quantities of lum- ber are annually shipped from this port. The harbor is being improved so as to af- ford a refuge for vessels during stormy weather. " Manitouwoc is the most northern of the harbors of Lake Michig^ improved by the United States government. It de- rives additional importance from the fact that, when completed, it will afford the first point of refuge from storms for ship- ping bound from any of the other g^eat lakes to this, or to the most southern porta of Lake Michigan." Two RivBRS, Wis., seven miles north from Manitouwoc, is a new and thriving place at the entrance of the conjoined streams (from which the place takes its name) into Lake Michigan.. Two piers are fiere erected, one on each side of the river; also a ship-yard, an extensive leather manufacturing company, chair and pail factory, and three steam saw-mills. The village contains about 2,0(M|;^inhabi- tants. Eewauneib, Wis,, 26 miles north of Tw« Rivers and 102 miles from Milwaukee, is a small shipping town, where are situated several saw-miUs and lumber establish- ments. Green Bay is situated about 26 miles due west from this place. Ahneepeb, 12 miles north of Kewaunee, is a lumbering village, situated at the mouth of Ahneepee, ocmtaining about 1, 000 inhabitants. The back country here assumes a wild appearance, the forest trees being mostly pme and hemlock. Gibraltar, or Bailey's Harbor, is • good natural port of refuge for sailing craft when overtaken by storms. Here ill a settlement of some 400 or 600 inhabi- tants, mostly being engaged in fishing and lumbering. Port dks Morts or Death's Door, the entrance to Green Bay, is passed 20 miles north of Bailey's Harbor, Detroit Island lying to the northward. POTTOWATOMBE, or WaSHINQTON ISL- AND, is a fine body of land attached to the State of Michigan ; also, Eock Island, situated a short distance to the north. {See route to Green Bay, ugli the Straits ipually run for the Manitou Islands, Mich., a distance of about 100 miles. Soon after the last restige of land sinks below the horizon on the west shore, the vision catches the dim outline of coast on the east or Miohi* gan shore at Pomt aktx Bee Scins, which is about 30 miles south of the Big Mani* tou Island. From this point, passing northward by Sleeping Bear Point, a sin- gular shaped headland looms up to the ▼lew. It is said to resemble a sleeping bear. The east shore of Lake Michigan presents a succession of high sand-banks for many miles, while inland are numer- OUB small buys and lakes. LiTTLB, or South Manitou Island, 260 milss flibm Chicago, and 110 miles from MJEUskinac, lies on the Michigan side of the lake, and is the first island encoun- tered on proceeding northward from Chi- cago. It rises abruptly on the west •hore ? cr 300 feet from the water's edge, sloping toward the east shore, on which is a light-house and a fine harbor. Here iteamers stop for wood. Bio or North Man](T0u is nearly twice as large as the former island, and contains about 14,000 Acres of land. Both islands are settled by a few families, whose princip^ occu- pation is fishing and cutting wood for the use of steamers and sailiug \ ossels. Fojc Islands, 50 miles north from South Manitou, consist of three small islands lying near the middle of Lake Michigan, which is here about 60 miles wide. On the west is the entrance to Green Bay, on the east is the entrance to Grrand Trav ene Bay, and immediately to the north is the entrance to Little Traverse Bay. Great and Little Beaver Island? lying about midway between the Manitou Islaads and Mackinac, are large and fer- tile bodies of land, formerly occupied by Mormons, who bad here their moat east- ern settl'^meut. Garden and Hoe Islands are nest pass ed before reaching the Strait of HaokinaQ^ which, opposite Old Fort Mackinac, is about six miles in width. The site of Old Fort Mackinac is on the south main or Michigan shore, directly opposite Point Ste. Ignaoe,on the north main shore. SL Helena Island lies at the entrance of the strait from the south, distant about fifteen miles from Mackinaa Old Fort Magkinao,* now called Mac- kinac City, is an important and interesting location; it was formerly fortified and garrisoned for the protection of the strait and tliia section of country, when in- habited almost exclusively by various tribes of Indians. This place can be easily reached by sail-boat from the island of Mackinac. Pte. le Orgs Cap, lying to the west of old Fort Mackinac, is a picturesque head- land well worthy of a visit. The Strait op Mackinac is from five to twenty miles in width, and extends east and west abort forty miles, embosom- ing (Several important islands besides Mackinac Island, the largest being Bois Blanc Island, lying near the head of Lake Huron. Between this island and the main north shore the steamer Garden City was wrecked. May 16, 1854; her upper works were still visible from the deck of the passing steamer in the fall of the same year. (tRosse Ilb St. Martin and lie St. Martin lie within the waters of the strait, eight or teu miles north of the island of Mackinac, In the neighborhood of these different islands are the favorite tishing- grounds both of the Indian and tlie '^ piUe face." rSacklnac, the Town and Fortress, i« most beautifully situated on the east sli(^re of the island, and e:^tends for a distance of about one mile along the water's edgo, and has a fine harbor protected by a * Settled br Hm French under Father Marquette Id 1670. tiiMHiiiniift'-*^*^"*'-'-^^ m^.. jJ^c9L^^^. FROM OHIOAGO TO MAOXINAO AND ftAUT 8T1. MARII. water battery. This important idand and fortreBS is situated in N. lat. iS** 64', W. Ion. Si*' 30' from Greenwich, being seven degrees thirty minutes wAt from Wash- ington. It is 350 miles north flrom Chica- go, 100 miles south of Saut Ste. Marie by yie steamboat route, and about 300 miles * orthwest from Detroit. Ihrt Mackinac, arrison^d by U. States troops, stands on elevate ^ round, about 200 feet above the water, overlooking the pioturesqtie town and harbor below. In the roar, about half a mile distant stand the r uins of old Fort Holmes, situated on the highest point of land, at an elevation of 320 feet above the water, affording an extensive view. The town contains two churches, five hotels, ten or twelve stores, 100 dwelling- hcuses, and about 700 inhabitants. The climate is remarkably healthy and delight- ful during the summer months, when this favored retreat is usually thronged with visiters from different parts of the Union, while the Indian warriors, their squaws and their children, are seen lingering around this their favorite island and fishing-ground. The Island of Maokixao, lying in the Strait of Mackinac, is about three miles long and two miles wide. It contains man/ deeply interesting points of attrac- tion in addition to the vulage and fortress ; the principal natural curiosities are known as the Arched Rock, Sugar Loaf, Lover's Leap, Devil's Kitchen, Robinson's Folly, and other objects of interest well worthy the attention ei the tonrttt The MtsBion Bouse and Island Howe are the principal hotels, while there are several other good public-houses for the accommodation of visitors. Island or Maokikao. — ^The view given represents the Island, approaching frmn the eastward. " A cliff of 1imbu«.one, white and weather-beaten, with a narrow allu- vial plain skirting its buse, is the first thing which commands attention;" but, on nearing the harbor, the village (21 with its many picturesque dwellings, ana the fortress (3), perched near the summit of the Island, are gazed at with wonder and delight. The promontory on the left is called the " Lover's Leap" (1), skirted by a pebbly beach, extending to the village. On the right is seen a bold rocky precipice, called "Robinson's IbHy^^ (5), #hile in the same direction is a sing^ular peak of nature called the " Sugar Loaf.''^ Still farther onward, the " Arched Rock," and q^^ interesting sights, meet the eye of the explorer, affording pleasure and de- light, particularly to the scientific traveller and lover of nature. On the highest ground, elevated 320 feet above the waters of the Strait, is the signal station (4), situ- ated near the ruins of old F^ Holmes. The settlement of this Island was com- menced in 1764 In 1793 it was surren- dered to the American government ; taken by the British in 1812 ; but restored by the treaty of Ghent, signed in Nov., 1814 •0 nUr TBBOUOM THI LAXB8. The I««Ter't Leaff.— MionirAO ISLAVD.— The huge rook oallod the " Lor- •r's IjOftp." is lituated about one mile west oftheTflliiffeof Ifaokinaa It is a high perpendioular bluff, 160 to 200 feet in lieight, ritiug bddly from the shore of the Lake. A solitary pine-tree formerly stood upon its brow, whioh some Vandal has cut down. Long before the pale fkoesproflmedthis island noBoe of the Oenii, Me^e-ne-mook- e-Qung-o-qua, a young Ojibway girl, just maturing into womanhood, often wander- ed there, and gazed from its dizzy heights and witnessed the receding canoes of the large war parties of the combined bands of the Qjibways and Ottawas, speeding South, seeking for fame and scalps. It was there she often sat, mused, and hummed the songs Gto-niw-e-gwon loved; this spot was endeared to her, for it was there that she and Qe-niw-e*gwon first met and exchanged words of love, and found '^■t affinity of souls or spiiits exist- ing bo I wean them. It was there shtf often xiiii Bikd mn^ the Ojibway love song — ^^ li&ong-e-do-gwain, in-f^n-naln-dam, Mong-e-do-gwain, In-de-nAin-dam : Waia-shang-ith-ween, neen-e«iuo-BOMe, WiUn-shung-ish-ween, neen-e-mo-aluuie, A- nee- wau* waa-aau-bo-a-iode, A-nee-wtta-waa-Baa-ho>a-sode.** I give but one verse, which ma> be transited as follows : A luon, I thought wa« l(?omiiig, A loon, I thought wad looming; Why I it is he, my lover, "Why! It iahe, my lover. His psddle, in the waters gleaming, His paddle m the waters gleaming. From this bluff she often watched and listened for the return of the war parties, for amongst them she knew was Qe-niw-e- gwon; his head decorated with war-eagle plumes, which none but a brave • could sport. The west wind often wafted far in advance the shouts of victory and death, as they shouted and sang upon leaving Pe-qnot-e-nong (old Uaokinac), to make the traverse to the Spirit or lairle Island. Om season, when the war partv re- titrniud, she copld not distinguish his fa- miliar and loved war-shout Her thinking spirit, or soul (presentiment) told her that he had gone to the Spirit Land of the west It was so, an enemy's arrow had pierced his breast, and after his body was plaoed leaning against a tree, his face fronting his enemies he died; bdt ere he died he wished the mourning warriors to remember him to the sweet maid of his heart. . Thus he died far away from home and the friends he loved. l^e-che-ne-mock-e-nung-o-aua*s heart hushed its beatings, and all the warm emotions of that heart were chilled and dead. The moving, living spirit or soul of her beloved Gh)-niw-e-gwon she witnes- sed, continually beckoning her to follow him to the happy hunting grounds of spirits in the west — he appear^ to her in human shape, but was invisible to others of his tribe. One morning her body was foui^jd man- gled at the foot of the bluff. The soul had thrown aside its covering of earth, and had gone to join the spirit of her beloved Ge-niw-e-gwon, to travel together to the land of spirits, realizing the glories and bliss of a future, eternal existence. Tours, Ac, Wm. M. J * ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ALTITUDB or YABIOUS POINTS ON ISLAND *" 01* MACKINAC. ' T^^uu^ Above Above Locaimet. LaVe Huron, the Sea. LakeHuron. OOOfeet 674feet. FortMaokinao 150 ** T24 *« Old Fort Holmes 816 *' 889 *' Eobinson's Folly 128 " 702 " Chimney Rock 181 " 706 « Top of Arched Rock....... 140 " 714 " tover'sLeap.... .. 146 •» 719 " Summit of Sugar Loaf... . 284 '* 868 «* Principal Plateau of Mack- } jqq ** 784 " Inac Island ) 0pMr Plateau .,800** 874** m i Iptrlt, or lUrit war party re- Qguiah his fa* Her thinking t) told her that i Land of the y*i arrow had alter hii hody atree, hisfkoe led; b^terehe ng warriors to )t maid of his way from home l-oKiua's heart I aU the warm ere chilled and {spirit or soul i7on she witnes* ig her to follow Dg grounds of pearM to her in risible to others was tovaufi man- The soul had of earth, and of her beloved jgether to the ihe glories and istenoe. , Ac, |i|i « « * « « ON ISLAND kbove I Huron, feet It M U U u Above th6S«a. 574 feet T84 889 703 705 714 719 868 784 * 874 " 1,774 " M it U M U M U V .:tt ^. V^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) i ^/ .V 1.0 ^Bt Ui » M 122 : lit 12.0 1.1 WMta 11-25 1 1.4 1.6 Sdmces Corporadon ^ 4'. \ ^^*i as WBT MAIN STMIT «ntSTn,N.Y. 145M (71«)«72-4S09 ;\ .V :^ \ \ % Abohid Book.— MaokinM. ■■■■Pi FROM OHIOAGO TO MAOKIHAO AlTD lAUT WtE, MABIB. 91 ■¥* 1 The whole Island of Muclrinae is deeply intdresting to the soientifio explorer, as well as to the seeker of health and pleas- ure. The following extract, illustrate d by an engravring, is copied ft'om "Foarsk and WuiTNBT'S Owlogieal Report'* of that region: "As particular examples of denuding action on the island, we would mention the 'Arched Rook' and the 'Sugar Loaf.' The former, situated on the eastern shore, is a feature of great interest The diffs here attain a height of nearly one hundred feet, while at the base are strewn nnmorous fragments which haye fallen from aboye. The Ardied Buck has been excayated in a projecting angle of tiie limestone cliff, and the top of the span is about ninety feet aboye the lake-leyel, surmounted by about ten feet of rock. At the base of a projecting angle, whidi rises up like a buttress, there is a small opening, through which an explorer may pass to the main arch, where, after clambering oyer the steep slope of debris and the projecting edges (^ the strata, he reaches the brow of the cliff. " The beds forming the sumnut of the arch are cut off ^om direct connection with the main rock by a narrow gorge of no great depth. The portion supporting the arch on the north side, and the curye of the arch itself, are comparatiyely fra- gile, and cannot, for a long period, resist the action of rains and frosts, which, in this latitude, and on a rock thus consti- tuted, produce great rayages eyery season. The arch, which on one side now con- nects this abutment with the main diff, wiU soon be destroyed, as well as the abutment itself, and the whole be precipi- tated into the lake. "It is eyident that the denuding action the denuding action of the water here in time past, and tiie same , actbn as now manifested in the range of the Pictured Rocka on the shores of Lake Superior. As an interesting point in the soenery of this island, the Ardied Rook attracts mudi attention, and in eyery respect is worthy of examination." {See £}ngra»mg.) Other picturesque objects of great m- terest, besides those enumerated aboye, occur at eyery turn room8 and bowl- ing-alleys; in the stores are found Indian curiosities; and, perhaps, the Indiims themselve^ who resort to this island on business, may be curiosities to those who have never seen them; they are the true "native Americans," the ciHaent of tiiis North America; . Bepublia Round Island is a small body of land lying a short distance southeast of Macki- ■ae, while Bois Blanc Island is a large body of land lying still farther in the du- tance, in the Strints of Mackinac St. Mabtin's Bat, and the waters con- tiguous, lying north of Mackinao, afford fine fishing grounds, and are much re- sorted to by visitors fond of aquatic sports. Great SL Martin's «ad Little St. Martin's Inlands are passed before entering the bay, and present a beautiful appearance. Carp and Pinb rivers are two small streams entering into St. Kartin's Bay, affording an abundance of brook trout of a large size. From the head of the above bay to the foot of Lake Superior, is only about 30 miles in a northerly direction, passing through a wilderness section of country, sparsely inhabited by Indians, who have long made this. region their favored hunting and fishing grounds. Pourr Di TouB, 36 milei fagt f\rom Mackinac, is the site of a light-house and settlement, at the entrance of St. Mary's ;, River, which is here about half a mile in width; this passage is also called the West OhanneL At a distance of about two miles above the Point is a new eet- tlement, where havo been erected a steam- boat pier, a hotel, and several dwellingi. Dbummond Island, a large and import tant body of land belonging to the United States, ia passed on the right, where are to be seen u&e ruins of an old fort erected by the British. On the left is the main- land of Northern Michigan. Ascending St. Mary's Ri^er, next is passed Round w^ PiPB Island, and other smaller islands on the right, presenting a beautiful ap- pearance, most of them belonging to the United States. St. Joseph Island^ 10 miles above Point de Tour, is a large and fertile island belonging to Canada. It is about 20 miles long from east to west, and about 15 miles broad, covered in part with ft heavy growth of forest-trees. Here are seen the ruins of an old fbrt erected by the British, on a point of land commanding the channel of the river. Gabltonville is a small settlement cm . the Michigan side of the river, 12 miles above the De Tour. Here is a steam saw- mill and a few dwelling-houses. Ldie Island is a small body of land belonging to the United States, lying in the main channel of the river, about 12 miles firom its mouth. The channel*here forms the boimdary between the United States and Canada^ Mud Lakb, as it is called, owing to its waters being easily riled, is an expansion of the river, about five miles wide and ten miles long, but not accurately delineated on any of the modem maps, which appear to be very deficient in regard to St Uaij^B River and its many ishuids — ^presenting at several . points most beavitiM river scenery. ]^ the St. Mary's River there 94 TRIP THflOUOH THl LAKSt. ■TO about Hhf idaada belonging to the United StateSi besides several attached to Canada. Nkbish Island, and SaUor^s JEnemnp' ment, situated about half way fh>m'the Point to the Saut, are passed on the left while sailing through the main channeL Sugar Island, a large body of fertile land belonging to the united States, is reached about 30 miles abore Poh&t de Tour, situated near the head of St Josei^^ Island. On the right is passed the Briiith or Norik Chawnd^ connecting on the east with Oeorgian Bay. Here are seen two small rocky islands belonging to the Brit* ish Qovemment, which command both channels of the river. The Ndfiah Bapida are next passed by the ascending vessel, the stream here run- ning about five knots per hoi|^. TIm main- land of Canada is reached immediately above the rapids, being doUied with a dense growth of forest-trees of small size. To the north is a dreary wilderness, ex- tending through to Hudson Bay, as yet almost wholly unexpldred and tmknown, except to the Indian or Canadian hunter. Lakb Oboroe, twenty miles below the Saut, is another expansion of the river, being about five mUes wide and eight miles long. Here the channel is only from eight .to ten feet in depth for about one mile, forming a great impediment to naviga^ tion.* Church's Landing, on Sugar Island, twelve miles below the Saut, is a steam- boaf landing; opposite it is Squirrel Island, belonging to the Canadians. This is a convenient landing, where are sitasted a store and dwelling. The industrious occupants are noted for the making of ra^berryjam, which is sold in large quan- tities, and shipped to Eastern and Southern markets. Oarden River SttUement is an Indian * A new chamiel hM been formed, by dredging, whioh glret a greater depth of water. village ten miles below the Saot, on the Canadian shore. Here are a missionary church and several dwellings, surrounded by grounds poorly cultivated, fishing and hunting being the main employment of tlie Chippewa Indians who inhabit this section of country. Both sides of the river abound in wild berries of good flavor, which are gathered in large quantities hj the Indians, during the summer months. Earad flrom a letter dated Saut Sn Maris, Sept., 1854: "The scenery of the St Mary's Iti?er seems to gprow more attractive every year. There is a delicious flreshness in the count- less evergpreen islands that dot the river, in every direction, from the Falls to Lake Huron, and I. can imagine of no more tempting retreats from the dusty streets of towns, in summer, than these islands; I believe the time will soon come when neat summer cottages ^nll be scattered along the steamboat route on these charming islands. A summer could be delightftilly spent in exploring for new scenery and in fishing and sailiog in these waters. " And Mackinac, what an attractive little piece of terra firmti, is that island — ^half ancient, half modem I ^ The view from the fort is one of the finest in the world. Perched on the brink of a predince some two hundred feet above the bay— one takes in at a glance from its walls tibe luff* bor, with its numerous boats and the pretty village ; and the whole rests on one's vision more like a picture than a reality. Every thing on the island is a curiosity ; the roads or streets that wind around the har- bor or among the grove-like forests of the island are naturally pebbled and macadam- ized; the buildings are of every style, from an Indian lodge to a fine English house. The island is covered with charm- ing natural scenery, from the pretty to the gfand, and one may spend weeks con- stantly finding new objects of interest and new scenes of beauty. It is uuneoessary to particuhurize— every visitor will find VROM OHIOAOO TO IIAOKINAO AHD 8AUT 8TI. MAUB. M^ vAf on fht nisflioiuunf surronnded fishing and loyment of inhabit this of the rirer pood flsTor, nantities h^ T months. Saut Sm ai7'« Biw «^«i7 year, nthe oount* the river, in Ua to Lake f no more ty streets of > islands; I e when neat tered along e chamiing delightfiiUj tnerjandin iters. ractive little shmd— -half >w from the the world, nfrice some I baj— one ills ^e hap* d the pretty one's Tinon ty. Eveiy iosity; the nd the har- "ests of the i macadam- irery style, le English rith charm- "etty to the reeks con- iterest and oneoessary will find tbenii and eqfoy tho sight more than any description. "The steamers all call there, on their way to and firom Chicago, and hundreds of small sail vessels, in the fishing trade, have here their head-quarters. Drawn upon the pebbled beach or gliding about the little bay are bark canoea and the far- fomed 'Mackinac boats,* without num- ber. These last are the perfection of light sail-boats, and I have often been astonished at seeing them far out in the lake, beating up aminst winds that were next to gales. Yesterday the harbor was thronged with aaU boats and vessels of every daaeription, among ttM f«l were the only two iron steamers thit ttia Uni- ted States have upon all the lakes, the 'Michigan' and the 'Surveyor,' formerly called the ' Abert,' employed in.the Coast Survey. "For a wonder, Lake Huron was cafan and at rest for its entire length, and the ateamer 'Northerner' noade a beautiliil and quick passage firmn Mackinac to this place. The weather continues waim tiod dry, and hundreds are n^pretting they have so early left the Saut and Mackinac^ I and we believe you will see crowds ci 1 visitors yet Jat.