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Lea diagrammes suivants iiluatrent la m*thode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 mmmsmm mmmm ^ a7ss 1 ATJLING DOG IN CANADA (From Forest & Stream) 4PGUST 22nd & 2^tb ll^H, Np:.«- Dogs ««« used as draft animals in the n<»rthv^a9t of Cf,pa«Jf* an the i#lw«Mior coast, apd in the vicinity of Quebec. 3^ teams are ased during winter in the northyrest by th^ -f^oM Andiftiiii aod the Hudson Bay Company's Vf^m l^e <^t#cli- meA of the Northwest Mounted I*olice alsojnade ,^se<^ l^eiia in the northernmost divisions of the Territory. Butler. :in hU '•Ores* Lone La^d" and "WUd Nojrth Land," saveH m 'vxxs^&ixaA description of ^e husUea (as the dom are c^lle^ hf^^ Oie half-breeds and Jndi^aos oi;it there) luid of the work 4oii» by them. , * j< Along tiie Labrador coast, where there aire few horsos, dQ^ * *rettsed as draft animals in winter. Jn sumpaer aW liraveliM^ and freighting is done by water. In the foripaer season the lails are carried along the coast by dog teams. I The Labrador dog is really an Esquimau when fee is not a few ioundland or a nondescript, and the Esquimau dog is |Ost exactly like the husUe. It has a pomtci^ nose, m^, jht ears, long hair and a bushy tail, and looks the pictujre 8 first cousin, the wolf. These Esquimiai dogs are irory je, hAve ejcceedingly powei^ul j^ws, and wlU eat anythiii|p ■* -^^ . H\ rtifSimeB — 2 — m and snap at everything. So ferocious and destructive are they that the people down there, who are beginning to devote themselves to agriculture more than they did before, under the auspices of the Government of the Province of Quebec, which has spared no pains to promote the development of affrioultural interests, have petitioned to have all the Esqui- mau dogs destroyed which are not required for the mail service, because they kill the cattle and sheep. They get an immense amount of pumshment, but do not eeem to mind it, and will snap at and bite their masters whenever they get a chance. In summer they skirmish around for food, eating the offal of the fish and seals caught by their masters, gorging themselves on some stranded whale or por- poise, or they hunt for themselves in the woods. In winter ^ey live on the stores of dried caplin and whale or seal flesh which their masters have kept for the purpose, with the additional treat of the dish water in which the greasy plates have been washed. , ,.„ ., - ^i Dogs in Labrador are harnessed differently from those m the Northwest. There, where they drive over plams or through open woods, they are harnessed tandem fashion, one in front of the other, and always retain that position. In Labrador each dog is harnessed to the sleigh by a separate thong, so that when the team gets on ice, as it ireq«ieatly does, going over the bays from point to point to shorten the distance, tb' dogs spread out like a fan. This does not inter- fere with the draft, is safer when going over tnm ice and a dog can fall out to satisfy the demands of nature or to scratch his fleas without stopping the remainder of the team. These thongs are of various lengths, so that when the team coires to a narrow road between trees the dogs can fall into Indi. file, one behind the other. The leading dog always has the longest thong, so as to easily keep ahead of the others, ilr- he is always anxious to do for many reasons. In the hi place he is very proud of the position and is always ready fight all comers for the privilege, and to retain the pos*^^ must be top dog in all combats. Thea he is generally pel made much of, better cared for and better fed than the otF and sometimes kept in the house while they have to roug outside, the result being that he is proportionately hatPt mmmm — 3 — all the others, who, in their anxiety to get a snap at him, pull Avith all their might, while he does the same to keep away froir them. This is pretty much like the idea of holding a carrot on a pole in front of a donkey's nose to induce him to go fast. The harness is all made of sealskin ; a broad strap rests on the chest, being retained in position by another over the neck ; a piece over the back joins . the top of the breast-piece to another arouud the body and from this the thong leads back to the sleigh. The Labrador sleigh is the regular Esquimau sleigh des- cribed in books of Arctic travel, the kometik, built of drift- wood, fastened by thongs of sealskin, not