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Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Stre filmds d des taux de reduction diff^rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour itre reproduit en un soul clich6, il est film6 A partir de I'sngle su^drieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammcs suivants illustrent la m^thode. 22t 1 2 3 4 5 6 CANADA TEMPERANCE UNION. PRJZE ESSAY NO. I. i .^ ^ its (fills and timr lemdic; BY KEVD. W. H. WITIIROW, M. A. ' lA't oiilij.'titi'iieil men of a!l ri),';iiiist' ft (•oiiiiiioii fi lliill''tul I'lltlll Milks, ()f (ivi'iy ;!ict mid paitj', I'.nnlii ai'liicvtd."— Dii. F. R. Lke.i "'; niiitinj;ii (livinu rciiuiiciatiiiii v.itli a 1. siasiu iind lihviMlity, by wliidi iiloiie gicat en.!: lllllltlK PublislKb at tl)c Sfcrctarics' ©fficc, X , Aapnucc iJfi 0rber of tl)c CouuciUion. N AP ANEE HENRY k BROTHER, PRINTERS, STATIONERS, k. 1^1 National Library Bibliothdque nationaie of Canada du Ctmada U THE PRIZE ESSAYS. /:!! Canada Temperance Union, Secretaries' Office, Napanee, December, ISHD. At the Toronto Temperance Convention of February, IBGS, xeveral gentlomeu offered sums of money sufficient to auttor- ize an invitation to writers to prepare Essays on the financial^ social and moral evils of Intemperance. Adjudicators were ai)pointed, and by reason of the advertisement of the Secre- tary, Essays were forw avded to him, and subseqiiently siibmit- ted to the judgment of the gentlemen named. At the Convention held in September, 1869, the Rev. Dr. Ormiston, presented and read the report of the adjudicator^; on Prize Essavs, as follows : Toronto, September 8th, 18G1). The undersigned, having been requested by the Canada Tem- perance Union to award the Prizes offered by tlii'.t l)ody for the best Essays on the financial, social and moral eviL«. of tlie Liquor Traffic, and the motives to electci'al and LegiHlnii ve action for their remoYi\l, bog to report- That having carefully perused the ten Essays transmitted to them by the Secretary of the Union, they have unanimously agreed to select the three following as tlie best, viz: 1, — That bearing the motto, ''Stafnomen in umlra." 2.— That signed, " A. H. St. Germam." 3. — That bearing the motto, " Unus." Tji.'^y would further state, that while their preference has INTRODUCTION. l)C'eu given to the petito is au mmtural ono. It must be a!tiHci;vlly crjated. la most i)rinutivo states of society it is uidciiowii.-l Among by far the greatest propoi-tiou of the moral and religi- ous co:umuuity, it is not indulge.l. It no where finds the means of its gnitilioatioa in a state of nature, ^h-y have to be manufactured for the purpose, frequently by long and dilMcult processes. They cannot therefore be necessary as a beverage. Their first use is almost invariably attended with uausia, gi\l- diness, illness, and all the symptoniB of active poisoning. Their continued indulgence deranges the bodily functions, impairs tht> health, enfeebles the min whole nature is vitiated thereby. Tl.is jKtssion becomes a tyranny mightier than those strong natuml instincts and afiec tions, the love of wife and child, of one's o^vn flesh and blood. It strips from the once loved wife and the once ha])r)y home, to winch in bridal l)eauty she wis borue, the luxuiies, ' l"^. comforts the very necessities of life, till the one is a.s bare as a priso.^ celb and the other af5 cheerless as its f .don inmate. It extiuguishe.s the household fires and brings the wolf of want howling to the door. It changes by swift and terrible degrees the teirh^r love and affectionate care of the husband and father to inddf'rence, coldness, aversion, and often to demoniac and murderca.s h:.te, till his children shrink at hia approach, rind Ids wife cowei-s beneath his blows. Uuder its fiendish inspiration a man will pawn, f,:.r the means of gratifying his craving thirst, his -rev haired mother's Bible, the wedding ring with which he vove I to cherish and protect the wife of his youth, and cverv souvenir of th'eir .^ '•^«AV OX IXTEMPKRAXCK. '^"•^•ctio.,, tj.e sJ,oo8 from tho «Im\ • . ';- '-•«'"„,, i,.f„„, .,,,,;, ' ^ • "■" ««- '1- l"n,«,,v ,.,v of "'■*<=■■. "v„rt„>-,„ „,., ,;„„„,, „',""' "■ =' '■■■"■"><".■„„ „,■„, ,.i3 '"■■■'' "'"' tl'" vil.«t of tl,„ vile ! '^' "'"' ''»"'■•' '"•'" to l""t"Se f... I,i„ 1.,,,,, ,,„,'' f. '"•- "l""' fo.. „ ,,-,„ ,„.,« of S^'"--, au,l f„.. tl.o l,i,l, ','"■"-"'- "'» vic.«„„ f„, „,„ ^"-0. It doe. to .loatMtol, ;"■''"'■'' '""' '— mt,,, """ '-)"« the *.,.,c c.,, , r;:^ '■"■"!•-" °f '-I'>- vicU,.., '-'. "'.o .,u,,iu oi„„ I.:.,!::, ,:"'"'"■ :""' '"'■""- -f tj. .. -■••-•■ It l..i„u.o., „,en f„.. .": '"""«'' '"™ "' l-™Ji- f..r. ««.t« tl,o„«,„!s of wo„. tin,, ' ?"^"fl»^«<'"<^o'™UI,o.,, It ".■lA-..,, I..,,,. ,, , ;j '";"";-" «ve.,, of „„,.„„ t,,„„ Tim deadly U„as ],.„ ;. . "-.■ l-aleful i„(l„„„eo almo.^ !' '"""""""=" ''™'-*a.lo>v wit,, reachi,,, ,,e,,„t,.,t„ r *'*' *™'y ''ou.,ei,ol,I. Its roof. <■ °' '"-'""'= »'ra«toveiy home _,, , . ■"" '""tx. far- fr ■I- ! 1 I' ES8AV Oy INTEMPERANCE. 9 '"i'"', niur the muhu)'^ iij/ln- nin^a.y crvof iial>it (.'loses '"» A\it]i his fifs of God's e «iii)ctiuiry "hIh Jjim to ••^ritiliH, tlxQ I'pH ho will iJe Jiif.ss of 3nsual gra- "1 tjie ])ro- is .Stl'OJlgtJi 'popuhites '> reiu'ten- ns for tlie n.sccratod '^ Mcfiu's i« of tJie Ji.se f<,r- oils. It I'cJi. It utiles. It ■«0 tiliUl " an un- '',— the "gliout ^v witJi ■s, far- inieut J« the 1 t kiuiUy plotlgc of frioiulship, or tho gazo of lovo into a deadly CurHU, blasting the lifo aud destroying the soul. Tliis fiital evil flpfii-es no eliusa of society, no sanctity of culling, no dignity of office, no^l.rillianc«! of genius. It has dragged the priest of God from the sacred desk to detile his soul with sin, and the Juilge from the tribunal of justice to stain tho ermine of tho law with crime. It has smitten the gifted poet at his lyre, till he wallow- ed like a besust upon tho earth. Many are tho lost sons of genius, who, but for intemperance, might have beamed like fadehss stars in the lirmament of thought, but who, blasted by its curse, briefly blazed, like a rocket's flight, and went out in blackness of darkness for ever. INlany are the strong ojxes whcjm it hath cast down, and the mighty who have fallen be- neath its fatal 8i)ell. Indeed, this habit seizes upon the braveat and the best, the Avarm hearted and impulsive, the m<'n of 8\ibtle brain and quivering uerve, and transiuutes them, by an infernal alchemy, into the vilest and the worst. This accursed traffic bears the malediction of God, and the execration of man- It calls for the tears of angels, aud awakes the exultation of fiends. It is guilty of the ruin of innumerable lives,— of the blood of myriads of souls. THE PHYSICAL EVILS OP INTEMPERANCE. Tliese are of an appalling character, and contra-indicate in the strongest manner the use of all intoxicating liijuors. The imme- diate and acute eflects of intoxication— a word which itself means poisoning, and conveys a true desceiption of the action of ardent s]>irits— are giddine.ss, nausea, loss of control of tlie voluntary muscles, especially those of locomotion and speech, aa evidenced by the staggering ?ait and incoherent utterance, loss of consciousness, languor and extreme enervation. Besides these there are certain chronic eflects of habitual indulgence, which are of the gravest character. Intemperance thus becomes a disease, the diagnosis of which gives evidence of the utmost botUly derangement, debility and decay. 10 ESSAY ON INTEMPERANCE. The best medical authorities assert that alcohol is always and only a poisou. It is so classified, along wi+h strychnine, stramo- ninni,ljclladona, tobacco, coculus, opium, and the like, in every standard woik on toxicology, and in every authorized Pharma- cophoeia, or Dispensatory. It is declared to be " i diffusive, irritating, narcotic poison, when taken in large quantities. Sayg the United States Dispensatory ; " Alcohol i)roduces a tnie apoplectic .-itate, and occasionally speedy death. Its constant use gives rise to dyspepsia, hypochondriasis, visceral obstructions, dropsy, j.'iiralysis, and not unfrecpieutly mania." Dr. Cliambers, jJiysician to II. B, H. the Prince of Wales, as- serts : -'It is clear that we must cea^e to regard alcohol as,in any sense, an aliment, iuasmuchas itgoes out of the body as it goes in.'' It is not assimilative into nerve, brain, muscle, or any other tissue. It is simj)ly an acrid, irritatiug poison, corroding every [lai-t of the body till it is expelled from the system. So far is it from contributing to the nutrition of the frame that Baron Von Leibig, one of the ablest chemists in the \vorld, asserts : — "There is mure good in one bushel of barley than tliere is in 1 2,000 gallons of the best beer." Alcohol is the product not of growth but of decay. " Fermentation," says Leil»ig in his text Book on Chemistry, " is nothing else but the putrefaction of a substance containing nitrogen. Life is opposed to putrefaction. iVimcntation is the death or decomposition of vegetable matter." Instead of [)romoting, it impairs digestion. It neutralizes the action of the ,sali\ary, gastric, and jjancreatic fluids, and pro- duces clironic indigefition and death. It has been known to prolong the digestion of food in the stomach from the normal period of tvv o or threa hours to over forty eight hours. Dr Munroe Hall tested the eifect of the gastric juice on food in two phials, the ouo with the addition of a small quantity of beer the other without. In the latter case the food a few hours; in the fornjer it was untvffected after was dissolved in several days. ways and ^, stramo- , iu every Pharma- cliffusive, ies. Say<5 ■s a tiTie istant use tractions, ^ales, as- is,iu any goes in.'' iiy otlier Liig evexy So far is it Baron jserts : — ere is in ct not of his text 'ion of a efaction. egetable -lizes the lud pro- nowu to '■ noi-ma) \s. Dr. food in of beer olved iu -il days. Essay on intemperanck- 11 Dr. Sewell, of Cohimhia College, oxaiuint'd tlio sloiuachs of over three hundred drunkards aftt"- deatli, and in every case found the lining highly inflamed, the hhiod \("hs( Is eiumr^red the niternal coiitings frequently thickened and indurated, and often M-ith corroding ulcers, cancers or sciri'lius extensively developed. Alcohol impoverishes the blood. In healthy blood there are only from two to four parts of fat to a thouKaud. The eminent French Chemist Lecaun "found," says Dr. Story," "one hund* red and seventeen parts in one thousand in di-unkard's blood- forty times as much as belonged there." " Three-cpiarters of the Chronic diseases of England. ■ lys Dr Chambers, above quoted, "and a large proportion in America are in some way combined with fatty degeiieration, and chiefly with those who use ardent spiiits." So the plumpness of many ale, beer, and spirit drinkers is an evidence of physical degener- acy rather than of strength. " I am i)ersuaded," says Dr. Sewell, -'that tens of thousands of temperate drinkers die annually of diseases through which the abstemious would pass m safety." The muscular tissue of the heart, in consequence of these fatty deposits, becomes soft, llabby and weak, and unable to propel the depraved blood through the shrunken arteries.