** St. Hary*s RlTer. By a careAil examina- tion of the Government Charts of the Straits of Mackinac and River Ste. Itarie, published in 1 857, it appears that the Point DtTbur Light-Hvun is situated in 46^ 57' N. Lat., bein^ 36 miles to the eastward of Fort Mackmac. The width of the De Tour passage is about one mile, with a depth of water of 100 feet and upwards, idthough but 50 feet is found off liie light, as you run into Lake Huron. Drumnwnd Island, attached to the United States, lies on the east, while the main shore of Michigan Mes to the west of the entrance. Pipe Island, 4 miles, is first passed on ascending the stream, and then Lime JMand, 6 miles Airther. SL Joseph's Jskmd, with its old fort, attached to Canada^ Uea 8 miles from the entrance. Potagatmlf sing Bay, dotted with no- merous small islands, moat* ly belonging to the United States, is seen lying to the eastward, communicating = with the North Chan- nel. Mvd Lake, 6 milet Airther, is next entered, having an ex- panse of about 4 miles in width, when Sailor's Encampment Island is reached, b^ng 20 miles from Lake finron. The head of St Joseph's and part of Sugar Island are reached 26 miles northward from the DeTour, where diverts the Canadian or North Channel, runnmg into the Georgian Bay; this channel is fol- lowed by the Canadian steamers. The Ndfish Rapids are next passed, and Laks George entered, 6 miles Airther, being 32 miles from Lake Huron. This Utke or ex- pansion of the river is 9 miles in length and 4 miles broad, affording 12 feet of water over the shoals and terminating at Church's Landing, lying opposite S^r- rel Inland, attached to Canada. Garden River Settlement, 3 miles, is an Lidian town on the Canada side^ Little Lake George is passed and Poini Aux Pins reached, 3 miles ftirther. From Little 90 TEIP THROUGH THI LAXI8. Lake George to the Saut Ste. Marie, paa- sing around the head of Sugar Tslandf is 8 miles Airther, being 65 miles from Lake Huron. The Bapida, or Ship Canal, ex- tend for i^out dne mile, overcoming a fall of 20 feet, when a beautiful stretch of the river if next passed and Waiaka Bay entered, 6 miles above the rapids; making the St Mary's River 62 miles in length. The channel forming the boundary Une between Canada and the United States is followed by the ascending steamer from the lower end of St Joseph's Liland to Lake Superior, while a more direct pas- sage is afforded for vessels of 4ight draught through Hay Lake, lying west of Sugar Island and entering Mud I^ke. Nothing can be more .charming than a trip over these waters, when sailing to or flrom the Straits of Mackinac, Uius having in view rich and varied lake and rivdJt* sioenery, once the exclusive and favored abode of the red man of the forest, now ftist pass- ing away before the march of dviU^aoon. Saut Ste. Harie,* capital of Chip- pewa Co., Mich., is advantageously situated on St Mary's River, or Strait, 350 miles N.NiW. of Detroit, and 16 miles from the foot of Lake Superior, in N. lat 46° 31'. The Rapids at this place, giving: the name to the settlements on both sides of the river, have a descent of 20 feet within the distance of a mile, and form the natural limit of navigation. The Ship Canal, how- ever, which has recently been constructed on the American side, obviates this diffi- culty. Steamers of a large class now pass through the locks into Lake Superior, • Settled in 1668, by the French. greatly facilitating trade and oommeroa. The village on the American side is pleas- antly situated near the foot of the rapids, and contains a court-house and jail; a Presbyterian, a Methodist, and a Roman Catholic church; 2 hotels, and 15 or 20 stores and storehouses, besides a few manufacturing establishments, and about 1,200 hihabitants. Many of the inhabi- tants and Indians in the vicinity are en- gaged in the Air trade and fisheries, tiie latter being an important and profitable occupation. Summer visitors fiock to this place and Ihe Lake Superior country for health and pleasure. The Chippewa Botue, a well kept hotel on the American side^ and one on the Canadian side of the river, both afford good accommodations. Fort Bbapt ia an old and important United States military post contiguous to this, frontier Tillage, where are barracks for a full ganisoii of troops. It commands the St Mary^s Bi^er ana the approach to the mouth of the oaoaL Saut Sim HA919, 0. W., is a scattered settiement, where is located a part of the !^udson Bay Company. Here is a steam- boat landing, a hotel, and two or three stores, including the Hudson Bay Com- pany's; and it has from 500 to 600 in- habitants. Indians of the Chippewa trilie reside in the vicinity in considerable num- bers, they having the exclusive right to take fish in the waters contiguous to the rapids. They also employ themselves in running the rapids in their frail canoes, when desjred by citizens or strangers — this being one of the most exhilarating en-' joyments for those fond of aquatic sports. {See Engraving.)' mmeroaL iapleas- > rapida, ^U; a Soman 6 or 20 a few id about inbabi. ' are en> riea, the rofltable ctothia ntry for affotui, an side^ w river, iportant ruouato >amicks nmands roach to cattered i of the 1 steam* V three 7 Com- 600 in- ra tribe lenum- ight to to the Ives in canoes, igers— ingen>' sports. ThU tlon Lakes, •bout U bjthe pany, era ap State of the A» land TBIP THBOUOB TBI LAKM. •7 St. Mmn** ''•II* nip CmwuA. This Oanal, whidi oonneots the iMTigft- tion of Lake Superior with the Lower lekes, is one mile in length, snd ooet •bout one miUioa dollars. It was bu&t in the yeara 18S3, *64, *65, b7 the Saint Mary's Falls Ship Oanal Gom- pany, under a oontraet with oommission- ers appointed by the authorities d the State of Michigan to secure the building of the canaL A grant of tSOfOOO acres of the public land had preTiooidy been made by Con- greas to the State of Michigan^ to aid in the construction of this important worlc. This grant of 760,000 acres was given to the parties contracting for the building of the canal, provided the work should be completed within two years l^m the date of the contract The work was commenced in the spring of 1853, and 'completed within the time spedfled in the contract {two ytarsf). This result was accomplished under many disadyantages, during a very sickly •season, and when g^reat difficulty was ex- perienced in obtaining laborers; but the unremitting vigor of those who had the charge of the work securedfits completion hi the most substantial, permanent, and acceptable manner. During a great portion of the time there were from 1,200 to 1,600 men employed upon the work, ei^flusivo of the force at the different quarries where the stone was out and prepared for the locks, beside a large force employed in necessary agen- cies, getting timber, eta The stonea for the locks were out at Anderden, Canada (near MaldenX and at Marblehead, near Sandusky, in Ohio. These were sent in vessds to the work, some twenty-five different sailing vessels being emi^oyed in this business. On the completion of the canal in June, 1866, the governor of the State, the State Officers, ana the Oanal Oommissioners pro- 7 oeeded to Sant Bfea. Maria fipv iht pnrpoaa of humecting the wwk. . Itwaaaooepta4 a&d tnereupon, in aoowdanoe with the terma of the contract, the State authoi^ ities released to the Oanal Company and issued patents for the 760,000 acres of land. This was ail the remuneration the oompany received for the work. The lands were selected during tfM building of the canal, by agents 19- pointed by the governor of Micnigan. Of the 760.000 acres, 89,000 aorea wera •elected hn tne iron region of Lake Su- perior, 147,000 acres in the copper region, and the balance^ 664,000 acres, in the . Lower Peninsula^ The following flgu/ea will give soma idea of the magnitude of this woric : Length of canal, 6,648 feet, — • 1 mOa 304 feet. Width at top, 116 fbet-at w«t•^lill•k 100 feefr-at bottom, 64 foot The depth of the canal is 12 Ibei A slope wall on the sides of the oanal la 4,000 feet in length. There are two looks, each 360 feet in length. Width of looks, 70 feet at top— 61| feat at bottom. The waDs are 26 feet high— 10 foot thick at bottom. Lift of upper lock, 8 feet— lower do., 10 feet; total lockage, 18 feet Lower wharf, 180feetlong; 20feetwide. Upper wharf, 830 Ibet long; fhrni 16 to 80 feet wide. There are 3 pairs of foldhug gates, each 40 feet wide. Upper gate, 17 feet highr-Jower gate, 24 feet 6 hiohes high. There are also upper and lower caisson gates, used for shuttmg off the water from the canaL The amount of lumber, timber, and iron used in the building of the piers and gates is enormous. There were 108,437 Ihs. of wrought iron used hi the gates, and 38,000 Ibe. oast iron. ..'5 •8 fftOM OmOAOO TO MAIVnrAO AVD lAUT tn MAmn. About 8,000 feet of oak timber, eto. The toUi on the oenal are coUeoted by the Sta t e- ere merely nominil — and only intended to defray the neoesaary expenaea of repairs. Thb St. Mart's Falls Ship Oaval, ICiohigan, now forms a navigable oom- muniwtion between Lake Superior and Huron, passing through the St. ICary's Birer for a distance of about 00 miles. Tlie first Steamer which passed throogli the looks waa the Ilumoisi 927 tons, commanded by John Wilson, on her Mp through to the upper ports on Lake Su- perior, June 18, 1865. The Illinois was followed by the Steamer Baltimore, 614 tons: Samuel Ward, 434 tona; and the Nortn Star, 1,100 tone, during the month of Junp of the same year. OPnmra Aim Ctoanro or NAYioAnov, from 1856 to 186S, induslTe. Dfttn FInt YeMd. Jane 18, 1806 Illlnoii, 4, 18fiS MMhAtton, •, 1857 North 8tM( la 1808 IronCttTv 8, 1808 l4UljElgtii, 11, 1860 Fonntidn City, 8. 1801 MlQhlna, 1882 iMty dr CleTeknd, 1888 MlnenlKock, Ifey Umy April M*7 Max M»jr «, April 27, April 28, •STtoai. Wot. 880 ** Not. 1,100 •♦ Not. 800 •* Not. 1,088 •♦ Not. 880 •* Not. 8*9 •* Not. . t88. - Not; 660 •* Date. tun YeM«L 88,1800 PiMiet. 18, 1800 Oen. Taylor, 80, 186T Mineral Roek, 90,1808 LMly ElfflB, 28, 1800 Forester, 81, 1880 Montfoincry, 98,1861 Oen. Taylur, 97, 18tt MliMnl Book, ATerage season of navigation, 0| months. Eak.of IbU, 6 oents for eyeiy registered ton, for every description of l,16«toaa 489 •• 066 • 1,008 t* 884 •* 878 •• 400 «" 105 « TABLS OF DISTAHC18. From Toronto to Collloiffwooil aood Saiit Sto« RI»rle. ToBOMTO TO Oollihowood {BaOrood JZtmfeX M mitos. Stiakboat Roun. (OoUingwood to Sant Ste. Marie, Mich., passing through Oeorgiaa Bay and North GhanneL) Ports, etc. Miles. Ports, etc. » Miks. OoLLnrowooD. Saut Stb. MAsn Cape Rich : 80 Sugar Island. 4 Oabot'a Head 80 Garden River Set 10 Lonely Idand. 100 Churches Landing 14 GapeSmyth 125 Lake Oeorge SO Nebish Rapids S4 St Joseph Island .'. . . 86 The Narrows H5 Oampoment lyOurs Is 88 BneeMinct .* 50 Sh»4HHoa-nah-ning 145 Man4-tou>wah>ning (35 m.) lAtOe Owrent, ) ...^ GreatManitoulin Is. J* Clapperton Island. ;..... 190 FROM TOBOIITO TO OOLUVOWOOD AMD §kVt tm. MARU. 99 Barrieldud 9S0 Cookburn Iilaud S55 Drummond's IiUnd, Mich 370 BnueMine«, C. W. 290 St. Joieph IflUnd 296 Tampement D'Ouni !■ 802 The Narrows 80S Sugar Island, Mioh 316 Nebish Rapida. 816 Lake George 820 ChwelCt Landmg. , 826 Garden River Bet 180 Saut Sn. Mabib. 840 BniMBOAT Faib, $8 60. Including meala. Porti, eta. MOm. Drunnond's Iilaad, Ifleli ' TO Ooekbum Island, 0. W '. 86 Barrie Island 120 Cli^perton laland 160 lAUk Ourreni ) ^m/i Great Maiutoulin li. f "" Ifan-i-toii-wah-ning ^6 m.) Sht-ba-vKHuA-ning 196 GapeSmTth 816 Lonelr laland 140 Gabot^s Head MO OapeRich 810 GOLLXNGWOOD J' SUAL Too, 86 houn. NoTB.— -Landingi in Jkiite, C«IUagW#od, 94 miles north from Toronto, ia most advantageously aituated near the head of UTottawassaga Bi^, an indentation of Georgian Bay. The town, although commenced in 1864, at the time of the completion of the Ontario, Simcoe. and Huron Railroad, now oontains (1861) about 2,000 inhabitants, and is rapidly in- creasing. The surprising growtix is main- ly owing to its being the northern termi- nus df the railway which connects the Georgian Bay with Lake Ontario al Toronto. Great numbers of travdlero and emigrants are at this point transferred to steamersor propellers, bound fbr Mackinae, Green Bay, Ohioago, and the Great West, as well as to the Snot Ste. Marie and Lake Superior. Here are a long pier, 800 (bet in length; a breakwater, and light-hoose; several large stores and storehouses; four hotels, and two or three ehurdies In the course of ereodon. The steamers leaving OoUingwood fbr Mackinac and Ohicago^ running along the west shore of Lake Michigan, are of a Urge class, aflbrding good aooommodationa tot tmveller& Steamers nm every dijy to Owen*a Sound, 60 miles distant; aad woeMy to Bruce Mh^es, the Sant Ste. M*- rie^ and into Lake Superior, aflbrding * delightftil steamboat excursion. Immense quantities of fish a? 3 taken in the waters of Nottawassaga Bay, being prfaioipallv carried to the Toronto sttrkel The, whole north ^hore of the Georgian Bay abounda in white flsli, salmon, trout^ BMskalonge, and other fish of fine quali^, affording profitable employment to the Oanadiaos and Indiana "Some idea of the value and exteirt cf the fishing operations prwnisottouslv pur> sued hi Nottawassaga Bay may be formed from the knowledge that the average daily take exceeds one tiionsand fish, w^ghing ft«m.fi>rty. pounds down to one pound. At this rate, that of the season would not UM diort of £40,000. At the mouth of tiie Nottawassaga Biver the wUte fish are netted in perfect shoadt thronghoui the mawning season. Meal ot the larger khM of trout spawn about the islands upon beds of calcareous rook, over which a lifting drift of sand or gravel paseee hy the adion ef the waives^ 100 TRIP THROUGH TBI LAKK8. where the water is shallow; and ft'om being exposed to the sun, th^, temperature of the lake is warmer at these localities than elsewhere. Thither the fishermen resort, and net the fish, yapid and plfusid as they are, in fabulous amounts." OEOEGIAN BAY. The deeply romantic diaraoter of this pure and lovely body of water is almost unknown to the American public — flying as it does to the northeast of Lake Huron, being entirely within the confines of Owada. The northeast shore is the most romantic and highly interesting, from t|^ fact of there being innumerable islanW and islets «dong the coast, greatly exceed- ing in number the " Thousand Islands" of the St Lawrence. From Penetanguishene, northeast to She-ba-wa-ns^-nlng, where commences the Sioturesque body of water Icnown as the Ti^fth Channd, there is one continued sue- cession of enchanting scenery. Here the wild fowl, f\ir*bearing game, and the finny tribe disport in perfect freedom, being as yet far removed from the busy haunts of civilization. Oeorgian Bay is nearly as large as Lake Ontario, while the North Channel, connect- ing with St. Mary's River on the west, may be said to be as large as Long Island Sound, dotted with a large number of love- ly islands, while to the south lies the romantic island of the €freat ManitouUn, and on the north rises La Clocha ifotintotn— -altogether forming the most grand and romantic scenery. BOUTS FBOM COLLINGWOOD, C. W.» TO THE SAVT STE. MAEIE. THBOUaH GBOBQXAN BAT AND NOBTE[ OHANNBL. This is a new and highly interesting steamboat excursion, brought into notice by the completion of the Ontario, Simcoe, tmd Huron Bailroadj extending from Toronto to Oollingwood, af the southern extremity of Georgian Bay. NoTTAw ASSAOA Bay, the southsm termi- nation of Oeorgian Bay, is a large expanse of water bounded by Gape Rich on the west, and Christian Island on the east, each being distant about 30 miles from Ck^ng- wood. At the south end of the bay lies a small group of islands called the Hen and Chickens. Chbistiam Island, lying about 26 miles 'fhun Penetanguishene, and 25 milesnorth- east of Gape Rich, is a large and fertile island, which was early settled by the Jesuits. There are several others passed north of Christian Island, of great beauty, while still farther northwest are encoun- tered- innuiperable islands and islets, form- ing labyrinths, and -secluded passages and ooves as yet ahnost unknown to the white man, extending westward for upward of one hundred miles. Pbnbtanguishbni), G. W., 50 miles north of CoUingwood by steamboat route, situated on a lovely and secure bay, is an old and very important settlement, com- prising an Episcopal and Roman Catholic ohurch, two hotels, a custom-house, severa i -i.i i i i , M i fm , 0m»im ROVTl VROM OOLLINOWOOD TO SAUT BTB MARIK. 101 stores and storehouaes, and haa about 600 ii^bitants. In the immediate yieinitj are a naval and military depot and barracks, established by the British government. The natural beauties of the bay and har- bor, combined with the picturesque scenery of the shores, make up a picture of rare beauty. Here may be seen the native Indian, the half-breed, and the Canadian Voyageur, with the fuU-blooded Englishman or Scotchman, forming one community. This place, be^ng near the mouth of the River Severn, and contiguous to the numberless islands of (Georgian Bay, is no doubt destined to become a favorite resort for the angler and sports- mun, as well as for the invalid and seeker of pleasure. On leaving OoUingwood for Bruce Mines and the Saut Ste. Marie, the steamer usually runs direct across Georgian Bay to Lonely Island, passing Cabot's Head to the right, and the passage leadmg into the broad waters of Lake Huron, which^ is the route pursued by the steamers in the voyage to Mackinac, Green Bay, and Ch'cago. During the sununer months -the trip from CoUingwood to Mackinac and Chicago affords a delightful excursion. Owen's Sound, or Sydenham, 50 miles west of Collingnvood, although off the direct route to the Saut Ste. Marie, is well worthy of a passing notice. Here is a thriving settlement, surrounded by a fertile section of country, and containing about 2,500 inhabitants. A steamer runs daily from Gollingwood to this place, which will, no doubt, soon be reached by railroad. Lonely Island, situated about 100 miles west of CoUingwood and 20 miles east of the Great Manitoulin Islands, is a large body of land mostly covered with a dense forest, and uninhabited, except by a few fishermen, who resort here at certain seasons of the year for the purpose of takiug fish of different kmds. The steam- er usually passes this island on its north side, iteerin|f for CSspe Sm\/t\ % bold promontory jutting out Arom the Great Manitoulin, and distant from t«onely liland about 26 miles. Squaw Island and Papoose Island are seen on the northeast, wliile farther inland are the Fox Jslanda, being the com- mencement on the west of the mhumera- ble islands which abound along the north shore of Georgian Bay. La Cloche Mountains, rising 4bout 2,000 feet above the sea, are next seen in the distance, toward the north ;■ these, com- bined with the wild scenery of the islands and headlands, form a grand panoramic view, enjoyed Arom the d^ of the passing steamer. Smyth's Bay is passed on the west, some eight or ten miles distant. At the head of this bay, on the great Manitoulin Island, are situated a viUage of Indians, and a Jesuit's mission, called We-qua-me- kong. These aborigines are noted for their industry, raising wheat, com, oats, and potatoes in large quantities. This part of the island is very fertile, and the climate is healthy. She-ba-wa-nah-ning, signifying, hi the Indian dialect, " Here is a Channel,'" is a most charming spot, 40 miles distant flrom Lonely Islan<^ hemmed in by mountains on the north and a high rocky island on the south. It is situated on the north side of a narrow channel, about half a mile in length, which has a great depth of water. Here are a convenient steamboat landing, a church, a store, and some ten or twdve dwellings, inhabited by Cana- dians and half-breids. Indians assemble here often in considerable numbers, to sell their fish and furs, presenting with their canoes and dogs a very grotesque appear- ance. One resident at this landing usual- ly attracts much attention — a noble dog, of the color of cream. No sooner does the steamer's bell ring, than this anhnal rushes to the wharf| sometimes assisting to secure the rope that is thrown ashore ; 102 rmf VHROUCtH THS LAXIli. the next move he makes !■ to beerd the Tessel, as though he were a custom-house officer ; but on one occasion, in his eager- ness to get into the kitchen, he fell over- board ; nothing daunted, he swam to the shore, and then again boarding the vessel, fucoeeded in his desire to fill his stomach, showing the instinct whidi prompts many a biped office-seeker. On leaving She'ba-wa-nah-ning and pro- ceeding westward, a most beautiful bay is passed) studded with islands ; and moun- tains upwards of 1,000 feet in height, pre- senting a rocky and sterile appearance, form an appropriate background to the view ; thence are passed Badgley and Heywood Islands, the latter lying off Hey- wood Sound, situated on the north side of the Great Manitoulin. Man-i-tou-wah-nino, 25 miles Aorth- west of She-ba-wa-nah-ning, ishtrndsome- ly situated at the head of Heywood Sound. It is an Indian settlement, and also a government agency, being the place annually selected to distribute the Indian annuities. Little CuRBEirr, 25 miles west of She- ba-wa-nah-ning, is another interesting landing on the north shore of the Great Manitoulin, opposite La Cloche Island. Here the main channel is narrow, with a current usually running at the rate of five or six knots an hour, being much affected by the winds. The steamer stops at this lUuading for an hour or upward, receiving a sup^y of wood, it being furnished by •n inteU^nt Indian or half-breed, who resides at this place with his family. In- dians are often seen here in considerable numbers. Tttey are reported to be indo- lent -and harmless, too often neglecting the cultivation of the soil for t^ more uncertain pursuits of fishing and hunting, although a considerably large clearing is to be seen indifferently cultivated. Glappbrton Island and other islands of less magnitude are passed in the North Channel, which is a large body of water about 120 miles long and 25 miles wide- On the north shore is situated a post of the Hudson Bay Company, whidi may be seen Arom Uie deck of the passing steamer. CocKBURN Island, 85 miles west of Little Current lies directly west of the Great Manitoulin, Arom which it is sepa- rated by a narrow channeL It is a large island, somewhat elevated, but uninhabit- ed, except by Indians. Drummond Island, 15 miles farther westward, belongs to the United States, being attached to the State of Michigan. This is another large body of land, being low, and as yet mostly uninhabited. The next Island approached before landing at Bruce Mines is 8t. Josbph Is- land, being a large and fertile body of land, with some few settlers. Brucb Minbs Villaqi, C. W., is situ- ated on the north shore of Lake Huroni or the "North Channel,'' as it is here called, distant 290 miles firom CoUingwood, and 60 from the Saut Ste. Marie. Here are a Methodist chapel, a public-house, and a store and storehouse belonging to the Montreal Copper Mining Company, besides extensive buildings used for crush- ing ore and preparing it for the market; about 76 dwellings and 600 inhabitifnts. The copper ore, after being crushed by powerful machinery propelled by steam, is put into puddling troughs and washed by water, so as to obtain about 20 per cent, pure copper. In this state it is shipped to the United States and England, bringing about $80 per ton. It then has to go through an extensive smelting pro- cess, in order to obtain the pure metaL The mines are situated in the immediate vicinity of the village, there being ten (^nings or shafts from whidi the ore is obtained in its crude state. Horse-power is mostly used to elevate the ore: the whims are above g^und, attached to which are ropes and buckets. This mine gives employment to about 800 wduced a copper ore dif- fering ft-om that which is yielded by other mines of that peninsula. "Ten years ago this mine was opened, and large sums expended for maclunery, which proved useless, but it is now un- der new management, and promises to yield profitably. Twelve shafts have been opened, one of which has been carried down some 330 feet. Some 200 or 300 men are employed, all from the European mines. Some of (he ores are very beauti- ful to the eye, resembling fine gold. After being taken out of the shaft, they are taken upon A rail-track to the crushing- house, where they are passed between large iron rollers, and sifted till only a fine powder remains ; from thence to the 'jifffirer- works,' where they are shaken in water till much of the earthy matter is washed away, after which it is piled in the yard ready for shipment, having more the appearance of mud than of copper. It ia ndw mostly shipped to Swansea, in Wales, for smelting. Two years since, 1,500 tons were shipped to Baltimore and Buffalo to M smelted." ' On resuming the voyage after lealving Bruce Mines, the steamer runs along St. Joseph Island through a beautiful idieet of water, in which are embosomed some few islands near the main* shore. OAMPBmiTT D'OuBS is an island passed on the left, lying contiguous to St Joseph Island. Here are encountered several small rodcy islands, forming an intricate channel called the ^^NaUrotu" On some of the islands in {Lis group are found cop- per ore, and beautiftd specimens of mesa The forest-trees, however, are (^« dwwrf- ish griwth, owing, no doubt, to the scant- iness of soil on these rocky islands. About 10 miles west of the " Narrows,'* the main channel of the St. Mary's Hir- er is reached, forming the boundary be- tween the United States and Canada. ▲ rocky island lies on the Canadian sid^ whidi is reserved for government pur^ poses, as it commands Uie main or ahlp ohanneL SuOAB ISLANO Is now reached, wfaioii belongs to the United States, tfA thf steamers run a further distance of 25 miles, when the landing at the Saut Ste. M»> rie is reached, there being settlements on both sides of the river. The British boats usually land on the north side, while tho American boats make a landing on titio south side of the river, near the mouth of the fdiip canaL TKIP FEOM COLLnrGWOOB TO POST WILIJA]I» C. W. Ths First Trip or thi Stbambb Rrsour. " To the Editor of the Ibronto OJohe. " Sib : As you have on all occasions taken a prominent part in advocating the opening up of the Hudson's Bay Territory ad the North Shore of Lake Superior, I sena you ft log journal of the first cruise of the Steamer Resctntf Captain Jaji ss Diok, ftom Oollingwood to Fort WilGam. On thia trip, she fairly maintained hor previous reputation ; for in a heavy gale of wind o& the beam for many hours, between Mich- ipicohen Island and Fort William, shs made her 10| miles per hour, and, during the gale, was steady, and firee ftom any 104 TRIP tBHODOH TBI LAKES. imptoMint uotton. W« toft OolUsgwood •t 10.80 A. K., on th« lath ^uly, 1868, Oiptilii Ksnnedj in oharge o( the mails, for Red River. We paeaed Oabot'a Head at 6.80 p. M.; Gove Island light, at 9 p. K. (merely * lantern on the top of the tower, Tisible about two miles on a dei^ night) ; paaaed between the middle and western bttok Islahds al 4 ▲.!!., at eaay steam, .so as to enter the Missisaga Straits in day- li^t : at 11.80 a. k., ran alongside the wnarfat