IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) V. ^ // {./ ^ .<^\^ :/. :/. %0 v.. H 1.0 I.I 11.25 If 1^ 1^ u lii 12.2 1.4 2.0 1.8 1.6 V] '/J / ^> \> '/ ¥^ Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, r.'.' i^'sn (716) 872-450i« m iV \\ "% V <• /> ^ %^ 6^ %0 CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian da microraproductions historiques Tachnical and Bibliographic Notas/Notas tachniquas at bibliographiquas Tha Instituta has attamptad to obtain tha bast original copy availabia for filming. Faaturas of this copy which may ba bibliographically uniqua, which may altar any of tha imagas in tha raproduction, or which may significantly changa tha usual mathod of filming, ara chackad balow. 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Las diagrammes suivants illustrant la mithoda. ■ ' ■ "• 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 -Tyr; /■ MMMMMfel HMMHMliilHM nmmM mL In Weekly Nnmberi, Price Id., to 1)e completed in one handsome . and readable Volume, price If. 6d., HELP TO ENGLISH HISTORY, FROM THE , DAWN OF THE REFORMATION TO THE PRESENT TIME. ACCUBATELT COMPIIEI) FBOH THE BEST ATITH0BITIE8. AS KEARLY AS POSSIBLE THE ARRANGEMENT OF SUBJECTS WILL BE IN THE FOLLOWING MANNER: A SKETCH OF THE EARLY CONDITION OF ENGLAND, from the Invasion of the Romans to the Accession of Henbt YII. —Two Numbers. THE HOUSE OF TUDOR AND THE REFORMATION.- Two Numbers. THE HOUSE OF STUART, THE COMMONWEALTH, AND THE REVOLUTION—Four Numbers. THE HOUSE OF HANOVER, CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX, AND HISTORICAL TABLES— Six Numbers. Each Number will contain twenty-four pages of carefully printed letter-press, and it is hoped that the whole, when completed, will form a handy Book of Reference, and be that which its title indicates,—- a sound and usefql HELP TO ENGLISH HISTORY. LONDON: W. H. ANGEL, 11, Lovell's Court, Paternoster Row; And all Booksellers in Great BriUin and the Colonies. ?TTBLIC 4 G LLO RE 7 ITO] *LOW »RUn F LOR] B H ] HO RIT CI 11 I I — >i..o« immmmmiimsmmrftm ^p „ ,^ -,. w.^ .^■■K.^..*:..^ ...^ *•■ - nr- ff -— *■ »<*««| I HIMi^»jMlaMfa,M«hM PTTBLICATIOHTS ISSUED AT COTTAGE GARDEITEB OPFICB. « — ILLUSTRATED OARDr.MNO PERIODICAL. Wci'kly, pri c ?>! , >titiiiped 4d., HE CO.TTAGi: (JARDENER and COUNIIIY 01 NiLEMAN. Conducted by 0. W. JOHNSON, ISa , r«l ROBERT IIOQO, Eia. ^ Specimen Number ftef />■> J\H,r Pottage-ttampi, Cottgge Gardfn cr OfTire, 20, IVf. rmxtcr Row, Londoa. I'ricc ;!J., liiT l>v I'ott, 4d., ARDENING ¥ k) [\, THE MANY. Cottage Gardener Olfico, 2). I'lin nosJor Row, London. G G A Price .'^d., free l>) |Mml, 4d., LLOTxMENT FAliMIiXG FOR THE MANY. Cottage Gardene r OlTice, 20. I'ninriiuster Row, London. Price 6d , frco liv |">nt, 7d., REENHOUSES KOR THE MANY. Cottage Gard ener Office, 20 I'.Mirnoster Row, London. ITCHEN GARDENIIsO FOR THE MANY. ^__ Cottage Garden er Office, 20, I'.ii.rnoster I ow, London. F Price 4d , free \>y jiiiht, 6d., LOWER GAUDENINy ji'iM, 6d., RUIT GARDENING J'OR THE MANY. Cottage Gardener Office, 20, I'"'' mottir Row, Ixindon. r Price 4d., frrc \ij )•'••» M., LORISTS' FLOWERS J'OR TUE ^^lANV. Cottage Gardener Office, 20. I'a'. /ti.,«tcr Pow, \jcti.<\t.ti. Price Cd, frrc t y ;^'.t 7d.. ^HE POULTRY BOOK J- OR TJIE MANY. Cottage Gardener Office, 20, i'«'»ffr •!. r IC.*, Ln I'm. Prirc f'd . fr. < !.T jx/*' I'd , WINDOW gardening; jon iin: ^fA.vv. ■ Cottage Gardener Ofrir#. '."O, P«v<#i.-«*'r J. », \^r ; ^. Price It. Cd , (/ir b. ;-«.• ;• bi , t j HE G A R D L N M A N I* A L Cottage Gardener O.T. #, 2\ P.^fi /••»f I'.. •. '.. f «. B price k1 , te^ " »aJ^ilWl ••**• OVERLAND MAIL KOUTE niRECT TO CALIFORNIA AND BRITISH COLOmitlA. WITH (he vif'W of accommodating the greittly>iiioreased patscnfter truffic to Califurnia und Uritich Columbia, aaJ lo ensure a cer- tnitity of traiihii without ri&k of a Innj and dangerous detention on thf ^ay, the undereimcfl i««ne*'7/iroM Ticketn" to SAN FRANCISCO, hv the llOYAL (WES'^ NDIA) MAIL STEAM PACKET COMF'ANY, iluM'ANAMA RAILKOAD COMPANY, ami the PACIFIC UNITEP STATES MAIL STEAM SHIP COMPANY, at the ratea of fare uicntioned helow, Ijarg»>and spli-ndid Steamers of threat size and power have been placed on the line, by which the length oithe passage has been considerably I educed. Thr.ush Pussage to SAX FRANCISCO in about Thirty.five Daya. To Vic orift in ahout Forty Days. On their airival at Aspiuual'l (Colon), pas«engert with Throueh Tickrts nre conveyKl across the Isthmus in firttt-claba carriages of the PANAMA ItAILUOAD in four hours. The ROYAL MAIL STEAM PACKET COMPANY'S Steamers leave Souihampion on the 2nd and 17th of each month (unless these dates fall on a Sunday, then on the following day.) Hnd pat'Si.nsers. embarking by lliem are due at Colon (Asp^uwall), Isthmus of Panama, nineteen days after leaving England. Tlie Steamer leaving Souihaniptnn on the 17th of the month offer* modt ndvanr&cca 'o ])a'co, as she w due at Colon on the 7th of the following month, the date of the departure from Panama beinp the 9th idem. Since the completion of the Panama Uailro=id the Pacifin Mail Steam- ship Company have made ntw arrangements, by which each Steamer lies over at PanamH for two weeks, so as to make it certain that she will be ready to start at the ap))ointed limp. &}" Hedding and all other necessaries for the vovape. including an abundance of provisions, beine furnished to all passengers hy this line, they ilius avoid the Jicaii/ extra cost for such thing* which must be incurred by travellers by other and less direct rou'es ; whilst the vait ftating in time (xo valuable in a new colony) by this route hiS long e:>tabli»hed its superiority over all others. Its advantages are — CERTAINTY. ECONOMY, SPEED. AND SAFETY. FARES (until further notice), To San Francisco, Cala, £35 and upwards (including Railway transit iiTc^s the Isthmus of Panama;. For particuU as <. ! oieuns uf reaching British Columbia, and for any other inlormatioty, •,.(._• 10 ■ • ' WHEATLEY, STAER, & CO., AGENTS, 151), CHEAF{?n)i:. LONDON. W. S. B( Cb./crvurd po,-rh ami jmrvils Ly this route to California and , liyxtiih Cohimtiu, g1 fixed rates (if freiijht. I'jil U'C 'l\ J. irXuN !•:!!•, Uuuriiort Mrcct, Bf.riista^de. ^^ ri I T V ^i fi ■5 ri: i c c c V i wrim 'mumtmommr^ ■wn^^T" -tr .-.• -* ■U '•> v*li0ti~ .-v^ y^'vpiT' .^ % It UUIDE ROOK FOB : ' ' t • •■ HKT'rrsiI COJAMBIA. 'I'lIE » BY A ■ SUCCESSFUL DIGGER, U7/0 IL^S ,MjD/.j 77,5 FOLTUNK THERE 4XD ADVlSias OTIIRRS TO GO JX/J :^IAKE TUKIR.'S. } CONTENTS : CiiAi-r.;,, \.-A II w „o]lJ>S 0.\ llHlTmi COLV.MBU t'liAPTKR fl — VHE JiCS/l moM CALIFOltMA i-'uArTHHUI.-FACTS FOlt GOLD DIGGERS. '.'.'..'... OiAFTKB IV.-UFK AT THE VIGOIAGS <;« A.r.„ V.^-AliTICLFS l.XDlSPFXSAliL F ' TO 'ti'i'e 'kmigu 'i Vr ' ' ^"^'•rt^f^ yi-nouri:s TO unrrisn coLC'MjiiA.. CSEFC-L "0\ HITS" ■" fAf.K" .1 . II . Jl PRICE SIXPENCE. London : DEAN & SON, 11, Ludgate Hill. >0L„ LV ALL liOOKSELLKUS, ^ AT ALL RAU.WAV STATIONS. i i i '^---^^^^^^^.^^^^...ry^^er^^.^^^^.^^^ ^ -^' Orx^^ . f.t-^«yT tfJ M> Ua - ^^.- M-m.,~ii^if0.r:ii.^u.^ssxi ,1 ..-^."^ \ Kll II Ml III r\ I l.v> l2<' ID lur Ja> GUIDE BOOK POR • BRITISH COLUMBIA, &c., «Y A SUCCESSFUL DIGGER, CONTAINING PRACTICAL IXFORMATION FOR THE EMIGRANT, Aisas ©mas TusEnrj. iMffa'aat. • ■la ■iib i.L^- T^mp*!*"* 1 1 Ji jjyms ayaBjEijtoitJ^ aH^ . ^ _:..» \ w •r* ••■MP '»'"■♦■»». »i.^ MM )^« ^' • ( f • I ' ■w B W' ff i tiB w wrnmmmmmmmmmmmm • r-rgSf hiftAff-r pri r -I -i-- ..-. ■ ] .\ >«■ I • ^ r.-' OTTIDE HOOK FOR T^IlTTrsir COLUMHIA, CHAPTER I. A FEW ironns on nnmsir Columbia, JL"rV",^°?'''V''*^' olherwiie known n. New Caledonl. w nch nUo jMcludes Queen Ch,.rlott. I,l«nd) ^d vZcZ^r I. V u tj:' P^^B^Pf'r of th. t rntory. ^ * ' '*^ mean, of nn»..lf.j "•" "f "<"'''" communication b» hr fmm oS d L ^Ju" ' "" V*"" "'''"''' Columbia i, .