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Ward, j. oseouri Saundsrs^ -^ i*» The Britifh Empire I N AMERICA. CONTAINING The HISTORY of the Difcovery, Settlement, Progrefs and State of the BRITISH COLONIES ON T H E Continent and Iflands of A M E R I C A. k-''' I? ' VOL. I. Being an A c c o u n t of the Country, Soil, Climate, Produd: and Trade of Newfoundland, New-England, New-Scotland, New-York, New- Jersey, Pensylvania, Maryland, Virginia, Carolina, Georgia, Hudson's-Bay. Second Edition, Correded and Amended. With the Continuation of the History, and the Variation in the State and Trade of thofe Colonies, from the Year 1710 to the prefentTimc. Including OCCASIONAL RE- MARKS, and the moft fealibie and ufeful Methods for their Improvement and Security. LONDON: Printed for J. Brotherton, J. Clarke in Duck-Lane^ A. Ward, J. Clarke at the Royal-Exchange^ C. Hitch, J. OsEouRN, E.Wicksteed, C. Bathurst, Timothy Saundsrs, and Ta Harms. MDCCXLI. ■!,'•' tj mma An (: Jon At ,A. jjLl j. .. .:I;;.'^^ij ,'C, ».< ■ , Dea T ccption i ledge anc guard hit of comn apt, eith( to deal ur in their w It beh good Secu diclous P that may a Subject from the Lofs for 1 of your I our Tim( your Fri( were not Wafte. Your c Ifland of portunitiei I T O iU Jonathan Blenman, Efqj Attorney-General of Barbados. Dear Sir, , THERE can be no greater Pleafure to a Writer, after he has with Care and Pains finiihed a conliderable Work, than in the favourable Re- ception it meets with from Perfons of Know- ledge and Judgment, which only can fufficiently guard him againfl the ra(h and partial Cenfures of common and curfory Readers, who are too apt, either out of Vanity, Envy, or Prejudice, to deal unmercifully with every thing that comes in their way. It behoves me, therefore, to bole out for good Security in the candid Opinion of fome ju- dicious Perfon to overbalance any PrepofTeflion that may be conceived againft me for handling a Subjedl at fo many thoufand Miles Diftance from the Scenes of Action. I could be at no Lofs for fuch a one, having had the Happincfs of your Acquaintance for fo great a Length of our Time, and fo long had the Pieafure of your Friendfhip and Converfation, when we were not divided by the dreadful Atlantic Wafte. Your eminent Station for many Years in the Ifland of Barbados giving you all poflible Op- portunities of knowing its State and Interefl, as A 2 well r: ;i; it'. II '»!([' ■i%l^ ii' Epijlle Dedicatory. well as the Rights and Properties of the People, and that Ifland being in a manner Queen of the CharibbeeSy the Affairs of the Leeward and our other Sugar Illands are fo near akin with thofc of Barbados^ that every one will immediately approve of the Choice I have made of your Judgment, Candour and Friendfhip to protedt me againft all malevolent Influences in this Undertaking. The Application, Wifdom and Integrity with which you explained and defend- ed thofe Rights, foon acquired you the Love, Efleem and Refpedt of the Inhabitants, and you had a fair Promife of thefe delirable things, by the Opinion conceived of you, even before your firft Arrival on the Ifland -, nor did you ill anfwer their Expedlations, but juflified them by the noble Stand you made againft Opprefllon, and afterwards carried their Com- plaints to the Royal Prefence, at the Hazard of your Life and your Fortune j and the Suc- cefs you met with, in putting an End to that Opprefllon, to the Shame and Confufion of the Oppreflbr, could not but endear you to a People whom you had fo faithfully and zeal- oufly fervedj yet the Zeal, with which you endeavoured to procure the Redrels of Grievances in your own Colony, did not fuffer you to lofe Sight of thofe Rights of the Crown, which arc neceflary for its Peace, Security and Welfare. But as I avoided enlarging on this Incident, fo glorious to you, in the Body of the Hiftory of Barbados^ becaufe I was jealous it might of- fend your Moderation; I for the fame Reafon fay no more of it in this Place. Tho* it could not but determine me to deflre, that as you de- j fended the Laws and Conflitution of Barbados^ you you will p Merits of ancc in it oficr you ti hear from that Iflanc had I been procure tin Colonies, a them all fli My waiti not the chi preflion fo publifh it al Ablence frc in a vexatio as well as Intereft of and Welfar well underf promoting a ble, that I flon, the C ^orth in the ble you with But I canr my Concern fpe .' ■ ■ 11 ■J J .:■• .i».^' i > Dear Sir, ' • r .s. \ -■! ■.'T Tour mofi affediionate Friend y I. • .< li! - \ :.V V And Obliged Humble Servant, i- ,..' A )< "■ I 4 \ t ,t , ,•.!,. 6 ■'■ '■':i ■•■•!.• ■ I K P R H] w Pi ot T hoped, find fu fure J and fuch Mifinformatioi a difficult Tasl be to an Hiflc Whatever p of any one ol Interefl and { cxadl Hiftory to be framed b inevitably be g for the Critic therefore be (ai in the Pkntati ful, why has it than the Wri himfelf, own, Work and knc wonder ihey m has found his relating to the People were fl was worth tclli Enough will ta fently remembt thor for Memoi him, not to g it would very v In coUefting with PerfoDs < ' -1 Vll T HE PREFACE. HE Author is apprehenfive that this Undertaking will meet with many Cenfures, raifed by the Prejudice of fome Readers, and the Ignorance of others. The Candid and Impartial will, 'tis >7 hoped, find fufficient Memoirs to entertain them with Plea- fure^ and fuch Faults as may have been committed through Mifinformation, they will excufe, when they confider what a difficult Task the Hiflory of the Britijh Weji-Indies muft be to an Hiflorian that never was in America i Whatever particular Accdunt has been, or might be giveti of any one of our Colonies, 'tis impoffible, unlefs Men of Interefl and Capacity would write it on the Spot, for an cxaa Hiflory of all the Britijh Empire in the Weji-Indies to be framed by one Man in America or Europe^ but he mufb inevitably be gui}ty of Errors, which will find Mattei enough for the Criticks to exercife their Ill-nature upon. It will therefore be faid, fuch a Defign as this fhould be undertaken in the Plantations ; and fince it is To reafonable and fo ufe^ ful, why has it not been done? There's none can tell better than the Writer of this Hiftory, who mufl, in Jufticeto himfelf, own, that though he believes all who look over his Work and know any thipg of the SubjeiSl of it, will rather wonder they meet with fo much, than fo little in it ; yet he has found his Induilry to inform himfelf fully of all Fac^s relating to the Coionies more unfuccefsful than he expeded. People were fhy, and either did not think what they knew was worth telling, or would not be at the Trouble to tell it. Enough will take this Charge to themfelves, who will pre- fently remember how much they were folicited by the Au- thor for Memoirs, and how negligent they were in furnifhing hiro, not to give their Negligence a harder Name, which it would very well bear. In coUeding thefc Materials, when he fometimes met with Perfom of a communicative Temper, he duril not A 4 depend iim= Instill P vm the Riches to be gotten there, and the Preference that ought to be given to each over the other; and this the Author declares he met within almoft all his Informations. What then had he to do.> Could it be expedled that he ftiould pleafe every one? Wtould riot the impartial Reader have been fiirpriiw to have found MudfiiCtiBa^ preferred to Carolina y and Pr evidence to Barbados ? For theComparifons arfc alike unequal. *Tis true, when the Climate and the Soil would not bear a Parallel, they turned the Advantage on the Side of Commerce, and always took Care to make their own the moft profitable. One who had known nothing of the Weft-India Trade ^ M»^ould have been itin'pofed on by fuch Partiality ; but though the Writer of this Hiftory never was out of Britain J yet there's no Part of that Trade with Which he has not been acquainted abovft twenty Years; and he, by that Means, knew-if any thing was leprefcntcd to him too favourably -, and when he was ever fo little in the dark, he took all the Care he could to be enlighmed. Sottie Gentlemen he had the Happincffs to know, who were free and impartial ; and if they had had any Expeda- 'tion of fuch an Hiftory, would have made Prbvifions for it when they were in America. The Hiftorian muft beg the Liberty of paying his publick Acknowledgments to fome of them, that the World may fee he does not publifh any thing which is not warranted by good Authori^. To begin therefore with the Hiftory oi Newfoundland. All the Account of its Trade and prefent State was commu- * nicated to him by one who dwelt there as a Merchant fe- veral Years. What has been added to this Edition has been taken from publick Memoirs, and contequently are the moft authentick. The Succeflion of Governors, in a Govern- ment fo very ftuduating, was difficult to be afcertained, iMd he had the beft Information^ in which falling (hort, he was obliged to leave it as ic is* 5 NevO-Bcottan not at much 1 to be added to Utrecht Ttcsity Hiftoi^^but t tueofthe tzmt land more pre< has happened hot related hei Jifh'd by Mr. i he has mention Th^t Author particular and Hiftory might many Sheets as fiderable Adior which is in A^ oi his Hiftory, racks, Prodigit cumbrances, t( mong whom, ; as to be rank'd. preflion, is as former, publifli which he has Mather's^ and has related, wh reading his, I v The great Foibi of the Witches tenanced ; and . it, fmce the A{ by the Recomi of giving Satisfi Miftake, as it Fellow-Sufftrer of Governor 5/ of this Colony r good Proteftant This Hiftor Memoirs from we hope the wl cerned. When he wi which others hs Capt. Ctngreve^ ^e P kE FA C E. New-Scotland has Co little to be ^d of it, that He was not at much Trouble about it. There is not much more to be added to it now, excepting the Ceflion of it by the Utrecht Treaty to Oreat Britain^ which is mentioned in this Hiftoiy ; , but the P h keeping Cape Briton Ifland by Vir- tue of the CameTr. ./, renders our VoSt&on of Nruj-Scot- land more precario«is, and every way lefs valuable. There has happened nothing memorable concerning it, which is hot related here; and the Hiftory of New-Englandy pub- liih'd by Mr. Cot. Mather^ fiirnifli'd him with what Events he has mentioned relating to that Colony. Thi^t Author being an Inhabitant of New-England^ veryt particular and voluminous, one would have thought his Hiftory might have fupplied another with Memoirs for as many Sheets as ail this Work contains ; yet there's no con- (iderable Action concerning the Governors or Government, which is in Mr. Mather\ but this Hiftorian has included in his Hiftory, leaving his Puns^ Anagramiy Acrojiicksy Mi-' racleSy Prodigies^ tfitches^ Speeches^ Epijiles, and other In* cumbrances, to the original Author and his Admirers; a- mong whom, as an Hiftorian, this Writer is not (b happy as to be rank'd. The Hiftory of New-Englandy in this Im- preftlon, is as good as new; Mr. Neal having, (ince the former, publiftied his Hiftory of it in two Volumes, in which he has thrown out all that is complained of in Mr. Mather's^ and been very exad and curious in the Fadts he has related, which gave me fb much Aftiftance, that after reading his, I wrote over the Hiftory of this Province again. The great Foible of the New-England Hiftory is the Story of the Witches, which Mr. Neal has in no manner coun- tenanced ; and New-England muft be no more charged with it, fmce the Aflembly there have now under Contideration, by the Recommendation of Governor Belcher^ the Means of giving Satisfa(^ion to the Pofterity of the Sufterers, by a Miftake, as it is called ; as alfo to thofe of the Quaker^ Fellow-Suflerers by a Miftake alike fatal. This Proceeding of Governor Belcher and the Afiembly has fet the Reputation of this Colony right, in the Opinion of all good britom and good Proteftants. This Hiftory is continued to the prefent Times, by Memoirs from Mr. Dummer's and other printed Trads, and we hope the whole will give inure Satisfaction to the con- cerned. When he wrote of New-Tor k, he correfted the Miftakes which others had led him into, by better Information from Capt. Cottgrevfy who had a Command in Che regular Forces there P3 ' m .<- 1 1 rhe P R E FACE. there feveral Years. What is added in this Impreffion to Nrw Yorkj will appear to be taken, for tlie moft Part, from, printed Tradts written and publiflied on the Spot, by Perfons of Intelligence and Authority ; to which we Ihould have only added, that the French^ by the Treaty of Utrecht^ re- cognized the Confederacy of the five Nations with the Eng-^ /(/^ of this Province, and obliged themfelves to obferve the Peace with thofe Indians zs inviolable as with the £ngli/h. Mr, Docwra and Dr. Cox were both io kind as to infortn him fully of the Jerftyt, and Mr, Pen did him the fame Fa- vour for Penfylvan'ta j thofe three Gentlemen doing him the Honour to admit him into their FriendOiip. It will be feen, in the Hiftory of Maryland^ that he had not the fame Helps for that Province; but his Autliorities arc good as far as they goj The Author was very defirous to have procured Memoirs of it from unqueftionable H^nds, and he had Hopes of them, till the Impatience of the Pub- Jick. for this Impreffion obliged him to give way to the Hurry of the Prefs, and to leaye thofe Additions to another Op- portunity. . 1 The Hiftory of Virginia is written with a great deal of Spirit and Judgment by a Gentleman of the Province, to whom this Hi/iorian confeC&s he is very much indebted; but in fome Places he was forced to leave him, to follow Other Guides ; and whoever compares the one Hiftory with the other, will, fee enough Difference yto give that which is now publifl\'d the Title of Niw. Several old Writers and modern Papers fell into this Author's Hands, which that Gentleman never faw; however, he had feen and knew fo much, that, by his Affiftance, the Account of Virginia is one of the moft perfedt of thefc Hiftories of our Plan- .lations. This refers to the Hiftory of Virginia which was ^written by Col. Bird, whom the Author knew when he was :pf the Temple-^ and the Performance anfwercd thejuft Opi- nion he had of that Gentleman's Ability and Exadnefs. What -be faid of other Helps, has Relation to another Hiftory of ,yhginiay written by one R. B. which he made as much iUfe of as he thought neceflary for the Improvement of his Work ; but happening to take no Notice of fome Parti- culars which would not at all have improved it, the Writer, for his n^ledting them, has been very free with the Cha- rajfter of this Author's Hiftory, and not fpared even fome of the Paflages which he took from himfelf. I (hall only lemark two Criticifms, the one is hi:^ abufing the Author for faying there was once a very great Froft in Virginia^ "whcfl. prub^ly tliere ocvpr was a Year without one, of which be 5 gives himfelf (t cenfuring the I moirs, and not we have been ( from his Hift( own. We fli Hiftory of Viri withftanding it ours j and confic ther Improveir of thofe who Severity. For Carotin Mention is mac (b far, as to c and let him in mong the Peop Tra(Ss on the And in this Im to the Affiftar JohnJlon\ as a JcAion. His i taken in part frc of the Society, tioncd. The Hiftory t the Author too his Pofleffion tl the Commiffior and other Men more, and doe Books much m< to Perfons cone Matter to com it being not co the Events ther reft of this Hi: knows not of an the Bay by thej of the Fur-Trad Kingdom, by v The Reader wil rious Performan Credit to what made of the Gc Hiftorian has c Decency. Vthe PREFACE. gives hirofelf fufficient Information ; and the other is his cenfuring the Hiftdrian for making ufe of other Men's IVIc- moirs, and not writing a Hiftory of his own Head : However we have been lb free with him in this Impreflion, as to take from his Hiftory what we thought worth putting into our own. We fliall fay nothing here of Sir Pf^slliam Keith's Hiftory of Virginia^ becaufe it was of little Ufe to us, not- withftanding it came ouc many Years after the Publication of dursjandconfideringSir^i7/wm did not think fit to make far- ther Improvements, it were to be wifli'd he had not fpokea of thofe who wrote of Virginia before him with fo much Severity. For Carolina, Mr. Archdale and Mr. Boone, of* whom Mention is made in the Hiftory of that Colony, obliged hini (o far, as to communicate feveral important Fads to him, and let him into th6 Rife and Caufes of the Differences a- mong the People of that Province. They alfo printed fome Tra5s on the fame Subjeft, which were very ufeful to him. And in this ImprefHon he owns himfelf very much indebted to the Affiftance he had from fome Papers of Governor 'JohnJlon\ as alfo many printed Papers in the publick Col- ledion. His Account of the new Province of Georgia fs taken in part from' the Narratives publifhed by the Secretary of the Society, and from the Colledlion of Papers juft mm-> tioned. The Hiftory of Hudfon*S'Bay maybe depended upon; for the Author took it from original Papers, he having had in his Poflelfion the Journal of a Secretary of the Fadory, the Commidions and Inftrudtions of fome of the Governors, and other Memoirs, out of all which he could gather no more, and does not believe, that even by the Company's Books much more is to be gather'd. Application vras made to Perfons concerned in the Affairs of the Company, for Matter to continue an Account of them to this time; but it being not come to Hand l>6fore the Book was printed, the Events there are not of Ithporiance enough to keep the reft of this Hiftory longer from the Publick; the Author knows not of any Alteration in the Hiftory, but the Ceftion of the Bay by ih^ French m the UtrechtTrcziy, and the Revival of the Fur-Trade, which is lately very much increased in this Kingdom, by the great Ufe of Furs in the prefent Fafliion. The Reader will perceive he is not about looking into a ' fpu- rious Performance, nor that he will venture much in giving Credit to what he reads, fince there is no Difpute to be made of the Goodnefs of fuch Information ; from which the Hiftorian has deviated as feldom as was confiftcnt with Decency. Thus •(■: til lie PREFACE. Thus with much Pains and Care be went over the Briti/h Empire on the Continent, which is id or 1700 Miles in Lengch, from the Northern Bounds of Neu/Scotland, toxhtt Southern of Georgia, befides the Tradl: known by the Nfiaif of Hudfon's'Bayy and another bordering oa the River Myi"* Jijftppi^ to which the Kings o^ England ^xttCfiA-^ but, there.^if no Notice taken of it in this Work, becauie there nevier was any Settlement there, though it has been attempted. This Country joins to Florida, and was granted by King Charles I. to the Earl of Arundel j which (^cant, 60 Year$ ago, was alTigned to Dr. Daniel Cox, and he was the Pro- prietary. He gave it the Name of Carolana ; and in King fVilliamh Reign fenc two Ships thither, with aoo People, to make a Settlement, intending to profecute that Enterpri^ by difpatching away more Ships with more People, over whom Sir JViUiam IValUr was to have been Governor ; but the French difturbing the firfl; Adventurers, hinder 'id their fettling there ; and this Part of the EngUJh Territories in America was To much abandoned by the Englijb, that (he French affumed to themfelves the fole Propriety of it, from a Settlement of a few Huts fcatter'd up and down the River, where they had no Settlement at all in Monfieur ^« la Sale^ Titne, as we read in the Relation of his Voyage thither, af- ter Dr. Cox's Grant, and but three or four Tears before the Do£lor fent his People there to form a Colony -, at which time the River Miffjftppi was fb little known to the Fnnch Navigators, that the fame Mm^twt de la Sale, who had traverfed a great Part of that Continent from Canada^ and the Captain of a French Man of War, and a Mafter of an- oihsr French VeflTd, equip'd at the King's Evpence, knew not where the Mouth of the River was, as tkofe who lived to return to France reported. ^ As the Author hopes there are not many material Errors, he recommends to the American Readers not to ccHidetnn him prefently, if they meet with things out of their No- tice, but to fufped th^r own Knowledge and Information, as well as his ^ for he treats of the Plantations hiftorioilly, and was therefore to relate things pafias well as preient j and 'twill be unjuft for any one to conclude they never were, becaufe they never heard of them, as too many will incline to do. . . The Author declares once for all, that there was no Part of this Hiftory which had not been Oiewn to Perfons who have lived in thofe Parts of the World, and been approved of by them j yet he is not fo vain as to imagine there are not feveral Faults j for it was impoffiblt to perform fuch a Wgrk Work without will be expeft As to our I the chief Part ( fruitful and pla Caies, he bavin their Af&irs, an They will fee cl and as to the W Time, be had I chant, Sir Jehu it much larger, Barbados to a S ther Hiftories. even Natural A the prefent. h gar, of clothim ftrange to an I does his Accou of the Ifland, i the modern on found in this, a State as it was taken from ori particularly dili^ cerning this \{k ficial of any of not excepted, lived there, anc! that the Gentle him the Favou Friends, may n wife injure his pleafed} but if Truth, let his could not be fo an Error, nor Man. Such a ' for where there of one, the Mt well as Integrit faithful Hiftoriai many Opportun other Mens Int< have been guilt] he will relate, "The P R E FA C E. ^ Work without it: All he hopes is, there are fewer thao y/ill be expeAed, together with much more Matter. As to our Iflands^ Barbados, the Chief of them, makes the chief Part of his Hiftory ; and the Inhabitants of that iiruitful and pleafant Ifland may take his own Word in moft Caies, he having been for above ten Years converfant with their Afiairs, and kept a coaftant Correfpondence with them. They will fee chat he fpeaks things of his own Knowledge; and as to the Memoirs of Events which happened before his Time, be had Recourfe to the Papers of an eminent Mer- chant, Sir John Bawdon, his Uncle, and might have made it much larger, if it would not have run out the Hiftory of Barbados to n Size very difproportionable to that of the o- ther HiOories. Ligon is old, and his Geographical, and even Natural Account of the Ifland, differs very much from the prefent. His Defcription of Ingcnio's, of working Su- gar, of clothing Negroes, and feveral other things, fecms ftrange to an Inhabitant of the prefent Barbados -y neither does his Account of their way of Living, of the Produdk of the Ifland, as the Trees, Plants, ^c agree better with the modern ones. All the Fads in his Hiflory will be found in this, and every thing which remains in the fame State as it was when he wrote. All the reft is new, and uken from original Manufcripts. The Hiflorian has been particularly diligent in bis CoUedions and Enquiries con- cerning this Ifland ; for he takes ic to be the moft bene- ficial of any of our Colonies to England, Jamaica perhaps not excepted. He has condilted feveral Perfon.^ who have lived there, and communicated what he has done to them, that the Gentlemen of Barbados, fome of whom have done htm the Favour to place him in the Number of their Friends, may meet with nothing here which may in any wife injure his Reputation with them. All may not be pleafed ; but if he has always been a fevere Obferver of Truth, let his free Ipeaking be excufed j for fometimes he could not be fo without ic. He has not defignedly run into an Error, nor told a Falfity, to gain the Good-will of any Man. Such a View would have been as vain as it was bafe; for where there are fo many to be difpleafed for the pleaflng of one, the Man muft have but a fmall Portion of Senfe, as well as Integrity, that would iacrifice the Charader of a faithful Hiftorian to that of a wretched Flatterer. He had many Opportunities to have fliewn a vicious Complacency to other Mens Interefts, as has been already hinted, if he could have been guilty of fo much Bafenefs; an Inftance of which kc will relate, to give the World an Idea of Mens Difpo- fltioni XIU hi ■' p. S.'.i ). ''Jii'M'fi H'. ;::lt'tk! XIV T/^ PRE FA C E. " fitions in this Afftir. When he wisonde in ConvcriTation with a Gentleman, a Proprietary in America, on the Sub- je£t of his Country there, he futnmed up all he had to tell him in this Rapture: Our Seas fow with Ambergreafe, our Rivers are almoji choak'd with Goldy and the wor/i Mineral we have, which we think not worth taking up, is Copper; for 'tis fo near the Surface^ that we may almoji Jicop and havi it. This he introduced with a moft romantick Account of the Situation of his Country, the Groves of Oranges, Fo- refts of Cedar, the Fields of Spices, the fpacious Plains, noble Harbours, and fo many other Advantages, that one could hardly believe he fpoke true, when the Writer ask'd him how many Inhabitants there were, and he anfwered, None. Some Gentlemen have not only recommended the Praife of their Province, but even of their Part of it, which was gencwUy done with fo much Warmth, that they were immediately fufpeded, and nothing of that Nature reported, which was not confirmed by Perfons of Ingenuity and DiC- intereft. In this Impreffion is added what has fmce pafTed in Barbados of moil Importance. This Period takes in the Time when the Ifland was miferably divided into Parties, Governor and Country^ as they were there diftinguiflied ; and it was very hard, fo to clear up the Matter on both Sides, that the Caufe of the one and the other might not feem per- plexed. It will be feen that his Authorities for what he fays on this Subjed are moftly Records or Narratives written and printed on the Spot, fo that the Truth of them cannot be queflioned. Since the Article of Barbados was finifli'd, the Author has feen a Piece written by a learned Gentleman there re- lating to the Government of Mr. Byng, whofe Death we have mentioned, and whofe Life in it was of fhort Duration. That Account (hews that Mr. Byng had more Reafon to complain of the Ufage he met with from a Leader in the AlTembly, and his Adherents among them, than he gave them Caufe to complain of him, whofe Condudt that Gen- tleman has jui^ified. As for the Leeward //lands and Jamaica, the Hiftorian was not altogether unacquainted with their Concerns, and had feveral Manufcript Papers to refer to. For the Ad- ditions in theHiftory of the Leeward IJIands in this Impref- fion, he was furniftied with feveral Books and Pamphlets relating to the Differences between the Inhabitants and the Governors, and the fatal Cataftrophe of one of them, Col. Parke, which is contained in two Volumes, publiihed by Mr. French oi Antego^ who was prefenc at his Death, and 3 wrote \vrote much Mr. French have ' "n in him. ilermi vidence as the by Col. Trot, ditions are of Information building Ship: up, that the ever, by our of the Inhab to cruize on prizal, being to divide all of Hats is of fifteen Years mong the Lac The Autho ribbee IJIands was fo good, Memorial of S the Iflands of The Authoi his Work, rec to weigh well he gives his J oi t\it Wejl'ln And the Appi very eminent not only made out of it ; and done the fam( diiingenuous i from Perfons < The curious with a few Pla Times before found the Peril it was necel&i have been wri( "The PREFACE, wrote much in his Juftification ; and an Anfwer to what Mr. French has advanced, written by one who feems to- have ' -n in the Secret and Confidence of the Party againft him. Bermudas he has faid little of j but as much of Pro- vidence as the Subjedt would bear, having been adirted in it bjr Col. Troty who was once Governor there j and the Ad- ditions are of equal Authority. He could get no particular Information of BermudaSy excepting that the Cedar for building Ships there, has been fo long and fo largely worked up, that the Trade of Building is now much loft : How- ever, by our laft Accounts from thence, we hear that Tome of the Inhabitants have built and equip'd two 20 Gun Ships to cruize on the Spaniards, with Letters of Marque and Re- prisal, being man'd in Proportion to their Guns, the cruize to divide all the Prizes they take among them. The Trade of Hats is of late Years much diminilh'd from what it was fifteen Years ago, when Bermudas Hats were the Mode a- mong the Ladies and others of all Ranks in the Kingdom. The Authority of Pere Tertre, whofe Hiftory of the Cha^ ribbee IJlands was the Foundation of our former Impreffion, was fo good, that what he fays has fince been quoted in a Memorial of State relating to the Right of Great Britain to the Iflands of St. Lucia^ 6cc. The Author having thus far given the Reader a View of his Work, recommends it to his Candour, and deGres hioi to weigh well the Difficulties of this Undertaking, before he gives his Judgment. There is no Hiftory of any Part of the Wejl-lndies in any Language fo full and fo particular. And the Approbation it met with in HoUandy from the very etninent Monfieur Le Cletc, who, in his Republiquety not only made frequent Mentionof it, but took large Extrafts out of it } and the Writer for the Journal des Scavans having done the fame at Paris, are fufficient to guard it from any didngenuous and ill-grounded Refleftions that may come from Perfons of lefs Learning and Judgment. The curious Reader, in going over this Work, will meet with a few Places which may feem particularly to regard the Times before the Utrecht Peace, and confequently to con- found the Periods too much; but for clearing up the Hiftory, it was nece(&ry to leave it in this manner, becaufe it muft have beec written all over new entirely to have been avoided. vx THE XVI THE INTRODUCTION. ^e common Arguments Sgaitift our Plantations in Ame- rica, anfiver'd j and the Advantages of them to Eng- land ajjcrted. T HE main Objection made by the Enemies of our Cblonies againft them is, that by draining Eng- land of her People, they weaken us at home, and confequently are more hurtful than benefi- cial to the Kingdom. On this Argument are founded ail their Reafons to excufe the ill Ufage the Plantations have met with^ of which particular Mention is made in the particular Hiftories of the Provinces ; we Hiall therefore, in thu Place, keep to the general Intereft, and fee how far the Obje^on will hold good. Tis faid, People are the Wealth of a Nation, and to take] away their People is to impoveridi them; thofe that fay it, mean only laborious and induftrious People, and not fuch as have no Employ, or, which is worfe, are employed only in difturbing and robbing fuch as have any. If this is granted, as it always has been in this Controverfy, thofe who im- prove their Talents to moft Advantage, are of moft Value to a Nation. A Man, whofe Skill amounts to no tfiore than to earn 3 ^. a Day by his continual Labour, cannot add to the Wealth of fuch a Kingdom as England, becaufe it will not fupply his neceflary Confumption: However, «ven fuch a one is lefs a Burden to it than one totally idle. He who earns 6d.z Day, and confutnes ju(t fo much, is neither bur- denfom nor advantageous ; but he who by his Induftry and Labour, not only Hiointains himfclf and Family^ but en- riches riches them, is, Addition to thi contrary, he wl crcafe the Na eminent Merchi adds, To Itavt Doubter hut to < Kingdom left wo\ duce of it J to A iViJy of Charity^ \ ported^ how lon^ \ftouSj naked an Houfei worth not Many Reafor of People, wilfu National Riches inevitable Povei and imaginary .V Decay of Indufti it would be im then will deny. Labour, to the i or imaginary, an contrary, thatth< vvorftemploy'd?'' I ed, or totally idld, ' and (hould find du I proteded, and le ufefully bufied fo imaginary Wealtl rally underftood J the Art and Labt Now as we ii I we have no Wi fadlures abroad, all waysj we ha rable in the Wo them but by oui in Wealth to t^a employed for aw I Merchant, the N couragedj for or our Safety. If v could We long < ^/^Naiftefor Would one Man' INTRODUCTION. XVII take iieit riches them, is, to the Proportion of liis Wealth, fo much Addition to the National Stock of the Kingdom. On the contrary, he who labours not at all, or (6 much as not to in- creafe the National Stock of his Country, is, to iife an eminent Merchant's own Words, y'tt/? ^«tfer Meafures may k taken to encreafe r^ur own Sugar Froui!,^f^ nnd recover xht foreign Trade, would not have fuffic :< hi... jy to u..-, rant their being mentioned by us.) " 2. iiic Qiiantity yearly pro- " duced is not left than 45000 Tuns. 3. The Moiety ofl ** this is confumed in England, and amounts to about *' 800000 /. in Value. The other Moiety is exported, and ( " a^:cr it 'las employed Seamen, is fold for as much, andj " coafequi;;.rly brings back to the Nation in Money, orj ^' ufeful C The Hollanders are fo far from thinking fo, that they juftly efteem them the chief Foundation of their Wealth and TrafiBck: Their Laji- India Trade depends on their Eajl-lndia Colonics, and the Greatncfs and Glory of their State depend on their Eaji' India Trade. Though their Colonies drain and deftroy their Men as faft as ourtj as their Trade and Wealth incrcafe. ihcii IN their People inc us, when the P that they may fl( in fuch Cafe tl done. As to tl cherifh Surinam World.? Are the rajfo, as 'tis comt Admiral De Ruy above 60 Years and would they highly valuable? What a Figur thit Dutch drove India Trade, in while they were true a Notion of encourage them, puties to fit in 1 asked, why our who could prefer fome Perfons wh felves, by exhaul American Acquifi banifiiingtheCon the Inquifition, w more exhaufled .5 Indies. Had mo been no Scarcity and Sl6th have i Want of Hands. derftand their tri even now juftify nies are highly What do they f themfelves to be Difputefor.? Wc Owner, King Cha dated j and withoi All true Engh Peace was trea as is Coo well fairs of the 5))a«/<7 federacy been br not have preferve( being then left ir INTRO DUCriON. their People increafe alfo, and *[ls or 'twill be the fame with us, when the Plantations arc fo far eafed of 'iieir Jiiirdens, that they may flourifli, and pour in Treafure upon us, which in fuch Cafe they would again do as they have formerly done. As to the Dutch J Veji- India Colonies, I ow do they cherifh Surinam, though one of the bafcH: Counrrics in the World? Are they not as folicitous for the Prcfervation of fa- rajfoy as 'tis commonly pronounced ? Did they not fpare their Admiral De Ruyter with a Fleet, in their War with Franc e^ above Go Years ago, to fall upon the /vvw^ Sugar-Iflands; and would they have done it, had they not thought them highly valuable? What a Figure have the Portugucfe made in Europe, fince the Dutch drove them in a great Meafure out of their Eaji- India Trade, in Comparifon to their Strength and Riches, while they were in Polleflion of it ? The Portuguefe have fo true a Notion of the Advantage of fuch Colonies, that, to encourage them, they admit the Citizens of Goa to fend De- puties to fit in the Aflembly of the Cortez ; and if it were asked, why our Colonics have not their Rcprelcntatives, who could prefently give a fatisfadtory Anfwer? There are fome Perfons who pretend the Spaniards have ruined them- felves, by cxhaufting their Country for the Sake ot their American Acquiiitions. To which may be anfwered, their banifliingtheConvert-MoorSjthe y^wj, and the fetting up of the Inquifition, v/ith the Tyranny of their Government, have more exhaufted SpatTi than all their Settlements in the Wcfi- Indies. Had moderate Councils prevailed, there would have been no Scarcity of Men in that Kingdom ; and their Pride and Sl6th have impoveriih'd them much more than their Want of Hands. Befides, grant that every Nation beft un- derftand their true fntereft, do not the Spaniards Politicks even now juftify our Ailertion, that the IVeJi-India Colo- nies are highly advantageous to their Mother-Countries ? What do they fight for at this time ? Why do they iuffbr themfelvcs to be torn to pieces on all Sides? What is this Difpute for ? Would they give up thtWeJi- Indies to the right Owner, King Charles III, Matters would foon be accommo- dated J and without doing it, this War can never be well ended. All true EngliJImen were in this way of thinking when Peace was treating with the French at L^/;YcZ>/,whcn, as is loo well known to be infifted on here, the Af- fairs of the Spaniards were fo defperate, that had not the Con- federacy been broken by that inglorious Treaty, they could not have preferved Old Spain but by giving up New^ which being then left in their Pofleffion by the Managers of that unhappy xxvu V I I t. •" ■ . • 't , '^it ■^ a-'! ^31 I ■ iji m U "'*' ^■./l m XXV 111 INTRODUCTION. unhappy and inglorious Treaty, is the Occafion of the prefent ex'penlive and perilous War, which they have now driven MS into by their Piracies and Outrages on our Trade and Peo- ple in America.) We hope the Reader is by this time fatisfied, that our American Plantations are an Advantage, and a very great one to this Kingdom. It would not be very difficult to prove, that in the pre- fent Circumftanccs of Affairs, the Britijh Colonies arc or may be much more advantageous to the Britains, t!;^n tho Roman Colonies, of which they were fo free, were to the Romans ; by how much more as the Safety of a Nation is of greater Confeqiience than its Extent of Empire j but that would draw thisTrav!t out to too great a Length. If we have iiot been too tedious already, 'tis well, and we fhall leave the Dccilion of this Argument now to the Reader, having faid as much for it as we could, and as we believe is necef- fary to convince the Impartial and Difinterefted, that our Colonies in America are fo far from being a Lofs to us, that there are no Hands in the Br'itijh Empire more ufefuliy employed for the Profit and Glory of the Common- wealth. Of all our American Commerce, that of Sugar is moft va- luable, becaufe moft neceflary. Sir Joftah Childy in his Difcourfe of Trade, fpeaking of this, fays, *' It is in his Majefty's Power, and the Parliament's, if they pleafe, by taking off all Charges from Sugar, to make it more intirely an Englijh Commodity, than White Her- *' rings are a Dutch Commodity, and to draw more Profit '* to the Kingdom thereby, than the Dutch do by that ; and that in Confequence thereof, all Plantations of other Na- tions muft in a few Years link to little or nothing. C( «c This Authority will confirm all that has been faid before, and it might be made out, which way fo great Good may be done to the Publick ; but that would be to enter into the Detail of the Hardlhips the Colonies have lain under for many Years, the Means of eafing them, and other Articles, fome of which are treated of in the particular Hiftories of the Plantations ; and others that remain we muft forbear men- tioning, till a more convenient Time and Place offer. " The Negledl of the Plantations is not to be dated from any time within the Memory of Man ; for all Govern- ments, as well before the Revolution as after it, feem not fufficiently to know the Value of them, or not to regard the Intereft of the Concerned. Indeed as long as the Frmli u C( INrRODUCTlON. *' French (cemed to defpair of rivalling the Englijh xn tlic ** Sugar Trade, the IHands and Sugar Trade were thought in " no manner of Danger, and confequenily the Adrniniftra- tion at home had not their Improvements and Security fo much at Heart, as we now find it was for the publick Intereft they fhould have had. The French grew upon us infenfibly, and when we perceived the Ground they " had got upon us, we found, to our Coft, it was too late " to recover it without breaking in upon fome Laws that '' had been made to the Hindrance and Detriment of thofe " Colonies, for the Sake of feveral Branches of Commerce *' nearer home. This produced the popular Adt of Navi- " gation, which though well defigned for the Intereft and *' Glory of England^ proved in irs Confequence to be an *^ Impediment to both, the heavicft Weight of it fiillin^, on our American Colonies, which are lealt able to bear it. *' This produced the exceflive Duties on our Plantation ** Products, foexceflive, that at firft Sight, it appears moii- *' ftrous J as for Inftance, to pay ten times ns much Duty " on Tobacco as the Commodity is worth where it growls-, " and for many Ye • more Duty ioxBarbados Sugar than the " Value of it in t\.c Country, after the Charge of planting " it is deducted ; not to mention the Duty and Excife on " that other Staple Commodity, Rum^ above twice as much " as the prime Coft, and a like Excels on our other Plan" *' tation Goods, which ftiould have been eafed, inftead of burdened, at leaft when the Colonies were young j for " thefe Duties hinder'd their Growth, and reduced them " from a flouriftiing to a languidiing Condition. 'Tis cer- " tain that when Duties are laid on, 'tis not eafy to have " them taken off or diminifh*d; and indeed the Cuftom of " Appropriation renders it almoft impoftible, and no pri- " vate Wifdom can provide againft that Evil. " How much our Trades near home have been confidered " to the Difadvantage of 9ur Colony Trades, appears par- '' ticularly in an Inftanc: which has lately happened. It is " not doubted but that there is enough Iron Ore or Stone " in our Northern American Continent Colonies to anfwer " the Demand of the Britijh Iron-Trade, if Encouragement " were given for making Iron there, and importing it thence; " but the Influence of the Baltick Traders and the Iron " Traders in England^ is fuch a Clog to that -Ufe and all " neceflary Experiments, that fo great Store of Iron, which " migh. be brought thence, lies among the Rubbilh of the " Earth. And xxix: u t: 1 !.|V, XXX INTRODUCTIGN. INI .:« cc ({ u «< <( cc «( (C (C C( C( (C cc (C <( (( (C (( (C cc cc C( (C cc (C «C cc CC (C cc '■ Rope- makers, " and the Bouni " portation of tl " paid by ielTeni *' in thofeArticJc " Tliat fuch E '* ncceOary for al " nies, muft be ^ " the Price of L " Articles of Ph " Charge, but t " where the Peo| " out of the CO " rage it may be " tiler encourage " ford, where th( '* And if Pig and other unmanufadtured Iron was imported from thence to Englnnd^ it would not only in a great Meafure prevent the VVafte of our remaining Woods by its Forges ; but being brought home as Ballaft for Ships, or at low Freight, would come fo cheap to our Workcri and Dealers in Hard-ware (a very numerous and profitable Body of People) that the Trade would be prodigioully increafed, and confcquently, not only their private Gains, *' but the publick *Stock of the Nation ; all which is too cafily to be conceived to need Enlargements here. But it muft be added farther, that there would be a faving to the Nation of 2 or 300,000/. a Year, which the Swedr, have had again ft u-; in the Balance of the Iron Trade for " many Years paft. If I am in an Error, I was led into it by the beft Judges of the Iron Manufacture and Trade, the Dealers at Binnlngham^ of whom fcveral, in Con- jundion with fome Gentlemen and oihers, formed a So- ciety about 20 Years ago, who engaged to raifc a Stock '* of 4000/. for carrying on an Iron-wcik in yirginia. With this View they had, by the beft Enquiry and In- formation of People who frequented that Country, treated for the Purchafe of a Tradt of Land very convenient for *' their Purpole, well ftored with Iron-Ore, abundantly wiili Wood, and commodious for Water Carriage j but on weighing equally the Advanrage and Difadvantage that could be forefeen in carrying :t on, the Duty of foreign Iron which muft ftill lie upor, what they raifed when itii- ported in England^ Was found to be fuch a dead Weight, that it was impoftible fuch a Trade could live under it. *' Some of the Birmingham Men and others have fmce, in '^ particular Adventures, attempted this Undertaking j but the fame Difficulty that hindered the profecuting it by that Society, have, we fuppofe, been a Hindrance to this Day; though, within thefe few Weeks, 50 Ton of Iron has been imported from Maryland. Much of this Kind may be (aid of Hemp, which thrives very well ia Carolina^ Penfylvania, and doubtlefs would do the fame in the other Continent Colonies, which proinifes fair for a Supply of Cordage for all cur mariti^ne Demands, if the like En ** couragement was given fo thefe two Articles of our Plantation Growth, as has ucen to Rice, Pitch and Tar, by which Means the former, within thefe twenty Years, is now in fo flourifliing a Condition, that Carolina bid fair for the RiceTradeof ^wri?^^ j and Pitch and Tar, fo: which we formerly paid ready Money to the Northern!' largir and more c Nations, come now fo cheap to our Ship-builders andj ricul Preface will Rop |(( u " ways paying i\ " Growth of 10 " has been a Hin " the Iflands, and " Colonies. " It is not dou " berry-trees in ( of our Jmencar. time anfwer the Dut then it mu Life and the D " Inhabitants of tl to fpare, cannot hereafter be able but how and wh< there, and due other Confiderati *' We have juf there were no le for European Poi ' Check at home, ' meration. '' Many Obfervi the particular Coi their feveral Proc provemer>ts that Difadvantages th^ at for removing rl cc § (• l<( (( lit (( (( \lC (( (( I (( (C (( l(( (( l(( (C (C l(C Ik lu l(( Ice li( li( l(( J« l(C l<( l(( (C l( r r' i( r r INTRODUCTION. Ropc-makcrs, that the Charge of it is hardly felt by them, and the Bounty that is paid by the Publick, on the Im- portation of thofe Commodities, is doubly and trebly re- paid by lelTening the Balance of Trade that was againll us in thofeArticlcs. " That fuch Bounty or other Encouragement is abfolutely nccelTary for all new Experiments in our Jmcruan Colo- nies, muft be well known to fuch as are acquainted with ihe Price of Labour there, which at home is, in moft Articles of Plantation or Manufadture, the leaft of the Charge, but there the greateftj and in new Colonics, where the People are to labour for Life, they will not go out of the common and neareft Way, whatever Advan- tage it may be to their Mother Country, unlefs that Mo- ther encourages and aflills them in it. They cannot af- ford, where the Price of Labour runs fo high, to be al- ways paying it, and leaving the Returns from it to a Growth of lo or 20 Years Diftance. This probably has been n Hindrance to Cocoa and Cotton-planting in the Iflands, and other valuable Produdts in the Continent Colonies. " It is not doubted but, from the great Plenty of Mul- berry-trees in Carolina, Georgia, and the South Parts of our Jmerican Colonies, the Produd of Silk may in time anfwcr the moft fanguine Expectations of that kind j Dut then it muft be confidered, that the Neceffities of Life and the Dearnefs of Labour are fo great, that the Inhabitants of thofe Colonies, till they have more Hands to fpare, cannot ferve their Mother Country as they might hereafter be able to do with fuch valuable Experiments ; but how and when that may be done, from feafible Schemes there, and due Encouragement at home, is Matter for other Confideration than in this Introduction. *' We have juft received Advice from Carolina, that there were no left than 91,000 Barrels of Rice exported for European Ports in the laft Year ; but it ftill has fome Check at home, by remaining under Cuftom-houfe Enu- meration. Many Obfervations have been made, in treating of the particular Countries and Iflands, of the Advantages of [heir feveral Produdts to the Britijh Trade, and the Im- provements that have been made therein ; as alfo of the Difadvantages they lie under, and fome Methods hinted ac for removing rhem. This is a Subjedt that requires a largir and more circumftantiated Difcuflion than an hifto* ricai Preface will admit of. I « What x\xi (C 4i . 4' i ii i XXXJl I N r R o Du cr I N. IN u What has been Qid here ncccflarily fails under the Con- *' tiderarion of flH thu ire concerned in and acquainre'^ with •' the Produdt and Trade of our Am/irican Plantations -, but ** what rclares to their Security, bcin<» the proper Bnlincii ** of the State, oii|»h!: io be referred to the Care and h'ro- ** tcdion of its Minillcrs, who will doubtlcfs to their own •* Knowledge and Kxpeiicncc add what they have IcarreJ •' and can learn of, the Situation, Danger and Defence ot •* the Briti/h (Jolonics. Bur I cannot omit a few Words ** upon what I have lately read of their prcfent Stiength in ** Capt. Ar;«j?'s Voyages. He tells us there are, in our •* yf;n*nVrt« Colonies, 1,500,000 Souls of /M>/^Extradion, •' of which 30,000 are fit to bear Arms, and ready to goon ** any Expedition againft the common Enemy, French and •' apaniards. His Computation of 1,500,000 is doubtlcfs ** too large by at Icaft a third of the Number ; but his Num- ** ber of fightng Men, if referred only to fuch iS are tit for *• any foreign Expedition, is within Compafs. Now if one ^* third of that Number was inroIlM in the feveral Provinces ** of our Continent Colonies, \^ they were well officcr'd "and difciplined, with fuch proper Allowance fbr Lofs of *' Time as may be provided for them there or at home, they *' would form a Corp, in 4 or 5 Years time, that could no: ** be oppofcd fucceliifully by any Body of Men fronrj Europe. ** There are, in" thole Colonies, Ships enough forTran. fports, and Provifions enough in all of them for fupply. ing the feveral Quota's of Mon, and conveying them to any Rendezvous. And fuch Forces being more *' ufed to the American Climates, the Food and way ofl ** living in the Colonics would be more fcrviceaWe in any *' fuch Expedition than double that Number fcnt from £«.| rope\ conlidcring alfo that the Fatigues^ Perils and Sick< nefs that attend the Voyages ^'ould be very much Icllen'dl by fo (hort a one as that from the Britijh Colonics to the lilands and the Span'ijh or French Settlements. To this Propoiition I never heard any Objection made by anJ *5. Perfon thit knows the leall of thefe Matters, cxceptinj •' that the Planters cannot fparc their Hands, though bul fo fmall a Part of them, for Military Exercife and Service.| It would be to wrong the XVifdom of the Brit'tfl) Nation, to imagine that it could not get over fuch an Objedion, *' The Sugar Iflands cannot boaft much of their Numbei of Britijh Inhabitants; they arc but fmall, and lie in tli< Neighbourhood of the French Sugar Colonies j the onh ,** Means therefore that can be thought of tof their Security) ** is a due Care for repairing or enlarging their Fortificatiora keepin (C «c (( «c <( tlcl's « urn- <> t f(jr 'one 4( inccs (( ccr'd (( )fsof i( they (C d not l( fope. C( r ran. K pply. (C them (( more (( ay of (C n .iny l( \ Ek' t( Sick. f( llenM « ies to M Tg (( )yan]| It iptinj C( h but l( rvice. IC ation. u lion. (( mbers (( intli( « : onl (( urity l( itioit o sepin INTRO t^UCriON, keejping what Militia they have {r\ cxaft and frequent Ex- ercile, well turrtifhing their Magazines with Military Stores, carefully preventing ill Waftc and F mbc2,z!emci)r 'lo this muft be added, abovetll things, a watchful Kve on the Motions of ( <'r Neighbours the Frtmh^ to i^c alway* as forward as they cm in fending Squadrons or ShipJ thither, and ftttioning thcrt^ there in Cfiual Proportion to the Number of the Enemies Ships Ihtioned at their IflaiKis,, which > with a flout Squadron always in Station in Jamaica and thofe Seas, will be a fufHcicnt Guard a- gainit any fuddci . Invafion or Infult. As thefe Particulars are all humbly offered as Hints, they are left to be better digefled of thofc who are immediately call'd to this Work; but if they are thought too general, they will be more particularized, enlarged and explained, as Occafion re- qiiires. *' As I am not for lulling ourfclvcs into a dangerous Se- curity, by a flattering Scheme of our American Strength i fo neither am I for frightning my Countrymen with the exaggerated Datlgers of the Enemy's Strength, which has been done fomewhat too largely, though well defigned by our Colony Writers. The French^ in i^orth- America^ have {a many Difficuhies to ftrugglc with in their perilous Na- vigation, their barren and impracflicable Country, that their Strength confifts chiefly in the little Account (more than Eafe and Safety) that would arife from the dillodg- ing them. The French^ in their boafted Acquifitions to the Southward, and their vain Pretences to the Dominion of the P Jver Mijpjftppi^ are as yet very little formidable, and probably make not (o much of the Name of that Trade as our South-Sea Company do with the Name of theirs, in which they never employed a Ship nearer it than Porit-Btiio. Col. Purryy of Carolina^ tells, that the Couiitry and the Banks of the MiJJiJtppi is, for 300 Miles from the Mouth of it, as barren at the Terra Ca- nadenfii^ and frotn that 300 Miles within Land, almoft as far as the Lake of the Iroquois^ belonging to our Neiv- Tork Indians \ that River runs on the Back of our Con- tinent Mountains, from whence fo many fine and navi- gable Rivers flow into the Sea, which has a rnuch nearer way of Communication with European Navigation than the neareft Part of the Mijft/ftp^ ; and if there is any thing fo wonderfully rich and inviting in the Trade with the Mijf^ppians as is pretended, they lie fo near the Moun- tains juft mentioned,which have been found to be paiTablc, \^ ikW Britift) Inhabitants in our Colonies may eaHly , ) xxxiii ■(♦. coma M"^ ■•■• I'-'-l,! ■Ifi y^ #*: '■ i ■ 'A ±^ X I m ^■,'>^i.V'- (..•i^yiH-i N xxxiv IN r,R p,B V-^CS J OAT.M- IgOOKS *« come into what Share of tj?«i ^pftd^they^think fit ; and ** that Trade itfclf muft be much better t%an we conceive " to enable the fr^ach %qi fpogJe,.and fiiTtiify thethfalves ** Jn'aTra^ of 2000 *Miles, ij^ie^l probably thete iare npt '^^ now a hundred Eurtptein Families' fartl^r Up tha|i^o or *« 60 Miies-the MoutboH the River. . u. f *' The Increaf© of the Prtkluft a^ Power of the Pnnch ** Sugar Iflands reqliiif^more the' Atteritioiji ^nd Care of I ** the Britijh StWtlj^n their Set'il^txients and Trade on the ** American Contineht. We jcan now % no more of the ** Defence and Securifj* qf .cLk owo Sugar Iflands, than what " we have faid heretoSHe,^ and aaJO tiheir Produd, if they *' were pre;ty near on ^ J?ar with th« French in Duties at " home, a^'^d a fre© J^»0ottatiin tn their Charge of Go. *' yemmenc and MMitia, 'tis not to be (ioubted but the Good< | *' nefs of the Commodities, the Advantages they have in t»Ja- ** vigation and the y^nV^n Trade, would, in a (Hpri; time,. '' reSore them to that Superiority which their Produ£}s had ** in European Markets. To all w|?ich,if we add the jaft and " neceflary Reftraint on their Trade with the 5ri/«)j^ Northern '♦^'Colonies for Provifioqs, ^c. they would be as little able '* to carry on their Sugar Works in the American Klahds, a; '^ they could the Woollen Manufa^lure in /r<7fffr without 5 i Vi ■■1 e< -■n;if;- . ■ ■■■ .1 > •.• ' •' f' "Vf' ,•0; ,4' ■■.I' J.-.V ,.^.1, «ii)" t(K -■ ;;.'.K.> •..•'■"■•• '♦i^^ '■'■» *' *•*''• ^'^' "'^ "■ ■ iJ.- v.> » •3 "i lO'. ■ ■ H I I . a I »m . . -.. - i" V!' ■■> "f.! A. m ves apt 01 p K S printed' for }r Cl ARke, an4er the •> ' / ■'■ II 'f Ut :;> V. I 5 of the the vhat they ;s at Go. ood. tTa. timcj 8 bad table ds, a) ithout I. A General Diftionary/jfTifterical a^d Critical : in which a j\ new and accurate ^ra^fation of that of tTie celebrate4 Mr. 5flj;i5f, with the Cor)Br<^iQns and Obfervatiotts printed in the late Edition at Paris, is included } and interfperfed with feveral thouiajxd Xiives never befprc puWifli'd. The whole containing the Hirioiy of the moft iUuftriouj Perfons of all Ages and Nations, particularly tbofe tof Grea(, Britain and irel^ni^ diftinguiftied by their Rania^ Aftrbns, Learning and other Acpomplifhments. With Rcfleftions on fuch Pkffages of Mr, Bayle, as feem to favour Seep' tlcilm and the Manichet Syftim. B» ihe Rev. Mr. John Peter Ber- nard, F. R. S. the Rev. Mr. Wnat Birc&, M. A. and F. R. S. yir. J<^n Lockman^ and tStheV Hands, \\i Ten Volumes. 11. Geography Anatomized : or, the Geographical Grammar. Being a iliort and exa£l Aiialyfis of the whole Body of Modern Geography, after a new aad curious Method. Comprehending, \, A general View of the Terraqueous Qlobe, being a compen- dious Syftem of the true Fundamentals of Geography, digefted into various Definitions, Problems, Theorems, and Paradoxes; \ andlwith a tranfient Survey of the Surface of the Earthly Ball, as it theroBconfiftsof Land and Water. 2. A particular View of the Ter- raqueous Globe, being a clear and pleafant Frofpedt of all re- arkabl^ Countries upon the Face of tlie whole Eiarth ; {hewing heir Situation, Extent, Divifion, Sub-divifion, Cities, chief owns. Name, Air, Soil, Commodities, Rarities, Archbiihbpricks, ilhopricks, Univerlitief, Manners, Languages, Government^ lArms, Religion. The i9th Edition, corrected and fomewhat en- larged ; and a Set of &ew Maps by Mr. Senex, By Pat. Gordon^ .A. F.R.S. III. A new and accurate Defcription of the Coaft of Guinea, ivided into the Gold, the Slave, and the Ivory Coafts ; con- ining a Geographical, Political, and Natural Hiftory of the ingdoms and Countries ; with a particular Account of the Rife^ 'rogrefs and prefent Condition of all the European Settlements ipon that Coaft, and the juft Meafures for improving the feveral ranches of the Guinea Trade. Illuftrated with feveral Cuts. which is prefixM an txzOi Map of the whole Coaft of Guinea. IV. The Prefent State of Great Britain and Ireland, in three Parts. I . Of South Britain, i. Of North Britain. 3 . Of Ireland, ontaining an accurate and impartial Account of thefe famous [Hands, of their feveral Counties and Inhabitants ; the Advan" ges and Difadvantages of both, in refpeft to foreign CountrieSi^ nd their Curiofities of Nature and Art. Of the vaft, populous opulent City of London, the Metropolis of England, and of e two celebrated Univerfities, Oxford and Cambridge. Of the Vitons, original Language, Temper, Genius, Religion, Morals^ fade, ^c. Their Nobility, Gentry, Clergy and Commonalty, heir Laws and Government ; and a fuccina Hiftory of all the ^llijh Monarchs to this Time. With Lifts of the prefent Of- i A Afters in Chtirch and State, and of both Houfes of Parliament. fo the prefent State of his Majefty's Dominions in Germany. 'k Eighth Edition, corrected and enlarged. '**' ■|i [yi i^:j' Hii ffef Hi f " ' -> V "» ,' ^ - ' ,,-'% r', ■ ..,Jt- -^"'•■'■ I. 1 , :'t' ,.n' I I » ' . ■ In Two Pocket Volumes, (Price 6si) i T H E H I ST O R Y O F T H E i ■ . . BUCANEERS of AMERICA * CON TAIN I 1^0/ I. The Exploits and Adventures of Lg Grand, UUnou, jtochty Srafiliano, Bat the PortuguefCf Sir Henry Morgan, Knt. ^c. II. The dangerous Voyage and bold Attempts of Capt. $l?arf, Watlin, Sanukins, Coxon and. others in t\ie.Soutb-Sea, III. A Journal of a Voyage into the* ^outhSea, by the Free- booters of ^/«w/V<». IV. A Relation of a Voyage by the Sieur Montauian, Captain of J the Freebooters in Guinea. Exhibiting a particular Account and f Defcription of Porto-Belh, Chagrtt Partama, Cuba^ HavanahA and moft of the Spanijh PofTefliohs on the Coafts of the Wtft-InditiX and alfo all along the Coafts of t]ie South Sea ; with the Manner in which moft of them have been taken and ranfack'd, and the rell invaded or attempted by thefe undaunt«id Adventurers. The Whole written in feveral Languages by Perfons prefent at the Tranfadions. Translated into Engli/h, and illuftrated withj Copper-plates, in two Volumes. The Fourth Edition, 1741. - . THE ). . • i .,' H: . , \A- f»tt. Jir tt^sAt^rr'>M>i\'V .-■'.■Zl.M .a»t-... ; Vf!i.oAt«U'«taa ">\V 1s-t HE \k'f ' ■'• •« i^:vK^^a. 1^ f;f^ *:"' "M^ ' «M' > .M» * ?.v '•■.iH*"'>,v.;;;w.'.V.«*. ^vji/j;.V.-.-.':'V;!'A ij.e* '^'' ..•- . '' :••': ■••■•■.■.•.•■•.•'• .■•.■'•■'••'■'•• .■•'.'• ^"^*^ .....^i^^i;#^ liilife?^ .,^•«.v•: >■; : •■ •.': -.'O*.' .- •;•■": • : • •■;.•.•:••=•' /•;.■.•: •••■•■•" ■ ■ .• " " '• •• •■.•■.•.••^' ^.^^^Wl^rini'Sf H I N E TP [An Account creafe, In I Trade and HIS Cabot^ King( DifcoN ^^olumbus had clifcc ^w^/^f's Difcovery. continent. C^^^/ «'as fettled at Bri Merchants of that ( nd Traders to ind The Jfland is ol ■ 300 Leagues fance, on the Cc \itland to the Soutk stbat between Z>c2/, Pegreesof North La leturn from the /,?< H New-Spam u Wn 500 Miles, of I'les diftant from th m is hardly half wj ( I ) THE HISTORY O F NETFFOUNDLAND. Contaiiiing [An Account of its Difcovery, Settlement, En- creafe, Inhabitants, Climate, Soil, Product, Trade and prefent State. HIS !arge Ifland was diTcoverM by ^^^^V^^'^^dtcawV^ Caboty who was fenc to America by Henry VII, s.^Cabot* K.ingoi England, in the Year 1497, to make wjl' Difcoveries 4. or 5 1 ears only, after Chr'yhpher 'Columbus had difcovered the new World,, which proves to us that the Englijh were the firft of all the Europeans after Co- \umbus*s Difcovery, that found out any Pare of the American ■ ;)oncinent. Cabot was the Son of a Genoefe Merchant who vas fettled at Brijiol^ where Sebajiian was born, and the Icrchants of that City were (bme of the firil Proprietors of, nd Traders to ind in this Country. The Jfland is of a triangular Fig,ire, as big as Ireland, ^'' Figurt, [bout 300 Leagues in Circuit, ieparate from Canada or New- france, on the Continent, to the North, and from New- mland to the South, by a Channel of much the fameBreadth sthat between Dover and Calais: It lies between 4^ and 50 )egreesof Norih Lat. in the Courfe Ships ufually hold as they leturn from the JVeJl'lndies\ and the Galleons and Flota's pom Ncvf-Spain in a homeward bound Voyage, come lithin 500 Miles of it : ^ 'Tis not above 600 f>eagues or 1800 ^iles diftant from the Lands End of England ; and the Great mk is hardly halfway to Virginia; it has n any commodious Latitude and SliHut'itn* i' 1 '■■^ m ^' k\ 2 The Uijlur^ of Newfoundland. Bays along the Coaft, Tome of them running inr^ the Laod towards one another 20 Leagues. Some Writers relate that the Fi(hermen of Bi/i-ay fre- quentcd the Banks of Newfoundland and fifh'd there tor Cod, long before Columbus difcovered the New-lVorld. The French pretend to prove this by fome antique Verfes in their Language, but that does not feem to be very likely, for the Great Bank being but twenty Leagues from the IfUnd, if ihc Bisks had frequented it, they muft in the Courfe of a very few Voyages been within Sight of it, whether they knew it or not, and they would not long have feen it without landing upon itj where, with a fmall fearch, the neighbouring Continent of America is as ea{y to be ken'd as Calais is from Dover. Bifcay is certainly fo near the Banks ^vcwxch nearer than England^ that it would not have been to be wondered at, if the Bi/caimrSf who were famous Fifliers, had been driven thi- ff ^/'///""ther by Accident and againft their Wills inillWeathcr. Bu: French rj fjbf the Pretence of their Fidiingon the Great Bank not beingfo D'Jeovtry. ^gH prov'd as to put in a Claim for them to the Country and Fifliery, they darted another, and that was the Difcovery of one John Ferazzan-^ 2 Florentine Adventurer, (entby i^ra«. cis \. the French King, to America^ on the fame Errand aj Cabot was fent by King Henry oi England feveral Years before, and they fay Verazzan took Fofleirion of it for Francis ; but it is all a Dream ond Impertinence^ tho' if it was true it wou'd not at all leflen the Right of the Englifl)-^ for Sebajiian Cak had not only taken PoflefiTion of it in the Name of Henry VII long before Francis was King of France^ but as a Proof of it, had brought home with him 3 of the Natives, probably the firft| Indians that ever were feen in Europe, except thofe that Ct- lumbus had brought to Spain with him in his two firft Voyagi thither before Cabot*s ; and not long after Cahot's Voyagi hither, and to Noremhegua, ail the Continent fo called lfolkj Was re Vomdets of the l^ecords he \s hi of \\\s did not de; linve been fenr o fure, in (o barbai This muft be ah 6kd in 154^, an which was printec Years before, wh The Englijhiift Portuguejc reforte Trade for Fifli, f 40 Years after 1\ Captain Richard I empJoy'd by Mr. ' a Ship of 300 Ti the Nonh Side of hy Sailors and Trai to bitter cold W Harbour, where th im, Beavers, Sea-F return'd to Enghnc In 1583 Mr. C out a Ship of 220 t ther Voyage to Ne-. Humphry Gilbert, a venturer, half Brot With two Ships and 5 miffion from Queen in her Name, whic .ijour, inPrefenceof other Nations to fifli towards Firginia, by hisCourfe, ioft his I m Canada, which is PC"fting in her. ' Prince in his Wc jd Errors, writes i/ffion of the Great \nvefied ^ueen Elizabt f . This he did at J'ch he took PoOef reck on that Coaf ncer, to bisCondue ^e Hi/iory ^Newfoundland. 3 S^orfoJk, was really that King's Phyfician, and one of the Founders of the College of Phyficians in London j in whofc Uecords he is highly character iz'd. Tis to be fear'd this Son of his did not deferve a very high Charader, or he wou'd not have been Tent or permitted to go on fuch a defperate Adven- ture, in (o barbarous and defolace a Country as Newfoundland, This muft be about \\\t Year 154.0, for Sir William Butts died in 1545* and WUtburn,mhisTTC2Ai{e of Newfoundland, which was printed A D. 1622. speaks of this Voyage as 80 Years before, which was J. D. 1542. The Englijhakcx this neglecting the Place, the French and Poriugue/c reforted to 't, and carry*d on a very profitable Trade for Fifli, Furrs and Skins, but in the Year 1579, about 40 Years after Mr. Hore*s intended Settlement mifcarry'd. Captain Richard Whitburn, of Exmouth in Devon/hire, ^*^bufn'/S*' cmploy'd by Mr. John Cotton^ a Merchant of Southampton, in Vo^agl" a Ship of 300 Tons, to filli on the Great Bank^ lying on the North Side of The Land, as this Ifland is generally call'd by Sailors and Traders. But his Companions not being us'd to bitter cold Weather oblig'd him to put into Trinity Harbour, where they kill'd ftore of Fifli, Deer, Bears, Ot- ters, Beavers, Sea- Fowl, and having made a tolerable Voyage, return'd to England. In 1583 Mr. Crook, a Merchant of SautJjampton, fitted lySj. out a Ship of 220 Tons, in which Capt. Whitburn madeano- ^"'"^ I ther Voyage to Newfoundland, and while he was there. Sir Humphry Gilbert, a Devonjhire Gentleman and famous Ad- s. Humphry I venturer, half Brother to Sir Walter Raleigh, came thither Gilbert take* with two Ships and a Pinnace, and brought with him a Com-^^f'g"/^^ ImiflTion from Qiiccn Elizabeth to take PolTeffion of the Place b«tb. in her Name, which he did accordingly, in St. John's Har- bour, in Prefence of Capt. Whitburn. This Knight forbad all lother Nations to fifli upon that Coaft j and failing from thence Itowards Virginia, by Reafon of forae unhappy difference in Ihis Courfe, loft his biggeft Ship, upon Shelves on the Coaft: M Canada, Which is very dangerous, moft part of her Crew Iperiihing in her. Prince in his Worthies of Dtiion, among other Dreams id Errors, writes that Sir Humphry Gilbert took Pof- edion of the Great River of St. Laurence in Canada, and }^vtfted ^ueen Elizabeth in an EJlate of too Miles in Lengthy cutting a Turf and Rod after the ancient Cufiom of £ng- bnd. This he did at Newfoundland^ but not at Canada, of ifhich he took Po0eflion only by leaving bis biggeft Ship a Vreck on that Coaft; fo that, continues this Devonjhitx /ricer, to bisCondu, Mr. Ri~"^' I 'chard Bawdier, Mr. Anthony Haviland, Mr. IViiUam Leivis, Ulr. Humphry Hook, Mr. John Guy, Mr. Philip Guy, Mr. \lVilliain Meredith, Mr. John i)e//j'/;//V and others ; who lent over a Colony thither under the Di.cdion of Mr. John Guy of Brijlol, of which City he had been SheriflF in the Year liiJoS, and wa,'; Mayor in 161 8, as was Mr. John Doughtie, [another of the Grantee's, in the Year 1^20, and Mr. Hujk- phry Hook another of them in the Year 1629 ; ^ t^'^c Mr. X^vwdler to have been alfo a Bri/hl Man, having met with [that Name among the Magift rates of that City. Mr. Guy ^(^- Gfy*-. land his Company arriv'd at Newfoundland in 20 Days from ^^''^'' '" "^ Ing'andi they landed at Concepiim-Bay, and built Houfe5, or jrather Hurts, for their Habitations during their flay, which Hliew's that from the beginning they had thoughts of going back \mioBriJiol. Mr. G«ybehavedfocourtcou{ly to the Natives, [hat he entirely gain'd their Friendlhip, and the Etiglijh were fiot at all difturbed by them in carrying on their Settlement, is they were in Virginia. Indeed the Indians were very rarely fcen on the Ea/l, and North-EaJI Coaft of this Ifland, which |he EngUJh firft planted, and were but very few in Number in ny Part of it. Mr. Guy ftaid here two Years, and then re- |arn'd to England, but Ibme of his Company remain'd after M was gone, probably about Conception-Bay, for Capt. tVynne, \ whom hereafter, mentions his Expectation of Men from hence ayi, 1609. a in his Letter to Sir Giorge Calvert. He alCo fpeaks B 3 - ef r , \- \ b ■i ■| 6 ^e Hillory of Newfoundland'. of Br'ijlcl P/antatton, where he found as good Rye grow as in any Part of England. %6\i. In the Year 1611. Capt. IVhlthurn made another Voyage to Nfwfoundknd^ and the Arch- Pirate Py 170 J flourifliing their V\^ ^n :he Year itfi irehas'd a Grant 'swell to the Soutt.^ '"•^wr^had noRiJj oi^it WkiterT John Vaughan, iroet as well M a f The Hijlory of Ne vv fou n dland . 7 « he and thole that were with him L;:ing afraid, (Iruck it a *' full Blow on the Head, by which it fell from thence j ic " afterwards came to two other Boars in the fame Harbour, *' where they laid by the Shore, the Men in them for fear « fled to Land." MlVhulurn and thofe other Men had pall the Examination of wile and honourable Pcribnii, and at- tcfted rhc Truth of this Spedtaclc upon Oath, it would pafs for themoft prodigious Apparition that evcrMan faw fincc lie was created, but a^ it is, one can take it to be no better than Ship News. In the Year enfuing, the EngUJ}) found fome Indian Habi- 'Cn. rations, which were Hutts made of Poles fee round, and meet- ing at Top, about JO Foot broad, cover'd with Deer Skins, and the Fire in the middle. In the next Yoar, 54 Men, 6 '("xa- Women, and 2 Children winter'd there, and the Seafbn prov'd moderate. The Evglijh fow'd Wheat and Rye, and planted Turneps andCoIeworts, which, 'tis faid, grew as well as in Eng- land-, which is the more extraordinary, becaufe Wheat and other Grain cannot now be brought to thrive there. The new Planters got plenty of Fifli and Fowl for Food, and Bears and Otters for Skins : But we have Reafon to believe that things did not anfwer their Expedtations, for the Grantees grew weary of their Adventures and Attempts, the Land being foon alienated from them to others. IVhitburn imputes ic to bad Management, but as he was endeavouring to be him- lelt the Manager, one may reafonably fuppofe there were alfo fome defcdts in the Climate and Country. The next Year, Whitburn being again at Ktwfoundland^ "'M' I Sir Henry Manvoaring came there with y ftout Ships, llrongly provided to fecurc the Filhcry And in the following Year Capt. IVhitburn made am < hzi, having a CommilTion from Sir George to be their Governor. He feated himfelf at Fcrryland, built a large Houfe, Out- Houfes, and Store-Houles, and Rooms to lodge his People. In May, the next Year, Capt. Daniel Powel arriv'd in Ca- Uilin Bay,a League from Ferryland,mth Supplies of Men and Stores. There is no trulling to the Relations of the firft Ad- venturers. Their Hearts were fet upon a Settlement, and they made ufe of their Imaginations in the Defcription of - the Country, to invite the Englijh to follow them thither, and there lettle; for the Land and its Product is very diffe- Irent in their Accounts of it, and thofe that are now given lofit. Capt. Wynn, the Governor, wrote to Sir George Calvert Ithe 17th oiAugu/i, 1622 : We hzivclFheat, Barley, Oats and \Beans eared and codded; and tho* the late /'owing and Jetting Mthem in May, or the Beginning of June, might occafion m contrary y yet they ripen now Jo fajl^ that it carries the Like ' 3; 1 if ■ ! t .*• '.: { Carpenters. mil. Hatch, 3 Henry Duke, Boatfmafter. IFillium Shurpus, Taylor. Owen Evans. Mary RuJJel. Eliz, Sharpus. Ifohn Bayley. ylnr. Bayley, his Wife., Widow Bayley. yofeph Panjer. Robert Rcw, Fidierman. Philip Lane, Cooper. fi^'n°ir ?Boatfmafte». PeterJVotton, \ Ellis Hinkfon. Gregory Flejhman, ^ ^ Richard Higgins, \ ' In all thirty two. II Capt. irynn fet up a Salt- Work at Ferryland, which was brought to great Perfedion by Mr. John Hickfon. We read that the Lord Faulkland, Lord-Lieutenant of If eland, fenr a Colony to Newfoundland in the Year 162"^^ under Mr, Francis Tanfield, probably in Concert with the proprii,:' "^.ft named, the Chief of whom was Sir Lau-' Yincc Tc / /, Lord Chief Baron ; but this Sir Francis Tan- I pld returned home without making any Settlement. Sir George Calvert, made Lord Balti?nore, was (o well fatisfied with the Account given him of his Plantation of Avalon, that he removed thither with his Family, built a fine Houfe and ftrong Fort at Ferryland, and dwelt rhere feveral Years ; as did Dr. Vaughan, on the other 8fide of the i Ifland. The Bri/iol Plantation was in being ftill, and Con- i ttption. Trinity, St. John's, Cape de Raz and other Stages were every Year frequented by great Numbers of Englijh Adventurers in the Fifliing Trade. The Lord Baltimore^ having a better Settlement in view at Virginia, return'd to \England to get a Grant of the Country, which is fince call'd Maryland. However, he ftill retained the Property of Avalon, and governed the little Colony at Ferryland by [Deputies. His Son, Cecil Lord Baltimore, did the fame, till the Diftra<5tions in England, during the Civil Wars, ren- Ider'd his PofTeHion precarious^ and about the Year 1^54, Sir David Kirk, whom I take to be a demolifti'd Cavalier, .r,v Da who, to patch his tatter*d Fortune, refolved to change the Kirki IClimate, and try whether that of America would not agree*'""""' jbetter with it than that of Britain had done. Having the Warrant ' \mT-. wi. •erf W'' 111 %\ ■ : i '■M •\ : ■ >\i:\ 12 7he Bijiory of Newfoundland. a !^: Warrant of the then Govcrnmenr, he went to Newfoundland^ and poflefs'd himfelf of the Lord Baltimore's Plantation which he afterwards f:reated with that Lord to purchafej but the Family of Calvert would never formally part with their Pretences, notwithllanding which, Sir Z)r/x»/^ lived there fomc time ; there he died, and gave his Name to a Sound in the touih-lf'ej} ShoxCj not far from Cape Breton. He will be mentioned again in Nova Scotia-^ what is faid of him and his Expedition againft the French at Canada ^ in my firft Edition, is here redtify'd. It is a vain Contefl on the fide of the EngHJh^ as well as French, to pretend to a Right to a Country, becaufe a Frenchmar,, or an Euglifljman., or aviy Man in Engfijh or - French Pay firft faw it. Jn fadt neither of th( rn have any real Right to it. 'Tis in the Aborigines or Natives of fuch Country, and that Right extends to it, whether they think fit to cultivate it or not. The Europeans who found any Part of America^ landed, poirefs'd ir, and kept the PoITeflion, were doub^lefs entitled to it, exclufiveof all other Europeany but the French had no fuch Pretenfion to aiiy Part of New^ foundland^ whereas the Englijh had poiTefs'd, planted and fettled here 5o Years befo-? the French began to fettle ad fortify the Places they pofiTefs'd thcmfelvcs of, Placcuna^ and St. Peter's^ &c. on tiie Southern Shore, l^'hitbim fpeaks of Placentia as a Bay and Harbour, or Stage for the 7he Frsrch Fifhery^ but not of any /r^;;f^!» Settlement there, which was ^s'X"^ '*' begun foon after King Charles 11. was reftored, and by the Skoar^ Advantage of the French Colony in the Neighbourhood at Canada^ thofe Intruders foon put tliemfclves into a Con- dition to maintain Footing againft not only the Clamours j but the Ppwer of the EngUJh Army, having a more numc- , rous Colony, and better Fortifications to defend them. Tiiefe Fortifications are now indeed in EngliJI) Hands ; but they make ufe ftill of their old Harbours alfo, as their fmall Settle- ments here were term'd, and not Towns., a Name indeed which they did not defcrve. Thefe Settlements began at firft at Cape St. Mary\ on the Southern Shore, and after- wards were fcatter'd along the Coaft at 8 or lo Miles Diftance from one Harbour to another as far as Grcenpond-A palfmg Cape de Raz, the moft Eaftcr ly Point of Land in! the J (land, we come to ivr7/rcnfMSouth-ff^//f Th ' good Garrifon, made a gallant Defence for five Weeks to- "" gether, during which Time the French held them in continual Play, Night and Day, with Attacks id A- larms; and at laft, wearied out with the vigorous Re. fiftance they made, retired, carrying off half of the Englifil Prifoners, with the reft, fecured themfelves and the beft] of their EfFeds in the Fort. Tkt French wanted Scorei ^ themfelves, and if the Sloop they expedled from ^ebec hifltKceilent^HarbtT *^ arrived with Supplies, they intended to have attack'd thfeft and South C^' Redoubt ag^in, and have ftorm'd the Fort. Boafting, if theSe more common?* had St. John's Town, they would keep all the Fiihery t*? the Countrv J^ themfelves. The Englijh have not only had St. John'M Qa that which Town all along^, but they have now alfo Placentia, 5JL^« ^^^ j^ , ^ Prter's and the wnole Ifland of Newfoundland i yet they havpirms towards thi M not kept, and cannot keep the Fifliery to themfelves. Under, the Name of Newfound/and^ call'd, as 1 have fai already. The Land by Sea-men, the Ifles are compri bended which lie on the Wejl-fide of it, in the Gulph of .Ji ijiftin^i^- Laurence : They are 15 in Number, of which, the moj confiderable are Cape Breton Ifle, St. John's Ifle, 90 Mili 9 and it 1 the North at all in the Eqjffr Bays upon the Coa VBonaviJf, Trinity, jwards the South-lVt Ibour, the Bay of . \here \% no Shore in luuitdland. towards the N Peter*% Ijeg on eagues difliint from ince of other Bays the Great Bay, an ly, which hes in at 'loufly fituated to long, 48 broad, and 270 in Circumference. Tfis propcffc three Arms R nothing elfe but a great Forcft of Fir-trees, furrounded wifflyndred Safj ^ H Shi He Hiflory of Newfoundland. IS u deep Rocks. Cape Breton is Part of New-Scotland, and there fpoken of. The Ifle of AJfumption is alfo called Anticojii, about ^o Leagues long, 12 broad, and 140 in Circuit : Tis fituated at the Mouth of the great River of Canada^ and has a pretty good Haven, call'd Bears Port, Between Anticojii and the Flat IJland fome Writers fay, there was the beft Cod-Filhingj if To, and it is agreed that we have no Right to Canada^ then the French do neither want the Coafls of Newfoundland^ nor Cape Breton Iflej for they tell us, that in this Sea, off of the Terra Cana-' denfis it is common to take 100 an Hour of the beft Fifli. 'Tis certain fo many have been caught in an Hour ; but it is as far from being a common thing, as that Place is from being the beft on thefe Coafts for Fifhing j neither do the Englifl) or French ever fi(h between thefe Illands. Tlio' there is great Alteration in the Sctderoents fince 'i he Land has been entirely in Pofleflfion of the Evgltjh \ yet it was not improper to take Notice, what they were formerly, and are ftill, in fome Meafure: They did not fit down be- yond Cape Bonavijl till about the latter End of the laft Century, when they made a Settlement, not very large, at |(?m«po»^-Ifland, and then took up the North- Eaji and I EaJi Part of the Country, as the French did the South and hmth-fVtfl. The Indians, very few in Number, living in the North ^ and it is fuppofed they never had any Dwellings lat all in the Eajiern and Sbuthern. There are feveral fine \Bays upon the Coafts of which the Englijb firft fettled at iBonavi/li Trinity, Conception, which ftretch themfelves to- Iwards the South-lVeJI j Torbay and Capelin, St. John^s Har- Ibour, the Bay of Bulls^ Frejfh IVater Bay and others : For Ithere is no Shore in the World fo well accommodated with excellent Harbours, and the Bottoms of the Bays on the h^ and South Coafts are fo near each other, nothing could more commodious for eafy Communication with all Parts pf the Country, were there Inhabitants that wanted it. On that which was the French Side are the Bays of Tre- NcvrfbunJ. )Q[ey, St. Mary% Borrtll and Placentia^ which extend their land, n^r \rms towards the North or oppofite Coaft. The great Bay of c^"***** It. Peter*s lies on the South- ff^e/i Side of the Ifland, 20 Leagues diflcint from the River of Canada. There are abun- ince of other Bays round about xhcWeJiern Shore, as i^^^^"^/''* I the Great Bay, and many more between that and Trinity vj, which lies in about 49 Deg. N. L. and is very com- iiouily fituated to receive Shipping in bad Weather, It 1^ three Arms or Rivers, long and large enough for many undred Sail of Ships to moor faft at Ancl^or, above a Mile "^t Climjite* in Winter. n ,«' l6 The Illjlory of Newfoundland. Mile from the Harbour's Mouth. The Bay of Flowers^ near Greenpond^ is dangerous for Shelves, The Bay'of Tre- fnfey^ which was the Bounds of the Engli/h^ Southward, lies in about 46 Dcg. N. L. is a bold -^nd fafe Coaft, and convenient for Ships in Diftrefs to louch at, palfing to and from Firginia, Neiv-Engjand^ or the Bermudas Iflands, The Climate is very hot in Summer and cold in Winter; The Naturalifts folve this by the bleak Winds that come off from the Mountains of Snow and Lakes of Ice on that Continent, from the Lakes of the Maquoh and Ilinois, &c. to the utmoft Bounds of North America ^ known to Euro- perms. The Snow lies on the Ground 4 or 5 Months; and the EngUjh in the Northern Parts were forced formerly from the Harbours into the Woods, during that Scafon, for the »rrfyftf/;v'wj5Conveniency of Firing. There they built themfelves Cab- bins, and burnt up all that Part of the Woods where they fat down. The following Winter they did the fame in an- other Place, and fo cleared the Woods as they went. The People at St. John's Town, who did not remove, were put to great Streights for Firing. Wood indeed there was more than enough ; but the felling and fetching was very charge* able. Capt. Francis, who commanded there, and was there in the Winter Seafon, told me, it was the grcateft Part of the Profits of the fmaller Officers in the Garrifon to let out their Men to cut and fetch Wood at very good Rates. He faid there was hardly any ftirring out of the Houfe for five Months in the Year ; and I faw a Letter, written in A'^w;- foundland by a Merchant, Mr. John Horjham of P/y?nouth^ whom Lofles in Trade had obliged to remove thither, where- in this Cold is reprcfented almoft as intenfe as Fire, with which hey endeavoured to aflwage it ; but at a great Ex- pence to thofe that indulged thcmfelves in it. That Mer- chant lived and died there in King IVilUam^g Reign j but very little recovered his Lofles by it. The Inhabitants have no Corn, nor any other fort of Pro- vifion or Neceflaries, except Fijh^ Venifon and Wild Fowl, but what is fent them from Europe. The Illand is full ofl Mountains and impradicable Forelts. Its Meadows are like| ^ Heaths;, and are covered with a Sort of Mofs in (lead oi Grafs. The Soil is good for nothing, being a Mixture ol Gravel, Sand and Scones. Thus fays the Baron La Hontan^ and feveral Gentlemen, whom. I have confulced on the Mat ter, particularly Cape. Francis above-mention'd ; and yet Mrj Guy, Capt. Whitburn, and from them Mr. Debet, a ver; Tai'e Vc- learned Author, fet it out as a Paradife. Without the Laku\ Icrii'thH fit. of Mens Hands, fays Capt. Whitburn, the Earth prodi 4 Si.il barren. n greatPlenty of ^ Strawberries, are there in a Ground is as , intirciy ftlfe, j turers to /^ffje, and Partners, j the Number « Patentees got ii far off for then fVhitkt^rn were be inhabited, b Ws in Truth on habitable WorJc lijh for the Seal wretched for its ter'd hy the Cha no fetried Cover fterofa Ship thj commanded only vcrnor for that S( and it was cuftor Mailers of Ships hopes to be firit Loi^Qs had happer more noble j for t Commander of th thither to defend jForeigners fi/hing ( It feems there wa fore, than m the who got fo much mncc dearly paying here, as to pretend fofar, that they i [Court, to get the- to the Spaniards h] \Ttcht by the Earl "^ri/fo/. That this le Minifters for i« known to every ^^h the Lord Le »fly to Spain, wh cere about to be 'Vjen to the Duke i wajc to the Mi Vhe flijlory of Newfoundland. J? greatPlenty of Green Pectfe and great Store of Hay fpontaneoufly; StraivberrieSy Rafpberries^ Mulberries^ Filberds^ and Cherries are there in abundance ; as alfo Floivers ; and for 6V», the Ground is as apt to bear as the Englifh. All which being intirciy falfe, fliews us that the firft Patentees and Adven- turers to Amerl:a play'd the Cheat to drav/ in Purchafers and Partners, afi our 'jobbers do to raife Stocks and increafe the Number of Bubbles; for Ms obvious that moft of the Patentees got in only to fell out ; but the Market was too far off for them to make a Hand of it. Mr. Guy and Capt. IVhitk^irn were, as we may perceive, willing the Iflandftiould be inhabited, by the fair Defcription they gave of it ; for 'tis in Truth one of the moil: uncomfortable Places in the habitable World. As it is fcarcc tolerable to the Eng" lijh for the Seafons, fo it is, or at lead it waK, no lefs wretched for its Government, which I fuppofe is little bet- ter'd by the Change of the Seat of it. There ufually was a^y„„r„f„ti no fettled Governor, but in time of Peace the firft Ma- iler of a Ship that arrived there in Fiftiing Seafon, tho* he commanded only a Hark of 30 or 4.0 Tons, was chief Go- vernor for that Seafon, by the Stile oi Lord of the Harbour'^ and it was cuftomary fo long ago as PFh'ttburn^& Time, for Mailers of Ships to hurry away too early in the Year in j hopes to be firft at the Fifliery, by which he fays great iLolTes had happen'd. In time of War the Government was more noble ; for then it was lodged in the Commanders or Commander of the Squadron of Men of War, who was fent thither to defend the Fifl)ers of our Nation^ and to prevent Foreigners fifhing there,which was always in their Inflrudions. It feems there was no more Care taken of that Fifliery be- fore, than in the Utrecht Treaty; and that the Spaniards ^ who got fo much by that Treaty, that we have been ever * Ifmcc dearly paying for it, made fo bold with the Filh-Trade Ihere, as to pretend to a Right to it; in which they went ^ Ifo far, that they fent one Gillingham an Irijh Papiji to our nia'ds^p*- ICourt, to get the Liberty of Filhing at Newfoundland yielded und to tht Ito the Spaniards by the Treaty which was managing at £/- ^P^'^^' yecht by the Earl of Strafford and Dr, Rob'mfon Bilhop of YiJIol. That this Gillingham was far from being fnubb'd by Minifters for coming about fuch an impudent Bufinefs ks known to every one that knows any thing of tiie Matter : fay, the Lord Lexington^ who had not refufed the Em- |)a{ry to Spain, when that Monarchy and the JVeJi- Indies vere about to be ravifli'd from the Houfe of Aujiria and [iven to the Duke of Anjouy thought this IriJh Papift was io velcome to the Mioiftry, that, in his Letter to the Lord C Dartmouthy W. i% r'T^e .'i 1', • ^.''l/ t .' i8 The Hijlory o/Newfouniknd. '.I '1 l.fi: \l \l l! Darimcutb, then one of the Secretaries of State, he fre. quently excufes himfelf for not writing upon that SubjeiJ^ ' becaufe they had full Accounts of the Matter from Mr! Gillingham. Nay, the Queen's Plenipotentiaries above-nicn- tioned went fo far, as to fuffer a Claufe to be infcrted at the End of the i^th Article of the Peace with Spahiy whereby, to ufc the Words of the Report of the Secret Committe: they gave a Pretence to the Spaniards to claim a Right tj fij}; at Newfoundland, contrary to the yth and %th Article cf the Treaty mad with that Crown by Sir William Godolphin. The Board of Trade being confulted in this Matter, made the following Anfwer to Lord DarL.iouthy dated January ij, f*»7ut""h''7**'''' ^^ ^^^* con/tdered the Extra£i of a Memorial Htuideu^ ^ffom the Mar qui i de Monteleone, relating to a Claim of tk Inhabitants of Guipufcoa, to jijh on the Coaji of Newfound- land ; and thereupon take Leave to inform your Lordfhip^ that we have dijcourfed withfuch Per font as are able to give us In- formation tn that Matter^ and we find that fome Spaniards au come hither with Pajfes from her Majejiy^ and others maj have fijhed there privately j but never any that we can learn dldia it as of Right belonging to them. W e fee by this, that even before the Cbnclufion of that French Peace the Queen's Partes had been given to the Spaniards, to take the Benefit of the moft profitable Branch of the Englijh Commerce. I thought it was better to put thefe things together, tho' they are antedated, that the Light in which they fland might be theilronger^ the Spaniards have not carried their Point in it, and by the 4th Article of the Treaty Mr. Dodington made in December^ 'T^Sj fo^ic of the GrounJ loft to them by the Utrecht Peace, was recovered, and all Innovations made in Trade were to be abolifh'd j the moli fcandalous of which was their filhing at Newfoundland. To return to the Subjef);, which has been interrupted by this. If there came two or three Men of War, the eldel Captain was Governor of the Land, as well as Admiral ai Sea : If but a (ingle Man of War, the Cotnmander had thai honourable Oifice; and in the Abfence of the Captains ol the Men of War, and of the Lord of the Harbour^ thi Commander of the Land Forces in the Fort of St. John) Town was Governor by his Place, and both the one and thi other were Lord Chancellors, and decided arbitrarily in Cafes. There is no need of much Law, for the Inhabitaoi have not much Land, and no Money. They truck witi one another for what they want and have ; and Breaches the Peace, and taking away a Man's Goods without givin{ Truck, dealing of Nets and Filhing-Tacklc, and TrefpafTe on Stages, are vcrnor for the ti The Govcrnc Criminal, whatc tence was definii every one in av ktecrs; and as Lazu and Lawyer ieaft Inconvenicf fern in Chains to him, which is c: his Trial at the ( gain; fuch was th domy about 30 ^ As for the Pro( ire the moft rema \o{ Norway^ but J lif they can catch themfdves with Sp big here as any wh ibound in this If] 'oxes, Squirrels, \ 'Jcnty of Food, Pi nt every Body gc liraoft full of it; I "'q/itry, Salmon, ifinite Number ;ery broad, nor loi Springs of good Wj let Vvirh every whc renicnce in th;; Col [raws fuch Numbei ''is indeed one of fe confefs'd fo to b< ^ed by the Engllj 'rm/j Opportunitie; lemfdves in this Ii the Trade of tha 'afts • for thofe of , the Coafts of Con Befides the great Pi pFiHiery, the Sean re< i the Shipping it .^ noiefsthan^ or 4c th the Charge only ids, fliajl bring tc Tlx Hiflory »/" Newfoundland. '9 efpaffi on Stages, are the main Caufcs that come l)efore the Go- vernor for the time being. The Governor here for the time being fummoned the Criminal, whatever be the Crime, before him, and his Sen- tence was definitive. If it was the Land Officer, he kept every one in awe, by threatning them with a File of Muf- ](etccrs; and as much as they were, and ftill arc, without Law and Laivyersy the Want of them was and is one of their Icaft Inconvenicncics. If a Man commits Murder, he is c^phai fent in Chains to tingland^ and unlefs Witnefles are feiit with ^'t"/'' "»« him, which is expenfive, and not always pofTible, he takes '"'^ *'^' his Trial at the Old Baily^ is acquitted, and goes home a- gain i fuch was the Cafe of a Pcrfon who was accufed of So- domy about 30 Years ago. As for the Produd of this Country, Fir and Spruce-trees produa» are the mod remarkable. They are as fit for Mads as thofe of Norway j but People go to Newfoundland for Cod, and if they can catch that, there is no great need of troubling themfclves with Spruce or Fir. Lime and Birch-trees are as here as any where ^ and almoft all forts of Timber-trees [bound in this Ifland. As for .'^uadrupedesy Deer, Hares, ^/Mr* oxes, Squirrels, Wolves, Bears, Beavers and Otters afford lenty of Food, Pleafure and Traffick ; but Fifli is the thing tat every Body goes thither for : The Sea, on this Coafl is ilraoft full of it; as Cod, the Staple Commodity of the fijf, ""ou^try, Salmon, Herrings, Mackarel, Flounders, and an finite Number of Trouts in the Rivers, which are not ery broad, nor long^ but there is enough of them, and of Iprings of good Water. Fowl for Food and Game is to be let Vvith every where of all Sorts, and is the greateft Con- renicnce in thw- Country. But the Trade is the Magnet which bws fuch Numbers of Voyagers and Adventurers after ir. is indeed one of the mod beneficial in all Commerce ; lis confefs'd fo to be, and yet it has been mifcrably neg- :ed by the Engl'ijh^ who, thereby, not only gave the mch Opportunities to fall into it, but to fettle and fortify lerafdves in this Wand ; by which Means they rivaJl'd us the Trade of that Fijl^ which was caught on our own lafts ; for thofe of Newfoundland are as properly fo call'd the Coafts of Cornwal. Bcfides the great Profit which particular Merchants make by |i$ Fifliery, the Seamen it breeds, thcTradefmen it maintains, the Shipping it requires, the Increafe of the National Stock [nolefs than 3 or 400000/. yearly; for a Ship of 100 Tonj), ith the Charge only of Victuals and FiHiirig-tackle for 20 ids, lliall bring to Market, in Portugal^ Spainy or Italy, C2 3000/, . ! ^: ' ''.(■ . : y.r i S- 1/;>1 k,> I"i V ^^fF^. I 't«j •lii % 20 77;^ J///?(?ry o/ Newfoundland. 3000/. worth of Fifh, and clear at Icaft 2000/. to the Proprietors, and confcqucntly encrcafcs the publick with private Stock. Tht Banki. Tho' our Filhers fcldom fifli on the Banks, but off the Harbours in Sloops, yet the Gnat Bank and the others arc fo much talk'd of, that 'twill be cxpcded we fliould lay fomething of them. Thefe Banks are vaft Shoals of Sandi lying along in the Ocean, at feveral Diftances from the Shore. The Gi eat Bank is about ao Leagues from Cape de koz^ the nearefl Point of Land to it. It is 300 Miles long, and 75 broad i the Sea that runs over it is, when 'tis Flood, feveral Fathom deep, and the largeft Ships may venture upon it without fear of ftriking, except at a Place called the f^irgim, I where 'tis thought feveral Ships have been caft away; for many pafling near them have never been heard of. The next Bank is f^ert Bank^ about 240 Miles long, and 120I Miles over, where 'tis broadcll. Then Banquero Bank ly. ing in the Shape of a Shoe, about the Bigneis of the other, Then the Shoals of Sand-IJland, Whalt-Bank, the Shoalil of Acadia y and the Bank of the Ifland of 5/. Ptterh BiA Off the latter, now or lately almoft wholly frequented by the French^ and on the Coafts there have been 6 or 700I Sail of Ships fifhing at a Time. Round the Grtat Ban]t\ which is cover'd when the Sea is high, and dry in fomcl Places at ebb, there are 200 Fathom Water on all Sides ofitf and about it lie feveral fmall IJJandsy call'd Los Buchahosy M Ifles of Cod-Fifh, from the prodigious Quantity of Cod there] The Firtiing Seafon is from Spring to September ; the 2cil of Auguji^ fome Years ago, ufed to be the laft Day of the SeaJ ion, and kept as a Holiday ; but lately the Fiiliers (iaj longer : And whereas before they ufed to fail for Portugal anl the Streights in September^ they now feldom fail till OSloh^ They fiih always in the Day-time, the Cod not biting Night. Train-Oil is drawn off the Livers of the Fill which are thrown up in Heaps when the Cod is cured ; an from thence is drawn all the OH which comes from A'a foundland. There are two Sorts of Trade in this Navigation j t| one, and I believe the more profitable, confidering the Rij is lefs, is that driven by the Fifliers themfelves, who ocf vidlual and man their Ships at Biddiford^ Pool, Dartmoui and other Weftern Ports chiefly, and go away early to fij having the Hands and the Ships neceflary. The other when the Maflers fail directly to the Land to purchafe goes of Fifli of the above-mentioned Fifliers, or the InhabitaJ ofF their Stages. Almoflr all thefe Inhabitants, Mafters Families in whole, or in Partnerfliip for filbing and Fifli | re The Hiflory 0/ Newfoundland. 21 ready to traflRck with thefcTrader5,who purchafe their Cargoes with Bills of Exchange at two Months Date, of the Pay- nicnt of which, great Care is taken ; and they fcldom are protcftcd, but they have been fometimes, to my Knowledge, and to my Lofs too. The Cod that is (hipp'd for Grtat Britain and Ireland is inconfiderable to what is fcnt to Portugal, Spain and Ita/y ; fome Fifli is (hipp'd for Barbadcti and the iiugar Klands. Ic will be expedtcd we fhould fay fomcthing of the In- indiani, dims of this Illandj but there is little to be faid of them different from the Indians of other Parts of America. I can- not imagine how thefe or any other Americans came to be call'd /»dia>ts^ or their Countries the ff^eji Indies. The Peo- ple of Eaftern AJia had that Name from the River Indus, and Chance or Whimfy only could give it to the Inhabitants of another World, as Columbus's was deem'd and terii;'d. The Indians, or Natives, when the Europeans firft wrote of them, were the chief Subjedt of their Writings ; but no'v their Countries are fo much frequented, their Cuftoms and Man- ners, efpccially of the Borderers on Englijh, French and o- thcr Colonies from Europe,(o well known, that an Account of them has nothing in it fo marvellous and rare as to center 4 the Curiofity of th6 better fort of Readers : I fliall therefo *. —only infert what I faid of them in my firfl: Edition. The J^^' ^"flNatives of this Ifland don't correfpond much with the Eng^ id thcteB;;^ . Ij^j jj^g French have had fome Dealings with them from anada. They fay they are a tra(5table People ; and the Eng' I, who have dealt with them, fay. the fame. They painc —hcmfelves, and are clothed with Stags-Skins, all their Cloth* n S"S bc'"g *" Apron of it round their Waifts ; which is the O^wflH^Q^g remarkable, becaufe other Parts of their Bodies were as 'enfible of Cold as their Waifts ; and as to their Modefty, I tnfatisfied there was no Diftindlion amongft thiT^ in Drefs, ither as to Modefty or Immodefty, till the £«> v/ ^ns taughc It them ; and whether they got any thing by exchanging their ative Simplicity and Ignorance for European Breeches and etticoats, may be very well doubted. Thsy are of fmall tature, broad faced and breafted, thei^- Joints well knit and heir Limbs ftrong, as were, doubtlefs, our Forefathers the Yitons, when they knew no more, nor cared for no more lan the Indians, They had no Beards. This, in New-' ngland, was owing to a Cuftom, or rather Law, that the leaner fort (hould thereby be diftinguiihed from the greater, hey were crafty, great Pilferers, dextrous at making Ca« and Kettles ; but we are not told of what Metal, e Indians in the Carihbct Iflands made a (brt of Earthen C I Poti ^ting le Fid [ed*, ImA'fl ''1 i ,;^' iH '■: ij. ii :4\ I . : 1^ , 22 Tibe Hifiory o/' Newfoundland. iHj! I Pots that would bear the Fire j but I no-where find that the Indians of North America had the ufe of Iron, and much lefs of Copper or Brafs Utenfils, before the Europeans brought it araongft them. The ancient Writers tell us they belitve in a God ( I am afraid they are rather Poets than Hiftorians) which created all things^ and Men and Womeny by taking a Numher nf Arrows and Jlicking them in the Ground^ from whence thtj jpring up. One of their Segamores being ask'd what hj thought of our Religion and the Trinity (the laft a very foolilli Que^ion to be put to one that had not been prepared to receive it by Revelation) anfwered, accoruing to the Hiftory i which I very much fufpeit. There is one God, one Son^ ent Mother and the Sun, which are four; yet God is above all. A I much wifer Anfwer than I believe the Man that queftioned him could have made to a Point of lefs Difficulty. The Voyagers add, Some of them converfe vifibly with the Dm\ and from the Devil received Advice concerning their Wan and other Matters. This is certainly as true as the reft con. cerning their Religion. The Europeans carried this fame Devil along with them to America, where he was never heard of before, and whatever they think fit they make the IndkA do with them. Their young Women, at fifteen, lie with as I many Men as they plcafe for ^ ox 6 Years, then each of| them choofes one for a Husband, and is afterwards very con- ftant to him. They fet their Dead in the Ground upright,! with their Goods and Provifions as for a long Journey. Theyl are great Dancers and Singers, and in their Dances the Wo-I men often throw away the little Covering they have, andl frisk about naked, perhaps without committing any Part off ' the Offence in the Aftion which the Europeans do even the Ideas of it. The Hiftorical Events of this Ifland, from Sir Dm\\ Kirk^s coming thither to the firft French War, are too triviii to remember, confifting only of common Accidents in LifJ TheEnf,\\!h among FiHiers and their Traffick. After the Revolution^ pTcT £*"" ^^® breaking out of theWar,the Englijh and French there, as we as elfcwhere, fell upon one another as often as they had an Op portunity of doing it with Advantage : The Englijh began firi and with three Men of War, the St. Albans, a third Ratec 66 Guns, the Commadore's Ship, attacked Placentia ; but weij fo warmly received by the French, that they were forced retreat, making a very idle £xcufe for it, that they did nij think the Enemy had been fb well prepared to receive the The Utter were much more fuccefsful in their Attempts i the Englijh ; for in the Year 1^96, a Squadron of thd Men of War, the Pelican, the DiamnJf taken from tH En^tiji 23 Fr-Tch the 'By TheHtJlory o/' Newfoundland, En^l'tjh, the Count de 'Thouloujey the Harcourt^ the Philip^ the Vendange and Tome Firefliips, came up with the Saphirg Frigar, Capt. CUashy, off Cape Spear^ and gave her Chace ; but Ihe got into the Bay of BuUs^ where Cieathy did all he could to fortify the Place in the little Time he had for it : The Englijh who liv'd in the Harbour came to his Affiftance,2re' but at the Approach of the French they all ran away, and'ig^jj^ cou'd not have done much good by ftaying, the Enemy being near ten to one. On the nth of Sept.iht whole French Squadron came down upon the Saphire^ and fir*d with the utmolt Fury. Capt. Cleasby made a brave Defence for two Hours, and brought moft of his Ships Guns to bear on the iide next the French-^ who at the fame Time made aDefcenr, and drove the EngUJ)) who were there into the Woods; they then fir'd on t'-e Saphires Men from Shore, as well as from the Ships, and it was in vain iox Cleasby lo think of maintain- ing his Ship any longer, fo he fet her on Fire, and with his Officers and 35 of his Crew, followed his Countrymen into the Woods. When the Sapbire was on Fire, 4.0 French came on board, endeavouring to extinguifli it, but were all blown up into the Air, as foon as the P'ire reach'd the Powder Room. A 100 more of the Saphire's Crew made the beft of their way towards Ferryland, but were interrupted and taken by the Enemy. Capt. Cleasby and his Company reach'd that \ Harbour J where he and they did their utraoft to defend that ISettlernent againft the French, who came and attacked it ifami.* Ithey landed 600 Men, who approached within Mulker Shot hi the Englijhy very refolutely, and the Englijh fir* A upon them- Iwith equal Refolution, which oblig'd them to halt. The Xprench return'd their Fire, and fent a Trumpet to fummon |them to furrender. Capt. Cleasby, feeing *twas impoffible for him to repell fo many Men with fo few, came to a Treaty tad delivered up the Place, which was not tenable. Himfelf,^'^'^ '"*' "'" liis Lieutenant, and bis 35 Men were made Prifoners of War, id fent to France, from whence they return'd to England by Exchange. The French deftroy'd that and all the EngHJh Settlements, except St. John's, Bonavi/i, and Carboneer Har- pours. King IVilliam being inform'd what Damage the;- had done lore, and how they interrupted their Fiihery on the Coaft, |)rder'd a Squadron of Men of War to be equip'd, and com- nanded by Admiral Nevel^ and 15 00 Men were put on board bder the Command of Sir John Gib/on, Lieutenant-Gover- p of Portfmuth. Admiral Nevil^ fail'd the following Year, le^-, nd arriving at Newfoundland, the French immediately aban- on'ri all the Places they had taken from the Englijh. Monf. C 4. Ponti jit Fftry- m.. i W. ■i • H!s 1, Mil -t;:'' ,. \,.:;tj : m4 ■ ■( -, 34 77'^ /7//?(?r)' o/' Newfoundland. Panti was at the fame time on that Coaft, with a Squadron of French Men of War, and Admiral Nevel, (ell in with him, but loft him in a Fog : It does not read well at all. This Expedition was generally thought to be in ill Hands. Gib/on was a Soldier, but nothing clfej and Nevil was not fo dili- gent as was requilite, to have to do with fuch an adive, vigi^ Jant Enemy as Ponti. Sir John Gibfon held a Council of War, and the Sea-Oificers aflfifting at it, 'twas debated whether they fliould purfue Ponti. The latter were for it, but tbi: Land * Officers againft it, Ponti having more Ships than j:^evil. If fo, I do not think Nevil fliou'd have been prefs'd to purfue him. The Marquis de Nefmond having joined Ponii^ there's Reafon to believe they might both together be fuperior to Nevil in Number of Ships, and we fee by this, the laudable Care the French Court took of their Trade. The French ap. pear'd off of St. Johns with 15 Men of War, and Nevil had but 12 Ships of lefs Force in the Bay, but the French did not think fit to attack them in the Harbour j and upon their re- treating, Gib/on put his Sodicrs afliore, where he built a re- llj ij gular Fort, which he call'd Fort JVilliamy and then reim- birk'd his Men and return'd to England, leaving Lieutenant- Colonel Handaftde Commander there, with a Garrifon of 80 Men. The Englijh have made fuch forry Work of their American Enterprizes, that one is aOiam'd to report it, and ii there (hould ever be occafion for another, it will be 1 hope better concerted, or better executed than any of them hath hitherto been, except only the Squadron that lately block'd up the Spanijh Plate Fleet in their Port, the Concert and | Execution being in that equally wife and happy. Tho' the Peace of Ryfwick had put an End to theHofti-l lities between the Englijh and French^ yet King WilJtml judg'd it neceflary to fend another Squadron of Men of War) ^sT'jXn ^"^ Newfoundland^ to fee every thing in good Order. 1 Norru%"rtf. Captain A'tfrm, the Admiral now living, and fcrving his Country, had the Command of that Squadron, and a Com*| Z699. miilion to be Governor at Land alfo; and foir the Encourage- menrof this very beneficial Trade, an dGt of Parliament paft| about the fame Time, That no Alien or Stranger whatfo- every not reading within the Kingdom ^England, Dominion ofi Wales, or Town of Berwick upon Tweed, Jhall at any timt hereafter take Boat or ufe any Sort of Trade or Fijhing whatA foever in Newfoundland, or in any oftheljlands adjacent^ whicn The -///*«»' excluded the French from Cape Breton-Ifle as well as the reftJ K Enr "" Mr. Harley, and Mr. St. John, advifcd the Queen to givJ liA. ic up CO the Common Enemy, and that too for the vai Frmi I'he Hi ft or ^ (5/*Newfoundland. 2j^ \fy(fich Commerce, which as the Report fays, the Parliament VejffJed ivith great Iridigmiion. Col. Handafide going for England^ Capt. William L{lburn^''Pf- yf'^^'- fiicceeded him here, in ihe Command of Fort JViUiam, but cTwrln "* i'l'nere being Peace with France, few Events worthy the Rea- cr's Curiofity happen'd in this Country; where the Fifliery ot being diilurb'd, new Inhabitants came every Year, info- The PeopU jch that the People doubled in 3 Years Time. douHed. The next Year 1 700, Sir jindrew Lake arrived there with nother Squadron of Men of War ; King William, notwith- andinjz; it was a peaceable time, thinking the Newfound/and radc of fo much Importance, that it was worth the v/hile to e at the yearly Charge of a Squadron to defend it. This . ear Capr. Lilburn relign'd the Command of the Garrifon ^"P'- f^"™- n Fort William, to Capt. Humphry Haven, who did not en- gZ^hTt^"' oy it long, for in the enfuing Year, Cape. John Powel was^^^,. john ade Governor of the Fort j he was fucceeded the next Powel, g«- ear by Col. Michael Richards, who being a fkillful Ingineer, *'"'"•'■• ade feveral Improvements at the Fort, added other Works, ^[ch'^rJj'''* nd io ftrengthen'd it, that *tis a very regular Fortification, Governor! ,nd one of the ftrongert: in America. Anew War with France commencing in 1702, the French nd Bnglijh went very eaJy into it in thefe Parts of the World. ir John Leake, arriving here with a Squadron of Men of War, eftroy'd % French Men of War, and 30 Merchantmen, in the ay of St. Peter's, and attacked and raz'd the Fort. Col. Rj- c^pt. Unyi^ hrdi returning to England^Czpt. Lloyd was made Governor ^''^"'""■* f Fort William. The next Year, 1 705, was fatal to the Eng- the French entered St. John^s Town, and laid Siege the Fort with 1000 Men ; the Engiijh, it is faid, ade a vigorous Defence for five Weeks, and then the Ene- ,y left the Place, after having burnt raoft of the Houfes and leftroyed all the Firtiing Stages. They carry 'd away with on m, his yin ill- igi- ^ar, hey and If rfuc ere's )r to lable 7 ap. /had dnot r re- a re- reim- nant- of8o their :, and . hope 1 hathl ock'dl rt and ] Hofti-| ^il]\3m\ fWarl >fder. ig hisPiem half the Inhabitants, efpecially all the Youth they could Com- [urage- it ■^■iSMtmch Service ; and fome were kept in Servitude at ^ebec, ;Ad//fl-Bifter this Deflrudiion at St. John*s-Town, the Englijh that |»{off 0«inain'd there built their Houfes round the Fort, under the \y ^r'fflAommand of the Cannon, for fear of another Infulc from the wAaZ-Bnemy. V/ithin the Palifadoes drawn round this new Town iwhichfteyalfobuilta Church, whofe Minifler was lately Mr. John \t xf&Tmiifin. But fmce the Englijh have been in PofTefTion of jto ^^mkcmtia, all thefe Precautions are uow of little or no ufe here. Ic sGM^lacentia, tho' no large Town, is much larger than ever pij^^ntii, l/rf»t# 7fl^«*g was, or was like to be. \Vbcn the FuriQh had ic, ther« a;ht on. Thofe they fent to France^ came to England by xchange ; others, for want of being exchang'd, entcr'd the •I f'r:% ^1. 26 The Iltflory of Newfoundland. rt ,u IM !-M- m I I ■i t i ' there were a Governor and a Lieutenant-Governor, a Major 5 Captains, and Subaltern Officers, 3 Companies of Soldi, ers, Gunner, 1 Bombardier, 3 Serjeants, 10 Mafons, and other Artificers, 500 fighting Men, belides 300 Indians and Canadians 'y but the Englijh have nothing like it. The French came hither no more after this Defcent at S[. yohn's'Town^ and they have now no Settlements in this Ifland but they have Cape Breton-IJle, and all the Coafts of this and the other adjacent Illes, for the ufe of their Fiiliery, to dry their Fifties on Stages. TheCtfponef The Cci.iOn of the French Part of Newfoundland to th: riacentia, Englijh W'lf, ws in the Queen's Speech to the Parliament, an ^^(itTln -A^^^^^s ^' ^^'^ Utrecht Peace. Her Majefly's Words, f/;J Tngl'ifh French confent to deliver up Newfoundland and Placentia-^ but Mimjltn. the Secret Committee obCsTVCj it mujl he remember' d that in ihi\ Preliminaries, ^j'«V in Sept. the French had refer vd to thm- /elves a Liberty of taking and drying Fiflj in Newfoundland, I A grofs Impofition this on the Englijh Nation. Whatufc can the French have for Newfoundland, but to take and dry their Fifli ? Canada^ the greateft Colony they have any where, is within half a Day's Sail oi Newfoundlandy Cape Breton-Ijh, almoft joining to it, and the Coaft of Newfoundland, chiefly for their Purpofe to interrupt or interfere with our Fiiliery. They do not want Placentia, being fo ftrong as they are on| the adjacent Continent, and it is afmall Strength or Conve- nience to the Englijh, who have fo near them the mainl Strength of the French in America. Fiftiing Harbours wehadi enough before, and do ilill make ufe of them, and thofe Har-j hours were fecure enough in time of Peace. They have not J by the Utrecht Peace, got one Coafl nor one Stage from the! French Fiftiing, but have abfolutely given up our Right tothel moft: commodious Place for us to fifti at in all that Part ofl the World ; a Place that almoft joins io New-Scotland, whicb is contiguous with A/ifw-£«^/(?»<^; a Place that intercepts the! Communication between Newfoundland and the neighbour] ing Colonies, and covers the French Colonies and Fiftieriesj if ever there ftiould be occafion to attack them. Upon thJ whole, let the Value of i;hac Ceffion, Capt Breton-Ijle, aban] don'd by us to the French, and that of taking and drying Fillf in Newfoundland, which in ftiort is the Newfoundland Trad^ be fairly weigh'd againft the Advantages of our having T £entia, it will prefentlv be feen that the latter is a Feathc in the Scale againft Gold; and let it be caft up how niuci the garrifoning and governing that Place, and its Appurtef nances, have coft the £«^/^ in 30 Years, without a Penny! worth of real Service in all that Time, or ever like to be, if 4 C* ^'M,^^^ ,<"«*' ne Hiftory of Newfoundland. Cafe of a Rupture with the French^ who are no where fo ftrong in America^ as within almoft Sight of Placentia, and it will be found how rightly the French Court judg'd for their Intereft, when they rejedted all Propofals made by the Duke oi Shrewsbury, the Queen's Ambaflador, for having Juftice done the Englijhy in the Articles of taking and drying Fifh I in Newfoundland, and the delivering up Cape Breton-Ijle to the French. Both which they infifted upon keeping, and the Duke made no more Words about it. Thus was this Trade, originally and rightfully our own, cftablilh'd by a Pofleffion of above loo Years, render'd in a manner precarious to the right Owners, and fecur*d, with greater Advantages than ever Iweourfelves enjoy'd, to Intruders. I find Col. Moody made Governor of Placentia, in 171^, land Col. Gledhi/I in 1719,' of whofe Management, having I fnall Information, I can add no more to this Article. 27 ■r»w^ 4;.i THE ''■'■' ■■■'ill ' ¥ ■ j-'A 'ib 2i3 I^WMB«'««^^ " •n'*^ -'1 J' THE HISTORY O F N E W S C r L A N D. hi k it( ,1 f . From its Discovery to the prefent Times. OF J' Scotia, or NewScotlandf h the Eaftcmj Part of the Northern Continent of Amerka\ bordering on New-Hmnpj'hire^ the Eaftern Par:! of New-England, It was called Nova-Scotia^ hn .Sir IVilltam Alexander, Scotch Secretary to King James thel Firft, who was created Ear\ of Sterling. 'Tis an Idle Prc{ tence of the French, that one John V^razzan^ a Floreniw). emplby'd by Francis the Ift, their King, difcover'd not on'J this Coaftj but all the Continent of America, from Canakl to Carolina', for befides that, if any, he made no morefucif Difcoyery of thofe Coafts, than a Man may do by failing of! of rfiem. Sebajlian Caboty cmploy'd by King Henry thj Vllthof England, had not only been in thefe Parts long be] fore this pretended Difcovery of Ferazzan, but in Proof o| it, had brought home with him two or three of the Natives] There's but a melancholy Account of this Florentine; whol 'tis faid, landing in this Country, call'd Acadia by the Frmm was murder'd, and fome fay eaten by the Savages. Thl Englijh always took Acadia to be part of North-Virginia^ ii ftU the Continent of America, from Cape-Henry^ Northwarij as far as was known, went by the General Name of Firginiai firft, and divided into feparate Settlements, was only, accor(j ing to the Situation, cali'd South, or 'Noriti'Firginia, nt ma. T^^ Hz/?(?ry of New- Scotland. The Bounds of this Province are the Ocean to the North^ Cipe- Breton- I/l^nd^ and the Bay of St. Laurence to the Eajl^ C inada to the tVeJi^ and New-England ro the South, k lies froTi 43 to 5 1 Deg. N. Lat. and from the River St. Croix^ th; neareft lo Nevj-Hamtjhlrey to the great River of St. Lau- rtnce, has almoft 600 Miles ofCoaft, but moft of it uninha- bited and defert, the Indians themfelves making little or noufeofit. That it was from the beginning of Difcoveries and Settlements on this Continent, look'd upon as Part of Cahi'ti Acquifitions for the Crown of England, and Part of the Virginia Patent, which included all the Northern Continent beyond Florida, appears by Sir Samuel Jrgal's Expedition j where this Gentleman then Governor of ^r- I ^inia, made a fort of cruifing Voyage on the Coaft North- ward, as far as Cape Cod, in Neiu-England, in the Year 16 18, five or fix Years before the Englijh, who intended to fettle, I arriv'd in that Country. The Indians inform'd him that fomc White Men, like himfelf, were come to inhabit to the North- vvard of them. Sir Samuel /Irgal, who took all that Country as far as it had been difcover'd by Cahot, to belong to the m^r^/Wa Company, his Employers, made towards the Place and found a Settlement, and a Ship riding before it, which belong'd to forae Frenchmen. Argal drew fo clofe to it, that with his fmall Arms he beat all the Men from the Deck, fo that they cou'd not ufe their Guns, their Ship having but one peck. Among others, there were two Jefuits aboard, one lof which being more bold than wife, cndeavour'd to fire one lof their Cannon, and was (hot. Argal having taken the Ship llandedhis Men,march'd to, and fummoned the Fort to furren- Ider j the French ask'd time to confider of it, which was deny*d, lupon which they got privately away, and fled into the Woods. iThe Englijh enter'd it and lodg'd there that Night, and the Inext Day the French came in and yielded to Sir Samuel Argal^ Icancelling the Patents that had been granted them for their ISettlement by the French King. The Kings of Europe it Ifeems look on every Country as their own, which any 06 heir Subjects fet Foot upon iji America', as if none but Europeans cou'd have Property either to Land or Seas, if Ithey thought fit to turn the Owners out of them. Sir Samuel ifuffer'd fuch of the French as were fo difpos'd to take Faf- for Europe in the Fifliing Ships, and took the reft with him to Virginia, according to their Choice. The French had mother Settlement, at a Place they call'd Port- Royal, on a ay on the South Weft Coaft of Acadia ; which the two Jefuits had left out of pique to their Governor, Monf. Bicn" pKr/^and with chefe/r#»<-Wnfeparated from the others. Fa- ther 29 m • m a> w iiHiM i ■i 30 The Hlflory of New- Scotland. \\ 1 , i«f »^^^ ther Biard^ the furviving Jefuir, out of Malice to Btencoun^ ^ inform'd Sir Samuel Argal of the Settlement at Port-Royal^ and the eafe with which he might reduce it; which, upon Ex. perience, he found to be true, and on the Surrender of the French^ he did no Damage to their Houfes, their Barns and MiUs, fuch as they were, but oblig'd them to quit the Country. They had fow'd and reaped, and thofc of them that did not care to return liome, remov'd to the River of Sr. LaurenctyWhere now if? the Capital of American Francf. Iknoiv not whether thefe Acadian French were not the firfl Settlers of that now formidable Colony, formidable in Barrcnnels, Froft and Snow ; thanks perhaps to the want of Manage. ment of the Englijhy who poffefs the warmer, the more plea- fant, and fruitful Clime. My Author fays, Argal retum'd to Virginia y fatisfy'd with the Plunder he got in thefc two Settlements ; if io^ I fufpe, hext Year after, S Lve been there k^ \\it Writer adds, » lot how, nor why, 1 that of the Mari pivf, called Cans \t South-fide^ cair \r William Alexa livs did not enou^ V King Charles \ pm, when he adde '. French had pojje/i ihlickly he had give attempted to recove lis the Utrecht PJe len, or Means how Yzoi England, b. wlution made an mmerce which w< [What the Memori iv-Scotland, but C ''A He affirms rant. See what h fi-'li of the River m^, who was be Hjc Hiftory of New-Scotland. Harbour, 36 Miles farther, they found the Country ft ill the fame, fruitful and beautiful : The Rivers were ftor'd with Coti, and other FiHi, great and fmali: But that iignificd lit- tle without the Charms of the Fields and Hills, there being itiore than Fifti enough in the neighbouring Sea to furnifli the whole World. There was Plenty of Fowl at Land, as Wood- cocks, Pigeons, Blackbirds, Wild-Geefc, Herons : And Tim- ber Trees of all kinds, ftrong Wood, and fweet Wood. But with all thefe Temptations, the PalVengers would notftay there: And 1 have faid this only tolhew ' jw the Patentees vvent about to abufe People, with the tempting Dclcription of the Countries granted to them in America^ to draw People ill to plant or to purchafe. Whoever drew up the Meroo- jrial for the ufc of ihofe that were employ'd in the Utrecht >eacc err'd egregioully, in faying that this Colony remain'd here fcveral Years, for it made no ftay and rcturn'd the fame r the beginning of next, which was 16^24. And the ^amii Writer owns that Acadia wasdeliver'd up to \.