Brvee MkMt; landed mails, and wooded. Under the Icind supervision of Mr. Davidson we inspected the process of extraoting oom>er ore flrom the bowels of the earth, we found that it contained i per cent at the mouth of the pit, and 26 per cent barrelled up in the form of paste. Boinetime ago, thd Montreal Mining Com- pan/ (owning tha Bruce Mines), leased balf their looatioBL to the Wellington Min- ing Company. There are, in conseiiuence, wttfain one mile, separated by a small Jaland, two establishments, forming one oonsiderable town. Arrived at Saut 8te. Mariei Pim*i wharf (British side), at 1 p. IL; landed mails, and ran over to the Amwican side for coals. At 6 jl m., on the Utii, entered the ship-iSsnal, pa^^ng ■iz cents per km lockage dues. Mr. Sunp- ion, of the Hudson's Bay Company, veiy politely sent with us the Oaptaln of their ■cdiooner to pilot us through to Phie Point, where we engaged his aon-in-law, Alex, dark, as lulot. "FasMid White Fish Point, Lake Su- perior, at 10 o'dook a. m.. Caribou Island at4.30 o'clock p. x. Thii island was so- called, Arom the circumstance of Captain McHargOt who accompanied Bayfield in his survey, having on one occasion killed 60 Caribous on it. At 6 p. m., we were dose to 'Rescue* Harbor, Island of Mi- dhiirfoa^NL The harbor at Micbipiooten ii described bv the pilot, who has been 15 Tears on the lake, as superb, and is so laid down by Bayfield. The island is about 16 miles by 6^ covered with spruce, (Ir, birdi, ash and maple, the latt^gro\i^i ing on elevated grouno. There are sever- al lakes upon it, fVill of speckled trout; Qie bay is full of salmon, trout, and white fish. A schooner was loaded here last season in a very short time with fish in and i^ut the harbor; and the climate is said by old voyageurs to be far more pleasant during the winter than at the Saut and other ^aoes farther south, being of a drier nature* Between the island and the main land is the most sheltered passage, with two ex- cellent harbors on each side, one at Ot- ters' Creek and the other at Miohipicoten River and harbor. This latter place is an important port of the Hudson's Bay Company, distant from JTooiM Ibrt, Hud- son's Bay, 300 miles, which has-been paaa- ed over in canoes in six days. Mi(mipi<> coten Island is said to contain great min- eral deposit — silver, copper, and lead; tiie Quebec Mining Company have a location here. At daybreak on Thursday we passed Slate Island, and shortly after encountered a dense fog and lay to till 1 p. x. It waa two o'dook before we saw land. Passed dose to Thunder Cape, a perpendioidar rook rising flrom the water's edge 1,360 feet Anchored at Fobt Whxiah, situ- ated at the mouth of Kaministoguoi River at 1 p. M., on Thursday 16th, and landed the mail Owing to a bar and shoal at the mouth of the *iver, we anchored about a mile trom the Fort, early on Fridi^ the 16th. Some of the party went up the river in canoes to ^& Jesuit Mission, about three miles, wjiere they were kindly re- ceived by the priest Oapt Jas. Dick and Mr. MoMurrich went fialiing to Current River, about five miles to the north, where the speckled trout proved too large and * The romutio and uninhabited harbor on the Booth ^de of Miohii>io(»ten Island, exceeds in aafetv^Ktent, and griuideur any harbor found on the smR of these arreat lakes. It waa visited by the steamer ** Phmghboyy with a party of pleasure on board in 1840^ lying at anchor all night TRIP FKOM OOLLIVOWOOD TO VORT WILLIAM. lOff id* ' ► strong for Uieir Ughl rods and taoUa^ smaBmng the tops of their rodu and tear- ing away their lines and flies as fast as they were thrown ii, and they had to give it up for want of material. One of tlie trout caught was the largest speckled trout I have seen for some years. There are trout in this stream, and in aUthe riupid streams between the Saut and Fort Wil- liam, from 2 lbs. to 6 lbs., and if larger ones are required, at Neepigon Biver they can be caught from 8 lbs. to 12 Ibe. Fancy such a spot, ye disciples of Isaac Walton; speckled trout to be had fw the trouble of throwing a fly, within 3^ days of Toronto, weighing from 2 lbs. to 12 lbs. In this vidnity are to be found beantifril specimens of amethyst and other {veoious stones. " The gardens at Fort William and at th Jesuit Mission are as forward as those on the north part of the county of Simooe. The Hudson's Bay Oompany have a large fonn, 60 cows besides horses and sheep, and up the river there are other farms; they raise oate, bariey, and all kinds of vegetables, and I see no rea- son why they cannot raise wheat. Mrs. Mclntyre, the wife of the agent, was very polite and kind, and invited us all up to the Fort— gave us supplies of milk and vege- tables. By this route their trade is car- ried on to Red River. Sir Qeorge Simp- son returned teoai Red River just before we arrived with two canoes (9 men in each) and left again for the Saut This bay. Black Thunder, Neepigon Bay, and Pie Island Bay and neighborhood, abound in white fish and trout — 10 fish fluently flU a barrel — 20 as a general rule; nets should be H to T^inch mesh. Our pilot, two years ago, in five weeks, widi two men, filled 176 barrels; he was frimished by* merchants at the Saut with barrels and salt, and $6 when returned Aill — ^the rate this year being about $4. Thirty barrels of white fish were taken at one haul of a seine near Fort William. We left Fort WQUam at>S p. It, for Cfrand Portage^ pas^ng McKay's Modbft of Oreenstone, 1,000 feet perpendiouuwr height La Pate or Pie Island. 860 foet perpendicular ; this island is said to sboond m lead ; hardly a stems can be picked njs on the shore witheot lead in it On all these islands valuable stones can be pick* ed up, fit for brooches and rings* Th* channel being very intricate, and the pQol not quite posted up^ we kj to till d«gr« break, and entered Onmd Forkufe Boy 9^ 6 A. M. Capt Kennedy landed here with the mails, porohased a canoe, and waa ready to start before we left. A nudeiis of a town has already sprung up here on the United States side. "After giving Oufit, Kennedy a hear^ shake of uie hand all round, we started homeward* at f.l6 a. x., and passed Cop- per Harbor at 2 p. x., Maniftou Light 6.|P p. X., White Fish Point 6.40 ▲. x.: and c:i the 18th July entered the Saos Canal at 10.18 ▲. x. Coaled on Urn American side, and wooded on Pim'a wharf; British side. Landed the maQ, and Itarted at 2.46 p. x. Came to the wharf at Bruce Mines at seven p. x.— >wooded and left at 7.40 — ^passhig through the Mis- sesaga Straits and the channel between the Middle and West Duck. On the 19th passed Cove Island light at 8 A. X,— Cabot's Head 10 o'dook a. x., and came to the wharf at Cidling- wood at 6 p. X. Thus making the first trip, including delays and stoppages round Lake Superior, in $evmday»cmi»i» houn; distance run, taken ttom Bayfield's chart, between 1,260 and 1,300 (geographic cal) miles. The average speed, wmnmg Hmej being a little over ten mUeaper haw, " The scenery throughout, and especial- ly that of Superior, is magnificent And now that the means of communicatideep is realized,-^ vott then being surrounded by an un- broken waste of waters. DIttailoe around lAke Superior* ^ Saut Stb. Marib to Fort William, 0. W., 800 miles ; Fort William to Superior Oity, Wis., 200 miles; Superior Oity to Saut Ste. Marie (American side), 365 miles — 4naking the grand oiroult of Lake Supe- riw, 1,065 miles. Dl8UiiieM flroai the Mmmt. WU. Marie to Superior €)lt|r^ Porto, Ae. DUtUMes. Saut Stk. Mabib, Mich Point Iroquois 15 White Fish Point 85 Point au Sable 60 Pictured Rooks 80 Grand Island 10 Mwiising^ Mich 6 Mabqubttb, " 45 Huron Islands 45 Portage Entry 85 H'mgV'n (Portage Lalce, 14 m.) Uanitou Island, or Kewee- ) g^ naw Point f "" CcpperHairhor, 15 Agate Harbor 10 Emgk Barbor • Eagk Bivtr 9 ONTOVAQoir, Mich 66 Porcui^n^ Hills 85 lMPaint»,WM 68 Bau/Md 8 Point de Tour 10 SopsBiOR Orrr, Wis. tO 00 15 40 00 110 180 186 170 815 840 800 815 885 831 840 405 480 488 485 495 565 whe nam Hoi whi bein duri GEAHD PLBABtraS EZOtTESIOH ABOUVD LAXB SITPSEIOB. On leaving the Ship Oanal, at the Saut, tiie steamer ascends a beautiM stretdi of the St. Mary's River (br 10 miles be- fan reaching Waiska Bay, being an ex- eAsicMti ci. ih» river of about 6 miles, ere the shores assume a bold appearance well worthy the attention of the traveller before launching out on the waters of the broad lake. Iroquois Point, on the American side, and Gro8 Gap, on the Ganadian sidey^are next passed, l5 miles (hun the Saut Ste. Marie. ^ The latter is a bold promcmtory, rishig some 400 or 600 feet above the water, with still Idgher hills rising in the distanoe. ToKQUAiONOV Bat is next entered, and a scene of grandeur is presented to the view; on t^ southwest or American shore the land rises to a moderate heighty while on. the northeast or Ganada sh<»e the land ritos to mountwn height, being elevated trom 800 to 1,000 feet, running off for in the distanoe toward the n<^h. Paribibn and other islands, attaehed to Ganada, are passed on tibe right, the bay being about 26 miles long uid as many broad; in feet, fwming a part of Lake Superior, whose pure waters are in Aill view as far as ttie eye can reach. GouLAis Bat, and Point, another bold headland, lie to the north of Qros Gain ■ZOUMfOIr AROUVO LAKB SUFBRIOR. 107 MII«t. 00 1ft 40 00 no ISO 136 170 215 SiO 300 815 825 831 840 406 430 488 486 496 666 wh«rB tfitnv » lirvt or' Um same name, and are situated on the Oanada side. Hore are fine flshing-ffrounds in the bay, while the rlTer abounds in n>eGk]ed trout, being a fiiTored resort for mUung-parties during pleasant weather. Lake Superior, by fiw the largest of the Inland Seas of North AmeHoa, ly- ing between 46<* 30' and 49* north lati- tude, and between 84(> 30' and 98* 30' west longitude, situated at a height of 600 feet above the sea, from whioh it is distant about 1,600 miles by the course of its outlet and the St. Lawrence lUyef, is 460 miles long tnm east to west, and 170 miles broad in its widest part, witii an average breadth of 86 miles. It is 800 feet in greatest depth, extending 800 feet below the level of the ocean ; estimated area, 32,000 square miles. Near two hundred rivers and creeks are said to flow into the lalce, the greater part being small strei^ms, and but few navigable, ex- cept by canoes, owing to their numerous Ms and n^ds. It contains several islands, the most important of which are Me Eoyaie^ and The IMhe ApdgUea, near its western extremity, and Qrand Island, all attached to the United States ; Caribou Island, Ifidiipicoten, St Ignace, Pie, Slate, and odier islands sttached t6 Canada. KswBBKAW Fonrr is its most remarka- ble feature, jutting far out into the lake some sixty or seventy miles. On the range of hills running through this point, about 20 miles wide, are found ib» most val- uable copper mines in the world. Its good and secure harbors are but few on the south side of the lake, while on the north shore and islands are several perfectly safe harbors, and easy of access. It dis- charges its surplus waters by the Strait, or River St. Mary, 60 miles long, into Lake Huron, which lies 27 feet below, most of the de£>cent being at the Saut Ste. Marie, where is a Ship Canal three-fourths of a mile in length, with two locks of 10 ftet less each, overcoming i'^desoent of 30 feet. " The early French Jesuit fathers, who first explored and described this great lake, and published an account of it in Paris, in 1636, describe the form of ita shores as similar to that of a bended bow, the northern shore behig the arc, and th« southern shore the Cord, while Keweenaw Point, prqjeotbff ttom the southern shore to near the middle of the lake, is the ar- row.** This graphic description is illustrated by a map, prepared by them, which dis- plays the geographical position of iti shores with as much fidelity as most of the maps of our day, and proves that those early exidorers were peffecUyfik miliar with its outline and shores. " The coast of Lake Superior is mostly formed of rooks of various kinds, and of different geological groups. With the ex- ception of samly bars at the mouth of some of the rivers and small streams, tiie whole coast o{ the lake is rock-bound; and in some places, but more particularly on the north shore, mountain masses of considerable elevation rear themselves from the water's edg^ while mural pred- I^cesand beetling cr^;s oppose themselves to the surges of this mighty lake, and threaten the unfortunate mariner, who may be caught in a storm upon a lee-shore^ witti almost hievitable destruction." " Father at Lakes t thy waters bend Beyond the eagle's utmost view. When, throned In heaven, he sees thee r-^ad Bade to the sky Its world of bine, ** Boundless and deep, the fbrests weare Their, twilight shade thy borders o'er, And threatening ellllh, like giants, heave Their rugged forms along thy shore." There are now situated on the Ameri- can side of Lake Superior twelve light- houses, viz., on Point Iroquois; White Fish Point; Grand Island; Marquette Harbor; Portage Entry; Manitou Island, near Keweenaw Point; Copper Harbor; 108 TMP THBOUOH THX LAKI8. Baffle Harbor; Bag^ BlTer; Ontonagon, at mouth Ontonagon River; La Pointe, on Madeline Island; »nd Minnesota Point, mouth of St. Louis River. A. government survey of the Upper Lakes, including the St. Mary's River and Straits of Mackinac, is being made by a corps of Topogn^hical Surveyors, which when published will Aimish accu- rate charts of these Inland Seas. Whit^ Fish Point, and Lioht-housi, 40 miles from the Saut, lies on the south- west or American shore, forming a con- spicuous landmark, while Mamaina Pioint is seen on the northeast or Canada shore. On passing White Fiah P&irU, where may be seen a number of " sand-dunes," or hills, and a light-house 76 feet in height, the broad waters of Lake Superior are reached. The steamers usually pur- sue a westerly course toward Orand Island or Marquette, passing Point au Sable, 50 miles farther. Dnring dear weather, the steep sandy hills on the south shore, ranging firom 300 to 600 feet in height, may be seen from the deck of the steamer. Ponrr au Sablb, 60 miles from White Fish Point, is the first object of interest seen on the south shore, on the upward trip^ from the deck of the passing steamer, which usually runs within sight of land, affording views of a contmued succession of interesting points and bold headlands. The PiotubbD Rooks, 20 miles fhrther, or about 110 miles flrom the Saut, are next passed, presenting a magnificent ap- pearance at certain times of the day, when favorably seen under the rays of a brilliant sun; then the effect is height- ened by the constantly changing appear- ance of these alihost enchanted rocks. The steamers occasionally run dose in shore, when the weather is favorable, af- fording a fine opportunity to examine these wonders of nature. Trip to lAke Superior. Extract firom a Letter, dated "St. lUiUroiB, off Pictured Roche, L. A, *'July, 31, 1862. "At sunrise this morning, m ap- proached the far-(luned Pictured Boeke of Lake Superior, and were fkkvored with one of the most grand scenes imaginable. The sun rose dear, reflecting its rays in the waters of the lake, presenting a got- geous appearance. The SaU IMe, and other points of interest, were dif^ctly visible, while the steamer was running for the ' Grand PortaiP of the voyageura, the most remarkable feature of this won- der of nature, varying with every doud effect as seen flrom the passing vessel "The steamer approached cautiously un- til she had run her bows under the project- ing cUf^ then came to a stand-still as quietly as though she was lying at a pier or wharf, giving the numerous passengers a fine opportunity to examine the deep re- cesses of this immense , cavern, the floor being covered with dear, transparent water to the depth of ;0 or 20 feet In- side were visible two lesser openings, where a small boat might pass out into the lake on either side— the portaii being fbrmed at the termination of a projecting diff— rising about 200 feet above the lake surface. "The Pictured Rocks are thus briefly described by Foster and Whiti^^ey, in their geological report: — 'l^ey may be de- scribed, in jreneral terms, as a series of sand-stone bluffs, extending along the South shore of Lake Superior, for eight or ten miles, and rising, in most places, vertically from the water, without any beach at the base, to a height varying from 60 to 200 feet' "Yours, Ac., J. D." of ed ed tifi SX0UB810N AROUITD LAKE lUPIBIOB. 109 < The Pidwred Roeka^ of which almMt fob- ulous aoooonts are given by traveUera, are one of the wonders of this "Inland Sea." Here are to be seen the Cascade liUk and other objects of great interest The Am- ?hitheatre, Miners' Castle, Ohapel, Grand 'ortal, and Sail Bock, are points of great picturesque beauty, which require to be peen to be justly appreciated. Extract ttom FosTiB and WHrnntT's Report of the Qeology of the Lalce Supe- rior Land District: PtctnnDd Rocks.—" The range of difflB to which the name of the Pictur- ed Roolcs has been given, may be regard- ed as among the most striking Mid beau- tiful features of the scenery of the North- west, and are well worthy the attention of tlie artist, the lover of the grand and beautiful, and the observer of geological phenomena. "Although occasionally visited by trav- ellers, a fuU and accurate description of this extraordinary locality has not as yet been communicated to the public.* "The Pictured Bocks may be described, in general terms, as a series of sandstone bluffs extending along the shore of Lake Superior for about five miles, and rising^ in most places, vertically fh>m the water, without any beach at the base, to a height varying from fifty to nearly two hundred * Sohooloraft hu nndertaken to describe this range of oIifflis*n ing maas, in wUioh the form of the Oothki gateway may be reoogpiised, is about sev- enty feet, while that of the main mSl forming the background is about one hun< cLred and forty. The appearance of the openings at the base changes rapidly with each change in the position of the speo- tatw. On taking a position a little &r- ther to the right of that occupied by the sketcher, the oentnd opening appears more distinctly flanked on either side by two lateral passages, making the resem- blance to an, artificial work still more striking. "A little farther east, Miners' River enters the lake dose under the brow of the clifi^ which here sinks down and g^vea j^boe to a sand-bank i^early a third of a mile in extent The river is so narrow that it requires no little skill on the part of the voyager to enter its mouth when a heavy sea is rolling in from the north. On the right bank, a sandy drifV plain, covered with Norway and Banksian pine, spreads out, affording good camping-ground — the only place of refuge to the voyager until he reaches Ohi^Ml River, five miles distant, if We except a small sand-beach about midway between the two pdnti^ where, in case of necessity, a boat may be beached. "Beyond the sand-beach ab* Miners River the cliffs attain an altitude of one hundred and seventy-three feet, and maintain a nearly uniform height for a con- siderable distance. Here one of those cascades of which we have before spolran is seen foaming down the rook. w ii ■ZOUBUOV AROUVD LAMM tUnmiOR. in "Tht diffli do not foim ■traight liiie% b..t ratlier : -ct of oirdM, the spaoo bo- tweea the projecting point! havmg been worn out in ■ymmetrioal ourvee, eome ot wliioh ftre of large dimonsionl^ To one of the grandest and moet reguljtfly form- ed we gave the naaie of 'The Amphi- theatre.' Looking to the west, anoUier projecting point— ita base worn into oaye- like forms — and a portion of the oonoaye sur&oe of the intervening space are seen. " It is in this portion ^ the aeries that the phenomena of colon are most beauti- fully and oonspicuousl/ displayed. These cannot be illustrated by a mere crayon sketoli, but would require, to reproduce the natural effect, an elaborate drawing on a lar^ scale, in which the various combinations of oolor should be carefiilly represented. These colors do not by any means cover the whole surface of the diff even where they are most conspicuously disi^ayed, but are oonftned to certain portions of the diflb in the vidnity of the Amphitheatre ; the great mass of the sur- face presenting the natural light-yeUow or raw sienna color of the rook. The col* ors are also limited in their vertical range, rarely extending more than thirty (nt forty feet above the water, or a quarter or a third of the vertical height of the dim The prevailing tints oonsist.of deep-brown, Jellow, and gray— burnt sienna and 'renoh gray predominating. " There are also bright blues and greens, though less firequent. All of the tinta are fresh, brilliant, and distinct, and bar* monize admirably with one another, whidi, taken in conne(^on with the grandeur of the arched and cavemed surfaces on which they are laid, and the deep and pure green of the water which heaves and swells at the base, and the rich foliage which waves above, produce an effect truly wonderfuL " They are not scattered indisoriminate- 1? over the surface of the rock, but are arranged in vertioal and pvrallel bands, extending to the watef'r edgtw The mode of thdr produotion it undoiibt- edly as follows: Between the bands or strata of thick-bedded sandstone there are thin seams of shaly matMals,' which are more or less charged with the , metallic oxides, iron largely predemhui* ' ting, with here and there a trace of oopper. As the surfiMe-water penaeates throogli the porous strata It oomea in oontaot with these shaly bands, and, ooaing out firmii the exposed ecU^s, trickles down the faoe of the oliflll^ and leaves behhid a sediment, colored according to the oxide whioh is contained in the band in whidi it origi- nated. It cannot, however, b^denled thai there are some peculiarities which it is difficult to explain by any hypothesis. " On first examkiiag the Pictured Rodn, we were forcibly stru^ with the brillianoy and beauty of the oolors, and wondered why some of our predecessors, in their desoriptiuns, had hwdly adverted to whsl we regarded as their most characteristJo feature. At a subsequent visit we wepe surprised to find that the eflbct of the colors wss much less striking than be* fore ; they seemed fsded out, Iseving only traces of their former brillianoy, so that the traveller might regard this as m un- important feature in we scenery. It is cUfftcult to account for this change^ but it may bo due to the dryness or humidity of the season. If the odon are produoed by the percolation of the water through the strata, taking up and depositing the colored sediments, as before suggested, it is evident that a long period of drought would out off the sup^y of mdiAure, and the colors, being no loi^^r renewed, would fade, and finally disappesr. This exidanation seems reas Tiie main body of the structure conaiats of a Tast masijf a rectilinear shape, prpject* ing out Wo the lake about, aix hundred feet and praaenting a firont of three hun- drea or four hundred feet, and rising to a height of about two hundred feet An entrance has been oxcaTated from one side to the other, ening out into large yaulted paasagea whidi communicate with the great dome, some three hundred feet from the front of the difll The Grand Portal, which opens out on the lake, is of magnificent dimensions, being about one hundred feet in height, and one hun- dred and sixty-eiffht feet broad at the water-leveL The distance fhmi the varge of the diff OTor the arch to the waior is one hundred and thirty-three feet, leaving thhrty-three feet for the thickness of the rock above the arch itself. The extreme height of the diff is about fl(^ feet more, making in all one hundred and eighty- three feet "It ia impossible, by any arrangelnent of words, or by any combination of od- ors, to convey an adequate idea of this wonderfril scene. The vast dimensions of the cavern, the vaulted passages, the varied effects of the light, as it streams through the great arch and iUls on the different objects, the deep emerald green of the water, the unvarying swell of the lake, keei^g up a suooesnon of musiod edioes, tiie reverberations of one's own voice coming back with startling effect all theife must be seen, and heard, and fdt, to be fliHy am>reciate>d. "Beyond the Grand Portal the clilfe gradually diminish in height, and the gen- eral trend of the coast is more to the southeast ; hence the rock, being less ex- posed to the force of the waves, bears fewer marlcs of their destructive action. The entrance to Ohapd Biver is at the most easterly extremity of a sandy beach which extends fat a quarter of a ■■*-^ r ; in 00 P( IZOURSION AROUND LAKS 8I7PSRIOB. 