— Dr. Ogle made post mortem examinations of one hundi-ed and forty three drunkards, and found, in over a hundred instances the heart softened by fatty degeneration. The arteries of the brain iu drunkards are found to be en- gorgvid , inflamed, and abnormally distended, thus producing pressure on the nerve substance, and frequently eftusion of spirit antl induration, or rupture of the vessels, often causing para- lysis, mania, or furious delirium. The organs of sense are unnatiu-ally stimulated, and the victim of intemperance becomes the prey of startling delusions of sight, and hearing, and sensation. His imagination conj\u*es up terrific images of 11 '■ 12 ESSAY ON INTEMPERANCE. " All liloustrous, .oil prodigious tilings, ALomiUable, unutterable, and worse Thau fables yet have feigned, or fear conceived; Oorgoiis, and Hydras, and C^hiineras dire." In acute delirium, or proti-actecl mania, he fancies liiniself sur- rounded by mocking, mowing, gibbering and tormenting liendu -—foul wizardry of hell and goblins damned, — which, to bis agonized conscience, but prefigure the still more terrible and eternal wrath of God. The continued use of alcohol blunts the sensibilities, diniH the A'ision, impairs the hearing, unstrings the nerves, stu})iliea the brain, and renders the man incapable for the dischai-go of business or the performance of the simplest duties. Hence many of the appalling railroad, steamboat, and mining accidents and conflagrations which occur when a di'unken switch man or pilot, or miner becomes the cause of a frightful destruction of human life. In further illustration of the effect of alcohol on the physical cM)nstitution,werem;'irkthe following. The muscular system seems to lose its subordination to the will, the voluntary acts become vague and indirect, the gait is uncertain, the hands are affect^id with a nervous tremor, the featun's, which give such exjn-ession to the countenance, esjiecially the lips, nose, and eyelids, become subject to convulsive twitching and involuntary quivering. The skin becomes shrivelled, sallow, and leaden, or fiery and bloated. The eye becomes bleared, yellow and vacant, the whole form bloated and sensual, and God's noblest handiwork is blasted by the influence of lipetite becomes imi)aired, dyspepsia occurs, and chronic inflammation of the lining of the stomach takes })lace, evidenced by a constant craving thii\st. The stomach itself frec-iently becomes ulcerous and gangrened. The liver becomes indurated and enlarged, and the bilious secretions frequently changed from a limpid yellow fluid to one of almost the color and consistency of tar. The brain is almost always inflamed, and its tissues become I I «Ji I J." dinia ii I ^esSAY ON INTEMPEPJV 13 t 36 saturated with alcohol — that fatal eu'u.sions of a spirit like serum frequently take place. Its albumonoid substance becomes hard, almost like the white of an egg in alcohol, and its texture is decidedly altered. Apoplexy is always imminent. The circulatory system is seriously affected ; the arteries being often abnoi-mally contracted, and tlie veins greatly and irregu- larly enlarged. Organic disease of tlie heart, especially ossifi- cation and fatty degeneration, is frequently induced. The blood ia much darker, the less coagulable, and more veinous in chai-- acter than in temperate persons. Consequently, digestion, aaaimilation, absorj^tiou, excretion, and indeed all the bodily functions, dependirg as they do on a healthy circulation, are imperfectly performed. The respiration gives signal indications of this loathsomo habit. The breath is general impregnated with alcohol, an.l is frequently attended with a disgusting fetor. Well autheutica. ted cases are on record of spontaneous C()mbu3tion,resulting from the ignition of this alcoholic gas. The lung substance itself frequently becomes tuberculous, and consumption is induccid. The pathology of drunkenness is not yet complete. Professor Sewell, of Columbia College, Washington, says : " Djspepsia, Jaundice, Emaciation, Corpulence, Dropsy, Ulcers, Rheumatism, Gout, Tremors, Palpitation, Hysteria, Epilepsy, Palsy, Lethargy, Apoplexy, Melancholy, Madness, Delirium-Tremens, and prema- ture old age, cora})osie but a small part of the catalogue of diseases produced by ardent spirits. Indeed, there is scarcely a moi'bid affection to which the human body is liable, tliat has not, in one way or another, been produced by it; there is not a disease but it has aggravate! ; nor a predisposition to disease which it has not called into action." Milton jtroperly depicts the fierce diseases v/hich intemperance should bring upon the earth in the dread vision which Michael showed to Adai)i before his expulsion from Paradise. — All maladiea [?*jSJ 14 ilSSAY ON riSfTfiMPEnAN'ci;. Of ghastly spn,sni, or r-.'larg toi hare, (jUiilni.^ ' C)f hcuj t aick iigou}', allfuvci-ous kinds, Conviil i< lis, q)ilepsio3, fierce catarrhs, Demoniac phn:'i!i-;y, in )|)ii)f^ ir.elanekoly. And in.oonHtrivc]. ir.a'.hicas, pining atrophy, Marasmus anl -yidc -.va/stin,;,' pestil'.'iice, Dropsiea andasih; ;.\s, and joint-nvj king rheuma. WJiiifc a fearful cixtalogue of (tv\h rcKuhiusr from this dire poison. For poison it k, ".-.uJciiy,'* says Dr. Mnrpliy, 'Vith hemlock, henbaue, prussic aoi.l, fox-glove, a,iid poison sumac." — Threo-quarters of an ounce, int.',) 1 need into the isfcnie alcohol poLsoniiig the name of raeoltoiL-jiiris Ls given by Dr. Hess, Another most striking eff^^t of habitual intemT)erance is the remarkable predisposition to dis'-aw^ v/liich characterizes its victims. It is estimatel tliab tlio li:ibill;;y t<-) siokness ami death is thus inci'.^ased fen/o'.d. A jihysician, of forty years practice writes : " Half the men, every yea:-, >v ho die of fevers, might recover had they not been in the habit of using ardent spirits." Dr. Cheyne, of Dublin, Ireland, gives it as hia opinion, aftor thirty years of practice and obs3rvatiorr, " T'lat should tea young men begin at twenty one years of ixge to use but one glass of two ounces a day, and never increase the quantity, nine out of the ten would shorten life more than ten years." Ai> oven half this degree of curtailment, it is O'Stimated that in the United Kingdom a million years of luunan life are cut short eveiy year. Intemperance especially |)rcdisposes its victims to epidemci diseases. " Their peculiar liability so suficr from the cholera poiso}>" says Dr. Caiiienter, " has been observed in all climates an-l under all circumstances. " When that "pestilence that wnlkoth in darkness, and destruction that wasteth at noon day, ' visited Canada and the United States for the first \ ' Mi *-,u ICSSAT ON INTEMPERANCE. 15 1. time, it was estimuted that f>.»uv-fifth.s of its victims jvero addicted to drink. According to Dr.Carpentcr the propor- tion is fre(jucntly live-sixUis. Dr. Bronson of Albany, who visited Canada to study th;i disease, writcd from Montreal : "Cholera ha.s stood up here, as it has done olosewhcre, the atlvocate of ternporaneo. It has ])leaded most eloquently and with tremendous effect. The diooase .las soa^-ehed out the haunt of the drnnlcanl, and lias .^eldom left it without bearing away its victim. Even the moderate diiu!:crs have lioen hut little better off, Ar'. of a Temperance Society, imd ae-.'-riling to a loetd paj.er not one druidiard who had been aLlackt-d recovered. "In Paris the tliirty thousand vlelirr.:* were, wltii few e:c;'eptions, those who freely used intoxicating drin;<:'t. Xino-tenihs of those wdio died in Poland were of the sam^ cltiss." 3:.on- seur ITubor who i-aw 2.lu'.) jicr-on.j peri>h in tweniyfivc days, in one town in Pusoia say.s,as quoted by Pr. Edwards, 'Persons given to drinking have been s\ve]jt away ljl;e rlies. In Titlis, containing 20,000 inhabttants,every drur.kard lias fallen — all are dead, not one i-eniains." Accoi'uing to .'. r. i.nderson, of G-Iasgov/, the mortality from ihis cause annr.ig tho previously temperate " averaged 2l)-2 per cent ; among the habitually intemperate it rose to the enormous ]jropor- tion of 91-2 percent. "So strong is my opinion upon this jx)int," he Vv'rites, -'that, had I tho powor, I would placard on every spirit shop in iho town tho words Cholera sold fi !)• 16 ESSAt ON iNTESlPERANCff ■•n. the ,.,.eva,oneo or .^^^Z^l^^^^T'': "'"'- of ardent snirits in ■,„ '" .™"- "» " ashington tlio sale ^i..vo of niit ; ; "L'^"";''''":' "■- 1"-''»"-'-' f- th. «.c.lu.an„», a, o v^;„ J:: ,'"" f"" ^'"'•" '"«"■ -att... it. Ti-o ,an,„ ;o„o,.:;.:: : :■ r :r zr ' '- "'""^ ' cognition oftliovih... OCT ""'°"'"»'- The practical ro. 'i'-o 1. seen i , . • ; ,f:L';:'r" '" ''■■"'-^■'"s l'— «"soi„tob- ..fuse to il;ti'^iv ::;••"" '""'■"■"■^^ ^^■" c« n«t twenty '-'.