\ie French )y King Charles the Firfl's Treaty of Marriage with Hen- 'ittta Maria of France : But that Treaty being in the very lext Year ufter^ Sir IVilliam Alexander's Colony cou'd not live been there feveral Years as 'tis faid in tliat Memorial, he Writer adds, ive get it again 2 or 5 Yea»'S after; I know ^othow, nor why, having parted with it by lb hopeful a Treaty that of the Marriage aforefaid : And the North-ftde of the vtfy caird Canada, was given to Sir David Kirk, and \t South-Jide, calPd by the French, Acadie, /-// again to William Alexander : The Memorialift in what fol- \ir 3> bws did not enough confidcr, how much the Charader King Charles the Firft wou'd fuffer in point of Wif. cm, when he added farther, though the King^ when hejound ii French had pojfeji thetnjdves of the whole Country^ declared Xblickh he had given away only the FortSy and not the Soil : \attmpttd to rtcffuer it again, butfaiPd: So the Memorialift pis the Utrecht Plenipotentiaries, but names not the Time hen, or Means how he made that Attempt ; and hardly one bgof England^ betvveen Queen Elizabeth's Death and the evolution made any attempt to recover either Countries or Dtnmerce which were taken from the Englifli. (what the Memorialift drives at, is to prove, that not only m-Scotland^ but Canada was the rightful Pofleirion of the C-inrds He affirms that King Charles I. included it in his i^^ly^^ lant. See what he fays: ** In 1627 and 28, the North- Miie of the River calfd Canada Was ^iven to Sir David \lirk^ who was both Proprietor and Governor; -and the South-fidtj . be- to tht M ••v/ m •t- 32 *J', 77je Wftory of New-Scotland. *^ South-fide^ call'd by the Fmvch Acadle^ fell again into ttie I Hands of Sir IVilliam Alexander . In i6\% it wa;j givf^ «c that th« '/'(frr.-/ (janadenfis and tl)c 7((5'*/efook PoiTef wkh the Court of France diverted hira from the Thouj of it at that Time, and they foon after cut his Throat, rid themfelves of him, both at home and abroad : Hy \vl lou'd not be obt \vh\ch he was i )iraffedted, Narurs troubiefom to thi riAjom'd with the tflicioo tounneftlei Purfuant to this anded the F\cqi ■ ^thof April 16 {)o^ Irt. Royal, fitua ted BmrheBay of/V ace, defended with enrion, becaufe 01 olonics enlarge vcr the French to fc f^iniportantonc, •©» N the little Forr M Inhabitants tha 'iegiance to Kins Ttc Hijlory of New-Scotland. 33 ;iycn Jon- tl\o!{| iVIajQi i thq 7;Kinil w'l Ule ill Acqi »cy pill. cquitii I alrss t Frm\ romml It woi to OH f'S ,^«e obferve that the EngliJ}) Puki^an". were not the firfl: Ew \r/>p(H" Chriftians that thought of Hying to the Wilderncfs, to Iclcape the Rage and Cruelty ot pcrlccuting Prelates. De la T^oitr^ beiitg put in Po/- ^lon of his Province, ^'J Thomia fold it to Sir Thomas Temple, who, according to the Memo- ^.f^^r.^' ** jjalill, was Proprietor and Governor, till the Rcltoration: Ijflb, Sir Thomas muft be there in Perfon, and it is the more likely, for that we find he was one of the lk'rjfa6tors to Harvard CoWcgc, \n New- England. The Memorialift adds, foon after which. King Charles deliver'd it up again to the French^ and Canada with ii, where they both relted,r/./w ui>t» •' to the untpeakable lofs and detriment of the Crown, and '^< French, " the Plantations, till Col. Nkholjon lately recover'd the f' former." This Memorialift is ftrangely out in the newcifc 'art of his Hiftory; for long before Nicolfori's being there, )\xlFilltam Phips had driven the French out of Pcrt-Rcyal^as le (hall fee prcfcntly, and the Efiglljh kepr it till the I cacc of l\fwick, when King IVilUam was too much perplexed by f'aclion :it home, to inlift on thofe Advantages abroad, which lou'd not be obtained but by the Continuance of War, which he was fliamefully cramped, and diftreffed by the Hfafifedted, Natural and Artificial. But the French became troublefom to the New-EngliJ)), when they had difciplin'd id join'd with the Indians, that they refolv'd upon an Ex- edition to unneftle them in this Neighbourhood. Puriliant to this Relblution Sir IVtlliam Phips, who com-» sir wi 1 stn mded the Fleet and Forces, fail'd from Ne/w-England the f*''ps. r«.- \i\\o(Jpril 1690, and on the nth of Afay arriv'd before"*^" ''* \iirt-Royal, fituated at the Bottom of a little Bay or Balbn, :hin the Bay of Funda, to the Eaftward. It was but a poor jce, defended with iinglc Palifadoes only, which I the rather »n:ion, becaufe our modern Writers of the IVeJi- India 3lonics enlarge very much on the more than ordinary Care the French to fc^tifie their Settlements ; and this was a [ry itnportant one, confidering how convenient it was for loying the Englijh, or being annoy'd by them j and con- [ering alfo what a flourifliing Trade the French carry'd or; Lumber, Filling, Furrs, and Skins ; infomuch that wiicn hi came thither, there were at leaft 6000 Souls in Acadia, 3ni. Meneval the Governor, being fo ill provided for De- jice againft Broadfides, made a very (hort one, and furren- red on Condition of a fafe Condudt to Canada. Thus the retook Pofleflion of the Town and Country, demo- I'd the little Fort, not worth the Name, fent away the nh Inhabitants that were for removing, and took an Oath legiance to King IVilliam and Qiiccn Mary, of thofe D that m ' m 34 t\ The Wfiory o/' New-Scotland. that ftaid there, which were about a third Part of the whole Number, moll of them Proteftants. An h.ngl'ifh Governor was plac'd over them, and thofe EngliJJi thsJ fettled there af- terwards. Sir lyUUam Phlfts, in his ro^-.^'n towards vVw, England, demolirti'd another Uttle French I v>rt, at St. John'i River, on the South-Iide of Funda Bay, almoft at the En- trance of the Bafon. Thefe were very che;ip Conquefts,but good Bargains for the Engtijhy if good ufe had bctn made of I them. Li Hontan. Baron La ffontan fays, " the Engltjh undcr-fold the I French^ and took luch Meifures, as he fear'd would in lime drive the latter quite out of the Trade." The more re. markable this, becauli? the very Language that forfteofoyr Writers turn uix^n the French, to alarm the £.»;j/j/A, asZij| Hontan endeavoured to alarm the French. We heard lit tie of A^^x'-.SV^r/aW, from Sir IVilUam Phhi\ being there, to Col. Nicho/fon's, in the fecond War wuli Fntnce. That Orticer came before Port-Royal., in the Ycjil 1 710, happily before there was any Rumour in Jnwica u\ a Revolution in the F.ngUJl) Minilters, in favour of FranA The French Qzxx\{q'!\ here was itill in an ill State ofDctcnct,! choragc ail ov Z-and which pj loot, and 01 Ic/s rhc Place, ijctticmcnr, bi rion fo Major have often go Peltries, it is Eniil.'wdj wliic rtw, cannot ha rcaily to confc latter at a gie; great Mcalure. about Neiu-I-f{„ The reducing nor (-III) as Mr. Dtimniiv " Quarter from " out, and fcil which made it of and made not a much better one than Monf. A/?/;<'7;fl/ haiiB very vvell for us tl done, but furrcndered on the fame Co/. Nich 1- cholfon was appointed G'.)vcrnor, and lyn. Conditions. Col. Afj ■ ' Efq; his Dcputyj I hope it will not be thought I injur'd the Minifters, at tli latter end of the Year 1710, by faying they were Frenc':\j[t\ for one of the Pcrfons preferr'd to Employment by them hen and at Newfoundland^ was Boyce.^ accus'd as an Acconi plice with Charnock^ ^'"i? ^"d A't>i, in the AHadinatia Plot. Port- Roy 1I, Jnnapoliiy has not much bcrter'd its Condition by chand ing its Name. It is yet but a fmall Town, with a few HoJ {cSy two Stories high, and that high enough, unlcfj the C| mate was milder, and tlie Inhabitants better able to fiirnij them. There is a precty good Traffick for Lumber, Fill and Furrs • the Furrs arc brought to them by the Savages wij arc even to this Day content to take Goods for them, wliij tht Eurojcims can very Avell fpare. Modern Writers huvij hctle elfe to fay in Praile of this Place, extoll the Baton out .Edge of which it ftands. It is two Leagues long, and 1 broad, capable of receiving 1000 Sail of Ships, but the! c.iH'd Anna pull as there was Rcafc Treaty were in tc bad tiiey deny'd tlil felHon. Col. ; after its Rcdun and all the FiOiing Harbours in America^ hut between Canada and Europe. 'Tis eafy to be explained if it was proper j but Cape Breion-I/Ie is loft to us. ) r^ I T Hi t' ■' 'l^— <»BWii««i n i' iiiw m " %t f **9i>tm.m¥' V im Mm^ * » -. f*^* >■* 't*. -■>.. .«-> v-«« !♦■ —19. 1 .. ii :r- } I ] *■ '*^A.; 7a^-v:vl.. ,.^ I ^'v T,: ^' « I t K > It. lyii ^4* ?-,'.' 1^ < 1 Gof- «:■.•-■? J, »*.».■•* '» >■»»».■ >.^>< n -< ,'.■<•.» "U ^ c CfhtrUjTrdum, t. Jiorctu^ftxr f Jttiltott a- jintinirc h. tl'eytnou.th i. i^u^^rifM, tn. CM%4>n'tcti^ n.£lizaS€iA T. p ..^BA/ica^,rt4f*y a.J?^rth Cittv 7 % t r . iHatan J^utna J . Old, Tvmm,*. • s'^\ _j^j \ ji:t)^^^, iv^ 1 f ^Mc.^trehu. Jiftutwan ^k^PJttntttnA ^-^ Bjly ^^ \^^^ and^rown. -T | 'H /1^£ ^ [From its Difc ing out of Contali inn THO lefs, Aurpi( L /I °'' ^^' pft Southern Cc found irj and tho (/(^/and B-ir/ctv, hi had been afliore yet nothing br Trade, tijj the file Year 1602. Nfiderable Stay PaflTengers, who f< settlement, if they pey carrying with . pOrowthin theS f^e Latitude of mg the IQmds tl ir i^^-m THE HISTORY 39 > ■ '■'^ , f ; n t. ' I 1 ' I ' , -t |r; ■/•i: ' ■ '■ ,i O F NEW^ENGLAND. CHAP. I. iFiom its Difcovery and Settlement, to the break- ing out of the firit Indian or Pequot War, Containing the Space of Seventeen Years. T HO* the Continent of North- America was, doubt- lefs, difcover'd by Sebajiian Cabot^ under the Aufpices oi Henry VII, King of England^ four . or five Years afrer Ciutnl::' had difcover'd the vaft Southern Continent, and the liiands in the Seas that bound it; and tho' Sir Walter Rawleigh/s Adventurers, Ami- Iffli and BivlcWy had traded in l^'irginia, and Sir Francis D'-ake m been afliore in the Country of which we are about to yet nothing fatisfadory is faid of either its Difcovery pr Trade, til) the Voyage of Capt. Bartholomew Gofnold^ in he Year 1602. He was the firft Navigator who made a i6oz. bnfiderable Stay here, fie had with him 32 Sailors and^ ^ - raffengers, who fcem'd to have had fome Thoughts of a noU* * v.yi fetdement, if they met with a Place that invited them to it, agt. hey carrying with them Seed Corn to make an Experiment of Its Growth in the Soil of America. Capt. Gofmld made Land ]ii the Latitude of 42 Deg. and a few Min Northward, [long the llUnds that now form the North-fide of ^zMaJfa- D 4 ihujeti V ■'v^. -I » I t •' 4« 7Z'^ HiJIory of New-England. chupts Bay; but not liking the Place, l\e ftcer'd to the Southward all Night, and next Morning found himfelf im. bay'd within a mighty Head of Land, which Promontory he called Cape Cod^ from the vaft Quantity of Cod Fifh hij took there. *Tis the Northern Point of Plhmuth County. Here was the greatcft Plenty of Fowl he ever faw ; and had i he had Tackling for a Whale Fiflicry, he might have made ,^l ? a rich Return, He went afliore on a fmall uninhabited f I ' Ifland, which he call'd Elizabeth Ifland, and on another r ; ;i Ifland, which he nara'd Martha's Vineyard, where the//?, I ]'\ dians had Habitations, as will be feen hereafter. Here foine • ' ■ ■ of his Company fow'd fome Enslijh Corn, and faw it come ' A ■ up very kindly. He bulit a little Fort for his and his Mens 9 Security, and traded from thence with the Savages, to whom I Europeans were no Strangers j for the Commander of the ^:| The Indians grft Body of them that came to trade with him, was drcfs'd \ tmetohm. ^j^j^ Waiitcoat, Kreeches, Shoes, Stockings, Hat and ail Accoutrements befitting an i!,\'/^/y7j,v/a;/^ but his Attendants had only Deer-skins about their Shoulders, and Scal-skinsl about their Waifts, Their Hair was very long, and tied up with a Knot behind. They were painted all over; but their natural fwarthy Colour v.'as eafy enough to be difcern',!! Gofnold traffick'd with them fo protitably, that he made an extraordinary Voyage, and gave the Country and Inhabitants fo good a Charad:er, that the Merchants his Employers, and others, rcfolved upon a Settlement in thefe Parts j to which End they beggVi a Grant of King James I. and thdel Grani'ees^ call'd the Council of Plinijuth^ where moil: of) them rclided, wxiVQ authorized to plant where i'.'ey /}joidd ll/irA Jit and convenient^ between ^ 8 and 45 Dc^yees of Korthtm l.atitiide\ the Country within their Patent going by the! Nanjc of North Virginia, as all the Continent to the SouthJ ward of it, was term'd South Virginia. The principal Perfons concern'd in this Grant were tli^ Lord Chief Juftice Popham^ Sir Ferdinando Gorges^ who fuppcfed to have betrayed the beloved and unfortunate Fjil of Ejjex.^ Thomas Ilunhaniy Efq; Raleigh Gilbert ^ Elq; i5o| of that famous Adventurer Sir Humphry Gilbert, IViliui Parker, Efq; George Pophom, Efq; who, with the othej iCc6. Members of the Council of Plunouth, in the Year i6o6| fitted out another Ship for North Virginia, the Command which ,vas given to Mr.//<^«r>'6'/^r7//c?;M,whohad withhima'ooil 50 Men, and failing av/ay with them as far as the Spanijh Illej probably not IVej't- Indian Iflcs, but the Canaries, the Cour| Siiips bound for Jmerica then took, fell in with a Fleet Spaniards) was taken and lent Prifoner tc Spain^ togethd ^he Hiftory of New-England. 4J s, ari, which thcte noil of (jf7 '.'««] by tiiel Soutlv p- Coui IFlcet Itogctbil with all his Company, where they were treated afVer a cruel inhuman Manner, notwithikndinf^ that King James was at the fame Time courting the Fricndfliip of that King by vejy (iilhonourable and difadvantagcous Compliances. Tho' the rcll of the Patentees were very much dilliearten'd by this ill Succcli) ; yet the Lord Chief Juft:ce Popham quickly after (et out another Ship at his own Charge, under the Command of Capt, Hanham^ one of the Patentees, v;ho brought back fuch an cncoiiraging Account of the Country and Trade, that thofe wliO fell oiT before refolved now to ad\/cnture a- igain,-, and accordingly Capt. Pop'^am and Capt. Gilhertj two C-iot, P.> [odiers of the Patentees, were diipatch'd away with two iihips, ^^"^ ■^'i;'^ |ioo Men, Ordnance, Stores and Provition for a Plantation, ^gf!.'' *^' " which they began 'jii the Banks of the River Sagnr/ahocky A. u, i6oi, I'm Norcmbegua, nc\z to Ca/co Bay; all the Contineiu from \Smth yirginia being, by the old Geographers, call'd Iscrtm- U(^ua. They built a Fort, to which they gave the Name of St. George^ at the Mouth of Sagadahock River, more to the Northward than the prefent Plantation in New - England -, but ICapt. Popham dying, and Capt. Gilbert being about to re- Iturn to England^ to take Pod'eiTion of the Eftate fallen to Ihim by the Death of his elder Brother, Sir John Gilbert^ ,'ho was Prefident of the North Virginia Company, thofe thatcame with them could not be periliaded to .ftay after they had loft their Leaders, but broke u ^ and reimbark'd ior England. But the Trade in Peltry, Fi(h, Oil, t^c. turn'd to fo mod an Account, that Shipo continued every Year to make [his Voyage; and four or five Years after a Company of [our Gentlemen, Capt. RawJen, Capt. Langham^ Mr. Bully pd Mr. Shltony fitted out two good Ships at their own Charge, to make the faine Voyage and Adventure. I'hc chief Alanagement of the Adventure, and the Command of Ihe biggeft Ship, was given to Capt. John Smith, who had jiecn Prelident of the Colony at South Virginia ^ Thomas iunt was Commander of the other Ship. They fell in v/ich k Land about the Illand Jcnahigan^ where they traded with le Natives ; and Capt. Smith, while his Men were fiiliing in the Coaft, traveli'd up into the Country, with only 8 l^len in his Company, and drew a Plan of as much of it .he could furvey, which he fays in his Voyages, he pre- med to Prince Charles, who gave it the Name of N £ VV- iC'0^'^^•^e' *. iXGLAND. 5;«/VA then tells ushow the Prince chrifteu'd^^j;;,;';^':' irticular Places in his Survey, which I hardly think he took K"w.r.t^> 3much Pains about. The Majfachujet^, River he call'd Charles '^^^' K'^i the Harbour of Cape Cpd', Milfsrd liSkS^ii', the Cape itfcit; . . ir f ■■■ I I / li '■J. ^ '^1 43 • Tbe Hi/lory' 0; New-England- itfelf, Cape Jamt's; but it retain'd !'je Mamc Cifnold gavcit* He callM Bo/iou and other Spots of Ground by other Natnc which I don't believe the firil Builders and Plancers hid iw^ Reg.ird to. They were drawn out of Eu-'land by P'. ri^cj;. tions, nndhadno great Keafon to be fond of ai\v' thir»,! Jone by thtir Perfccutcjrs'. Capt, Smith nude his Voya'^'e out and hoi. " in about 6 Monrhs, and put 1500/ in his Pocket. The Gendcmeti, on whofe Account hr: vent, were alio fully reimburfcd their Charges by tiie Prctdud of the Skins, FilTi, Oil and other Commodities, When Capr. Smith was gone, Hunt, the Commander of r,apf. Hunt'; the other Velld, enticed between 20 and ^o of the Natives ''''''""'''' ';" aboard him, and, contrary to the J.aw o'* Mations and die ihe n uni. p^jj|j^,|^ Faith, clapp'd tliem under Hitchf and fold tlv:;T) to the Spaniards at Malawi: ^ where he W. b/)und with his Fidi. His Owners tnrn'd him out of tlieir Employ for bis Villainy ; but the Pimiflvmcnt was by no Means adequate to the Crime. The Indians of Patuxcs highly refented ir, and refolved to be revenged on thii Enghjh that came on j the Coaft. Capr. Hohfon was the tirft that Ctimc in riieir Way^ he and d'.pt. licrhj were fitted out by the Council of Plimouth, not only for a Trade, but with Ncceilaries for a] Settlement, on winch the Adventurers Hearts wcic (till fc:, The Trarifick of Furs and Fi(h was very advantageous ; jndj they imagined it would be very much extended, if tlvj Etiglifn could winter and fettle there, to carry it on v.'ithoiiti Interruption. Upon Capt. Hohfni's Arrival, many o'i tliej A ^/^«x came aboard hi.s Ship, and havirg been kindly enter-j r«in'd by him, nroniifed, at their Departure, ro return tiiel riext Day and begin Trade. They came with 20 Caiui.. but rcfufcd tocomeaboaid. Efcnoiv^ ^x\ Inuian^ who //;,*J jon had brought with him ?.s an Intctpreter, beckonVi to then] to come n( rr, and immediately leap'd into the Water an( Iwam to them -, upon which the Emrl:J}) fired at him, anJ the hid'rins in the Canoos let fly their Arrows -at the A'/^///ij Several of the Indians were kiU'd, and Hohfon and fomet his Crew Vv^iunJed, which fo difcouraged the reft:, thatthej ccminf?; to tivideand not to war, Ail'd back ro Encland. How ever, the Company of N^ortt f'irr in ia being encouraged Cape. Smithy fitted out 4. Ships in the Year 16 15, and aboard them a goo(i I'art of the Crew that had been in tlj Country with cS'w/V^, Thefe Ships made their Voyage in Months, and the Returns were very conliderable. Can Sf/iith fail'd himfelf for New-England the fame Year; lofing the Mafts of the Ship he .was aboard in ill Weatiij C.3P' foil. H'l!;. .(51 it tlK .'ithuati of rhel eiv.er-i ^ Cat 43 I'he HiJIory of New-England. ' he was forced to return to Plimouth, whence Co eager was ho I for the Voyage, he put to Sea again only with a Baric, and wjs taken by the French ; how, where, and for what Realon ^c are not told ; nor is it eafy to guefs, wc having then no War with Franse, wiiither he was f'cnt Prifoner. His other Ship arrived in Neu/-£ngl'.nd, and came back with a very good Cargo. Probably thof'e aboard tradeu with other Jn- liiun Nations. The Patuxes^ againit whom the Engiijh were ev rperatcd, inhabited that Pare ot the Country where now is \},dv Brijiol County, with the Pocaffts, now BarnjlabU [County, or Mcjfafoits^ near Mount Hope j for the Indians did not attack them, as they did Dormer, who was fent in ItheYear 1619 to profecutc the D-ilign of ■a. P/antatiin and jlcttlcd Trade. Gapt. i)(?rwj*r carried w' him Sqnanto, asqunnror* « |Mlv^; Indian^ one of thofe that 1) ^ ' inapp'd by^'"'''^""'^- XHuntj who fold him v/iih the other inu, Spaniards^ "'*■ Itrom whom he made bi!> Efcape into t id was Ser- jvant to one Mr. Slaney, who ufed him k- well, that nothing jbijt the Love of Liberty and his own Country could invite bin) to quit his Service. Squanto did what he could, in Gra- jiitude for the civil Ufage he had met. with m England, jta pacify his Countrymen, and bring them into a better [Vmner with the EngliJ}) ; which he could not fo foon eifedl ro hinder their aflkulting ,'apr. Dormer, who, in a Skir- |r.-iiili with them, received 14, v/ounds, and had much ado lo efcape with Life. After which he fail'd for I'trginiay iw\ing Squanio behind him, who, in time, fatisfy'd his piiintrymen that Hunfs Viliuiny was abhorr'd by the Eng- ^///., and that he iiad been punilh'd for it. The Patentees, having met withfo manyDi(couragemente, \vcu', at lall i'o dilhcan-cu'd, ^hat they gave up all Thoughts making a Settlement : However, other Adventurers carry'd a Trade to New England; eight Ships were employ'd in |: by the Merchants of London and PUmouth this and the next tear; and the Succels was fuch, that the Seamen, v/ho were [harers alfo, had each 17/. in 6 Months time, as much as 'pi now, and as good as 5/. a Month, a Matter's Pay. Thus the Traffick continued, tho' the Settlement v/as fuf- ended, and probably would have been dropp'd, had not [ther more folid and noble Inducements than Lucre engaged pme very religious and worthy Perfons. to undertake it, at they might enjoy that Liberty of Confcience in New- ingland which was deny'd them in Old^ by perfecuting Pre- ps, high ComrailTion and Spiritual Courts, which had al- ady driven many of them out of their dear native Country Y^HoUand^ and other Parts of Europa Among thefe was 'm ''' i i'rKMTlii •*^ ■'*:^'. 1:;, 7P- J IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) iii JWiSSiil' ' '<:l i.-*'^ '.?ii 46 J n'^ Ifr. John C.irvf.-, Govcriii': 'The Hi/lory of New-England. Of thefe Mr. John Carver was a Gentleman of a con. I fiderable Fortune, which he laid out in this Project. IViliiam Bradford^ Efq; was a York/hire Gentleman, who retired into Holland to avoid the Severities of the Bilhops Courts. Edward JVinjlow^ Eiqj of Droitwlch in JVorceJierJh'iri^, travelling into the Low Countries, fell into the Company of I fome of Mr. Rol/infon's Congregation, engaged in Comma-f nion with them, and embark'd with the firft Planters that| fettled here. Capt. StandiJJj, of the Family of Standijh, of StandlJJ) in| Lamajhire, and Heir to a good Part of the Eftate, having been fraudulently deprived of it, he went for a Soldier in thel Netherlands, became there acquainted with Mr. Robinfinl and joined with the other Members of his Congregation! that undertook this Voyage and Defign. Mr. If^ilUam Brew/ler^ as he is written in this SubfcriptionJ and not Johny as in Mr. Neah Hid. p. 79, had had a learn] ed Education in one of our Univerfities, and from thenci enter'd liimfelf into the Service of. that well-deferving, bul ill-ufed Minifter, IViWam Davifon, Efq; Secretary of StatI to Queen Elizabeth, with whom he went over to Holk^ and was entrufted with Affairs of great Importance, as ticularly with the keeping of the Keys of the Cautionary Toni He afterwards lived in good Efteem in his own Country, tillrf Severities of the Spiritual Courts forced him to return I Holland, where he was a Ruling Elder of Mr. Robinjin Congregation at Leyden. The new Comers* having fign'd the Affociation, choj Mr. John Carvi'.r to be their Governor for one Year; af he, with 1 6 Men, went afhore in the Country, now Rm Jiahle County, to look out for a convenient Place for thd , to build and plant, accommodated alio w \ convenient H^ bour tor Shipping. Having march'd ab a Mile fromi Coall, they difcover-d five Ind'tam, who m«ie from ttid fo faft, that they could not o^zt come to the Speech j them. The next Morning they ventured higher up intot Country, and came to a large Spot of clear Ground, whj Indian Corn had been planted. They difcover'd fev^ Graves, the Remains of a Houfe, fays my Author; what the Remains of an Indian Houfe muft be, that| neither Walls nor Roof, more than a homely Booth in Country Fairs, I cannot guefs, unlefs it^be Poles, alfo they found a great Kettle, a Token of Traffick Europeans-^ fome Heaps of Sand, in which they fo) feveral Basktts of Corn in the Ear^ but finding no Pj for their Purpofe, they returned. I'ke Hifiory of New-England. a con. in, who I BiiKops 'Jlerjh'inX iipany o(| Commu.[ Iters ibatl 'anaijh in| e, having lier in thel Rob'mjm igregation| bfcription ad a \tm\ om tbeno irving, iry of StatJ to Holm ice, as pari nary ToitnJ ntry,tillt!i| return t Rohhj'ii ition, chol Yearj ai 1 now Ba\ [ce for tlv renientH lile from from thi Speech up into 47 The Chief of the Planters went on the next Difcbvery, as Mr. Carver the Governor, Mr. Bradford, Mr. IVmfioWy Capt. Standijhj Mr. Howland, Mr. Coppin, Mr. Warren^ Mr. Hopkins, Mr. Ttlly, Mr. Clarke^ Mr. AlUrton, Mr. Eng- B, Mr. Doley, and JoneSy Mafter of the Mayflower^ with hjsbunner and three of his Sailors in the Ship's Boat. Their Defign was to range round the whole Bay of Cape Cod, in fearch of a Harbour. They had been Seven and twenty Days on the Coaft, and Winter was come upon them before they had the leaft Covering for themfelves afliore. The Weather vas fo hard, that the lealt Spra of the Sea froze on their Clothes, They got down that Night, December 6, mto the Bottom of the Bay, where now is Taunton, and faw lo /«- iians about a dead Grampus. They landed a League off of ihem, and lay alTiore all Night without Difturbance ; but the next Day they had a Skirmiih with the Natives, they dng in the Pat^ixes Country j but little Hurt was done on ither Side. They then took to their Boat again, refolving :o be govern'd by their Pilot, who aflured them he knew f a good Harbour for Ships ; and accordingly, a Day or wo after, they came to fuch a one, call'd by 'tne Name of he Nation Patuxet. They raarch'd up into the Country, md difcover'd feveral Corn Fields, with little running Brooks, that they determined to pitch hercj and returning to their hip, reported their Refolution to the reft of the Company, i;ho, purfuant to that Determination, removed thither with eii Ship, and arrived there the i6th of December; on the 9th they quitted their Ship, and on the 25 th, being Chri/i- Day, they began to ereS: a Stou-houfe for their Goods, lid feme fmall Cottages to preferve them from the Wea- iher. They divided themfelves into 19 Families, allotting piimouth |o every Perfon half a Pole of Ground in Breadth, and three '"•'«")' Z^^- Length, for Lodging and Gardens. They alfo agreed'*^" ipon fome La vs, and for their Civil and Military Govern- cnc. To the Place of their Settlement they gave the Name if N E W-P L I M O U T H. They faw no Indians all the inter j but were feverely afflidled by Sicknefs, which fwept und, v/hBway half of their Number. About the Middle of March, rer'd lev^ author i I be, that I )th in foles. 'raffick they foj ig no PI Samofet, who had learned a little broken Englijh from |ie Englijh that came on thofe Coafts to firti, came boldly them. Soldier-like, with his Bow and Arrows in his pand, and bid theip Welcome. He was one of the Segamores, Princes belo|M;ing to the Northern Parts, 5 or 6 Days Jour- Jey from their V/wn. He was quite naked, except his Waift, [hich wascover'd with a Piece of Leather j a tall, ftraightn< Indian* fan, with long black Hiir, but no Beard. He was fo well '^i^' f*« ^ ' pleafcd^"^^"^- m^.W '«! ' • •i !■' ; I *■ i.; 1 111 '£ t\ " '?>' 1 e''\ ii ■ ^8 n^e HiJIory of New-England, pleafed with his Entertainment there, that fome time after he came again with ieveral other Natives, who eat freely' and drinking till they were merry, fell a dancing. They told the Engltjh, that their Great Sachem^ or King Majfnjfoit would be foon with themj and on the aid of March^ he So tfnei their came with his Brother ^andequence^ and about 60 others gitf Maflaf- y„3^jjj>j Q^^^ Statidijh met him, at the Head of the Mi! litia of the Colony, a File of Musketeers, and condu(i;tc(l | him into a Houfe, where a Seat of State was prepared, being ^ 1 or 4 Cufliions piled on a green Rug. His Dreft was little different from that of his Attendants, only he had a Chainof Fifli Bones about his Neck. His Face was painted with a Murray Red, and both that and his Head lick'd over with Oil. He had a long Knife hanging by a String at his Bofom and on his Back hung a little Pouch of Tobacco. His Train | had alfo their Pouches^ and their Faces were painted with va- riety of Colours. Mr. Carver the Governor enter'd tJiel Room, with a Drum and Trumpet marching before hira.1 Majfaffoit kifi,'d him, and they both fitting down together,! Strong Waters were brought, of which the King tookfol large a Draught, that it made him feverilh all the time hel ftay'd. One of his Attendants was S quant o, the Indian beJ fore-mentioned, who proved a hearty Friend to the Eniliji)\ and brought his Countrymen to have a good Opinion them. He was Interpreter between this Great Sachem and the Governor, who enter'd into an Alliance and Engagement! of mutual Truft and good Offices ; as an Inftance of which on his Part, MaJfaJ/oit gave away all the Lands adjacc to the Settlement to the Planters Heirs and Succeffors fb| ever, ^uanio ftay'd with the Englijh after the Sachem ref turned home, and was very ferviceable to them, in teachin ihem the Manner of planting their Corn and catching FiHij In April Mr. Carver the Governor died, and IViM Bradford^ Efq; was chofen Governor, who fent Mr Wi\ JJow and Mr. Hopkins to return the Sachem Majfaffoith Vili and confirm the Peace he concluded with them. The An bafladors had the Honour to lodge on the Royal Bed bytij King and Queen, two or three of the Grandees of I Court having the fame Honour done them, which it feeo| was a Cuftom among Indian Princes who were in FriendU Mr. Pen told me he had the fame Favour fliewnhimbyj Indian Sachem in Penfilvonia^ fixty Years after this, withi Improvement of one of the King's Daugh^rs, who was ( reeled to lie down by him. His Royal lOT was only a I Planks raifed about a Foot from the Ground, Majja^ and his Queen lay at one End of it, under a chin Mat, Wil'lam EraJtord, £/^, (3»vtr mr. The Hi/lory of New-EnglanJ. 49 the Atnbafladors and Grandees at the other ; but the Court was lo ill furnilhed with Provilions, that their Excellencies were altnoft ftarved. Mr. IVtnJhw and Mr. lUpkins found the Country as they went depopulated, a PJague having lare- jy fwept away nine Parts in ten of the Inhabitants j hue they underftood, that the Narroganfets^ who lived on the orher Side of the Bay, where now is Ntw-London County, were a numerous and formidable Nation, Hobamock^ a lufty Indian Youch, taking a Liking to the i5ii. Englijh-, came and lived among them ; and Squauto and he- being Tent among the Indians about an Aifair of Confequenvc, j were kept by Coubatanty only becaufe ihey were Friends to the Planters. Coubatant was a Scgamorc of Namasket^ about Ur///^/ County. Thefe 5^^<7worf J were Princes or Lords of fmall Territories, of <>, 7, or 8 Miles Extent, but fubordi- nate to thr Great Sachem. Coubatant made at Hobamock to ftab him, but the Youth was too ftrong for him, and got [away to Plrmouthy leaving Squanto behind him. Immediately [the Governor difpatch'd Capt. Standijh with 14 Men to re- lleafc Squanto^ and if he was kill'd, to make Reprifals j but \Couhatant ran away upon News of their Approach, and |5^«^«/o was fee at Liberty. The Entrance of thefe 1 4. Men jinto Namasket ftruck fuch a Terror into the neighbouring Indians, that their Sachems and Segamores came in, and the liftorian fays, fubfcribed the following Inftrument. Know all Men by thefe Prefents^ that vje, whofe Names Tije lr,4ian m under-written, do acknowledge ourfehes to be the legal Sub- ^""'"J^^' iiifs of King James, Z/»^ «/" Great-Britain, Frznce and Ire-james. land, Defender of the Faith, &c. In fVitnefs whereof, and gs a Tejf/imony of the fame, we have fubjcrib^d our Names tr Marks as followethy Obquamehud^ Cawnacome, Obbatinua, Nattawahuntj Coubatant, Chillaback, ^adaqutna^ Huttamoideny Apadmw. The Mayflower return'd to England m the Spring this Year ; jnd in May arrived a Ship belonghig to Mr. Thomas Wejion, lerchant, with feven Faflengers intending to fettle. Aftgr bt two more Veflels arrived, with do PafiTengers; but [ringing no Provifion with thero, they were a Burthen to lie Colony at Plimouth and the Haven; for that they had |ut an indiffeitnc Harveft, the Englijh Seed Corn being jither damaged, or not ripening becaufe fown in the Spring, lid the Indian Corn yielding little Produce, for want of Skill planting it. The Fortune^ a fmall Veflclj wiih feven Paf- £ fengetSj l6iZ ill' J ;' ',■ ,-M?r If :vs ■■:«(:. u\W' mmm\itm s° Tie Hi/lory o/" New-England. I Hi i I' i'lv- n 'm^^: ••': ^ iii I ■■;1 il- !' fengers, arrived about the fame time ; but bringing no Pro- viiion, the Colony was reduced to Famine, and for fome time had nothing to trade with the Indians for their Corn • but at laft, a fmall trading Veffel came as by Accident with a good Quantity of Englih Beads^ KnivtSy Sizzars, and 'fuch Ware as was merchantable with the Natives, which tiie Colony bought up with their Beaver and other Peltry, and ilipply'd themfelves with Corn and other Neceflaries. ff^'/Ion^s Men having overftock'd Plimouth Town, and per. haps not liking the Strid:nefs of the Peoples Morals and Difcipline, removed to Maffachufet's Bay. The Hiflorian weftnn and %«, " They Were a Company, and that IVeJion obtain'd a h't Men tviikcd. i6'-3, Teems to hav Forms of i as they wen the King waj Ttm running Si^amus ! M mm like thee Majfaffhit refic ^tm of his be His Sight ^2i% ^ When Mt. IV, told him who p, Winflow / WeJiorf% Men fettled at in Maffachufet's Bay, was call'd Wa^aW^'^^^^^^^^'^ gufquafet^ now known by the Name of IVeymouth, in SiMmt^^ 9^^^^^^^* County. If ire/ion's ^len firft made a Settlement here andB^JI^ ^ ^^^ O" in Mffachufet's Bay, 'tis certain that neither the Town ofKj ^'. ^"" ^^. ^ JVeymouthy nor any of the Plantations in the Country, owe" ■ *^ '^diai their Rife to them ; for inftead of being Propagators of thej Religion of the Church of England^ they fell into a riotous! way of Living, foon confumed their Stock, and wantedl Provifions. The Governor of Plimouth did what he couli for them, Self-prefervation being the fupreme Rule. Whi they had barter'd away all their Goods for Indian Corn, thi fold their Clothes and Bedding: Nay, fome of them bei came Servants to the Indians, and would cut their Woi and draw chcir Water for a Cup full of Corn. Miferabl was the Condition they were reduced to. For as their Necel fities obliged them to fteal from the Indians^ the Indk made no Confcience of plundering them, and had enter"! into a Confpiracy to cut them all to Pieces, which they Iiaj certainly executed in a few Days, if it had not been dKcova'j by the following Accident. Mr. Bradford^ Governor of Plimouth, being iijforiii' that their good Friend Maffaffolt was liclT, fent the f former Ambafladors, Mr. JVmJJow and Mr. Hopkins to hii to give him the beft Advice and Alfiftance they coul They took with them Hobamock to be their Guide and terpre:i gainft all the E tut to feize the to, that Cap lili'd the two Chi pombat, oneaftc m them into tf pdifown'd thefe Y begg'd Pardc Ned- but a Ye imoft all his Peon 'ttlement. Capt Plimuth, wher wtodifpofeof rn, and /hippy T way in quef «'ard a trading , the deplorable F- %^ he loft his Savages, who P«; and in this SI terpreter, Sauanto being lately dead. That Indian had made himfclf io ufeful to both Englijh and Indians^ that between both he had pick'd up fomething worth giving away when he died, and he gave moft of it in Legacies among his Erg- lljh Acquaintance. He defired the Governor to pray. That he might go to the Engl ifh man's God in H,aven, which feems to have more true AfFedion in it, than the laboured Forms of fome Chriftians. The Ambafladors heard, as they were on their Way to Majfajfoit's Court, that the King was dead ; on which Hobamcck cried out, with Tears running down his Cheeks, Neen womafu^ neen wcmafuy S.inamus ! My Sachem, tny Sachem, many have I known ^ but mi like thee! But when they came to Pocanckety where Maplfoit refided, they were agreeably furprized with the News of his being ftill living, tho* in a very dangerous way : His Sight was gone, but his other Senfes were pretty intire. When Mr. Winjlow came to his Bed- fide, and Hobamock had told him who he was, he put out his Hand and faintly rc- jpeated thefe Words, Mattaneen IVonkantt namen Winfnorw ! \Ohf Winflow I / Jhall never fee thee again. Mr. Winjlow otnfortcd him in the beft manner he could, and gave him Tome Cordials, which had fo good an Effed, that in a few J)ays he was out of Danger; and took this friendly Vifit {o here andKjndJy^ that he difcover*d the whole Plot of the Majfachufet Town o(^(j other Indians againft IVeJion's Men firft, and afterwards ^ainft all the Engltjby He advifed them to lofe no time, ut to feize the chief Confpirators, which was fo eafily ef- fted, that Capt. Stand/Jh^ having but 8 Men with him, iird the two Champions, IVituwamet and Peckfnot^ in fingle he coulMjQfnbat, one after the other, and drove the Savages they had ^^^"Bith them into the Woods. The Si|chem of the Majfachu' ^orn, t^pB^; difown*d thefe Savages in their Doings, pleaded Ignorance, tbein be^d begg'd Pardon, which was granted, and a Peace con- uded j but a Year or two after, a Plague deftroy'd him and [moft all his People, which open'd a Way for the Majfackufeis ttlement. Cape. Standijhoffefd to conduct Wejion'^ Men Thtir i^Jtc Plimouth, where they might remain till they could agree »/Wffl on m to difpofe of ihemfelves ; but they begg'd a Supply of ;^"'J'" ^'•" h they ^^mrn, and fhipp'd themfclves aboard their Veflel, and went dllcovaBjij yff^y in qugft of Mr. We/Ion, who was gone to the Ilward a trading or fifliing, and returning foon after, heard jg ii7fo™B^j,g deplorable Fate of his Plantation. Himfclf fared little t the tmgj-j i^e IqA; ^jg goat in a Storm, fell into the Hands of \}ns to nim Savages, who pillaged him of all he had, even to bij [hey ^°"Biirt j and in this Condition he came to Plimouth^ where he lideandlB £ j VVas tcvpreir Pro- fome with i-fuch :h the ^, and id per- Is and iftorian laii^'d a propa- \uei thi wicKjJ, I ;s, who' the Co- an in all if it had Pimout\ 'he Place rd IVajU' in SiS> ury, owe! )rs of m a riotous! \d wanted] leir Woi 1 Miferabli leir Need ^c Indk lad entefi m9 ' C ^' w.'.,M>v:lll »J '"IT- 4''i ;:IIMP» 52 I IB Jftrtof tm:h:r. not venture < to the Com] Aflviir. The Piant Mr. IVinJIow out their Pat Hm^ Adbcia came Lord of men increaiedj furrender the thus, fays Mr, lick, by a Pat< weJl underftand Hr/t under Pate ^he Hiftory 0/ New-England. was faved from ftarving by the very Colony which he had a tlioufand ways endeavoured to deftroy. But there feems to have been a form'd Delign in En^. Innd to cftablifli a Settlement on a Church of England \ Bottom; whether out of a truly religious Zeal, or out of| Hatred to Puritanifm^ profefled by the Church of Nau. En^landy I fliall not enquire ; but foon after lyejion had (helter'd at Plimouth, arrived Capt. Gorge, Son cf Sir Ftr. dinando before- mention'd, and feveral Families, which ap. pear to have been of the Epifcopal Party, by their bring. ing with them one Mr. Murret, a Minifter, who had an Ecclcfiaftical CommilTion to be Superintendant, or Billiop of the Churches: But Murres finding the Bulk of the People were in a different way of thinking, made noufeof his Cora- miffion, nor did Gorge make much more of his; but finding H«jw//^, by virtu things not to atifwer his Expedtations, he reiurn'd to EnglamlWBradfordy ECq- and, fays the Hiftorian, his Bijhop follrujed him. Their Corn-Has will be ken \ pany went fome to Virginia, and fome home. There wasBinferted m the another Attempt for a Majfachufet Settlement before the laillto be doubted j which took Effedt. HPatent was for ti All this while the PUmouth Colony went on fuccefsfully iol By this time t planting, trading and fifhing. The Country about them wasHvas To much inc pretty well cleared, and the cultivated Fields produced foBhe Governor hai good Harvells, that in 4 or 5 Years time they began to havSeferving only to Store of Corn enough, and to fparc,of their own. Ships cam^il was afterwarc every Year from England and brought over Paflengers, v/hici made the Planters at PUmouth begin to want Room, ai that very much forwarded the Settlements in other Parts the Country. The Returns they made them in Furri Fifli, C7V. were very profitable; and tho' the Patentees i\ nut much encreafe their Stock by it, yet particular Pcrfoi encreafed theirs; and the Colony was in a Condition, witi the Compafs of feven Years, to buy out the Patentees, off what they had been out upon this Adventure, and ti the whole Property into their own Hands; for they were Bsii'd this Year yet on no better Footing than their Agreement with the CoiiBnIy, but [q the cil of Pli mouth, who had the Grant of the Continent Bil in New-EngL America from New-Scotland lo Carolina, under feveral NamB' whom they he The Colony employ'd one Mr. IFilliam Pierce to take ouBit Colony whic particular Patent for their Lands, which he did in his oiBfrlbns, who folio Name, and not in theirs, intending the Planters iliouid hflit lived together them under him. He got a vaft Tradt included in bisPatAck; for tho' and above 1 00 Paflengers embark'd with him to go and tfle Produ(3: was Poffeffion ; but after he had put twice to Sea, he was driSled out to each back by foul Weather, and his Ship fo fliatte; <.!, ^hac he diBevent Waftc an( uliiWe. TheT( wa heir Charter oration. m a confiderabl 'Ijer things, thn at came thirher ^^^ difcover'd b fore any Mifc ter into the Pa if c^ The Hi/iory o/ New-England. Si ^ot venture out in her again \ (o he aHfign'd back his Patent to the Company, and concerned himfelf no more in the Affair- The Planters having Advice of Pierce's Treachery fent '<'»5. yix. IVinJJow to England to folicit their Affairs, and he took n^w Myi out their Patent in the Name of IVill'tam Bradford, his out cht firji Heirs, Aflbciates and Afligns, by which the Governor be- P*'*"*- cameLord of the Country ; but when the Number of Free- men increafcd, the General Court defircd the Governor to furrender the Patent to them, which he readily did; and thus, fays Mr. Nea/^ the Colony became a kind of Repub- 1 lick, by a Patent from King James I, which I do not very well underftand ^ for it appears by the Charter itfelf, that the irft under Patent, or Patent granted by the Council of P//- \nijuth, by virtue of King Jameses Grant, was not to IVtlliam IBradfordi Efq; but to Sir Henry Rofwei, Sir John young, &c. as will be feen prcfently j but that Mr Bradford's Name was linferted in the Patent, and that he fo furrender'd it, is not |to be doubted ; and one may fuppofe that Sir Henry Rofwel*s iPatent was for the Majfachufet Plantation. By this time the Number of Inhabitants at New-Plimouth TbtComdi m fo much increafed, that inftead of one Affiftant, which ''^^'"'""'^' Ithe Governor had before, the Number was enlarged to five, Jeferving only to the Governor a calling Vote. The Coun- jcil was afterwards increafed to feven, and fo continued till Iheir Charter was illegally taken from them after the Re- Horation. Mr. lyinjlow, at hisKeturn to Neiv-Engliindy brought. with 7'A^/''j'?wi''i« Li a conliderable Supply for the Plantation ; and, amongft ^""'^ '*"■'• Uer things, three Heifers and a Bull, the firft neat Cattle hat came thither. Lyford and Oldham^s Treafon being hap- (ily difcovcr'd by the Governor, and the Traytors punifti'd efore any Mifchief came of it in the Colony^ I fliall not nter into the Particulars of it, nor of the Fire which hap- |en'd this Year in the Town, and burnv down three Hou^s nly, but to the Ruin of the Inhabitants, who lofing their 1 in New-England by it, return'd to their Friends in Old^ whom they hoped to be better fupported than by an in- nt Colony, which confifted now of 32 Houfes and 180 trfons, who followed their feveral Trades by Sea and Land, iit lived together as yet like one Family, on the common lock ; for tho* every Man had his Oivifion of Land, yet. Produd was put into the publick Store- houfe, and di- ded out to each Family according to their Number, to levent Wafte and Profufion, till their Store was left e»- luilible. The Town was paled in about half a Mile in Compafs. ,1 , ■! 4 ■■■ ! ^' ^ ■ "V t ,, I. 'fivfe .»!«. y^%:Wi \i<- .] .»■ tJ'Jii i \.i f. •.■ 1 54. ■ 7be Hijlory of Ncw-EngUnd. Compafs. In the Midft of the Indofurc, upon a rifing (Jiound, was the Fort, and on the Top of it a Watth- Towcr, from whence a great many Leagues at Sea might be Itfcn, tho' there docs not I'eem ro be any Peril threatnin ' them that w.iy. They had made a Salt- Work, and thu Year freighted a Ship of 180 Tons with Fifli cured with their own Salt. Capt. Stand'ifli was the next Year fcnt to England^ with a Cargo of Beaver and other Furs, Fifh and Oil, in two Ships, one of which was taken almoft within Sight of Pitrmuth by a SalUe Man, which fo difcouraged the Adventurers in En^. hnel, who had advanced Money for forwarding and fetthng the Colony, that they rcfolved to give over and adventure n9 more. I mufl needs own, that I am apt to believe, confidering this Trade was young, and all young Trades have generally the Quality of Youth to thrive and flourifli, that the Planters did take more Cart of their own, than of the com- mon Stock of the Adventurers at Plimouth and Lojidcn, who traded by or under the general Patent, which ceruinly was very reafonable and juftifiabic, confidering how far thty went, and how much they risk'd and fuffer'd for it ; not but that the Adventurers, if their Returns had all come fafely and fealbnably, would have been fufficient Gainers; and I do not fufpedt that the Planters defrauded them,'^ordeiain'd anything which was not the Produce of their own particular Induftry, Labour and OEconomy, and their own particular Improve- ments; for when the Company was fo weary, that they be- gun to bear hard on the Planters, and Mr. AllertoHy one of the firfl St'tt/en in this Country, arrived in England to aflilt Capt. Standijh in his Negotiations, they found there was no bringing them to any agreeable Temper with the Trade, the Company no fooner propofed an inviting Compofition, than the Planters had their Money ready to depofite to acconi' modate Matters with them. Their Demand on the Plan ' . tcrs was 1 800 /. which the latter had agreed to pay by 200/. a Year; but on a Propofal of the Adventurers to abati Part of that Money, and quit all Claims of Right to thi IManters, what the Company demanded wa? immediately paii down, and their Lands, Stock and Improvements were cli and free from any Incumbrance to the Council of Plimuth^ or the Adventurers under them. 1626. In the Year 1^26, there was another Attempt made for Settlement in the Mafachufets by Capt. PFoollaJion and thn or four more Gentlemen of Subftance, who brought wii them a great many Servants, Provifions and other Neceflaries] They pitched at a Place which they called Mount IVolkp m now Brnini had no juft met with in for Tome tim thing, foon j of his Scrvar Rufdale^ his the Men wou England. VV Fdiher his L Plantation, ral the way, to n v/irh Drink, e Colony, fpeak vMtty of your C Uay till Rufdal \for Slaves ivith cut this Lieutem fation, will rect way befreefron and live together already heated \ out into the wic mi Morton bee fter, Jed them ii ]^^t^ fet up a i^ ^f Spight to th< 'anity. They j "oufly, that the) ifter the two Dn Woollajhn and R^ % That Liqu 'r four Shillings 1 '0^. they muft c -redible, and the rheworft^of it, fEngliJh^ was, f^es with the & Mify, taught t nd difcharge a ^ \ and what Shot fowling for the :tter Markfmen t w capable of d( 'Relighted with 1 '"r Bows and k\ l})f Hiflory o/* New-England. ss now Bralntnt^ in Suffolk County. Capt. IVoollafton^ who had no juft Notion of the Difficulties and Hardfliips to be met with in beginning and perfcding a Settlement, which for fome time would be in continual Want of almoll every thing, foon grew weary of the Work, and failed, with Pare of his Servants, to Virginia^ from whence he wrote to Mr. r.«p/Wooi. RufdaU, his Deputy, to bring him more of them, for that 'j'*""'' •>''- the Men would turn better to Account there than in N'Uu- VrZTdf"*^' England. When Rufdale went away, he appointed one Fllcher his Lieutenant ; but Morton^ a fmall Sharer in the Plantation, taking the Advantage of FiUher's being out of the way, to make the Company that were left there merry wirh Drink, endeavoured to make himfelf Mafter of the Colony, rpeaking to them in this manner: Gcntlcmeriy you fee Morron w«- viany of your Companions carried aiuay to Virginia, and if you "■"'"'»' |y/- //"// Rufdale'j Return, you will be carried away and fold ^^*^'''^'''^'^' tfor Slaves ivith the reft ; therefore I would advife you to thrufi 1 {.ui this Lieutenant Filcher, and /, having a Part in the Plan" tation, will receive you as my Partners and Confociates j fo you Unay be free from Servitude, and we zvill converfe, plant, trade Und live together as Equals. This Speech enflaming their Spirits, already heated with Liquor, they turn'd Lieutenant Filcher lout into the wide World as foon as he came amongft them ; land Morton becoming their fole and abfolute Lord and Ma- imer, led them into all forts of Extravagance and Debauchery. JThey fet up a May-pole, and danced round it, as much out dF Spight to the Puritans of Plimouth, as out of Riot and IVanity. They abandoned themfelves to Drunkennefs fo fu- Vioufly, that they, perhaps not above 30 or 40 in Number, pter the two Draughts had been made fiom their Colony by pW/(7/?(5w and Rujdale, confumed lo/. in Liquor in a Morn- ng. That Liquor was probably Diftillers Spirits, at three brfour Shillings a Gallon j fo that, after the Calculation of |o/. they muft drink above a Gallon a Piece, which is not redible, and the Sum or the Number mull be miftaken. The worft of it, with refpedt to the Settlement and Trade of hEngliJh, was, that thefe Profligates, to ingratiate them- plves with the Savages, and by that means fupport their Pro- gality, taught them the Vie of Fire-Arms, to charge reaches the nd difcharge a Musket, what Proportion of Powder to put Savages tht |i, and what Shot ; Morton exercifed them, and fent them ^mi^^"" fowling for them. Thus, in a little time, they became tter Markfmen than the Englijh, and being fwift of Foot, [ere capable of doing more Execution. The Indians were I delighted with this new Invention, that they threw away (eir Bows and Arrows, and gave any Price for Fire-Arms. E 4. When *'. ■St M »■■ I «■*. m '56 ^he Hiftory o/* New-England. 4 I '"J ^.1! ' (. ' ,,^ ' ' -ill' ; y When Plimouth Colony heard of this, they fent Meflengers to expoftulate with Morton about it^ putting him in mind of the King's Proclamation, which forbad their trading with the Indians for any War-like Stores ^ but he infolently re- ply'd, The King is dead, and his Difpleafure with him ; and if you come to dijiurb me again, look to yourfelves, 'tis at your Peril. Upon this, Governor Bradford and his AlViftants refolved to reduce him by Force, and fent Capt. Standi/}) with a Party of Men to bring him dead' or alive. Morton ftood upon his Defence, barricado'd his Houfe, arm'd his Companions, heated them as ufual with Drink, and oefy'a the Captain, who, however, ventured up to the Door, and Morton coming out to make a fliot at him, StandiJ}? put by his Piece, and took him Prifoner. His Company furrender'd at Difcreiion. Morton was convey'd to Plimouth, and thence to England^ with Letters to the New-England Council, who took little Notice of the Complaints againft himj nor indeed had much at Heart the Interelt of the Colony of Plimoutb, whofe Religion they did not affedt, nor much like the In- creafe of their Numbers and Profperity, which prefaged their Endeavours to become independent of them. A^orton made fevcral Voyages to New-England afterwards, and at laft ended his miferable Life at Pifcataqua. The Behaviour of JVeJion''s Men at Weymouth^ and Morton's at Braintrtt^ was far from being worthy the Religion they profefs'dj that of the Church of England. In the Year 162% the Colony at Plimouth began to fpread themfelves farther into the Country, and inftead of the for- D'firUntitn mcr fmall Diftribution of Land, the Government allotted to !•/ Land, g^g^y Q^g j^ g^^jj Family 20 Acres, to be laid out five in| Length by the VVaterfide, and four in Breadth. The Perfecution of the Spiritual Courts continuing ii Old England^ and the Puritans there hearing how free aa eafy their Hrethren began to live in New-England, manyol the chief Perfons among them had Thoughts of removinj thirhcr. No Man forwarded this more than the Reverem Mr, John fVhite^ Minifter of- Dorchefier, Dorfet, who pri jedled a new Settlerhent in Maffachufet Bay to be an Afylui for the Divines who were filenced by the Bifliops Severidi in England. He prevailed wich one Mr. Roger Conant, pri bably a Relation of that eminent Puritan, Dr. John Conm Rector of Exeter^QoWo^c, Oxon, and fome others, to over to Nsiv- England and make a Beginning, which they dij bk^fore IVooVnflons Men broke up about Cape Ann., t Northern Promontory of Maffachufet Bay -, but the Misbj haviour of the EvgUjh at Mount IVoollajiony and other D' couragemeni ■j«a8. i:ouregementSj Iment, and d( from Mr. fVh [Patience woul . Patent, and and ail things Conant ftaid, 2 Ifetde at. Mr, iblicited the 1^ Patent of the Grant of a gr< U//, Sir John that Pare of the :iver Merrimc ind three Mile iea near Bojior. \kk Gentlemer ;liants of Lond^ rade, were m lenclemen. T hltonjlal, Ifaac h, Efq- Matt kreafe Nowel, \m, Efq-y Nai 'imphihis Eato\ \ John Bn tlutchins, Efq; \(oyge Foxcrcft, \(n is the fame V in his Hiflory, mticus Remonfi i'hom Rulhworth lous CoJIedion jrefentative in ] wnfon, Efq; ma pghter, his W ilonjial was fie Names of d le former in a n 'ear for that Pur '^\(\^ new Com lovernor of the Hachufts, and "n they difpatch P the iictle Cole Ihe Hijlory o/"New-Englancl. 57 couregeinents, made Mr. Conant foon weary of his Employ- ment, and defirous to return, when he received Letters froin Mr. iVhite^ importing, that if his and his Companions Patience would laft a little longer, he would procure them a Patent^ and fend them over Friends, Goods, Proviiions, and all things neceflary for a Settlement. Upon which Mr. J^'j^ X-"/ iCmant (laid, and look'd out for a proper Place to build andci'ufet col fetde at. Mr. White^ according to his Promife, fo efFedually lony. folicited the Matter, that fever&l of his Friends purchafed a Patent of the Council of Plimouth, who had the general Grant of a great Part of this Continent, to Sir Henry Rof- L//, Sir John Toung^ Thomas Southcot, Efq; John Humphreys, l(iy John Endicot, Efqj and Simon lVhetco?nb^ Efq; for all hat Part of the Country that lies three Miles North of the iver Merrimack^ which falls into the Sea near Salisbury^ jke Ex'ent nd three Miles South oi Charles River, which falls into thcf"^^* ^^- ea near Bojion, at the Bottom of Majfachufet Bay. But'"'^* hefe Gentlemen took in others, fome of whom being Mer- hsnts of London^ and well acquainted with Shipping and rade, were more proper for this Enterprize than Country entlemen. To the firft Patentees were added Sir Richard'^f^^^^^' 'altonjial, Ifaac Johnfon^ Efqj Samuel Adderly^ Efq; John 'm, Kfq^ Matthew Craddock^ Efq- George Hamtnond^ Efq; )icreafe Nowel, Efq; Richard Perry y Efqj Richard Belling- m, Efq-, Nathaniel IVright^ Efq; Samuel Vajfal^ Efqj hcophilus Eatony Efqj Thomas Goff^ Efq; Thomas Adams, to rpreadRfq; John Browne^ Efq; Samuel Browne^ Efq; Thomas )f the hx^ltitchins^ Efq; WUliam Vajfal, Efq; William Pinchon^ Efq; mrge Foxcroft, Efq; moft of thele were Puritans. Mr. \n is the fame Man whom the Earl of Clarendon fpeaks f in his Hiftory, as leading the City of London after him in 'Mtus RemonJiranceSy &c. Mr. Fajfal is the fame Man horn Ruilnuorth fpeaks of, as ftrenuoufly oppofing the tyran- lous Collection of Tonnage and Poundage. He was Re- efentative in Parliament for the City of London. Ifaac 'ihnfon^ Efq; married, I guefs, fome Englijh or Scottijh Earl's laughter, his Wife being ftiled Lady Arabella. Sir Richard lionjitil was of a Baronet's Family in NorthamptonJItire. he Names of thofe additional Patentees were infer ted with e former in a new Charter or Patent, taken out the next ear for that Purpofe, dated the 4th of March, 1628. This new Company chofe Mattheiu Craddock, Efq; to be^*'*^*''^^ ch they dBovernor of the Colony they were about to eftabifli at the ^Efq^clvcr^ Ann^ im^ofachufts, and John Endicot, Elq; to be his Deputy. «o),* the MisbBitn they difpatch'd away ijnmediately, to relieve and hear- ^'^^"3,"'^'" other DiBnthe little Colony which Mr. Canant ftill kept there, 'm%p,Gover^ uragemeniH Expc6lation«ar. engers , mind g with " tly re- I ; and at your iTiftants Itandijl) Morton n'd his i aefy'a )or, and ' put by render'd d thence icil, who or indeed Plimouth^ c the In- prefaged Morton s, and at Behaviour Brnintrciy Fefs'dj that allotted to[ lut five inl itinuing iii iw free and fl, manyoj removinj Reveren^ who pro an Afylu:^ b Severitid Jonanty pro! lohn CorM\ hers, to i! ' " ' '' !■ ' ^M I ■:!■: ;,■ if; ;fc :4 ^'- ::1 ■ -i! m '\m <^^ ^8 7^^ mpory of New- England. Expedation of the Coining of their Friends. The People I that went with Mr. Endicot were but a poor Relief, moft of them fell fick of the Scurvy and other infectious DiftetnJ persj many of them died, and more would have dropp'd I ha3 not Dr. Fuller of Plimouth come feafonably to their Af. I fiftance, and ftaid with them the whole Winter, till their "fri9' Seafoning was pretty well over. This friendly Office was handfomly acknowledged by Mr. Endicot, in his Letter to I Governor Bradford from hieumkeaky now Salem, the Ind^iaA Name for the Place where they feated. The London Ad. I venturers making great Preparations for a numerous Embarka-I tion with feveral of the Patentees, had it early in theirl Thoughts to provide Minifters to be their Chaplains, and calll their Eyes on the Reverend Francis Higgivfon, M. A. thel filenced Minifter of Lcicefter, and the Reverend Mr. ^amm Skelton, a filenced Minifter of Lincolnjhire, Men of excellentl Learning, Parts and Picry, The Fleet that carried over the Grand Colony, as it ui called, to diftinguifh it from the Lefs, tho' the elder one,a:l Plimouth^ conlifted of thefc Ships. Z"tGrjnd J-inh trl\itioa The George Bonaventure, of 20 Guns. The Talbot, of , . .20 Guns. The Lion^s IVhelp, of . The Mayjiower, of . The Four Sijicrs, of , The Pilgrim, of . . 8 Guns. Perhaps the fame that] 14, Guns. carry 'd over tli 14 Guns. fir ft Planters. 4. Guns. C'lnrih ferutijt Aboard thefe Ships embark'd about 350 Paffengers, Mei^ Women and Children, with 1 1 5 Head of neat Cattle, fuchs Horfes, Mares, Cows, U'c. 4.1 Goats, fome Conies, andaj other NecefiTaries; as alfo 6 Pieces of Cannon, Stores 0) Arms and Powder, Drums and Colours, for the ufe of th( Militia that was to be, and which foon enough was wante This Fleet failed from the Ifle of fVight May the ift, andi rived at Neumkeak, nov/ Salem, the 24th of "June. Whatever is the Occafion of it, whether it is that the Del fire or Pradtice of Liberty is ftronger in Englijhmen than otha Nations, and this drives them too often to LicentioufnelJ which they miftake for Liberty ; but fo it happen'd, that 1 fooncr was thefe new Comers fettled a little in this Countrl and had come to an Agreement with the Colony of P//ww//;j the Affair of Religion, which was determined to be intirej f/ Puritan, but fome of the laft Company obferving the M ^'^'^^''nifler did not ufe the Common-Prayer Book, they fetupj feparate Affcmbly according to the Ufage of the Church 5 Eniki People f, moft Diftem. iropp'd, heir Af< till theit ^e Hiflory of New-England. ' {Mland, At the Head of thefe were John Brown and 5^- fnud Brawn, the one a Merchant, the ocher a Lawyer, and 59 both Patentees. Mr. Endicot, the Governor, perceiving •■he Dillurbance that was like to arife by this early Divifion in the Infancy of the Colony. *" ■': for the two Brothers, and the two Minifters vindicated Jx way of Worfliip with very fice waiHiearonable and modcft Arguments j but the Brownes grow- etter toBiir^ ang*'y» ^"^ endeavouring to raife a Mutiny, were fent i3ck to England by the Return of the Ships which brought Ithem over. After this, the Colony had Peace among themfelves for salem huu [one time, having built many Houfes at Neumkeak^ as alfo a hurch, gave it the Name of Salem, about 8 Miles to the ^'oi'thward of Bojion, now Effex County. The next Year, a greater Fleet than the laft was provided ;;;i63o. r this Voyage by the London Adventurers, no lefs than lo " lail; and Mr. Craddack, the Governor, declining to go over Perfon, the Company made Choice of John Winthrop^l^^^^'^^': fq; to fucceed Jiim in the Government, and appointed Gnvfr«nr/^' Imas Dudley, Efq; to be his Deputy j a Man of more Ex- Thomas :rience and Eminence than Mr. Endkot, who was an honeft, Dudley, £% ell-meaning Man, but not of Genius and Vigour fufficient J^, ^'''''*'^' ir the orderly Management of People who, as may be en by the Brownes, were not the moft manageable. Mr. 'inthrop was the Son of Jdam fVtnthrop, Efq; of Grotan in ''ilk, where he ferved as Juftice of the Peace before he as 20 Years old, having been bred to the Law. He fold Eftate, (J or 700/. a Year, and turned it into proper Ma- ials for the Service of this Plantation. Thomas Dudley, [q; was born at Northampton, and intended alfo for the w; but was diverted from his Study by a Commiffion ich Queen Elizabeth gave him to command a Company Foot in the Service of Henry IV. of France, which being an End by a Peace between France and Spain, he return'd e Indian ndon Ad' L,mbarka in their and caft I. A. the r. Samwi excellent ', as it isl er one, at e famethtl over tl nters. |gers, Mea ;tle,fuch3 lies, and all Stores ol ufe of thl 'as wante ft, andi ime, and by his Converfation with the very religious, Irned and approved Mr. Dodd, the Gofpel Minifter., he ^at the DeBcame a ftrift Puritan, which obliged him to quit his Em- than othByment as Steward to the Earl of Lincoln, in which he was ^ntioufneflt eafy as to his Confcience, on account of Conformity ; I'd, that iB this was the Reafon of his embarking in this Fleet for lis QomMpV'England. [PlimmthWp^'iQ firft Winter after the Arrival of Mr. Endlcoth Colony be intireBved fatal, for it carried off above 100 of the Company ; la the mB doleful Accounts are given in of the Sicklinefs of the Co- \ey fet uply when thefe new Planters came to it, which muft be Church Balion'd for want of being cleared only, fince the Cli- EniliM mate ■A )•!'- 'm ri i-rr 'r. ^iJi. •■f' m ; ■'!■ KX ih m mth 1 »' A: ■1 % 1 , . I ii «< i I- "m w m f S'' ' *. mi Hi' ■mm r 7)i)VC Sits. Char'rs- 6o Tlie H'ljlory of New-England. mate and the Voyage have had no fuch ill EfFedts on thofe that fail'd thithsrand fettled there in our times. Among the Deceafed was Mr. Higginfon the Minilter, who left two Sons behind him, the younger of whom the Revetcnd Mr. "John Higginfon^ was Minifter of Salem when the firft Edition of this Volume was publifli'd, 78 Years after the Death of | his Father, or thereabouts. vl^i\ ^^Ind '^^^ Admiral of the Fleet was about to fail to Jslew En^A other GuTie- land in the Ship call'd the Arabella^ from the Lady Johifon who, with her Husband, were aboard her. With thefe em. bark'd Sir Richard Saltonjial, John Ven^ Efqj TheophiM Eaton^ Efqi feveral other Gentlemen, and about 200 Paflen- gers, who were forced out of their native Country by the I Pcrfccution. They arrived at Sakm^ in a very fickly Condition, in JulA The Lady Arabella died foon after they came afhore, and her Husband, Mr. 7<'^;«/^»7, followed her within a Month. Thel Planters divided themfelves into two Bodies, one fettled at a I Place which they call'd Charles Town, it being on GharliX River, creded and foim'd a Church, and chofe the Reverend! Mr. John IVilfon^ M. A. who came with them from £«^. landy to be their Part or. He was Son of Dr. PHlfon, Pre- bendary of St. Paul's, Rochejier and IVindfor. He had bceal Fellow of King's College, Cambridge, and Minifter of 8ui\ bury in Suffolk^ where he was outcd by Dr. Harfnet^ Bifiiop of Norwich, for Nonconformity. Another Body of thefe Planters fettled at a Place whiclJ they called Dorchcfter^ probably in Remembrance of thtj good Offices of Mr. IVhiie^ Minifter of that Borough England, They chofe the Reverend Mr. JVarcham^ thclil Pallor i but thcl'e Planters and their Minifters, upon a bettei Acquaintance with the Country, removed their Habitation! afterwards, and feated at other Places, more commodiojj for Shipping and Trade; for, as we fhalljfind hereafter, we have not found already, all the EtigUjh who tranfplantq themfelves to New-England did not come thither for till fake of Religion and Liberty of Confcience, but many can: for the Fi/d and the Furrs^ which, in thofe Days, foond enrirh'd thofe that dealt in them than they do now. I'he Indians^ growing, jealous of fo many Foreigners 1 mong ihetn, and being at firft much more numerous thai the Engli/hj the latter lived in fear,tho' they were well arm'j and had alfo Artillery. I do not fee there was much ReafJ for them to be fo afraid of the Savages, and that Terrj abi'^ed upon the Dcfolation which happen'd to their Neiglj hour Indians by the Small- Pox j tho' the Engii/h gave thd Darcheft.r. 7be Hl/Iory of Ncw-En^hn<\. 6i all the AfiTiftance they could, nine in ten of them died, and the refl: fled from uie Infe^'i^ion. 'Tis a fingular Inflance ofr/.'rfEpp,l''h die Equity and Humanity of our Puriian Planters, that not- ^^''"'^'''J,;^''" withftanding the Patent they had for the Country from thchfai.ns.' Crov/n of England^ yet they fairly purchafed of the Na- tives the feveral Trads of Land which they poflefs'd and planted, which cannot be {-M of the French at Canada^ nor j the Spaniards any where in the IVe/1-Indics^ nor perhaps of ahc Engli/h in other Parrs of America'^ but if any European Nation did really buy of the Indiatis^ who had the natural [Right of Inheritance to the Country they alienated by Sale, what an idle impudent Pradice would the Claim of the Spa- Wimh be ro fuch a Place, by virtue of the Pope's Donation, lor their firft forcible Entrance into it ? Towards the End of the Year, a Part of the Colony of \Charies-Toujn removed to a Pcmnfula, which lies in the very th. TheBBottom of Majpichujk-Qay, and is the moll commodioudy Jfituated for Commerce of any Place in the Country. Here |ihey built the Town of BOSTON, now the Metrop!ln^°^°^^'^- of Neiv-Englandy and the biggeft City of all the Britijh Em- pire in Jmerica. The next Year, feveral Ships and Paflengers arrived from i6;i» \r.ghnd^ among whom was the Reverend Mr. John Elliot^ [he Apoftle of the Indians. He had been educated at the Jniverfity of Cambridge, and was Alliftant to the learned Imd pious Mr. Thomas Hooker, Fellow of Emanuel-Colkgc, his noted Grammar-School at Badew, near Chelmsford, in l([ex, where he had been Ledturer, and filenced by the "ilhop of London, notwithftanding 47 neighbouring Qergy- en lign'd a Petition, teilifying, That Mr. Hooker was ortho- in DoSirine, hone/} and jober in his Life and Converfa- m, of a peaceable Difpofiiion, and no ways turbulent or •a'ms. Several of Mr. Elliotts Acquaintance, who were ellow-SufFerers with him in the Spiritual Court, agreed to go iver with him, or come after him to New-England. Mr, hikr was withdrawn to Holland from the Rage of the Kc- (fiajVtcal Rulers, and he and his Friends, being under the e OpprelTion, intended alfo to pafs into America, as he id two Years after. Mr. IVmthrop, Governor of the Maf- :bu/etSy and Mr. JVilfon, Minifter of Bojlon, travelled on ot the following Spring through the Woods as far as Pli- uth, 40 Miles, to fettle a Correfpondence between the Colonies. We fee, by their padding of it, that the ovcrnors of Provinces had not then Conveyance and Equi- ige for their Perfons, as fince they have had, tho' few ve been Gentlemen of more Diflindion for Birth and Charadler H5j3. 'i i- ■■-J -ill h F1^ ■- - •.-■ . wW 62 i:^ i M jJiV Chriflo- Gardiner arrives. T^e Tlifiory of New- England. Charader than Mr. Winthrop. About the fame time, ar. rived at Bojion Sir Chrijiopher Gardiner^ faid to be ol:' thg i Family of that proud and cruel Prelate, Stephen Gardiner^ in Queen Marfs Reign, who being himfelf a Baftard, thisi Chrijiopher^ who, ic leems, was a Knight of Malta^ and confequently, a Papift^ muft be of a collateral Brancli o'fl that Bifliop's Family. He brought over with him a handJ fome young Wench, whom he called his Coufin, as is com.| mon among the Bawds and Bullies in the lewd Parts of U^, don J and pietending to be a Puritan^ gave out, that beinjl weary of rambling, as he had done, over the greateft Par? of the World, he was come to NeW' England to fpend the! reft of his Days in Retirement ; but having been guilty ofl fome Mifdemeanors foon after his Arrival, he fled froml Juftice, and took Sanduary among the Indians near PlimQuA Colony. The Governor of the Majfachujets publifli'd J Proclamation, promifing a Reward to thofis that fhould ap.| prehend him ; upon which the Indians apply'd to the Go.! vernor of Plimouth^ and asked if they fhould kill him ? Hel faid, No ; but if they could take him alive, they ftouldl have the Reward. Accordingly they attack'd him ; but thj Knight defended himfelf fo refolutely, that they had mucli| ado to mafter him; which having done, after he had receiv'dl feveral Wounds, they carried him to PJimouth, where he wai put into a Surgeon's Hands, and when he could travel, fentj to the MaJfachufetSy and from thence to England^ wiiere, notwithftanding this was all the Punifhment inflidted on hin for his Enormities^ he compbined loudly of the arbitrary an tyrannical Proceedings of the Governor againft himfelf andl others, and joined with Sir FerdinaAdo Gorges, Capt. MA fon, &c. againft the Colonies in New-England. This Sij Ferdinando Gorges appears to be no good Friend to thefe h ritans, tho' one of the chief of the Council of Plimouti The Return of his Son and his Bifliop before-mentiona without Succefs, did not put him into a better Humod with them j and Morton's coming off with Impunity, m he had fo bafely betray'd the EngHJh, by teaching the Savag the ufe of thefe Arms, with which he fupply'd them, and after | moft daring and dangerous Mutiny, ftiews, that the Cound of Plimouth, of which this Sir Ferdinando Gorges, Govenid of that Town, was one of the chief, did not much afFei the Colonies in New- England, as well on Account of thd Independency, as their Religion. The Cafe of this Petidol was heard before the Privy- Council, who, inftead of favouj ing Sir Ferdinando Gorges, and his Friend, Sir ChrijioM Gardiner, publifli'd an Order for the Encouragement of t| Adventurers. ^ Jmi f Tie, ar. of the iner, in I rd, this! ■a, and, anch of I a hand- is com. i of IM' \at bein»| teft Part pend thel ' guilty oj led froml PlimouM iblidi'd jl liould ap.| D the Go-I himPHel ey Ihouldl I 'y butthtl had muchi id receiv'dl lerehewai ravel, fei «i, wher^ ;cd on bin T/je Hijlory of New-England. January 19, 1652. 63 Preient £,jr(J/(, Mr. Secretary JVindebank, In the Fleet which arrived from England the next fear, came three famous Puritan Divines, as the reverend nd learned Mr. John Cotton, B. D. Fellow of Emanuel- College, Cambridge, and Minifter of Bojhn in Lincoln- \\r(^ who was driven from his Church and paftoral pharge upon Information of a debauch'd Fellow of the fovvn, who, to be revenged of the Magiftrates for pu- (iihing him according to his Deferts, fwore that neither liey nor their Minifter, Mr. Cotton^ kneeled at the Lord's upper, nor obferved other Ceremonies. Mr. Cotton, to a- oid the cruel EfFedts of the high CommiJJion Tyranny, fecret- himfelf a while. Great Interceffion was made for him I Archbifliop Laud by the Earl of Dorfct and other noble ords. 163: lying of this great Peer be fufficient to give the Reader an "f** lea of the Spirit of the Perfecutors, and the Innocence and prefTion of the Perfecuted. With Mr. Cotton, who was [ofen Alfiftant to Mr. Wilfon, Minifter at BoJhn, cam? Mr. \mai Hooker, before-mention'd, who was eledled Minifter ■the Church at Newton, afterwards called Cambridge, 3 Newt n, or [ilcsfrom Bojion. Now alfo came over the reverend andf^-JJ^^""^^* [rned Mr. Samuel Stone, another Puritan Minifter ; and the ime of thefe Men fettling in NeW'England invited over limbers of Puritans to fupport their Interefts Spiritual and JEmporal, by the free Exercile of their Religion, and the ijoyment of good Lands and good Trade. iThe next Year, the Indians on the Borders of PU mouth iC^i^, )!ony, who were the Pequots, murdered feveral Englijh, [ticuUrly Capt. Stone and Capt. Norton, who failing in a pll Bark from New-England towards Virginia, turned up meSiicut-'R.iy&c, where in the Night the Savages got aboard Tht Indians [Bark, furprized and murdered Stone as he lay aileep in his ^'"''f'^y** Din- but iVor/o« got into the Cook-Room, and bravely de- '^" ded himfelf, till the Powder which he had fet before him kn open VelTel blew up, and put out his Eyes, after which was killed, with the reft of his Crew, being fix Men. This «:ii>JI^'§ •^^ \ I ■ I. .!''.' 64 rl m -i '■' I '<' f-ll I Capt> Stone miudir'd. W fke Hijlory ^/New-England. This Outrage was, doubtlcrjj^ ^^^^.y y^^^ jjj ^yj proceed in it. This S«. tlemcnt was become the more neceflkry, bccaufe the P^y^j/ Indians began to grow very infoient and troublefom, and the building a Town and Fort on that River would make a good Frontier on that Side. Agents were fent to view the Country, who made fuch an advantageous Report of the FruitfulneU I of the Soil, and Largenefs of the River, as made many of the Planters of Newton, DorcheJh>\ IVaterton and RoxburytA tertain Thoughts of tranfpianting themfclves thither, being already ftrcighten'd for Room where they were. Mr. HookirA JMinifter oi Newtcny put himfclf at the Head of thefe new Ail venturers, about lOo in Number, who fet out in the Mon!h| of July, and travelling on Foot with their Children and gage 9 or lo Miles n Day, came in lo or if Days to thcj Banks of the River, where they pitch'd, and began a Town,! which they called Hartford. After the.'c came anothcrl wn'!f'.rr«^ Draught from Dorchcjhr, who built a little Town, whicj Weathers- t'.ley Called IVindJor, A third Detachment from IFaurUt built JVeathenfield ; and a fourth from Roxbury, built Spring fields in Hampjhire County, the three former Towns bein in Hartford County. The Towns the Planters firft built ( this River were 50 and 60 Miles from its Mouth, accordii^ to Mr. Neal, who writes, that the Ship freighted with Pro vifions for thefe Planters at the Ma[fachu(cts came fo lateij the Year, that it was frozen up ct the Mouth of it 60 Mik from the Plantation. Upon which many of thefe new Adj venturers travelled back in the Depth of Winter, and otha who attempted it, were frozen to Death. The CalamiiiJ and Misfortunes which attended them are fuch as all Settlements are liable to j tho' it muft be confeffed, that, fome Inftances, thefe firft Comers did not ad with due Prj caution and Preparation. Thofe that had Courage to till the Spring carried on their Plantations with fuch Succ that they were not only in a Capacity of fubfifting tha fclves, but of making Head againft their Enemies. Theyl & fort of Commiflion from the Government of the i%i ihuftt'Biy ; but finding they had extended their Plantad beyond the Limits of that Colony, they agreed upon a Fa of Government among themfelves, the true and natt Origin and Ufeof all Government. They enter'd into a j tary AfTociation to obey the Laws that iliould be madej proper Pcrfons for the common Good, and chofc Ek Hopkim^ Efqj their Governorj and in cliis Situation I Km »6j6. I- opkins. Ejif, G'tvtr nor of Con- ^he Hi /lory of New-Enf^land. 67 rcmain'd, as to Conftitution, till John fVinthrop^ Junior, Efqj obfain'd an ample Charter for them from King Charles II. This Settlement was fcarcc well fix'cl before George Fen- viid'i E^<1J was fent to Nav-EngLiml^ on Account of fcveral Pcrlbns of Quality in the F wit an Intcrcft, who were made fo uncaly at home, umier the Adminiftration of Archbifhop laud^ that they rcfolvcd to feek Liberty and Eafc in the Wilds and Wildernencs of Anuria. The Lord Vifcount Soy and S^tf/and the Lord Ihooh, two Heads of the Puritan Party, I held Lands on this River, by Virtue of a Grant from the Karl of /r<^?rM//V;f , another Puritan, who had a Parent from the King for all that Part o'^ the Country, evt ending from the River Narragantfet, 40 Leagues in a ftraight Line, near the Utii-Sborey towards f^irginia, as all the Continent, South of \}JeW' England y was then called, as tar as Florida The Earl IVanvick affign'd his Grant to thofe two Lords Brooke znA VRoj, Charles Fiennes, Efqj Brother to the Lord Say, Sir Na- Maniil Rich, of the l^arwick Family, Sir Richard Saltonjfal^ Wchard Knighiley, Efq; Son of Sir Richard Knightley, the atnous Puritan in Queen EUxaheth^s Reign, John Pyra^ Efq- John Hampden, Efq; Herbert Pelham, Efq; Names ^'ell known among the Lovers and AfTertors of Liberty in jthofe times of OpprelTion ; and one cannot doubt but thefe Lords and Gentlemen furnifhed themfelves with this Patent y Propriety to have a Place of Retreat from the Star-Cham- hr^ High CommiJJion Courts and all the Illegalities and Hard- hips, which, not long after, involved the Nation in Civil Mr. Femuick feated himfclf at the Mouth of the River, saybrook nd built a Town, which he called Saybrook, in which be 'wisbniit. [flifted by Mr. ff^nthrcp, Jun. Son of the Governor of the iajfachufets. But the honourable Gentlemen, for whom Ir. Fenwick adled, probably finding Matters growing more I a Head at home, and forcfeeing they fhould be more ufe- bl there for their Country and their Caufc, gave over the pgn of /emoving to Neiu-England, and authorized Mr. hmuick to difpofe of their Lands to the Colony of Conne^i- k who were the more willing to buy them, becaufe they jdnootherTitletotheir Plantations without the Limits of the iajfachufets Patent than what Pofleflion gave them; and truly [do not fee how a Charter from King Charles gave them a ptter Title than pofleffing and v planting a Territory, which no more his than theirs by Inheritance or Purchafe. [The younger JVinthrop, who had been Affiflant to Mr. miuiik while he ftaid m New- England, had a Grant of a piderablc Part of the Lands in the Earl of fFarwid's Pa- F a tent 1^35. •. k w imf0 m fy ■•*i 6a JL^rli and (rfitffftltn int-uti to rc- nnve to' Kew-Eng- Und, 'ti TLe Ilijlory of Ncw-Engknd. % tent, and intended to fettle there ; but being unwilling to hin. dcr ihc new Colony, he made no ufc of it, a furc Sign th« he came cheaply by it, or that the Difficulties and Kxpciicci in new Mantatif»ns made the Soil ot very little Valuu. As to the State of Religion in New- England^ I fluH not meddle with it, where the Civil Tranfa(5lions are now fo niixd wtth it that there's no parting them. Dr. Mather and Mr. Neul have cxhauftcd that Subject in their two large Hi,lo! iiczoi Ntw- England. The I lonourable Perfbns juft now mention 'd havin;i, by their procuring the Patent for Lands, dilcovcr'd their Indi. nations to quit Old-England and remove to NeWy the Court began to conceive Umbrage, and take the Alarm at fuch aDc- fertion ^ cfpccially upon a Report that Sir Mattheuj Bopun Sir fyilliaf/tCs/i/lahle^ Sir Arthur H(^i/higg, and Oliver Crcm- tvi'lli Ek]; were adtuJly preparing to embark for Amtrica\ and no doubt ihe Lords and Gentlemen nam'd in the Patent, were come to the fame Rclblution, till the Tyranny that dn^j them to if, compell'd them to give it over. To this h. out comes a Proclamation, as ridiculoufly worded as cv(t wai State Pnper, that part under the Pens of Bigots^ % re Iraki the dijordctly Tranfporting his Ma jelly's Subje^Sy that is, ihe Embarkation of the moft orderly Perfons in the KiiigdomJ withdrawing from the Rage and Rapine of the moft dili derly, fuch as the whole Herd of Officers cmploy'd the Spiritual and Secular Arm, againll the moft: religioi and peaceable Protclhrs in the Nation; Vv'hich the wifij Heads that drew the ruclamation term'd Idle and Refra&. Hunmirs, They might a; aptly havecall'd them Drunken m InceJlucuSy whofe principal End was to live zuithout the Rati of Authority ; they were not honeft enough to fay without ti reach of High Commijjion^ and Spiritual Courts^ which was truth of the Matter, and therefore falfely aflert, their Defij was to live without Law, according to their Lufts and Inti efts. Nay, this was not enough to reftrain the going ofFi the Puritans : Bifhop Laud and his Brethren procur'd an Or; to the Lord Treafurer, at that time a B''. ^p Tr take fptti t*,id effeclual Courfe for ^he Stay of 8 Slvl '''the Rv' of Thames, preparing to go/or New-En^^ . -j u.j't/or putti tn Land all the Pajfengers and Provijions therein intendd^ the Voyage. V7ere our Anceftors fo ftupid as not to concei w'-'it the Iflue of fuch tyrannical Proceedings would be? V'ond-'- .(Ot at fhe Stupidity of the Perfccutors, blindi wifh falfe Zeal, but the more foberPart of the King( cou J not but be feaQble, ..hat Biihop Laud and his Brcthri Managemi .Vfanagcment ing: They p ell Divines wt. nicSf wh-ifrequ, inhons^ wroni: oftlie Stuart' nf^l^c Publick ration Abroad. ii^Hhout the App ihi Rp. of r.om iHoivevcr fo ma felvesto Mcw-L ffnck'd the Bay Kfq; a nore(< M " D. V, [v ) \vi Iht'tj i ondoiy ciiT' b 'V in '" '"'.me tin;c tf: t(^, here was no ind being inform miei'/uut Kivt rertain them lurchas'd of the iver and Ncw-Yi. jated themfelve luilt Newhaven^ 'overnmenr, wer hmfordy and 5; W. They alfo vera! Settlemen ley fettled. But ^chufct Jurifdidli 'i'lsto their Lai 'hoonlycou'd g '.tii own, that fign'd them by ito t. voi'jnrary A 'Laws and R what need they ilefs tliey were km reft where t ^ ty from them em their Propei is Colony were 'ly'd themfelves •vemor, Tbeopk nn%^ by ir Incli. \e Court ch alJc. f r Crm- /Irnem, e Pitcnt, hat (ir we this Erl > cvcx wai bat is,iW KitigdomJ loll dil'c: ploy'd I religioi :h the wifi Refraa runken m t the Rm ^wuhouu't ch was jeir Defi and Inti [oing off d an On take jptti r the'Rv'l for putt intendd conceii )uldbe?| Irs, blindj 77je Hiflory of New-England. • 69 Management cou'd not pafs ovci 'a ithouc a Day of Reckon- ing : They procur'd an Order to the Lord Adir.iral lojiep gll Divines who did n?t conform to Kpifcopacy (ind Ceremo- nies ivb") frequently tronfforted thtmf,lvei /i bis Xtajfji/s Plan" \nmnu wrongfully focallcd, for moftccrr.in it is rh.it not one of the Stunr/' Kings had N";ivigation. Trade, aiT^ 'Iv Good of»^c PubHck, fo much at Heart, a^ to hav^ m Rn^J>jh Phn- tatioii Abroad. NoChr^ymenJljoulJl)/' fuffcred t ''-> Jhood vj'tlmt the Approbation of the Lords, Jt'th-Bp. Laud, a»id thi Bp. of r.ondon. J^et the Reader rcmiirk for himfelf. However fo many Puritans found Means to traniport thcm-» (iWef^w Ncw-Engf/jid, intheSummcr 1^57, that they 0. ''-•1637. ftnck'd the Bay: The chief I cadcrs were T/ho^ hilm Eat<."^ [Efq; a noted l\* chant of London^ and Mr. John- Diwrnport^ D. v.!v) as ♦''Tc'd to quit his Church of Coleman- ijn'^t, iondo'ty and wididraw to fhllandy from whence 'C.itr' b' "'<' in Difguife and took Ship for AV?r-/i«^/cv///, ac : '"ime tin ;c that Mr. Eaton did. Thcfc Gentlemen find- , here was not room enough for them at the MnJfachiifdSy idbeing iiifbrm'd of a large Bay to the South-Weft of onneNicut River commodious for Trade, and ca[).iblc to rcrtain them and thofe that were to follow them, urchas'd of the Natives all the Land that lieb between that iverand Ncw-To^k^ or Hudfon River. Thither th?y rcmov'd, ated themfelves in the Bay ovei .gainft /.;«::- i/^'7^;;^, ^"^Mewhave* uilt Newhaven^ from whence that Colony, Province anu Cohny. overnmenr, were fo denominated ; as alfo GuiUfrd^ Milford, tamfordy and Brainfcrd, which I fuppofc fhould bo Brent- \rd. They alfo went over to Long-Ijhnd^ and made there veral Settlements, ereding Churches in all Places where ey fettled. But being without the Limits of the Alaf- cbufct Jurifdidion, they had no Charter and no other itis to their Lands than what they had from the Native?, ho only cou'd give them a juft Title to them ; and 1 mull eds own, that having an honeft Right to their PoflcfTions ign'd them by the orig.inal Owners of them, and cntring tOi>. vol'jnrary AfTociatic; 1, to fupport their Body Politick ' . Laws and Regulations of their own making, I do not what need they had to trouble themft-ivcs about a Charter, efs they were afraid that their Perfecutors would not let em reft where they were ; but as they had taken their Li- ly from them in O.'d-E'^giand, fo they would take from em their Property in he-'v. The Men who fettled in s Colony were generally Londoners and Merchants, who ly'd themfelves at fi-rft to Trade, after the Example of their e^^^^'^ '^*- vemor, Tbeo^hilus Eaion, Lfq, who had been an Eaft-Guwr,!.r,^^* F 3 Country ! J y^ ! ' (■■ Kew Hamp fhlr." and Main Go- fer/fnjen:. 1%e Hi/lory «/- ]nlj Child to the EngiiHi, wijhing it might know more ofjcfus^'""^' than lis poor Father had done. When the Englijh had left this Place Saffacus with 300 |Men fell upon their Rear, which oblig'd them to march in Iclofe Order, and to retreat fighting for almoft 6 Miles toge- Ither. The Savages however took Care to keep pretty much out of the reach of their Bullets ; and when they law them pafs the narrow Paflage, where they hop'd to get fome Ad- vantage over them, they retired, and Captain Ma/on and his Men recurn'd home in Safety. About a Fortnight after the Mafachufet Forces arriv'd in ^zPequot Harbour, -^nd the Colony oi Conne£licut fent Capt. hj'r,n with 40 ivien and fome Voluntiers to join them. hij'acus's Men having mutinied againft him, and abandoned fer Fort, were difpers'd in fmall Parties, refolving to fhift Jvery one for himfelf, which made it necellary for the Englijh [0 Icour the Woods in Parties alfo, to prevent their gather- ^ together in a Body again. Several of the Pequots werekill'd nd taken Prifoners by the Englijh^ who cut off the Heads of |ffo Sachems, and gave a third his Life, upon Condition he hould find out Sajfacus^ and inform them where he was. He bund him ; but Sajfacus fufpeding his Errand as foon as his |?as gone fled to the Maquas^ or Mohocks^ one of tiie Indian tons, whofe King with 4 other Kings or Sachems, were in Xniland in Queen Annh Reign, ^and I was (hewn the Sachena (fthe Maqnas., with his Brother Sachems, at the Houfe were hey were lodg'd in Covent-Garden. He was the moll remark- ble, becaufe the Maquas or Mohocks were the moft talk'd of ' any of thofe Indian Nations. The EngUJJ) in their Scour tet with a Body of 80 Indian Men, and 200 Women and pildren, who flipt into a Swamp, where the Englijh could ot ealily come at themj but having furrounded it, the Sa- bges muft have been (hot or ftarv'd to death, had not a kick Fog given the Men an Opportunity to get off through he Bullies, which were well known to them, and the ^men furrendered. Several of the Men that got off were af- ^iwards kiird in the Purfuit, and many of them were found ndin the Woods of the Woi^nds they had received. The Prifonersi '^1 1<' '•!<•• V, ■■ I < -' -.fi' lit r.'V »' ; » ^4 ^^ Uijiory of New-England. PriToners, about 1 80, were divided, fome to the Conne^icm Colony, and the reft to Majpuhufeti : The Male Children Were fent away to Btrmudas^ and the Women and Girls dif. pers'd up and down in feveral Towns. , Among the Alfa, clufet Prifoners were the Wife and Children ot an Indian S«"/!7P*''"C^i Hie was the Woman that fav'd the Lives of the two an ind.aa We'thersfidd Maids before mcntion'd : Her Countenance and trhise^u Behaviour were very modeft. Her firil Requcft was, thai they would not abuje her Body, nor take her Children from hir. If this Woman was a Barbarian, what are the Wretches thati ply nightly in our Streets, to abufe and be abus'd ? The i Miiquas^ at the Requeft of the Ntirramntfets^ cut off the Head o{ SaJJacus, and his Country became a Province of the Ertglijh, who appointed the Governor of it, and difpos'd ofl the Lands as they thought fit. Thefe Lands are the only f The Psqiiots Property which they enjoy'd in iVriy-^w^/t?^^ wichoat Pur- ftbjened bj chafe from the Indian Proprietors, and the Pequots being the t e ai i(h. Aggfeffors in the Rupture, the EngUJh^ who conquered themj had certainly an inconteltable Right to their Country. It is thought that near 8 co of them periflied in this fliort War. Thofel that remain'd alive, at the end of it, fled into dillant Parts, or| fubmitted themfelves to the Mercy of the Conquerors, who di- vided them between the Narragantfets and the Mohegm, onl the Borders of New-Tork, whole Sachem had prov'd a veryl faithful Ally. While the military Men of the Colonies were thus fuccefs-i Ttfer; Ifhil of one of the « The Cc " that they " Mechanic! '* made agair " were forc'( *' of a Riot ; " Governor ; *' procur'd a I " with a Defij '*' whereby th( " Courfe havi '" but when th I" made a {hi Uhrop, yetfu Faction am jeants, who/^ iiid down i\ ' however, Jik( ' Behaviour at ' up the Hal be fettled m his 1 of his DifpJea( " the Pequots w count, becau fully employ'd againft the Pequots^ the Peace of the CommonJB' under a Cc wealth was fliamcfully broken, by certain crackt-brain'd Pre tenders to Gifts, Graces, and Revelations, &c. Soroecoi bated in their Preachments and Difputes for the Covenant fVorksy fome for the Covenant of Grafe,2nd that fo ferventlfi that the very Being of the Settlements was much more dangered by it thari by the Pequot War. 'Tis a fhameK Religion and Reafon, to find fuch a Mixture of Frenzy a Folly, in the Pradtices of Perfons prpfefling the Chrifti Faitn, in the Truth and Purity of the Gofpel. One Mi , Hutchlnfon, who came from Lincoln/hire^ Cotton^ and one another inl ore Healing, xf the Hi/lory o/" New-England. fS refer ; I fliall only give fome Hints of the Fadls, in the Words I of one of them. " The Colony of Plimouth was infefted to fuch a Degree, |« that they ftarv'd away all their old Minifters, and fet up " Mechanicks in their Room. There was fuch an Interelt '' made againll the next Election of Magiftrates, that they " were forc'd to adjourn the Court to New-Town, for feaf U of a Riot ; the Fadion try'dall Methods to keep their old |»' Governor p^ane, who was for the Covenant of Grace. They I'' procur'd a Petition to the Court on the very Day of Eleftion, j« with a Defign to hinder their Proceedings to anew Choice, |«' whereby the Time of Elc^ion being pafV, they would of j« Courfe have i:ept in their Governor Vane another Yearj a Sedition. I" but when they cou'd not obtain this, and the fober Party r' made a (hift to carry the Election for General IVin- V throp, yet fuch was the Influence of the Covenant of Grace Some fir the V Fadiion among the inferior Ofticers, that the Ser- ^"^"""'^ •/ jeants, whofe Place it is to attend the new Governor, ' liid down their Halberts and would not adt j the Governor f however, like a wife Man, took no farther Notice of their r Behaviour at prefent, than to order his own Servants to take ■' up the Halberts and march before him ; but when he was fettled in his Government, he made them feel the Weight of his Difpleafure. Nay, the march of the Forces againft [' the Pequots was retarded by thefe Men upon this very Ac- count, becaufe the Officers and Soldiers were too much under a Covenant oflVorks,'* which, without quibbling, we^g„,gf^^ ^^^ pay fay was at that time efpecially their Duty. I may very Covenant •/ fily run into Error here, for I am in a State of Darknefs as'^"'*'* , thefe two Covenants in the different Explanations of them, nd the People's going together by the Ears on one fide, and be other, is the greateft Farce that ever was play'd out of the hlian Theatre. The two Minifters ofBoJlon were involved in this Conteft, ^well as their Flocks. Mr, Cotton was on the ftrongefl Side, at of the Magiftrates; Mr. IVheelwright was on the fide of |e Covenant of Grace. As a Remedy to this Evil a FaJI kd been appointed ; and had it been ftridly obferved for fome [itne, without warming their Blood ftill more by oppofite wotions, I believe it would have had a better EfFedt; real [intinu'd and fimple Fafting, being in my Opinion the befl: are in the World for Difeafes both of Mind ind Body. |r. Cotton, and Mr. Wheelwright, preach'd diredly contrary one another in their Faft Sermons. The former's was the ore Healing. The latter laid that the AkgiJIreus and the Mi- nijien m % -hi ■■''! , w '111 I'l f t Jit 76 ^^ Hi/lory of New-England. j1 New- n'l/iers too walk* d in fuch a way, as was no better than a Cnit. nant oflVorks. lam Joth to ule the term Antinomians : It jj too technical^ or too much Cant, for the Gravity of Hiflory. But the Reader cannot have a clear Idea of thcfe Things with. cue it. Thus it appears that Mr. Wlieelvjr'tght was an An\\. nomian or for the Covenant of Grace \ and his Party wasfoi let againft Mr. Cotton, that one of them fent him a Prefentof "a Pound of Candles, bidding his Servant tell him it was becau^i he wanted Light. At laft a Synod was call'd, a Meeting of ./ni"'f%/.««' ^^^ the Minifters and fome Lay-Deputies ofthefeveral ConJ *d, gregations or Churches, whofe Bufmefs was'and is ftill to de- bate and determine the feveral Matters that are brought be- fore them, and thus to prefentthem to their feveral Churches! for their Approbation. No Synod is allowed a Power to pafs Church Cenfures upon Perfons, or put forth any A<^of Authority, Ji?ri{di Perfons, were nurder'd by the Savages: Which fliewsus, that they did not fell on the Englijh as llich only, but as Foreigners and Intru- lers, the Dutch meeting with the like Treatment. CHAP. II. \.v^ . (, < '■. \K ■■■ 'tp ;rom the End of the Pequot War, and the Founding of the Univerfity^ to the Second ' Indian or King Philip's War. Containing the (pace of 37 Years. ■A ■,' *i '■■"i> I X or feven Years before the End of the Pequot War, rue Uuivtr- therewas a Defign to eredl a School, for the Education-^JJ'''^ ^*°** [Youth in ufefui Learning at New-Tonvn, about 6 Miles y;^,,^^^ Dili Bojkn. The General Court of the Colony, advanc'd [>ol. towards it, in 1630, but the Sum not being fufficient, the Indian War, and Differences among themfelves di- ning them from the farther Confideration of it, that Defign I flept f%,^ I ■ rSf 78 1638. 7fje Hi/lory of New-England. flept till the Year i^J^S, when the Re/d. Mr. John Hatvari, I Minifter of Charlec-Towrf^ lately come from England^ depart- ing this Life, bequeathed almoll 800 1. towards the carryip) on the Work, tor the Management of which a Committee was chofen. Encouragement was given it by the other Cclo. nies, and private Perfons contributed liberally towards it, The College being built was, in honour of their principal Harvard Co/. Benefadtor, call'd //.:;r«/drton^ and by the Advice of the Governor Lf the Mnjfa^hufets^ eredled themfelves into a Ovil Govern- Iment, which being now annexed to that of Nnv York^ mud |be Ipoken of >igain v^hen we come to that Province, wliich Ithe Dutch firft enter'd upon ^ but not having |.'urchas'd the iPropriery of Lo/T^-^/rv/?^ of the Natives, as the New-England Colony did, the latrer had doubtlefs the beft Right to it. As the Earl of Sterling^ Grant tram King James the Firft, I lippofe the Lyn People gave little for it. for it cou'd not be orth much more than the Patcbment on which it v/as writ- len. I muft confefs I have no great Opinion of any Grants of a Country that never was heard of before, by the Prince khat grants it, unlefs he was at the Charge of polTeiTing, planting, and defending it. The next Year 1641, Maffajfoh An Indian Sachem, x54i« lind his Son Novananiy . ne to Plimouthy to confirm the Dcient League between th^ Englijh and his Indians^ and that League was extended to a new one, defenfive and oflenfive etween the two Nations. *Tis obvious that the Colonies of Hew- England, who were now able to arm 2 or 5000 Men, vere and wou'd not haveJbeen m the leaft Danger of Expul- bon by the Savages, unaffifted by the French, but on the [ontrary, that the Indians might eafily have been extirpated lythe Englijh,h&d their Confciences and their Intereft fo di- hd them. This Year the Rupture between Charles the Firft, and the vo Houfes of Parliament, began in England, and the irchbiftiop of Canterbury felt the full Weight of the Par- ament's Difpl'iafiire, The Revd. Mr. Necl obfcrves, Certainly never was a Country more oblig'd to a Man, than NeiV'England was to Archbifliop Laud^ who, by his arbitrary Proceedings, drove Thoufands of Families out of the Kingdom, and thereby ftock'd the Plantations with Inhabitants, in the Compafs of a very few Years j the Puritans went not to Virginia 01 Maryland, and no Ither Englijh Colonics were then on the Continent. Thefe Thoufands of Families confirm the Computation of the t;^/i/i(> Inhabitants there to be now 240125,000, of which ne may fuppoic near the third Part to be Men able to bear fitk)^ it not being Co practicable and profitable for old Men, Women, ('' i -^ &-'^ :l ^ M ne Hi/lory of New-England. Sprtihfs In J'arliam/'nt S^n^dom, 80 Nnmherof Womcn, and Children, to partake in fuch Adventures, as the ^JtrrT\hir y^""i5» ^rong» and aw, whofi Genius and Spirit would have fhin'd in a Roman Senate^ with the Cato*s znd Cicero^s, in his Speech at the Bar of th Houfe of Lords, when he carry'd up the Impeachment 1 the Archibfliop faid. You have the King's loyal Suhje^s banijhii out of the Kingdom, not as Elimelecb, lofeek for Bread in jh reign Countries, by Reafin ofthegre it Scarcity there was in I| rael, but travelling abroad for the Bread of Life, becaujtm could not have it at home, by Reafon of the Spiritual faminti God's Word, caufed by this Man and his Partakers : AA by this means you have the Indujlry of many Thoufands of I Majejifs SubjeHs carry'd out of the Land, But left 0!j jedtions may be made againlt the Sentiments of thefe noU Oratoii i TZ*^ ////?(7ry o/* New-England. If P(3fflrs, as being Parllamentariansy we will report the Judg- niciu oHi) Loyal a Pcribn, that he was excepted out ot all the Parliament's offers of Pardon to Delinquents^ i mean the Lord /)/'/')', who complain'd that Alen of the beji Conjiience wen I ^l-.ln ready to fly into the IVildernefs for Rdigion. Mr. Pym in liij Speech having mention'd the lofs to the Nation, by the I ]q1s of the Induftry of fo many ihoufands of People, and the Famine of the Gofpel by the Banifhment of thofe Preachers, whom the Lord Dlgby term'd Men of the beft Confcience, I will after Mr. Dumnur, be more particular in the Proof of Ithc Nation's loOes, Spiritual and Temporal, J*;; ^^jj;;'' ThePalTageof the PJanters, their Families ? nd Moveables," S The Tranfportation of Cattle, / think the Price ought not to be rechrCd^ for that \)i\ Money in the Pockets of thofe thatjhiid at home. Materials for their firft Cottages, &c. Arms, Ammunition,, and Artillery, Provifions of all Kinds. f-4.:«^i 1. 95,000 12,000. r.i/ Lo\i to E Mr. Skeiton, ; Mr. RaJj»h Sn y^r Smith, at Mr. Samuel S\ Mr. Richard S ^'Jr. WilJiam 1 ^^- Waltham, Mr. Nath. Wj Mr. John War] Mr. Weld, at Mr. Wheelwrig Mr. Whitfield, Mr. Samuel Wl Mr. John Wilfo Mr Witherel, s Mr, William W^ Mr. Young, at [Studiints in Old P. Mr. Samuel Arnc Mr^ John BiUop, , Mr. Edward Buifc ' Mr. Carter, of / l^'-. >rancisDear Mr. James Fitch, Mr. Hunford, of M/^JohnHiggin Mr. Hougl), of J, f^'-. James, of £\ ff-. Roger Newtc i/r. Thomas Thac Hf-MnSherma, ff- ?f"janiin Wo J ^r. John Sams, ' p»^^JobnBuikely. fh Uiflory <>/ New-England. 83 M-. Phiif^, at Dedham. J^r Abraham Picrfon, at Southampton. Mr. Peter Prudden, at MdJ'nd, j^Ir. Reyner, at Pli mouth, Mr. Ezek. Rogers^ at Rowh, Mr. Nath. Rogers, at Ipfw'uh, Mr. Saxton. at Scituate. j/r. Thofiias Shepherd, at Camhridgi, Mr. Zach. Symmes, at Charles-Town, Mr. Skelton, at 5. Sal cm. Mr. Ral|>h Smith, at Plimmtth. Mr. Smith, at ff^eathersjieid. Mr. Samuel Stone, at Hertford, Mr. Richard Street, at Newhaven. Mr. William Thomplbn, at Braintree^ Mr. Walcham, at Marhlehead. Mr. Nath. Ward, at Ipfwich: Mr. John Warham, at tVindJor, Mr. Weld, at Roxbury. Mr. Wheelwright, at Salisbury, Mr. Whitfield, at Guildford. Mr. Samuel Why ting, at Lynne, Mr. John Wilfon, at Befton, Mr. Witherel, at Scituate. Mr, William Worcefter, at Salhbury, > Mr. Young, at Southeld. In all 77 Students in Old Fnglandy who became Minifters in Kew. Studnti in ' Old-l-nr,- yl/r. Samuel Arnold, of Marflfeld^ yJini'nNtw* Mr. John Billiop, of Stamford. Mr. Fxlward Bulkely, of Concord, Mr. Carter, of IVolurn. Mr. Francis Dean, of Andover, Mr. James Fitch, of Norwich.. Mr. Hunford, of Norivalk. Mr. John Higginfon, of Salem. j Mr. Hough, of Reading. j Mr. James, of Eajihampton. \Mr. Roger Newton, of Mi If or d. U/r. Thomas Thacher, of 5^o«. 1 \Mr. John Sherman, of IVater-Town. \Mr. Benjamin Woodbridge, of Newbury^i .; I iWr. John Sams, ' ''" |iJ/r. John Bulkely. G a Not- i.'f; ■i.^ t ( ; , 84 The mjlory of New-England. Notwithftanding that the Englijh Planters in New-England declared it was their firfl: and principal Defign in coming thi! ther to propagate the Gofpel, yet as foon as the Puritans pre. vail'd in the Parliament and the Power of the Kingdom was ill their Hands, the principal Perfons and Miniilers in New. England thought fi| to leave the propagation of the Gofpel to others, and return to England to propagate their own In. terefts. There was no want of Minifters in Old-England- thefe Reverend Divines had put their Hand to the Plough in New^England-y I do not fee any Call they had to leave their Flocks that had followed them thither, for the fake of larger Fleeces. Gentlemen and Minl/lers that return d to England when tk Parliament had the Power. Edward Winjlow^ Efq; employ'd by the Parliament. Edward Hopkins ^ Efqj made CoiTimiffioner of the Admi. ralty and chofcn Member of Parliament. Mr. George^ afterwards Sir George Downing^ fent Ambafla- dor to Holland-^ a Man of no Steadinefs, and but li:t!e Merit. Mr. JVilliam Hock, Minifter of Newhaven, he was made] Minifter of the Savoy ^ and Chaplain to Oliver Cronmll\ He liv'd till the Year 1677, being one of thofe that wai ejeitcd with the 2 or 3000 Minifters turn'd out of thcii Livings for Confcience Sake, on Bartholomew Day, 1662. Mr.- Samuel Mather, Fellow of Harvard College : Hi went to Ireland with the Lord Henry Cromwell, thei Lord Deputy, was made Senior Fellow of Trinity (j]\ K'ge, Dublin, and had other Preferments, which he lol by the Ejeilment in 1662. Mr. Samuel Eaton, he became Parfon of Duekenfidd LancaJ})irc, and was driven from thence by the Bark i/iew A(St. Mr. John Knozvl's, he was appointed Preacher to the G thedral Church of Brijiol^ but outed in 1 662. Mr. Thomas Jlhn, Minifter of St. Edmund's in Noruuk where havin;; been (ilcnced by Bifliop fVren, for refuli to read the Book for profaning the Sabbath: He went New-England, and from thence return'd x.oNomi\ and was filenccd again for refufing his AiTent and Co| fent, &C. ^„ emnvt^A j Mr. John JVoodhvidge, he was Chaplain to the ParHaiBcnK/"^°J^^^ ""°^ CommifTioners at the Ille of Wight Treaty, and MiiBin ^^ ^^ ' . pe were jo To fter of all by tl Mr. Benja. College, Dr. Tw Jain to i be a Pre; him to Living, J after. Mr. Robert . Mr, Blinma\ Mr. Saxton. Mr. Giles / turned out Mr. Henry h Mr. Henry , here, and . in Somerfei away by ti Mr. Farmvori and unben Mr. Hugh />. Oliver Crc very pragm ac ail cone bad his Life Promifes in that Were, quartered ^ a bim, bely'd had a Whor« falfer; for th( times chearf Daughter, of and to hang cedent that, fliould have : ^ew-England ' ginning of the 'le it Jafted, anc 'n, and would h: ngland^ ;ingthi. ms pre. iom was n New- lofpel to own In. lngland\ ough in ave their I of larger I when tk\ ent. he Admi-I : Ambafla- ibut littlel • was madel r CronmWX pfe that waa out of tbcin nnew Day] ^he Hifiory of New-England. 85 ■M ■ ■V.'»L Hi tka liege : trinity Co ich he loil ickenjielh to the ' |in iVarK/'icI I for refuliij I He wtntl |to Nom\ It and Col IParliamcnj and Mif fter of Burford St. Nicolas^ in Wiltjhire^ but outed of all by the Vnlformity Aa. Mr. Benjamin Woodbiidge^ the firft Graduate of Harvard* College, returning to England^ fucceeded the famous Dr. Twijfe at Neifjberry. He was alfo made Chap- lain to King Charles II. when that King pretended to be a Presbyterian himfelf, and that Party was reitoring him to the Throne. He loft his Chaplainlhip, his Living, and his Liberty of Confcicnce about two Years after. Mr. Robert Peck. Mr. Blinman, Mr. Saxton. Mr. Giles Firmin became Minifter of Shutford in Ejfex-^ turned out by the Bartholomew Afl. Mr. Henry TVbitfield. Mr. Henry Butler^ M.A. He taught Untverfity Learning here, and returning to England^ was benefic'd at Teovill . in Somer/etjhire, where he continued till he was driven away by the Bartholomew Ad:. Mr. Farnivorth coming back to Old England^ was benefic'd and unbenefic'd, as were the others. Mr. Hugh Peters, Minifter at Salem ; he was Chaplain to Oliver Cromwell, and a great Medler in State Affairs, very pragmatical and impertinent ; and the' he was not at all concern'd in the King's Death, and muft have had his Life faved, if King Charles II. had regarded the Promifes in his Declaration, to pardon all but thofe that were, yet poor Mr. Peters was hang'd, drawn and quarter'd j and what was almoft as bad as the murdering him, bely'd by an Ecclefiaftical Hiftorian, who faid he had a Whore and died drunk, than which nothing can be falfer; for tho' Mr. Peters would be whimficaljand fome- times chearful, he would not be drunk nor lewd, if his Daughter, of whom I had my Information, fpeaks Truth ; and to hang him for his Impertinence only, was a Pre- cedent that, for their own fake, thofe then at the Helm fliould have avoided. \NcwEngland was in a very flouriihing Condition at the i6;2. [ginning of the Civil War in England^ and fb continued ^"''/''«'^'^^- Jile it lafted, and after the Conclufion of it to the l^^iiorsL-'^f ^1"^'^'"* in, and would have flourifti'd on, had their Liberty, which Eniibnd. W enjoyed under the Parliament and Cromwell, been fe- ted to them ; but every thing of that kind was precarious km the Reftoration to the Revolution. In the Year 1642 p were 50 Towns and Villages planted, 4.0 Churches C 3 ereacd. ' ':<" tS -NK ,f.H m H '.■■ I'll I. ..(.'/ I iVr ■ ; El - f I rii^ ■fi . fc 86 Martha' J I'iiry.ini fianttd- ^■je Hiflory of New-England. creeled, more than 4.0 Miniftf;rs Hoqfes, a Caftle, Prifons Forts, Cartways, (Juufv/ays, bV. all at the People's owa Charge. The Planters had built thcmfelvcs comfortable Houles ; they had Gardens, Orchards, Corn-Fields, Mej, dow and Pafturc Ground, fenced in with Hedges as in England. The Merchants had commodious Houfes and Ware-houfes, Ports, Wharfs, Ships, Boats and Seamen- the Tradefmen Shops and Work-houfes, and thqre was every where a Face of Bufmefs. The Planters applied themfelves to Husbandry, fowing of Corn, feeding of Cattle ; and the Trade of the Merchants, in Flower, Bread, Beef and Fiili was very confiderable; efpecially the latter, as to which we read, tiut, when a zealous Miniiler faid in his Sermon, in the Infancy of the Settlement at Plimouth, It behoves us tn approve ourfehcs a religious People^ by endeavouring to pnpa. gate the Gcfpcl, or ctherwife we fl)all contradict the main Eni of our cotniiig hither^ one of the Congregation cried out, 5;V you arc wijlaken^ our main End was to catch F(Jh. And truly I think the Man was in the right j for unlefs the Chrl/Han Religion was like Mahomet's,^ to be propagated by Arms or by Miracles, as at the preaching it, 1 cannot fee any Duty incumbent on private Perfons to abandon their native Country, their Affairs, even their Prcvifions for Life, to en-] deavourto make Savages, in the firft Place, think at all, and! then to think like thcmfelves. As Chrijlianity civilizes all] that undcrlland and profefs it, and is the flrongefl: Band ol Society and Peace, 'lis certainly a great Blelling to inculcati and fpread it ; but does not feem to me to have been the Bull. nefs of thofe that came to plant Corn and filh for Codii Neiu En^lland. The New-England Traders had all aloiij fliipc off great Quantities of Firti for Portugal and ihi Streighcs, and fome home for En^land^ Scotland and h land. They fent Bread and Beef to the Sugar-Kkmds, Gi and Lumber to England and other Places, where they had Aiarker. They built Siiips for thcmfelves and others, ani ir.et with few LofTes at Sea. About this time Thomas MayhciVy Efq; took out a Pate: for the lil.ipd called Martha's Vineyard, next to Rly.k Illand, ami two little Illes near it, Nantucket and Ehakw He fettled hi'i Son in the former, with a fmall Number Planters j ana he pjving hirofelf up to Study and Dcvotioi had a Itrong Impulfe in his Mind to convert the Indm the more feafible Scheme, for that the Country was Facher's, aftd the People were in a manner to be his o' or fo dependent on him, that they muft be the willinger hear his Cyuni'ds, as well as receive his Commands. prciclil ^e HiJIory of New-England. 87 preachod to them, and many of them profefled Chtjitanity, yir.Mayhetv the Son, being fliipwreck'd and drown'dnot long afrer, Mr. Mayhew the Father wei thither; and rho' he \vas no Minifter, he carried on the Work of Converfion a- mong the Indians fuccelsfully ; fo alfo did his Grandfon, ^ha w^s a Minifter, as will be feen in the Sequel. In the mean time the Indian Sachems, according to Q\x^-^^''rbetwfen torn, quarrel'd among themfelves, Miantonirno, King of the ^,1!;^ u,.c!ir ' h'mragantfetSf hired an Affaflin to murder Vncas, King of Indian the ;W ■X. :•.% Wi I- '< f. 88 f'M i '.# :* 1643. 3644. Jftltticrr Tbe Hi/lory o/" New-England. raged by the En^lijh^ the latter thought it necelTary to unitj all the tour Colonies into one Confederacy and Body Politick ar. is before related. The Inflrument of this Union bears thi! Title. • Articles o/Confederatlon, between the Plantations under thi Government of the Maflachufets, the Plantations undir the Goveimment of Plimouth, the Plantations under tht Government of Connedicut^ and the Government ofl^cw. haven, with the Plantations in Combination therennh^ dared the 7th of September, i()43. From this time we are to look upon all thcfe four Colo i nies as one Body, under the Name of New-England, with re- gard to all the publick Tranfadlions with their Nei^^hbourj tho' the private AfFiirs of each Province were Hill managed by Magiibates and Courts of their own. The Town of Plimouth being overflock'd with Inhabiranti and the Land thereabouts hardly worth manuring, fotncof the Principal of them took a View of a Tradt near Cape Cod, call'd, by tlie Indians, Namfct. This Soil was rich, and the Situation pleafant. This they purcl'aled of theJNV tives, and removing thither with their beft Efre(fls, they I built the Town of Enjlham, now in Barn/lable County. I It is far from being a laudable Difpofition in the Engltjl I but it is a natural one, that when they have Peace with everJ one ellc, they fall out among thcmfelves. Thofe that werej now in New- E norland were in no Danger of any Difturbancel from the Savages. Indeed they could eafily have cleared thel Country of all the Indians, from the Sea to the Maquoh^ orl Mohocks, on the Frontiers of Nw-Tork ; but the Savages! were fervlceable to them in Trade, and might have bed in Tillage and Labour, had they not been an indolent laij| fort of People. The inhabitants of Hingham^ in Suffolk CounJ ty, quafrelling about the Elecftion of their chief Military Of] ficei, committed a Riot. Mr. IVinthrop, Deputy -GGverno| of the MaJJachufcts, going thither, obliged the Rioters td give Bond to appear at the Quarter Sellions, and, on theij Refulal, committed them to Prifon, for Words fpoken rej fleding on the General Court, as encroaching on the Liberj ties of Illngham. The Majority of the Tov/n refented tb Imprifonmenr of their Neighbours, and petitioned the Genej ral Court for a free Hearing and Liberty of Speech, and con plain'd of feveral Grievances. This Petition was iigned byl Robert Child, Thomas Fowle, Samuel Mavmck^ Thcmas Barlciv^ David Tale^ fohn Smith, John Dund, ne Hijlory of New-England. 89 gix of thefe feven Petitioners being cited before the p?urt, I appealed to the Parliament of £«|^/fl«^, and tender'd fuffici- ent Security to abide by their Sentence; but this Courr, like many others, thought they might determine the Affair ihemfelves, and having the Power to Tee their Determination Lade good, adjudged the Offenders to be imprifon'd and fin'd. However, as the Petitioners infifted chiefly on Mr. fVinthrop^s proceeding arbitrarily, in imprifoning the Men of Hinghatn for refufinp to fign his Bond, the Court, to throw that Icharge off from themfelves, order'd Mr. ff'inthr op, at that Itime Deputy-Governor of the Province, to make his De- ^r. Win- Ifence before a vaft Concourfe of People. Mr. mnthrop firft %°l\y!a,, pleaded his Commiffion, and ihewcd them how unreafonable vtruur,piead» lit was for them to call a Governor to Account daring the ^'^.^^''^' /" lime of his Adminiftration j but the Court not thinking as he ^, IhT'^r* did, the Deputy-Governor came down from the Bench, jind, like a Counfcl at the Bar, pleaded his Caufe fo well, that It raifed the Indignation of the General Court againft the H^ng^ \m Petitioners, whom they feverely fined, having acquicted Mr. U^inthrop^ who refuming his Seat on the Bench, made he following memorable Speech. Gentlemen, jyiU not look back to the pajl Proceedings of this Courts mr u's Spetth to the Perfons therein concern' d : 1 am fatisjied that 1 was'*Pf^ hit Ac fiblickly accu/ed, and that I am now public k/y acquitted; but ^"'j^^lf. \m me leave to fay fomething on this Occajion^ that may re6lify k Opinion of the People^ from whom thefe Dijiempers of the \late have arifen. The ^e/iions that have troubled the Coun- U tf late, have been about the Authority of the Magifirate^ nd the Liberty of the People. Magijiracy is certainly an Ap^ \k\mtnt of God^ and I intreat you to confider that you chofe hmfrom among yourfehes, and that they are Men, fubjeii to like PaJJions with yourfelves. IVe take an Oath to govern Lu according to God's Laws and our own, to the befi of our M; if lue commit Errors, not willingly, but for want of killj you ought to bear with us ; nor would I havt you mifiakg \iir own Liberty. There is a Liberty in doing what we li/i^ ithout Regard to Law or fufiice : This Liberty is indeed \cmfiftent with Authority, bu-i civil, moral, federal Liberty fijljls in every one's enjoying his Property, and having \t Benefit of the Laws of his Country ; this is what you ought \mtendfor, with the Hazard of your Lives ; but this is very Inft/lent with a due SubjeSlion to the Civil Magi/irate^ \d the paying him that Refpe£i that his CharaJler in the immon requires^ ' Thi. 90 ^=« . *l' Hl?r f'- h Coiiver(rJ to Cniiil.aiuty Mr. Elliot the yfr,/?Je T^Ji' Hi/lcry of New-Eiigland. This rational Dircourfe gave great Satisfaftion to thege. neral: Court, and all that hoard it, the Party of the Pctiiiuaers only excepted i and Mr. JVinthro*^ became fo popular atler it that he was yearly cholen Governor of the Province as I long as he lived j but the Hmgham Men deputed Dr. Chm and Mr. Foivle^ two of thofe that fign'd their Petition, to carry their Complaint to the Parliament of /j'«o'//?W,who would not be at Lcifiire to enter into the Merits of the Caufe, of which they had, doubtlcfs, a fatisfadory Account from Mr. /;';„. | ihrop's Friends. I leave the New-England Church Hiftory as Dr. Mather\ and M\-'. Nfdl have left it; yet I cannot omit fomc general Notices of things, not wholly do;5:rinal or fpeculative, but hiRorical, fuch as the Converiion of the Indians to tlie| Chr'iftian Religion. FJints have been given of a few /«. ,dians that feemcd well inc ined to it, but knew not eiiouglij of it to make full Confclfion of. The firft Englifh Miiiilterj that fet himfelf a-part to preach tl. : Gofpel to the SavuiA was the Reverend Mr. John ElUat^ who is ftiled the AitoM of the Indians. He was educated at Cambridge^ and airilledl Air. Hooker in his School at Little Baden in Effex.^ as is al-f ready men:ioned. He preached, at his firft coming hither, at Bojion^ and was foon after the dated Miniller of Roxhu.r\ about a Mile from that City, where Iw continued in th| JExercife of his Paftoral Office almoft 60 Years. He wajj good Scholar, efpecially in the learned Languages, remarkabld for Charity and Dilintereftednefs^ the fitter Per fon to preach ta the Natives, who liad little or nothing to give him, and werJ as rude and ignorant, when he firft went to them, as Crea] fures could be with human Underttanding. To qualify hii3 for the Work he was going about, Mr. Elliot learnt tlie>J d'an Language, as barbarous as can come out of the iMouilf of Man, as will be {^^vi by thefe Inftancqs. Kummatchekodtimtamoonganunnonajh^ is, in Engli/I)^ QA L'r:s:, a Word that the Reverend Mr. Elliot m\i^ often havl Occalion to make ufc of. As long as it is, we meet wit^ ftill. Kunimjgkodonattcottummoooctiteaongannunnona/h^ Our Qud 11 ion. . Ganntimr.naflj feems to be Our^ becaufe we find it intlj End of tlic firft Word, as well as the fecond, and the ginriiMj; of both different j and this appears again in anodij -Wcrvi. Kjojucmantammocyiikanunnmslhy Our Loves. a ;on2;cr ii T'he Hijlory o/' New- England. 91 Thus it fe^ms Kanunnonajh is Our^ and Noowomantammwon lis Loves. The longeft of thefe Ind'un Words is to be niea- Ifured by the Inch, and reaches to near half a Foot j and if h,\x, Elliot did put as many of thefe Words in a Sermon of his as Mr. Peters put Englijh Words in one of his Sermons, levcry one of them muft have made a frzable B A, and have Itaketiup three or four Hours in Utterance. Mr. Elliot made Lpfelf acquainted with this fine Language by the help of an \lndian Servant, and, when he had maller'd it, he reduced ic |to a Method, which he publifli'd under the Title of the In- iian Grammar. He began his MilTion in O^ober 1646, 1646* Accompanied with three more Perfons, having beforehand liven the Indians^ whom he intended to vifir. Notice ot his toming, and his Purpofe. IFaubon^ a g'-ave Indian^ no Sa- jchcm, with 5 or (J of his Countrymen, met them, and bid (hem welcome, which promifed well, fince they knew their ;,rand. VVaubon conducted the EngliJIi into a large fVigivam, iiiian Houfes fo called, where a great Number of the Na- lives were gathered together on this Occafion. Mr. Elliot began his Lecture with Prayer : " He then re- ^f*- Eii-ot'i hearfed and explained the Ten Commandments, and '^^-^[fthl'sj^ form'd them of the dreadful Curfe of God, that would fall vagat. upon all thofe that br^'ce them. He talked to them of JefuSi of his Birth, Death and Afcenlion into Heaven, ifrorn whence he would one Day come to judge the World in flaming Fire. He informed them of the blefled State of all thofe that believed in Chrift, and lived accord- ing to his Rule. He fpoke alfo of the Creation, and the Fall of Man, of the infinite Greatnefs of God, of the Joys of Heaven, and the Torments of Hell; doling all with perfuading them to Repentance and a good Life. When Mr. Elliot had finifli'd his Difcourfe, he defired the Uiam to ask him any Qurftions they thought fit concerning k Points he had touched upon, ooe of them flood up, jid laid, Howjhall I come to know Chrijl ?. Another enquired, ii.dian mther Englifhmen were ever as ignorant o/'Jefus Chrift as^""''^'"^'^ Lfdvcs ? A third, mjether Chrijf could underjland Prayers r',/^1!