„,% fact Can „nui°S°"''''V''« ?",''«■> 'epreaanlcd. U I)riti.l, Ccllulia',i,h nine S."of'^ ''"'"'' '"?' ''" 'W"" impo,. f„, .be co„.„m^"!rlrb.' ° , '■ i,^^:r"' "" '" '° or»;'Briur^rs'iv'E 'r/'' ""r """^ '■> ^"."ic. .. be,„eenpa,aUd,«.andTM°°''l,'; V "".■"""■•""'. •"'' % ~ . - ;..^,^-!* X, »''«• in breadth- with a been discove *rf k "? ""^ ^^^^»'«e. or P P °*5'' ^^^^ «1"'« ue^r '•' »"ch wa, ? y ^^'^ »P«niard«'in (Jl JsTk"*^"' " «»•<» «<> have «^°wt .oon after fh'c"""''" di«coverTe, n„7?^"» •^- Sir tJiere. butVp .""^ Spaniards wer«l ".*'"' north-west "fcpteiulir T?"'^«'«'q"e"t~i„?"°*'M'l'lomi,«^^^^ Keneiill, ^^,^ would -Xtk?:.";to^rt^^" '-o^there th'f^,-'^- the 's «o be found;/ ■'°"' '^«a. There '^T^ *\^ ^°^d diggings eventual ;X" 'T'"«« q^anti ies „ n • °"^' ''"' ^'"'t gold ■»!«• m^p HSWFPFl" 1 1 < 2i r( n; ar thi ^' d'-'ven lip for "'"' jn^^ /re engaged bvthT^l. ®°°"' '"ake 'Y« ^e*-? short Tor tu""'^'- ''"t generaf/v»h *"'* ""^^ "'ben «"»ation under a wh.-?'*'"'' ^° °ot fe,'o/A;" ,""?«^«»entj nothing to fear f. .''^ '"a"- Therp?o ! ^"^"^ of a irood .Vancouver Island v ^ ^^"'^ *° tbem "nportance. U'1 h^i'/^"''" " «» coS^T"''"*' P^''^'^^ ^ou/d be carried on '^G^'/^P^n. and S ia aT °^ «'«»' quantities in the isul'^ ^T^ «^oal can henlr • u"''^* *«de ^'•ancisco. where 7t f^?\'"^/be exporj of%h? '"'".''. '" '•""ge -y,' ^^«^!on'sl!',^;-;;^;t - t^L^;; TnT^^^^p'^ ^^« ^n-t 'htf b? ^^'^^''--•b gl^ed"^ ^be,. "aught by the no/ '"'''"• ^nd choS J"^ *''« diggers • J"-p.-ng Jee^ , " 'J" /" ^oden t' U^l "'"■^' «^« ander, which ;» k""' '° ^be nei£.hivfu "^ chevreui] or Jbedi^tr t is tinVT." ^«"boo 2°!^°°^ °f Fort AJex '••om the noile i '.'"'' '" beavers m,,/''^ "^'^ gold dignW «feJ.ke,viseDJem-??'''''''«'-e^"befolT^^ *''« other fu^ E^quimaurdS'^S;,^^^ ^'"«"-brS and";^"'*'^"'''- Dojs "°««- When "e; r„^ it- ""-'^d-up tail sin ''' ""^''^We the but the chief u'e'f"; '^V' ^esh form 1?/" '"«' ^^d pointed f'-^^^thesJedg"; V '!? '^''' ani?T "^feable dish; together with^;fovis[on: ?^ '''*'" '^'^ dt w^/'fP*;^ " ^ ^--^orthemseivest:tb'S'^j;(,25^^^^^^ linmm y 6. go at the rate of four miles an hour. Of birds there are several npecies of {grouse, the dram partridge, the Mexican woodpecker ; the wild duck, mallard, the golden eye, teal, crested grebe, snipe, large tspecies of crane, are the chief of aquatic birdw. In the summer months the aquatic birds keep towards the Polar Sea, but in winter the whole coHSt is covered with them ; and the sportsman must be a poor shot, who cannot make a living with his gun in winter. The coast, rivers, and lakes are swarming with fish, which forms the principal article of food of the natives. Sturgeon weighing from '250lbs. to 6001bs. are frequently caught, and often measure irom six to twelve feet in length. Four species of salmon are found there in immense quantities, and can be seen ascending the Frazer River in shoals from the ocear. The natives catch them by wholesale, and preserve them as winter provisions. Trout, carp, and white-fish are also very plentiful in the colony. Wild fruit, grateful to the palate, and wholesome and nutiitious to the stomach, are found in the vicinity of the gold diggings. The Indian pear is the most abundant, and is not unlike the English species : a blackish colour when ripe, with somewhat of a reddish tinge, pear-shaped, and very sweet to the taste. Blueberries are plentiful in some parts of the colony, and in their taste street and acid are delicictt<«ly blended. Straw- berries, gooseberries, choke cherries, whortleberries, and seryice berries are also found there. A resident in the colony for eight years tells us that the western district (that is along the const) is peculiarly well adapted for agricultural operations. In some places there is a deep black vegetable loam, ia others a light brown loam. The hills are of basalt, stone, and felate. The undulating surface is well watered and well wooded, bearing pine, spruce, red and white oak, ash, arbutus, cedar, arbor-vitse, poplar, maple, willow, cherry, and j ew, besides underwood of hazel and roses. All kinds of grain can be procured in abundance. Pears and apples succeed admirably, and the different vegetables produced in England yield there most abundant crops. In the middle section, which is 1,000 feet higher than the western, excellent crops and large stocks of cattle have, it is said, been raised by the missionaries near the Cascade Mountains. Other authori- ties tell us the colony will prove a fine one for agriculturalists. Lying near the Frazer River is a vast tract of low pasturc'land, where thousands of cattle and sheep could graze, and along the t :' I t I ■■llAir _:. 7.. • both banks of the same stream a quantitv of fertUe land is re.'idy for the plough. On the occasion of the introduction of the British Columbian Bill m the House of Commons, the Colonial Minister (Sir Lytton Bulwer), said,--I give the house a sketch of the little tlut IS known to us through official sources of the territory in uliich these now gold fields have been discovered. The :erntory lies between the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific ; it js bounded on the north by the American frontier line, 49' of -aUtude. and may be considered to extend to the sources of the i lazer Kiver, in latitude 55\ It is, therefore, about 420 miles long in a straight line, its average breadth about 250 to 300 allies. Taken from corner to corner its greatest length would te. however, 805 miles, and its greatest breadth 400 miles. Mr. Arrowsmith computes its area of square miles, including -^{ueen Charlotte Island, at somewhat more than 200,000 miles. Of Its two gold-bearing riveis, one, the Frazer, rises in the uorthein boundary, and. flowinj? south, falls into the sea at the .=MUh.west extremity of the territory, opposite the southeruend of Vancouver Island, and within a few miles of the American boundary; the other. Ihe Thompson River, rises in the Rocky .Mountams, and. flowing westward, joins the Frazer about 150 miles from the coast. It is on these two rivers, and chiefly at their confluence, that the gold discoveries Jave been made. Honourable gentlemen who look at the map may imagine this new colony at an immeasurable distance from England, but w«' have already received overtures from no less eminent a person than Mr. Cunard for a line of postal steam-vessels for letters, goods, and passengers, by which it is calculated that a passeo. ger starting from Liverpool may reach this colony in about 35 days by way of New York and Panama. With regard to the soil, there is said to be some toleralde land on the lower part of Frazer River. But the Thompson River district is described as one of the finest countries in the British dominions, with a climate far superior to that of countries in the same latitude on the other side of the mountains. Mr. Cooper, who gave valuable evidence before our committee on this district, with which he is thoroughly acquainted, recently addressed to me a letter, in which he states that *'its fisheries are most valuable, " Its timber the finest in the worid for marine purposes. :It abounds with bituminous coal, well fitted lor the generation of «team. From Thompson River & Colville districts to the Rocky Mountains, and from the forty.ninth parallel some 350 miles i t I vA X / J' / MlriHM imIL 8. « north, a more beautiful country does not exist. It is in ever? way suitable for colonisation." Therefore npart from the gold fields, this country affords every promise of a flourishing and important colony. The Hon. Charles Fitzwilliam, M.P., himself a member of the Committee, gave the following a* his opinion of the island of Vancouver: — I was in Vmcouver Island in the winter 1852-3. The climate appeared to me particulnrly adapted for settlement by Englishmen ; it resembles the climate of England, but not quite so cold ; the soil is