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MKaocorr hbouition ibt cH«n 
 
 (ANSI ond ISO TEST CHAKT No. J) 
 
 y^|u m. 
 
 /APPLIED IIVMGE In, 
 
 '85J Eail Mom StrMl 
 
 Rochwttr Nam York 14609 USA 
 
 (716) *82 - 0300 - Phon. 
 
 (716) 2M- 5989 -Fax 
 
AN APOSTLE 
 
 PERSOHAi- HARMONIZING 
 
 BLISS CARMAN 
 
AN APOSTLE OF PERSONAL HARMONIZING 
 
 The flrst decade of our preient century hM been more remarkable, 
 perbapi, for Its lenee of spiritual unrert and awakening than for any 
 other one thing. Great aa the advanoe has been In science and in- 
 vention in the past fifty yeare, there are everywhere signs of an Im- 
 pending progress still greater, In the region of personal development 
 and power. The most thoughtful contemporary writers— Maeterlinck, 
 .Maurice Hewlett, Edward Carpenter, for instance— are supremely con- 
 cerned with spiritual problems, with flnding the soundest basis for 
 happiness. Their writings are Inspired on every page by the deepest 
 considerations for the welfare of man's spirit. Their thought Is radi- 
 cal, unhampered, tnd splendidly sincere. They are bent only on mak- 
 ing the world a better place to live In, by making men more In love 
 with it and more adequately equipped to meet the tasks of life with 
 gladnes- and success. No writer today can win our serious attention 
 who does not bring us a message of hope — a light tor the way. 
 
 More than that, there Is In these three modern prophets, along 
 with their concern for spiritual things, a very definite sense of the 
 ImporUnce of physical things. They are tru» children of the nine- 
 teenth century in their faith In science, and in their reverence for 
 the physical life end conduct of man, and the Influence of these on 
 his spiritual growth. iHewleU In one of his latest books says: "It is 
 an error to suppose tiiat discomfort is holy. Holiness is harmony. 
 Men have lost realisation of the sanctity of the body." And all of 
 Edward Carpenter's teaching has the same trend; It emphasizes the 
 necessity of physical fitness for the beet development of mind and 
 splrH. 
 
 Curiously enough, America has made but small contribuUon to 
 this newer educational movement. You will look through the books 
 
of our popular m«n of letteri In vain for any such Imputloned tMrcta- 
 IngM for the spring! of happlnets. or uOf mw word for a perplexeu 
 generation. It U bere, however. In a very original form. In the work 
 of .1 remarkable woman who hai been teaching uad lecturing for the 
 paet tfiin or twelve yean, but In w Inconipicuous a way that, while 
 ibe has become an Influence among teacberi, her name la but little 
 known to the gen^.al public. Uet me flrtt lay eomethlng of Mn. 
 King herielt, since the personal note, the living word, is so important 
 a part of her creed. It is not alone by learning the truth, she would 
 say, but by embodying It In dally practice, that we are helped and 
 heartened. 
 
 Mary Perry King is of typical American parentage. Her father, 
 the Hon. Albertus Perry, was of an old Puritan family from western 
 MaBsacbusetts, a graduate of Williams College, and at the time of his 
 daughter's birth a prominent lawyer in New Yorit state. Her mother 
 was of Huguenot extraction. So that she combines the New England 
 ( apacity for idealism and bard thinking with the Latin vivacity and 
 brilliancy of temperament. While still in her teens she graduated 
 from the Oswego Normal College, and was at once made a teacher 
 of reading in that institution, where she had most of her former teach- 
 ers in her classes. Her genius for expression had been dlscovereO. 
 After that she graduated from tbr. Philadelphia College of Oratory; 
 and still later, having mastered Bell's fundamental and epoch-making 
 system of Visible Speech, she further perfected her voice and dfction 
 in a course of study in Paris with the French master, Sbriftlla, 
 
 Good diction, n cultivated and clear enunciation, in her theory of 
 education, Is not merely an important accomplishment; it has an even 
 greater importance as a means of developing powers of appreciation, 
 and as a factor In general culture. Speech is one of the most pri- 
 mary arts, depending very intimately on physical well-being for Its 
 adequate production, and giving at the same time an immf»dlate vent 
 for the expression of all shades of thought and feeling. In an of 
 Mrs. King's physical training of women, speech culture has always 
 played a prominent part. She is herself a wonderful reader and a 
 