^'"* \ the Indian Language ? Another propofed this Queftion, ^w there could he an Image ofGod^ fmcc it was forbidden in \e Second Commandment i' This probably arofe from Mr. \llkh faying Man was created after God's own Image. X^ere Simplicity in this, but more Refledtion than would be lund in many of our Peafants under a like Lcdture. An- jher asked. If the Father he naughty and the Child good^ will V be offended ivith that Child? Becaufe^ in the Second Com^ Vndwnt^ it is faid^ he vifits the hiciuitics of the Fathers upcn th '^e 'Ifi 92 • ti :\ Incfiin 77je Hip.ory ^ New-Engliind. tbt Children. Another was, Hnv all the JP'orld became f4 of People, if they were all once drowned in the Flood ? ij^ Elliot gave plain and I'amiliar Anfwers to all thcfe Queftionj and, atter a Conference of about tiircc Hours, returned'! home. As I take this Difcourfc to be a Specimen of his ty. lure Condudl towards the unconverted Indians, I Ihallentetl no farther into it, the Eccleliaftical Writers having treated | fo largely of it. He fucceeded fo \/cll in his good Work that in a fhort time feveral hundred Indians embraced the ChrijUiin Religion, and their Children were catechifed, iiv.| ftruded and bred up in it. To draw them off from their wild way of living, the Ge- neral Court order'd Lands to be fct out to build a Townl upon, for iuch as were willing to come into civil Society,! which was thankfully accepted of. The Ground mark'd oj: I A'lr. Elliot advifed them to fence in with Ditches and \ Stone Wall. He fupply'd them with Shovels, Spadcf^ Mat. tocks and Cranes of Iron for this Purpofe ; he aUb gave Mo. ney to thofe that work'd hardeft, by which means thcTowul was Coon built and inclofed,ii:hc meaneft fp^igwamso: Houfesl in ic, were equal to thofe of the Sachems in other Places] They called the Town Nomatomen, or Rejoicing. I obfervel that the Language is made up pretty much of ten, tan, t:rA mun^ tier, mven, nun, ajh, oa^, eck, J})a^ majh. The Lawjl thz(QChri/lian In Hans agreed to, arc the Effed of goodna.| tural Scnfc, and calculated for their Benefit and Peace. .,:r.>- iv 1 TMirLui'xs. 1. If any Alan be idle a JVeekj or at mojl a FortnigU^ U Jhall pay FiveShillif.-g!. z. If any unmarry'd Man Jhall lie with a IFoman unman ja he Jhall pay Twenty Shillings, 9. If any Man JJjall beat his Wife, his Hands Jhall kiA behind him, and he jhall be carried to thePlaceofJuJiice, uA fever ely punij})ed. 4. Every young Man, if not another's Servant, and ifwil married, Jhall be compelled to fct up a Wigwam, and plant M bimfelf, and mtjhift up and d'jwn in other fFigwams. 5. If any IVoman Jhall not have her Hair tied up, hut k\ loofe, or be cut as Man's Hair, Jhc Jhall pay Five Slnllin^i. 6. If any IVoman Jhall go with naked Breajls, JJje Jhall ^a^ Five Shillings. 7. ylil Men th^t Jhall wear long Locks, Jhall pay Fk Shillings. B ■ '^' 77ri.-if?:pns We fee, by thefe Regulations, that nothing is more inju^en, Women an f."; :''„".'' rious to the Weiiare ot So-.iety than Idleofl--, Saunrr 5 Win:i Lam* 7?je Hiflory of New-England. ^^ |\\''anronners and Vanity. The Chrl/ilttns^ Men and Women, Lm became induftrious, as well as civil; the Mcnlabouretl Ijiiche Fields and Fiflicry, the Women learnt to fpin, and |^cc llbmething to carry and lell at Marker, as Brooms^ Stnvcsy haj- \i\i Tur/iiii ; in the Spring, Cranberries^ Fijhj Strawberries ; lin the Summer, Hurth berries^ Grapes, Fijh ; fevcral of thena Iwork'd with the EigHJ})'m Hay-time and Harveft; but they vere not fo capable of hard Liibour as thofe who have beea bred to ir. The Indians about Concord^ obferving how their Neigh- bours were improved by their new Religion, defired Mr. lUiot to come and inftrud the.ti, and addreffed the Govern- nent for a Spot of Ground, either by the Side of the Bear- twmpi or to the Eaft of Mr. Flint^s Pond, to build them a Town ; and feveral of their Sachems and principal Men, neeiing at Concord, agreed upon the following Laws fo? their nvil and religious Government. Ihere JImll be no more Powawing, upon Penalty of Twenty AfovChri- Pitwawinv was the Conjurings of their Priefts. An excel- |fnt Law this ; foi thefe Powa wings were the vileft of all Jm- [ilitions on Mens Reafon. * JVbfoever Jhali be drunk, jhall for fait Tiventy ShiUings. If any be convi£ied of Thefty he fljall rejiore Four fold. Whofoever profanes the Sabbath, /hall pay Twenty ShiUing^, JVhofoeverJhall commit Fornication, JJjall pay Twenty Shillings ^(i Man, Ten Shillings if a IVoman. Murder and Adultery, Death. Kone to beat their fVives, on Penalty of Twenty Shillings. The/ rcfolvcd to lay afule their oW Cuftoms of howling, baling their Bodies, adorning their Hair, and to follow the yifjh Fartiions. They agreed to pray in their Wigwams, and to fay Grace tfore and after Meat. Let any one that eats at our grand fables, and fojourns in great Families, obferve who are the pft Chtijiians, the Englijh or the Indians, in thefe Articles. \0&^i. IVillard, of Concord, was chofen by them to fee lele and other fuch Orders duly executed. Mr. JViifon^ jliniltcr of Bojion, Mr. Dunfier, Minifter of Cambridge j \t. Aiht, Minifter of Charles-Town, Mr. Shepherd, Mini- tr oi Cambridge, :ind feverzl Other Englijh, vfent to Noon/la- in, the new Indian Town, to confirm and encourage the Converts^ who had had Clothes diftributed among them, |eii, Women and Children, and the greatell Part of them came 94 ^^^ HlJlQry of New-England. came to hear Prayer and Sermon handfomly drefs'd, after the! EngUlh Manner, almoft loo Years ago, which maker, one Jhnagine, that the Indians in New- England^ perhaps not only on ilie Frontiers, but farther within the Land, have, by \\A time, very much forfaken their old Habit and HahitSj and are fallen into the ways of the Europeans^ which will much! fliorten our Work in thefe Articles. Mo(t of the Indian Sachems, Segamores and Pmaii^A were alarmed at the Progrefs of Chri/iianity. The PrincA fays the reverend HiftoriafJ, was jealous of his PrerogativA end the Priejl of his Gain. The Sachems were fo afraid thai the £«^/.yl6 Government would ifluc out Orders for themtol pray in their IVigwams, that Uricas, before-mentioned, camel to the General Court of Conne£ticut at Hertford^ and formal J protefted againft it. Curfhamoquin another Sachem^ pro;cftei Tnf^^fhl- *S*'"^ ^^^^ building; any town by the Chrijiian Imham^ J ftntheirPy \cry frankly told Mr. Elliot the Reafon of it. T^'^i? Indian mentstotke ^f,o pray to God, iaid he, do nor pay me Tribute^ as fonntrh- ^'^'*- which was in part true, and the Reafon for their paying ii cealing, the Payuient (hould confequently have ceafed. TiiJ Chrijiian Indians had withdrawn ihemfelves from their Au thority and Protedion, and put themfclves under the £ J lift). However, Cutjhamoquin^ a happy Name for an InM King, did not (peak the whole Truth ; for the Chti/tinn /»] dians Within his Territory had paid him very handfotr.ly. am the more willing to be particular in it, becaufe it ihe? the Grandeur and Riches of thefe Indian Monarchs. ' HJ c implained to Mr. Elliot, that his Subjedls of the Chri/tk Religion gave him no more than they thought reafonablel whereas, bt'fore they turned Chrifiians^ he was abfolute m fter of their Lives and Fortunes. The new Converts aJ fwered, that they left it to Mr. Elliot to judge between thej King and them. IVe gave him, faid they, at one time, \ Buflieb of Corn, and at another time, 6 Bujhels more ■ m fa hunting Days we kili-d him 15 Deer, we brok,e up two k{ of Land for him ; we made him a great If^igwam, and 20 j of Fence, with a Ditch and Rails about it; we paid a D\ for him of Three Pounds ten Shillings, and one of us gavil. a Beaver-skin of Two Pounds ; we gave him many Days WnA in planting Corn all together. They added, IVe would ml ingly do more, if he would govern us jujily by the IFom God. Cutfham'^qHin took in great Dudgeon that his Peoj* (hould dare to talk fo to him and of him, turned his Back( the Company, and went off in a Rage; but, not long! ter, turn'd Chrijiian himfelf. And, notwithlhnding i| Oppofition the Chrijiian Religion met with from the Savagn tare them' /fives. The Hifton o/'New-England, 95 bii/vw^ and Powawfy Kings and Priefts, it obtain'd atnorfnf Lgjsfatives to a great Degree. The Praying India ns^ as the Inevv Converts were term'd by way oH Diftindtion, combined Lether in a Body, artd builc a Town by Charles-River^ in ^^^ ^"'W [he midft of the MajfaLhufets^ to which they gave the Name]^^;|5^'-^'j» n{}satid: It conlills of three long Streets, two on one v»mn. Iideof the River, and one on the other, with f loufe-cots to very Familv. The«s is one large Houfe built after the Eng- ^y^^,'*T. L manner, the lower Room is a large Hall, which (crvesXfyibed, nfteid of a Church for religious Exercifes on Sundays, and for iSchool-houfe in Week-days. There's a large Cariopy of llatts railed upon Poles for the Preacher, and thofe that totnc with him, and other fort of Canopies for themfelves to It under, the Men and Women being placed a-part, wliich (jced is fometimes done in other Places, nc much to the [ood Liking of either. The Upper Room is a kind of S:ore- loufe for Skins and other valuable Wares j and in a Corner (f this Room Mr. E/iiot had an Apartment partitioned oft^ \[i\\ a Bed and Bedftead. There is a handlbm Fort, of a Blind Figure, palifado'd with Tree?, and a Foot Bridge over [e River in Form of an Arch. This Indian Town encreas'd Lch in Number of Houfes and Inhabitants, and Mr. Ellioi wing baptifcd the Indians, and given the Sacrament of the ord's Supper to thofe duly prepared, an Indian Church, Ifter the Presbyterian way, was form'd and fettled at Natid-y out the Year 1 6(Jo. .Mr. Elliot had taken into^his Houfe Mmequsjfon^ an in-^" ^"*'"* Ipnious Indian,'whom he taught to read and write, and made '^ '"""•'■^*^*- [m School-mufter at Natick. Mr. Elliot tranllated Primers^ att^hifmSy the PraSfice of Piety, Baxter*s Call to the Un- Jiiirted, and at length the Bible ; a Labour worthy other ^''•Elliot lotice than was taken of it, and other Rewards than it met [Z-B^buiuf fch. It was printed the firlt time at Cambridge, in 1664.. r*.; indiaa Inie of the Indians, who had a Genius for Learning, were ^•"<2'h«« Imitted into //rtri/^r^- College, and had a liberal Education, Vieby their Congregations were furniflied with Minifters their own. I While Mr. Elliot was employ'd in converting the Indians jtliin the Jurifdidlion of the Majfachufets, Mr. Lever ick^ jinifter of Sandwich, was promoting the fame good Work iPlimouth Patent, and Mr. Mayhew in Marthah t^ineyard, I whom fonie Mention has been made in the preceding ges, Mr. Mayhew, the Son, enter'd upon this pious iidertaking, and his firft Convert was one Hiaccomes, aHiaccomei ung Man of about ;?o Years of A^.c, who was, for fome'*« indiaa pe after he bad begun to take a Liking to the EngUJh, f^J,'^)*^^ 5 afraid " HlT ll^'T.; r --rK m r 4 . \\ ; p ' 'life »6 The Hiflory ^/ New England. ifraid to enter into any clofc Correfpondencc with rhom his Coiinrryracn looking upon them as Enemies to their (],„i'j and Nations. Being come once to the Englijh Piantariuni after (everal Invitations, Mr. Mayhew confer'd with liim cri the Subject of Religion, and difcourfcd fo pathetically and I convincingly of thtChriJlian^ ih^iHiaccomtSy who hadfomjl Inclination that way before, heard with great Attention anj Satisfadion, and, in a little time, renounced the Gods of hij Country, and came conftantly every Sunday to Mr. Ma>t\ h£w*s Meeting, and, after Evening Sermon, to his Houfc for further fnftiudtion, PakoponeJJby Sachem of the Country, underftanding that Hlaccomes was going off from his Rcli.l rrti^nji's gion to that of the Chriftian, fpoke thus to him: /xt/sW^J Mjiuil" "" y^t '^^^'^ ^^^ a young Man^ having a IVife and two Chi\\ ChriUianity. dren, Jhould love the £hgli(h and their ways, and forfah /J Powaws. Hiaccomes made hirn no Reply, but continued hii| VMlits to Mr. Mayhew^ who taught him to read, and endea- voured to fortify him againil Reproaches; which had fo goojl an Eftedt on him, that he undertook to affert the trijt||| and Benefit of the Chri/iian Faith before another Sachem^ and! the principal Men of his Nation ; not very numerous, doubti lels, when there were feveral Sachems in an liland not half! fo big as the IVight. Hiaccomes*s Exhortation fucceeJing tol the Converfion of thefe Men, he challenged the PfiiMtwJ who threatned him with their Conjurations, to do their worfti but they did not care to venture their Credit and Profit on aiij Experiment which, as the Indians became mort enlighW was very doubtful and dangerous. Mr. Mayhew having fur] nifhed Hiatcomes with fufficient Materials, that Converi preached to his Countrymen, and had good Succefs in con) verting them. Mr. Mnyhew made a great Progrefs in itj but, after about lo or 12 Years Labour, Mr. Mayhm lending a fhort Voyage to England^ fail'd with Capt. i^am in the Year 1657, and was never heard of more, the Shij and all that was in it perifhing at Sea. Mr. Mayhew the Father carried on the MifTioniiry Woi( by his Advic. and Preaching, afcsr the Departure of his I and Hiaccomes continued Paftor of an Indian Church Murtha\ Vmcyard ro Kb Death; and his Son John Hiacm Was Minifler of another Indian Church there. Mr. EiM Son alfo preached to the Indians-, as did alfo Mr. Ruhii\ Bourne, Mr. Pierjon, Mr, Filch and Mr. John Cotton^ wlj had all Icarn'd the I diflu Language for that Purpole; andt their Inftrud-icws, it»rCT4l Indians applied themfelves to the Scripture, and becaaae ufcful Preachers to their C trytiitjin. ^I^)'-^ md endei- )n:iTy Wo of his I Church jn Hiaccufi Mr. ElM Ir. Rhkn Cotton^ wlj jolci andl ^Ives to •*■" their C TZ'^ Utjiory of New-England. 97 The Accounts I have fecn of the /«^/<7« Converts and IChurches is a little confufcd j but the Number of them may be gucfi'ci by what follows. \ii\.}HaUchy the Miniftcr Daniel an Indian^ 4. or 500 when the moft. \t Majhip/>ang, 50 Miles from Bojlon^ an ////■//^jw Miniftcr. \i Martha's Vineyard, Hiaccomis the /n^/rt« Minifter, af- fifted by his Son John Hiaccomes, Another Church there, John Tockinijh, an Indian the Minifter. About 3000 Converts in this Ifland. \\ hWuket-lUdt the Minifter 7(?^« Gibs^ an Indian-^ 500 Converts. [tSan^iuit and Cotuit^ ncAV Sundwichy in Barn/} apU County ^ 200. The Minifter an Indian^ Simon Papinonit. [t Sacontty in Plimouth Colony, a Chri/iian Church ; the Minifter an Indian. [bout Cape Cody feveral ChtiJIian Churches, having 6 /«- \iian Preachers. [ear Eajlhaniy in Barnjlaph County, a Church, confifting jof 500 Imdian Converts ; 4 Schools, where their Children are taught to read j 6 Indian Juftices of the Peace, to [keep good Order. Punkenagy a Church of Indians, preach'd to by Mr, \t})ackery Miniftc: of Milton, m Suffolk County. iNipmug, an Indian Church j the Minifter Monfieur 5fln- dit, a French Proteilant. Mendham, in Suffolk County, an Indian Church i the linifter Mr. Raw/on, of Mendham. [n the Whole, there were, Setween the Years 1660 and 50, above thirty CongrcvjeCK tns of Indian Chrijiuns^ p might make near 5000 in Number, having 24 Itidian lors. 1 queftion wheiiicr the Number is much increafed for Mr. MayheiL\ the Grandfon I fuppofe, in his^^"- M'y- Jrnalof 1713 and 1714, writes, that the Remains of ihe''*'"^'*' mUyMohegim, near \cw-Tork ^ud.NarragantJetSy \yciCi.itt(rMijptm [under ftrong Prejudices agalnft the Chrijlian Religion.. «^'>'« Mayhew going amonglt: tliera, obtained a Meeting, and ched to them by an Interpreter; but had only a Thank ye [for his Trouble, tho' the Englijh were then fo much |ers oi the Country, that the Indians were at Mercy in [iner. iie fent for the King of the Narragantfets to come lim, and deiired Leave to preach to his Subjects. Nini^ I, that was the Name of the Sachem, bid him go^ and ibi Englifti good frjl ^ for the Indians could eaiily ob- H lerve. Tt i''. Indians. 'I . I V' ■ 1 ;tV 1 ■',[ ft 9^ ^he Hiflory cf New-England. m \ V" «' ■■ ■ i' ' ferve, that the Manners of the People were not anfwerable to the Leflbns of their Preachers. Ninnlcraft faid to him Some of you keep Saturday, others Sunday, others no Day at oil i for the IVor/hip of God j fo that if my People had a mind u turn Chriftians, they could not tell what Religion to be of. \^ deed I have often thought of the Difficulties the Miflionaries have to ftruggle with, in converting the Indians x.oChrtjlia.\ niiyy with Refped to the Difagreetnent among ChriJ}iani\ and it nntuft be faid for the latter, that they are at no manner of Pains to conceal their Differences. The French Papifliji Canada^ if they may be termed Chrijiiansy tell the IndianA of Chrift, and of his being crucified ^ but fay the EniM did it. The Englifh Presbyterians in New-England inftru(j| the Indians to pray by the Spirit^ and to have Minifl-ers orJ dained by Miniiters, or they will not be in the right waJ The Englifh Epifcopalians tell them they muft pray as the find it in the Book, and have Minifters ordained by Bif or the Chrijiian Religion is of no ufe to them. How nujf the poor Indians be fcandalized at this Uncertainty in Matters that concern the Salvation or Perdition of immortal Sou and much more at the Difference between the DoiHirinei the Morals of fome Chrijiians. Mr. Mayhew, at the Rcqueft of the New-England I ciety for propagating the Gofpel, made the Mffhtgin Indian another Viiir, and obtained another Meeting. Atter he preached to them, he defired to know their Objedlions aga the Chrijiian Religion. One of them ftood up and fai Ohjenions offf^g believe the Being of a GW, and do worfhip him\ hut, feveral Nations have their di/iinSf ways ofWorfhipy fo web ours ', and we think our way goody and therefore there is m Rt fin to alter it. Another faid. The Difficulties of the Chrift Religion are fuch as the Indians cannot endure ; our Path made firne Trial of it in Mr, Fitch*j ttrne^ ^o Years htfik and had found Religion too hard for them, and therefore yai/li it J and we think ourf elves no better able to bear the Hardjhim it than our Fathers. Others faid. Some Indians, ivhi i profejjed the Chriftian Religion, had, foon after, forfakm Englifli, and joined with their Enemies, which certainh \\ would not have done, if the Chriftian Religion had kinfm celUnt a thing as was pretended. What another Mohegini has fo much Truth in it, that it might have been a Leffon I Adayhew himfell^ for the Ufe of his People : IVe canmt\ that Men are ever the better for being Chriftians ; for i Englifli, that are Chriftians, ivill cheat the Indians of tk Land, and wrong them other ways; and your Kf70ivleilgi\ Books does but make you the more cunning to cheat ethtn^ i the Indians to the Chri flian Reli- gion, Tloe Hiflory ^New-England. 99 ists more Harm than Good. We perceive, by tfiis Ac* Icount, that the Converfion of the Indians was at a- Stand af- L the Death of the firft Miflionaries Mr. Elliot, Mr. Cct' V> ^'"- ■^''^'^» ^^* Browne, Mr. MayheWy Senior, which Us not occafioncd fo much by the want of Preat hing, 29 ^he Wars which cnfued between the Englijh and ln-lam. fhe latter were alfo more and more thinn'd by Difeafes, jid the fpreading of the Englijh^ near whom the Indians ffe have juft mentioned lived, and were irt fome wife ntermix'd with them. This Part of the Continent was Dcver very populous, and the 5000 Indians, who were con- certed, were probably a quarter Part of all the Nations b whom they belonged. This was a very religid^'s, ge- (erous, ufeful Undertaking, and, confidering the iV^u^ \lijh were fcarce well fettled themfelves, 'tis amax- [ig that tbey fliould (b foon (o well fettle their Religion among be Natives, that it has laftcd ever fince, and is likely to (ift as long as there is a People in thole Parts of the World. ne cannot fuppofe that all this, which muft have been very spfive as well as difficult, could bedone by their own Fund bd Sufficiency. Three Years after Mr. Elliot's firft Miffion, he Parliament of England paft an A&, A D. 1649, to en- ThetJe'^' wage the propagating the Gofpel among the Indians in New- EnHana So- 'Dgland. In order to which they eredted a Corporation, con-"'^^l;Zl]le Kngof a Prefident, a Treafurer,md 14, Ajji/lnnts, impower- Onfpel fji*- them to receive Contributions, and make Disburfements ^^'^'^' carrying on fo good a Work. The Corporation chofe iidge Steel Prefident, and Henry JJhurft, Efq^ Treafurer. I was Father of the late Sir Henry Ajlurjl^ Bart, and Sir \Mam Ajkurji, late eldeft Alderman of London. A Colledion I made, purfuant to the fame A6t, all over /England, which duccd fuch a Sum of Money as enabled the Society to rchafe Eftates to iht Value of about 600 1, a Year, a great [rt of which was bought of CoX.Bedini^field, ? Papiji, who had ihimfelf fo much in Debt in the Caufe of King Charles I. It, upon the Reftoration, Bedingfield fei2.ed what he had ihctnj but the Chancellor Hyde did not think fit to luntenance his Violence and Injuftice, and not only de- Teed the Land to them, but, at the Requeft of the reve- |id Mr. Bakter and Alderman Aflmrjl^ procured them a Charter, by which they and their Succeflbrs for ever re to be' A Stciety for propagation of fhe Go/pel i- New- klatid, long before any Society \vith the liKe Stile was Wht of by others i and this being airead/ ei'aWini'd, der'd any other unnecefTary and ufel^s, with regard to n a New- I- ■ . ■ m ■m. A U! 3' at; 1 i:''*' loo 7i# Nitmet •fthefirfl Society in Bngland. *Ih late London CotnmlJJian- tr'i Namis. lie Hiftory of NewEng-land. New-England. This Society confifted of the following Per, Tons named in the Charter. Edward Earl of Clarendon, Lord Chancellor. Thomas Earl of Southampton, Lord TrealUrer. John Lor'd Roberts, Lord Privy-Seal. George Duke of Albemarle. James Duke of Ormond. Edward Earl of Manchejier, Lord Chamberlain, Arthur Earl of Anglefey. ff^Jltam VKcount Say and Seal. Francis JVamer, Efqj Alderman of London, Will. Love, Efq; ? Aldermen mil. Peak, Efq; h Qi Londm\ Thomas Foley, Efq; Thomas Coke, M. D. John Micklethwait, M. D. Edmund Trench, E% Charles Doyley, Eftj; Thomas Staynes, Efq; 7tfA« Jarvis, Efq; fVtlUam Antrobus, Efqj John Bathurji, Efqj Thomas Gillibrand, Efq; ^o^« Benbowe, Efq; Barnabas Mears, Efc|; Edward Bofcawen, Efq; Martin Noel, Efq; Erafmus Smith, Efq; Richard Hutchinjon. JoJhuaWoolmugh, Efq; George Clarke, Efij; Thomas Speed, E(q; Harmon Sheaf, Efij; James Hayes, Efq; Laurence Brinjley, Efq; ^^«,Efq;Wasele6tedGovcrnoi] and the following worthy Gentlemen were lately the Society] Jofeph Thompfon, Efq; Treafurer. Sir Thomas Alney. Mr. liobert AJhurJl. Mr. Jo. n Gu>7/lon,Dep.T{9Si. Mr, Edzvard Richier. Mr. Samuel Read, Sen, Richard Chi/well J Efq; Mr. Thomfii Gering. Sir P//^r A:/«^, Lord Chid Juflice. Mr. Thomas Knight. Mr. yfr//p«r Martin. Richard Min/halL Efq: h Jhe Hijlory of New-England. loz Earl of Stamford, Sir John Scot. Sir Daniel Wray. Daniel DolifiSy Efq; 'IftlliamThompfon^ Efq; *John Lane, Efq; ilrJuJiusBecfr. }J[r. J:h*i Bridges. i\:. John Morton. Robert Atwoody Efq; Rol/ert Clarh, Efqj I^r. James Hulbert, Philip PapiUon, Efqj Mr. Henry Palmer, Mr. Ihomai Stiles. "Mr. James Town/end, Mr. John Jack/on, Sir Henry Jfhnrji. Mr. Jofeph'thompfon, Jun. Mr. Samuel Read. Mr. Jeremiah Murden. Mr. 5<7W«^/ ^y^^fl/: Mr. Thomas Carpenter, Mr. y<7;&» Mitchel. [Xhc Commiflioners in New-England lire, or lately were, Samuel Shute, Increafe Mather, D. D. JohnFoJier, Efqj Jflk Higgin/an, E(qj £du)ard Bromfield^ E% El.Hutchinfon, Efq; 1 5/>^o« Stoddard., Efq; P^fls Town/end, .^Jq; Efq; late Governor. Jonathan Belcher, Efqj Cotton Mather, D. D. Rev. Mr. Nehemiah IValler. Mr. Daniel Oliver. Mr, Thomas Fitch, Adam fVinthrop, Efq; Thomas Hutchinfon, E{q; Will. Dummery Efq; D. Gov. Ta* New- England €lvmn/!Jlion' tu. [This Society do, or lately did, maintain in New- England or 1 6 i^Iiffionaries, part Engli/h, part Indian, to preach Gofpel. Their Salaries are from lo to 90/. a Year, i- England Money. They have ereded Schools in proper ices, which may truly be called Charity- Schools. The lildren are furnifhed with Catechifms, Primers, Pfalters^ oks of Devotion in the Indian Tongue, Pens, Ink, Paper, 1 fometimes Clothes. Some of the Miflionaries can preach [the Indian Language ; but the reft do it by Interpeiers. des the Contributions gather'd by the Society, there are |lleftions towards carrying on , their Delign in New-Eng- Thac at Bofion came, in one Year, to 483/, M«/- fW Money. Old Church - - North Church - South Church New Church - ■ - 160 1. - 90 - 116 "7 483/. K- H 3 The 's-'tt" 1 I'- i el! • .'iiiVl' ff-i^'s1 (if-: ^i •i ¥ 1' ■i^: :.',»'»( •"!!";;•(' 'icz :t' '0 v>:m M' ' •t • CoMinntimis a" Oiig tin ^ Sywid at Cuiii bridge. Thf Baptlfis The HiJIory of New-England. The other Colledions bear no r ioportion to this, there being no Proportion in 'heir Trade and Wealth. The So. ciery have alfo a Fund of ibout looo/. the Produce of which is employed for this good i'urpofe. In the Year 154.7 there were great Commotions amo* the Indians-^ but the Englijh kept fuch a watchful Eye over them, that they could not do much Mifchief, till l^iQ French animated them, and put them in that way. Sequaffan jj Sachem, near Newhaven^ had formed a Defign to aflTaflinaie the Magiitrates of that Colony; but being dilcover'd in tij , it was eafily prevented. The Narragantfets ^n^ ^/^.j b^gidns having feveral times infefled the Englijh^ they de- manded Satisfaction ; and the Segamores chofe rather to givel it, than hazard a Waf . The Narragantfets engaged /he Ma\ quoisj or Mohocks, to adift them in profecuting the War gainft Uncas ; but when they found the Englijfj would protefil him, rhey defined. The Indians committed this Year ffrl veral Murders in Newhaven Colony and Long IJJand. Thol Er.glijh immediately demanded to have the Murderers deJ livered up, which the Savages at firft refufed; but whto| they (aw a War would be unavoidable, if they did not give Satisfadlion, they yielded to pacifick Meafures. In September, 1 648, a Synod of the NeW'England Qh!dxik wsui held at Cambridge^ and the Confejion of Faith publiilie by the Affembly of Divines at Wejiminjler, being read ovq Article by Article, was agreed to Nemine Contradicente. 1k\ then proceeded to confider the Model of Church Difciplin which had been prepared by Mr. John Cotton, Mr. Rtchm Mathitr, Mr. Ralph Partridge. The Platform they dre up, and to which the Synod agreed, is in Mr. Neal's Appe dix. Some things in it are negledted by the prefent Minif in New- England'^ the main Points, however, are ftiU iUmc, and the Difciplinc Presbyterian, which is as much as] Layman need know of the Matter. The New-England People lived in full Security, astoi Darrger from the Indians^ who of themfelves, and withe Afliftance or Intelligence with the Erench at Canada, cc do them little or no Hurt; and this Security put their He on the wrong Side at home, for want of the BallaftofPel and Afflidion from abroad. Whether it was that thtir Pi fperity made them proud, or that their Zeal languifli'di want of Exercife, they refolved to quicken a new Profa tion, and the Bapti/is came firft in their Way. The Rupturei began at Rehoheth, in Plimouth Colo v^here one Mr. Obo.diah Holmes, and 5 or 7 more of the - tiji rerfuafion, feparated from the Congregation tli Mr. Newi excommun Mr. Clark lynne in ti of Mr. mii fore the h made their the Court John Grand for contemn not confbrmi jjay their Fir darkens Friei ivas r,»I'-afed, hut Mr. Ho thirty Lafhes, Jchn 1 lafel t< before au the Iftancy, for w iCburt, and fi Ijay the Moncj (they were difi l\i^ New'i Iwith a hcaviei Country i [ersaad Leade Mary Ft/her Ann Aujiin^ Chrijiopher tbtmas Thi William Bn They were 3unciJ on thi^ )kn^ their Ofl pw, from w forfuppreffing ^"oery Majie [uaiers, tofor^ Every ^uake H of Corre ^^ntobeputan ^(ak with thtm, ^0 dij^erfi ifi If! ^e Hiftory of New-England. 103 Hit. Newmatiy Minifter of Rehobethy admonifli'd and then excommunicated Mr. Holmes, Some time after, Mr. Holmesy Mr. Ciark^ of Rhode-lOznA^ and Mr. Crandal Were feized ac hnne in rime of Divine Worfliip on a Sunday in the Houfe of Mr. fi^Uliam Witters, Being carried the next Morning be- fore the Magiftrate of the Town, Mr. Robert Bridges^ he ^ade their Mittimus and fent them to Bo/ion J ^ii, where the Court fined Mr. Clarh 20 1, or to be well whipp'd, John Cranda! ^ I. or to be whipp'd, and Mr. Ho/mes 30/. jbr contemning the Admonition and Excommunication, and not conforming to the Church. The Prifoners agreed not to ^^"pfv"'' [pay their Fines, but to fland the Whipping. Some of Mr. ,651. • Clarke's Friends paid hJs Fine without his Confent j Crandal I viis r^l'jafed, upon his Promife to appear the next Court ; but Mr. Holmes was tied to th6 Whipping Poft, and had ' thirty Laflies. As be returned to Prifon, John Spur and \john i lafel took him by the Hand in the Market place, and before al. the People praifed God for his Courage and Con- ftancy, for which they were fummon'd before the General Court, and fined 40 j. or to be whipp'd. They r^fufed to Ipay the Money ; but fome of their Friends paying it for them, Ithey were difmifled. I The New-England Minifters and Elders fell next, andrA^Quakfrs Ljth a heavier Hand, upon ^e ^akers^ who firft came to perfeet$ted. Ithis Country in the Year i dj 6. The Names of " their Speak- *^^^* lers and Leaders were Mary Fijher^ Ann Aujlin^ Chrijlopher Holder^ tbomas Thir/hne^ William Brend^ Sarah Gibbons^ Alary Prince^ Mary PVeatherhead^ Dorothy JVaugh^ yohn Copeland, They were fdzed immediately, and the Governor called a suncil on this Occafion, who ifTued Orders 10 Simon Kemp- |(i«r», their Officer, to fee thefe Quakers fliipp'd off for Bar- \dos^ from whence they came s then made fome new Laws jfor fupprefling them. , E-jery Majler of a Ship that brought thither any ^.aker or Cruel Laws \uakersy to forfeit 100/. aganfiihi^n. Every ^aker that lands in New-England to h^ ftnt to the hufe of Correffiony andfeverely whipp'd^ as they worded ir, ^m to be put and kept to bard Labour^ and none to converje or 'ptak with them. To dij^erft any of their Books or Pamphlets^ to forfeit 5 /. H 4 It ■i!f { 9^ V . ! 11 ■^ Mi I :| 'H;m-^' !■! ■if .1 :■■' ht:;.. ■ I # # J. S'f ^^'1 ■1 W.t- .; fliMiv'ii 104 Tbe Bljlory of New-England. It would have been more reafonable and Scholar-like, if they had direded Dr. Mather to anfwer Mr. Barklay*s Latin Txcmic ior ^akerifm in the fame Language, on Account of its Univerfalicy ; but Perfecutors are for the fliorteft Ways of anfweringj the Prifon, the Whipping- poft, the Pillory and the Gibbet, as we fhall find prefently. Whoever Jhall defend the Quakers, y2>fl//, for the fecond Of. fence^ hefent to the Houfe ofCorretlion till they can be hanijhd, Thefe excellent Laws were proclaimed by Beat of Drum 1 in the Streets of Bo/hn, at hearing of which, one Nicholas \ Upjhal c^me out of liis Houfe, and denounced the Judgment of Gj " ^ainft the Execution of them. The General Court had I jrl brought before them, and baniih'd him the Pro.] vince. Mary Clarke^ Wife of John Clarke of London^ Taylor,! whofe Folly in coming fo far, on fo foolifli an Errand as the Call of ^akerifn, might have deferved a Madhoufe, but did not deferve the Whipping-Poft i ftic received 30 1 Ladies. Chrijiopher Holden and John Copeland, both returned from I Banirtiment, were tied to the Poft, and had each 30 Stripes; I but thefe Whippings not being enough fevere to deter Friends from coming into the Country, the General Court refined | « upon their former Cruelty, and made the following Laws. Afore trtttl Whofoever Jhould bring any ^laker within their Jurifdu Latej. jiIq„^ to pay 100 1. U^jofoever /hould conceal a ^aker, knowing him to befuchA to pay 40 J. an Hour for fo concealing hirn. If a ^aker^ for the firjl Offence^ that is, coming New-England, after having been banijhed, if a Man, to hm\ one of his Ears cut off^ and be kept to hard Work in tk\ Houfe of Correal ion till he could bejhipp'd off" at his own ChargA n»zh.Ti\Ht ^"^ h'^^ Second Offence^ to lofe the other Ear ^ and be keptinm -If- Houfe of Corre£iion. If a Woman^ to be feverely w/)/)/i/, j and kept as of or cf aid. For the third Offisnce, Man or Womm^ to have their Tongues bored through with a hot Iron^ and thin be kept n the Houfe of Correilion till they can be Jhipfd at their own Charges, X658. Thomas Holder^ Copeland.^ and one Roufe had their Ears cut off,] September id, 1^58. In the Year preceding died William Bradford^ Efq; tliej ^'.'"."^^^Ij' ancient Governor of Plimouth Colony, in which he hadl Plimouth. been a ufeful and beloved Magiftrate, from their firft Scttle'| mcnt to his Death, 37 Years. He was fucceeded by thi- Til; •, ^e Htjiory of New-England. 105 fna! Prince y Efq; who had been fometimes chofen Governor during Mr. Bradford's Life. Tho' he was not learned him- felf he was a great Patron of Learning, and took a great deal j of pains to provide Revenues for the fetting up Grammar Schools in all Parts of the Country. fheophilus Eaton, Efq; Governor of Newhaven Colony, I from its Eftablifliment to his Death, died about the fame Francis time, and Francis Newman^ Efqj their Secretary, was chofen^ewman, ^ iGo'/ernor. „l^l Among other troublefom Fellows that came to New- \h!l!and, was f^enner, the Fifth Monarchy-Man, who, feme venner,i/« Years after, raifed a Rebellion in Lo?7don againft King ^^' J-J^|^" Charles IL for which he, and a good Number of hisNew-Eng- \Crack'd-brain*d Militants were hang'd. renner was one ofiand. iHu^h Peters*s Chn it Salem. He would fain have perfuad- a Pu.cel of fuch IVifeheads as himfeif to have deferted he Settlement at Majfachufets, and have gone to Providence. In my former Edition, I faid one of the Bahama-lQzTiAs'y but I fuppofe it might rather be Providence^ in' Ptimouih olony, on *a River fo called, where the Antinomians had Kittled. He apply'd to the Magiftrates for Leave to remove into DOther Jurifdidion, which I imagine he might have done ivithout it J and that he defired fomething more of them, « han a bare Permiffion to be gone. The Magiftrates and Duncil taking the Matter into Confideration, declared, that» pr fevcral weighty Reafons, not of Weight enough to be re- (lember'd, they could not admit of Venner's Propofal. Up- which, he flood up among them, and faid, Notwith- \anding luhat has been offer'' d^ we are clear in our Call to re- But his Companions, not being quite fo mad as him- fif, declined going off tumultuoufly, which tenner was rea- to have done. J The fakers gWrying in their Suffering?, continued to f^^^g j,^,^ pd their Notions, or rather Dreams, and were {eized, L.tm af^uiKji imprifon'd, and whipped. The Magiftrates ilTued ftillQ.y'»kers. ore cruel Laws againft them, That they Jhould be whipp''d )nce a IFeek, and each time to have the Stripes increafed, ne Harris, who came from Barbados, had this Punifhmenc Sided on him j ih had others, and one of them was al- oft whipp'd to Death. I am alhamed to write it. There be two ^ake'fs, of the Name of Southick, who being ed Ten Pounds for not coming to Church, there ciWedTheyaretnh \teiing, and refufing to work in Jaill, or pay the Money ,^',^'^ '" *'" [re order'd to be fold to the Plantations, by an Order ""'"""' ' wd by Edward Raw/Qn, Efqj Secretary to the General Court} |;!;i i'..-v i. *■; ( ::i|. : 1' 4(i ■■'.M iiV 'Wf- ' ; ■ •) ': io6 7lbe Hiftory g^ New-England. i- Court; but the Order was not executed, ^tlliam Brtni\ and If^tliiafn Leddra, two P'oreigners, were whipp'd at Bojitn. \ but this Perfecution having the Effcd that all Ecclefial^jcaj Perrecutions ever had, that of encreafing the Number of tlie ^takers^ Sanguis Mar-tyrorum Semen Etclefia^ the Blood of I the Martyrs was, in the primitive Times, the Seed of thj Church. The Magiflraces of New-England^ Minifters and! Eiders, refolved to pufli their Severity as far it could go, and jniflj'don jjf \^^ a Law was made to banifli them, on Pain of Death I Jj^jtl. The Court of Magiftrates pafled this Law for putting theml to Death without Trial by a Jury; but the General Aflemblyl or Court of Deputies, oppoled it, and infifted upon a Clauie'l for Trial by a Jury, till the Magiftrates prevailed with twol of them to change Sides, and then the Law was carried byl a fingie Voce, the Speaker and x i being againll it, and nl for it. And thus every Court confifting of 3 MagiftraJ might give Judgment to Death. However, the Twelve wb were againft the Bill refclved to enter their Protefts, andl rather than not have it pafs currently, the others at Ijft agreed to qualify it, by adding thefe Words, *Being tridl Special "Jury. As foon as the Magiftrates had got this Law on the Side, they went to work, and taking hold of certain QuakersJ 9 who had been bani/hed and were come back again, central to Law, they proceeded to Execution. William Robinjun^ London^ Merchant, Marmaiuke Sentemun^ of Torkjhire^ Yei man, and Mary Dyer were brought before them, and asit'ij why they came into the yurijditiion^ ^fi^f they had been banijl upon Pain of Death P They reply'd. They came in Obtdh to the Call of the Lord. Let it not be faid, by their Perie cutors, thu their Term Call is Cant and Jargon^ isiti tlie fame Term that the New-England Minifters and Elda had ufed a thuufand and a thoufand times ? I will not fay i ro better Grounds. Thefe People as much believed the ielves to be in the right, as Mr. John Elliot^ Nr. thm Hooker, or Mr. Richard Mather did, and the Governii had no more Jurifdidlion over their Confciences, thani Spiritual Courts in England had over their own. Was 1 the Squabble about the Covenant of Grace and the Ctnn\ if Works as much Jargon and Cant to fober, judicioi Chriftiam^ as the Quaker's Spirit^ and the Light witkk Notwithftanding this, Friends were brought to the The Gcvey- oncc mote, and Endicot, the Governor, who had nor'tSptnh ycry adbivc in thefe Scourging^, Mutilatings, &c. fp( ^*/o»«f<^;4' follows: We have made many Laws^ and endeavmtU £xeaition. /everal frays, to keep yoitfromus'^ but I jind ntitbtrm "* loj Use Hijlory of New-England. piflffj nor Imprifonment, nor cutting off of Earsy nor Banifli- jijent upof Pa>n of Death, will keep you from us. J defin fotyour Death. Did he not defire the Adt for hanging them jhould pafs, did he defign to pardon or reprieve them ? He knew they wou'd not fubmit. Miferablc S'ophiftry i Having faid he defired not their Death, he paft Sentence upon them, U be hang'd on the Gallows till they be dead, which was accord- iflffly executed. Several Quakers were banifh'd on Pain oiTf^ty^ar Death, who never returned into the Country, as Laurence '""^'^ Uiuthick, Cqffandra Southick, a Heathenifli Name for a Shu {Friend i S.Shattock^ N. Phelps and Others, but IVilliam Led- J, who had been fcveral Times feverely whipp*d, turn'd lout of the Jurifdidion and at laii: banifh'd, coming again to jlon, was hang'd March the i4Ch, 1660 : Some of his laft ,(550. IWords at the Gallows were. For bearing my Tcjlimony againji \the Deceivers and Deceiv'd^ lam brought here to fuffer, Mr, Vileal tells us what the New-England Maglftrates (aid to juftifie Ithefe Sacrifices to their Authority, little likelihood of their bc- |ing enough Reafon in their Arguments to put Perfons to [Death for Principles of Confciencc. If it be true as they [wrote, that the Quakers ran about the Streets, crying ouc gainft the Sins of the People, there might have been a ladhoufe fet apart for them, and Darknefs, Solitude, Bread nd Water been their Portion, till they rccover'd their Senfes. , \li Deborah fVilfon march*d thro* the Streets of Salem ftark naked, the Hangman might have flogg'd her with the more \dvantage, and (he richly deferved it . I meet with (bme ^igns of Frenxy and Folly in the Rants and Riots of the Qua- ker«, but nothing for which they Ihou'd have been hang'd, [id thefe New-England Magiilrates ad:ed like the ignorant Surgeon, that knew no way of curing a bad Limb but by cutting it off. Indeed Endicot and Bellingham, (iiccedivcly jovernors of the Maffachufets Colony, were as real Bigots in eir way, as Archbilliop Laud was in his, and where Bigotry brives, like a rank Weed it kills every good Plant about it. While thefe Things were ading in America^ Monk, the lumfs General in England betray'd them, and brought in Zharles the lid, who is now known to have been a Paipift, vhen Monky at that time an Independent or Presbyterian, [lade way for his return to England. He had at firit few (ibout him but Presbyterians, and indeed the Presbyterians jght to have the Honour of being the chief Inftruraents of his Reftoration, tho' they paid dearly for it in a Year or two. The Government of New-England difpatch'd Simon Brad' beety Efq; Secretary of the Majfachufets, and Mr. John '^mon^ Miniftcr at Bojion^ with a Congratulary Addrefs to the art t ■ '•■ 9 r*« "^1 ' '' 1 ''ii: h'''' n '■IB''' 'i; '■;'■ * :':■!' ! V . M ' • ■''11 ,.{ .( i » .i'l' 'Pl k ' 1 « ■ , I M ti 5 u!'. I i 'it ■?- . ■*'•, S'"*' i,. > m J he Cnlony mddrrjfih QuiiLi lid Kf>ft Miu'iJicT. 108 T*//^ ///;/^i>ry ^ New-England. the King, who gave them good Words in Anfwer to it. The Quakers in their Rcprefentation to him, fpeaking of | this Mr. Norton^ who dy'd of an Apoplexy Toon after his re. turn to New- England y having had a deep Hand in the Exe- cution of their Friends^ fay, John Norton, chief Prieft j^ The Slnahr, Bo/ion^ by the immediate Power of the Lord^ was /mitten and *)(«inft A.r. oi he was ftnking down by the Fire fide ^ being under jufi Jud^. menty he confefs'd the Hand of thi Lord was upon h'm and fo he died If he was acceflbry to the Death of any of I thofe mifguided People, the Quakers might as well load hii Charader with this Judgment, as fome of the Miniiters hjvc j loaded the Characters of others with the like. I obfervc that I Bigots m all Perfuafions arm themfelves with thefe Judgmentj | againft their Opponents; fnthufiafm and Malice are equally confpicuous in all, and to be rejedted by Men in a juiter and cooler way of thinking. Thefe did not afcribe Mr. Norunh Apoplexy to a ftrolce of Heaven, but rather thought it came upon him by Grief, at the Treatment he met with even from fome of his Friends, at hisreturn to New-England^ for Both he | and Bradjireet had, they rhoughr, flatter'd K ing Charln too | /A^p/^ (7r;V/^uch in their Addrefles; they told Mr. A'/??/(7« to his) Face, th^H Sick- He had laid the Foundation oj the Rum of their Liherties. Mr,' Neal fays of him, " He was certainly a Man of warm Pairions, I " and of a cholerick Temper, rare comhujlables to be blnim " up by rojh Zeal^ and objtinate Bigottry. He was at the Head of all the Quakers Sufferings, and neither his Learning nor his Puratinifm can atone for that unchriftian and unjufti* fiable Severity. Tho' Sir William Morrice^ Secretary to K. Charles lid, was fo Zealous a Presbyterian, that he wrote I a Book in vindication of Prcfbytery, and tho' he was as M'd\\ Kinfman and Aflilhnt, very much in Favour, yet he cou'd not hinder that King's fending an Order, dated Sept. 9, idf^ij and fign'd by IVtlliam Morrice, to Governor Endicot^ to flop all Proceedings againft the Quakers, which obiig'd the] Government there to give over hanging them, but they con. tinu'd the whipping of them without Mercy. Soon after the Keftoration of King Charles dy'd the Old I Indian King Maffafoit. His two Sons IVanifutta and M(-\ i^amei fk-tacomet, came to the Court at P//W«^y^, anddefired to have lexander, Englijh Namcs given them, fo they had Political, tho' not Chriftian Baptifm j IVanifutta was call'd Alexander ^ and Mf\ tacomet, Philip: But notwithftanding their ProfefTions oPl Friendfliip, the Court had Information a few Months after, | that Alexander was foliciting the Narragant/ets to make War upon them J upon which Edward IVinfiow^ Efq; Major- • " Qtmi\ 1663 Wht difSr,, nefit MafTaflbii'i $»n Sens take the »nd Philip ' I'he Hifory of New-England. lo6 General of the Colony, an Officer put over the /«^//ui*s of the Poets. The reft ptche Allegations againft this crazy Creature, are too trifling lobe repeated. This great BuHnefs being difpatch'd, the Magiftrates of yMntiiicut bethought Themfeives they had no Charter, with- £ vjhtchy fays my Author, They %], before- mention'd, was the Son cf an Indian Convert, '^'"^^^*'"' ho had been educated in the Chriftian Faith j but, when blcl7e7a ;came to judge for himfelf, he returned to the Religion ^'«'«'«'"' his Anceftors, and became Secretary to Philip. After bmc time he came back to the Englijh^ changed his Reli- [on, and feem*d fo fiiicerc in it, that he was r.dmitted to [hat is there called Church-memberjhipy i. e. to receive the krament; after which he was conftituted a Preacher, and •M upon the Watnpanoag Miflion, in which he got Incelli- hce of that King's Delign againft the Englijh^ and gave [oiice of it to the Governor of Plimcuth, of which Phi- had quick Information, and took fuch Meafures upon [as Qo^ Sanfaman his Life; for as he was travelling the y"'""*^* ouDiry alone in the Winter-time, two or three of Philifs *"*** I Men J 1. «' d If m ''} -A ,-"! « ■*'l!,i^> i't -* i!/>i ■■fell 114 Jlnd at Dr. ^le liijlory oyT New-England. Men lay in Ambufh for him, and murder'd him as he was i going over a Pond, throwing him into a Hole in the Ice to conceal the Fa6t, leaving his Hat and Gun on the Outfide that it might be thought he had flipt in and was drowri'd-l but the Governor of Plimouth fufpeding he was murder'/l order'd his Body to be. dug up, after it had been taken outl of the Pond and buried, and impannelPd a Jury to fit uponl it, who, upon examining the Body, found his Neck broke | the Head very much fwell'd, and Bruifes in fcveral cihell Parts, upon which they brought in their Verdi(Si; Wiifl Murder. It is with fome Regret that I mention what foj lows, becaufe it is extremely weak. " Dr. Mather fays *' that when Tobias^ one of King Philip's Counfellors, who ** was fufpeded of the Murder, apprpached the Body, Zl'tll'nmh'l^*' ^^^^ ^ bleeding; and that, upon repeating the Experimen of the Mnu " fevctal times, it always bled afrefli." Old Women and QilJ dcTe\ ^ren have this foolifh Conceit, which was formerly inculcatcJ by thofe that were wifer, with a good Defign to find out tbj Criminal by his Terror, at the Belief of fuch a Report, i| having been common for fuch a one to fhake at approachiii the Carcafs, and thereby be drawn into Confcffion; m Men in their Wits will believe that the Approach of ih guilty Perfon would asfoonraife the Dead to Life, as ma him bleed once and again. *Tis ridiculous, and the Juftiq of Peace, tho' in the Region of Witchcrafts would not con mic Tobias on that Evidence j but Patuckfov^ another l\ diav^ coming in, and fwearing that he faw him and hisSa kill poor Sanfaman^ together with Mattajhinamy^ a third /J diatiy they were feized, imprifon'd, and, after a fair Trial by] Jury, halUndians, were convif^edand executed. ;i ;i. ;. ; CHAP. III. Frorr King Philip's, or the Second Indian Wi to the Troubles and Executions about Wl craft. Containing the Space of i8 Years. p HI Lip's Refentment for the banging two of hisCa -* fellors, quickned his Refolution to break with the£j lijh intirely, i^nd revenge himfelf for all the Affironts they I I^he Hijlory of New-England. "^ put upon him j and truly, if we look upon him as a So- vereign, independent of any other Prince or People, abfolute in his Kingdom, valiant and enterprising, one /hall wonder how he bore with them fo long ; for 'tis plain they dealt with himss their Vaflal. They forbad him to fell his Lands with- out their Leave, or to make War with any of his Neighbours till he had Permiflion from them. They fent for him to their Courts, as our Country Juftices would fend for an Offender by his Conftables. The Indians are not now the Men they tu Indians were when Mr. Winjlmi) the Father fir ft went amongft them.";' ''*' "*'*' T\icEngliJh had been amongft them between 5b and 60 ^'^'^.^'"^ Years, and had taught them many of their Cuftoms, one very (iangerous, the Ufe and Practice of Arms. They were almoft every where intermix'd with the EngUJh Plantations on the Borders, and thofe that could be at the Charge drefled and lived like the Engl'ijh. Several thoufands of them were be- come Chriftians, which was the greateft Advantage the Eng- lijh had againft them ; for the new Converts were very faith- ful to the Chriftians, and fought in their and their own Dc- [ fence as chearfully and as fuccefsfuUy as the EngUJh ihemfelves. While the War was brooding between Philip and the I Colony of Plimoutb, there was an Execution at Bo^on, very remarkable at that time, but in ours made familiar by the Frequency of it. Some villainous Seamen on board a [Ship, bound from the Streights to London, feized the Mafter land fome of his Officers, and turned them out into the I Long-boat, with a fmall Quantity of Provifions, about 100 Leagues to the Weft of the Spanijh Coaft, and then made I with the Ship for New-England. The Mafter and thofe Iwith him in the Long-boat were forced to drive before the [wind, which brought them alfo to the Port where his Men vere juft com^ before him. Thefe two Companies were very much furprized at meeting each other j the Mafter im- nediately apply'd to the Government to have his Crew ar- ^efted, and it was done. They were tried and condemned piratet for Piracy, and their Ringleaders hanged. The Chief oihaugd,, hem was one Foreji, who faid at the Gallows, / have been mong draiun Swords^ flying Bullets^ and roaring Cannons, a- non^fi all which I knew not what Fear meant j but I now have frtadful Apprehenjions of the IVrath of God in the other IVorld '^am going into, my Soul within me is amazed at it. King Philip's chief Refidence was near Mount Hope, and [hereabouts began the Ads of H(»ftility. Some of his Men Intered and plundered a neighbouring EngUJh Plantation, vhere an Englijhman firing his Piece, wounded an Indian, The Governor of Plimouth fent to know the Reafon of this I 2 Violence^ '■^.'»? ii iii- /' ;.' :r '■ !i il 'k uV-^ I- .ijij •h ■Ik. ' -i^ii:/. ii6 7J&^ Hlflory o/' New-England. T67^ tr/r- Philip Violence; but, inftead of rubmitting, as before, the Indians encer'd the Town ot Swanfey by Night, and killed fix Men hiving murder'd three the Day before, zs they were work' ii g the Fields. The War being thus begun, Mr. WinJloWy Governor of Plimouth, fent Advice of it to the other Colonies, Maja- chufetSy Conneilkut and Ntwhaven^ and demanded Afliftance according to the Articles of Confederacy. The Majfachujeu t'ifpitch'd away Capt. Prentice with a Troop of Horfe, and Capt. Henchman with a Company of Foot, who were follow'd by a Company of Volunteers under Capt. Mofeleyy whojoin'd the Plimouth Foi ccs, commanded by Capt. Cudworth, at Swan- fey. A Party ( f i2 Men were fent towards Mount Hope^ia look out the Fneuiy, who from behind the Bufhes fliot one of the Eng/i/h, wounded another, and then took to their Heels. The next Morning all the Englijh came up with the Indians^ and ofFer'd them Battle, which they avoided, and having ftood one Fire only, fled, and abandoned their Coun. try to the Mercy of the Englijh^ who immediately tookPof. I feffion of Mount Hope, and ravaged the Parts adjacent. Capt, j Prentice^ with the Majfachufet Forces, march'd intathe Nar. I ;77_g-««//^/ Territories, to require them peremptorily to renounce all Alliances with Philip, and enter into a League ofFenfive and defenlivi with the EngUft), which they did, and figned Articles | of Peace, July iq, obliging themfelves to aflift the Eni^ K'VP'i'\F'^againll Philip and all their Enemies. The Englifl), for theirl ^ 20 Iw.i. ^Encouragement, promiled them twenty good Coats for?i/, ///)'s Head, and two Coats for every PVampanoag that then fhould deliver up to theEngli/h alive, and one Coat if dead. I Caf^t Ci;d- Capt. Cudworth, a brave Man, was fent with theP/J ^TT!'1'^ f^"^^^ Forces to fecure the Pocajfets, and prevent their joinj Jil« hiii^ po fecured the feveral Avenues to it, and fent a Detach- /'^tft^fV?' -p," pu to the Relief of Mendham in Suffolk County, where 1 3 the 1 ■;l m: J MA .«! ft*i Ii8 js;. V? ■I f n •f:^ '* 'V' ■ : r 'J£fcxipii. «>YL.i'f,iifh 75^^ Hijlory o/* New-England. the Nipmuck Indians were maki' , terrible Spoil. PJAllp himfelf was intheThiclcet» block'd up by the Englijh^ whole wonted Intrepidity forfook them on that Occafioni for had they puih'd their Attack as refolutely as might have been ex- pedted from them, he muft have furrender'd, and, to avoid being ftarved by the Blockade, as the Englijh had projedled he had Recourfe to a' Stratagem. A large River ran by the Side of the Thicket, v/hich part of the Blockade were or- der'd to have an Eye uponj but Philip having cut (icwn foijie Rafts of Tirnber, crofled the River upon fhem in tiie Deid of the Night, when the Tide was low, wiihout being obferved by the Blockaders^ and efc^ped v^ith trioi': o*" bis Men into the Nipmuck Territories. Thofc rhat wese left behind, above loo, furrendcrd at Difcrction By thefethe A'wg-////; underftood Pbit'ipwds iV.pt from tliem; they purfued him by the Direction of the Ai^ begin, or Neu^-yirk Indion\ but could not come up with him. About ^o of his Iv1?,i, who lagg'd behind, were cut oiJj and the War \viucks killed four Men at Mendham, which began the Hci^»'«tits in the MaJptchufetSy the Government of which Colony were willing to bring them to Reafon by a Treaty, ioi which Purpofe they fent Capt. HuUhinfon and Cape. iVhcder to confer with them. They ftom'd at firft to in- , cline to an Accommodation ; but Philip and his Men being come to fupport them, they fired upon Capt. Huuhhijm I i^nd thofe that were with him from an Ambufcade, wounded! the Captain, and killed 8 of his Men j the reft fled to ^a- boagy or Roch field ^ a Village about 70 Miles from Boftm., io] the Road to ConneSiicut. Philip^ who had much augment- ed his Forces, purfued them ; and finding the Englijh, to thel Number of about 70, were retired to a Houfe which they J were refolved to defend, he fet Fire to all the other Houfesl in ^ahoag, and attempted to burn that in which were tJiel Body of the Engli/h, Having attack'd in vain, he threw] Firebands into it, made of Rags tied to the End of Pola dipt in burning Brimftone, which having little or no EfFeflJ he caufed a Cart to be filled with Flax, Hemp, and oth cotnbuftible Matter, which his Men pufli'd on with lond Poles, fpliced one to another, which would certainly havj anfwcr'd his End, had not a great Rain fuddenly falliil and cxtinguilh'd the Fire in the Machine before took the Houfe. Thofe within it behaved with wool derful Bravery, and were at laft relieved by Major M lard, who by Accident heard of their Difirefs, whentlj f , farm The Hiflory c/" New-England. 119 fartheft Party of the Forces of the Colony were within a Day or two's March of them. He had not quite 50 Men with him ; but coming upon the Indians in the Night, when they were in full Security, as they imagined, he killed above 80 of them, and drove the reft into the Woods. Philip retreat- ed towards the Nipmuck Country. Capt. Lathrop and Capt. Biers having joined the Conne£iicut Forces, under Major Tr^tf/, march'd after to obferve him. The Governor having • Kotice that the Savages, bordering on that Colony to the South- Weft, were in Motion, fent an Officer with a Party to demand Hoftages ; but Philip was beforehand with him, ^* ,,d had fo far prevailed with the People, that they mutiny'd. vv^hen the King fliewed an Inclination to keep Peace with /^« Indian |the Colony, and finding him dciiiiiiiined not to break with ^'<^ I"'"- \mEnglifh^ they murder'd him, abandoned :heir Houfes, w;.!i^w'* ' nd joined Philip and the Nipmucks. Capt. Lathrop and f/« Engl iih. [Capt. Beers endeavouring to prevent their Intention, purfued Ithem, and came up with them at a Place called by the Eng-' Sugar Loaf Hill, 10 Miles above Hatfield in Hampjhire, Iwhere they skirmiftied with them, kill'd 26, with the Lofs of lio of their own Men. The reft of thofe Savages efcaped to whofe Courage and Condudt in this War are as wor- Ithy of Praife as the heroick Adions of the great Captains of bdquity, making due Allowances for Numbers, Riches and iges. By this time the Savages in all the feveral Colonies were I Arms. The Town of Deerfield is moft within Land of ny in Conne&icut Colony, and the Savages laid all the Houfes f the Plantations thereabouts in Aflies. The Inhabitants of he Town fliut themfelves up in a flight Fortification raifed in lafte, and the Indians did not think fit to attack them, buc ' |ew 8 Men in the Woods at Squakbeag, Capt. Beers^ with I Party of 36 Men, was fent to fetch off the Garrifon at )tirfield, and other frontier Places j but he was intercepted w the Savages, and cut to Pieces with 20 of his Covrnpuny, Capt.Bteit he reft efcaped to Hadley. Major Trm/ was difpatched with*'''*'''" larger Detachment to bring off the Englijh in thofe out llantations, which was done in fuch Hafte, that they came U) without their Corn, which lay threfli'd at Deerfield, [0 fetch this, Capt. Lathrop^ with a Party of Men, convoy'd jme Carts } and, September 15, was furrounded by the In- THe Captain thinking he (hould come oft beft by 1676 \ans. ping behind Trees, as the Savages did, expofed his Men : llaughter'd. For the Indians being better Markfmen, them down one after another; whereas, if they had ipc in a Body, they might have broke through them to fome I4. of ii' \".\\' %'•' ii II' i t\ ,'"' <4>'i V ' 1 120 ':ii" m. U ^4^1 i^-fiv i- I « a '«';l The Hijlory o/New-Eng!and. of the nciahbourinK Garrifons , but, by this fatal Midab f,f»' La himlc'.f atid 70 of his Men, the Flower of E/px^ vvcre fnci'iii '^ '"^ ^'"'^» which was the greateft Lofs the Colonies had yet met k.ud, wirh. Capt. Mo/fly^ hearing the Noife of the Fire, haften'd to the Relief of Capt. Latbrop j and tho' he came too late he briskly charged the Indians^ and flew at'ovc 100 of theni' with the Lofs of only two of the Engli/h. Nocwithft "ng the Savages to the VVeftward, bordering on ConneSficut River, had given Hoftages for their preferv. ing the Peace; yet, encourged by their late Succefs agrinft Cape. Latbrop, they fell upon Springfield in Hampjblre^ i leir Hoftages having found Means to make their Efcape. They burnt 32 Houfes, and, among others, that of Mr. Gkvir' the Minifter, with his good Library. All the Inhabitants! there had been naaflacred, had not Toto^ an honcft hdim given them timely Notice of the Savages coming, upon which they retired ioto thfc fortify'd Places in the Town which they made a fliift to defend, till Capt. y^pphton ciime I up with his Force;, and then the Indians made off. For the Prefervation of hampfnire^ which was molt expofed to the Ravages of the Enemy, the Government of New-En^UnA order'd all the Forces in the Conne^icut Colony to rendei- vous about Hadley^ Northampton 'itnd Hatfield, FronticrTowns, which being done before the Indians had Intelligence of jr 800 of them fell upon Hatfield^ and met with fo warma ReccpJ tion, that they were not only beaten off, but pufh'd inro C'A met i cut River, where a great many of them were drown'dj and this Repuife was fuch a Check to them, that they gavel over infefting thofe Wcftern Plantations, and retreating iniJ Narragontj'eti Country, were there fheker'd, contrary toj the Articles of Peace, which the Commiflioners of thjl United Colonies voted to be a Breach of it \ and, upon InJ formation that thofe Narrogantjets intendcJ to join in \^'ar againft them next Spring, they order'd 'J'ifiab WufA Efq; Governor of PHmoutb^'mih 100 Men, half of themj Alajfachufeth^ and \\A{ ConnetlicuCz 2Lnd Plimjutb\ to invad^ the Country of the Narragantfitt. and deftroy it with Fir; and Sword. Winjloxv pafled the River Patuxet the Beginning of December^ having for his Guiuc one Peter, who, bytiii Na-ne, ihould be a Cbrijiian, and who having received tbi,« Dilguil from his Couhtrymen the Narrugan{feiSy\\[\Q[h of December. The fame Da)l 5 m Oenrral Wiiflnv f'-'-d'li-i rbf Nvrag» t- Icu. Tie Hiftory of New-England. lit Lo Mohegin Indians \o\xC^ the Army under General fVinflow^ who marched up into the Counrry 16 Miles to attack an In- \hn For^ raifed on an Ifland in the Midft of an horrible Iswamp, a^^^ '^ w*^ accelTible but one way, to which Peter Idircftcd the Englijh, who refolved ro ftorm it immcHiacely. * iDpt. Mofely and Capt. Davenport led the Van of the MajJ'a- yyfet Forces, Capt. Gardner and Capt, Johnfon were in the Icenter, Major Jppleton and Capt. Oliver brought up the iRear General Winjlow^ with the Plimouth Forces, was in the Icenter of the whole Army, and Major Tieaty Capt. Gallops ICapt' Sf^bt Cape. Mafon and Capt. JVillis b jught up the ^ear with the Conneilicuts. They enter'd the Swamp, and creiTed forwards, as Peter directed them, to a Breach, which hey mounted with great Intrepidity, receiving the Fire of [he Enemy from the Blockhoufe. The Savages defended the breach fo refolutely, that fix valiant Captains of the Eng- 6 EnglA m Davenport, Gardner, John/on, Gallop, Senly and ^'^^'^^-lli^* yd fell in the Attack. The Death of thefe Officers, in- Head of difcourtgiiig, inflamed the Spirits of their Soldiers, vbo beat the Enemy from one Cover'd Way to another, ithey had driven them out of all their Fences into a va(l iar Swamp at looie Dillance, after which they fee Fire to |he Fort, and levell'd the Fortifications, which were the moll gular the Indians ever raifed j and the Reader will obferve, hat the Englijh had not to do with a Parcel of naked, ftupid, atbarous Creatures, fuch as dwelt in the Wilderneffes i?hen Sir Francis Drake came hither ; but with a People hat underftood how to provide for themfelves as well as hey did, had they the fame Conveniencies and Commo- (itiK. Seven hundred fighting Men of the Indians perifti'd A grett thisAdtion, among v/hom were above 20 of their chief '^'"f*^^ aptains, befides 300 that died of their Wounds, and j'« ° *** aft Number of Men, Women and Children, who had (fowded into the Fort, as thinking it impregnable, and there erilh'd. Of the Englijh, 85, with the 6 Captains, were (ird, and 150 wounded. This was a very gallant Adion, pdche Memory of it ought to be preferved, for the Honour of ofethat were engaged in.it. 'Tis plain the Savages could kake nothing of it in the War with the Englijh, when the [tter came againft them in great Bodies j but being fwif: of Dotj and capable of enduring the Hardihips of a Winter ampaign, they did a great deal of Mifchief while the Chri- \ani were in Quarters; efpecially after they had received lecruits from the French at Canada. With thefe Recruits Tht French |ey burnt the Town of Mendham, after the Inhabitants had '^'fi ''"^ ,^ iferted it. They carried oflf 200 Sheep 50 Head of neatyjEngiuh. Cattle, 1 4' ! * > i ■ ■! ' 4 i' ^1! m, 22 7be Hiftory of New- England. >■• ! u%,,f\ 100 Indians. Major ToUot cnrer'd the Narragantfet Country | and cut off 360. Thcfe Misfortunes, and \\\c Famine jj Thtj^txn which the Savages were reduced, for wane of minding thdr frfrfiD/y/r#/i Karvcft, fo diftrefs'd them, that 200 of tht 1 "ariic toP/,.| mouthy and fubmitted to Mercy. That Government p^r. don'd all but three, who being convidcd byoncof thcii ownj Company of a cruel Murder and villainous Alfault un ih(| Houfe of Mr. Clark of that Town, were executed. The Government of ihcMaJJachufets put our a Proclamj,! tion, offering Pardon to all Indians that fubmitted in ij Days, which had a good Effe£t. About the fame time, Philip^ at the Head of acoSava^h affaulted the Town, and met with fo refolute a I^efiihnce the Inhabitants having Intelligence of his coming by a N^^ gro, that he retreated j and, not knowing where to go fori iihelter, took to his old Qimrters about Mount Hrpc^ in M Jurifdidion of Plimouth^ where he had like to have rurprizejl Major Bradford in an Ambulh ; but the Major clifengjgeij himfelf without any Lofs, and marched into the Territory ofl Jli$dfubmli,\}neSaconftSf whofe Queen, with 90 of her Subjects, cainel to him, laid down their Arms, and fubmitted to Mercy. Captj Church, with no more than 1 8 EngHJh and 2 1 Confcdcraiel Indians worfted the Enemy in four feveral Kngagrments,with.| out the Lofs of one of his Men. A Party of Savages venturin?i in the Majfachufets fo far as Dcdham, within a few Milesof fi;J ton, was attack'd by 26 Englijh, and 10 Confederate Iiid'anJ who took 50 of them ; among whom was Powham^ a mi^hJ Narragantfet Sachem^ who, tho' he was fo wounded that hd was left for dead, yet when one of the Englifl) came to m him, he got hold of the Hair of his Head, and would hiva kiird him, if fome of his Friends had not come to his h lief. At thr latter End of Julyt a Segamore of the Nipnmi Indians, with 180 of his Men, laid down his Arms; andj < * to ingratiate himfelf with the Englifh, brought in Prilbner M^ ioonas and his Son. Mntoonas was the firft Savage ihatap peared in Arras in the Majfachufets fincc this War, for whid the Engujh order'd "John the Aipmiick Segamore to ihoot hie and he immediately fhot him. The Son was pardon'd. Iij the famt Month, a fmall Furty of Englijh marching out c Bridgwater, in Pitmouth County, fell in with a Company! Indians, with Philip at their Head. Philip commanda his Men to iirej but their Pieces being wet would not | off; upon which they took to their Heels, and the Enflt% purfuing them killed 10, and took 15 Prifoners, with a ^ Booty. Auguj} I, Capt. Churchy with about 30 tniUpi 44 The Hijlory 0/ New-England. 125 jiConfitlcratc Jiuiianf^ took 2^ Savages, and the next Morn- L llirpri^ctl King Philip in his new Quarters, killed 1^0 of liMcn, ami took his Wife and Son Prifoncrs, himiclt hard- ly dcaping. ■ Ijy all this we perceive, that the War of the Indians is a oft CJamc to them ; ihty arc reduced to the laft Extremity, ndthcir AlVociatcs and Ncipjhbours forfake and betray them. ^11 Indian Defer ter came to ^Taunton^ and gave Information lilt the Hody of the Enemy was in the neighbouring Woods. nil might eafily be furpri/.ed; upon which the EngliJI) fally'd lit upon them, and brought in z6 Prifoners. In the Skir- [iHi which happcn'd here, ihc brave Queen of Pocaffet ani- '^*' ^Zi""? ^ Led her Men wirh her Prefence as long as there was any 'iJ'^""^^«i Lie of Succefs : but being traiteroufly deferted by them, Death. fled to her Canoe, hoping ["to pafs the River j but not ling it ready, flie attempted to crofs it on a Piece of fimber, which giving under her, flie was drown'd. Her dy was thrown afliore Ibmc time after at Metapoifet^ where inilifh finding it, cut off the Head, not knowing whofe Hvas, and fet it up on a Pole in Taunton^ which the Indians eing, made hideous Howlings and Lamentations for her. W/;^, her Kinfman and Confederate, was foon after be- jiywi by one of his own l''ricnds and Counfellors, who be- g difgufted at him for killing an Indian who only venn^red I meniion to Him an Expedient for making a Peace with the ), ran away to Rhode-IJJandy and informed Capt. ]Lurch where he was, and how he might be iurprized. \?hiiip fufpctSed this Savage's Treafon as foon as he mifs'd n, and communicated his Sufpicion and his Dreams con- lingit to his Friends. Capt. Churchy with a fmall Party, Irpriiing him and his few Attendants in a Swamp, Phi- I attempted to make his Efcape out of it ^ but an Engli/hman an Indian firing at him, the Englijhman*s Piece being Klnji Phiiip |{t, did not go off, but the Indian Hiot him through thc-J'."'*^''"'*"- art, Augujl the 1 zth, 16-] 6. His Body was quartered and '*"' I upon Poles, and his Head was carried in Triumph to Pli- nth, where his Skull is preferved as a Curioficy to be feen hi* skuii Ithis Day. , /'"»»" '»' '*<* lln his murdering the Maquas and his Counfellor, who ^'*^' ppofed a Treaty to him, the Barbarian was uppermoft, his End fuitable to his Guilt ; but in the Beginning and [ufe of the War, his Love of Liberty and his forming his Wederacy, there was nothing barbarous and unbecoming good Prince, and true Lover of his Country. The /«- [w in the Eajhrn Parts of New- England had more juft avocations to quarrel with the Engl^ than thofe in the Wejiern '%\ m %-^ 126 'i^ tne New- England Warm the ];» '^■ ■.::"P-r:» cc cc (C cc cc cc 7%e WJlory £/" New-England. Weflern and Southrn had. Mr. A'i?^?/ opens the Account the War in the Eaji thus. ** The Indians bordering on the Provinces of Maine ant NeW'HampJhire^ lying beyond Pifcataqua River, had dri^ ven a very profitable Trade with the Ei^lijh^ who had fettled there from the MajfachufeU, They weri without the Line of that Charter, and confequently a dil tindt Government by themfelves, tho' the Proprietors \i never any Grant from the Crown." And I mult needs owr, I do not fee that they wanted any, unlefsit was to impowt them to exercife Authority over their Fellow-Subjeds. I (jj not think, with that Author, that they omitted to byil Towns purely for being fo intent upon Trade j but becauj they were willing to fee how they fliould like the Count before they fettled in it for good. He adds, *' They cheate •' the Natives in the moft open and barefaced Manner ii ^ ginable, and treated them like Slaves, of which they wt ** enough fenfible ; and within a Month after 'he breakit ** out of the Philippick War, they gave the Englijl to . " derftand, they would bear their Infulcs no longer." C« tainly thefe Men of New-Hamp/hire and Maine did d: come to New-Englaud only to propagate the Gofpel, or joy j5he Liberty of theii Confciences, Fraud and Opprd bei% the Reverfe of fuch pious Sentiments, and as irrea cileable as Angels of Light and Darknefs. The Engliji Indians began the Rupture with giving one another Words, which foon came to Blows, and turned from Scuii] to Battling. The Savages being encouraged by the Exam} of the WampanoagSy Narragantfets^ Nipmucks, Sacmls PocaJ/ets, fell upon the Englijh^iS often as they had a fair portunity, and, after three or four Months skirmilhing which they loft 90 and the Englijh 50 of their People, ti came down out of the ^Woods and broke in upon Englijh Plantations, near IVells^ in the County of Mais, ihey burnt Capt. Bonithon's Houfe to the Ground, and fieged Major Philips*s\ but the Major, with 10 Men 01 fo bravely defended it, that the Savages retired, with the I of 20 or 30 of their Company. From thence they went Cafco, and murder'd Mr. JFakely and 5 Women and I next Day fu Vjl) with hii land fome c Tlie Savag land the Jact (quitted the \iaboc Riverj The Gov( \ik Englijh ' junderthe C (others, who [plundering I (them all Prifi i2oo, were fc 'were execute lome upon f This Blow lor and Cour eedon aboi lip, between 1 'isMug, a ere ib ill pe fend Major Z/' fpecially with :he Savages bd ly of them, t 'ith no othct his Men. oncluded, th( ho were to dians, and, :iiit Kent for Irierors of thof We Confidcr Such was th ear and fix or ut 3000 Indi 'pare the Lof] cfe diey loft. dren |of his Family. They kill'd Capt. Lake, at AnmfJ^d the Indians Ifland in Kennebec k-Kiwtv, and as many Englijh as cam^ their Way. At Oi^er-Kivei they burnt the two CM Houfes, and killed two Men. A fmall Party fent by Lij tenant Plaijied to the Affiftance of the Englifh ihereal) fell into an Ambulh, three of them were killed, and reft efcaped with great Difficulty, Plaijied was himfelfl [emfelves, Fai W'Jh finding V^'HampJhire tended their w^'thin a fe\i ) ^tedick^ & \ i.fl •;« 7he Hi/lory o/' New-England. 127 next Day Turrounded by 150 Indians ; he having but ^6 Eng- I'lil) with him, moft of which got ofFj but the Lieutenant, and fome of the braveft of his Followers, 'oft their Lives. 7^' Sav^f^es The Savages came uown in fuch Numbers on the £;7^/;y/),^""-''"^**^* and the latter were fo ill provided to receive them, that they quitted the Plantations about Sheep/cot^ Kennebeck^ and Saga' iaboc Rivers. The Government at Bo/ion, being informed of the Diflrefis ^tEngliJh were in, fent a Body of Men to their Relief, under the Command of Captain Hauthorn, Captain Syll, and [others, who furprifed 400 Indians^ as they were bufy in plundering Major IValderen^s Houfe at ^uochecho^ and took Ithem all Prifoners. Thofe that were taken in Arms, about 200, were fold for Slaves, and the reft, except a few that Iwere executed for having been guilty of Murder, were fenc lome upon Promife of living peaceably for the future. This Blow difpofed the Savages to treat with the Gover- lor and Council of the Maffachufets j and Articles were a- eed on about three Months after the Death of King Phi- )), between them and the Sachems oi Penobfcot, whofe Agent fas Mug, a known Villain j and accordingly the Articles ere lb ill performed, that the Majfachufets were obliged to lid MzjoT fFa/deren^ with 200 Men, to fee them executed, Ipecially with refpeft to the Releafe of the Captives : But the Savages being obftinate in the Refufal, he fired on a Bo- ly of them, took feveral Prifoners, and returned to Bojim^ iith no other Laurel^ fays my Author, than that he kji none his Men. Soon after this, a Sort of general Peace was concluded, the Terms not very honourable for the Englijh^ ho were to allow a certain ^itantity of Corn yearly to the idians, and, what I think was no great Hardship, pay a [uic Rent for their Lands : For if the Indians were the Pro- |rietors of thofe Lands, they had doubtlefs a Right to a va- lable Confidcration for parting with them. Such was the End of the Indian War, which lafted one Enplidi And ear and fix or fevcn Months j and there periflied in it a- J"j^i*"**f^* lut 3000 Indians^ and 1^0 EngUJh. The Savages could aspp-^,,, ipare the Lofs of fo many Men, as the Englijh could fpare icfe diey loft. They had frequent Recruits from England^ ^d the Indians were continually wafting, by Wars among lemfelves, Famines and Diicafes occafioned by them. The 'mjijh finding the Benefit of their Fifliing and Trading in kui-HampJhire and Maine, and the Peril' and Danger that ended their Want of Towns and Forts, they built feve- within a fev,f Years, as Falmouth, Scarborough, York, Dth- tr, Stedick, &C. Before i 1-^ ",,) m "n !il(! If.'" If ! if jT,ls''''i' j 77?^^ Hifiory i?/' New- England. 'i 128 William Before the War was quite endeiJ, died John lV/ pii- advanced to that Honour. His Succeilor \N2ls Robert^n(i\ moutnCWo- £f^. [^ whofe Time the Charter granted to them fufFere the fame fFate with the Charters of the chief Corporations i England. A .^lo fVarranto was brought againll it, and Juagment entered up in Chancery, at the latter End -the Reif^n o^ Charles IL The -Colony of the Majfadujil had a y:^uo fVairanto fentthem in the Year 16^} j andinthf Year 1684, a Writ of Scire Facias , by which they wererd quired to make their Appearance at IVefiminfier in a Mot at 4000 Miles DKbnce ; for fo little Time was there tween the fcrving the Writ and the Appearance. There was not the Icalt Pretence of Mif-government 1 ledg'd in the Cafe of the PUmouth ^10 Warranto, That! Connc6i:cut and Newhaven was accompanied with a Leita from the King, fignifylng, that in cafe they relign'd thd Charter, they might take their Choice of being either undj New-Tork or Boiion. They petitioned to remain as ihd were, but if they mull lofe their Charter, they had rather t under ]}o,>lon than Nav-Tork. They judged rightly to bei thcr undei a Governor, where there was a mutual FricnJ fhip between Miter Colonies of the fame Religion and Iq reft, than under one that would iurely bring with him froj England the Religion of the Court, and Intereft of h.si different and often contrary to that of the Colony. ««r. 1683. < h.irier ta- il A away. iJw'^'""** went ne Hiftory of New-England. 129 l^hode-ljland had a very valuable Charteir, and the more I valuable, the more likely to lofe it. The Government there 1 favy it was in vain to difpute with a King, who had forced the City o^ London to change its ancient Rights and Pri- jviieges for his Will and Pleafu-e, and fubmitted to that Mark lof Slavery. Hemp/hire and Main never had a Charter, but a Sort of JAflociation, the Bond of which they readily refigned into the king's Hands ; fince which Time that Province has a Royal iGovernment, independent of the Ma^achufets^ under a Go* vernor and a Council named by the King : But the Gover- nor is generally the fame with that of the iWd^<:/>tt/^/j. King \Chrlti^ having feized the Charter oiNeiju-England, fent over '{inry Cranfield to be Governor, by Commiflion from him* Henry |felf, turning out at once Mr. Bradjireet, Governor of the ^J^^r^^'*^' ^ lajfachufets^ Mr. Led, Governor of Connecticut and New- nir'ofi^eyrl taverij and Mr. Treat, Governor of Plimotfth. This (7rtf«-E "gland. fc/i/, as much a Tool as he was for King Jameses Purpofe^ ^^^^' fter the Death of his Brother Charles, was in a fhort rime removed, and Jofeph Dudley, Efq; appointed to fuc-/"^^^?"^" jeed hiro. He was Son of Thomas Dudley, Efqj before fpo- Govermr. [en of, Wisborn in New-England, and educated in Harvard ollege. He was generally beloved on Account of his Fa- ker's Merit and Services; but, fays Mr. Neal, His accepting j Cmtnijfton, founded upon the Ruin of the Laws and Liber- \ti of his Country, created him a great many Enemie'. who ntund at length to depofe him, and fend him Prifoner tof^^i^'f^^ ngland. He had, as he imagined, fecured the Favour of ' "^8(5. * b Court, by ^favouring the Epifcopals againft the Pi efbyte* Bns, and coming chearfully into all their Meafure^: B^trhe \ew-England People were fo provoked by his Mana^ etf: rit, at having outed him, they rcfumed their Charter Govern- its. But a Stop was f€>onput to tlieir Proceedings by : Arrival of Sir Edmund Jndros, a poor Knight of Guernfey, ^" S.dmmi |th a Commiflion to be Governor of all of theta. He was at^!l^.* Ian of as mean Character as Fortune, and it n amazing, |it either he or Mr, Dudley ihould be continued m fach a fft after the Revolution. It was in Andros's Time, that Captain Tf^illiam Phips of nneheck River, in New- England, difcovered the great [reck in the Spanijh Weji-lndies, and brought a vaft Trea- to England. The Particulars are worth knowing. k had been told, that many Years before t large pleon had been loft, about the Year 1 640, near Port '■ Plata • and Captain Phips, about the Time of the ^m ktrante, went to England, and applied to thofe then at the ^ K Helm 30 ,' i' 7he Hijlory of New-England. Helm for Support in his Undertaking, to come at the Silver in the Wreck. King Charles Iked it fo well that a finall Ship was given him, called the /Ilgier Rofe, of 1 8 Guns, and 5)5 Men, in wi^ich he failed to Hijpamolay and got hforrria' tion from an old Spaniard of the Place, as near as well could be, where the Galleon was caft away. He failed farther,hav. ing furniflied himfelf with Divers, and fifh'd fo long that the Patience of his Men was quite tired out, and he returned with- out Succefe, which made his Projed: to be condemned as vi- fionary and impradticablc ; and it was a long Time before he could get any confiderable Perfons in Court or City ro be i concerned with him in a fecond Adventure. At lall the Duke of Alhemarky whofe Profufion had run him into very indifferent Circumftances, was tempted, by the Hopes of. mending them by fetching the Spanijh Plate, to en- gage in the Enterprize, Captain Phips divided the Coilj of the Outfet of his Ship into fo many Parts as were conve- nient for Shares ^ and according to the Proportion of the Ad. I vance- Money for the Ship and Provifions, the Shares of the Profits were to be. He bough; the Ship of an Uncle of hh^£s horne mine, a Merchant and Alderman of London: It was called! the Bridgwater Merchant, of about 2oo Tons; and Captai Phips earneftly prefifed the Merchant to put the Purchafe-I Money into the Adventure, which I guefs would have beenil Tenth or thereabouts of the firft Charge of the Ship andl Stores, beng looo/. Other Adventurers coming into thel Delign, the Captain was fitted out, and away he failed fori Port de la Plata^ with his Ship and a Tender. He weatl up into it and built a ftout Canoe out of a Cotton-fra^'A is ufually done. Tt was large enough to carry eight or teiil Oars ; and he fent this Canoe, his Tender, and fome k\ led Men and Divers, in fearch of the Wreck, while Jay at Ancho* in the Port. The Canoe kept husking up aoij down upon the Shallows, but could difcover nothing, except ( Reef of rifing Shoals, called the 5w7^rj, within two or tlirei Foot of the Surface of the Water. The Sea was calm, aoi every Eye employed in looking down into it. The DivtrJ did their Work frequendy, but came up as they went dowi^ with no farther Intelligence j till, in the End, as they rccurning back, weary and dejed:ed,one of the Sailors, loollj ing over the Side of the Canoe into the Sea, fpicd a Featln under Water, growing, as he imagined, out of the Side of j Rock. One of the Divers was immediately ordered downlj fetch it up, and look out if there was any Thing of Value i bout it. He quickly brought up the Feather, and faiiil bad difcovered ieveral great Guns, Upon which he wast ' dci Capt. Ph'ps immenfi TrcafitrCt 1C87. ne WJlory ^/ New- England. 13 1 dereddown again, and then brought up -a Pig of Silver ol' 2 or 300/. Value i the Sight of which tranfported them, and convinced thcni fufficiently, that they had found the Treafure they had been fo long looking for. When they had buoyed the Place, they made hafte to the Port and told the Captain the joyful News, which at firft he could hardly believe ; but when he w as (hewed the Silver, he cried our, We are all made^ thanks he to God. All Hands were immediately ordered on board, and failing to the Place, the Divers happened to fall into the Room where theBuHioi had been ftor'd ; and, in a few Days, they brought up 5 7. Ton-s without theLofs of one Man's Life. When ihty had cleared the Store Room, they fearched the Held, and among the Ballad found a great many Bags of Pieces of Eight. I heard an Officer aboard the Ship fiy, that the Pieces of Eight that were in the Bags among the Ballaft, having lain fo long in the Water, were crufted over with a Subftance as hard as Stone feveral Inches thick, and they were forced to break it with Iron Bars. The Cruft being broken, the Pieces of Eight tumbled out in prodigious Quantities. Befides which they, found a vaft Treafure in Gold, Pearl, Diamonds, and the rich Goods of which the Cargo of a Spanijh Galleon ge- inerally confifts. There was one Adderley of Providence^ Iwho had been with Captain Phips when he commanded the \hj'i of Algier^ and promifed to affift him again if ever he ould make a lecond Adventure. He met him with a fmall JtM at Port de la Plata ; and tho' he had but few Hands, kok up fix Tons of Silver for themfelves, which was a littl hdd. The King was at the Charge of Phips's firft Voyage t jhe Wreck, and the Adventurers of the fecond. In the firft ;^afe the King, and in the fecond, the Adventurers ought to jiave had the whole Benefit of the Difcovery, unJefs Adderley bme in as a Sharer in the Adventure. Pblps obliged Adder- ij and his Men not to difcover the Place of the Wreck ; but vhat Sort of Obligations could bind them, I cannot imagine, ii/hen the Temptation of Silver operated againft it : I rather krpute their not difcovering it, either to the Draining of the Itore, or Separation and Wafte of it by Length of Time, paptain Phips returned fafely to England, and put rt(l)ore a- Dve 300000/. Sterling, of which 90000 /. came to the Duke The Duie fy///w«flr/t's Share, and about 20000/. to the Share of Sir Aibemarl i^am Phips, K'mgjames having knighted him for his good^J'^^?^ ervice. Some of his Courtiers, perhaps his Prielts and wli'iam efuits, would have perfuadedhim to have feized bis Ship and "'?»'#• Cargo, under pretence, that Phips had not rightly informed p of the Nature of his Frojed. But what v/as that to K 2 the 9 c to ei y ^;ii> :pl| 'J ■ . ilk' '■ -V i: I' ' j;|.-8tt.t. ' ^ lis. l|ii; Mi>t 1' : : ■ ! i .'1 ly: ' 1 I i • ' I' 'fei 132 ^he Hiftory of New^England. . . ,'i [f^ 1683. The third Indian the fecond Adventurers, at whofe Expence the Project wag carried on and accomplifhed. The King himfelf rejedted this Motion, faying, he believed Phips an honejl Man^ and it ■was his Council's Fault that he had not employed him himfelf The Duke of Albemarle made the Lady Phipi a Prefcnt of \ Golden Cup worth looo/. and it was the general Opinion that the Duke got the Government of Jamaica^ not long af. ter, with a View of purfuing this happy Search after the ^a' nijh Silver, which feveral attempted afterwards, to iheir great Di (appointment and Lois. The Indians in New-England had now been quiet for ten iVar. ^^ c^^ven Years, and probably would have continued fo, had not they been fet on by the French at Canada^ to break the Peace j tho' it rauft be confefs'd that both French and hidlam were not without fome Provocations. The Indians com- plained that their Allowance of Corn had been kept back- that their Fifhery in Saco River was intercepted by the Nets andSandsof the JE'wj?'//}^; that the ^w^///^ fuftered their Catde to trefpafsupon their Fields, and def'rroy the Growth there; that the Government at Bojlon hud patentee'd out the Lands that belonged to them, k^c. And the French complained that the Englifl) had unjuftly feiz^d a Parcel of Wines landed at a French Plantation, I luppofe towards the Bay of Fundli^ in New-Scotland^ then in Pofleffion of the French ; for Canak is at too great Diftance to be incommoded by New-England, J^nyihQ French Ambalfador procured an Order from the King I ofEng'and for reftoring thofeWines,as not being found witbin the Limits of the Englijh Jurifdidion. To cut off this Plea hereafter, the New-England Government ran a new Line, which iiiclofed Monfieur St. Cajieen's Plantation within the ILnglijh Pale. Upon this St. Cajleen leaves his Houfe, and the Englijh ieaizA his Arms and Goods, which they brought away '^*'l^Sul^ ^^ P'-ffi'fi(^quid^ a Northern Frontier. Here the Eti^iijhkm ^^ILfi "the to be the Aggreflbrs ; they feizcd the Frenchman's Wines i French M/zrf juftifiably j tiicy palcd in a /'V^«r/> Plantation, and took away I Jndur.s. [jie Planter's Goods ; and if they patentee'd away the /W/W; Lands, wiihour their Confcnt, they were the Aggrel-brsintliisj War again ^ bor* French and Indians. St. Cajleen \ Vv'l't'i {■■ Bnnrtn ri/if 0X''i»ft An drew. 136 57;^ Hi'^ory o/* New-England. 'Thf Ptepirof Accordinglv on the i8th of Jpril, abt;^^^ 8 'o Clock in the Morning, a Report was rais'd at the SrathBnd of the City of Bo/ion^ that all the North-End were in Arms, and at the North-End, that all were in Arms at the South. Immedh ately Cape. George, one of the Governor's Creaturej was feiz'd, Drums were beaten tvery where, and Colours let up upon the Beacon. Mr. Bradjireet, Mr. Danfurth^ I \^^ Richjrdi Dr. Cook and Mr. jiddington. Men of great £mi. pence and Intereft, were conduced to dw Council-houfe by a Guard under the Command of Capt. Hall, while die People feizcd feveralofthe Governor's Confidents and Tools, as Bullivant and Foxcroft, two Juftices of the Peace, 8htu lock, a Sheriff, Mr. Randolph, Capt. Ravtnfcroft, Capt, IVh'itc, Farewell, Broadvent, Crafford, Larkin^ tiith, &c. and (hut them up in Jail, having firft turned .: the Jail, keeper, and put a trufty Fellow in his Place j which done, they fenc the following Mei&ge to Sir Edmund /indrosy by Mr. Oliver and Mr. Eyres, Sir, ^f^Urfelves and many others the Inhabitants of this Tmii\ '."^^ and the Places adjacent, being furprized with the PiDi>lt\\ fudden taking of Arms, of the jirjf Motion whereof wi wtrt wholly ignorant j being driven by the prefent Accident^ art ka. cejffitated to acquaint your Excellency, that for the quieting mi fecuring the People inhabiting in this Country from the imm^ nent Danger they many ways lie open and expofed to, and Ur.. drin^ imr own Safety, we judge it necejfary that you forthwith furn-nd:^r and deliver up the Government and Fortijicatm u ,(}£ prifc^ved and difpofed, according to Order and DIreifki from the Crown o/" England, which fuddenly is expeSied may & rive ', promijing all Security from Violence to yourfelf or anj your Gentlemen or Soldiers, in Perfon or Ejiate : Othmvift: we are ajfured they will endeavour the taking the Fortijicai'm, by Storm, if any Oppofition be n^ftde. Tht:hhf Men fummen the (iovermr to iHrrcndcr White Winthrop, Simon Bradftreet, William Srough;on^ Samuel Shrimpton, Bartholomew Gidney, William Browne, Thomas Danfurth, John Richards, fJi The greatefl Names in New-England. The GovernorJ who, like all Tyrants, was afraid of PuniDiment, as wcT as Difgrace, was very fturdy at firft, and made a? if he woul mainta' Eliflia Cook, Ifaac Addington^ John Nellbn, Adam Winthrop, Peter Sergeant, John Fofter, David Waterhoufc, turit irrSer, of ne dd '\ the ^o*""^'*" GfHtne the Goviranunt, Tie Iliflory c/* New-England. 137 maintain his Poft by Force. He fcnt to the Frigat for Fire- Arms, Hand-Granadoes and Match; but the Boat that w IS bringing them was feizcd by the Town Soldiers, whom lohn Ndfon^ Efq; led up to the Fort, and demanded the J!'-''>' '"' Surrender of it a fccond time. The Governor finding it """"' was in vain to refill, furrender'd that and himfelf into their Hands. Mr. Fuirweathgr, Mr. //*•//, Mr. Gr.jhamy Mr. Paln>er, and Capt. Tryfcye, were imprifoned in the Caftle. lofeph Dudley^ Efq; was feized at Major Smith's at Narra- \ lantpt ; >ut neither Jndros nor he received the Reward of their Doings in thofe evil times ; on the contrary, they were both put into Governments after the Revolution, which ou'^ht to be remember'd, if there is ever another Edition of the Facnphler, Falfe Steps of the then M'mijhy. Xiie Gentlemen aflcmbled in the Counr ^vhich all or moft of them had beeii A I time of the Charter, drew up a Dedaratk < vances, which was read out of a Gallery to a v ^icourfe of People, who heard it with great Satisfaction and Ap* plaufe. There were then of the Inhabitants, and others that came in from the Country, 2 or 3000 Men in Arms at BoJ- \m^ befides 1000 at CharUi-Town^ that could not get over the Ferry. So ftrong was the Defire of Liberty there, and [the Spirit to defend it. The Gentlemen in the Council- Chamber agreed to fummon a Convention of the Reprefen- tatives of the Colonies, called the General ^Jfembly^ which met in May^ about a Month after Andros was turned out of the Government, and unanimoufly refolved to refcue their Charter, which they did, and publiflied a Declaration to [that Purpofe, dated ii4.th Muy^ and figned by their Clerk lBf«^z^r Front. I do not join with fome fcrupulous Wri- Iters, in cenfuring this Forwardnefs of them in the Refurap- Ition of their Charter, with a formal Reverfe of the ^ji9 Warranto. That Writ was groundlefs and illegal, and the [People of New-England had as much a Right to alTcrt Itheir Privileges againft arbitrary Power, and ftretcbing and a- Ibufing the Laws, as had the People of Old- England, in their [Declaration of Rights by the Convention Parliament. This yfpDmved hy jCenfure is the more needlefs, becaufe King William and Ki"^^"^'*-. "Queen Mary did, by their Royal Letter, tcltify their Allow- ^^"^^^"^^^^^ ance of the late Proceedings at Bo/ion, and authorized the reftored Magiftrates to continue the Adminiftration of Affairs, The Nezv- England Hiftorians tell us,Sir TFilUam Phips was |l|dvifed, by fome Lords of the Council, to return to New-Eyig- '2nclj where they thought he might be ierviceable in this Cri/s 5 ^^ tiuT ■ '*^ ■m '■ , I :*»■! I'iA ' n^ ..^^ V^. ^^^; IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // f/ A 1.0 I.I 11.25 Utllt 125 ^ lU |2.2 '/•y / Hiotographic Sciences Corporation 23 WBT MAIN STRfIT WnSTIR.N.Y. Msao (71«)I72-4S03 '^jV^ r o mmA 138 Tlbe Uiftory of New-England. of Aflairs; and that, before he left London^ King Jamti fcntt Meilenger to offer him the Government of New-England- but the Reaibn they give for it is pleafant enough," He chofe'ra, ** ther to return without any Characfler, than accept of a " CommifHon from a Prince who had fo nocorioudy invaded ** the Rights of his Subjeds." Whereas, in truth, Sir Wil Itam Pbips had accepted of a Coihmilfion from him, when he was in the moft notorious Part of his Invafions, the dif- penfing with Statutes, JBut the New-England Hiftori-inj have a Conceit, that the Country is much honoured by the Charader of that Knight, who was a Native of it. Wj fhall find, in the Sequel, that his Succefs was not fo good io New- England, as at La Plata. During thefe Tranfadions, the French llnd Indians cnter'd into farther Engagements again ft the EngUJh^ who did what they could, with Honour and Juflice, to bring Matters to a peaceable IfTue, which was render'd very difficult by the In- trigues of the French^ who, upon King James's withdrawing' to France^ reprefented the EngUJh Nation as in a rebellious, perillous Condition, which was fufficient Encouragement for the Indians to continue the War, having the Promife of powerful Affiitance from ^ebec. They furprized the Gar- rifon oi^achecho, by the Treachery of Mefandonit, aSa* chem, whom Major TValdern, -who commanded there, had generoufly entertained the Night before, and that Traytor ly- ing in his Houfe open'd the Gates in the Morning to a Pariy ct vSavages that lay in Ambufh not far off, and rufliing in killed the Major and 22 Men, burnt 4 or 5 of the beft Houfes, and carried away 29 Perfons into Captivity, killing Mr. Broughton in their Retreat. The Government order'd Capt. Noyes, with a ftrong Party, to ttiarch to Pm- cook^ and clear the Country of the Savages ; but they clear'd it themfelves, by running away as foon as they had News of | his coming. Capt. Noyes purfued them, cut down all their Corn, burnt their Wigwams, and laid every thing wafte. A Party from Saco was furrounded by a great Body of Indians and efcaped with- DifHculty, having loft fix of their Num- Slw"' ^^^' ^^^y afterwards mafter'd Pemmaquid Fort, by Help m*o;lijh in the Fort, and obliged the Governor, Capt. IVems^ to furrender, on Promife of Life and Liberty j but the Sa* j vagcs % ^9IBfpiS\ TTje Hiftory of New-England. 139 luges broke the Capitulation, and butcher'd the grearcft Part lof them, as alfo Captain Skinner and Captain Farnham, who Lere coming to the Relief of the Garrifon, and Mr. P«N Lw/as he lay in his Sloop in the Barbran, Thefe LolTe$ Icaufed the Inhabitants o( Sheep/cot 2ind Kennebeck to abandon jjliofe Places, and retire to Falmouth. It was Time for the Government o^ New-England to look Ijbouc them, and think of vigoroufly oppofing thefe Murders Ijod Depredations of the Indians. They ("cnt Major Swayne l^pithjooMen from Majfachufets, and bAzyor Church, one of Itbeir beft Officers, from Plimouthy with 500 more, againft [the Enemy in the Eaji, where they had intercepted Lieute- Huckin, who had drawn off a Garrifon he had in thofe Parts to fet them to work in the Field. The Savages coming unexpededly upon them, cut them to pieces, being 1 7 in dumber j and then came to the Fort, where were only two J'^^^ goys and fome Women and Children. The Boys defended lifh Bay*. : againft them, wounded feveral of them j and when they bund that the Barbarians were about to fet Fire to the loufe that was in the Fort, and to burn them out, they would not yield, but on Terms of Life, which thefe inhu- man Wretches granted, and afterwards killed three or four the Children, with one of the Boys ^ the other made" his Efcape. Captain Gamer purfued the Enemy, but they Here too niinble for him. Another Party of them aflaulted Uj'co^ killed Captain Brookes^ and had put the whole Towa the Sword, had not Captain Hall cume opportunely with belief. The Defigns of Major Swayne and Major Clurch were [riiftrated by the Treachery of fome Indign Confederates, 10 being Tent out as Scouts, difcoveired all that they knew the Enemy, who underftanding the Number of the Eng- IJ, fled to their inaccefTible Woods and Swamps : So Mz- Y Swayne having garrifoned Blew Point, retired ro Winter iiiarters. I enter 'not into the Particulars of the barbarous Treatment the Englijh Captives met with from the Sivages, here being nothing in it but what might be exprtSled from heir Rage and Cruelty j and there was no likelihood of their learning Humanity towards the EngliJJ), by LeiTons from heir new Allies the French, who were very adive in inftrudt*? bg and difciplining them for their better Management of the w. It was plain thev had improved in it both in Arms and jg^ot I Adion^ and had continual A(!iilance from Rebeck, without h the Englifl) would have foon chaftifed them for their ifolence, and taught them to be quiet. To make the \mcb fome Returns for the many Mifcbicfii the EngliJ}) bad fuffvrcd m U H iNi'*- •'ill ■V !fi' '..AX I 'Mt :^Y' ti'l ;:^ 1, *'vJ *'! il:|PiP«ii III m '' ' i i ■ ^f^* X40 ^he Hlflon of New-England. m^^ ff; "f| rj f'^i Salmon Falls de 5'iVWilIam P;l.p?'5 un- Bxpedit'inn tit Quebec. fuffered by their means, it was refblved in New-En^Iond to carry the War home to them. Accordingly Sir ff^ilHan Phips failed with a Fleet and Forces to Port-Royal^ in Acq- dia^ or New -Scotland^ and difpoffefs the French^ as has been already related in the Article.of New-Scotland. To revenge thefe LofTes, Monfieur Artell^ a French Officef I ji^y'Tlythe ^^01" Canada, and one Hoophood, a Leader among the Ha. French and ron Indians, Confederates wirh the French, with Men of both ladians. Nations, aflaulted Salmon Falls, killed 30 Perfons» and car- riedaway 50 into Captivity, which terribly alarmed all Ma,.| England, it being the firft Time that the French aded open- ly with the Barbarians: And as ^ebec was thought to be I the Source of all their Calamities in this War, it was confi' dered, that by removing theCaufe, the EfFed would ceafe. It was therefore refolved to attack that Place, which being reJ duced, the French would have no Place to neft in, and carry on their ill Defigns againft their Chriftian Neighbours. I Sir IVilUam Phipi*s Succefs at New- Scotland very much I forwarded this Expedition, and naturally put him at the Head of it. It feems to have been as ill managed as it was well! contrived . For it is certain he had a Strength with him fuf.| ficient ro have driven the French out of Canada, had it been) well employed. He had 3 z Sail of Ships, The Six Frienisj C-Ji^tam Gregory Sugars A6tnira], 44 Guns, the John and Tk\ mas. Captain Carter Vice-Admiral, the Swan, Captain Gi/-j bert Rear-Admiral. They had aboard 2000 Men, a prodigious Armament fori a Colony of no longer ftanding ', and failed from //«//, near] Bofton, the 9th of Auguji, but came not within Sight oi Quebec till the 5 th of OSiober. Thus they were eight Week in a Voyage, that^ with good Winds and Weather, might havd been made in two or three. The Englijh were fo long makJ ing up the River of St. L mce, that the Governor, thij Count de Frontenac, bad 1 .aje enough to prepare for Dctence, by drawing all the Strength of the Colony to^an bee, which Sir ^//r-m Phips expefted would have beeni vided by an Army marching over Land, and attacking Mouni\ Royal Fort, on the Frontiers of Canada, while he fell upo the Capital. This Army was to confift of 2000 Men from New-Ytrll Conne^iicut, and Plimouth Coloniesi, and 1500 lndlam^\\ whom the French gave the general Name of Iroquoh^ buj the Englijh diftinguifli them by the Names of their feven Nations. The Englijh marched as far as the great Lakeo Canada ; but as there were no Canoes provided for them pafs it, they returned^ and it is very flrange, that the M ^e HiJIory of New-England. 141 jliouldbeno Provifions for their Paffage fecured, (ince the '^\icct(s of the Enterprize fo much depended upon it. Sir ]0iam fummoned Count Frontenac to furrender, in a very bluftering Paper, which had this glorious Title, J/r William Phips, Knight^ General and Commander in Chief in and over their Majejties Forces o/" New -England, by ^f3 and Land. Count Frontenae was fo offended "at the Stile and Subjed, [that he caufed a Gibbet to be fee up, and would have hanged [the Major that brought the Summons, had it not been for [the Biiliop's Interceilion. He returnfld a very infolent An- Ifffcr, calling Phips and his Company Hereticks and Traitors* [On the 8 th of O^oher, the Englijh landed under Lieutenant- iGeneral fVhalUy, to the Number of i+oo j for to thefe few jthey were already reduced, by the Small- Pox, and other )ifeares: But had their full Compliment been prclerved, [what were 2000 aboard of Ships to 4.000 within the City ? or fo many men had Count Frontenac with him ; which \nalley under Handing, he reimbarked his Troops, which iiould very fain have attempted one AfTault ; but their 6ra- lery was ill-tim'd, confidering the Inequality of their Number (othat of the Enemy. Some Writers make , the-Lofs of the % from the Oppofition they met with on Shore, to bp jioo Men j but I believe that Oppofition is heightened for the Credit of our Nation, that the EngU/h might not be thought )liave given over this Enterprize without looking the Enemy the Face. The Baron la Hontan^ who was then at ^e" If, fays, there were .iot 200 French in the Town when fir William Phips came thither ; but that is as incredible as ^i?hips was fix Miles off of the Town when he fired upon or that the Englijh landed 3000 againd the lile o{ Orleans y League and a half below ^ehec, whereas they were hue 000 Men in all. The Baron adds. If Phips had been en^ hdby the French to Jlandjlill ivith his Hands in his Poc- Chips' sill p, he could net have done lejs againji them : Which has too C">tdua a luch truth in it ; for the ^ew-England Writers are very-^'^^j" ^J* y of this Knight, yet I wonder how he preferv'd fo much * °^ '"^ ' [eputation and Intereft as he had ftill among them. This kcarriage was a fad Misfortune to New-England^ above poo perilhed by ir one way or other j and they were fome ars in filling up the Vacancies it made in the Colonies. It fcthem 140000/. in Debt j and the Ships in their Voyage Ick, met with no better Fortune at Sea than the Men had |ne by Land. Some of them were driven as far as the ward Jftands^ one was wreck'dj. another never heard of. t :> mr,, \ II Ji tt sv riv •X ", .'.' '••^^ .,1 ii'"' A 9 4 ' 142 m JhifA r4 •ti iW'l ... I ■ ■ jfel* Hnophood the Huron barajfes the Eogliih. The Hijlory of Nc^-England. a third foundered wit|i all her Crew in her, a fourth was drM ven afhorc on the dcfolate Ifland of Anticojia^ where Captain] Rainsford and his Company, forty at firft, were reduced! by want and Weather to half the Number in a Month's Time, and then fav'd almoft miracuIouUy. The Lofs ofl Men ii\ this unfuccefsful Entcrprize amounted to loco and thofe as ufeful Hands as any in the Country. The immenfJ Debt beforementioned was paid off by Bitts, which thegenej ral Aflembly made current, like Exchequer Bills in England During the Progrefs of this miferable Expedition, a PartJ under Lieutenant Clerk^ venturing out ot Ca/cOf to look lb] the Enemy, met with a Body of 4 or 500 Indians m French, who killed the Lieutenant and 1 3 of his Men ; thd rell efcaping into the Town, were purfued by the Indiam anj French, who entering the Place reduced it to Alhes. Th] Garrifon furrendered the Fort upon Condition of fafeCoiJ dud to the next EngUflj Town ; but the French now brokl the Capitulation, and made them Prifoners of War, unde a very foolifh Pretence, if the New-England Hiftorians ati in the Right of their being Rebels to their lawful King What fignified the Pretence of Rebellion, when theyhaj that of War to plead, had it been good againft a foiemj Treaty ? The Governor, Major Davis, and fomc of h] Men, were fent to ^ebec, the reft were murdered by tb Savages. The Garrifons of Papcodack, Spamwicky Blad Point, and Bhiv-Pointy drew off to Saco, twenty Milfi Wiihm Cofco^ terrified by the Fate of that Place. Their Tej ror infeded that Garrilbn alfo, and half of thsm fled as fat] Lieutenant Siorer^s, Hoophood the Huron purfued them, deft toyed all the open Country, burnt ieverat Houfes Berwick^ killed 13 or 14 Men zx Fore- Point, and carried ( 1'^^ twenty Indians^ all that ftaid in it, and released (even Englijh Captives. Having notice that the Indians had weed to rendezvous on Pechypfit Plain, in order to attack '0ii he haftened thither to give them Battle, which the Sivages avoided, and the Englijh went into Winter Quarters, ^^t. Convers and dpt. Piai/iedy with 100 Men remaining in ' Parts to fcour the Woods j and as the Englijh had no n to be content with the Succefs of the War j fo they liere well pleafed at the Sight of a Flag of Truce, with l^fhich the Indians came to IVells^ and a Ceflation of Arms jll the i/fl)' following, was agreed on by Commilfioners on ith Sides. One would have thought that Sir JViUiam Phips had little flcouragement to hope to be employed in another Expe- lition againft the French at Canada j but that was the Bufi- lefs he went about in another Voyage to England. I repeat It [he Reafons he is faid to make ufe of to induce the Mi- liary to fall in with it. Nothing is more obvious than its being (olutely for the Intereft, and even Safety of New-England^ be rid of the Neighbourhood of the French at Canada. It had been well then, and would be fo ftill, if fuch a Thing lid be accomplifhed j but befides that Sir IVilliam Phips^ lanagement at ^lebec had not much recommended him for ich another Employment, King IVilliam's Hands were too of Work in Ireland and Flanders, to have any Men or loney to fpare for that which Sir If^illiam Phips would hav« It out for him : So his Negotiation had no EflFadl. How- er he did fomething for his Country, by joining with Sir ^imi AJhurJi and Mr. Increafe Mather^ the New-EngHJh gents in foliciting the reftoring of their old Charter, which id been folicited ever fmce the Revolution to no Purpofe. here were thofe about King IVilliam who had been very iftrumental in ft retching the Prerogative in the Reign of Kitig '^arla and King James. I need mention no more than the. rlut Danby, afterwards Duke of Leeds, and the Earl of 'mingham. Thefe Councillors had very much the King*s r, and diey bad no hard Matter to convince him, that it not confift with his Honour to fuffer any Ditninution of Royal Authority, where it was fupportedby the Laws, le Agents perceiving at laft that they (hould not bq able to ry their Point for the old Charier, they petitioned fbr a one with more ample Privil^es. A new Chai;ter was ted, but with Privileges far from being fo ample as thofe the old one. Hi 111,1 'v i , 'i r« 1 . i ■'■ fi m '144 !7?^ Hl/lory of New-Eiigland. I am fenfible that the New-England People were tnuchlnl the right to reconcile themfelves to the former, fince the latter I was no more to be for them ; but what their Writers intiJ mate, that their new Privileges arc as valuable as their old! were, will appear to be very abfurd, by obferving, ^t Differ 'ry Fort, und d )Lbtlefs v/oiild have bcfnl rrcr.t Srrcng;uh to frie hmlHh ■:■*. the Frc^nMers oil t| hilt. ■ L-hd Sir fp'i ilium been ll: much in ih« Hearts of tl Fori built. Def<.rtbed. 7X^ Hi/lory ^New-England. pjopic as the Ntw-England Writers intimate, it is (Irnnpe ,li;;t the Charge of this Building lliould Tec them i'o againft l,jm (o foon after his conr'nghomc with the Charter, that liij Governmenr, as they tell us, became uncafy to him, and fo continued ever after. In the mean time. Major Church deftroyed the Indim Country about Taconet, the Savages having deferted it in fear of him. Sir IVilUam Phips fent ^50 Men to //'.///, to leinforce Major Convers^ to which Poft he advanced hitn, in Reward of his late fo great Service there, and made iiim Com- inandcr in Chief of the Eajhrn Garrifons, which having (jriin'd, he march'd into the /«<'//<7/iTcrritorics,and fcourcd the Woods about" Ttff (?«.U|tT 4 m*k if t m § I I CHAP. III. Of the Wiich'Plaguey and an Account of fom»| that died of it. I T is certainly the Duty of an Hiftorlan to prefer hisl Readers Judgment to his own, to relate the Fadt as itl comes to him, and leave it to others to decide of it. ForT my part, I muft freely own I do not believe one Word of^ the Evidence upon which the New-England Witches wcra convided, condemned and executed. I always look'd upoi^ the Law againil them, while it was in being, as abfurd, unju and cruel, contrary to Truth, plain Reafun and Credibility. am fully fatisfy'd now it is thrown out of our Statute Book and none can thereby make a Market of Fools there wil never be fuch a thing heard of as IVtuhcraft among th^ Englijh Nation. The FoUy Something of this kind happened here many Years *'"'^«"''f "- when Mrs. Grtenfmith fuflfer'd for confciFrng that tr?/ I^evil had lain with her. That thefe poor Wretches con feffed themfelves to be PFitcks, is no more ftrange, than thij a young innocent Woman out of her Wits in Bedlam, fhoulii in her Fits, talk of committing Lewdnefs, which, in h({ fober Senfes, flie would have abhorred, or rather would have under flood. Mr. Parisi Minifter of Salemy was the firft Man brought this tragick Scene oi Witchcraft on the Stage, declaring that his Daughter and Niece, about 9 and 11 Ye of Age, were under the Power of Witchcraft, and fufpe' that Tumbai 9a IndianWomna^ his Servant, wastheWiccll 77je Hi fiory of NcW'Enghnd. 149 ^f^i$ finely difciplincd, to draw a ConfcnTion from her. ^f Indian I flie Severities that were ufcd upon her had the intended ^^J^'"'^'"^*"' Efcft, and Hie confelTcd (he was a flitch. The wife Ma- iv:t'ck. Llritcs of the Place threw her into Jail, and (he lay there oil it was a Shame to confine her any lonecr^ fo they let her Qiit^ but fold her for Money to pay the Jailor his Fees. As loon as flie was clear, fhe laid her Mafltr had heat her^ and itbirivays abufed hcr^ to make her confefs^ fuch •.•; he called her njlir lyitchesy and whatever Jhe had confejfed was extorted \fm bff h ^" ^'■"'^ Ufigf' T I refer the Reader to Dr. Cotton Mather's furpriiing Ac- count of thefe things, which the Dodlor did as much believe isattefti but it muft be known, that Mr. Cald of Bo/ion Lotc a Treatife to invalidate that Account, and thus the Ibifeafeand the Cure comes from the fame Quarter. Tis ubvious, that in the Beginning of this Bufinefs, Sir \fiHlm Phips was very forward in it, and did not decline Itill general Offence was taken at it, both in Old-England and Mr. George Burroughs^ Minifter of Falmouth, in the Coun- J^'*- B't- yofiWam, the Seat of the laft War, was indited for be- '„^;'"'/^^: (/itching Mary ff^olcot ofSalemt and others. His Trial came iem, ir/d the 5th of ^^^, i6^2^\K(oie fyHliam Stoughton, ECqi^**^'''"''' jeutcnant-Governor, I ■4 • V Major Saltonjiall, Major Richards, Major Gidney^ JVait Wtnthrop, Efq; Capt. Sewal, Peter Sergeant^ E(qj Who I fuppofe were of the Council, and the Judges in her Trials of Witches, as well as in this. Their Names ght to be remembered, that it might not be thought a lerfecutlon carried on by inconfiderate and inconfiderable lerfons. The WitnelTes againil this Minifter were ■'•. m ■*• k: '; "a I Mary Wolcot^ Sarah Vibher, Mary Lewis^ Ann Putnam, Elizabeth Hubbard^ Mary IVarren, The Circutnftances of their Evidence, and the Minifter's yitchcraft, are fo trifling and filly, as well as incredible, that ey are a Difgrace to Common-Senfe j but it feems it was fuf* ficntto iatisfy the Jury and the Court, who condemned Mr. irrowhs to be hanged. The Trial is at large in Dr. Ma- r's Hiltorical Trads. Four of the above Witnefles, Lewis^ \ihti Hubbard and Putnam^ fwore alfo againft Bridget L 3 Bijhop 1 ■1 '111 'll Pinm m ■'il-iZ-Mi Dialogue be- twi-ru a Juf- tiifoj Pf.ne 4itd a Hitch, 3.11 ||,.V;ly 150 T'/je Hifiory o/'New-Engla'nd. B'tjhop as a Witch, fo flie was convided and condemned* Leivis and Putnam fvvore alfo againft Sufannah Martin, \ fliall lepcat here Part of a Dialogue between Sufannah Martin and the Jufticc of Peace that committed her to Prlfen . becaufe, in my Opinion, 5^a« feems to be more in her WiJ than his Worfliip is in his. Juftice. Pray what ails thefe People ? Su/'an. I don't know. Juftice. But what do you think ails them ? Sufan. I don't defire to fpend my Judgment upon it. Juftice. Don^t you think they are bewitch'' d ? Sujan. No, I don't think they are. Juftice, 'Jell us your Thoughts alout them then. Sufan. No, my Thoughts are my own, when they are! in; but, when they are out, they are another's. Their! IVlafter Juft?ce. Th,:ir Ma/ler ! Who do you think is their MaJlirA St fan. If they deal in the Black Art, you may know as wellj as I. Juftice. IVell, what have you done towards this? Sufan. Nothing at all. Juftice. Why 'tis _v5«r Appearance, i. e. theWitcFsGhofi^ivhilX flie ivas alive ^ feveral were condemned on theGtioJi's Evidinct,\ Zufm I can't help that. Juftice. Is it not your Majier f How comes your Jpptarl a nee to hurt them ? Sufan. How do I know ? He that appeared in the Shapd of Samuel may appear in any one's Shape. Is this fpoken like a Woman going to be hang'd for VVitch.^ There were other Witnefles befides ihefc already menl lioned, and the Men's Evidence was as full of Impcrtinencj and Whiinfy as the Women's. Mr. Neal is very juft in \\ Remarks, as follows : *' I cannot forbear making one Re mark upon all the Trials that Dr. Cotton Mather has pub liili'd to the World on this Occaiion, that whenhehaj given the Dcpofition of the Witnefles againft the Prifone ** at large, he paftes over their Defence in fuch gend " I'erms as thele, They faid nothing worth confidering-^ hi " Difcciirfe tvas full of Ter giver fations and ContradiR'mX '' they were confounded^ and their Countenances fell, &(J Whereby his Reader is left in the Dark, and renderV it •Jir nan har (( diq " capable of judging of the Merits of the Caufe. li ilj '* Defence of the Prifoner was fo weak and confufed as tij " mi '^Jliun. Onl inging o[ inocent as wl [e/fiition. Ur.NeaPsk\ futionwill be Reverend Salem -^ but fd People, he perhaps mighi The Ht/lory o/" New-England. ^Ji I « Doftor reprefents, it had been for the Advantage of the » Court to have expofed it at large to the World ^ but if (( not, 'tis very hard that it fliould be fmother'd : But upon « liich Evidence as this 28 Perfons received Sentence of »9 ■?''"■/«* « Death, of which 19 were executed, and one, namely J,' J^'^^^^f,].!' « Qlhs Cory, was preft to Death. Bridget BiJJjcp had been accufed 20 Years before, by Sa-ThnrCha- 0d Gr.-Vi for bewitching him; but he confelled at his jjjj^ l^^'* peaih that his Accufadon was falfe, and that he repented l^aviv. of it: liov/ever^ the Report never Vvore off, and being ;ic- cufcd afrefli, fhe was fcarched, and a Teat found upon her. The very Tale that Children tell m one another, when they jarcterrifyingthcmfelves about Witches^ She itanding anotlicr Search a few Hours afer by others, there was no Sign of any jfuch extraordinary Teat to be feen. She made no Conl*effion. Sarah Good was a melancholy diftcmper'd Wom.in for a^''^^■^■^"^"*'^• jlon<^ time. Mr. Noycs, the reverend Minifler of Salem, told lier fhe was a Witch, and bid her confefs. She re- ply'd, Tou are a Liar, I am no more a IVitch than you arc a \\\'kard-, ( I verily believe her) and if you take my Life^ God mil give you Blood to drink. This is not the Language of one [that has fold her S^^ul to the Devil. Rebecca Nurfe fo vehemently allerted her Innocence when R ' ccfa Iflie was apprehended, and at her Trial, and the Jury was fo J^J!)Jj]'^ ^-^^ Idiiratisfy'd with the Evidence produced againft her, that they '1J/,"L!,"' iK'*. '■■ , 11 '1.1 ■ k ,> > . I ^\v mi' 152 m„: T',JSf ■■^1 'i !MW JSI ' 'fl left in part tmburitd' : SI John Wil- idrd. Bi George Ja- cobs, Sen. .. )jM||i '"HI • i j f > M Samuel Wardwell. Talfe Con- ffjjions and 'fs/fe Wit' uejfts. (( CC cc «c <«• cc 4C eShe^ or Ghort, in the Likenefs of Mrs. Cory^ come towards them wi[h a Book to lign. The chief Men that flood the Folly of this Examination, were Hawthorn the Juftice, and Ni^^^ the Farfon, Hawthorn. TP'hy did you affli£i thefe Children ? Cory. I did not. Hawthorn. JVho did then ? Cory, I don't know; but think they are poor diflraftedl Creatures, and no Heed to be given to what they lay. As fmall Conjurers as Mr. Noyes and Mr. Hawthorn were, I wonder they fliould not have found out that, as well as pretended Witch did. The othSr moft material Clrcumftances of the Evidena were, That the Black Man whifper^d Mrs. Cory in the Ear^ that flie had a yellow Bird that ufcd to fuck between her f'n ^ers'^ tlat when floe moved her Lip they were bitten^ whinjk grafped her Hand they were pinched, I will have done witi if; 'tis too monftrous and (hocking: Yet the reverend Mi iter and worfliipful Juftice gave as much Attention to ir, if they had been pinched and bitten themfelves. Mr, ka\ tells us (he was condemned on the Spe^re's Evidence; yetj for ought [ fee, both the Juftice and the Minifter died natural Death. He adds, She concluded her Life with an w cellent Prayer on the Ladder, protefting her Innocence ti the very laft. Her Husband, Giles Cory^ a bold llout J being brought to his Trial, and knowing there were thi fame Witnefles ready to fwear againft him, as had fworn gainft the others, he refolved to undergo any kindofDeatl rather than fubmittotheVerdidtoffuch a Jury. So, forri fufing to be tried by them, after having pleaded Not Guilt Hawthorn and the reft of them ordered him to be prefled ti Death, which was accordingly executed. ■' ■ Ml "■Tl.e Hijlory fff New-England. 55 yiu Neal proceeds, *' All that fufTer'd Death on this Oc-r « carion vent out of the World without the leaft Acknow- i( ledgtticnt of their Guilt, laying their Blood at the Door Icoftalfe Witnelfes.'* The following Witches, as Dr. Jlla- lj)(r calls them , were condemned, but had the good For- tune to be reprieved ; and that giving the Government a j little time to think ap lin, they were pardoned : Mirry Brad- y^i oi Salisbury^ Jblgail Falkner^ of Andovcr^ who plcad- jedher Belly; for thefe New-England Witches were not the oldell Qi their Women ; and, by the Evidence agninft Mar- \ikOon-i ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^*^ ^^^^ Black Man^ i. e. the Devil, did not think a Girl of ii Years old too young to make a Witch of, tbo' fome will thinic Ihe was not old enough. ]);rm HdaVy of Beverly, Ann Fcjler^ of Jndoiier^ Rebecca nams^ of Boxford, Abigail Hobs, of Topsfield, Elizabeth UrMer, who al(b pleaded her Beliy. There were now 150 iin Prifon, and above 200 more under Accufation, and fevc- |ial ran away, or, as Mr. Neal fays, they had otherwife been \\njfd up ivith their Neighbours. Sir lVillia7n Phips was, as is feen by the Neiv-England [Hiftory, very much admired for his peculiar Excellencies by JDr. Cotton Mather ; and I make no Doubt but Sir V/illiam ((qiially admired the Dodlor for his, which I am afraid IcoiKribuced very much to thelb Perfecntions and Executions, Dr. Mather^s Zeal in both diftinguilhing him as much as thing. Had there been a Governor of Penetration and Refolution equal to his Charader, he would foon have put Stop to this Extravagance i he would, by his Example, lijve reftored fuch Juftices and Minillers, as Haivthorn and P(iw, to the Ufe of their Underftandings, if they had any, nd there would then have been no Witches in New-Enj^land, 3ne of the Magiftrates, Convin, a Sheriff, made a beiter Hand of it than moft of his Brethren ; for he feized and car- ted off to the Value of 1500/. the Effects of Mr. Pbilip mijhy an accufed Genclemanj and that Corzvin had no light to it, appears by his reftoring 300/. of i:, the reft bs lolh 'Tis not to be doubted that the Hopcii of fuch icizures occafioned many Profecutions, and many more Ac- [ufations, which would have ended as Ada7'y Ea/l/s diJ, lad not fome particular Reafons prevailed with the Ma-^^„,„yy^j,^^ pates to give over thefe Profecuaons as hallily as tlicy jcnjed, egan. One perhaps was, that the Accufations were mak- |ig; Approaches to their ov;'n dear Perfons. Dudley Bradjlreet, Efqj- who had grunted out Warrants gainft 30 or 40 fuppofcd Witches, thinking he had done nough, refolved to give over, and refufed to grant awy mure; 'Hfm •Ii i,'i I :!■: /I ;,iH '1 ^"! .» - V 1'f % ■ r 1 \i- If! t '\i !i i 'Ml mf i mm 156 ^e Hi/lory of New- England. more ; which the Witnefles fo highly refented, that they accufed him and his Lady of killing no fewer than nine Per. fons, by bewitching them ; and the Juftice was fo fenfible of the Pradices of his Brethren in the like Cafe, that he thought he had no other way of faving himfelf but fly, ing his Country. John Bradjircet^ Efq; his Brother, and I fuppofe both very nearly related to the late Governor, Simon Bradjlrttt Eftji being alfo fworn againft, fled into Pifcataqua^ out of Sir IViUiam Phlps's Jurifdidtion. The honeft Witnefles fwore Mr. Bradjireet rode through the Air upon a Dog to Witch Meetings. The worfliipful Juftices not only took the Oath, but would have taken and hang'd Mr. Brai, ^^j.p»( ttjireet. had he not got out of their way; for they put the Death at a>i-^t^ ' t> 1 a !