generally productive. The country is divided into wood and prairie. I visited the coal mines at Nanaimo ; they were working a six-feet seam of coal at a depth of forty feet, and which is close to the sea nhore. The coal is of excellent quality, very like the West Hiding of Yorkshire coal. The soil and climate are remarkably fine, and produce excellent wheat, oats, barley, and potatoes; the timber is magnificent, and the harbour of Esquimault [which is a few miles from Victoria] is the finest I ever saw. Nobody who has not seen the enormous quantities of fish can possibly credit the value and excellence of the fisheries ; the only safe harbours on the coast exist in Vancouver Island, with the exception of San Francisco. Vancouver Island is decidedly the superior of the two with regard to climate, but British Columbia has the greatest induce- ments to the emigrant in her gold fielde. The soil of Vancouver Island produces excellent wheat crops. Mr. Baillie has raised fuity-four bushels to the acre off some land which he farms for the Hudson Bay Company, about three miles from Victoria. Heavy crops of peas have also been raised in the same place, and at a place named Soke, Colonel Grant laised excellent crops of wheat, barley, oats, peas, beans, turnips, and potatoes ; Swedish turnips in particular did remarkably well, and produced a very heavy crop. In all arable portions of the island the land is favourable to the production of green crops of every description ; vegetables also grow particularly well, and esculent roots of all sorts attain a great size. Oats have generally been a failure, which Colonel Grint thinks to be owing to their having been sown too late in the Reason. The Colonial Secretaiy, Mr. Young, in a Keport dated Victoria, 29nd February, 1861, says : — "British Columbia being a gold producing country, with little else than the gold yet developed, it is difficult to recommend any paiticular class to emigrate to it« shores. Amongst the miners are to be found men of every class and trade, who, when sufficient inducements mmmmm^ wmmm mm 'vmmm ^^m •««•■ 0. offer, by there being a dettand for their particular calling, will readily abandon the one oucupation to engage in the other, and vic« versa. But the resources of the country, independently of gold, are undoubtedly great, and the prospects held out to an industrial population by no means di^^couraging, even in this early stage. Land can be easily acquired by pre-emptioa without immediate payment, and the soil is abundantly fruitful ; while the demand for its productions hitherto far exceeds the supply. Men of steady and industrious habits, possessed of small capital, who would be content to forego the glittering, though perhaps meretricious, allurements of the gold fields, remembering that where one man may realise a competence, hundreds do actually fail in procuring more than a livelihood, would, there is but little doubt, do well in following agricultural pursuits in British Columbia. ThoHe who have done so, biiberto, have reaped a rich harvest. Men of the 'navigator' class would also, it is believed, do well, for the Government are engaged in thn almost interminable work of opening out roads and commu- nications to the interior, and the cost of labour hitherto upon i such works as these has, in conseqaeuce of the principal portion * being drawn from the gold fields, been very heavy. "Female domestic servants would meet with instant employ- ment, and for this class there is. and would be, a continual demand, as the disproportion of males is so great, that an unmarried woman w^ho has reached the age of 20 is, it is believed, not to be found in the colony. "Vancouver's Islar.d offers good inducements to farm labour- ers, mechanics of every description, and domestic servants of both sexes, but especially to female domestics, as the few at present to be found in the island readily obtain places at wages varying from £4 to £6 per month. A large proportion of the vegetables consumed in V^ancouver's Island are imported from the neighbouring American territory, and it may, therefore, be fairly assumed that agricultural pursuits would yield a good return. Small farraeis would do well, but they must be possessed of sufHcient capital to be independent for the first twelve mo) . . "The pre-emption system is established in Vancouver's Island, and rich and valuable land within a short distance of Victoria, the capital, if not open to pre-emption, can be readily leased at a ground rent of from 4s. to £1 per acre per annum." Frazer River is the largest river in the colony, and the only one that need be mentioned here. It rises near the Canoe mmmmmFm ^ / / I y Ma 10. River, and Rftcr a western course of 1.50 miles, the Silmbn Kiver fiills into it. Stuarts* Rivor and Quesnel River fall into it a little further down, to be followed by the Chilcotin River and Thompsoa River. Coosequent on so maDj streams finding their way into the Frazcr, and the current so strong, the river is very dangerous to sailing vessels, which can only navigate it to about 50 miles fmm its mouth. Steamers perform the remainder of the voyage. GMd was first discovered in Queen Charlotte Island which is off the main.land about 60 miles, and about 150 miles further north than Vancouver Island, in the year X850, but the yield of the precious mineral was so small as not to be a sufficient inducement fur diggers to turn from Califcrni to this island. Three years later another discovery was made, but this time on the maiu-land. In 1853 while a party of engineers vere surveying on the Columbia River (which is nearer the Rocky, Mountains than Frazer Rivei) gold was discovered in large quantities, and the diggers made about £2.108., per week by digging. In 1856 the diggings on the Columbia River impro- ved so that frequently as much as £8 per week was realised by those employed. However, it was not until 1858 that the gold discoveries on Frazer River created such a sensation throughout the world, and thousands of persons left San Francisco for the new £1 Dorado. tir ■nmnMawi I II. 'J CHAPTER II. THE RUSH FROM CALIFORNIA. It has already been stated in the previous chapter, that the diacovenesofgolddidnot attract much attention until 1858 Then It was not doubted that gold in large quantities wad obtamable in British Columbia, and at once, thousand, of adrenturers who are always ready to pick gold up in the streets rushed from all quarters of the globe. The rush however, was confined chiefly to San Francisco, the head port of Califoruia Brhish Vr' i-'* ?'^^"^ /^^^'"^ '^' 6°'5 field. th«e for' or^^T^:m:'AZ:^^^^^^^^ district at the head San Francisco presented a scene that no one living in Europe has any conception of. We have all heard of the rush of our population to Australia to pick up the nuggets which lay upon 3 or 4,000 adventurers leaving one small sea-port in a week or two for tne land of gold. They were people of all nations' convicts runaway bankrupts, and exiles from Europe formed IK, small portion of the band. The criminal from Newgate, the fraudulent merchant, and the noble of France, GermaS- or t&S7"ri^%""° ^"^^'"^ ''^' ^y side shouldering their picks and shovels, pans and rockers. Gold diffgin^ranv man will work at so that the scapegrace of Europe is converted into a useful machine in America. •-"Bvenea An interesting letter appeared in The Times from its own correspondent at San Francisco, dated June 14th, 1868 The folZl"^ "i"""!? '*'" ^"'" *^" '^''^'' '°'^^ 'dea of the immense ItCarfbo^?