119 mile, and aflbrds a conTenient landing- place, while the drift-terrace, elevated about thirty feet above the lake-level, be- ing an open pine plain, affords excellent camping-gpround, and is the most central and convenient spot for the traveller to pitch his tent, while he examines the most interesting localities in the series which occur in this vicinity — ^to wit, the Grand Portal and the Ghapd. {See Engraving.) "The Chapel — La Chapdle of the voyo- gmra — ^if not the grandest, is among the most grotesqjue of Nature's architoctiu'e here (hsplayed. Unlike the excavations before described, which occur at the wa- ter's edge, this has been made in the rock, at a height of thirty or forty feet above the k^e. The interior consists of a vaidt- ed apartment, which has not inaptly re- ceived the name it bears. An arched roof of sandstone, from ten to twenty feet in thickness, rests on four gigantic col- umns of rook, so as to leave a vaulted apartment of irregular shape, about forty feet in diameter, and about the same in height. The columns consist of finely stratified rock, and have been worn into curious shapes. At the base of one of them an arched cavity or niche has been cut, to which access is had by a flight of steps formed by the projecting strata. The disposition of the whole is such as to resemble very much the pulpit of a church; since there is overhead an arch- ed canopy, and in front an opening out toward the vaulted interior of the chapel, with a fiat tabular mass in front, rising to a convenient height for a desk, while on the right is an isolated block, which not inaptly represents an altar; so that if the whole had been adapted expressly for a place of worship, and fashioned by the hand of man, it could hardly have been arranged more appropriately. It is 8 hardly poBsible to describe the lingular and unique effect of this eztraordmary structure ; it is truly a temple of nature— 'a house not made with hands.' '*0n the west side, and in dose proz- unity. Chapel River enters the lake, pre- cipitating itself over a rod^ ledge ten or fifteen feet in height.* "It is surprising to see how little the action of the stream has worn awajr the rocks which form its bed. There appears to have been hardly any recession of Uie cascade, and the rocky bed has been ex- cavated only a foot or two since the Btream assumed its present direction. " It seems therefore impossible that the river could have had any influence in ex- cavating the CShagA itself, but its exca" vation must be reined to a period when the waters of the lake stood at a higher level "Near the Grand Portal the cliffs are covered, in places, with an efflorescence of sulphate of lime, m delicate crystalli- zations ; this substance not only incrusts the walls, but is found deposited on the moss which lines them, forming singular and interesting specimens, which how- ever cannot be transported without losing their beauty. "At the same place we found numer- ous traces of organic life in the form of obscure fucoidal markings, which seem to be the impressions of plants, similar to those described by Prof. Hall as occurring in tho Potsdam sandstone of New York. These were first noticed at this place by Dr. Locke, m 1847." * " At this flill, Moording to Immemorial nBage among the voyagewrs in ascending the lake, the mangeurs d* lard, who make their first trip, re- ceive baptism ; which consists in giving them a severe ducking— a ceremony somewhat similar to that practised on green-horns when crossing tho line. 114 TRIP THROUGH THE LAKES. liftke Superior Reytoii. The following verses were written by J. G. Whittibr, on receiving an eaglets quiU, when on a visit to Lake Superior in 1846. THE SEER. I hear the far-off Toyager^s horn, I see the Tankee^s trail— His foot on every mountain pass, On eyery stream his saiL He's whistling round 8t Mary's Falls, Upon his loaded train ; He^s leaving on the Pictured Socks His fi:«sh tobacco stain. I see the mattock In the mine, The ase-Btruke in the dell, The clamor flrom the Indian lodge, The Jesuit^s chan^ bell I I see the swarthy trappers come From Missisttippi's Sprin^rs ; And war-chiefs with their printed brows, And crests of eagle wings. Behind the scared squaw's birch canoe. The steamer smokes and raves ; And city lots are staked for sole . -■ Above old Indian graves. By forest, lake and water-fiill, I see the peddler's show; The mighty mingling with the mean, The lofty with the low. 1 hear the tread of pioneers Of nations yet to oe ; The first low wash of waves where soon Shall roll a human sea. The rudiments of empire here Are plastic yet and w.ar jri : The chaos of a mighty world Is rounding into form 1 Each rude and jostling fragment soon Its fitting place shall find — The raw materials of a state. Its muscle and its mind I And, westering still, the star which leads The n^ world in its train, Has tipped with fire the icy spears Of many a mountain chain. Grand Island, 125 miles distant from the Saut, is about 10 miles long and 6 wide, Ijing dose in to the south shore. This is ft wild and romaxitio island ; tbe diflb of sandstone, irregular and broken into by the waves, form picturesque oav- ems, pillars, and arches of immense di- mensions. There are several romantic bays and inlets protected from storms, .which are frequent on this great lake, where the brook trout of a large size can be caught in quantities. The forests also afford a delightful retreat, while all nature seems hushed — save by the mouiing winds and billowy surges of the surround- ing waters. A few families reside dh the south shore, facing the mainland, where is a clearing of considerable extent The main-shore in full sight, and the Pictured Rocks, visible from its eastern shore, alto- gether add a charm to this truly Grand Island, unsurpassed by no other S|)ot in this interesting region. MuKisiNO, formerly called Grand Island City, lies on the south side of Grand Island Bay, here about 3 miles in width. Here is a steamboat wharf and hotel, together with a few dwellings, being, no doubt, destined to become a favorite place of resort, as from this place the Pictured Rocks can be easily reached by canoes or small boats during calm weather. Trout fishing is also good in Ann's River, which enters Grand Island Bay, and in Miner's River, near the Pictured Rocks. The bay or harbor is capadous, deep, and easy of access from the east or «rest, being 6 miles in length by from 2 to 4 in width, with a depth of water of 100 feet and upwards. It is perfectly land- locked by hills rising from 100 to 300 feet high, and capacious enough to contain the entire fleet of the lakes. It is proposed to construct a railroad from this harbor to the head of Big Bay de Noc, the most northern arm of Green Bay, only 40 miles distant. Miner's Point, a most remarkable head* land, lies 6 miles east of Munising, at the mouth of a small stream of the same name. ^>F^rVMw:.MM^>^ai^>t^^MtttAttilMW<>- RBifARKABLI PflBVOHfelTA. OH LAKB SOPBRIOR. 116 land; the ad broken aque oav* mense di- romantio n storms, reat lake, ;e size can >rests also all nature moaoing surrpund- the south here is i^ Dt The 3 Pictured hore, alto- Illy Grand ir spot in tnd Island md Island Here is )ther with i destined resort, as kscan be nail boats fishing is ih. enters 's River, lus, deep, or firest, 2 to 4 ir of 100 tly land- 300 feet ntain the railroad Big Bay )f Green >le head* 1^, at the lename. Th« aetioa of the waters .has here di»> Integrated portions of tlie sand-stone formation, forming romantic eayema and grottoes where the waters of the lake penetrate, making strange music ia the subterranean passages. MoHuimT Book, abamk one mile weit of Miner's Point, ia another straof^ flreak of nature, being an upright column stand- ing in fiiU view, near tiie water's edge, eLevated some 80 or 100 feet above uie lake. (^See Engraving.) AU these points can eaadj be reached from Muniaing bj * sail or row bosl, during calm weather. Remarkable PlieaemeBa oa lAfce 8E.#ei?ior* The sudden and singular changes of the weather on Lake Superior, in oenneotlon with its healthy influence, during the sum- mer and fall months, present one of the phenomena of nature whidi seems almost unaccountr.ole. The sun frequently rises dear and doudless, giving indications of continued sunshine, when suddenly the sky becomes overcast with white, fleecy clouds, scudding low and giring out a chilly atmosphere, not unft«quently ao> companied with rain, — ^the clouds as sud- denly disappear, and a pleasant afternoon uaually follows, with light winds. This influence, causing a fluctuation of several degrees of the thermometer, seems to have an injurious effect en most kinds of fruit and yegetables requiring a warm sun throughout the day in order to arrive at maturity; the country a few miles in- land, however, being less subject to these frequent changes. On the 6th of August, 1860, there oo* curred a remarkable phenomenon, as wit- nessed on Grand Island Bay, near the Pictured Rocks — ^Lake Superior being here about 170 miles wide. During the fore- nocn of a pleasant summer's day, the wa- ter was observed suddenly to fall some three or four feet perpendicularly on the south shore, then rise in about half an hour, as suddenly again to recede and rise several times; exposing the bed of the lake for accmsiderable distance where H 116 TRIP THROUGH TBI LAKB8. tii« water wm shallow, affording a fine op- portunitgr to cdleot pebbles of different hues, and predous stones. « t At noon the wind Mew moderatelj from the southward, while the thermometer rai^ped at about 74^Fahr. This appa- rently oalm and pleasant weather was ta- ken adyantage of by a party of pleasure to cross the bay in a sail-boat from Munising toOrand Ishuid, 3 mi|es distant, affording a deughtful excursion. On looking eastward •t about 4 o'dodc, p. m., a dense fog or low doud was seen rapidly to enter the east channel of the bay, from the north- ward, rolling on in mi^estic gn^deur, and presenting apparently the smoke caused by the discharge of a park of artillery, ob- scuring every oliject in the far distance, while the headlands within one or two miles were distinctly visible. As it ap- proached, the thermometer fell several degrees, and rain followed, attended with lightning and thunder. Soon, however, the wind lulled, or entirely ceased, while the rain poured down in torrents. The mist or fog seemed mostly to ascend as it passed over the high lands on the main land, and assumed the appearance 4>of douds, while portions remained, in low and wet localities, above the forest-trees, — ^presenting altogether a most magnifi- cent appearance. The rain-storm and doud effect, after continuing some two hours, as suddenly ceased, followed by a splendid rainbow, — ^being the harbinger of a pleasant evening and cahn weather for a time. Mackenzie, who wrote in 1789, relates a very similar phenomenon, which oc-, curred at Grand Portage, on Lake Supe- rior, and for which no obvious cause could be assigned. He says : " The water with- dsew, leaving the ground dry which had never before been visible, the fall being equal to four perpendicukur feet, and rush- ing back with great . velocity above the common mark. It continued thus rising Mid falling for several hours, gradually decreasing until it stopped at its usual height" To the mariner these sudden stoMus and fluctuations, accompanied by fog, are attended with much danger, more partic- ularly if near the land, when the sun and all objects in sight suddenly disappear as if in darkest night, the terrific noise of tiie waves and wind alone being heard. When followed by snow the danger is still more increased, firequently causing the most disastrous shipwredca. In this high latitude a perfect calm seldom contin- ues but for a short time ; the wind will oc- casionally lull, when fitfhl gusts disturb the waters, to be fdlowed by a breeze or storm from some quarter of the compasa. On examining the meteorological record kept at Fort Mackinac, about 100 miles distant in a southeast direction from Grand Island, it was found that the thermome- ter ranged at 78^ Fahrenheit at 2 p. x. on the above day; the windHbeing from the south. At 7 p. Ii. a heavy rain and thunder storm commenced, which lasted two hours, the same as on Lake Superior, terminating witli a gorgeous sunset vie^ exceeded only by the magnificent aurora, which frequently illuminates the nm all but northeast winds, when vessels are obliged to anchor in the bay for safety. The settlement of Mar- quette was commenced iu July, 1849, and hioorporaled as a yiDtge In Jane, IMl It now contains a court-house and Jafl; 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and I Roman Catholic church: 4 public-houseiL the Marquette Bouat and Ttemoni House oeing the most flrequented by strangers; 2printing-offlee8; 15 or 20 stores and storehouses;- besides a large number of machine-shops of diflbrent kinds. Popfdation in 1860, 1,665. This flourishing town is identified with the iron-ore beds in the vicinity, being some 12 or 18 miles distant, situated on an elevated ridge being known as the Iron Mountatifi. Here are now three ore- beds extensively and*Mprofitably workdd, b^ug owned by the Jackson Iron Com- pany, tiie Cleveland Iron Mining Compa- ny, and the Lake Superior Iron Company; each of the above companies have sepa- rate docks, firom which tiie ore is shipped to the Eastern marlcets. A railrMd ex tends fh>m Marquette to the Lake Supe- rior mine, 18 miles, affbrding ample means for the transportation of iron ore to the place of shipment. The Pioneer Iron Works, situated near the Jackson Iron Mountain, is a large blast furnace giving employment to about 150 workmen. At CoUinsville, 3 miles from Marquette, is also a blast furnace employing about 100 hands. At Forrestville, situated on Dead River, is another blast furnace. The Nortkem Iron Company, situated at Chooolat, 3 miles distant from Marquette, are new works of an extensive character, being largely engaged in the manufacture of pig-iron. In the village are two iron foundries fbr the manufacture of railroad car- wheels and other castings. The iron business now gives employ- ment to above 100 sail-vessols, besides several propellers. Steamers of a large class, during the season of navigation, which usually lasts six months, arrive and depart almost daily for Detroit, Cleveland, Miiwaukie, and Chicago, carrying fi^ight and passengers. Bzouanoit iMun lamm sdfbbiob. lit Cy^ aiiA Deid liTtrt both flow into Lake Superior neAr Marquette, on each aide of which there are rapids and fails of neat beauty, affording good water-power. Chocolate River also flows into the lake some two or three miles ealt of Mar- quette, but through a different geological formation. The small streams in tixe^rioinity abound in speckled trout, While the lake is at most seasons of fhe year aliye with white-flfdi, and the Mackinac trout of large dimen- sions, weighing from 6 to 60 lbs. The dimate of Marquette and itryicinitj is celebrated for its purity and healthy influ- ence, being the favorite resort of invalids and seekers of pleasure. NsQAumK is a new and thriving settle- ment, situated on the line of the railroad, 12 milea (Tpm Marquette, and in the im- mediate vicinity of the Iron Mountain. Here is $k population of about 1,000 souls, being mostly engaged in working at the inines. Trout Fitliliig, Extract from a MABQUsm Paper of July, 1862. "The chances for taking trout in our streams and lakes this season appear to be better than ever. Every day we see parties of our citizens or visitors starting out, armed and equipped with all the im- plements necessary and convenient for the sport, and returning with satisfied coun- tenances and &ie strings of * speckled trout.' "A considerable quantity have been ta- ken about the rocky points that extend into the bay and Is^e, while along the Oarp, Dead River and smaller streams, the sportsman meets with excellent suc- cess. " To those fond of taking long fishing excursions, and enjoying ttie luxury of 'camping out,' this country offers extra inducements. Various places, both above nd below iui, on tbiB lidtt ihorp, whidli are easily reached by sail-boat, are fre- quented bv lovers of sport, who alwaya return with a good supply of treat "Back in the country are the Esoona#bft River and Lake Miohigaumie, both of which are within a comfortable day's journey from the terminus of the rauroad. The scenery around this lake and along the river is delightfril, jprhich, with the abun- dance of fish to be taken there, well repay 4 the trouble of the excursion." Bay de IVoqnet and quette Railroad. niar^i This road was commenced in 1863, ai a private company, by the late Herman B. Ely and his associates, and chartered in 1866, under the title of the Iron Maun- tain Railroad; finished in 1867 to the Lake Superior Iron Mine, 17 miles distant from Murquette ; passing the Jackson Mvm^ 14 miles, and the Clevekmd Mine, 16 miles. In 1869 it was consolidated with the Bar de Noquet and Marquette Railroad, whUm will be extended to the head of Little Bay de Noquet, situated on the north end of Green Bay, a total distance>of 70 miles. When finished it will form a direct route, by means of railroad and steamers, to all the ports on Green Bay and Lake Michi- gan. This road has a land grant from government of six sections of timbered land for every mile constructed, amount- ing to 420 sections of 640 acres each, or 268,800 acres, valued at $672,000. This is a well-constructed road as tit as finisheci having an ascending grade for twelve miles, overcoming an elevation of 860 feet before reaching the Iron Mines, thus facilitating the transportation of iron ore to the port of shipment, where exten* sive piers are constructed for loading of vessels engaged in this growing and im- portant tn^e. The amount carried over the road in I860, averaged about 1,600 120 TUP TBROUOH TBI LAUS. toni daQj, during tht Maaon of nayigap tlon. It has at the prasead tima (1862) in use four flrst-daaa looomotivea and 360 freight-^8, with a oarryiug papaoity of 2,600 tons a day. On leaving Marquette the ooast tends north-westward, passing Frtaque Jek and other bold headlands, the ooast here pre- senting a rooky, iron-bound appearanoe for mai^ miles, wit#high hills in the distance, being eleyated from 800 to 1,000 feet above the waters of the lake. Gbanitb Island, 15 miles north of Marquette, is passed on the right, haying on one side two yertical walls of trap, 20 feet high and 12 apart, forming a secure boat harbor. On the mainland opposite is seen Qranite Poini^ rising from 120 to 130 feet. Due North froni tlie above island lies StationTa Rocky a most danger- ous projection discovered by Captain Stanard in 1836, while in the employ of the American Fur Gompany, sailing the Bohooner John Jacob Astor. The rock may be seen on the direct route of steam- ers ttom Marquette to Manitou Island or Copper Harbor. The Huron Isles, lying about 20 miles east of Portage Entry, numbering five or six rocky islands or islets, form a most picturesque group, covered in part with a stunted growth of trees. HuBON Bay and Point Abbeys are next passed, and the upward bound steam- er enters a large expanse of water called L'Anoe, or Keweenaw Bay, extending far inland. 'L'Anob is an exoellent harbor where is a small settlement, situated at the head of Keweenaw Bay. A short distance north are located a Roman Catholic and Metho- dist mission-house and church. The Cath- olic being on the west shore of the Bay, and the Methodist on the east, both are surrounded by Indian tribes and settle- ments. This locality, at no distant day, must become an important point, being Ikyonblj situated between the iran «nd mpper regions of lakt Superior. PoBTAOB Emtby, 70 miles above Mtr^ quette, is an important port of entry, here being the mouth of the outlet to Portage Lake, wh 8UP1M0S. ISl lying on a M^-hill rfariiig 800 or 400 tteit, ig identified with the copper mines in its immedU^ tioinity. There ue seyeral mines worked to a large extent, besides others of less note which will, no doubt, soon be rendered productive. The min- eral range of Keweenaw Point, some 4 to 6 miles in width, extends tlurough aU this section of countnr, being- as yet only partially explored. The Isle Royal, Hu- ron, and Portage, are the principal mines worked on the south, side of the lake. PoRTAOB Lake is an irregular body of water ahovA 20 miles in length, extend- ing nearly across Keweenaw Point to within 2 miles of Lake Superior. Steam- ers and sail-yessels drawing 12 feet can pass through Portage Entry, and navi- gate the lake with safety. This body of water was an old and favorite thorough- fare for the Indians, and the Jesuit Fa- thers who first discovered and explored this section of country. A canal of two miles in length would render this portage route navigable for steamers and ssol- vessels navigating Lake Superior, there- by reducing the distance over 100 miles. During the winter months the atmosphere is very dear and transparent in the vi- cinity of Houghton, and all through Ke- weenaw Point ; objects can be seen at a great distance of a dear day, while sounds are conveyed distinctly through the at- mospliere, presenting a phenomenon pe- culiar to all northern latitudes. This is tlie season of health and pleasure to the permanent residents. Hanoock, Houghton county, Michi- gan, is situated on the north side of Port- age Lake, opposite to the village of Hough- ton, with which it is connected by a steam ferry. The town was first laid out hi 1858, and now contains about 4,000 in- •habitants, including the mining popula- tion on ihe north side of the lake ; its sudden rise and prosperity bemg identi- fied with the rich deposit of native copper, in which this section of country abounds. The I. . of the Tillage ii on a aide-ldll rising from the Idee level to a height of about 500 feet, Wner^ the opening to the mines is situated. Here is 1 Congrega tional, 1 Methodist, and 1 Roman Oatholic diurch; 3 public-houses, the Maaon JbuH being a well-kept hotel; a number of stores and warehouses, 1 steam saw-mil], I barrel-factory, 1 foundry and machine- shop, and other manufacturing establish- ments; also, in the vicinity are 4 exten- sive steam stamping-mills worked by Uie different mining companies. The Portage Lak§ SmeUing Works is an incorporated company, turning out annudly a large amount of pure merchantable copper. The business of the company consists of fusing and converting the mineral into refin^ metal for manufacturing purposes. The Quincy, Hancock, Pewabic, • and Franklin mines are situated on the north side of the lake, on elevated ground, being now in active operation, giving employ- ment to about 1,800 operatives. The suc- cessful working of these mines by means of improved ms^chinery, in connection mth the smelting works, will, no doubt, give profitable employment to thousands of miners and laborers, thereby rendering this locality the great copper mart of this region, the pure metal being shipped to the Eastern market during the season of navigation. Kbwkenaw Point * is a large extent of land jutting out into Lake Superior, from 10 to 25 miles wide and about 60 miles in length. This section of country for upward of 100 miles, running from southwest to northeast, abounds in silver * ** On many maps spelled Kitwetwaitoona, and otherwise, rronounced by our Indians, * Ki-wi« wai-non-ing/ now written and pronounced as above ; meaning a portage, or place where a port- age is madfr— the whole distance of some eljrtity or ninety miles around the Point being saved bv entering Portage Lake and following up a Binall stream, leaving a portage of only about a half mile to Lake Superior on the other side."— Aw- ter and WhitMi^'t Report. 