• • u il' / r*"- ^'tc ^awnpiite. -Dog to Death, as an Accomplice with him. Capt. John Jldin, a Perfon of ^ good a Charadter for Senfe, Courage and Virtue, as any in the Country, Uy jj Weeks in Prifon, and then made his Efcape. Hawthorn^ be. fore mentioned, Major Gidney, Cot-win the Sheriff, and Mr. Stoughton too are named as adtive in the Perfecution, of which himfelf gives a modeft and rational Account, print* ed by Mr. Neal^ to which I refer. He returned, when the Storm was over, furrender'd himfelf to the fuperior Court 9X Bojion^ and was cleared by Proclamation, in v^^nV, 165^. But things went on, as Mr. Neal writes, " in their old *' Channel, till the AffliSied^ the pretended bewitch'd, over- " adted their Parts fo far, as to accufe feme of the neareft " Relations of Dr. Increafe Mather^ and of the Governor Dr. Mather '* himfelf.'* Nay, then 'twas time to believe there was no- mid Sir tiding at all in the whole Bufinefs, that the Accufers were Ph'p's''™,y,y2 criminal, and theaccufed innocent. Accordingly, the very ReiMiois ac- next Scflions, January^ 1693, three Months before Capt. exftd. Aiding Return, when no lefs than 56 Bills were preferr*!! againft Perfons for Witchcraft^ the Grand Jury brought in 30 Ignoramus, and of the 26 remaining, the Petty Jury' convidled but three, who being, without Doubt, as in noccnt as the reft, were pardon'd by the Governor, who! had found out that the Heads of the People were taking an- other Turn, and began to be as violently againft the Ac- cufers, as they had been againft the Accufed, infomuch that! even their Confeffions would not be taken, as in the Cafe of Mary Watts ; tho' the Magiftrates werei not forward toj part with this Occafion of (hewing their Power and Adi- A Step to vity ; for when the Grand Jury rejedted her Confeffion, look- the Pre/ecu- ing upoH hcf OS a diftcmper'd Perfon, and brought in tbel BUI Igmramusy the Court, made up ot fuch as Mr. Haw-'^ tknX ihi' tlOM' The Hijiory of New-England. '57 lupon tl0^ Mr- Sidney, Mr. Corwin^ fent them out again, but the Grand Jury ftood by their Verdid. gary Ofgcod^ Mary Tyler-, Deliverance Dane, Migail hhr^ Sarah lyitfon, Hannah Tyler, gave Information, that they were pradtis'd upon to have ConfcfTions extorted from tbeini which the Reverend Mr. Thomas Barnard, Mi- niller at Andover was not acquainted with ; and to prevent their Recantation, they were told, they fhould go after IVard^ yjill: That thefe Confeffions were drawn from the pretended Witches by Torments, appears in John Prober's Letter to the Reverend Mr. Mather, printed by Mr. Neal^ who obferves, the hanging of Pro£ler and his Fcllow-Frifoners, fiich MethodiJ as thefe Tortures being made ufe of, it is ^^^^p^^. f no wonder that the Number of confejjing fVitches amounted y7o«o/w^«4- " to fifty, not one of whom was put to trial whether they c^"/' 't- i would abide by their Confeflions when they came to die. '^^"/^',^' Unhappy Creatures ! who were forced to do the Drudgery « of taking away the Lives of their Neighbours to fave their |« own." As to Sir JVtlliam Phips the Governor's Condud in this fair, I ihall only add from the fame Hiftorian, " After fome Time he pardoned all that were under Sentence of Condemnation -, but before he did that, he treated the ac- I'cufcd with too much Severity, and countenanced thcPopu- •Cry againft them." A Man of Genius, equ^l to his Dig- ijty, would have clear'd the Country of the Accufers, as the pnlyway of leflening the Number of the Accufed of a Crime, leither proved nor believed by Perfons in ajuftandfober ay ot Thinking. It would be very unjuft to make this Folly and VVickednefs ational and perfonal. A very great Majority of the reafon- Ible Inhabitants o^ New- England abhorred thefe defperate [erfecutions at the Time they were carrying on, as appears by ilr. Caleb of BoJion*s Anfwer to Dr. Mather, who feems, at |ie winding up of this Story, to be a little afhamed of his ef- oafmgit in the Beginning, The Learning, good Senfe and Moderation of the prefent Minifters and Magiftrares of NetU' fff^Wareas muchoppofite to the Enthufiafm and Rigour of pe we are writing of, as Virtue is to Vice : And [they ould no more countenance fuch Doings as thefe, than the ifeft and beft of our Magiftrates and Minifters would do. hdeed, it muft be owned, that too many of the Puritans forward toHere Enthuftafls, and that their Principles were much more that they line Pet- b fenfible 'afe, that If but fly, )ofe both (a, out of I Witneffes ' a Dog to only took Vlr. Brad'l ey put the laradter for | itry, lay 15 wthorn^ b^ I f, and Mr. I ecution, of| >unt, print IX and Afti. jflion, look.] fught in the| iMr. Bavi- tkm nexceptionable than their Practices. For that they were a$ ady to trufs up Witches in Old England as in New, is prov'd our Hiftories. Mr. Lewis, Parfon of Bran/Ion in Suffolk, 4. v\as '■/i* 1-4 tjB\ I < * ■ti, i ; . I' ■ ■ i • I, ■^vJ.i %' M [^ I. ;'t ,W -lip ' ' fl; .l?^.«lf| 1-,; Mq ijS ^he Hijlory of New-England. was tried at St. EdmumFa-Bury, before Serjeant Giflcol/i condemned and hanged as a Wizard in the Parliament Tiire, And Glanvil/e, a King's Chaplain, a Dignitary in the Church of England, writes as zcaloufly for the Belief of Witches as Dr. Mather, and was as forward in the Profe^ cution of ihem, as Mr. Paris or Mr. Barnard in Nnv-Ei,^. land; nor could 'Squire Hazvthorti, or Major Gidney be more active in trying and condemning Witches, than wasSir il^aJ ibew Ha'is, as great and as good a Man and Lawyer as any! f)f his Age ; bur he was a Puritan, and overftraining thel Strings of Reformation, aj the Puritans fometimcs did, itjjf no wonder Ibmc of them broke. ''if i r ir I; 1;' CHAP. IV. From the Witch-Phgue to the Government oj Col Didly, A Containing the Space of xo Years. S the frantic Heat againft one another about Witchcrail began to abate in New- England, and People I'crioull reflected on the Cruelty, Wickednefs and Scandal oft Profecutions and Executions before fpoken of, they could nc| by examining the Governor's Condudt therein, wear offa of the Imprelftons that the Lofs of their ancient Privile in the Charter he brought over had given them of ir, the Continuance and Increafc of the Taxes for the hik War, withouc any fuitable Succefs in it j and the little om Diminution of them even after the Peace was conclude gave a handle to many to complain of Grievances and Malj Adminiihation. It is vilible thai Sir Williarn P.ips's Deft was not in his Heart : He was honeft and virtuous ; he me well, and did well as far as his Talents enabled him ; but I mean and to do well according to a Man's Light, is not ( nough for Government, if that Light is any way clouded I W^eaknefsor Wilfulnels, jtrthifsof The Difcontentcd having for fome Time contented the irKp,t fclvcs with complaitting, at laft drew up Articles of fij i.ijfSir ^Q2iQ\^j^Q^^ againft him, and fent them over to the King; Council, wiih a Petition chat he might be difchargcd fio <7 ,4m Ibe Hijlory o/" New-England. 159 |,is Government. The Minifters were generally in Friend- rt,;. 'jrh rhe Governor, who had fallen in with them in the R /; Bufinefs, and was very well difpofcd to fecond their I Endeavours of any kind, for the Service of the Church or thetnfelvcs ; and the General AlTembly were fo much under j j|,jir Influence at that Time, that they fent over a Petition contrary to the former, praying that he might be continued jn his Office. Thele two oppofite Addrellcs could not but puzzle the Caufe ^ but Sir JViUiam's Friends flattered them- feives that it would end in his Favour, and he be reftored to the Government. It might have been fo • yet I cannot but think he was no better qualified for it than fome that came after him in it. He had been recalled, and the Matter re- ferred to a Committeof the Council : But foon after his Arrival IjtlWs" he fell lick of a malignant Fever, and died. New-Hh Dtatkt IfwW was now become a great People ; there were at lealt Ijcoooo Engli^ Souls in the whole Province, and it required la pretty good Plead, confidering their fermenting Spirits, to Ikeep good Order among them, without breaking in upon frade or Liberty. One may perceive that fomething was wanting, whatever it was, lince fuch a Power as might have een raifed out of fuch Numbers, was very much fuperior to [hatofallthc/W/fl« Nations that had any Neighbourhood with [hem. And yet two or three of them put them to great Trouble and Kxpence. fFi/liam Stoughton, Efq- was the chief ^;,J^^,^(,„^ Viftrate. We meet with his Name among the Witch- Ej'i!^Cvur' udges, for which we are the more forry, bccaufe we fliall""''- nd him hereafter in an Undertaking equally generous and Ifeful. In the mean time the French would not kz the ///- mi be at Peace with the Engli/h. They were continually xciting and tempting them to renew the War. Had the In- s been left to themfelves, it is likely they would have icpt their Faith with their Neighbours. The Religion of the frmh was the worft Thing they learned of them ; for being ?», ihofe of the Barbarians^ who embraced it, hated the ^Jh as much for being Proteitants as being Intruders. \Sz French having received a Supply of all warlike Stores j,.,^P^^„^,, Dm Europe, diitributcd them among tlie Savages, and o---*%r/vii.- Iieed them to break the Peace within iefs than a Year. The^;-'"^'"'^"''* bariaris were certainly much honeller than the French, as ipears by their keeping all their Treaties wirh the Englijh, 3m the Piqnot to the PhVJppic War, near 40 Years, till 1004. I [e French corrupted both their Religion and Morals : For if le lidlam had any Religion at all, it muO be better than hat the Friers taught them, a Sample of which may be fecn iMr. AWsHillory. ^- z^6> I it 1. :^M\ I ;i ; .,*? 1M "^V'lii^illli! i-i ih M'*y ;M4 ■} i' ft'-m '4 h\ • 'a < i^l"i WSam 1 60 ne Hi/lory of Ncw-EngLijd. One Buckford couragioufly defended his Houfc againft them who defpairing to reduce him before Succours came leflj him, and going to Mrs. Cw/j's Farm, near Pifcataway^ \\^\ murdered her and her Family. They made an Incurlion into MiddUfex County i and aflaulted Grfl/(7'/, but were bravely re, pulfed by Lieutenant Lukin : Upon which they fell to pjm,. dering the Plantations thereabouts, killed 20 Prifoncrs, and '^a'^^fthT carried 10 or 12 more into Captivity. They killed one of jvl/i/rfftflw. the Children of Mr. Grejham' Hobart the Minifter, and car- 1 ried off another with them. They murdered three Perfons « Work, near Spruce Creaky and eight more ziKiitery, where they barbaroufly ufed a Daughter of Mr. Downin^^ akin I fuppofe to Sir George Downing, who was a New-Englandman and would have made an excellent Witch Judge, as appearjl by his hanging Col. Okey his Mafter, as we read in our Hifto.! rie?. The Savages fcalp'd this young Woman, and left her for Dead, but flie was living twenty Years after. Mr. jA feph Pike of Newbury^ Under-Sheriff of Ejfexy was tnurdcr.l ed by them between Amejbury and Haverhill^ in that County.l sSam"e To recompence thefe Lofles, the Englijh feized Bemma^tiA Bomtnafeen 3 famous Segamorty one of thofe that fign'd the laft Treaty!! tuktn. He pretended to. be juft come from Canada, and that he came on purpofe to endeavour to put an End to the Hoflj^ lilies ; but it being proved that he was a principal Adtor in the late Murders, he was fent Prifoner to BoJIon, as a Spy. Thd Taking of Bommafeen flunned '^the /^i^r'anx a little, and the . , were quiet for fix or feven Months. Among the Interpreter^ ^ at the Pemmaquid Pace, we meet with Sheep/cettJohn,a called from a Place of that Name where he had been co verted to Chriftianity by Mr. Elliot. He then turned Pa^ and was now a Papijf. This Sheepfcott pretended Ml to havJ a Kindnefs for the Englijh, and to ftiew ir, was very forward in promoting an Accommodation. A Fleet of Canoes camj to an Ifland a League from Pemmaquid, and fent Propoii of Peace to the Garrifon. They owned their Guilt in break] ing the laft Articles, but threw the Blame of it on th French. As a Proof of their Sincerity now, they delivero up eight Captives j fmall Proof, when they had above loij ftill in Captivity. However a Truce was granted for jd Days, and Col. Philips, the gallant Major Conven, and Lieu tenant Colonel Hawthorn, lam afraid he was a JVitch]\ii^ were appointed Commiffioners to treat with thofe on thcPi of the Indians^ But becaufe they brought not Bmmjii m ^je Hijiory ^/New-England. 16 1 ^jjhthcm, whofe Rclcafemcnt was all they wanted. The yian Commiflioncrs broke off the Conference, and went j^vay in Difguft. They had left the EtigUjh Captives in their Captivity, contrary to their Promife to relcalc them as a preliminary, which was a plain Indication they were not in Earncft. Advice was immcdiarely lent to all the Englijh Garrifons in the Eaji to be upon their guard j notwithilanding which Major Hammond of Kitttry fell into an Ambufcadc, and was A/!v ^'1 i d- ,1 nha ne Hijcry c/* New-England. iji" trds, artd abandoned his Truft, tho' the French had not fur. nifhcd thcmfclves with any Materials. The furprixjng Ncwj x)f this Lofs, caufed a mighty Conftemation at Bo^on^ ond all over New-England, Governor Siaughton and the Council immediately ordered three Men of War in purfuit of the French j tho' it was little liiccly that thcfe Ships could be fit- ted for that Service time enough to come up wifh iue Ene- my, who having done their Bufiners at P^m:.',auuid better than they could hope for, were gone far enough oat of the reach of the Englijh. Col. Gidfuy^ I doubt aiiother lyiui, Judge, marched with 500 Men to the Eaft, but the Indiant were gone home, and he could do nothing but ftrengthen the Garrifon there. The Savages before their Retreat killed Hve Soldiers belonging to Saco Fort, who mud not be with their Garrifon : And one may obfcrve, that the f rexteft Mifc Ket the Indians do, is by the Ambufhes and Surprizes^ \ ii,h,l confidering how the Barbarians were almoft intermixeci \,itt them, it is ftrange they (hould not be aware of r\i uard 1. 1 ^^^^^ ^ Woman of a tnafculme Spirit. She had laid i not above a Week, yet fhe and her Nurfe walked 150 Mik on Foot, to the Town where the Indian ihe was to fei lived. This Woman being afterwards to travel with Mafler and his Family, to a Rendezvous of the Army of 1 Savages, where, according to the diabolical Cuftomofthc ihe, her Nurfe, and other £ir^/^ Prifonera, were to runt Gantlet, Hannah watched her Opportunity in the N^ and having animated her NurcCr„wn if ike Frenchy have perpetrated fundry HoliUtiesagain/ihisof\L:v^\:^nd. Uajiflfs Subjects the Englilli, and have not delivered and re- tumd him thefeveral Englilh /« //; Hands ^ as in the/aid Umiffion they covenanted^ Wherefore we^ whofe Names are hereunto fubfcribed, Sega- lores, Captains and principal Men of the Indians, belonging Kiht Rivers (?/Kennebcck, Arnmonofcoggin,Saco, and Parts rr/^r, Scodook, a//'<7f Sampfon. . ... the Beginning of the next Spring, the Earl o^ Bellamcnt He to Bojlon, and held a General Affembly, I do not M 3 think ^"■' >? '^i fc* !-'■ u f i- ■-iltt rM, V i; ■'A ii ■■•1 ,■ ^ ^/!V 11 .'-AM. I m Capt. Kid, $he Pirate, ttktn hire. 166 ^e Hi/!ory of New-England. thinic he treated the great Colony of Nrjo-Endgland hand- {oveXyj to turn bis Back upon them, and make New-York the Place of his Relidcnce ; New-Tori being the younger and the fmaller Cobny, (hould certainly have given Place to New- England in the Favour of the Governor. Neither can I conceive, that Governors of Provinces, who are fcnt or fhould be fent thither for the Good of the People only, are at Liberty to fit down where they pleafe for their Conveniency or Pleafure, without Regard to the In. tereft and Conveniency of the major Part of their People, Z am apt to believe, that the Earl of Bellamonth Stay at Boflotty tho' not very long, would have been ihorter, had he not been looking out for Capt. Kid the Pirate, whofe Villainy in betraying thofe noble Perfons who had em. ploy*d him in an honeft laudable Adventure, and turn- ing Robber, had made a great Noife in England, andi brought feveral honourable Names in Queftion ; amonJ others, the Earl of BeUamont\ who detefted Kid^% ^^^ Treachery as much as any Man could do. He was fel; at BoJioHy by Order of the Governor, and fent Prifom to England, where he was examined concerning hisPiracii by Committees of Parliament, and afterwards tried, coi demn'd and executed. The Earl oiBelkmont returning to New-Tor k at thelatti End of the Summer, Lieutenant-Governor Stoughton refuo) the Adminiftration in his Abfence. There being no M War in the fucceeding Year, there will be litde or no Ai confiderable enough for Hiftory. Trade went on in its m tural ufual Courfe, with the accudomed Fluduations, Ao dents and Weathers; and Seafons friendly and unfriendly, rather Matter for Philofophical Tranfadions, than Politii t/ot. But we muft not omit that, on the loth of March, 170; a dreadful Fire broke out in the Houfe of Mr. Jti George, at Bo/ion, which confumed fever^ Streets, damagi others, burnt 9 Ware-houfes, with a vail Quantity of Goods, When the War between England and France broke 01 in 1702, the Indians did not think fit to interefl themfeli in it, by breaking with the EngHJh in this Part of Amm but the Government and Merchants of New- England fii out feveral Privateers which, in a few Weeks time, were fuccefsful, that they took fourteen French Merchani and three Capers. The Earl of Bellanunt dying this Yi Queen Anne, it being the firfl Year of her Reign, appoini Jofeph Dudley, E(q; to be Governor oi New-England. Si ly it was not his falling in with the MeaTuresof the abdicii King James that recommeoded him to Ae then 4 p] Engkm Me, that 10 the Que \jras prefen fhips, E/q; by them pt his future C Papiil than From Col THISGc i to the ( tryj but I d< Liberty, fo m In ^703, tl Fmch Invafio] l^ew-England Xm before, way Liberty q %ion of NetL Colony was i Ml, that, no( ten 7 or 8 of Foot, com| bothgallaot [two Years, buj Two Years 1 17 Ihherville, ;aifaJ20oo/,fJ " A {^nd fef id Materials ring nor recc io more prolpe The New- cre fucceftfq ;'»»f', and ti ■ondition,ejpc] 'tcewQfliitil He Hifiory, o/* New-England. jp England for this Truft and Dignity ; but it is remarka- Ijje^ that the Addrefs wjiich the New-Engkhd People fent to the Queen to con|B}ratulate her Acceffion to the Throne^ was prefented by IVilliam Vaughan^ Efqj and Conjiantint, Phips, E^qi The latter, one would think, was empbyed by them purely becaufe he was Sir fViillam's Namefake; for {lis future Condud die wed that he had much more of the papift than the Preibyurian iq him. 1 6. •t! CHAP. V. From Col. Dudley' % Government to Mr. Belcber*s. THIS Governor, Mr. Dudley^ was the more acceptable to the Colony, for that he was a Native of the Coun- I try } but I don't find he bad its Inierefts, as to Religion and Liberty, fo much at Heart as hi$ Anceftors had. In X703, the People of Jamaua were in great Fear of a fr^/ifHnvafion, and deiircd Help from the Government of \}^nv-Engiand 'y the* the Jamaicatis had, not very many Ye^rs before^ been very forward in pafling Laws to take ar jway Liberty of Confcience from fuch as profefled the Re^ monof Nnv'Englawiy as by Law eflabliOied^ yet this tColony was (o zea!o^s for the natural Good of the Pub- llick, thatj^ notwithftanding the Length of the Voyage, of- Iteo 7 or 8 Weeks,, they fent to Jamaica two Compani«s lof Foot, commanded by Col. Walton an4 Capt. Lawrence^ |i)Oth eallatu; Officers, who arrived (afe, and ferved thei(e |two Years, but loft many of their Men by Sicknef^ Two Years aftei^ when Nevis was plundered and ruined by IbhervilUy the Government of Nfvj-England generoufiy IraiM 2000 /, for the Relief of the diftreijod People of that Hand, {^d fent it in Otrgoes of Flower, Salt, Provifions, nd Materials for building, on board two Ships, neither de- tiring nor receiving any Returns, when tl^^t lil^d catnip in- ^0 qore profperoi^s Circumftances. The New- England Privateers, a|id Letter of Mark Ships nt fuccefsful in their Capture? during this War wiih Francf, and the Colony remainec} ip a flouriOiing and quiet Condition, ejjcepting th^Wrq^ling^i a^ng tj^cmlelYcs about H f They !iS :'i I :<>'"V 4i ii m Uj if -I 1'%: ih^L"^! .» ..*^ 1; I " Ml 1 68 7/^^ Hy/?ory 0^ New-England. They took Part in the Glories acquired by the Arms of Great Britain in the War, to recover Spain and the lygji, Indies out of the Hands of the Houfe of Bourbon. They were always ready to come into any Meafures that fliould bg projedied for carrying on the War againft the French in thefe Indies-^ among which, the Expedition to Canada was the mofl: agreeable to them, as a means to rid them o\ i\^ troublefom Neighbourhood of the French at Quebec. This was concerted before the fatal Battle of Almanza^ and a good Body of Troops were intended to embark for Nevo^ England^ to be joined by the Forces of that Province. The Defign was great and good, and the Miniftry that form'd it would have profccuted it with Zeal and Vigour, had not the Troops wliich were intended for that Embarkation been order'd for Spuin or Portugal^ on News of the Extremity to which the Forces of the Allies were reduced in thofe Kingdoms. The Expedition to Canada was then fo for. ward, that the Earl of Sunderland^ then Secretary of State fent an Advice- Boat to Bojhn^ with Orders to the Com' mandersof the Qijeen's Ships there, and to the Perfonwho had engaged to provide Stores for the Fleet and Army, to have] all in Readinefs, for the Forces were about to embark, and the Ships to fail ; but the bad News before-mentioned was! the Hindrance at that time. Thus was the E:^ecution ofj that Projedt left to a Set of Minifters, who had nothingf more in their Heads than how to fecure themfelves in theirj new Employments, by turning their Friendfliip from the! Confederates to France. What Likelihood then, that a De fign would be well executed, when it would, in fuch CafeJ have deprived rhe French of the means of increafipg theii Trade and Power in America. Be that as it will, 'tis cerj tain that no Body, who confider'd the good Confequences oj fuch an Enterprize, if fuccefsful, and was perfedly well acj quainted with the Charadters of the Perfons that were employ'c in it, expeded any thing good from it, towards anfwerin the End . propofed by the Confederates by that War wil France. The Officers and For':es, by Sea and Land, appoin| cd for this Service, were fuch as promifed as much as coul| be done by military Adions ; but thofe at the Head of th Projed: were reckon'd both ignorant in fuch Matters, an very far from being hearty in what was pretended to by it. The General, Mr. Hilly was "Brother to Mrs, Majht which was thought to be the moft prevailing Article of Merit for fo high a Preferment, tho' otherwife a gallant l![i and the Admiral, Sir Hovtnden Walker ^ was known to baij abandoned himfclf to all the Sentiments of thofe that wej then about brewing the Peace. Tlf T'he Hiftory of New-England. . 169 the Regiments cmbark'd were Col. Kirk's^ Col. HlWsy Col. Clayton^Sf Col. lVindrofi*s, Col. Kane's, Col. Difney's^ jnd Col. Churchill's. The Men of War were the Ed^ar^ Munmouth, Devon/hire, Humber, Swiftfure, Kin^JIand, Sun- iirliindf Montagu and Dunkirk, which were to be reinforce4 by Other Ships in the IVeJl-Indics. After feven Weeks and three Days Sail, the Fleet of Men Jan' i^i of War and Tranfports anchor'd in the River of N'antaskety^'^"' near Bo/lun in New-England. The Caftle of Bojlon having given the ufual Signal of the Approach of fevcral Ships in the Bay, about Noon the Alarm began, and in an Hour's (ime the Troop of Guards and a Regiment of Foot were ynd r Arms, and other Precautions taken for the Defence of the Place j but the Inhabitants were foon agreeably furprized ** with News, that the Ships arrived in the Bay were Englijh. Governor Dudley being then abfent, the Gentlemen of the Council received General Hill and Admiral Hovenden at their landing, the Troop and the Regiment ftill under Arms. The Forces on board were order'd alhore, and to j incamp in Noddes Ifland, where they were drawn up in Or- der of Battle. The Government ot New-England rnade all polTible Difpatch in getting ready i\\^\x ^uota of Men, as [had been propofed, with Tranfport-Ships for this Service; but when the Fleet mifcarry in the River of St. Lawrence^ and the Projed was entirely ruined, the Projedtors, or ra- ther the Miniflers in England gave out, that the Mifcarriage was entirely owing to the Backwardnels of the Preparations in New-England. The Publifher of the Political Statr^ I who was at firft a Tool of thefe Minifters, tho' being bauk*d his great Expedations from them, he afterwards return'd to \Ui Huguenot Principles, writes thus, October 1711. *' Thofe who had the principal Management of this Expedition I" were made to expedb, that, upon the Arrival of the Fleet ["in New- England, they would find there all the necef- I" fary Supplies of Provilion ; but, contrary to their Expedla- r tion, above five Weeks elapfed before all things could I" be got in Readinels." But Mr. Dummer's Remark on this Cenfure (hews, what a poor Excufe the Managers lud Recourfe to. *' When the great unfortunate Expedition whs " fet on Foot againft Canada, the N/w-England People r furniHied more than the Quota aOTigncd them, and pro- " vided all NecelTaries for the Britijh Troops in fo lliort a I" time, that if they had not been animated by an exrraor- I" dinary Zeal, would not have been poffiblc ; and fuch a I" Fleet and Army, wanting the NecelTaries they did, could " not have been difpatch'd on fo fliorc Warning from any . . " Port I I i'y \m '■:'! ■ Mi'' M ■1 I* ■ . ^1 is^i. 170 Frefent Srate 1711. oaober. 77je Hiftory of New-England. ** Port in England. " This Gentleman was many Year* Agent for Nnv-Engiand at London; a Man of Senfc, Leani. ing and Experience. Tlie Colony, at this tinje, had a good B^y of Troops, two of their Regiments were commanded by Col. Hf^alton and Col. retch, befides 5 or 6000 regular £riti/h Troops, and about 2000 Men of New- England, There were to march, from New-Tori to ^ebec, 2000 Englijh and 2000 Indians of the five Nations. Thus the whole Army, when joined, would have been above locoo Men; and the Fleet confifted of 15 Men of War, befidej Bomb fhips, Firefliips, Tenders andTranfports j a Naval and r,and Force fufficient to have driven the French out of ih« Continent, and all the Iflands of America, if it had been managed aright, and as it ought to have been. This Fleet I was fo fliatier'd and broken by bad Weather, and bad N». vigation, almoft as foon as enter'd the River of St. Lawnnct that ttiey got out of it as faft as they could, with the LoTs Cif many Ships and many Men. A large, but a tneiancholy Account of it, may be feen in the News- Papers of thefcl times, to which 1 refer. The Aflembly of New-England fitting foon after the Return I of the Ships from the River of St. Lawrence, and a terrible Fire wholly deftroying a good Part of the City cfB£/ion,the GoveN | nor made a Speech, wherein, among other things, he (aid, " Before we proceed, I muft offer you my fincere Senfel ** and fincere Condolence of the Fleet and Forces fent hither | ** by her Majefty's fpecial Favour. ** I have had time enough, fince the Account thereof, to I ** confider the feveral Articles of her Majefty*s Command tol ** this Government, for the putting forward this Expedition.! *' 1 cannot charge this Aflembly with ncgleding any ParticiKl ** lar J but, on the contrary, when I perufe the Journals ofj " the Proceedings, I think there was Provifion, and Et.j pedition made in every Article, referring to Soldiers, Arnil cers, Pilots, Tranfports and Provifion for the Service of[ her Majefty's Briti/h Forces, as well as our own. I hopel you will fee Reafon to confider and reprefent home, fori our Juftification, that it may be demonftrated thatwel ** were in earneft to do our Duty to the utmoft for our) •* own Benefit ai 1 Eftablifliment, as well as her Majeftv'sf Honour and juft Right fet down in the Inftrud^ions tori the Expedition. ** Befides this great Article, you have in your View tli moft (brrowfiil Providence of God, in fufrering fo grei a Part of this Town to be confumed by Fire, and, 1 mong the reft, the publick Buildings, which, if the hear « Debi^l from the like Defolation. The Town of Bojim rofeout of its Allies more beautifu! and more fecure than before j in a few Years after the G)n- ^arion, the Inhabitants there, and through the whole Go> vernment, continued increafing in Number, Trade and Wealth Early in the fuccceding Reign, the Government of Nsw' samuei inland was given by King George to Col Samuel Shute, ^^^^> ^/f«' Brother to the late Lord Barnngton. This Gentleman had *'"'*^* ferved in the Army under the Duke of Marlborough in Ger- mn^i and received feveral Wounds at the Battle of Dona- vitrt in the Territories of Bavaria^ where he commanded a Tiwp of Horfe. The Affcmbly do not forget this, in their fir^ Addrefs to him, in Anfwer to his firfl Speech to them, in November ^ iji6, in which is this Paragraph. 1716. Gody who has ofttn preferred your valuable Life, amidji a thufand Dangers, in the Field of Battle, was then gracioujfy fhajed to referve youy wi Iruft, in Favour and Happinefs ttthit-People'^ and your Excellency having fought andvtntwed \jiifar in the Caufe of Liberty and Rd'gion, the Marks Vihereof you will wear with Honour to the Grave, will, with f^al Glory now defend the Peoplt committed to your Charge in their Rights and Properties. The AlTembly provided a very handfom convenient Houfe for the Refidence of this Governor j but I know not how they dealt with him as to Salary. I find, by his Speech, there was no fettled Salary for the Governor or Lieutenant- Governor at that time. If AiTemblies were permitted to cbufe fuch Gentlemen of their Province to govern them as they knew to be well qualified for and worthy of the Station, nothing would be more reafonable than that they iliould make Provifion for his Salary and Dwelling, as it is alfo when a Governor who is fent from England is agreeable to them by Knowledge, or an e(hbli(h'd Chara£ter; but if the Cafe is otherwife, the Ajfcmblies of NeW'England at leaft will never be eafy in parting with their Money to fuch Gentlemen as come to or contend with them againft their One would have little thought, when we were following the firft Englijh here in inextricable Wouls, and had nothing of any thing but clearing the Way for them at prodigious £xpenct i^H' ''^i K':^ \> •■ K "M^ ■H ■*^t-4. m£ m €l ce /, and met the ctnbly of that Province, in order to procure an Obedi- ceto the Royal Injundtions concerning Salary, and accord- giy a Settlement of zoo / per Annum was fettled upon but the Affembly of Befton would take no Ex- bple by it, as was his Intention. On the 9thof All that Governor Bfkher faid in his Speech at the open- jngthls SelTion, touching the Grand Article of Salary, was in thefe Words : As I have largely recommended to former Ajjem- Hies, /o I now recommend toyou, a dutiful Compliance with his Mmfiy's 11 ih Infiru6iion^ for the Support [of his Governor for ihiTime being. The Aflembly ftill perfifted in their Rcfo- J^J^^'" jution to allow the Governor 1 000 /. per Annum^ and leave the Continuance of it to fucceeding AfTcmblies, which the Governor accepting, put an End to this jControverfy ; and ^ubtlefs Governor Belcher aded in this Affair niore in Obe- dience to Injundions he received at and from Home, than out of a Spirit of Inteteft and Contention, which he (hewed plainly, by declining to accept an Offer of 3000 /. a Year. with Affembly Limitations: Nor was his Compliance 'with the People without his Majefty*s Approbation, with refped to the Payment of Mr. Belcher ; but the Royal Injundion was i^ill infifled upon for eflablifliing a Salary on the Gover- nor for the Time being. In the mean time the Trade of this Colony was much iprcjudiced by Abufe in Manufa6tures, and great Differences arofe betwixt the Province of Maffachufets Bay and that of l^evj'HampJhire^ probably on Account of the Woods, wher6 cw thofe valuable white Pines, fo' necclfary to the EngUJh ipping. Concerning thefe white Pines, we find a Complaint made ^r^^g pi„ft fj Ralph Gul/lon, Efq} Contractor for the Ship Timber for /or rt^Na*/. [he Britl/h Navy, who met with fo much ObftrudHon in his rocuring thefe white Pines and other Ship Timber, that he as obliged to apply to the Governor for Relief; and the Go- vernor recommended the Affair to the Aflembly, who there- pen appointed a Committee to examine it J Which having done, [he Houfe defired the Governoi* to ifliie a Proclamation, for- idding all Perfons from giving any unjufl Obftrudtiort or oleflation to the Agents or Workmen' of Ralph Gulfton^ fq; in their complying with his Gohtrad to flirnifh his Ma- lik's Navy with Mafffij and a Proclamation wa» accordingly N a ilTued '■•'til; m i-P ,' i l' .'.I KtM ■I 1:') m I k I 'f 1 -i. !*>' "1 * il- "'. l, ' ' ■ •,*!:-. If- cc « cc cc cc cc i8o The Hijlory o/' New-England. ifTued, and alfo for preferving the King's Woods accordinw to the feveral Statutes in that Cafe pro.vided, and David Dut l>ar, Efq; Surveyor-General, gave this public Notification ; Whereas a Number of People, who call themfelves Pro^ prietors of Lands in Sheepfcott River, and other Parts to the Eaftward of Kennebeck River, have by their Agent Mr. Waldo^ petitioned his M«jefty upon their faid Claims, and are, as 1 am informed, providing to fend thither and take ** Polleffion of the faid Lands, without waiting for his Ma* ** jcfty's Pleafure and Determination thereupon. " I do hereby give notice to all Perfons concerned, that I am direded by his Majefty's Royal Inftrudions, to lay afide 300,000 Acres of Land, bearing the beft Timber as contiguous as may be to tlie Sea Shore and navigable Ri. vers wiihin the Province oi Novo Scotia^ to be refervedas a Nurfery of Trees for the Royal Navy : I have, in Obe- dience to my faid Inftrudions, made Choice of feveral Places from the Eaft-fide of Kennebeck River, and more efpecially in Sheepfcott River, i*fy under Off!' ;en obferved, for theOffi- ley from the ranee to Im* cry Referv> it was made J rft made a* iry Man will |te Pine kind, jtion i fo that but at fuchi large of bring* jfthem." [nd Reprefen- The Cover only in hiinJ from thence, that TheHtJiory ^New-England. i2 that that Right was only in them. We can enter no farther into this, Debate, becaufe ic was determined by the Parlia- 0ient in England, who vot d, That the Complaint, contain- ed in the New-England Memorial and Petition, was frivo- lnus and groundle/s, an high Infult upon his Majejifs Govern- jjient, and tending to/hake off" the Dependency of the Jaid Co- Im upon this Kingdom^ to which by Law and Right they are ond ought to befubjeSf, Then a Member of the Houfe of Commons complained of the Proceedings of the Affembly of New-England againft Jtremiah Dunbar^ Efqj for a Cenfure pafTed on him by the Affembly, for giving Evidence before that Houfe, relating to the Bill for the better fecuring and encouraging the Trade of the Sugar Colonies in America. Then the Minutes of the Affembly, containing the faid Cenfure, were read, and the Houfe came to this Refolution, Nem. Con. That iht pfuming to call any Perfon to Account, or pafs a Cenfure upon him, for Evidence given byfuch Perfon before that Houfe^ luas an audacious Proceeding, and an high Violation of the Privileges of that Houfe. The AfTembly fitting {December 1735) did a very commen- 1735.- dable Piece of Juftice in the Cafe of John Jppleton of Ipf mh, Efq; who prefented a Petition, fetting forth many Dif- ficulties and Sufferings he underwent in the troublefom Times of Sir Edmund Jndros, when he was grievoufly fined, aud long imprifon'd, for afTerting the Rights and Liberties of Enghjhmen, Enough has been faid of thofe troublefom Times in the proper Place. The Affembly taking into Con- fideration the Matter of the (aid Petition, voted that 500 Acres of unappropriated Lands be granted to the faid Apple- lf», his Heirs and Affigns for ever. Our Informer here ob- ferves, that there is /iill fubft/iing in this Province a virtuous md public Spirit, which is the chief, nay the only Support of •any Country. But it will be feer^ by our Hiftory, that this public Spirit of theirs has not been always fo well approved, irfo highly applauded. C H A P. VL Jf the Country, Towns and Forts j Of the Climate, I Soil and Produ(5t i Of the Animals^ aiid of the Trade. L L the Accounts of the Wefi- Indies, written from th» ^ Time of the Difcovery to the latter End of the Reign of Cing Cbarlts II, have little or no Agreement, either in. Uift m it V ■■ I .'r ■'fyt ■ m .V ■ 4 '^ M-r v:'r ) ■ i* l82 . 7^^ Hiflory of New-EngUnd. iji -I L'rifith and "Sreadth. ^ir- Articles ot People, Prpdud, or Trade ; an4 therefore I diaij have very little to do with them. The Province of Niiu-Eng/and rum nair 300 Miles along the Coaft, without reckoning the A"g|es. It is npt ^ny where in 9 dired Line above 50 Miles broad. Mr. AV^/ {peifuring by the New-Efiglan4 Accounts, makes it 3 ^o Miles Ippg, gndjop broadj from Cape Cod to the Mprth-Eaft Bounds ofA^u/. 3^/i j but ^ rather incline to think my former Account right. It lies between 4.1 and 45 Degrees Alsr/^ Latitude, is boijnd^ cd on the Terra Canqdenfis^ New-Franc^ on fh§ North^ by New-York on the tVtJ}^ by the Ocean on the Sia^tb and EaJ}, By its Situation it is in the Middle of the temperate Zone' yet theClin^ate is not fo mild, por To regular, as thofe of the Countries that are parallel wirh it in Eurtpe^ as fome Parts Climate snd of Italy and France. The Climate of New-! England, in Com- parifon with that of f^'irginia, is as the Climate of £«^/an^ compared with that of Scotland: The Summer is Ihorter and hotter than ours, and the Winter longer and colder. The Air however is healthy, and agrees with EngHjh Coiifti- tutions. The Weather is more fettled there than with % It is common in New-England to have a clear Sky for two Months together ; and it is common foi us to have a cloudy or tpggy one for almoft as long, with very fliort Inter- vals. Their Days of a good Length. The Sun rifes at Bof- ion J June 1 1, at 4 and 26 Minutes, and fets at 7 and 34. in the Evenirigi a.nd December 13, the Ihorteft Day in the Year, the Sub rifes at 7 and 35 Minutes, and fees at 4 and 27 Minutes. The Soil is generally fruitful. The Remark in my former Edition is not indeed very (ingular, but injmt Places more tbqn others j there being no Country upon Earth | wheie it is not fo. About the Maffachufets Bay it is as fat ■ jmd black 9s in any Part of England, confequently fruitful. The firft Planters found the Grafs in the Valleys above one Ell I in Height, rank for want of cutting ; but their Cattle eat it, i ^nd thrived very well with it. The chief Rivers in Nm- England are Pifcatai^ a, ConneJUicut, Aferimeck, Kennil>eci,\ ^nd JSaco. They are navigable feveral Leagues, and would be fo much farther, was it not for the Falls. There are many j fmall Rivulets, Brooks and Springs, and where thefe are want; | ing, a Well may be funk, and frefh Water found within ten or twelve Foot of the Surface in mod Party, It is faid there! are feveral Mines of Iron ; doutlefs there is Iron Stone e- TiOugh, Copper may be there too j for the North Conti- H^enr; of America abounds w«th it \ but as to Lead, I fufpedl that the Writers 4re pot fo well informed as they ihouldbave| been, Jherjl £(•»? f a/ S»d. Rivtrt, iiftll.p. lliut$» The Hiflory of Ne w-Englan d . 183 There is Plenty of good Timber in the Woods andwoodi. j^mps of Niw-England j but that Plenty is fo much fallen „J- within ten or twelve Miles of the Sea, that we are told tijere is a neceffity of a Law to prevent the Wafte of Woods, ^jjich three or fourfcore Years ago the Planters would have Ijjcn glad to have feen wifted. Oak, Elm, Fir, Afli, Cyprefe, Pine, Chefnut, Walnut, Cedar, Beech, Afpin, Saffafras, andShumack, are common here. Their Fir is of extraordi- nary Growth, for Mafts, Yards, and Planks. The Shumack, not over plenty I believe, is of ufe for Dyers and Tanners y jnd as there is no want of Hides and Skins, nor Bark, there muft be much Leather, and confequcntly fufficicnt Store of Shces in New-England ^ if thole Advantages are imprdved. The Oak has fupplied the Shipwrights for building. The Fir produces Pitch, Tar, Rofin, and Turpentine, fo much for our naval Stores, that we begin to wean ourifclves from an Opinion of thofe Commodities in the Balticky and to fupply ourfclvcs from New-England^ and the Northern Britijh Co- lonies, which have more than enough to fuppiy all the De- I inands of the Mirine |in England and clfewhere, wirh good Encouragement and Management. The Trade of Shipping is jxrevery flourifhingj and there is no Manner of Comparifon between the building here and that in all the other Colonies, 1 which does not come up to one half of it. All Sorts of Garden and Orchard Trees, which are planted, I and grow in Old-England^ do the fame in NeWy infomuch tjjat it is no hard Thing tot one Planter to make 100 Hog- iheads of Cyder in a Seafon ; and the Export of Apples to libc Sugar Iflands is one of the Trades of the Province. As Itovvhat is faid of their Apples being larger and Tweeter than jours in England, I am (bmewhat of an Infidel, becaufe ,our )li(nate,a8 has been obferved, is more moderate and long r rra than theirs, and tfie Fruit came originally from Eng- nd. The fame Obfervation extends to their Plumbs, Cher- ties, Peaches, Pears, l^c. All Sorts of Roots for the Table xe in great plenty here, as Turnips, Parlhips, Carrots, Ra- Rootti iihes, much larger and richer than in England, tho* ori- ginilly their Seeds came from thence. There are alfo Pompi- [)n3,andOnions good Store. As to Melons, I am afraidWriters Ifpeak too much of the Cold here to warrani: their enlarging that Article. .Vater-Melons and Squafhes grow here, erhaps from Seeds that were firft brought from Portugal^ vhither the Traders here have fent, and do fend their Fi(h in ;reat Quantities. There is great Variety of .Plants in New- England, different J»/.jai:<. m thofe ©f Europe, The Sabina Vulgaris^ or common N* Savin^ i f ' ■ w r!<% IK!: \i 'Ji.t '■V'i. ■ -A' 'I ■Ji ■ 'flp. ''vie-'* '.' " ■ -i ^ iii i* •'f '■^tf ■',v. :n li 184 iim ' -H m- III ws fpon: given us I am the ^al Blood ings and uch ; and inheriting harUi and j/ile, very •t, which, loot, and a ■e'saPlant :her, Par. fy-i and to As to the »f the Plan- I am the really been 3ng enough >een richer breed in a :ms turn to :h has been the Cochi- uch exceed. the Bahkk^ nent : for it -.h all Naval een longa* ethods pro- bmmodines I not only be' lent Plenty advantageous Undlan Cora Ihis Country, Ithe Account | \opy who was I loM//;fr« Parts \ or MamA J of Grain ot I (ound, about! ^e 'Hijiory of New-England. lJ'rl?W* ^'^'> olive^ grtenijh, black, freckled, Jirlped^ and (bme- ti(des in the fame Field, and in the fame Ear; but the white and yellow are the moft common. The Ear is defend- ed from the Cold and Storms by ftrong thick Husks ; the Stalk gfows fix or eight Feet high j that of New- England is not quite fo tali as that oi Virginia'^ and at Canada 'tis iliotter than at New- England, Thu. it rifes as it goes more Stuthirlyt ^«^ dwindles to the Northward, which is no TVon" iff or that it ihould lift its Head higher in a warmer Climate. disjointed like a Cane, is full of fweet Juice, like the Su- ear Cane, and a Syrup as fweet as Sugar may be made of it, as liis been often try'd, but with little Profit, or it would be of- ttntn'dnow. At every Joint there are long Leaves, or Flags, and at the Top a Branch of Flowers, like Rye Bloflbms. Tis generally planted from the Middle of Jpril to the Middle ofi%. In the Northern Parts, the Mohawk Corn is not . planted till June, and yet is ripe in Seafon. The Stalks of [bis fort are (hort, the Ears near the Bottom, and are of fe- vend Colours. The manner of planting Maize is in Rows at equal Diftance every way about 5 or 6 Feet j the Earth is opened with a How, 4 Inches deep, and 4. or 5 Grains are thrown into it, at a little Diftance from one another, in the iBreadth of a How ; then they are cover'd with Earth i if [two grow the Cop will anfwer. The Corn is weeded at a land's Length, and the Earth is Ioofen*d about it with a :low. This Labour muft be repeated as the Weeds corns When the Stalk begins to grow high, a little Earth hould be drawn about it, and on putting forth the Ear, fo such as to make a little Hill, like a Hop-hill. *Tis ripe tboutthe Middleof 5^^/fOT^^r; it muft be ftripp*d as fooi^ [sgather'd, unlefs *tis 'iiid thin, to prevent its growing ouldy, or fprouting; the common way is to move the Ear gether in long Traces by Tome Parts of the Husks left Hereon, which is called Tracing. Thefe Traces we hang |ij)on Bearers within Doors, and will keep fo all Winter and fweet. The Indians thradi it as they gather it ; hey dry it well on Mats in the Sun, and bury it in Holes the Ground, lined with Mofs or Mats, which ai3 their irns. fVhy did not Mr. Wimhrop tell us,what their Culture of twai before the Englifli came among them ? for the How is fo \^uh ufed in it now, that one fees there* s no being without jet the Indians had no Hows, >.vd this way of Culture here wholly Anglicized. The Engli/h of late plant it with the |elp of thd Plough. They turn up fmglc Furrows, 6 Feet liltant, then plough acrofs at the fame Diftance, throw in 185 ^:>v ■ I ■'» '■•■, h k Corn where thefe meet, and cover it with a Hmvy ■mm$ Wl ( ' if il-''.#> 186 7he Htyiory of NtW'En^\2Lnc\ or run another Furrow over it with the Pi^agh. The /;,. dians boil it till it becomes tender, and eat it with FjOi or Venifon, inftead of Bread ; fometimes they bruife it jq Mortars, and To boil it. The moft ufual way is to p^rch it in A(hes, ftirring it Co artificially, as to be very tender without burning. This they fift and beat in Mortars into fine Meal, which they eat dry, or mix'd with Water. The Englijh mix it into a ftifF Pafte, make Bread of it, which they bake all Day, or all Night. The beft Sort of Food which is made of it, is called Samp ^ to make it, the Com is water'd half an Hour, beaten in a Mortar to the Bigneij of Rice, fifted, boiled, and eaten with Milk, or Butter and Sugar, like Rice ; and this Teems to be fo pleafant and wholefom a Diet, that 'tis a ftrange fort of Folly in fomc that defpife it bccaufe 'tis Indian Corn, and the Indiani have no other Corn to eat. The Englijh have alfo made 'Bter made good Beer of it, by malting it or making it of Bread. When */'■'• they malt it, it muit chit both ways, Root and Blade) to do which they heap it up at a convenient time, then talce away the Top of the Earth in a Garden Field, 2 or 3 Inchta deep, after which they cover die Ground with the Com and the Corn with the Earth ^ when the Plot is green all over with the Corn Sprouts, which will be in about 10 Days, it mud be taken up, the Earth Aiaken from it and dry'd, and then waihed and dry*d again on a Kiln. Thi) Makes the Malt and that Beer which will be pleafant, wholefom, and of a brown Colour. The Beer made of Bread is nx}re durable, and altogether as pleafant. To do it, they cut the Bread into great Lumps, as big as a Man's Fift, marfh and manage it as they do Malt, adding or omitting Hops, of which they have enough, and a good fort of their own, as is defired. No Indian Corn grows wild now, but both that and Kidney-Beans were found among the Natives. The hd'm have a Tradition, that the firft Grain of Corn was brought thither by a Black-bird, and the firft Btan by a Crow. The Irijh fay the fame of the Seed of the Apple they call Coi- guagbee, i\\?x. it was firft brought fo from Spain; but the Humour of deriving every thing from the marvellous did not prevail among the Barbarians only, the ancient Gmh and Romans were as fond of it as Indians or IriJh. rmU, There's hardly greater Variety and Plenty of Fowl any where than in New-England^ as Turkies, Partridges, Gccfe, Ducks, Herops, Siv,rks, Heathcocks, Swans, Widgeons, Dappers, B lack-birds j all forts of Barn-door Fowl, Crow$, Ravens, Cormorants, t^c. Vaft Flights of Pigeons corw and go at certain Seafjns of the Year. Nor V, :■ .' :,i s 4m I7je Hijlory ^New-England. 187 |s[oris therein New-England mort Abundance of Fow1,^j* ^t the Price of 100/. but (unluckily died before it could be deliver'd, not of any 3iftemper it brought to England with it. Bears, Wolves, Foxes, Ounces, Syrunks, are the Beafts "Bm/j. of this Country. The Wolves, a Species, of wild Dugs, kc our ordinary Curs in England. The Indians tame theta vhen they are young. Here arc Elks Deer, Hares, Rabbits, and what made the nod profitable Trade here at the firft Settlement of the Eng' t Beavers, Otters, Minks, Raccoons, Muf^uagh, Sables, k. The moft admirable Creature is the Mo/'e, which J of- of the Mofe fe/ffl/ thus defer ibes, in his New- England Rarities. 'Tis <""*''" w-iir Iboui 12 Feet high, with four Horns, and broad Palms, ''•^*'"''"''^'* omc of 12 Feet from the Tip of one Horn to that of other. His Body is about the Bignefs oi' a Bull's, his Jeck refembles a Stag's. His Tail longer than a Buck's, [nd his Flefti very grateful. He flioots his Horns every bur Years. The manner of hunting it is thus: In the Jeafon, which is the Winter, the Hunters fometimes run it own in half a Day, fometimes they are a whole Day about If, the Ground being then generally cover'd with Snow, \o' the Climate is 8 or lu Degrees nearer the Snn than iirs. The Beaft finks very heavy in it every Step he mns, breaking down Trees as big as a Man's Thigh. When he Hunters are up with him, they dart their Lances at him, nd he walks flowiy after he is wounded, till, fpent with Lofs of Blood, he falls like a' ruin*d Building, making the ,arth (hake under him. There are fome venomous Creatures in New-England'^ lit the Country is pretty well cleared of them fince the jming and Planting of the Englijh. The RattU-Snoke is /J-irr/ei^j*/. |ie moft noted here, as well as at Virginia^ and other Con- nent Settlements. 'Tis four or five Feet long, and has a attle, confifting of about 20 loofe Rings in the Tail, ith which it makes a Noife for Afliftancc, when it appre- ends itfelC in Danger. Ic Is not fo much afiraid of a Man as I 'i l«^i.v ., i- • : 1 i I <•* ■ m- I- M'r ''. '\. i88 Tlje Hijlory of New- England. fls others of the fame Species. Their Venotn is fald tg j, I in a Bag in the Hollow of a forked Tooth, which brcalc I when they bite, much as what is faid of our Snakes and! Vipers in England^ whofc Venom comes from the breaking al Bladder when they bite. It infufes fo much Poifon into! the Wound of thofe it bites, that 'tis mortal, if not rettieJ died in a few Hours. 'Tis flow in its Motion, and curlbl its Body up, with its Head in the Middle, throws itfelf oj at Length againft the Objedt that has anger'd it. But thijl and the other American Creatures, have now been fo oftej feen and dcfcribed by Voyagers and Writers, that the copy.f ing them is fuperfluous, if not impertinent. Frogs, Toads, Batts, Owls and other Vermin, fwarJ where the Country is not well cleared, making fo hideous J Noife in the Summer Evenings, that 'tis fliocking to fuchajl are not ufed to it. 'Tis heard at feveral Miles Diftance aJ plainly as if it was within a Quarter of a Mile, according J my Author; but he does not let us into the Realbnwhyal Noife fo far off fhould be as audible as one fo near homj In the Midft of ic a Bird is often heard, that feldom or never! fmgs but in the Night, call'd JVhip poor IVill^ becaufe it[ feems to chaunt thofe \Vords in a loudly melancholy Tone J but the applying articulate Sounds to fuch forts of ChimingJ is more whimlical in this and other Birds, rhan in our Cw^ii(»| whofe Name is that very thing pronounced in any Language! in the World. The Firti in the Sea and Rivers here are excellent and in Abundance, both for Food and Traffick, as CodJ Tfaornback, Sturgeon, Salmon, Haddocks, Herrings, Macl karel, Smelts, Eels, Lampreys, Sharks, Seals, Porpus, GrampusJ V/bales, and other Fidi, great and fmall. The beft ]\lontli for fifliing zxQ March ^ April, May ^nd June. Sixorfeven| Star-Fifli were formerly taken off the Shore near Nantucketl of which Governor iVinthrop gave the Royal Society anj Account, having obferved that this Fifli divides itfeif into} no Icfs than 81920 fmall Parrs by Branchings, and is ona of the moil wonderful Works of the Creation; and it is nod much lefs Wonder, that any one Man, elpecially a chieJ Magiftrate, fhould have Curiofity, Patience and Leifuree- nough to find out and to tell thofe 81920 Branchings. Somej Years fincc, there ftrandcd on the Coaft of N ^iv- iin^lanh dead Whale, of the Sort which, in the Fiiliers Language, isj called *7r«w/»5, having Teeth like thofe of a Mill; it's Mouth at a good Diftance from and under the Nofe, and kverall Partitions in the Nofe, out of which ran a thin oily Sublbncej that candy'd, the Remainder being a thick fat Subihnce beii ^e Hiflory of New-England, 189 btinz fcrapcd out, was faid to be the Sperma Cetl ; It was fiid lb, and I believe that was all. Whales were often caught formerly between New- England and New-Tor k^ and if the Sperma Ceti had really been in the Nofe of that, it muft I hjvc been more common, and more cheap, than Experi- ence tells us, it has been ever iince this Difcovery, and at L(,jsprcfent time. As to the IVbaL Fifhery, 'tis now almoft ij much a Rarity in New as Old England-^ the Fifhery \yCod is at this time very great here, iho' ftill far fliort of that of Newfoundland, We (hall now proceed to the Geographical Defcription'''^.'^'!'^*" Uil^ew-Englarid^ and follow the Order of our former Edi-y;*„^'*j/„„^^ tion beginning with the largeft and moft popular Settlement, New-Ei.g- \^ilo{ MaJJdchufets Bay, which now contains not only thcy^"jj:^^^^,j^ loriginal Patent for the Colony fo denominated , but the b ly Luuj, mmuth Colony, aud the Province of New-Hampjhire. iTbiis the Province of MaJJachufets now extends from Eajl \nilfeji in Length along the Coaft, from Scituate, in P//- yuih County, to Saco River, in th^a ot' Mai ne^ near no iMiles, and from the fame Situation to Enfield in Hamp/hire^ ljl)OUttck\ Pi/cataqua, Sagadahocky Spumwicky lork, fome of whicli are navigable feveral Leagues up the Country. There ard ^. alfo feveral good Harbours, as Cape Porpusj Un/lar Hm\ hour, Pifcataquesy and feveral Iflands on the Coaft, foms of which are 10 Miles long. The inland Part of the Coun«| try is high and mountainous, confcquently barren; butncare ^ the Coafts and Rivers 'tis more fruitful. The Trade of th Inhabitants is Lumber and FiHi, fome Beaver and otbej Furr. The County Courts are held at Dover and ?^r/j3 W3uth the laft Tuefday in June, and at York the firft Tw/j day in July The next County is EOV '■x. S*\em. Ejfexy which has */fmesburyy * And.ver^ * Beverly y *^tf*/Jri| *GlouceJlery *HaverhiUy * Ipfwich* Lyn, * MancheJUr^ ^Mm huheady Nnvbury . E^/iy • Newbury IVeJly * Rswleyy * S, who uere to Death as Witches j more were hang'd here than in irh Hi/lory o/" New- England. 191 yivj'W^"^ befides. It broke out in the Houfe of the jiliniiier here, Mr. Paris^ whofe Daughter was a main Evukocc againft thctn, having been frequently under the po;ver of iPiuhoa/t, which her Father contributed very I gych to the Belief of. The Town is fituatcd in a Plain, j,e[ween two Rivers, and has two ^arbours, Winter Har- bour and Summer Harbour. Here the Planters of the Ma/- \uuftts Colony made their firft Settlement, and a very good mitlc is driven to Barbados and ttie Sugar lUands. It has L Market every IVidneJday^ and two Fairs in the Year, the laft IVtdnffday in Mayy and the laft Wtdntfday in Septemhir. jthc inferior Court is kept here the laft tutfday in 'June^ od Deamher^ and the fuperior the fecond Tutfday in No-- w%hr. Northward of ^Um is the high Promontory 7rj- IwWtf) now called Cape Ann^ a Place for filhing, and a iHarbour for Ships. A little higher is Ipfwich, a large Town» lEiuated by the Side of a fine River. The inferior Court is here the laft Tutfday in Marchy and the fuperior the Itbud tutfday in May. Lyn is a Market-Town, and I was Ijiirprized to read ii Mr. NcaU that there's hardly any Town 1 the Country that has a Market ^ for the Accounts we live met with of it name many Towns with Markets, and Idle Days on which they are kept. Lyn is fituated at the ortom of a Bay, near a River, which, on the breaking up of the Winter, empties icfelf with a rapid Torrent into the At the Mouth of the River Mtrrimtick ftands NiW' ^, pleafantly fituated, where Abundance of Sturgeon are ^[V^'*'* ken, and pickled after the Manner uied in i\it Baltick.^^"^' be Society for propagating the Gofpel according to the hurch of England, hav€ a MiiTionary here, to whom they ow 60/. a Year. It theDefign is to convert the Indians to brUlianity, 'tis v* v p'ous and laudable, if only to convert the Presbyterians, the Society allowing them to be already Chri- Ds,what is wii^u^ to their Salvation ? If it is to foment Di- jfHion forindiiierent Matters, to fupport Bigotry and Animo- y, 'tis a prerty long way the Miffionary goes for it, and 1 afraid h«s Errand is not (b neceflary as a Miftion a- the Hurons and Irakis would be. On the other |iide of the Merrimack^ over-againft Nivuburyy is Salisbury^ ere there is a Ferry ^ the River between the two Towns Qg half a Mile over, u, broad as the Thames at Grxnuf' nl Four Miles Southward of Sahm is Marblehead^ where ere is another Midlonary, who is not of the Religion as Law eftablifli'd in this Country. The above-mention'd ciety alk)w him f o /. a Year. Both thefe Allowances are kety baadfom, and much more invitins than many a mijh f 1' 'iff ■\ '< ^ h I .>H^ \\ mh^ * ,i;^. t; > II 192 Tlje Hijlory of New-England^ tiiti. Weljh Curacy, which, however, the greateftPartofourAc; cademifts would prefer to the New-England Miffion. The Soil of Effex County is not very fertile, except . be near the Sea Coaft, where the Towns are built for thj I Convenience of Fifliing, The River Merrimack^ whici, waters it, is barr'd in fome Places, or it would be navk, j ble up very high witfiin Land. A little above one of the jtmmuthag Falls of this River, is a Place called Ammuskeag^ where a huge Rock lies in the Midft of the Stream, on the Top of which are a great Number of Pits, made cxadlly round like Barrels or Hogflieads of different Sizes, fome of which would hold feveral Tons. The Indians knew nothing of the making of them, and 'tis impoffible any one elfe (hould. Nor can it be guefs'd very judicioufly, how the Savages could, without Iron Inftruments, work fuch Cavities in Stone. The Ufe the Indians fay they were put to is child- ifli and incredible, to hide their Provifions from their Ene- roies, in time of War, for which Purpofe their God made them J but their God could no more make them than they could. Mr. Neal fays, they feem plainly to htartificiah\ and, in fuch Cafe, the Indians of old, perhaps nearer Noal] than Columbus^ were greater Artifts than the Indians are now, not with (landing the Improvements they are faid to have made in Knowledge by Commerce with i\\Q EuropmA We come next to the Coumy oi Middle/ex. Uunty, Middlefex \a&*Billerica* Charles Tmm^ * Concord *Groioii\ *Marlboroughy * Medford^ * Reading^ * Shireburn, * Stovll *Woburny * Lexington^ * Cambridge^ ♦ Chelmsford^ DunJiaUA * Lancajier^ * Maiden^ * Newton^ Oxford, * Sudhut) I * Eaji IVaterton^ Weji PVaterUn^ * fForceJier^ * Framlki] ham, * Wejlon. Cambridge. Cambridge is the chief Town of this County ; it was atl firft called NewTown, fituated in the North Branch off ' Charles River, a few Miles from Bojion, There are feverall fine Streets, with good Houfes in it. The Inferior Courtl is held here the fecond Tuefday in September, and the Su{ perior the laft Tuefday in July, It changed its Name fro New-Town to Cambridge upon the founding the Univcr^ fity here, of which I have faid fomething already, and ihall fay more in the next Chapter, which treats of nothio clfe. Charles Town, the Mother of BoJIon, \s much more pop lous than Cambridge, and exceeds it much in refpedt of Trade being lituaced between two Rivers, MijH(k Rivtr and Chvlk 3 Kmr\ Charles Tuwn. 1^' mt I^l^'^l 'the tlifiory of New-England. m fiiiitu and parted from Bojion only by the latter, ovef ffhich there is a Ferry fo well tended, that a Bridge would not be much more convenient, except in Winter, when the Ice will neither bear, nor fuffcr a Boat to move through it. Xho' the River is much broader about the Town, it is not ^(fider in tbe Ferry Paflage than the Thamei between London jgd Southward. The Profits of this F^rry belong to Har- wr^ColI^e in Cambridge^ and are confiderable. The [Town is To large, as to take up all the Spate between the j two Rivers. *Ti3 beautify'd with a handfom Ifirge Churchj a Market-place by the River fide, and two long Streets lead- ing down to it. The Inferior Court is kept here the fecond Tuefday in March and December^ and the Superior the lait mStyiti January. Capt. ^ri»^ writes, that Charles Town is divided from Bojiort by a large navigable River, which runs Ifeveral Miles up the Country. It is near half as big, but not Ifo conveniently fituated for Trade, the* capable of being made las ftrong, it fhnding alfo on a Peninfula. 'Tis faid i ooo IVeflels clear annually from thefe tWo Towns only, more jtiian from all the European Colonies in Amtrlca not in lii^x^ Hands. Reading is a pretty populous Town, not very well built, but commodioully fituated oti the Banks of I great Lake. I'here are two Mills in ic, one for Grift, and mother to faw Boards, for which it furely cannot want Employ, there is fo much Fir in the Country, and the Boards ; makes being fo good a Commodity in the Sugar Ifiands. Wattrtm is noted for its Fairs held there the firft Tuefday watcrtofl< I JutUi and the firft in September. The Rivers are fmall in bis County, but there are a great many of them, which wa- ering the Paftures render it one of the plealanteft and fruit* lleft Spots of Ground in Ntw-England. The Fields are ill of Cattle of all forts, and the Market at Bojion is plenti-^ ily fupply*d by it for Exportation, with Beef, Pork, i^c, (fides for a home Confumption. The Hills are covered with beep, and both together refemble Devonjhirt in England. Suffolk County is next, and thtjrein are the following duffoik^ {'owns, * Braintretf * Dedham^ * Dorche/ier^ * Hingham, HuU^ Medfieldy * Mendon, * Milton^ * Roxbury^ ♦ ff^eymouth^ \lVoodJiocky * IVrenthaniy Brockliny Needham. The Capital of this County is S^^n, the Capital of iSTm^ Bofton« h^landi and the biggeft City in Jmerica^ except two or pe on tbe Spanijh Continent. Hfis pleafantly fituated in a ifula, about 4. Miles in Compafs, at the Bottom of a fine ^y, the MaJJiachuUti^ guarded from the Roughneis of the ' can by feveral Koclu appearing above Water, and by a- O bov« ri/i u »94 7he Hijlory of New-England. It" bove a dozen Iflands, many of which are inhabited, }Q(] one, called Nettles Ifland, within thefe few Years was e< fteemed worth 2 or 300/. a Year to the Owner, Col Shrimpton. There is but one common and /afe PaiTage into the Bay^ and that not very broad, there being hardly room for three Ships to come in a bread; but being once in, there is room for the Anchorage of 500 Sail. There is room fm fuch Anchorage in (b many of the Bays and Harbours of the Britijh Plantations in America^ that this Situation is nut fb extraordinary as at the firft Difcovery. The mod re. roarkable of thefe Iflands is called Cajik IJland^ froiQ the Caftle there built. It ilands about a League from the Xi*C4/iit. Town, upon the main Channel leading to it, and is To con- veniently (ituated, that no Ship of Burden can approach the { Town without the Hazard of being torn in Pieces by itj Cannon. In King Charles and King James's time the Fortj. fications here were very irregular, and thofe Princes could not have much at Heart the Safety of a People, who chofe rather to live among Savages in America^ than among RrocJ tors and Purfivand in England. King William fent Col. Romer^ a famous Engineer, to 52/?tf», to repair the FortifiJ cations, inftead of which, he demolilh'd all the oldV/Giksj and raifed new, which rendered it the moft regular Fortrefsl in the Britijh Plantations; to which was given the Name ofl Fort TVilliami *Tis mounted with about ioo.Bi|,9jes of OrJ nance, 20 of which were given to the Proviuqarby Qiieo/ Anne^ and are placed on a Platform near High Water ]\4arl(] fo as to take a Ship Fore and Aft^ before (he can bring he Broadfides to bear againft the Caftle. Some of theie Cannoi are 42 Pounders ; five hundred able Men are exempted fron all Military Dutv in times of War, to be ready to atte the Service of the Caftle at an Hour's Warning, upon a Signal of the Approach of an Enemy, which I think there is i great Danger of at Bojion^ where, in 24 Hours time, m loooo effefUve Men, well arm'd, be ready for their] fence. To prevent all poiTible Surprize, there is a \\ Houfe built on a Rock, appearing above Water, about | long Leagues from the Town, which, in time of Wai makes a Signal to the Caftle, and the Caftle to the Tow by hoifting and lowering the Union Flag fo many times there are Ships approachmg, which, if they exceed a certa Number, the Caftle fires three Guns, to alarm the Ton of Bo/ion 5 and the Governor, if need be, orders a Bm\ to be fix'd, which alarpns all the adjacent Country^ (o unlefs an Enemy can be fuppofed to fail *by to many Id «nd Rocks in a Fog, thf Town of B^tn muft have h\ w aoi ^e Htjlory of New-England. Irg^ inirc Hours to prepare for their Reception ; but fuppofing they tnight P*^* the Caftle, there are two Batteries at the ^^ih and houth End of the Town, which command the whole Bay and makes it impoflible for an Enemy's Ship of Burthen to ride there in fafety^ while the Merchant-men and fmall Craft may retire up into Charles River, out of Reach of the Cannon. It is equally impoflible for any Ship to be run away with out of this Harbour by a Pirate; for the Caftle fuffers no Ship outward bound to pafs {without a Permit from the Go- vernor, which \& not granted without a Clearing at the Cuf- tom-houfe, and the ulual Notice of Sailing, by looting the Fore-Topfail. The Bay o^BoJIon is fpacious enough to contain in a man- Ntmhervf ncr the Navy Royal of England: The Mafts of Ships here, ^''f' **'"• at the proper Seafon of the Year, make a kind of Wood of Trees, like that which we fee upon the River Thames about fi^apptng and Limehoufe, which may be eafily imagined, when weconfider that by the Computation, given into the Colledors of his Majefty's Guftoms to the Governor, upon the building of the Light-houfe, it appeared that there was 24.000 Tons of ipping cleared annually. Th<:re is a large Peer at the Bottom of the Bay i%ooot ntPettM ijoux" '" 'ong, with a Row of Warehoufes on the North- fide. ■ 'Peer runs fo far into .the Bay, that Ships of the greatcft Burthen may unlade without the Help of Beats and [tighters. The chief Stteet of the Town comes down to the IHead of the Peer ; at the upper End of it is the Town-Houfe, lor Exchange, a fine Building, containing, befides the Walk f «^/«3iM7in Ifor the Merchants, the Council ChamW, the Houfe of Com-'"**'* Imons, and a fpacious Room for the Courts of Jfuftice, The khange is furrounded with Bookfellers Shops, which have . I good Trade. There are five Printing-Hpufcs, at one of^^^^JJ?" hich the Bo/lon Gazette is printed, ^d comes out \mt a Week. The PreflTes here are generally full of ^rk, which is in a great meafure owing to the Colleges nd Schools for ufeful Learning in New-England % wherea? Vil^m-Tork there is but one little Bookfeller's Shop, and lione at all in Virginia^ Marylajid^ Carolina , BarbadoSy and he Sugar Iflands. The Town of Bojlon' lies in the Form of a half Moon, ij»mfi$, ound the Harbour, and confifting of between 3 and 40CO ioufcs, muft make an agreeable Profpedt, the fur- ounding Shore being high, the Streets large, and the BuUd- gs beautiful. The Goodnefs of the Pavement may com- lewithmofttn London -j to gallop a Horfe oa it is 3 s. 4^* O a for: ■ 1 ' ^ ..i ' ■ I Sill h^'fi^ ;';^|"^^l 196 The UiJIory of New-England. '"hahhmtd, forfeit. One may gucfs at the Number of the Inhabitants in BoJtM^ by the Bills of Morrality, which all political Arithme. ticians make their chief Rule to go by, and they flood thus twenty Years ago. mitts Negrots and Indians 9Uh efMtt' (huTthih Decreafed that Year Now taking half the Duuafe^ which one ciiay fuppofe to be the Medium between the Inrreafe and Decreafe, it will make the Weekly Bills in one Year 41 5 . Mr. JV ! ',. L r' The Hiftory of New-England. igy Yring fays the Anglican Church was offToodwhen he was there about the Year 1710, but there was another building with Brick. The G)nverration in this Town is as polite as in moft of ^•'''"'■/'•'""* the Cities and Towns of Engknii j many of their Merchants ^/J/^J^ having traded into Europe, and thofc thatftaid at home having the Advantage of Society with Travellers; fo that a Gentle- man from London would almoft think himfelf at home at Bop^i) when he obferves the Number of People, their Houfes, their Furniture, their Tables, ^hcL- Drcis and Converfation, which perhaps is asfplendid and ihowy, as that of the moft confiderable Tradefman in London. Opon the whole. Bo/ion Ttsdt, is the moft flouriihing Town for Trade and Commerce in the Englijh America. Near 600 Sail of Ships have been laden here in a Year for Europe^ and the Britijh Plantations. Hero the Governor commonly rcfides; the General Court and (;«««*. Aflecnbly meet; the Courts of Judicature fit; and the Af- fairs of the whole Province are tranfafted: The inferior Court of Common-Pleas, and Quarter-Seffions of the Peace is held here for the County of 5tf^/i,thc firft Tuefday in May and November. The General Court ofEledionof Counfellors is, by the Charter, on the laft JVednefdaymMay^ annually. The Court of Afliftants, confiiiing of Governor, Deputy Governor, and Magiftrates of Btfteny meet here the firft Tut/day in March and September: They determine Add- ons of ^Appeal, Capital Caufes, and Cau(es of Divorce : They may be called by the Governor or Deputy, asOccafion requires. Seven muft be prefent, at which the Governor or his Deputy to be one, except in Cafe of Neccflity. The Market at Bojion is kept every Thurfday. The Fairs Jf-|;*« ^^ on the fir^c Tuefday in May^ and on tne laft Tuefday in QSio' "'"* Ur, every Year, to bold three Days each. Bojton fends four Reprefentatives to the General Auembiy. One has need of great Caution in trufting to Relations of Men in the Briti^ JmericOy tho* written by Perfons on the Spot ; for either out of Ignorance, Negligence, or Partiality, diey very often dif- agree. C-ipt. Pring^ in his Account of Bo/fon, not only fays there is no Market here, but eives the Reafon of ir. " The Town oiBo/lon is plentifully iupplied with good and " wholefom Provifions of all Sorts, not inferior to thofe in " England^ and have Plenty of feveral Sorts of good Fifli *' very cheap ; but tho* the Town is large and populous, *' they could never be brought to eft&blifli a Market in ir, f' notwithftanding feveral of their Governors have taken *' great Pains to convince the Inhabitants how ufeful and ! beneficial it would be to them ^ but the Country People O I ? always ,.< . > s-f ?p., k -1: 4^' '■^r--' >|^R tyiSS! %■' '■' ' i'iT %J ,;--ii lis %4\ 4C a 198 72^^ Hijiory of New-England. ** always oppofed it, fo that it could not be fettled. The «« Reafon they give firft is, If Market-Days were appointed ** all the Country People coming in at the fame Time* •' would glut it, and the Towns People would buy their Pro- ** vifions for what they pleafcdj fo the Villages rather chufe " to fend them as they think fit j and fometimes a tall Fellow *' brings a Turkey or Goofe to (ell, and will travel thro' the ' whole Town to fee who will give moft for ir, and at laft fell it for is. 6d. or 4;. and if he had ftaidat home he could have earn ad a Crown by his Labour, which is the * ■ cuitomary Hire for a Days Work." Which (hews us that hefe Country People have not their Heads much the clearer #or the Clearnefs of the Air. The (kme Voyager informs uj * farther. " The Neck of Land between the Town and the Country is about forty Yards broad, and fo low, that the Spring. Tides fometimes wain the Road, which with little Charge might be fortified, and made fo f^rong, that it might be im. po^ible to force it, there being no way of coming at it by Land but over that Neck. The Town is near two Miles in Length, and in ibme Places three Quarters of a Mile broad in which are reckoned 4000 Houfes, moft of them built with Brick, and have about iSooo Inhabitants." This was thirty Years ago, and if there were then near 4000 Houfes, after the Computation of political Arithme- j ticians, at ^ to a Houfe, tl»ere muft have been then near 94000 Inhabitants, which agrees very well with .jy fortner Computation ; and adding to this the Increafe of 30 Years there will be great Reafon to think I computed a leis, rather | than a greater Number. The Streets are broad, and r^. Jar^fomeof the richeft Merchants have very ftately well built I iconvenient Houfes. The Ground on which the Townftandsj is wonder^Uy high, and very good Water is found all over itj There are feveral Wharfs built, which jet into the Harbour,! one of v^ich is called the Long Wharfs it being 800 Footinl Length, where large Ships with great Eafe may lade and un-J lade. On one fide are Warehoufes almoft the whole Length off theWharf, where the Merchants ftow their Goods ^ and morel than %o Ships may lade and unlade there at the (ame Time. MaJJiichufeti^Bz.y runs in about 8 Miles to the Bottom, where the Town (lands: It is fenced with Iflands, Rocks and Sa v^hich makes it a very fecure Harbour ; the Entrance is narrow,] «id ibme Shoals lie on the South>fide. Some fmall rocky liland called the Brewfttn^ make the North-fide of iti. Dorchefter. Dorchejitr is the IMXC Town to Bojim for B^iijj it alio fends four Members to the AliembJy ^ (C is T[%e Hiftory ^Z* New-Englandl. 199 K the Mouth of two little Rivers, near the Sea-fide ; ithas two Fairs, one on the fourth Tuefday'm March, and ,, another on the laft TVedmfday in Oifober, every Year. fiwhury is feated in the Bottom of a fliallow Bay, but has no Roxkury . Harbour for Shipping : It is well watered with Spring?, and of Note for its Free-School: Smelt-River runs through it, jjid a Quarter of a Mile to the North runs Stony-Rivtr, Braintree is noted alfo for its Free-School. The Town of ^(fuouth is the moft ancient in the Province, but is not not? of (o much Confideration as it was in the Infancy of the Colony. The Ferry at IVtymeuth is a well frequented paflagc, the Price Twopence by Day, and Fourpence by Night. Here are no great Rivers in this Shire, but many little ones, which render it fo pleafant and fruitful, that Debet fays. Pa- radifum baud immerito dixeris i it canfcarcebe unworthily called Paradifc. Round the noble Bay of the AJajTachufcts^ arc no left than twelve or fourteen fine Towns, and precry Villcys, between Pulling Point on the North Entrance, and mer:on Point on the South. Pulling Point was fo called, becaufe the Boats were, by the Eddies or Roads, haled againft the Tide, which is very flrong in this Place. Merton Point {(about two Leagues from Bo/ion^ on the other Side of the Bay, and has a fcnall Village upon it, where Ships commonly caft Anchor. lox^OR Ppyhvard of this and Middlejtx Counties, bor- HamprWre* dering on Cmneilicut River, lies Hgmffiirty which has the following Towns in it. « Enfield^ *^ Hatfield^ ♦ HadUyy • Northampton^ ♦ Spring-^ fdi, * Southfield^ * TVeJifieldy • Brookfield, This County being within Land and hilly, is not fo fruitful It the Lands lying nearer theCoafl, notwithllanding it is wa- tered by the great River Ctfs««^iV«r, on whofe Banks all the befbre-mencioiied Towns are built. The chief of them are Strtbamptm^ where the County Court is kept the laft Tuef- kj in Marchy and Springfield^ where it is kept the lafl l^uifday in September, The next County on the Coaft to the South, is that Vsurt PiimoHtiH of New-England which was lirft planted by the Englijh j it is called Plimotah firom the Name of the firft Town they built there, under the Aufpices of the Council of PUmouth^ the firft Advoiturers to this American Continent. This County contains the following Towns. * Plimouthy * Bridgwater^ * Duxbury^ * Marjhfield^ * Middlebtroughy * Pembrohy * Plympton, Plimeutb is (ituated on the great Gulf of Paiuxet, and C(ntw about 4.00 Families, or 2400 Souls, which make a O 4 • con: fi\i^ :•*- ■M hi ' ' -,l j 'i § ■ '** 1 ,','. '■ ■ I ■ " '%. V I £00 ^ be Hi/lory of New- England. confideraWe Town in OU- England; but 5a/«fl/* has lately outgrown it, and by its having two Churches we may fuppofe the Number ^of Inhabitants to be proportionably double. There arc two or three fraail Rivers in this County, whichj as to its Soil, is much of the fame Nature with that of Suf. folk. Pairing by Sea from this County to the next Barnfia- C*ft'Ctd> f,ig_^ we muft weather Cope-Cod^ the higheft Promontory on the Coaft. Capt. Gofnold named it from the abundance of that Sort of Filh ufualiy found and caught there. It makes a I large and commodiouj! Bay, capable of receiving looo ^ of Ships. A tenth Part of that Capacity would anfwer the Fifliery and Trade here j but bccaufe fuch fpacioufnefs Is fu. per-cxccUent in England^ where large Fleets often put into j Harbour, they that dcfcribc the Harbours in our Plantation! j may magnify their Extent with Pleafurc. The Entrance into this Bay is about four Miles wide, and Mr. NealfaySf it is encompaflcd all round, even to the very j Sea, mihOah, Pints, Sajfqfras, Juniptr^md other fweet Woods, which I fiippofe was rather the State of it when Gofnold was there, than at prcfent ; for fuch Timber lay too convenient for Trade and Shipping to remain Handing on the very Shore, or near it, infomuch that I have been informed, that Laws are wanting in New-England to prevent the cut* ting in wafte Timber within ten Miles of the Sea. The Ac- counts of the Whales in this Bay, which, if real, would make a moil advantageous Fiihery, agree not I believe with i the prefent Times : However the Cod-Fiftiing is fo profitable, that notwithftanding the Land of the Promontory is banren enough, yet it is as well peopled as mod Parts oiNew-Eng- land. The Land on the adjacent Coail about Eajiham is rich, Some of the firft Chriilians among the Indians, were thofe pear f lis Cape; and they were the more lik^y to befofor their Commerca with the Europtans^ who came frequendy thither tc fiHi. There were fix Indian Preachprs among them about fifty Years ago ^ I queftion whether there are fomany now, and if not, the main Reafon may be, that they are not ; (b much wanted, the Indians (ince, that having ;bred up their Children in the Englijh Tongue. The next County takes its Name from the before-mention^ edTown Bar?i/iaiU. Its Towns are * Barn/lable, * Eafthaniy Manimoy^ * Truro^ * Rochejltr^ * Sandwich, * Tarmouthy * Harwich, * Nantuket, In and z\io\xt EaJlham were about 500 CbriftianM'<7ffi. They had four Schools for the Inllrudion of their Children in j {leading and Writing, and (iz Juftices of the Peace of their] own Nation, to Keep good Order among them, to whom ^^ Mioiller^ Mr, SamttdTrfat^ preached in their own Lan ^uagc. 94rtiflsil* CuuRty. ,^-{f r has lately lay fuppofc ►ly double, ityj >^hich, ut of Suf. :t Barnfta- nontory on indance of It makes a ; 1000 Sail anfwer the ifnefs is fu. n put into Plantations s wide, and I to the very other fweei 5 of it when nber lay too nding on the sn informed, ent the cut- a. The Ac- real, would believe with fo profitable, :ory is barren if New-Eni' 'ham is rich, were thofc to befofor le frequently among them are fomany thw are not [bred up their ^re-mention' * RocheJitTj keU [ftian Mianu |r Children in I eace of their: iin, to whom < leir ownLan ^uage. Tie Hiflory £/" New-England. 201 We (htll find that both the Continent and Iflands l^bouts abounded with Converts to Chriftianity, which lieing the moft refined Morality, as well as pureft Religion, ^25 worthy the Labour of thofe zealous Minifters to inculcate and fpread: But I mufl needs own that the fending MiHionaries to preach the fame Religion in different J^'^^^J^^ {banners, is moire .apt to confound, than to convert \ and MijpQuariti where the Morals of thofe that call themfelves Chriftians are more corrupt and wicked than even thofe of the Indians^ as is too often the cafe, I 4o not fee what good the latter can propofc to themfelves, by learning to live as well as to wor- by fuch Chriftians. Let them begin with themfelves firft, Sinnicrafty an Indian King, to Mr. Mayhew^ whofe jjte indeed as well as Dodrine was a Leflbn to the Hea- tijeos. 1 know the quite contrary of fome that have been fent out by thofe that have taken the Charge of thefe Matters ; I believe Maryland and Virginia^ if not Nnu-TorJt and Ctf- , can afford too many Inftancesof the like MifHonaries. Oppofite to the Scutb Bay of BarnJiabU County, lied Monument Bay, lie two Iflands, one of them is named krtba'i Vineyard, on which Capt. Gfl/«<»/^ landed, about Jf*"^;'^^ I Year i6oi. What an idle Story did uitHollanders invent, litwasdifcoveredby Henry ChriJIian ihoMX. twenty Years liter? However his Name was given to it, and that of Block, ]odier Dutch Navigator, to Elizabeth Ifland near it, both ihich liles, they pretended, were Part of their Nova-Belgia, ir i\r^-}2ri-Grant from the Sutes-General, who had nfelves no Right in either of them. Bl9ck*s Name re- ins ftill in a little Ifle, near Rhode-hland. The Strdghts between Martha's Ptntyard and Barn/fable lounty, called Malabar^ is a very dangerous Paflage. Nantucket Ifle being under the (ame Proprietor and reacher, Mr. Mayhew^ Father and Son, the Progrefs of Ibrlftianity was fo great there, that of five Congregations Churches, four had Indian Minifters fifty Years ago. The Minifler was Mr. J^n Gardner. This Ifland fends a Re- ifeotative to the Aflembly, which was lately George Bonis, £fq ; In Brijlel County, the next we come to in our Courfe ^^-j^^^ liutbwardy are the following Towns. » Bri/ltl, « Swanfeyy • Rehobeth, * Taunton, • Jrtlebo- (fi, * Little Comptony ♦ Norton, • Dartmouth^ ii^ Deighton, Frutoum, Brifioly tho* not the oldeft Town in this County, yet it is bigg^ and moft populous, and as to Trade, may ftand to Bojton^ as Brijiolm England does to London, and the tfbout very commodious. Mr. Nial&.js this Town is built the .1,1 I ' $ m.'^ 4^-- . II&''' ' • .1': fi'H :.:i^'^f. :'!:'"f ^i rw^ ft " lAiKj.!! H V *. ; 1 • 202 Ithf Hiftory of New-England. on the only Land icquired by Conqueft, a much honefter way of Acquilition. than Ninnicrafi the Sachem upbraided I Mr. Mayhtw the Minifter with. King i'Ai/ip refcrvcd the Country adjacent to himfelf, when he fold the reiltothe Enzlijh. for the Advantage of good Fifhing and Huntina- and after he was conquered and killed, the Land was folj jfbr defraying the Charges of the War. Being bought by Men of more than ordinary Figure, the Town was laid out with more Art and Regularity than any other Town in the Province, and is fo well frequented, that there is great like- lihood of iii increafing in Trade and People. 9,^AiA. The Town oiRxhobeth^ as has been obferved, wasfirftl fettled about too Years ago by a Number of EngUjh Fami.l lies, who were ftreighcened in their former Settlement A / Weymouth, Its Indian Name was Saconet^ every whit asl founding as Reh»bith, in which there is fomewhat of Affec-| tationj and therefore is nor lalways ufed,.the Townbeine frequently flill called Saconet. It is (ituated on a Circle, a Plain, about a Mile and a half in Diameter. The Churchi die Minifter's Houle, and School Houfe, being in the middleJ Not far from it, in the Road to Bo/ion^ lies another Plain al bove three Mites over, admired by all Travellers for the Evennefs of it. The Indians broke into this Town, and burned forty Houfes in the Philippick War. Notwithftand^ ing that and other LoIIes, the Town of Arthborough is groin out of the Increafe of the Inhabitants of Rtbobeth^ on North-fide of which it is fituated. Swar.fey. Swanjeyh a large fcatcered Town, confiding ofthreec four Villages, inhabited, fays Mr. l>icaly by fo many Stu i Parties of Chrifiians^ as Churchmen, IndependefUSy AnakA it/is and Quakers, Dr. MatheTy in a Letter to Dr. Woodtvard, to whon every thing of the marvdlous kind was rooft welcome, wriicj that, *'at Taunton, by the Side of a tiding River, isaiari *^ Rock appearmg abc^e Water, on the perpendicular Side i '* which, next the Stream, are fcven or eight Lines, ab ^ feven or eight Feet long, engraven with unaccountab *' Charaders, not like any fx>w known in the Worki.1 Whatever Characters the Indians had, they could not en§itvj nor write, and, according to Dr. Mathtr's Account of i^ one may as well think they were engraven before the Flo as after. Near Brijiol is a remarkable Hill, called Mnii Uount Hope, which King Phiiip delighted much in, and retired i Hope. ^hen he was purfued and diftreffed by the Eiiglijb,yn\«i Plantation near thit Hill was forcibly enter'd by hisMenl and feveral Houfes burar^ which was the firft A&of Ho ^e Hiftory of New-England. 203 lity io the Phi/ippick War ; and, to revenge it, Capt. Prin^ 1 with a Troop of Horfe, Capt. Henchmun, Capt. Aloft' ■ jnd Capt. Cudworth^ the fame who wrote iigainft perfc- Jting the Quakers, were Tenc v/ith their Companies of Foot fcour the Enemy's Country, and a detach'd Party advanced j/j«/// Hope^ of which they took PolFeflion, the Indians flying every where before them, upon which they ravaged i the adjacent Country. Philip ntvcr recovcr'd it afterwa^is, lind retiring towards this Hill in his lafl Extremity, was kill'd It the Yoot of it. The Hill and all his Territories bring feiid by the Englijhy in Right of Conqueft, a Comick Poet, ,k Crewrty Author of two good Comedies, Sir Courtly 2;'Jj|;[ '^ VJV/ and the City Politicks^ begg'd it of King Charles II. puu o'took a Liking to his Plays. When Crown's Petition I prefented to the King, his Majefty knew nothing of the untry's being taken from Philip and his Heirs; and if he J known it, it appears not that he had any Right to take it im the lawful Owners, lyhofe it was by Right of Conqueft, their own Expencc of Blood and Treafure. He wrote a er to Ntw-Bnglandy in which he wonder'd he had 'no ter Information, tho' the Matter does not feem much to jcern him. This Poet's Father was, I fuppofe, an Inha- jant in the Northern Part of New- England ^ for he pretended I the Property of a confiderable Tradt of Land in New iilandi which being loft to the French^ his Son made that Pretence for the giving him Mount H^e in lieu of it. id that he had a New-England Education, one may guefs this Tradition of him, that being fcnc to 'Turin with Mr, .wards Sir Samuel Monland^ Envoy from Oliver Crom- il'-y the Duke oi Savoy ^ in Behalf of the Proteftanrs of HimmU he af&<^ed to be fo curious as to make Remarks the Rarities in the Duke's Palace, where oblcrving iz Pictures ranged in a Galiary, he put down, inllead of the \tlvt Cafars, the twelve Jpejiles^ which I have known the mftand the hearing of without Contradiction j and doubt- in thofe Days, the People of this Colony were much acquainted with the twelve Apoftles than the twelve ra; tho' it is quite other wife how. I have fo feldora di- that I hope it is excufeable, when 'tis to divert, ime write that there is a Quarry of Marble in this Hill ; J believe that is fome of the Magnolia of Neu}-Englandy :h want Confirmation. Off of Mount Hopi lies Rhode Rhode »rf, by the Natives called Aqueinet^ near the Narrggant^ ^^*"^ Bay. *Tis 14. or 15 Miles long, and 4 or 5 Miles broad. was firft inhabited by the Englifh in the Year 1639. Thofe withdrew to (his likod were fuch a$ erpoufed the Cove- nant , 'I , '■* i? f I , 1 / *J K ' !}■ , ,5V , a. ■'■,.1 I ill Vi'^i. n 'i' i '':> 204 7%e Hijlory f New-England. Hi 1 tiant of Grace, and were under Pcrfecurion from thofc tha»l fidcd with the Covcn.int of Works. What ftrange Wbi[ fies breed in Men's Heads, to diftradt and difturb them. believe great Allowance for Party muft be made in Dr. Qiti Mathfrs Reprefentation oF the hrft Settlers in Rhodt Ilanj] and thofe that came after them ; ** A (Jeneration of /ji,ri " tinis, Familijh^ Jntinomlansy whofe Pofteriiy, for wani ** of SchooU of Learning and a publick Miniftry, are becooij *' To barbarous, as not to be capable of fpeaking either go( ** Englijh. or good Scnfe." But thcfe Brutes, as he paint] thetn, had fo much Senfe, that they kept their old Ghana V! ■' >•■ of t^f'^il^cs, when Dr. Increafe Maihtr^ inltead of the o3 Maffachujtt Charter, brought home the new one bcforJ ritCksf'tr mentioned. The Rhode IJland Charter is thus dcfcrib'd b] mdCnfiitm' i\^ Board ^Tfode^ in their Reprefcntation to the/iea/i^ umthire. j^^ds, oi January 1735. -^^moji the whole Power of tk Crown is delegated to the People j who make an annual EltQ'm of ibeir Jjjembly^ their Council and their Governor alfi, t ^ the Majority of which ytjjembliesy Councils and Govtrmt^ hJing eolleifive Bodies^ the Power of making Laws is grantti and as their Charter is worded^ they can and do mai Laws, tveteS^Hvithout the Governor's Affenty and dlrta] contrary to their Opinions^ no negative Voice being reftrvd 1 I - them as Governors. Their Laws are nrt repeeilable by the Crsw\ k/kt the Validity of them depends upon their not hiing contrar^ TlkCimt a$ ^"'^ ^^ ^"^^ ^^ '^^y ^* agreeable to the Laws of England. Til eht Connie Colony of Conne6licut kept al(b ko ancient Charter of Privj tinit Cum- leges, and enjoy them dill, as well as Rhode IJland^ ncitb of which fend Members to the General AfTembly at Boj and the Towns therefore have no A/ierifms in our Lift; as they chufe their own Aflcmblies, their own Councils Governors, 1 am fatisfied they will never be fond of cha ing their Contiitution for that of the Majfachufets. Tfl Charter of Rhode IJland was procured in a great Meafure H Mr. Roger IVilliamsy who had been baniihed from l\ ton in the Debate about the Two Covenants^ and was foa time chofenaGovernorof the Iiland} where, notwithftanj ing the Influence of Mr. Williams^ who was an Anmm and the Number of that Sort of Men faid, by Dr. Maih^ to inhabit here, one Mr. Samul Gorton, who had been niOi'd the Majfachufet Colony, coming hither, and behavij unbecomingly, was fentenced to be whipp'd and expeil'd tl Ifland in the Infancy of the Colony, when Antinomm\ was predominant. About the fame time they fuffer'd a grcT Lofs, which almoft ruined, or at leaft diOiearten'd them. TU had.buih a Ship of 150 Tons, and freighted it for Eni\&\ I fWi. ;'*f:-! 205 ^t liijiory of New-England./ I|i[hthc moft valuable EfTcdta of the Country. Fivt or fix of the principal Inhabitants of the liland, and others of a fc^erR»n'^> '^^'* PalTagc in her, and fetting fail in January^ je never heard of afterwards. The Liberty of this Place nptcd the J;^«<7i/r; to comefirft from >iar^7^, T allow, TtmheVy Frames for Houfes, fome larger, fome I, according as People wanted, or had Money to purchafe, which the Traders have been enriched ; and Trade and bes are much more ape to poliih People than Faculties ID^rces, at Icaft without Genius. I find the Town of njmouth in Rhode Ijland mentioned in my former Edition, I Mr. Nathaniel Clap as Minifler ; but Newport is the lital Town of the IQand^ and there the Court of Admi- ralty th "1^:'^ ;...*.^<«M ::n lit ;!lti mm ''^ :% J?*; ;«-' 206 955^ llijiory of New-England. I Providence wick. ■■I ifalfy IS held, when it has Occafion to fit. Mr. Ohp wa then Minifter of both Congregations here and at Pertfmoutll a very fmall Town. The laft cited Hiftorian writes, *' t j ** defervedly call'd the Paradife of New-England^ for th] ** Fruitfulnefs of the Soil, and the Temperature of the Qi. •* mate, which, tho* it be not above fixty five Miles froj ** Bojioriy is a Coat warmer in If^infer^ and being furrounde *' by the Ocean, is not fb much afFe<9:ed in Summer witl ** the hot Land Breezes as the Towns on the Continent are 1 We have obfcrved that Providence and Warwick^ lying bcl tween Pimouth and Bny?*/ Counties, were built by the fwarnil jng of the People from Rhode IJland;w)\o bringing their religjJ OMsNoJirums along with them, tranfmitted a good Part of then to their Poftcrity. The Town of f Warwick fufFer'd much \i the Philippick War, every Houfe in the Town being dJ firoyed, except one j but it foon recovered, and both thef] Towns are now large and thriving. Mr. Neal fays they ar] under the Government of Rhode IJland^ which feemin» t] be, by what we have faid of v.^ one of the beft EftabHlHl ments in the whole Country, *tis furprizing that the famj Hiftorian (hould write there is the leaft Appearance of OrJ dcr in thefe of any Towns in New- England. I am not a all inclined to believe it, from their being againft ihxtCo';im% which theMagiftrates and Minifters o^ Bo/ion declared for,beinj fully r^itisfy'd that I have met with much more defperate Nol tions there than Jntinomiani/m; the*, as far as I underftani it, I take it to be a wrong way of Thinking. The AccouJ of them at prefent is, according to that Hiftorian, " Theyliyl ** in great Amity with their Neighbours, and tho' every Mai ** does what he thinks right in his own Eyes, it is rare thj *' any notorious Crimes are committed by them, which m ** be attributed, in fome meafure, to their great Veneratioi *' for the Holy Scriptures, which they all read, from the leal ** to the greateft, tho* they have neither Minifters nor m *' giftrates to recommend it to them. This dtferva a lit\ •* more Thought than one can have Room for in a Hip •* They have an Averfion to all forts of Taxes, as the Invc •* tions of Men to fupport Hirelings, as they call all fud ** Magiftratcs and Minilters as will not ferve them for 4 *' thing; and thofe of either,, that ferve purely for the Hir\ " are certainly not fo publick fpirited as thefe Antinomic 'iiimbitmiti,^^^ They are very hofpitable to Strangers; a Traveller paff ** through thefe Towns, may call at any Houfe with '* fame Liberty as if he was at an Inn, and be kindly i •* tertain'd with the beft they have for nothing." The rearii^ of Cattle, and making Butter and Cheefe is their chief £o The Htneur M$d Omttf fityofthe 7J? Hijlory of New-England. 207 •Joy, by which they have very much enrich'd themfehres: ^Society for propagating the Gofpel, after the tnaoner of Afi Church of England, have lately placed a Miffionary in ij^e Parts, the reverend Mr. Guy^ to whom they allow %o /. ^ Jinnum. The next Counties we rouft treat of, take in the united Oolooies of the ConneSiicut and Newhaven, whofe Charter is (till preferved as it was firft granted, which, as often ^^zMaJfachufets have under Cbnfideration, cannot but be iccompanicd with fome mental Uneafinefles. Thefe two goited Provinces are in Length from Stoniton in Nem-Lon- jgn County, to Rye in Fairfield County, on the Borders of ^fiti-Yorkj 70 Miles, and in Breadth, from Saybrook in iVJw- ^«(/«« County, to Wind/or in Hartford County, about 50. Thcfirft Co'inty we come to on the QoiXk is Nevj-London NewLon- County, in which are, *^" ^•^' Stoniionf Saybrook^ Prefion^ Danficky NnV'LondoHf Lymt^ Itbanotiy Killingworth. TkeEailern Parts of this Shire are pleafant and fruitful, the IWeftern fwampy and mountainous, . which occafioned a greaC rade for Peltry and Lumber. Saybmk is the oldeft Town in the County, ^ called from tlie Lord Vifoount Say and Seal and the Lord Brook, two of Ithe moil ilaunch Puritans in England, whofe Agent, Mr. ftnwicky built this Town at the Mouth of the River Cmmc-- iut. /;>;77^ ftands over-againft it. Saybrook Fort was tho urity of the infant Colony in the Pequot War. The Ri- nConneilicut divides itfelf into feveral Branches, andisna* ieable above 60 Miles within Land. Hew London is Htuated on a.River call'd the Thanus. The ft Branch of which River goes by the Name of Glafs veff the next Branch by that of RuJePs Delight, the ird by that of Indian River. There's a fmall River which ; into the Sea at Manchejier. The Trade of Ship-building riihes here. I faw, not long ago, a fine Ship of 2 or 30a onsat BriJloU which was built here, as I was then inform'dj e Ship-builders and Ship-owners found this Place very loiDinodious for fhem. At Stoniton ^here does or did lately me a Packet-boat from NorthJUet^ in Long I (land, very flvenient for a Correfpondence between New-L,ngland and ^e^-Yark. I Jartford is the next County to this within Land ; Hirtfiicd, has no Seaport Town in it, which can be faid of no other ounty in New-England-, yet 'tis well peopled, and the Pco- thrive and live well. The Towns are, Hartford^ Farmi.igton, Glaftonbury, Middle Towrty Wind' ; Hadhamt Simsbury^ fVfatbirbury^ WaUrsfifld, Farm^ 'indlinm. • x Hart' '/ #J ft ""'-^ '[\i'\ ft " 208 f^e Wflon of New-England. '" Hartford is the moft confiderable Town in this County. It has two Parifli Churches, as they are regularly ftiled in my Hiftory, and not with the Name of Meeting-houfes, when and where they are by Law eftablifli'd ; but as the New-England ' Chriftians do not call their Churches by Saint's Names, fuch as I St. Dun/fan, St. Botolpb, St. Warburgh^ St. Ethelford St Cuthbert, St. Chad, St. Winifred, &c. Thefc two Church«j are diftinguifli*d by the Names of Old Church and New Church Near Hadham is an Ifland in Conne^icut River, which wai ters the Northern Bounds of the County. 'Tis crUed ihir'tA Milt Ifland, it being at that Diftance from the Mouth of the River. In the Weftern Parts are feveral Ridges of Hills and thick Forefts, which aflford' Plenty of Game, as it did formerly of Traffick, when Furs and Skins were in better! Demand. The two next Counties made the Newhaven Colony 1 which is joined to ConneSficut. In Newhaven County arc f the following Towns. Brainfard, Dtrby^ Guildford^ Milford, Newhaven^ IVal.l lingford, Kewhaven.' The Capital of this Province is Newhaven, much more confiderable than it was when my firft Edition was publilli'd on Account of the College here ere Greenwich^ Rye, Stratford. ^'^'Z* There is no navigable River in this County; that which Ijlls into Hud/on*s River, below Newark, not deferving the Name, tho* 'tis broad at the Mouth, but it does not hcSd fo ibove four or five Miles, nor run twenty into the Country. jioft of ills Towns, or rather Villages, are built in fmall Creeks and are of no great Note for Trade or BIgnefs. The Hand Part of the Country, 8 or lo Miles from the Shore, is full of Hills and Swamps, which are uninhabited. It was formerly the Mchegin Territory, and in part planted by tliC Dutch, Nevu-Tork Province bounding it all along to the Southward. Befides the Tfland on this Coaft already mentioned, there ire Faulcon Ifland, Fijher's Ifland, Block Jfland, where the Pirates never netted, yet they have frequently water'd, and 10 other litrle namelefs Iflands, which ferve to break tho \^inds and Seas from the feveraJ Shores. CHAP. VII. |0f the Government and Ijasffs o^ New England \ of die Univerfity, and the State of Learning there. much has been faid of theCcverament) in /peaking of the firft and fubfequenc Charters, that we have little to ddhere. The Governor of the Majfachufets Colony hav- ng now under Jurifdidion that oiPlimoutb and New-Mamp* ^irtj fo he is generally ftiled Governor of NeW'England^ o' ConmSiicut and Rhode Jfland are not included in his Dommiffionj and I have obferved, that the Governor of be MaJJachufeti has always been Governor of New-Han^ Vtrt'^ for John JVentworth, Efq; had that Government in leYcar 17x7, when Mr. Burgefs had that of the Majfa^' fufeti. The Governor and Lieutenant-Governor^ the Militia Of- oftht \'^' i; i;$ ■ );* *i. lO ^e Hi/lory of New-England. CtUHlit. the Admiralty Court is within the Governor's Commiflion for the whole Country of New-England : It being obferved that fuch a Court was left out of the Ch?irters of Conneaicut and Rhode Ijland^ perhaps by NegKgence ; but that Fault will n% ver be amended, if it was one. We have feen the Lieutc' nant- Governor of New-England hold a Court of Admiralty in RJjode IjJandy and proceed to Trials and Executions of Pirates there. The Counfil, which feems to me to be more properly callM the Country* 5 than the Governor' s^ are chofcn annually by the General Afembly out of the principal Inhabitants, Lioft, ly Members of the prefent or formerReprefentative. Eigh. teen of the u muft be Inhabitants or proprietors of La^j, within the Li^iuts of the firft Mafachufet Charter ; four muft bechofen ou' of the ancient Jurifdidion of Plimouth; three out of Maine, one out of the Country between Sagada,\ hod and New-Scotlandy and two within any other Part of the Province, within the Limits of the prefent Jurifdidion. They have great Power in the executive Part of the Government much of it depending entirely on their Approbation ; they are alfo a Part of the Legiflature. General jtr. '^^^ General Aflembly is chofcn annually, and meets at ftmUj. ' Bojion the latter End of May. All the -Members fubfcribc I the Declaration and Oath of Abjuration, Indeed the People 1 of NrijU' England vce. fo loyal to our Sovereign King Geom that they have made it a folemn Boad, and it may be well boafted of thorn, that they have not a Jacobite in thdr Country. I The new Council being chofen, at the Opening of thel Seflions are prefented to the Governor, who underwrites his I Approbation in thefe Words, / confent to theEleSfion ofCm\ fellorsy Given under my Hand this Day of 5. 5. I dol not find that the Governor has a Negative upon this Eledtion, I or that it is any where complained of as a E^efedl in theirl prefent Charter. The General Aflembly ereft Courts of JuJ dicaturc, levy Taxes, and make Laws from Time to Time/ not repugnant fo the Lzvfs of England : But all fuchLawi Ihuil be tranfmitted thither for the Royal Affent, and if dif^ allowed within the Space of three Years, to be void. 1 Board of Trade, in their Reprcfentations before-mention fay, with reference to this Conffitution, ** The AJn " chufe the Council, and the Governor depends upon i '* Affembly for his annual Support, which has too frquent-l '^Ay laid the Governors of this Province under Temptatio •'of giving up the Prerogative of the Crown, and i J Inccrcft of Gnat Britain." The latter is certainly I The Tii/idry 5/" NcW-6ngiand(; tjie true Intereft of har Colonies alfo, inafmiicii is their Pfofpcrity depends thereupon, and therefore fuch Go- lernors deferved fevcre Animadvcrfion. In the Reigns we liave lived under, ever fince the Proteftant Succeffion took Eftft, the Prerogative of the Crown, and the Intereft of Qmt Britain^ have been all one j in which fenfe this Ob- fervstion is worthy the honourable Perfbns that made it, but not in any other. Every one who has 40 s. a Year in Land, Of5o/ perlbnal Eftate,. is a Burgefs. The latter Condition i5 warranted by all Reafon and Equity ; and where- ever it ii wanting) there is a Defef. ily fcarce in New-England when the Univerfity was I fuppofe cbey were much more icarce ia £ff^ibff, added to ^tit Sirnames, till they go out Mailers of Arts, as Sir Dun/iar^ Sir Ckauncey, Sit \Oaies. Several Men of Eminence, both in Oid and New-England^ Gentimrn owed their Education to Harvard College. Though the Name '^J^^ "' of Sir George Dnvning does no great Honour, confidering bow after he had been a Tool to Oliver and the Rump, he I became fuch, in fo abandoned a Manner to Charles II. that, [to pleafe him, he .betrayed his late Mailer Col. Okey^ in [whofe Family he had lived, feized him in Holland as a King's jjudge, and fent him to England^ to be hanged, drawn, and Iqiurtered ', and tho' his Genius and Spirit were both poor and lunqual to his Chara(Sler as a Knight and AmbafTador ; yet for [that he was an Ambaffador and a Knight, his Education at l/fort/ari College is not to be forgotten. Here alfo was bred \Miam Mildmayj Efg^ Son to Sir Henry Mildmay^ and el- der Brother to Henry Mildmay^ Efqj of Shawfird^ in Hamp- Uriy where his Pofterity, very nearly related to the Author, ,iicfide at this Day. Mr. Mildmay*s£\xx.ox here was Mr. Ri" \{kri L]/on, William Stoughton^ £(q^ feveral Times Lieute« V 4 nanc- ijili. ;-• fVlp. ' Hi; i;:'*l|'>^ ,* V -^ - ¥• ,4 -T.X, 2l6 The Hijiory o/* New-England. $ W; Oant-(jovcrnor of the Colony, nnd Founder oi fiLtu^htin-f-fa'i in this Univerfity, Jopph Dudley^ \l(% late Governor of ^ew-England^ and many other Gentlemen of the Province were alfo here educated. In Stoughtm-Hall are Accommo^ dacions for the Reception of fuch Indian Youth as have an Inclination for Academical Education. We have mentioned the Printing- Houfe here; and one of the hrft Things printed rT"!!fl '^''*' ^** *^^ Nnv-England VcrCxon of the Pfalms^ which j'/iSiiiiw/vcry ill dcferved the Pains the TranQaiors took in trgnflat. tktr0, ing it, or the Expence and Care of printing it. Indeed I am loth to remember the Namet? of the Perlbns cooccrncd in this Vci'fion, ic being fo Uale to their Credit ; but finding them in another Hiftory, I copy it. Mr. Eliot of Raxbury Mr. Mathtr of Donhejier^ «nd Mr. /^W/f, were the Mini! £ttn fcl2£led for this V^/'ork, which they finifhed, and got I primed in the Year 1640, but my Author fays it did not ft. tisfy ; and tho* revifed for a fccond Edition by Mr, Dunjjar yet ftill it if but a poor Bufinefsi and the Miniftersofj NewwEngknd fhould, one would think, have known that I littuning and Languages will not do in Poetry, without Gc- 1 isius, wiSereas Genius will do without either. I gave Of' 1 fence in my firft Edition to fome who valued the New-Eng. \ land Verfion of the Pfalms, for the very Qualities which I i condemned. *♦ This Verfion, tho* it is abominable, in what follows as to ♦' the Metre, has the Commendation of keeping clofer to the ** Original than any, owing perhaps to the Corredtions of I *• Mr. Dunflar, perfedly well vcrfcd in the Oriental Lar. *' guages. The excufe the TranQators gave for their badl ** Verfes and bad Rhitnes, That God*s Altars med net eur\ ** polijhing^ as in Cotton Mather*s Hiftory, is of the iamel •* ftniin with other of his Arguments, as if they had afFedsdj <* to be flat and rough, and could have done better, orth}t| ** we ought not to une our Creator's Praife in the beft Lan-I ^ guage andfweeteft]v7elody, according to the Example of] ^* the Divine Original, which they pretended to tranflate.j ** If they wanted a ftithful Verfion, why did they not do it I <* in Profe ? tho' even then, I am afraid the Roughnefs and! <* Fktneis would have been a Diigrace to the Sublimity and] ** Beauty of the Htbrew Pfalms; ibr among all their Gifts,! ^ they ought with a lit tic Modefty havQ feen that they wer«| ^* not tn«)wcd with that of Poetry." An Hiftorian is ^1 from di^ring in Opinion with me on this Head. Ifwt ttm\ fijre^ fays be, t^e New-England Ferjion of tht Pulms vim thoft that ha-uffince hen puklijhei^ it muji bt aeinmlcd^tditr it itit a mm rirrfirmm^ fkai bm vtry littU Biouty f %rvard (College in the Year 1662 ; for Dr. Chauncey the [fident lived 9 or 10 Years after that in the fame Station^ I was too well born, and too well bred, to have been iifpliced to make room for any other Perfon, without his Choice, which then iliould have been mentioned. It is linDr, Owen was about removing to New-England nt:er he Uniformity AO: had (ilenced him ; but he received .exprefs )rdets &om the King to ftay where he was. Prefident Chauncey : i \ It I > 1:t)W4''''''|'. i'- . ■:.• 1 t fi', t*.,.-. %. ^' V ■'■t lirp'^'' ' li. %iS ne Hiftory ©/* New-England. Chauneiy had fix Sons bred in Harvard College to the M' niftry, thecidcft Mc. //wc Chjunceyy was beneficed at /r, J' borough in ff^ilt/hm , whence he was driven by tlie /tci ofij ■' formifyy and was after that a very eminent Nonconformir' Miiiifter in the City o( London. Hij Grandfrm, '^I j^u-fsrijL Mr. Richard Chauncey, Linen-Drapcr in Ce-uyil/^ \-, ^ ^j^, eminent Citizen and Trader. Dr. Ichabod Ch. tni.y^ anothe? Son of the Prelident's, was Chaplain to the Rcgitr :nt ati Dtvtkirk^ commanded by the Governor Sir Edward Harl,i\ Father to the firft Earl of Oxford za^ Mortimer -^ and J worthy Friend the late Dr. Chauncty. a Phyfician of oc^m SJcilland Pradice, at Brijioly was the Prelident's Grandfon My Acqjaintancc with more than one of thcfe Gentlcmci draws this Remembrance of them from me. On the Dead of Mr. Chaunctyy he was fuccecded as Prclident of Harvan J;';J''JJ"f College, by Dr. Leonard Hoar, the firft in that Station, whi ^Ht, had his Education in the fame College ; after which he tr}4 ycWcd to England, and commenced Dr. of Phyfickat cj bridge. He was alfo beneficed at If^an/itad in Ejfex. I L] pofe by the Prefentation or Intereft of Sir Henry Mildmmi then Lord of that Manor, which he held in Right of hij Wife, Daughter of Sir Leonard Holyday, Lord Mayor qI London, and born in Gbucejlerjhirty as was this Dr. U'ia\ and perhaps a Relation as well as Namefake. He was turne out at lVanJ}cad by the Uniformity Mi^ and being invited ta be Paftor of the South Church at BoJioUy he returned to Uti^ England^ with a Defienco accept of the Invitation, at whic. Time Mr. Chauncey dying, the Curators of the College chofJ him Prefidenr, and hequitted his Pretenfions to the ChurcJ at Bdjlon. This Dr. Hoar married a Daughter of that mud injured and murdered Lady, the Lady Lijle^ who was butch] Cred by Judge Jtfferies at tVincheJier^ for giving EntertainJ ment to a Diflenting Minifter Mr. Hicks, Brother to Hu}\ the Nonjuring Parfon, if not Bifhop, who had been withtb T^\^\it oi Monmouth^ which Lady Z.i/7.? knew nothing of. iJ Dr. Hoards Time there was a new Subfcription for the Col] leee, the Number of Students being coniiderably increafet The old Buildings were not fuflficient ,to receive them : T^ enlargt; them Contributions were collected both in O/t/an New- Sngland^ the lattcrnot fo liberally ^as the JJfefulnefsi the W ork deferved ; for out of about 1 900 /. that was colledj ed, above 800/. was raifcd in the Town of Bo/ion. Oft Contributions in England^ Sir Thomas Temple, who had both Proprietor and Governor of A'ifi^^-^^w/tfW, gave 100 /I Pr. Hmt was fo far from giving Content in his Prefidcntniipl that ^i the Students dcferced the College in a Body i Com] plainu ^e Uijlory o/'Ncw-England. 219 ninfiM agaif^ft ^^"^ were made to the principal Men of the Lyincc, who giving their Opinions in favour of the Com- l^nt-S the Dodkor took it lo much to Heart, that he fell [LjConrumpcion, which put an End to his Life, about (ix Months after he was obliged to rc(ign his Office, in which Ljwas fuccecdcd by Mr. Frian Quits, Ht was born in ^fr.vmn hilond, but brought over hither very young, and educat- 9*''" '*"' pj in Hatvard College, where he took his Batchelors and "*** j^lillers Degrees. He returned into his native Country a- tiout the Time of the Rump, and was made Parfon ac fiiMtld^ in Hampjhirty where he continued till he was turn- ed our by the Uniformity A qjence, with Reading and Rhetoric k, of which others have oblerved, as well as myfelf, who all were far from wiOiing pifcouragement in Reputation and Intereft to this Uni- verfity. Upon Mr. Oakes^s Death, Mr. Incrtafe Mather ^ one of .i/r. John thcMinirters of Bcjlon^ was chofen Prefident ^ but his Church ^"?"* DOt confcnting to his removing to Cambridge^ Mr. 'John '^'•^'^'"' hitn was preferred in his Place. He cameoverio Ntw-Eng- kndit 6Yearsof Age, and was educated in //flry^r J Col- lege, which in Mr. Rogers's Time had like to have been burned to the Ground, but was prevented by his providen- tial (hortning his Prayer, it being, as we have found, a part of the Prefident's Duty to pray in his public Hall with bis Scholars Morning and Evening, and without a Book. It had been always, and I am apt to believe is flill the Cuilom, for the Prefidents to think Length eflential in Prayer^, but it hap- pened very extraordinarily that juH: as a Fire was breaking out in one of the Student's Chambers, Mr. Rogers was /horter than ufualjand that Student returned Time enough to put it out. Mr. Rogers's Charafter has fo much Refcmblance with iMr. Oaifs\ that the fame Sketch will ferve for both. He died / !-■ I< ' ...' it ,<;',. ■ 1 M: '» 220 me Hsfiory oft^cW'Enghnd, died after he had cnjoy'd his Office two Years; and then Mr. A/". Tncrpafe Increnfe Mather was chofen again, and accepted of the Prefi* >ii»r!'^''"«^entfliipof the College, with the Confent ot his Congrcga' tion at Bofton^ in the Year 1^84. He was the firftprcfident that was born in New-England^ where his Father, Mr. ^,. chard Mather^ arrived from England 50 Years before, snd was chofen Minifter of the Church at Dorchejier. There are fo many of the Mathers in the Ecckfiaftical Hiftory of Af^. England, and fo much faid of them, that one would thiolc it might be almoft as well called the Hiftory of the Mathers as the Church Hiftory of New-England, Dr. Cotton Mathtr Son of this Preftdent, is the Hiftorian, and he has not for. gotten himfelf nor his Family in his Work, to which I refer if the Reader's Curiofity will reach it. ' Enough has been already faid of Tale College at Newbaven where we met with fuch edifying Tnftances of the Lightyboi without and within^ to borrow a Phrafe from ^mkerlfm. The Students in thefe Colleges, and who are computed at between % and 4.oo,are much more numerous inProportion to theNum. ber of Souls, than the Students in the Univerfities of Oxfwi and Cambridge ; for fuppofing the Number of Souls in iVwo. England to be 200000, the loweft Computation, and the Number of Students 400 ; the Number of Souls in England to be 8 Millions, the higheft Computation, the Number of | Students ihouldbe 3r> Cotton Mather, tufidtmt. id then Mr. )f the PreG. s Congrega. rftPrefident er, Mr. ki, before, and There arc oryofiVw. would thiok the Mathers^ itton Mathir has not kt- yhich I refer, It Newhavm, ieI/|A/,both \akerifm. The ed at between intotheNum. ies of Oxfsrd Soub in Ntw- ation, and the lis in England ic Numlw of idge, and they Mather's Ab. by Mr. John verfity, at hal ; of DodorofI it was for his ! "hjurter for the I e;vices. He^ and had the' oftph Duiltj^ I s/r, was dw' tufficienily ap> I Is for fuch an | them. He! y, wrote the I \t poor Crea- publifli'd bjfl hips^ between HarmoDyl Having ^ mjtory of New-Englancl. Having no perfcder Lift of the Prefidents and Fellows of 1/ rvflraCollcgc, I muffc defire the Reader to content him- Sfwith this, as J have been forced to do, much againft my Will through the Negligence or Indolence of thofe, to wliom I often apply'd for Information. prefidents of Harvard College. 221 1^10 Mr. Nathaniel Eaton, expell'd. 1640 Mr. Henry Dunjiar^ rcmovM. l5u Mr. Charles Chauncey, 1 67 1 Dt. Leonard Hoary xeC^^'d* ,^y5 Mr. Frian Oaies, 1681 Mr, John Ragersy 1684 Dr. Increafe Mather, 1702 Dr. Cotton Mather, Fellows of Harvard College, ^Fellows. f Fellows. }■ Fellows. 1^51 1^53 'Fellows. Mr. Samuel Mathery *H? Mr. Samuel Danforth, Mr. Jonathan Mitchely "+7 Mr. Con, Star, Mr. Samuel Eaton, 1^4.0 Mr. C/r/fl» Otfi«, Mr, John Collins, Mr. ^/V W/ Wiggle/worthy ? p^Uo^- Mr. Thomas Dudleyy i Mr, Thomas Shepherdy Mr. Samuel Nowelly Mr. Samuel Hooker, Mr. Samuel Bradjlreety Mr. 7^«/:'« Leveret, 1 Vice-Prefidents anj Mr. JVilliam Brattle, f Fellows. Mr. Samuel Mitchel, Fellow. Mr. Nehemiah IFalter, Fellow. Mt.JohnlVhit', Fellow. Mr. Paul Dudley, ' Xv w Mt.BcjaminlVadfivortb, .<^cl»0WS. Mr. Ebenezer Pemberton, Fellow. Mr. John Fitch, Fellow. Mr. James Men, M. A. 7 - ,, Mr. Charles Morton, M. A. 5 *'<^"°w«- } Fell The two laft were bred in England. Mr. James Allen^ M, was Fellow of New- College, Oxford, as well as oi Harjari College in New-England; being turned out at Bartholmt Day, 1662, he removed thjther. Mr. Charles Morton^U, being at the fame time turned out of his Living of Blijland \ Cornwal, had, for feveral Years, a fiourifhing Academici School at Newington, from whence he was alfo driven b] Perfecution, and coming to New-England^ was chofcn MJ nifter of Charles Town, CHAP. VIII. Of the Inhabit? ats, their Number, Manners^ Culj toms. Trade. V . M'-" T HOT have left the Indians cut of the Article of Ii| habitants, there art fo ftw of tb«m now remaioii^ *. •, ^t J « fbe Hifiory ^New-England. 22 j I. Agjurifdiifiion of New- England, and thofe that are be- [r iq very much anglicifed in Speech and Reh'gion, as well %re(s, Cuftoms and Manners j yet, to give a little Idea of I ' j^fatives, when and for fome time after the Englijh came limongft them, I fhali fparc a Page or two on that Subjed. The Maffojfoits, or IVampanags, dwelt about Mount Hope, ofthtln* .^(Ui^Bri/iol County. They were the firft Niition that the '*"** n/;^ acquainted themfclves with, and Mr. PTinflnu enter'd ntoFriendfliip with their King, as has been laid; but the "randfon of that King, tho' he had taken a Name from iitEn^l'A ^^° S^^^ him that of P/j/7//>, became their mor- I Enemy, raifed moft of the neighbouring Nations againft jieni carried on a defperate War, and at laft perifl\*d in it fithmoftofhis People. What Opinion he had of the Chriftian icligion, even after Chriftianity had been preach'd amongft hem ?o or 40 Years, may be imagined by his taking hold Ji Button of Mr. Eilioty the Indhn Apoftle's Coat, and tying, I care not that for your Religion. A Sign he had arn° fome Englijh, it being a Saying of Contempt with them, Uare not a Button far it. The Pocaffdi were in Plimoutb pounty. The Queen was a Confederate with Philip, and kiHi'd aifo in that War. The Piquots, a fierce untradable feople, inhabited the Country towards the Mouth of Con-' \^icut River, between New-London and Fairfield Counties^ hey did what they could to hinder the fettling of the Eng" i on the Banks of the ConneSficut, and began the firft War Eth them, which ended in their Deftruftion, very few 'them furviving it. The Patuxets dwelt between the unties of New-London and New-BriJioL The Maquas are ilfd by Dr. Mather, and after him by Mr. Neal, with the \(Di'Envland Indians', but they belong to New-Tork, and !one c.f the five Nations in perpetual Alliance, or ra- Coalition with that Province, Dr. Mather makes dvr.Ti \in-Eaters ; but that Dodor affefts thcOutofihe way, which Criticks call the marvelous, in all his Hiftories, which {ide fomuch Room for Witches, Apparitions, monftrous hs, and other Magnolia . I have not met with : Vf fober llory that fpeaks of thefe American Cannibals, except a- ngft the Caribbeans, and fuch fort of Relations are too onary and juvenile to be aflbciated with plain Fat^s and Incidents. The Maquas are the Maquois in the French faphy ; and indeed all the Indian Nations, Southward ol' »«(j4a, go with them under that general Name, as the Na- ns to the Weft are term'd Hurom ; yet have as many dif- Names as there are Sachems, or Kings, fuch ;u they , of particular Diftri^Tts or Territorit^. I The .:■■.!■■(■ . i : t-f .