- there, previous to the more recent discoverieJ ^:u-\:> MftB ■I ^ mm 12. Kwri ai I »ip tet him Ull hli rt«r? |n Jjii own w,, InUrpo-ln, ontf nch rraiuki of ■' "wii ■! iflU ha cipUnKtnrr of bit "lennt'* •nH?'tD( an hlth a^ irti Hti to tba piq " Th* "pan" mott rradani know by tblatla*. la a riiiall tin hwlo with whloh tha dlBi*r ''waabva" tha (rafal oontalninf tb«_fol4. " Whi'ii I aniTed mlnm war* making m bleb a< di ounooa • day to tha rookn." TbM* ar« fiinrmoui earalnft. Nli ouneaa of toid at lt« market valua of It doUiUtUia sudm, wiHiMtM nearly £V iit«rl|ni;. a« t>ir> V^lr) we found gold— at lome placet mora, at otban Icai; but wa found gold rvriivwimar." ■M'liK apeolal oorreepondent oftha flan Fraocltoo Bulletin,' a rellabia authority, wrItM frnni Knrt lianvlf y. 25 milea up the Fr<>z*r, nnder dtte May 35th. that be bad Jut oomo ■Inwi frnxn Port Tale— the looall'y abire pnken of— where he foond 60 men andSOi) Iiiili^'ia with *heir aqnnw*. at wnrk on a 'ba''nf ahnut 800 yard* in length, oaUed 'Hllll tlrt'.' I miln below Fort Ta'e, and 1^ from Fnrt ITnpe, all trar who had been to Frazer River snid that there was plenty of |;<>Id to be had there, and advised diggers in San Francisco not to be in a hurry as the gold will last for years. As the summer came, scores of successful diggers came down from Hritish Columbia to San Francisco with their bags of gold, the results of a few days' labour. The sight of so many bngR ol cold made the Californians look out, and ere longamsb was mnde for the field of gold. The following from The Timei corrcspondrnt is well worth attention: — "From "*■< Fr«nelao-> Ittelf a great many have gone, and man art going. Oommoo laboiiroia, lirlrklaven, carpanten. printer*, jtiilnet mqkeri, *>'.,— in ihort, all tha mi^:h*ni.'»l art are alreaiy rrpre«en'*d in V moouvn't Island. Other dttie'i goat wall; Infnct tliciiHJor portion whoaa io'er-a-i can pe'mit are going People team to hava eudiloniT r.iiiieto the oonoluaion th^ttitia their fttetogo. 'Oitngto Franri Bivarf •Te'loh.ofourae. Imuttgn ' •Vnug-i"g?' 'Tet. Hi' ; I'm bound to go,' Mom ami TOO pom »Nr» K'>KET0OItlCBT0OO. NoNBTOOTOCKO AKS NONBTOO OLD T0CK>;— Evg-N Tit It i>r>-»EriT OO." Such are a few, — and a very few — instances of the rapid V / .»■ / f i^Mita jjjMij. I I., mi 13. xvealih accumulated by the diggeri. The ruth of the minen from San Francinco is lescribed \>y anreyewitoeii who weot down to the wharf and o \ board to see the •iffht," compl.ro.nt i. Bon .ud Uia wouiU not I* cinfix-.*!,!. •ttb niotT Ih5.?#>i ■ "!!? ?»? bii« took t-v^U; i600 ••t leait.' it u comiuonlf iwd." > '" *"« »«• Even tlie proprietor of the San Franciscan TVw*. « journel of great reepectability, started for the digging with hi» cradle to his buck, "to judge for myneir' as he said. On arrival at A ictorm, a Frencljm«n was met with 271b«. of gold with him which he had takeo from the lail. ' ' I I fi t^ •' ^^^^^s^ tmmm .1^ t 14. CHAPTER III. FACTS FOR OOLD DIGGERS. \K% Imvc given sufKcient pnrttculnrB of the gold fields in 1858, to nhe\T that there is nctually n field open for the employment of thousand*, and tcni of thouiandi of hands ; and we shall now convince the incredulous that there ii gold enough left in Bntish Columbia to pay the digger for tearching for it till the next century. The years '59, '60 came and went, and with them also flowed the tide of emigration from the United States and Europe, but t-o many returned to San Francisco with their fortunes made, that the diggers had not greatly increased in number iu the colony. 1861, however, was the year of gold digging. A region more in the interior wa» discovered to be one field of gold, and the rush from the other diggings to this one was great in con. sequence. In fact, nearly nil the gold found in British Columbia in 1861 was from this new land of promise; and which in the longuagc of an eye-witness "is destined to attract the notice of the world to a degree hitherto not accorded to the country in the aggregate." This newly v^ mmmimmmiim^. Xfr 16. riiMH Ciiriboo diggings. He need not fsar ofrrrr getting there, for ha cao dig grid nlong the banki of the river, aa he prrice*dt toward* Cariboo, tbu«.compentDting for idle tioia. At Inat ha arrive! at Cariboo, and commencca biiiineaa on hia own account) in partnerkhip (or companr, na there called) with oca or two othera ; or engages himaclf fo n miner to oiaiit him !n di^jpljig, for which he can obtain from £ 1 to £ 1 1 '2t, per day tvilh ralioni, and there ia nhvnya a demand for men of this data. If he diga for himfclf he had better take out a mining licenae, which coita £1, and with thia the miner can claim the i>rotcrtion of the law to vindicate hia rights of property to hi» pround. It is the best thing a digirer can ^^o to talil« i nf lh«><>««tl'|r ut III* will nr lauhiu ohich •*• iHiil lai rvmUf lh« i'? •<>■■•• I Miail •!.« •tin viiiWtnlit ('•rINaiiMI f«M That fiiiiii'i Ilia int«n>il]r iif iha unlit ••' nim li l««« •haii In iha ('*iia>a«r aiiil ilft, 1ba iii.i iiig •a» Ct't- liri ai pia>»iit; liul whan aiiHiaiiiiiiilatiKii' Inraaav, anil Iha Biluara Iwilii III luiiUt I Iha liiiilia aiiil liilla r>r gnnl a. Conipaniea of minere were getting t\Q tj £*2U a dny f-ncli by di^'gin^ ulung the river, nnd another miner {,'ot more than £.'!U0 wuithofgold out of two cr«.'vicet in the ruck ubout three feet down. Governor Doiii;las rrportt at fullowa . — "Stcele'a company contistLd of five purtueia, of which Mr. Steele, an American, was one. Their cluim waa on William'* Creek (Cariboo, of coursi-)' In the aummer they sawed the lumber tliemaelves aud made tiieir own rluicea. Their claim did not proapect at good 08 mnny other claima. Nevertheleat, they went at it with u will ; made nothing the first three days; persevered, and the fuurtb day made 4uz. ; the fifth day, lOoz. ; and the tixlb day, •11 oz. From thut time, aft^r the sixth day's work, whei* the I (.turn rote lo 4]oz. a day, it kept increasmg, until it reached 3S7oz. a day ; and the last day's work yielded a return of 409oz. 1 he five partners employed "four hired hands" to assist them to clear awny the tailings. The claim was one of the most difticult to work, as it required 8 feet to IS feet of top.strippin^ of suporiiscumbeat eortb ^vLich covered the aurifcrou; stratum, T^jiH }9oz. them j If. or "p^V Jl't." Tlii« htter wan mmpo^ril of • blue city, lii frtt thirk. mixed with i;riivrl niul cli'compoicd »|iit«. Th« wl)ol« nra.i of (lif> mine wnikfil uiKotily ^(1 frrl lij 25 f«tt, nnd lilt yield ■mniiritrd to l(>.V()()0 dula , «qual lo £31,675. That ao mucli gold wita dug out of au vmnlt a apact M 8U fctt liy 'ii feet, ia a prr;;nAi)t fact. It provra ttmt the weattli buried ill thia remote region lira conrentrated in mnaart tliick and plfiitiful, wliich i^ corrotioratfld by l|i<« ibortneia of the period of labour — not ovur two mnntba' actuul work. 'I'bia ia a abort period to have riiriird £jl,873 in.ceilainly, yet iheeiuheranc* of tlio gold of three tiiinrn la more cirntiv drmon»lrated by the rapidity of the accumiiluticui. I khull ttiow thia reault mora clearly by cotive'tint; Mr. Strde'i (rold ouncca iiito American currency. I'hc prodiire of the labour of tho firat day that the claim yielded an) thing \vn« C8 doU. ; tluit of the next day, 1 70 di'ls. ; of tho fullowintf dny, (jf)7 dola. ; and ao nn, Inoreaaitig ui'til it reached tho aalounding auin ol 6,479 dola. in a day ( and culicinnted io « "return" uf 6,053 dull, on tho "laat day's work." '1 he extent of cnurlry known to contain gold la enormoua, —nnd yol but h tweniieih p"rt Ima bei-n explored — leaviiij a mighty field open for tboHr vfio hnve yet to dig there. Let ua coinmenre with FroZri Kivcr. Thia tiver ia known to be fruitful with gold froin i.fir itn source in tho Uocky Moun'nina to about 50 milea from ita mouth, — not much lefta than 1,000 milea in length, 'lie amAll river*, or iitreams, thnt fnll into the Fruzor, are all gold-producing; and there ore no Icia thnn 60 of thene tributaries of the Fmzer ! Take their average length at 50 milea each, we have 3,000 miles mute of gold country. Thia ia a very email computation, fur some of the rivera are muny hundred milea in linu'ih, ond tlicv, tlicmelvis, arc fed by pcores of other atrenmx. In fict, BritiKli Columbia niny be auid tj be divided into two parts, one con'si>ting of wotcr and the other of land. The wuter in known to be imprcgnatrd through* out witit gold, and the baiika of the livers iirc nothing Icoa than immenae gold "burs." Independently of the rivera, the land itself ia one glgantic'gold-fit-ld, tn be worked when the rivera shall prove barren. The correspondenl of The Timet wiites from Victoria, thht— "UtitidM thi- (Old ftiuril In the b«di and nn (h« nhnrM of th«w f*rcmBi, th* ft'wm Itwlf, •nil tuAiy of IU,tribuUrie4, are nkiitcd or Iwrdtird \'f icrriuw, all if •bicb yivid goid il-o. TLfw t«rrM<«, or "iHUCbe ." m tU« niiuer* c^l tLim, luo, M lotcr^ vail*, kloiig liolb aiilei! of tliilie)>, Taiyiigrnm a hm acraa lo a fe« milci lU br«itdlb, Tbiy ar« ul jacti •( curuaiU aoJ titccuutiuu, aiid udd niuoh "U i II tmmmmm \ i . .