a nail or j^ece of iron or steel entering its composition, whereby it i» much more elastic and can better resist hard shocks. The runners are made of whale ribs in pieces about 4ft. long by Sin, wide the total length being about 8ft. These are fastened to the woodwork in a very ingenious manner, small holes are coun- tersunk in the whalebone, and through these are passed thin but strong thongs of sealskin or seal sinews, which are lashed tightly. The advantage of whalebone over iron or steel is that it does not get clogged or adhere to wet snoWc The driver, as a rule, runs behind the sleigh when loaded, but when the snow is soft he puts on his snowshoes to beat it down, and the dogs follow in his tracks. When the dogs lag the driver uses the Esquimau dog-whip — a terrible in- strument, the mere crack of which makes every dog jump into his collar and settle doifrn to work. It is made entirely of sealskin thopgs plaited together till they reach a sharp point. The handle, made of the same material, is about as thick as a man's wrist and only 18in. long, while the lash is from 20 to 30ft. in length. It requires a great deal of practice to wield this properly, and a novice, in trying to snap it, is just as likely as not to hit himself, in the face generally. It is no wonder that the dogs dread it, for an expert can take a piece of skin off every time. When a dog is in disgrace for some misbehavior, or if he will not stop fighting, he is hobbled. A thong is put around his neck, tha two ends are knotted together, and one of his front paws is passe d through it so that he cannot pull it out ; - 1 - tiiiis hobbled he generally limps off on three tegs into a corner V^^ere he keeps quiet and shows by the expression ox his coii^tenanoe that he ^eels the diserace. iHiie members of the Laurentioes Fish and Qame Club, to which I belong, had, like myself, many opportunities of obser- ving the habits, training, etc., of Labrador dogs. One of our gilardians, who came from that part of the country, had for naany years the contract for driving the mails along the north shore, and owned a fine team. This he was allowed by the club to bring with him, as there was a good deal of hauling to be done from the railway station to the club house, and, moreover, the members proposed to have grand rides over the frozen lakes, and also to be able to bring a larger quantity of supplies with them when they went to the more distant camps to hunt or to fish through the ice, which was allowed in those days. They had no end of fun with these dogs for a while, but in the end they died oft" arid were not replaced. Th^y WGV6 found to be a nuisance in sunfimer time, as they would devour tbe trout caught by the members unless con- stantly watched, and their barking, which was more like the howling of wolves, frightened the game away. They were always in a state of semi-starvation, owing to the difficulty of keeping them supplied with food, and if anyone was rash enough to hand them a piece of bread or meat instead of throwing it to them, he generally had some trouble in rescuing his hand. It was wonderful to see them open cans of pre- served meat with their strong fangs. The leader was a very fine brute, but a very savage one, which no one dared to handle but the guardian, who ruled it more by fear than love and who was bitten by it pretty badly sometimes. ^^ We had some very amusing experiences with these dogs. On one occasion several of us resolved to go and spend a few days up at the club grounds, seventy miles north of Quebeo, to shake the cobwebs out of our heads, by walking through tbe spruce woods on snowshoes, breathing the ozone of the mountain air, driving over the ice on the lakes with the dog team, winding up the day's exertions and amusements by quiet games of cards or chess or by spinning yarns, and eating our meals with kn. appetite which would have driven a boarding-hous6 keeper to despair. Charlie B. and I went I were -*- oli the day before, as an advance) guard, to get evei^thing ready. On our arrival at oar station on the Lake St. Jdtik Railway, we found Hubert, the guardian, with his dog tesod all decorate for the occasion. Tlie dogs wagged their t&ilS at u3, looking forward evidently to the prospect of haviiig some preserved meat cans to open, besides other tidbtts. Leaving the guardian and the men we had brought with tu to bring on the commissariat supplies, we