# :f< %. H. 224 Hje Hifiory of New- England. m • -^f The NarragantfeU were a formidable People, oniv V the Engl'ifl> were a weak. They inhabited the Country abH New-London. The Neumteaks lived where now is ^a' County. -^ Mtflkhuretf ; The Majfachujitsy who dwelt where now are »he Cou ties of ^uffuih and Middle/ex, was the raoft popul' -s Natio and they have the Honour to give Name to the whole pr' vince of Ntw-EnglanJ, except tjvo fmuU Charter Goveri mencs, the Governor's Commiifion bearing die Stile of i)/ Whtnct the fachufits Bay^ *tis not improper therefore to know the Dt ***'''• rivation of the Word. The Sachem of the Country whei the Engiijh came firft thither, had his Wigwam on a littl Hill, about fix Miles from Bofiony now or lite in the Pol feiHon of Capt. John Billings, This Hill lay in the Shape an Indian Arrow*s Head, called in their Language Mot Monsy and a Hill is Wilujei, Hence theSachem's Royal Seai doubdefs inferior to ibme of the meaneft of our Kmnth m called Mo/uitufet, and his Subjeds the Mofuitufet Indiam which very camy fell into Majfachufit^ the Hill with the yfrj rou/s Heady a very lively and natural Derivation. The i hegins dwelt near Huron's or New-Tork River, and werd properly fpeaking, the£.xteniion of the Maquas to the Coai The Manimogs inhabited BarnJiapU County, the l^amaikk the Country between Providence and Merrimack River] The Indians beyond Maine in Norembequa, went by th Is'ame of Elechemens; but they had alfo difierent Namci, according to their different Diftrids j for every Sachemots} gamorcy there being little or no Difference in the Senfe of th Words, who had under him a Territory % or lo Miles Length,ere6):ed his Lands into a Kingdom, andgavea Na_^ to his Nation. Thefe Kings were Captains eleded out oftb Seniors of their noble Families. They had no Nobility amo them, but fuperior Wifdom and Valour, and that remalnj no longer in the Family than thefe Qualities. What a I barous way of thinking they had ! As if Nobility was cod fined to Valour and Wifdom, when, amongft polite Nation it is not only not confined to Wifdom and Valour, but evel not to Virtue and Honour j and indeed the Savages tberafclv^ had fome Exception to this Rule, tor there were Nobki mongil them who were fo by being defcended from their 5J chemsy or by enjoying Landj granted them by the Crow TheVoiceof the Siegamore was definitive in their Aflemblii Their Priefts were alfo th<:ir Conjurers, How Men diiFer wij Climates! They had no other Phydcians, and all theDillin tion among rhem wa5 vali.mt Men and Poltrcm^ They w^i cloihcd with Deer sivins, WoU' and iiear- skins, which th Tiitr Sd- tktm$> 1 7be Hiftory of New-England.' M'V off in SiMnmer, and put on again in Winter. Their food was Maizi, Fijh and Fowl, very good Feeding. Their j^eapons Bows and Arrows, fliarpen*d with Filh Bones, in- of Knives, which they thought fo peculiar to the Eng- 22J \ that they caii*d an Englijhman a Knife-Man, Their Ca- ^. or Boats, were Trunks of Trees made hollow by Fire. noes, SoDic of them had no fettled Dwelling, but lived 8 or lo families together in a moir€able Tent. The Men had each }s many Wives as he could maintain; the Women, before MirriagCj proftituted themfelves without Scandal; but be- ing Wives were very chafte and faithful. I fliall fay no- rhrW Mi- ^gof tiieir Religion, becaufe I believe, as bad as it was,i«o». it ii made worfe in the Accounts given by fome of our owmi i^riters. Mr. Mayhetv, of Martha's Vineydird, wrote, that they had a great Feneration for the Devil. Now they co'.'ld jot know there was a Devily as Mr. Mayhew raoft certainly meant in a fcriptural Senfe, without knowing there was a God a Power infinitely good and wife, oppofite to one infinite- ly wicked and malicious j therefore Mr. MuyheWy atvd other icckfiaftical sVriters, after they had form'd an Idea of a ery hideous deteltable Spirit, terrifying the Imaginations of ■ ; uninform'd Savages, give him the Name of the Chriflians ;vil, which they knew no nx)re of than of the Chriflians lod; and, in EfFedl', there is no other Devil than that of Chriftians. One would think Mr. Nealh Defcription of ^r Poivawsy or Priefts, had rather been a Tranflation out^n^^ian if fome European Travels, than aTranfcript out of Hiftory. p^^^^"]^ fkiir Powaws, or Priefts, are a fubile Generation of Men, itttbitisus, cruel, greedy of Riches, grafping at abfolute Power i Dominion over the People^frof/i whom t'ley n quire pro- nd Rifpeii and Reverence, as Perfons ivho have a familiar cual.tance with the Deity, and who, by their Bljjings and \uifin^s, can 7nake M^n happy or mijirable in a future State, far is pat enough ; but the next Line ftarts away widely oin the Parallel. 'J he People certainly believe that they can 'iji the Devil. And Dr. Cotton Mather bciieved it too; for lying an Infl:ance of the Exoreifng, he writes with fingularpj,^,., f\,^ ravity : '' They often kiU'd Perfons, caufed Lamenefs and Conjunn. Imix)tency, wicked IVorks indeed! They fhewed their Art in performing feveral other things, by human, or by a dialnilical Skill, and this cither by defiring the Spirit they convcrfed with, the Do£1or is veryferioua, to do the Mifcl^ief tb«y intended, ot by forming a Piece of Lea- ther like an Arrow-Head, tying a Hair thereto, or ufing fotne Bone of Fifli, &c. over wluch they pertbrmed cer- tain Ceremonies, and then difmifled them to accompiilh Q. " their f "i^Al HI ; mm ■ fwm '■•■f ■ ' wfl ^:;i .' ,«'' ^=);». M:,! £26 T^^ Hiflory bj New-England. <* tlieir Dcfires: And fuch enchanted things have moft cer. " tainly either enter'd the Bodies of thofe whom they intend! ** cd to afflid, or the Dtvil has form'd the like within tlieir *' Flefli, without ariy outward Breach of the Skin." I^jn repeat nq more of it, and I believe this Specimen of the Dodor*s extenfive Genius and folid Judgment will fo fortify the Reader, that he will excufe us for not borrowing any i thing farther out of his EccleHafUcal Hiftory relating to the Indians. Mr. Neal has pretty well pared what relates to the Nnv- England People of thefe Excrefcencies, and, as we have obferved already^ there's fo much Difference between the prefent Indians and thofe in the time of Mr. Wmthm\ and Mr. IVinJlow^ that the Englijh Reader will be led into great Miftakes by reading the Accounts of the Natives in their Days, if he, from thence, forms an Idea of what theyl are now ; for, with refpedt to the Nations intcrfperfed a*! mong the Emlijh on the Borders, they are no more difFerentl from ' them in Drefs, Manners, Language, than the hrvM Peafantry are from Gentlemen and Merchants. As to the Englijh Inhabitants in this Province, one may a*, well pretend to defcribe the Inhabitants of Brijiol and ^mtrX fetjhire^ as thefe of Bojion and the Majachufets. They difi fer perhaps from the Manners and Cuftoms of the Inhabitantj in and alx)ut London no more than the Englijh in the Well Country, and even in the Article of Religion, tho' the Forn of the primitive Eftabliihment is kept up, and the I^atlmi Church is Presbyterian.^ or rather a Compolition of ?mhy * terian and Independent j yet People that come amongft then now are very eafy on that Account, and have more Libert! in others than was confiftent with the Prccifenefs of the firl Planters, who, rather than have fufFer'd an Organ to havl been fet up at Bojion., Would have fled beyond the Lake of thj Iroquois to have been out of the Hearing of it, tho' it ccif tainly would have done them no more Harm than to haJ laid afide Mr. Elliot'^ and Mr, Mather*^ Plalms, and havj made ufe of Dr. Patrick's or Dr. Brady*s. We have feen enough of the Meafures of the Pcrfecutoj in England^ to ki.ow what Reafon the firft Planters had i fettle here. Great Numbers of them, at all Hazards, tranj ported lI.emfeiVes to New- England., to enjoy there theLl berty of Confcience refr bd them at home, which multiplyl this Colony much fafter than any oth r ; for the Englijh di not fo tnuch pretend to Confcience any where elfe k An rica as in New-England^ and there too came many for tij Sake of the Furs and the Fiih, as I hive al£e Mile-: from Bojfon^ «nd have and are now in a thriving way. By other Methods of ilculating, the Number of Inhabitants, p.ccording to political ythmeticians, by the Increafe of 14000 in 100 Years, in [healthy Country, and of the additional Augmentations of Q, i 500 k^ i m *^< .i %■ % 'H •:sMf§L 22S The Hijory of New-England. ■A 'i & The Enal'di 1 Strength in the Ameri- can iro«f/;/('«< ■■ fuffidcnt a- if faiufi all d Eni»i!iS, 'iki )^y': ,1, 500 Souls only yearly, the Account would fwell to above 300000 • and fo it muft be at leaft, to make out Capt JV/«»'( AflTcrtion, that there are if 00000 Souls in the Briti/h ^,J^ rica, exclufive of Negroes^ Indians and Malattoer^ whici Calculation is too cxcclTive, three hundred thoufand Souls bci ing the higheft that Any way of computing can fwell d Number of Inhabitants to at this time, and Mr.^rw^'sCoc putation was 20 Years a^o. ♦ I am not for frightening ourfclves eternally with the hnci Acquifitions on this Continent. Canadoy the Bulwark and Glory of them, is a barren defolatc Wildernefs, which wl at firft valuable to them for the Fur Trade j but now funk as wcy in France as in Er.gland^ fmce that Trade ia (carceof aquarte, Part of its ftrft Value j their other Advantages are trivial to thofi oiNew-Bnglandy and the French Council of Commerce will na be able to mend the Climate and the Soil. The Countrie bordering on the MijUijlfipi^ are fruitful and fine, and are Length 12 or 1400 Miles, polleiTed by Nations that atl more populous and powerful than were the Indiamy BoJ derers on the Englijh Plantations ; and the French^ if the were let alone, have cut themfelves out more than xooYcii] Work to have a Communication between the River of Sti Lawrence and the Bay of Mexico, and ib between ^dt^ and Hi/panioia, Dreams of Colonies and Commerce in th Moon. ThejEngliJh Borders extend to the Nations borderii on the MiJJiJftpi for almoft the whole Length of that RiveJ and the French^ in the Terra Cunadenfts^ are intercepted many Iroquois Nations, no Friends to them, about the La of tht Illinois, and feveral others between them and the Mil fjftpiansy of which the Englijh took large Livery and SeilS {o long ago, and whenever they are difpofed to re-emer up the Prcmiles, do not want a better Claim than thefmi^ can pretend. Add to this, that Carolina itretching to ih Mouth of the MiJJijJipi^ if the Country was polfcfled an fortify'd, that River would be of no Ufe to them. k% their Tirle to the Country bordering on that River, 'tisa Je as all Titles to /«^w« Countries are, not founded on thefir^ and conftanc PofTeffions of the Natives i GraiUs from Crowil of Lands that never were before heard of by the Grameri are of no more Confideration in Juftice and Reafon thanth Legacies in Diego\ Will : But, even according to this Titld r;eEngli(h the Engll/h have a prior Right to the French in the Mi([§l Miffifn/f' ^'"g Charles I. gra»ned 3l the Country between Caniv^ prior tl \hat and that Ri\'er to the Southward, which was called Can '>SthcTtiw\u2>\xRobert Heath and his Afligns alienated it to the late Dr.jD^ nitl Cox, whQ> in King William'^ Reigo, ienc two ^^ fb^f Hffiory of Ncw-Engknd. 229 J0h with aoo People to make a Settlement, over \j0iSit ff^fli**ff» ff^ttUir^ fo aOivc in the Difcovcry of th«s L.)jm was to have been Governor. I had frequent Dfcourfe with him concerning it at Dr. Cox'z Houfe; but ji0 in War time, and the French were confequently jufti- L Id jttickiftg and deftroying the Sectiement that was begjin ' m ^1 ^'^ ^**'* Adventurers: However, this being 50 TeafS«go, is a plain Proof that the Englijh have at Jeaft as \m\ a Rig'^t to the Miff^tpi as the French^ at leaft to a IttodPa" of it, that which lies on the Back of Caniina.^ and !,(}{ to the River's Mouth, in the Bay of Mgxica, 'This pretnifed, and a Comfwration made of the Ability of \nglijhby their Numbers to aflift and fupport their Right j^BiyPaft oftheContinent,of whichiV^-5>j^/aw.V is a main Iftjcle, this cannot be juftly term'd a DigreSion ; and that ■gtevf? is aim'd at here is pradicable and probable, (hall be Jn apparent by a plain circumltantiated Scheme, when it irequirii ; and all Objedtions, arifmg from cither Folly or ^ Of both, be fully anfwer'd and confuted. As to the Strength of the A^x,ny more loH taking Boys from the Plough, and fending them to S than have been by the IVeJi Indies, put all together. The Miftake about that Trade is pretty well over People are now convinced that Hands ought to be fparcd ft Labour there, if we had more Ground to be laboured, < r keep V at we have. This is generally granted, as 101 Sugar 1 Hands; but the fame Objedtion ^U/ifta ftijl ip a gri Mcafure as to the Continent of Jmsrica. It was r^if^ Ignorance, and has been fully anfwered by Experience. Dalby Thomas explains this, in hisTrcatife of the IVeji Inl Colonies: '* By Tillage, Fifliing, Manufadkury andTradi the Nevj-England People, to all Intents anr^ urpofes i tate thofe in Old England, and did, and, in, ne Mcafc do now fupply the other Colonies with Pro ifions, jnE; change for their Commodities, as Sugar, Xobacco ( ** which they carry to foreign Markets, which cannot chi '* but be advantageous." Granting the Sugar Iflands to fo very beneficial to us as they are partly reprefcnted, we indebted to the Continent even for that Benefit; for tl Iflands could not fubfift withour the Supplies of Provifi, which they have from thence quicker and cheaper than fn England; and every particular Province has fome AJv:u or other to offer to England, for the Labour of the they take from it. New-England has Materials enough hw\(\ Ships for half the Trade of the Kingdom, and can siuTi ?he Trade and Navy too with Naval Storesj which io d ain us of i or 300000/. yearly, for Supplies from Baliick ; and if we are drain'd now of a quarter Part by a i>emand, after fo many Years Trial of the Plenty and G nefs of thofe Materials and Stores from New-England^ other Continent Colonies, the Fault is not in the Want them there, wherefoever elfe it lies. Mafts, Plank, Pii and Tar are there certainly in fui£ci?nt Quantities to anfi all Maritime Ufes in England, and might have dqne fo li ago,as (hewn in my formerEditioh, wherein I faid, " TheTi fure and Glory of the New-England Woods, is the narch Oak, the Spruce and Fir-trees, by which the Navy; England was furnifh'd from hence with all manner of Stoi " which they produced at a cheaper Rate tha.i they are " imported from the Baltkk. Pitch and Tar are tnacie ** and as good in its Kind as any from the North." was pur in pradice 8 or 10 Years after, and fo contin hut ia a fufpeded precarious way. The Mifchief ofallni 5 Schei cc lie Hijlory o/* New-England,. Ill j^cincs is, that if you ofFcr them to Perfons that are in the jjjnagctnent of them, ihcy negledt or baulk them, becaufe j,j){ Credit and the whole Benefit will not thereby accrue to J tii„ felves. Add to this, that to imagine any one out of the i Mtiigemcnt can tell what belongs to it better than he that Hj; jj, will certainly quafli any Project, for which way is not LBdc beforehand by preventing all Doubts of that kind by a Ljutusl Undcrftanding, which Men who know what they are Lwt, know alfo what the Duty of others is in it, and will jotbcai the Trouble of officious and vain Applications. iTic bringing Naval Stores firom Ntw- England was, as is ij{«wcll known, at firft treated as a vifionary Projed, to Uroniething into the Projcdor's Pockety and becaufe many U that kind have been raflily undertaken in former times, [tlie Qiutk)n has fince been (o great, that fome very good [gncsbave been either rejefted or negleded, wif it diftin- mi between the bad and the good. At la^ 1 Stores jtere in iniail Parcels imported from this ar tijb liolonicj, and it was faid, in a Memorial dra\ (Jfe of the Utrecht Peace-Makers, where Mention ii, maue of hflvHtimpJhin. In the Eaftern Parts of New- England ^^ore Kavai IffHiii the tall Pines^ which are yearly brought home in thef^^"^"* Xihjl Fleet \ and, indeed^ where there is Juch a vnj} ^uan- Jhlrt 'elft. \tj of Naval Stores of all Sorts as is. not to he found in any fart of the IVorld^ I conceive.^ therefore^ that fince Naval mi on groiuiingfcat;ce and vulua ''le all over Europe, and W Strength and Glory ofmr Nation depend upon them^ furely \^uld take care to Jjicure what we have in America, and ( ki at the Pleajure of th Rufs and Swede, from whom wc have nothing but Hemp^ and Nau-England, New-Torky : Jtrfeys and Penfihania might, in a very few Years, with (tie Encouragement .md due Induftry and Care, produce Bough for all our Ufes in Cordage, and have alfo enough to irc 1 have diicourfcd with feveral Perfons concerned in ! hm Manufitd^ure, Ibme of whom have fent Perfons on jfc to North America to put it forward, and they afllired t there was Iron Ore in our Plantation enough to fupply land all Europe with Bar, Pig and other Iron, and that only ncouragcment was wanting to bring it to Perfedion. By- ncouragement I underflood an Exemption from Duty, and I Bounty on Importation, as on P;Vf/; and Tar^ &:c. which /'/«/> \ apples, 'i^^n*. 3134 ^e Hi/itry of New-England, As for the Commodities fliip'd from NewBngkni Barbadoi, having before me fcvcral Bills of Entry ttSri^I Tw^, 1 ihallfpccifythecA* ^\ Fijhy JBoards, Cbeefty Cattle, HoopSy Com, _ ^hitpy ShingUy Oily ' Horfesy Pipe/iavesy Tallow, -^^,.,, .^- „.. Mackerel, Butter, Turpentine, Onions, 'i^i^i)?V) Of thefe Commodities, 'tis lupp6^d that BarlaAs aloti takes off 250000/. yearly; and as that Ifland has more them from Nevj^E nglanj thm from any other Northern C. lonies, according to the Entries I have feen, the Import then from,this Province is near lodooo /. in Value yearly. Th a^QOOp/. in Mr. Bennetts Calculation, who knows thu anj that Trade perfedtly well, and the 1 00000/. in my own Ca culation from the Bill of Entry, againft which can only \ £iid, thi^t the Trade between Barbados and New-Englanl may not always be alike, let the Reader iudge ^r hioi^If but Mr. Neal's 50000 It for the whole yearly Amount of th New-England, with all the Sugtir Colonies, mi^ft be n wrong. ."S to ihe Trade between Old and New- England, 'tis, asl have obferved, much the f|tne as a London inland Tudel confifting of If^eollcn and Linen Drapery^ Mercery in Sill Velvets, fine Stuffs, alfo ordinary Sniffs, Hats, the beflroiJ of Stockings and Shoes; all Sorts of Iron and £iVm%y Ware, Tools for Mechanicks, Rules, Knives, Sizzars, M tons, l^uckles, and all Sorts of Toys, the cheapeft Ware] And tho' they have many Conveniences of ff.'.rni{hing tbenJ felves at home with all forts of wearing Apparel vet they iml port fuch Quantities of that and other M« ndifc froJ England^ that the Trade hither has been very L ..•ricial i bu^ like moft other Trades, 'tis now overdone. The Impor from England amount to above 1 000c /. yearly. The Ue:\ chants here drive a confiderable Tr^de with Madeira h Wines, and with Fial for Wines and Brandy. There arj feveral flourifhing Di(lilierie$ in Bojlon, and Breweries foi Shipping *Tis fuppofed that chey (hip looooo Quintals i dried Cod yearly, for Portugal^ Spain and Italy, the Retun of which are made to England, not always, as Mr. Nta^ writes, in the Produd of thofe Countries, but very often ii l^ills of Exchange ; but whether Money or Goods, thofe Re turns pafs through the IJands of the Englijh Fadors, to whic ipmcthing more may accrue than the 2 and half per Cent, ne Hiftorf of New-Engknd. f\^ ^in^Tn^ ftom B»/Im to London is Ma/ls, Plank^ Uffb foi ^ Navy, Pitch, Tar, Turpentine, Skins, Fur, Ui Whale-Fins fometimes, and fmall (Quantities of Log- ^ and other Sugar Ifland Commodities, ihipping 3 or Loo Tons generally. I have fpoken of the Iron Mines, as to thofe of Copper, I go fceptical, whether there is fuch Plenty of them as to deferve Ljigiogupon; but if there is, I will venture to anfwer Mr. y^/'sQueftion, that it is very well worth the while to ftni (lie Metal over in Ore or Bars, if they would manufadhire it. He fays very rightly that great Improvements are ilill to be mde in Timber ^ Planksy Deals, Hempy Pitchy Tar, Tut' uitiiu^ one wpuki think the Cbncern'd would have Leifure 0ougb and Interejd enough in it to let nothing remain ui}« L»oved, when 'tis fo wdl known how to improve it. As to Money, they have non^ Gold or Silver: About 50 hfeus ago they haci fome coined at Bo/itu j but there's not Lough now for Retailers.' All Payments are in Province Bills, Unfo bw as Hajf a Crewn'j thus every Man's Money h lii \k PockeC-Book, This makes the Courfejof Exchange ibi aorbitant, that 100/. in Z«»^ made out lately 425/. inivnv- \l%knd\ apd if a Merchant fells his Goods from England it MO A Advance upon 100/. in the Invoice, be woidd b« iLcfer by the Bargain, confidering the incidental Charges on hislnvoice. '""" . [refer to Mr. Neal for the Cbureh Hi/lory i ^' I mul( leoofefi tlie Mannen and Cufbms of the Fcopk are pret^ linch correded in their Religion, : ^iijfiuau/ :'-• '. .■•,..; ' . ill] }i^'( ^^-S^-^!^,:,. :- ■' •■ , L ' f!i(>a*i ■.'tvivl iv.'.c .... . I ,' ."'' ,^r .'n - I ■ I ' ■ '■ . ' snT . •; '. k ?iadT .')(bu. :'i ''.. ■■" . -^1 ■:% ri'f;''-' ' -'^^ ■ ^ '''.■- ■ ' ■ / THE 23s -;^i^ ..Sam Hi.-.- "i'f ■ iir '• t ll.i^ I flftfs it* '-lii ,..1' .,i..,uv/ '*f'^ wr''.*! J^^^^h^wVrio?' .rn9^.'•• --— — — — — — — — -n»— — — — > ti i>i»i T « IT • v'V?'^' '■>"i^i^ fc!ubv/ H I S :<';ri.^, TORY «.' O F '• t (, ^* E W - Y OR K. . » . ■' * ' ;^f .. ^. 'I -* ,1 Containing" ^ .'" An Account of its Difcovery, Settlement, Re. volution, and all other remarkable Events, to this Time; Of the Clrmite, Soil, Traded ( Inhabitants, Engli/hund Indians, TH I S Country was at firft called Nova Belgla, and the Dutchy who pretended to the Property ofit, I included Martha's Vineyard and Elizabeth Ifland, | which are part of New-England^ and there treat- ed of accordingly. The Dutch bought the Country on Hud- fon*s River of that Voyager who difcovered it, and fold it to' them about the Year 1608. Exception was made againft this Sale, as being without King James's Licence ; I fee no great Matter in that, K.m% James was nor at a Penny Charge in fit- ling out Hudfon^ nor had he ever heard of this Country, which being difcovered by Hudjon^ he had the beft Title to ic of any European-^ but the felling fo great and fo fines Trad: of Land to Foreigners, was very exceptionable. Whe- ther the Dutch made any Purchafe of the Natives, we know not J but they made Settlements there, and no body pretend- ed to difturb them, till the firft War with them in the Reign of King Charles IL I'he EngUfb Puritans in Holland who firft removed to America^ intended to fettle here, having doubtlefs had an in- viting Defcription of the River, Climate, and Soil, from the Hollanders^ who however did not care that the Englijh fliould be ^ Hiftory df New-York. ' 237 iwi To near tbcir Pliintitiom sis to be tempted to encroach w*^'*' S them, conCdcring^ the Flaw that was in their Title-X^CT fbfi BwJb that went from HoUand intended to fettle on the ^X0X Fairfield CQuntyy in Ntw-England, lying between r^ntifld'iznd Hudfm*s River; but theD^f^ apprehended 4^y would there be too near Neighbours. Thefe Engl^ IS has beeo related^ &liing ia with Cape-Cody after having re- ^Ihed a little, tacked about to the Southward^ for Hudfan*% ^(Ti but Jma^ the Maftcr of the Ship they came in, hav~ jQg been bribed by the Hollanders to carry them and land ^tber to the Northward^ inftead of putting to Sea, entang- le tbetn among dangerous Shoals, which made them willing (Qget a/hore where they were, and give over the Defign up- go//a^B'8 River. VcA Dutch had two or three Years before been infulted Mh'f^vc Samuel drgniy in bis way Uoca Virginia to Neui'- piknd. He deftroyed their Plantations, and, to prevent the lielnfult for the fut;ure, they applied to King James for his 1/icence to ftay there, to build Cottages, and to plant for raii^as.well as Sub^(ience, pretending only that it was r the Convenience of their Ships touching there for frefh atcr, and frefli Provifions in their Voyage to Brazil j but (y by little and little extended their Limits every way, t Towns, fortiAed them, and became a flouriihing Co* In an Ifland called Maaahattan, at the Mouth of Hud/on*% lii(f« they built aCity> which they named Netv-yfmfierdam^ ni m River w^ called by them the Great River, The bjtQthe Etf/i of it had the Name of Najfau given it. A- wt 1,50 Miles up the great PJver, they built a Fort, which «y called Orange Forty and from thence drove a proBtable frade with the Indians^ who came over land as far as from ^ihic to deal with them. Henry Chrijliany, a Mafter of a pip» the fame who gave the Name to Martha^ s Vineyard^ bflldWcoveredvas the Dutch fay, was the firft Governor ^'^'^J'^J^'* lej acuJ bisSucceflbr was "Jac^l^ Elkin, put in by the ftjl Iridin Coaxpmyia Holland, to whom theScate^-Gene- il^^ted thi^ Country. The lirfl; Bounds of New-Tark were Maryland, on the 3»«mw is reduced into a much narrower onp9&} fof 'King CbarletlL \mhg s^veiL this Trad of .«) the Duke QfJ^rk^ the XM» made a Graiit of part of to under Pr^ieiQVS) wh<» c^lkdic Maji and ff^^ Jtr^ !■ •■ V *■' I' 1> ■. i\ 2iS ^e Hiftory of Nc^V-Vo^t fey^ probably in Compliment to Sir Gt$rgt Cartint was one of them, and a Jer/ey Man. Thtjtr/eyi sff f^ the Limits oiNew-rork to the ^^ and Soutb, On the MrS it is bounded by Long-I/land, and on the Eaji by Nun. England. HudJon*t River divides it from the Jirfeys^ and % Line drawn between i2y* and Greinwich feparatei it from New-England. Thus the whok Provinteon thfe Continent is not alx)ve twenty Miles over, but it is 1 20 in iMgdi, and what was properly called Nova Belgid, which K6s betweeo 40 and a half and 42 Degrees 50 Mihutes North Latitudi ^^^ttand confcquently the Climate is more temperate than that of! NiW'Englandy and the Soil fo fruitful, that one Buihel of Englijh Wheat has produced a hundred, which was a ^ Temptation for the Englijh to defire it. And the' Ky Charles the Second's was not a very enterprifing Reign, yn the Duke of Tork, his Brother's Concern in this Property and both their inveterate Hatred to the Dutch^ made the Redudtion of this Country, the firft military Stroke in thofei tranquil Times ; for before there was any formal Deciatttioai of War with Hollandy it was refolved by our Court to fend' Sir Robert Carre to t/ot^iV^j with fevcral Land Forces, topuJ the Duke in Poffellion of the Country his Brotfad: had given' him. This appears by the Date of the Letter Sir hhni tarried with him from the King, to the Governor and Cm\ cil of New-Plimouth^ bearing date the 23d of Aprtl^ St. George's Day, for the Glory of the Matter, 1664, and thd War with Holland was not declared till fome Month aftetj Thus the Dutch here were unprovided for Defence again a Royal Squadron and Land Forces, which rendered Sir h iert*s military Expedition very fafe and eafy. He had witi him Col. Richard Nicholls, George Carteret, Eftj; and Samu Meverichy Efq; joined in CommifHon to vifit the Engli Plantations, ati(l drive the Dutch out of theirs. TTie Englifh Sir Robert Carre arrived at Hud/en's Rivet in the latter Ei '^'Af'^^of the Year' 1 664, at which Time the Dutch could have 1 ** * ' Advice of a Rupture between King Charles and the Suti General. Sir Robert landed 3000 Men on Manahattan IIIe{ Such a Number of Englijhmen has not been fent to Atmk at once on any good Expedition (ince the Reftotation ; bui thibi was i^ainft the Dutch, and .fo not to be wondered t Carre and Nicholls marched dire6):ly to New-Amjltrdm The Governor wasaftoutold Soldier, who hadlof^aLq in the Service of the States; but being furprized at theuo expe&ed Attack of an Enemy, as yet not (b declared in mericaot Europe '^ nor knowing their Numbers, and the! habitants magnifying them, he was preyaiied upoabythi 7fc iiiftbry ^ New- York. 43^ lolitrrender. Sir Rabtrt Cam*s firft Inftrudlions weire to New Am- ^O Peace aod Protedkion to all that fubmittcd to the JfJJ^'IJ "J* ^own of England ; upon which the Townfmen fearing to i^Trib'i, ^plundered, and out^d of their Habitations, if they fbod I Storm, gladly accepted of it, and were fo importunate with ilie Governor to do the fame, that Carre and Nicbilh foon ^gjxat Matters of the Place. The Houfes were bandfomly built of Brick and Stone, covered with red and black Tiles ; pdthe Land being high, it made an agreeable Profpedt to tbofe that viewed it from the Sea. Above half of the Dutch Inhabitants remained, and took an Oath of Fidelity to the l^oi England. The Names of fome of the mod confi* derable Families in the Province denote them Dutch Origins, M^uyltr^ Beckman, IfieeU Banker^ DtLancey^ Renfalatr^ ^ \la^n^ Van Dam, &c. Th'ofe that removed, had Liberf In to carry ofF their EfFedts, and their Places were foon fup" led by EngiiA who gave the Name of New-Tork to the ty and Province. Thirteen Days after the furrender of New-4m/lerdam^ iCol. l^icholU march'd up the Country to Orange Forty on '0[on's River, five Miles below where the Eajiern Branch ipans from the Southern, and runs up almoft to the Lake of piIropteis\ 200 Miles within land. This Fort made little eliftance, and Nicholis gave it the Name of Albany^ the ike of Tork*s Scotch Title. I meet with the Name o^ 'cholh in honourable Stations in Neiv-York, but I know no* igof his Family. The Dutch Plantations were more fcatter- here and there, and not fo contiguous as the Englijh are* ey had none on the JVeJiern Shore of Hudfires River, ^^^f* ley had a confiderable Settlement call'd //(fi'^tf/^. South- ird QiRye is New- England^ to which the famous AntinO' ;fl«,Mrs. Hutchinfon, retired, after her BaniHiment from the hjfachuftts^ and was there mafTacred by the Indians^ with ler whole Family, (ixteen Perfons iri all. The Agreement in Religion between the Dutch in New* •Igia and the Puritans in New-England, had contributed iuch to a friendly Correfpondence on both Sides. The ktch began it by writing Letters to the young Colony of Himouth, inviting them to a Trade. Some Time after they It their Secretary Mr. Ifaac de Rojier, with Goods as wdi Letters, and both Englijh and Dutch were pleafed with the change of their Merchandife. The Secretary having )ught with him Beaver and other Iroquois Commodities, ly exchanged their Corn and Fidi for them, which the Ulanders were in more immediate want of than of Furrf. ! mutual FriendAiip between the two Nations encourag- ed jf ! ;.*■* if I I.. ■ •'' 'i'- in 240 ^e Hiflon of Ncw-York. H: if HI V €,ift. Ni- cholls Gitvtrnor, ed Mrf. Huttbinfan to take Refuge at Htbgau-^ but the Dut.! could neither fave her nor thexnfdvet from the Savages. Six Robtrt CarnH Conqueft here would have made a ridiJ culousFjEure in that Reign, if'therchad been any other t^ diftinguim ic. However the Hiftorians of tholie Days tellusj Hi reduced all the Eajl-fidt (f Hudibn'i Rivtr, took tbi Town and fort of Arafapha, and et Cajile on the ff'tJ-fidA without lofmg a Man^ and I fuppofe without firing a GuiJ Statcn-Ifland, at the Mouth of Rentem Rivtr^ and Lono Ifland, ftdlowtd the Fate of the other Towns^ the Cottages bi fbrementioned ^ and the Dutch, who had no Soldiers, haviii 3000 Englijh, fome of them perhaps part of Cromwelh vie tovious Army to deal with, fubmicced every where to then Sir Robert Carre having performed this great Work, rctur ed to England^ leaving Col. Richard Nichells Gowimot New-York. In this Government Mcifr^/Ziooncinuedneari^ Years. He concluded a League between the Inhabitants an the Indians of the Five Nations, which has fubfifted eve fmce. Indeed the Maqua\y the moft powerful of the were very well difoofed towards the Englijh ?ia Nnu-Eng land, and i)erhaps their Jealoufy of the French^ who beg» to fpread themfelvesin the Terra Canadenjis, might bee Inducement to them to enter into an Alliance wichi ^,v Edmund £„giifi,^ Hc was fuccccded by Sir Edmund Androt in th c'liilrL. .Year 1683. I confefs it gives mc a great deal of Pain J writing this Hiftory to fee what Sort of Governors I mc with in the Plantations. This Man had no other Merit tl: having abandoned himfelf to the Will and Fleafure of tii two Royal Brothers; and what that Merit amounts to, ' the Reader judge. However notwitbftanding the poor R^ putation of the Governor, that of the Province encreafin with its Trade, of which be liad not entirely the Cover menr, it became populous and thriving. Col. Diingan The next Governor of New-York wa& Col. Dungan, vi'li tho* a Papiil^, was much more deferving of that Honour Truft than his PredecefTor Andros. One fees by his Behaviou that a Man of Honour, let his Religion be what it will, never betray the Intereft he has undertaken to proted. Diengan was an old Soldier, and had been long in the cf Ji^tfiVs Service, which had given him fuch an Aversion I the Frenchy that he would (hew them no Favour which imagined would be hurtful to the Englifi). Before!' James the Second abdicated this Kingdom, he received dns to admit French Priefts to come firom Quebec, toi Converts to Popery at New-Tori. They came accordii but Col. Dttagati bad bis Eye upon them, and rnillng 1 Cuvtrnor, Tie Htflory o/'Ncw-York. 241 lne£fli was to ^n the Trade of the Indians of the Five ij^QStfor the Fnnch, ht immediately fent them packing, LiflSi ^Cf^^^* not fo much to ftrvt tbt French Relhion rJJJ French Commtrct. The Fttnch King c( .iplained of LgKingJ^tfin^'y who was highly difpleafed, having the Re- lyoa oi rranct fnuch more at Heart than the Trade of ^Ai%i\ and it is thought Col. Dungan would have loft his IGovernment if his Mafter King Jamts- had not loft his. The Lionel was afterwards Em of Limerick by Defcent ; and er King WiUian: had declared War with Francty it was he was oHered a coniiderable Employment in the Spanijh ly, by bis Majefty*s Recommendation ; but he did not icceptof ir, thinkins it was not confiftent with his Obliga- ioQS to the abdicated King. After the Revolution the En* ttat Ntw-Tork^ made very uneafy by the Neighbour- d of the HuronSy or French Indians^ rcfolved to attack Enemy at Canada, who were perpetually doing them ill es with thofe Savages. The Baron La Ronton mentions, ) Memoirs, ah Expedition of the Englijh again ft the \th\ but that Author ooakes the worft of it on the part of Englijhy who, he fays, came within a Day or two's March ^tbtc^ and then returned without cloing any Thing j ^^^ chis not true. In the Year idpo Co\. Peter Schuyler,\lt',E^,l Mb 300 Englijh and )oo confederate Indians^ or Iroquois, duhn agmnfl fchcd from Fort Albany to ^ebec, 400 Miles from Neuh-^^"^^^' i, ind the French Governor of Canada bppofed him with kfs than thirteen Companies of regular Troops, near 10 Men, and as many Hnrons. It is worth notice that the \ch^ let their Settlement be richer or poorer, have, ever it is, a fufficient military Strength to defend them, Militia, but the King's Troops and Officers, which is exemplary. Thefe Troops are not temporary, drop'd Squadrons now and then and moveable, but ftated and »rporated with the Colony, which both increafes as well llrengtbens it. Notwithftanding the Inequality of their nber, Col. Schuyler charged the French with equal Bra- andSuccefs, routed them, killed 300 Soldiers and 30 icers, with little Lofs of the Engli/h, but being not ftrong igh to attempt their Forts, and befides having no Artille- k contented himfelf with his Vidory, and the Damage bad done the Enemy, and returned to New^Tork. "v Edmund Andros, being fcnt from New-Tor k to the Go- iment of New- England, played fuch Pranks there, that he feized by the People, and with him the Government. hid done a great deal of Mifchief in this Province, lead- ibuKof the chief Inhabitants into Court MeaAures, which R led ■ i • :: m ' ■• ■.■■1 242 ^if French lirrn Sche- ie Aad a. mi r! i' ■'■■': 1,5 n ^ i ' -1 ■Is ■ ! 7l&^ Hiftory of New- York. led CO trbiorary Government and Popery, or, which ii qu^ the fame, Perrecutioo. I caoaot better explain the Cornu tion here in his Time, than by the Wordi of the ArJ En/land Declaration, afcer he wai turned OMt of bit Qf^, by the principal Inhabitants. But of all our Offrt/ftont u, tvtrt ch'ufy fquttxii by a Crew of abjtff P«rfm from New] York, tabi tht Tocis oftht Adverfary\ by theft wtrt txtratr dinary and intoUrabU Ftes txtorudfrom every cne upon all 0^ cpfions, witUut any Reafon but tbofe of their unfatiabli Ave riciy &c. AndroCi Government is there fet forth as an exe crable Tyranny, and thcfc New-York Men as the Tools ( it. I am afraid fome of them returning hither, were fcK adive in the Troubles of Col. Slaughter and the LordCV. burfsT\t(\t\ but as I am not fully informed oftheieP} ticulars, I forbear entering into them. Before the Arrival of G)l. Fletcher^ whom King IVHnA had made Governor of Ntuh-Yori, on the Removal of i Dungan^ x\it French xtt\ixnt^Co\.Schuyler*i Vifir, and b ing an Incurfion into this Province, furprized SchmaaA burnt the Town, and murdered the Inhabitants. Wheth] it was this Depredation of the French^ or the ^e£b ofl] dro$*s corrupting the Magiftrates, or whatever elfe was til Occafion, upon Col. Dungan*s bein^ recalled. Col. Ld g'- '^"^y took upon him the Government, without ftayine for i vjh!l^tim! Commiflion from England. The chief Men at Bofon I done the fame j and thus far Lelky feems to be no morej fault than they. It is allowed that he and bis Party wq very zealous for the Good of the Public ; and it was a Titi of Peril when Zeal in fuch Cafes was very laudable. The were as many of the Magiftrates for Lefey as agaipft hii{ and could he have maintained the Authority be had aiTume till he had procured Remonftrances and Addrefles doubted not but he fhould have it confirmed, which ii was very likely. Mr. Jacob Milboum was bis great Frii . and Confident, and very inftrumental in his Attempt, when Cbl. Fletcher ztrived with the King's Commidion,! Lejleyind Milboum took the wrongeft Step that Men of i lerable Heads could be capable of ^ for finding theinielves| Pofleffion of the Government, they vainly imagined could keep it by the Help of their Party, and inaicei Cafe fogood in England^ that they might at leafl bei doned, if not approved ; but Fletcher got into the Fort \\ Wile, and having feized Lefey and milboum, he tiio^ die fiireft way to fecure his Authority, and pirevent Cooti was to rid himfelf as foon as he cotud of a ComBedtor;] he cauied ttoa to be tried for ^£gh Trcs^oox tor T Titf Hiftory rf New- York; 243 Ufort out igiinft him, and kUlioe one of his Men. He ' HtbeKin^sLicutcmnc, the Judgei and Jury doubtlefs Jiiered that principally, and ^inade no great Difficulty oUondimiti ling Ltfiiy 9xA milhourriy who were accordingly ex- <"i'''X'<«''^« 1;^ 's Side, they be- uccufed of favouring the Dutch, and they as juftly charg- I their Opponents with favouring the French. The Lord lAury was one of the firft Officers in King James's ny that deferted it, and joined the Prince of Orange with eCavairy he commanded i yet there he flopped, and feldom [never aded a Whig Part afterwards, but the quite con- and his Father, the Earl of Clarendon, refufed the £, not only to King TVilliam, but to Queen Anne^ as jas he lived. The Lord CornburyXxt%lt^ Col. Lejley's jicodsvery roughly, and carried it with a high Hand in his vernment. He had not been long at New-York before [received Advice of King IVilliam^s Death, and orders from jiGovcrnment in England zo proclaim Queen Anne, which (done with great Solemnity June la, 1702. After which Affairs of the Province being entirely commercial, we linfert here the Names of the principal Officers and Ma- ates, as they flood in the Year 1708. The Right Honourable Edward Lord Vifcount Ccrnbury Governor. "■'•' R3 Piter 1701. 4! '■<■ \ ' '\ l7oS« f ; !■)■•; + >f ^'\.d n^. 246 ^ Hipry of New-York. Ptttr Scbuyitr^ Efi); JViHiam Lawrence^ E(q; Girardus Beckman^ E(q; Rip Van Dam^ Efq; Caltb Heathcot^ Efq; \ Counfdlors. Thomas Winham^ £(q; miLVan Rtnfala4r^'e.(():y R^er Mompipn^ Efq; John Barbarte^ Efq; Adolphui PhilipSy Efq; Chief Tuftice and Judge-Advocate Roger MotnpeJ/hn^ EfqJ Second ]\idgeRabertMihvard^E^i J Attorney-General Samp/on Shetun Droughton, Efqj Secretaiy G«r^^ Ciirciy Efq- ASSEMBLY. miliam Nicboils, Efq; Speaker. P m p KM'^ HP ii '^WH i Stiphen diLanceyy Efqi //wry Beckman, Efq; Thomai Garton, Efo^ Myndirp SchuyUry £(q; Thomas Codrington^ Efq; Johnjackfony Efa; Matthtw Havtly Eiq; JohnAbeely Efi £v#r/ Barker. ■>Efil5 KilianVan Renfalatr. Efa Abraham Lukeman^ Efq- 7g^/>/& Ptfrd^y, Efq: ^/7//dOT //5^/7/if/, Efq; i)fl«/W Whitehead, Efq; JohnVan Corttandy, Efij; Colonels of the Militia Regiments. NiW'Tori County Col. JVilliam Pa. etree. Mayor of City. iSf/^0/i (Jounty Col. 5m/M. A^»«^*8 County Cd. Beckman. Albany County Col. Schuyler. t ^ ^een's County Col. Wtllet, a Regiment of Horfe. Regular Troops four Companies, 100 Men each. 1 . Commanded by the Lord Cornbury. 2. Company by the Lieutenant-Governor Richard gold/by, Efq; 3. Company by Capt. Weams. L Company Capt. Peter Matthewf. Engineer Mr. Reldknap. Frd ■k. r. lenfalaer. Efqi /, Efq; keman^ Efq; ; Efqi % % Het, Efqi ehtad, Efq; ttandy, Elq; ments. Kings of the River, King, Mm fityctneinhogaprdUf ^ajojianquoprabtm j^lstjohkaem Ointcycathtonnoprm Qanajobaban, Ujftmm Princes; their Dotfiinions lying between Mw-^'wi"*!'*" m and the French Indians, Thefe, and particularly the Ma- ^^^'^ Lit the ftouteftand moft formidable Nation of them all, have Ibcen faft Friends to the EngUJhy and efpedally to thofe 'in X^w-England^ as we have feen there. On the Arrival of thefe mm^ the Queen was advifed to make the moft of ihew- Lrthetnj and the DreHfersat the Play-houfe were confiilc* P about the clothing of thefe Monarchs, and it was deter- Ipined that part of their Drefs (hould be a Royal Mantle. iThe Court was then in Mourning, and they were.clothed Ivith black Breeches, Waiftcoat, Stockii^s, and Shoes, after tEngUJh Falhion, and a Scarlet in grain Cloth Mantle, edg'd fiihGold, over all. They had Audience of the Qtieenwith Dre than ordinary Solemnity. They were condudled to % James's by Sir Charles Cottereiy in two of her Majefty*8 Roches, and introduced into the Royal Prefencel^ the Lord Chamberlain. Major Pigeon^ one of the Omcers that lane over with them, read their Speech in Engii/h^ to this eft. Great Q.UKEN, r\ have undertaken a long Voyage^ which nwe of our Pre* '*«'' ^P"'^ '^eceffors could be prevailed with to under take^ to fit our '•***SJff«"« real Queen, and relate to her thefe Things which we thought .ifolutefy neceffary for the Good of Her and usher Allies y on \ktthtrfede the Water. Wt doubt not but ourGxtax Qiieen has been acmiaintedwhb ^mg and tedious IVar, in ConjunHion with her Children^ -nor Richard I^H'^ft ^^ Enemies the French ; and that wo have been eu a mgWallfor their Security ^ even to theL^s of our beft Men, If were mightily rejoiced when we heard our Great Q^een \i rtfilved to fend an Arney to reduce Canada, and imnudi" 'f^i in Ttktn of Friend/hip^ wt bung up tbt Kettle, and R 4 utk . m *'Vud K,- .':.■'' ' fr*' a-.. .1. fr ; Hje Hlftory ^New-York. took up the Hatchet, and^ with ont Confent, affi/ltd C Nicholfon in making Preparations m this Side the Lake • h at length we were told, 9ur Great Queen, hy fime imurt " Jffairs^ was prevented in her Defign at pre/ent^ which »J! usforrowfuly leji the French, who had hitherto dreadtd Jheuld now think us unable to make War agalnji them, ri Reduillon of Canada is of great Weight to our Free Hmtin fo that if our Great Qaeen/hould not be mindful of us^ we muk with our Families^ for/ake our Country, and feek other fjM tationsy orfiand Neuter, either of which will be much agai4 our Inclinations. ^ In Token of the Sincerity of thefe Nations, we do. In \U Names, prefent our Great Queen with the Belts ^ Wampan and in Hopes of our Great Queen'i Favour, leave it to hi mofl gracious Conjideration, xds ^ebec ; but hearing the ill News of the EngllJh^M return'd to New-York. This wretched Expedition to CamA if Mr. Harley fays true, in his Letter to Queen y/«»f, wJ managed by the Earl oiRocheJitr, the Lord Cornbury^s Uncld the Lord Harcowt, Lord Chancellor, Mr, St. John, Sccra tary of State, and, according to him, it was carried on paq Jy to put Money in the Manager's Pocket, 7i this ?r«ij clple, fays he, was owing thefettlng on foot the unhap^Vvj age to Canada. Since the Return the Secret is difcov^d, an\ my Sufpiclon juftlffd-^ for the Publick was cheated ef ak twtnA The Hiftory of New- York. ^ thufand Pounds. That, doubtlefi, was a fmall Part J5ic Cheat, befides which the Nation was cheated of its Glory ifs Trade, and even its Security in this Part of the Soon after thisE vent ibeProvince received a great Addition of jiliabitants, by thcArrival of fomeThourands,of PaiatinesyZnd jdier German Proteftants, which has very much increafed the jjiQjgth and Trade of the Colony. There was not a fenfibk? jlan in Great Britain^ who underftood the true Intereft of liij Country, which conftfts in nothing more than a Number of people, Increafe of Manufactures and Extent of Commerce, irhoclid not approve and rejoice in this Acquifition of People ptbis and other Colonies. This has been the Senfe of all (fadons ever fince Trade has had a Name in them ; and how gecelTary hands are for Agriculture, and all ufeful Labour, ilie very Term explains, without expatiating upon itj but tbePerfons who took upon themfelves the Canada Expedition, tlie breaking of the Confederacy and ruinous Peace widli ftmct^ treated that wife Meafure of tranfplanting German i^teftants to our Plantations, or employing them at home ii Tillage, as Folly, Madnefs, and a Defign againil the \j0ch. Thefe reviled, wrote and preach'd againft it, info- iiBich that the late learned Dr. Hare^ BIHiop of Chlchefter^ Itbought it neccflary to remove thefe Prejudices by fctting It Matter in a true Light. The Bifhop was put upon this ^ork by a Vote of the fame Houfe of Commons that fup- itted the then Miniftry in their Negotiations of Peace with "nuh by abandoning Spain and the Indies to the Houfe of iffhn. The Vote was, the inviting over the Palatines was txtravagant and unreafonable Charge to the Kingdom^ tend- to /fl the Increafe and OppreJJion of our Poor^ and of danger- sConfequence to the Churchy &c. All which Bp. Hare con- lercd and fully anfwer*d ; I fliall only copy what relates to h Palatines fent to New-Tor k^ as follows : " Thofe Palatines that were fent to New-York are well planted, and like to thrive there ; and if the fame Care had been taken of the reft, inftead of being a Burthen, they would, in a Hiort time, have proved beneficial to this Nation, nothing being more certain than that our Amt- rican Plantations, the largeft Fountain of our acquired Riches, yield in Proportion to the Number of People.** 'o t\i\i is added an Account of the Charge for the fettling of it Palatines, 249 %i LiM'i I If ja sr .' ' ' t " 'iSj» »ii' •■ ' I- 1 ; ^cr '< d 250 *The HiJIcfry of New- York. For tht Tranfportation of %oooSmlsy zt 7 . ^l. 10s. each, J"Mo/. !r,tf/20i. Mch. 6s,ptrHead. 1125 id For the Ciothing of 1000 SoulsyOtlo $, each. 3000 For Tools to the fame i afj s^ The Charge of their Subftftence for 3 Tears. 56258 78533 The Labour of 2000 ofthefe only to be ^ employed in Naval Stores, for which / they were fent thither^ was computed aty, * III. each yearly y more than their Sub- ( ^ ®®° '• fifience would come to, and that in our \ lears^ would amount to > J Thefe Palatines were difpofedon both Sides of Hudfon'i ftiver, 80 or 1 00 Miles above the City of New-York^ inthrw Tovmfliips on the Eaji Side of that "River, and three 01 the Pf^e/fi the latter about four Miles below the former. MrJ yohn Frederick Hagar was appointed Minifter of the Ej Side, and Mr. John Cocker dale for the Weft Side. Thefi] TownQiips are about a Mile diftant from each other in th County of Uljier^ or Hulfter j tor it is no Wonder td meet with Dutch Names in this Province, fince the fin European Inhabitants were Dutch, and many of them ftaij here and incorporated with the Englijhy after Sir Robt^ Carre reduced it. , After the Acceflion of King George I. to the Throne Great Britain^ the Lord Cornbury was recalled, and Brigadi) //i<«/^r made Governor of this Province and New-Jtrfey, HJ met the Kings of the Five Nations zi Albany^ and renewed thq Treaty with them, which the Indians call the Covenant Chain c which we fliall hear more in the Sequel. The Particulars ol this Gentleman's Adminiftration having not been communi] cated to us, we can only fay of it, from the bell Authority! that it was good, which will belf appear by the Speech i Col. Levingjlmy Speaker of the Aflembly in the Year 171c to him on his intended Removal to England. Sir, 1X7 H EN we refled upon your part Condudb, your jdJ ^^ mild and tender Adminiftration, it heightens tb^ ** Concern we have for your Departure, and makes ourGri *' fuch as Words cannot truly express. You have govcm'(j '* well and wifely, like a prudent Magiftrate, like an ; IS none oi tbofe, who had the Honour to ferve hi your Sta- I tioi)^ were erer fo juftly fix*d in the A^fedHon of the Go- K veroed, fo thofe to come will acquire no mean Reputa- << don) when it can be faid of them, their Condud^ has been « like yours. >< we thankfully accept the Honour you do us, in calling « yourfelf our Cnmtryman ; give us Leave then to defire that you will not forget this is your Country, and, if you can, " make Hafte to return to it. But if the Service of our Sovereign will not admit of I*' what we fo eanieftly defire, and his Commands Seoy us II that Happinefs, permit -us to addrefs you as our FHenc^ " and give us your A^ftance when we are opprefled with an l« Adminiftfation the Reverie of yours. i^y. Whether the Gendemen of Ntw-Tork had received Infor- Imation who was to be Brigadier Hunter*s SuccefTor in that Government, or whether it was the Efiedt of their Jealoufy of all Governors (ent them from E^Iand to mend their For- tune, as was the Lord Comburfs Cafe, and not leis Mr. iBurnet'Sy the next Governor, they feemed to have con- (idered what they had (aid. Mr. Jurnet vfts Comptroller- General of theCuftoms at London, and had by no means bet- ter'd his Circumftances by his Concern in the South-Sea Stock ^ Brigadier Hunter fucceeded him as Comptroller-General at kniMand ff^HJiamBumet^EUiiSon to the late BiOxo}^ of Salif- Uuryy was hisSucceflbr in this Government, and that ofNew- iJtrfeyi where he purchafed a Settlement, which is or was lately in his Family, but under fome Incumbrances, for the Difcharge of which, the fecond Volume of the BiHiop's \HiJiery of his nun Time^ was fold according to a publick Ad- vertifement. In the Year 1719, Pitir Schuykr^ Efq; as Prefident of the ! Council, was Commander in Chief of this Province, in the I Abfenca of Governor HunUr, and appointed the following Gentlemen to meet and confer with the Indian Segamores at Mawfy John Riggs^ Efq; Hend. Haufon^ Efq; John Schuy- ifr, Efq; Robert Levin^ion^ Junior, Efq; Peter fian Brugh^ Efq; The Matter they were to confer about was, fome boitile Expedition intended by the Indians of the Five Na- ' timt which the Engiijb apprehended to be unfealonable, and the 25» •'"iJl'W'''' ilH ■^' • --mm ffW 'i ! 4^* : ' • ^f >8>4 n: n cc C( (C cc 252 7ib^ Hijiory ^ New- York. entertaining a fr/nf^man amongfttheiD; but it willbebetJ cer explained by what the Niw-Tork Commiffioners fay. Brtthnriy **|We have received IntcUiglBnce not only from yourCoun *' try, but from Canada^ that one J tan Cctur^ the ¥unt\ " Interpreter, is gone from Montr tal to go to your Coun try, and by this time we may fuppofe he may be there- Place we think noFrenchman ought to be fufFer'din j ncitL can it be for the French Intereft fo fend him there, onl to fet you againft the far Indians^ who are inclined 10 coml here, which hinder*d, would tend to your Difadvantagc -j bur, on the contrary, their coming here is an Advantagd to you, as would be the not iuflfering him, or anyothed Frtncbman from Canada^ to come and ftay among you. The Indians having confultcd among themfclves, mad* Anfwer, . , Brethren, " We are come here according to your Delire ; you made a Propofition to us, two Days ago, and renewed the Covinant Chain, not only for this Government, but for all the Governments on the Continent, and Indians ia " Friendfliip with them ; you have promiled to keep the ** fame inviolable on your Side, which we believe will be fo " for we never had any Mifunderftanding hitherto with you! Bur, Brethren, you fay you renew the Covenant for thofe Governments to the Southward, which makes us wonder- for, two Years ago, a Meffenger came here from Virgim who complained againft us to his Excellency that we had done fome Mifchief in his Government on Indians living there in Alliance and Friendfliip with him. The fame time he defired,in theName of that Governor,to take fome of our principal Sachems with him, which we refufed, tnd defired the Governor might come here himfelf, or depute a Perfon with fome of the Sachems of thofe Indiam in Friendfliip with him, that then we might fpeak to one an- ** other Face to Face ; and therefore we think it does not liejat our Door, that no Pcice is concluded between us and his Indians. If they are inclined to meet us, we are ready for them ; but will appoint no other Place than this. Brethren^ •' You defired us not to fufFer Jean Cceur to ftay among us; we cannot fend him away, if \Ve do, we fliall be takea as Enemies; but do. you go there yourfelves, and fend him froni thence, ahd you may write to the Governor of Canada, that you will not fuffer any of bis People to % ** among cc ter, and that he will make it his Interefl to hinder the far jn yians from coming to trade here. You can better pre- !■ vent bis hindering thofe Indians from coming here than K wc for if we do not fupply the French with Goods from I It j,epi;c, they cannot fumifli the far Indians with what they « want } and hardly thofe that live n*ear them, for they get I" but little Goods themfelves from France. In the Year 1722 there was a Congrefs at Jilfany of the Congrff, of I governors oi New-York, Fenfyhania and Virginia^ with tl^e ^'JK|j«h Gt- Kings of the Five Nations, or River Indians, wherein all ind'an^ng, hbrmer Treaties of Friendfhip between thofe Governors and^f Albany. Itbar Provinces, and thofe Kings and their Kingdoms were Koewed; the ufual Pledges for the Obfervation of Cove- iDantswere exchanged* By what follows it appears, that the Governor of Pen/yl- lw«/ff, tho* the younger Colony, prefided at this Congrefs, lind received the Anfwers of the Indian Kings ; the Minutes Ininning thus : ' ? PRESENT The Honourable Sir William Keith, Bart, Governor ^tnfjlvania, /Members of the Council f Penfyhania,^ Richard Hill, Efqj < Col. John Frenchy Jfaac Norris, E(qi Andrtw Hamilieni Efqj Col. Peter Schuyler, eittr Van Brugh^ Efq; Jo, Schuyler y .. r ■ HtadHanSy '?; ' Evtrt Barker, lSXi\y Philip Leuin^m, Efq; JoiBieecher, Efq; . 7tfA»Ci//wx, Efqtai* . of of ^ r- -U''. > Committee for Indian j^^sm. .■:;'! I ■I' l"rf'l»l%- I. ». ; > The «54 ^^ Mifidry of Ncw-York. The Anfwer of the Kiogi of the Fm N^mnt^ \ttu The Maquafty TSe CapfigiSy The Oneydetf Tba Smmhaa^ The OnnondagiSy delivered to the Governor of Ptnfyhania tt Alkm tc^ xotb of Sipttmitrj 17a a. Imcfpreied by laurtnci CI A into Duub^ and reodcrM into EniUJk by ^0A«ri I/t;, J fion^ Efqj ^1 JST. £. There can be no Exa£tacffl in the Indian Nine; which vary almoft ^» often as they arc roeniioned by EnaM Frtnch or Dutch. Tanachafa fpeaks, Brother Onos^ N. B. Oms (ignifies a Pen in that tej l^anguase ^ and they call On«j, or Pm, all the Govcrno of Penjylvaniay fmce it was firft fettled by tyiUiam Ptn. ^ You told me, in your PrOpofuions, foroe Days mt that you was come a great way to fee us of the Fivt A'J tiom ^ we thank yod for your Good-will to us, and an very glad to fee you here in good Health; and we hopcj good Underftanding and Agreement will be made and '^ concluded between us. Vou told us alfo, that youi *' come to renew the Covenant Chain that has been m between us, fo long ago even as the firft fettling the h vince of Ptnfylvama^ and to lengthen the Chaiii^n do away any Spot of Ruft that may be grown upon '* fince our laft Nleeting and Conference at ConiJJogue, Brother Onosy II. ^* You told us, that at that time you brightened thj '* CovinaniChain between us,that it may be clear and lafting 1^ '' the Sun and Stars in Heaven, for which we thank you^ an( we being now all prefent do, in the moft folemn Manner] renew the Covenant and brighten the Chain made betwec that the Luftre thereof be never obfcured by any Oou m your Children and our Cbildr'^ji, and that the fame may be kept as long as the Mountains znd Rivtrs endure ; all which we like well, and, on our Part, defire that the Covenant I made with a clean and true Heart between you and us, nay laft as long as the Sun and Moon (hall continue to I give Light : And we will deliver this in charge to our »> Children, that it may be kept in Remembrance with their Ciuldren> and Children's Children, to the lateft Ages ; and I we defire that the Peace and Tranquillity that is now cfta- lililli'd between us, may be as clear as the Sun (hining in its Luftre, without any Cloud or Darknefs, and that the liine (Day continue tor ever. Brother Onos^ V, '' We have well coniider'd all that you have fpoken, 4 like it well, becaufe it is only the renewing of for- oer Leagues, made between the Government of Penfyl- vania and us of the Five Nations, and which we always believed we were obliged to keep. And as to the Accident of oDe of our Friends being killed by fome of your Peo- ple, which has happened by Misfortune and againft your Will, we fay, that as we are all in Peace, wc think ic hard that Peribns who killed their Friend and Brother ' fiiojjld fuffer ; and we do, in the Name of all the Five SatuttSf forgive the Offence, and defire you will likewife fiDfgive it, and that the Men who did it may be releafed from Prifon, be (tt at Liberty to go whither they pleafe, }nd we (hall efteem thii as a Mark of Regard and Friend- lip for theFiv^ Nations, and as a farther Confirmation of this Treaty. Brother Onos^ VL ** We iay further, wc are glad to hear the former Treaties sude with William Pern repeated to us again, and " renewed 255j ' ff. ti 256 ^e Hiftory of New- York. •' renewed by you, and we efteem and love you, as \U^ " ytfexciyiUiam Pen. Wc are glad you have wiped aww ** and cover'd the Blood of our dead Friend and Brother aJi '* we defire the fame may be forgot, fo as it may never " more mcntion'd or remembcr'd. It is needlefs for U8(, *» anfwcr every Particular of your Propofition, becaufc wd *' acknowledge the Whole to be good and acceptable toui " efpecially your good Advice, which we will always remet " bcr, and, in Teftimony thereof, and as a full Confirmaiio» •* of our Agreement, Confent and Approbation of all th3 " you have propofcd and wc have here faid and premifed, wj *' lay down a few Beaver^ Bear and drefs'd Dttr-skint! Which concluded the Ceremony. • < ■• ' 'it I know not how it came that the Indian Kings uke noticd only of the Governor and Province of Penfylvania^ whe the Congrefs was held in the Province of Ntw-Tork^ and the Deputies of that Province were prefent. J )bn Moiu- I have met with no Governor of this Province betwee. jiomery.c/^; Mr. Bumtt and John Montgomery y Efq; and little remarkablj Gavernor. |^ ^^^ Timc of his Government. I hnd him charged with Breach of Inftrudlions in a Matter of great Importance, thj making of Judges by Virtue of his Commidion, m^M Advice of Council, which, by a particular Article of his Ini ftru(5ttons, he ought to have taken. Thefe Judges werd Lewis Morris y Efq; Chief JulHce, James De Lanoy^ Efqj Second Juftice, and Fredrick PhiUipfe, ECq^ Third Jufticc] which are particulariz'd on Account of the Part they m have in very extraordinary Tranfadiions, which foon aftel made here, and even in £ne;ljndy a great Noife, and occa] fionedmuch Debate. Mr. Montgomery died July 1731, 9iFort St. George in thij City, and was interred in the King's Chapel. Notwith] (landing the fore- mentioned Charge, this Gentleman lefttb Charader of a moft excellent Governor. Rip Van On the Death of Mr. Montgomery., Rip Van Dam^ Ef(j Dam, £/Vi at that time Prefident of the Council, was confeqaently Go pufidenr. ygrnor and Commander in Chief of the Province oi Nt\ York. In bis time the French and Indians made (everal Id croachments on the Frontiers of this Prov j'cr and A^a Englandy of which the Prefident gave timelv No. ice to ( vcraor Belcher at Bo/ion, and hecommunf -■■' '.- . mi fembly, as a Matter worthy their Attention. Prefident fij Dan was entitled to as much of the Salary and Perquifitesc a Governor, as was cuftomary for Prefidents in like Cafes t receive ; and afterwards, when Col. William Cosiy was nu^ GoveraofJ Tie Hiftory of New- York. 257 \-\ Covcmor, Mr. Van Dam'^ Appointment was half of the i^ Governor's Salary and Perquifitcs by Warrant of the Crowo during his Adminiftraiion, till the Arrival of Col. tVi/y, who wrote to the Prefidcnt to ? !vance certain Sums wilii«m of Money for him, to anfwcr the InciJents of his Office, §^!jj;,^f^^' which he would faithfully and thankfully repay ; but it occa- ^73"? (ioncd a Suit of Law, which had very ill Confcque;nces ^ Ibr, on Col. Cotby^^ Arrival here, and encrin^ on the Govern- • jjent, he not onlv defcr'd paying the Sums advanced by Prefident Van Dn^ but caufcd a Proccfs o be cotumenccd irjiiit him by the Attomty Gtntral^ in ihc I >' ime of the King, for Fees and Perquifucs received by the Prefid' nr This feems to us abfurd and ridiculous, unjuft and oppreffive, and I dclign only to fcreen the Governor from a rrofecu- (jon at Law for the Money the Prefidcnt demanded of him, jbr the Balance of the Account between them, by which was due to the faid Van Dam 3537 A 9 ^. which Account Van Dm deliverV. in to i ol. Cosby^ and required the Difcharge of the (aid llal4MCw, .s> which he received no fatisfadory ilnfwcr ; 0^' thr contrary, the Attomty General proceeded ac ia\n 'triinft hiu» m the King's Name for the aforefaid Fees, ./I Dam was to have half of, and the other half a- loounted to no great Sum, Salary and dated Appointments being included. But this was not the greateft HardOiip; whereas the Prelident had commenced a Suit at Common iw for his Balance aforefaid, he could procure no Appear- nce to his A£Hon from the Governor, • and the Attorney icneral proceeded againft Van Dam in the Supreme Court ^ a immon Law Court at New-Tork^ -s if it had been a urt of Chancery, and, as fuch, the Judgment by a Jury fee afide, and the Jurifdidion would be in the Go- or and Council. 'TIS impertinent to remark the In- ice of referring a Caufe to a Perfon interefted in it ; iwcvcr, this was the Cafe, and Mr. Van Dam*s Coun- try juftly excepted againft the making a Court of AwaCourt of Equity, to carry a Point againft him, in fa- [our of the Perfon who made ic fo, as far as his delegated Power would admit. I have before me the Prefident's Ac- ount, and the Letter he wrote to the Governor to obtain sjuft Demand by amicable ways, andtoremonftmte the h!i''>r» of ptofecuting him for a fmall Debt, at the fame [ic that he refufed to difcharge or to appear to an Adtion br a very great one due to the fame Perlbn. An Hiftorian 'not to enter into fuch Litigations, but the Fads they pro- uced are Hiftorical ; I f^all only obferve, that the Chief hjiice, Lewis Morriis Eiq; <^cliver'd his Opinion of the ' S nU^a/ify thi ft r .Ir'-' 25? li' ' »733- THje Hijlory of New- York. Illegality of the Proceedings in the Supreme Cow% as tn il Court of Equity^ and refufed to fit on the Bench, when the! two other Judges, DeLancey and Phillipfe, *°^'* Voted hy tht Ajftwkly for Strvictu 1000. I'he Hiftdry of New- York. If regular Toqps are neceflaiy, 'tis certainly abfolutely ne* I Ciliary they flioUld be maintain'd as cheap as poffible, arid dat no Body fliould get by the clothing them but the Maker Lr the Seller. ThePrefident goes on, ** I rarfed 4500/. at myovm Ex- pence for the Ufe of the Governmenr, before your Arri- U val. The gr^t Benefit to you of thefe Services you grate- « fiiy acknowledged to me by Letters, and little did I expedl |« fucb ! Returns as I have met with for them. « I befeech your Excellency farther to confider how his |«' Majefty* ike Father of his People, the Fountain ofjujiue^ look upon this Denial of Juftice by his own Repre- |« fentative! How he will look upon the ufing of his Name •' for your \3{ty in hopes of your being free from the Rifquc I' of paying Cofts of Suit, if the Ciufe is agaiftft you ! " I befeech your Excellency to confider, how your Profc- |<' cution againft one in the King's Nannte^ as^ this Cafe is Y circumftantiatfed, will fduadin the Ears of adl Lovers of the |« Conftitution, When it is known to all, that I have not o«- /^^MrtaWcU-wiflier, hut nl/oaifii/e in the hteG loKiovs I" Revolution, and well known to be one who ahvays has Y hun mfi firfidy attached to the happy Ejtahlijhment founded Y ihtremy ond to the Succeffion in the Houfe ^Hanover." I yamyfelf well enough pl^d to find this Soggef^ion in the late frclident's Letter to the Governor, becaufe, before I found i, I fufpeded that fuch violent Proceedings could not be Ijed on a Man of Revolution Prtttciples^ and how any o- l^r came to he employed, cither in England^ or the Englifh umrlca in Pofts of Truft, fince that Revolution, is very dif- cult to be reconciled to the Intereft and Safety of the Con- ftitution, and the Duty of thofe that procured them fuch Em- oyments. The Chief Juftice, Lewis Morris, Efq; publiflied his \^mon and Argument, concerning the yurifdiSfion of the Su- eme Court ff^ New- York, to determine Caufes in a Court of which he had read in the faid Court, and the Go* •159 ^:'^\ .'■ It rernor fent Frederick Morris, Efqj Deputy Secretary to |the Chief Juftice, for a Copy of it under his Hand, which m the Occafion of his printing and publiflung it, with the tter that accompanied it, wherein, among other things, fets the Governor's unlawful transforming the Supreme \Ciurt into a Court of Chancery, ih its true Lighr. " This, Sir, is the Copy of the Paper 1 read in Court,'!'''' ^*''^ I have no rqafdn to expc«St it will be at all grateful, or ur tithe '* I' have any Weight with your Excellency, after the Anrwer vi ,ft"*l 4i :iA> mm 1 l:t I- 111 ;■ "; A ' imim cc c< cc cc 262 ^i*^ Hijiory of New- York. was as well in Col. Hunter'i time, as in Lord Cornhurfs q. Col. Coshy% which was not the Golden Age of this Province But however this Security of theirs lafted not long j fo/jn , the Year 1734., they were alarmed with the Movements of the French and Indians on the Frontiers of Nnv-Tork^ and the Aflembly came to the Mowing Refolutions. " That there be allowed, towards fortifying the City of Mw-J^ri, the Suni of 6000/. " That there be allowed the City of Many , toere^and complete a Stone Fort, Soldiers Barracks within Ac fame repairing the Officer's Houfe, or building a new one, and I making the Carriages for the great Guns, the Sum of] 4000/, " That there be allowed, for creding a Fort on Beams upon a Stone Foundation at Scane^aday, a good' Blockl *' Houfe in each Corner thereof. Carriages for the great I ** Guns, £fff . the Sum of 800 /. I " That there be allowed, for Meflengcrs and Prefentstol ** the Senekaa's Country, maintaining a Smith and fomel Men among that Nation, and for building Fortificationj| there, if found feafible and pradicable, the Sum of 500/. ** That, for purchafing great Guns, and making Carriagjsj for the fame, for the Security of Suffdk County, to be emJ ployed there as Occaiion may require, and for difckrgingl a Demand of the faid County, in oppofing a Pirate Veffell *' which infefled them fome Years ago, be allowed to th^ *' County in all 200 /. This Aflembly took into Confideration a Declaration ofl two Lawyers, Mr. Smith and Mr. Murray^ that ** the Court] ** of Chancery, King's- Bench, Common- Pleas and Exche] *' quer were of original Jurifdidtion by the Laws and ConJ " ftitution of England^ as ancient as the Kingdom itfelfi That as in that Colony they were endiled tothefamd Laws, Liberties and Privileges, and under the fame Con] ftitution, fo they were entituled to the fame Courts; an(j *' that if thofe Courts fliould, in that Province, be put up on any other Footing than they are in England^ their owJ Aft would draw into Queftion, whether they wereenj titled to the Liberties and Privil^es aforefaid; arid there] fore they conceived it would not be improper to regulaM ** the Courts, and that the Judges ihould be made durinj ** their good Behaviour, by an Adt as it was in England.^ This, doubtlefs, was occafioned by the Attempt in Prefidenl f'^an Dam's Cafe, to turn the Supreme Court into a Court of Chancery. . I ^ AbouJ (C cc ce 1 *: ' .'1 Li :i . , *^ ^ 0' ii si' Mr. Laney James De Lancey, Efq; Ch.Juft. l)r. Codden^ Mr, Horfemanden, Gmge Clarke^ Efqj Mr. Levingjlony Mr. Cortlandy^ Ur.Harri/ottf Mr. Kennedy^ A CotTitnittee of the Aflembly, Mr. Garretfen Chair- 1734. Itnan, met a Conftroittee of Council the 17th of Oitober^ 1734, and the latter delivcr'd to the former the Requeft of their Board, That the Aflembly would concur with the Coun- cil in an Order for burning by the Hands of the common \tiangman the New- York Journals, No. 7, 47, 48, as dc \n1at0ry to the Dignity of the Government of his Mafefiy King I George II. and refie6iing on the mojl conftdetable Perfons in . itht moji di/lingtiijh*d Stationfs, &c. "The Courtfellors left the faidjouraals with the ^mit/y Men, and the Chairman, Mr. iQirretfiny reported the Cafe to the Houfe, who declined oppofd having any Coticem it* the Matter j fo the Council fent Mr. ''"^JJ'' ImniftoH td the Aifttnblyj to defire they itwght liave their Papers again. No doUbt the Houfe was ready crtougji to return tlwfii.. S 4 The (♦',5:'- ^^%i ait h 'St '■. ■ .J, ' '*' 1- n-*: m ■'■':. 1 1 !' z6j^ The Hijiory o/" New- York. The Slur put upon this Proceeding by the Parlitmentopl the Province, abated nothing of the Spirit of the Governor and his Council ; they therefore met in their Chamber ih* ^ih oi November^ and figned an Order for the burning the aforefaid Journals by the Hands of the Common Hangman They are thus ranged in the Minutes. PRESENT His Excellency JVilliam Cosby y Efqj Captain-General and! Governor in Chief, ^c. \l f 1 ;L.;5!;? » i 1 ll 1 1 Mr. Clark, Mr. Levingftorty Mr. Cortlandy^ Mr. Harriforiy Mr. Kennedy^ Mr. Lane, Dr. Coddcti^ Mr. DeLancey, Ch.Jufticc. Mr. Horfemanden. JnA by the The Ingcnutty of thofe Gentlemen b remarkable in in. y'oric. *^'ferting the Name of Dr. Codden in their Order, iho' thel DoiStor was that Day at Efopus^ 90 Miles from the PlacJ when the Council met at Fort St. George in New-York-^ but! I obferve, in the Condudt of all this Sort of Governors al Raihneis, and fometimes a Rage, when th^ir Interefl orl Dignity are in Queflion, which runs them perpetually intol Error and Nonfenfe. They were not contented with fign.| ing this Order for the Hangman to burn Mr, Zengerh Papers I but order'd Robert Lucking, Efq; Major of New-York, toge.j ther with all the Magiilrates to attend when the Hangmanl executed their Commands; but the Mayor and Aldermen exJ cufed themfelves, and I fuppofe the Hangman did the famJ for the Papers aforefaid were put into the Fire by the SheJ rif s Negro; Francis Harrifon, Efq; Member of the CounclJ and Jeremiah Dunbar, Efq; with fome Officers of the GarJ rifon, adifting at the Ceremony, which the Citizens of iw| York treated as ridiculous and contemptible. On a Sabbath-day, November the idth, the Governor and] his Council iOlied an Order for feizing Zenger and fendingl him to the common Jail, where he was for fome timedeny'dl the Ufe of Pen, ink and Paper. The meeting on a Sab'l bath- day to do this notable Deed, fo far firom Charity, if| not from Juftice, was very much cenfured by religious Per- fons. Zenger's Counfel were Jar*es Jlexander, Efq; and I Mr. William Smith, who prepared Exceptions againft thel Coramiffions of the Judges, James De Lancey, Efq; Chief! Juftice, Frederick Phillipfe, Efq; Second Juftice. I flialll only mention one of them, that the Governor had granted the Commiflion without Ad vice of the Council, ^hich was eH . - fentijll W^ Hiflory of New- York. to the Validity of it in that Province, as is before 'Twas not likely that fuch Exception would be J^ken'd to J they were over-ruled, and Zenger's Lawyers for- 0tn to praftife in the Courts of New-Tork. The Attor- 5jy.General, R. Bradley, Efqj having laid an Informatii n Jirft y**" ^''^'* Zenger for thofe Papers, which, in his Se, *^^ Libels, the Court allowed John Chambers, Efqj (0 be Council for Mr. Z^/z^^r^ and y/Wrrf«;//tfw/7/^iic«"i«f nded upon his Preferment^ hut has been generally ohfcrved'"^"^'*^"'-^** I i( worfe j for Jlfen who are not endued zvitb JVifdom and kr/ac, wn only he kept in Bounds by the Law^ and by how much '.further they think them f elves out of the Reach of Law^ by mch the more wicked and cruel they are. His whole ech on this Subjed is well worth reading, and I thcre- trc refer to it. The Attorney-General and the Judges having nothing to fay, but to aflert that New-Tork urnal w'as a Libel, tho* the fcandalous Parts charged in Information were true, and that the Judge's Opinion was lie Law and the Judgment, I am fure the Reader could p no great Delight in their Speeches ; but that the Jury had to )\vith both tlve Law and the FadV, and to determine of both, Mr. ■ •• I 1: »'^:;:r 1^ r it] 1 to a Neighbour'! " Houfe, found himfelf very ill of a Fever, and immediate ** ly wrote for a Dodtor ; and that his Phyfician might th •' better judge of his Diftemper, he acquainted him with tb| *' Ufage he had received j concluding that the Governo was certainly mad, for that no Man in his Senfes v.'oui(| have behaved in that manner. The Dodor unhap pily Ihews the Parfon's Letter, the Governor came to he of it, and fo an Information was preferred againft.the pooj Man, for faying. He believed the Governor was mady and *' it was laid in the Information to be faljey fcandalom J ** wicked, and wrote with Intent to move Sedition among m People, and bring his Excellency into Contempt ; but, by i Order from the late Queen Jnne, there was a Stop put d the Profecution, with fundry oth 'rs fet on Foof by th^ fame Governor againft Gentlemen of the greateft Woitl *' and Honour in that Government. MrJ C( Senfe and Petition of their Confticuents^ yet we muft «yc him in this Government. f We (hall now give a (hort Geographical Account of this evince, its prefent Inhabitants and Trade. I AH the Englijh Colonics in America aflfedt to divide their Div!/!(M» iUS^i into Counties, whether they have People for them [not; and this, in fome of them, is fo pompous, that it oroes ridiculous. Thus the Jffffeys and Long //land, and fd the remoter Parts of NeW'Tork^ which is divided into I Ids than ten Counties, Albany, Uljier, Dutchefs, Orange King's County, which are inhabited by the Dutch, and jfons of Dutch Extradlion, who make very good En^lijl) 1 become fettled anoonglt them, ^een's County, Sujfolk unty, Che/ier County, ■ and New-Tori County, are other Counties. I Something has already been faid of the City of New->TorJt, Ncw-Ycwk. rich iscing much larger now thin when it was called New- lirdamy makes a more agreeable Profped than it did There arc now about 1 1 oo Houfes, and near 7000 jibabitants in it. The Houfes are well built, the meaneft "them (aid to be wordi 100/. which cannot be fiiid of Ly City in England. The great Church here was built in Year 1695, and is a very handfom Edifice. Here arc )t Dutch Church a French Church and a Lutheran, Church. he Inhabitants o*" Dutch Extraftion make a very confiderable ; of the Town j but moft t^ them fpeaking Englijhy one ay fuppofe they go pretty much to the great Churchy efpe- illy all (holie ch^t arc or hope to be in OiBcei;. The Mi- nirter I •I- 'V ■■]' I I ^0h "'5 ll Wsd ,/;:« 27a The Hiftory of New- York. mm III nifter of it/\^as lately Mr. William Vefey, Here is aF SchoolanJdPrinting-houfe; but no more than oneBookfJ ler's Shop, and that not extremely well cuftonied. Th 3 little or nothing of the old Walls left j the chief Defence the Town now is George Fort, and two new Batteries on on each Side of the Narrows, to fecure the Place by Sea ' tI Fort is now in good Order, and there are two Companies! Soldiers in Garrifon in it. The Council-houfe is a fair Buili ing. The Government of the Town is by a Mayor RJ corder, Aldermen and SherifB, Common-Council- Men 'co flables and other inferior Officers, in Imitation of the Core rations in England, where the Body, as 'tis called do many Places, more Harm than Good ; and I am afraii NeW'Tork, the Fadions among the Magiftrates, Rivals the DireSfion, have not a little contributed to fome Une nedes in the Province. Manahattan liland^ in which d City oi New-Tor k ftands, is 14. Miles long, very fruitful, pleafant, and being water*d by Hudfon^s River, makes a nio delicious and profitable Plantation. Indeed this City and i Environs, for Profpeft, for Profit, (or Pleafure, is not el cecded by any in the Britijh or any other Empire. Kingflon. King/ion lies between Ntw-York and Albany, onthe Wd fide of the River, 50 Miles from the former. The HouJ are ilraggling, except about ico, which compofe the Mai Rim, which is well built, and the Whole may amount to 1 hove 200 Families. The River Mfopus, a Name only know, to the concerned, fells into Hudfon*s from New-JtA near this Town, and makes a good Communication betwe this Province and that. In We/i'CheJler County there is but one Parifli, or atle but one Pariih Church, which is at the Town 16 called b] there's a fettled Maintenance for two Minilters, at 50/. yea each. *Twas an Error in my firft Edition to place Ryek that Town belonging to New-England, in Fairfield Count As to the Places, Taskers, De Charm, and Mmerm mentioned in this County, all that I can fay of them that I take them to have been Dutch Planutions. The Town oi Albany, called anciently Oran^^./^r/, is | bove 140 Miles from New-York, nearer Canada and^wA The Inhabitants are flill moftly Dutch. Here is a Stone Fort. Queen Anne fent a Church of England Minili hither, who has 100 /. a Year fettled upon him; and the RJ prefentatives for this County in the AlTembly moved for] Church at the Expence of the Province. I know notwbj ther it was yet built. The Town confifts now of betwe 2 and 300 iutnilies^ who live very comforcably, and thrivl Weft. Ckeftcr. Albany. ^Ih Hiftory fl/'New-York. 373 ilfoby tlie Indian Trade for which it lies very convenient. Here the Governors of New-York have often Conference* Ljih the Sachems^ and a notable one was held here in the U Year of Queen Anne^ when were here prefent the Lord ' ■ r;, Col. Peter Schuyler ^'M^ox Dirk PP^eiJfels, Com- icrs for treating with the Indians ; John Belcher^ Efq; jyor of New-Tor k-^ John Abeel^ Efqj Recorder ; Jthn {ihom, Efqi Alderman ^ David Schuyler] Efq; Alderman ; \n Schuyler, Efq; Alderman j Mr. Richard Levin^on^ jretary for Indian Affairs; and Hilletie Van Olinda, an idutch Woman, Interpretefs. The firft that had Audi- cewere 2 Sachems of the Hurons^ or Canada Indians^ n 5 Sachems of the Twightivights, and Tronondade In- ,w; then the Sachems of the Five Nations^ in Confede- with the Evglijh. The Kings, in their Speech, make Six } but I luppofe that was a Novelty, on fo cxtraor- cary an Occafion, when fomc additional People were in- luded. Thofe that appeared here now by their Sachems, tOntydes^ the OnandageSy the Cayanges, the Sinnecaas,^"*'^'** ^^^ id the Maquaas. There's hardly any one of thefe Names'"*'* It the laft, that are pronounced and fpelt always exa<5tly in lime manner. The Territories of thefe Five Nations the other Indians reach'd to the French Settlements in J the utmoft Limits of which. Southward, are not a- e 200 Miles from the utmoft Limits of New-York, North- i The chief Bufinefs of this Conference, befidcs fettling few Mattew in Trade, was the Exchange of Prefents, licb, on the Englijh Part, are generally Clothes, and on Mm, Skins. There are generally two Companies of liers detached to garrifon Albany^ from whence a Party ufuallyfentto ichinelfoda, 20 Miles above it. Here is, or was lately only *cheneaai«, 1 old Fort out of Repair, and the Palifado's rotten, which, ippofe, tempted the French, and their Indians, to infulc as we have related. 'Tis rebuilt in a better Mannec before they burnt it, is larger and more populous, and JDg pretty far in among the Indian Plantations, the Inha- tsmake good Advantage of the Trade v ith them. The about it is not unlike that pleafant Valley whicli the Trent Iters in Nottingham/hire, to which it has been often com- d. Here are now about ijo Familiei, Englijh and d. [Between this and New-York, Ay o Miles, dwelt feveral ///- IB Nations, as the Makentowonit, the Poch^nit, the Woo* V the Mamkikam j one may call them what one will, the vages would perhaps underftand us as well as they do by J the i*. ■;•■'■■ ili" Ws " 1! .«,,-''l »!^ '^11 m%- ' ■.W'. ii I' mm I'?'- »i "■ ■^ Z74 715^ Hj^orj^ o/ New- York. the Names they go by in our Hiftories. The Maqaaasv^crtl the Weft of Fort Many; and Southward from thetn lies Head of thcMiJJjftpi. Onthefe Frontiers are two or three otji fmall Fortifications, as Half Moon^ Nejiigeun^ and 8at tlage. The Country all along to the Mouth of the River equally fi-uitful and delightful. The Indians had it all 'J Years ago, except S«per skill, on the Weftern Shore of ifj fonh River, which Shore was neyer planted by the Dud bet is now by the Englijh: The inland Country is ftj of Settlements. tdnglfland. Souih-Eaft from New-Tork lies Long^Ifland, fotnctiti called Najpiu Ifland, (Iretching along Fairfield County NeW'Engian4i almoft to the Mouth of Hudfon\ River. \ i fine Spot of Ground, 150 Miles in Length, and u Breadth. It was partly inhabited by the Engltjh before 1 Rshert Carr came into thefc Parts ; King James I. inclui it in the Patent he granted to Sir William AUxander^ Earl 1 Stirling j and the Inhabitants of Lyn in EJfex County Niw-England^ finding themielves ftreightened iQ Room, co tn^^ed. with that Lord for a Tra£fc of Land in this Ifland,] which abput 100 Families removed, together with Mr. P/J /on their Minifler, and began to plant at the Weft End of J Ifland i but the Dutch of New-Amjltrdam gave them ft] Diflurbance, that they deferted their firfl Plantation and 1 tied at the Eaft End, where they built a Town, and ere^ themfelves into a Sort of Government, by the Advice of 1 Maffachufet$Co\onyy of which they had been a Part. Ti^ called their Town Southampton^ the. Name it ftill goes I and out of it was lately taken the Paridi of Bridg3)mp\ Three of the Counties in the Province of New-Tork lie] this Ifland, as ^een's County, Suffolk County and Ridti County i for the Englijh lookt upon this Ifland as depend on New-Tor ky and took Pofleflion of both by Virtue of j Duke of Tork'i Patent i tho' I don't fee how the LynM could fufFer in the Property they purchaied of the Lord£/{ iing, who had a prior Grant. In ^een*s County aret{ Churches, fupplied with Incutpbents, one at Jamo^ Town of about 40 Houfes, of which the Reverend iVilliam Vrquhart was lately Minifter. He has 50/. a by Subfcription from the Torkjhire Clergy, and 15/. Books. The other Churcb is at Hempjlead^ of which ialj was Reftor, the Reverend Mr. John Thomas, who has fame Income from England nikd by the Sodttyfwft gating the Gofpdy whofe Stipends are good, and I hopei Stipendiaries are the fame, efpecially thofe that are feotl A^myknd apd Virginia^ where Minifters ^^ much waotl m The Wftory j^ New-York. 275 tat not fuch as I have known to (hip themfelves for thefe places. Each of thefe Minifters have 60 1, a Year alfo from lltUhTferk. Near Hemjiead is a noted Plain, taking its jIjjijc from it; and in this Plain thereare often Horfe- Races, lbs Breed here being famous, on which Accmnt the Militia gjgitnent oi^een's County is Horfe. In it are alfo ConJiH' fyfffwn, Utrecht, and other fmall Places, not worth the jjames of Towns, which together make a plentiful Provi- Ijgn for their Minifter, as all pious and learned Divines djttohave. There is an Allowance of 4.0 /. a Year for a Minifter Sufilk County; but there is no Minifter in it, there jng no Churchj and my Author does not think Pref- kffian and Independent Paftors to be Minifters. There are of them and of ^^^^rj feveral Congregations, which he cnot allow to be called Churches. Tho* there's no Parfon, ere are two Towns in this County, Huntington, where arc oHoufes; and Oi/ierBay, where there areas many. When Dutch were in Poffeflionof jto»^^fl»^/, they made Earthen are there, as good or better than that at Delft j but that rade was loft as foon as the Ehglijh were Matters here. he latter minded, and ft ill mind planting and fowing, formerly Skins and Furrs. There is a Plain towards the iddle of the Ifland, 16 Miles long, and 4 broad, call'd ijbury Plain, which yields very fine Grafs, perhaps as fine as toi Hemp/iead ', for here are Races twice a Year, and to icourage a good Breed of Horfes, here is yearly a Silver Cup liven to the fwifteft. There's no manner of Rubbifli, Stick Stone to be feen upon it. Here are two or three other Plains, of about a Mile Square, which are very bene- to the Neighbourhood. About 40 Years ago was fet up at Northfleet, in this Ifland, Poft, which runs twice a Week to Nettlebed, Eger^ I, Afiiford, Huntington, Oijier Bay, Flujhing, Newton and iftrd^ where the Mail is carried over in the Packet-Boac NiVi*TorL A very great Convenience in Trade, of hichthe Inhabitants of this Ifland have a pretty good Share Horfcs,and the Commodities raifcd by Pafture Ground. Off Ed/i Coaji lie feveral defert Wands, and Siaten Ifland at IVeflEnd, to Miles long, and 5 or 6 broad. The chief tations in k are Billop's at the South End, and Palmer's the Morth, and at the Eaftern Point is a fmall Settlc- it, cail'd Dover. There arti very convenient Harbours a- igthc Coaftof Long //land, and on the South-fidc, IP'hales'^^^^* ^ ' Grampuffes were formerly, if they are not ftill ca.'ght by '^ * Flihers in fmail Boats, and a confiderable Trade driven * T 2 with III' ^ ■„., 5»fv ' >'„, "^' M \ : r^- ■?'■ !^ ft-, %: Ml ■>t id l)!.1i!Bi<(ll fN ^ fe«^^' tHMtt, 276 !r/j^ F//?ory ^ New- York. ^ with the Oil, as to the Sugar Iflands and other Coloni to England ond Ireland. In Winter an infinite Number^ Seals lie on fome broken Marfhes, Beaches and Banks Sand. They make an excellent Oil, and would be very art vantigeous to the People of the Country, if they could fl into an eafier way of conning at then). Hiving mentioned the Fertility of the Soil of this p. vince, I fliall only add as to its Produds, that they are i\ fame with thofe of Neiv-Enghad. It has nothing pecu|3 to itfelf, and therefore we (hall refer to what we fajd the! on this Head. The Soil is richer, and the Climate mild J lying two or three Degrees more to the South. The Cor and other Grain of this Province are reckoned to excel th 3ike of NeiU' England Growth j but (b little, that I fuppol it makes no great Difference in the Market. j The Animals, BeaJIsj Birds and Fijh are the fame as thoi in New-England^ there being no nKsre Difference betwed the two Provinces than between two Counties in Engkni or not fo much in feveral Inftances. The Indians of JV«( England and thofe of New-Tork differ as little, confiderin how Indians naturally differ from one another almoft in eved 10 or 12 Miles; their Cuftoms varying with their Kind doms, which were rarely of greater Extent. But it will H exposed we fhould (ay fomething of the Savages of this Prd vince, as well as others. I think they (hould lofe the Nan of Savages, having (b long lived near, and even among th Englijhy and accuftomed themfelves pretty much to the Ufaf;es. 7 hat their Language is as barbarous as that of the ^^^ England Indians,wii\ appear by the following Examples, as^l quoyhangeny the Neck; 'tis very odd that the firft Syllable! thclndian WordNequoyhangen is Neq, the very Englijh Nuf and there is iri all Langus^es fuch OddnefTes, which may[ term'd Lujits Linguarum, as the Semblances of Branches i Sprigs of Trees, are often dillinguifhed on Stones and She A Liar is Synquvwmackriggh^ I carmot pronounce the krid of this dreadful Speech. There are feveral Dialeds, accord ing to the Difference of the Nations. As for the Perfonst the Indians^ they are generally well featured and well limb't I take their being well limb*d to be owing to their ' nurfmg Children, to put them early to the Ufe of the Limbs, after ftrengthening and hardening them by Wat^ and Weather. They fpoil their Complexions by dying a painting their Skins, which makes them (b tawny, that, way of Diftindlion from Europeans^ they are as often calle Tawrnyt as Indians, Their Hair 21 black and lank ^ they an I>4iari». hi'". *JF Tie Hijlory «/" New- York. 77 dextrous in handling their Bows and Arrows; but ihave long had the Ufe of Fire- Arms; and all the Na- IJjiJs bordering on European Settlements do not now pretend. Lpoppofe Musket, Powder and Ball with Bows and Arrows. V^zyians in and near this Province had always a friendly Icorrefpondcnce with the Englijh ; one Reafon may be, they Ld been much longer acquainted with theftj than other /«- Urn had been with the firft Comers. The Colonies in hfoi'England having had Commerce and Correfpondence Iffith them 40 or 50 Years before the EngUJh fettled in New- Vf(fk'^ and befides that, the Dutch had broken them of iheir lliildnefs, as 'tis faid of ColtSy by living and trading with liliein before the EngUJh came thither. Pete Hennepin owns f love the Englijh better than the French^ of which we enough in the Speech of their Kings to Qiieen Anne. iTbey are apt to learn all things, and my Author adds, will- |iig to be inJiruSled in the Chrijiian Religion^ which I do not Diirely believe, tho* out of a laudable Zeal for the Propaga- m of it, they are fo reprefcnted xo the Society, that have keo upon them the Charge of fending Minifters to them, bine of which have not behaved as became their Divine Mif- od; infomuch that the Ihrewder Heads among the Indians Bvc taken Notice of it, as will be feen by this Story, which iGilbert Heathcot told me, as he had it from Brigadier Hun- ir, Governor of this Province. The Brigadier Governor ving fome of their Sachems a Meeting at Jlbany, where he aewed what is called the Covenant Chain, or Alliance with • Five Nations^ he carried with him Prefents, as ufual, hich were fevcral Suits of Clothes, fet out for Show in the Manner, and the Sachems being mightily taken with em, the Governor thought it a proper tirrte to purfue an- bcr Part of his Inftrudions, which was to difpofe them to ceive favourably and give Ear to fome Minifters, which were ^tended to be fent amongil them to preach the Chriftian Li- jty. The Brigadier lold them. Their good Mother the fmnhad not only made this noble Provijion for clothing their [Ww ; but Jhe would clothe their Souls atfo^ by the preaching ftht GofpJ'y to tvhich End fome Preachers would be fent to in~ W them. To which one of the oldeft of the Sachems dtkntv/tr^Tljat they mo/l heartily thanh'd their gracious good Indian lum and Mother for the noble Clothes jhe had ordered for ^"^j ^^'-j-' tm; ht as to the Preachers, th're had been fuch and fuch^'J^^ "" ' "*' iming two or three, whom hfc iiad feen there or in New- hrky who, injlead of preaching their pious Religion, taught, ftm to drink-, and he was humbly tf Opinion^ that if their d^ttn and Mithtr weuldfend thtm two or three Black-* T 3 fmiths iitnarics. '§ "?(' ■i''-' ' »■ I ^||:M S f; ' ■ pj- ?: : to Is-f ■■ Hj ra^;^,^ ■;rf IS.' ''' ' i ■ It j^ r .V ^1. 278 fthe Hi/lory o/'New-York. y«j/VAi /tf inJiruSl them in working Iron' war i^ in which *hty%U(rt very ignorant^ their People would be much more the better f it than for any InJlruSiions from fitch Preachers. He faid thij fo archly In his own Language, which was well interpretwl to the Governor, that his Excellency could not help laugh ing, and the D«ri<;n of the Miflionaries was fufpended at thaj time. ' I I fuppofe that very eminent Merchant and Magiftrate Sit Gilbert //^tf/^f<7/ above-mentioned, was well acquainted witk the Affairs of this Province, finding, among the Couw fellors, Caleb Heathcot^ Efqj of his Family as well Name. The Jndiam ftill pay a great Refped to their Kings; buJ I fufped very much what fome Writers fay, that they believd the TranfinigrationofSouht and talk as learnedly of the Crcal tion of the World as their Neighbours. They are everlaftlnJ Dancers, given to all manner ofJmerican Sports and Gamel ing, and will play all they have at Cards, which they have un^ happily learnt, as well as Drinking, of the Europeans-, and ^ am afraid, have fuffer'd more in their JVxorals by thefe two. Vices, than they have been better'd by their Preaching) They have certain Feftivals, or times fet a-part for theii Gamings and Dancings. They don't take much Care 0] their Drefs, in which they differ little from the New-Engkni Indians j but their Women differ very much from thofe botl^ of Old-England^ and New- England^ and all Europe, Wheii a Woman is with Child, fhe never admits the conjugal Em) braces till Hie is delivered, and never while (he gives Suck ll a Man diflikes his Wife, he turns her ofiF for the leaft Cfl fence; to cuckold her Husband is fo little a one, thatn(| Notice is taken of it, provided (he tells him or her Pareno of it. If (he*s tum*d out of Doors for other Crimes, fliJ carries away her Children in Revenge. Their Maids do no] long keep that Name, as we underftand it, they lie wit!( whom they pleafe before Marriage; but afterwards are con] ilant to the Husband, They give no Quarter in their Wars, but to Women 1 Children, whom they keep for Slaves; and, notwithftandio^ what we have read of their Wars in New-England, thofe a^ mong themfelves were rather Riots and Inroads. It wasi bloody Battle with them, if 8 or 10 Men were killed, andi mighty Prince who had 100 Subjeds. Then it was that w({ met with fo many Names of Nations; but then there wasg( nerally a fupreme King over feveral of them, who unite them againir ?. King of the like Charadter, when he was an bput making War ypon tbem. One of the Kings, that Qmi The Hijiory of New- York; 279 I J, Queen Annis Court, was of that Dignity j I faw them I ,!ia5 much as I had mind to, in the Hoafe where they lodg'd, \Cmnt-Gardeny and obferved that one of them aiTumed j^j Aira, in Comparifon to the reft. There are not ;y. . [5^0 Indian Men within the Province of New-Tor k^ and 8 S Eng. L ,0000 Englijhmen^ by which the Number of Souls Engll/hy n^ -»<* Lhin this Province, may be computed ^t above 50000. ''*^'*"»' niiereis not much Talk of Profelytes to Chriftianity in any MzEngliJh Colonies, except New-England, wh^-e there itemore Chriftian than Infidel Indians. Their Miniiters Lcrcin earneft, and made the moft of their Miflion. Not one of them undertook it for the Hire, or t®ok any or very liitle Hire for it, which naturally gave the Indians a favoura- hle Opinion of their good Intentions, and the Stridtnefs of Lir Lives were unqueftionable Proofs of the Truth of their Do^rine, and the Sincerity of their Intentions. I will not pretead to make any Comparifon between thefe and other IMiiliooaries, and Aiall rejoice to hear there is no Room for it. The Trade here in its Infancy was very large with the /»- '^r^'* \limiioxSkinSi Elk\ Deer^ Bear\ leaver yOtter\ Rac- land other rich Furrs, When I knew London firft, there Iwerc 30 or 30 topping Furriers-Stops in tf^albfook^ PVatling- jrttt ; ^nd I queftion whether there's now a tenth Part of them [itleaftrowellaccuftom'd, tbatTraifick is fo very much de- layed by -the DiTufe of Furrs and B€aver Hats. 'Tis almoft Ithe whele Dcpendance of il.e Frtnch in Canada^ a barren ICountry and wretched Climate ; and what elfe the Fren:h Ijind there to renddr them fo \yealthy and puiflant, as they are |i()inetimes reprefented, | want as yet to be inibrmed. As for ILumber and Naval Stot«s, 'tis no more to be compared to ^tin-England than HudfoH*s Bay is. The Indians fupply the Engiijh in the Summer with Venifon, Filh and Fowl very cheap. The Trai^c from New-York to |tbe Sugar Iflands, particularly Barbados^ which is very con- jliderable, is in Corny Flower^ Bread^ ^^ which Proijied foiling, as has been faid, the Dodor fo ftreightencd by it, th^ he refolved to remove to fdl'Jer/ey, and qiaDage his Propriety himfelf. Accordingly ■ Yet out ior the Weft of England, intending to embark at Mmafh, contrary to the Opinion and Confcnt of his Fa- Igily and Friends, whofe Hopes were not fo much flattered Expcdations from this Country as his own were. A Gcn- jian, who was a Friend of mine, went after him, at their {{(jueft, having great Influence over him, and overtaking \^ at Salisbury^ prevailed with him to return, and give over Dcfign ; which however he would not have done, had not tnet with foroe good Purchafers in a little time after, iio bought of him as much Land in JVeJi New-Jerfey as rpaid him near iooqc/. for in London, which, at zol„ 100 Acres, will amount to 500000 Acres. Sir Ihomas \tiiy afterwards Lord Mayor, was one of thefe Purchafers, \ all of them making the Purchafe with a View of getting Sales to under Purchafers, and not to go thither to plant to trade, the high Price they demanded to make their iatket by it balkt thefe Sales,and confequently the Settlements «i Plantations in this Country. There is, at this time, a ^celno lefs than of <;ooo Acres bordering on Cox'% Lands I Advertifmcnt for Sale. The moft Eafitrly Point in this Diftrid is Cape May, % • Mouth of Delazvare River, and over-againft Suffix Coun- (■^Penfylvania. A fine Situation for the Plealantnels and (Ttiliiy of the Country, and for foreign Trade. TheTra<5t [Land between this and Little Egg Harbour, which divides \iift and Weji NcW'Jerfey, ftill fcveral Proprieties, tho' one joyernment, goes by the Name of Cape May County ; but inojurifdidion nor Officers. Here are fevcral ftraggling poufes on the Neck of Land, the Chief of which is called WiHall, and does or did lately belong to Col. Thomas Cox^ jie Doctor's Son. Moft of the Inhabitants are Firtiermen, |iere being a Whalery at the Mouth of the Bay, on this, as as the oppoliic Shore. Next to Cape May is Mauna Uer, the biggeft in the Diftrid, Next to that is Cohenzyy Ifimli River; but deep and navigable for fmall Craft. Ten ' twelve Miles up the River is Cahenzy Town, where are Jt 80 Families. The Bay and River of Delaware wafliss {(lie South' Ea/i, South mA South- fVeJl Part of IVeJi New- \ff[tj. The Plantations, fome of which are fo clofe, that e/lttve alliimed che Name of the Town, lie all along on that 287 < ■^•Ai -it !} ■ •■\i K W I u ii. A.. t: > ■; !l) (?!, ' 'I r:t^ n ^'^' 288 Hie Hiflory of New-Jerfe.y fi m1 Ikf WHP mm H that Bay and River^ and moft of them on Creeh. ThI Diftrid abound^ with Rivers and Creeks, and every thij convenient and pleafant for People and Life, but not witi People. New-Tork on one Side, and Penfyhania on the t ther, fuck away the Nourifliment, \Vhich might elfe {^ this Plant, the Soil being equally fruitful, and all other Con veniencies anfwerable. * Antioch^ a little Village,' caird alfo a Town, lies on a Cr J Gibbon* s Creek is nearer the Mouth of Delaware River • \\1 Alloway Creek ; then Fort Elfembourg at the River's Mouth and over-againft NewcaJiU County in Penfyhania, Near i the River Salham falls into the Delaware. There's a Tov about half way up this River, from whence it takes Name, which feems moft likely to be Salem^ not only froi that noted in JVky-fi'w^/tfff^/, but being Scriptural, which wi pretty much afFcded by Adventurers in the firft EngUjhM tlements. 'Tis 20 Miles from Cohen%y^ and had Countie been, fettled, as was intended, this Place was to have give Name to one of them. FinH Point and Town, hardly fizcable with an indifFeren Village, lies over-againft NewcaJiU Town. Next to it Naman Creek, then Racocos Creek, then Almon Creek, ,_ Jfland, and Wajh Creek; the latter oppofite to Chtjltr\ Penfyhania-^ then Great Mante Creek, then WoodberryM ver, Gr//»-Bank, and then Gloucejier Creek, over-againf Philadelphia ; a delightful Country, healthy and commodio for the Bufinefs and Pleafure of Life. Gloucefhr is a prett good Town, and was to have given Name to a Counn had the Shiring of this DiftriiSt gone forwards. It contaii) above 100 Houfes. Above that is Panthakin Creek; the ■urlington, Northampton^ or Racocos River, and then Burlington Towj the Capital of the Province, over-againft Bri/lol, ia Penjji vania ; 20 Miles above which there are few or no PknJ tions. Here the Courts and Aftemblies of ff^e/i Jerfty M to be kept, when it was a Proprietary Government ; and? might have been fo ftill,had not Difappointment put fotne Pe fons out of Humour with others, and carried Matters to fuel a Hdgth, that their readieft way to Peace was to furreode their Rights and Privileges to the Crown. It contains ab 250 Families, and has an anfwerable Number of Acres la out for Plantations. The Houfes are well built, and ain all of Brick. The Market affords Plenty of all forts of Pn vifions, which are as good here as any where in Ammci Ketth^ the Quaker Convert to the Church of England, w turned from thence hither, and a Church being built, 1 Minifter was feccled here, Mr. Joifn Talbot, who had 60J a Year] Tffe ilifloty of Ncvr-Jerfcy. 289 I'lYegr; and the Church, I know not whether confecrated \^][(ith or Talboty had a Dedication to the Virgin Mary^ Loflf the People there were edify'd by it I know not. Above this Town is one much Ids, caWcd Maidenheady containing iliout 50 Houfes. Tis built on Dr. Cox's Lands. Above \^ falls there's a Town ftill lefs than that, with Out Plan-' Lww, bordering on the Afinifinis, an IndiaK Nation. The River jS/op"^ between this Province and Nnv-Torky flows !0 Hudfon*s^vr txncsiX King/ion. Tiiis Province has alfo an eafy Communication with Mary- ^4r Cunm y^ there being a River within its Limits, which runs not^J'JJ'Jj^, jbove 8 Miles from the Bottom of Chefeapeak Bayj and land mi ^ere was once a Projed to cut thro' it 8 Miles j but my Au-^«w-York, jilior fays, Virginia and Maryland oppofed it fo vehemently, tirdidnot fucceed; and what they fhould have it cut for, tiiere were People to make LJfe of their Canal, I can more comprehend, than how they would have raifed the oney to defray the Expence, when they had fo many more iceiTary Calls for it otherwife. Tiie Trade of lyejl New-Jerfey and Eojl New-Jerfey^ as Ifo the Soil and Conveniencies of Rivers and Creeks, are ich the fame, except that IVeJi New-Jerfeyy by its Situa- ]'!iQn Delaware "Rxstr^ abounds more in the latter. The I Air, Trade and Produ(ft of both have a near Relation ith chofe of Penfyk " ' ^ The Country yields Plenty of all f(s of Grain, and . (habitants are faid to have been (b upulous, that they would not enter upon it before they had chafed it of the Indians, at no very dear Rate. 'Tis^umherof iputed that they are about 16000 Souls, and about ^ooo inhaUtanu* len fit to bear Arms. There are not 200 Souls among the im of this Province. Indeed neither here nor clfewhere, (he Brittjh Empire, are the Indians of any Account, un- inCnojuftion with thcFrenchit Canada^ or the Spaniards Fkida. The Indians are now rather Help than Hurt to hiJifDy and here efpecially they wifli there were more theni. Befides Provifions for the Sugar Iflands, the Inhabitants IveaTrade in Furs and Skins, and little in Tobacco j but would be well if the Colonies cultivated that lefs, and Pro- ion more, or any other Commodities that are fit for Mar- j, which are much clog'd by the Produft of our To- icco Plantations. They fliip off Train Oil, Fifh, Corn and other Provifions for Portugaly Spain and the Canaries. may be built at Perth -^ but New-England engrofles that le, and has the beft and the moll Materials for it : And it be owned, that Ntw-Tork is the beft Market A/m- U J^rfe, f-'^^lwHi ■^ I ^^i H L if . » ^90 ^ Bifhty if New-Jcr%. Jsrfiy Iws for buying J9fi4 Miipg m CqnWers»Ue (Wi. of Goo(i5 of «ny kip4. ^ JHgying $nia>«i theCXfogisipluQa jwd Merandle Part our HiApry Qf this PcpwiG^ we mi&> enlarge a Uttle up tUeEyents. About i^e Year 1^74;, the Lir George Mackenzie^ Robert Barclay,!, rjj vcr,^ David Barclly,i''^^'y^^'^''' Robert Gordon, Elq; Mr. Robert Burnet, Mr. Gawen Laurie, Mr. Thomas Nairn, Mr. James Braine^ Mr. William Dockwra^ Mr. Peter Sonmam^ Mr. WtUiam Gib/on, Thomas Cox, Efq; Mr. Walter Benthal, Mr. Robert Turner, Mr. Thomas Barker, Mr. Edward Bylling. Who, with the fix Proprietors diilinguiflied in the k X^ift by thp Ajlerifms, procured a Confirmation of the ient, by another from the Duke of Tork^ in the Year \i\ by which they were invefted with all the Powers and Pn Iqges, which the Duke bad granted to Sir Gmgt Carh or which the King had graiu«d to hjs Brother. By t hifk wp jper«eiv^ tba$ aU ^ PAUimw of the Uti Bo Tie Hiftory ^N«w-Jerfey. ^91' uj pivifion, or Wtft New-Jerfey were Proprietaries of M iiiW'J*rfeyy except Mr. Nicholas Lucis ; yet they did jot procure any ConjundUon of the two Provinces. On Je contrary, feparate Govanoft were appointed over each nfthed. The firft Governor of £q/i Nau- J erfeyw as Ro- Robert Bk* ifft Bar^^^h ^% *"** ^^ Deputy Gawen Laurie, Efq; ^^y> ^M Among thefe rroprietaries are feveral extraordinary Per- olwen ua- joflsbefides the Lord Perth, as Robert Weji, Efq; the Law- rice, Ef^i L who diftinguiflied himfelf by the execrable Evidence he ^'^"'-''^^'^ [Lve againft the moft noble and moft beloved Lord RuJfeU eIa "isr^ IJj Aflertor of and Martyr for EngUpi Liberty* Here's ^/- Jcrfty. \lm P'"> '^* ^^'^ °^ ^*^* fakers in Bngla-nd, and ^e^^r* h^^f/ New-Jerfey^ furrender*d their Patents for the two feoai Government?, referving their Rights to the Soil and Sec xncncs. Queen Anne immediately appointed the' Lord Ca hury to be Governor, and his Lordflnp made the lateGoiL nor, Mf . Jeremy Bajfe^ his Secretary. The two Proving which had, till then, been feparate Jurifdidions, became uoil ed, and goes by thcNameof A^nw-y/ry&y, which is govcn like the Bugar Ijlandi^ by a Governor^ Council and AlFmbi The Governor choofes his Council out of each u^ and appoints a Lieutenant-Governor. I have no manner t Notion that the Value of Propriety roie upon the partji with the Charter j and this Colony, which is now annex'd 1 the Government of New-Torky is in much the fame Cone lion as it was 30 Years ago. A Year or two after the Sq render, Serjeant Hook purchafcd 3750 Acres of Land Weji Jerfey, ^and gave the tenth Part of it as a Glebe to tL Church. He was a Presbyterian ; but I fuppofe G/^ Ar is] confident with that Denomination as any other. So thoufand Acres is very ftxmding j but loa/. Stock in5« Scoy Anno 1720, would hove purchafed it. At that this Province was iJhder thefc Ofl&ccrs, E^ard T ord Vifconnt Cornhury, Governor, Richard Ingoldsby, Efqj Lieutenant-Governor. Letvis Morris, Efq; Col. Andrew Browne^ Thomas Revel, Efqj Francis Davenport, E(q; William Pinhorn, Efqj r Counfellors, Wtlitam Sandfordy Efq; Ceorge Deacon, Efqj Daniel Leeds, Efq; Col. Robert ^arry, Peter Sonmans, Merchant,. Secretary and Regifter Mr. Wtlliam Dockwra. Governor's Sccrcury, Mr. Jereny Balft* M ^e Hijtory ^Ncw-Jcrfcy.' Having mentioned feveral Parcels of Land to be fold in this Iprovincc, I Ml add, in the Weft New-Jerfey^ Pahatkunk (ieek 250Q Acrss. Paquais Creek a Branch of the Dila- mt. 1313 Acres more, 1250 Acres on both Sides of the (JJ, Upon the Side of Delaware Bay is a Parcel of 1 25 o Aa0) 2^ Teckhockangkunih Creek 2^00 Acres, more 5000 jlcres, and on the Branches of that Creek 2500 Acres, on Umian Creek 1250 Acres, and on ^«j/(iimiM7 Creek 1250 j^es. The Proprietors Agents are John Budd^ Efq; at ^tiver^ a little Town fo called, on the Creek H^ippany^ ijucbgave Nfame to it formerly ; John Acading oi Amweit^ ^fq; and Mr. James Steely of Philadelphia^ unlefs any laoge has happened in the Regency; '^eVtowinceof NeW'Jerfey having been fer feveral Years pjrt of the Government of ^«;-3^ri, the Climate, Soil, Pro- l^od and Trade much the fanle, it does not appear need- to enlarge upon it in a particular Chapter, unlefs more ex- rdinary Events had happened there. Confiderable Recruits jtofk have ai'i^ed^hbre ft6rA'£tifopi finccthle- fbiiner Ira- Eon, and'every Article of itsScatis and Conditibn i»inu(Jk jafed and improved, ^ich U as^ mucb as We can> (ay of in general. Of the Tfade of thi» Province and A^^n;- I, Governor /i/»»i^^ reported in therYear 1720, that they no Manufadhires there thait deferved mentibning, and tlieir Tradd confifted dlMefl^ iu Furs, Whaiebontfy Oil^ itch, i'ar and ProvifionSi , '" The Incrcafii bfthtt^TV^e artd^ Produce of this Province ly be judged by thdt 6f its Number of Hands, efpocially [(groes, which are ten times as many as when' thi^ Hiftbry Hrfl; publfdied, iMbmuch thttt- lately there was a Confpi* of the Slaves in Som&feU County on Ratiton River^ ich was difcoveif'd. Tlifey" intended tb get together at a le appointed, to murder* aH the white People there, and n to make their Efcaptf, M4th whtft Arras^ Provifiofts and ler things they could catpy with them, in order to go and :1c in fome Place of Security up th© Country. Abour 50 tiie Plotters were apprehended,' one only hanged, probably caufe they could not \^11' i^M afty more; they punifli^d le reft by cutting off" the l^s of (bme, and whipping. bte. This Provice is now a fe^arate Government ftoxo^iw-ytrki, nd the prefcnt Governor is Lewis Morriiy Efq; who had en fo unworthily treated' by Mt. Cosby^ as has been beforo. dated. U 4 fKt 295 0^ "' Sj- Pi:^ ;^-<| K ■a^ m--.^^^ ' •'< !:4 '.■ ( II- ' '-' ,.■)■.: ■'.■'! ^rift'ri'i ■i' \ ( 296 ) 1 THE -> , f ... . H I S T O R O F PENS Y L V A N I A^ m. TH I S is one of the moft confideraWe of mxAmt, rican Colonics ; and for the few Years that thj TnGt of Land, which goes by this Name, U been inhabited, none has thrived more^ nor i more rich and populous. The late Proprietary Mr. fp'illia„ Pen, was the Son of Sir JVilliam P*n, who commanded thj Englijh Fleet in Conjundion with other Admirals in the timj of the^«»7/>,whom Oliver fent with Col. Fenahies toHifpaniM tnd tho' that Expedition failed through the Condudt of f^f nables^ yet Admiral Pen is generally (aid to have behave well. He was a ftrong Independent, and fo continued till the Refioratien ; whos finding Religion ^nd Liberty at the Mer] cy of their Enemies, he very quickly made his Peace witli King Charlejy and his Brother the Duke of York j but hi] Son, the younger IVtlliam Perfy. bore his Teftimony againl the Church zi its very firft Appearance in Pomp and Power] He was a Student at Chri ft churchy Oxon^ when an Order an . down thither,after theKing was reftoredjthat theSurpIicefhoulij be worn, according to the laudable Cuflom of ancient tine It was a Sight then at Oxford, and young Mr. Pen having engaged the. Lord. 5p*;»f/r, his Fellow-Collegiate, afterward that great Politician, Robert Earl of Sunderland^ and foQ Other young Gentlemen, to join with them, they fell upoul theStudents that appeared in Surplices, and pulled themeveryl where over their Heads \ upon which both Lord ^im and Mr. Pen were fent for by their Parents to London^ and from thence went to France together, with Intention to traj yd frr two or three Years j but at Turin Mr. Pm received a[ Letter Tfje Hiftory o/Tenfylvania. 297 j^fro© hii Father Sir Willtam to return home, the Duke ^Yurk^ Lord High AUmiral, having pitch'd upon him to (oDimand the Fleet under him, and his Son's Abfence would ^ that time have been very inconvenient for his Family. But ^\\]0lam Pen did not long enjoy his high Scation, and dy- ing in the Weft Country, where he was born, was buried in jj^f/iyChurch in Brijlot^ having, in Reward of his Services, laJa Promife of the Grant of this Country from King '*«*''"'" i;yUs II. Sir miliam had a Kinfman, who was one oi^^^^'^ ^ firft planters at Nrw- England^ and it was, doubtlefs. Pen. frooi him that we had exad); and particular Information of tiie Advantages that might be made of Land's and Settle- DienK in this Continent of America ; but young Mr. Pen liiviflg filled h's Head with ^akerijms, did not for fome Years apply himfelf ftrenuoufly to folicit the promifed Grant, till at laft finding his Friends the Quakers were harafled all over England by Spiritual Courts, he refolved to put him- felf at die Head of as many as would go with him, and re- move to the Country of which he obtained the Grant in the Year 1^79. He gave it the Name of Penfylvania rometf/ Creek, then Pommontka Creek ; bur this upper Part of ^ Province being, as is obfcrved, thinly peopled, theVillag are not yet worrli Names. ■ Brijfol is reckoned. the chief Town in this County. If is 20 Miles from' Philadelphia^ and confiftfr of 70 or " Houfcs, and lies over- againft Burlington^ in JVeJl Neiv-Jtrk 3 " Ja Cuuity. The Hijlory of Pcnfylvania: 29^ kooted for irj MAls of feveral Sorts, built by Mr. Sammf \^funtir, SA eminent Planter in tbii Country, formerly » \]fici»i Merchant. The next Place is Ptnsberry^ on »Pcnrtfr>f, vifited L Manor, and was extremely well pleaicd with the Houfe, ■(Widens and Orchards ; the latter produced excellent Ptar^ \^%i and GoldM' Pippins. 'Tis feated in a treble Kland, \jtDtlaware running three times about it. The Houfe is llmilc with Brick, and Hands high and dry. There are 10 U u Auall Townlhips in this County, which fend 6 Mem* llien CO the AfTembly^ one of whom was, in my firft Edi- llion, Jofip^ Growdin^ Efq; who was then Speaker, and< 1^ indrumental in planting and fettling this County ; fmr Licb, and many other things, it is very much indebted' to his> |c^ and Services. Since that Edition I have had a Neigh- Ibour and Friend in his Son, late a Merchant at Brijid^ and Idow in T. i/ylvaniay and with Pleafure I repeat the Juftice I 1^ his Father when I wrote my Hiftory. The next County is Philadelphia^ (o called from that City, ph, ,aelphii Itk Capital of the whole Province. The firft Town in this Com>»tj, ICbunty is FrankforU as big as Brijtol^ and as well built. The llohabitants were at firft Swtdes and Dutch^ who inhabited fe- Iferai Places in Ptnfyhania, The Swedts fettled themfelves Ipoiily on the Creeks near the Frejhes'^ and 'tis amazing to liDe, that Swed*t and Dutch^ knowing what a fine Country swedes mi llitfcis from Hudfon*$ River Southward^ where Territories of ^u^ch htn. iLiDd might be purchafed reafonably, and the Government, [if not the Religion of the Provinces better than their own, liiiould not have been tempted, in all this time, to remove to thofe warmer, more fruitful and more delightful Ciimes. jThe Dutch planted near Oxford ; upon the Bay there is a ICburch oi England Congregation, and about 80 Families in [the Town. From hence we come to th^ City of Phila- itlphia, Philadelphia^ one of the beft laid out Cities in the World, Pi>.'J«'let- the Capital of Penfylvania-y and was it full of Houfes and In- ^^^' habitants, according to the Proprietary's Plan, it wruld be a Capital fit for a great Empire. As it is 'tis a l?rg.' City, con- ftdering its late Foundation, moft commodkjufly fituated be- tween two navigable Rivers, the Delaware and Seht^lkill. He defign'd the Town in Form of an oblong Square, extend- 7ht Pi^;, ing two Miles in Length from one River to the other. The long Streets eight in Nucnbep, and' two Miles in Length, h« i >. •i'. ^i mm rff llMii "4' "i 300 & 1 Kwnher of Homfei> 7k Hijiory o/'Penfylvania. he cut at right Angles by otncrs of one Mile in Lehtgti, and fixten in Number, all ftraight and fpacious. He left propeJ Spaces for Markets, Parades, Keys, Meeting-houfes (1 can't imagine why they are not call'd Churches) Schools, Hof.' pirals, and other publick Buildings. There were, yj^j Tean dgo^ a great Number of Houfes, and it encreafeseveryl Day in building, which are all carried on regularly, accordin*] to the firft Plan. The City has two Fronts on the Water 1 one on the Ealt-dde, hcing the Schuylkilly and the other] on the Weft, facing the Delaware^ which h near two] Miles broad, and navigable 300 Mileis, at leaft for ftnall Vef- fels. The Eaftern Part is the moft populous, on account of the Schuylkill^ which is navigable loo Miles above the Falls. We have obferved that each Front of the Street was | to be two Miles from River to River, as it was at firft laij out; but one cannot fuppofe it is finifhed in that Man- ner. The Street that runs along the Schuylkill is three-quar- i ters of a Mile in Length; the Houfes are ftately, the Wharis and Warchoufes numerous and convenient. This Cityflou, rifticd fo much at firft, that there were near 100 Houfes, great and fmall, in it with in Ie(^ than a Year's time, and it has | made anfwerable Progrefs, the Number of Houfes, at this time, being above 2000, and, generally fpeaking, better i Edifices than in the Cities of Englondy a tew excepted, and in thofe only a few Streets. Thefe here have large Or- chards and Gardens j the L,and on which it ftands is high and | firm^ and the Convenience of Cover, Docks and Springs; ! have very much contributed to the Commerce of this Place, where many rich Merchants now refide, fome of which are I fo wealthy, that they keep their Coaches. The Plan we have been fpeaking of was, by Mr. Peri'n Procurement, drawn up by Mr. Thomas Holme ^ who was appointed Surveyor- General of the Province, which is a very beneficial Place in thofe Provinces, where People come to purchafeand fettle, as they did and do in Penfyhania. Ships may ride here in 6 or 7 Fathom Water, wi[h very good Anchorage; the Land about it is a dry wholefom Level All Owners of 1000 Acres and upwards had their Houfes in the two Fronts, facing the Ri- vers, and in the High Street, running from the Middle of one Front to the Middle of the other. Every Owner of 1000 Acres had about an Acre in Front, and the fmaller Purchafers s)bout half an Acre in the back Streets, by which means the leaft had Room enough for a Houfe, Garden and fmall Orchard. Highjireet' is 100 Foot broad, fo h Broadjintt^ which is in rhe Middle of the City, running from North to South, In the Center is a Square of 10 Acres, for the State* ^e Hiftory o/'Penfylvania. 301 Ic^f^houfe, Market-houfe, School-houfe, as before hinted. •r|,g Ivfkmes of the Streets here denote the feveral Sorts of Tiniber that aris common in Penfylvanla^ as Mulberry-Jirett^ UsfraS'^reety Chtfmt-Jiretty IValnut-fireet^ Beach-Jireet^ iLttet^ Vine-Jireet^ Cedar-firert, There are alfo King' \LtU Broad-Jlreet^ High^Jireet. The Court-houfe is built I of Bricky and uncfer it is a Prifon j feveral Houfes on the \lffjixt worth 4 and 5000/. and 15 Ships hare been on the Stocks at a time^ fome Hundreds have been built there. The Cellars or Ware-houfes on the Key are made into the Uiver three Stories high. Here are two Fairs a Year, and two Markets a Week. It fends two Members to the Af- fcmbly. The Inhabitants being at firft moftly ^akers^ and fb they continue, it was fome time before there was a Church built after the Manner of England-^ but as foon as one was built, it was called Chti ft -churchy much better named than Chriflchurch from St. Boniface^ or St. Beckett &c. It had, in a few nears, a very numerous Congregation, and King William [order'd an Allowance of 50/. a Year to the Minifter, which, Lith voluntary Contributions, made a very handfom Provi- Ifionforhim. There are above 1200 of the Inhabitants that Ijreof this Congregation, who have for fome Years had the IBenefit of an Organ; and tho' it look'dand founded fl range Itothe.