188 TilP TBmOUOH Ttm LAKM. iad e6Mr oni, fkMig teuMnM qnan- kities or th« tottsr ; uraqh of it Mng pure nsUve oopper, but. oflen in such liirM masses as to render it almost impossible to be separated for the purpose of trans- portation. Masses weighing flrom 1,000 to 5,000 pounds are often sent forward to the Eaatem markets. The geological formation is rery interesting, producing ■pecimens of jrare beauty and much Talue. MAMnou Island lies off Keweenaw Point, on which is a light-houSe to guide the mariner to and from Oopper Harbor. The island is about 7 miles in lengtl»and Ibur wide. OOPPKB Habbob, Mich., is situated near the ettreme end of Keweenaw Point, in N. lat. 470 80', W. long. 88« 00'; the har- bor, allj^ough somewhat diflBoult to enter, is one of the best on Lalcll Superior, being distant 260 miles from the Saut Ste. Marie. The settlement contains about 200 inhabi- tants, a churchf a hotel, nt country be- ing very appropriately named Houghton County in honor of his memory. On the north side of Keweenaw Point bold shores exttrud to near Ontonagon, with high landis m. the distance, ibndng the rich oopper range of this region. - Ontonaifoii, Ontonagon Co., Mich., 386 miles from the Saut Ste. Marie, is advan- tageously situated at the mouu of the river of the same name. The river is about 200 feet wide at its mouth, wifli a sufficient depth of water over the bur for large uteamers. Here is being erected an extensive pier and breakwater. The village contains an Episcopal, a Presby- terian, and a RMnan Oatholio church ; two good hotels, the JBigtlow House and John- eon House; two steam saw-mills, and ten or twelve stores and storehouses, and about 1,200 inhabitants. In this vicinity are located the Minne- sota, the National, . the Rockland, and several other very productive copper mines. The ore is found from twelve to fifteen miles from the landing, l)eing im- bedded in a range of high hills traversing Keweenaw Point from N. E. to S. W. for about 100 miles. Silver is here found in small quantities, beautifully intermixed with the copper ore, which abounds in great masses. A good plank road runs from Ontona-^ g^n to near the Adventure Mine, and other mines, some twelve- or fourteen miles distant, where commences the cop* per range of hills. A small steamer also izoumoir AWdvifh tiMM twrna/oiu IM runs on Oittonteon RiTer to netr the Minnesota a&d National Minea^ where ia • flouriahing lettlement inhtUted^bj minera. The Onkmoffon River is thus beantiftiUj detoribed by Bcnmt Alut, Baq., To UI0 0iit«iuiv«ii ftlver. Sweet rlTtr, ta| 660 184 944 National, 946 90 836 Nebra8ka» 34 U 66 Ontonagon, 660 498 1,148 Pewabio, 71 88 109 Rockland, 187 96 282 Rocldand Mine, 206 47 263 Roaendale, 844 261 696 Superior, 16 9 24 Webster, 261 79 840 Williamsburg, 68 80 98 Total, 4,488 The l*OBOUPnri Mountain, lying aome 15 or 20 mileg weat of Ontonaffon, is a bold headland thi^ can diatinotlj be aeen at a great diatance, rising somi 1,300 feet above the lake aoiiboe. liiike §iiperlor Copper Hiililng Companlei. ISTame. Advbnturb,* Albany ft B08T0N,f 'Amtodaloid,^ AZTKO,* bohbmian,* Caledonia,* CabpLakb,* GbntralJ; Clarke, "f Copper. Falls, I £aole> River,^ EVERORBBN BlUVF,* FuNT Stbbl Rivsb,* Franklin,! Garden GirT,§ Agent ThoB. W. Bazzo, A. B. Wood, A. 0. Davis, ThoB. W. Buzzo, Wm. E. Didcenson, Mr. Burgeaa, 0. B. Petrie, Wm. Kirby, John Uaen, E. a Roberts, E. G. Roberta, J. H. Foster, O. W. Gatiae^ President G. G. Hnsaey, Horatio Bigelow, George L. Oliver, G. G. Hussey, W. R. Griffith, T. F. Mason, Fayette Brown, J. L. Mott, Horatio Big^ow, A. W. Spenoer, F. E. Eldred, Charles £. Smith, Jerome Merritt, John M. Wilson, OfSee. Pittsburgh, Pa. Boston, Mass. Philadelphia. Pittsburgh, Pa. New York. New Yorlc. Cleveland, Ohio. New York. Paris, Franoe. Boston, Mass. Boston, Mass. New York. Bostra, Masa. Chicago, Hi 1S4 HiiroooXtf HlLVOV,* HUBON,f iBUi ROTAUff IXDUNA, Kkowlton,* Mavhattan, MANDAN,f MlSNABDif MlOHIQAN,^ lilKMBSOTA,* National,* Norwich,* OOIMA,* Pbtusbiok,^ PlNM8TLVANU4 PaWABIO,f PmsBCBaH k BoeroN TBIP TBmOUOH TBI LAKM. Jonatlun Ooz, 0. M. Sanderson, — — Oollom, 0. F. Ssohweiler, 0. M . Sandenon, J. F. BlAftdr, A. B. Wood, Jacob Houffhton, Jr., A. B. Wood, J. B. Townaend, Wm. Webb, E. 0. Roberts, Wm. W. Spalding, John Usen, aw. Hill, J. H. Foster, (CurfX§ PH(ENIX,§ PONTIA0,f POBTAOE,f QulNCYjf Rockland,* Stab,! South Sn»,f SUPSBIOB,* TmtMONT,* TOLTBL,* VlOTOBIA,* Jam^s Watson, 0. A. Farwell, Jacob Houghton, Jr., 0. 0. Donglass, S. S: Robinson, J. B. Townsend, L. W. Olarke, 0. F. Esohweiler, J. B. Townsend, HenrjBuzzo^ A.Sharflefl; T. F. Mason, Wm. Haywood, T. H. Perkins, Wm. Harris, W.J. OordoD, R.H. Riokard, George L. Oliver, Horatio Bigelow, T. F. Mason, Wm. Pearssll, A H. Center, Horatio Bigelow, Jos. G. Henszey, William Haywood, 0. G. Hussey, John Jackson, Horatio Bigelow, Thos. W. Lookwood, Thomas F. Mason, Samuel J; W. Barry, Thomas H. Perkins, WiUiam Hickok, Jerome Merritt, L. W. Olarke. Jerome Merritt, New York. New York. Boston, Mast. Boston, Mass. OlsTeland, Ohia New York. Philadolpbia> Boston, Masiw New York. New York. Pittsburgh, F%, New York. Boston, Mass. Philadelphia. Boston, Ml «• Pittsburffh, Pa. Boston, Mass. Boston, Mass. Detroit, Mich. New York. New York. ' ' Boston, Mass. Boston, Mass. New York. Boston, Mass. Boston, Mass. Boston, Mass. OUTPOBTS. The the I usua cratl W and *'Ontonagon» f Portage Lake. ( Eagle Harbor. § Eagle River. ^ (Topper Harbor. La Pointb, 11 miles west of Ontonagon, situated on the south end of Madeline Island, the largest of the Apostle Islands, is one of the oldest settlements on Lake Superior ; it was first peopled by the French Jesuits and traders in 1680, being 420 miles west of the Saut Ste. Marie, which was settled about the same time. The mainland and islands in this vicinity have been tot many ages the favorite abode of the American Indian, now lin- gering and fading away as the country is being opened and settled by the white race. The village now contains 300 inhabi- tants, most of whom are half-breeds and French. Here is an old Roman Gatholio church, and one Methodist church ; 2 ho- tels, 2 stores, and several coopering estab- lishments for the making of fish-barrels. IZOUmOV AROUMD LAKI lUPIBIOB. 195 per Harbor. Th* harbor and ataaniboat landing are > tected from winds blowing from every point of the compass. The shores of the islands and mainland are bold, whOe the harbor affiords good andiorage for the whole fleet of the lakes. rcT'u The Indian Agtnor M the Okippewn tribe of Indiana residing on the borders of Lake Superior, hnve their headquarters at Bayfield. The annual annuities are usually paid in August of eadi year, when large numbers flock to the Agency to ob- tain their pay in money, provisions, and clothing. AsHLAim, 12 miles south of La Pointe, at the head of Ohagwamegon Bay. is another new settlement no doubt destined to ris« to some importance, it having a very if ; dous and secure harbor. Maskbo RiviB„a oonsiderabV the outlet of several email V .. . Lake Superior about 16 n?iles etf^'f: land ; some 10 mUes farther easv ters MoimtiAL Rivbr, forming dary, in part, between the Stat., igan and Wisconsin. The TwBLvn Apobtlm* Iblm consist of the Madeline, 0«>, LUie, Sugar, Oak, Otter, I Bear, Rock, Oat, Ironwood, Outer, and Presque Isle, besides a few smaller islands, being grouped together a short distance off ue mainland, presenting du- ring the summer months a most piouresque* and lovely appearance. Here are to b9 seen day and sandstone cliffs-rising from 100 to 200 feet above the waters, while most of the islands are dothed with a ridi foliage of forest-treea. Midi- Thb Twelvx Apostlbs' Islahds. The following description of theoe ^x)- mantic islands is copied from Owen't Geth logical Survey of Wisconsin, &c. "When tiie waters of Lake Superior assumed their present level, these islands were doubtless a part of the promontory, which I have described as occupying the space between Ohagwamegon Bay and Brute River. They are composed of drift-hiUs and red cUiy, resting on sand- , stone which is occasionally visible. In the lapse of ages, the winds, waves, and car- 126 TRIP TBROUOH THB LAKB9. rents of the lakes cut away dhannels in the^e soft materials, and finally separated the lowest parts of the promontory into islands, and island-rocks, now twenty- three in number, which are true outliers of the drift and sandstone. " At a distance they appear like main- land, with deep bays and points, gradually becoming more elevated to the westward. *Ile au Chhie,^ or Oak Island, which is next the IXicur (or midnland), is a pile of detached drift, 260 or 300 feet high, and is the highest <^ the group. Made- IvM, ' Wau-ga-ba-me' Island, is the lar- gest (on which lies La Pointe), being 13 miles long, from northeast to southwest, and has an average of 3 miles in breadth. "Muk-quaw"or Bear Island, boO. "£sh- quagendeg" or (hUer hlands, are about equal in size, being six ia|les long and ^wo and a half wide. " They embrace in all, an area of about 400 square miles, of which one-lialf is water. The soil is in some places good, but the m%jor part would be difficult to dear and cultivate. The causes to which ■ I have referred, as giving rise to thickets of evergreens along the coast of the lake, operate here on all sides, and have covered ahnost the whole surface with cedar, birch, aspen, hemlock, and pine. There are, however, patches of sugar-tree land, and natural meadows. " The waters around the islands a£ford excellent white fish, trout, and siskowit, which do not appear to diminish after many years of extensive fishing for the lower lake markets. For trout and sis- .kowit, which are caught with a line nn deep water, the best ground of the neighborhood is off Bark Point or ' Point Ecorce' of the French. Speckled or brook trout are also taken in all the small streams. " That portion of the soil of the islands fit for cultivation, produces potatoes and all manner of garden vegetables and roots in great luxuriance. In the flat wet p^rtB, both the soil and dimate ara favsphere seem- ed to give me inmiediate relief, and in a short time it seemed aa if a heavy load EXCURSION ABOUND LANS BUPXRIOR. 187 is oortftin and r)ey do well rated. tortion of the oBtle Islanda ij present to ;he most cool . be imagined, such as are ', the uniform Superior pr(v uxd beneficial of I^iike i gi^en of the > Superior re- 'acts from leV individuals : 28th, 1860. ould be inter- 3W words, the late has pro* re I consulted Philadelphia, k^ennsylvania, and one in ;he opinion of ghtening her »n I would be [ledical advice laratus, drank at all without rough the ad- of savinfl^my ine 6th, lt^57, lions of cod- B of old rye >sphere seem- eli^, and in a a heavy lowi was removed firom my chest I used the cod>liver oil in feed for young chickens and greasing my boots, and gave the most of the whiskey away. I am now (three yuars after my arrival here) enjoy- ing excellent heUth. ' Respectfully youra, . "J.H.N." «< Bronchial, or Thboat Disiasb. Rev. W L resided in Malone, Franklin county. New York, during the year 1860, where he first was troubled by the bronchial disease^ which led to bleed- ing of the throat. From Malone he re- moved to Fairfield county, Connecticut, in 1852, near Long Island Sound, where the disease increased in yiruleuce,a8suming an alarming character. In 1856 he removed to Syracuse, New York, where he con- tracted a remittent fever, without being benefited -in regard to his throat disease. In 1858 he visited Europe for the benefit of his health, without his throat disease being benefited, although he improved in general health. In August, 1859, he removed to Eagle River, Michigan, situ- ated on the south shore of Lake Superior, where he gradually improved in health ; but on moving a few mileei in the interior, near one of the copper mines, his health rapidly improved, and a permanent cure was effiBcted, as he supposes, by pure and bracing air — ^for which this whole section of country is justly celebrated. Dated on board steamer NOBTH Stab, July, 1860. On proceeding from La Fointe tvest- ward, the steamer usually passes around Point de Tour, ten miles north, and enters Fond du Lao, a noble bay situated at the head of Lake Superior. It may be said to be 60 miles long and 20 mUea wide, aboimding in good fishmg-groonda. . Snnerlor, or Supibior iOrt, DoagUm county, Wisconsin, is most advantagedns- ly situated on a hay (^ Superior, at the west end of the lake, near the mouth of St. Louis River. Here are a church, two hotels, and ten or fifteen stores and store- houses, and about 1,000 inhabitants. A small river, called the Nemac^ rumi through Superior, and enters mto St. Louis Bay. Perhaps no place on Lake Superior has commercial advantages equal to this town ; its future is magnified al-; most beyond conception. The St Grom and Superior Railroad is proposed to ter- minate at this place, eztehdinjf south- ward to Hudson, on the St Crpiz River, about 140 miles. Another railroad is pro- posed to extend westward to the Sa k Rapids, on the Upper Mississippi, either from this place or Portland, Minn. DI8TAN0>B FSOM TOND DV LAO TO 91. PAVL, mHH. Fond dv Lao (St. Louis Biver) Miles. Pokageow. (Poriagt) 76 FaluSt.Cboix (Canoe) 40 US Marine Mills, (<8K«amdoa<) 19 184 8tlllw%ter. " It 146 St. Paul (.Sto^e). 1^ 168 Distance from Supbbiob C^ty to St. Cloud (Sauk RapidsX by proposed rail- road route, 120 miles. St. Cloud to St. Paul^ 76 miles. Total, 196 miles. mSTANOaS FBOMBVPBBIOB OITTTO PBMAlirA, lOini. SuPKBioB Milea. Cbow WiKO 80 Otter Tail Lalte 70 150 Rice River , 74 224 Sand Hills River... 70 294 Grand Furk (Bed Biver) ^0 884 Pbmbina BO 4l4 From St Paol to Pembina, «ia Crow Wing, 464 m. Fond du Lao, St. Louis county, Minn., is situated on St Louis River, 20 miles above its entrance into Lake Superior. Vessels of a large class ascend to this place, being within four miles of tlie St. Louis Falls, having a descent of about 60 feet, afibrd- ing an immense water-power. Here are sandstone and slate quanies, Ihnn which 128 TRIP THROUGH THE LAKES. Btone and date are quarried, and ezten- sively used for buildihg purposes. Iron and copper ore abound in the yicinity. These advantages bid fair to make this point a mart of commerce and manufac- ture. St. Lonib River, flowing into the S. W. end of Lake Superior, is a large and im- portant stream, and is navigable for steam- ers and lake craft for upward of 20 miles from its mouth. Above the falls (where the water has a descent of 60 feet^ pre- senting a beautiful appearance), the river is navigsible for canoes and small craft for about 80 miles farther. This river is the recipient of the waters of several small lakes lying almost due north of its outlet, its head waters flowing soi^th from near Bainy Lake. Portland, St. Louis county, Minn., ad- vantageously situated at tne extreme west end of Lake Superior, seven miles N. W. from Superior City, is a place of growing importance, where is a good steamboat landing, with bold shore.. This is the cap- ital of the county, and bids fair to be a successful competitor with Superior City for the carrying trade of the Great West and Pacific coast. Along the shore of the lake northward are to be seen bold sandy blufifs and highlands, supposed to be rich in mineral wealth. BBLLViLLfi, Minn., is a new settlement, situated on the lake shore, 4 or 5 miles north of Portland. Clifton, St. Louis Co., Minn., situated 11 miles N. E. of the head of Lake Superior, is a new settlement. In the vicinity are rich cqpper mines and good farming lands. Buchanan is another new settlement, situated northeast of Clifton, possessing similar advantages. Burlington is a new settlement, situ- ated near Agate Bay. Encampment is the name of a river, island, and village, where is a good har- bor, the mouth of the river being pro- tected by the island. On the river, near its entrance into the lake, «re follB aflbrd- ing fine water-power. Cliff's of green- stone are to be seen, rising from 200 to 300 feet above the water's edge, presenting a handsome appearance. To the north of Encumpment, fdong the lake shore, abound porphyry and greenstone. This locality is noted fbr a g^eat agitation of the mag- netic needle ; the depth of water in Uie vicinity is too great for vessels to anchor; the shores being remarkably bold, and in some places rising firom 800 to 1,000 feet above the water. Hiawatha is another new settlement^ situated on the west shore of Lake Su- ))erior, where are found copper ore and other valuable minerals, precious stones, etc. Beaver Bay, on the N. W. lake shore, at the mouth of Beaver River, affbrds a good harbor, where is a small settlement Grand Portage, Minn., advantageously situated on a secure bay, near the mouth of Pigeon River, is an old station of the American Fur Company. Here are a Ro* man Catholic Mission, a block-house, and some 12 or 16 dwellings. Mountains from 800 to 1,000 feet are here seen rising ab- ruptly from the water's edge, presenting a bold and sublime appearance. - PiGXON Bat and River fbrms the north- west boundary between the United States and Canada, or the Hudson Bay Compsr ny's territory. Pigeon River is but a second-class stream, and by its junction with Arrow River continues the boundary through Rainy Lake and River to the Lake of the Woods, where the 49th degree of north latitude is reached. The mouth of Pigeon River is about 48 degrees north latitude, and 89 degrees 30 minutes we;^ from &reenwich. Along the whole west shore of Lake Superior, frozu Si. Louis River to Pigeon River, are alteii.ations of metamorphosed schists and sandstone, with volcanic grits and other imbedded traps and porphyry, with elevations rising from 800 to 1,200 EXCURSION AROUND LAKE SUPERIOR. 129 I faDsaflbrd- 3 of green- from 200 to e, presenting he north of liore, abound ?hi8 locality of the mag- nrater in the is to anchor; bold, and in 1,000 feet settlement, >f LakeSu- )er ore and uous atones, . lake shore, er, affords a 1 settlement rantageously ir the mouth »tion of the re are a Ro* c-house, and untains from m rising ab- I, presenting e. IS the north- United States Bay GompAr er is but a its junction le boundary ' to the Lake h degree of le mouth of grees north inutes wes* ore of Lake jr to Pigeon amorphosed olcanic grits i porphyry, )00 to 1,200 feet above the lake, often presenting a grand appearance. ISLB Roy ALB, Houghton Co., Mich., be- ing about 45 miles in length from N. E. to S. W., and from 8 to 12 miles in width, is a rich and important island, abounding in copper ore and other minerals, and also precious stones. The principal har- bor and only settlement is on Siskowit Bay, being on the east shore of the island, about 50 miles distant from Eagle Harbor, on the main shore of Michig^. The other harbors, are— >Wa8hington Harbor on the southwest, Todd's Harbor on the west, and Rock Harbor and Chip- pewa Harbor on the northeast part of the island. In some places on the west are perptindicular cliffs of green-stone, very bold, rising from the water's edge, wliile on the eastern shore conglomerate rock or coarse sandstone abounds, with occasional stony beach. On this coast are many islets and rocks of sandstone, rendering navigation somewhat danger- ous. Gtood fishing-grounds abound all nround this island, which will, no doubt, before many years, become a favorite summer resort for the invalid and sports- man, as well as the scientific tourist Siskowit Lake is a considerable body of water lying near the centre of the island, which apparently has no outlet. Other small lakes and picturesque inlets and bays abound in tdl parts of the island. Hills, rising from 300 to 400 feet above the waters of the lake, exist in many localities throughout the island, whio is indented by bays and inlets. If orttaern Shore of I^ake Sn- perlor. EmtAOT from Report on the Geology of the Lake Superior Comiryy by Foster and Whitnbt: NoRTnERN Shore. — "Beginning at Pigeon Bay, the boundary between the 9 United States and the British Possessions (north latitude 48^), we find the eilstem portion of the peninsula abounds with bold rocky diffs, oonsisting of trap and red granite. "The Falls of Pigeon River, eighty or ninety feet in height, are occasioned by a trap dyke which cuts through a series of slate rocks highly indurated, and very similar in mineralogical characters to the old graywacke group. Trap dykes and interlaminated masses of traps were ob- served in the slate near the fidls. " The base of nearly all the ridges and cliffs between Pigeon River and Fort Wil- liam ^ituated at the mouth of Kammiste- quoi River, the western boundary of Up- per Canada) is made up of these slates, and the overlaying trap. Some of the low islands exhibit only the gray grits and slates. Welcome Islands, in Thunder Bay, displi^ no traps, although, in the distance, they resemble igneous products, the joints being more obvious than the planes of stratification, thus giving a rude semi- columnar aspect to t^e oMs. "At Prince's Bay, and also along the. chun of Islands which lines the coast, in- cluding Spu, Victoria^ and Pie islands, tiie slates with the crowning traps are admira* bly displayed. At the British and North American Company's works the slates are traversed by a heavy vein ci oalcHspar and amethystine quartz, jrielding gn,j sul- phuret and pyritous copper and galena. From the vein where it cuts the overlay- ing trap on the main shore, considerable silver has been extracted. "At Thunder Cape, the slates form one of the most picturesque headlands on the whole coast of liske Supeqpr. They are made up of variously colored beds, sud* as compose the upper group of Ur. Logan, and repose in a nearly horizontal position. These detrital rocks attain a thickness of nearly a thousand feet, and are crowned with a sheet of trappeam rocks three hun- dred feet in thiekncss. , 180 TRIP THaOUOH THB LAKES. "At L*Anse 4 Is BouteUle (opposite the Slate Islands, on the north shore of Lake Superior) the slates reappear, with fhe granite protruding through them, and occupy the ooPitt for fifteen miles: numer- ous dykes of greenstone, bearing east and west, are seen cutting the rocks vertically. The Slate Islands form a part of this group, and derive their name A*om their geologi- cal structure. "They are next seen, according to Mr. Lt^an, for about seven miles on each side of the Old Pick River. Near Otterhead a gueissoidal rock forms the coast, which presents a remarkably regular set of dtrata in which the constituents of sienite arc arranged in thin sheets and in a tiighly crystalline condition. From this point to the Michipiooten River the slates and granite occupy alternate reaches, along the coast, for the distance iof fifty miles. * With the exception of a few square miles of the upper trap of gargantua, these two rocks appear to hold the coast all the way to the vicinity of Pointe aux Mines, at the extremity of which they separate from the Bhote, maintaining a nearly straight south- easterly line across the BatchewanungBay, leaving the trap of Mamainse between them and the lake. Thence they reach the north- em part of Goulais Bay, and finally attain the p>romontory of Gros Cap, where they constitute a moderately bold range of hills, running eastwardly towud Lake Huron.' "* Ftsli«lii«« of l, burnt «t Clevelaad, February, 1862. The loss of life by the aoddents given above is, as near as can be ascertained, as follows : — Schocmer Merchant 18 Propeller Independe^ioe 3 Steamer B. K. CoUins 20 Steamer Superiw 64 Steamer Lady Elgin 360 Total. .445 There have been numerous losses of ^ freight by jettisons and otherwise, that are not induded in the taUe we have given, — and, what is rather singular, al- most the whole of the jettisons and lossei of hulls and cargoes have occurred while the vessels have been upward bound. Detroit AdverUseTk 182 TRIP TBBOUOH THB LAKES. The liakes— liand of the Free. OolambU^B shores are wild and wide, Columbians LakM are ffrand, And rudely planted side Djr sidei, Her forests meet the eye; But narrow must those shores be made, And low Columbia's hills, And low her ancient forests laid, EnJ^'esdom leaves her fields; For 'tis the land where, rude and wild, Bhe played her gambols when a child. And deep and wide her streams that flow Impetuous to the tide, And thick and green the laurels grow On every river side ; But should a trans- Atlantic host Pollute our waters fair, We'll meet them on the rocky coast, And gather laurels there ; For O, Columbia's sons are brave, And free as ocean's wildest wave. The gale that waves her mountain pine Is fragrant and serene. And never briehter sun did shine Than lights ner valleys gre pUced; Know ye the land, dcei The land where the Saxon, the OanL and the Celt, The first glow of patriot brotherhood felt, And forgetting old feuds in amity dwelt; i Know ye the land, dec The land unpollntedjby Despot or Slave, Where Justice is done on the Dastard and Knave, Where nonor is paid to the Wise and the Brave: Know ye the land, «ka The land where the Teaeher is honored and sought ; Where the Sohoola are all busy, the children all taught ; Where the TMnker, unfettered, can utter his thought; Know ye the land, AiO, The land where the Farmsr is Lord of the Boil, V Where the Toiler himself reaps the fruit of his toil, Where none hfts a TVtle his neighbor to spoil; Know ye the land, A>e. The land where the ChrMian can openly prav. As Scripture and Conscience may show him tAe way. Fearless of clerical tyrant or lay; Know ye the land, Ae. The land which, the older and stronger it grew, To Law and to Loyalty still kept more tme, Botii to FHne* and to PtopU according tibeir due; Know ye the land? 'TIS a glorious land! And the land is our own dear home I > wuto, gwd du- ilf nd tb« felt, relt; i (0. uid Knsre, iheBnTv: fcc >hored and childrenill m utter hit 1 of th« Boil, fruit of hit T to spoil; Aio. tpenlrprftT, low nim tao kger it grew, ^ore true, ^rding their It (dl lomel Trip along the North Shore of l4ike Snperlor^ Madb on Boabo TBI Canadian Stsambs Plouohbot, August, 1860. On leaving the mouth of the Ship Canaij above the Rapids at the Saut Ste. Marie, a beautiful stretch of the river is passed and Waiska Bay entered, which is a small expanse of water extending westward to Point IroqwiSf on the south shore, 15 miles distant. Immediately opposite rises Gbos Cap, on the Canada side, being about four miles asunder. This bold headland con* sists of hills of porphyry rising from 600 to 700 feet above the waters of the lake. " Gros Cap is a name given by the vaya- geurs to almost innumerable projecting headlands; but in this case appropriate- since it is the conspicuous feature at the entrance of the lake." North of Oros Gap lies GtoULAis Bat, and GouLAis Point, another bold high- land which is seen in the distance. Gm- laa River enters the bay, affbrding, in connection with the a4Jaoent waters, good fishing-gfrounds; the brook Qr speckled trout t^ing mostly taken in the river. Here is a large Indian settlement of the Chippewa tribe. The whole north shore, as seen from the deck of the steamer, pre- sents a bold and gprand appearance, while in the distance, westwwi, may be seen the broad waters of Lake Superior. Taquahbnon Bat is next entered, whidi is about 25 miles long and as many broad, terminating at Whitt-Fah Pointy 40 miles above Saut Ste. Marie. Pabisibn Island is passed 30 nules from the Saut, lying near the middle of the above bay, being attached to Canada. Sandt Islands, lying off BtOcheewauO' ung Bay, form, with others, a handsome group of islands, where are good fishing- grounds, being distant from the Saut Ste. Ifarie abcut 35 miles. Mamainsb Point {LiUU Sturgeon)^ op- posite White-Fish Point, is another bold headland, where is a fishing station and a few dwellings. The Montreal Company*! copper mine is located near this point, 46 mues north of the Saut, where is a small settlement of miners. Here is a-good har- bor, the land rising abruptly to the height of 300 feet, presenting a rugged appear- ance. Some 12 or 15 mUes north are lo- cated, on MiOA Bat, the Quebec Copper Mining Company's Works, at present almn- doned, owing to their being found unpro- ductive. StUl farther nortt^ skirting Lake Superior, is to be found a vast Mineral Re- giont as yet only partially explored. MoNTBEAL Island, and Rivbr, 20 miles north of Mamainse, afford good fishing- grounds. Here is a harbor exposed to the west winds from off the lake, which can safely be approached when the winds aro not boisterous. LizABD Island amd Leach Island, some 10 miles farther northward, are next pass- ed, lying contiguous to the mainland. Capb Gaboantua, 40 miles north of Msmainse, is a bold headland. On the south side is a harbor protected by a small island. From this cape to the island of Michipiooten the distance is about 30 miles. MiOHiPiooTBN Habbob, and Rivbb, 110 miles north of the Saut Ste. Marie, situated in N. lat. 47? 