- ''vii^::.r^:::;tii:r^;r'^-''-^ >-^ «!ion is .X4.3 ycir. i,„l .(■ • " '"""'"S" 1'0P«- longor." Accordi„':to,l ''^ '' '""^'^'^ '"^" ^'"1 *.liryo, bnn di !;.! ""'" ■'""'""•"^ the relative fa. -i as ,re::a:::::; r:;p:::':-t;:;;.''- y » wide induction of facts derived from tl 1 e ' -on e.pos3a to t„e n,ost arduous ilr ^dr™ ^a wc 1 I ESSAY ON INTEMPERANCE. n vicissitudes of tomporatiu-c — nail-makors, glass-blowers. brick-makers, Arctic and Tropical explorers, and soldier-'. and sailors in every laud beneath tlie sun, and arrives at the conclusion that "instead of affording any assistance, they tend iu reality to depress the power of the system." This was proven however two thousands years ago by the Ro- man Legions that conquered the world and marched under a weight of armor that Avould crush a modern soldier ainl who drank nothing stronger than vinegar and water. With regard to inental labor few men did more of that. than Cobden during the Anti-Corn Law agitation and he has given this emphatic testimony, "No one has more faith than I have in the truth of the teetotal doctrine, both in a physical and moral point of view. The more work I have had to do the more I have reported to the pump ajid the teapot." We add the testimony of Mr. S. C. Hall, the well- known editor of the "Art Journal,"— ''110 lived," ho say>. "by the labor of his brain ; and he could testify tlmt since ho had become a teetotaller, he had an increase of intellec- tual power. As to endurance of fatigue he was able to work three times hmger than ever be could while ho in- dulged even moderately in the use of strong drinks." Those who seek alcoholic stimulants for the excitement of thoiv powers, generally, like Mozart, Burns, Byron and Poe, early paid the penalty of their indulgence by death. The prevalent opinion that spirits will enable one to undergo greater fixtiguo.is based upon the temporary stimulus that is felt upon their use ; but that criterion is as fallacious as it would be to auguv the increased strength of a eick pa- tient from the momentary energy of delii iuni. One of the most terrible characteristics of the vice of in-< temperance is its progressive nature. At first its bonds seem light as film of gossamer. The man boasts that he can drink or he can let it alone at his pleasure. At last its "M 18 ESSAY ON INTEMPERANCE. lbttor,s become strong a^ tliroo-fold cord. Tlicy bind the soul like iron bands, and ihongli the man may writhe and Hlrugglo to get fi'oo lilco the rcariiif^ war hoi'.-^o, yot lie i.s led with a stern o'cT-musterini,^ gi"i--^P) a captive in chaius nnder the tyi-anuy ol' this vi!o a])potito. We boast oi' our libovfy in Canada. We vaiiat ourselves that neithL-r wo nor (Hir fathers were ever in bondage to a:iy niau. That oven from the so-calie.l "Land uf Liberty" the wretched victims of Soutlicrn i;lavci'y, tied to our shore to fuul their shackles fall as they toucliod its soil and brcailrod its air. But are tiiuir no slaves in'CanaJ.a? .\re there not thousands of victims of a thraiduui far nnru Ltalling ihan tliat of Egypt ? The shucs, seif-futtei-ed of thoir own vile liauits ; groaning many of them, in the bit'orness of their anguish, ' wretched man thau i !i;ii ! wh^t s'hnll dtdive:- me from the body of this death V For hy a hiw of our nature thai tyranny becomes- muro dc-jpotic tno Ion:;or it (joiitinuc- . In coiise(|uence of this law — the law of sliiuulalion, moderate drinking, no called, almo.>t aiv>'ays degenerates into drunk- enness. The efi'octs of any unniitural stimulus, buch us opium or spirits, soon pa>!ses and a reaction or coliapso takes placo,during which the unstrung nerves crave the ropo- tition of the dram. Bai it soon requires a larger quaiitity to produce the wonted eif'ct, and the appetite grov.-s l.-y that which is given to appease it. 'TIence," says Dr. Gridley, "it is that the unhappy ESSAY ON INTEMPEllANCK. I'J clmso relief, iujatlato as the gravo, every fibre cries, give I give !" Lilco the tiger that has tasted blood the rajiacIouH ap))Ciilc olaniora for indulgence and the dictates of reason atid restraints of conscience arc alike borne down by the cravings of the senses. Tlie tiiui.l fjoul tliat strug'_;i03 to [;et frco Ik'Lv lines tlie more eiigii.gcil. When llcrcule.; was wrestling with Anticiis, the earth- born. Lis antagonist received now strength every time he tiUiclied his mother earth, and only when lie raised him aloft and crushed hiiu (o death in his arniswas the dcmi-god able to overcome his foe. So this Antrous-habit acquires a iniirlitier onei'u-v with each indulgence, and demands the e.vcrci.so ot llorculcan moral strength Hternly piovcnting that indiilgeuco before it can bo destroyrHl. licnco the im;) )r!anco of inebriate a-;ylum^anl otlior re-iirlcrive iniiuonccs, o.-[)oeially of the entire |>ro',\ii)ition of the traftic, for tlie protection of those wlio.^e power of mor- al restiaint is gone. For thin habit bocom^v; a disease, a madnciB—vuio maiiLu as Dr. Carpsnter calls it— that do- manda frequently medical treatment for its euro. Drunk- enness also frequently produces acute mental ai)0!*ration. Out of IS J cases of insanity in the Edinburgh asylum no loss than 59 were attributed to intsmparance, and in the Gla-igOA' asylum as much as 25.3 per cent of the insan- ity wa^ attribute J to tho same causa. In a report on the phj'sieal cause of insanity in Franco, M. Bohies the rmper- ial Commissioner, assorts that of 8,800 male and 7.100 fe- male lunatics, 34 ])er cent of tho men and G per cent of tho ^70men wore mado insane by intemperance. He did not in- clude in this estimate those mad? insane by excossivo grief or disappointment produced by intemperance, which would doubtless swell tho per centago to full}' one half Nor does this friirhtful result terminate with the vicum 20 E8SAY ON INTEMPERANCi::. himself. It is communicated, often in an aggrovatod dcgroo, ^ to his unfortunnto and innocent oilspring. Drunlccnnoss propagates itself and has a special tendency to produce idiocy, insanity, opilipsey, mental debility and predisposi- tion to intemperance in the children of parents addicted to this habit. In the report on idiocy to tho Legislature of Massachusetts, Dr. Howe remarks, '-The habits of the par- ents of 300 idiotA were learned ; and 145 or nearly one halt are reported as 'known to bo habitual drunkards.'" According to the last United States census, there are in that country 24,000 insane personH. Dr, Hiram Cox, of Cincinnatti, personally examined over four hundred cases of insanity before sending them to tho State Asylum, and reports that iwo-thir Is became insane through intempor- ance. Tho same ratio throughout tho country would givo an army of 1G,000 persons deprived of their reason by strong drink. Acco\-ding to Dr. Story, ono-third of these die every year and go raving and distracted into eternity, while their places arc filled by new recruits from the ranks of drunkenness. Tho same census reports 20,000 idiots, one-half of whom on the estimate of Dr. Howe are the children of drunkards. Thus '-The sins of the parents are visited upon the children to the third and fourth generation." '-The parents eat sour grapes and the children's teeth are set on edge." Suro'y any one with the feelings of humanity, eyen if carelesi about his own fate, would shrink from entailing upon his innocent offspring tho taint of madness or of idiocy or the insatiate craving for alcoholic stimulus. We will conclude this part of our subject with the follow- jng testimony of many distinguished physicians. 'All the undersigned aro of opinion 1 Tiiat a very largo portion of human misery, including a ii ■r I. I tsSAY OX INTEMPERANCE. 21 povorty,tHscaso nnd crime is inducod by tho use of nlcol.olic or fennentod ii(|uor as beverages. 2. Tiiat the most perfect hoalth is compatible AviMi total abstinence from all such intoxicating beverages, whu,' her in tho form of ardent spirits, or as wine, beer,ale,por:or,cider, otc, etc, 3. Tliat persons accustomed to such drinks, may with perfect satety, discontinue them entirely, cither i\l uuco or gradually after a short time. 4. That total and universal abstinence from alcoliolic li- quors and intoxicating beverages of all sorts would greatly contribute to the health, tho prosperity, tho moral ilj-, and tho haii])iness of the human race. This document was signed, according to Dr. Story, by over 5,U00 first class physicians in Groat Britain and Amer- ca. "I repeat it again and again," says Dr. Courtney, Sur- goon of the Royal Navy, "that alcohol in all its fbi'nis and combinations ; whether carefully homo brewed, (jr in tho wino that sparkles, is never converted into nourishment." ^'Intoxicating liquors in all their forms," says Dr.Trotter, "and however disguised; are the most productive causes of of disease with wliich lam acquainted." "Unnatural excitement by means of strong drinks," says Dr. Carrick, "occasions a proportlonato exhaustion of tho vital powers,a diminished capacity for subsequent exertion, a premature old age, a life of suffering, and an early death." These testimonies might bo multiplied indefinitely, yet wo frequently find medical men prescribe tho use of alcohol to those who have been the victims of excessive indulgence and thus too often rivet tho fetters of habit, prevent the possibility of their reform, and hasten tbeir progress to a drunkard's, grave. Dr. Monroe, of Hull, tho author of the «2 S.4T ON tSlimVFUA^fSV.. ''iniy:ii o\ui^ie»l Action o :' AlfuLoI," record.s » thriUiui,. inol- deiK. in UU own practice showing Iho dan^au- trfprosci'ibin^j alel ic driuifj* a« meUicino. -A hard-working.indu.strious, G(KM'vftrsr.^2( mau, " lio suyt*, "a Icototaller of sonio yi'tirs f^tnnding, uj^jdi, -1 fo me for advico. I c()»i;*<'ientiously but ciToi.eousiy l.elicvi 1 in tlu; liealth-robtoring jiroiiTiics of stout and oi'dcu'cd him a IdMIo a day. 