^wtf^^^'J at firft, yet they are now fo far reconciled to lit as to bear with their Neighbours having it without Grum- Ibling. Here are, befides this, feveral Meeting-houfts^ as Ifor the ^ahrs^ who are properly the Church, as by Lam M(Mi])ii^ being the Originals, the Presbyterians y the Bap^ Ij/?;, and a Swedijh Church. The Rev. Mr. Evans was llaiely Minifter of the Church of England Church, his Aflif- ant Mr. Thomas^ the Schoolmafter Mr. Club^ whofe Allow- ance was 50 /, a Year from the Publick, befides the private Perqailices of his School. According to the Plan, there is, in each Quarter of the Jity, a Square of 8 Acres, intended for the fame Vies as m Moorfields in London, Walks and Exercifes for the Citi- ns. The great Dock is form'd by an Inlet of the River %mre, at the South- Corner of the Front of the Wharfs, |ind has a Bridge over it at the Entrance; feveral Creeks run nto the City out of the two Rivers, and there's no City in Mand that is fo naturally accommodated with fine and jcommodious Canals than this might be very eafily. The (ey is beautifi^l, above 200 Foot Square, to which a Ship of (00 Tons mxy lay her Broadfide ; and as thefe furprizing Ad- ^ui^es have already render'd it one of the beft trading Towns Pi :;;'.! : M ■' \ *'■ Swfdi(h Ckurchftt M J02 ^^ Hijlory o/Tenfylvania: Towns in the Brttijh Empire outof £»ra^^, fo, in all Prd bility, it will continue to increafe in Comoaerce, Riches Buildings, till for Number and Msgnifidence it will have » 'Equal in America^ where the French have not, nor are lifc ly to have any thing like it. Here are almoft all forts Trades and Mecanicks, as well as Merchants and Pjanti Here the Affemblies and Courts of Judicature are held • the Bufinefs of the Province is chiefly managed, as in all C pitals. Here is a Printing-houfe, and a Gazette weekly pul liflied. In a Word, here are all things neceflary for an£«i lijhmanh Profit and Pleafure. At a little Diftance from Philadelphia is a pleafant Hii very well wooded, on the Banks of the Schuylkill^ called Fq, Mount. IVioco^ half a Mile from the Town, is a Swti\i Settlement, where the People of that Nation have a Mt[ ing-houfe for Religion. The Penfylvanians are &i cotnplai&i to Epifcopacy, that, tho' ^akertfm is, in fome fort, the Ri ligion of the Government, they will not prefume to call tht Congregations Churches ; but give up that Form to thol that confine it to Walls, and Roofs, and Floors that ha' 'been confecrated. The Swedes have another Meetini houfe at Tenecum-y but whether thefe Places are in Buckk ham or Philadelphia County, we have not learnt. Abington and Dublin are two pretty Towns in Philadelpk County J but the moft confiderable next to that City is d man Town, a Corporation of High and Low Dutch; th( are between 2 and 300 Houles in it ; Peach-trees areplanti all along before the Doors. The Town is very pleafant, very well cleared from Trees. Within Land lies Radnor^ finely fituated and well bi containing above 50 Families. In this Place is a Congregi tion of Church of England Men. *Twas at firft called An, Jicl by the Dutch^ who began building here, from the Ni of the River at Amjlerdam. There are leveral Creeks thefe two Counties, as Derby Creek, ^c, Amorjland between that and another namelefs Creek; from wheoi Chcfter paffing by Redloyer^ we come to Chejler County, fo calli Ctunty. becaufe the People who firft fettled here came for the oii Part from Cheflnre. The firft Town in it is Newton^ cc lifting of between 30 and 40 Houfes. There are above i Houies in Chejler Town, the Capital of the County, when a very good Road for Shipping, the Delaware^ on which ftands, being here three Miles over. Here are a Court-hoi and a Prifon. This Place is alfo called Upland^ and Church dedicated to St. Paul^ with a numerous Congri tion of thofe^ whom, excluiive of all other Chriiliaos, Tie Hifioty ^Ptnfylvanla. :3^ vl:'fm\. Qrlhulve, whoTe* Minifter was lately Mr. Htnry NlMh, lAConae paki hy the Socitty 50/. a Year. The School atfo Is upon the Miniftor, and is of fome Advantage to Xhere*s another Town called Chtchifter^ as is alfo the !"^ on which it ftands, which is navigable. It has above QO Hottfes 'r, the little Town of Concord has not fo many. he other T^w/j/^fp^ in this County are fmUl, but the Land (frji planted. Mar cm Hock^ four Miles from Chejltr, is .goundary of the three upper Counties, properly called uivania. Chejier County fends 6 Members to the Aflembly. gelow Chlchejier is a great Creek, which we may be fuse loogs to the Dutch^ by the Name that is given it, Bren- ,l„e. Here's Room enough to lay up the whole Navy of England, there being from four to eight Fathom Between Brandywine and Chrijiina is an Iron Mill; Qhrifiina Creek the Swedes had a Town and Plantations ; ly inhabited this and the other Side of tlie Delaware, call'd Nouvelle Swede^ or New Sweden^ by Rebie the French ieographer: It included Part of this Province and PartofJJjJ^*^** Ufj ; the Creek is large, but the Village inconfiderable ; 0' the Swedes had a Church here not long ago. Between iwndlhe next Creek is NewcaJiU Town, from whence the Ijoining County takes its Name. The Lands hereabouts are NcwcafU* lied the IVelJh Trail, and there are near 40000 Acres, plant- ^''"''^•'* and laid out by and for Weljhmen. 'Tis thick of little Town- ips, as Haverford Wejl, Merioneth, and others, *Tis po- ilous, and the People arc very induftrious, by which means is Part of the County is the beit cleared. The Inhabitants ive many large Plantations of Corn and Bread, abundance if Cattle, infomuch that they are lookt upon to be in as iving a Condition as any in the Province. Mount joy is a Manor that belonged to a Daughter of Mr. w, and here the firft Lime-Stone was dug that ever was found America. This whole Country is remarkable for its icellent Gravel, very rare to be met with on all the Con-. ent of America. |t fends 6 Members to the Aflembly. is inhabited by EngUJh and Dutch, and \^ the next Place Bignels and Trade to Philadelphia^ containing now ween 5 and doo Iloufes well builc. Here live and irive many Merchants and Tradefmen ; the Church has 9 ge Congrosation, moftly Weljh. Its Minifter was lately . ^QJt, The Dutch have alfo a Church here. The irt-boufe is for (be Magi(iracy, who do not want BuGneis. 'en Miles from it is St. George's, a pretty Village. I know how it came to be fainted ; for xhQ^uakers do not believe Cmmmtm, Xheo BUiMj;^ Creek, and over-againil it lies ^04 7S^ Hi/lory j/Tenfylvanial Kent Coun lies a little Ifland, called Rhodi I/landy in the Delaware, Vfhi there is lo Fathom Water. Jpaquanany Creek is honoud with the Name of a River ; it has a little Town fo calle the Country within lo Miles oi Newcajlle^ North and^ is its proper Signiory. The County fends 6 Members toi Aflerrbly. There's another Creek fo called, and they diftinguilhed from one another by North and South. 1 Inhabitants have built a Church ^ but I know not whether] ■ is yet endowed, or fupplied with a Minifter, tho* I fuppd it is. Faffing by Bombay Point and Duck Creek, we coa to Kent County, in which are Cranebrooky Dover^ MurdJi and Mifpelliven '"'reeks. Dover was formerly called St. %J Town, and confifts now of about 50 Families; 'tis lool upon as the Capital of the County, which is fettled like ^3 ginia^ not in I'ownlhips, but in fcatter'd Plantations. tJ Land is good, and this Shire is reprefented by 6 Membe in the Aflembly. Here is a Church of England Congreg tion. The Minifter was lately Mr. Thomas Cravjford^ vvll, had 50 /, a Year paid by the Society. It is in the Bay of J)) iaware, which is there about 7 Leagues over. Cedar Cre( is, by fome, dignify'd with the Name of a River. Tis w firft in Sujfex County. Mr. Pen gave it this Name, froil his Seat in that County in England. The chief Town] Lewes, on a Creek fo called, next to Plum Creek; it is band (om and large, ftanding on the beautiful Banks of a Rivj between the Town and the Sea, which makes the Harbour] Below this Place and the Mouth of the Delaware, is Can Hinhptn., or Cape IVilliamy and 20 Miles below that, Can James, the farthermoft Bounds of the Province of PttA vania. The Whalery we mentioned was at Cape IVilM Sujfex County, like Kent, is inhabited by Planters, whofePlaJ tations lie alfo fcattering, as fuiccd beft to their ConveninJ Every one of the fix Counties has a Quarterly and Monthl Seffions, and Affizes twice a Year ; there's a Sheriff for eacj They run along 20 or 30 Miles on the Rivers and Bays, backwards as far as they are planted, which is 20 Miles in foo Places. The Villages hereabouts are very thin, the EngUJh chufi to inhabit that Part of the Province which lies on the upp Rive; ; and fince their Settlement in Pen fyhania, thei)a/«| and Swedes have made very little Progre(s in their Plantation Nnmhtr «/ whercas the Englijh are increafed fo much, that there are bt inhatitMti. tween 80 and 90000 Souls of that Nation in this Colony, an of Palatines, Dutch, Swedes and French and Negroes, 10 a 15000 more. About three Miles below Letves*sCr&k\ the Line of Partftiofty which divides Ptn/ylvania iiomMoiA 3 " ' Im Suflex County. Tfo Hiftory ^Penfylvania. 305 ^l The Society of Adventurers we ihall have Occafion to jjijiik of hereafter, had a ff^alery near Ltwfs j but the IVhaleries Jthe Britijh Amtrica are now hardly worth mentioning. AstotheQimate, Penfyhania is, by its Latitude, at a ]\\iQCitmate ani Piliance fron) the Sun with Naples in Italy^ and Mont-'^"'' filiir in France, which Mr. P^», in his Account of the Country, very artfully obferved, to ftiew its Agreement with tjoof the moft healthy and pleafam Places in the Univerfe 5 Ixitit muil be acknowledged, that the Climates in the Con- ^entofJmerica differ much from thofeof the fame Latitude in Europe. Hudfon\ Bay and the Thamei, are much in the janie Latitude, with refpedt to the Sun ; yet the Thames is in a mild agreeable Climate, apd Hudfon*$ Bay almoft in per- petual Froft ahd Snow. Naturalifts can very eafily give the Rcafon of it : The Air here is fweet and clear ; the Fall be- mis aiwut the 20th of Oaober, and lafts till the Beginning q{ December-, Frofty Weather and extreme cold Seafons are ftquently 'cnown here -, but, as in moft Countries where ire fuch Seafons, the Air is dry and hungry. The River seafins. Dthware is fometimes frozen over, notwithftanding its Breadth. From March to June the Spring lafts j but the Weather then is mote inconftant than in the other Seafon, which it generally is in other Countries. The Heats are ex- traordinary in the Summer Months, July, Auguji and 5^^- my\ but mitigated by cool Breezes, which make them very tolerable. The Wind is Soutb-lVeJi during the Sum- mer; but generally North IVefierly Spring, Fall ard Winter, which blowing from the Frofty and Snowy Mour: tains, and Lakes of the Terra Canadenfis, is doubtlefe a ma'n Reafon of the exceflive Cold here in Winter. The Soil in this Trad of Land is, in fome Places, a yellow and black Sand, in others a loomy Gravel, in others a fat Earth, like the Vales in England, efpecially by inland Brooks and Rivers, where the Lands are moftly three to one richer than thofe that lie by navigable Rivers. There's alfo found ablacic Hazel Mould, on a ftony Bottom. The Earth is fruitful, fat and eafy to be cleared, becaufe the Roots of the Trees lie almoft on the Surface of the Ground. Some Al- lowance muft be made for Mr. P^f/i's Propriety, in the tempc- kg Defcription he gives us of the Country, We have enough of the Rivers and Creeks in it, and fliewn how commodious they are for Navigation and Communication. Among other Waters, Mr. Fsn names tne Mineral like thofe Waxtu* oiBarnet and Northall, which were in very great Vogue when he wrote ; bat will be now no Recommendation of the Place. Tbefe Springs are about 2 Miles from Phila^ ■ X delphia^ #1 % :\t '! .1':^ m IF "-VS .A: 'rilr I: ■.ft .; ^1 l^ilis; ^! 3^^ PraduH. Vrttt, Fruitit CfiAnt F^^iUltj. Atiimalu FavfL F!Jh. indtaQs* fhe Miftory tf PenfylvMMa.' aeiphUy at a happy Diftance for Watep-^mk^rs-^ but the Null ler of tbem i», fince chat, k' ii'd cxsreiwJy. Oak. The natural IVodoffc here arc Trees of almoft rfl {^^^ ak^ rt^ white and bladk j^, :fi^ft&, Spanijh 'Chefnu! Cedar, f^ialnut, Cy^refi and Swampy the moft durable of all. Here are Poplar y Gumwood, Hickory^ Sajfafras • and as for Shrubs, Snakeriot^ Sajfaperiihy Jalbp, Spruce and Cmn. berries. Mr. Pm is very panicular, and what follows is ex! adtly in the Idea and Sti'ia of a Proprietary, Grapr.^ PlmM StraivbtrrieSy Mu^berries^ fTainuts, Che/nuts grow njtursliy in the Woods ; and there are prc'-^ious Qu&ruhy jf (jxcelbit Peaches. Wheat J Barley y Oats, Rye, Peafe^ Beans^ '^'^^■^ta- hieL-. Mufmelons^ apples.. Pears, Cherri;Sy AfrkotSy Carrou^ Turl nips. Par/hips, Cabbages, Cvlwcrts, Po:^itoeSy liuJiJljestshk as Par/nips, Onions, Cucumbers, ^^linces, 6cc. (for there's e- nough) are in gr;eat Plenty here j as alfo Indian Corn, H-m-;,^ flax, &c. Tis commoHj from cnc Buflici of* Grain fown here,, to reap 4.0, often 50, and fometimci? 60 Bu.licV One Mr Edward J ones hati, for one Gnin of En^li/h Barley 70 Stali ,- and Ears of that Corn in his Plantation on the ScImI. kill', but there's no Dependancc to be made on fuch fort of Increase * Of Hvsng Creatures, there are, for Food and Trade, Dur the Elk^ as big as a fmall Ox, Rabbits, Raccoons^ Beavtr- Plenty of Oxen, Cows and Sheep ; of th;" lattet, 'tis com- mon for Farmers to have 4 or 500 in a Flock ; Horfcs, fome very good, and ftately enough. Of Fowl, here are the Land Turtle^ 40 or 50 Pounds Weight, Pheafanis, Heath-Birds, Pigeons, Partridges, Clouds of Black-birds, Swans, Geefe, Brainds, Ducks, Teal, Snipi, One would think Mr. Pen had made a CoUcdlion of all the mod tempting Produ(^ and Animals that one or many Coun- tries could fumifh him with, to enrich his Account of Pin. fylvania-y but, in the main, his Information is true, as I have learnt from other Hands. The Fifti here are Sturgeon, Herrings, Eels, Smelts and Perch i the latter caught in Abundance in Delaware Bayj and in the River, above the Frejhes, Oijlers, Crabs, Cockla^ Mufcles. There are alfo Rock-Sffat, Catjhead, Sheepjhtai^ and other Fidi, not worth naming. I fhall be a litde the longer concerning the Indians^ be- caufe, beddes his printed Relation, I had frequent Difcourfe witli him on that Head. The Indians, and this Defcription will ferve for all other Coutiaenc Colonies, are generally tall, Araight, well built and the Indians, b^ Ihe Mflory ^ Penfylvattia* Jo^ Igid-pjopoftioiwd. Their 'Complexion \i .bkck by Defigrt^ Ui»-(ifpfi*^ in England. They anoihc themfelves with Lgr's Fat olarify'd, and ufing no Defence againft the Sun L Weather, their SJcin is fwafthy or tawney. Their Eye is liitleflnd black. As to their Faces, Mr. Pen fays, The thick m and fiat Nofi^ fo frequent with the Eaft Indians and the Blacks, d^f «?' ctmmon to them; for I have feen as comely Eoropean-lifce i/^iK-w am-mg them ojf both Sexes, ms on 6ur Side hindea'i and truly anll^im^s not much more of the ff7?ite^ ,; / the Nofes offeveral of them have as much of the Rotnan. uinrheNofe and the Lip too, by what I havefincc feen of ijj, V of the Indian Monarchs, did not dcferve this Compli- ^' Of their Language he fays, it is lofty, but narrow^ SBC accent and Emphafisoffomeof their Words arc greac Ld fweer, as O^rockon^ R(tncocas, OriSfon, Shakameron^ bjyMjffrt, all Narpes of Places, and as fonorous as any in [//,, J then for Sweetncfs, they have their Anna Mother, m Brother, Ne'-ap Sin, and llfque Oret very good, Pom ad, how near Pain in French, which I nMntion only to |iii«w the Lufus Linguarum before fpoken of. I They wafli their Children in Water as foofl as they zraU^ythtiA* Iborn, and plunge them often in the Rivers when they are J'*"***** joung; thence come their ftraight and ftrong Limbs. An Mother would much rather venture the Cr^oW and kCrtpple, than give her ChiWren the Cold Bath toftraighen illrengchen their'Limbs, which the Indian Mothers harden ilfo by wrapping the Infant up in a Clout, and then laying it ^n a ftraight Board, a little more than the Breadth and cngthof the Child, which they fwaddle fafton the Board I make it flraight. This is the Reason why all the Indians m flat Heads. Thus the •UK . X 3 Mr. ^ ^' '^P. 1^: 1 ■ i' "' ' ■ *^' 'i. '!• t''. Li '- 1 r: u ' ■ ' ■ V^: '•i ■V .* r-*-?l|i 1 f !';4., f 1 :: ':%\ i t"> The Hijtary of Penfykanis. ml ii m i i^j^l^^ j^H ^' •'''JWBH KntBl |||^ n ■?•} '-''I^j ^^1 "i'it^mB i\^^ ' S'^jc^^^ \ '\''^*^ '«'' >k'jm^^ t * ji^QK Jf;i^M^y| Rt iIbI Mr. Pen had (bid acooo Aorts of hii Projjriety ^ jv^l Jftfffiirj ClaypocU Mr. Nichohs' A/hor^ Mr. P'AiVr^^ /i,.^ others, whd form-d a Comptnyy ^d Had'a Sttifia and a Siu of a Street fet out forthetn 'v\^ Philadelphia^ y»k)s .^g^ ^^ of Land in the City Libertfiw. ThC^ fet up a Wmneryf j Saw-Mill^ a Gh/s-hou/e, and i fFhaltry^ of the two latil I fuppofc, they never made any great Hand, The Ptoprij tarics Conditions of Sale wche thefe. Buyers purchafed jfj Landltfirj} the Ratc of 20 /. for looa Atfres^, fo that hepUt +oq/. in $ft4 wtr Pocket imincdiately ; but thatf was a Triflfe to- w^mt went o] of it for the Grant and Experimontlj to people and lectle rj Country. The QuitRertit v/as ]|[» or it^ Viiuc forc/j, 100 Acrefe. This was cheap enough;, but I ttiink the i^ ten were not fo well uffxi'i for they Wdro to pay ^ Acre j'early. Thus thefc 20000 Acres which he fold \\ Company would, if rented, have brought him 1000 i[ Year. Since that tirae, the Value of Land is fo much rif that I have been credibly inforn^'d it has fold for 20 Y«, Purcharc,at feveral Milei DIrtancefk>mPAi/tfrfif/;^*/ a., .lear Gains to L-ni; and, by the Coming of the Englijh^ this Peltry Trade Lcartc fo proftcablle, tht« they were foon in a Condition to L(t«r rheir manner of Houfing, and Clothing and Living, as im (lid very much, and are now, in thefe Articles, as well iccommodated as ^tEuroptan Peafantry in many Places. VVhen the Province began to be a little planted, almoft to Le Mouth of Delaware Bay, 'twas laid out into the be- Le mentioned Counties, in order to choofe Reprefentatives Ld eilablirtt Courts for the Diftribution of Juftice. The Lginal Draught of the Conftitution for this Province was, ^" i^'>«f'»'i. idc by that great Lawyer and Patriot Sir William Jones^ Id by it, the Gcvtrttor and People have a Legijlatin,e Power. I Jir WtlUam Janes had too much Underftanding, Vartue and Honour to mrow the People out of the Queftion, when JAtir Religion, their Liberty, their Propaty, their well-being in this World and the next, were fo nearly concerned in it. mlato can be bete made^ nor Money ratfedy but by Confent Utkt Inhabitants, The Rights and Freedcm «/" England wen me in Farce there. They were to make no Law again/i Alle- \imte^ and then they might ena£f what Lojvs they plenfed \kr thi Good, Prcfperity and Security of the Province. Mr. \fn held two General ACTenrblies while he was in the Coun- try, and with fuch Unanimity and Difpatch, that tho* they \rdt Laws by the Scores, no lefi than 70, yet they had Idonc their Bufinefs in three Weeks time. How often has it Ihppencd in our own Country that 70 long Afts of Par- lliament could not have been once read in that time, much Ikfs debated and paft after three Readings. They prcfcnted the Proprietary with an Impoft on certain iGoods; but he remitted it, which was artful' enough, to iiavc a thing given, on purpofe to give it away again to Ithofe that gave it. He eftablifliM Courts of Juftice in every [County, with proper Officers. Truly one would think the llaying out Shares and Diftrifts in this and other Colonies, Iwas for the Sake of making Offices^ for, as yet, a Number (of them could not be wanted, if they are now. To pre- Ivcnt Law-fuits and Contention among this paflive People, [there were three Peacemakers chofen by every County Court, [in the Nature of common Arbitrators^ to hear and end DifFe- [renccs between Man and M^n. 1 cannot think that any X 4. Conftitu- f I 't'i I ■ m >■ \ ( • ,\ik:iiV m'^ '! ^ ■ I'll )!■ 312 7be Hijlory (?/* PcnfylvanU. Conftitution upon Earth is the more pcrfedk for rcjedlngfudi ^ Jrbitrators \ but that it would be of very great Advantage in the Pradicc of the Law, whatever it might be to Pradtitioncn which, in fuch Cafe, fceras not to be worth Confideration! Every Spring and Fall there's an Orphan'; Cou.i in eadj County, to infpedt and regulate the AfRirs / ffU^.u/i Orphans. Mr. Pen was vifited by the Kings and Queens, and ^^reai Men among the Indians^ of whom the grcateft did not thini himfclf too good toeoon the Proprietary's lirrand, if helia^ thought fit to fend nim. Both the Dutch and the ^vutdti within Us Ju|irdi6lion, were very well pleafed with hij Coming and his Condudl ; and there were, at that time, i moft as many Swedes and Dutch in Penjylvania as Englijh, Mr. Pen ftaid here about two Years, till he H^ fcttlei things to his own and the People's Liking ; he then returnci to England^ to forward the Affairs of the Propriety there he had done here. He was generous and free of his Though and Expreflions, which were not always fufficiently guarded and after the Revolution, he became fufpeiled, on Accoi of his great Accefs to the abdicated King, who, whei Duke of Tori, had given him a good Part of Nova Bit^ia r Pen iM which mcluded the Jerfeys as well as New-lerk. Whatcve CouuJ "' Favours he had received from that King afterwards, mon than good Looks and good Words, I know not- but] know the People thought they were great, and he himfdj took no Pleafure in undeceiving them. 1 fliall digrefs a litdq in a Pafftigc en this Head, as near as I can in hiii ov Words. *' People generally believe, faid he, that King Charltt was governed by his Brother the Duke of Tirk^ in hi] moft exceptionable Meafures; but it was the quite cod trary. I have had it from the Duke's own Mouth,^ his Brother has often propoied fuch and fuch things td him to propofc in Council, which he has done to pleafa him , and altcrwards, when the thing has been difreliOi'c and caufed Complaint, the King by his Emiflaries tnad^ it believed that his Brother put him upon itj for, con tinucd Mr. Pen, tho' he afttded Negligence, and to plajj with his Dogs both at Church and in Council, noPrinca ever gc>vern'd more according to his own Opinion m Wi!)^ nor was more politive than he was," I imaginej this Reprcfentation of the Matter, with rclpctt to the Kii and the Duke, will bethought partial on the Sideofthd latter, and that Mr. Piu had afledtcd the Duke more thaij his Bi other. He certainly did not affcA King IVilliam as could very eafily prove. ^ Thel Kfr Fa (( cc <{ cc It. tl u (( (( 7;&^ Hiftory of Pcnfy 1 vania. 3 1 3 I «^ Government of this Province being taken out of Mr. c*i Fietchw L^, Hinds, on Account of Difaffeaion, his Majcfty King^'**'"'"'- ji gave it to Col. Fletcher^ who was afterwards Go- ^^NetU'Tork\ but as Mr. Ptn had ftood by thcj^/i- "jQ the late Reigns, they ftood by him in that King's, J by their and their Friends Intcreft, he recovered the ■L of Nomination to the Government of liis Propriety, p be gave to Capt. Blackwell^ an old Republican, who jjcfli Pay-mafter to the Parliament's Army. The Secre- Capt. Black- Cy was iVilliam Markham^ Efq; the Prefident of the Coun- well Oovet' thmai Loyd^ Efq^ the Surveyor- General Mr. Thomas""' Wms. Mr. Blackwell govern'd the Province with equal udenceandSuccefs. It thrived apace ^ its Inhabitants and immcrcc encreafcd j they fell into the Tobucco Trade, and I became fo confiderable, that 14. Ships have been laden J that Commodity from Penfylvania to London^ and other Its of England in a Year ; but it has not lately been fo ch cultivated, and it is no Matter whether it ever be a- yirg'mia and Maryland have more than Tobacco e- for all the Markets' in the World, which have been too much glutted with it ^ confequently thofe, who, the future, fall into that Trade, will do them Hurt, /ithout doing theuifelves Good ; and the Penfyhanians^ hy Tobammt ding Cattle, raifing Corn and Provifions, Lumber and '"** /"''>'<' hip-building, and by any other Schemes of Traffick, which*'"' ay be likely to turn to Account, will have a better Chance ) taakt Profit of it, than by running into a Trade that is llready overftockt. This has been a very great Overfight I the Sugar Colonies, where the Planters, thinking they could vcr have Canes enough, and that they fhould never want Dv thing elfe, negle£led Cottony Cocoa^ and other beneficial ^rodudts, which would have been raifed with fewer Hands, Dd by taking them off from Sugar have given a Check to lijnmoderate Produce of it, which woula have kept up the ce, and confequently made the Commodity more valuable home and abroad. Capt. Blackwell was Father of Sir nhtrt blackwelly Envoy Extraordit^ary from Queen jinne Icveral Courts of Italy. His Suc^eflbr in the Govern- taioi Philadelphia Wis Thomas Loyd, Efqj whofe Admi- Lo°J"£r • liftration was as fuccefsful as his Predeccflbi's j but he did Gndnor? ;long enjoy it. Upon his Death Mr. Pen appointed his >Jephcw, Wtlitam Markham^ Efqj to be Governor, or ra*W'"n» her Deputy-Governor, for the Proprietary himfelf was Chief ^^"jj^^^;^ Wnor, and he went thither in Perfon in the Year 1(^98. vtmor. There being no Perfecution in England^ the fakers here bund the Country begm to be lettled with People who came V' !i- mm m 11 « I ."1 l'h\dt I'Ji W^td SH The "Bjht ritjv, were againft itt their ft ciples not allowing th^m^ the OJ% of Arms, BttQdes Ajch a wrong way of Thinlcing' is unwowhy theliamj Fi-ittciplcsk The Quaker s^ chemfalvesj, noc long boibre Fen^s iJacond Voyage thii!h«r, dtdf vwy readily ftiil ». an armed Fcffce ; for a Sbi{y o<^ ehisiRs being taltea by ] rates, they hired Men, and fupply^di them wirh^ ^ajmuniti and Fire- Arms, to^ recover their Sbip from the Pirates. fioW, in the Caft af the Militia, fuch as were of anotii Ojiinion, were allowed to trtfin i^emfelvcs, and t&lce fu Miitary Gare for their Defence, as con'fiiled with the Pe of the Country. The political Affairs of the Colony dt. What they moft objedted againllj was the beft thi) in that Conftitudon, the Eleftion of Officers by M They faid they were EngKjhmeny and not bound to give thj Votes in Huggermother j their Faces and their Voices fliod always go together, and accordingly the fai\ Ordier of < vernmont was broken in upon in the moft eflcntial Partj it } upon which, Faftions of Courfe cncreafed, and Tumii followed^ to the great Dilturbance and Detrimtni of tl| Colony. This Mifchief was not at all leffen'd by the Pread ings of Georgg Keith, whom we have mentioned in J(rf\ who to make an Augmentation to his extraordin. ry M«i threw off' the Garment of ^akerifm^ and put on a SuFplig but before he received the only regular and infallible Qkh tion at home, he broach'd here Tenets that were very i from being orthodox in the ^aktrs Eftabliftimenr, ftichl ,.^RiUSf Common- Pr ay tr and Ceremomts, HoHdap and fik nifter, imfri-ntents, &c. for which the Government here took hold /"'W'ft him, and threw him mto Prilbn ; for MV. Neal feys, *' Tl . ** fakers themfelves confels, that a turbulent provokingO riage to the Government we lie under, rojuires thcNi tice of the civil Magiftrate; and for this Reafon fined and imprifoned Gtnrge Keith, and c bliged him i leave the Province; and I am of Opinion, it \ merely for Crimes againft the S»te, but for his new Doci c^ine, which had like to have made a Svhi/m among them. Hon George Keith, thi trthodcx Ml « (C (?^ Hiiiory of Penfylvania. 3 1 ^ kflF can this bel made out, that the Quakers, who mEng- are S^chijhkHicksy Ihould be the Orthodox in Penfylva- \cA GiOfgit' K^thy who 9/QS Oyt'hoiiox in England, be a J/jfo/Zt'/f in P^Jj'hania ? V( Orthodox attd Schtfmaticks are je alternately by Eflabliftiments of Countries, and not ilterably by the' Rule of Faith in all Countries, the Scrip- I think the Terms have little more In thecn than the jjf. Pen rettirned to England in the Year 1701, having Jibe better of the Lord Baltimore in a Law-fuit for the ir!' 3i6 m^ ->!«: -"i' H f MMik % iC ^e Hifiory o/Tenfylvania: The People's Hearts here, and every where elfc in Amirican Continent, .were much fet on Mines, and P^», in the Account he gave of the Country, faid Earth abounds with MiniSy Samplers of rmji Sorts ofoi having been taken up in every County. What he adds is certainly true j no Country in the Woi^ Is better ftored with Rivers and Creeks, moft of them nav gable for Ships of Burden, and all of them for fmall Crafi and iho* the Mines here, and thofe at Carolina y are byi means like the Defcription the Proprietors gave of then ycc if there's fuch Plenty of Iron-Stone or Ore here as talk'd of, they need not want the Profit of Metal to enric them. I take what follows out of a Letter Mr. Pen wrotl me: " We confume about 180000/^. yearly of Emli] Growth, and return of our Productions diredly, and bl way of the Iflands, what augments the Revenue of thl *' Crown 50000/, The Highlands of F/r^//?/tf and A/ar ** land are very profitable, having moderate Hills and larg ** Vales, full of Springs and little Rivers, emptying them] '* felves into the two great Rivers Sufquehanagh and Dilai ware, where Ships of the largeft Burden may ride, ij Length is about 300 Miles, its Breadth 200. AH Pro vifions are reafonable, bur Labour dear, which makes jg a good poor Man's Country, Husbandmen and Mechanick getting 15 and 20/. Wages /)t>r Annum for their Work] befides Diet.'* Such as Cai penters, Smiths, Joiners, TayJ lors, Shoemakers, Cartwrights, Shipwrights cannot wand Work, there being always many Ships on the Stocks here] tho' not fo many as at New- England. The Trade of all thd Britijh Continent Colonies is much the fame, efpecially to ths Sugar Iflands, which from Penjylvania is very confiderablej m Corn^ Flower^ Uread^ Beef^ Pork^ Bacon^ Tallow^ Leather^ Starch , Stavi'i^ Jtieidifigy Boord^ Bricks^ 8oap\ Shingles^ Jpples^ &c. Finding thefe Particulars in the Bar\ bados Bills of Entry, I meniion them as being thereby veryl furc of the Truffick, IVine from Madara and the Azom\ are imported here j but not in fuch Quantities as in the] Iflands, where they have not the Drinks to ilipply the Place I of Wine, as in New-England, Nrw-Tork and here; Cyder, Jieer, and Ale being plenty, and for Goodncfs equal to our bed: middling fort. Negroes fe'l here and in the other Con- tinent Colonies very well; but not by Ship Loadings, as] they have Ibmedmes done at Maryland and Virginia. The! Trade with England from hence is the fame as the i Trz6€ of London and the Country, and differing in nothingj it need not be repeated. The Englijh here want and buy ' all! i< (C «c cc The Hijiory o/" Penfylvania. I ^ Commodities that the Englljh do at home, which .[he moft part may be faid of the IJJand Colonies alfo. I I'lie Troubles that befel Mr. Pen^ the Proprietary of this pnce, on Account of his Propriety, in the latter Part of I Life, are of too private a Nature to have place in a jjck Hiftory. He trufted an ungrateful unjuft Agent J much with the Management of it j arid when he ex- y to have been thoufands of Pounds the better for it, nd himfelf thoufands of Pounds in Debt, infomuch that ^vas reftrained of his Liberty within the Privilege of ■ fleet, by a tedious and unfuccefsful Law-fuit, which, jther with Age, broke his Spirits, not eafy to be broken, render'd him incapable of Bufinefs and Society, as he jwont to have been in the Days of his Health and Vi- jir both of Body and Mind. [Kothing remarkable happening in Penfylvania in the fol- ^ or 7 Years, we fliall infert tht Lift of the chief cersintheColony in 1710, - 3»7 & 1 M. i ^ Members of the Council. 01am Pen, Efq; Proprietary. Col. John Evans Lieutenant-Governor. iiu/ard Shippen, Efqj Samel Carpenter, Efq; William Trent, Efq; fbomas Story, Efq; Uard Hill, Efq; William Rodney, Efq; I hhbjexfy, Elq; • • ■ Jmei Logan, Efq; -J Jofiph Growden, Efq; Speaker of the Affcmbiy. %mas Story, Efq; Mafter of the Rolls. Willim Clark, Efq; Edward Shippen, Efq; Jo/(ph Growden, Efq; miliam Gue/i, Efq; Col. Robert ^tarry. Judge of the Admiralty. hmuel Carpenter, Efq; Treafurer. Jama Logan, Efq; Secretary to the Government. K, Lnuiher, Efq; Attorney- General. Ptter Evans, Efq; Regi|ler. Mr. Edward Pennington, Surveyor- General. Utrt AJhton, Efq; Clerk of the Peace for the Town Comtyoi Philadelphia. } Judges. I The Office of Surveyor General is now managed by the dcr Surveyors, accountable to ihe Secretary. I find I \ 1 ' k"' k'T. ;•■'■■ z i ^; [M I .1 i--'t Vt M >iH ^ 1 17 1 S. 9 1 8 ^e Hi/lory of Petixfy Ivan ig. William I find no Governor between iCol. E'uam and WtWu. Sl?r«.5^' ^^/V;^, Efq^ afterwards Sir Jf.illiam Kchh^ .foimeely Sutveyo ""x-jTe! General of the Cultoms in America^ who^was very acceL ble to the Inhabitants, as appears by the Addrefies to hiai In 1718 died Will'iam P£r Head on all new Comer] Ke» Comers up'^o which he thus reflcdts: " We have had fo tnanl tax d. *' Vcflels from Ireland and Scotland, loaden with Paffeng 1729. - ^Colonies and horae, of which (he jng Particula#s were fcnt from Penfyhania. " Scfce ■M it began m a Srore-iioufe, among Rigging; others, in iCopptt-^'^P- ^even lai;ge Store^houfes under one long fttKjf on a Wharf, all belonging to Mr. Fijhburn^ were fbfuddenly in Flames, that it was impoflible to favc much of the Goods in richer of them. From chefe a vaft fileofSmves tc^olc fire, which fo cncre? red the Heat, that there was no coming near the Place. Many lefler Piles of Staves and wooden Buildings were fo nigh, that ill that End df -the Town was in imminent Danger • but the jyjnd was low. Two Copper (tops in Kingjireet, at the Weft-end of the Stre»t, communicated the Fire t» two new Houfes of Mr. FiJhburn'Sy and at the fame jifliefpread the Flames a-crofs that narrow Street to Mr. YilAurn's Houfe, Mr. Plumjitd^s new Houfe, and Mr. Dicitnfon's large fine Buildings, all which were reduced to Allies, except Mr. Plumjied's^ which is not wholly Mwy'd. Many Gentlemen have loft confiderable Quan- tics of Goods and Furniture by this Fire and Thieves. veral Gentlemen have taken this Occalion (for People ould not be moved at another time) to make a Col- leftion of Money for better Engines than we now have, for good Buckets. 319 i : I :lU lociatun is Year the following Declaration was publifhed, relati«g ^j^^^ Currency of the Credit- Bills in Penfyhania : ** Where-^*'" f^'t^'^f divers Adts have been paffed in the lower Counties 2J*"' ipon Delaware for the EmilTion of Paper-Money, a con- iderable Part of which, in the ordinary Courfe of Trade, daily brought into this Province; and altho* the Crc- lit thereof fubfifts on an equal Foundation with that low current in Ptnfylvania ; yet its Circulation here has in a great mealure unhappily ftop*d, to the Difcou- igement of Trade, and Breach of that good Agreement ought naturally to fubfiil between the Inhabi- nts of thefe Counties and thofe of this Province, up- !i Pretence that the Bills of Credit will not difcharge be Engagements to the Loan- Office bf Pertfyhania j yet, nafmuch as the -receiving the part of the prefent Cur- ency of' the faid Counties in all Payments, will be no nconveniency to the Borrowers here, and to the End that he Value of the faid Paper-Credit may be kept, and the jrue Defign and Intention thereof, viz. that of a Medium Commerce,' fully anfwered, we whofe Names are un- it dcr- ^!l- m 1! 320 cc «( Major Gor- don GoVtT' nor. The Hiftory of Pcnfylvania. ** der-written have agreed, and do hereby promife " oblige ourfelves, every Man for himfelf, that from " after the 15 th Day of January inftant, we will ace ** and receive in all Payments of Money, now due to us hereafter becoming due to us, on any Account whatfoevl one fourth Part thereof in Currency of the faid CounJ '* as the fame is now eftabli(hed, and ftands limited to *' Sum of 12000/. promifing farther to do what in us 1 towards abolithing all Diftindbion between the (aid c] *' rency and that of this Province, | The AfTembly now fitting, paffed the following ^i which the Governor. fignedj which Governor we itnagi muft be Major Gordoriy for we find him fo to be in 175' ^aspafs'd. j£i for regulating Pedlar i and Vendues^ &c. ASi for better enabling diver i Inhabitants oftheProvinct Pcnfylvania, to hold Lands,, and to invejl themfelvei with] Privileges of natural-born SubjeSis of the faid Province. Aci for lending the Sum of T^coL in Bills of Credit building a Prifon and Court- houfe in Lancafter County^ M A Supplementary A£i to an A£i of AJfembly of the ?r J entitled^ an A£i againji buying Land of the .Natives. 1 Aii laying an Excife on all fVine^ Rum, Brandy andnt Spirits f retailed in this Province. j ASf impoftng a Duty on Perfons ccnviSfcd of heinous Cni and to prevent poor and impotent Perfons from being imm into this Province. 1 ASffor continuing the Encouragement for raifing good M and iwpofmg PenaUiss on Perfons manufa^uring unnurchai tie Hemp into Cordage. This A61 (hews us that fbme Progrefs had been imdcl the Manufadure of Hemp, and great Pity it is, that prq Encouragement has not been given for the raifmg of in the Britijh Colonies for Manufadtur e, and fliipping which would complete our Supplies of Naval Stores fromi American Provinces, and free us from any Dependance a Balti i Tra^e for them. Haviiig mentioned a great Number of People trai themfelves firom Irelan. md Scotland^ we think it prop explain that Matter by the following Lift. •r'.' i-^' ,it ■-■■»' I ' T!' 7he Hiftory ^Penfylvania. of Paffingers and Servants landed in Peniylvania, from Chrijimas 1728 t» Chrj/imas 172^, 321 j^„0 and J^el/h Paflengcrs Scr\rants — — — jrijb Paflengcrs Servants Scsts Paflengcrs Servants palatine Paflengcrs — Servants 199 6i 92s 230 000 43 245 000 In f^ewcajfle Government have been landed about 4500 Paflengcrs and Servants, chiefly J'450o from Ireland, •* In all 6208 The Law which taxed new Comers was in a ftiort time ei- jier repeal'd or fufpended, and the Penfyhanians were fo nfible of their Miftake in that Law, that they encouraged . Kir coming as much as any other of the Colonies, and ac- brdingly have received thereby a farther Increafe of the In- "/S'* [bitams through the whole Province ; which Increafe will ar more plain by the Bills of Mortality for the City of Yliikdelphia, by which it appears that 24, Perfons were buried }i of that Town in the JVlonth of May, befides 10 Ne- oes; that Month being generally one of the wholefomefi: (onths of the Year, we may compute that at le?ft twelve nes that Number, viz. 488 white Perfons, and 1 20 Ne- -'^"w^^'' «/ IS die in a Year; and if we take the common Calculation, ij^p^^'^eu (itonein thirty die every Year, or the thirtieth Part of the Jhia. opie, we mufl reckon the Number of People in that bwn to be 12240, which Col putation makes the City of liladilphia to be near as big and populous m :^q City of fitir, 3n the iith of Auguji^ '*'3''» ^^'^'Ham Pen^ Efq; Son 1751, I Heir to the late Proprietary Pen., arrived at Chejierin this ^'■' P*" '*'"■ pvincc, a I was received with great Mark^ of Honour, "*"' cation and Efticem by the whole P'-ovince; many of I went r i 1, <.» 1 1 . . 1 J ' , l1£tM ,i'^ ''Vx-}:<' L-i f^ P "^'^^B m k 1 ^ ill M r #4 rf ft 1' 1 LcMi^ue with f/^< Indians. '7JJ' Jflsnii. l^e Jtiftbry ^ Penfylvania, V exprefHng their Satisfidion at feeing the Son o^ fb worthw Father, v^ho h'ati eftablifhjt! fo juft arid well-r^ulatcd a o] vernment, which will be a perpetual Teftimony of his Wifdo and Prudence, as well as of his Benevdcnce to Mankind Soon after his Arrival he met with the Heads of the fiv now fix. Nations, who had met the late Governor Kthh Albany fbme Years before, and the ancient Chain of Frien] (hip with them was renewed. Upon which large Prcfen were made them on the Part of the Government, Confiftino, Blankets^KettlesyGunsyPowder^Shot^ &c. and the Proprieti Mr. Pen prefented them with 6 Guns, curiouQy wrought i Stocks inlaid with Gold, as a Mark of his Afredion one i the King of each Nation. Thefe Nations were then in Peace with the^r^flf^i,; French Indians j but they had a little before fent to forli their going on with a new Fort and Settlement which th were eredling at Crown Point, and advifed them to remo from thence, left their Proceedings (hould occafion a Rn ture. This we take to refer to the Incroachments tnentiod by Prefidcnt Van Dam oi New-York^ in his Letter to Govj nor Belcher oi New-England before- mentioned. In February 1733, we have an Account that there wa very great Froft, the Ice was 15 Inches thick, and River Delaware was quite faft, except a little Opening | fore the Town ; the Froft in the River Skuy!kill was brd up by prodigious Floods, occafioned by heavy Rains, andj melting of the Snow on the Mountains, whereby the Rh rofe feveral Inches in a Minute. By thefe Floods Tii growing in the low Grounds, 01 a Foot over, were torn by the Roots, and the Ferry- Boats, and a great deal of j Caufeys were carried away ; fome Perfons and feveral were drowned, and a great deal of other Damage done, ticularly by the Flakes of Ice, which were piled up fo, in Tome Places it lay above three Yards high. T >•«)<»>««»■ rj««»t«* 'v .-^.i k..'.V«.jp .■ ■««i*i-«»* •■ •Jul»<. <<■> ''h' ** i^ri*«i«*:* .-■' .^ ■.■3»*m>, u-; :U.V!A.'i-V- .•---■laa s&^ ! 1,) »"* (< .*' IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 ■» Ui 12.2 ?•» i^ Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WIST MAIN STREET WIISTIR.N.Y. 14SS0 (716) •72-4S03 '^ 3^ -■»^;«,k4lrH•<«^.W«U• i*.Jl>*.mi>Uim-Ptm^itH*.^:i/^V :i&iii.',,',^~:.C i.yjiMiiii '-' '":«~w» -. Letg i flM ... J 'V f^ I v> (^ k I y.J. ?ciu M^ .s nj H V^ H V«-.i^ ?q pj 'fl Pi fn (fil ( 323 T THE HISTORY OF MARYLAND, CHAP. I. fontalnlng an Account of its Difcovery, Set* tlement, Progrefs, and prefent State. HIS Province was always reckon'd a Part of Virginia , till the Year 163 1, when K.mgCharlet made a Grant of it to George Calvert s Lord Bal» timorey of which ve have made fome mention I the Hiftory of Virginia j when and by whom 'twas difco- r'd, will there be feen. George Lord Baltimore not living {fee his Grant made out, his Son Caciiius Calvert ^ Baron of k'more in ihe Kingdom of Ireiand^ took it out in his own ne, and it bears Date the 20th of June, 1672. Wfi not better afcertain the Bounds of this Country, than by king ufe of the Words of the Patent. *Tis all thai Pari U Peninfula, fyit^ between the Ocean on the Eajly and ihi |j«/Chefeapcak fl» the JVeJi^and divided from the other Part \niht Line drawn from the Cape calFd Watkins Point, me In the aforefiud Bay, ne^r the River of Wighco) m I Wefl^ unto the main O^i^ftn en the ^oft, and between V Bound on the South, unto that Part cf DeliV/irc Bay on ]A5w//;, luhich ^es UTuUr the ^{Oth Degree of Northern La^ p, &c. Jnd all that Tra^\f I^ttd from ihi aforefaid * Y 9, Bay Hull *«. 324 ^e Ulftory and there were computed to be i($oo(i Souls in Alary land^ (o long ago as the Year 1665. All the Indian Nations about this Province fubmitted td the Lord Proprietary of Maryland^ and put thcmfelves undc his Prote(^ion ^ fo that in the Year 1 6(^3, one Naocajfo^ wbj waschofen Emperor of Pifcattaway (that is, he was advance to an Office of more Authority than the reft of the IndlA Kings or Werowances) was not thought to be abfoluteiy com firmed, till Mr. Charles Calvert, now Lord Baltimortj ap] proved of their Choice. | The Lord Baltimon was at a vaft Expence to bring tbij Province to its prefent Pcrfedion ^ and allowing for his Par] tiality to the Roman Catholicks, which, in a great meafure belpt tQ lofe him the Governtnent of it, he behaved himlel| with fo much Juftice and Moderation, while he kept thd Power in his own Hands, that the Inhabitants lived eafily and happily under him. They flouriHied and encreafed in Nuo ber and Riches. He procured an kGt of AiTembly, for Lii berty of Confcience to all Perfons who profefs ChriftjanityJ tho' of different Perfualions. By which nieans ProteiiaJ Diflcnters, as well as Papifts, were tempted to fettle there] and that Liberty having never been infringed in any manner] is a fcvere Refledlion on thofe pretended Proteftants in otheJ Colonies, where Difleaters have been opprefs'd ^ while here] under a Popifli Proprietary, they enjoy'd all the Rights, Lil berries and Privileges of Englijhmen, as far as the Laws per] tnitted them. But notwithftanding all his Lord(hip*s Care to prevent an]{ Rupture wich the Indians, when they were at War with th Virginiansyihcy committed fome Hoftilities in the Year 1677J on the Eaft-lide, and killed four Men and a Woman neaf Nomani, which put the Colony in Fears of farther Mif chief ^ however that Cloud blew over, thofe that did th^ Mifchief were punirti'd, and no more Blood was in the Qiiarrel. While the Lord Baltimore lived here, married one of his Daughters to Col. Diggs, a Gentlemaij of the Country, of great Intereft in it, and a conliderabk Merchant or Fador alfo. But when the Lord Propietar removed to England, he did not appoint him to be Deputy] but put in mother Gentleman, whole Name we have no been able to learn, nor that of his Succeflbr, in whofe tia the Government of England tcx)k from the Lord baltimri that of Maryland. And we nr,u^ obferve. King Jamti II] intended to take it from him bvvtQ*^ the Revolution, inilig *nbf Hiftory of Maryland. led to it by F»ttwr PeUri. What Reafon that Jefuit had to L the Lord Baltimore fuch a DiOervice we know nor, and Lould have thought the Agreement between Father Ptuts U this Lord in Religion, light have influenced the Prieft Lore in his Favour. But 'tis very certain that he was the irftlnftrument of the Lord Proprietary's lofing the Govern- Unt; and perhaps the Court might think, that as much i] the Papifts were favoured in Maryland, they might hope for more Favour from a Proprietary of their own perfccuting Principles. The Lord Baltimore might have expcdbed more Lnjuftice from a King of his own Religion j yet his Patent Ljs then queftioned, and 'tis ftippofed the Prerogative of Uming a Governor would have been taken from hira, if Kin^ Jamti had not abdicated his own Government. After the Revolution, this Lord had no Reafon to look for any thing but ftri6t Juftice; for 'twas known he was not a little IimIous in oppoling it. King ^»///fl'w 1H» of glorious Memory, being fettled on Uc Throne, the Steps that were taken for annexing the Go- wrnment of Maryland to the Crown in King James's Reign, were with much more Reafon continued; and after along Udexpenfive Difpute at the Council Board, the Lord Bai- llirne was deprived of that Part of his Power, and the King appointed Sir Edmund Andros to be Governor of Maryland^ who called an AlTembly, which in the Year 1692, pafl: an Aft to recognize King If^illiam and Queen jl^a;/s Title i jnd there having been great Confufion in the Courts of Ju- dicature, by reafon of the Alteration in the Conftitution of the Government in Maryland, an Adl paft, to make all the Proceedings at Law valid, except where there were any Errors in any Procefs and Pleas. It provided alfo, that the Year 1690 and idpi ftiould not be accounted, concluded lind meant in the Statute of Limitations. We find Sir Edmund Andros did not adt fo inofFenfively as I might be wiflied in a Governor j for when Qo\.* Francis mchoJfin, whom King William appointed to fucceed him, ametothe Government, in the Ad: which pafl: to eftablilK imd ratify all Adtions, Suits, Caufes and Proceedings in all Courts, ^c. And all Officers, Civil and Military, for, in, or by reafon of any legal Ading or Proceeding in their re- meftive Offices and Stations, from the Accefs of Sir Edmund Androfs^ to the then Governor, Francis Nicholfon, Efq^ his Arrival, any Claufe, Imperfedion, or want of Authority in I the faid Sir Edmund Andros^ or his Commiffion notwith- iding, there is this Provifo ^ Provided nothing in this A£i \^llju^i/y Sir Edmund AndrosV ta^ng and dijpofwg of the publiiik. 331 J t "Si J I 332 72^ Hifiory ^Maryland. piibltck RtvinutSy or debar the Ajftnikly^ or any elhtr Ptrfn] of thtir Right or Claims to the J ami. ' The Government of this Province is now the (ame witi that of the other Colonies, which are immediately unde the Crown ; by a Governor made by the King or Queen Council named by the fame, and an Affembly chofcn by th] eleven Counties. The Lord Proprietary dill enjoys the Pro] fits of the Province, arifing by certain Revenues granted w him by fcvcral Aflcmblies, as a Duty on each HogOiead of Tobacco exported, and other Incomes ; which, with tW Sale of Ldnds uncultivated and unpurchafed, amount to I confidcrable Sum yearly ; and the Duty of Tobacco increafJ ing, as that Producfk incrcafes, 'tis probable that Revcnud will one Day rife to a very great Sum. Bclidcs this, tW Lord Baltimore has a large Plantation at Mettopany ^ and id the Whole, his Eftate and Intereft in this Province arc vej well worth his Care to maintain them. About the Year 1(^92, the Lord Bidiop of Londan appointJ ed Dr. Thomas Bray to be his Commiflary in Maryland. Thai Do(flor went over thither to fettle the Churches, accordinji to the Rites and VVorlliip of the Church of England. Fo? by an Aft of Affembly in the fame Year, the eleven Countie were divided into thirty Pariflies, (ixtcen of which are fupJ ply'd with JMiniflers, who have a competent Maintenanca fettled upon them, with Glebes and other Advantages. LiJ braries are fix'd, and many thoufand prad^ical and devotional Books have been difperfed among the People, by the ailidu ous Care of Dr. Bray^ who (laid there two or three Years. Belides thefe Churches are feveral Chapels, and the Num- |?er of Papifts and Diflencers are not inconfiderabie. MrJ George Mac queen and Mr. Robert Keith h^ave been employ'dl by the Society for propagating the Gofpel in foreign Parts! to advance that good Work herej but 'tis faid the ^wa/fdrJ and Papijis equally ob/hu£i it. I A very ingenious Mjvi, who was in this Provintie in Col.| Kidoljhn's time, fends this Account of the State of it to the Royal Society : ** The Inhabitants of Maryland are govcm'd by the fame Laws as in England^ except that they bavcj (bme Ads of Aflembly relating to particular Cafes, not pro.! vided for by the Laws of England. The Church ofEnN ** land is pretty well eftablifhed among them ; Churches are} •* built, and there's an annual Stipend allowed to every Mini- *' Iter, by a perpetual Law ; which is more or lefs, accord- ** ing to the Number of Taxables in each Parifli. Eve7| ** Chriftian Male i() Yerjs old, and Negrpcs Male and Fe. •' male above that Age, pay 40 lb, of Tobacco to the Mi- [' nlfter,! C( The Wftory o/' Maryland. hfliler, which is l«vy*d by the Sheriff among other publick 1*1 Revenues, and this makes the Revenues of the Minillers, rone with another, about aooooM. of Tobacco, or loo/, I" Sterling a Year. It has been the Unhappinefs of thif |> Country, that they had no Proreftant MinillcrR hardly a- ' Biong them till Governor NicholfotCs time (who has been [••a great Promoter and Encourager of the Clergy) hut I" now and then an itinerant Preacher came over, of very Ploofe Morals, and fcandalous Behaviour; k. that what Y with fuch Mens ill Examples, the Roman Pricfts Cunning, '' and the Quakers Bigotry, Religion was in a manner turn'd "out of Doors: But, by Col. Nicholfoti's Protedlion, the I" Face of it mended, and the orthodox Churches wero |« crowded as full as they could hold. The People grew fen- •< fible of the Remijh Superftition and the Enthufiafm of the " Quakers, infomuch that their Parties, joining now both " together, are very inconfiderable to that of the Church of " England. Indeed the Quakers ftruggle hard to maintain « their Footing ; and their Teachers (efpecially of the Fe- Y male Sex, who are the moft zealous) arc very free of their " Reflexions and Scandal againft theorthodoxDivincsandPro- Y feflbrs. The People here have not yet found the jivay of aflb- " ciating themfelvcs in Towns and Corporations, by reafon of " the Fewnefs of Handicrafts- men. There are indeed feveral " Places allotted for Towns; but hitherto they are only titu- " lar ones, except Annapolis^ where the Governor relides '' Col. Nicholfon has done his Endeavour to make a Town I" of that Place. There are about 4.0 Dwelling Houfes in it, 7 or 8 of which can afford a good Lodging and Ac- |''commodations for Strangers. There are alfo a State- "houfeand a Free-School, built with Brick, which make ''* a great Shew among a Parcel of Wooden HouCes ; and the Foundation of a Church is laid, the only Drick Church in I" Maryland, They have two Market Days in a Week, " and had Governor Nicholfon continued there a few I*' Months longer, he had brought it to Perfedion. Col. Nichoi/en mightily promoted the Advancement of Re- gion in this Province, as did his SucceCTor Col. Nathaniel \B(ackiJlon, with whom the Country, tho* healthy in itfelf, ' not agree, and he was forced to return to England for I the Recovery of his Health; in wbofe ftead her Majefly way pleafed to make Col. IVilliam Seymour Governor of this Pro- vince, who^ in September. 1703, embark'd aboard the Dread- vmgkMxa, of War, which, with others, was appointed to convoy tht Virginia' and Maryland outward bound Fleet j {but being Separated from the reft by Strefs of Weather, the Governor 333 \:- V t /■ I id m in md 334 77je Hiflory of Maryland, Governor put into Barbados^ where be arrived the id February. The Ship was forced off the Coafts of Mank by contrary Winds, and did not arrive in the Bay rill ^Z or May, 1704; fo that Col. Seymour vzs near 8 Months ii his Voyage, which is commonly made in 6 Weeks. Thi Governor has given general Satisfaction to the Inhabitanis, and is indeed a Man of Honour, worthy the Poft her Majell' has been pleafed to continue him in to thi^ i.me. It cannot be expeded that we ihould be able to give a; perfed an Account of every Colony, as we have done ol NeW'England^ Virginia, Carolina, Barbados, and feme O' thers. Our Helps have not been at all equal, tho'ourA plication has. Thofe Gentlemen to whom we applied, wlioi could have given its full Information, and neglcded it, an. to anfwer for what is iraperfed in this Hiftory of Maryland which is however the largeft that has been publiflied; and had we been better fupplied with Memoirs, we ihould have given a better Account of this Colony, which we confefs deferv'd it. The Gentlemen concerned in it will excufe us, when we tell them we have done our beft, and in another Impref- lion (hall enlarge in our Hiftory of Maryland^ if they will tranfmit us ^Materials, to enable us to do it. We kept this Account backward, in hopes of fuch AfTiftance; and perhaps theie Gentlemen will be as angry with themfelves as with us, when they fee how induftrious we have been in the Hiiio- Ties of thofe Countries that we were fully inform'd about, and what a Figure they make in the Brltijh Empire in Ami- ricay where Maryland is fer from being the leaft confiHerable Portion of it. *Tis true it does not increafe much in Towns, and thofe that are honoured with the Name, would not pals for any thing but little Villages in other Countries. This, as has been hinted in Virginia,- is the Humour of the Inhabi- tants, and all Endeavours to bring them to build and fettle at Annapolis, or IVilliamJiadt, have been inefFedtual. Thofe two Towns are not bi^er than they were, if they hold to be ib big ; and there are Villages in Penfylvania, which may vie with them for Number of Ho^ifes and Inhabitants. The Lord Baltimere difputed at Law with Mr. Pen for the Propriety of that Part of Penfylvania, known by the Name of the Three Lower Counties, as if it had been included within his Patent for Maryland-, but Mr. Pen has maintain'd his Title, and 'tis probable will always maintain it againftthe Lord Baltimore's to thofe Countries. Penfyhania has lately endeavoured at a Tobacco Trade; but Maryland mi Vir- ginia will hinder the Progrefs of any other Colony in this Commodity: They liave bcea ioDg.feuledjinit, and can make enough ne Hiflory ^Maryland. Ijjiugh to fupply ill the Markets irt the World ; and their ^(Wig this Traffick wholly prevents their falling into that l^pitiVifionsfo much as New- England^ New-York^ PenJyU \^ and Carolina^ which Provinces may flourifli by that f^ideand Manufadhire, and leave to Virginia and Maryland jlirrtaturil Trade; for by their long Continuance and Per- in it, it deferves that Name. ^ C H A P. II. Containing a Geographical Defcription of the Province of Maryland ; an Account of the Climate, Soil, Produd, Animals, Trade and Inhabitants, Eng- lijh and Indian. I HO' we have given aiarge Defcription o^ Virginia^ and the Bay of Chefeapeaky and have alfo fee out the Uiids of Maryland, as we found it bounded in the Lord |PfOprietary's Patent ; yet having had, fome Years fince, a opiete and diftind Account of both Provinces from an tnious Gentleman, an Inhabitant of the Place, with whom Ichave been long acquainted, the Reader will be better isfy'd to fee what he fays, than to take it from us : Such B is the Defcription communicated to us by Mr. PhiU- \ Lloyd of Maryland ; " The Colony of Ftrginia and Pro- ' ?ince ef Maryland are .fituate upon the Bay of Chefea- ^ flaky whofe Mouth or Inlet is between the Capes call'd Cape Hinry and Cape Charles, and yet fo as neither of the Provinces is placed on one particular Side, but are both of them on each Side water'd by that commodious y, which divides as it were in half both Governments ; fo that Part of the Colony of Virginia is on the Weft- Side of the faid Bay, and the other Part on the£aft-Side, the Bay running through the Center of them. The Co- ' Ibny of Virginia on the Weft-iide of the Bay, is divided itam Maryland by the great River Paiowmecky and on the Y Eaft by tik River Pokomaak, whofe Head lies near the f Seato the'Eaftward. The Boundary of the Province of Ma^yhnd ht^m at the River of Patswrntck, and runs ' itdRii 'i\kt Bay^ide Northwards, till it interieds a Line ;dn»lDi >W«ft fMim the Mouth o^ Maimrt Bay, iituate cc m 335 ►.i m ¥t I 1. • '\m> I ^ "l ih \ 33^ 7T!)e Hiftory ^Z' Maryland. cc I! in 40 Degrees North Latitude^ having for its Bounds the Weft high Mountains, and on the £aft the faid b] TheEaftern Side of the Province of .M?ry//«»-//r«n l-n i< 338 'ITfe Hijlory (>/ Maryland. jfnapolis,' which was fcrmcrly call'd S^vurny and by , AA of Affirmbly, 1694, was made a Port Town L •Colleiaor and Naval Officer wore order'd to reiide the] ^the Name of jimpolis was then given it. The Coul Court vias removed to this Place, a Church was order'd] 'be built within the Port, which was made .a Parifli- and! the Year 1^99, the Voxt oi Anapolis was made the cJ Scat of Jufticei within this Province, for holding Aflembl «nd provincJal'Courts, and all Writs, Picas, and Prucefs -turnableto the Provincial, or to the Court of Chancery wd 4nade returnable to the Port oiJnapcUs. All Roads Jead] through any County to this Port were, by another M vAflcmbly, oi'der'd to be marked on both bides wiih t| Notches on a Tree, and where the Road to /iKqpclu brd *6fF from any other Road, it was to be diftinguilhed on •Face of the Tree with the Letters >/. r \W\ !«; 1? 340 7y(^^ Hiftory of Maryland. Labourers, and has Commodities to barter for Tobacco, other Goods, ther« being lird? Money in this Trovince, a, little Occalion of any, as long as 7>)bacco aiiiwers all i\ ufes of Silver and Gold in TraHe. 1 here are few Merchan or Shop-keepers, who may properly be To call'd, ws me who are not Planters alfo, but live wholly by their Tradi The Tobacco of this Province, call'd Oroomko^ is ftrono than that of Virginia^ and no Englijhman^ who has noJ very Coarfe Reli(h in his Smoke, will bear it ; yet 'ti J profitable to the Planter, and to the Trade of the Nation general, being in demand in the Eaftern and Northern Pa of Europe^ where 'tis preferr'd before the fweec-fcented 1 J bacco of James and York Rivers in f''i>gima. The Plante in Maryland finding fo good Vent for their Commodity foreign Markets, have cultivated it fo much, that thePrd vince is thought to produce as much or more Tobacco thJ that of Virginia. The Soil is here at leaft as fruitful, til Country being a large Plain, and the Hills in it fo eafy Afcent, and of fuch a moderate Heigth, that they feem x\ ther an artificial Ornament to it, than one of the Accidents ( Nature. The Abundance of Rivers and Brooks is no litt) Help to the Fertility of the Soil j and there's no GraiJ Plant, or Tree, which grows mVirginiay but thrives as wd here. The Produd, the Animals, and every thing is tH fame here as there, only the black and yellow Bird, callj the Baltimore Bird, goes by another Name in Virginia. bad that given it, becaufe the Colours of the Field of tli Ixjrd Baltimore's Coat of Arms arc Or and Sable. If the Reader has the Curiofity to know more of th Country in any of the Particulars mentioned in the Title i this Chapter, let him fee the Hiflory of Virginia on the fan Heads, and there's nothing there which may not alfo befaij of Maryland^ except it is added here. The Air of the two Provinces has the fame Agrecmentj and if there's any Difference in the Health of the one Couij try and the other, ^iV^/»/<7 perhaps has the Adyaritage. Th Province of Maryland however thrives in a great Degrc tho* 'tis the younger Colony ^ and that is a plain Proof < the Profit of the coarfe Tobacco, preferable to the fwecij fcented, or rather that which is fold to a foreign MarkJ turns to a better Account every way, than what is made fo| a home Confumpcion with more Labour and Cofi^ and h&. with lefs Gain. - -h ; The Number of Ships trading hither from EnglanA^ an^ other Parts of t^atEngltJb Dominions, were computed to ' J 00 above 30 Years agoj and \^ may imagine how tmi Hoe Hiflory o/' Maryland. 341 •f^ jore there come now, from the Increafe of the Inhabitant?, L were then calculated to be itfooo, and are now judg'd [„(,£ 50000 Souls. The Lord Proprietary had a Mint here, Lcoin Money ; but it never was made ufe of. ^10 i^c Indians, their Language, Manners and Cuftoms L(hc fame with thofeof^/V^/wm. At the firft fettling of mr^land there were feveral Nations of 'em, govern'd by tty Kings; but *tis thought there are not now 500 fighting len of them in all the Province, if the Account Mr. Hugh jaw tranfmitted to the Royal Society of it be true : For Ir. Gliruer, who fome Years before fent the fame Society Account of Virginia, fays, The Indians in the Lord Balti- L';wth. rc'j Territories, at the Head of the Bay, where the Eng- ^^'' '• f' ^wtre later feated, are more numerous, there being 3000 of»hhf"7o2. Mjlill in fome Towns ; but thefe being in continual JVars Witach other, are like jhortly to be reduced to a /mall Num- t • which juftifies Mr. Jones's Relation of their Number in mrjhnd, fince in Mr. Glover*s time there was not above 000 Indian Souls in all Virginia j out of which one cannot kon there were many more than 500 fighting Men. The ne Mr. Jones gives us a large Account of feveral things in lis Province worth Notice. The Bay of Chefeapeek, which runs N. by /^. about 200 . [ib, or more, divides Maryland as well as Virginia, into Parts, which the Inhabitants of the two Provinces call le Eaftern and Weflern Shores. The Land is generally iv on both Sides ; no Hill that is to be feen^ of is known i]f them 50 Yards perpendicular ; but above too Miles Teftof them, towards the Heads of the Rivers, the Ground fes, and appears in very high Mountains and rocky Pre- piccs, running North and South; from the Top of which Man may have a clear Profpedl: of both Maryland and Iritnia. All the Low-land is very woody, like one continued Foreft, 10 part cleared, but what is cleared by the Englijh ; who 10' they are feated pretty clofe one to another, cannot fee idr next Neighbour's Houfe for Trees. Indeed 'tis exped- 1 that 'twill be othcrwife in a few Years ; for the Tobacco rade deftroys abundance of Timber, both for making of lofheads and building Tobacco Houfes, be&des clearing of round yearly for planting. ^ The Soil of Maryland is generally fandy, and free from [Stone, which makes it very convenient for Travelling, and lere's no Occafion for (hoeing their Horfes, except in frofty leather ; and what with the Goodnefs of their little Horfes, id the Smootbnefs of the Roads, People, upon Occafion, Z 3 can II y\ 1 ■ ■'h #^-ii M ':m ,/r 342 jk iilftory of Maryland. can travel 50 Miles m a Sutntncr*s Afterhboh, and foirietimc 100 Miles in a Day; but then their Miles are not accountci lb long as in England. The rich ana plentiful Gifts of Nature adcj much to th Happine/s of the Place \ the three Elements aftoVding Pfcnt of Food for the Ufe of Man, as Deer, Fowl, both Wan and Land j and for the Preferyation of Health, many exec lent Herbs and Roots, the Dffcovcry of whofe Virtue chiefly owing to the Indians. They have Timber of feveral krnd*5, good for Buitdini and of them feveral forts of Oak; as Red, White, Blad Chefnut, Water, Spanifh, and Line Onb (which laft beai St Leaf like a Willow) Cedar white and red j the latter fcrvi only for Pofts and Ground- fels; the white to rive or fpHt int, Boards, that being the freeft from Knots, and goes undc the Name of Cyprefs, tho* 'tis falfely fo lerm'd. There' a Tree call'd Cyprefs, which is extraortfinary large in Bulit and bears a Leaf like the Senfttive Plant. 'Tis foft, fpungyj will not rive, and is fit for no Ufe. Their bl.ick Wain is mightily cff eemed by the Joiners for its Grain and Ci lour. There's a fort of Poplar that makes good whiti Plank. 'Tis a large Tree, and bears a Flower like a Ti lip. They have Plenty of Pine and Dogwood, which is fine Flower bearing Plant, Saffafras, Locuft, aTreeofquic Growth, and very durable in Building. Hrckery, of vvhici there are two forts, red and wliite i the latter ferves chiefl for fire- Wood, being the beft for that Ufe. There's a] bundance of Chelhuts and Chinquapines, another Specii of Chefnuts; a fort of Elm like a Dutch Elm; and the Si gar mentioned in the Hiftory of plrgihia, as well as othe named' here. In Maryland is a kind of Elder, whofe Biarl is clofely guarded with Prickles, likfe a Briar. The Tulij bearing- Laurel and Myrtle of feveral Sorts, one of whici bears a Berry that is work'd up irt th6 Eaftern Shorie to a kim of green Wax, very proper to make Candles with, if mix*! with Tallow. The Humming-Bird and MocRi'ng-Bird are the mo: curious Birds m this Province, ^s Well as in the next; arii the Rattle- Snake in both is the moft rtoted of their Ri tiles. The Air is now more wholeibm than form6rly, which pn cccds from the opening of the Country, the Air having b} that means a freer Morion. The Summers ndw are not ex treme hot, as in the firft feating ; but their Winters are ge nerally fevcre. The North-Eaft Wind is then very Hiarp and even cools the Air very much in the Heat of the Summerj 4 whei 7%e Hijoryt of Maryland* a fuddcn North-VVeftern Blaft too often ftrikes their ^ourers with Fevers, if they are not careful to provide for "by putting on their Clothes while they are at work. ' ;f?'s little or no Woollen Manufadure followed by any iuiC liihabitants, except what is done in ^omerfet County : fobacco is their Meat, Drink, Clothing and Money j noc thit they have both Spanijh and EngUJi) Money pretty fltyj wh!ch ferves only for Pocket-Expences, and noc (bt Trade, Tobacco being the Standafd of that, as well with itPiantery and others, as with thq Merchants. Their cpip- j)D Drink is Cyder, which is very good j and where ic is Lhtly order'd, not inferior to the bell white Wine. Th«y [iveWine brought frotn Madeira and Ao//, Rum from vkdos^ Beer, Malt, French and other Wines from Eng- There's Plenty of good Grapes growing wild in the ^oods, but no Improvement is made of them. .\toft of the Indians live on the Eaftern Shore, where they live two or three little Towns : Some of them come over to 1 other Side in Winter-time, to hunt for Deer, being gc- jally employed by the Engliflj. They take Delight in no- elfe, and *tis very rare that any of them will embrace ie'Chriilians way of Living or Worrtiip. The Caufe of eirdirainifliing proceeded not from any Wars with the£»^- IK, for they have had none with them worth fpeaking of; from their own perpetual Difcords and Wars among nfelves. The Female Sex alio has fwept away a great lany, infomuch that their Number is now very incon- ierable. One thing is obfervaWe in them, tho* they are a People timorous, and cowardly in Fighr, yet when taken Pri- irs, and condemn'd, they will die like Heroes, braving \a moft cxquifite Tortures, that can be invented, and fmging I the time they are upon the Rack. If we have at any time mentioned the fame thing in two veral Provinces, we have taken t\\ poffible Care not to jiiefcribe it but in one, that the Reader might not be tifed wth needlefs Repetitions. But it will be obferved, tha^ ive7 Nation of thefe Barbarians has fome particular Cuf- sms, which diflinguifh ''em from the reft j and to make ieHiftory of each Province as perfeft as lay in our Power, ife have, as far as we could, defcrib'd the Manners and uuftoms of all of them. We have nothing more to fay of his Colony, and fliall conclude with the Names of the Go- kernor and Council, as in the former ImpreDion.j 343: m Dr.. Z 4 Col t:: m 4: .:■ % t I 'm .* ♦. 344. The Uiflory of Maryland. Col. IVilliam Seymour y C '>vf rnor. 'fhomai Tineh, Efij; Samuel Youngy Efoj John Hammondy £fq; rrancis y/»i/»j, Efi^j Edward Loyd, Efcn miliam Holland, Efq; Kennelau ChittUton^ Lfq; tVtlliam Cwrcy^ Efqj Thomas Ennalsj E(q^ Robert ^arry, Efq^ Thomas Grinfeildy John Contetf Mfim\)W pf the Councfl, Secretary to the Government, Sir Thomas Lawrence, Speaker of the Aflembly, Mr. Thomas Smithfon. ^aval-Officer at Anapolisy Mr. fVilliam Bladen. :x\ ►>;. I > i f / •A ; •1 ' * , 1 ' ' *■(:■ ^1. A^' -iiV. 01'.: ■. » ■. •*. i ■ .v' •'.-•^ . .. - > ^\ '7 .;• ■ .]-;•, •■• } .•..^ > i • > • jV'^ ^ ..I ::;=J^ •. ■ ,.v ... : < e. . J- ■"•■ 'A . V \ \ 0-^, '.'i 1 f * £ 1 ' >» » •.V. ,' "; ' i(- •'■■,■' ■' 'T'; Ci ti I. 1. rnor. ■' .'"1. -'1 . ... J Ct . ti 1. ( 345 ) ^^- ^ C H A P. I. ]taining the Hiftory of Virginia, from its pifcovery to the prefent Times. ' ^y the Name otVirginia^ was formerly calPd all that TraA of Land which reached from Norembtgua to Florida^ and contained the Country, now known to the Englijh by the Names of New-England^ Nezv- W, l^ew-Jerfcy, Penfylvaniay Maryland, Firginia and dka. The Natives call'd it jfjtehheni and 'twas, as £u(|, M difcover'd to the Europeans by Sebajiion Ca- a Genoefe Adventurer, who lived at Brijiel, and who, I the Year 14.97, was fent by King Henry VIL to make 1497. lifcovcrics in the Wejl-Indies, Celumbus*s Succefles five^''JDJ/i«twiyj Icars before, having fee all the trading Nations in the World NO Expeditions into America, in hopes of fharing the Trea- pes of the new-dlfcovered World with the Spaniards. [tk French, who will never allow any Nation to be be- Ke them in any thing, pretend this Country was difcovered ]John Verazzan, who took PofTeffion of it in the NameRubte \hancU I. that he call'd it Mocofa; and with Canada, to^'^'^S* itiicb he gavp the Name 2Sl\\ oi March 1584, To pojfefsy plant and enjoy for hlmj^ and fuch Perfons as hejhould nominatty them/elves and tl'. SueceJJhrSi all fuch Lands^ Territories^ &c. as theyjhokldl tovery not then in the Poffeffion of any Chrijiiun Nation. In yfpriiy the Gentlemen tnd Merchantj), by Sir IFak Am\^3s and Rawleigh's Dire6tion, fitted out two fmall Veffels under tl B rl m'l Command < f C4pt. Philip Amidas attd Capt. Arthur Bark two of Sir fValter's Servants, who knowing no better Cour fail'd away co the CanarieSy from thence to the CharlL Iflands, and croflihg the Gulph of Mexico^ made the Co; of Florida. With Amidas and Barlow went j/rWalter RiwleiRh tmJtrtdkti it' IJ83. t5«4. «/4(f« Mr. IVilliam Greenville, Mr. John Wood^ Mr. James Browick, Mr. Henry Greeny Mr. Benjamin Wood, Mr. Simon Ferdinands, Mr. jfohn Hawes, Mr. Nich. Ferryman. I take Greenville to be* Rfilatioil of Sir IValter Rawk. and of the Family of Grei-niUr, ;' .wards :.al Bath\ Landfdown\ from i^/^/Vt7x Uciceiideu that famous Navigitj Sir John Hawkins. 1 hey were fo ignoratnt of Navigation, that by Compu tion of able Seamen, they went above a thoufand Leagu out of their Way. Their Voyage was however profperou and Ibey anchored at the Itilec by Rienoke, at piefcnt undj s, againft the TJ The Hi/lory of V\x^v\h, 3^7 [Government of N4rth Carolina. They linded on ccf- I (Hands on th^ Coaft between Cape Fear tnd the great ^oi Chefeapiak. They afrer wards went afhoVe oti the tincnt, in i Country called ff^tngdndaeoa, over which It rcign'd a King, whofe Name was lyingha. They J with the Indians^ and ma> le good Profit of their Truck, [Jljtires parting with their Fuis for things of a n»X!ch in- [_ Value. With thi:« Ovftimodity, SifTafras and Cedar Jloidcd their two VcfTels, ana retarned hurn'p. ♦*aind Barlnv I made a very advantageous Voyage j and to ciironfage Owners, the Kew IVtJf-India-Cotnpanyy to con.inue !^Tride» they reprefented the Place they h. ' difcov red 1^ ,. plentiful, and fo defirable, the Climate To pleal.mt ijt hy, the Air fo fweet, the Sky fo fcrene, , '; Woodi r;;ius fo fruitful and charming, and every thing fo a- ablc, that all that heard it were taken with the Defcrfp- I and fuch as had not Convcniencies to live pieai ntly lliomc, were tempted to remove to this Paradifii. ISut the Difcovtry was in its Infancy, and the Errgllfb could only admire, without daring to attempt the en- [ing the Sweets of fo delicious a Country. Belides th 1 afintnefs of the Place, and the Profit of the Trade, 5u; - and Amidas highly eXtol'd the Innocence and Good- ie of the Indiansy and the Advantages that might be rie by their Ignorance, and their Love of the Englijh. To jthey added an inviting Account of the Produdions of I Soil, the Variety of Fruits, Plants and Flowers there^ I their Beauty and Excellence. iThey alfo brought over with them fome Tobacco, the firft Tci cof^p It was feen in England^ and two Indians^ whole Names*;'' tatlf^anchefe ^T\di Manteo. [Queen Elizabeth was herfelf (o Well pleafed with the Ac- [i: thefe Adventurers gave of the Country, that fhe ho- ured it with the Name of Virginia^ either becaufe it Wai ■ft difcover'd m her Reign, a Virgin Queen j or, as the tp/fl«; wilJ have, becaule iiJiUlfeemd to retdin the Ptrgin Vw) and PI ity ef the firj} Creation, and the People their pitive Innocence. The Emhjlj Merchants were the more fond of farther liventures to America at this time, for that het^MajeffyV Jipshad i^ttly intercepted a SpaniJI) Veflel bound home fi^om i«/«, wt^idj had Letters aboard, containing a Defcription [the vaft Treafuirs that Were dug out of the Mines there. tlif Company ere^'ted under the Aufpices of Sir IValur RawUigh^ t imtt Eag and. it .f^ n m^ i' ^llf-'"|5 ^i; t 4 II i 348 I* ' tsis* Mr. Ralph' Luncfirji Ctvtr/itf The Hijlory of Virginia. Rawletgh, who fome afBrtti gave the Name of Firginu the Country himfclf, refolved on a fecond Voyage chithcij Sir ff^a/ttr intended to have commanded in this Ext tion himfelf, and to have carried with him a fufficient Nij ber of Forces to have compleated his Defign of makinj Setrlcment there; but being at that time jealous that Abfence might be prejudicial to his Intereft at Court wh the Earl of Ltictjier fought all Occalions to lefTcn, he ccl mitted the Condudl of this fecond Enterprise to his Li| tenant. Sir Richard Greenville^ who, on the 9th of At, fer fail from Plimouth with feven Ships fitted out by the Cc pany, of which himfelf and fcveral other Gentlemen Members ; and this Company was the firil of that kind tl was cftabli{h*d in Europe, Theie King Jamei incorporal by the Name of the Governor and Company of the Wfji /«J which, for their Male-adminift ration, was diffolved by! Son, King Charles I. Sir Richard Greenville^ for want of better InformatiJ fail'd round by the Weft em and Charibbee Illands. He 1 laden his Ships with Provifion, Arrcs, Ammunicion, fpare Men to fettle a Colony : With thefe he took the 1 Indians^ to affift him in his Negotiations with their Coj try men j and having a profperous Voyage, he arrived JVokokon on the 2(5th of May, being the fame Place whj the Englijh had been the Year before. In /iuguji following he began to plant at Roenoke, an I(la| about 5 Leagues from the Continent, which lies in ^6 grees of Northern Latitude. He alfo made fome little '. coveries more in the Sound to the Southward, trading the Indians for Skins, Furs, Pearl and other Commoditi which they bartered wiih him for things of inconfidera^ Value. He left 108 Men on Roenoke IQand, under the Commaj of Mr. Ralph Lane and Cape. Philip Jmidas, to keep P(j felTion of it ; and himfclf return'd to England. With Lane remained If ' Mr, Philip ^midasy Mr. Themaf Harriot^ Mr. yf/ltny Mx.Steiffordf • Mr, Tiwias Luddingioiti Mr. Marwyny w.> Capt, Faughan^ v Mr. Kendal, Mr, Gardiner^ Mr. Prideauxy \ Mr. RogerSy ; > Mr. Snellingy Mr. Harvey, Mr. Anthony Rujhe, Mr. Michael Pulii/in, Mr. Thomas Buckncry Mr. James Mafon, Mr. David Salter. T^f Hiflory of Virginia; 349 Lfoon as Sir Richard was gone, the Men he left behind Ithemfelves about difcovering the Continent, and rang'd Itfd down 80 Miles Southward, and 130 Northward, Luring indifcreetly too high up the Rivers, and too* far Lhe Country, by which the Indians^ growing jealous of ErDefigns, began firft to be weary of their Compa y, and toff their Stragglers when they fell into their Hands; f alfo form*d a Confpiracy to deftroy the reft, but were plly prevented. ma Journals of the Colony's Proceedings were duly tranC- jtcd to the Company in England, who were not fo care- las they (hould have been, to fend them Supplies of jovilionj and the EngUJh not underftanding the Nature of ( Climate, had negledled to gather Food in Seafon, as |{/W/«»f did, by which means they were reduced to terri- tStreights. The Natives never after kept Faith with U but watch'd all Opportunities to cut them off. And tliis obliged them to be more wary in their Enicrprizes on tMain, fo it hinder'd their receiving any Supply from j: However, they endured all with incredible Refolu- n, and extended their Difcoveries near 100 Miles along jSea-Coafts. [They icept the Indians in Awe, by threatning them with leReturn of their Companions, and the Reinforcement of ■en; but no Ships coming from England in all that Winter, m the Spring following, nor in Summer, they defpaired [being able to fupport themfelvcs any longer- the Natives jinning to defpife them, when they faw them as it were ndoned by their Countrymen, and iht EngH/h expeded iljf to be facrificed to their Cruelty. pn this Diftrefs their chief Employment was to look out I Sea, in hopes of finding fome means of Efcape or Re- jit: And when they were almoft fpent with Want and Ulitching, Hunger and Cold, in Augwt they fpy'd Sir Fran- tf«8. \drakgs Fleet, who was returning from an Expedition a- M. the Spaniards in North-America^ and had been com- Ued by the Queen to vilit this Plantation in his way, and Icwhat Encouragement or AflSftance they wanted. The Sight of Sir Francis's Fleet was the mod joyful one m ever the Eyes of the poor Wretches who were left on \mkt Ifland beheld. Their firft Petition to him, was to nt them a Supply of Men and Proviiions, with a fmall bpor fiark to attend them; that in cafe they could noc aintain themfelves where they were, they might embark ia \k^n^land. Sir '"'V, F*' .-'«•*' ■% Am .i|«f, !■• { 3-5° ^e Hiftory of^kgxmz. muntt I ^ir Franeh granted their K,equeft, and ,thejr fgt aU ,to work to fit the ^hjp he ,ha4 given them, and iQ her with ^ll manner of Stores for » long. Stay ; but a St jarif^ng, which ^rove tjhp VeiTel from her Anchor to findi the Ship fuQFering fo much in it, that ilie was noij for tbeir Uiie, they were fo difcouraged, that notwithiil ing Sir Fr^mJLi ofFpr'd them anocher Ship, they were-al j^nevdof the to ftay,'and carncjrtily intreated him to tJike them with] ffRstttic home, which he ididj and this put an end tothefirfti element. In the mean litne Sir Walter RawUigh^ being very \ ,citous for the Prefervation of his Colony, folicited the d .pany to haften their Supplies of Men and Provilions, rei ling to go v^ith them in Perfon ; and fearing the Col would fuflfer by their Delays, he fitted out the .Ship he] to go in with all poffeble Speed; and when it was rd, fet fail by himfelf. A Fortnight after, Sir Richard G^ .•utile fail!d again frona PUmoutp^ with three other Ship Virginia, Sir Walter fell in with the Land at Cape Hattarat^ a I 4o the Southward of Roenoke, where the io8 Men fettj whom, after ftrid Search, not finding there, he retunje The Virginiam pofitively affirm, that Sir Walter Rml made this Voyage in Perfon 5 but the Hiftories of thofe tin and the Authors of the Life of Sir Pf^alter Rawleigh^ y/j has been twice written, make no mention of it. Tis 1 probable, that the common Account of it is true, tha] fitted out a Veflel of a hundred Tun, loaded it with Ne iaries, and difpatch'd it awiiiy to relieve his 4ittle Colony. | Before this Ship arrived, the Englijb had abandoned Settlement, and returned with Sir Francis Droit. the Matter of the Veflel not being able to gel any lufoij tion concerning them, made the beft of his way home] Tho* the Author of the Hi/lary andprefent State ofVir^ alTures us Sir Walter Rawleigh went then himfelf, '[is , likely a Man of his Quality and Character would hazard Perfon fo far, and in no better an Employ than the U\ of an Advice Boat or Tender. V^htn Six Richard arrived, which was a few Days; the Departure of the Veflel we have mentioned, hefpi the Ifland Roenoke, where he left his Men, entirely dcferj He knew nothipg of Sir Francis Drake\ having beentbj and thoqght they had been all murder'd by the I)4im\ Manteo ^tisfy'dhim to the contrary ; but he could notj how they got away. However, Sir Richard left fifty I more (fome Accounts fay but 15) in the fgme lilaiid, Naviganf, Itinerant. w< ftcoud ^tttlcment The Hiflory of yirginia:.' 35.1 1517. ^dtbetn to build Houfcs, giving them Materials, and two 5 proviGon; after which he returned, haying afTured I tW they fliowld be fpeedily and conftantly fupply'd. [jjthe Year following Mr. John White -^^skxit thither ;by i>Coinpany with three Ships. He .carried wiiih bim a jly of Men afid fome Women, as a|fo plentiful Recruius Provifions, .having a CommiiKon to fettle there, afljd [JKefide over the Settlement as Governor. I {Ip arrived at Roenoke the aid of 7^//, i $ 87, but found no jp^en there ; at which, he was very much troubled. .enquired of Mantto what was begonw of them; this Jin informed him^ that the Natives (ccredy fet upon^'y^rejr'^ n, kill'd fomjc, and the reil fled into, ihc Woods, where I were never heard of afterwards, [jo confirm ManUo's Information, the Fort they .had ^jthe found deroolifli'd, their Huts empty, the Place of Habitation ail, grown up with Weeds, and at the £n- jiee of the Fort the Bones of a dead Man. [jhis did not difcourage Mr. John JVhite from making, At- A third Sttk npts towards a third Settlement; fo be (at down m the ''»«""• DC Place, repaired the Houfes, and when he had put all pgsin the beft Qrder he could for their Prcfervatiyn, he (wded to conftituje .a Form of Government among them, Mr. John ifiliingof a Governor and twelve Counfellors, incorporat- white ^ Succefs, had not their own Divifions put a Stop to Growth of their Settlement, and given the Indians uti /[J vantage over them. One hunmith iC. ¥ <^A I 'i. ^: t .iV ■.•»;| ■* t a ,. '^ > 1" ^^ }: '0k\' 360 Ihe Hi/hory of Virginia. 11! if', Murji the Falls of Jam*i River, under the Honourable Mr H^t Mr. Martin attempting to fcize the King of Nanium was forced to fly from his Sectlemenf, and Mr. ^. ', not (lay long at his. The Colony was by this time fo increafc^l by Rccnjj from England^ that the People of James Town could fpa 120 Men for each of thefe Settlements. Not long jf^, another Settlement was made at Ki^uotariy at the Mouth James River. Powhatan was an Indian Town, and wi Doughtof /'tftf^a/fl/i, King o^ IVerocomoco, for fome Copper The Company in England underftanding how prejudici the Divifions in their Colony were to the Advancement the Settlement, petition'd the King for Leave to appoint Governor, which was granted them in a new Patent. Pm fjant to this Grant they made the Lord Delaware Govern Gltls^^iv r" ^^ ^^^ Colony, whofe Brother, Mr. IVeJi, lived then GeorgeSum- Virginia. My Lord appointed three of the Members of t inrrs, Ctpt. Socicty, Sir Thomas Gates^ Sir George Summers and Cai ?;"&. ^'H^P'^} ^\^ J^"' Deputy-Governors. Thefe three Gentlemen embark d m one Ship, and f(j fail, with eight more in their Company, leaden with Pre vifions and Neceflaries. The Ship in which the Governoi were being fcparatcd from the reft in a Storm, was drivi afhore, and ftavcd at Bermudas ; but the Crew were favcd, and the three Governors with the reft, who, no withftanJing the Dangers they had run, were always janglini to the great Detriment of their Affairs. While they were there, the two Knights had perpetui Quarrels among thcmfclvcs, form'd Factions, and thei Differences grew to fuch Heigth, that they would not ei baric in the fame Vellel j fo they built each of them one Cedar, picking up the Furniture of their old Ship for Rigi ing ; and inftead of Pitch and Tar, they made ufe of Fi" Oil, and Hogs-Greafe, mix'd with Lime and Afhes. Several of the nine Ships that came out with the Gove nors, arrived in James River j and by their Arrival increai cd the Difordcr in the Settlements there ; for pretending ih; the new Commitrion diflblved the old one, they would m fubmit to the Government they found on the Place j thi fatal Confequencc of which we fhall fee hereafter. We muft now return to dipt. Smithy who, v/hiie thi Company was preparing to difpatch away the three Gover nbrs, and thofe Gentlemen fiaid at Bermudas^ continued \\{ making Oifcoveries with great Difficulttes and Hazards, which he was oppofed by Poiuhatan, with whom he mad War, and had frequent Advantages of the Indians^ the' n withoui The Hiflory of Virginia. 361 ^jt Lofs} himfclf was twioe taken Prifoiier by him, C4>>f.Sf»irh'i J^as was hinted before, as he Wiis making a Difcovcry of ^^vtntma, Hc«d <^f Chicohomony River, and another time by an nbuTcade at Onatvmoment. The manner of his Treatment pong the Indiansy and his Efcapc, his Friendiliip to '^auta- pi the King's '>on, and the furprixing Tendcmefs of Po- ^ntOy his rhiughter^ for him, when he was about to be icuted, are IncidentK equally agreeable and furprizing, [pretty romantick and fulpicious, Capt.i9m///> having never t his main Defign to make himfelf the Hero of his ory, in which Sir IVilliam Keith copies him very faith- illy. We mu t not omit the wonderful Humanity of Po- Th* Frier, ^tntOy who, when Mr. Smith's Head w^s on the Blockj^'po/Pc •i (he could not prevail with her Father to give him hisj^an? fe, put her own Head upon his, and ventured the rcceiv- cejt. rof the Blow to favchim, tho* ihc was then fcarce thirteen [fors old : A remarkable Inftancc how vain we arc to our ^es, in thinking that all who do not refemble us in our jfloms are barbarous. We /hall have Occafion, in this Chapter, to fay fome- more of this generous Lady, who was the firft Firgi- js'that ever fpoke Englijh^ or had a Child by any EngUfii- (iff, and the fir ft Chriuian of that Nation. Capt. Smith having twice got out of the Hands of the /«- Lu, proceeded in advancing the new-fettled Colony, which now fo numerous, that there were 500 Men in 'James 3ty, and Plantations up and down the Coiintry ; but Mr. i»//^ happening to be blown up by the accidental firing of neGun powder in his Boat, was fo wounded that his LifeC'^P'- Srr.iih impaired of, and his Friends obliged him to embark for g^gj^Jj^* ^i^land to be cured. Capt. Smith's Relation of his Adventures in this Country iilalcs not fo much to the Country, Settlement and Trade, to himfelf; molt of them are, as we have faid, care- lly prefcrvcd in Sir ff^iliiam Keith's Hiftory of Virginia^ QWhichI refer the curious in fuch things, and to the Hiflory [Virginia by R. B. Gent, who has beftowed more of his atwurupon the Indians tho' not above 500 in the whole Jprovince of Virginia.^ than on the Hiftoiy of the Englijh. iHehas alfo incorporated a good Part of Smith's ancient iHillory into his modern one, to which I alfo refer for fuch llike Curiofities. He was no fooner gone, but thofe he left behind, Capt. \hddiff} and Capt. Martin^ fell out among ihemfelves, and kConfufion encreafed upon the Arrival of the Ships belong- og to the three Governors Fleet. The Colony foon mifs'd their ■ »■.■ f I- ' ■ >■ ^■■^?S;L \mf ■■■* ."f i 'v,'fl> li^ j62. HeliiftoryofYixgxtn^, their kte Prefident Qpt. Smithy who, by his Wifdom, ViJ Jance, Courage and Care, prefer ved the Settlements in go Order. Without him they had certainly been deftrbvi either by their ovVn Lazinefs and Negligence, or the Trd chery and Cruelty of the Indiam : He always kept thi Granaries full, and by fair means or Forc6 obliged the hdil to bring in Corn and Provilions. He a\V*d tlwm fo much! his Valour, that they durft not niake any Attempts awjA the Engli/Ijy for whofe Defence he raited Forts and Batteril and was indeed the Soul of the Settlement; for as foonas left it the People decreafed daily, and by th6 Treafon of i ihmyferabie Natives, or Want and Hunger, to which they were foon i u':mf'^' duced, their Numbers were lefTen'd to 60, when SirfJ fiias Gates and Sir George Summers arrived : 'Tis true thl made fome unfuccefsful Attempts to defend thcmfelvJ Capt. Sicklemore and Capt. Radcliffe, with a Company] Men, going amongft the Indians to trade, were furprizJ and 60 Men flain by Pmhatan^ who would have no Dealij with them after Capt. Smith's Departure. All thofe thatl fettled in any other Part of the Country, fled from the dians to James Towri, except the Planters at Kiquotan, wi| being defetided by Alger noon-Votu tnaintain'd themfelves gainlt the Natives, but could not fubfift for want of Pro^ fions, Which they, as vt^ell as their Countrymen at Jan Town, had wafted, and, like them, they were almoft i mifh'd. Their Diftrefs was fo great,that they fed on rhede Bodies of the Indians whom they (lew, and even dug and eat thofe that v^ere buried. This dreadful Famine is ftill remembered in Virginia. the Name of the Starving Time. The Perfons who came i the iaft Ships continued their Diffcntion amidft thefe Call mities; during wkich, fome of them, who pretended to f of the three Governors Council, aflumed the Adminiftratioil and tho' the Commiffion was not arrived, ufurped the Fowl of governing, to the Ruin of the Settlement, which, ij Famine and Sicknefs, bred by bad Diet, were reduced froj above 500 to 60 Perfons. j The three Governors in the mean while fet fail on ti 1610, nth Q^ May^ i6io, from Bermudas^ in their two fmi Cedar Ships, v^ith 150 Men in their Company, and in i| Days arrived in Virginia. They went up to famn \m with their Vcflcls, where they found the poor Remains! the Colony. Sir Thomas GateSy Sir George Summers.^ and Capt. Nav^A pitied their deplorable State, and immediately call'd a Coud oil, to Confult of what (hould be done for their Relief. Thd ■ ' informs nt WJlory o/* Virginia. 363 ittrrives* jrioed ihcm they fiad but 16 t)ays Provifion aboard, and inded of them ti^tlier they would venture to Sea with or Hay in tftfe Scftrlertwnt, and take their Fortunes, in jchtftey would ti*ery Wltlihgly (hare with them. rjhcy foon r^folved to abandon James Town, and rfe- Viot England \ and, becaufe ProvifionS fell fhort, to call Be Banks of Newfiundland^ in hopes to meet fome Fiiher- m there, a(nd in fuch Cafe, to divide themfelves into fe- ul CreWs, drid g^ aboard feveral Ships, for their better icoittmodatioK. [this Refolutioil being taken, they all went aboard, and jidown to Hog-lUznA the 9th of June, at Night ; and the Morning to Mulhrry-lttindy 18 Miles below James Hnnij and 30 from the Mouth of the River; where they fi a Ship's Boat coming up to them, which the Lord De- Tht Lord Uhad fcrit before him to found the Channel. Deiawar. jTbis Lord brought with him 3 Ships, very well provided' jiiali manner of Provifions and Neceflaries, and 250 Peo- to recruit the Colony. The Lord Delaware perfuaded I to return to James Town, and, by his good Conduft, ught the Sdttlemertt into a flouriftiing Condition. He re- bred Difcipline among them, renewed their Trade with dndtans^ which bad been interrupted by their Wars with [1, and made the Savages once more afraid of attacking jtm, cither openly, or by Surprize. lln his time the Government had the Form of an Efta- hcoicnr, and feveral Men of Quality bore Offices in it, as Lord Delaware^ Lord Governor^ and Captain-General, I Thomas Gates Lieutenant-General, Sir George Summers toiral, the Honourable George Picrcy^ Efqj Governor of nes Town and Fort, Sir Ferdinando Wenman Mafter of I Ordnance, Capt. A^^tf/for/ Vice- Admiral, IVilliam Stra- Efq; Secretary ; an Appearance of Officers that has not jtce that time been (een in Firglnia. Sir WilUam Keith makes Wenman Mafter of the Horfe; : confidering there was not one Horfe in the Company, 24. Guns in the Fort, I think the Mafterfliip of the \kance is the moft likely Preferment to beftow upon him. kre is fomething ridiculous in this Parade of Civil and itary Officers over a Colony of 60 or 70 Perfons only, they found no more there. My Lord fent Sir George Summers and Capt. Argallio Ber- iihsy to fetch Provifions. Sir George died in the Voyage j [Capt. Jrga/I ^6i 9. Supply of Cod-fiih at Sagadahoc in ^na-Englahd, Sir n Wr :-j u :: 14 Dale Mar- shal. 648 77;e Hiflory of Virg'nia. Sir Thomas Gates was fent for by the Company at s dony to give them an Account of their Proceedings' The Hon, the Lord Delaware being taken lick, left Mr. Piercy Pi?rcy! £r», puty-Governor, and returned to England, where he tnl Btputy-Gol' the Adventurers fuch a pleafmg Report of their Affairs tl vernor. they ordcr'd it to be publi(h*d. There were now about 250 Men on James River ol JJyJh^}^'" whom Sir Thomas Dale was placed, with the Title of Ml fhal General, by the London Council. He arrived there l lothof ytt«^, 161 1, with three Ships laden with ProvifiJ and Necedaries, having Supplies of Men, and fome Cattle, and Hogs aboard, for Labour and Breed. On his Predeceflbr's Departure the Colony fell into th old Diforders, and began to be in Want, occafioned their Sloth and DifTention. They depended on their Su plies from England^ and negledted to plant Corn, to im them in cafe of a Difappointmenr, which they might rd fonably have expedted, conlidering the Length and Hazaj of the Voyage. From this Knight's Government the Profperity ofta Plantation may be dated j for he fet all the Englijh work, and did not difdain to put his own Hand to tH Spade and the Axe, to help to turn up the Earth, and fl Trees ; and that they might no more depend on the Nativj for Corn, he put them upon fowing Grain of their ow| which, tho' they did not begin to prepare the Ground t| the Middle of may, yielded an indifferent good Crop, order'd Land to be wall'd in, for Fences from wild Bead and the wilder Indians : He enlarged the Englijh Boundl furveyed the Rivers to find out a Place convenient for \ building a new Town, which was done at his own Chargl and was from him called Dales Gift. It was fituated 12 Miles above the Falls, naturally fortify'J and almoft furrounded with Water. Here, in a fliorc tim] he (o well employ'd his Men, that he not only palifadoj the Place, but ereded Watch-To*vers at each Corner, a Church, a Store-houfe, a Dwelling-houfe for himfelf, an Lodgings for his Men. Many hundred Acres of Land we taken in, and Plantations laid out, 8 or lo Miles abouj which continues to this Day one of the mofl flourilliir Virts o( Virginia. The Company in England, notwithftanding they hid hd therto met with very little Encouragement, continued fupply their Colony with all forts of NecelTaries, folicitedtJ do it by the Lord Delaware and Sir Thomas Gates. ThI latter was fent with fix Ships niore, having 350 Men oj board Dalfs Gifc hmlt. nenr, continued iTje Hiflory of Virginia. 365 jfdj 100 Head of live Cattle, and Plenty of Provifions, 1 Tools for Labour and Life. [Sir Thomas arrived in Auguft^ took upon him the Govern- f^"" Thomas «or. It, and in September he f ttled a new Town at Arrahat- i(jj about fixty Miles abovvi Jamet City, calling it //<:«r/- lienricopolU |fii;, or Henry's Town, in honour of Henry Prince of*"'"* [Here he built Forts and Gentry- boxes, and ran a Palifa- on the other fide of the River at Coxendaly to fecurc )tirHogs. \T^tEngliJh now plough'd the Ground, whereas before they need all their Corn with the Spade. They alfo fpread iemfelves abroad in the Country, and pofleffcd themfelves private Plantations, which they cultivated, and planted fobatco and Corn, each Planter paying a Qiiit-Rent to eTreafury of the Colony. [their Cattle, efpccially their Hogs, increafed prodigioufly ; ivs and Order began to flour ifli, Induftry to thrive, and Plantation to have the Face of a Settlement that look'd J be lading; yet it was not long before rew Danjgers ttfamed their Deftrudion ; from which however the iSnd fGod deliver'd them. JThe Company at London finding the Colony was in z clutches'. urilhing Condition, thought it their Duty to provide for^'"'f' tWelfare of their Souls, as well as their Bodies j and to Bt End invited many charitable Perfons to contribute to building them Churches, and founding Schools for the iiucation of their Youth. Many devout People, in hopes [propagating the Gofpel, open'd their Purfes; Minifters itre fent over. Churches built, and fupply'd with Preachersj iwill be flicwn more at large in its proper Place. [in the Year 16 12, Capt. Argal/, afterwards Sir Samuel^ i^ia. nived from England, with two Ships more for the Ufe of I Settlement. Sir Thomas fent Argail to Pot&wmack to li)f Corn, where he met with FocahontOy the Lady of om we have before made honourable mention. He in- {ted her to come aboard his Ship, which, with (bme (ixiall Eculty ilie confented to, being betrayed by the King of [«/tff«y, Brother to the King of Potowmak^ with whom (he Kn refided. 1%// having got her in his Cuftody, detained her, and Pocaiionra Tied her to James Town, intending to ob''ge her Fa-^'*"' ^ !r King Powhatan to come to what Terms he pleafed, for^X ^^' ! Deliverance of his Daughter. Tho' the King loved her ' derly, yet he would not do any thing for her fake which I thought was not for his own and his Nation's Intereftj not \k^ i>' i 11 >V# '»;■■• mm rfet '■''nm I. i;' ''I. s« •ryJ ''--1 !•. i 366 'the Hiflory of Virginia.- 1 i^ nor would Jie be prevail'd upon to cqncjude a firm 1'jg of Peace, tho' Sir Thomas Dale went hirafelf to treat w him about it, being then Marflial under Sir Thomas gJ till he heard his Daughter, who turned Chriftian, and \ sh marries chriftcii'd RebeccOy was married to Mr. John Rolfe.^u^ M Mr. Rolif. 11^ Gentleman, her Uncle giving her iii Marriage in .ion that there would be Corn enouj raifed by the Englijh for their Subliftence, he wrote hon Reafons that might hinder any fuch Store, and repil fented the main one, which was fending over GentlemJ and Soldiers, as if they were only to fight for what th| could get, and not Farmers and Day- Labourers, who kna and could do the Bufmels of the Field. Powhatan dying in April, left his Kingdom to his fecoij Biother Itopatin, who renewed the J^eague with the En lijh ', but this Prince was foon outcd of his Dominions Oppecancawugh, his younger Brother, who reign'd ovj Chicohomony^ made himfelf Mafter of all the Nations round him, and his Empire at laft became formidable the Englijh. Sir Samuel Argall finding his Colony was in Peace, ai| that they thrived apace under his Government, began to 1 • about him a little, and refolved to undertake an Expeditij on the Coails, to make Difcoveries, and dillodge French, who had fettled in Acadia. In his way he drove out fome Hollandersy who feated themfelves on Hudfon's River j he then attack'dl Settlement of French, to the Northward of Cape Cul and afterwards drove Monfieur Biencourt from Port-R(i]al\ Canada, where the French had fow'd and reap'd, built fiari) Mills, and other Conveniencies. Thofe of them that were for returning to France he pe mitted to embark, which fome of them did, and othq we Sr Samuel ArtaU'i Ex ped'itiom a- Diucht ourers, who knq The Hijlory of Virginia. 3 6^ ^„t up the River of Canada^ to make out a niw Settle- ^nt there. With the Plunder of thefe two Forts Sir Samuel return'd ^fir^inla ; and how he could juftify his attacking the Subjeds fi prince who was at Peace with his Mafter King J ames^ ^es not appear in the Hiftories which mention this Event j jly wc are told, that fomc Months after it there arrived a jll Vcflel from England, which did not ftay for any thing, jyt as foon as Governor Jrgall was on board, it fet fail j.nd ptricd him home. The Occafion of his being recall'd ig?/<"r«d/;> flt known, and therefore 'tis imputed to his attacking the He left Capt. Nathaniel Powell Deputy, who the fame ^''f'' ^=*^- ear redgn'd his Office to Sir George Yardly^ whom King c^mor?^* '0CS had knighted, and the Company made Governor, sir oeorge There arrived with Sir George, and fome Months after ^""^'y ^''* iiHj 1300 Men in 28 Ships, the Earl of Southampton^ one'' the Company at London being zealous to furnilh them ith Supplies of Men, Cattle and other Provifions. Thefe ited themfelves in all the Plantanons that had been defert- I, and planted new ones. And now the Colony grew fo lomerous, that to have the Confent of the whole in the of any Laws or Orders for the publick Good, Re* cfentatives were appointed to be chofen for every Precindt, to the P^'ple were to ele6t in their feveral Plantations. Thefe Rcprefentatives being the firft Aflfembly that fat zi'ThefirflAj- 'Irpnia^ met at y^ww Town in May, 1620. The Gov^r-^'"'^'^' J and Council at firft fat with them, as the High Com- iiffioner, Lords and Commons were wont to fit tog^thet the Parliament in Scotland -y here the Affairs of the Setile- lent were debated. We (hall fee, in the following Chap- !, how this Method of their Seffion came to be alter'd. In Augujl z Dutch Ship put in there with Negroes, and the Tchant fold 20, which were the firft Slaves that were ught thither from Guima. This Year alio the Bounda-^ of James City were marked out, and Land was laid ouc feveral Places, to the Company, to the Governor, the bll^e, the Churches, and particular Perfons ; new Settlements 'ere made in James and Tork Rivers j very gf eat Supplies indnua!!y came over: A Salt- work was fet up at Cape hfUs^ an Iron- work at Falling Greek; and Sir George feem'd to make Amends for his former Male- Admini- rationj yet he ftill fuffer'd the People to grow fecure, and [leded providing for their iMence. He was fucceeded the Government by Sit Francis IVyat, a young Man, who Sir Pranaj ' in OSiobtr, liit; aind this Year matt Meft fettled ^v*- ^•- Bb there, ,$,3. '■'V M:^^ mm *li^|i S; '■ Ml! ! i, # i* Ifc ■"&, If K« 3ro I'he WJlory of Virginia. r? -i there, who falling to planting, they made fo much Tobaccl that the Market was ovcr-llock'd, und the CommodJ yielded little or nothing. The King pitying their Lofs it, commanded that no Planter fliould the next Year plaj above lOo /. of Tobacco a Man, advifing them to curn thd fpare time to provide Corn and Stock, and make Potalh other Manufactures. In November Capt. Newport arrivd with 50 Men on his own Account, and fettled a Plantatio at the Place, which from him is call'd Neuipcn^ Settlements were made as far as Patowmeck River, where ta Indians never molefted the Englijh ; on the contraiy, thd were always friendly and ferviccable to them. The General Aflembly appointed inferior Courts, «li| County-Courts, to be held for the more convenient Diftri bution of Juftice in Caufes of lefs moment : The reft we( tried before the Governor and Council, who were the rj preme Court of Judicature in the County. The ProfpJ rity and Increafe of the Colony render'd the EngUih carcle of their Safety. They converfed frequently and openly wij the Indians^ admitted them to eat, drink, and lleep wij them, and wo«:ld often do the fam'j at their Cabins; this means the Savages became acquainted with their Strengtll and learnt the ufe of Guns. They knew their Places of rJ fidence and Refort, and their Fear of them by Degrel wearing off, prepared them for any bold Enterprize again! them on the firft Occafion : And 'twas not long before the Emperor Oppecancanough took an Affront for the Murder ( one of his Captains, a Man very eminent in his Nation fj his Valour. This Fellow had robb'd one Manning^ an kill'd him, for which he was about to have been apprehende and carried before a Juftice of Peace, when he came neK time into the Engl'ijh Boundaries j but making fome Refiflanc he was Hiot dead. Oppecancanough^ on News of the Death of his Captaiij refolved to be revenged, and he and his Indians contrive a general MafTacrc of the Englijh^ which was to be execute on Friday the 22d of March^ 1622, and moft of the N^ mlffacftdhy ^^^^^ °f ^'^ Indians were engaged in the Confpiracy, whici ^** Indians. Was re/ealed to Mr. Pace by a converted Indian^ Maflacre in all Probability had been general. The Difcovery he made being but 4 or 5 Hours before th intended Execution of it, the remoter Plantations could nq take the Alarm, and the Englijh that dwelt nearefl to Savages were barbaroudy butchered. Men, Women anJ Children, by thtin, to the Number of 334 Perfons. m^ Pact fled to Jamei Town^ and iQ did all to whom he could m 162Z 5V)Jotice of the Confpiracy. Others flood on their De- jce, and made a retreating Fight to their Forts. The Iflaniations were deferted, and the Planters who lived at si Oilhnce commanded to fet their Houfcs, Barns, Store- job, y^. on Fird, to repair to the Forts, and defend Lmfelves againft the common Enemy. Moft of thofe |jjjt were kilVd, lell by their own Weapons, Inftruments y,j Working Tools. Thofe who were at the Work in the I Mines near Falling Creek were all murder'd, except a toand Girl, who hid themlelves. This Iron-work could leifer after be rcftored, nor the Lead mines, which the Su- rinrendant had juf- then difcovered, be found out. The Bfojctl; of Glafs-houfes at James Town was ruined by the Hiikre, which put Improvements out of Peoples Heads : (,om this time they were fo eiiraged at the Natives, thac L never gave over warring with them till they had almoft Lrl) extirpated the Nations that were concerned in the llalfacre. They dealt the fame meafure to them that they I received from them ; and the Savages, fearing the Eng" h after they were colleded into one Body, fled to thd Vonds. The Governor invited them to return to theii? ra Habitations, and plant their Corn, which, on Promife tr peace, they did; and when they were as fecure as the Mijh had been, the latter fell upon them, cut great Num- •rsofthem to pieces, anddcftroyed their Corn and Habi- htions. They attack'd and entirely deftroy'd Powhatan^ Op- \mtanough's Royal Seat, where, in Imitation of the Eng- he had built him a Houfe, and was fo pleafed with the i)ntrivance of a Lock and Key to fallen the Door, thac i&id his Imperial Majcfty fpent moft part of his time in icking and unlocking it, wondring how fuch a flight Turn Hand fliould have fuch an EfFedl on the Door and [oftern. The Englijh continued to aflault the Indians perever they found them j they deferted thofe Parts where By then inhabited, and the Colony receiving frefli Supplies om England^ and Arms and Ammunition out of the Tower fthe King's Command, extended themfelves every way, [id planted over all the Country, as 'tis now peopled and jldvated. Some time after this Maflacre, feveral Gentlemen pfo- ired Grants of Land in England from the Company, and hers came over on their private Accounts to make Set- nents j among the former was one Capt. Martin^ who s named to be of the Council, This Man raifed fo many Serences among them, that new Diftradions followed, lich the Indians obferving, took Heart, and once more B b a . " fell 371 ili.f^^l^J^ l!l r^» /. ' UP n 372 I'be Hiftory ^/Virgink. M fell upon the EngUP) on the Borders, deftroying them with out pitying either Age, Sex, or Condition. Thefe and other Calatnities being chiefly imputed to tiJ Mifmanagement of the Proprietors, whofe LolTcs had difcouragcd mofl of their belt Members, that they fold thel Kr.iGiM.i. Shares; King Charles I, on his Acceffion to the Throne, dil i'mln! ' ^o^v^^ t^^^ Company, and took the Colony into his own in, m^auy. jpgjjj^jg Djredtion. He appointed the Governor and Coun <;il himfelf, oxdcr'd all Patents and Procefs to iffuc in his owi Name, and refer ved a Qiiic-rent of 2 s. for every hundr? Acres. We haive been the larger in our Account of this DifcQ very and Settlement of P'irginia, becaufe that Part of th Hiftory of the Colony is flighily touch'd by moft of tli Writers who have treated of itj and we have from all them taijcn fo many Pajticulars, as will together give tn Reader 2X\ Idea of the Infancy, Growth and Increale ofth Settlement, from C^t. JmiAai and Capt. Barlow's Difca very of the Country, to the Government of Sir John Hd t/^jf, who was the firft Governor of f^irginia after thq DilTq The prefmt lii'ion of the Cpmpany. The King ordcr'd the future Fori Cc»ji!tHthn of its Copftitutioa to be by a. Governor, a Council of i| fittied. Gentlemen, and the Aflembly, confifting, as has been faid of Reprefentatives deputed by the fcveral Towns and Coulj ties in. the Colony. He granted large Trai^ts of Land Gentlemen and others in England-^, and ^ to fome of thej added Authority independent of the Government, giving eac Gentleman the fame Power in his Province, as the Propr tors of Virginia had formprly. The grcateft of thefe Gran was that of the wliplc Territory of Maryland^ which w| given by the King to George Calvert', Lord Baltimore. The Virginians pretend thac this Divifion of their Counti into feparate Provinces, created feparate Interefts, aqd th] the general Advantage of the Whole has often fufFered their Oppofition to tne Regulations which have been mad for the common Good. They tell us, that when the Gd vernment of Virginia has thought fit to prohibit the Expol ration of bad Tobacco to help the Marker in England^ \i Planters of Maryland have poured in as much Tralh as thj could make, to take the Advantage of that Market. Wli tjier the People of Maryland have not the. fac'e or the lijf Conaplaints to make againft the Virginians, is to be dpubte ^nd that the Induftry and good Management of that Coloij have fct an Example even to her Mother-Plantation, which] had been better with her if fhe had followed. We niuflleave th pHpute to be 4c9ided by theGcntlemen concef n'd in it^and coj tirJ land. Sir William 7^e WJlory of Virginia. * 37 j Luc our Hiftory of Vtrgima^ during the Adminiftration of jir '^,j/)« Harvey, who was a great Promoter of the large vvjoim IGrants that were made of Land in his Province, and often '''"'"'y ^•'' Lent To far, that he procured the very Settlements which *'"'""^* been made before to be included. In a Word he was a |,ery bad Governor, fcvere in his Extortions and Exactions, lin Fines and Forfeitures, proud and turbulent in his Councils, lindro unjuft and arbitrary, that the Gentlemen of the Co- y,not being able to endure his Tyranny, fcized him, and ,^^5, Ifaithim Prifoner to London^ in the Year 1639. 'J hey de- Seh^-u .t,i4 of their Members to accompany him, and exhi-/'""/"''"2- !»[ their Grievances to King Charles I, who was fo far from drelTing (hem, that he immediately ordered Sir John //^r- Ivffto return to his Government. But the Cry of the Plan- jtation was fo loud, that it was to be feared it might reach the Parliament: To prevent which. Sir John was foon, re- iird, and Sir IViUiam Berkley orderd to fucceed him. /»5/> John Hwvtfi time, fays Bullock, in his Difcourfe of '^^"^^'•^y^'" jiVp/», i*}hat perplexed Condition were both he and the^*^**"^' Kntltmen and the Country tit, when, upofi his Complaint, U(j were fent far f torn Virginii, U anfwer here in England at m Council-Board j and again, upon theif Complaint, he and \s Friends mnft come to London, to anfwet at the fame Place, m this iterated f beftdes continual Heavifigs and Shavings be* ^wn two Parties, &c. The DifTerences between the Govtffnof *nd the Colony ccafionc i fo much Confufion, that the Indians, who watch'd lOpporrunides to fall upon thtf Englijh, furprized them a- lin, and cut off f 00 Men, Women and Children. Oppecancanoiegh highly refented the Incrt>achnients that '^'""^'"' lad been made oti hi^ Dominions by the late Grants, and ^^''^''"'' I contrived another giSneral Miflacre j but ^he EngHJh were bttercd up and dowrk irt fo iMny fepWite Plantations, that [twas impofliblc for him to dellYoy theitt at once, without entire Conqueft, to which he could not pretend. Hov^- ver, he order'd the Savages in all Quarters to mafffacrft ie Borderers, and himfelf and his Indians v^ere the itioft iive of all in deftroying thofe that Had fettled on York tiver, by the Natives called Pamaunkee, where he him- Bf kept his rude Court, and had fi**d the Seat of his npire. This Pririce is by Mr. Srhith faid to be Powha- vis Brother. He was of a large Stature, a noble Prefence, ndunderftood the Arts of Government as well as 'tis poflible a Man to do, who was entirely unacquainted with Let- The Indians by Traditioni report, that he was not re* to their King Fctvhatan, but came from a far Coun^ Bb 3 try, n r ;}'■■• ■ t flip's J in 'ii LlHi !i! i ^ k 374 77^e Hl/^ory of Virginia. try, wliich liy South-Weft of thcirij and, by their Dch fcription of it, mull be near Mexico^ or the Mines of ^ Bivb/f. This Adion of Oppecancanough provoked the En-hi io much, that they never would give the Savages Pit but continued to make War upon them till they took thtil Emperor, and led him into Captivity ^ for Sir IViHiam Hoi ley hearing he was at fome Diftance from the I'lacc of hi ufual Redcicnce, march'd againft him with a Party of Hon furprizcd and rook him Prifoner in the Weftem Parts 8fu ,^v 576 ^he Hiflory of Virginia. tbree potent Kingdoms had already fubmitted. He woulJ hearken to no Terms till the two Counfellors, whofe Heart were bent on the Safety of their Goods, engaged the Ma jority of their Brethren to agree to a Surrender j and si fVilliam was npt fo very refolute, as to pretend to oppofl both an Enemy without, and a Fadtioo within his Goverr ment ; fo he was forced to lay down his Arms, and retire tl his Plantation. Wq cannot omit correding a Miftake q the Hiftorlan we have often mentioned in this Hiftorv who fays Capt. Damn's was fent by Oliver. He has run ini the vulgar Error of thofe, who call all the Govcrnmena from the King's Dea*:h to CromwcPs, Oliver^s; wherea Cromwel did not turn out the Rump till two or thre Years after Sir George Afcuis Expedition. Sir JVilliam Keith gives into the vulgar Opinion, and, n a ft range Fit of Orthodoxifm and Loyalty, afferts, that Vir ginia neither fubmitted to^ nor acknowledged Cromwel'j Authi rity ; not diftjnguifhing between the Parliament and Cmi wel. He alfo glories in the Happinefs of Sir IP'illiam Berl lefs Government, that there were no Puritans in Virgma\ whereas the Truth is, that the Puritans of Virginia ^nt t| New-England for Minifters to come and preach to theml but Sir William, Berkley would not admit them to continul among them. 'Tis fomewhat extraordinary that Sir IVilki Keith, who probably imbibed his firft religious Principles aj ippng the Presbyterians in Scotland, and (o long refided xnong the Quakers in Peti/ylvania, (hould have fo highai Opinion of Sir JVilliam Berkley's wife Adminirtration, wh| acted fo much againfl: the true Intereft of the Country hi governed, that he got rejlraining Adts to keep ProteftanJ out of Virginia, at the fame time that Lord Baltimcre, Roman-Catholicky gave Encouragement to Proteftant Differ ters to come to and fettle in bis rrovince oi Mary land \ an this fuccceded fo well, that it foon rival'd Virginia in th Tobacco Trade. In other things Sir JVilliam Berkley behaveJ like a Governor, who had a landed Intereft in his Province. Cromwell was in Scotland then, and had nothing to dd with the Admiralty of England, farther than as his Council influenced the AfSirs of the Commonwealth. When h] was actually in Pofleflion of the fole Adminiftration, bulled himlelf about the Plantations, as much as any othe part of the Englijh Dominions, and Virginia fell under '\^ Cognizance as well as the reft. We read, in an. old Hiftorian, that Major-General Pointt who was made Governor of the Leeward Ijlandi by thj Parljapept, fail'd from St, Chriflo^bir^ \o Virginia, beforj Sir ne Hi ft or y o/'Virpjlnia. 177 George Afcue fent Dennis^ who, it feems by that Au- found the Bufinefs done to his Hand, and that Country ie only Retreat for Cavaliers, was forced to fubmit on Lms of Indemnity. Col. Diggs was firft made Governor of Firg'mia by^„/ p. ,l,e parliament, during whofe Government nothing rcmarka- Governor. Ijehappen'd. He was fucceeded by Mr. Bennet, and hcA/r. Bennet lyMr. Matthews. The two laft Governors only were puc<^''^"'«<"'' l\,j Oliver-, tho' the fame Hiftorian fays, that Olggs, Ben-^^l-Jf%]^ gtiad Matthews were all Governors during the fmall time vcrmu fjlCromwers Protedorate. If fo, there muft have been lome other Governor between Sir William Berkley and Col. \j^m, if not the changing of Governors was not fo ex- [[jordinary as he pretends. Before the End of our Hiftory, ifc Ihall more than once find three Governors in (even Years; for fo long it was homSix iVilliam Berkley^Swh^ jiiffion to Oliver's Death ; and this was the lefs rare, becaufc Jlr. Matthews died in his Government. The Trade of ^/V^i»z "■ f- w 380 ^jeHiJloryofVugmh: the Price of Tobacco ftill lower, and raifed that of all rop'on Goods. They, in return, prohibited, by an Adfl their Affembly, the planting of Tobacco for one Year order to keep up the Demand for it j but this A(5t had 'i the defired EfFed, becaufe the Province of Maryland refj ed to content to it, and ftock'd the Market fufficiently keep down the Price. They attempted again to have planting of Tobacco ftinted, and the Agents of Cardll and Maryland, who were then at James Town, confenJ to it J but the Governor of Maryland evaded it, and pJ claimed the Adt void. Thus the poor Planters drudg'd 1 to their Lofs, their Tobacco yielded little or nothing, a] al! forts of Goods that were imported from Europe b very high Prices, which vv is enough to raife Difcontents an Murmurs, and produce the Difturbances that foon afj happen'd. The' the Virginians had all the Reafon in the World exped a Compliance from the People of Mary la; ;/• yi tVey condefcendcd to fend Agents to St, Mary\ thf, Catf tal of the Provinces, as it were to petition for their ConfeS in which they were unfuccefsful alfo, the Governor teiliij them, He would not call an AJfemhly on purpofe. About this time there were Attempts made to prevei Ships unlading any where at the Matter's Pleafure, that 1 toreign Goods might be imported, which had not bed landed in England. 