56', W. long. 85o 06', affords a safe anchorage, being surrounded by high hills. "BBTe is established a Roman Catholic mission, and an important Hud- son Bay Cotaipany's post, from whence diverges the river and portage route to James's Bay, some 350 miles distant . The shore of the Lake here tends westward toward Otter Head, about 50 miles distant, presenting a bold and rugged appearance. This post, no doubt, is destined to become a place of resort as weU as a commercial dep6t, firom whence is now distributed the merchandise belonging to the above gigan- tic company — Shaving exclusive sway over 134 TRIP THROnOB TBS LAKI8. ■n immenm region of ooimtrj, extending northward to the arotio regions, and west- ward to the Pacific Ocean. MioHiPiooTiN Island (the Island of Knoba or HilU), 65 miles from Mamainse Point in a direct oourse, running in a northwest direction, lies about 40 miles wefft '>f Miphipicoten Harbor. This island, 15 miles in length and 6 miles wide, maj be called the gem of Lake Superior, pre- senting a most beautiAil appearance as approached firom the southward, where a few picturesque islands may be seen near the entrance to a safe and commodious harbor, which can be entered during all winds. Nature seems to have adapted this island as a place of resort for the seekers of health and pleasure. Within the baj or harbor a beautiAil cluster of islands adorns its entrance, where may be found agates and other precious stones: while inland is a most charming body of water, surrounded by wooded hills rising from 300 to 500 feet above the waters of Lake Superior. The shores of the idand abound with greenstone and amygdaloid, while copper and silyer mines are raid to exist in the interior, of gpreat value, al- though, as yet, but partially explored. The fisheries here are also vi^uable, tiflbrd- ing profitable employment to the hardy Airman of this region. As yet, but one single shanty is erected on the shores of this romantic island, where, sooner or later, will flock the weaUthy and beautiM in search o( health and recreation, such as are afforded by pure air, boating, fish- ing, and hunting. The flish mostly taken in this part of the lake are white-fish, siskowit, Macki- nac trout, and speckled irout, the former being taken by g^-nets. On the mainland are found the carabou, a large specios of deer, befU's, foxes, otters, beavers, martins, rabbits, partridges, pig- eons, and other wild game. The barberry, red raspberry, and whortleberry are also found in different localities. Oarh^ou Iblahd, lying about 35 miles south of Michipicoten, near the middle of the lake, is a small body of land attached to Canada. It is usually passed in sight when the ateamers are on their route to Fort William. Oma Bat, 26 miles north of Michipi- coten, is a beautiAiI and secure body of water, being protected by an island at its entrance. Here is a tvild and rugged seo- tion of country, abounding in game of tlM fur-bearing species. Other bays and islands are found alonff the north shore beyond Otter Head, toward Pic River and Island, and said to be of great beauty, the whole coast being bold and rugged as seen from the water. At the mouth of the Pic is situated a Hudson Bay Company's Post. Slati Islands are a duster of great interest, where is to be found a large and secure harbor, lying north of the principal island of the group. To the north, on the mainland, are numerous bays and in- lets affording safe harbor. As yet, the wild savage of the north alone inhabits tbissection of Canada West, whichnodoubt is rich in minerals of different kinds. The Hudson Bay Company's vessels now af- ford the only means of visiting this inter- es^g region, which can alone be brought into notice and settled by the discovery of copper or silver mines of value sufficient to induce oapitalists to organize Mining Com- panies. Goppm Bboion of Lakb North Shori. Superior— €f Oi See WhUney'ii MetaUic WeaUh United States, Phila., 1854. The North Shore of Lake Superior ia supposed to be very rich in mineral pro- ductions, although as yet but partially explored. The "Montreal Mhiing Com- pany" have a mine which is now being VOBTH tHOMB OF LAKl SITPBRIOS. 185 worked to % limited extent tX IfAmainse Point, affovding tf^y sulphuret of oopper of a ricli quality, f lie " Quebec and Like Superior Mining Aseociation" oouimenced operation in 1846 at Mica Bay, a few miles nortli of Mamainae, on a vein said to be rich in gray sulpliuret of oopper. An adit waa driven 200 feet, three ahalts Bunk, and the 10>fathonir level oommen- ced. After apending $30^000 it was dis- covered that the mines were unproduc- tive, and the works wec« abandoned. A number of localities were explored, and worked to some extent on Mkihipico- ten Island and on the mainland to the northward, but they are now nearly all abandoned. A surveying party, however, are now (1860) engaged in exploring tbe north shore of hake Superior, under the authority of the I^vindal Parliament, in order to be able to report in regard to the mineral reg^n. The northwest borders of the lake, and in particular the lalandof St Ignaoe, Black Bay, Thunder G^pe, Pie Island, and the vicinity of Prince's Bay are supposed to be rich in both copper and silver. Splen- did cryst^izations of amethystine quartz and ^alc spar have been obtained on Spar IsUnd, near Prince's Bay, and at other localities. FoBT WiLUAM, an important Hwlson Bay Company's Post, is advantageously situated at the mou<^ of the Kaministi- quia Biver, in north latitude 48 degrees 23 minutes, west longitude 80 degrees 27 minutes. Here is a convenient wharf and safe harbor, the bar off the mouth of the river affording 7 or 8 feet of water, which can easily be increased by dredg- ing. The Oompany's buildings consist of a spacious dwelling-house, a store, and 3 storehouses, besides some 10 or 12 houses for the accommodation of the attadUa and servants in the employ of the above gigantic company. The land is cleared for a considerable distance on bott sides of the river, presenting a thrifty and fer* tile appearance. Wheat, rye, oats, bar- ley, potatoes, and most kinds of vegeta- bles are here raised in abundance ; also^ grass and clover of di&rent kinds. The early frosts are the Peat hindrance to this whole section of country, which ia rich in minerals, timber, fUrs, and fish: altogether producing a great source of weakn to the above company. Pine, spruce, hemlock, cypress, and balsam trees are oommon, also white birch, sugar- maple, elm, and ash, together with some haidy fruit-bearing trees and shrubs. The Boman Catholic Jfiwum, situated 2 mUes above the company's post, on the opposite side of the river, is an interest- ing locality. Here is a Roman Oatholio church and some 50 or 60 houses, being mostly inhabited by half-breeds and oiv^ lized Indians, numbering about 300 souls. The good influence of tiie Roman Gathdie priests, along the shores of Lake Superior are generally admitted' by all unprejildioed visitors — the poor and often degraded In- dian being instnicted in agric^ture and industrial pursuits, tending to elevate the human species in every dime. M^Kay^s Mountain, lying 3 miles west of Fort William, near the Roman Oatholio Mission, presents an abrupt and grand appearaiice Arom the water, being devated 1,000 feet. Far inland are seen other high ranges of hills and mountains, pre- sentmg fdtogether, in connection with the iduxds, a most interesting and sul^me view. Kamdiistiquia, or "Oah-mahncUekwai- ahk" River, signifying in the Ohippewa language the, ^*ptaee where there are numy cwrents,** empties ite waters into Thun- der Bay. This beautiful stream aflforda navigation for about 12 miles, when rap- ids are encountered by the ascending voy- ageur. Sthing with drapery of foam the gloomy pines, that hang about the clefts and fissures of the rocks. The falls and the whde surround- ing scenery, for sublimity, wildnesa, and novel grandeur, exceeds any thing, of the kind I ever saw." — Rev. J. Ryeraon^o Tour, The danger of navigating these moun- tain streams, in a birdi canoe, is greater than many would expect who had never witnessed the force of Uie current some- times encountered. Mr. Ryerson remarks: " During the day we passed a large num- ber of strong and some dangerous rapids. Several times the canoe, in spite of the most strenuous exertions of the men, was driven back, such was the violence of the currents. On one occasion such was the force of the stream, that though four strong men were holding the rope, it was verench- ed out of their nands in an instant, and we w jre hurled down the ra]Hds with violent speed. At the mercy of tlra foaming waves and irresistible torrent, until fortu- nately in safety we reached an eddy be- bw." (Set Engraving,) Doo iiAK> is an expansion of the river, distant by its wining course, 76 miles firom its mouth. Other lakes and expan- sions of streams are pissed on the route westward. "The SAVAir, or PBAnm Pobiaov^ 120 nulet fiKHn Fort WiUifun, by portage route, fm the dividing ridge separa- ting the waters flowing Into Lake Supe- rior. Rinrr Ladb Rim, the oatbk of the lake of the same name, is a magnificent stream of water; it haa a rapid current and averages about a quarter of a mile in width ; its banks are covered with the richest foliage of everj hue ; the trees in the vicinity are large and varied, oonsistioff of ash, cedar, poplar, oak, birch, and red and white pines; also an abundance of flowers of gaudy and variegated ccriors. The climate is slso very fine, with a rich soil, and well calculated to sustain a dense population as any part of Canada. The Laki or thb Woods, or Lae Du Bois, 68 miles in length, and from flfteoa to twenty-five miles wide, la a splendid sheet of water, dotted all over with hun* dreds of beautiful Islands, many of which are covered with a heavy and luxuriant foliage. Warm and fVequent showers oo> cur here in May and June bringing forth vegetation at a rapid rate, although situated on the 49th degree of north latitude, from whence extends westward to the Padflo i^lTLLUrO A CaMOK VP thb BABIDt. LAKB BtFKRIOR TO LAXB WXNNIPEO. I80( Ooein, tlM boundAiy line between the United States and Canada. "There is nothing, I thinlc, better cal- culated to awalcen the more solemn feelings of our nature, tlian these noble lalces stud- ded with ' innumerable islets, suddenly bursting on the traveller's view as he emer- ges flrom the sombre forest rivers c^ the American wilderness. The clear, unruffled water, stretching out on the horizon; here intersecting the heavj and luxuriant foli- age of an hundred woodj isles, or reflect- ing the wood-clad mountiUns on its margin, dothed in all the variegated hues of au- tumn ; and there glittering with dazzling brilliancy in the bright rays of the even- ing sun, or rippling among Uie reeds and rushes of some shallow bay, where hundreds of wild fowl chatter as they feed with varied cry, rendering more ap- parent, rather than disturbing the sdemn stillness of the scene: all tend to raise the soul from nature up to nature's Gtod, and remind one of the beautifUl passagpe of Scripture, ' Lord, how marvellous are thy works, in wisdom hast thou okade them all; the earth is (bll of thy ridies.' " The WiMWiPSO RiviB, the outlet of the Lake of the Woods, is a rajud stream, of large size, falling into Winnipeg Lake, 3 miles below Ibrt Alexander, one of the Hudson 6^ Company's Posts. A g^eat number of Indians resort to the Fort every year, besides a number of families who are residents iu the vicinity, here being one of their favorite haunts. Rev. Mr. Ryerson remarks: — "The scenery fbr many miles around is strik- ingly beautiful. The climate for Hud- son's Bay Territory is here remarkably fine and salubrious, the land "amazingly rich and productive. The water in Lakes Lac La Pluie. Lac Du Bois, Winnipeg, Ac, is not deep, and because of their wide sur- face and great shaUowness, during the summer season, they become exceedingly warm ; this has a wonderful eflfect on tiie temperature of the atmosphere in the ad- jacent neighborhoods, and no doubt makes the great difference in the dimate (or at least is one of the principal causes of itX in tliese parts, to the dimate and vegetable prodiKStions in the nei|^hborhood of Lake Superior, near Fort William. They grow spring wheat here to perfection, and vege- tation is rapid, luxuriant, and comes to maturity before firosts occur.'* The whole region of oountir surround- ing Lake Winnipeg, the Red River coun- try, as well as the Assiniboiue and Sas- katchewan country, are all sooner or later destined to sustain a vigorous and dense population. LAKE WnrHIPEO, " Situated between 50* and 66° north latitude, is about 300 miles long, and in several parts more than 60 miles broad ; having an estimated area of 8,600 square miles.* Lake Winnipeg receives the wa«> ters of numerous rivers, which, in the aggregate, drain an area of about 400,000 square miles. The SoBkakkeuKut {the riv- er that runs fisst) is its most important tributary. The Assiniboine, the Red Ri% er of the North, and Winnipeg River are its other lif^gest tributaries^ anogether dis- charging an immense amount of water into this great inland lake. It is elevated about 700 feet above Hudson Bay, and discharges its surplus waters through yelson River, tk large and magnificent stream, whiflh like the St. Lawrence is filled witil islands and numerous raj^ds, • Lakb BaikaIi the most eztenalve ho^ of ftreah water on the Eastern Continent, aitiiat**d in Southern Siberia, between lat 51'* and 50" north, Is about 870 milet in leneth, 45 oiilea aTerage width, and about 900 milea in cireuit: being somewhat hu^er than Lake Winnipec in area. Its depth in some places la verr great being in part surrounded by high mountains. The Yeni' 90ty iU outlet, flows north into the Aretio Ooean. 140 TRIP THBOVOB THB LAKB8. peTOBtliig navtgatkm entirely betow Orosf Lake. <• Lakes Manikinxh and Winnipeg(hai8j uni- ted, are nearly of the same lengUi as Win- nipeg, lying 40 or 60 miles westward. Neariy tlie whole country between Lake Winnipeg and its western rivals is occu- pied by smaller lakes, so that between the vidley of the Assiniboine and the eastern shore of Winnipeg fUUy one-third is under water. These li^es, both large and small, are shallow, and in*the same water area show much uniformity in depth and coast line. immediate effect on the temperature d«- ring the Spring months. On tl^^i othe> hand, the Ft ill is generally open, with mild, dry, and pleasant weather." l4dKe8 in the Talley of the Saikatclie'iiraii. Lensth Breadth Elevatloa Area lamilea in miles, in feet in m^s. Winnipeg, 280 57 628 8,600 Manitobt^ 122 24 670 2,000 Whinipego-sis,. . 120 27 692 2,000 St Martin, 30 16 665 350 Oedar, 30 25 688 960 Dauphin, 21 12 700 200 All the smaller lakes lie west of Lake Winnipeg, which receives their surplus voters; the wlude volume, with the large slreains, flowing into Ndson River, dis- dharges into Hudson Bay, near-York Fac- tory, in 67^ north latitude. The naviga- tion of the latter stream is interrupted by flitUs and rapids, i having a descent of 628 feet in its course of about 350 miles. " Thedhnate in the region of the above lakes and the Red Blver Sittlement will compare not unfavorably with that of Eongston and Toronto^ Canada West The Spring generally opens somewhat earlier, but owing to the proximity of Lake Winnipeg which is late of breaking up, the weather is always variable until the middle oi May. The slightest breeze from the north or northwest, blowing over the firasen surfiEMse of that inland sea, has an Red River of the North. • This interesting section of oounti^ be- ingclosely connected with the Upper Lakea, and attracting much attention at tiie pres- ent time, we subjoin the following extract from "Minnesota and Dacota," by d G< Andrews: "It is common to say ihat settlements have not been extended beyond Crow Wing, Minnesota. This is only techni- cally true. A few facts in regard to the people who live four or five hundred miles to me north will best illustrate the nature of the climate imd its adaptedness to agri- culture. "There is a settiement at PemiMno, near the 49th parallel of latitude, where the di- viding lino between British America and the United States crosses the Bed Biver ci the North. Pembina is said to have about 600 inhabitant!. lu is situated on tiie Pembina Eiver. It is an Indian-French word meaning * Onmberry.^ Men live tiiere who were bom therO; and it is in fact an old settiement. It was founded by Brit* ish subjects, who thought tiiey haa loca* ted on British soiL The greater part of its inhabitants are hal^-breeds, who earn a oon^fortable livelihood in Air-hunting and farming. It is 460 miles northwest of St. Paul, and 330 miles diufcant from Grow Wing. Notwithstanding the distance, there is considerable communication be- tween the two places. West of Pembina, about thirty mUes, is a settlement called St. Joseph, situated near a large mytho- logical body of water called Miniwakin, or Devil's Lake. "Now let me say something about this Bed Biybs of the North, for it is begin- LAKE SUPBBIOR TO LAXB WIUmPBO. Ul ning to be ft great feature in this upper country. It runs north and empties into Lake Winnipeg, which connects with Hud- son Bay by l^elson River. It is a muddy and sluggish streanif navigable to the mouth of die Sioux Wood River for vessels of three feet draught for four months in the year, so that tiie extent of its navigation within Mliinesota alone (between Pem- bina and the mouth of Sioux Wood River) is 400 miles. BufiGfaoes still feed on its western banks. Its tributaries are nu- merous Mid copious, abounding with the choicest kind of game, and started with a yarioos and beautiful foli^e. It cannot be many years before this magnificent yalley (together with the Saskatchewan) shall pour its products into our markets, and be the theatre of a busy and genial life. "iSed River SetUeTneni is seventy miles north of Pembina^ and lies on both sides of tiie river. Its population is estimated at 10,000 souls. It owes its origin and growth to the enterprise and success of the Hudson Bay Company. Many of the settlers came from Scotland, but tne most were from Canada. They speak English and Canadian French. The English style of society is well kept up, whether we re- gard the Church with its bishop^ the tra- der with his wine-cellar, the schdar with his library, the officer with his sinecure^ or their paper currency. The g^at Imsiness of the settlement, of course, is the fiir traffic. "Ai immense amount of Buffalo skins IB taken in summer and autumn, while in the wmter smaller but m^re* viluaUo Bdra are procured. The Indians also enlist in the hunts ; and it is estimated that upward of $200,000 worth of tan are fumui^yi|i taken from our territoiy and sold to the Hudson Bay Company. It is high IhM- indeed that a military post should be es- tablished somewhere on Red Rivw by our government "The Hudson Bay Company is now a powerful monopoly. Not so magnificent and potent as the East India Company, it is BtUl a powerful combination, showoring opulence on its members, and reflecting a peculiar feature in the strength and gran- deur of the British empire--a powpr which, to iise the eloquent language of Daniel Webster, 'has dotted over the whole 8ur> face of the globe with her possessions and military posts, whose moniing drum-beat following the sun, and keeping company with tihe hours, drdes the earth daily with one continuous and unbroken strain of martial music' The company SB^mW" ing richer every year, and its jurisdiction and its lands mSL soon find an availabUity never dreamed of by its founders, on less, as may possibly happen, popukw wcttr' eigniy steps in to grasp ihefiruUs of its long apprenticeship." The Charter of the Hudson Bay Compftp ny expired, by its own limitation, in 1860, and the question of annexing this vast dot main to Canada, or forming a separate province, is now deeply agitating tiie Brit- ish public, both hi Canada and hi the mothw country. 148 TUF THBOVOB THB ' TAIU OF BISTAVCSfl^ V F«ri 'WllliftM, wnuAHMD at thb Mouth or thi Kamibvaqiiouk Bnm, to Fort Alexander^ at xa hbad or Laxb Wamna, FonWiLUAx PtaspUue Portage «.* •. Ji:. S6 (8 Portages) Dog Portage 61 t6 (6 Portages) 8ftv»& or Swvmp Portage* , 64 130 Thousand Istanas Lake 67 187 (2 Portages) Sturgeon Lake 71 268 ^4 Portages) LacLaCroix. 26 283 (6 Portages) Itainy Lake 46 Z2i Bainy Lake River ^l 38 361 Lake of the Woods 83 444 Bat Portage 68 612 VOKt Albxasdib 126 837 From Fort Alexander to For t Garry oB Bb) BmB SmLnuNT, bt Watib. lOlMk ToPointede Grand llaraia 24 " Red River Beaoon 26 46 ••Lower Port 23 72 ** FOBT Gabrt 24 96 From PoBT Albxamdib to Nobwat Housb, passing through Lake Winn^, dOOmilet. From Nobwat Houbb to Yobk FAOiOBT,t)aBBiBg tfaronc^ OifordlVtke and fla^ River, 400 miles. * Bominlt, elevated 810 fl»«t abort Like Bnperior. BVAQUOUH M ^1 16 64 130 67 187 71 268 26 283 40 32^ 38 36i 83 444 68 612 126 637 lOlM. 24 .. 26 4» .. 