'J canu'il. lak'o ii Doctor,' he .said, 'I was a drindvcn man oneo, f NhnuM not like to hccomo one again.' •Well,' said I, 'if you know bot^ tor than Iho d)M'.n; it in no nso ajiplying to nic.' ][o was tmicdi again, t hit will prevailed on to take the sloni, when ho got well : prai:,ed tiio virtues of the ntont na the moans of saving his life and loclured him fuj- being sucdi a Ihnatic as at firc.t to refui-e."' The doelor io:st sight of his patient for some time, lint at last found him a wreLvlH'd inebrinto. lu reply to a ren-ion- s>t?: CO on hirt eoiiduct he hiccupjiod out the reidy, "iioctor, your medieiiio cured my i ody butitdamno.l my kouI," --."As I drove away," nays the Doctor, "my (ioul v/as full of bitter renoctioiis that I had been the cause of ruining this man's ]u-<>.spoct;3 not only in time, but in olcrnily. Ho had been a cliurch member, an indefa- igablo Sunday ;:chool teacher, a jirayer-ieader to whoso earnest a])j)eals for tho salvation of olliors, I had often listened wilh pleasure and odiftcatiou. :iow wJiat a wreck I Turned out of tho church in which he was once an ornament, his religion sncriliccd, hisuscfulnevs marred, his l.opcs of eternity blasted, a poor dejected slave to Lis jiassiou lor drink, withouL mercy and without hope ! Can you wonder, then, that I never order strong driuK for a patient now ?" But on purely p> sioiogical principles the same conclu^ sioii may bo arriv-'d -, I , Gtm- Inor, Surgeon of tho Royal Inurmary, Glasgow, i^^i . ro,' .ix hundred cases of typhus tHHAt ON IKTI.MPKRAkCK. fbvor, half with modioinos contuiniii^ nlcoliol 'tvI Imlf witt) modioinos containin/jf n") uIcjIioI. Of the former ho lont sovcnleeii jioi' (out.of the Intler only twolvo per cftntv-^'iow- ing the oul dKI'cL of uvon the small quivntify of alcohol in modiciiiO'. T;IE FlNANcrAI, EVILS OF INli:Mt'EllA>(E. The liiuiiicial lot'os prmluced by intomi)ei'anco, i^rout (va they aro in thomsolves, are ot \cm iuiportaucf) than tho moral aivl social ovils which it caiisos ; uovcrtholoss, an tho.so losses form a i)alpablo reason of a most convincing sort to a certain utilitarian order of mitul,they aro hero ad- duced together with the oilccts of intcmporanco in produc- ing crinio and the conse(|Ucnt incrca e of the expense in ita repression and punishment. There aro some indeed who even defend tho tratlie on the i^roniid of t!)o revenuo deriv- ed from the excise and custom duties on spirits, and from the license system. Lot us see how the balance of profit and loss will stand, and in order to do so wo must come down from ^figuves of speech to plain tiguros of arithmc-. tic. The most complete statistics on the traiiic and its effects in Canada are those prepared for the parliamentary com- missioners appointed to prepare a report on the subject of prohibition in the year 1859. The following extracts from the report will show the evidence they obtained and the opinior tlioy formed. (See Appendix.) Returns have been received from tho SheriiTs of thirt}^ eight of the forty-two counties of Upper Canada, from which it appears that in the Jails under their control 15,975 persons were imprisoned daring the three yoar.i ending with 1853 ; and as from the united testimony of these gon- tloracn more then three fuurths ol the prisoners were com- mitted for drunkenness, or for offences perpetrated while under the influence of liquor, it follows that 12,000 for the 24 fiSSAY ON INTEMrBUANCEi i three years or 4,000 jier aniuini of the cntix-o comraitmonts arc diroctlj^ traceable to the use of liquor." "From llie evidence apj)onded (o this report from the ro- turus leeeived by your committee from all parts of the country— from villages, towns and cities, as well as from the rural municipalitios-and from their own personal ob- servation, your committee are thoroughly convinced— i il. That indulgence in the use of intoxicating liquors is the cause of most of the suftering and 6orro^y,'the poverty and crimes, which afflict Upper Canada ; and, . 2. That it is the duty of parliament to mitigate, dimin- ish, and, if possible, extirpate the cause of these evils." In fiu-or of a ])rohibitory law petitions signed by 180,000 ' persons were presented, being by f-ir the largest number that ever petitioned the house for one object. That intcmperange is productive of crime is no mere as- sumption, but is demonstrated by the amplest evidence. By acting principally upon the basic portion of the brain, alcoholic liquors stimulate the animal passions and the des- tructive and quarrelsome propensities. They produce an absolute mania impelling its subject to the commission of murder, arson, assault, theft, and to the indulgence of lust. When John Girdwood, executed for the murder of his sou, was about to be hung, he said to the people : '^Fellow men, before God, in whoso presence in a few minutes I 8hall stand, I would as soon have taken my own life as that of my dear boy, but I was maddened by the drink and knew not what I was doing." When L'r.Pritchard,of Glasgow, was about to be executed for the murder of his wife and mother-in-law lie said, "I can assign no motive for the do..i beyond a species of ter- rible madness and the use of ardent spirits !" Dr. Story tells of a mechanic in New York who, when under the influence of liquor, felt an almost uncontrolablo ^ E98AT ON INTEMPERANCE. 25 ommitmonts from tlio ro- parts of the 'oil as from )ersonal ob- inced — ^; liquors is the jioverty ;?nte, dimin- evils." by 180,000 ;c,st number lo mere as- t e\-idencc. the brain, md the des- produce an amission of ICC of lust. i'doY of his ) : '•Follow minutes I lifo as that drink and executed 3 said, "I :ios of ter- i'ho, when ioutrolablo I V inclination to kill his wife. With tears in his eyes ho said that he loved his wife as dearly aa any man could, but sev- eral times wliilo intoxicated he had caui'ht himjjclf with weapons in his hands preparing to take her lifo, and had to hasten from hor presence to prevent himself doing so. Dr. Munroc tells of a laboring man who, whon drunk, had an innano do;iire to burn his employers' grain stacks, and afterwards served fifteen years in pris.-n for doing 80. Wealthy ladies are often the su!)ject of a klcj)lomaniac impulse, the result of drinking,that frequently brings them to disgrace and shame. By this vice especiallj- is recruited and mainlaiticd that large and unhappy cl su of the daughters of sori-ow and of shame— whose discrowned womanhood may seldom be rcs tricved— tiiO.so blighted flowers that might have flourished fair in dear liome-gardens but Avhom the brutal lusts of man have trampled beneath their satyr feet. Eut for intemper- ance that form of vice known as pre-emiuently the social evi:, which is tb? curse and shame of our clirl.stian civiliza- tion would bo vastly restricted if not entirely suppressed. Tho tendency of intemperance to produce crime is illus- trated by the fact, cited by Dr. Carpenter, that in the mili- tary service of tlie Madras Presidency, a^'cording to the Gavernment Gazette, only eight teetotallers were punished by their commanding officers to one hundred and one in- temperate soldici's. Again, a reduction of tho spirit allow- unco in the Mediterranean fleet, of onl}' one half, I'osultcd in a diminulioa of the punishment of o\or 70 per ccul. "•The prevaleiico of crime," s.-^ys Dr. Carjicntei-, "i,s alnjo-t in tiie same proportion as that of intcinpei-ance." Thi^• id A finds abundant corroboration in Canadian slatipticf... In Li.i evidence before tho parliamentary commission, Howlai id Jjiirr, Esq., of tho city of Toronto, a justice of the peace and ( 1 1 26 BSSAT ON INTEMPERANCE. f C r ~> '■ "■■ "'"'^ *™°'y J-"""- ='»""• that fe,m pe.8„nal exammation he fouad that nine o„t of ten of th" male prwoners and nineteen out of twenty of the females were bought to prison through drink, and nearly a^^f l.om s,g„ed a petition for a prohibitory law. From an e^- am,nat,on of the Jailor'^ books, he found that out of 25 oTo l"-..onors ,n the jail., in four years, 22,000 had been brought there by into.x-icating drinks. • ftom official trade returns it appears that during tho pr v,ous three year,, the Government derived from eusLs and exe.se duties or, spirit,, and lice„.,es, 8500,000 per an,' .."m,wh,le the annual cost .o the consumers of 11 ese I q.iorswas?6,000,000. .-Thus," says Mr. Burr, ..The Gol «Zoo nnn'','™'-''" '°" ^•''"■'•^'^''>'>'>-'>'^«: "costs the people 8. 0,,000 Icavng a loss of 845,000,000 in ten year., totho ^ nolo Provinco. The number of bushels of grain annually usod in the dis- ,-0^°:™°""!°'''"'°^"'"' '■° '«-"'£. fc the last ten " 5cars,a:^ounts to 10,000,000 of bushels, and costs the Pre. ■ vn>ee § 0,000,000 amounting to .855.000,000 in ton years Then the costs of Criminal Justice is annually SlOO 000 ofwh,ch fairiy half can be set down to liquor wllh " amounts „, ton years to 8500,000-making a fair average lived from tho business. According to the table which I have kept of one hundred ..juor dealers for fifty years, the loss of human labor by a™;. at"s°ro '" '" '"" ""'■"' '" '''"" ^-"»' ""-k sho:d be IcT"""""" "™" •™™"' *" ''•'''■""> ''•-'> nuring the ten ycaj-g which have elapsed since Mr. Burr made h,s calculation, tW.8 ,««ormo«s waste has been at icaat E. , Stated that from out of ten of the ty of the females • ind nearly all of w. From an ex- hat out of 25,000 iiad been brought that during tha ' 3d from customs, ?500,000 per an, lors of these li^ Burr, "The Gov- '. costs the people ten years to tho used in the dis- - 0,000 in the last for the last ten i costs tho Pro- in ton years. lually $100,000 liquor, which a fair average be revenue da- of one hundred iman labor by I years, which ,000,000 which ince Mr. Burr .8 been at l.Qaat ESSAlf ON iNlTEalPERANCE. 2t doubled, making an aggregate of over $100,000,000 lost through strong drink, enough according to the estimate of Mr. Sauford Fleming, to build and equip a broad gauge railway through British Territory from tho Atlantic to the Pacific. That Mr. Burr's estimate of tho loss of labor is not exag- gerated is apparent from a record which ho kept fjr lifly four years of one hundred liquor dealers on Yongo Street, whom ho knew. This record reads a^ follows : "Number of ruined drunkards in tho hundred families. 