-^sBISXUt^ ' - * MMM 18. to the tciuty of tUe luJe fctret Id wUlcb thry cccur, from ibe rfiuUrilT tod cTfB' tiefi of thrlr ftiucture, lh«y geieralf occur on both tldei of th* nT»r (oppoMta to cncb other) ftt tije B.tme place, tometlmet ut tbo sanje rlerationi oo bo*b lian, aow timeuat dirTiDl deTBtiuni'— blgb uu ibia. riid lur- tu ibi> other tide d kffurd to lote all the "fine dust," and to be latiflBad with the "lumpa." "It bappuntry ; while there are ineibauatible luj plieh in the rumetoua lakea disperred all over the u[per distiict, Tiaber, for the eieitiro of "fluiLca," la •ISO abundant evenwhete. "Bntieb Columbia is better fuppllrd with water for mlnir r inrioaea, obtainable both from Btresms at great elrvatious, hnd from lakea >iiuiitf wattr and ita eligilility, tnOLaraging frets to the miner, becaure the rmall outlay of capital required aill ke« • bla "wato «Dea" low. "AlthcjDgh now neglected, tbe "benches" will Ye apprrciated and rome Intoplay Wb^n tbe i fflorercpnie of gold near tbe twfacp kI ali have leen citausled. WlHn (hi', bappeiia they will rupply wealth and a pn Stable living to a mixed populatioo of tnineis, ditchownere, tiadirs, and labourers, aijd thi>t fcr a Irng period of time, of which no one can compute the Lumbers of the one nor the duration of tbe other." The "bench" diggicgs form but a email portioa of auriferous country in the colony, compared with another tract of gold, yielding country that still remains to be worked. This is a range of mountains which run from the southern frontier (on lat. 49, north) in a north-westerly direction through the colony ; the mountains in many parts being very lofty. This rtnge runs nearly parallel to the Rocky Mountains, ai d is named th» Snowy, I he Bald, and the Peak Mountains fron the idea that it ift three distinct ranires, and not one connecting chain like the Rocky Mountains. From the United States' terriiory on tbe south, these mountains follow in a north> westerly di ecticn (between Frazer River and the Hocky Mountains) through the • whole of British Columbia, extendir.g into the Indian territory of Stikecn, to the east of the Ruasian possessions on the Pacific, and is the longest stretch of continuous inland gold yielding country yet discovered in the world. Gold has been traced for 4(J0 miles), and fine and coarse gold is everywhere found on the wectern elopes of the mountains, from Rock Creek in the south to Cariboo in the north ; and he lichest gold-spot in the colony (Cariboo) is along this very range of mountains ! An idea may be formed of the immense extent of auriferous country in this colony from the fact that gold has been found in more or lees b I ± •rfHtta id. t)iiant!tifcs"in all parts. Another fact lends one to believe thnl the greatest pold fifild in firitish Columhia— aye, in the world-' has yet to he discovered. It is known that this cliniii of mountains forms the water-shed of the ^reat basin of the Frazer River, one side of which drains itself into the valley of the Frazer, and the other into that of the Columbia. It is believed that these mountains will give an inexhaustible supply of gold for apes when they come to be efficiently worked by tunnellio^, and (r'lve employment lo thousands of hands. The following letter has been received from British Columbia. Alluding to the cold discoveries, the writer says :— niu^Z V'^o'her To-n ii at AnttPT, and wri^P8 me th*t r*riboo U fM beyonil wbkl SoVL^? T *^ '" ^'"^ *-"'*^- ^^^ f^"" e »' Antler and other crMki are *n a great .t«,?.I.t"' ""'"'• «n.' pfoBpectl)g partiei are out in all direoMona. When a party »,W„i!i2^ °° *'"»"«? of digJOVHfF, niHrchants agree to furiiiBh th - forvt free of obarie. h^n« „ an >"»«'Mt In th#. ol»im«. when fo.in 1. it gi»en them. H. Robinson li her*. Ha rr^^i. ZiX ac^ount'/fom Antler, in which he hw one of the rlohe-t cblmi. .rin xrlui^J^'A^ l"^*'??,!?' "."y- ""' " prospect of a .nvcreign in one »ho»elful of dirt. wiii^ums (,reelf i« Btill the riiihest aimne the m»n» rich 'treams in Cariboo. »teele and uo. have be*>ep thp celenratwi Abbott, c aim. havinn washed up no If «« than Q27 nnnoatof iZI'P I'^f "-^y. \bTe>^ taen throwing into .luice». £).Oni hae bwn nff.-red «nd refused lor two in terevfl in thin cnmnanv. the mem>wrii of which will protiaMv realiie £ 0. "00 a^oh. r^S^n'r?^ l!^ ,'■ """^ V* """^^ ,""'■ «'-'> bench digflngB hare allumhlit; rrccnt kc:iudU |i'«o<> tb * >>efuuil a tl> uhl. M>uiy nirn are Biakiog 100 <1oin. pvr lUy, HU'l iir't a (ew lifive plckfU up ICO nut cci In the itinie rpAM of time, NumheM irbn let'. Vjc'orit peuuiliHi aie low worh from 1,000 tu lO.OOi dob., tba r<'8ult nf one ■iimiiPr'i labour, 'rhiwu who bud not luck eriough to gnt good claima of their own, nValne I p'eu*j of einplnymeot •t from 10 dots, to SU dole, per dar. Want 14 uuknowii, proTiPinn' are pl^ntilul, and hardiib pa ire amOLg the tbliigi of 'ha iiast. Acc'irilini! ro all kccuudM, th>' g >ld niuit have Ix-ea taken out by ■i.kdefula. Think "f 100 ilols. to the pan— Lot a funcjr, bui a reality! Minen think that richer •*iRk;ii)e« ar>- yi't to he diwoverpd. All the metal ii co>r>e. Anil in smaii uuggata-iay, from 10 to 20 do lar plecw. The laig^it tump yet found welgha Tib." In November last, Victoria was full of rich iiiinere, many of them worth from 15,000 to 2O,0U0 dollars each, and none north Itss than 2,000 to 5,«.>J0 dollars, and had made these sums at Cariboo durin^r the summer months. Two men were seen with bags containing 60,000 dollars in gold-dust, the produce of their summer's work. A shoemaker made £ 1,500 io the season, and two fishermen £10,800 between them. CompaiiieB of three to six men, working with improved mining apparatus, frequently took out from £iu0 to £•500 worth of gold per day. Cariboo (unlike California or Australia, where the yield was uncertain) will pay any person richly to work there ! ^ -mmmmm ■MM mmm mm Uk, .iMMMriliki i^- MMn i^aammm 21, 1 M of BriUiih ) niakiog 100 kce of time. OJ (loll., tba good clkiiua DW. per d*r> tbtuga of ' he if »ivitf»\». : that riober uuggdU- ear, , many of )ne n orth ! Bums at seen with troduce of io the lompaiiies ipparatus, d per dar. the yield ere! <• CHAPTER IV. LIFE AT THE DIGGINGS. There is something so strange always at gold diggings that it requires more than ordinary lUeratcur to describe it. You meet there men of all classes ; some of the greatest vagabonds in creation, and the innocent broken-down gentlemen make it no difference to work together, but too generally the latter are the dupes of the fo: ^er. Let it, therefore be impressed on the minds of those contemplating going to the diggings to avoid having anything to do with men they have no knowledge of, or whose character they know to be bad. This is frequently not looked after till too late, and then the labour of the duped has been in vain, — his partner makes off with the gold, and be is left to fight the battle ot life by himself. Such instances were known in Australia, in California, and to this day they are practised in British Columbia. Another party you will meet at the diggings who are never afraid of such occurrences. They are in partnership the same, but their partner Is a man of good character, — a man who went there to work with, and not rob, his brother. Parties who succeed like this generally pick up with partners before they leave England, and then they know who they are working with. Instances are known at the diggings ol neighbours from the mother country having left together, dug together, and accumu- lated a fortune together. If the emigrant thinks of going in partnership at the diggings he had better follow this advice, or he may have cause to regret it in time to come. One cause why diggers generally don't make such fortunes as they expected is because they are too fond of the gammg table. This is a curse to the gold diggers, and it is very painful to uotice the aiuouot ot gold nuggcta or dust that is daily lost MINVHMI^ S2. 