Huent »p*ikar, wUb a mattarly oommaDd of pure ISiif llih and a itolui 
 for tta« exact word and the bappy phrase. Tbli capacity for ready 
 and apt 'erbr.l expreiiton, at the comimiDd of a forceful and pervastvr 
 penonu-.j, makes her an tmpreailve preaence in a draw g room or 
 on a platform. But any Id* » o* her would be quite wrong which 
 omittfd her irrepreaaible comedy, au ln«xhauitible merrlmen: of tplrlt, 
 always ready to break out and play about her lubjact with lumtnoua 
 charm. 
 
 I apoke of Mra. Klnc'i tenlua for the right vord. She has that 
 much rare - gift, a genius for right motion. A large part of any 
 woman's genius ia In reading character, a power we call intuition, 
 which seems almost miraculous to the mascuHne mind, and li In real- 
 ity an aptitude for reading motion and Interpreting unconscious ex- 
 pression, for heeding unintentional accent and Inflection — m aptitude 
 so old and well practiced that it has become actually Instinctive. This 
 Instinct for right expressive motion Is pre-eminently the actor's talent ; 
 and a knowledge of all its subtleties, along with her trained knowledge 
 uf tbi' voice, has made a large p'art of Mrs. King's success. It hat' 
 been her lifelong study under the most distinguished authorities on the 
 subject at home and abroad. 
 
 For beveral years iifter 1900 .Mrs. King maintained a gymnasium 
 for women in New York, where her work was carried on in her usual 
 liberal and enthusiastic way, under conditions of sanitation aud beau- 
 tiful bousing which, it seemed to her, the training of persouallty de- 
 serves. Its success was attested by the Immediate gain In strength 
 and well being of her pupils, women of all classes and occupations — 
 women weary with social rounds who were glad to pay for their bene- 
 fit, and young women overworked in their cullloKs who were gladly 
 given their benefit gratt ously. 
 
 Mrs. King, however, was not fully satisfied with her gymnasium. 
 She bad mate use of & minimum amount of machinery, laying moBt 
 stress on tree gymnastics, breathing, and voice work; but she became 
 convinced that the most useful medium of culture, for ber purposcH. 
 was interpretative dancing. The gymnasium was closed, and she once 
 
mortt became ft tudent In leftrch of further truth. A trip aroiinil 
 the world gave her opportunity to itudy the women of the Orient and 
 to aee their daneei In their native aectlnc and after her return la 
 America the apent a year of itudy In adjuatlni her new knowledge tn 
 Weatem requlrementj. Thia gave her, Anally, command of all the arte 
 ■he thought neceaaary for carrying out her method of education. Since 
 then her daya have been given to teaching— In winter In New York 
 with mixed claaaea and private pupl'a; In aummer with araaller claaaen 
 of teachere and advanced puplle. In the Catakllle, where ahe haa ea- 
 labllahed a cummer echool. And. aa alwaya, a large part of her energy 
 li devoted to mlaalon work In her aubiect. with free claaaea for younit 
 working women, aupported by voluntary contributlona. 
 
 I have omitted ao far to aay anything of the underlying principle, 
 or phtloaophy, on which all Mra. Klng'a work reeta. and which glvea It 
 the great dlatlnctlon I have claimed for It. Suted briefly, her theory 
 of education baaea Itaelf on a trinltarian conception of human nature 
 and human need. Man la a creature with three pronounced phaaea ol 
 being: the phyilcal, the mental, and the emotional or aplrltual. And 
 yet ao Inaeparable are theae three naturea, ao bound and knit together 
 in all their requlrementa. functlona, and aatlafactlona. that they form 
 not merely a triple alliance, but a true trinity. To neglect one la to 
 Injure all. And only by cultivating all In equal proportion can any- 
 thing like adequate education be obtained and a aymmetrloal peraon- 
 ality developed. 
 