1 It had been found impracticable to oblige all Ships tocntl al James Town, and afterwards di^erfe themfelves upaif down in the fevcral Rivers whither they were bound, ai^ were ufed to unload their Cargoes, and load again, even 1 the very Doors of the Merchants to whom they were coil lign'd, which gave them many Opportunities of bringing i prohibited Goods ; wherefore his Majefty order'd that For| fhould be built in the feverai Rivers; that all Ships fiioai ride under thofe Forts j and thofe Places only be the Potj of Trade. Had thefe Orders been obeyed, it would neceffarily haj caufed People to have reforted to fuch Places, Houfes wou| have been built, and Towns raifed by Degrees, without til Forq,e of an AO:, which has little Influence on the Wills 1 . People ; and in free Governments, where Mens Properti( are concerned, the fcaws are always tender of ufing to much Violence, unlefs the immediate Sarety of the Con mon wealth requires ir. The Plague and Fire happening at London when the Forts were about to be bailt, put a Slop to the Undertaking m The TJiJlory of Virginia. lit never was profecuted afterwards; for want of which J Dutch often infulred the Coafts in the Wars^ between dand and HoHandy and took the Ships out of the Har- 33 1 >ir$. fro defend them againft any Invafion from the Enemy, lltw Batteries were raifed, which contributed little to their fcurity. [Sir IViWam Berkley^ to remedy the Evil of the low Price [Tobacco, earneftly recommended and heartily encourgg- Ithe Silk and Linen Manufadtures, Pot-AHi and Hemp: fet an Example himfelf at his own Plantation; and ic been well for the Colony if they had induftriouily low'd it. [The Indians all this while continued quiet ; indeed they irft not offend the Englijhy who were now grown fo pow- that they could fend an Army of 6 or 7000 Men into ! Field, and leave twice as tnany at home to look after lir Plantations. [Hefent out Capt. Bait with ij\.EngliJh and 14 Ittdians to^dventHnr.. laice Difcoveries. This little Company went from j^ppa- iix in Charles County, and in icy^n Days time reach'd the [oatof the Mountains, which they crofs'd with great Difficulty Difcoverin. I three Days more, and then defcended into fruitful Val- where they found an incredible Quantity of Deer,. Elks^ iiffaloes and Turkies, fo tame, that they would fufFer them' soil to reach them. They alio found Grapes as big as ill Plumbs. Farther forward they came to a Rivulet, which defcended (kwards. They travell'd down that Stream feveral Days, [coming to fome Cabins, they couki perceive that /«- ms had lately been there, and, as they fuppofed, Aed a« at Cupt. ^tf// and bis Company's Approach. I the Savages he had with him could not be perfuaded to p feme Marilies that were beyond tho(e Cabins. They there lived a Nation a httle farther that made Salt, and [lid it to their Neighbours; that they (uflfer'd no Body to urn who had been amongft them : And notwithftanding; !apt. Ba t ufed all the Arguments he could think of to per- ie them to go forward, the cowardly Indians would not fr a Step farther, fo the Company was forced to return. On tlie Report Capt. Ban made to the Governor of his [Travels and Adventures, Sir IViUiam Berkley refolved to go Q Perfon ; he had made Preparations for it, named the Man who [fas to have been his Deputy-Governor, got the Affembly to ifs an Adl in favour of the Enterpri2«, and juft as things Tc ready for his Departure, Col. Baton's Rebellion biokea/.B^con** utj which ruined the Deiign. In ^(biiuta. Ji i h-i^'m |i 382 The CattJ'ts of it. ' 7 he Hijiory of Virginia. In the Year 1^70, four or five Years before Capt. 5^/] Encerprize, Col. Collet ^ with 9 Engl'tjh Horfc and 5 /«^//^^ march'd up in the Country j and fo did Major Harrisy wil 20 Englijh Horfe and 5 Indians ; but to as little Advantal as Ban's : After whom, Sir fVilllani gave a Commiilion a German Surgeon to difcover the South- Weft Parts of y\ ginla. He went along the Foot of the Mountains as far as d Lake Sherre^ and difcovcred them to be paflable in t\v| Places. This h\m reported, that while he was in an /| dian Town near the Mountains,^ there came '4 Savages an Embaffy to the King of that Town, from a King wi] lived beyond the Mountains. He brought back an Emerald, and fome Spanijh MoneJ which he had of the Indians bordering on the Lake thera and this raifed Conjedures, that the Spaniards are feated nei the Back of thofe Mountains. The Rebellion we are going to fpeak of being one of tti moft extraordinary Events that ever happen'd in the Eml\ Plantations; we fhall be larger in our Account of it, whid we have taken from pablick and private Authorities. The Author of it, Col. Nathaniel Baton^ Jun. was! Gentleman who had been liberally bred in England^ haviJ ftudied fome time at the Temple: He was young, bolq a£tive, handfom and eloquent; his Merit advanced himi the Degree of a Counfeilor, and his good Qualities got hiil the Love and Refpe fl '. ' 'yt\ I •; f 388 fbt HIJlory of Virginia. it*,' «'^ •1 t • ( tur/tSt ySmcrUoy her Father being Deputy-Governor of 5«r/;ja« when in Englijh Hands, and her Converfation with the Nt grocs there, did doubtlefs give her the Hint of her Kove Oroonokoy the Foundation of thofc excellent Scenes of Mr Ssitthern. The Death of the General broke all the Meafures of tii Malecontents , Col. Ingram^ his Lieutenant-General m Col. Walklate^ his Major -General, laid down their ArmsoJ Promifc of Pardon : The reft followed their Example an] Re.kifrjr ^''* '^'^^'^''' Berklty returned to Jamei Town, after \aii, "■^ '*' and his Aflembly had been about lix Months in PoircHion i the Government of all the Countries on that Side of th Bay, and had influenced the Aflairs on the other Side. Peac being reftorcd, the Governor had Lcifurc to punifli th. Criminals ; but having promifed them all Pardons, on the) SubmilTion, could not do it without breaking his Word Col. John/on and Col. IP^alklate were turned out of all thcj Places, and incapacitated of bearing Offices in the Colon for the future. As for his Proceeding with the reft, could not come to any Rcfolution till he had OHersfroJ England^ which he did not receive j for that Affair wasjeij to Commiflioners, that were fent on purpofc by Kin Charles to enquire into it ^ and the Lord Colepeppcr, wh fucceeded him in the Government, was intruited with th Power of punifhing or pardoning thofe who had a Hand i the Diforders committed in the late Rebellion, which wcil veiy fatal to the Country. Janus Town, the Capital of the Colony, was burnt to th Ground by Capt. Richard Lawrence^ an Officer under B\ ton, who, when his Men refufed to fet fire to the Houfd .did it with his own Hands j and thus this unfortunate CitJ which never deferved that Name, fufFer'd fomuch, thatl has not lince recover'd even the Condition fhe was then inj All Sorts of Improvements were negleded, Stock ran i Kuin j the Indians^ taking an Advantage of thefe Confufion fell upon the Borders, and butchefd the Inhabitants withoj Mercy. They deftroyeJ the Plantations on the Frontiers f much, that the Virginiam have hardly to this Day beenab to plant them and flock them, much lefs to extend thq Bounds } tho' the Savages are brought fo low, that their \ berty is precarious, and they are little better than Slaves i tlie EngliJ}). Bacon , was dead and the Country in Peace m fore Sir John Berry arrived with his Squadron, and tij Raiment he had aboard, which landed in February follow ing. The Soldiers were kept in pay, tho' there was no En ploymenc for cbem^ and foon after ^ii William B«rkky weii fd «<77. 1%e Ili/lory qfVirgink. 389 Lr£W<7»^, leaving H,rlert Jfff'reysy Efq; his Deputy-Go- "'•'bcrt Ljrnor. Sir irilliam fell fick on his Arrival in tinglatid, and l;jj";,7:<5i^'' LisSickncfs confined him to his Chamber till he died. Thcvfr/*r"!' King, who had all the Rcafon in the World to be picafcd ithhim, enquired often after his Health, and forbad him rr wJiiiam 110 hazirtl 'f? by making too much Hafte to Court. Sir /^^/7/.U/»k!cv..•■ % f,vM5 ''^■■i ft r it h II !l)| 390 Sir Henry Chickcly VeputyrGo- T679. The Lord Colepepper Gavtrnor, enr 7^e Hiftory of Virginia. Treaty, which, tho' they thought hard Meafure, they wcr obliged to comply wich. Mr. Jfffreys died the following Year, and Sir //< Chickely was appointed Deputy- Governor in his Place. He did nothing extraordinary, or worthy to be rcmem, ber'd, except procuring an Ad of AfTembly, for building M,; gazines at the Heads of the four great Rivers, where Men conftant Pay were order'd to keep Guard, and Stores 01 Arms and Atnmunition were laid up,to the gres.tTerror of thi Savages. The fame Aflembly obfcrving that Tobacco w frequently imported from Garolvm and Maryland^ paft j. Ad againft ir, to flrcighten thofe Colonies for want 01 Shipping. In the Year 1679, the Lord Colepepper^ whom the Kin had made Governor of Virginia, arrived there, and brouehi with him feveral Ads drawn up in England to be paft jnti Laws. He fummon'd an Aflembly, and the Members underftand ing he had a Power to call fuch to an Account, as had beci concern'd in Bacon's Rebellion, to keep him in a good Hu. xnour, paft feveral Ads, wherein the Authority and Intere of the Governor were inlarged, and he, in Return, gave hi Confent to fome that were grateful to the Country. The Lord Colepepper obtained a Salary of 2000 /. a Yeai of the King, which before was but 1000/. He, on Accoun of his Quality, got an Allowance of 150 /. a Year for Houfc Rent, and turned the ufual Prefents made him by Mifters 0: Ships, of Wine and Provifions, into a certain Sum of M( ney, fettling the Rate at 30 j. for each Ship above one hun. dredTun, and 20 i. for each below that Burden, which Du- ty has fince been Icvy'd as ftridly as if it had been given b an Ad of the AfTembly. Befides thefe Advantages, his Lord ihip bad one in view that would have turn'd very well to Ac count, had it taken EfFed. The Aflembly taking into Con fideration their Lofs by lowering their Coin, which had occa- iioned the Country's being almoft drain'd of it by Exportatioi to Places where it pafl for more than it did in Firginia, or der'd a Bill to be brought in for raifing it. The Governor interpollng in the Matter, told them ji Wits the King's Prerogative to alter the Value of the Coin, And the Prerc^ative being intrufted with him, he would d it by Proclamation. The Aflembly durft not oppofe fuch ai Argument. Thofe were not times to difpute the Prerogativi Royal i fo the Governor's Reaibns were allowed, and thi Ad drop^. • ■: " *-• Hi ^he Hijlory of Virginia. 39 j His Lordfliip, having gain'd his Point, privately bought up bthe light Pieces of Eight he could get, at 5 s, the Piece; j„(j then put forth a Proclamation, to raife the Value of them (J;, He foon after produced an Order to pay and disband i^e Regiment that had been fent over by Sir John Berry -^ jiid accordingly he paid them off with thofe Pieces at 6 j. a piece; and they were forced to take them at that rate. This Lord however found very great Inconveniencies by Iij5 raifing the Coin, as well on account of his own Salary, lis Duty on Ships, as of the King's Taxes, v/hich were paid in Pieces of Eight at 6s.z piece : The Lofs was like to be more than his Gain, by injuring the poor Soldiers. He af- fefled a defpotick way of governing ; and, by his Proclama- Itjon, repeal'd feveral Laws. The Virginians began to be a- Ifriid that the Ads of their Aflembly would ftand in force L longer than the Governor Ihould think fit ; and that his mllaiit, PUafure would be fet over them inilead of Laws liuid Ordinances. This occafioned fre(h Murmurs, and had not Bacon\ Re- Ibellion been fo lately fupprefs'd, it might have ended in Mutiny. The Aflembly, at their next Seflion, to put a Stop |to lii^e Evils, paft a particular Adb to provide againil the ill IConveniencies of them. The Lord Colepepper did not ftay quite a Year in Virgi- \m before he embark'd for England. He left Sir Henry \chickeiy his Deputy- Governor, the Country well fettled, the Crop fo good, that the Planters made too much [Tobacco, by which the Market was glutted, and the Price fell yet lower : And this produced a new Riot; for fome g^ j mot about the Inhabitants, to raife the Price, agreed with their Neigh- 7o6j(c«. hours not only to deftroy their own Tobacco, but all the Plants round the Country, wherever they found them, while I they were yet in their Beds. Accordingly they cut up their own Hrft, and then did fo lifl other Plantations, whether the Owners confenced or loot. They deftroy'd a great deal of fweet-fcented Tobacco, lind threatned to cut up all^ but they had not Courage e- oough to ge through with their Defign. The Offenders 1 were feizcd, imprifon'd, tried and were condemned to be their Plant-cutting being adjudg'd to be Felony Sedition, and was declared to be fo by an hOk of the I next Aflembly.. The Lord Col£pepper returning in the following Year, be- 1680. m to think of trumping up his Title to the Northern Neck^ la large Territory containing feveral Counties. C c 4 Thefc mm ■I iM ■I I Ml •; *' 59« i ThLord polepcpper ftts f ' e Novthern Ktik. fhe Hiflory of Virginia. Thcfe Counties had the Privilege of fending ReprefenJ tives to the Aflembly, as well as the other : And the Alien bly being the fupreme Court, to which all othera were appeal, he was afraid his Propriety wotild never beallov by them j wherefore he contrived to get the Appeals out their Hands j and to that End, raifed fuch Divifions hetwe] the Reprefentatives and Council, that the f6rmer precendil to the fole Power of Appeals, were encouraged in their PrI tences fecretly by the Governor, till he had Iriftrudions frol the King; to whom having rcprefented the Quarrel to tl Pi(advantage of the Reprefentatives, h*-, Majefty order'd chl all Appeals fliould be made to the Governor and Counc and now this noble Lord thought he might put in his Clai] to the Northern Neck, by a Grant from the Crowl There were fevcral others concern'd in the Patent, and thcl he bought off; after which, he prevail'd with his Coulf Mr. Spencer, Secretary oi Virginia, who lived in the A/cr/zJ Neck, to fide with the Patent ; which he did till he died For his Lordftiip, notwitftanding he had broken the ok Conftitution of the Aflembly, thought 6t to proceed fair means, and engage as many of the Inhabitants as could to own his Propriety, as he did Col. Philip Luiw\ when he was in England, in the Year 1690. This Gentleman undertook to manage his Matters for hiti but could make nothing of it. Col. George Brent and Col. IVilUam Fitzhugh^ who all were Inhabitants of th^Neck, engaged, as Col. LudivelM jJone, to ferve him as their Proprietor ; but had no bete] Succeft than Col. Ludwtll, The People of the Neck addrefs'd the Aflembly, and thsj the King ; which had no EfFed, becaufe they had no gent in England to folicite the Afl&ir : So the Inhabitants b^ jng tired with expeding Relief in vain, and wearied by vex« tious Suits with the Proprietor's Agents, thought it rheirlij tereft to compound with him, and pay him Quit-Re The firft that did it was Col. Richard Lee, one of the Cbuij cil, whofe Example was followed by the reft; and Co Robert Carter, another of the Council, and one of thj greateft Freeholders of the Northern Neck, is at this time tlJ proprietor's Agent. \Ve have been the longer on this Propriety, becaufe i was the Occafion of altering the Conftitution of the Govern ijicnt ; and beljdcs, js a very large Parcel of the Colony. I muft own I have been extremely concern'd to fin Grants upon Grants to Creatures of the Times after th| defloration, of large Tracts of Land in America, that ha ' ' \- ^ - bee ne Hijlory o/' Virginia. 39 j ^ji difcovered, planted Aod fettled, at the fole Expence, IJJicnie and Hazard of private Perfons, who could only have liR^'ht ro the Property of them. If the Crown was at L (Charge of the Difcovery and Settlement, raoft certainly L Right iis in the Crown to fell or to give the Coun- L in whole or in Part, that was fo difcovered and fettled. This Northern Neck had before been granted to Henry Earl of St. Albans, y«9A» hox6 Berkley^ Sir JVilliatn Martin, znd Un fredway, Efq; but that hinder'd not its being granted py again to the Lord Colepeppcr^ after whofe Death k dine to his Daughter, married to the Lord Fairfax, whofe Son the prefent Lord Fairfax, has lately took a Voyage iliither in Perlbn, and caufed an exad Survey to be made of the Neck, in order, as Sir IVilliam Keith writes, to de- lermine Difputes about the Limits and Boundaries; and doubtlefi, with more fpecial Regard to the Qiiit-Rents of tie Premifes. In other things Lord Colif:ppcr*s Adminiftration was very commendable; he regulated feveral Abufes that had crept into the Pradice of the Courts, and prevented the Chtcan* ly, fo much complain'd of in England, which was beginning 10 corrupt the Law, and leflen'd the Expence the Clerks y contrived to put their Clients to. He demolifli'd the Forts built by Sir Henry Chickely, they being a great Charge indof little ufe to the Country. In their ttead he procured in kd. to be paft, for fome Troops of Horfe to range on [he Borders by turns, till there was no more fear of the \Ums. In the Year 1683 he returned 10 England, and would go 1^8}. thither no more ; upon which, Francis Lord Howard of Ef- ll^.l^^ll'H^ fnihaw, was fcnt over Governor. The Ix)rd Colepepper Kffinpium, liad declared his Kinfman Mr. Spencer Prclident of the Coun- Govirmr. cil, tho' there were other Members, who, with more Rea- fon, pretended to that Honour, being elder than he, and the oldell Counfellor ufed always to be Prefidenr, as the Prefident, in the Abfence of the Governor, or Deputy-Go- vernor, always fupplies his Place. Mr. Spencer's Prelidentfhip was attended with nothing re- markable. And the next Year, 1684,' the Lord Howard ,8^ arrived, with the fame Refolution to get Money as his Predeceflbr had done ; he condefcended to fliare the F'ees with his Clerks, obliged all Lawyers and Schoolmaders to ;:ke out Licences to teach and plead, for which they paid sccording to their Abilities j he extorted excefllve Fees for fealing Probats, Wills, and Letters of Adminiftration, with- out confidering the Value of the Eilates of the decc;;lcd : w * ,• fi.'i *. ' .t ii ff 394 l^e Hi/lory of Virginia. L( J.f mm He threw Men into Prifon, and kept them there witho Trials; he repeal'd Laws by Proclamation as much as him lay ; for the Judges did not mind thofe Proclamatioi but allow'd the Laws to be in as full force ar ever, one ccpted, and that was the Law for paying Quit-Rent which the Planters were permitted to pay Quit-Rent Tobacco at 2 ^. a Pound. Tobacco falling afterwards til Law v/as repeal'd byProclamation,and the Payment demand in Money, or Tobacco at a Penny a Pound. To which Order the yirginians fubmitted, no Man darij in that Cafe to ftahd Trial with the Governor, efpecially 1 caufe the Quit- Rent was referved in Money by the Words] 'is Patent. This Lord, by many other Exadions, fo exafperated Criony, that they fent Col. Ludwell over to England ' make their Complaints to the King. Mr. Ludwell 6\d\ that could be expedted from a wife and a faithful Ageq but did not prevail to have his Lordiliip removed. We are obliged, for Connexion of things, fometimes make bold with Chronology ; and the Convenience the R^ der will find in it, will, we hope, more than excufe Freedom we take. In the Year 1(^85, that fevere Duty, which hasfolo| ri-r Jmfcji on loadcd Tobacco, had been the Oocafion of felling ma Toiauo. thoufand Hog(heads at 12 d. a. Hogfliead, rather than the Cuftom and Charges was impofed on this Commodj three Months after King James's coming to the Crowj It was obtained when the Parliament were in a warm Fit I Loyalty, juil on the Duke of Monmouth-s landing. This Impofition is the original Caufe of all the btreightsal Hindrances in Trade and Circumflances which the Fir^ nians groan'd under above 50 Years, 'Tis amazing to co fider, that a Commodity, worth, when it grows, a Ha penny a Pound, (hould have fublifted fo long, above a Century, under the Weight of an Impolition mo than ten times the Value of the prime Coft. Sir IVilaii, Keith, who had been a Colledor of the Cuftoms, as well j t Governor, was fo little fenfiblc of this Preffure, that fays not a Word. This Duty has raifed above twenty Jions Sterling fiucc it was firft impofed. The Bill had been read before; but 'tis thought would 1 have paft fo cafily.^ if the Duke of Monmouth had not opportunely, and quicken'd it by his Rebellion, This heavy Impolition has been a great Difcoursgementj the Induflry of the Plantation, and is the Source of ail Mifcrics the Planters Cnce fufter'd, having kept them T«^85. The Hijlory of Virginia. 3^^ deprived them of the means to fupport themfelves in the War that foUow'd upon the Revolution. fhe Lord Howard fummon'd an Aflembly, who laid the Tax impofed upon Liquors imported from other Plan- Qos. The Pretence was for rebuilding the State- houfe, lich had lain in AHies ever fince Capt. Lawrence burnc \mi 'rown. His Lordfhip alfo ereded a Court of Chancery, and took ijff that Jurifdidtion from the general Court j he aflum'd Office of Chancellor, and the Counfellors were his ifters. He would not hold this Court in the State houfe, aufe the General Court ufed to fit there ; and therefore, ijippofition to them, he heard Caufes in a Dining-room 1 private Houfe. He exaded exorbitant Fees in his new Court, and made it nvery much to account. This Novelty was laid afide his Lordfliip's going for England, and the General Court in refumed their ancient Jurifdidion, which was as old as Colony. Aj the Lord Howard had (hewn an extraordinary Joy on ing James's Acceflion to the Throne, an Account of lich was publifhed in the Gazette ; fo be as joyfully pro- jmcd King PFilliam on the Revolution, and foon after It for England^ leaving Nathaniel Bacon^ Efq; Father of Nathaniel \Mcon^ Prefidentj during whofe Adminiftration the Pro-p^*^""' ^/^' of a College firit began. A Scheme of it was drawn up /icU'^'Je tlic Projedors, and prefented to :he Prefident and Coun-/'' "" /^f. who approving of it, the Matter was prepared to be before the Allembly. Tiie Prefident had not time to call one himfclf j for 'twas long before Francis Nichtlfon^ Efq; arrived with theFVmr^ rafter of the Lord Hoivard's Lieutenant. This Gentle- n; cimir -., I, on his Arrival, ftudied to grow popular, by all the ^' J' ^ /■/'' ining Arts which Pcrfons in Power make ufe of to cn- ;e the People : He made himfelf familiar with them, felicitous about improving Trade, and encouraging M,i- ifadures: He inftituted publick Games, and allotted Pri2.es fuch as excell'd in Riding, Running, Shooting, Wreftling Back-fword. He entcr'd heartily into the Projed ot College. That the Projed might not fland ft ill for want of En- ragement from the Aflembly, which was not then fitting, private Subfcription was propofed and agreed to by the ivernor, and 2500/. fubfcribed, Mr. Nicholfon and the nc I fetting the other Gentlemen of the Colony a good mple, Th^ London Merchants alfo contributed generoufly towards Wi fe' f is It* J iw 39^ The Hifiory of Virginia. I 'it 'm i6(ji- towards k; and in the next Year, when the Lieutea Governor fummon'd an Aflembly, the Matter was mj to them, who aloufly engaged in it, drew up an Ad to their Majefties King IVilliam and Queen Mary^ to a Charter for it, and fent the Reverend Mr. James Blairx England, to prefent it, and folicit the Aflair. The Aflembly pafs'd an A6t for the Encouragemen the Linen Manufa^ftures, the Leather Trade, ^c. and) other for Cohabitation; yet all the Laws for it avail'dl thing., no Town was built by rhcm^ nor even Jamei Td rebuilt to the State 'twas in, betbrc; 'twas burnt in the] kbellion. Mr. Nicholfon paid an t-ctracirdinary Refpt::'> to thefe all other Adts of the Aflcml-iyjgcv.miai., hitnff;V> always llJ by them iji the General Court. The Lord Howard was Jlfmifs'd from being princ Abi""''^ Governor in the Year 1692, and his Place ibpplied by Gli,xTnii Some Perfons, who were not endow'd with any publick Pri] ciple, were againft this Expence, the Impofuions with whij they were loaded in England and Virginia.^ keeping them 1, wavs low. And now a Tax of 1 5 y. upon each Cbriftij Servant, and 20 /. for each Negro, was laid upon theii Befides, this Year was very Ikkly, and the Crop fo Ihort, tli the Sb'ps returned home with not above one third Part their Loading ; but the next was healthy and plentiful. About the Year 1700, a Pirate came into Lynhoven-'^it near the Mouth of James River, and took out feme MeJ chant Ships that were fallen down there, in order to England. It bappen'd that a fmall Veflel canrw into the Ba] and faw the Pirate engaged with one of the Merchant- me This Veffel dipt by the Pirate, and got into the Rive where the Shot ^m, a Fifth Rate Man of War, Capt. Paiji^ ger Commander, lay, being newly arrived from England. There was another Man of War, a Sixth Rate, Capt. iired Commander, in Elizabeth River • but that was on th Careen, fitting out for a homeward Voyage. The Maftcr of th« fame Vcfiel pofted 10 Kiquotan^ whe the Governor happen'd to be at that time, to fend away !il Difpatches for England^ and Capt. Pajfenger was alfo gon thither to wait upon him, and pay his Refpe^s to hitn ( his Arrival. When the Captain heard of the Pirate's being in the h\ he was for haftening to his Ship as faft as he could, in hop to come up with him* The Governor detired him to ftay I Httle, and he wouid accompany him, fo he and Capt. fi?) fenger put to Sea, and getting between the Capes and tli River, forced the Pirate to come to an Engagement. Tti The Hi ftory of V\rpm2i, 399 llTie Fight was fliarp and bloody^ but at laft the Pirate ^*' ^'•*"''»''*' Ick, and furrendcr'd at Difcretion, the Captain of the !;|^'//^^*/'^'* [ivitcer and his Crew being to be left to the King's fit was reprefented by the Agents of the Colony of M-w- ^ji to King IVilUam^ that Virginia being fecured from Indians and French by Nnv-Tork^ as by a Barrier, the imnians ought to contribute cowards building the Fore ke. iTbe King referred the Matter to the Aflembly of Virginia^ the Governor thinl- I, and built two Forts for their Defence; Uit thefe are e demoliih'd. It runs 140 Miles up in the Country, is near a Mile broad as high as JamesXlny. It opens fclf diredly JVe/i^ from Cape Henry j is navigable for e Ships 100 Miles. The firft County on. the South tide it is Norfolk County, which borders on Carolina, Iij this Shire ftands the Pariih of Elizabeth ; it contains I112019 AcreS) and is water'd by Elizabetht which rifes in and runs into Jamti River, between Eaft-Bay and Weft^- ly. The next is, frincefs Ann County, on the Coaft, in which are 98305 icres of Land, and the Parifli of Lynhaven V, below Cape [«ry. The next is, Nanfetrmnd County, in which are 151 172 Acres of Land, three ParifheLi, Upper Pari/h, Lower Parijh and Chuc- iwif, all vacant. The River Nanfamond rifes in this ire, and falls into Jam«s River, above Benmth Creek. le next is, Iftof Wight County; in which are 14279(1 Acres of iind, and two Pariilies, Warwick- Squeek and Newport. lere's alio a Spring that vent$ aimoft as great a Source of ater as Holy-Well in Wales, The next is, Surry County; in which are 11 1050 Acres of Land, id two Parifhes, Smthuiark V, snd Lyms Creek. The i\ is, Hmrico County, the uppermoft on the South- fide of Wj River j it contains 148787 Acres of Land, and two D d 3 Pariihes, ;;^-; I h Pi . * '' ri 4®$ The Hiflory of Virginia. Pariflies, Henrico and Brijiol The next, over-againft \ on the North-fide of the River, are, r Prince George and Charles City Counties j in which aj 161239 Acres of Land, and three Pariflies, Martin-Brana,, Wyanoke^ Wejiowr. The Pariflies in the three laft Countii are all fupply'd with Miniftcrs. In the County of Hm\ there was a Town call'd Henricopolisy which is fallen t Decay, Twenty Miles above the Falls is the Momca Town, where the French Refugee'; havc fettled. And ne below Charles County, on the North-fide of the River, is] James County ; in which are 108362 Acres of Land, an five Pariflies, of which one lies on the other Side of iji River, as does part of the County. The Pariflies are /tJ lini/ord and Wilmington^ James City, Merchants Hundrtd\ on the South-fide of the River, and Bruton, This is rej koned the chief County, becaufc James City ftands in it, in a Peninfula on the Nortlj fide of James River, about 40 Miles from the Mouth of There are feveral Brick Houfes in it, and Taverns Eating-houfes, for the Convenience of Voyagers and Trij vellers; but th? Buildings arc not many nor contiguou not above 60 or 70 Houfes in all. In this Town theil "wer« formerly two or three Forts, and many fair Strectj but they have been ruined by Fire and Revolutions in th Government, or rather in the Difpofitipn of the Goyei nors. The Removal of the Courts of Juftice to wi liamjfadty by Col. Nicholfon-^ his refiding and holding Seflions of Aflembly and General Court there, and th building the College there, help'd to keep Jatnes Town i| the mean Condition he found it j and the Humour of th Virginians to live upon Plantations, feem'd to forbid tb^ City to hope for an Inaeafe of Houfes and Inhabitants. Ic was long fince obferved, that this Town, or rathd this intended Town, and every other Settlement on a River] Side, where the Water was brackifli, produced flow inteif iriitting Fevers and Agues, which was a very good Re fon, had there been no other, for removing the capiti Seat to Williamsburghy a dry and healthy Situation. Not far from James City Sir William Berkky built handfom Houfe for his Refidence, call'd Greenfpring^ wherl • is a Spring fo ccld, that 'tis dangerous to drink of it in Summer-time. In the (ame County (lands Williamsburg^ which, before the late Governor remove thither, was called Middle Plantation^ is about feven Mile firom James City within Land. In this Towp are 20 oj h y- ne Hijiory o/* Virginia.' Houfes, and the Publick Aflembly and Courts are held ej yet neither thefe Advantages, nor that of the College Academy founded there, could procure it a better Fi- 'gthan that of a Country Village. Here is a fcnall Fort, rather Battery, mounted with lo or it Guns, which ;e brought thither from James City, by Order of Coh Ithlfon^ who caufe-l a State-houfe or Capital to be erefted, feveral Streets to be laid out in the Form of a Tf^i but do not find that a Vy or one Angle of it is yet finifli'd, or -er likely to be fo. liVhat follows is taken from the Accounts written by R. Bi J. and Hugh Jones^ A. M. Fellow of the College here. lere are three publick Buildings here, which are faid to be moft magnificent of any in America, the College, the ipitol, and State-houfe, as it was formerly call'd. Not far jm this is alfo built the publick Prifon of the Country for ;riininals, which is a large and convenient Strudure, with itrtitions for the different Sexes, and diflind Rooms for ty Offenders j at the End of that, another Prifon for ibtors. The Governor's Houfe, not the largeft, but by the moft beautiful of the other. It was granted by Aflembly in Governor Notte's time, begun in Prefident hnningi's timcj but received its Beauty and Conveniency, r the many Alterations and Decorations, of Governor Spotf- nd. In his time was alfo built a new Brick Church and Irick Magazine for Arms and Ammunition, and the Streets the Town alter'd from the fanciful Form of W's and I's to much more Conveniencies. Thefe are all ercdied Middle Plantation, now named Williamsburgh ; they are 111 built of Brick and covered with Shingle, except the Debtors Prifon, which is flat-roof 'd, a new and very ufeful lovention of Governor Spot/wood : but Mi. R.B. was vci-y Uorant, if he thought flat Roofs jp, new fr vention. Mr. \^uih Jones, A. M. writes, the Front of th« College, which looks due Eaft, is double, and 136 Foot long, a lofty Pile iivanced with a Cupola. At the North-end runs back a Wing, which is a handfom Hal:. There is a fpacious hiu on the Weft-fidc, from one Wing to the other. It iapproach'd by a good Walk, and grand Entrance by Steps, with good Courts and Gardens about it, with a good Houlie and Apartments for the Indian Mafter and his Scho- krS) Outhoufes and a large Paflure inclofed like a Park, with about 150 Acres of Land. The Building was model'd by Sir Chrijiopher Wren, and fince it was burnt, has been Kbuilt, nicely contrived, alter'd and adorned by the Direc- tion of Governor Spot/wood^ and is not altogether unlike Dd 4 Chelfea 407 'S'% % I- i;*i. ilitf .Hi 408 ^l^e Hiftory of Virginia, Chtlfta Hofpical. Mr. Jones {vj% he haJ been Fellow of th College feveral Years ; his Salary 80/. a Year, and 20 s. \\ pillage, when Pupils whereto be had. TheFijUors appoid a Hoaie-keeper, Mrs, Margaret Stithy who boarcjs the m Iter and Childiera at a very cheap rar ;. Fronting the College, near its who' Breadtli, is extended ' noble Street, the learned Author does not Jay of how man Houfes^ mathematically right, for the firtt Defign of tli Town's Form is changed to a much better, juft three quarte) of a ^^ile in Lei^gth; at the other End of which ftands til Capitol y as noble, beautiful and commodious a Pile as any of ij kind In this is the Secretary's Office, with all the Courl of Juftice and Law, as in England^ except the Ecchfiajrul Courts^ the Want of which, however, the reverend Au:ha ' does not openly complain of. Here the Governor twelve Counlellors fit as Judges at the General Couru il April or Osiober^ &c. The Building is in the Form of al H i the Secrdar/& Office and the General Courts taking J one Side below Stairs ^ che Middle being a handfom Poi tic(i leaning to the Clerk of the AJfemWs Office and th Houfe of Burgeftes on the other Side, which laft is not un like the Houje of Csnmons. In each Wing is a good Stair- Cafe, one leading to thj Council Chamber. Over the Portico is a large Room fcf Conferences, where Prayers are read to the Aflcnibly bj the Chaplain my Author, Hugh Jones^ A. M. At one Fnl of this is a Lobby, and near it tne Council's Office j at ihj i other End are Rooms for the Committee of Claims, Pr\ viltjes and EleSlions^ and over all thefe are Offices for tli( Receiver General^ Auditor^ "Treafurery &C. Parallel to the main Street mentioned, is a Street on nz\ Side ; but neither quite fo long nor broad ; and at propc Diftaiices are fmali crofs Streets, for the Convenience 01 Communication. I am at a very great Lofs how to acj commodate thefe Streets with Houfes ; for there may bj twice as many as when I firft wrote of Virginia^ and yet not above fourfcorc Houfes in the whole City. Near the Miiddle ftands the Church, which is a la ftrong Piece of Bruk^work, built in the Form of a Croji\ adorned and convenient as the beft Churches in London. Near this is a large o&agon I'owerj a Magazine tor Art and Ammupition. Not far from hence is a large Area ^ot a Market-^lace \ whether theie u a Market or no',, Mr. Jones does not teU IIS; but near it is a good Bowluig-Green and a Play houfe] \ %m very doubcful of the Excellenqe of the Pcrfoniiance on "1 thffi The Uiftory <>/ Virginia. , 4ogt firginian Stage, notwithftsnding the Genius for Poetry, ich Mr. Jen£s has given us a Spe(;imen of in his own Hi- f j^ Ifk/s the Church, and George its Defender ; (.V/z/^r/ ^^^ pack'd in the Hoglhead, and then fo prefs'd, Hogfhead will fometimes weigh 14 or 1 500 /. Weight, antj ibme particular Crops of the moft careful planting of thij Commodity hare frequently been fold at the Key for 12 (3 a Pound. This Spot of Ground, fo happily fituated, has alfq Convenience of two Inlets, navigable by fiat-bottom'd Bcatsi the one runs from Jamfs River, and ftretches North a-croiS the Land about r Miles, t'-- a fafe Landing-place. Theo^ ther runs South from Tor): Kivcr up into the Land ; fo thai there is a Space only of one Mile between the landing ol thefe two Inlets, and that Mile a gravelly wholefom where ftarids the Capital JViUiamiburgh^ which, by means oi thefe two Inlets or Creeks, commands the Navigation o| James River and Tork River. The College here is, by thii time, I fuppofc, in worfe Condition thin when I firft men{ •/jimeswtioned ir, and ^\x IViUiam Keith's writing of it is worth reJ York Rivtr. pcatiiig : " As to the College creded in Virginia^ and othen ** Defigns c»f the like Nature, which have been propofed m " the Encouragement of Learning, ic is only to be obferved in general, that tho' great Advantages may accrue to M^^ther State, both from the Labour and Luxury ot wi Plantations j yet they will probably b^e miftakcn who inia-| gine that the Advancement of Literature and the Ir provement of the Arts and Scien*' 1 in our Br'ttijb Cokwic will be of any Service to rhe Brttijb%xsxt, After the Indian Maffacre, 'twas propofed todrawaPaic] fh>m one River to the other, and wholly clearing the Coun- try of Savages, to live fecure between the two River$, where! theyr Willlamf- burgh Mm- 7H4tndi the u i.1 cc «4 He Hiftory of Virginia. had the Convcniency of Ships coming within a few iiles of every Houfe ; we xnuft go up higher into the hiintry, and following the Courfe of the River through Ikabethy Warwick and Tork Counties, before-mentioned, ecome to Jjnv-Kent^ containing 1 713 14 Acres of Land. This is jge of the largeft and moft populous Counties in Virginia, m watcr'd by the Southern Branch of the River York^ and L two Pariines in it, Blifsland and Sc. Peur's, The hdlttxn Bounds of this County and the next are certain IHills, out of which iifue forth a glittering Sand, like the kjlingsof Braf9, which Sand was, as is ihewn in the Hiftory, iBSaken for Gold by the firft Planters. The next County liothis, nearer the Falls, is I King William County; in which are 84324. Acres, and jaie Parifli, St. John's: Pamunky runs through it; 'tis the Isouthern Branch of Turk River. On the South of this lies i:/»^ and .^«^/«*s County ; containing 13 1715 Acres of lUnd, and two Parifhes, Straton-Major and St. Stephens, m'mhomony River rifes in it, and falls into James River, lottr Bromjield's Plantation. From this County, returning lihrough Kin^ William County, and New-Kent, down the iKorth fliore of T§rk River, we conic to Gbuetjitr County ; the beft peopled of any in the Coun- |lfy. It has 142450 Acres of Land in it, and 4 Pariwck River, about three Leagues from tli Mouth of it. There are two Parinics in this CountJ Chriji-church and St. Maryh WhtUchappeK The next . this, and the laft in the Province, on the South-lhore Patowmack^ is l^orthumberland County j in which are two Parifh Churche. Fairfield and Bowtracy V, and IViccemoco. There is a Rive of the fame Name WUcomocoy which rifes in this Counjy and rims into the Bay ac the Mouth of Patowmack RivJ which is the Northern Bounds of rirginiat and divides from Maryland. The River Patowmack, where it falls into the Bay ol Chefeapcaky is 7 Miles broad, and from its Mouth to thj Falls 140 Miles. There are Catarads in it 40, 50 and ^ Miles from its Source at the Foot of the Mountain At the Falls this River is divided into feveral Branches, on) of which extends North-Well a great way j another iiretche Sou^h-Weft, and comes out from behind the Apalai\m\ Mountains, which divide the Waters that run Eaftward intd the Sea, from thofe that flow Weftward and fall into thd Mifftjjippi. Thus it appears, that by means of thefe WaJ ters that vaft River m«y be approach'd by the Englijl 8 The MifTif- 9*30 Miles from the Mouth of it j and that the French havJ f;rpi R-vtr no morc Power than Right to ulurp and engrofs the Navi] ,«Y««''^En/;-gationof it, whenever the Bnglijh (haU have the fame De] i^'ierVh. ^ii^e to it as They have. Col. Spot/wood^ a wife enterprizini Governor, traverfed the great Mountains, and had probal .bly extended his Difcoverics as far beyond it as that RiverJ i^ he had been duly encouraged. Sir fVilliam Keith writes? If the Engli/}}^ as one time or other they probably mayJ extend their Settlements in (Virginia beyond the grcad Mountains, and come to poffefs on the Lake Evk, and! fo far back as the Branches of the River M/Jjijjipply the! Indian Trade would be ver^ coniider&ble, and cauie luchl c< « er of Sloops and fmall Boats, to convey their iTobacco and Merchandize from and to the Ships that lie in m greater Rivers, or in the lefs. We have faid little of pgreateft River of them all, Patowmeck^ becaufe 'tvvill as Ijsioperly come under the Article of Maryland^ being the [Boundary of that Province on the Weftem-iide of Virginia, [it ca&Qoc be expected;, that in fo liitle a Map as tnat is wbich 4'5 ;i! 9, IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 !.l b4|28 |2.5 1^ 1 2.2 u Bis »"■■ 2.0 Ik lAO 1.8 1.25 II ,.4 1 1-6 1 ^ 4 6" — ► <^ V Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. UStO (716) 872-4S03 ■^■^" ^t6 ^^ Bi/fory fl/'Vifgmk. which is annex'd to this Hiftdiy, ft) full a JDefcrlpiion be tfiadfi of yir^inia^is frt thfc large oAe; but thte is the iwv,, Survey; attd the Country is divided into the Counties that i, the prcfent Divifions of it, there being at this time fix J ones> PriflCe George, Princefs Ame^ King IVtlllam^ n and ^eett, Richmond attd Steward. In the former SurvJ there were but 19 Counties; in this all of them areinclJ ed) together with as taany Plantations is Would Hand in] inud^ Room ; aiid the fame Care has been taicen in Maps of the other Countries. ■ ^ : ' C Ft A P IIL Of the Inhabitants, and flrft of the Indians ; thi Government, Religion, Manners and Cuftomi of the Englift), Mailers,' Servants and Slave their Numbers, Strength and Way of Living] •flTHEN the Efigli^ firft difcovcr'd Virginia, the ^^ dians were divided into feveral Nations, as thcKmrl ibansj the fVeanocks^ the Arrahattocksy the Appemetocks^ tl Nanfemunds^ the Chefeapeaksy the Pajpahogesy who poflcfJ the Ground where James City now ^ands. Thefe TriB or Divifions inhabited the Country lying on the River ?; batan^^ or Jamts River. On the River Pdmunke there dwj the Nations of the Toungtanundi and the Mattapaments. Rappahanock, or Toppahanock River, thd Manahoaa^ t| Moraughtacundsy and the Cuttatdtvomtns. Tht Country < which the Englijh landed, when Capt. Barlow and 6^ Amidas difcovered it, was called IVingandacooy and the Kii of it fyingina. It lies Southward of the Bay of Chifnapel iicsa the Frontiers of Florida. Sometitnes tiie King of oj of thefe Nations made War on the reft, and conquej three or four of them ; the Donninion of Whit:h gene after his Death, fell ti^ck to the natural Princes ofthd Ciountpies. All thefe Nations are now entirely ruined, cafione^ partly by their Feuds^ atnong themfelves, and by their Wars with the Englijh, who are Matters of all Countries which they fornierly poflefs'^d : The Englijh^ their Convenience, 01' but of Humanity, fuiSer'd them enjoy their l«ifvei snd Ltbercies, and frequently ^nter'd ini L..L.: ' Leagul ity, fuiSer'd them ^be Hijiory of Virginia. es with them, which the faithlefs Savages kept no r than they were forced to it. Thofe who dwell upon Borders of the Province, which only retains the Name Virginia at this^ Day, were the moft treacherous and to the Englijb of all the Indian Nations. The People Wingandacoa were affable and courteous to the firft Ad- iiurcrSjWhile Grangammeoy Winginc^s elder Brother, reign'd. Wife alio did many good Offices to the Engiijhy who af- ards attempted to fettle on the Ifland oiRoenoke-^ but at- Grangammeo's Death, tVinginOy who perhaps liked them ter for Dealers than for Neighbours, behaved himfelf treacheroufly towards themj and when a Party of them going towards the Kingdom of the Mangoacs, in queft Copper-Mines, he ftirred up feveral Tribes againft them, particularly Temoatan^ Prince of the Moratoesy whofe ither Enfenore prevented his falling upon them ; and Me- my King of one of thofe Tribes, courted their Friend- by Prefents of Pearl, as did Oki/co King of the IVeopome- , who fubmitted to become tributary to the Queen of jand. IVingina finding all his Contrivances to deflroy m were difappointed, thought it his Intereft to afFed: a Inendlhip for them, as the other Kings did; but this iendlhip lafled no longer than till he had an Opportunity (hew his Treachery, and when he thought he had them an Advantage, he fell upon them, who putting his wild y to flight, took him Prifoner, and cut o£F his Head. EngUfti being forced to abandon thofe Setdements, t. Smith founded the prefent one, as we have elfewhere led, in the Dominions of Powhatan King of Wicomoco^ warr'd with the Englijh all his Life- time, except a few [ervais of Peace, and the fame did his SuccefTor Oppe- moughy the laft Prince of any Fame of the Savages, lyfell to decay after his Death, and tho*they committed eral Murders on the Borders, 'twas rather like the Sallies Robbers from their lurking Holes, than the IncurOons of war-like Nation. They are now brought fo lew, that Englj/h are not in the leaft fear of them^ having it in Power to extirpate them whenever they pleafe ; but ferve them in Hunting and Fowling, and other Services; diis the chiefefl, if not the only Caufe of their Prefer- on. One may judge, by Oppecancanough's Greatnefs^ we are told could bring 20000 Men into the Field, had $1\ the Indian Tribes been united, it would have impoffible to have made a Settlement with fucb fmall iiUBbets as the Englijh brought over, or from time to "^ felt to Virginia, Of all the Nations that were then £e in 417 (■■ "! . i m *.' I > 4i8 ^e Hi/iory of Virpnh: in being, at which time two or three thousand Bow-tne lived in a Town together, the few that remain are fcatter up and down on the Frontiers of the Engl{/h Plantatior and tho* they live in Towns, or what fome call Cities, \. may perceive, hy the following Account of them, they ai reduced fo low, that the Hand of Providence appears vifibll in their Deftrudion. They are much more afraid of the Indians who inhat higher up in the Country, than of the Englljh, to whoJ they pay Tribute of three Indian Arrows and 20 Beaver-skid each Town, for Protisdion. On the North-fide of the Bay, In Accomac are 8 Towns, vt%» MaUmkin^ GiugoUque^ Kiqmtan^ Matchepungo^ Occabanocky Pungotequi, Oanancocky ChiconeJfeXy Nanduyey Gangafcoiy JVyanokij jfypamatioxy Nottawayss^ Mtnheringy Nan/amundy Pamuttkyt, Lately almoft depopulated by the Small-Pox. | Whit is left of this Place is now Part of th Kingdom of a Prince, who reigns over Nation of Maryland Indians. Almoft ruin'd. Some few Families remain there. There a few Families are alfo yet in being. Governed by a Queen ; a fmall Nation. Has but 4 or 5 Families. Not any more. Governed by an Emprefs, to whom all die Nj tions on the Coafts are tributary. In the County of Northamptony bordering Accomac^ as numerous as all the other Nl tions put together. On the South- of the Bay are, In Prince George Coun^, almoft come to nj thirg. The Remains of this Tribe are go to Xist. with other Indians. In Charles City. Thefe live on Col. Bf\ Lands ^ about 7 Families; they were fa merly a great Nation. In Surrey. This King can raife 100 Bow-me the iDoft thriving People of all the Vir^ nian Indians. By Nanfamund: Has about 30 Bow-men. About 30 Bow-men, and increafeof late. in King H^tUiam County, has 40 Bow-( they decreafe. Chick\ Tie Hifiory ^Virginia. mikahfitfienyflaa 16 Bowmen ; they increare, "and were a ' powerful People when the Engitjfh firft landed here. Ij^i&tfif0ri, In EJix-y has but a few Families, and they live I fcatter*d on the Englijh Seats. Ifirt-Tobagfff In Richmond, 5 Bow-men. \ftccom. Of which Nation there are now but three Men living, who retain the Name of their Kingdom, and the particular Cuftoms of their Anceftors. Of this People Powhatan was at firft King, and conquerM feveral others after them. If thefe three Men have a King, he muft be of the ^me Rank with Trincolo in the Tempeft, the Nation being much of the fame Size. Thefe Men are very proud of their Original, and live by themfelves, feparaie from either the other Indians, or the Englijh, Were all thefe Nations or Tribes united, they could not 500 fighting Men; a poor Army, compared to th6 fviinian Militia, which, as we fhall make appear in this pter, conHftsofnear 16000 Men. Thofe miferable Wretches ftill follow the Religion and Cuftoms of their Anceftors ; and are not become either DOre pious or more polite by the Company of the Englijh. As ©their Religion, they have all or them fome dark Kotion of God j and fome of them brighter ones, if my lothor may be believec*, who had this Confeffion from the outh of an Indian, Ihat they believed God was univerfalfy MJicent: That his Dwelling was in Heaven above, and the }^jkences of his Goodnefs reached to the Earth beneath : That \vnas incomprehenjible in his Excellence, and enjoy* d all pcf" |i/< Felicity : Thai his Duration was eternal, his Perfe^idfi tndltfs J and that he pofjejfes everlajling Indolence and Eaje. I far the Savage talked as rationally of the Being of i d, as a Chriftian Divine or Philofopher could liavedond t twhen he came to juftify their worlhipping of the Devil, om they call Okee^ his Notions Were very heterodoi. He lid, Tis true God is the Giver of all good Things ; but they fD naturally and fromifcuoujlyjroni him : That they art Uitr'd down upon all Meti indifferently, without DiJlinSfion: \t God does not trouble bimfetf with the irnpertitiem Affoitt ^Men, nor is concerned at what they do j but leavis them i6 ii the mo/i 0/ their free WtlU and io Jecure as fnariy di ^ can of tht good things that flow from him'^ that tbvrefori £ e 2 - f"* 419 ■■^' 1. ■ ,v i i km mft 420 Tie Htfiory «/ Virginia. it was to no purpo/e either to fear or worjhiphim: But ontl contrary t if they did not pacify the evil Spirit^ he would rui their Health, Peace and Plenty, he being always vifttin? thi in the /fir, T^mder, Storms, &c. As to the iJol which they all worfliip, and is kept inl Temple, caU'd ^diocu/an, he feemM to have a very j] diflferent Opinion of its D'mmvf, and cried out upon « Juggling of the Priefts--- This Man does not talk like a coij mon Savage, and therefore we may luppofe he had ftudj] the Matter more than his Countrymen, who, for the Genl rality, pay a great deal of Devotion to the Idol, and worflil him as their chief Deity. Their Priefts and Conjurers are highly reverenced by then They are given extremely to Pawawing or Conjuring; ari one of them very lately conjured a Shower of Rain for cd Byrd'^ Plantation in a time of Drought, for two Bottles i Rum. We are not apt to give Credit to fuch fupernatuil Events : and hud we not found this in an Author who was i the Spot, we ftiould have rejeded it as a Fable. . Their Prielts promife fine Women, eternal Spring, every Pleafure in Perfedion in the other World, whij charm'd them in thisj and threaten them with Lakes Fire and Torments, by a Fairy in the Shape of an old Wj man. They are often bloody in their Sacrifices, and oti up young Children to the Devil. They have a fuperftitioj Ceremony among them, which they call Huskanawing^ an is perform'd thus : They fliut up ten or twelve young Me the moft deferving among them, about 20 Years of' Age, a Arong Inclofure, made on purpofe, like a Sugar-loaf, z{ every way open like a Lattice, for the Air to pafs throu They are kept, there for feveral Months, and are allowed' have no Suftenance but the Infufion or Decodion of poifoi cus intoxicating Roots, which turns their Brain, and x\\ ^un ftark mad. py this *tis pretended they lofe the Remembrance of 1 foi;mer things, even of their Parents, Treafure, Langua^ as if they had drunk of the Water of Oblivion, drawn outl the Lake Lethe. When they have been in this Condition as long as th^ Cuftom direas, they leffen this intoxicating Potion^ ai by D^rees the young Men receive the Ufe of their Senfq 6ut before they are quite well, they are ihown in thi Towns ; and the Youth who have been husianaw'd urc afhj to difcover the leaft Sign of their remembring any thing { their paft Lives ; for, in fuch Cafe, they muft be huskanau again ; and they are diiciplined (b Severely the fecond tia l^c it generally kills them. hi{\ 7})f "Hiftory of Virginia. After the young Men have pafTed this Trial, they are Cm- 0jftty or Men of Quality in their Nations -, and the In- '0 fay they do it, to tah away from Youth all Childijh mjjioniy and that Jirong Partiality to Per/on s and Things^ tick is contraSied befort Reafon comes to take place. fhc Indian Prieftsj to comniand the Refpedt of rhe Peo- make themfelves loolr as ugly and as terrible as they can. j Conjurers always (hare with them in their Deceit, and ,1 gain by it. The Indians confult both of them before they )on any Enterprize. There are no Priefteffes or Witches ng them. .They ere6l Altars on every remarkable Oc- jn, aad have Temples built like their common Cabins, which thdr Idol ftands, and the Corps of their King^ jd Rulers are preferved. They have no fort of Literature among them ; and their ny of communicating things from one to another, is by ieroglyphicks. They make their Accounts by Units, Tens, Sidreds, ^c. as the Englijh do ; but they reckon their pars by Cohonks, or Winters, and divide every Year into Seafbns, the Budding-time, the Earing of the Corn, 1 Summer, the Harveft, the Winter. The Months they count by Moons. They divide the hy into three Parts, the Rife, Power, and Lowering of t Sun ; and keep theh" Accounts by Knots on a String, [Notches on a Stick. Of which Capt. Smith relates a ant Stdry : That when the Princefs Podahonta came for '^/ccafioned by the fmall . . ' ■ Numbe abitants, their RifJ the Hifiory 0/ Virginia. ober of Women chat came over, the firft Planters being [jiird put to i^ that they made no Scruple to buy a Wifie, I to accept of any Woman that could give a tolerable Ac- ot of her Vittue. Womm were not To fcarce after- ^, when the Colony was come to a fort of Perfedtion, Families tranf^rced themfelves thither from Englandy [pend their Fortunes, and others to enjoy that Liberty of Mcience which was denied them at home, in the Reisn \CharUs Ik and his Son Charla H. Befides which, le- Royalifts removed thither during the Rump and Oiivtr'$ itions. hj this means the Colony has fo increafed in Numbers, [there are now, by the niceft Computation, near 70000 D, Women, and Children in Virginia^ including the uh Refugees, the Inhabitants of the Northern Ntci, and tMegro Servants, who are but a few, in Comparifon to I Sugar Planutions. Of thefe the Men are more nu- in Proportion than the Women, occaHoned by greater nbers of them going over thither; tho*, of late Years, Ibasbeen cuftomary for young Women, who are fallen into ^ ace in England^ or are Ul ufed by their Parents, to ifport themfelves thither, and, as they fay, Try their msy which have often been very favourable. The pie of Virginia are, as in England^ diftinguiHied by the Qes of Mafters and Servants. The Diftindions of the lers are by their Offices or Birth, and of the Servants, iiich as are for Life« and fuch as are for a Termj of ;; tho* N^roes and their Poflerity are all Servants for 1; the white Men and Women for as many Years as they I themfelves } and if they don't bind themfelves by par- ar Indentures, the Laws of the Country oblige them to ve till they are four and twenty Years of Age, if they are itt nineteen when they commence their Service } if above, : Term is fet to five Years, and then they are as much ntled to the Liberties and Privileges of the Place, as any ithe Inhabitants or Natives are. Their Mafters, when r Times are out, are obliged to give each Servant fifteen liels of Corn, and two new Suits of Clothes, Linen and |FooiIen ; befides each of them may take Pofleffion of 50 I of unpatented Ground, if he can find any ; which is a vilege that makes a Noii'e, and is tempting to the poor atures who go over; but is not worth the naming, for iCrown will purchafe it at any time. « [TheLawsof r/r^/«M take great Care for the good Ufage f Servants, as to NecelTaries, Diet and Clothes : And the m of the Country, which cpnfifts chiefly in Tilling, 3 , manuring 425 V ■^Cil \\\* ,'! IV 4J.26 7i6^ HiJIcry of Virginia. manuring the Ground, (owing and pbuiring Tobacco, ii i cafy, thar, as hard Work as 'tis reprdcnt«d to be, the T Labourero in England are much the greater Slaves, if Work and hard Living are Signs of Slavery. The Servants and Slaves are never lifted in the Miiltj] the Country ; but every Freeman, frofin 16 to 60 Ye of Age, is enroll'd, and obliged to mufter once a Ye, . * Their Number is in all 9522, of which 23^3 are LIm Horfe, and 7159 Foot and Dragoons, acconiing to i following Schedule, taken in the Year 1703, by which 1 Reader will have a clear View of the Strength of f^irgkl without including the Northern Ntck^ or the French rJ gees at the Monachan Town, which may increafe the Nuq ber of Souls to near 70000. Cnuntte* Number Mal«s. 1 Pemalei ^4ilida. Hurfe. Fi'ot Naincj* of Suuii. and &Dn 1 ; .*■■ 1.,; Chil'Srea. , Kuoni. 1 Henrico, 2+13 P'5 1498 3+5 98 241 Prince George 1 ■ 1 and > 4045 1406 2639 625 303 422 Charles City, J Surrey, 2330 880 1350 350 62 288 I/Je of Height, 2714 841 1873 5H 140 374 Nanfamund, 2530 1018 1512 59« 142 449 Norfolk, 2279 7«7 1572 380 48 332 Princejs Anne, 2037 686 I351 284 69 21? 'James City, York, 2990 1297 1693 401 123 178 ^357 1208 1142 390 68 215 IVarwitk, »377 282 89 V 201 49 15a Eitxabeth City, 1188 469 719 196 54 14a New-Kent, 3374 1325 2049 420 120 300 King IVilliam, 1834 803 1031? .598? ' 691 189 King and ^een^ 2842 1244 509 Glocejier, 583+ 2628 3206 594 121 473 Middlefex, . 1^32 77<^ 8>6 •99 56 H3 1 , £M^'^^ 2400 1090 1301 438 •39 299 Richmond, ... 2^22 1392 1230 504 122 382 Stafford, ■•'■■ 2033 8d3 1170 345 84 261 IVejlmor eland. 2736 1131 1605 451 133 318 Lancnjier^ 2155 941 1214 271 42 229 Northumberland^ 2099 1168 931 522 130 092 Accomack, 2804 1041 1763 456 lOI M5 Northampton, 2081 712 1369 347 70 277 60606; 25023 1 355 83] 95 z2 I2353 1 7159 mia. Anting Tobtccai, I :nted to be, the I groiier Slavei, if laverjr. fted in the Militij otn 1 6 to (Jo Yt muftcr once i Ye, Mch 13^3 are LigJ tM, according to 1703. by which tl Strength of yirgJ or th« French RtJ ay incrcafc the Nu Miiitia. Horfe. F.-ot 345 98 247 j ^^1 303 m 350 51+ 59« 380 284. 401 ^90 aoi 196 4.20 6^1 59+ •99 438 504 345 271 52a 456 347 62 288 HO 37+ 142 44;, 4* m 69 aid 123 278 (J8 215 49 153 54 Ha 120 300 189 509 121 473 56 143 '39 299 122 382 84 2^1 133 318 42 22^ 130 092 70 277 95221235317159 Tie Hiftory of Virginia. WK, B.*» Nnu Hyttry are four Counties idded. King f/»» Spet/ylvaniay Hanqvir County, Brunfwick County ; |]0 taka no Notice of the Number of Inhabitants in ,^ and as they naade Part of one or other of the above- icloned Counties, when the Militia was mufter'd, they J be therein included. [geTides the Englijh Inhabitants, there are now feveral hun- iof /r#Mr/^ Refugee Families, who were fent thither by r U^tlliam, Thefe Refugees had a very rich Territory ned them, twenty Miles above the Falls of ''funus River, i°(he South* lide of the River, formerly the Habitation of [\^ar-liice Nation of the Indians^ called the Monachans ; I cbe Town where the Fnnch Proteftants fettled, is call'd jMcMchan Town. f The AiTembly has granted them great Privileges, and been Diiful in their Charity to them, for their Encouragement. ^arealfo very much oblind to the Geneiofity and Pro- 90 of Col. Byrdy whofe Friendfliip has been ferviceabks I them on nnany Occafions. They are an induftrious Peo- have mad» excellent Wine there, even of the wild grapes, and are upon feveral Improvements, which will be I much to their own Advantage, and that of the Colony. tis computed that the Number of Souls which either Be over at firft, or fince, or have been born in the iintry, amounts to near twelve hundred French. And Northirn Neck beine larger than the largeft of the „]r Counties, and almon as populous, may contain about [thoufimd; fo that the whole Number of Souls in the Pro- ct oi f^irglniay exclufive o( Maryland, is about 70000. The Increafe tince the Year 1710, by .Births and new bmers, is computed at 30000^ fo the whole Compuia- lis 1 00000 Souls.. R. B. in his Account of the Militia^ makes them to be ^Sooo Freemen in the Year 1 722. Now add to thefe zooo the French Increafe, and an half for the Servants, wiih ! Increafe of Females and Children to that time, the Com- itation of 1400C0 Souls in all, will be moderate. As to the Cuftoms and Manners of the Virginians^ they ! the fame with the Englijh -^ and one may as well go about )dercribe the Manners and Cuftoms of any one particular jnty of England feparate from the reft. Their Diet is foraewhat ditFerent, fo is their Clothing, as ifo their Sports and Paftimes, and Difeafes, occa(ioned by ! Difierence of the Climates. Befides Beef, Mutton and [feal, which the Virginians have in plenty, tho' not fo good ills kind as we have in England^ they have Pork, Bacon, and 427 .1; 'i ^ • , I Ml 3 r IV 5 i l t'»«l S' »-i 428 ^e Hiftory of yirpmz, and all forts of came and wild Fowl, better than any of (■ feveral Kinds that are in England, Pork is fold from i ^. to 3 ^. a Pound ; a large Pullet 6^. a Capon for %d. Chickens 3^. a Doxen; Deer 8x1 Head. The Bread which the better fort of People ufe is t nerally made of Wheat j the poorer eat Pone made of 06*1 or Indian Meal. Their Kitchen-Gardens fupply them wil all forts of Roots, Sallads and Pot-herbs. Their DrinkI according to their Circumftances; tht Gentlemen brJ fmall Beer with Englijh Malt j ftrong Beer they have frj England, as alfo French Wine and Brandy, with which thj make Punch j or with Rum from the Charibbee Iflands Spirits of their own diftilling, from Apples, Peaches, \ Madeira Wine is the moft common and the mod noble i all their ftrongDrinks. The Poor brew their Beer with Melaf; and Bran, or Indian Corn dried in a Stove. They have! veral other Sorts of Potables, which are very wholefom art. pleafant. They burn Wood every where, tho' there is PiJ Coal in many Places ; but Wood being fo plenty, that tlj may have it for cutting, no Body has thou^t it worth the while to dig for Coal. Their Clothes are brought from England for Perfons Diftindtion, and are as much in the Mode as Art and Col can make them. They are generally of the lighted Stufisi Silks, both for Men and Women. The Men, for Coolnell as in other Parts of the IVe/i- Indies ^ wear, in the Heati the Summer, Fuftian and Linen Jackets ; and the Wome, Linen or Muflin Gowns. They have almoft all their Nd ceflaries, as to Drefs, from England. Their Buildings arj as in England, of Brick, Timber and Stone, the Outfidci their Houfes being cover'd with Lime made of Oifter-fliell| much more durable than Englijh Lime. Their Sports are Deer-hunting, Hare-hunting ; but dij ferent from the Engli/h Chace. They learnr of the Indkl to come up to the Deer under the Blind of a ftalking Horfl as the Savages did under that of a ftalking Head. Thd teach a Horfe to walk gently by the Huntfman's Side, tl cover him from the Sight of the Deer, and fo they have aj Opportunity to kill him. They have other ways of Deeif hunting ; but this being the moft remarkable, I have chofej to mention it in this Place. Their Hires they hunt with Mungrils, or Swift-Dogsl The Hares generally hole in a hollow Tree, and then thej aie fmoked out by the Hunters. They alfo have other for J of Hunting, as Vermin-hunting, and Horfe-hunting ; thj latter is much delighted in by young People, who purfuj ^ ^ Jtone, theOutfidcL Tiade of Oifter-fhelll The HiJIory of Virginia. I Horfes with Dogs, and rometimes without them. Thefe id Horfes are Aich as are foal'd in the Woods in ths 1 Country, and no Body knowing whom they belong to, bery one is free to catch and keep as many as he pleaies, o' they are of the EngUfh Breed, they are as fhy as any Ue Creature j but this fort of Cattle feldom is fit ibr \\'. They have feveral other Sports, as taking wild Turkies Wolves in Snares, Fiftiing, Fowling, and catching of avers, which is an excellent Paftime. *Tis faid that thefe Creatures live in a fort of Monarchy, like Bees, and tvery obedient to their Sovereign. [The Difeafes moft incident to the Place are Colds, jught by the irregular Conduct of People at their firft Ar- y • Gripes and Fluxes, occafioned by the fame means, the |,»/^ eating too greedily the pleafant Fruits of the Country; ichexes, or Yaws^ which is a violent Scurvy. The Sea/on- I here, as in other Parts of America^ is a Fever or Ague, iicb the Change of the Climate and Die: generally throws Comers into : The Bark is in Virginia a Sovereign Rc- dy to this Difeafe, [The Virginians have but few Dodors among them, and I reckon it among their Bleffings, fancying the Number f their Difeafes would increafe with that of their Phylicians. ! few they have ftudy and make ufe of Simples mofl, with lich their Woods are plentifully furnifh'd. I We will conclude this Account of the Inhabitants of mmia, with a (hort Charafter of them. They are a pru- Dt, careful, generous, hofpitable People, their Houfes be- jopen to all Travellers, whom they entertain as heartily as Relations or Friends ; and that fordid Wretch who ofraids d(1 this laudable Cuflom of his Country, is theObjedt of Sery one's Contempt. As for the Convenience of Society, the Gentlemcns Houfes :at not much greater Diflance from one another than they :in England. The Planters are almofl all fociable ; ana kevery thing towards making their Friends welcome is cheaper I in England.^ fo the Entertainments there are larger, the ception more fincere, and the Mirth of the Company more irty than in moft of our Gentlemens Houfes, among whom ifpitality is fo far out of Fafhion, that a Man who pretends oit is reckoned a Sot or a Bubble ; and the coftly and per* lis Vices that were introduced in the Place of it, in the [Century, has banifh'd it from that Country where it for- rlyflouriih*d, to the eternal Praifeof our Anceftors, and (Shame of their Pofterity. CHAP. 429 i !l I I- M,' 430 The Hiftofy of Viiginia, \\ CHAP IV. I.; Of the Government of Virginia •, of the Laws, Coul of Judicature, Publick Offices, and Revenues. 'T' H E Government oi Virginia was at firft by a PreGde * and a Council of twelve. Mr. John White was thefi, Prefident, and when the PreGdency was abrogated thl was a Commiflion granted by the Company or Proprietorsl England to Sir Thomas Gates^ S;r George Summers^ and Cai Newport^ to be joint Governors. We don't find that \ Governors and their Council had any more Power tj the Prefident and his Council ; but the Name gave md Authority to their Ads in the Imagination of fotne p] Tons. When King Charles I. diflblved the Company, he cd tinued the Form of the Government by a Governor a Council for the executive Power, and placed the legiflatj in the Adembly. The AlTembly had been appointed be^ and met feveral times during the Governments under Company. The chief Court next to the Affembly is General Courty held by the Governor and Council, whoa Judges of it,' and take Cognizance of all Caufes Crimin Penal, Ecclefiaftical and Civil. There is no Appeal from i Court, unlefs the matter in difpute amounts in Value to] hove three hundred Pounds, and then Appeals lie to Queen and Council in England. In criminal Cafes there i ver was any Appeal j but the Governor can pardon PerfJ for any Crime whatfoever, except Murder, and reprieve evi for that till her Majefty's Pleafure be known therein. Indel the Governor's Power in this and the other Plantations very great. He is fubjedfc only to the Qyeen's CommanJ and repreients her Perfon in his Government : He afTents i or diflents from the Ads of AlTembly, as he thinks fit, by his Aflent paiTes them into Laws. He calls, proro and diflblves the Aflembly : He calls and prefides in Council ; he makes Juftices of the Peace j all Officers the Militia, under the Degree of a Lieutenant-GeneriJ pats out Proclamations; is the Keeper of the Seal the Colony, and difpoles of the Queen's Lands according I the Charter and Laws of the Country ; all Payments out theTreafury are order'd by him, or ia his Name; he 3 ■ . ' ViJ fUfi Hiftory ^Virginia. .Admiral by Virtue of a Commiffion from the Admiralty, ibas « Salary of 2000 /. a Year , formerly 'twas but looo/. jfbout 500/. Perquifiies; 200/. a Year was added by .Aflerobiy in favour of Sir William Berkley^ and the j^Colepepper got it increafed to 2000/, a Year, and 150/. (fear Houfe-rent, which, with the Perquiiites, make* it [th near 3000 / Year to the Governor, and more if he weffes the Pec ^, as too many Governors have done. hen the Governor and Deputy-Governor are abfent, the niniftration falls to the Prelident of the Council for the being, who has a Salary of 500 /. a Vear only, added fwbit is given him as a Counfellor, which is a very fmall lOWance. The Queen nominates the Counfellors by Let- I or Inftrudlion, which fays no more, but that they be orn of the Council. The Governor can fill up the vacant tees of fuch as die, or are removed without flaying for (|ers»froro England. Thefe Counfellors have an equal iewith the Governor at the Council Table in many things, J are a Check upon him, if he ofFtrs to exceed the fiout^s [his Commiffion, in c^ling Aflen.blies, difpofing of the blick Revenue, placing and difplacing Officers, Votes and ders of Council, publifliing Proclamations, making Grants, paffing all Patents. They are the upper Houfe in the Jfembly, and claim a negative Voice to all Laws. [Their Salary in all is 350/. a Year, which is divided a- «gft them, , according to their Attendance on General urts and AflTemblies. The lower Houfe of the Aflembly ^lifts of the Reprefeniatives of the Counties, two for icb, and one for James City, in all 51. The College I has Power by their Charter, to fend a Member to the fembly. The Afifembly-Men are chofen by the Free- Eders, by. Virtue of a Writ directed to the Sheriff, which (read in every Church and Chapel in the County, and the L of the Ele<^ion then appointed. The Privileges of thefe flembiy-Men are the fame with the Members of Parlia- nt in England^ and the Power much the (ame with that [the Houfe of Commons, only they are very much in- nced by the Pleafure of the Governor } and after their have regularly paft the lower Houfe an upper Hbufe, 1 have had the Governor's Affent, they muft fend to £«^- Ri to be confirmed by the Queen; but, till Aie has de- ired her Negative, they are in full Force. Thefe Aflem- I meet once or twice a Year, as occafion requires. Belides I Governor ami Council, the publick Officers are. 431 i.> ' .?''^ M i -Mi i h :^ it 1 1 i- 1 ■•; .■■' lit }; ■ ('; » h^i Ik ru 432 Tie Hi fiory of Virgima, The Auditor of the Reuenut^ Dudley Diggs, £yj. ^\^ Salary is y i per Cent, of all the publick Money. The Sicrttary and Prefidtnt of th Council^ Edmund Jd nings, Efy'y whofe Fees and Perquifices amount to aM 400 /. a Year. 1 l^e Tnafurer^ William Byrd, Efq-^ whofe Salary is A per Cent, of all Money that paflfes through his Hands.' ColleHor of the Cu/iomsy C0/. GawenCorbin. Thefe are General Officers and Servants of the Colon There are other little Officers, as Clerks of Courts, Sherii and Surveyors, k^c. The Sheriff's Place of each Countyl very profitable by an Allowance of 1 o per Cent, out of all Receipts and other Advantages. The Revenues of Virgin •rife, 1. By the Queen's Quit-rents 2 i. for ? ,. , _, I every loS'Acres. ^ 1200/. a Year. | 2. By the Ad for the Support of thel Government, 2 s, for every Hogf- 1 head of Tobacco exported; I5Revenue, a Duty on Skins and Furs. 1200 1200 The Duty of i ^. a Pound on all] Tobacco exported to the other Plan- 1 tatioDs, and not carried diredly to f England^ King fVilliam gave it to I the College^ J 100 200 5700 ■fC s>,., ^e Hiflory of Virginia. The parent Revenue, according to Sir PVilllam Keiih's lilculation, IS Q^jit-Rents Tjie J.S. A Hogfliead on 32000"? Hoglheads. ' J 3^°° W of this Revenue the 2000 a Tear to the principal Governor in Eng- land, and to the Lieuter^ant-Go- vtrnor in Virginia Is taken. A Shilling a Ton on Shipping? icooo Ton. i ^ ° Marriage Licences, Probats of 'j Wills, entring and clearing of > 600 Ships, Governor's Perquifues. •* 3500/. per Annum. 7800/. [ido not underftand how he comes to put Marriage Li^ ifw, Probats of Wills among the Revenues of the Coun- Y but fo it flands in his Book. The General Court, of which we have made fome Men- ioQ, is alfo cali'd the Quarter Court, as being held every iiiarter of a Year. There are inferior Courts, which are {It every Month in each County, and arc call'd the County- urtJ, or Monthly-Courts, where Matters that are not of ihigheft Moment, fuch as do not relate to Life or Mem- r, or exceed a -certain limited Value are tried. From icfe Courts there lies an Appeal to the Quarterly Courts, which no Adtion can be originally brought under cVaiue of ten Pounds Sterling. The Sheriffs, Juftices ef Peace, and other Officers are Judges of thefe Coun? [■Courts i in which every Man may plead his own Caufe, [his Friends do it for himj the f^irginians underltanding icirlntereft too well to encourage Lawyers, believing that iDifeafcs would be brought in by DoAors, fo Lawyers lid create Suits -, a Mifchief we in England all complain I but defpair of feeing remedied. The Juftices of the ace alfo hold Courts yearly in each County to look after ans, and take Care of them and their Eftates ; to pro- for thofe Children that are Fatherlefs, and have no dy to provide for them. The Laws of Hrginia are the Is of Parliament and Statutes of Engknd^ which aff^.i- IttrFood, when Corn was fcarcc. Of Roots, they 'lavc ihe Puccoon and Mulquafpern, the Juice of which i, of a plea- |jant Colour, and the Indians made ufe of it to paint their jies and Warlike Arms. The Tockawaeigh, a very Iwholefom and favory Root. Shumack, Chapacour, ai i the Ifimoiis Snake-root, fo much admired in England for bei ig a ICordial, and an Antidote in all peftilential Difeafes. Tl ere lis no kind of Garden Aoot but what they have in Perfe'di tn; bllad-herbs and Pot-herbs grow there fpontaneoully, as 'o IPurllain, Sorrel, t3'c. Their Flowers arc as fine as any i ihc World; fuch as the Crown-Imperial, the Cardina.- Flower, the Moccafm- Flower, the Tulip-bearing- Laurel, thcp Tulip-tree, the Locuft, like the Jeflamin, the Perfiiming- Crab-tree, and the Affentamin, a kind of Pink. They have Plenty of Muskmelons, Water- melons, Pumpion'', Cufliaws, Macocks and Gourds. Their Cuftiaws are a kind of Pum- pions of a blueifli-green Colour, ftreak'd with white. Their jMacocks arc a lefs Ibrt of Pumpions j there are feveral kinds lofthem: The Savages never eat the Gourds, planting them lonly for the Shells, which ferve them inftead of Flaggons lind Cups. The Indians had Pcafe, Beans and Potatoes be- llorethe Engil/b came among themj but the Staff of their iFood was their Corn ; of which we have given a large De- ;rip:ion in the Hiftory of New^England. Plantain of all forts grow wild in the Woods; as alfoLo^j,. lYdlow-Dock and Burdock, 5olomon's-feal, Egrimony,Phiio(. s Cemery,T«n^ .h !. 442 The Hiftory of Virginia. Ccotery, Scabions, Groundfel, Dwarf-Elder, yellow and white Maiden-hair ; Afarum is gather'd on the Sides of thi Hilij, and Soldanalla on the Bay-fide. Their Dittany growJ a Foot and a half high j the Water diftill'd from it the be(j Medicine for the Worms. The Turbil and Mechoacan] or Roots exaclly like them, grow there. Tobacco is the ftanding Commodity of the Country, and is fo beneficial to the Planter, and fo natural lo the Soil) that all other Improvements give place to that. Indeed theJ could turn their Hands to ^pthing* that would employ fd many Slaves and Servants, and require fo little Stock td manage it, or take up fuch a large Trad of Land ; for thi lame Ground that is planted every Year with Tobacco) would produce, if Corn was fown there, more than all the Plantations in America could confume. This Plant is fd common in England^ that we need not defcribe it : It growJ much like a Dock ; and whereas, in our Gardens, it mujj be managed with as much Care as the choiceft Fruit orl Flower, in Virginia they leave it expofed to all the Injurie^ of the Weather, which is very favourable to it, and 'tij feldom that the Crop fufTers by it. The Tobacco of thia plantation was rtot at firft fo good as 'tis now. That ol Braf.l had once the greateft Reputation all over Europe-^ bud now Virginia and Maryland has tlie bcft Price in all Markets] 'Tis not known how the Indians cured theirs ; they nov have it all from the EngU/h. 'Tis faid they ufed to let iB run to Seed, only fuccouring the Leaves, to keep the Sprouts from growing up and ftarving them. When it was ripe] they puird them off, cured them in the Sun, and laij them up for ufe. The Virginia Planters fow the TobaccoJ Seeds in Beds, as the Gardeners in England do ColworcJ Seeds; they leave them there a Month, taking care M that- time to have them well weeded. When the Plants are! about the Breadth of ones Hand, they are removed in the hril: rainy Weather, and tranfplanted into what they callToJ bacco Hills. In a Month's time the Plants will be a FooJ high, and they top them, and then prune off all the bottoml Leaves, leaving only fcven or eight on the Stalk, thattheyl may be the better fed hy the Top, and thefc Leaves, iai fix Weeks time wKl be in their full Growth. The Planters! prune off the Suckers, and clear them of the Horn-worn twice a Week, which is call'd Worming and SuckeringJ and this Work lafts three Weeks or a Month j by whichj time the Leaf from green begins to turn to brownifli, and to fpot, and to thicken, which is a Sign of its ripening.l As fdil as the Pl^ts ripeo you muft cut them down, leavej 2 then Hoe Hiftory of Virginia. jietn in the Field for half a Day, then heap them up, let lihem lie and fweat a Night, and the next Day carry them Itothe Tobacco-houfe, where every Plant is hanged one by Lother, at a convenient Diftance, for about a Month or ISe Weeks ; at the End of which time they ftrike or take Ithemdown ia moift Weather, when the Leaf gives, or*elfe I't^m crumble to Duft^ after which they are laid upon Isticks and cover'd up clofe in the Tobacco-houfe for 9 Leek or a Fortnight to fweat, and then opening the Bulk L a wet Day, the Servants ftrip them and fort them, the L Leaves being the beft, and the bottom the worft To- Ibico. The laft Work is to pack it in Hogftieads, or bun- ye it up, which is alfo done in a wet Seafon ; for in the Idiring Tobacco, wet Seafons are as neccflary as dry, to Ijoake the Leaf pliant, which would otherwife be brittle and Ibreak. They take a great deal of Pains with it now, and Lith all their Trouble can fcarce make it turn to Account. iThe Englijh have carried over a thoufand feveral forts of the Iprodudions of Nature, and have found all to fucceed there : Ixhey have had fuch extraordinary Succefs with Apples and Pears, that there's never a Planter but has an Orchard, and Lakes large Quantities of Cyder and Perry, which is fome of their common Drinks, and there is nothing in England belonging either to a Garden or Orchard, but what they have, or may have there in as great or greater Perfedion, 44J * >i CHAP. VIL Of the Beafts, Birds, and Flfh. THE Beaflis that are peculiar to this Country are the A- I ronghena, fomewhat like a Badger. The AfTapanick, or flying Squirrel; the Muflafcus, a kind of Water-Rat ; tbe Utchunquois, a wild Cat; the OpafTum, a certain Ani- mal, whofe Female has a Bag under her Belly, wherein (he carriers her young one. The Woods arc ftock'd with Deer, the fame in kind with ours in England, and larger and fatter for the raoft Part. There are Raccoons, B Avers, Otters, Foxes, wild Cats, Martins and Minks in the FreHies. The Indians are dextrous in catching them, and keep the Secret to themfelves, that they may preferve the Fur Trade, which, iQtherwif? (h^ En^(i/h would fooo driVe them out of. Lions,. Leopards, ij44 ^jeHifloryofY\rg\n\2L, Leopards, Elks, Bears and Wolves, efpecially the latter, ar met with in Virginia, the* not fo frequently as in feme othc Parts of North Jmerica, and the Wolves are not rnucS bigger than Englijh Foxes. This Country was not over! ftock'd with any kind of Beafts, either wild or tame, whe the Englijo difcover'd it, and the Cattle that are now to b] found there, are all of Englijh Breeding: Horfes are plenty and as good as in England. Having mentioned the flying Squirrel, we think the Real der will not be difpleafed vyith a Defcription of it. Thi| Creature has a flefhy Subilance, which it extends in It! skipping from one Tree to another, like Wings, and by thl Help of thefe, he will fiy, or rather skip, 30 or 40 Yard) at a lime, from Tree to Tree. The Opaflum has a HeaJ like a Hog, and a Tail like a Rat ; 'tis about the Bignel^ of a Cat, and the falfe Belly, in which the Female carries he) Young, is thus defcribed by one that faw it. 'Tis like loofe Skin quire over the Belly, which never fticks to thj Flefli, buc may be look*d into at all times, after they hava been concerned in Procreation. In the hinder Part of it ii an Overture big enough for a fmall Hand to pafs, and thil ther the young ones, after they are full haired, and ftrond enough to run about, fly when any Danger appears, oil when they go to red or fuck, and continue to dofotil| they have learned to live without their Dam. The ftrangell Part of this Defcription is, that the young ones are bre in this falfe Belly, without ever having been in the true one. They are form'd at the Teat, and grow there fori Icveral Weeks together, till they are in perfed Shape, and! have Strength, Sight and Hair : They then drop off, and! rcll: in this falfe Belly, going in and out at Pleafure. The! Perfon from whom we took the Defcription fays, he hajl fcen them thus faften'd to the Teat, from the Bignefscfal Fly till they became as large as a Moufe. Neither is it any! Hurt to the old one to open the Bag, and look in upon herl Young. Some Panthers, Buffaloes and wild Hogs, whichl yield equal Pleafure and Profit to the Hunter, are caught] up in the Country, near the Heads of the Rivers. The] Reafon of there being few Sheep, is becaufe the Countryl is not yet cleared of Wolves j all other Beafts that are rec- koned wild, do no Damage to the Virginians ^ flying frotrjl the Face of a Man whenever they fee onej and the Planters,] by Pafture- Fences, fecure their Cattle and Hogs from them. There were no Rats nor Mice there when the Englijh i^i^ landed ; but they foon multiplied fo from the Engli/h Ship- ping, that once there was like to have been a Sort of Rat- PIcshI The Hiftory of Virginia. ^ut among the PJanters. The Virginian Water-Rat, [ MutTafcus, fmells like Musk. Pole-cats and Weafels are iQietimes to be Teen there ; but the Plenty of Hares and ,bbits make Amends for it. There is no Country more remarkable for the Variety of (is in it than Virginioy where the Woods and Groves in je Spring, Summer, Autumn, and almoft all the Year,*are icndcr'd as delightful by the Mufick of the feather'd Choirs, by the Coolnefs of their Shades, or the Fragrancy of their Iflowers. Among thefe the Rock-Birds are the moft di- erting ; they love Society fo well, that whenever they fee Mankind, they will perch upon a Twig near the Perfon, |jid fing the fweeteft Airs in the World. The next is the Humming- Bird, who revels among the Flowers, and licks Iff the Dew and Honey from their Leaves. Tis not half j) large as, an Englijh Wren, and its Colour is a Ihining [Mixture of Scarlet, Green and Gold. There are Black- lirds with red Shoulders, that come in prodigious Flights out if the Woods about the Fall of the Leaf ; a fort of Nightin- ^ule, whofe Feathers are very gay, of a crimfon and blue Colour J but it feldom or never fings. The Mock-bird comes in about March, and ftays till June, and in Bignefs and Colour is like a Thrufli. The Herons there are very large, ind the Partridges very fmall. There's great Variety of wild Fowl, as Swans, Geefe, Brants, Sheldrakes, Ducks, Mallard, Teal, Blucwings, Cranes, Curlews, Snipes, Wood- cocks, Ox-Eyes, Plover, Larks, Pheafants, Pigeons- and which is beft of all of them, wild Turkies, much larger than our tamej they are in Seafon all the Year. The Vir- pnians have feveral ingenious Devices to take them; among others, a Trap, wherein id or 17 have been caught at a ti?ne. As for Fifh, there*s fuch prodigious Plenty of them, ihat 'tis hardly credible to an Eur opean. Some of the Stories that have been told of it-are certainly romantick, and are rejeded IS fiditious, fuch as Shoals of Fiflies, fwimming with their Heads above Water, and to be taken by Hand, loading a Canoo with Fifli in the open Sea by one Indian in half an Hour ; but 'tis certain that no Rivdrs in the World are better ftored than theirs, s^ndthat the Virginian Sea-Coaft abounds in Cod and Sturgeon, of which fome are eight Foot long. Indeed there's fcarce any Fifli but what may be caught either in the Sea or the Rivers ; and yet there's only one fort pecu- liar to this Country, which is the Stingrafs. 'Tis good to eat J but has a long Tail, with a very dangerous Sting in it. Tiire arc other ftrange Fifhesj but then they are aUb to be found AM f fit i I M. Ill ^46 ^^ Hi/lory of Virginia. found in moft Parts of North America, fuch as the Coney Fiih, Rock-Fi(h, Cat-Filh, and a Fifli in the Form oft Dragon, to which there's no Name as yet affigned in oj Language. The Toad-Fifli, when 'tis taken out of thl Water, fwells till *tis like to burft. Mufcles and Oiftersarl very plentiful in Virginia^ and fo large that fome of then are as big as a Horfe's Hoof. Pearl has been often found m the Shells ; the Indians had large, but the Englijh found onl] Seed-Pearl, of which good Qiiantities have been fenttj England. In the Spring- lime the Brooks and Fords are f] full of Herrings, which come up to fpawn there, that 'tj almoft impolTible to ride through without treading on then. The Rivers are alfo at that time ftock'd with Shads, Rock| Sturgeon and Lampreyis, which faden themfelvesto the Shad In the fait Water, at certain times of tha Year, there arj Shoals of other Fiilies ; fuch as the Old fVife, fomething lik] a Herring, and the Sheeps-head, which the Virginians efteera in the Number of their beft. Black and red Drums, Trout] Taylors, Green-fifh, Sun-fi(li, Bafs, Chub, Place, Flounl ders, Whitings, Flatbacks, Maids, Wives, fmall Turtle Crabs, Cockles, Shrimps, Needle-fifli, Breme, Carp, Pikel Jack, Mullets, Eels, and Perch. Thefe are to be found J the Rivers and Brcx)ks all the Summer long, and are eate by . the People. Thofe that follow are not eaten : Th^ Whale, Porpus, Shark, Dog-fifli, Gar, Thornback, Sawl fiih, Land-Crabs, Fidlers and Periwinkles. Many of thefJ Fifl\es will leap into Canoos and Boats, as theEngUjh orMiani crofs a River j and there's fuch Quantities of them, thai they often tire the Sportfmen with taking them; where as in England they are generally tired for want of it. Thd manner of Fifliing-Hawks preying upon Fidi is very diverting The Sport is to be fccn every Summer in the Morningj and fometimes all Day long. Thefe Hawks are wonderfj eager after their Game, when the Filh firft come in thj Spring. In the dead of the Winter 'tis fuppofed they fill further off at Sea, or remain among the uninhabited Kland upon the Sea-Coaft. They have often been feen to catcl| FiQi out of the Water, and as they were flying away wit! their Quarry, the bald Eagles hiave taken it from them aj gain* The FiOiing-Hawk will hover over the Water, anf reft upon the Wing fome Minutes together; and then fron a vaft Heigth dart down diredly into the Water, plunge inti it for the fpace of half a Minute, and at laft bring up a Fif with him, fo big, that he can hardly carry it. When he 'i on the Wing, he fliakes himfelf fo ftrongly, that the Wate comes off of him like a Mill, and tlien he files toth^ Wood The Hiflory o/* Virginia. H^oods with his Prey, unlefs the bald Eagle intercepts him, Bd takes it away from him. This Bird, as foon as he per- jeives the Fifhing-Hawk with his Game in his Mouth, pur- jjes him, and ftrives to get above him in the Air, which \ he can do, the Hawk lets his Fifli drop, and the Eagie ^ves him to take up his Prey, which (he (hoots after jivith U furprizing Swiftnefs, that he catches it in the Air," bc- lore it falls to the Ground. Thefe Fifliing- Hawks, when jieSeafons are extraordinary plentiful, will catch a Fifli, and loiter about with it in the Air, on purpofe to have a Chace (fith the Eagle for it ^ and if the Eagle does not come, he'll lai'.e a daring Noife, as if it were to defy him. This Sport js frequently been feen by the Englijh^ and by the De- Ifcription of it, muft certainly be extremely pleafant to the [Spe6Utors. 447 n I CHAP. VIII. '\}cit Coins m Virginia-, of the Trade to and from England^ and other Parts of Europe and America : the prodigious Revenue that the Cuftoms of 1 to- bacco brings in *, the Advantage that Trade has been to England^ and the Difad vantages it lies under. InpHO* the common way of Traffick there is by Barter y ox Exchange of one Commodity for another, or of ny for Tobacco; yet there is fome Silver Coins, EngliJI) nd Spamjhf and were much more, till the lov/sring of the U\ic tempted People to export the Coin to the other Plantations, where it went for more than it did in Virginia, The chief of their Coins are either Gold of the Stamp of Jra- ^j)ia, or Silver and Gold of the Stamp of Spanijh America^ or \i.n^lijh Money. rhere*s very little of either kind to be in this Country, for the Reafons above-mentioned: |The Governments round about it often raifing the Value of he Coin, is the Caufe that Virginia is drained of the litde it lb. And 'tis impoiTible to prevent this Inconvenience, un- lefs all the Colonies on the Continent were obliged to have (one and the fame Standard for their Coin, v;hich there pe lately been fome Attempts made, to effedt, tho' with- out jif' : % 4, u. i| ( ' /. J. I O} 10 00 01 15 00 oo 17 06 00 10 CO 00 05 00 oo «s 00 oo 04 CO 448 ^he Hijiory of Virginia; out the Succefs that was expeded and defired. TheScarcil ty of Money is fuch in this Plantation, that Gentleman cj hardly get enough for travelling Charges, or to pay Labourel and Tradefmens Wages. It occafions alfo the commencini many vexatious Suits for Debt, which tor this means arl contradted. The Value of the ieveral Coins that are thctd is as follows: • . . The Spanljh Double Doublon, • - - The Doublon, confqucntly, - - - The Piftole, - ------ jirabian Chequins, - - - - - Pieces of Eight (except of Peru) weigh- ing \6 Penny-weight, - - - - Frev.ch Crowns, - - - - _ _ 00 Ptrw Pieces of Eight, and Dutch Dollars, 00 And all Engli/h Coin as it goes in England. The Trade of this Colony, as well as that of MaryknA confifts almoft entirely of Tobacco j for tho' the CountrT wbuld produce feveral extraordinary Commodities fit foj Trade, yet the Planters are fo wholly bent on planting T^j bacco, that they feem to have laid alide all Thoughts o| other Improvements. This Trade is brought to fuch Per] fed:ion, that the Virginian Tobacco, efpecially the fweet-j Icenced, which grows on York River, is reckoned the befl in the World, and is what is generally vended in Engkni ior a home Confumption. The other Sorts, call'd Oramaci and that of Maryland, are hotter in the Mouth ; but thej[ turn to as good an Accoutit,. being in demand in Hollani\ Denmark^ Sweden and Germany. Of this Commodity 30000 HogOieads have been exported .yearly, which, belides thj other Advantages that the £ngli/h reap by it, have clear'd 5/j a Hogjliead in a foreign Market, and- increafcd the generaj Stock of the Nation 1 50000 /. a Year. The whole Trad( of Tobacco is indeed one of the moft profitable of all thj Englijh Commerce ; it employs above 200 Sail of ftout i every Year, and brings in between 3 and 400000 /. to he^ Majefty's Treafury, one Year with another. Tho' th Calculation may fcem too extravagant to fuch as know nothing of this Trade, and to fome who make GuefTes od the Trade in general only, from their own in particulari yet it will appear to be modeft to all that have Experience in the Matter. There are 200 Sail of Ships freighted with this Commodity Communibus Annis^ from the whole BayJ liars, oo 04. 00 ^e Hijlory of Virginia. . 44 j Ijo vvhicb we include the Province of Maryland-^ and, one „ltb another, we cannot reckon they carry lefs than 300 )]og(heads of Tobacco, in all 70000 Hogiheads, of which ^f vve fuppofe to be fold and fpent in England-^ and the pittyof thofe 35000 Hoglheads, at but 400 Weight of To- luccoeach, will come to 8/. a HogHiead, and 280000/. lor the Whole. The other Half w.hich is exported will got produce above a 5 th Part fo much in the Exchequer, Ijecaufe all the Impofts are drawn back, and part of the Sub- jdy^ yet allowing but 50000/. for the Duty of the 35000 Hogdieads exported, the whole Amount of the Culloms for 4^70000 Hogiheadj of Tobacco, will come to 330000/. I Year, and fu much it certainly bringf into the Exchequer in a time of Peace. For in this War time our trade is more un- certain, and a juft Calculation of this Branch of it, in parr, or b the whole, cannot now be made ; tho\ confidering that the Virginia and Maryland Merchants have escaped much bener than thofe oi Barbados, Jamaica and the Charibbet lllands, our Eftimate, with fome Abatement, according to the Number of Ships Idft, may ftand good. Some who pritcnd to be very well acquainted with the Virginia Trade, haveaOfured us, that 1 00000 Hogdieads have been ihip'd off from Virginia and Maryland in a Year, and 4.0000 of lem fpent in England-^ if fo, we are rather too fliort in lour Account than too long, both with reference to the IGilculation of the Cuftoms, and the Addition the Trade makes to the National Stock. But we have kept as clofe to Truth as we could by oiir own Experience, and the beft Information ; and to render what we have faid the more edible to the Reader, *tis neceflkry he fliculd know how Uly this Trade is improved in all Parts of England^ as well IS in the Port of London. The Town of Liverpool has had 50 Sail of Ships uplade at her Key from thence in a Year, for feveral Years paft, reckoning one Year with another j many the Out-ports have 8 or 10 Sail employed yearly in the f^.nia Trade, and the City of Brijiol is faid to pay above 0000/. a Year Duty for Tobacco herfelf, which v/ill not ar improbable, if what we are very credibly informed BriJlol Men is true, that one 3hip belonging to that 'ort, call'd the Br iflol Merchant , has paid 8 or 10000/. " iftom every Year for thefe twenty Years lalt paft; and very ilten 30 or 40 Sail of Ships have come into the Severn at » ic bound for Brijiol^ belides Runnerr and Stragglers. I£ le Out-ports together fend 100 Sail to Virginia in a. Year, we think we have fufiiciendy proved, London will more aoake up the other 100. And what we have iaid of m ' D -V ^^H^^^H 1 1 rm Bii' m H i m 450 The Hijlory o/" Virginia. the Trade and the Cuftoms, will fcem very rational andl certain. Bclidcs the vaft Advantage that accrues to the National! Stock, by the Exportation of Toba'cco from En^J'uid to all orhcr Parts of Europe, we muft confider how beueikial thii Trade is, by the prodigious Number of Hands it employs] and Families it maintains in England and A '^^ima j no lefj than feventy thoufand Englijh Souls 'mVirgirAa^^r\6. as nin,nyir England. There are vaft Quantities of Manufar^ures exf jrd ed from hence daily to this Colony, who have all their NeJ ceflaries for Clothing, Labour and Luxury from England^ and thofe Commodities that are fent hence lying moft a^ mong Handicraft Trades, are fuch as employ the moll Hands, feed the moft Mouths, and conil'quently are tha moft beneficial to the Publick, fuch as iVeavers, Shoemakers\ Hatters, Ironmongers, Turners, 'Joiners, Taylors, Cutltrs] Smiths, Bakers^ Brewers^ Ropemnkers, Hofiers^ and indeed all the Mechanicks in England; their Manufadlures beina good Merchandife in Virginia, when the Ignorance oi Avarice of fome Merchants do not glut *\it ^farket. Thd Commodities fent thither, beilSes Linen, Silks, lndu{ Goods, Wine, and other foreign Manufadtures, are Clotli coarfe and fine, Serges, Stuffs, Bavs, Hats, and all fOrts o| Haberdafhers Warei Houghs, Bills, Axes, Nails, Adzes] and other Iron Ware ; Clothes ready-made. Knives, Bisker] Flower, Stockings, Shoes, Caps for Servants ; and in fhoitj every thing that is made in England. They formerly drove a confiderable Trade with Pipe] Staves and Hoops from Virginia to Madeira, Terceras, Fia\ knci the other lilands call'd the Azores ; but lately New-EnA land and New-York have almoft driven the Virginians out o| that profitable Trade. They ftill keep part of the Trad} to and from the Sugar Iflands, on Account of the l^ri Rive Tobacco, which is moft fmoked among the better fort ol People ; iho' the Oranoac will ferve the Negroes, and thd worft of the white Servants, as well or better than the fweetj fcented. The Ftrginia Merchants and Planters export To bacco. Cattle and Provifions to Barbados and the LeewarJ Iflands ; and in E^ichange bring back Rum, Melafles and Sugar j for notwithftanding they make good Brandy of thdj own, and might have Sugar from their Sugar-tree, as h been proved by many Experiments; yet they arefolazyl that they will be at no Pains to provide themfelves wit( any thing which they can fetch elfwhere for Tobacco. TherJ are feveral Trades which they might fall into, befides thaj of Tobacco^ and which would be a Service to chat ConrniG very rational and! lie Hiflory g/* Virginia. ^ty, bccaiifc the lefs of it was made, the greater Price it yould bear. The Country is certainly capable of large Im- provements, by the Timber Trade and its Appurtenances, \ Pitch, Tar, and Rofin. They might alfo manufadlure pas, Hemp, Cotton, and even Silk, the three iirit Com- jgod'ities tiiriviiig there as well as in any Country in the ^orld ; and the Mulberry-tree feeding Silk-worms forrtierly in Abundance. Edward Diggs^ Efq; was at great Char(?e jnd Pains to promote the Silk Manufadure, fmcc it fiven over by others ; but wanting Encouragement, he alio Bve it over. Several of the late Governors have^ for jteafcns which they did not think fit to reveal, difcouraged ^ fuch as went about Manufodures ; and the Planters have tieen obliged to ftick to their old Drudgery, the planting of Tobacco. Silk- Grafs grows there fpontaneoufly in many Places, and may be cut fcveral times in a Year. The Fibres of this Plant are as fine as Flax, and much ftronger than Hemp. A Piece of Grogram was made of it in Qpeen Uzabeth's Retgri, and prefented to her ; and yet the Eng- ^ negledfc it, and make no manner of Ufe of it; not {6 Duch as the Indians did, who made their Baskets, Filhing- Nets and Lines with it. The Virginians might alio drive IS good a Trade with Cattle and Provifions, Horfes, Cows, Oxen, Beefj Pork, i!fc. as the People of Nevt> England and Cmlina do the Sugar-lflands ; but all their Thoughts run Bpon Tobacco, and they make nothing of thofe Advantages, ibich would enrich an induftrious People. Indeed the Naval Storey that might be brought thence to \hiland for the Queen's and Merchants Service, are of fuch Cbnfequence, that 'twould be well if fome Care was taken |to oblige them to manufadure them, and due Encourage- Lent was given to do it. It feems a little unaccountable, Lhjf the Englijh, whofe Plantations are fo well furniflied with thofe Commodities, ihould be at the Charge of buying them in the 5fl///V/f with ready Money, fuch as Pitch, Tar, Rofin, Turpentine, Plank, Timber, Mafts, Yards, and Cordage. mew-England and Virginia would plentifully fupply all our {Naval Wants, and we fhould not then be obliged to the pie of the North, who do not always deal friendly or lirly by us. The Virginians are lb far from thinking of Iniproving thefe Manufactures, that tho* they fee others fend liiher to build Ships, they feldom or never do it themfelves. hey not only negled: making a Trade of Provifions, but m to provide a neceffary Store againft an accidental Scar- |ci:y, contenting, themfeives with a Supply of Food from pd 10 Mouth, infomuch that if a fcarce Year ihould come^ Gg 2 there 45 > 1.1 ' ei i « 452 ^he Hijlory of Virginia. there would not be enough in the Country to fubfift then three Months. The only Excufe that the Virginians q plead for their Lazinefs is, that their Induftry was never en couragcd. Their want of Towns hinders tbcm from ri ceiving many Advantages by the Fruitfulncfk of their Soiil for the People who inhabited them would take ihofe Cow rtKxJities oft their Hands, which every Planter in the Coun try is furniihed with at hon.e. By this want of Cohabiratia they are uncapable of making a beneficial Ufc of their FlaJ Hemp, Cotton, Silk, ^.ilk-Grafs and Wool, which migH otherwife fupply their Neceflities from their Towns, am their Tobacco would enrich them, as we have (hewed elf] ^ where. The grcatcft of their Difcouragemenrs is the hig Duties on their Commodities, the Cuftom being often te times as much as the prime Coft ; and if it wants in Good nefs, there is no Abatement for it ; no ConGderation fd Lofles, for high Freights and Premio*s of Infurance, for] fmall Crop, the Dearnefs of Hands, and other AccidentI which may prove the Ruin of this Plantation : For whe his Goods come to Market, after Cuftom and the Faftor' Bill for CommijOTion is paid, the Net Proceed comes little. The poor Planter u not on'y difappointed in th Value of his Goods, but his Bills '.bat he drew came bac protefted, and he is forced to pay exorbitant Intereft, prevent being fued, or forced to lign Judgments to th. Merchant there, who having got the leaft hold of his Eilatj feeds him infenfibly with Money, till the whole follows i a mean Rate. If this Fate does not attend his Bills, hei forced to buy the NeceHaries at home at dear Rates, whic he wrote for to Englai.<'-^ and if he goes upon Truit, \ as fuch Prices, that a Uiiirer bluOies to extort, but Culbil makes it look like lawful. If he fells bis Tobacco in til Country, the Factors take Care to beat down the Price i low, that 'twill h?irdly pay for cultivaiing. How can this be remedied, you fay, in War- time? "R^ Securing the Trade, which would make Infurances unneceflary: Andhoj can it be fecured ? That Queftion has been fo often anfwerl to fuch as have the Care of thefe things, 'tis needlefs for us decide it here. This we may venture to fay, that the fendiq a Ship or two to this or other Cobnies, under Commandei vrho think themfelves Admirals, and defy all Power but the own, will never answer the End. A Reprefentation ( which was made to t'oofe that have the Management of the Afiairs, in which 'twas faid. They make it their Buftmfs i 9ppofe Authority ^ and when there is any Fa£Iion in any Pkcl they art Jurt tQ join witbtbtm s^ainft tht Governor ^ thtym • 41 ^r^f out * 7be niftory of Virginia. I, '^ a Harbour for a IVetk together ^ without on * ^ \licmfi> By their ill Vfage of their Men they Jo \ifun away from the Shipy and then they ruin the Merc ant t \^itrade of the Place^ by preffwg away the Seamen fro th§ Mis. Some Inftances of the ill Pradlices of chefe t:iip- jinsare mentioned. One ofthem^ when he was at Virginia, \u\lhtr fpared the Gentlemen of the Country ^ the Queen's Of' \yi^ nor the Governor himfdf becaufe they wouU.' not ftiffer jiifl to marry a Gentleman s Daughter^ when at the famt (,>!/ he had a IVife and Children at London. Upon which i/ attempted the Lives of the Gentlewoman* s Rtther^ fevtral { htr Relations, efpecially of a very worthy Gentleman, ont (;l Gary, who courted the young Lady. The Governor wai yc(d to fecure the Peace : The Province being all in an 'Ufrsar by this Man's extravagant /tSfions. The Council of Maryland complained of another, reprefenting, He was ir for Bedlam than to command a Ship. And another at 'fW'Tork. H^hen the Lord Cornbury ordered him to take feve- \i\VtffeU loaden with Provifions on her Majefl/s Account, in Pcnfylvania «7«^ Carolina, and convoy them to Jaimzic3i, excuf- Idhimfclf, faying. His Ship was laid up and unrigged. They wht have been ready before Chriftmas ; but he would not go ithe 2'^th of March, promiftng then to fet fail : However, hi ^\n the Harbour till the latter End of May j all which time MajeJIy paid Demurrage, the Provifions lying on boards is great Damage. He refufed to obey the Orders he re- i/i to touch at Carolina, and take thofe Veffels under his 453 Bat fliould we go about to write a Hiftory of all the Com- ts that have been made againfl: Xuch Officers as thefe, I their Mifcarriages in America, one might add another olume to thefe of the Plantations. We have alfo feen a State of [Virginia, drawn by an In- A Stau^ ibitant oi Narth America, and prefented to the Lords ©f^''^'"'*' rade in England. The People are very numerous, difperfed hu^h the whole Province. Their almofifole Bulinefs is plant- )g and improving Tobacco, even to that Degree, that mofi of imfcarce allow themfelves time to produce their necejfary Pro- ifms, and confequently take little Leifure to bufy themfelves tf- t Matters of State, They have always been refpehful and Mint to Government, &c. Again, On every River of • iw Province there are Men in Number from ten to thirty, k by Trade and Indufiry have got very compleat Efiates, 'bife Gentlemen take Care to fupply the poorer fort with Goods i Neceffaries^ and are fur e to keep them always in their lit, and confequently dependent on them* Out of this Num- G g 3 bir ; * 454 77}e Wflory of Virginii. Church Af' htr are chofen her MajeJ1y*s Council^ the Ajjemhly, the fuPn and Officers of the Ccyerriinent. Many of thef% 'ientltm er. apply* J themj elves of late Years to procure from their Cvtrnif good Laiusy for the better Government and Imprauenient of t Country t 6cc. Agtin, They confider this Province is of fl greater Advantage to her Majejly, than all the reft of the fVj. vinces hefides on the Main ^ and therefore falffy conclude^ th they ought to have greater Privileges than the refi If h Maje/y's SubjeSis. Farther, 7he Affembly think themfeh, entitled to all the Rights and Privileges of an Englifli ?ar\k mentj and begin to Jearch into the Records of that Honourab Houfe^ for Precedents to govern themfelves by. The Counci imagine, they almofl Jland upon equal Terms with the Km Honourable Houje of Lords, We think a great Part i what follows in this Reprefentation might have been fparci fo we leave ic as we found it. The Society for propagating the Gofpcl, in the Accom they have publiili'd of their Succefs in America, tells us, ///. ginia is divided into fifty Parifhes, and about thirty Chapeji Here was alfo a noble College, ercded for the Education the American Youth, in the Studies of Divinity and Phil fophy. A Maintenance for the Students has been fettled but by Difufe has been impaired in many Places. Seven Paridies arc not fupplied with Minifters, particularly in Prii. cefs AnrC^ County. There was no Mathematical Profeflbr i IVilliam and Mary College. The Society have paid tl Mr. Tyliard zol. and to Mr. Wallace of Elizabeth Ci Parifli 15/. in Books. Of the College above-mentioned we have fpoken alread but (ince that, have met with a better Account of it. Sum Ac- fiately Fabrick was raifed^ a Royal Charter given^ witha\ SfhTetyfer* P^^ Privileges and Immunities^ a publick Fund was allotted) the Endowment of ity and a Preftdent appointed with an k nourohle Salary^ &C. and in Honour of the Founder, it wi calPd WiWhm and Mary College. But it could not befu, hi/h*d with Profess and Students^ nor advanced above Grammar-School^ before the whole College was unfortmatei de/iroyed by Fire. And the great Service Col. Nicholfon d this Society, and the Caufe of Religion in this Provino while he was Governor, has been often acknowledged them in publick and private. We have nothing farther to obferve relating to Virgii but that on the Death of Mr. Notte^ my Lord Orknefi Di puty in the Government of this Colony, Col. Hunter wl appointed bi3 Succedbr in that honourable Poft, A. D. 170 On wh^'ch he embarked for this Province, smd in his P^ilaj prafagatirtg the Gcfpel, ne Hiflory o/* Virginia. taken by the French^ and carried mto France \ from nce he returned into England^ and now waiu foif j^Cctn- ^\o Virginia, . ' ^^ [We have only to add a Lift of the chief Officers, Civil I Military, as is done in the other Parts of this Trcatifc* Col. Hunter^ Govcrnof. Edmund J tnningiy Efijj Prcfldcnt. Dudley pi(:gs-, Efq; Btttjamin Ha rifon^ Sen. E(q; inbtrt Carter, Efqj ^ihn Cu/iiSy Efq; he Rev. Mr. Jamts Blair e, Philip Ludwtlly Efqj Umry Duhy Efqi Rtbert ^arry, Efq; ''ohn Smithy Efq^ 'tf^n Lewis, Efq; 7///fl;w Churchill, E(q; CommifTary to the BiHiop of London, the Reverood Mr. y<7OT« Blaire. Auditor of the Revenue, Daz/Ay Diggiy Efqj Secretary, Edmund Jennings, Efq; Receiver-General, IVilHam Bird, Efq; Coiledor of theCuftoms, Col. Gawen Corbin, Attorney-General, Stephen Tompfon, 455 \l til ' *, j>CounciIlorf. •Th' I ^ i-' 5^ ■i: ! Cg4f TH6 (4S6) •rtW *MWi THE H IS TO R ^ O F CAROLINA. CHAP. I. Containing an Account of the Difcovcry andl Settlement of this Province, and of all the JVars, Fad:ions, Difturbanccs, and other E- vents there, from that time to the prefent. Difcovtrjf. w E are not ignorant of the Pretences of the Concern'd in this Province, who affirm 'twas difcover'd by Sebaflian Cnhot. Mr. ArchdaleA one of the Proprietors, in his printed Defcrip. tion of Carolina^ fays, Henry VJII, about the Year 1500, ^furnijh'd Sir Sebaftian Cabot with Shipping^ (He was born \ at Briftol, tho* his Father was a Venetian) to make a Dif. covery ; and he fell upon the Coaji of Florida, and having \ failed along the Continent a confiderahle wayNorth-Ea/i^ re- turned. But this does not appear in any auchentick HiftorianJ nor that Sir Sebaflian Catot ever got fo far to the South. I Carolina is the Northern Part of the vaft Region of Ame- \ rica, which was difcover'd by John Ponce de Leon, in the { Year 151a. He made Land ^ut 30 Degrees from thej jEquator^ near the River of San Mattaoy the moil Souther- ) R "n ■ N J. Difeovery and and of all the , and other E-I o the prefent. Pretences of the ', who affirm 'twas ihot. Mr. ArchdaleA his printed Defcrip-l out the Tear 1500, ping^ (He wasborn] an) to make a DiJ.\ i^lorida, and havinA vayNorth'Ea/}, re- uthentickHiftorian,! ar to the South, 'aft Region of Jme- nee de Leort^ in the \ Degrees from the i the moft Souther. Jy \ I*:-'' w '1 ft! 1'' w >: 1-7) 3 001 9\ JCf. J^/ku^ s2S2^<4* ^/ Ca,ivtA£tau.t tfc^ fei^r^ k ^1 l*^*^^'*^c> if £ m '''^ V^" ^t^C!"- ^ CSTK^ ^r>s^ i* •^*P^U^ 1X0 *** >^ ^«, . St^a^ltco ♦ ^ CAROL IISTA By HejTjnAti Moll G-e^araph^r . Jlote-^ati/^anMtans are marked ynu ±. Z^> 3ao\ JOl JO% 3^3 So^\ 30^ JCn rtjUjh >MiUi ^uktn jtetvnt iP^ 'U»>w3Ay Iir«l«ncl Ifl JfUmith Wretk, SLoi^l \'lfiltj 9VK' ^tl't t^nvnt Cn f 5 Jf^ 9W Aijr Dtftovt laytt/ The Hijiory of Carolina. 4^7 lypart of this Province, He failed thither from the Ifland ^?orto Ricoy and gave the Country the Name of Florida^ Ibr that the Face of ;<: has the Refemblance of a continual Spring. The Spaniardsy who paflionately defired to fecure it to Caftd. 0/ tlemfelves, eight Years afterwards fent Fafque% de Ayllon to America. make a farther difcovery of it, as belonging to Charles V. in whofe Name de Leon had taken PofTeffion ot it. He came upon the North Coaft, and call'd the North North- \^'eft River by the Nzme of Jordan. He did nothing memo- nble, except this in&mous Action, of inviting many of tho Natives aboard his Ships, where when he had got them, he JKiifted Sail, and carried them into miferable Bondage. In the Year 1^26^ Charles V. Emperor of Germany and King of Spainy fenn Pamphilio Narvefi to Floridoy who . id fo long in the South-Weft Part of this Country, which the moft barren, that, fays my Author, they were fain to [it one another^ his Crew having fpent their Provifions. Ten Years afterwards, Ferdinando a Soto came hither in the Search of Gold and Silver Mines, having a little Army of 900 Foot, and 500 Horfe. Himfelf and three Parts of Soldiers died, either through Want, or by Sicknefs, or k Indians; and the reft were led back by Lewis Mo/cos to ^m-Spainy tho' not without great Ditfieulty j for the Na- tives fetting upon them fever^ times in their March, kill'd that fell into their Hands. This unfortunate and expenfive Expedition fo difcouraged ^the Spaniards, that for feveral Years they made no more ttempts in thefe Parts ; and indeed they fearch'd no farther an that Part of the Continent which lies oppofite to the ulph of NewSpainy and not within and beyond the Itreights of Bahama^ which includes that Part of the Coun- we are now treating of, and which is the moft fertile id rich, abounding in feveral merchantable Commodities. The French perceiving the Spaniards negle6ted this long 'ra<2: of Land, Admiral Colignyy in the Reign of Charles IX, . racured two of the King's Ships to be lent thither, the nimand of which he gave to Jean Ribauty who, after Voyage of 'two ^Months, arrived at the Kiver of Doipbinsy tween that of San Matt^o and that of May, lying about |the 50th Degre^. The next River to that of May, he call'd the Seine -y the lext to that, the Somme; then the Loire -y then the Cha^ ^mte, and the Garonne. At the Mouth of AlbemarU River then called the Great River, the Port being fafe and com- lodious^ be built a Fort, which he call'd Charles Forty and gave 458 9^^ Hifiory of Carolina. gave it the Name of Port Royal, in 3 2 Degrees of Latitude,! bordering on f^irghia, now North-Carolina, where the fitftj Settlement was made by any European Nation. The Civil Wars raging in France, Ribaut^s Soldiers mutj, nied, for Want of Supplies. The Natives, *tis true, wercl very kind to them, out of Hatred to the Spaniards', but they could not furnidi them with many Neceflaries which I they wanted; and the Admiral was fo engaged in Politicks atl home, thrit he had not Leifure to provide for the Wants of I his Colony. So Ribaut having made fome Difcoveries in the! Xbid. North-Eaft Part oi Florida, returned to France -, and, in his Return, if Credit may be given to an old Author, his Company were reduced to fuch Extremity, that they kiU'dl and cat one of their own Men; and probably would have done fo by others, had they not accidentally met with an Engitjh Ship, the Mafter of which furnifh'd them with fome Provifions. A Peace being concluded two Years after in France, between the Papifts and Protcftants, Coligny, who was then in Favour at Court, procured other Ships to be I fent to this Country, which was now call'd Carolina, from Fort Charles, as that was from the French King. The Com- mand of rhofe Ships, and the Men aboard, was given to] Lewis LuHikncr., who was order'd to carry on the Se:tlc-| ment. He arrived here the 20th of "June, \^S\, with! three Ships, and was kindly received by the Indians; butl could find no Gold and Silver Mines, tho' he fpent much Labour and Time in Search after them. His Provilions be-l ing aimed all gone, and the Natives either unable, or un*| willing to furnifli him with more, Laudoner refolved to re- turn alfo to France : and as he was preparing to depart, Jtan\ Ribaut arrived with three Ships, which had fo good an Ef.[ fe£t on the Indians, that they feem'd to be as welcome to I them as to the French. The Kings of Homoloa, Seravatr\\ Almacam^ Malica and Cajiri waited upon Ribaut, to con- gratulate his Arrival, and promifed to condud him to the| Apalataian Mountains, which part Carolina from Virginia. The French conceived great Hopes of this Settlement;! but all vanifti'd on the Arrival of the Spaniards^ who with! a Squadron of Ships and Land Forces, drove the French out! of their Forts, kiil'd Ribaut and (k>o Men, after havingl given them Conditions of Life, and obliged Laudoner, with! a few of his Countrymen who remained alive, to return to| Franct. The Frevch King took no Notice of this Adt of Violencel committed on bis Subjeds, becaufe they were Proteftants J and indeed 'tis thought Coligny intended, by this Settlement,! n'he Wflory of Carolina. 4 rg fecure a Retreat for himfclf, and his Brethren of the re- jirm'd Religion, in cafe they were conquer'd in France. httr Melanda commanded the Spaniards, who diflodg'd the pnchy and fo provoked the Indians by his Cruelty and In- Hce, that they were very ready to revenge themfelves when Dpportunity ofFer'd, as it did not long after ; for Capt. De iGsrgueSj a French Gentleman, at his own Joft, fitted out jiliree ftout Ships, and with 280 Men failed to Carolina, where le took the Fort, and put all the Spaniards within it to the jSworcl. They had built two other Forts, which he eafil/ lieduced, and ferved the Garrlfons as he dfd that of Fotc marles. He demolifti'd them, and was aflifted by the [Kings of Homoloa and Seravatri. The French travell'd into the Dominions of the great King Oiv. of Kid, Va Apalacha, near the Mountains, where they converted «* '*'"•• linany Indians to Chriftianity. Thefc Indians were more civil Itban thofe to the Northward, their Kings Dominions larger, liod their Manners, in a great meafure, refembled the \Uexicans. We do not find that Monfieur de Gorgues made any Scttle- Iflieiit here ; or that the Spaniards attempted to recover the ICountry, which, from the Year 15^67, lay defer ced by all {European Nations, till th** Reign of King Charles II. of Ertg- In the Year 162a, feveral £«^/^ Families flying from ^^'^ lihe Maflacres of the Indians in Virginia and N^w-Englandy. Iivere driven on thefe Coafts, and fettl'^d in the Province of mallica, near the Head of the River of May^ where they laired the Part of Miflionaries among the Mallicans and Apa- \khites. The King of the Country is faid to have been I baptized; and in the Year 1653, Mr. Brigjiock, an Euglifly- ffw», went to Apalacha, where he was honourably entertain'd Iby his Countrymen, who were there before him j and from Ibis Relation of the Country ours is taken. It will not be unacceptable to the curious, to fee a Dcfcrip- a n^firfp Ition of Carolinay as it was before the Englijh fettled there, '^""'^^^ which wc find very diftindly related in a Difaourfe printed '*'°'°'' A. D. 1^44. The neareji River of any Note to Virginia, fall" UngintoUhe Sea, is the Jordan, which lies in 32 Degrees', \from whence, about 20 Leagues downwards to the South, is the Promontory of St. Helen, near Port-Royal, which the French Uhofe for the hefi and fureji Place to begin their Plantations. \Miveen the Kiver Jordan and St. Hele"«s, are Oriftanum, caftell.*. iOftanum and Cayagnaj Oriftanum lying Leagues from St. 33. lilelcns, Oftanum 4 Leagues from Oriftanum, and Cayagna 8 Leagues from Oftanum. From St. Helens to Dos Baxos haven is % Leagues. From thence to the Bay de Afapo 3 Leagues, 1 », \\ .t'\ 460 ^e Hi /lory of Carolina. Leagues^ thence to Cafimunum 3, /« Capula 5, to Saron 9, S. Alcany 14., and to S. Peter 20 Ltaguts^ lying in 31 0<) grees of Latitude, The next Place is San Mattaeo, 5 Lea^uli from St. Peter. 'Twill be difficult for an Inhabitant of the prefent Carl Una to reconcile all thefe Names to the modern, and thJ old Defcription to the new ; wherefore we (hall not pretend to it, at leaft but occafiDnally, and where we can bealmoj Aire that we are in the right. This Country having been abandoned by all European Na] tionsfor near 100 Years, it feem'd realbnable then, thatanj one who would be at the Expcnce of fettling upon it, and cull tivate it, fliould poffcfs it ; and the Pretence of SebafiianCal hot's difcovering it gave the Crown of England a Title to it) which King Charles II. aflcrtedj for fome Noblemen and Gel^ tlemen begging it of him, he made a Grant of it, by a PatenJ bearing Date the 24th of March ^ i66iy to Edward ^■ax\ A Clarendon, then Lord High Chancellor of England^ ^^^m Duke of Albemarle^ William Lord Craven^ John LorJ Berkley y Anthony Lord AJhley, Sir George Carteret^ Sir lV'i\ Ham Berkley y and Sir John Colli ton-, who, to ufe the VVordl of the Grand Charter, being excited with a laudable and pious Zeal, for the Propagation of the Gofpel, begg'd a certa\\ Country in the Parts a/" America not yet cultivated andplanti cd, and only inhabited by fome barbarous People, who had 1 Knowledge of God^ &c. wherefore the King granted them al\ that Territory in his Dominions in America, from the Norm End of the IJland caWd Lucke-Ifland, which lies in thi Southern Virginian Sea, and within 16 Degrees of North Lati- tude j and to the Wefi as far as the South Seas ; andfo Souther\ ly as far as the River San Mattaeo, which borders on ihe Coaji o/'Floridji, and is within 31 Degrees of North Latitude, anei Jo Wefi, in a dire Si Line, as far as the South Seas afore/aid i With all Royal Fiilieries, Mines, Power of Life and LimbJ and every thing necefTary in an abfolute Propriety, paying i Quit-rent of 20 Marks yearly. We are not to enter into the Merits of the Caufe, not! enquire by what Right King Charles became poflefs'd of thii Province, and Carolina to be a Part of his Dominions in A-j merica ; *tis enough for us, that he gave the Proprietaries fuchj a Charter, and that they proceeded towards a Settlement byl virtue of it, which was in a few Years cffeded. Whateverj has been faid of the French and Spaniards, 'tis but juft, that! if one Nation does not think a Country worth cultivating,! and defcrts it, another, who has abetter Opinion of it, inay| enter upon it, by the Law of Nature and Reafon. Thil '^■■i'l ne Hiftory c/* Carolina. 461 The Prcprietarics, aher they had got their Charter, gave ue Encouragement for Perfons to fettle in this Province, nd there being exprefs Provifion made in it for a Toleration ,id Indulgence to all Chriftians in the free Exercife of th^ir Heligion, great Numbers of Proteftants, DilTenters from ♦ he Church of England^ retired thither. This Toleration appears fo firm by this Charter, that wa Konder any Palatine could pre fume to break in upon it. The [ing granted the Proprietaries full and fr'^e Licenfe, Liberty (id Authority, by fuch legal ways an'^' neans as they (haU iink fit, to give unto fuch Pcrlbn and Perfons, inhabiting d being within the faid Province, or any Part thereof, who illy in their Judgments, ano for Confcience fake, cannot ihall not conform to the Liturgy, Form and Ceremonies the Church of Eugland^ and take and fubfcribe the }aths and Articles, made and eflablifh'd in that Behalf, or ny of them, fuch Indulgences and Difpenfations in that bhalf, for and during fuch time and times, and with fuch imitations and Rellridtions as they, ^c. ihall think fit. Let us now fee what the Proprietaries did, purfuant to the tower the King has inverted them with, to grant Liberty of ifcience. We cannot have a better Authority than the C<7/1 \the Dtjjenten in Carolina, publilh*d lately by a Gentleman this Province. Tht firji Proprietors were fo fenfible that nothing could people f.tj* kt Province, and enrich it, hut an univerfal and abfolute Miration, that they made the mojl exprefs and ample Provi^ \in for fuch a Toleration that ever was made in any Confiitu^ \min the IVorld^ as may be feen in the 9^, lOi, 102, io(J \\\des of the Fundamental Conflitutions; which provide, as le Lords Proprietaries word it in thofe Conftitutions, That^* 36. «« the Natives of that Place, who will be concerned in our 'flantaiions, are utterly Strangers is Chrijiianity, whofe Idola- y, Ignorance, or Mijiake^ give us no Right to expel or uf§ km ill j and that 4hofe who remove from other Parts to plant itre, will unavoidably be of different Opinions concerning latter s of Religion, the Liberty whereof they will expeif to mi (dlowed them ; and that it will not be reafonahle for us^ I this Account, to keep them out : Therefore, that fure Peace ^fly he maintained, amid/I the Diver fly cf Opinions, and our \rtment and Compact with all Men may be duly and faith- lly obferved, the Violation wheref, upon what Pretence fo» w, cannot he without great Offence to Almighty God, and f tat Scandal to the true Religion, which weprofefs: And alftt 'it Jews, Heathens, and other Diffenters from the Purity fth$ Chri/iian Religion may not be fear' d^ and h^ at Dif \ tamt fe,. i- K. > • ..