1 liy ll cpe means at \lie difjgings in British Columbin. Peisnna tl'«t liave been tliere can tofrtify to thit. Some will say "Itg 1)11 very well to sny tlii?, hut the Higgera don't lose nnything the niaelvt^s." But the diggers do lose their gold In tliio manner ; there sire certain parties Ht the digginga who reap golden fortunes by keeping gaming tables,— they don't do anything ilse but "accommodate" diggers as they call it. This sort of "accommodation" is a luxury to many of the diggers, but an expensive one. If the diguer intends to "ptand" it costs him several pounds for a buttle of brandy, and the sort of spirits Nold tliere is not likely to niake you ornnk very quick. £500 is a rcHsonabie sum for n eambler to spend in drink alone in a yeai atthise diggings, while many expend two or three thou- sand pound:< in the same time. If you go to British Columbia make up your minu to put your back to the gaming table, — discard it from your thoughts, — or you will find it much better to live in England, with l.er over crowded population. Another word of advice to the emigrant. Let him be as temperate as he can. for drunkenness is a vice well known to the gold diggings. Where drunkenness is found gambling is sure to follow, EC that the digger to abstain from one must abandon the other. Don't Itt the reader suppose that a glass of brandy will make a digger find the gold faster or in greater quantity, than by taking a cup of water instead. Many jjerpons go to gold diggings with the intention of making a fortune, — and how many of them leave without accomplishing the object of their desire? And why is it? They do net fail to realize sufHcient wealth to enable them to ))a6s the remainder of their days in quiet, but when they get the gold in their pockets thoy 8«"em to be overburthened with it, and they squander it to waste. To these advice is almost needless. There is another class who turn away from the workshops tiT iiweu fields of England tu any El Dorado that springs up ; j.iid thet-e are the men that peneially make the best of it. They ^0 with the intention cf mukiiig a fortune, likewise ; but then there is a great difference between the two. While the former ypr-nds to-night what he gained to-day, the latter saves up the lesult of his hard labour, and rhinks a little proud of himself V hen he can conirnand half-a-dozen ounces of gold of his own. 'J here is certainly a mighty difference in the two. 'iliC M/Aii who bluuid go to JBiitish Columbia, is the one that i^M«PI mimmmif^K^ ^1. m^ J. 23. knows how to handle n spade without its grilling hi<« ho \x\. He should not he too proud to go partner with a common h.l.ourer. If of a good character, for rank makes no diffcrci.ce there, i hey don t Squire.this body and that, and there ..ro no Duken 01 Uowndeny or Lords Topheavy to preside at anv |)iil)lio meetings, or to be saluted by their tenants. They allwork in Kiitish Columbia ; even the little children considor it piond to do 80.— and this is why our colonv h^.s prospered m) well. 1 here are some idle hands there ; thev are callod idle b.'cnuMj they don't work above a couple of hours a-dny, and make it a rule to be drunk the remainder. Every man is his own hn.dlord, and there are no fears of heavy «rreais of rant, to either lundluid or tenant. This nnkes a wonderful difference,-it puts a cheerful appearance to every thinsr connected with tho diyirinffs. The man who says -This land I stand on is my own, and this hut that shelters me is my ovm." is a much haj.pior man than his fellow beings in England, who has his heavy runt to pay at the pleasure of a cruel landlord. So thai life at the diggings IS more pleasure to the actual labourer than is iicnerallv thought or believed in England. One thing has yet to be mentioned in connection with the gold diggings of this colony, and that is the icarctVy of women. Ihe emigrant from Europe will be greatly surpris.-.! to find himself among a class of individuals that know not the value of better halves or to whom the definition of "sweethenrf is us new as to read to them the names of some great Roman. .intors. ft.!uJ'^.''^^y accounts for the gambling and drunkenness that the diggings are plagued with. If every man, or say every other man was provided with a wife, or sweetheart, orni^ter, he would hnd in their company much greater pleaMire than by associating with groups of Californian miners whose poli.y is to become the dupes of the clever "Jews" of the digginL's-'hoso men that keep the gaming tables, and the pipe nn.l glass. Sucl. IS the situation of the diggers, and it is not likely to b^ rem.'died, for most men turn there to dig their foriunes. and to think of ak.ng women with them.— tl.ey consider it as bad as lu cany the Pyramids to their backs. IVi.?"^ '"""'^ °^ °^.'''f ^° '"'''"^"' especially slrg!e, of Knt.h.nd. Make up your minds to go to British Columbia (or th. re are chances m that colony of making youiselvrs happy the f.M of Jo«er in station than yoursdf.-for .hose diggers pave thr ro.U / MMMMM *M^i -^ 24. to fortiinp, and rirc hard working, induptrloiis men, generally. As before said, there are Rome "rough«," hut the young woman must he very unfortunate if ehe pick; out the black eheep from the fluck. If you choose to remain singlr, to eojoy the blessings of being an old maid, you need not fear of keeping your carriage and pair, and living in Piccadilly or Hyde Park Corner on your return to Kngland. Any woman, take tier from what quarter you like, from St. Gi''^8 to Gulway, or from John O'GroatB to Land's End,— yes any woman, whether "bliod, lame, or comfortless," as the rhyme eays, is hnund to make her fortune there, if industrious She can get lis. per dozen for washing clothes, or hnlf.n-crown for cleaning her roBster'a boot?, or if she likes housekeeping better than the washtub or Mftcking-pot, she will hHve Hcores of applicants to engage her Ht wages !ialf-a-dozen timea as high us ^he was getting in England. For men there is an open field with no favour. For women there is an open field full of fuvours. Let the women of Kngland think of this. It is a fact that there is but one woman to every hundred men, or ten to every thousand in British Columbia. Some will say that it is no plnce for women at llic gold dig- ginps. It is tlic verj' place for them to go iftliey like it, for they would create as much astonii'hment to the diggers as the visit of a clergyman to the iiaunts of St. Giles, with the certiiitity of doing more good. The diggers respect women nuTe tl.an their fellow beings in England, — they consider them their pHrtners in life, not their tools. If they have no desire to go to »he diggings, — and they are "great flats" if thev don't, — tl'*'y will find plenty of employment at Victoria in Vancouver Isliind, or !il New Westminster with jnst as good prospects. It is eonnuoiily said in EngUnd that to he a gold digger and a cold finder requires a strong arm and a quick eye. This is a great inistHke, for the work i? principally done with the spade, and any perecn who knows how to turn up an onion bed will be Bl>le to turn up a gold bed in Britisli Columbia. It is the willing heart, not the muscular arm that docs it. As to finding it, why a week's jractice will tell you what foil is rich in gold ririiot. und you will find the nuggets as easy as picking up Btonef ill juui hchooldays. > :;! 