 There have been agea when the aoul of the world waa bent on 
 winning happlneaa through the aenaea, when the aatlafactlona of the 
 mind and the apirlt were counted aa nothing. There have been ages 
 when men were concerned with the ctlBalra of the apirlt alone, when 
 rellgloua ecataay waa accounted all In all, when art and aclencea and 
 material comtorta were Ignored, and the aacetic cared only tor hla 
 Impoaalble dream. Laatly there have been agea devoted overmuch to 
 aclence, agea of akepticlam, barren alike of rellgloua ardor and relln- 
 Ing art. All theae have been partial and Inadequate racial eiperl- 
 •ncea. They muat give place to the next great atep forward In hu- 
 
i 
 
 man proems, tba idea of a ■ymmetrlcal p«rf«ction, tbe raallaatlon 
 that parfacHon can n<*«r b* reached thronili renounclu »r «lolaliD( 
 any one of the tbree eaeenttul factors In man'a triuni natr.re, bat onlv 
 tbrooffb duly recognlslni them as equal and bestowloi upon tbom 
 equal rererence, sare, and education. 
 
 This trlunlstJc Idea Is as fundamental as tbe idea of evolution: 
 and It bears the same relation to education that evolution do«e to sci- 
 ence. While tbe need of physical tralnin is lenerally recotnlsed. 
 there Is almost no realisation of Irs coherent Influence upon character 
 bulldini and social evolution, of iu value as s flne art, and of Itr 
 potentiality a* a part of every liberal education. Even physical aducs- 
 tors themielvos seem seldom jave been aware of the tremendous In 
 fluence they might have wielded. Their systems for the most part 
 look no furthe. than muscle-making; and we are still confror*ed with 
 the absurd anomaly of American girls and women trained in tbe 
 wooden maneuvers of German or Swedish r litary drUI. It Is only 
 our wiser teachers, like Dr. D. A. Sargent > Mary Perry King, who 
 have seen the wrong of such methods, and hav« modified foreign sys- 
 tems to native needs and growing ideals. In such ready soil the :rl- 
 unistlc ideal of general educstlon, and the realisation of phy \l edv 
 oatlon as as art, ara bearing fruit. 
 
 To quote again from Maurice Hewlett. "It Is no harder for a 
 woman to make herself a work of anpreme art than for a man to 
 paint a masterpiece or to write a classic. But she must cultivate and 
 use her genius for aelf-expresslon. What material to work with— Ine 
 moving, breathing, speaking medium. Infinitely more elastic tlian 
 painter's «tuS, Infinitely more potent than aught Inanimate, this be- 
 ing, warm, tinged with life. Instinct with meaning, rhythmic, eh>quent' 
 You can be picture, form, poem, symphony, In one. You address the 
 mind through every sense. Every gesture is charged, every throb 
 can express, every word he a phrase, every look a tone, and every 
 tone a revelation." 
 
 That Is tba Ideal. "Ah, but how?" you may ask. What teaching 
 can accompllab this? Persons^ harmonlilng educates Jnat such In- 
 
dirlduAl genius. It took an intereated and plaatic but perfectly un- 
 trained student, and in six months placed her In the front ranks of 
 interpretative dancers in the most critical drawing rooms and studios 
 of New York, In original dances created for her hy her teacher; and 
 a little later secured her a place In the New Theater Company. But 
 personal harmonizing does not find Its fullest scope in training danc 
 era; that la only an instance of its special possibilities. It takes 
 numbers of rank and file public school children, and in six months, at 
 two lessons a w^ek, gives them command of fine personal carriage, 
 habitual unity of thought, feeling, and expression, through co-ordinat- 
 ing their motion and speech. It Is showing teachers how to get prompt 
 and perceptible Improvement In the personalities of their students. 
 And because it enlists and cares for all the powers, it gives its pupils 
 a bappy and mellow culture such as no other education has been able 
 to secure. A method of education which not only helps men and wo- 
 men to go tiirough their liail;-- tasks with greater ease and efficiency, 
 but enables them lo pLt h(>^rt In all their work, to realize their own 
 genius, and to find gladmss at every turn, is what we have been look- 
 ing tor. 
 