214 Lo.ss of property once own.d in Real Estate 8293,500 Number of widows left ' .^^j " "■ orphans >>-jr Sudden deaths ,, Suicides, publicly known 13 Number of premature deaths by drunkenness 203 Murder:-).. . ...,,„ , Executions ., Number of years of human life lost by drunkenness.. .1,015 What force of rhetoric could highton the appalling eifoct of that calm, di.spassionato report. Mr. Burr's evidence as to the effects of intemperance on crime is abundantly corroborated by that of the Govern^. raent officials. George Allan, Esq., the Governor of Toron- to Jail, stated that in three years the number of commit- ments to that institution was 5,826, of which number those for drunkenness amounted to 4,523 or over three-fourths of the whole. The Rev. Hannibal Mulkins, Chaplin of the Provincial Penitentiary, stated that in a single year out of 408 convicts only ten were total abstainers. The Chaplain of the Massachusetts State Prison testifes that niaeteen out o. tv/enty of the prisoners wore confined for crimes com- mitted through the agency of liquor. Out of twenty-two murders, twenty proceeded from the same cause. The Gov- 28 ESSAY ON INTEMPERANCE. ornor of the State asserts that of six hundred prisoners who made application for pardon, aH but two had committed the crimes for which they were imprisoned, under the influence of liquor. From a statement puijlishcd some years ago by ProBl- dcnt Hitchcock, it appears that the consumption of ardent spirit;! in the United States, at that time, was 50,000,000 of gallon.^', at an annual co.-.t to the country of 630,000,000 and an additional annual loss of $30,000,000 in the productive la- bor of a00,000 citizens made drunkards. Twentj'-iivo thou- sand lives were cut oif prematurely. Two-thirds of the pau- perism costing 67,000,000 and two-thirds of the crime com- mitted by an army of near 100,000 wretches resulted from the same cause, to say nothing of the conflagrations, acci- dents, shipwrecks and other losses which it produced. It causes the premature death of one-fortieth of the popula- tion and of one third of those over twenty years of ago. It sends into eternity five hundred drunkards every week, ;ind, if God's word be true, five hundred immortal spirits in- to the regions of endless woo. Similar to this is the computation of Bishop Mcllvaino. "^Vhat are the statistics of this trafnc ?" he asks, "ask the the records of mad houses and they will answer that one third of all their wretched inmates were sent there by in- tomporanco. Ask the keepers of our prisons and thoy will testify, that, with scarcely any exception, their horriblo population is from the school of intemperance. Two thirds of the 200,000 paupers that burden the hands of charity are the victims of intemperance. Inquire at the gates of deatli and you will learn that 30,000 annually pass to the judgment bar of God, driven there by intemperance. The number of it« victims is estimated at 480,000,and the nation pays for the support of this system of ruin, five times ad t i h prisonera who ommitted tho ' the influence ig'o by Preei- :ion of ardent 00,000,000 of 0,000,000 and productive la- ty-fivo tho a- is of thopau- crime com- 'csulted from nations, acci- »roduced. It ' the popula* rs of age. It every week, tal spirits in- p Mcllvaino. k8, "ask the er that one there by in* nd thoy will eir horrible Two thirds 3 of charity bo gates of pass to the ranee. The id the nation re times ad E3JAY ON INT.^.\IP£R.iNca o., mach every year as for the support of the eutire sy.toiu of govern n: cat." -V-'^Ju oi Our latest .tuti.tics are those compiled ia.t year hy p, S^jy, of Chicago, who has calculated from^he Uni :i. bta OS revenue returns and other reliable sources of ^n f^ mation, that in the ve-ir m«7 th. ■ countrv tho P l' ' '''''' consumed in thut counti^ the iullowi,)g quantity of liquors : Oi distilled liquors i .n .,-. . ■ Of browul li,V«.... '"Ty °""°"" Of sported l,a„ors ,0,000,009 ■■ Total 'f'iTr.'r a • T!,;- ,• 1 . 5.10,0 .0,000. ana.hiidi. toe country, or in tho ag .roo-ato eno.P-', /• float a rospoctablo navy. ' o-^Leenou^a to In the m-iiiufucturo of" tl^U fi, >..,. , J >va«sLni,ana wor.-e than wa^tfi nt f.,.. .-. dostiojccl Ijoforo ,t could bo mamiPK-hn-I „-< • 1^-^U.tul beverage, but iato an absoi:;: ;:;:!; "^^"^ I to the regions of eternal hell. Who slew all these ? How terrible the thought that tie agents of the accursed traffic shall have to meet before the bar of God, their hapless victims, and there give an ao- cx)ant of the deeds done in the body. What a vast army 18 this I How much might it accomplish for the material development of the earth, for its intellectual improvement for Its moral elevation - What marvelous political economy 18 that which, for a paltry present g.in, withdraws their energies from the production of wealth, and makes them not merely consumers but wholesale destroyers ? When dread Bollona ''cries havoc ! and lets slip the dogs of war, ruin and desolation follow in her train. But her occasion!..! ravages are trivial compared with the continual wasting and blight produced by intemperance. War may have slain Its millions but intemperance its tens of millions After the dread field of Waterloo,half of Britain was thrown into mourning, but a more terrible slaughter yearly is made by intemperance and the whole land mourneth by reason thereof. As in the last and terrible plague of E^ypt m a most every house is one dead I What family is un^' scathed by this curse ? What home is safe from it^ power , Painful as is wai-, it is not without its compensations. An- cient patriotism uttered the universal instinct of the race in the saying '.--Bulce et decorum pro patria man:' The martyr blood of our slain heroes poured out or, he altar of - Jberty, consecrates the soil, and an aureola of glory haloes their memory-forever. The soldier's son repeats with pride the story of his father's fame, the while his widow smiles through hertears the radiant smile of triumph. But no such compensation mitigates the pang of sorrow for the hecatomb, ui victims yearly slain by the Moloch, intemporanco. The fathers name calls upon the cheek of maiden modesty th9 blush of shame, and at the memory of his death tl^e Al 22 EfJSAT ON INTE.MPiiRANCE. bcart of the wifb is lacoratod afresh. For it ^yus noi his life ^lono that WHS slain but his lovo, Ins honor, hi. manhood, and his soul I No foroi-n u-ar, no donic;stic revolt, no I.jastin- phi., the men of influence in their churches; the men who hold the purse strings or control the otucial board, are connected with the manufacture or the sale of liquor. shame upon such men ! dumb dogs that dare not bark,cra- ven spirits that contaminate their palms with bribes, that sell the jn-icst's office for apiece of brend ! Oh ! for tho spirit of Elijah to denounce those troublers of Isivael, who hy their unhallowed traffic make God's house a den of thieves, or for that ol the Master to drive them from its sacred precincts, or that of St. Paul to prcacli of temper- ance and the judgment to come, as did he before the royal debauchee. Some ministers of the gospel even set before their flocks the evil example of partaking of intoxicating liquors themselves, and seek the inspiration of wine rather than that from on high. Although the demon of intemper- ance lays waste the heritage of God and destroys his vine- yard, yet those keepers of the vineyard have not kept their own vineyard, and the foxes, the little foxes of refined and elegant and social drinking have spoiled their tender vines. Although this enemy of all righteousness assails the battle- ments of Zion, these watchmen on the wall have slumber* ed at their post, and lifted not the standard nor blown tho trumpet of alarm. Nay, they have even traitorously intro- duced 'the enemy within the city, therefore the inhabitants thereof have fallen in multitudes by thchandof tho enemy, they have perished in their iniquity, "but their blood will ft- 'ESSAY ON INTKJIPEHANCE. 39 1 require at the watchman's hands," saith the Lord, la all such cases the old adage is verified. Like priest like people,-a tipi)ling parson will soon make a tinnlin.. church. ^^ '= We have a right to expect that tjie cluirch of Christ should lead the van, and that christian ministers should ho the captains of the host of God in thi. Holy war,-a cru- Bade to rescue from perdition the souls of men, more -h>ri- 0U8 than that of old to wrest from the infidel the empty se- pulchre of Christ The trophies of this warfare are not garments rolled in blood, and brazen helms all battle-stain- ed and dinted ; the march of this army is not marked by burning villages and devastated fields, [ts final victory will be a world redeemed and disenthralled from the dominion of intemperance and restored to the service of Christ. Of the issue of this warfare there can be no doubt. The progress of reform may bo slow but it is sure. Like the mighty forces of nature its operations may bo gradual but they are resistless. At present nothing so reUmls the chariot wheels of tho gospel as intemperance. The city missionary of Toronto states, and his statement is corro- berated by all who have experience of the subject, that it is the besetting sin that prevents the evangeliziition of th« masses. But this old and hoary system ot'wrong is being heaved up in the sight of all men, and is receiving the ex^- oration of all men. As the icebergs of tho uortirmelt ra- pidly away before the tepid washings of tho Gulf Stream, so the giant sin-bergs of intempn-anee and its attondauc' vices shall melt away before tlie resistless washings of the sea of a rectified nul opinion ; and who so lets fall a sin- gle warm lovetear, or who so feels a single heart throb for the sorrows of the drunkard,who so puts forth asingleearn- est effort for his wellfare, hastens tho day when this curse J 40 ESSAY ON INTEilPERANCE. sliall utterly ])a6s away, or bo i«emoml»ered only as a hide- ous dream. Intomperanoe may still hang, like a dark pall of mid- night over the land, hut a brighter day is surely dawning. The blind old world is turning in its troubled sleep. It is shaking from it this deadly incubus that so long has brood- ed over it. The viie mass of midnight and darkness flee away. The m,rn\ug eometh. its freshnefis breathes around us now. Light k breaking on every pi])])ing out tbis great important aptist pro- fdono will tivod with- D spiritual oted tern- an organ- .be bouse md of tbo irit of in- itraneo of eeds that seeds of janization • r ii ' !