25. CHAPTER V. ARTICLES IS DISPENSABLE 70 THE EmCRANT ;;Take as little i. good, as pol^n': r^oZ^Z^^j;^; ^Te lllu ;;.^'^'C.''^" ""^'^["^ ^'- -f'- '- "hall have the emi ' aTt'on thll ' «°'"V^'"»' ^^^* "'•° indispensable to me emigrant on the voyage, such as his outfit. U ihj emi-rant takes the Cape» Horn route he will hav,. tr. suit, with a cap to match, and a suit of li-ht clothini? »IZ » an outfit recommended by the government • ^' "''' Single Man's Outfit. 1 heavcrteen jacket (warm lined) 1 ditto waistcoat, with sleeves 1 ditto trousers (warm lined) 1 duck ditto 1 coloured drill jacket 1 ditto trousers 1 ditto waistcoat 1 pilot overcoat or jacket, or, 1 waterproof coat 2 blue serge shirts, or Jersc) frocks 1 felt hat 1 Brazil straw hat 6 blue-striped cotton shirts 1 pair of boots 1 pair of shoes 4 handkerchiefs 4 pairs worsted Lose 2 pairs cotton hose 1 pair braces 4 towels Razor, shaving-brush, & glasi SiNOLI 1 warm cloak, with caps 2 bonnets 1 small shawl 1 stuf dress 2 print ditto 6 shifts 2 flannel petticoats 1 stuflF ditto 2 twill cotton ditto I pair of stavs Woman's Outfit ' 3 caps 4 handkerchiefs 2 net ditto, for neck 4 nightcaps 4 sleeping jackets 2 black worsted host 4 cotton hose I pair of shoes 1 pair of boots 6 towels mmm se. Mill lied coiiplcB arc also to provide thcinirlvcs wllli tlie nbov* Hfticlci. Tlie following articles are uIy. conscious that |,c i> leaving tl.c woikliuubc fat mr^mmm I » 28. lichiiiJ, and ncaritig a luvdy country llitt is «\ai(ir)g for him to give up iti precious ore. ncfore you go, call on Messrs. Newton, WlUon & Co, 144, High llolborn, London, W.C , and inspect their patent sewing machines. Thcte scvvinp mactiines Mill be found invaluable ia the colony, for the cost of labour is so cxccbxively high, that any one with one of these muchincs «ill be as likely to make • foituiie as il he went gold digging. The machine, complete for £12 12r, is completely cncluHcd, with all necessory implements, in a work''m z_ I \ Vv ( .' 29. CHAPTER VI. nnVTESi TO liltlTlSIl COLUMBIA. Tinnr, are four wayn of petting to Britiith Columbia : Hy ihf Wcit India tnuil »ltamcr to Colon ; thence, acroM the luhmui (48 niilei) by railwoy, to I'ttnoma; and tbenct by thv Pacific line of ntcaniers to Victoria, Vancouver liland. Via New York to Colon, by ttcomcrs ; and thence acrou the htlimun at.d to VictoriR, at in the former. Hound Cape Horn, In lailing vcbicIb («tcamcr» occailonally), to Victoria. To Portland or New York, through the United Statea or Canoda, via the Rocky Mountaini, to Frazer Kiver. iuY Panama Route haa the advantage over all others in the time the emigrant savf • in getting there. With the viev of accommodutiiig the grcally-incieaacd pai> longer trafTic to California and Brilieh Columbia, and to enaure a certainly of transit without ri»k of a long and dangcroua detention on the way. Mcbsih. Wheotley, Starr & Co., 156, Chcnpside, London, and MtB«rB. Stuvcley & Starr, 9, Chapel •trcct, Liverpool, itsuc "T/iro«gh Tiekeh" to San Francisco, by the Royal (West Indii) Mail Steam Packet Company, the Panama Hailroat' Company, and the Pacific United Statcu Mail Steam Ship Company, at the following rates of f»re : Southau pton to San Francisco— FirBt class, £65, ^upwards, according to positiou .f cabin ; second class, £49 ; third clasi, £35 ; female servants, Jt <0 lOs; male servants, £35. Children under twelve years half price, under six yeara quarter price, o single child in arms to each family free. Large and splendid stenmers of great size and power have been j)Iaced on the lino, hy which the length of passage to San Francisco has been reduced to about 35 days. On their arrival ut Aspinwall (Colon) passengerb vvih 'Ihrough Tickets are conveyed across the Isthmus in first class railway carriages in four hours. The steamers leave Southampton on the 2nd and 17th of each month (unless these dates fall on a Sunday, then on the following diiy), and paescngers by them ariive at the Isthmus about nineteen days tfter having England. The Ktcamcr leaving Southampton en the 17th of the month offers most advantages to passengers, as t^he is due at Colon on the 7ihoflhc following month, tlic >'i.ie of the departure from Panama being the 9ih idem. J y mmm^ 30. Uedtliit^ and utlii-r iiffcrivtrivi Lciiig |iro\ idcd I y (La itfliincri, tlie paitengcri ore navrd the expcnde of oulflt*. 7 he rations Mre on the inoit bouuteoue icili'i and the ituomcre are perfect Hunting pnlacm. Any prrton ran ifet to Victoria ))y thii route at from £45 to £.W, and in half the lime than if lie went round Cape Horn. IStranirrR run from San Fronrifco to Virtorin about every ten dnya at priient, hut probably tliia lummrr will aee ttenmera running two or three timet a week, lu there will be no delay. Viafstxo York. — Melon. Eivea & Macey, 61, King William atiret, London, arc agcnti for o line uf Htcnmera from Liverpool to Snn Fiancifco, via New Yoil<, AipinwuU and Pannmn. at £28 ISp. Capi Horn Route. Mr. JnnicB Storkey, 7, India BuiMlnga, I iverpooI,diipatchci ■ume rrnrarkubly fine clipper* to liritiih Columbia, at very n)0(lcrate farcn. lie ityleu his clipi'cra "TAe Cariboo Line." Misors. Wilson & ("hamhrr, 21, Water. Bircet, Liverpool, are about to run tionie of the {aun,\iB"Whi/t «S'/flr"IinirB lo Victoria. Mcgrrs. LindHty & Co., Austin Frinr!, Lor.don, \vi)l dispatch the fniit Btrnmcr hy thia route, in May. The "London Line of Pachct Shipf" via Cf.pe Horn, will be found the most convenient route for all to whom economy or comfort on the voyage are of more importance than the laviiig of a ftw neeks in the length of paiftnge. The vctseln of thia line are apcciiilly eeltctcd with a view to their fast nailing quHliticR, as well ns to the comfortable accommodation of all cloBsea of paisengciR. and niay be confidently expected to complete the vo)Bge in four or five months, landing the eniigrant ut Victoria, without Ihc prohuble danger to health, ond certain expense attendant upon the changes and frequent delays of the Panama routes. The fares by this line are 50 guineas, 35 ; guioeup. and lo guineas, for firbt, second, and third CLbin < respectivch , including a most liberal pcale of diet. Applicationai for passage or further inforniolion shoiiUl he made !o the Brokers, 1 Mcs6r^. Filby & Co., 63, Ir'cnchurch street, Lrnt'on, or Mr., CharlcB Oswald, George Yard, Lombard-street, London. Cost of going this route, about £35 ; time, ali ut 5 months. : OvtRLAND RtUTE. • When in Canada <'r United Stalcp. via Detroit, Chicajjo, La Croste, St. Paul, Pmihina und Ait^iniboine. Dimper from L.dinn!>, ui.lcts with a ^tlollg CFccit. Ccet, tboul £40. • 31. rfiEFl'L "OS DFTS' Pnnvi^loMM in nriliih Colnmliia nro very denr, hut in V'uncnu* vcr If1un(! they are morfl rrif^onitltlv IhKn in Kiiglnnd, tlirrc hiint^ no (luti4i on ti'n, cofTc*, nui^Dr, ipirim, dr. Flour in Novctiiher lanf, at Cariboo, was at Hoc. (It. 7(1.) per lit. ; bacon 75c. (3t. l^il.); beanii, 4()c. (U. 8J.) I tt^n, 1 itolUr AOo. (C*. 3(J.) : tugnr and cotFce, 7Gc. per lb. JSiiiglu mcnia at th« rtxtaurant't, contlating of b<>iin^ and bacon and a cup of bad cofTcP, coat two dullarn (8i. M.), A corroapondent of one of tlio ncwkpanfra in Victorin, writin;^ from Cariboo at (hit tim«, •nya :— A tin pan (worth 3il.) lold fur 8 dollarn (1*1 \'2: 9d.)