23 72 ..24 96 » Wioniptg; EittJtOAB ^B STXAUaAT EOim» BVmb Miyikfrlo to BItafani WmlU^ To'/ontOy «««» gOTarmnent h»fe reoentlj ereoled tat scendii^ the riyer. It is a lai|^ and yt^ uable toact of good land, abou»ling witb white oak <^ a superior quality. Navt Inland, belonging to the British, is next passed, lying within gun-shot of the mainland. This island olHuined great notoriety in the fall and winter of 1837-% when it was occupied by the " Fatriota,** as they were styled, during the trouUes in Canada. The Steamer CaroUne was destroyed on the nig^t of December 29tiiy 1837, while l^g at Sohloeser's Landing, on the Amenoan shore, having been en* gaged in transporting pers(»s to and from ^e idand, which was soon after evacuated. Opposite Navylj^md, en the Canada side, near Chippewa battle-ground, is the house in whidi Captain Usher residecL when murdered in 1838. It is sumposed he fell by the hands of some of the de- luded pa^ots, )iaving been shot by »=••» cani Uk, while in his own houae. CfeDPPiWA, 20 mdes below Buffldo, aaod two miles abore the lUis, is^mthe wttft siAe of ISiagam Biiteiri at ILs sohtlKtf i^ TBI most usual mode of conveyance from BuflUo to the Falls of .Niagara, and thence to Lak^Ontario, or intoCuiada, is by thf Bt^gHah, Nidgara Falls and Lewigton Railrfjod, 28 miles in length. It runs through Tonawanda, 11 miles; Niagara FsUs, 22 miles: Suspenmon Bridge, 24 mile^ connecting with tko Great Western Railway of Canada, and terminates at Lewiston, the head of navigation on Ni- agara River, 28 miles. American and Conadiui steamers of a Isi^ dass leave Lewiston several times daUy, for different ports on Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River. There is also another very desirable node of conveyance, by Steamboat, de- Boending the Niagara River, firom Buffalo to Chippewa, C. W., thence by the Erie and Ontario Railroad, 17 miles in lengfth;^ passing in futt view of the Falls, to the Clifton House, three mOes below Chippe- wa; Suspension Bridge, five miles; Queen- ston, eleven miles, terminating at Niag- Sfa, C. W., thiHy-flve miles fromBuflhlo. As the steamboat leaves Buffak^ session of the battle-ground contested un- til near midnight, when 1,700 men being either killed or wounded, the conflicting armies, amounting altogether to about 6,000 strong, ceased the deadly conflict, and for a time the bloody field was left un- occupied, except by the dead and wounded. When the British discovered that the Americans hcU encamped the Ameri> ii from Fcni oendinjg the rear-guard, ii#or Gen. aaced guard tn. Riall, the 1 after their t of the same leral conflict \j chi^ter. »tt advanced I about 3,000 I the heights nay, where^ eces of can- B o'dock in nforoements ime genen^ ith alternate army evin- very and re- e respective Major Gen. omoiid, each ft well-disoi- .erioan) OoL e and seize , which he jTonet in the liall, of the Old the pes* )ntested un* men being » conflicting r to about dly conflict, was left un- id wounded, ed that the 3f two miles f ' !iip- tion of route to Detroit, Ac, see page 60. QuBBNaTOir, situated seven miles below the Falls, and about the same dlstiuice above the entrance of Niagara River mto Lake Ontario, lies directly opposite the village of Lewiston, with which it is con- nected by a Suspension Bridge 850 feet in length. It contains about 600 inhabitants, 60 dwelling-houses, one Episcopal, one Scotch Presbyterian, and one Baptist church, four taverns, four stores, and three warehouses. This place is also celebrated as being the sceno of a deadly strife between the America'i and British forces, October 13, 1812. The American troops actually engaged in the fight were commanded by ^ x Sololnon Tan Rens- selaer, and both roops and their com- mander greatly c .w»ui^uished then> selves for their bravery, although ultimately over- powered by superior numbers. In attempt- ing to regain their own side of the ilver many of the Americans perished; i'he whole loss n. killed, wounded, and prison- ers amounting to at least 1,000 men. Major-Ghneral BbOok, the British com- mander, was killed in the middle of the fight, while leading on his men. A now monument stands on the heights, near where he fell, erected to his memory. The first monument was nearly destroyed by gunpowder, Aprill7, 1840; an infamous act, said to have been perpetrated by a person concerned in tiie insurrection of I837-'38. Brock's raw Mokumbnt was com- menced hi 1853, and finished m 1856; 10 being 186 feet Ugh, tioimded on fh» in- side by a spiral stairoase of 236 ston^ steps. The base is 40 feet square and 3S feet in height, surmounted by a tablet 86 feet high, with historical derioes on^e four sides. The main shaft, about ^INl feet, is fluted and surmounted by a Oorin- thian oamtal, on which isjplaoed a colossal flgure of Mi^or-Qeneral Brook, 18 feet &i ( height Tma beautifbl structure cost £10,000 sterling, being entirely con- structed of a cream-colored stone quar> ried in the vicinity. A massive Atone wall, 80 feet square, adorned with mili- tary figures and trophies at the comers^ 27 feet in height, surrounds the monu- ment, leavmg ^ace for a grass-plot and walk on the inside of the enclosure. The following is the inscription: Upper Canada Has dedicated this Monument to the memory of the late llaJor-Oeneral Sir Isaac Bbook, K. B. Provisional Lleat-OoTemor and Commandsr of the Forces in this Province, Whose remains are deposited in the vaalt beneath. Opposing the invading enemv He fell in action, near the Heignta, on the 18th October, 1818, In the 48d year of his age, Bevered and lamented by the people -whom he governed, and deplored oy the Sovereign to whose service His life had been devoted. The last words of Migor-General Brook» when he fell mortally wounded by a mus- ket-shot through t^e left breast, were, " Never mind, my boys, the death of one man — ^I have not long to live." Thus departed one of the many noble spirits that were sacrificed on this frontier during the war of 1812. The village of Niaoaba is advantage- ously situated on the Canada side, at the entrance of the river into Lake Ontario, dire-jtly opposite Fwt Niagara^ on the Atnte loan side. It contains about 3,000 inhabitants, a court-house and jail; one Lipiscopal, one Presbyterian, one Metho- 10 nUP TBBOUOB TBI LAVXS, diit^ md on« Boman CtethoUo Ohurdh: 6 lUDtels aad tarerns; and 30 stores of dif- forent kinds; also^ «n extensivo looomo- tiy« and car flMstory. This is the most noted place in Canada West for building ■t0||lboats and other craft navisating Lake Ontario. Here is a doekyara with % suurine railway and foundry attached, oa|>able of making machinery of the lar* gest description, and giying employment to a great number of men. It is owned by tlie "Niaoara Dock Gompany." Steamers leaye daily for Toronto, eta Fort Giobob, situated a short distance south or up-stream firom the mouth of ilie river, is now in nilns. TUswiilha of a severe contest in laiS, in wl^di the Americans were victorious. A link tori has been erected on the nobt of land at the mouth of the river, directly opposite old fbri Jitagara on the American side. The new f»rtiflcation is called fbrt Mamof The whole frontier on the Oanada iida^ from Fort George to Fort |!rie, opposite BufGilo, was oocu]rfed by the Amprieaa army in 1814, when occurred a succession of battles of tiie ouMt determined and l^- Uant character. HUOABA UYXBt KTB BAPtDSf'^FALLS, ISLANDS, AVD BOMANTIO SOKKni; ** M^Jaitic Atream t what river rivals thee, Thou child of many lakes, and sire of mie — Lakes that claim Kindred with the aU-droUng sea- Large at thy birth as when thy raee is ran ! Agiunst what great obstmotions has thoa won Thine august way— -the rock •formed mountain- plain Has opened at thy bidding, and the steep Bars not thy passage, for the ledge in vain Stretches across the channel— thou dost leap Sublimely down the height, and urge again Thy rock-embattled course on to the distant main." This most remarkable and romantic stream, the outlet of Lake Erie, through which flows all the accumulated waters of the Upper Lakes of North America^ very appropriately forms the boundary between two great countries, the Britidfi province of Upper Oanada on the one side, and the State of New York, the '* Empire State" of the Uuion, on the opposite side. In its whole course, its peculiar character *■ is quite in keeping with the stupendous Gataract from whidi its principal interest ifiw derived. The amount of water passing through this channel is immense ; from % compu- tation which has been inade at the out> let of Lake Erie, the quantity thus dis^ charged is about twenty millions qH cubic feet, or upwards of 600,000 tons per minute, all of which great volume of water, 20 miles below, plunges over the Falls of Niagara. The Niagara River commences at Bird Island, nearly opposite the mouth of Buf' falo harbor, and passes by the site of old Fort Erie and Waterloo on the Canada side. At the later place a steam ferry- boat plies across the river to Black Bock, now fprming a part of the dty of Buffalo. It is here proposed to construct a railroad bridge across the stream, about 1,800 feet in width. Squaw Island and Stbawbibbt Island are both small islands lying on the Amer- ican side of the streiun, near the head of Grand Island. The river is here used in part for the Erie Canal, a pier extending from Squaw Island to Bird Island, forming; a large basin called Black Book Harbor. Gband Island^ attached to Brie Co., BOUn VBOM VUWWA10~KQ VUAASA FALL!, BTO. U9 IWWflMMtM , in wl^ the I. A siWfort ^t of land at feotly oppoiito ImeriopA aid*, ledibrl ifMM. lA vMia4^ aidak lirie, oppotita tha AiD^noan ed a auooaaaion mined and bril- fWm a oomim- ide at the oat* entity thuB die* uUiona <^ cubic },000 tons per 'eat volume of ingea over the mencea at Bird mouth of Buf- the aite of old on the Canada a ateam ferry* to Blaclc Bock, city of Buffalo, truct a railroad tbout 1,800 feet fV^BVBitY Island g on the Amer* Bar the head of is here used in pier extending Lshmd, forming; Book Harbor. to Brie Co., N. T., ia a large and importaol body of land, about ten n^ilea long firon north to south, and aaven milaa wide. Thia island ia partly dearad and ouUivatad, while the larger portion ia oorered with a large growth of oaka and other ftireat trees. The ship or ateamboat ohannel maa along the bank of Orand laland to neariy opposite Qhippewa» where the who)a stream unites before plui^nng pvar the Falla of Niagara^ being kgsSn separated at the head of GK>at Island. From thia point the awe-atruok travelleiK' oan soan the quiet waters abave, a&d the raging rapids below, preparing to plunge over the Cataract Catuqa Inland and BuoKHOBir Isiulnd are email booUea of land belonging to the United States, situated immediirtely be- low Grand lalandL Navy iBiiAiiD, lying oppoaite the vil- lage of Chippewa, 18 milea below the h^ of the river, is a celebnUed island belonging to the Oanadiana, having been taken possession of by the sympathising patriots in 1837, when a partial rebellion occurred in Upper and Lower Canada^ ToNA WANDA, 11 miles below Bu£Bado, ia situated at the mouth criT Tonawanda Greek, opposite Grand Island. The JBrie OancU here enters the creek, which it fol- lows for several miles on its course to- ward Lockport A railroad also runs to Lockport, connectmg with the New York CeiUrcU Baihroad^ extending to Albany. A ship canai ia proposecl to be construct- ed firom Tonawanda to some eligible point on Lake Ontario, thua forming a rival to the Welland Canal of Canada. Sohlossbr's Landino, two miles above Niagara Falls villa^ is a noted steam- boat landing, opposite Chippewa, from whence the steamer Caroline was cut adrift by the British and destrojipd, by being precipitated over the Falls during the Canadian rebellion, Seoember 29th, 1837. Thb Rapids.— Below Navy Idand, be- tween Ohippapr* and fMOoaeer, tha river is nearly three miles in width, but soon narrowB to one mile, whan tb» Bapida commence, and continue for about one mile before raaohing the edge of tha pveci- pioe at the Hcvse-Shoe FaU. At the commencement of the Bapida, "the bed of the river deoU n ee, the ohan- nel oontraots, numeroua large rooks heave up the ToUiiog aurgea, and diaputa the passage of the now raging and foaming flooda. The mighty torrent leaping down aucoessive ledgea, dashing over exposing elevations, hurled bac!*: by ridgea, and repelled from shores and islands— pluur- ing, boiling, roaring — seems a mad wu- demeaa of watera atriving againat Ita (phJ better £»te, and hurried on to deatruofeiom by ita own blind and reokleaa impetuoal- ty. Were there no oataraot, theae Bapida would yet make Nii^^ara the wonder of the world." iBia, or GK)AT Island, oommeaeea near the head of the Bapida, and extends to the prectpioe, of whioh it forms a parl^ separating the American Fall firomthe Cimadian or Horse-Shoe Fall It ia about half a mile in length, eighty roda wida^ I and contains oversixty acres of arable land, being for the most part covered with a helivy growth of forest trees of a variety of speoies, and native plants and flowers. A portion of the island, however, has been cleared off, and a garden enclosed, in which are some excellent fruit-trees, and a variety of native and foreign planta and flowers, and a fish-pond. . The island ia romarkaUy cool, shady, and ple asant^ and ia an object of unceasing admirati 6' from Washbgton, is 2^ miles north from the efflux of the rirer at Lake Brie, and 14 miles south of ita outlet into Lalce Ontario. The whole length of the river is therefore 36 miles, its general course is a few points to the west of north. Though commonly called a rirer, this portion of the St. Lawrence is, more properly speakins, a g^ait, connecting, as above mentioned, the Lakes Erie and Ontario, and conduct- lag the superfluous waters of the gpreat seas and streams above, through a broad and divided, and afterward compressed, deviotis, and irregular channel to the lat- ter lake, into which it empties — ^the point of union being about 40 miles. from the western extremity of Lake Ontario. " The dimeite of the Niagara is in the highest d^gpree healtliful and invigorating. The atmosphere, constantly acted upon by the rushing water, the noise, and the epray, is kept pure, refreshing, and salu- tary. There are no stagnant pools or marshes near to send abroad their fetid exhalations and noxious miasmas, poisoU'^ ing the air and producing disease. " Sweet-breathing herbs and lieautiful wild flowers spring up spontaneously even on the sides, and in the crevices of the gtantrookg; tad liurariaBt dnitefi of Art and other stately forest trees oover tiie ialaadi, orown the oliflk and overhang the baaki of Niagara. Here are no moe- quitoei to annoy, no reptUei to alarm, and no wild animala to Intimidate, yet there it lifo and Tivaoity. The many-hued but- terfly lipt ambroila from the freah opened h nerar be 10 see Mod [KMflibflity a wonder- lOtion oaa il be aome »f it; but muatre- bow grand, irti [floods, by doads BMbkse, abyss wbenee as- BCts of in- oint View tn the ojH poaita aida is » fbiij h —a aad landing, where oarriagea arc iMimfly la ba foand to oonvey paaaengers co the Caiiton Houaa, Table RoolCj and oUiar plaaaa of great intereat • About 80 roda below the Farry Staira ia the apot whara tha heraait Abbot waa drowned. Half^ n mile balow tha latter jxrint la Oatlin'a OaTa, formarij nuioh fre- quented. The daspivnov Budoi, tha graaiaat artifldal curioaity in America, ia utoatad two milaa and a half below the :^alla, where haa reoentlj aprung into eziatence Niagara C%, or better Icnown aa tha Sft»pemion Bridge^ on tha American p^de, and OUflon on the Oanadian aide of liia river, here beinff about 800 feat in width, wiUi parpendioular banka of 325 fbet. The whArlpodl and lU^pids^ one mile below the Bridge^ are terrific aighta of great interest, and well worthy n viait The DeviPe Bok^ one mile farther down, is also a point dT great attraction, together with the Bloody Run, a small stream where a detachment of English aoldiera were precipitated in their flight from an attack by Indiana during; the old French war in 1769 An amphitheatre oi high ground spreuda around and perfectly encloses the ▼alley of the Devil's Hole, with the ex- ception of a narrow ravine formed by Bloody Run — from which, agaiL. t •> large force, there ia no escape, excep" '\ or the precipice. The /ce Cave is another object of interest connected with the Devil's Hole. The Bapids below tbi Wl^rlpool are the next object of attraction ; then Queens- ton Heights and Brock's Monument on the Oanadian side, and J|m Suspension Bridge at Lenijiston; altc^kher forming objects <^ interest sufficient to fill a well- sized volume. The Nil^gara River ia navigable from Lewiston to ita mouth at Fort Niagara, a farther distance of aeven miles, or four- teen below the Falls of Niagara. The village of Niagaba ^alls, KltfarA Co., N. T., IB aituated on the feust aide of Niagara River, in the immediate vidnitr of the grand Oataraot 22 milea tnm Buf- fUo and 808 milaa from Albany by rail- road routa. No placa in tha Union azcaada thia favored apot aa a flMhionabla plaoe of raaort during the anmmar and fall monthi, when bundrada of viiitora mtj be aeen ovary di^ flookinf to. Goat laland. or pointa contiguous tMM Rapida and Fallsi The village oontaini aeveral large hotela for the accommodation of vikitora, the moat noted of which are the Cataract HouM and the International Hotel; the Monteagle Hotel aituated two milea be- low the Ffl Li, neat; the Suspension Bridge^ and the ( .. ion Honaa, on the Canada aide, an k1 alike popular and well-kept 1: '*«la : there are ive ohurdiaa of different (ifjuiiainationa; lo atores, in many m the Ouiadian and the American sides, and abounas with a great variety of fish of an dxcellettt flavor. The base and sal- mon, in particular, have a high reputation, and are taken in large quantities. The principal Bays are Burlington, Ironde- quoit, Qreat and Little Sodus, Mexic<^ I Black River, Chaumont, and the pictu- resque waters of the Bay of Quinte. The passage across Lake Ontario in calm weather is most agreeable. At times both shores are hidden from view, when nothing can be seen from the deck of the vessel but an abyss of waters. The re- fractions which sometimes take plaoe in summer, are exceedingly beautiful Islands and trees appear turned upside down ; and the white surf of the beach, translated aloft, seems like the smoke of artillery blazing away firom a foit.* * BBAVTrubMnAOi.— That (^rand phenomenon ooQMloD^Uy witnessed on the Lake'^-'minige — -^tik aeen from the steamer Bay State, on a recent trip from Niagara to Oenesee River (Augast, 1856), ■with more than ordinary splendor. The Lock- port Jowmal sayh it oocnrred Just as the sun WM Betting, at which time some twelve vessels were seen reflected on the horizon, In an Inverted position, with a distinctness and vividness truly sorphsing. The atmosphere was overcast with a thick haze snch as precedes a storm, and of a color ftvorable to represent apon the darkened background, vividly, the Aill outlines of the rig- ging, sails, etc., as perfect as if the ships them- selves were actually transformed to the aerial canvas. The unusual phenomenon lasted until darkness put an end to the scene. I 1 i 8TKAMB0AT ROUTES. 159 American Steamboat Route from liowiiton to INiwef 09 ILlncston, and Ogdensburgh. Porta, eUi. Miles. Lkwisto't .''...■ YoungsUnon 6 Niagara^ Can 1-7 Charlotte, or Port Oenesee 80<-87 PulPneyville 20-lor Sodus Point lO-'llT Oswego r 30-147 Stony Point and Island 33-rl80 Sackefs Harbor 12-192 Grand, or Wolfe Island 28-220 EiKOSTON, Can 10-230 Thousand Islands Clayton, or F\rench Creek 24r-254 Alexandria Bay 12-266 BrockviUe, Ca|i 22-288 Morristoum .... 1-280 Ogdensbuboh 11-300 Porta, eto. • Milea. OODKKSBUBOH. ..'. MorriaUnon '11 Broekv%Ut,Qsa 1-12 Thousand Islands. Alexandria Bay 32-34 Clayton, or fk-eneh Creek 12-46 Grand, or Wolfe Idand KiNOSTON, Ciua 24-70 Socket's Harbor 38-108 Stoney P(Hnt and JsUuid 12-120 Oswsoo 33-163 Sodus Point 30-183 Pultneyville 10-193 Charlotte, or Port Cfenesee. 2(K-213 Niagara, Can 80-293 ToungstowH 1-294 Lbwiston 6-300 Usual Time from Lewiston to Ogdensburgh, via Oswego and Kingston, 28 hoars. Usual Time, via Toronto and Cape Vincent, 22 hours. Cabin Fare, $5.50 (indudin]^ ZMals). Deok Fare, $2.50. Steamboat Ronte from I^ewiston to Toronto and Ogdent- burffb, via Express lilne* Pation^ regarding Freight and Passage, address WILLIAMS & CO., Agents Northern Light. ^ S. P. BRADT & CO., Agents City of Cleveland. ROBERT HANNA & CO., Agents, Cleveland, Ohio. )3. STEAMBOAT BOUTBB. CITY OF the dayi LAND, muidar. ..July 10 «. 22 . . Aug. 4 .. "17 «i 28 l.Sept. 9 .. ♦♦ 22 . . Oct. 5 .0 A.U. uake m^, carry good he comfort be visited, ittlthy, and Cleveland, ght. leveland. d, Ohio. 165 1863. ^n r* /*.• _" FOR IftiE SUFEftteft The New and Splendid, Low Pressure, Side^wheel Passenger Steamboat F. 8. lOLIJSt, Commander, THll leave Cleveland and Detroit for (^tonagon, touching at Sault Ste. Marie. Marquette, Portage Lake, Hancock, Houghton, Copper Harlwr, Eagle Harbor, vai Eagle Biver, on tbe days named below : Leaves Cleyeland at 8 P. M. Monday July 18 Friday July 24 Wednesday. . ^ Aug. 5 Tuesday Aug. 18 Monday Aug. 81 Friday Sept. 11 Wednesday Sept 28 Tuesday ...Oct. 6 Leaves Betroit at 10 A. M. Wednesday July 1 Tuesday July 14 Saturday July 26 Thursday Aug. 6 Wednesday .Aug. 19 Tuesday Sept. 1 Saturday Sept. 12 Thursday Sept. 24 Wednesday Oct. 7 PLEASURE EXCURSIONS. During the months of July and August, this boat will make Four Grand Pleasure Ezcurslona, leaving Cleveland at 8 o'clock in the evenings of July 13th and 24th, and August 5th and 18th, and will leave Detroit on the mornings fol- lowing her departure from Cleveland. To the tourist seeking health, pleasure, or valuable information, Lake Superior offers greater attractions than any other por> tion of the United States. The route embraces a thousand miles of diveridhed river and lake navigation, along the borders of whidb lies the most varied and grand scenery in the world, and no one can form any idea of the immentie mineral re- sources of the country without a personal inspection of the vast iron and copper mines of this region. The distance up and back is about 2,000 miles, and occupies from nine to ten days. The boat 8tops long enough at each place to give passen- gers ample time to see all points of interest. Tlie price of Cabin Passage, including m'i 188a LAKE SUPERIOR LINE. The S|A04dld FImI-cUmb Simmet IBON CITY wiU Iw^ve Cleveland in4 DeMi for Lake Superior, regu^Iy, on days named below : J. B. TUBNER, Commander, Lea¥6t CLEVSLAHD, i^t 8 P. M., Wednesday Sept. 2 Tuesday Sept. U Monday jSept. ^ Friday Oct. 9 Friday July 8 Wednesday : July 15 Tuesday July 28 Monday Aug. 10 Friday Aug. 21 This Steamer will leave Detroit on the days following those named above, at 10 o'docK A. M. During the summer months of July and August, the above Steamer will make Five Orand Pleasure Bzcursioiis, Visiting the different points of interest on Lake Superior, including the Pictured Bocks, and the various Copper and Iron Mines on its shores. For further informa" tiou, and all particulars regarding Freight and Passage, address S. P. BRADY & CO., Agents, Detroit, Mich, HUSSEY & MoBBIDE, Agents, Cleveland, Ohio. Detroit and Cleveland LIITE OF STEAMBOATS. The Side-wheel Steamers, MOBNIITQ STAB, J ,200 Tons, Capt. E. R. VIGER, ^ MAY QUEEH^ 700 Tons, Capt. WM. M'KAT Leaving Cleveland and Detroit at Eight o'clock F. M Form a DA.ILY EVENING LINE between Detroit and Cleveland, connecting with all early Morning Trains running East and West. Through lUckets for sale on board to all principal cities. KEITH & CARTER, Agents, Detroit, Mich. L. A. PIERCE^ General Agent, Cleveland, Ohio. 4DeMt .Sept. 2 .Sept. U .jSept. ^ ,,.0ot. ^ id above, Umake ) Pictured r inform9'' ch. d, Ohio. nd ATS. STEAMBOAT B0UTE8. 167 M ting with ich. , Ohio. Friday, October 9, for Superior City. Tkunday, Octol)eT 22, for OaU>na|On. Monday, NoYember 2, for Siiperior City. Wednwday, Nov. 16, for Ontonagon. FdR LME SiiFEflfilli The Splendid, First-CIasR Passenger Steamboat PLANST, Captain L. CHAioiBLnr, will run during the season of 1863, leaving Chicago at 7 o'clock in the Evening, fox Ontonagon, Superior City, and all Intermediate Poiis, on the foUowiug days : Thursday, July 16, for Superior City. Monday, September 28, for Ontonagon. MoAdfty,"' July 27, * *« ^IdBd^^, August 11, for Ontonagon. Saturday, August 27, for Superior City. Friday, September 4, for Ontonagon. ' Tuesday, ^pt. 16, for Superior City. Her Dock is on River Street, first above Bu^h Street Bridge. For Freight or Passage, apply on board, or to A. E. GOODRICH. 6 and 8 River Street. ■ . I',- . St0ainl)oat« on Lake MicliigaiL A First-Class Boat will le«t.ve Goodrich's Dock, first above Bush Street Bridge, lEyerf ]|K|oriidnf (Suudayt exeeptcgl), * At 9 o'clock, for ' * PORT WASHIiraTON. 3HEBOTGAN, MANITOWOC, 4!fl» TWO »ITER§, Extending their trips to Kewaunee and Wolf Biver every Friday. During the^sesr son •£ navigation^ Passengers and Freight carried cheaper thau by any other line. Batcts of Fare for Fanengeii. First GiMt. g^ 8«eondClMi. Chicago to Kenosha r. ..fl'60 ~. .' •0^60mi- Chicago to Racine , 1 26 75 Chicago to Milwaukee 160 100 Chicago to Port Washington 200 150 Chicago to Sheboygan 3 00 . . : 2 50 Chidijfo to Maiiitowoc and Two Bivers 8 50 8 OQ ChKJigto to Grand Haven. 8 00 .......... 2 40 |^° Pasiiengers wi^l please purchase their tickets on board the boats. Firat Claai includes Meals and Berths. For Freight or Passage, ftpply on board, or to A. f . QQOiPBlCH, 6 and 8 Biver Street, Chxoaqo. 168 8TIAMBOAT8 AND Bicn.BOADB. THE irOETHEBK THAFSPOBTATION GO. OF OHIO Is prepared to Transport Property between Boston, all Points in New England, New York, and the West, With Promptness, Care, and Dispatch. Thii well-known Idne of Fifteen First-Claat Screw Steameni Comects at Ogdensburgh with the Railroad for BOSTON and all Points in NEW ENGLAND; At Cape Vincent with the Railroads Iretween Cape Vincent and New York ; ^ And at Oswego with a Itflne of Thirty Flrst-Class €aual Boats betiveen Osurego, Troy, Albany, and If ei¥ York, Form a Daily Une from BOSTON, NBW YORK, OGDENSBURGH, CaPB. VINCENT, AND OSWEGO TO CLEFELAND, TOLEDO, AND DETROIT, And a Tri-veekly Line to CHICAGO, lIlIiWAlJKES, &c IMTBUMtJ^lATWl PIMtTS. J. ICyerS) d Astor House New York. Geo. A. Eddy Ogdensburgh John H. Crawford Oswego Walker ft Hayes Toledo O.J.Hale MUwaakee. AGENTS. John Hocking, 7 State Street. .Boston A. F. Smith Cape Vincent. Pelton & Breed Cleveland. E.R. Mathews. i>«t'oi^ N.J. Howe Chicago. ; ,.:nr: -I/,;;.:. \, STBAHBOATB AND BAILBOADS. 169 ork, n liND; iwego, iO TO .BoBton Vincent. Ileveland. .Detroit, .Chicago. GO. I errand Trunk Line of ITew Steamertk B F. WADE, Otpt. GOLDSMITH. ANTELOPE, Capt BXJTLIN. KOHTeOMEKT, OapL GILLIES. WATEB WITCH, O^ptBTDXB. The only reliable line of Steamers firom Chicfl^ for Canada and the Eastern States having regular days and hours of sailing Tri-Wei;kly between CmCACOt nttWAUKE6t AtltO $ABmA> One of the above Steamers will leave the Dock, foot of South La Salle Street, Chicago, every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday Evening, At 7 o'clock ; and Milwaukee on Wednesday, Friday, and Sunday Mornings, At 7 o'clock, for SABNIA, Landing; at points on the West shore of Lake Michigan and Mackinac, connecting at Samia with the GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY, For Buffalo, Toronto, Oswego, Kingnton, Prescott, Ottaiira City, IQoutreal, Quebec, Portland, And Eastern States. At Ogdensburgh with Northern New York and Vermont Cen- tral Railways, for St. Albtms, Burlington, Montpelier, Concord, Lowell, Nashua, and all points in the New Erigland States, forming a Fast Freight Line to all the above-named points. ©f^lLV ©Kin iri^AlRllSIMlOlPDKAllKFflTra Rates of Lisurance Lower than via any other route. Through Bills of Lading given to Liverpool, via Grand Trunk Railway and Montreal Ocean Steamships. C. J. BRIDGES, Managingl)irector G. T. B., Montreal, C. E. M. PENNINGTON, Freight Manager, " " '* WILLIAM GRAHAM, Agent G. T. R., Portland. GEORGE PHIPPEN, Agent G. T. R., No. 6 Devonshire Street, Boston. S. T WEBSTER, Western Gen. Agent G. T. R., 56 Dearborn Street, Chicago, HI. A. T. SPENCER, Agent Grand Trunk line Steamers, foot of South La Salle Street, Chicago, 111. H. COUBTENAY, Agent, Warehouse and Docks foot of Main Street, Milwaukee, Wis. "M 170 BilLBOAPB AHB STKAH^OAT?. >i\ m^^m & im^ mm BnffJi-lp a»4 Petsroit l^irect, VIA •and Trunk and Great Western Railways, •JPWdl) SOTMSS TOMHS BMttiY- Leave Erie Street Depot, Buffalo, Ccnnecting at PARIS with Great Western Railway Trains, and at STRAT- FORD with Gran^ Tront Railway Trains for X>etiroit a.iid all !Poiii.tis Wc^st. AT &ODERICH. ON LAKE IIURON, jConnection in also made with a regular Line of FOB Chicago, Milwaukee, Saginaw, AND OTHER LAKE PORTS. Tlnie Shprter and Fare Uic §anie a§ by other Itontes. A. FELL, Trafaic Superintendent, / R. 9. CARTER, General Manager. Buffalo. N. T r;GAi|^0AT Bouna. 