\ than one ^vhich has beea maintained for sometime in con- nection with the Berkley St. Wesleyan Methodist chureli in the city of Toronto. It has been in existence some fifteen months, during which time it has received 6T0 names to its pledge, and restored many drunkards to the path of so- briety. The advantage of such an organization is, that it goes straiglit to its work. It wastes uo time or strenirth in mere ceremonial or complex ritual, li has r.o secrets, sym- bols, passwords or grip-i, to wliicli adjuncts, harmle:,.-; in themselves, some good temperance men liave conscientious objection. Such au iustitiiliou will oi;taia the moral sup lx>rtof the churcli, will have a reliable guarantee as to the character of its exorcis^js and iaaaagcino.U,ana will rocoivo the sympathy of tiio comrmiiifty. II will enlist more di roctly tlian any other, the co-oporatior. of the pr.stoi- and official members of tlio ciiuivli. It will educate and .leve lope a temperance conscience in the congregation. It will train up the cliiidren in the principles of total abstinence. The Sunday School will also become an affiliated Juvenile Tcmpa-anco Society. And unless juvenile societies arr- seconded by the example and influence of adults they can do but little good, as the Sundiiy Scb.ool would be of little use un'es ;ho church corroborated its instructions. THE NECESSITY FOR ORQAXlZATIuN AND THE DUTIES OF TEMPEEANCE MRN. One pressing necessity of the Temperance lleforra is the thorough organization of its strengih. A body of men, who without discipline or drill would be an unwieldly mob, if organized into an army can bo hurled like a thmirln,-boIt against any opposing force. In like manner there are scattered through the community many staunch Temper anco men, who, individually, can exert little influence, but in concert with others they could accomplish much for the cause. The great need of the cause therefore, is some broad 42 ESSAY ON INTEMPERANCE, inmg t.icir sjiiipiilhios and enlisting th behalf of this or any other object. But no united can supply the place of individual effort. Do you 1 g tiieir energies in action /. «^ common platform on which all temperance men may meet, some common standard around which they all may rally^ The difleront orders of Templars, 8ons, Rechabites, and ^-arions other Temperance Societies need to combine their strength for a united attack upon the common enemy. These various organizations are like the different brigades and regiments of the same great army, wearing different uniforms it is true, and marching under different regimen- lal colors, yet rallying around one common standard, and animated bj one common purpose. They require,for their efficient action, to be embodied in one grand phalanx, b&. fore whose unbroken front the hosts of Alcohol shall be imt to rout. This is the purpose, wc conceive, of the Can- ada Temperance Union,au institution of the broadest Cath- olicity, which will gladly hail the co-operation of every Tempoi-anco man or woman in the country, irrespective of their individual affinities or alliances. One great work of such an organization will bo to diffuse inforn.ation on the subject of Temperance ; to educate pub- he oj)inion on this important topic, to create and foster an efficient, Tomi)erance Literature— periodicals, essays, books and tj'acts— which will aid in the formation of a healthy popular sentiment. It must, to be successful, use powor^ fully the mighty engine of the Press, in the dissemination ana inculcation of those great principles which lie at the foundation of the movement. Temperance men must avail themselves of the advantages to be deriyed from popular Temperance meetings, public addresses, open air demon. strations, conventions,of everything in fivct that will awak- en public interest and help on the cause. There is nothing like the living voicr and personal contact with men for . (^ now a EaSXT ON INTEMPERANCE. 43 poor drunkard struggling in the toils of tLis vilo habit ? li BO go to him, lay your hand upon his arm, and ask him to the Temperance meeting. Show your sympathy for him and that you ma}"- show it, feel a deep sympathy in your heart. Be not disheartened if he fails to reform at once. Try again and again while there is the least prospect of success. It was by this manifestation of human sympathy that the great apostle of Temperance, John B. Gough, was ree- cued from his life of wretchedness and sped upon his high career of usefulness. The prophet of old, when he would recall the dead child to life, laid himself upon his body, heart to heart and mouth to mouth. In like manner, if we would revive and quicken the torpid consciousness of the confirmed inebriate, it will be by the manifestation of a. warm and living sj-mpathy and personal interest. The Temperance community should use its political in- fluence for the promotion of the cause. Its voting strength is considerable. In many parts it carried the Dunkin Act but having relaxed its eft'ort, the law became in-oporative. It should send in petitions, exact pledges of the parliamen- tary candidates, and see that these pledges are kept. This is a more vital^interest than any other. Till this is settled the test question should be, not, is the would be Member of Parliament, Liberal or Conservative, ministerial or opposi- tion, in favor of coalition or of party governmeut, but will he vote for temperance laws, the punishment of their viola- tion, restriction of licenses, and as soon as possii>lo strin- gent prohibition 1 If Tem])erance men would sink miner differences and agree upon this paramount object, they could carry the country and sweep from otfico any Govern- ment that would refuse to grant the people's prayer for protection against this greatest curse that ever blasted any land. Let the people arise in the majesty of their might 44 ESSAY ON INTEMPERANCE. and demand, in tones which those that nial^e our laws will understand, the granting of such wise and righteous mea- sures as will deliver the country from the scourge of In- temperance. This vox populi will be indeed loj' dei, and like his living word shall not be unfulfilled. THE DUTIES OF LEGISLATORS WITH REFERENCE TO THE LIQUOU TRAFFIC. It is nnqucstionabl}' the paramount duty of legislators to enact wise and good laws for the restraint of vice, and the encouragement of virtue, — "for a terror to evil doors and a praise to them that do well." Yet hov.- often does the ro- cogniKcd law of the land become the active abettor of ini- quity ! It plies men with temptations to vice and then pun- ishes them for its practice. It stimulates them to the com- mission of crime and imprisons them therefor. It impover ishes the masses and then taxes tlio community for their support. It derives a revenue from the vices of the people and makes gain out of their follies and crimes. It gives to a class of men the privilege of making of their fellow sub- jects; bcgg.ars; ruffians and rogues, under its august protec- tion. It permits them io ruin their fellow men, in mind loly find cstate,and to send their souls to endless perdition under tlie authority of Act of Parliament. Small wonder when there is such antagonism between man's laws and the eternal laws of verity and justice that retribution dcs- conds u])on the guilty land whci'c these things are done. We appeal to every patriot to strive to rescue our country from ruin. Amid its out'.k'aid prosperity a worm is at ita htart, preying upon its vit-als, and inducing atrophy, wast- ing and decay. It is the vjorm of the. still. A monster more terrible than the fubled dragons of yore thai devoured their dailj' meal of human flesh and blood. As the glori- ous Sun god,Apollo,smoto with his arrows of ligb^ the abo- minable mud born Python of old, so law, rising in her ful)- ; fiSSAY ON INTEMPERANCE. 4ft our laws will ,fhtcous mea-* :;ourt;-o of In- vo.r ilei, and E TO THE legislators to ,'ice, and the 1 doors and a does tlio re- bettor of ini- \w& then pun- m Lo tiio com- '. It inipover lity for their oftiio people . It {7;ive3 to \r fellow sub- ignst protec'* ncii, in mind ess perdition Small wonder in's lawM and tribution des- Q-s arc done. onr country orm is at ita .trophy, wast- Qftiislor more lat dijvoured A& the glori- liii'h^. ilie abo- n'f in her myy- ' J. \ lime majesty, should hurl her lightning bolts of wrath at this hy.lra-he ded boast, intem])erance, that desolates tho whole land. Many of tho wretched victims of intemper- ance themselves crave protection fro)n the tem.jilationB that lie ill wait on every side. Tliey feel their own lack of moral power to resist these temptatiojis. aiid ni:,ny of tlicm Lave lliereforo made a])plicati()n for [Jicii- reception into inebriate asylum^;, and voluntarily ],ut (hernscho-; un- der restraint that they may overcome the horrible criwing for strong drink. For this craving a;-.;^ut;u^••; the fo^rm of u disease, of a perfect mania, and of such Dr. iiutcliin.