put on otir 8n%>#- shoes, crosued the Batiscan River and climbed up the gorgid leading to the first lake of our main chain, oh which the club house is built. As we walked on, w6 took deep breaths of tfid bracing air T.hose exhilarating effect it is imiwssibte t6 describe, and admired the wonderful shapes assumed by the snow as it had fallen oh trees and stumps. Having iha«te HH our arrangements, we started next day down to th^ Station with the guardian and the dogs to meet our friends. Sitting on the kometik, we drove quickly over the road on the ic6 and also the road through the wobds^ bht when we began t6 go down hill our troubles began. To keep the sleigh froAk coming on the dogs, Hubert turned himself into a br^dkie, digging his heels into the snow, and did very well until, iat a sharp turn, he rolled off and the brake was gon6. Of counte the sleigh came upon the dogs' heels, and they, with a howl, rushed madly on to keep ahead of it. We clung on, awaating events, and fairly flew. Suddenly one dog made a sptihg t6 one side, got his thoag across a stump, upon which he pullM the sleigh, bringing the outfit to an abrupt stop. Oharne aihd I flew up in the air like stones from a catapult, he landihg head first in a snowdrift, I across a fallen tree, fortunately thickly covered with snow, while the dogs, sleigh, stump and thongs were all tangled up, and the biggest dog fight vras going on that I had ever seen. Having pulled my friend out by the heels, we watched the fight, unable even to bet oh any one dog, they were so much mixed up, and we tbo wise to interfere until the driver came down with his whip ahd separated and disentangled the dogs. We considered that we had had enough driving down hill for one day, so we walked the remainder of the way, the guardian waPcihg also, and, with a thong fastened to the rear of the Blei|(h, kept it from overrunning the dogs. We hid a very jp^Kft- W — 6 — ^, «»e ; and. on *« ^^^^^Tn foUow'^i' bJTfi^t Ottite an adventure. A thaw hart own i j^^ 2nd the snow oovering the --"iS t^Xra final drive, ao font o? our party got on the »l»«h »« ^ ,„„„ded the firet, They sta-ted in great glee, and 1»»J " '^"^'y^k ,bo„t ftOOyd"- point they saw a fine ^"""K «»"'X.y gave » yelp »« " Shead. As soon as the dogs saw. t they gayj^ ,j pack ot wolves and started 1*« ,»" ""'™i„- the yelp, saw its ?he caribou, which l^K^Tr topinri" ?h« "*ddte of the pursuers and flew over *« '"J'^SP °%rk, one o£ the party take. When the dogs started with a ert, on ► ^^ ™ thrown off "olentty »d ^^^-'''^Ztlro^ thefriction snow before he could P?" »Pj"«j^,8 disappearing comrades, and gazing wistfully after hwiM r ^_^.^^ ih„ who clung to the sleigh like gnm oeai . , ^ ^^^ee, of level hunt. Of course there was not^^a s hgh^s ^^^ ^^ their catching the animal, wb'ch, instewl « J^^^ ^^ bush on the nearest shore, held on •^*«""^^. The im- right up to the end, *h/" '^^'M^JT^ » difficulty, for it promptu hunters soon found tbemselves^ ^.^^ ^^^^ was imposrible to stop the dogs, ^ho couW no ^^^^ Ty hS^ sleigb *'*^.P"^°?'^he« was every probability triid in vain to stop them and *;"J^d strike the bush of broken limbs or "e^ks when they wou^ dropped oft However, they soon made up their mm ^^ one by one, rolUng over *?<» »;«' ^" to their nether some distance away, with """"^ a»m g Meanwhile the garments and much abrasion of t"'Xr the deer and, §ogs, reUeved of the 7«8^*i,"f^o^ the trees and, as entering the woods, got tangled up ^^^ 8a free fight among club's log-book. , , _j gieep outside in the These dogs are very hardy and always si^P ^ ^^^^ coldest weather, H"^™'' f S^^^'^L Once we were in and always try to get it "^en they can ^^ ^ ^j ^e of the remote "^^P". ""^ .^"*^hen «»« <>« " «°' "^ boughs, smoking our evening pipe, vnen 1/ - y - had Erost lard, irive, first Oyds. ke a after kW its f the party hard iction rades, i this Qce of or the e lake, le inn- , for it ;e that driver )ability ) bush, ped oft sliding nether lile the er and, and, as , among nbarked repaired m in the le in the to heat were in p bed of 8 got up suddenly with an imprecation, his eyes full of earth. Soon we were all threatened with thd same thing and at the same time heard a sound of scratching. Catching up the lantern, we turned out to investigate and found that the sleigh had been placed upright against the side of the log hut and that the dogs had used it as a ladder to climb up into