1863. PLEASUBE %n TRAVEL. g^iaiEgs Sism Lake Ontimo fi^d Biver St l^awrence. between N^kg^fira F^lls, I^wiiton, Toronto, 0^cL4)iubiir|ph, ^iu|»'i Polut, Montreal, (bebec, and Biver Saipienay. For Lake Chauiplaiii, Lake George, Saratoga Springiy Troy, All|a|»y« ^PW ¥«rll^» WWI^ mi<|«i»t^^in% Portland, and Boston. The ONTABIO STEAMBOAT CO. will, during the season of Pleasiire Travel, oomn^e^cing on ^he 22d of June, rim their large an4 conunodious Lake Steamers, BAY STATE, ONTAKIO, CATARACT, I3apt. MOBLST. Cspt l^TBS. Oapt. UBPTAIU). An4 thp i|pleiwU4 ]ilUver Steamers, |p:0||T]iLEAL, ALEXANDRA, Oapt DE WITT. Capt J. N. B00KU8. Forming a Daily Line through Lake Ontario and Biver St. Lawrence. IVATb] D01¥irWAR]>. LSATV] UPWARD. MONTBEAL, d»U7, T 00 A.M. O'iDENSBUBGH, daily (Sundays ex- cepted) 1 00 P.lf. FBEdCOTT,daUy(8unda7i0XMpt'd)l 10 ** ^ IC0BBI8T0WN, dally, •* ♦^ « 00 " •i' BROCKVILLE, daily, " «* 8 16 " Toochlnfl; mt AUxandxf «9a]r 4t ChKytmn* KINOSTON, daily (Sunda. ezsept'd) 10 00 P.IL 8AOKET8, daily, ♦' " 1 OOA-IL OSWEGO, daily, ♦* ** 80 " CHARLOTTE, daily, •• •* COO P.M. Arriving at TOBONTO afc 5 00 A.|i. This Line ofgteameni is replete with all the comfortfl required by Travelers, and combinoi the elegancH of a First-claefs Hotel with the rapidity of Railroad conveyance. They Hre comtniina- ed antJ officered by men of experience, while the route offers to the BualQeM man and lleasure- seekt-r a'trudions nff'-rded by no other iibe, pa<«8ing the far-famed THOUSAlfD I3LAND3 BT DAYLIGHT, at a time the most favorable for the d^randeur of the Scenery and the oomfoit of tlM ~ ' Tliwaiiglt llcketa by this Line can be purchased at al points on the lAoa, TORONTO. 4aily (Sundays excepted) 80 A.M. LEWISTOSf, daily, •^ * 10 80 « NIAGARA, daily, " « 10 SO " CHARLOITE, daily," " 6 00 P.M. OSWEGO, dally, •♦ " 11 00 •* For SACKEV'S HARBOR, Thursdays and Sat urdays, arriving next njioraing vt 2 00 A M. KINGSTON, daily (Monday exoept'd)4 45 P.M. Toucbliig at Clayton, Alexandria Bay, and BrockirMle. A rriving at OGDENSBURGH at 10 00 A.M. And at MONTREAL same eveii'g, at 00 P.M. Passengers or on board the Steamers. H. N. THJIQOP, General Manager, Oswegc, S. Y. SAMUEL FAEWELL, President. Utica, N. Y. fl ■""'■ ^\ 1T9 8TBAUB0AT BOUTB8. Canadian I^^and Steam Navigation COMPANY. 3Et.oyail JMCail n?l&roii8fli Xjine, )Por Darlingl6ii» Port Hope» Cobonrg* Kingston, BroclL- TiUOy Pretcotty Ogdonsbnrgli, and Montirealy WITHOUT TRANSHIPMENT. On and aftor MOHDAT, the 4«h of Kay, One of ihe Steamers of the above Magnifioent Line will leave the Custom House Wharf, foot of Yocge Street, Dally (Sundays excepted), at % P. HE., For the above PoBTB. Also, !FOK HAMILTON every Morning, at 8 o'clock {Tuesdays excepted). For Tiickets and further information, apply at the Company's Offices, Front Street, acyoining the American Hotel, or the comer of York and Front Streets. N. MILLOT, Agent. ToBOMio, May 14, 1868. if or Fensaukse, Ooonto, Peiktig o, Marinette, and 8tar§reon Bay. The Steamer ^^^st Qneen City, Captain J A. MONBOE, Will run until farther notice between Qreen Bay and the above-named Ports, leav- ing Greea Bay on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday Mornings, at 7^ o'clock, and Marinette Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday Mornings, at 6 o'clock. WHl run into Stu&gkon Bat on her down trip every Friday. JOHN B. JACOBS. For Freight or Passage, apply on board, or to STBQVO ft DAYf Agents, Green Bay. Qkvn B^t, Maiiii 31, 1863. KAILR0AD8 JJTD STBiJCBOATS. 173 Between the EAST and WEST, is now by the DETROIT AND MILWAUKEE B.B. Two EXPBESS TBAIN8 leave Detroit Dafly with Paasengen for PONTIAC. HOLLY, FENTONViLLC, FLINT, SlfilHAW, 0VO880. 8T. J0HII8, limillB, GRAND RAPIDS, PORT HURON, MUSKEGON, Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul, St. Anthony, And all Points on the Mississippi Riyer. FIRST-CLASS, BELIABLB STEftHSIHFS, Built expressly for this Line, ply on the Lakes to and from each Train. Close connection made at Detroit with the Great Western and Grand Trunk Railways of Canada, For Bnflalo, Bocheiter, Iboston, New York, Philadelphia, Toronto, MiBnt- real, Quebec, and with Cleveland and Ltdce Superior Idne of Steamen. FOR EMIGRANTS, THIS LINE OFFERS CHEAP AND COMFORTABLE TRANSIT. gif" For particulars, see Company's Time Table, to be had at any of the Stations •n application. The Telegpraph ILine is now open for Public Business. Paroda and Llf^t Faokagea forwarded by all Passenger Trains at-rciT moi>- ERATK SATIS. W. K. KUIB, General Superintendeiit. / D. & M. B. B. Omoi, Dkboit, 1868. M ^ lAXE^iibfl AMD SifeAkBOAtl. ktikdOi )P)^Me dti GMdn 9b S RAILWAY LINE. F«»r Wliltfwvter, #ttMivtlh^ Monroe^ M adlMW, Fniirto 4ii dii I^ats, CIroeu Bajr* B«lo4t, Freeport, DnuleUby And All InteMedlAte Points. Tmiu l6AT« MilwaukM imaedittolv on ftrtival of Steamen of Detroit and MUw«i- ^ u kM It. k. line, M folloiwi : 10.M A.M.— St. PAUL'S EXPRESS, arriving at Prairie du Cliien at 6.26 P.li., connecting with Steamchrt for 8t. PikuI kild Inftelrriiediate Pdtnts, arriving at 8t Paul during tiie suoceeding niglit, passengers remaining on board undisturbed until morning. ffT This Train also mjJces direct connections for Beloit, Freeport, Bockford, etc. . \^M ^.M.-NJjUHT EXPKESS, with Sleeping Car attached, arriving at Phlifie 0r Both the above Trains make direct connections at MUton Junction for Fort Atkinson, Jeli'erson, Fond du Lac, Oshkosh, Appleton, Green Bay, Berlin, etc., arriving at all thtse points at the same time as by competing routes. Passengers for 8t. i'aul and Intermediate Points, by taking this rotrt«, make the change from Oars to Steai^ier^ by daylight, obtaining Supper and a fiill night's rest on Iboord, and arrive at St. Paul^ etc., as soon as by any other route. These ad- vantages can not b * >!iecurtid by ohy other route. Throu^)) Tickctb scUl to all (ihe above-ntimed points, as low as by any other route. And Intennedia<;& Poiuts leave Chicago by Chicago and Northwestern Railway at 8.46 A.M. ¥ia Pialrle du Clilen, ' Arrive at Prairie du Chien at 6 20 F.k., ^Ifoking direct connection with Steamers, and getting*Supper on board, and arrive at St Paul the subcecdiug evehing. f f^ No change of Cars between Chicago and Pjairie du Chien. Ko extra charge or MeeJU or State RcH>ms on SteiUuers. The Splendid, Fitst-Class Steamers, BfiUiraiikde, Key City, War Xagle, ItBCBoa, and Nortbein Ii^lit, Unequaled in elegance, speed, and comfort by any other line, I.EAV12 fiV. Pitl/'E. 1>A!IL.'V, A'ttC^lT 7 P. IXIi, Arriving at MUwaiikee at 8:60 P.M.,land Chicago at 6.60 P.1i.,nu&iug direct con- nections at both points with Trains for the East. ' %ILLIAM JEBVIS, Superintendent. J C. SPEHCEE, General Manager. ■ t Great Nortliwdit Route TO sf.MM, Hi, £^iai simm iMraot Xoate to Of likod^ Fond da Lr ^<)rlin, Ore«l Aiy, i«a ttilft llPlrt it, Md PHffito GMcago and Northwdstem Bailway. Can run through to JAKKWILUm, 'WATttATOWir, FOND 0U I^A'O, (MmUMiH, AFPUBTCm, OIUBBII BAY, PRAIRIB DU CHIBff, If Ciurs. THREE DAILY TRAINS leave Chicago-8.45 A.M. Day Exprem ; 5.00 P.H. Janegville Accommodation ; 8.30 P.M. Night Ezpreie, forming the direct and ex- peditious route to all points in the Northwest, connecting direct with 8PLBHDID PACKET^ At Prairie du Chien and La Crosse, for all points on the MSa&Mippi Biver. |9* No charge on boats for Meals and State Rooms. The Chicago and Northwestern Railway is now in splendid running order, and completely furnished with new and elegant fkr^ VEtimtATEO CfJUJS, Whereby the great annoyance of dust, so common on other roads, is avoided. Superior krrttnged Sleeplhg Cars Are run to Prairie du Chien, La CroSse, Fond du Lac, Oshkosh, and Green Bay. 0^ Passengers, to avail themselves of the many adviintages of this Route over allotheTS, should be particular and secure Tickets via ** Chicago and Northwestern RaUway." W FARE ALWAYS AS LOW AS BY ANY OTHER ROUTE. # GEOBOE L. DUNLAP, Cnperintendent E. DEWltl BOBIHSdH, General Ti<^t Agent. s^. V •»,v ^^ ♦« IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) I 1.0 ^tam E lu ^" : us 120 1.1 — 6" ^/ n HiotogFaphic Sciences CarporatJon ^ ^^ <> 33 WBT MAM STMIT WnSTM,N.Y. UStO (7t6)l7a-4S03 .**% It we BAILBOAD BOFXB. Galena & CMcago Union Ri^ILROj^X). Th» oldMt and most reliable route to THE I Fbom CHICAGO TO SMkfbr4, Wamn, Oatena, n«eport» Mtnaral Pointy DonlMtl^ Bal^oqii^ Phorie dn Chien, Lannng, Winona, ProMott, XeOregor, La GroHe, Beed'f Landing, Haitinp, Belolt, Rladlton, Jranesvllle, Pra. dn Chleii, If ottlnvhaniy Waterloo, Independence, Cedar Falte. IBB, il£, Ml I or THB 6ALENA AND CHICA80 UNION R.R, Ooiudflting of Dixon and Fulton Air line B.B., Chicago, Iowa, and Nebraska B.B., and Cedar Bapids and Missouri Birer B.B Fbom CmCAGQ to Dixon, Fnlton, Be Witt, Toledo, ]IEar§taallt^n, Des ISolnet Conncll Bluffs, Sterling, Clinton, Cedar Bapldm In- ' dianiown, Boonsboro', Fort Bodge, Oniaha City. Connecting with Stages for DENVEB CITT, and all points in Western and Northern Iowa and Nebraska. Ko Change of Cars in Crossing the Mississippi Biver. Connecting at DITNLEITH with Minnesota Packet Company's Daily line of Mail Steamers, during navigation, for ST. PAUXi. And at Dubuque, with the Dubuque and Padflc Bailroad for Independence, Jesup, Cedar Falls, and all points in Northern Iowa. ______^ E. B. TALCOTT^ General Superintendent. Q. X. WtlKKJiKB, General Ftwsenger Agent, Chicaqo. BAn.ROAD BOUTRS. 177 Illinois Central Railroad. TO ST. LOOn, PEOBU, SPtamraEU^ DECATUR, CAIBO^ KSmHIS, via ILLINOIS CENTRAL RAILROAD. TWO EXPRESS TRAINS leave Chicago daily, on arrival of Trains from fEe IBktIt, lOB JaitooiiTilley OentrftUa, Beoator, dniney, Peoria, Odiii, Atton, 8t. lonii, ColnmbiUy Leavenworth, St. Joeeph, Spdngfleld, Kankakee, Hat- toon, Urbana, Tolono, Pann, Vi^lei^ Cairo, Mewphi^ Kanias City, Jefibnon City, And all parts of dieSoatt anil Sonfhwest* ISi&@@<&©IS @IK)(S@OS[iS) ir(KI{^®(U)@IM] If® ALIL fl6i53IF>0!ISir- AIRflTT IPOORlTOo ^ SLEEPING CAM WITH ALL NIQHT TRAINS. PATENT DUSTERS ON DAY TRAINS. Take Notioe.— Memphis Passengers wUl find this the only direct ronte, and by purchasing tickets via I. C. B.B., will save distance, time, and money. f0^ Trains connect at Cairo daily with Steamers for Memphis. Throiigli Tickets for sale at the Office of the Company in the Great Cen- tral D6pdt, Chicago, also at all the principal Railroad Offices thronghoat the United States and Canada. 1^ Purchase Tlirongh Tickets via Slinols Central Railroad, and seonie Speed, Comfort^ and SjAffety. r. p. JOHHSQH. I W. B. ABTHUB, General Passenger Agent, Chioago. | G«neral Saperiatendeati Ohioago. J. J. SPBOULL, General Agent, New Yorii. It 179 BAILB0AD8 AND BUBAMIiOATB. mW TORE CENTRAL BAILROAB. Conneetilig with Hudion River Railroad and Steamen. Fmt MvO^Wf Nligiira Fali8»;»ttr«it9 'HM0f, CLEVFX.AND5 CINCINNATI, CHICAGO, BUIwaukee, IXIadisoiiy Rock Ittand, Iowa City, Bnlinqwey Burlii>ctoii» ^Ittliiciry 6t* Panly Si,. Iioniiii €al»€i» ikn^ Lake Shore Railroad, BnfBilo and Lake Huron Railroad, or Great Weitem Railway (Canada). vanmovciB axpnass v&AistB Leavp D6p6t of Hndson Rivw Ridhread, Chftmbers and Warren StreetB, New Tor^ at 7 A.X., 10 A.if., an»iMi4al»^ Niagara to Cleveland ; thence by the Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati Bail- road, or the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Daytcm Baflroad lo Above places, and all ttber points West and Southwest. — For nutmi^ lioltat% apply at the Office of the N. ^JTork Ce&tnl ttailrood, im Bnadway, eonMr of Park flaee, mm T«lb €. IL GRWNOUGH, Passenger Agvai JOHH H. MORE, Freight Ate»i. BAILBOAD BOUTB. 17> Great Western Railway ISidgam Falls, Sii^)6i»io& Mips, mi Betroiti Twi mooMi wamm tmm wum mm moLi. AttM^ed to «M!ih Night thdn. SIOKIK CJORS TO ALL 0IY TMIHS. All the FiMseDger Coaches on this road have attached to them a Yeiltilalor» by meana of which the interior is kept cool and entirely fnt tmtL dnft In sommer, and nnifoniily wtuna ^ winter. fir Baggage oheoked through to aU Important Pointa. Fan ai Low at any other Route. ^T Through TIcitets by this Bonta are for aale at all the prfaidpal TlGk«t OiBoei in the United States and Canada. jultos mmtm, ZUMAS SWniGASD, Qeneral Agent, Bnffido, N. T. General Msiialiflt^ TBwifflmit 0> W. 180 B0TEL8. SHEEMAN HOUSE, Q)WMQ)A^^^ &^l^£l!t- Froprieton. CHABLES C. WAITS, i HOTELS. 181 TREMONT HOUSEi .* Situated on corner of Lake and Dearborn Streets. Be-built, re-modeled, and re-furnished, in 1862, at a cost of $160,000. It ton- tains all the modem improyements, and is one of the best-appointed Hotels in th« « country. It has NVmEROrS SUITES OF Roomi, with Baths, Water, etc., attached, for the accommodation of fiunilies. It is easy of access to all the different Railroad Depdte, Places of Amusement, and Steamboat Landings. GAGE ft DEASX, Proprietors. im BOTELB* MISSIOM MOUSE MACKINACS, MICH., E. A. FBAITKS, PBOPRnroB. \- lliii vld Mid flivuflto Homfti miMit deliglitftilfy dtOAted m «lie lOBiaBtle Ikaub Of UMtasMAO, witliiB • Aoti dMaaM ot fh« water'i •dff«i tad vmtigiMm to th« inMt iMki tlfar Xit^ vid oth«r ITaluna Omloittlit In wlildi thk iMMd Minil d h iMiB i ii : bainff alilM oelfihntad ior ill Dvn aIi. KMnuktlo tettUBtw. snd ftii- iilf fvpiiadi. "IWWW^II'W^PW" mm'^gll*^0f'i>''^t^'*^^^i^''^'f'^ii^^mmmm^mmmiimmim'tmi TIm ISLAHD HOUHB bM been reoeatly ftunishiBd throaghout witii New and nMhionable Furattaie* and supplied wHh ererj fkaXhty to make it a Flnt'Cliia Hotel, and is NOW OPEN FOR THE SEASON for the entertainment of Trayelen, Pleasure Parties, foyalids, and oUiers, who de- sire a comfortable home while seeking pleasure or health in the pure atmotq^bera of Lake Snperior, and the beaatifnl scenery of the sorronnding country. moKBiAO» /ti^, 1862. 9 tKfniM, HeLEOB MACKINAC, MICH. Tills H^vw If ttOw Open ftfr (he reo0ptioii (rf gtteil^ it Jum htm wg^tfA tm^ enHtrged, u&d ftunlilied with entire n^w i(iiniitare.^Iti proidmltj to ik» SteiiMp iKMt Luidingi, PlMt« of>AQiiMe»enti Mid bneineii pert of tlie town, mekeUt do- drabie for the Bn^nesi Men end Pleaetife-eeeker, while the XnTilid 4mi reif^ndor the atlinit#«t IHJWMO^ and ▼tow the enttioTowii, Bwlior, FeH, ond Ml ^ of the Straits, <9te. ' 9" An oliitglnv Potter wl8 be In cttondaaoe at the Boahi totako chug* of ^N^ gige and oondndl BMMengen to tike Some. H* iHteClB^^i Propiiotor. ILlokivao, Jum 18, 1862.- This &Tor|te Hotol la pioiiHitly iltnatod, near the Steamboat Lan^Kngi, ai tho month of the flbi^ Oanal^ imd in the immediate Tidnitjr of Fort Bndj. No section of oonntry exceeds the Saut end its Tklnitf fer fiMn%i Hmitliif^, tr A^nalte qpirtl. The table of the Hotel is daily sapplied with delightful White VUk, and otte yarieties of the season, no pains being spared to make this house a comfortslila home tot the pleasnro^tmveter or man of basinets. • " H. f. mffi, ftropitetor. IM HOTELS. TR:feMONT HOUSE. MABQH^TE. MICHiGAN. »•-•- J. L. ARMSTRONG, PbopbiHtob, toftre to I ntonti the Pabllo that thii Hotel is now open for the MeMii. Hut* ing entixelj BKFUBNISHBD It thionghont, end introdooed ell th« modem im- pvoTemeati of a « FIRST-CLASS HOTEL. He if now ixrepued to leceiTe hie gneete in • manner nnsniiAMNd hf any other House on Lake Superior. Haying seoored the services of Bffr. D. B. Bodge% formerly of the Biohmoiid House, Ohiosgo, and the Hsssssoit House, Snringfield, Mess., he hopes, with his assistanoe, to meet the approval of all who make the House a resort for BUSINJ^SS OK PIiEASIJJBE. MABQUim, Jm$ Idf 1862. MABQITETT^ Btousii, MABQTTETTE, MICH. L. D. JACKSON, Tbk Ihvorite and well-kept Honse is Bdightftilly Situated neer the Steamboat Landing, overlook- and the a4|aoent ooontiy. MASON HOUSE, HOUGHTON COUNTY, S. C. SMITH, PBOPBIETOB. This House is PLEASANTLY SITUATED, near the Steamboat Landing, overlook- ing and the adjoining ooimtry. •: HOTBLB. 185 look- DOUGLASS HOUSE, •MR. BARSTOW, ( Q(DIHa®J^|!!l, 196 BOWA ■ieilf€ftll EXCIIftllfiE, JEFFIiRSON AVENUE, DETROIT. J^j. LYON, Pkoprietob. MTERMTHHIML TOTEl, NIAaARA PALLS, N. Y. ■OTBLS. 187 ST. LAWRBNOB BAXiL, - OttlBAT 8T. SAMJB& STJESXX, MONTREAL. ■♦-44 This well-managed and most oomfortable Hool, kept by Henrs. Bumill, of Quebec, hai recently been newly painted and re-fomished throughout. The Ball- room, need in summer, when the hoiMe is full of strangers, as a dining-room, has been entirely resleooratod in the handsomest style. The room will oomfortably dine 260 persons at » time.— Ibioiif0 (Tlpis. 5 Thii splendid Hool, which Is dtoated in the moat beantlftil pari of tho Oikf oi Montreal, near the Banks aad Fost-OIBoe, is famished throughout hi the best stylo of the Kew York and Boiton Hotels, and oo m pria e a * DINIIIG SALOON AND CONCERT NOOH, unequaled by any Hotel in Canada. fgr 'Hm TABLE will receive speoial attentioa, with the view of rendoring It equal, If not superior, to any in America. HOT AHB dOLB BATKS * , aaa bo had sil all hows ; and an OuilNM will alwoya ba fan attoodanoe oa ll« arrival or departure of Bailwi^ Cars and Steamboats. H. HOGAN* A CO., Proprietors. RUSSELL'S HOTEL, | Pj^la.ce street, QUEBEC, 188 BUBINESB ADYXBTISEMBirrB. ttUTVAl IMSURAIICE C0. FIRE AND MARINE. ' Capital and A«e(i '....$200,000. NO SCRIP DIVIDENDS. Profits dlFlded In Casli among Stock and Policy Holders. OOakes Marine Haaards of all kinds. Fire Risks on Buildings, Merchandise, Fomi- ture, Vessels in Port, and the better dass of Bisks generally. William Hart. P. Chamberlin. L. D. Hudson. 0. M. Oyiatk B. Pelton. J. P. Robinson. H. Garretson. F. W. Pelton. Amasa Stone, Jr. William Wellhouse. A. J. Breed. Oflce, OTiatf 8 Exehaigey foot of Superior Street^ Clofolaud, OldOt L. D. HUDSON, Secretary. WnJIAM EABT, President Gomxnercial Mutual Insurance Go«i Office, DfSXJBANCE BUILDINO, foot of Superior Street, . OILEVEL^N^^D, OHIO. This Compai^ Insures Hnlls, CargoeOi and Freights of Steamen, PropeUen, and Sail Veaaele, on Liberal Terma. ^ Also, Merchandise in Transit from Eastern CitiA, and Fire Bisks upon Buildings and their 0>ntents. The Innired participato Annually in the Froflti of the Company. Mtrtin B. Scott. John F. Warner. Samuel Williamson. Henry S. Davis. Solon Burgess. William Bingham. J. A. Redington. WiUiam J. Gordon Henry Harvey. Gen. A. Tisdale. H. M. Ghapin. M. B. Clark. William B. Guyles. Ralph H. Harman. Geo. Worthington. M. B. BOOTT, President. GEOBGB A. TI8DALE, Secretary. WM. J. GOBDON, Vioe-Presideni BUBiKiM A iivjuH ' ism anrw. ; OOHHEBCIAI. 189 niARIlfE BISKS TAKKFI AT CVRREMT BATES. Capital, $175,000» with a Snrplni. JOHN J. TALLMADGB, Fres. G. D. NOBBIS, Y. Pres. JAB. B. KELLOGO, So6^. B. OBAMEB, TrMuranr. L. H. LANE» Murine Inapeetor. DIRECTORS. F. Lftyton. T. littell. D. Newhall. J. Plankintaa. E. H. Ckx)drioh. M. B. Medbery. Ghas. F. Daley. L. H. Kellogg. B. D. Chapin. T. W. GkiodridL M. 8. Soott. G. R Norrici. Robert Read. L. Sexton. J. A. Dutcher. D. Ferguson. J. T. Bradford. J. Bonnell. O. Bremer. E. Boddis.* O. B. Britt. E. Cramer. ALHutchhuon. J. H. Inbusdi. 3. T. Hooker. Ales. Mitchell. WilUam Tonng. J. H. Ck>rde8. 0. T. Bradley. J. J. I^dbiaadge CLETELAJirD lEON MINING COMPAM, " Ifiners and Dealers in Lake Superior Iron Ore, From their Iron Moontuns, at ICarquette, Lake Superior, GFFIQE AT CLEVELAND, QKIO. E)Ol^l©Tr®[^@, ' George A. Tisdale .ClerelaoA Samuel L. Mather <* Iemmo N. Jadson. i . .New York. M. L. Hewitt llfarquelto. WILLIAM J. GOBIXni, TnlUM. SAMUEL L. MATHEBy Seorotazy and Treasurer. WiBian^ J. Gordon Gleyeland. John Outhwaite " George Worthington. ....... '* ' 8. D. McMillan i< f f 190 Busiaiwi Auviu r i ' gM flnrm. WHITE & MAYNARp, A.TTORNEYS-AT-LAW • Aim '. SOLIOITORS IN OHAJS'OERY, Will Fkictioe in the State and United Statee Goorti in thig State and elaewhei»^ FOBC^SH. Mnf Land) Tax, Colleotioii, and I^uraranoa Ag^ati. MARQUETTE, Mabqubttb CotrNrr, Lake SupebioBi PmB Wuxi. M. H. Matnabd. PETER WHITE, If BANKER, ^ • ,.'- t . . . H. H. STAFFORD, ' Wholoiale and Retail Dealer In FAnirs, OILS, TUumnB, MARQtJETTE, LAKE STTFEBIOB. BOOKS A AND STATIONERY. M Ki i t ui ent oonstantly on hand and for Bale. BmatoB% Perffumeriry Hair OIli, ComOm m TAYLOf & JEWETT. Ship Chattdlers and Grocers, Dealert ii Patmt CtHagt, Eagibk Chaiis ui Aiehtn, Ctevaa, Blt^, Oakui, FmUiik, Iftvtf Storeti ftM», 0l]i^ «tft| t Nos. 4 AND 5 MARtKE BLOCK, OHIO STREET BUFFAIA W. T. Veneli FtdnirfMid Willi OMB^Mto ^lH>iit of BiggiiMk Stib, Chfdnt, Blocks, Ca|»tutt, Winches, Windlaases, Hinik StvJring Wneels, Patent Ship Logs, Compasses, Telescopes, Fumituie, and Stores. SaIIi Mid mtvti«I I'^tl** Complete Suits of Sails and Gangs of Rigging famished, of the best materials md on favorable terms. The work done by experienced Biggere and Hail Makers. f0f Constantly on hand, the most approved styles of Duck, Russia Bolt Rope, Bunting, etie. Mann&ctiirerB of U. S. Havy Oalnmi. " S. KAUFMAN, - Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Ready-made Olotliiiig, Boots, Shoes, Eats, Gaps, Shirty, YANKEE NOTIONS, TCfflAGOO, OiaABS,' •VAVIlMCBJRV, WAKX PAVBB0, BC«w MARQUETTE, LAKE SUPERIOR. fV* OLOXHIVa XADB TO \S^ IM Bumncss ADnamBBifERTB. , BECK & SAYLES, FOB TBI PUBOHABS AKD SALE OF EVERT DEBCBIFTIOir OF STOCKS ^2SrD BONDS. f In the Markflte of BOSTON, NEW YORK, AND PHILADELPHIA. 1^ Fkittcolar •ttantbn given to ths nUUac Inteiwrti •! I.AKE aVPEBIOB wm* CARADA. Ho. ss statu: stsueist, BOSTON. Jaioi a. Ddpo. Jaxm Bmk. Bmkki Bayim, St Mary's Canal MINBRAl LAND COMPANY* n. T. it d'ALZOlffT, TUB CtoiftiiMUiky now o£fen fbr Sale, on rearaable tennit its Mineral, Agiictiltiinl, and Tbtnber Lands in the Counties of Ontdhagon, Houghton, Keweenaw, and MbxA qnette. All the Ck>mpan7's Lands are described in the records of the Begisters of Deeds in each of said Counties. Asplieatioiis for any of these Lands may be made to the Resident Agent, and will rSdeiye pnnnpt attenUon. fir All persons found trespasdng upooi th% Coinpany'slisnd will be prosecuted to the extent of the law. EO&ATIO BIOEIOW, Land Agent of the St. Mary's Canal Mineral Land Company. JinT7,1862. k' ^a aES, [ON OV STDS. ImntBuaii INY, ^Inla 1| Agricottural, DAW, and Mar-l lie BegisteiB of ait Agent, aiid M)e prasecated id Company. TG?; W^ \^fc^ •w'i'\i'^'^,-S'^^'n Ski ? i ^T^^^^^ ^;!«r fT- "N, lis/ vi p^- W- K^BBH .9Q f Hudson :B aff C om.? Tcr ■*' /"<«*f Oil. "I *** »t»RDj. ^Hmnti'H fo Coninin 3.500.000 Sf 21 f Jn/.totn '0.9 V ^" h i p '-^M.l{fe^i: ^^y^ali^ '::.:=::f- •** Cloud'' ^^ -4s^gr/ ^i i* i /I ■-«. ^V fUdWu vau8 ffer ^'chlanal (ounci7i _ far 1- JTB O.OOO Sq Mf r<»*». *// \)> %^ ^■jr r o p p e 1m JSB.C4fnii** ._y 'OyT* ^ilW '^r i* i r n fJfeserrZ \ 'i'i^i^^ leKttc Geni^^^^ Mamamsc A( JhweMlner ».«^ rou ^*«31 irtl ^^nni l^ausau ' i^sconsin.] caster xj-»- '^ia^\i/le Janes iac /i m\v«ni&^ W ^mmim t;^ ^Si^ . r*Saiiila(>< S a^n»«^*iP. Saginaw iilllL MJ< ^^ ■/„ ■»! JAi.itSSS, s-.?:..V^TALL«7,JWM I MB IT a.'J»>li>^vv ^tg.n7». "J-S iBJUty tMf Abbitib^* «* B ay \» «• V T «? X - r "V. MB. A \ n. Fulfil fcmrwr fJbi%»^ Jo* ^j»-if j"*^*; **a' 1^ ToMiim — iifa»« ft lakes f erthi etf«^ I >> r^«i. — mmM t^Vl i>^;^>Jk^T^^?' ^"' rm V&i m^: y'^--"^''^^^^^ ^ ., .j^inm^ Ci^ttaui ecr I3ia 11 '.^j^y ■•!^*^«5?HlEZaBSSBB6s^■s::•*^ i^sa^LJimm^m^' 'Mmmmmum^a^'^ ^jf.^^mi^rs- m. / ^\ y«v \AK .^.ajLAd^^^a^yjJw^. ^^*ntkrn It Buai Oil • 42 Vmtuau Brooi Orownirtile. liv r^ iiuaster \_,-g<» ndeace j»r/p J He 40 ^U..JU'' 9cE fon* j^^^ A AMwuni ^aUYDO BCOt lond ouii^if0fl(tm. ce < StfOW Pa ^jjL^vb Boone* ..ti>^' *^«?»TH> ^•'jCvh f Warsaw no ?f C. Vaudfl -Q HiUaboroj Yorks' Mast -i- ^^^mmm^wd L^'J--^- f»ot vM ffertif ylhcManti S^Bcoiuiu. I r«irt "41 ..L '^ Sai^i>\^|b/;..Vi 4 j^' cyi" ' m ■> t-t — i'ox Tuuff0' "ftawa MMM [lecntur Crav tGreeni f'l bana [ifwtejr )cool Bedfoxdi fGeattslia Benton S'FLeksant tK^^ reton IB/ •ieston 'ays ' Creenuftstmnf i g?BEB^T^ ,/i^ait i^^ga^MEST? ^W OTftii M i/a eHIS Hdfien 'mmmm^^^'mmjA IB '"' '..sta^'"' '* AirT^ / ^ 1V^ ; »&■:■*, ditf Albs ■- '-■*»1S. ^f^ . i Cc esttr 7lfV/¥W l l l A lj '* S?if \ M#«6^ tofi/h'A i s 7» ^^~" ., . . . J^^ u V*m[|fn Aii«idr \if^ $ y . P Biua 4§i .•^>' MpoW* '^'; {^ DeDd 0itf tr: j^attinS'^^ ster^ bana HB^y*^' .^nfe Test Bitehunp — 4o toa'i k*^'^ ''/S** fci^" 'ay* fadettsh a4i jj^'wiiw J S e* o ^ 1 Sir> ' j^ _ • HI iflTanaSjp sonhMf, Louidf ftia asv mi^.':^''mmm'4[ ^Bk 'wk^E3 v' i^K^ri^^'' /m * ^^' ^ -t.->.'^.^ ^4 4 Mt'' ^&:r? rth-i^ .'::T!^ mw Wfrj»j J^ c , 'S 'ui' So BO*' link U« 9«n:i WlfJ leDiL aitti Ipcve ^/.■' inUl ^^-' rroi" Mr,. ^'^•^i FjqiljauiUaii. iUttals lUt^IUHIlls ^eie^mph lutes . Staff e /ti'tiA'j fMinishedJimli&s. Sttutnhottt Lnn-s Jlc'Rfi'^ B.M .Scale of Statute Abies (iTCO Yijlsv lo ao 30 40 s.o iDo 14AP OF THE - siJRR6TmDiN& country: NEW YORK, Published b^^ J. Disturnell. 38 Ji 70 PRt*tTED BY LAH^tt COOPER. 117. FULTtfH ST.N.Y,