^on of Glasgow afiirms that, "paradoxical ihoiigh it may t^eem, such Ii.di-, iduals are sane only when conlir.od in an asylum." But coinp;*ralively few can receive the benefits of iher* asylums. liowovv.'r great those benefits may )>e. In this at* in evei'\- (;ilier case, surely prevention were far better than cure. IIuv,' strangely absard to scatter broadcast on e\cry side iho seeds of pestilence and then build hosj^itals for the cure of a fcvv^ of tho infected. What is wanted is the com- plete I'opression of the whole godless traffic, which will speedily bo followed by tho restoi-ation to sobriety of thosx* who arc addicted to excessive drialcing, and tho prevention from contamination by the habit, of tho }-oung and inno- cent. But hero v/e are mot with tho outcry that prohibition is unconstitutional, that it is an infringement on tho righte and liberties of tho subject. Yet we do not fius, so that by the death of L'0,000 pei>sons yearly, {and this c. mpnta- tion U fiir under tho mark,) the revenue loses fai- more tliau it gains, Eut how can the price of v.-hcat and barley bo reduced ? I]y prolubiting forcver~hy making a full end of that lane of lioallh, that destroyer of life and virtue — distilling." But tlie best demonstration of tlio feasibility of prohibi- tion is its actual accomplishment. Tliis lias been already done with the happiest results in many places, hut to the ehamc of Christendom, be it said, most of these have been in actual or j-ecently heathen or Mohamedan countries. It is well known that it is -part of tlie religion of the followers of the False Prophet to abstain from wine. In recent times it has Ijecn prohibited among tho native tribes of South Africa, of Hawaii, of Otahieti, of Madagascar, and among the blacks at Liberia, and the whites at Pitcairn's Island. In Great Britain over sixty-six extensive land owners, among whom are tho Duke of Buccleugh and tho Marquis of Westminster, twopeers who possess tho largest yearly revenue both in Scotland and England, and many others whose territoiies are very large indeed, are prohi- biting the liquor traffic on their estates. The noble exam- ples of prohibition in the United States prove not only its practicability but its immense advantage to the entire com- munity, Universal testimony shows that crime, drunken- 45 n0 4S rtiil ;;;ui ESSAY ON IXTEMl'ERANOB. tlio m ^•inponsm almost entirely .lidappoaro.l, nrvl th«t groat <>'•«', rolio-ions ..md industrial habits ofthopoopi ij improved. Jail.s and poor houses wor e wore ,, . , " i^"""' """'^v;^ wui'o omptiod of .. a- IcnnntH. a„i Iho goldon ago .ocne.l ,o lave begun, 0,«„.on j,„...t, L,„,, Bro„«ha,„, a,*,,., .-Tho kw .iver i ™,K.,.,,,,vo„- ,,,,„„a t„ „,,„ ,„•, „,,, „,,„„ ;. ^ ^ ^,„fc^ o.,„„p,o„f t,„, P„;,..| ,s,,„e» ,.,,„.,™ nit ,..,a,.„,L «-o -Ik.,,!.! ,.:|.mv „„ „„„.,„,, .v,„,,„a,v v.hj, ,ho ,„„„t,„,. ha,.d o,„-„o,l ,„o,,oj- „Cit, ,.!c,,,i,„,^ ,,,,,, i, I,,,, ,,„. ,„ vanho«.-l,„, ,„ ,„o!,. „„o,.. ,.„,„ „„. „,,.,, „„ .,^^. ^^^ ," k^^mi,. ,,,,,,.....„,,,,,,. on fo,. ,],.,■,. v.,.,..o,,H ,,.,";. hen,,... .n, coin, t,,,. ,„,.,,,,,,„,„,,,,,,;,„,, ,^,, t^tr:: ::;:;;::';e!';;:i •'»''-;"' '';r'-'»'^ ,. . ^^-"- -^''".^ P'"^' 'J;> colossal fnrianos or tho™,„ ct „„„.,., They ,.o,„. u„.i,. !,„,„,, „,\,,,i,°, ncl,ii,3 Ijonps. TI,...-iwi,l,l .,„ I il,-- ■. . '"" "• t.oub, „i l,l,„„i s,„ ,„, ,,,,„. ^,^i,_^ ,^,^^^ - l.;.,n,ca v,.|,„-,!,e .pcot.e, of tl.o ,„.„l „..„- „„, "a ' Jfoc.n,no can ,v,„al ,h,-.. T„ inj,,,-,, „„. ,,,,;, ,„,. „ ^,„ war .s ,v,.o„„. To i„i,„.e ,,i,„ ,•„ ,,„ ,,„,,„„^ „,. ,,., ^^ J y o,. icpnlalion, i. „„ om,„ee of v;l,iol, ,.,o l,uv, of tl,„ iLd take oogn,.a„oe, l.,t ,„ „o..t,.oy l.i,, .„,„,„,,.,.o sl,„ll ™ fi , wo,* „, o.,,,o,, the ono,.n,i,y of ttm sin ? If i,. o,,;"™ - a . „„„. a,,,,,, .^,i„,, ,, ,, |,,,,,„„,, „, ,,^ No na.ec, „„ wi,,,..e,„„„, „,eov„n t,,o info-nal )„,e„']ir(!Msion Is toward it." * the aj^-entsof t coih-IusionH 10 (hat is ca- 'a!ei)t for the ^s (hr> wolf of (J my of mi.>. '*^, and pnjs that toucbe.s ' io blood and ! 1 fori III! OS on j on ;i jiilo of s oankercd. ! tisoy build ' hnvG Hlaiii. iior in any bi^ pi'opot' of tiio land mil wo find ii> ono com- :5bow white ' the. pit.' I Jn2:enniK\' tbip. An ;! ES8AT ON :NTE3IPERANCE. 49 the oa u;,; :!„'. ::" """'!""' ''"■^"■"^■■^ '-'"■»^'- ■•« to hi. .u«iot :?;::, i;"!-^' ''- "--' "■>• '^u,o in cha,.actori.i„g the i it, " \, ■ ^''V'''"'"'-'''''" ^^-'"^ wnni^ I ■ "iKluilj Of tins call ns, rises intn nn wonted vohomonoo of do„„„6iatiou. -AIi;.l„ , u "„' Iiquora to aiiv that ivlll l,., . "'■" " "f> '><'ll tlieso ever ; it • v!;; ;^r"'T-'' ''' """'^^■■""' "»''•'-• "» "-y thon would „„:. tVoi,. ' "'''' "^ "'°^° ™"" ? "'I'o tHo .ones, ti.e u..Ca:zz:T:::::' 1^^ "^ of God i. in their ga.'dons, thoi,- walk, ' 1 1 ''" that b„™. to tho -thorn o. ";■,: ".T'Tf-? "^^ the foundation, .],„ t,„„,, .,,, w 1. the 'n " """■"' with blood ! And can,t t ou 1,™ A to' "" "'"''""^ though thou art "clothed in.c ,?;„,,' '"",."''™ '' '''"«•' snmptuouslroverydar" 1 u ''"""'"""■'"™t the£cld. of bl V;Vtrd "''"'"'•' ''°'"-''-™ wo;':rTftut:r:'\i:""^'"'°'''--"«'^'^^ ■ d^ing the endless futle XZi] " «'""'^ ^""^»'»™^ tims, done to death bv th: , """'"""^ "^ "'^ "« .-..ourheart'rfth'lh^L'r- ■ '"™ "'^^^ ^ -"■• of despair, and th oir T-)i]. - ' T 50 cvor tho ncciuvsecl (rad E.S8Ay 0\ INTEMPEHANCl To Hi your ficy couch of pain, abjure for- o Avrctchccl victim of Intoiiij^or '11 tho tios of .social lifo which 'fitico wo aj)j)our, ^hy tho ' Joy» or .,c.„ven,,v„,,, .-ou J^Z^T'T'"'^' "" tto ,loop ,„ul .hu-k .I„,nn„Uo„ Ir 4.1 i ' , ° "T" °^ fti.- visions, of ro „■ ,u,.K '•'r"'^,''""'- '=l-l"liood,,„,d the It >8 to bo a drunlaucl's cl.!|,li-bv lh„ ■ ''''" who now «.nld,o,ovor you r , , «•'■" mn.lo you. Wood of Christ vvhiUji,,*,;"''"? ■™''''^- """ I'iM'. and hoiyadi., Iv """''''""'"''" f""', ""J by all loathly hubitHucJ hco-in ' . ,. n ^^'^ ^^ '«»^''> jour To tho roformod drunkanl wo nppo.,j I.v tho T havo oscapod,by the hon-iblo pit «nc[n'i.v ., V ^'** you hnvo boon raised, by the o ornn T^ ""^ '"^ '^'^^''^^ -alrand, youhavJbLn ;^\:^^^^^ in your rosolvo of virtue an.^ t v ] '''"^^''^ ^now.anf.o.thoa.^i;r;^Ch:: saved, >vii!Ln \ou have been We. appeal to tho professed followers of n;,. ^ to .eek and to save that which waT o wZ "^"^' titude toward this question ^ Is i one "p V '! ^'"' "^ of cold and haughty contempt or f ' "^ "^difle.ence onfbv ? Po . , "'^^"^I't or of warm and active svm pathy ? Can you, without blood-L^uiJtines^ ««o . ^^ yott „»o to the Mbl,.uity of „ Ciristiau heroism and ^i -J 1 i J •Oii "; "l>jiiro lor- ^i"'«'g, hy uU tliojiklgtriont 'vahlo woo oi liimlvMnl, by l"5od,(iiJd tho o/lliemotli- joiir liajtpy -arAil blight inndo you, rou, by the and by all joHvo your >H8 0f liib. jku'IIh yoa fi'om wbich j'om wiiich, ^ steadfast esc no your liave been who cam© is yout-at- idiiJb •once 2tivo syca- ir brother perdition s rcscuQ 7 slave , of *nd rivet h or will ': and re- BOl ESSAY ON INTK ^n'i:n,»\TK. fend vo If) abjure fi )i Wo "I'sdjiiiblo or I •^'^'<^i' ^hnt which niak that «J'POMl to those who '0 made woalc ? 03 your brother ot- (hoy ,'ivo no nncerta '^<*nfs((,.r at God', hoi,- nit iir<. of '1,0 bl„„,l „f ,„„,, ■',''■ "'■•"- "-'y cl,.„,. ,„c.h. „ci,.,., '^°" »» .•i.),toous„o«,' a d hl'"^; '■°"'""' "'■ ■'''^'"l«''""'-o a., '•"0 no oom,,n,i,;" " ' •"'"""."^"" '" '---• ""'' M.cv ■">H„I< a, A.o,„ ,h "■!;,': "^"'.""' ■■''"™ »!' "..U tl,oy "ccr.s.d „„•„,, „, J 1 /'"•'''.""'^ «■""■ -l"ftmli„. „,, o^-'l «oo,I, but cloat not win, ,l,„ , ''"''knoKs ligl.t.aml ou.sno., Of <„at, wo,..:;:^ "c^:, '," """■""•^- *"» "-■"■ IKTiidy viler than ti.at of T„ 7 •■'^''' '''"■'''" «'i"' .-> "■»" ''■■'• -- .1.0 1";: ;::•;;: ;';--".^-' -..o „.„ worst fo„„ ofovil ,,„j ,„„ ;rcl ;)''■"" '"'''"' '^ "- ncse. - "I inoj-al (lai'|<- W= .ippoal (0 IhociWIma-i.. who ma!;o aad ■•alminislcr il'; |.. ' ' ,, ■""'="'' '" ''"«» croant <„ tbolr l.oly ,„„l , , 7' " "'O^ ''o «ot ro. public weal against thi- ' , ''' ""''"""h' B««M the s<«<-n not tho snowy erm'i,„.,„i 'f"^'"'!^ ''■"«». Hmt tl.cy i» tho bosom of oi> ™ ' c;: -:'r '; "■^'" <- '-: not tho pall of tboir nroloe in ' """ ""'>' ""•o^'' >ather ox.ond tho oCf , •"™'""' '"'"'"'■' "■■•"'». '«'■ 'i.owor.0 tha„wi:::;;::^T^^" "■«'i°'-™- of children of the vicim,! r" ' "'"' '™"° "'"" O'-P'-ued , Wo appeal to yo , Lr T""""" -a grow „p p J, „; soei:;'Lr:inTi " ■"" ^^ •^"- '>o-^.^a..;andfoyo«^o?CiC:Lrj:: . Essay ON INTEMPERANeiS. >5 your dnnghtera from a death in life, far worse than death, itself, let them not see this deadly adder coiling at the do- mesiio hearth, lot them not learn from a parents example to driDk the draught tliat Fcars the conscience, stupifies the brain, and kindles fres of unholiowed passion in the soul. , , ■ u ... Vv'c .-M-pcal to you young men, if yoii would not bring down a father's grey hairs with sorro^^ to the grave, nor plant a dagger in a mother's heart, that you at ono and forever Ibrswear the uso of intoxicating drinks and give your iniiuonce to tiio cause of temperance and of God. To you, young ladies, we especially appeal. A potent influonco iy yours. You are the true regents of society. To you is committed a fairy wand of magic intluence whereby you Uiay hlcds or ban niankind and effect for weal or woe their cLcj-nal dentin;,-. - Oh, tijon by the love you bear your fathers, your brothers, or it may bo A liearer One still and a dearer Oiic yet than all others, WO pray you give no countenance to the drinking usages of society. Throw not we conjure you the witchery of your smiles around the cup, nor beguile by the blandishment of your beauty, immortal .«oul8 to endless ruin. Become not wo beseech you,thc fair temptresses it may be to perdition, of those 3-0U love dearest and best. Bo rather the guardian angels of ihoir lives, to counter work the evil charm of tem}>tation. Thus shall 30U shine forever, beautiful and Htar-liko in their souls, and your memory enshrined within their heart of hearts shall be as a talisman in life's trial liouv— a potent spell to keep their souls from sin. Fin.Tlly, to every good patriot would we appeal, if you truly love your country, this fair and goodly land, this fropst lard on earth, this land o'ershadowed by the broad free banner of England— long may it wave I— if you deaire «e thandoath. ing at tlie do- i'Cnts example Jrjce, stnpifies passion in the Id not bring bo grave, nor u at one 9 and jnks and give I of God. il, A jDotent of society. To )nco whereby weal or woe rou bear your ISSAT ON INTEMPBBANOE. 