( picka and aho^'ctt, G duliarn cnrb ; ditto, with handlea, j.«., ■hovoli, 7 dollara Mc. each (£1 4«. Gd. and £1 lOa. 6d.). Wafihing waa cli.irgcd for at fi dollars a dozen pivcea (£1 An. 6d.) The rockor ia simply a wooden crndle, vci j much resembling a cliild'a cradle, exce|)t that the back rocker is higher than the front one, forming, as intended, an inclined plitiio at the bottom, across which two or three wooden cleeia are nailed a foot apart. Over the head of the ( radio is a grating or tin plate perforated with holes, and on thia the earth and water is thrown ; tht cradle being then rocked by a lonjj handle nt the side. Tht water and mud run out at (he foot, while the gold lodgea on the bottom beneath the elects. The rockerfl are constructod of several sizes. Some arc amull and tendeil by one man only, vho first digs the earth, then carries it to the rocker, and with one hand keeps it rocking, and ^^ith the other he poura in water from the btrcam with a tin pan. Other rockcis require three and some four men to keep them continually at work. Generally they allow the gold to remain nt the bottom till the close of their day's labour, and then one and all gather close to tlic machine to see if any gold "shines" there. These rockera being constructed of wood, arc very light, easily taken lo piccei or repaired, and can be worked on any ground. As to taking out a cradle from Knjrland, the emigrant ia advised against it. Cradles are but little cheaper in England than in California, and by the time he arrives at Victoria, be will find plenty of machines for gold diLra'ing purposes in that city, brought from San Francisco. Wliy, the carriage of such an article would make more than the difFerencc in the price, and then the emigrant has all the trou1)le of looking after it ori the voyage. The cradles made in California art of tlic most modern iuventiona. atmot^m JL HtM LONDON LINE OF PACKET SHIPS. Gold Fields of British Columbia, To follow the "LOCKETT," aud Sail In April. DIRECT FOR VICTORIA, VA^'COUVER'S ISLAND, TIIR fiPLKNOID V8W CLIPPBR SBIP CYCLONE, Al , J. HOSSACK, COMMANDBR. .'•04 Tons Register, looo Tons Burthen. LO.\DlNG IN THE LONDO.V DOCKS. WILL CARRY AN EXPER.riNCED SURGEON. This Ship, hnviriR a fine Poop, offers an ex' ellent opporiuni'y f.ir First Cahin Passenger'), while her lofty and well-venlilated 'tween Decks will afford most comfortable Accommodation for Second and Third Class. FABE8: FIRST CAHIV . - 50 Guineas and upwards, according to accommudation. SECOND CABIN • 36 Onlneas, enclosed Cabins. THIRD CABIN - - 25 Golneas, ditto. Children under 12 tjears ofagf to pa;/ one fir.lf t'nssage Money. In/ants unier \ yea" no charg.: For Frclcht or Passaee apply to Mss«r.s, HENDERSON & BURNAUY, i;, Gracpchurcli Street . to Messrs .TAMES THO.MSON & CO., Billitcr Court, E C. j to CHAHLKS OSWALD, 13, George Yard, Lombard Street, E.C.; or to FILBY & CO., 63, Fenchu'ch Street, E.C. T/lf CYCLOXE will he followed at short intervals by equally "ne Passenger Ships, The Route by Cape Horn Is the cheapest and most comfortuble. Once on board the Vessel there is no further trouble or e;tpense until landcu at Victoria i thus the delay that often takes place at New York, Panama, and ^an Francisco, and heavy expense consequent thereupon, which all who go by way of Panama are subject to, U avoided ; and the Passenger, having piid his Passage Money, knows the extent of bis liability. GREAT CENTRAL DEPOT, 144, HIGil HOLBORN, W.C. Branch Depots,— Edinburgh, Glasgow, Dublin, Lr.Ms, Manchester; acd Crystal Palace. SEWING MACHINES. No Emigrant should think of goinfjoutto CARIBOOorany other Colony without the means of making, if nccessarv, his owt tent, his own bedding, and his own clothiML'. He c^n only do this effcct'ialiy with one of NEWTON, WILSON, a Co.s PATENT SEWING MACHINES. These are prepared specially for the purpose, being strong, simple, durable, and compact Anybody can work them without instruction, and they will never get out of order. The Machine is completely enclosed, with all necessary implements, in a work box form, occupies Ivi-s than a cubic foot, so that it is perfectly portable, and it requires no fixing. Ic will do every description of work, from the finest to the coarsest. Prick, complete, jtfia iM. Patterns of the diffcreiit kinds of sewine done by this Machine, with Illustrate.l Price List, sent post free from NEWTON, WILSON & Co.'S Grbat Ce.ntrai DitroT, lit, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDO.V. •rmv^mmm o m^m^i^i^ I ^ ■■ M^twtwM T SHIPS. tnbia. s. tuni'y for First >en Decks will 'hird Class. accommudatton. Infants tinier nuRNAUV, ir, iter Court, E C. i or to FILBY ft ^assenger Sliipi. Once on board f ctjria ; thus the , isco, and heavy ' a are subject to, ]. lows the extent • ; ORN. W.C. lanchester; acd Palace. 5. Colony without >cddin|;, and liis rON, WILSON, lie. durable, and get out of order, lents, ill a work portable, and it he finest to the with Illustrated BBAT CE.VrRAl Gold Fields of British Columbia. CARIBOO LINE. AGENTS-EIVES & MACEY, 61, KING WILLIAM STREET, LONDON BRIDGE. i. •^ tfii m mm ma mm ''^nmmitmmtn mm* * '' '■ m «*•..»»- . ^ o -' - •- - MM— M— ^iromotion of comfort, ia found minutely described in these pages. It is a praiseworthy contribution to the knowledge of common things." — Weekly Timet. LONDON : W. KENT & CO., 51 & 52, PATERNOSTER ROW. AND BY ALL B00E6ELLER8. lA; nm. •om; tee iVANis; WITH cience. Ttainly bo household nal, lion in all , but also nd many lined in a neet with ling, from i, or that )mfort, is •n to the . BANK OF DEPOSIT, ESTABLISHED A.D. 1844, * 3, PALL MALL EAST, LONDON. Parties desirous of Investing Monkt are requested to examine tlie Plan of The Banx of Deposit, b^' \\bich a high rate of interest may be obtained with perfect security. The Interest is payable in January and July. PETER MORRISON, Managing Director. Forms for opening Accounts sent free on application. WHITMORE AND CRADSOCKS MONTHLT NEXT TARIFF OF HOUSEHOLD STORES. IilICE'S PATENT COMPOSITE CANDLES, Od., lOd., and lid. per lb.; Patent Belmontine, 2s. 2d.; Ceylon Wax, Is. OJ.; Belmont Sperm, Is. Id.; Trans- parent Wax, Is. Gd. to 2s. 2d.; Lamp Candles, 'j\i. and lOd.; Tallow Moulds, 8d.; Dips, G>d. and 7d. THF FINEST COLZA OIL, 4s. J. and 4s. Od. per gall.; Sperm, 8«. "E. W SOAPS (pure), 403., 41s., 408., and 48s. per 112 lbs.; Mottled, 443. dilt' '■ .own Windsor, Is. 9d.; Common, Is,; Honey Soap (City Tablets), Is. aui lo. dd. ; the purest Glycerine Soap, Gd., Is., Is. Od., and 2s. per box for winter use.— For ready money. ^^'HITMORE and CRADDOCK; the CITY DEPOT for PRICE'S CANDLES, 10, BisLopsgate-slieet Witliin, E.C. THE BEST REMEDY FOR INDIGESTION. NORTON'S CAMOMILE PILLS Are confidently recommended as a Eimple but certain remedy for Indigestion, wLich is the cause of nearly all the diseases to whicli \rc arc subject; being a mrdicine no uniformly grateful and beneficial that it is with justice called the "Natural Strength- ener of the Human Stomach." Nokton's Pnis act as a powerful ionic and gontlo aperient, are mild in their operation, safe under any circumstances, and thousands of persons can now bear testimony to the benefits to be deiivcd from tbcir use. Sold in Bottles at Is. IjO , ^.s ;;d., and lis. each, in every town in the kingd'tm. CAUTION !• '^c sr^; to ask for " NonioN's Pills," and do not be |>erstude4 Xa purchase the vane . >' ttiuna. J. A C:^FAR COMPLEXION!!! GODFREY'S EXTRACT of ELDER FLOWERS Is fctrongly recommended for SrHr-ninp, Ir.^j r...ii.?. V.s, Ac . (-'.cii >•• fr ra cw n tu.-.-. sr. j r-; ■• t» eruption, and by continuing its use only a ti -rt tim*. t'..' ♦'». a •.:; k- • r .^ *• '. continue soft and smooth, and the complexion i>