 The ain- of Mrs. Kings woTli may be said In a word to he the 
 educating oi individual genius; to give people freedom of spirit by plac- 
 ing at their disposal a healthy body freed and attuned to the finest 
 uses of thought and feeling. That method of education Is surely best 
 which takes cognizance of the entire personality and attempts to fit 
 It for predestined uses. To laam to walk and move well, to breathe 
 iind speak efllciently— these are rudiments of education that have been 
 strangely neglected. To reinstate them in their place and to relate 
 them to symmetrical general culture. Is our need. The body cannot 
 thrive on futile ai.d disordered exertion, nor the spirit be refreshed 
 liy silly and pointless exercise. And because the failure of the old 
 order of physical education Is being very generally felt, this new 
 vitalizing ideal of triune culture of which I am speaking is spreading 
 tltrough the country like a message of reprieve. 
 
 If 1 understand Mrs. King's philosophy rightly, (he would say that 
 
unity, order of motion, and poiae, are three main considerations in 
 her scheme of training. To preserve and foster one's unity of being; 
 not to he distracted nor to suffer a partial culture: not to develop the 
 head at the expense of the heart, nor the hand at the cost of either. 
 To be a single, united being in all our aspirations, thoughts, and ac- 
 tions; to be glad all over, to be intelligent all over, to be efficient 
 through and through. This is to realize one's entire being as a unit. 
 "Isolation of parts" 1b a phrase significant of much that was wrong 
 in old-fashioned physical teaching, indeed in old-fashioned education 
 generally. To stand immovable on one leg while performing gyrations 
 with the other, or to awing Indian clubs while the whole body, except 
 the arms was held rigid, might be excellent tminlng for St. Vltus'a 
 dance, Mrs. King would say, but was ridiculous preparation for the 
 art of dally living. 
 
 By order of motion, or sequence of procedure, is meant this: that 
 there must be what Mrs. King calls spiritual lead in all ideal effort, in 
 all our movements, undertakings, and actions. It Is the order of 
 nature; first, energy, wish, caring, choice: then thought, aim, direc- 
 tion; and lastly, realization in accomplishment. To follow this order 
 is to secure the utmost natural economy of effort, efficiency of result, 
 and pleasure in occupation; that is to say, the utmost beauty, helpful- 
 ness, and happiness in every personal act and in all human endeavor. 
 Having realized unity in ourselves, to give it habitual poise is 
 our further task. Poise of personality involves poise of the person, 
 an unwabbiing command of our bodies; and this in turn can only be 
 maintained through muscular ability and a firm base of support. That 
 implies unrestricting clothing and footgear— for women particularly 
 some form of drees that shall not obstruct deep breathing nor mar the 
 soft, free grace of the throat and neck, and broad-toed, heelless shoes 
 that shall give an adequate footing and freedom for the moving body. 
 It is an ideal that does not sound promising to the average woman, and 
 certainly most dress reforms have not been altogether happy. But 
 Mrs. King, who has given a great deal of thought to this branch of her 
 subject, seems to have solved the mysterious difficulty in some for- 
 
tunat* war without aacrltlcing anything of tba grace and axqulaltaneai 
 which rtgbtir enough belong to women. I auppoae it la her Inherent 
 Latin taat« which enablea her to be radical without being obtrualve, 
 and eaaenUal without being eccentric. She oertalnljr oarrlea out her 
 uncompromialng Ideala with great tact and graclousneaa. In her 
 phlloBophy of lite the moat needed refonna for modem woman could 
 hardly be called a gain, unleaa they could be aecured without Impair- 
 ing her Immemorial dignity and charm. Uke many thoughtful people, 
 ahe aeea that American women are In aome danger of aelling their 
 Wrthrigbt for a meaa of ^ottage; and while her ardent life la given 
 to forwarding their eaaential Interesta and upholding for them unfal- 
 tering ideala, many of the more consplcuoua "women'a movementa" 
 And her indifferent. She la too deep a thinker— I ahould like to aay 
 too full of profound racial wisdom— to be carried away by popular 
 clamor. 
 
 Thla la not the least of my reasona, when I try to apeak critically 
 of her teaching, for giving her a place among modem thlnkera beaide 
 the wlae and aerene Maeterlinck. 
 
 RttrtnHi fnm " CimJ HixutketpiRt." fat Mtt, 1911.