53 its prosperity, if you wish its welfare, if you would sec S'if '^?^}?\ ^''""S' *"^ «*'*0Qg' anil fair, i.o tue tuii stature of its greatuess grow." and take its place as peer among the foremost nations of the earth, cast in your influonco on the side of God and of humanity, in the conflict now waging with the direst foe by which our «ountry is cursed, and soon this great national am. and shame, and bane, shall bo banished from our land forever. iing usages of hery of your ndjshment of Become not to perdition, the guardian ;il charm of )eautiful and irincd within life's trial in. )peal, if you ly land, this by the broad if you desire APPENDIX. RECENT STATISTICS ON INTEMPERANCE IN CANADA. At the time of revising these papers for the press, the Eev. Wm. Scott's exhaustive statistical report was unpub- lished. Through the kindness of that gentlemun in furn>« ishing advance sheets of that able document, we are enabled . to enhance the value of this essay by the following ab- stract. For a full statistical exhibitioa of the appalling evils of the traffic we would urge all who can procure it to carefully read Mr. Scott's report. Ho gives returns of importations, &c., — for the year end- ing, June 30, 1868 — quantities, values, duties, &c., showing a total probable cost to consumers of nearly five millions of dollars. Add to this the imports into Nova Scotia and New Brunswick and we have the grand total of $8,100,000 as the cost to the consumers of the liquor imported into the Dominion of Canada. Let us notice next the amount manufactured in the coun- try as derived from the Inland Eevenue Eeturns for 1868. "■The distilleries produced 4,080,047 gallons of proof spir- it, wine measure, and the breweries 7,432,685 gallons of beer, making a total of 11,513,732 gallons of intoxicating drinks. Some portion, a fraction merely, enters into other manufactures, but this is more than made uj) by illicit pro** "TOO i iC ■its DA. ■■^zo press, the .■0:7 ,8 unpub- 1* Li in furn-t ^'yj •e enabled '■jO )wing ab- hq appalling '\'ij )cure it to , I. •■ 'J year end- , showing -■ e millions and New 00,000 as . into the the coun- turns for )roof Bpir- ;-allon8 of ;oxicating into other llicit pro-* . J :^ ESSAY ON INTEAIPEHAnCE. 56 cesses,addition8 andadulteralions/Tho more than 4,000,000 gals, oi in-oof spirit is dihitod and adulterated, undjlheroby augmented in bulk by nearly 50 per cent., makin,/over 6,- 000,000 gallons of poisonous liquor to be poured down the throats of civilized humanity ; which, together with ihe beer, if undiluted and unadulterated, makes a grand total ofl3,433,685 gallons of drink, against which poor human nature has to contend." "From these sources of income, the government raises in excise duties the sum of $2,425,689.89. The di^ty on malt produces $162,678.99. making ^2,588,368.88. ,,. '. „ "Coo»idor, then, what must be the aggregate cost to the ^ consumers, of all this beverage. They must pay all-first cost, duties, tayern licenses, profits— every cent must be paid fey- the consumers. I v , ud not exaggerate, for I wish the facia only to be fairh -j-^d. It is difficult to ascer- tain the:C08t to consumers with perfect accuracy.but I have sufficient data before me to put it down at the enormous sum 4f4l 0,000,000; add to this the $8,100,000, di-awn out of the public purse for importol liquors, and then the ap- palliiig figures are before us. Uur Dominion liquor bill comes at least to $18,100,000, Eighteo. rmllions ont hundred t/iousmd dollars I more than $5 per head for every man, woman and child in the Dominion." AMOUIil OP GRAIN CONSUMEii IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LIQUOR. From the fiscal returns made to th-. Dominion Pai-lia- ment for the year ending Juno 30, 186.-, Mr. Scott says ; p:;"W# find the quantity of various kinds of grain used by the brewers of the Dominion in that year, to bo 22,685,511 lbs weight, and the DiatiUersdo. tro>-od 67,085,511 lbs mak- ing a total of 90,367,360 lbs. The total weight, in lbs, for 1867, was 71,433,150 ; being an increase of 18,934,210 lbs. The increase of intoxicating drinks manufactured in 1868 as compared with 1867, (a fact not before mentioned), was 56 ESS a-s''6n" W'ti^imRklsm. 1,675,918 gallons. Of the kinds of grain included in the above, there is no mention of liarloy. But there is a separ- ate table of the barlt - nuulo into malt, and I find of that grain 3-48,475 bushels, wiiioh does not ajipear to bo includ- ed in the above totals. Eeduce those to bushels and we have at least 1,700,000, and a total of above 2,000,000 bushels." This at a dollar a busliol, a low average, amounts to ^2,- OOOjOOO which might properly be added to the amount aoove mentioned. Compare this ono}"m()us liijuor bill of the country with all its other expenses. The following is the account for the Qftr ending June 30, 1869. "It includes first, the inlorcst of the public debt, charges of management, premium on exchange, sinking fund and redemption of public debt, the total of these being 8,6,533,- 737.40 ; only a few thousands moro than imported liquors cost the Dominion, Take tlie next item, '(Jivil Government,* which includes the salary of the (.lovernor General and the salaries of the Lieutenant-Governors of the several Prov- inees,aud yet tJie total is onl3',(I write in view of the liquor bill) only §()51,36ti.6G. The estimates for the "Administra- tion of Justice," require -9440,150. The whole expenses of "LogisL tion," inoluding miscellaneous items, amounts to the trifling sum of 8-183,183. Without further details, we give the total, $17,900,911.84 as the Dominion estimates, 8140,099 less than our Honor estimates." And what do we receive for this liquor expenditure ? What but a harvest of crime, wretchedness, disease and j)auperism. "Nearly a thousand convicts are found hi Uio ivingston Penitentiary at the close of 18G7. The Eoformntory of On- tario had in it, during 18G6, over 200 youths, and that of Quebec 129, mostly the victims of the intemi^erance of t -/I '>. •liided in ihid cro is a separ- [ finJ of that • to bo includ- shels and we ovo 2,000,000 mounts to ^2,- the amount country with ccount for the debt, charges infij fund and being- 8,6,533,- ported liquors Government,* Mieral and the several Prov- V of the liquor 1 "Administra- le expenses of s, amounts to or details, we ion estimates, expenditure ? s, disease and Liie Kingston ■mntory of On- s, and that of uni2>orance of iJSSAY ON INTEMPERANCE. 67 , ( I parents . The Common Gaols of Ontario received 6777 con- victs of all ages, costing $92,404. Those of Quebec received 7228, the expenses being 864,438, making a total of $156,- 902. Our expenses for the Administration of Justice in I Ontario and Quebec amount to 8238,500. -Four fifths of this are the direct results of intemperance. ''Our Lunatic Asylums in the several Provinces of the Dominion, have under treatment more than 2,000 persons at an' annual cost of about 250,000 dollars, to say no'hing of enormous oxp.'mdituros for public buildings. An.l they are largely peopled by tlio liquor traffic." „FataI accidents and sudden deaths are continually c^. currmg through drink, occasioning great loss of time, and property, and money. This liquor Vusiness is the worst possible speculation that ever any country en^^a-^ed in Its evils and losses enter into and permeate the whole fab- ric of our social economy. The expenses are inevitable.and m a thousand ways wo arc taxed for its .support,and in such vai'ious ways that to arrive at a full and correct esti- mate is utterly impossible. The Vruted Kingdom Alliance has made a declaration that the yearly loss to the British nation is not less than £238,880,280 sterling-V. e 81 134 431,400. The friends of Temperance in the United Stat^ estimate their liquor bill alone, without calculating colla- teral losses, at the mighty sum of 6400,000,000. What are the items of expediture- and loss incurred by this Dominion It IS perfectly dreadful to comtemplate ; but we had better look the facts fairly in the face, and ask how long the rav- ages of this plague shall continue. Lot us take \ho same rule of judgment as that adopted by our friends in the Uni- ted Kingdom : WASTE OF WEALTH IN TTIIS DOMINION. I. Mu.xEY AnxXually Spent in Intoxicating Drixks— 1. Of liquors imported, $ 8,100,000 ,^/- 58 EseAT ON INTEMPERANCE. 2. Of liquors noanufactured,.... 10,000,000 II. Loss iTN Tiin Production and Ektail Sale OF Strong Brink — 1. Land now used in tlio cultivation of hops and vaiione^ kinds of grain, for the distiller &c.,would jrroduco food for man and beast, 2,500,000 2. Lossof capital and labor worth, 5,500,000 3. Logs of labor to the State. bv retailors, &c., and their servants... 3,000,000 III. Annual Expenses and Burdens aristnq FROM THE Liquor Traffic — \. Loss of labor and time to employers and working men by drinking usages.., 5,500,000 2. Destruction of property on land, on lakes and rivers — loss by theft, bad debts, and vai'ioua crimes, through drinking, 3,400,000 3. Charges through pauperism, destitution, sickness, insanity and premature death, traceable to the use of strong drink. 3,500,00'. 4. Cost of police, pro.-5ecution,court3 of justice, support of criminals, losses to jurors and witnesses, al; least, 2,000,000 Grand total annual loss to the Dominion, $43,500,000 In the name of all that is lovely and of good report — in the name of justice and of mercy— in the name of innumer- able innocent suttcrers — in the name of our Common Sav- iour, who died for the redemption of the race ; I do appeal to the conscience of every man, of every creed or of no creed,against the legalized toleration of this "sum of all vil- lainies," the liquor traffic," WiLLLVM ScOTT. Napanee, 1st Sept., 1869,