the small space between the sloping roof of gouged troughs and the earth-covered ceiling of small, round logs and birch bark to get near the warm stove-pipe, and, in settling down, had caused the earth to fall through the interstices. We sent Hubert to dislodge them and take their ladder away, and next morning we found them all curled up and covered with snow which had fallen during the nifl;ht. The hauling dog is not confined to barbarism or semi-civili- zation. He is used as a draft animal in many places, but in the vicinity of Quebec he is an institution, although of late years he is not so commonly used. In my young days, children drove dogs as they now drive a pony or a goat, but some- where about 1860 a law was passed prohibiting the driving of dogs in the streets of the city and it was confined to the suburbs, especially that of St. Sauveur. Large mongrels were bred and it is really wonderful what loads they could draw. The Newfoundland was the favorite, owing to its size and weight, but when mastiffs or St. Bernards came in, it was found that, by crossing them with greyhounds, a fine hauling dog was the result, especially when it retained the short hair of the greyhound, as, in such case, it was better for the deep snow in winter. There was one dog, a cross between a ma<:tiff and a brindled greyhound, which retained the color and shape of the latter, but on a more massive scale, which had quite a record for its hauling powers. These dogs, whose harness is made like that of a pony, minus the bridle, and which are driven in shafts, are used for hauling wood and water ; beggars use them ^o drive ty waW^J^ ^ Canada for !^v^r» to put dogs W*"?.''*^*' "^pMr people commonly r;;^^eir^lothe^ P--"»;»^^^ r^gHn f<»t t''-; :l'",yStrh out of the woods mw-ur«^^ ^^ Tti. "^ P likewfse ^n some n^^^Utde g ladies to ride in in vrinter. ^^°^ * ^ould think they 5.-rmi5Si^*:^^«s:eteWcq SS all the W carmge ^ *h^J« the Esquimauxon veral Frenchmen, who have been MB » ^^^ only make CraLabr«lor, have Msu.^ me that J provisions and on o^ imftU. 1749 elB in h, hwj water efore a rel. The and a« jir own • burden ave fre- my stay le water Dkre not jrs' dogs, ise wood uiada {or 1 purpose commonly loot them- ple in this L by dogs, the poor sledges for )airofdog8, think they ,w a single bold by old e here, and ^ dogs. Se- quimaux on only njake ^visions and jlves in little of the great js guides for ™- 9 — fishing and hunting, for the- are expert canoemen and hun- ters, and understand En^ ..h, use dogs to haul water from the river and firewood from their reserve. These same dogs are used io haul tents and hunting equipment on winter hunting ^expeditions, as one of these dogs, following on the track l)et».en by snowehoes, will haul more than a man can cany and of course it is much easier for the man. A friend of mine, whose rifle has brought down many a moose and curiljou, and who has landed many a fine salmon, once became the happy owner of a Newfoundland dog called Rover, which was a splendid hauler and which he always took with him to haul his own personal baggage. Once when proceeding on a hunting expedition north of Quebec, with Lorette Indian guides, he was accompanied by Rover, while the Indians had two other dogs. On their way they had to stop at one of the camps or log-houses erected by the Quebec GovermueLt at certain distances along the colonization road used by settlers proceeding to Lake St. John before the railway was built. Now the keeper of the post, where my friend and party had to pass the night, owned a huge cross- eyed yellow dog which had a great reputation far and wide. He was supposed to be able not only to whip his weight in wild cats, but also to beat any number of dogs as well. There was a certain amount of anxiety among the party as to what would be the result of their dogs coming mto contact with the yellow dog, and the Indians especially were uneasy, for if a dog was disabled it meant so much more for his master to carry. When they arrived the canine terror happened to be away, so there was a little respite, but just as the dogs were about to partake of their meal of shorts, oatmeal and biscuit with some of the pea eoup, he turned up and announ- ced his intention of having a meal at their expense. The Indian dogs at once recognized his superiority, but Rover was too hungry to lose his dinner, so he made up his mind to fight for it, and, although generally a peaceful animal, he comple- tely conquered the other dog, which acknowledged him as his master. Tne night was cold and my friend took Rover to bed with him on the top bunk. Early in the morning he awoke, and looking down he saw the Indians with their dogs lying on the floor, besides some settlers, also with dogs, as « ] 10 — LI there were liOt enough banks for all. My friend, who is a pre ^inent member of the legal profession and prof essiot) ally as erious as a judge, is a regular schoolboy when o;it on an expedition of this kind, and hid spirit of mischief aspired him with the idea of having some fun. Seizing Hover, he threw him on the floor ..n top cf the sleeping men and dogs, and in an instaat there was the biggest of dog fights on nand, in which dogs, Indians and settlers were all mixed up, and the air was blue with polyglot profanity, while Rovers master was choking with laughter under his blankets After a while order was restored, the dogs were separated, and their owners who had been drawn into the scrimmage, were repairing damages, and anxious to find out how the row had begun. No one seemed to suspecv), except the head guiae who knew my friend's propensity of old, but was too loy=a to betray I used to drive a dog myself harnessed to a little sleigh with miniature sleigh robes, silver bells, etc., when I was eight or ten yeai. old, but I have had only one experience of driving a dog in the woods and I do not like it. My friend above mentioned, two others and myself, with Indian guides, were going into the bush for a fortnights caribou hunting, and we had two dogs with us, one being uriven by the cook and the other by oiie of the guides. After walking for some time, as we got near the lake on which we were to camp, the head guide w:mt aheud to reconnoiter and soon returned, saying that there were caribou on the ice. Of course ail wanted to gof but chat was impossible, because, as all the guides were wanted, some one had to remain with the cook to dnve the otbor dog, for the day was getting on and if we did not hurry we would have to camp in the dark, an unpleasant job at any time, but especially in a snowstorm, such fi.s was then raging and which is ideal weather for caribou hunting, as it is easier t- stalk them then. The lot fell to me, so I made the best of a bad bargain ; for, in addition to driving the dog, I had to carry rv y pack, which was not heavy, but stdl confined my shoulders by the pack strap. The cook was ahead with his dog Boule (pronounced Bool, the French variation of Bull ; nearly every big dog here is cal ed Boule by the French-Canadians) aiid my dog followed pretty well for p.^ 11 Ce volume dolt etre rendu a la derniere date indiquee ci-dessous. og-driving nd looked bre at him oalled bim e. Finally >out 10 or placed the id pushed The result ; forward, head first te myself, rtunately )r me a,nd down my len talked 9ntly pro- ,wo dogs, on very lY. \ there were n prominent n as serious as expedition < him with tht threw him o and in an iij in which da the air was was choking order was r who had I damages, a No one sei my friend' him. I used ti with mini eight or te driving a • above mer were goinj and we h) and the q time, as i head g| sayingj to go, wanted other we w( time, and to sta of a to 08 my his Bull Frei — u — ■e 'evidently soon found out that dog-driving ^v line, for he sat down very often and looked •l^coaxed him and, I am sorry to say, swore at him |^8h an.l French and, not knowing Huron, I «^^^;f^ "J mss/dog^' in Latin and Greek ; but it was of no use. Finally Telay down just as we were going around a hill about 10 or ^ 12ft above the level. At last, out of patience I placed the Luzzle of my rifle against the b-k of the^eigh and pushed with mv shoulder against the butt of the piece. Ihe result; jlx eeded my expectations, for the ^og made aspnng fo.^^^^^^ ' I lost mv balance and fell over the side of the hi 1, head first Lto a snowdrift, from which I could not extricate myself . owin- to my pack being twisted round my neck. Fortunately the cook not seeing me behind him, came to look for me and got me ourall right but with any amount of -o^^^^^ back which was far from comfortable. The cook then taikea bo theXg I dont know what he said, but it evidently pro- luced an impression, for T walked in front of the two dogs, l5^L the Tok followed behind the last, and we got on very iwell. CRAWFORD LINDSAY.