■I'l '1 J '111: 'iffif. :) i '■ -t J. i T) I 462 W«t*of 120 Articles, figned by the Duke of Jlbemarley then Pal •f Aibe- latineof the Province, the Lord Craven, the Lord J/hlJ Sir John Colliton, the Lord Cornbury, the Lord Berkley^ Sil George Carteret, the iQi oi March, 16^^. Which Conftij tutions, as is exprefled in the laft Article, Jhall be and remai i he f acred and unalterable Form and Rule of Government '\ Carolina/ar ever. They were drawn up by that great Philofopher Mi| Locke, at the Delire of that famous Politician the Earl Shaftsbury, one of the Proprietors, and the only one tb could be fufpefted of having the leaft Inclination to fevou the DifTenters. The firil Article of thefe Fundamentals isj That a Palatine Jhall be chofen out of the Proprietaries, wh Jhall continue during Life, and be fucceeded by the eldejl o/'/iJ other Proprietaries, The Palatine has the executive Power iif moft Cafes, and the reft of the Proprietaries have their Place and Privileges. Mr. Archdale, in the before-raentione Treatife, fays, They centered all their Power in four ofthmX viz. in a Palatine of their own chooftng, and three more, nil were authorized to execute the whole Powers of the ChartiA This is caWd the Palatine's Court ; and their Deputies in Ca| rolina execute it as they ar^ direSied by their Principals, marie. he Tit (lory of Carolina.- 4^3 By the Fundamental Conftitut ions, there arc to be three Uditary Noblemen in every County, one call'd a Land- [jve, and two call'd Cafliques. The Parliament conlifts [the Proprietors, or their Deputies, the Governor and bmmons ^ and by the Fundamentals Ihould have 25 Land- Bvcs, and 50 Calfiqucs to make a Nobility ^ but the Num- of Landgraves and Caflfiques is very fmall, and they are pt fummon'd to make an upper Houfe on that Account ; I the Governor and the Proprietors Deputies arrogate that [itlc. The Commoners are chofen by the Freeholders of jrery County, as the Commons in England^ and all were at CO fit in one Houfe, and have equal Votes. This Par- tinent fliould meet once in every two Years, and oftener, Occafion require. The Courts of Juftice are, befides ofc of the Palatine's Court, the Chief Juftices Court, the gh Conftablc's Court, the Chancellor's Court, the Trea- Irers Court, the Chamberlain's Court, the High Steward's l)urt; befides which, there are the Great Council, and J Hundred Courts. Mr. Archdale, on this Head, tells us, I The Charter generally, as in other Charters, agrees on I Royal Privileges and Powers, but efpecially at that time it ' had an overplus Power to grant Liberty of Confcience, tho' at home was a hot perfecuting time^ as alfo a Power to create a Nobility, yet not to have the fame Titles as here in England-^ and therefore they are there by Patent, under the Great Seal of the Province, call'd Landgraves ' and Cafliques, in Tieu of Earls and Lords, and are by their ' Tides to fit with tne Lords Proprietors Deputies, and to- 'gether make the upper Houfe, the lower Houfe being eleded by the People. Thefe Landgraves are to have four Baronies annex'd to their Dignities, of 6000 Acres each barony; and the Cafliques two Baronies, of 3000 ' each, and not to be divided by Sale of any Part. Only ihey have Power to let out a third Part for three Lives, ' to raife Portions for younger Children.'* Every County I a Sheriff and four Juftices of the Peace. Every Planter |iys li. an Acre Quit- rent to the Proprietaries, unlefs he uys it ofF. All the Inhabitants and Freemen, from 16 to c Years old, are bound to bear Arms, when commanded ' the Great Council. The Proprietaries enter'd into a joint Stock, and fitted out lilps on their own proper Charges, to tranfport People and kie thither, which Expence amounted to 12000 /. befides a& fuch or more disburfed by fingle Proprietors to advance the olony ; and all their Rents and Incomes have fince the ginning been laid out in publick Services. 4 Many iif; I 114- 1 464 ^^ Hiftory ^Carolina. Many Diflcnters of gooH Eftatcs went over, md tni other Pcrfons, in hopes to mend their Fortunes. Ap^jl they could tell how to improve the Opportunities that vvJ put into their Hands there, they had fcldom any Rca3 to repent of going thither. ^ Tho' the Difficulties and Dangers they met with at Bl were a little difcouraging, all free Per Ions who came ovl were to have 50 Acres of Land for themfelvcs, 50 more each Man Servant, and 50 more for each Woman Servar marriageable, and not marriageable 40 Acres. EachvScrval out of his or her time was to have 50 Acres, paying tj Quit-rent of 1 d. an Acre. The Proportion of Land wai much greater by the fir Inftrudions which the Proprietaries fcnt their Governor] but they afterwards thought fit to reduce it to the prcfent AUc ment. Some Gentiemsn who did not care to be liable 1 the yearly Quit- rent of i ^. an Acre, bought their Lands ou| right. The common Rate of purchafing now, is 20 /. for k Acres, and to*, a Year Quit-rent. The Proprietors, all their Leafes, never forget to except all Mines, Mineral] and ^arrUi of Gtms, and precious Stones. Things being thus eftablifti'd.thcLordsProprietaries appoinl Cei. willitm ^ QoXJVtUiam Sayle to be Governor of their Province, aboJ &yi*G«wr-jjjg Year 1670. The firft Plantations that came to any Pel fedion, were about Albemarle and Port-Royal Riversj bJ JJhley and Cooper Rivers drew People that way, for ill Convenience oi Pafture and Tillage, for which Reafon th| . part of the Country became moft inhabited. In 167 1, the Proprietaries fent Capt. HJ/led v/kh aSu ply of Provifions and Scores for the Colony, and create! James Carteret, Sir John Teomam^ and John Lock^ EfJ Landgraves. The Conftitutions having been found deficient in for Cafes, Temporary Laws were added, and the Form of G(j vernment fettled thus. A Council coniiiling A Gowrnor named by the Palatine. .. r 7 Deputies of the Proprietors. * % < 7 Gentlemen, chofen by the Parliament. * C. 7 ot' the eldeft Landgraves and CaiSques. ^he HfJIcry of Carolina. 4^5 An Admiral, A Chamberlain, Chancellor, Chief Juftice, Secretary, Surveyor, Trcal'urer, High- Steward, High-Connable, Rcgifter of liirths, feuriaU and Marriages, Rcgifter of Writings, Marihal gf (he Admiralty. .IP' All which were nominated by the Proprietors rerpe(flivcty. The Quorum of the Council were to be the Governor and Ij Councillors, of whom three at leaft were to be Propric* liors Deputies ; and becaufe there were not Inhabitants to Lkc a Parliament, according to the Fundamental Con/iuw Lw, 'twas ordcr'd to conlift of the Governor, the Depu- Itics of Proprietors, and twenty Members chofcn by the Frcc- l|)olilcrs, of whom ten were to beelcded by BerkLfs County, jiod ten by CoUiton County ; which Number was increafed. Its more Counties were laid out, and more People came to Ifetrle in the Province. The Temporary Laws Were made in the Year i6-ji. Atwi!ii*m hhich time IVilliam Earl of Craven was Palatine j on which ^jriufCn* Oiiicehe entered, after the Death of the Duke oi Memarle,]i^J*^*' fbo, as has been faid, was Palatine when the Fundamental Ccnjlituiions were figncd -, but died foon after. In the fame Tear Capt. Haljled was order'd to make Difcovcries up ^l)l(y River, and a Model of a Town was fent, which it fill be well if the People of Carolina are able to build lOo Years hence j but the Proprietaries, as appears by their Conftitutions and Inftrudtions to their Governors, thought |\was almoft as eafy to build Towns, as to draw Schemes. The next Governor to Col. Sayle was Sir John ITeomans, sir John [Baronet, in whofe time many of ihe before-mentioned Tranf- ^e«f"»"» lilions happened ; but we h»vc not been able to diftinguifh '^*""'^' ieEvciilft in his Governnnaat 'om thofe in Say/e's. About the Year id8o, the Proprietaries made Jofeph ^^, jofeph weft Efq; one of the firft Planters, their Governor. He was t^Goverutr. Man of Courage, WuUom, Piety and Moderation; and IfQch an one was neceilary in his time : For though many Dif- [fenters had fled from the Rage of their Enemies in England^ vs. there were not wanting Men of other Principles, who by Fadions diilurb'd the Peace of the Infant Colony. Mr. hhdaleh Word will, in this Cafe, be more acceptable to the Reader : *' The moft defperate Fortunes hrlt ventured I" over to break the Ice, which being generally the ill Livers of the pretended Churchmen, tho' the Proprietors com- milTionated one Col. fp^eji their Governor, a moderate, H h '!. juft, 466 ■ t V-f Jofeph Morctor., Efji Gover- nor. n'he Hijlory of Carolina. " juft, pious, and valiant Perfon ^ yet having a Council oj *' the loofe principled Men, they grew very unruly, and had " like to have ruined the Colony by abuling the IndmiA " whom in Prudence they ought to have obliged in the highl " eft Degree, and fo brought an Indian War on the CountrJ ** like that in the firft planting of Virginia, in which fevera " were cut ofFj but the Governor by his manly Prudctrcei " at leaft in a great Meafure, extinguiflied the Flame, whicll " had a long Time threatened the Diflblution of the Colony.] The two Factions were that of the Proprietaries and that d the Planters, like Court and Country Party in England, Thl Divifion got to fuch a Head, that one Mr. John Culpeper wa, fent Prifoner to England, with a Charge of High-Treafoil againfthim for raifing a Rebellion in Carolina-, for which h] was tried at fFe/iminJler- Hall, and upon hearing the Matteij it appeared only to be a diforderly Quarrel among the PlanteJ and Inhabitants of the Province, fo he was acquitted. Col. ff^e^ held a Parliament in Charles-lown^ A, 1682, in which feveral Ads were pafTed and ratified by hir (Andrew Percivall, Efq^ IVilliam Owen, Efqj and Mauri\ Matthews^ Efq; Deputies of the Proprietaries) as, An A^ for Highways, for fupprejftng Drnnkennefs and profane Swear ing,for Obfervation of the Lord* s Day, and for fettling th Militia. 'Twas in this Governor's Time, that the IViJioes, a Natioj of the IndianSyVfere troublefom to the Colony, and attempul the Subverfon of this hopeful Settlement, as the Aft of Paif liament to raife Money for repelling them words ir. Therl was not much Blood Ihed or Money fpent, for 4 or 5001 paid the Charge of the War and other publick Expences. The Lords Proprietaries ereded a Commiffion for Maum Matthews, Efqj William Fuller, Efq; Jonathan Fiiz, Efd and John Boon^ Efq; to decide all Caufer between the Enm and Indians. And Mr, IVeJi is charged with dealing in /;j iiians : For which and oppofiilg the Proprietaries Party, was removed in the Year 1683, and Jofeph Moreton, EfJ appointed Governor in his ftead. 'Twas about this Time, that the Perfecution, raifed by thj Popifli Fadlion and their Adherents in England againft thl Protelhnt Diflenters, was at the Heigth, and no Part of th| Kingdom fufFered more by it than Sofnerfetjhire, The Au thor of this Hiftory lived at that Time with Mr. Blake, Bra ther ro the famous General of that Name, being educated bj his Son-in-law who taught School in Bridgwater ; and re members, though then very young, the Reafons old Mr. Bla ufed to give for leaving England: One of which was, Thii tlJ *?7v Hifiory of Caroliria.' Miferies they endured, meaning the Diffenters then, nothing to what he forefaw would attend the Reign of [popiih Succeffor, wherefore he refolved to remove to Ca- And he had fo great in Intereft among Perfons of Ma: (principles, I mean the Diffenters, that many honeft fub- Perfons engaged to go over with him, [l muft prevent all Prejudice to what I have faid, by de- ling that this Book is written by one who is not himfelf a' lilTencer, but verily believes the true Church of England is ■ moft orthodox and the moft pure Church in the World. I by the true Church of England^ he underftands all thofe I live up to the Dodlrine it profeffes, who by their Piety, Ijarity and Moderation, are Ornaments of our holy Re- fcoD, and who do not blindly efpoufe a Name out of In- tft, or from thelmpreffionsof Education; who pity, and [hate fuch as diffent from them, who are loyal to their [ince, fubmiffive to their Superiors, true to their Country, charitable to all: Of fuch a Temper is every true urchman, and may their Number daily encreafe, till we tall of one Mind and one Religion, as we have but one I and one Saviour. I if the Reader v;ill pardon this Digreffiort he (hall have no ore, and fo much it was neceffary to fay, that he may not ink whatever is faid of Mr. Blake or his Brethren, is out of {fpedt to his Profeflion, but as a Chriftian : For though I ubt not there may be many good Chriftians of the fame Jfociples, I ihould efteem them more if they would be con- heed and conform, that the Union, fo often recommended' ]our gracious and glorious Queen Jnne^ may be: univerfal. [I fay the more of Mr. Blake^ becaufe his Family is one of : moft confiderable in this Province, where he arrived in (Year 1683, with feveral other Families the Followers of iFortune. What Eftate he had in England he fold, to the Effeds along with him, and though the Sum was not ny Thoufanda, if it did at all defer ve the plural Number^ Hit was all that his great Brother left him, though for feveral (tars he commanded the Britijh Fleet, and in a Time wheri f naval Arms were viftorious, and the Trcafurcs of New m feldom reached Home. \i^ Mr. Blake's Prefence in Carolina y the Sober Party, wc Ithemfo in Oppofition to Mr. Archdale*s III Liver s, began [take Heart, and the other to be difcouraged in their irre- lar Courfes. The Gentleman I juft mentioned, in his Uription of Carolina writes thus : In Governor Moreton*/ mti General Blake'j Brother with man-j Dijfenters came ta foliiKj wh'teh Blake Wing a tbife and prudent Pgrfon, of aH H h a htrmt 467 ■Svi i; rv\ %: % ' % 468 "the Hipry of Carolina. hero'ick Temper of Spirit, Jirengthened the Hands of fiber [, dined People, and kept under the firjl Uofe and extravaga Spirit^ &c. The Governor, as we are told, married Mr Elizabeth Blake his Daughter, and by this Alliance, th Strength of their Party was fo encreafed, that we hear Ijct of the other till Mr. Colliton*s Government. There being fome Complaints againfl Mr. Matthews an the other Commiflioners for deciding Caufes between tH Englijh and the Indians, they were difcharged and the Cot miflion abrogated. The Lords Proprietaries ordered til Indians 400 Miles from Charles-Town to be taken into the Protedion. The County of Berkley between Stono and Seweevizs m\ laid out, and foon after Craven County on the North Berkley, and Colliten County on the South : All which Couj ties were divided into Squares of 12000 Acres, for the veral Shares of the Proprietaries, Landgraves and CaiTiques. Mr. Moreton at his entring upon his Office called a Pa liament, which met in Form and paflcd feveral A(9:s- d For raijing 500 /. for defraying the public k Charge of /] Province ; for regulating the Surveyor General's Fees : raifing the lvalue of foreign Coin j for Trial of fmall and med Caufes under 4.0 s. for Damage of protefied Bills of e\ change; for afcertaining pubHck Officers Fees; tofufpend Pn fecution for foreign Debts ; to inhabit the trading with Servan or Slaves j far laying out and making good Highways j fir pr venting the taking away Boats and Canoos ; for marking of i Sorts of Cattle ; to prevent unlicenfed Taverns and Punci Houfes, and afcertaining the Rates and Prices of Wine al other Liquors; to prevent Runaways, All which Adts we figned by Jofeph Moreton, Efq; Governor, John Godfn Efq; John Boon, Efq^ James Moor, Efq; Maurice Matthcu Efqi Andrew Percivall, Efq; Arthur Middleton, Efq; Coul fellors and Deputies, and Mr. Jofeph Oldys, Clerk to tj Parliament. At this Time Robert Gibs, Efqj was Treafu( of the Colony ; John Moor, Efq; Secretary ; John Bo, Efq; Robert Daniel, Efq; Mr. Bernard Schinkingh, Peter Hearn, and Capt. Florence O Sullivan, were appoiii cd Commidionersfor flatingand paffingthe publick Accoun Maurice Matthews, Efq; was alfo Surveyor-General. Tl Trade of dealing in Indians continued, and feveral of tj Proprietors Deputies were concerned in it : Whether tl Governor Mr. Moreton favoured it or not, we cannot u| dertake to determine. *Tis certain he did not long enjoy I Office: For it appears by the Copies of the original Inftrui^ gas fen( by the Proprietaries to his Succeflbr, that in the fd lowil T^he Hijiory of Carolina. 469 mfingYear the Palatine made Sir Richard Kyrle Governor, ^l'' R^^^hari lewasa Gentleman of Ireland^ and dying within the Year, ^/^J^^';^"' 'isftph Wejiy Efqj was again chofen Governor by the Coun- lofeph and being a Man of great Intereft, the Proprietaries J^^^' ^Z?' light fit to confirm him in his Government: But they ''*'*"""^' med out Maurice Matthews^ E(q; yames Moor^ Efq; and ihur MiddUtoriy Efij; from being Dep\..ties and Council- Sj for difobeying their Orders and fending a^/ay Indians, ey alfo difplaced their Secretary John Moor, Efqj and put 'ukrt ^uurry, Efq; in his Place. Thus we fee the latter has enjoyed honourable Offices iny Years in the Jmerican Colonies ; with the Intereft of lich he muft by this Means be very well acquainted. In Mr. lFeJi*s fecond Government, the Right Honourable leLord Cardrojfe removed to Carolina, and with ten Scots 'amilies fettled at Port-Royal, efteemed the moft convenient lace in this Province for Commerce, as being the beft t. The Lord Cardrojfe having been difgufted with the ivemment of the Province, for fome ill Ufage he met ilh returned to Scotland, and the Spaniards diflodged the ti who had feated themfelves on that fine River. This ird was of the Houfe of Buchan, and in King lFilliam*s eign enjo^'cd the Title of Earl of Buchan. Diflenters continuing to come hither from all Parts of 'Mlland, the C:' • ' thrived and encreafed in Numbers and iches. James CoUitcn, Efq; of Barbados, Brother to Sir Peter iiton Baronet, a Proprietary, being honoured with the of Landgrave, left the Ifland he lived in, and tranf- irted himfelf and Family to Carolina^ where he feated him- If at old Charles-Town on Cooper KWer, built a handfom loufe there, and being made Governor, his Seat is to this james Coi- ly called the Governor's Houfe. Had this Gentleman had lit 'n, Ef^. much Honour and Capacity as his Brother Sir Peter, we ^''^'"""•• luld have had no Occafion to excufe ourfelves for keeping the Truth of Hiftory in his Behalf. One of his Suc- Fors writes in this Manner of his Government : ' The ^r. Arch- Party Governor Moreton had gone a great Way in fuppref- daiev d-- ling, grew now fo ftrong among the common People, that ^"/^/^ they chofe Members to oppofe whatfoever the Governor rquefted, infomuch that they would not fettle the Militia Aa, though their own Security depended on it, and that it would be Grounds of their farther Strength.' The Reafon the Difcontent the People lay under, were Difputes about Tenure of their Lands and Payment of their Quit-Rents, ich were not fettled till Mr. ArchdaWs Government. H h 3 Mr. i -fv I'" 1 ■I i I r ■■ .i'i '■■n I.. !i r ^■^!^^ 470 ^h Hifiory of C^YoWn^, Mr. CoUiton called a Parliament J. D. KJgy. This, fembly not liking the Proprietaries Fundamental ConjUtutl^ and thinking they could fupply the Deficiencies in them pointed a Committee to examine them : And thefc Gent] men drew up a new Form of Government, differing in m^ Articles from the former, to which they gave the Title Standing Laws and Temporary Laws. This CommitiL were James Colli:on, Efqj Governor, Paul Gr'mball, El and William Dunlopy Efq; Deputies ; Bernard Schinkil Thomas Smith, John Farr^ and Jofeph Blah, Efqrs- Co] jnoners. But neither the Lords Proprietaries nor the PeoJ "^F Carolina accepted of them ; and thus the Fimdamen Jon/lituiions keep their Ground to this Day. Mr. CoUiton gave fuch Difcontent in his Adminiftratid that he was baniflied the Province j a Fate few Dovernl of Colonies were ever fo unhappy as to meet with. Thomas Mr. Archdak tells us, Mr. Smith fucceeded Mr. ColxA ^''"'th. £/7iand that he fucceeded Mr. Smith, but then the latter ml Qovtymr. y^^^^ y^^^^ \.mcz Govemor : For we find feveral other Genf men who hsd that Title and Office before the Year idj when Mr. Archdale fays, Governor Smith wrote over to Proprietaries, toadvifethem to fend one of their Number Co/. Robert Carolina. For Col. Robert ^arry was Governor about i ?o"7or ^^^^ 16^0. After him Mr. Southwell. And in the A/r7south- 1692., Col. Philip Ludwellhe\dthk Governtncm. Inwli well Cover- it is certain, he was fucceeded by the ?^bove -mentioned fnas Smith, Efq; Landgrave of this Province. We are not doubtful of any Error in this Order of the yernors except in Mr. SouthwelPsy our Informations hav| been uncertain as to him. * Mr. Smith, fays Mr. Archdale, was a wife, fober, wj ' living Man, who grew fo uneafy in the Governmentj * Reafon he could not fatisfy People in their Demands, * he wrote over Anno 169^, It was impojfible to fettle ' Country, except a Proprietary himfelf was fent thither ■^ full Power to hear their Grievances.* The Proprietaj took Governor Swith's Letter into Confideration, and Lord Ajhley was pitched upon by all the Lords as a PfiH every Way qualified for fo good a Work, but he defired be excufed on Account of his particular Affairs in Engld Upon which Mr. Archdale was chofen by the Proprietaij to be fent over with large and ample Powers. Which hav received, he embarked and failed to Carolina. When arrived and entered upon the Government in Auguji it he found all Matters in great ConfuUon, and every M applied chemfelves to him in Hopes of Relief. In orde^ • wh 7iur Cn!. Philip I.udwell iji"icrnor, Thomas •■rnirb, Ejq f}ovf nor. J"hn Arch d le, Efyi Guvernor, Tloe Hiftory of Carolina. yhich he fummoned an AfTembly, and made a kind Speech them. The Parliament chofe Jonathan Jtnary^ Efq^ to h their Speaker, and having prefented a dutiful Addrefs to lihe Governor, proceeded to do Bufinefs. But the Divifions Dong them were fo great, that had not Mr. ArchdaU ex- brcifed a great deal of Patience, neither his Power as Go- lernor, nor his higher Title of Proprietary could have Irought that Aflembly to any Temper, which he at Jail pected, and the Diforders of the Province were remedied. The Parliament prefented an Addrefs of Thanks to the iGovernor to be tranfmitted to the Proprietaries, and all pings ended well. In his Time the lar.incfees an Indian fction, who formerly lived under the Spariijh Government Ijnd now under the Englijh^ made an Incurfion into the Ter- |ritories of another Indian Nation near SanHa Maria, not &; from St. Augujiino, took feveral Prifoners, snd intended [0 fell them for Slaves at Barbados or Jamaica, as had been lufual anong thera. Mr. Archdale hearing of it fent for the JKing o' the Tammafees, and ordered him to bring thofe Xldians to Charies-Town, which be did. They were Papifts, lind the Kings of England and Spain being at that Time Con- Ifederates, the Governor gave* the King of the Tammafees Or- Ida's to carry them to St. Augujiino, with a Letter to the Go- Ivernor, which may ferve to give us an Idea of the Power of Iso Indian ICing, who receives Orders from a Governor of a Ifmall Province, as Carolina was then at leafl; whatever it is loovv. The Spaniard who commanded in St. Augujiino returned iMr. Archdale a Letter of Thanks, and not long after another |M<7« King was fent by the Spanijh Governor, with a Let- Iterof Complaint, of Wrong done the ^^n/y^/W/Wi by thofe (iHied to the Englijh. The Spanijh Indians were called Churchcates, of whom I the Apalachicoloes, Englijh Indians, had killed three. The IGovernor commanded that Nation and all others depending Ion the Englijh, to forbear molefting thf)fe within the Spanijh Ijurifdidion i which had fo good an Effect, that when Mr, mbert Barrow, Mr. Edward JVardell, and other Englijh- \m, were afterwan'i caft away to the Southward of Augufti-. L, the barbarous Indians offered them no Hurt -, and when Itbey arrived at that Town, the Governor fupplied them with lallNecefraries. Col. Bull, one of the Council and a great Trader with llhe Indians, engaged jthat Nation which dwelt about Cape mar to fubmit to the Englijh, who however were afraid to Imiftthenj; for z Veflel coming from New-J^nglfind being H h 4. ihip- 471 tl !i:!l 4m; S i \ 47;? 7Z)^ Hiftory of Carolina. ihipwrcckcd on that Coaft, the Paflengcrs to the Number ol ^a dcfpaircdof their Lives from thofe Barbarians, but refolvl cd to defend themfclves as well as they could : Accordingl] they entrenched in their little Camp. The Indians cami down, and by Signs of Fnendfhip invited them to coml forth, which they were afraid to do. At laft when their Pre vifions wjere almoft all fpent, fome of them ventured ouiL were kindly received and furniOied by the Indians with Nel ccffarics. The King invited them to his Town, treated them, and four or five of them travelling to CharUs-Tmn gave the Governor Notice of their Misfortunes; whjci hearing he fenta Ship to fetch the reft, and they arrived fafel] at the Capital of Carolina. In ^'^r. ArchdaUs Time, two Indians quarrelling in thei| drin'i ;, one of them prefenily killed the other, who(i Wife ocmg by immediately diftnembered the Murderer to re venge her Husband's Death, cutting off his Privities with Knife. The Governor happening to be near the PlacJ where the Murder was committed, ordered the Criminal tj be purfued. He was taken in a Swamp about i() Miles fror the Town, to which he was fent under a Guard. The Nal tion to whom the Qain Indian belonged, hearing of hi Death, their King came to Mr. AnhdaU and defired JuftiJ upon the Murderer. Some of whofe Friends would havj bought him off as ufual, but nothing lefs than his DeatH would fatisfy the injured Nation ^ and according to the CuJ torn of his own Country, the Governor ordered him to bj iliot by the Kinfman of the Deceafed. Ashe was leading Execution his King came to him, and bid him die like a Mu^ fince he mvji die, adding, he had often forewarned him of Run Che Liquor which he was drunk with when be killed th| Man, and now he muji lofe his Life for not taking his Com^d\ When he came to the Tree, he defired not to be tied c(| it but to ftand loofc, faying, I will not Jlir when hejhoots mi So he was (hot in the Head and fell down dead. This Piece of Juftice hindered a War between the NaJ tions to which thefe two Indians beloriged. The Indians in] habiting the Country about the River Pemlico, were almoll all confumed by a peftilential Difeafe while this Governoj was in CaroHha ; and the Coranines, a bloody and harbaml Pecple^ were moft of them cut off hy a neighbouring Nation, j In his Time feveral Families removed from New-Englani to fettle at Carolina, and feated themfelves on the RiveJ Sewee in North Carolina. Thefe «re all the Events whicll happened during Mr. ArchdaU% Government, at leaft h^ ^as thought fit to communicate no more to th&Publick, and Tbe Hijiory of C^LToVma, 473 jinconfiderable as they may appear to forae Perfons who are ffed to turn over the Grecian and Roman Hiftories, if they mill give themfelves the Trouble to examine the Affairs of Ibefe two Empires, they will find them as trivial in the Be- ginning at leaft, if they can diftinguifh the HIJiory from the We cannot expect much Bttfinefs in the Infancy of a fcoiony, and yet Carolina is not fo young, but Fadions have Icen as rampant there, as if the People had been made wan- [OD by many Ages of Profperity. Mr. ArchdaUy to ufe his own Phrafe, Returned for En- jljnd, being not fent for Home. And Jofeph Blake^ Efq; Jofeph |Son or the before-mentioned Mr. Blake being become a Pro- civmiof Iprietary, was looked upon as the fitteft Per ion to fucceed him |in his Government, in which Office he behaved himfelf to libe Satisfadtion of the Country, which he governed with qual Prudence and Moderation. I In h's Time Major Daniel brought from England new Conftitutions, confifting of 41 Articles, wherein as ample provilion was made for Liberty of Confcience, as in the fun- damental Conftitutions. Thefe new Laws were called the lad Fundamental ConJiitutionSy and figned by John Earl of f^hn Earl \hth. Palatine; Anthony Lord A/l)/ey, the Lord Cra^ien, the "/ Bath p*- kord Carteret^ the Earl of Bath, Sir John Colli ton, miliam^'*'""' nhornburgh Merchant, Thomas Amy and pyill'mm Thorn- Uurgh-^ but they were never [confirmed in Parliament at iCarolina. Mr. Blake, though he was himfelf a DilTenter, finding there I was no fettled Maintenance for the Church of England Mi~ nifter, procured an AO: of Aflfembly (iri which there were a great Number of Diflenters) for the fettling a very convenient Houfe with a Glebe, two Servants, and 150 /. per Annum up- on the Minifter of Charles-Town for ever. 'Twas by his Infitience that Ad paft, and he gave his Aflent to it ; he as Governor, having a negative Voice to all Bills. His Lady alio was one of the greateft Benefadors towards the Ornaments of the Church. And this Friendftiip deferved a more grate- fill Return than they met with from thofe who fucceeded in the Government. Mr. Blake dying about the Year 1700, after he had been Governor four or five Years, the Proprietaries Deputies met according to their Inftrudions in fuch Cafes, and proceeded to the Eiedion of a new Governor ; which Poft is generally conferred on the eldeft Landgrave if there*s no Objedion to him, and no Perfon fent from England with that Charader. * Jofeph 4 ■'' !<' „>■ *='■■ |! H p '. I t'l ■ I : • i Li' ■'' v I !^^ ' K 'I .n" : ,' I /, li'l r i. * llilii m : 1 ' III 474 vemort II The Hijlory of Carolina. yofeph Moretoriy Efq; being the elded Landgrave wa cle(5led Governor by the Deputies j but Capt. Jamti Alosr one of thefe Deputies, knowing the Party he had amonl them objeded againft Mr. Moreton, as if he had tnadc Breach of theTruft repofed in hira by the true and abfoluti Lords and Proprietaries, by accepting of a CommiflTion fror King IVilliam to be Judge of rfie Admiralty, when he had a| the lame Time a Commiilion from the Lords Proprietarie for the fame Office. Though this Objeftion was anfwered by Mr. Mortionl i'riends, 'That it did not appear by the Charter^ the Proprietariei can impower any one to try Perfons for FaSis committedout of the'A Dominions, which is nece[fary for fuch a fudge ^ and iheProl prietaries could not grant it ^ yet fuch was Mr. Moorh Inte] reft, that on this his Objection Mr. Moreton was fet afide, and iioi gJ" his Opponent Mr. Moor chofen Governor. Mr. Moreton in^ formed and complained to the Proprietaries, but was nevej redrefled. From this Election I date the Rife of all the MisfortuneJ that have fince befallen this Colony, and that have given the Government of England fo much Trouble. The Earl of Bath was dead, and his Son fohn Lord Granville lately advanced to the Houfe of Peers, was Pala-^ tine. All the World knew how zealous that Gentleman had been for promoting a Bill againft occafional Confbrmifts ir England^ and that he (hewed his Averfion to Diflenters ever in the Court of Stannaries in the Pl^eji while he was WardenJ The Bitternefs of his Spirit appeared in the Speeches he made to the Reprcfentatives of that Court, and was fuch that he was not long employed by a Government, which is foundedl on Principles of Juftice and Moderation ; which has in alll Things promoted Union, and which has united the Hearts! of all the Subje(Sts of the Britijh Empire more than all the! Princes couia do lince the Conquefi^ and many Ages before it.l In an ill Time therefore did this Palatine countenance! the DiviGons in Carolina, by encouraging this and the fuc- cesding Governor in their vain Endeavours to eftablifli that! (for a Law there, which had been rejedted with fuch Marks | of Abhorrence in England by our Illujirious Reprefentativeu Mr. Moor was eafily confirmed in his new Dignity by the I Palatine, and as he is (aid to have fought after it to enrich himfelf, fo he made Ufe of it to that End, he being in mean { Circumftances, if the Reprefentation of the principal In- habitancis ot the Colony does not deceive us. Let us give the Reader the proper Words, that we may not I be accufed of Partiality, which we deteft in alllThings that| I hurt! John Lord Cranv He laLitinc» TJ:e Htjlory of Carolina. 475 Ijiurt the Truth. But we know very well that Faction will often accufe Fa which, frefentation feveral of the Members, jealous of their Privileges, and be- *{rf ,/ coT . ^"g ^° ordered by thofe that fent them, enter'd their Pro- iituii Cmnty. teftation, and left the Houfe ; but returned the next Day, offering to fit longer, if the reft of the Aflembly would join with them in aflerting their Right. The whole Afl'embly conlHtt Tiji' Hiftory of Carolina. 479 iiis of but 30 Members, and 1 5 of them protefted a- nft the irregular Proceedings of the Governor. Inftead tempering Matters, when they returned to the Houfe, ty were abufed and treated with the moft fcandalous Rc- [citions, unbecoming an AfTembly that reprefcnted a whole ovince. And as they were infultcd within Doors, they fcrc atfaulted without -, for a Day or two after, Licutenant- lolonel George Dcarsby drew his Sword upon Thomas Smithy fq- a Landgrave, and once Governor of the Colony, threat- ling his Life. John Ajh^ Efqj a Member of the AfTembly, as not only abufed in the Streets, by a Company of drunken cllows, but forced aboard a Ship belonging to Capt. Rhett^ threatned to be hang'd, or fent to Jamaica, or left on tnedefert Tfland. This Mr. jljh is the Man who was cm- as Agent for the People of Carolina^ to reprefenc their [(jrievances in the firft Memorial, call'd the prefent State of fairs in Carolina; and the Perfons who thus barbaroufly ireated him, were George Dearsby, Nicholas Nary, Thomas \j)alton, and others, whom, fays the Reprefentation of Coi- pn County, Article XI, the Governor had treated immedic i- ^jhefo" the Riot began, and ufed J'uch Exprcjftons to them, as \m]i them, next their Drink, the greate/i Encouragements for ^hatthey a5led; telling them, The protejiing Members wouL^-'i^' Iring the People on their Heads, jor negteSfing to pay thi Cmniry*s Debts. After the Riot began, of Part of which he 0S an Eye-witnefs, having firjl drank withfome of them, he ^lihdretv himfelf out of the way. This Riot coptinued four or five Days ; and Edmund Bellinger, Efijj a Landgrave, md Jufticc of Peace, attempting to fupprefs ir, was call'd opprobrious Names by the Rioters, and Rhett can'd him for a confiderable time. The Rioters aflaulted Mr. Jofeph Boon, a Merchant, deputed by Colliton County, to prefent the a- bovc-mention'd fecond Reprefentation to the Palatine and Lords Proprietaries, and put him in Danger and Fear of Ills Life, without any Provocation. The ^me they did by W.James Byres, who, with the reft, complained to the Gover- nor; and receiving no Satisfadtion, they ask'd him, "'hether he did not look on himfelf, as Governor, obliged ; ♦ keep the Peace of the Province } The Governor reply'd, That's a '^ic/iion I am not obliged to anjwer. He told them, *twas ajuftice of Peace's Bulmefs. The Rioters wertt one Night to the Hcule of one John hith^ 2l Butcher in Carles-Town, and forcing open the Door, threw down a Woman big with Child, and other- wife tnifuling her, (he brought forth a dead Child, with the Back and Skull broken. Thefe Inftances are enough to fhew I i V I 1 1- .■■'^^^ i 480 Cafe ofDif. in Car- 15., Sir Nath. Johnfon Governor, ^he Hijiory of Carolina. fhew any Man the Temper of this Governor and his Partv, who were the fame that Hickled fo mucl^ for the unhappl Bill wfc mull fpeak of in the Sequel of this Hifliory. Whj folio w'd upon this Riot, is told us in a lateTradt, which lliall make ufe of in the Author^s own Words, ^' As thj *' Riot was raifcd, encouraged, and countenanced by tJ *' faid Governor and Council ; and as no Alliilance could *' be obtained to quell it, fo all Methods to enquire intd " and punifli it, have been render'd ineffedtual, and cm '* Courfe of Juftice intirely Hop'd. For Sir Nathaniel Joh} " fon was made Governor in, the Room of the faid Mw '* The faid Governor Moor was prefently made Attorneyj " General; and Mr. 7^fl/^ another of the chief Abcctorl of the Riot, the Chief Jultice of the Common Pleas, whq in this Province, is fole Judge. Sir Nathaniel JohnM was General of the Leeward IJlqnds^ in the Reign of thJ late King James ; but he quieted his Government upofl *' the Revolution, and retired tp Carolina, where he lived privately till the Death of the late King y. f. 20. This Anfwer j)ad, in the laft Part of it, a Face of Mode-j ration ; and fuch an Air was neceflary, becaufe an Affcmbly was about being eledted. The Conjpirators^ as my Authoi| tern lie HiJIory £/' Carolina. IDS them, fav^ that a new. Parliament might fet all things [rights again 'y and therefore when the time of a new Eleiiion L/, which^ according to their Conjlitution, is once in two \0iy they refohed to procure a Commons Houfe of Ajfemhly \ the fame Complexion with the former, and by more illegal Uaicesy if thcfe they had ufed in the former Ele£fions yid not do their Bufmefs. Their Deftgns took Effect, and ^ a Commons Houfe of AJfembly was returned:^ as fully an^ Wd their ExpcSiations. |The firft Reprefentation brought over by Mr. Ajh in- DS us, That at the EleSfion for Berkley and Craven Coun- b(, the Violence in Mr. Moor'j time^ and all other illegal mliices, were with more Violence repeaied, and openly O" yd by the prefeht Governor.^ and his Friends. The fecond Reprefentation adds, Jews, Strangers, Sailors^ vants, Negroes, and almajl every Frenchman in Craven Berkley Counties, came down to eleSi^ and their Votes irt taken, and the Perfons by them voted for, were returned Vhe Sheriffs. I The Aflembly meeting, chofe Job Hovj, Efq; to be their taker; and this was that Parliament, who, to opprefs the oteftant Diffencers, brought in a Bill contrary to the firft d laft Fundamental Conftirutions, to the true Intereft of eColony, and the Right of every Freeholder there. *Twas bled, Jn ASt for the more effe^ual Prefervation of the Go- jenmenf, by requiring all Perfons thai ftjall hereafter he mn Members of the Commons Houfe of /fffemhly, and ft in \^ame, to &c. and to conform to the religious IVorfhip in )k?rovince, according to the Church of England, and to \m the Sacrament of the Lord*s Supper according to the m and Ufage of the f aid Church. Every Diflfenter that was turned out of the Houfe, by Ue of this A(St, made Room for the moft bigotted of the [Kftion to get in -, for it provided, that the Perfon who had tmoft Votes next to fuch DilTemer fhould be admitted his Place; 'and thofe that oppofed the Diffenters being merally, according to the before-menrion'd Author, Men ^violent and perfecuting Principles, the Faction fecured the vetin their own Hands. I There were la Members for this Bill, and ii againft it, Ithe lower Houfe; and in the upp I . il *>, 1 i. :.^ f " 1 ■ VI ^i I ?■:; CafeofDlJf. Cat. />'23. Hje Hiflory of Carolina. contrived for forcing the Currency of Bills of Credit to th Value of 6000 1. Thefe Bills were declared current in Payrnents^ and the Refufer of them fuenhle in double the ri lue of the Sum refufca\ whereby the holdeji Stroke has hA given' to the Property of the Settlers in this Province^ thi ever^ was known in any Country not governed by arbitral Power. And the bad Confequences of this forced Currency relation to Trade with Strangers^ are fo great^ that they J fcarcely be exprefCd. But there has nothing of this bd weighed by yettr Lordjhips Deputies here^ or by the ^ac\ Mtmbers of our Commons Houje of Affembly. Befides all th\ the People are not faiisfy*d how many Bills are truly fent abroa and the great Concern Mr, James Smith, alias Serurier (wl cheated the Sc >ts Company of a confiderable Sum of Money ^ A with his Kee-m- made his Ef cape from London hither) had this Contrnan *', gives a Jeatoufy of indireSi P radices. this the Reader underftands what Inconveniencies the A\ gujiino Expedition brought upon the Colony, and what fq of Perfons were Promoters of this occafional Bill in An But to fliew that thisFadion in the AflTembly had nJ rica. Seeb's Letter to Dr. Stan hope, Part 2. p. 57' P. 6a. p. 63. thing lefs in their View, than the real Advancement of ligion, and the Church of England, the Reverend Mr. Ei ward Marfhny Minifter of that Church in Charles Towl was cenfured by them, for three Paflagcs of a Scrnii preach'd there by him, two of which Paflagcs were not the faid Sermon, and that which Was, amounted to no moj than that the Clergy had a Divine Right to a Maintenan They deprived him of his Salary fetded on him by Ad Parliament, and of 50/. befides, due to him by an Adt Aflembly j tho' the chief Reafon was his having vifited Landgrave Smithy when he was in Cuftody of a Meflengi being committed by the Commons Houfe, and living frieni ly with the Diflenters Of this Aflcmbly the fame reverend Divine fays, t\ made Jome very odd and unjufii fable Laws, which have cafioned great Feuds and Animoftties here. And in his Rep fentation to the Lords Proprietaries : Moji of the late Me\ bers of the Affembly have been confiant Abfenters from the Hi Sacrament: So 'tis no IVonder they have inferted an ahfu\ Oath in a late Ail, &c. / cannot think it will be much the Credit and Service of the Church of England here, ih\ fuch Proviftons Jhould be made, for admitting the moji k and profligate Perfons to fit and vote in the making of our who will but take the Oath appointed by the late A£f. And the High Commiflioners *tiii faid. Eleven of the twenty w never known to receive the Saframent of the Lord's Supper. 7'he Hiflory o/* Carolina. 485 I And that this furious Faction were no Friends to the Church England is plain, by their Dcfign to wreft the ecclefiafti- 1 Jurifdidion out of the Hands of the Right Reverend L[ber in God, Henry Lord Bifhop of London. Mr, Mar- 1j being threatened in Col. Rijiees Houfe, That at the next ions of Jjpmbfy hejhouldfee the B'ljhop of London'j Jurif- h'm abolijhed there. And of this Carolina Parliament he k farther, Our lower Houfe of Affemhly imprifon by a Vote ofP-fS.- ^7- \t Houfe iine Die, and bid Defiance to the Habeas Corpus y^^?, L^/; made /•? Force there by an ASi of Affembly, The Gover- ))rwas very cholerick with the Mini/ler, becaufe he had made Pag. i?^. jandgrave Smith a Viftt at the Houfe of the Me(fenger ; and Wily lajhed him caufelefly with his Wliip^ and tore his Gown ?*»?. 58* \ his Back. His Creatures alfo in the Affembly were the Xmfwn of his Sufferings. ] If lam accufed of being partial in reprefcnting this Mac- jlanfwer, that befides the Memorials publiflied by the A- nt of Carolina, Mr. ArchdaWs Tradt and others, I have iigentl/ inquired into the Truth of the Fadt, and have not able to learn the leaft Hint that makes againfi: it, or vin- ates the Party that is complained of, and were powerfully «)te6led by the Lord Granville^ notwithftanding it was made lit to him, that the Affembly in palTmg the occafional Bill in Pan t. p, irdina, were guilty of the moft notorious ill Practices , and s^* tre Men of corrupt Principles and Manners. That Bill i brought into the Houfe the 4th of May, and carried fo lecipitately that it paft the 5th, four Days before the Time which they were prorogued. There never were above I Members prefent from the 26 th of April tc the 6th of h. There was but one more for it than againft it, and the latter many were Members of the Church of \tillatid. There's one Thing very remarkable in the Ad:, which is t Stile: Beit ena£iedby his E xcellency ]ohn Lord Granville, Uthe reji of the true and ahfolute Lords and Proprietors of jolina, iJc, A Stile never afTumed by them rill very late- From whence we may obferve how pleafed that Fadioii levery where with the defpotick and abfolute Power, info- [uch as to ufurp the Name when they cannot obtain any ling more. The Cafe of the Dijfenters in Carolina is (6 of Irregularities in the Courfe of this Affair, that we k refer the Reader to it. We have taken the mofl ma- Bial, and now are to fee what was done in England relating I this Matter. [The principal Merchants in London trading to Carolina U up a Petition to the Lord Granvilli againft pafling this lij Ad, !':!. r tl t 1 IK ;;ti^,; 4S6 P'i' ir. p4£.At, ne Hiflory of Carolina. Aft, or to order its Repeal. Which Petition they lodgfl with Mr. Booniy the Agent of Carolinoy who folicitcd tt Palatine feven Weeks before he could prevail to have a Boa] of Proprietaries called. Mr. Archdale^ one of the Proprietaries, oppofed the raj fyine the Bill tsgainft the Diffenters at the Board, and with fuc ioiid Reasons/ that it is amazing to find the Palatine ma this fliort Aniwer to all of them : 5/V, you art of one 0^/«iJ &nd I am of another y and our Lives may not be long enough \ tnd thi Controverfy : I am for this Bill, and this is the Par that I will head and countenance. What other Tone could he have talked in had he be/:n % tan of Carolina ? Mr. Boone prayed ht' mi^;hi be iieard !|j Council. The Palatine replied, ^f^hat Bupmfs has Cou.J here ? his a prudential Aii in mt^ and I 'mil do ax j fee fiL I fee no Harm at all in thU Bill, and am rejolved to pajs Heihould have added. Car teleJimtrePlaiJir. As ail Methods to procun; juftice from this Board were lt| eflfedlual in the Cafe of the DilTcnters, the iame wert thi in Mr. Marfton\ Caff, and the Abufe;; he met with fr'a?: tlj • Party the Lord Granville was refolvrd to head r 1 couisti riiince. And what that Party was in England- ana how thi^ hive Teen their unreafonable Attempts barTled and exploded, 101? \v(;li known to need any Remembrance here. Th^Biii which occafioned all the Complaints in Carohu having, p;ifl: thus illegally and arbitrarily, the Diffenters in tli Province being notoriouJJy known to be <.ihve two Thirds of d Psoplty and thericheft and fobereftanvtng them according i Mr Mar/ion's Evidence, it was not lii^ely that they woul| fuffer themfelves to be inliilted and perfecured without feekir Redrefs. The very Affembly who paffed the Bill, about ha a Year afterwards paffed another to repeal it when the Hou( was full, but it was loft in the upper Houfe ; and the Cover nor in great Indignation dtffolved the Commons Houfe by th Name of the Unjteady Affembly. The Society for propagatir the Gofpcl in America and ipifcwhere, meeting in St. Paut Church, raking the Adl for the eftabliftiing religious Woil fliip, €fff. into Conlideration, refolved not to fend or fuppoj any Millionaries in that Province, till the faid Adt or tii| Claufe relating to the Lay Coromiffioners was annulled. There being no Hopes of any Redrefs of the Grievance the Inhabitants of this Colony fuffered in Carolina^ nor fron tbe Lords Proprietaries in England^ they refolved to brinj the Matter before the Houfe of Lords in England^ nc doubting but to have entire Juftice done them by that augufl Allcmbiy, where the Language of their Palatine wa neve The Hifiory of Carolina. 4S7 l^er heard from the Throne, at leaft in this Reign or the ^, both which are the Glory of the Briujh Annals, Mr. Boom was not only impowered by the principal Inha- lidtants of Carolina to ad as their Agent, but he was aflifled i0 his Agency by feveral eminent Merchants of London^ who toied the Petition to the Houfe of Lords j as Mr. Micajah prry, Mr. Jofeph Paicey Mr. Peter ReneWy Mr. Chrijiophtr f^ler and others. The Eflfed of which was, after a full hearing of the Caufe It the Lord's Bar, that moll honourable Houfe, who have done fuch great Things for the Liberties of England^ voted IB Addrefs to the Queen in Behalf of the Province of Carolina : But the Reader cannot be better fatisfied than to liiive it in their Words, by which the State of the Cafe will loebeftfeen. " The Houfe having fully auJ maturely weighed the Na-7'AW;«w*/* j<' ture of thefetwo A6ts, found themfelves obliged in Duty^^''J[f^f |k" to your Majefty, and in Juftice to your Subjedls in Carolina ^Honourable Y (who, by the exprefs Words of the Charter of your royal'*' f-"'"^' y Uncle King Charles II. granted to the Proprietors, are de- f^'J^lZlun " clared to be the Liege People of the Crown of England, Partiavieut I" and to have Right to all the Liberties, Franchifes and yn-"^':»>^'^\, vileges of Englijhmeny as if they were born within this ,2^ 1^05? I" Kingdom : And who by the Words of the fame Charter, " are to be fubjed to no Laws but fuch as are confonant to " Reafon, and as near as may be to the Laws and Cuiloms |«» of England) to come to the following Refolutions : " Firji^ That it is the Opinion of this Houfe, that the Ad I" of the Aflembly of Carolina lately pafled there, and fince Y figned and fealed by John Lord Granville Palatine, for " himfelf, and for the Lord Carteret, and the Lord Craven^ " and Sir John Colliton^ four of the Proprietors of that " Province, in Order to the ratifying it, entitled, yfn A5i for " ihe ^ablijhing religious IVorJhip in this Province, according Y to //{'^Church of England, and for the ereSiing of Churches ' "y^r thepublick Worjhip of God, and alfofor the Maintenance ' of Mini/ierSi and building convenient Houfes for them ; fo |"»r forth as the fame relates to the eftabliOiing a Com- " miflion for the difplacing the Redors or Minifters of the " Churches there, is not warranted by the Charter granted I " to the Proprietors of that Colony, as being not confonant " to Reafon, repugnant to the Laws of this Realm, and de- ? ftrudive to the Conftitution of the Church of England. i- !i !ll1 Wi C-n; 114. i< Secondly^ ♦ 488 ne Itiftory of Carolina. *' Secondly, That it is the Opinion of this Houfe, Thaa " the Act of the Aflcmbly of Carolina, e»?titlcd, Jn Aa M *' the more effe£lual Prefervation of the Gviurnment of thil ** Province, by requiring all Perjons ihat jhall hereof ttr hi ** choftn Members of the Commons Houfe of Ajfembfy and fit iti^ ** the fame, to take the Oaths aud fubfcribe the Declaration apJi *' pointed by this Ail, and to conform to the religious IVorJhit " in this Province^ according to the Rites and Vfage of tht " faid Church lately pafled there, and figncd and fealed by " John Lord Granville Palatine, for hioifclf and the Lordl Craven, and alfo for the Lord Carteret, and by Sir John Colliton, four of rhe Proprietors of that Province, in Or- der to the ratifying of it, is founded upon Falfity in Ma :ef ** of Faft, is repugnant to the Laws of England, contrar " to the Charter granted to the Proprietors of that Colony,] ** is an Encouragement to Atheifm and Irreligion, deftrudtive *' to Trade, and tends ro the depopulating and ruining thcl " faid Province :" '"•^a s, This Matter being re- ferred to the Lords of Commitrcc of Trade, rhsy examined into it; and finding a!) the Fadl charged upon the Promoters of thefc Bills- true, reprcfcntcd to her JVIajerty the 24th of! //<-/;' 1706^, That the n->akins» fucli Laws is an Abufe of the Power granted ro the Proprietors by their Charter, and will be a Forfeiture of fiich Power. They farther humbly offered to her M.ijeRy, Thst fhe would be ''leafed ro give Diredions for reaflijming the fame into her Majefty's Hands by Scire Fa- rias, in her Mijedy's Court of .^nmi's-Bfnch. Which Re- prefenration wasfigned by rhe Right Honourable the Lord Dartmouth, the Honourable Robert Cecil, Efqj Sir Phlhp Mearkivs, IVilUam Blathwayte, Efqj Matthew Prior, Efq; and John PolUxfctt, Efqj On ■^.. The Hiflory of Carolina. On the loth of June her Majefty was pleafed to approve the faid Repreientation, and accordingly having declared jicLaws mentioned therein to be NU LL and V OI D did lOrder, That for the more eflfeftual Proceeding againft the Charter by Way of ^o Warranto^ Mr. Attorney, and |]^r. Soilicitor General do inform themfelves fully concerning Ifhatmay be moft neceffary for eflFey Kichurd Worley, called the New-York Revengi-, and alfo '.tiook a Ship called the Eagle, which had been before taken by the iud Pirates, of which Pirates near 4.0 were executed. Yet from the Year 171 7 to 1721, wc have an Account of between 30 and 40 VelTels that had been taken on that Coaft. And In the Y-ar 1722, the Chiefs of four Indian Nations came to Charles-Tffwn, to fettle the Terms of Peace between them and the Englijh^ who had fufFered much by the Irruptions of the Savages. Thefe Chiefs were honourably received hy the Militia upon their Arrival, faluted by the Guns from the Fort and by ihofe of all the Ships in the Harbour. They were afterwards carried into the Forr, where they owned his Excellency as chief Governor ok that Province j whereupon they were clothed with Apparel prefented to them on the Part of the Briujh Crown. Prefident Middleton was the next in Government about the Middifton. Year 1730, at which Time we find this Speech to the Ani'm. *730' bly. " I cannot think but you mul> be thoroughly convinced of the Nccelfity there is for granting immediafc Supplies for the paying the Arrears due to the Garrifons, the Rangers, Scouts and Lookouts: You will do well to con- fider the miferablc Circumftances of thofe poor People ** who have now three Years due to them. " I would fain know, wherein confifts the Prudence and Policy of deferring the Payment of publick Debts Year after Year, till the Burthen becomes heavy and the Coun- try becomes Bankrupt. " I need not tell you, the Indians are no longer our Friends than you keep them in Fear, and who will credit the Pub- lick in Time of Danger, when they will pay nothing of what they owe in Time of Tranquillity ? " Before I conclude, I muft put you in Mind, Gentlemen^ of humb'y addreffing his Majefty with Thanks, for pur- chaiing the Soil and taking us under his immediate Pro- tection , IsV " About this Time Advice came Home from Carolina, that the whole Inhabitants of that Province 'were in great Dan- ger of being murdered by their Negro Slaves, who had en- tered into a Coiifpiracy for maflacreing all the White People of Prefident t4 (( cc <( 4( (( t( (( cc cc (i iJcgro Plot- The Hiftory of Carolina. 4^9 of the Province at once ^ but' they happily differed about the Manner of executing this bloody IJeiign. Some of them pro- pofed that the Negroes of every Plantation (hould, upon a cer- tain Night, and a certain Hour of the Night, deftroy every one their own Mailers, and if they had purfued this Delign they had probably fuccecded j but others of them, being jealous of cho Rcfolution of their Comrades, were againft trulling the Ex- ecution of it to the Negroes of every Plantation lingly and by themfelves, and therefore propofed to meet under fomc Pretence in a Body, and ftrike the Blow at once by Surprize. This Projcd was generally approved of and the Time come for executing it, and a great Body of them met at the Back of the Town under a Pretence of a Dancing-Bout, and only waited for the coming in of the Country Negroes. But the Plot was difcovcred before many ot them were got together, and the chief Men amongft rhem had picked out fome of the principal Planters Wivci> for themfelves, and particularly Governor Johnfon\ Lady was dcitined to be the Wife of cue of them ; but the Villains did not intend that thefe En- 0) Wives of theirs fliould long efcape the Maflacrc. There was at this Time near 28,000 Negroes in this Province, of which 10,000 might be able to bear Arms, and of the white Men there was not above a third of that Number. I have touched very little on Law Matters in my Hiftory, 7v,-,,/ij the Subjedt being equally difagreeable and perplexed, and I/""*'. there being Books written oq Purpofe as well with Refpedi to the Plantations as to England^ but the Manner of impa- nelling Juries in this Province is fo much preferable to that of England and all other Colonies, that it is worth remarking. Juries here are not returned by ShtrifFs, but the Names of all the beft qualified Perfons arc put together into a Ballot Box^ which being well Ihaken, a Child draws out 48 Names of which a Lift is taken, and the(e 48 Names put into another Ballot Box or a Partition of the fame, and another Child draws out 1 2 Names which a^e the Jury if no Exceptions are made to any of them, ir there are, the Child draws other Mamcs till the Jury is full. How preferable is this Pradtice to that of leaving the Pannel to the Management of Under Sheriffs, who are commonly Country Attorneys, withwhofe Integrity and Ingenuity the World is well acquainted. This valuable Privilege of getting Juries by Balht was taken frocn them by the Palatine about 20 Years ago, probably a Palatine in the fame Way of thinking with him who pafted the Seclufion Bill before fpoken of. The People of Carolina alarmed at this flagrant Ad of Injuftice, fent a Deputation to England to folicice the Palacioe and Proprietaries to reftore their .'I, I 1 t • 494 I m 7^e Hiftory ^Carolina. their former Privilege of Jury by Ballot yirmiah Dum* mer^ Efq; the New-England Agent, joined with thefe De- puties in reprefenting to the Proprietaries the Enormity of! { fuch daring Violation or the Fundamental Con/lttutionsznd the Rights of this Province, which had fo good an Effi^d, diat ' the Ballot was continued, and Juries are impannel'd by it to this Day. About the fame Time, a new Indian War broke out in Carolina. It was apprehended in England that the Com. plaint of the Indians of fraudulent and forceable Dealings in Trade by the Englijh was not without fbme Ground for ir. Be that as it will, the Indians fell upon theOut-Scttlemcntsin Carolina J and cut off many Etiglifl)^ who were unprovided for Defence. The Carolinians had Supplies of Arms and Ammu. nition from New-England^ before any could be brought them from Old England ; but the ill Condition they were in to repel the Savages, who were fet on by the Spaniards^ as the Northern Indians were by the French againft the Englijh^ was a Pretence not only to refume the Charter of this Colony, but the Charters of all the Britijh Colonies in America^ that the Defence of them might, with the Government, be given up to the Crown. Indeed the Carolinians, according to Mr Dummer, brought this Peril upon themfelves, and our other Charter Governments in America^ by their addref- fmg the Crown to take th^m under its Protection. He writes : '* The diflblving th*: Charters was with a fpecial " View to Carolina, which was reduced to Extremity by a ; " War with ihe Spanijh Indians about the Year 1718^ and '* being neither able to defend themfelves, nor obtain Sue- ** cours from their Lords Proprietors, addrefs'd the Crown, *' ^t-. as before.** Proprietors, whofe chief if not only View is to make the moft of their Propriety, will, no doubt, always rather abandon their Territory, than be at the Sxpcnce of War to defend it, which perhaps they may not be able to fupport ; but in a free Government,like that of New-England, where the Property is in the People, they will always be willing and able to defend it, in Proportion to their Number and their Circumftances. The Cnroliniansy in the Progrefs of the In- dian War, had much better Fortune, according to the Re- lation of it in the Letter written by one of them. The Weaknefs as well as Injufticc of this Scheme is ad- mirably well fet forth by Mr. Dummefy in his Defence of the New-England Charter, addrefs'd to the Lord Carteret^ one of the Lords Proprietaries of Carolina^ when his Xord- fliip was Principal Secretary of State ; but according to the Carolina Writer, the Inhabitants of this Province were, iir the ne Hiflory o/" Carolina. the Progrefs of this War, fo far from being likely to lofe ic for want of Defence, that they drove both Indians and Spaniards out of Florida. The Reader muft have this good Kews in his own Words : ** Since the B^inning of this War we have exerted our-. " fclves very much in the Defence of the Colony. Be- " fides the new Fortification at Charles Town, we have " been at great Expences in providing necelTary Supplies of " Arms and Ammunition. " We have alfo undertaken feveral foreign Expeditions, " one againft St. Augujiine, a Town and Garrifon of the " Spaniards^ on the Coaft of Florida^ in the Latitude of " 29 Degrcees ; and others againft the Spaniards and In- " dians of j^palachia'* That Part of this Continent of ^orth America fo call'd, that lies along at the Foot of the Mountains^ from the Coaft of the Bay of Mexico^ be- yond the utmoft Northern Bounds of Virginia ; and at the Back of rhefe Mountains, flows the great River Mijftjftppt through Countries as ill inhabited, as was the Britijh Pro- vince of this Continent by the Indians^ when Adventurers came firft from England to fettle there. La Sale's Travels through that Wildernefs, from the Bay of Mexico to Canada^ prove what is here aflerted, for the Ufe of fuch as are cu- rious concerning French Attempts to make themfelves Mafters of the Trade and Navigation of that vaft River Matter for their Speculation. The Carolina Writer proceeds : " I Hiall not trouble you with a long Account of thefe " Enterprizes, / wifh he had given us a particular one^ tho* '' everfo jhort \ but only tell you, our Forces intirely broke " and ruined the Strength of the Spaniards in Florida^ de- *' ftrtiying the whole Country, burnt the Towns, brought " all the Indians, who were not kill'd or made Slaves, into '* our own Territories j (o that there remains not now fo " much as one Village with ten Houles in it in all Florida " that is fubjed to the Spaniards j nor have they any Houfes " or Catrie left, but fuch as they can proted by the Guns " of St. AugujHnc^ that alone being now in their Hands, " and which is continually infefted by the Incurfions of the *' Indians fubjed to this Province. ** Thefe Expeditions have added very much toourStrengthj " firft, by rediicing the Spanijh Power in Florida fo low, that they are altogether incapable of ever hurting usj then ** by training our Indian Subjects m the Ufe of Arms, " which would be of great Uie to us in cafe of an Inva- '* fion from an Enemy ; and what is yet more confiderablc, *' bjt drawing over to our Side, or deftroying all the /«- ^ '^ dians 495 (( m '•\ 'M I ' >: ' % 'i !i :\^n I 1-^ h 496 ^e Hiftory of Carolina., *' Indians within 700 Miles of Charki-Town" Now it ij well known that even the Miffiffippi Indians are nearer than that from the fame Town. Probably he means the Indians only between the Apallachean Hills and the Britijh Planta- tions J and I doubt his Hiftory in that too wants Confirma- tion j for if it was as he fays, there could be no more In- dian Wars to annoy the Englijh in our Continent Colonies from Georgia to New-Englvid. Our Author adds : *' This " makes it impradticable for any European Nation to fettle ** on that Coaft, otherwife than as Subjeds to the Crown of •' Great Britain^ becaufe we are capable of giving them *^ fuch continual Moleftation, by the Invafions of our Sa- *' vages, that they could ncrt eafily fubfift, or venture to *' make any Improvement. If Truth is not wanting to this Account written on the Spot, the new Settlers in Georgia^ as well as the old ones in Carolina^ may encourage and delight themfelves with a Profpe(ft of Security, as well as Profir, the main Induce- ment to Europeans to remove thither and fettle. Since I made feveral Reflcdions on the French Settle- ments at the Mouth of the MiJJiffippiy to lefTen the Affright which feme Colony Writers endeavour to throw the Eng- lijh into on that Account, 1 have met with this Confirmation of my own Opinion by that of Mr. John Peter Purry of Neufchajiel, now Col. Purry of Carolina^ fome time Diredor General in the Service of the India Company in France^ contained in a Memorial he prefented to his Grace the Duke ThcM\M- of A/l?wf <7/?/^, Secretai y of State, in the Year 1 724. " 'Tis i»'c!lI"to " "^°^ certain, fays Col. Purry^ Canada is one of the thl'c"'»nyas ** mcancft Countrics In a\\ Jmerica . The Englijh were (eiikd rt^refented. <« in Carolina no fooner than the Year i66^, and before that '* time, upon their advancing as far as f^irginia, they were " foon fenfible that the Country was exceeding fruitful." The Author then blaming the Negligence of the Europeansy in improving that Fruitfulnefs as much as they might do, proceeds : *' It is true the French are in Poffeflion of the " Mouth of the Mijfijfippi -^ but not toinfift on theexceed- *' ing Badnefs of the Soil towards that Mouth for 2 or 300 Miles, fliould they pretend to hinder the Englijl) from falling down that River, and fo enter the Gulph o( Mexico, the Englijhy when they are well fettled on that River, might, in their Turn, by Right of firft Seizure, hinder them from getting up higher. Befides, it would be as ** ridiculous for the French to imagine, upon I know not what chimerical Prctenfions, that all thcCouncry on the Mif- ftjfippi I cc (( <( it Aiexan- le)(ander*s'jo\xmz\ does not fufficiently explain what he mean? der Com- by l\iQ Lower Creek-, whether the Nations of South ^^orida^'PJ^jf/^ith which is moft likely, or the Indians on the Borders of the »r/indiaiw. River Jpalacha, which falls into the Gulph of Mexico, But the Author intimates, mat Sir Alexander's Journey prevented a new War. He went diredtly to the Houfe where the head Men of the Nation were affembled, in the midfl: of 200 others ; and the head Men, to fliew their Obedience, kneeled down at his Approach. Sir Alexander here caufed Exprefles to be di/patch'd through the whole Country, fjr the Chiefs to meet him at Nequejfee the 3d of April, The 27th of March he came to Pajfetchee j there had happen*d, the Night before, the moft terrible Thunder Storm the Savages had ever known ; and their chief Conjurer or Prieft complimented the Knight with a Pro- phecy, Thjt he knew he was come among them to have the Rule over ihem. The 29th he arrived at Great Felliquo^ in the upper Settlements, 200 Miles up from Keeahwee.. Thus it appears he was 500 Miles from Charles Town^ whictf if direftly on the Back of the Coaft of Carolina, muft not be far from the MiJfiJJippiansy as I call all the Nations bor- dering on that River, who are diftinguifh'd by 100 different Names, fpell'd and pronounced differently by thofe that treat of them, as are alfo the Names of the Savage Nations we have been juft fpeaking of. At Telliq?to^ Sir Alexander was waited upon by Moyty, the chief Warrior or Captain-General, who told him, that two Years before the Nations defign'd to have made himfelf Head over all ; but now he f'aid it fliouid be as Sir Alexander pleafed. Here the chief PrieR, or Con- jurer declared the fame, and they jointly offer'd to make him aPrefent of their Crown. The 30th he arrived at TannoJJie, 16 Miles only from Fdliquo. The King of thofe Savages declared his Obedience to the Crown of Great Britain on his Knees. From hence Sir Alexander returned to Ne- fiajfie^ where the Kings, Princes, Warriors, Priefts and Be- loved Men were all met, according to his Appointment; I with great Solemnity Sir /// place J in a Chair by Moyifs Orders, Moyty and the Prielis Itanding about him, While the Warriors ftrok'd him with 13 Eagles Tails, and their Singers fung from Morning till Night, as the Cuftom is on folemn Occafions. They fafted the whole Day, and af- kCr the Solemnity of ftroking was over. Sir Alexander made a K k 2 Speech n vi.i, '>i po T'be Hifiory of C&roWn^. Speech to them, rcprefenting the great Power and Goodnefs of his Majefty King George^ whom he call'd the GrtatM^ on the other Side of the Great Water : That himfelfsnd all ■ his SubjeSls were to him as Children, and they all would do whatever the great King ordered thenii He required Moyt^ T'e Indiani j^jj ^\\ j^g Warriors to acknowledge themfelves dutiful Suh- ■^^^Gewrge, jc^s and Sons to King George, and to do whatever Sir j^ltx- ander fhould diredk. This they promifed to do, and on their Knees invocated every thing that was terrible to them to de- ftroy them, and that they may become no People, if they violated their Promife and Obedience to the Britijb Crown j to fecure which. Sir Alexander appointed Moyty Chief of the Nation, and the whole Aflcmbly joyfully agreed to it. The next Day, April 4th, their Crown was brought from Great Jannajie ; it confided of five Eagles Tails, and four Scalps of their Enemies. Moyty prefented this to Sir Alexander^ with a Requefl: that he would be pleafed to lay the Diadem of the Cherokees at his Majefty's Feet. The Priefts affured Sir Alexander they would, when he was gone from them, pundtually obferve the Agreement they had made, and obey the Orders of Moyty purfuant thereto, as if they were his own. Sir Alexander had determined to return to England by the Fox Man of War, which v/as to fail from Charles- Town the 20th oi April; fo he had but 1 5 Days to travel above 400 Miles, and then embark. Moyty would have at- tended him not only to Charles-Town, but to England, had not his Wife lain dangcroufly ill, fo he defired the Knigbr to take with him whom he pleafed of the principal Men of the Cherokees to bear Teftimony to the Truth of this CompaiSt and Submiffion. Accordingly he rook the head Warrior of the Tapetchees, a Man of great Power and Intereft, who had a Right to be a King, and feveral others of like Rank and Authority. Sir Alexander returned to Charles-Town the 13th of Abril^ leaving the Indicns that were to attend him with Mr. Hunter, who reach'd Mr. Kinlcch with them twenty three Miles from Charles-Town, where they met with a chief Warrior, a Friend of theirs, who was juft come from the Katarba Nation, ind defired to go along v.'ith his Coun- trymen, to which the reft confented. Sir AUxandtr, with five oi fix c» thefe chief Warriors, enb'^rk'd aboard the Fox, which faii'd from Charles-Town the 4th of May^ \ and arrived at Dover the 5 th of June, a very iflhort F *iiage, where Sir Alexander took Poft, and arrived at Lonaon rhat i Night. Thus he was 4 or 500 Miles from Carolina the! 5 th of Aprils and at London the 5 th of June, He brought with him the Crown of the C/;rr(;i^^j, and let the Suictarvi T*he Hijlory of Carolina. 501 of Stittt? immediately know he had Power to lay it at his Ma- jcfty's Feet, and had brought with him kyen of the chief Indian Warri'ors or Generals, to witnefs to the Truth of the Submiflion of their People to his Majefty. Sir Alexander vws ofdct*d to bring thofe Warriors to an Inflallation^ where they were ftruck with Amaxement at the Magnificence and Splertdor of the Court. They compared the King and Queen to the Sun^ the Princefles to the Stars, and themfelves to niching. The aid of June Sir Alexander was introduced to bis MajeHy, tind upon his Knees declared the full Power he had received to prefent his Majefly with the Crown of the Cherokees, which the chief Warriors, being al(b on their Ktlecs, Iblemnly attefted and confirmed. His Majefty having gracioufly accepted the Crown and the Scalps before-mentioned, directed that the Warriors ftiould be nobly entertained and diverted, which was done accord- ingly j and when, with equal Pleafure and Surprize, they bad part a few Days in London, they fet out for Port/mouth, where being arrived, they embark'd aboard the fame Ship tbq' came in, the Fox, which carried them back to Ca- rolina, from whence they returned to their Nation. What Influence this Journey and Tranfadion of Sir Alex.inder C mng*s had on the friendly Difpofition of the Cherokees, and other Indian Nations, and how far the Report of their chief Warriors, of their Reception in England, and the Numbers, Riches and Strength of the Englijh might con- tribute to the Treaty of Commerce, that was not long after concluded, between the Government of Carolina and thofe Savages, I can rather conjcdure than relate. The Proprietors of this Province having furrender'd their Charter to the Crown, and his Majefty having appointed Robert John/on, Efqj to be Governor of Carolina, he ar- Robert rived there in 1731, and made a handfora Speech to the J.;.'^"^"^'\^ Alfcmbly, in which, amor,, other things, he faid: „.r!* ** The King our Royal Mafter ua':\^\'^ been pleafed to " appoint me his Governor of this his Province, 1 took " the firft Oppoi canity to repair Mther, where, on my Ar- " rival, finding an Affembly newly eleded, which had never fet '* to dr. any Bufinefs, conlidering how (hort a *:me there ".'ill *' be tor a Sellion, before the Seafon of the Year will make " you defire to be at your fevcral Plantations, I chofe ra- '' ther to meet you now, than to wait for a new Election. '* His Majefty out oi his, great Goodnefs and fatherly " Care of you, »nd at the earneft Requeft and Solicitation " ot yourfelves, has been gracioully pleafed, at a great Ex- " pence, to purchafc Sevcn-Eighrhs of the late Lords Pro- Kk 3 *' {rieors ;.v ill ^tmA 502 li'^^i ' Gevc-tV I-^'Im?! ' Jf)hiil"on'j ll j^f I Interview pSsf' '<■ tfith the in ll^uLs dians. (C (( cc Ci 73a-3' ThRMf'tory of <^rmnk.? ibtt he Wia heartily forry for the fjoft of their Friend, and advifed them to demand Saiisfadion of the Chndtus in an amicable Way, ^wh^ch might happily prevent a Rupttire, and that what he had farther to fay OxM l>c feit in Writing to the head Mcniof theif Nation, .-mus/viti uui >' ejujIjA j.i; A very remarkable Event happened in Mr. ybbk/oe^ Go. vernmcnt, by the Addition of o new Province on the South Borders of Carolina. This Province is called Georgia^ and s foon as he had Information that fuch a Defign wat formed i,i England^ ind he was deiired by the Truftees to affift in pro- mpting ii, he publiOied the foHowing Advertifetncnt in the Carolina Gazette^ January 13, 173!. '' Whereas I have *•: received a Power hrora the Truftees for cftablifhing the •< Colony of Georgia., to take fuch Contributions, as any " of his Majefty's Subjeds of this Province (hail volun- « tarijy contribute towards fo good and charitable a Work ** a» the relieving the poor and infolvent L itors, and ". ^eftablifliing and relieving any peor Protcfta i of what *' Nation foever as ihall be willing to fettle in tne faid Co- '^ lony, and whereas the faid intended Settlement will in all ** human Appearance be a great fVrengthning and Security to '* this Province, as well as a charitable and pious Work j I " have therefore thought fit to publifh and make known to all fuch Perfons who are willing to promote ib good a Work, that I have ordered and direil^ed Mr. Je/fiiBadtH' hop to receive all fuch Subfcriptions, &c.'* .//..i :i .> \i ! Governor Johnfon fays in a Letter, that Mr. Oituhrp anived almoft as foon as he heard of his coming, and he publiflied this Order two or three Days before his Arrival at Chiirj'hTown^ where he received that Genrlenwn with great Ci'/ilhf , and all his People with much Chearfulnefs and Fkdlue^ as did all the Inhabitants of that Capital, where they i\rpti Imt a very fhort T.me, but proceeded to the Place of iheir intended Settlement. Three Days after their Departure the general AflTcmbly met, and the Governor moved them to affift this generous Undertaking, and they came to a Refolution, that Mr. O^t- thorpe/heuld be furnijhed at the public k Expence with 104 Head of breeding Cattle, 25 Hogs and 20 Barrels of good Ricty that befides ko^W Craft to convey them, the Scout- Bouts and Capt. Mac Pherfon tuith 10 of the Rangers, who are Horfemen always kepi in Pay to difcover the Motions of the Indians, jhotdd attend Mr. Oglethorpe, andoh'y his Com- mand in Order to prote^ the new Settlers from any Jrifults^ which the Governor fays he thought there was Danger of, and he gave the neteflary Inftructions to the Garrifons and the Indium it. (C cc s^s >7S3. I7)e Hi0ffry of Carolina. I Wwnf «n Fricndnup with the CanlinianSy to befriend and I jiiift them. Mr. Jobnfrm alfo defired Col. Bull^ who was afterwards Governoi',' and a Gentleman of great Probity and Experience I in the Affairs of this Province, the Nature of Land and the Method of fettling, and who is well acquainted with the j^nner ^ icitor Ge- neral in England had declared them to be vuid. Mr. Job Rothmahler and Dr. Thomas Cooper^ having been accufed of fome illegal Pradices in this Matter, a Petition was prefcntcd 10 the Adembly in their Juftification, figned by 59 Perfbns Inhabitants of Granville County. The Aflembly having examined into this Affair made the following Order, That John Brmvn Gent. Melicnger, do forthwith take into Cullody Job Rcthmahler and Thomas Cooper, Efq; for aid- ing, allifting and luptrin tending the Deputy Surveyors in run- ning out ot Patent Lands already furveyed, contrary to the Quit-Rent Ad, if'f. Upon this Dr. Coopfr being taken into Cuftody, he ap- plied to the Chiei' Juitice for his Writ of Habeas Corpus, which the Chief Jullice granted, and the fame was accord- ingly ferved on the faid John Brown, but he refufed to yield Obedience thereto, upon which enfued fo great Broils rnd Difturbances, that the Aflembly found themfclves obliged to endeavour to put an End to them by an Adl on Purpofe. We muft here obferve, that Col. Peter Purry the Swifs, had procured a great Number of his Countrymen to come and fetdc in this Province, where Lands were laid out for their fettling and a Town built called from him Purrysburg, i-.rryjburg. but there feems to have been fome Mifmanagement in that new Plantation, by the following Proclamation of Governor "Joimfon, " Whereas I have received Information from Col. ' ^' Piter 1755- I. ill ^. ^. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) '^O // .^J^ 1.0 I.I 1^ y^ 1^ |2|^ 2.2 2.0 J£ 1.25 1.4 |||||i^ ^ 6" ► Hiotographic Sciences Corporation 33 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. MSSO (716) •72-4503 (Bit;. n ought to aflift *^ them; but it looks a little odd, chat while our Governors '^ are mofl; of them reaping their annual Thoufands, their refpedive Governments fhould remain without the neceC- fary Fortifications for Scores ot Years.*' Thomas cc cc fC C( What Vbffait Wi»ve fiid of the Agreement of Narth and 5tf«/i&-North-Caro- ICtfirf/fW in tvery Article we treat of, muft be our Excufe for *'°** liioi'eni^gh^upon It ih this as well ss our former Impre0ion. Iltfti'&aifate Gbvernn^^ wehaVe theNamesof fe- LeM^p^ Its Governors (ince that Impreifion, as Ca^. H^dfy, m'kle^'d Enjerardy CJa^t. Bufrington-y but our Information 1 yjeeh h iliorr, and theSubjed (b barren, that we can add liioinbrfetoit/but what We borrow from the Rev. Mr. Hugh hiiies Chaplain td the Affembly of Virginia. " As for North- l<( tarilinait i&vaftly inferior. Its Trade is ijnallerand its In-., |« iiabltaiits thinner and for the moil Pact poprer than Vit- pmoy neither is their Govenunent extraordinary though ' diey have fpme good Laws, and there is (bme good living piii tl4s,bu|ie^ Country, in which is Plenty of good Pror !!ll a; <* As ^r theChkiU'ches they are but very few, and iays Mr. I" JoriBs, I knew of biit one Minifler in the whole Go- Y vemment, and he had no great Faculty of inHuencing the Y Pbbpleand islateljr removed thence, and^it Account ^ tht Y Deficiency of fucb Mimjlers the Revehnd j4uthor complains^ I" thatioudh Reli^on cannot be expedited among aColledion " of iii6h People as Hy thither from other Places for Safety and " Livelibbtxl. ForWant of Clergy tbejuflices of Peace wwrry, r and others perform thdOfSct^ Burial ',lkc comm. H'7 -ill.: CHAP. ill' II wm sm Dejcnf. tf Oar. f. 6. Cp)3tgunmg a geographic^ Pcfcrjptipn^ti'Cif^i?^, a- a^(o,aii AcGPuniU of the Qimftte, . Soil^ -^iPiioduial •icS^ade, firft InhabitaiitSy ^ciUuii^ ji »o aabiii jiiod n| ^'TplS> very wcUknown^ that tJi* Provindlof '€i»«^/Whjj*j 1 1| I been ft'long Titne divided into two fepstate' Qttvqrti mentSythe one called iyr<>r/^Car«//ntf and the odMr^^fu/J CaroltM ; but the latter being the more poptilous^ goes gci.] nerally under the Denotnination of Carclina, and^as iuoh we| liave treated of it in the foregoing Pages. The Pro{)riecarie$ of Nfirth Carolina are the Proprietaries of Sotkh^Ca^alhia I though the Governors ace difierent, in other Things they ir^l exa^ly the fame. And we (hail put them tog^sr in thej gjBOgraphical Defcription, as alio in our Acosuiye of the Cli. mate;. Soil, Produdj'OTrade, firft Inhabitants^ tifr. CaroIinayOS has been faid, contains all theCoaft ofATi^^^i^l jfmerice, between 31 and 36 Degrees of Northem Latitude. I Its Breadth is not to be computed, King C/^ffr/^j it having granted the Proprietors all the Land Weftward iH a dir^j hU^'^-) from the above-mentioned Degrees to the Sout4i Seas.l 'Tis isk Length three hundred Miles, its Situation is moft convenient for Trade, the Goaiik pteafant and (afe, not| Aormy or frozen in the Winter.oj won r mti .■> ^ 1 .. j. As to the Climate, Mr. jfr^/^/Zei^ iays of ic> Carolina u\ tbi Northern Part of Florida, viz. from 29 Degren 'to 35r, and it indeed the very Center of the habitable PaN of ihi\ Northern Hemifphere j for taking it to be habitable from tht\ Equino£tial to 64 Degrees^ the Center of Carolina //« in about \ '^2^ which is about the Middle of 64, lying ^ Vel with the] Land of Canaan, and may be called the temp ».e Zone com- parativefyy as not being pejiered with the violent litats of the mere Southern Colonies , or the Extre.Jiojvnd violent Colds of \ the more Northern Settlements. Iti Produ£iion anfwers the Title of Florida, ^qula Regie eft Fiorida. Carolina North and South is divided into fix Counties, of which two are in North Carolina^ Albemarle and Clarendon \ and four in South^ ' Craven^ Berkley ^ Callitonj ind Carteret Counties. The firft is Albemarle County to. the North, bordering on Virginia. 'Tis watered by Albemarle River, and in this Part of the Country lies the Ifland Roanoke^ where Philip Amidas and Arthur Btirlow, whom Sir fVaiter Rawleigh fcnt to Fir- ginia^ ^nta, landed. This County may be faid to belong to Fir^ nioy as New^ England, (^c. did, which juftifiea King %arles''s Grant. When C#Tfl/i»fl was^firft fettled, Albe- tie wds more planted than any of the other Counties, and nfifted , of near 300 Faniilifls. But the Plantations upoiv %RiVerWTi(nie<^i^eM/ dpbn it to much, t^t mdft of the '|intt^$>li«lre r4!!m6ved^^t(Hei>. This River is full of Creeks both Sides of it, which for' Breadth deferve the Name' of ivers, but they do not run far into the Country. At Sandy |>Qt9tiC; divides' itfrif into two Bitmdkaa, NdratokB xidi Ni>i$-^ valid ifttbe North Point Jives ftn /W/jk Nation call^ iiiautrmogtk N€\ttQjdIiemarU h PantegK River, bt^^- vefH^ch^in 'i» Cape Hattoras, mentioned in tbeUiftory of firginhiJi l^cxt to it is. Neufs River. . The Coranims an i*itv l^nHfttion,' inhabit the Country about Cape £00/f0»f. ^ < *^ Next to A^tmarlek Clarendon County, in which is the |&tnous> Promontary caUed Cape Z^ir, at the Mouth of marendmKivtXy caird alfo Cape Fear River. Here'>> Itbouts a Colony from Barbadas formerly fettled. The mtans in this Neighbourhood are reckoned the moft llnrbarous of any in the Province. The next River is named mterey River, or JVinyam,, about 25 Leagues diftant from Uiii^jf River: *Tis capable of receiving large Ships, but in- ferior to Port-Royal nor 'is yet inhabited. There's another pall River between this and Clarendon River called Wingon River, and a little Settlement honoured with the Name of ChqrleS'Towny but fo thinly inhabited that it is not worth taking Notice of, Wc come now to South Carolina^ which is parted I from North by Zante River. The adjacent Country is called Craven County, it is pretty well inhabited by Englijh and I frtnch^ of the latter there's a Settlement on Zamee River, and they were very inftrumental in the irregular Eledion of the Vnjieady AJfemhly, The next River to Zantee is Sewee I River, where fome Families from New-England fettled: And in the Year i7o(( the French landed there, they were vi- gorouQy oppofed by this little Colony, who beat ofF the In- vaders, having forced them to leave many of their Compa- nions dead behind them. This County fends 10 Members to the Affembly. We now enter Berkley County, pafling flill from North to South. The Northern Parts of this Shire are not planted, but the Southern are thick of Plantations, on Account of the two great Ri« vers Cooper and 4/^1^, On the North Coaft there's a little River called Bowal River, which with a Creek forms an liland, and off of the Coafts are feveral Ides, named the Hunting' IJkndi and Sillivanfs IHe. Between the latter and 4 Boual .til J* ■' hi )■■ ■ 1 ,j:„ ...I 11: 1 , 1 1 . '' I 5 ■■!■•!:!, t I:: >;i; ''i-'i • 1 1 a '1. It ^m f'n ;■'!■'] 't' 1 5^9 "BRhHipry. ^^^IQiibHhs. -•■I \ ■ Bmal River isa Hidge of Hillff ; ^'wHidf from chA Kahirtf < th^ Soil is daidd the Sand-Hilk^i l^lM^tWani$ WM the North-Weft Parts of this Countfi ahd luw fcteral i»(v PJantatfons upon it, as Coh DanitPs on the ^thSide ar Col. Dearsbj^s^ lower down oii the Nofth. It ftihs* imJ G6oper River near the. latter, and thar both unite thj Streams with A/bley River at CbarUi'Toutn. The late Aft fembly enacted, That a Church Aiould be built on the South] Eaft of JVaudo River, and another upon the Neck of Lan/ lying on the North- Weil q£ MCtado^ Ihic we do tipt fee thi this AA wasobeyed. •» '-nTs*':-;iu'oT«ir{i,n f'w: ■ vimv; r Charies-Toumj the Gipttal of this Province, it built on Neck of Land between AJhigy and Ctop^r Rivera, but lyjnij moft on Cooper River, having a Creek on the Noith Side ahi another on theSoudi. It lies in 9a Deg. 40 Min; N. Latl two Leagues foom the Sea. This is &e only ftte Port in thl Province, which is a great Difcouragefflent to k and a v^il Injury to Trade : *Tts fortified mere for Beauty than Sfr^gtHi It has fixBaftions and a Line all rooid k. Towards CnpJ River are B/a^f's Baftion, GranmUi Baftion, a half Mdofl and Craven Baftion. On the South Credc are the PaHftde and J^Jhley Baftion, on the North a Line; and htiag'Mk River zxeCoilitmBi&vm, J^mf»n*i eovered httlf Moonwitl a Draw-Bridge in the Line, and another in the hftlf Mooqj Cdr/^^/ Baftion is next to it. If all thefe Works are well made, and can be well manned, we fee no Reafcn why ^ ihould not defend as well as beautify the Town; fay^a late Writer of this Province, we have fortified C/{»«r^j-fiw;»witl ftrong and regular Works, and erefted another Fort uponi Point of Land at the Mouth of 4/hley River, which com. laands the Channel fo well, that Ships can't eafily pafs it. This Place is a MarketTown,and thither the whole Prbdil^lof the Province is brought for Sale. Neither is its Trade incon-^ fiderable, for it deals near 1000 Miles into the Continent:] However it is unhappy in a Bar, that admits no Ships above aooTuns. Its Situation is very inviting, and theCotmtry about it agreeable and fruitful : The Highways extremely de- lightful, efpecially that called Broad-%vay^ which for thrteor four Miles make a Road and Walk, fi pleajantfy green^ that\ Archd.p.g.fiys yix. Archdale^ I believe m Prince /» Europe by all h'u\ Art can make fo pleafant a Sight for the whole Tear. There are feveral fair Streets in the Town, and fome very handfotn Buildings; as Mr. Landgrave Smith*» Houle on the Key, with a Draw-Bridge and Wharf before it; Col. Rhetfi on| the Key, alfo Mr. Boone\ Mr. Loggan\ Mr. Schinkififi\ and 10 or 12 more, which defer vc to be taken Notice of. 4 \M. |9fc ppblidf. Sdificiei^ the Church is moft nmarksble ^ tis large aA4>A>tely enough; but the Number of the Pcofelibrs ^ the 4niUame WorSup^ kicreafing daily, the Auditory be- m CO vi¥^% Roon^ and anocher Church. T bis is dedicated ]a'St,JPkiiipy and by the\ Adr, which appointed the Hi^jh ^(nopill^n Court, 'twaa enadkod. That Charlc9-Town, anJ pNiak ha^een Cooper on^Afliiey River, as far up a4 thi flantaiim «f John Bird, Gent, on Cooper River, inclufivty jL ani/rtm .hetfcefcrth JhaUfar ever be a di/iin£i Parijh, b^ JltNomfief Su Philtpf J in Charles-Town: And the Church lod Ceemetcry then in this Town were enadt^d to be the Paridi p)uri:|9k«n4Churcb-yaxdbf St.PMx/i'sin CharUs^Town. Mr. William was the. fa& Church of England Miniiler in Caro* jitf $ ar^Pev^ of whom, fioce Mr. Marjlon has faid fo 9uch^ Wdi ihaU % no norc. One Mr. Warmd was fene over after hi0. The Reverend Mr. Samuel Mzr/iml vfSis the ifft eftabliih'd Minifter at Charles-Tnvn ; and his Succeiibr Vfl«.Mi, Bd^jard MaffiBn, the prefent Redor of St. Philip's-^ iB came over fevea Yean ago; Mr. Kendal, Minider of Bfffoudaff was inyitod to this> Colony; and Mr. Corbin, an AicqiEMiltaiice of Mr. Mthrftmii^ coming by chance, he got Jin feeni^ in this Province. ; The. Society i^M* propagating the Gofpel fent over one "J"'*^'* Vku'ihmett^ toconveit the jRawtin-Catholick /m/iW j A«* ^f^Trt" "J' ^did nvt obey his Miffion. On the contrary, *twas by hispr. scan- Influence on fome Men of Intereft here, that Mr. JK*»h River, where we lirft meet -with Mr.- Lifigrave fFeJi*^ Plantation on one Side, and Col» GihbfiWi the other. Mr. Baden's over- Uainft Col; Gc4friy\ Mr. Simmds's oppofite to Dr. Tre- \viliian%MdMr* Pi>idarvii's to Mr.^^s, Mr. Coiliton'a I to Mr. Mar/haP\ and others altpoft contiguOus^^'v • *-\:»r ' Thii Past of the Country belongs to the' Lord S*<^ \kry. On the South- Weft of -<(ft/fy River is the great 5a- \ma. One of the Churches intended to be ere«^ed in this {County, was co have been built on JJhley River. Dtrfh^thf U in this Shire^ bordering on Colliton County, iTisati^aUXown, containing about 350 Souls. There's a Meetkig^hottfe belonging to the Independenfts, the Pafto^ of whkh n ^l^tij^hn Lard. Next to it is Stono River, Uhich^dilPideB i^ri Afy from Colliton County, to which Wfi n^ now prdceedi obferving only, that Berkiey County I fends tta Members to the AfTembly. The fame does . "' ^' Cv/Z/fMr County, vfhida 8ton» River waters, and is joineci^ Ihf.'K Gut, aear Mr. Blat«^ Plantation, to tVadmoolaw Ri- ler. The North-Eaft Parts of this Divifion of the PrO- VHiee if AiU ^i Indian Settlements; and the Stonoy and other IRiversj fom»a^Ifland, call'd;i900ff^s Ifland, a little below ^i&dn/iM-TMc/ii,' which is well' planted and inhabited. The I two chief Rivers in this County are North-Edijiow and StittlhEd^MK M the' Mouth of the latter is Col. Paul QrimbtlP% PlaoCition \ and. lor two or three Miles up the River^^Hthc Plantations- are thick on both Sides ^ as they continue for three or four Miles higher on the North- ii^, and^ branching there^ the RiVer meets with the Norths Edi/lawd '11 (^ » ' •• jtTwo Miles higher 'nWiltttn^ by (bme callM New-London^ a little Towfi^ iconfiftui^ of about 80 Houfes. Landgrave Mtreton, Mt.Jiiaii, Mr. Boone, Landgrave Jxtel, and other confiderable Planters, have Settlements in this Neighbour- hood, which is Sir John Colliton*s Precindt. A Church was to have been built on the South-fide of the 5/0»tf, had that Projeft gone on, and the Ad taken eftdt. This County has 200 Freeholders, that vote in £- ' > ■ ' ' Li ^ • i ^ ledtion ! H I ,.y- ■ '! 1 ''I li I- 'I J! 1 '' i;vi]- .1- • '. it i'l;: ill;: !j liii^'i tl 5H ne Wftory of Cafolinai' le€bion for Parliament Men. Ther<*i an of thddot Church in this PrecinbcbeaiirtgTnees. i-*^ '* All ibrts Ml r Hi: >:■!: 1: r\)\ I 6.-1. "1 • J h ) U, C( C( <( •c 516 7bi Hiftory e/* Carolina. *' home; as is alfo Pitch,- Tar, Buck, Doe, Be4r-sktns andl Fursj though the Jaft not (o good as tbe.Nonhcro G). Ionics. ' • V-i;;K|t.il l^r ** It has already fuch Plenty of Provirions,that it,in a greatl Meafure, furniflies Barlados^ Jamaica^ &c. There arel « vaft Nuinbers of wild Ducks, Gcefe, Teal ; and the Seal ** and Rivers abound in Fidi. That which makes Provi-I •* fions fo cheap, is the Shortneft of the Winter j for hav J •* ing no need to mow for Winter Fodder, they can applyl ** their Hands in raifing other Commodities. I ** I'he Rivers are found to be more navigable than was! «* at firft believed i and 'twas then prudentlv contrived not! ** to fettle on the molt navigable, but on /fjhlty and CoopeA ** River; thofe Entrances are not (b bold as the others, fol ** that Enemies and Pirates have been didiearten'd in theirl Defigns to dillurb that Settlement. I *' The new Settlers have now great Advantages over the| firft Planters, Hnce they can be Aipply'd wiSi Stocks of Cattle and Corn at reafonable Rates. .h^ ,i I (hall conclude the Account of Carolina with an Extra^ of a Letter from thence, from a Perfon of Credit, in whofj Words I communicate it to the Publick: He fpeaks of the Southward. '^^ • *' The many Lakes we have up and down breed <* Multitude of Geefe, and other Water Fowl. All along ** Port' Royal River, and in all this Part of Carolina^ the *' Air is fb temperate, and the Sealbns of the Year fo regu< ** lar, that there's no Excefs of Heat or Cold, nor any trou^ ** blefom Variety of Weather; for thoueh there is ever Year a kind of Winter, yet it is both morter and milde than at 4/^ley or Cooptr River, and pafles over infenfiblyJ as if there was no Winter at all. This fweet Tempera] ture of Air caufes the Banks of the River to be cover'd with vark)us Kinds of lovely Trees, which being perl petually green, prefent a thoufand Landskips to the £yej fo fine, and fo diverfify'd, that the Sight is entirely *' charm'd with them. The Ground is very low in mol! Places near the River ; but rifes gradually at a Diftancel with little Hills adjoining to fruitful Plains, all cover*/ with Flowers, widliout (b much as a Tree to interrupt thj Profped. Beyond thefe are beautiful Vaies, clodied wid green Herbs, and a continual Verdure, caufed by refrefliing Rivulets that run tbrou£b them. There arei **^great many Thickets, which promice abundance of Sii *' files. The Indians make ufe of them for the Cure ^ their Difeafes. There arc alfo Sar^parilla, Caflia-tre Cl cc Silk is come to ■ great Improvement here. Tome Families I making 40 or 50 1, a Year, and their Plantation Work not neglecfted, their little Negro Children being fcrviceable in fieeding the Silk- worms. And we muft do Sir Nathanael yjohnfon the Juftice, to own he has been the principal Pro- Doter of this Improvement, as alfo of Vineyards. He makes yearly 3 or 400/. in Silk only. But *tis objedted, (ince the Climate is (b proper, Gnce Grapes, are fo plentiful, and the Wine they make io good, why there is no: more of it? Why do we not fee Tome To which I anfwer, That the Inhabitants either think I they can turn their Hands to a more profitable Culture, or impofe upon us in their Reports; for I would not think them fo weak, as to negled making good Wine, and enough {of it, if they couk), and thought it worth their while. They maiiufa£^ure their Silk with Wool, and make Drug- I gets. The French Proteftants have fet up a Linen Manu- ti^re : and good Romalls are made here. A French Dancing-Mafter fettling in Craven County^ taught the Indiam Country- Dances, to play on the Flute and Hautboy, and got a good Eftate; for it feems the Bar- barians encouraged him with the fame Extravagance, as we I do the Dancers, Singers and Fidlers his Countrymen. Though we have faid enough of the Virginian Indiansy I who are much the fame with the Carolinian ^ yet fmce ve find Mr. ArchdaU fpeaks of them in particular, let the Read- I er fee what he has faid of them. ,*' Providence was viiible in thining the Indians^ to make I •' Room for the Englijh. There were two potent Na- r tions, the WeJioeszxA Sarannas^ who broke out into aa " ufual Civil War before the £n^/i/^ arrived ; and from " many thoufands reduced themfelves to a fmall Number. " The moft cruel of them, the WeftotSy were driven out " of the Province ; and the Sarannas continued good Friends rand ufcful Neighbours to the Englijh. It plcafed God ^ alfo to &nd unufual Sicknefles aiuong them, as the Small- LI5 «Pox» S»7 !^i' if 'p'^ .1 V jiil ' II >;:■ it I i^;* ii 4} in!.;. ■lis-! 1 1 I r 5t» p. a. 3. P. 7. ■i i r < ce (C cc cc 7y&^ Hijiory ^CarolinaT- Pox, &e. The Ptmlico Indians^ in North Cdrpiina, wire I " lately fwepc away by aPcftflence; and tht Catt-attint by " War. The Natives are fomewbac tawny, qccafionedl ** chiefly by oiling their Skins, and by the naked Rays of j *' the Sun. They arc generally ftraighc body*d, comely ijjj " Perfon, quick of Apprehenfion, and great Hunters ; by " which they are not only very ferviceable, by killing Deer, to procure Skins for Trade with us j but thofe that live in Country Plantations procure of them the whole Deer's FleOi, and they will bring it many Miles for the Value of about 6d. and a wild Turkey of 40 Pounds for theVa- «Iueof2^. They have learnt, one of their worft Vices of the Eng-l lijky which is Drinking, and thatoccaHons Quarrels among them, one of which we have mentioned in the time of Mr. ArchdaUh Government. As to what he would excite us to their Converfion to Chriftianity, 'tis a Projed which, like a great many other very good ones, we may rather wiflithanj hope to fee eflfec^d. Mr. Thomas was fent to inftruA the Tammofees in the I Chriflian Religion, and had an Allowance of 50/. a Year from the before-mentioned Society, betides other Allowances: | But finding it an improper Scafon, his MiflSon isrefpited; the Reafon is, thofe Indians revolted to the Englijh from the! Spaniards, and not being willing to embrace Chriftianity, 'tis feared they would return to their dd Confederates, if any means were made ufe of to that Purpofe. ' n This Country is in a very flourifhing Condition, the Fa- milies are very large, infomeare lo or la Children, and the! Number of Souls, in all, is computed to be 12000. The Children are fee to Work at 8 Years old. Theordina^ Women take Care of Cows, Hogs, and other fmall Cattle, make Butter and Cheele, fpin Cotton and Flax, help to fow and reap Corn, wind Silk from the Worms, gather Fruit, and look after the Houfe. *Tis pity this People j ihould not be eafy in their Government j for all their Li< duftry, all the Advantages of the Climate, Soil, and Situa- tion for Trade, will be ufelei's to them, if they live under Oppreflfion j and Penfylvania will have no Occaiioh to com- plain that flie tempts away her Inhabitants ; bdng a new Beauty, a fairer, and confequently a poweriul Rival. ■;;■'■; y\ i. '^: I ,',v.-. h . \ «y. :■::: :n;; ■■ l- r, ■ . r A «.•* . .... 7 :. . •re I ' • CHAP. 7hf Hiftory g/* Carolina. ' !•'; : .1', 7' .1 .i' ^ CHAP. III. Fxtrad from' a fate Account of this Province, con- taining Obfervations not mentioned in the former FAiition, 5^9 mi W'"' ,N 'M /V5 i'.> ;:i/.., * ••♦ f \t CJROLINAhm general a plain chatnpain Country, hav- ing no confiderable Hills for the Space of looo Miles to- gether along the Goaft, within loo Miles of the Sea. There jrc, however, almoft every where Rifings, or gentle Afcents, from 5 Foot to 70 above the Level of the higheft Side. Be- hind thefe vaft Champain Countries lies a high Ridge of Mountains, which b^tnning in the Latitude of 34, 90 or 1 00 Miles to the Weftward of the Miffiffippiy run almoft parallel with the Sea Coaft, behind Flortda^ Carolina^ Vir- ginia and Maryland, They are varioufly Earned the Jpehhen, Appellachean and Appellaan Mountains ; from the Foot of which, to the Sea, is about 200 Miles. The Springs of moft of the great Rivers in the before-mentioned Provinces are in thefe Hills. This Province is capable of containing above fixty times the Number of its prefent Inhabitants. The Seafons of fowing Indian Com here, is from the I ft of March to the loth oljun^. An Acre produces from 18 to 30 Bufhels. The Seed-time of Rice is from the ift of April to the 20th of May. 'Tis fow*d in Furrows, about 18 Inches diftant ; a Peck ufually fows an Acre, which yields feldom lefs than 30 BuOiels, or more than 60; but between thefe two, as the Land is either better or worfe. It is reap'd in September to the 8 th of OSiober^ and the Produdt is now become fo lai^e, that it returns to Great Britain at leaft 80000 /. a Year, including Freight and Commiflion, which are the moft profitable Articles in the Britijh Com- merce. In a good Year it can export 80000 Barrels of 400 Weight, and upon a Medium of 7 Years, may make 50000 Barrels, difpofed of as follows, by a Calculation fix Years ago. To the South of Cape Finiflre To the North o/CafC Finiftre To Great Britain LI4 1 0000 Barrels. 38000 Barrels. 2000 50000 Barrels. This p. It ki-' I t; ! i, i W l! RoJtH* B ' '? 526 .r^e Hiftory 0/ Carolina. This Quantity of Rice will employ above loooo Ton of I Shipping, and may return to Great Britain about 80000/. I per Annum. , ' This ProduA is (o very large, fo good, and continues fo increafing, that there is very great Likelihood, that, in a few Year?, all the Markets in Europe will 'be fupplied therewith from this Province; the Trade of which is otherwife fo ouch augmented, that it loads at leaft 200 Sail of Ships yearly with this and other Produdis from all Parts. suk-wnmt. Silk-worms in Carolina are hatch'd from the Egg about the 6th of March', at the fame time that the Mulberry I Leaves, which are their Food, begin to open. Being at- tended and fed 6 Weeks, they eat no more, but have fmall Buihes fet up for them tq fpin themfelves into Balls, which thrown into warm Water are wound off into Raw Silk. Rofmy Tar and Pitch are all produced from the Pine Trees. Rofm by cutting Channels in the ftanding green Trees that meet at a Point at the Foot of the Tree, where is placed a Receiver, The Channels are cut as high as one can reacli with an Ax, and the Bark is peeled off from all thofe Parts of the Tree that are expofed to the Sup, that the Heat of it may the more eafily force out the Turpentine, which being taken from the Receiver and melted in Kettles becomes Tar is made thus, thc^y prepare a circular Floor of Clay declining a little towards the Center, froip which is laid a Pipe of Wood, whofe upper Part is even with the Floor, and reaches i o Foot without the Circumference, under the End the Earth is dug away, and Barrels placed to receive the Tar as it runs. Upon the Floor is built up a large Pile of dry Pine Wood fplit in Pieces and furrounded with a Wall of Earth, which covers it all over only a little at the Top where the Fire is firft kindled. After the Fire begins to burn ihey cover that likewKe with Earth, to the End there may be no Flame, but only Heat fufficient to force the Tar downward into the Floor. They temper the Heat as they pleafe, by thrufling a Stick through the Earth, and letting the Air in at as many Places as they fee convenient. Pitch is made by boiling Tar in large Iron Kettles fet in Furnaces, or by burning it in round Clay Holes made in the Earth. ^,,/,. Black Cattle have mightily encreafed fince the firft fettling of the Colony. About 40 Years ago it was reckoned a great deal to have three or four Cows, now fome People have 1000 Head, and for one Man to have 200 is very common. The Cows graze in the Forefts, and the Calves, being feparated , : .. .' i and Tat. Pi'.ch, The HiJIory of GirolinaJ 52 1 {md kept in Paftures fenced in, return Home tt Night to fuclcle them. They are firfl: milked, then ihut up in a I fold ail Night, milked again in the Morning and then turned ' out into the Woods. Here are Hogs in Abundance, they go daily to feed in the Hog/. Woods, where they rove leveral Miles feeding on Nuts and ^oots, but having a Shelter made at Home to keep them warm and fomething given the ^1 to eat, they generally re- turn in the Evenii^. The Ee md Pork that are raifed by it6nd a good Market in the S'-h^\< lilands. The Trade between this Province and England employ one^"'''* Year with another 22 Sail of Ships, laden with all Sorts of Wool- len Clothes, StuS and Druggets, Linens, Hollands, printed Linen and Calicoes, Silks and Muflinsj all Sorts of Iron \^are, as Nails, Hoes, Hatchets, ^c. Bedticks, ftrong Beer, bottled Cyder, Raifins, earthern Ware, Pipes, Paper, Rugs, Blankets, Quilts, Hats, Stockings, Gloves, Pewter Dimes and Plates, Brafs and Copper Ware, Guns, Powder, Bullets, Flints, Glafs Beads, Cordage, Woollen and Coctoa Cards, Steel Hand-Mills, Grind-Stones, Looking and Drink- ing Glaffes, Lace, Thread, Mohair, and all Kinds of Trim- ming for Clothes, Pins, Needles, ^c. To purchafe which are^nt from hence 70,000 Deer-Skins, befides the Com- modities Rice, t^c. before- mentioned, there are above th0 22 Sail of Ships for the England Trade, 60 Sail annually entered at CharUi-lown for ibme Places of Jfrica and America, From Jamaica^ St. Thomasy Curaffby Barbados and the leeward' IJkndsy they have Sugar, Rum, Melafles, Cotton, Chocolate made of Cocoa Nuts, Negroes and Money ; they fend thither befides Beef and Pork, Butter, Candles, Soap, Tallow, Mirde Wax -Candles, Cedar, Pineberries, Pitch and Tar, Shingles and Staves, Hoops and Heading. From New-England^ Ntw-Tork and Penfylvanla^ they have Wheat, Flower, Biskct, ilrong Beer, fait Fifli, Onions, Apples, Hops, and return them Hides, fmall Deer-Skins, Gloves, Rice, Slaves taken by the Indians in War, fome Tar and Pitch. From Madeira and the JVeJiern IJlands they have Wiruy and fend thither Provilions, Slaves, Heads for Barrels, ^c From Guinea they have N^ro Slaves, but the Ships that bring them being fent with the EfFeds that purchafe them from England^ the Returns are fent thither. As te the Encreafe of Inhabitants fince the former Im- ^'*^** predion, the late Writer of Carolina either knew not the Ufeof Numbers in political Arithmttick^ot was fliy of com- municating H A •}^ I J /•, I lir M\. i; t«2 7^* Bijhty of Carolina. munipating his Knowledge of them, for. ha (ays only, « {J ^ is noc neceilary to infert the evad Nunibers of the fevera inhabitants, but the Proportion they betr to one inothc and each to the whole are as follows." (C ■')V: I'i MVI \0:X; ' >;.r ■ ■_.;;' i, C Planters f, fJ^bitgs< Traders ... : (^Artiians '.'/■. All the Whites J 1»'k Indian Sixbjedis > to the whole, as-^^6 ^ to io6 Negro Slvfts J {.22 J He afterwards fiibdivides the ^hite People into Epi/eopal ?Mty ^ ^4;^ Prtsbyiirians and \( ' ' -^ ' ' Jj.^l /^r^«f A Proteftants 3 > to the whole, as< '*'^ ^ to 10 Baptifis ■■, '. :a/- !;^i,-ij., .r-.M,. 'I ^i Quakers/: •^ ,:(■>• CAivrfib. After this Reckoning of more Curiofity than Ufe, thel E^feopalians are the tnoit numerous of all the DenominatbnsJ P-'g' 39> 45- and almoft equal them all together \ which is not the State of the Cafe in other Account^ of this Province. He fays there! are eight Miniftcrs of the Church of England^ and in ano- ther Page, that there are ten Church of England Minii^ersJ who have each 100/. per jinn, paid by the Publick: But thej ocher Proteftants pay their Minifters by private Contribu- tions, and alfo contribute alike with the other Inhabitants I CO pay the Church Incumbents. I (hall not inquire into the Reafon of this double Payment, which one could very well liccount for in England^ but leave it to others to compare this Practice with the EftabliOiment of Religion by the funda- mental Coit/littttionsy which Locke drew up. Rtvtnues. There are at prefent no Taxes in South Carolina, but the publick Revenue arifes from Duties laid on Spirits, Wines, Staves, Sugars, Melafles, Flower, Biskct, dry Goods, Ira- pofts 3 per Cent. Deer Skins, Exports 3 farth. a Skin, all which Duties amount to about 4J00/. per Ann. out of which are paid r^/menu. '^^ '''^ Church of England Minijlers., For finiflnng and repairing Fortifications^ For the Officers of Forts and Centinels^ : TTo the Governor^ — — - .... — For Military Stores, . . . — . — . 500 Accidental Charges f -*— — .. 400 1000 /. yearly. 1000 600 200 Total 3500 Which Tfo Hiftory of Carolina. S25. Which taken out of 4500 L there remains yearly icoo /. , I to cancel fo much of the Biils of Credit which as mentioned formerly were ftruck at firft for 6000/. only, but upon Ex- perience of the gpod Ufe of them, loooo Bills were added afterwards. They ran at firft with la p^r Cent. Intcreft, but upon making the fecoiid Parcel, the Currency of them was fo well eftablifhed and found to be fo convenient, the AfTem- biy having fecured the Payment of them beyond all Excep- tion, that the Intereft upon them was quite taken ofF. Befidcs thefe Bills of Credit, the Currency of thi:; Pro-^owy* vince in Money is chiefly French Piftoles and Spanijh Gold, which paiTed before the Ad for regulating Coin in the Colo- nies at 6 s. and 3 //. a Penny Weight, and 3 d. the odd Grains, Dutch Dollars and Perwjian Pieces of Eight at 5 s. There is little Englijh Money, but what here pafles at 50 ^r Cent, Advance, a Crown at 7 i. 6 d. a Guinea iX} \is. 3 d. The Method of fettling in this pleafant Country^ }[i2aSittkmtn» hitherto been for Men to pitch upon a voki Piece of Ground,'**"* purchafed at the Rate of 20 /. for 1000 Acres, and one Shil-; ling Quit Rent for every 100 Acres, or elfe to pay a Penny an Acre Quit-Rent yearly to the Proprietors without Pur- chafe Money. The former Method is the moft common and the Tenure a Freehold. The Land being laid out the Pur- chafer builds upon it, raifes Stock, plants Orchards, and JT sol/' makes fuch Commodities as when foU procure hkn Slaves, cklr^e. Horfes, Houfliold Goods and other Conveniences, and after this is done he may yearly encreafe his Capital, and by In- duftry become rich. My Author gives in a Scheme of fettling an Eftate of 5 o /. a Year for 100 /. prime Coft only. i.l 1 I I ■ , i!' 1 .'/^^.i 200 /teres o/Land, Purchafey Survey, and other Charges 2 Negro Slaves ^o\. each 4. Cows with Calves at 2^ s. each 4 Sows at 15 s. each J Canoe, ttmuji be by a River Axes, Hoes, Wedges, Hand-Saws, Hammers and other } Tools 5 A Steel Mill Afmall Houfe, Hut or Cabin for the firjl Year or two Corn, Peafe, Beef, Pork, &c. for the firft Year Expenees and Contingencies. I 6 80 5 3 3 s. o o o o o 2 O 3 8 H 26 o o j; 150 /. Carolina Money, or 100 /. Sterling. There I 524 Sr^^ Hi/hry ^Carblina. ' There are many who at their fettling fave the grea Charge of Slaves and do the Labour themfelres, and this re- duces the firft Settlement of 150/. a Year to 70 /. only. As for thofe who have no Subftancc at all, and would hire ,,, ' out their Labour, Wages run thus. ' ? 1 r:J. tj( /; 1.: Price 9f La- A Taylor A Shoemaker A Smith A Wiavtr A Bricklayer A Cooper - s. d. 5 2 7 3 6 4 o 6 6 a Day, almoft as cheap as in England. three Times as dear as in England. tsg, 58. The Carolina Writer recommends to the Board of Trade tO;get Seedi oli Almonds^ Dates, OliveSy CcffeOs Tea, Drugs, tlfc. growing and thriving in Climates of tne fame Latitude as CaroUtta, including the fined Countries in the World, to have them carefully preferved, fent to Carolina and there propagated. f^'S9*& This Author's Scheme in general is^fo to lay out ($000/. and /'*' that in Freight, Tools, Clothes and Necejfaries, as that it (hall in 20 Years Time bring in 3(^)5(^2 /. and have an improving Stock in Carolina to the Value of 7000 /. If I was more in Love with general Schemes and this in particular, I ihould not depend on the Succefs of either at Home or Abroad. , • - . "■ i- i\ it. i' c ■"7 • v* '' f n I THE u; .1 .': ^'•;i'* ( 525 ) ^--v THE H 1 S T O R Y ^7 IP' 1 ■■•••»'■' ■• ■"■.•". \' O F G E O R G I A. ( . »732. TH E Gentlemen who firft formed the DeHgn of Settlements in this Country (then a Part of Carolina) did it as a charitable Foundation by . providing for Numbers of poor People, not only to live comfortably themfelves, but to be a Benefit to the People to which they were before a Burthen. This they gave out, and invited all well difpofed Perfons to join with and aflift them in fo ufeful and laudable an Undertaking. Iii order to proceed regularly and effeard the fatne Ship, in order to go and fee the firft Settlement made^ and on the x 5 th of January following, they arrived It Ctrro/fffo in good Health. The Governor of that Place received »ihem with gfeat Marks of Civility id Satisftis fubmi't to the Eng- Effabooy their IVarrior^ the Son of old Breen^ lately dead, l^'^* whom the Spaniards call'd Emperor of the Creeks^ with 8 Men and l Women Attendants. From the Tribe of Cujfetat. Cuffeia their Mico. fatchiquatchi^ their head Warrior, with four Attendants. » From the Tribe of Owfeecheys, Ogeefe the Mico^ or War King. Neathlouthko and Ougachi^ two chief Men, with tbret Attendants. From the Tribe of Cheechaws. Outhleteboay their Mico^ Jhlautho-thlukee, Figeer^ SoOta-^ milla^y^ix Captains, with three Attendants. From the Tribe of Echetas. Chutabeeche and Robin^ two War Captains (the latter wafi bred among the Englijh) with four Attendants, ^ From the Tribe of Palachucolas. Gillaietj their head Warrior, and 6vc Attendants. M m Vs6i% 1* !' I; ! ' 'ii' r -i,. ;.':: p^o ^he Hi [lory of Georgia. From the Tribe of Ocenas, Oueckachumpa^ call'd, by the EngUfl)^ Long King, Qoo' tvoof a Warrior. From the Tribe of Eufault. Tomaum'i, head Warrior, and three Altendams. The /ri(i.\nis being all fcated, Ouetkachumpa^ a very tall old Man, ftood and made a Speech, which was interpreted by Mr. If'iagan and Mr. Mufgrove^ and was to the follow- ing Purpofe : He firji clalmtd all tht Land to the Southward of the River Savanah, as belonging to the Creek Jndianc. They then faid, Though they were but poor and ignorant he that had given the Englifli Breath had given them Breath alfo. That lie who had made both had given more Wifdom to white Men: That they were perfuaded tiat the great Power which dwelt in Heaven and all around (and then he fpread out his Hands, and lengthened the Sound of his Words) and which hath given Breath to all Men^ had fent the Eng- lifli thither for the InJiru£iion of them, their fVives and Chil- dren : That therefore they gave them up freely their Right to all the Land they did not ufe thcmfelves. That this vjas not only his own Opinion^ but the Opinion of the eight Towns of .'/; Creeks j each of ivhom having confulted together ^ had fm fotne of their chief Men with Skins, which is their Wealth. Then the chief Men brought a Bundle of Buck-skins^ and laid eight from the eight Towns before Mr. Oglethorpe. He faid, Thofe were the be/l things they had,, and that they gave them with a good Heart. He concluded with thanking him for his Kindnefs to Tomochi,:hi Mico^ and his Indians^ to whom he faid he was relaN d j and though Tonmhichi was banifh'd from his Nation, that he was a good Man, and had been a great Warrior, and it was for his Wifdom and Juftice that the banifli'd Men chofe him King. He alfo laid he had heard that the Cherokees had kill'd fome Englijhmen^ and that, if Mr. Oglethorpe would command them, they would enter their whole Force into the Cherokee Country, deftroy their Harvefb, kill the People, and revenge the Evglijh. When he had done fpeaking, Tomochichi came in with the Tammacraw Indians^ and 'trtiking a low Obrnhncp, fai j, / was a Hniflid Man\ I came here poor and hehl'fi to h-^ for 1 good Land near the Tombs of my Ancefhrs, am. n'. iing- lifli came to this Place^ I feared you would drive us away^ for v)e Mere weak and wanted Corn j but you confirmed our Land I $Q MS , an* gave us Food. I Then ^e Htftory of Georgia. Then the Chicft of the other Nations made Speeches tnuch to the fame Purpofe as OunJtachumpa*s. Attcr which they agreed with Mr. Oglethortt on a Treaty of Alliance and Commerce, which was figned by him arjd them. A laccd Coat, a laced Hat, and a Shirt wasei' -i ro each King, and to each of the Warriors a Gun, a Maiulc of Dufflsy and to all their Attendants coarfe Cloth for Clothing, and other I Things. The Articles of Agreement were, Tl.i* Trujitei engaged to let their Ptoplg carry into the Tri- ! f'.v^ 7'cwns all Sorts of Goods, fitting to traae at Rates an^ I [htc-s fettled by the Treaty. Re/litution and Reparatioh to be made for Injuries on both I I'JeSy and Criminals to be tried and punlfhed according to the EnpliOi Law, Trade to be withdrawn from any Indian Town, offending ., - Wlnft Treaty. The Enp;. Pi '> ■p':tTefs all Lands not ufed by the Indians* \mvlded .hat J upon fettling of every new Town the Englifli UmMfet "ty '^thc ufe of their Nation, fuch Lands as Jhould \u>':'-'d on bit'^vccn the Knglidi beloved Men, and the head tU'K (f their Nitiott. To rejlo/ e all run-away Negroes^ and carry them either to Charles- Town, the Savanah, or Patachuchula Garrlfon^ upon being tald for every fuch Negro four Blankets, or two ' Guns, or the Value thereof in bther Goods, if taken on the L//; r Side of Ocotiyy River j and ore Blanket, if the Negro I is k'tWd in takingy or endeavouring to make his Ejcape. Laftly, They promlfed with Jireight Hearts and Love to I \hlr Brother EngliHi, to give no Encouragement tc any other \ white People to fettle there -y and to all this theyfet the Marks if their families. The Treaty concluded, the Car6 of the People, and of [carrying on the Works, was left to Mr. St. Julian and Mr. Scott, andjMr. Oglethorpe fet out again for Charles-Town, in I order to return to England. On the 14th oi May, Cz^t, Toakley^ in the Ship Jamesj nrjt sUf I arrived at Savanah, with Paflengers and Stores for that Fhce.from En^- I The Ship rode in two Fathom and a half Water, at low Wa-'*"*^* '^aric, clofe to the Town, and unloaded there, and the Captain received the PriM order'd to be given to the fir it I Ship that fliould unload at that Town. In his Pafiage up the River, he found the Bar and the Channel very good, and Water enough for ^mps of much greater Burden than his^ 100 Tons, M m a Soort i3* I' f ' I ' .!>■ 1^: :2 • :!! n U ft; 53* 1734-. Tbe Hijlory of Georgia. Soonafter, about 50 Families were accepted by the Truf- tces to be fent over in their Ship Francisy Capt. Lionel lp'ood\ Commander. Thefe Truftees had their anniverfary. Meeting March the! 21ft, 1733-4., ^"^ ^^^ Accounts being laid before them, it appeared that they bad received, fince the Date of their | Charter, '• /. d. For eftablifliing their Colony — 144 '4 6 7 For the religious Ufe thereof — 202 ly 8 And for encouraging and improving? Botany and Agriculure in Georgia S 205 10 o 14.822 12 3 } That they had applied towards efta- bliHiing and fettling in the faid Colony j7(S Britijh^ and 115 Fo- reigners, in all 491 Perfons. For the religious Ufe of the faid Colo- ny, the Society for propagating the Gofpel maintaining the Minilter, until Glebe Land is cultivated for him, And for encouraging and improving? Botany and Agriculture in Georgia S 8013 4 3 2 a 187 10 8202 16 6 Bcfides the Perfons fent by the Charity, there are 7.1 MaJ fters, and i c6 Servants gone at their own Expence. Thu^ the whole Number of Perfons, at this time embark'd to fettle there, amounts to 6j8, whereof Men 320, Women 113, Boys 102, and Girls 83. At the End of this Summer, 1734, Mr, Oglethorpe hxow^i over CO England with him Tomochichi, Mico or King of thj Tavnnocraws Senawki his Queen, and Tocnakowi the PrinceJ his Nephew, as alfo HilUfpilliy a War Captain, and Apal kowtiki^ Stimalechi^ Sintouchi^ Stinguitki and Umpychi^ fivd other Indian Chiefs, with their Interpreter. They werd lociged at the Georgia Office, Old Palace Yard, where theJ were handibmly entertained, and being fuitably drcfs'd, werd introduced to the Court, then at Kenfmgton, I'omochichi preJ fented to the King feveral Eagles Feathers, which, according to their Cuftom, is the molt refpedful Gift he could of^erl ani TZv Hiftory of Georgia. ^jj and made the following Speech to his Majefty : *' This Day *< I fee the Majefty of your Face, and Greatnefs of your « Houfe, and the Number of your People. I am Come " for the Good of the whole Nation call'd the Creeks, to " renew the Peace they had long ago with the Englijh. I " am come over in my old Days ; though I cannot live to " fee any Advantage to myfelf, I am come for the Good " of the Children of all the Nations of the Upper and «' L'^wer Creeks, that they may be inftrudted in the KnoW" « ledge of the Englijh, *' Thefe are the Feathers of the Eagle, which is the fwifr- " eft of Birds, and who flyeth all round our Nations : Thefe " Feathers are a Sign of Peace in our Land, and we have " brought them over to leave them with you, O great King, " as a Sign of everlafting Peace. *' O great King ! whatfoever Words you (hall fay unto «' me, I will tell them faithfully to all the Kings of the " Creek Nations." To which his Majefty made a gracious Anfwer, afluring thofe Nations of Procedion and Regard. The nqxt Day one of the Creek Train dying of the Small- pox, was buried after the Manner of his Country in St. John^s Burial-Ground, JVeJiminJIer ; the Corpfe being few'd up in two Blankets, with one Deal Board under, and another over him, and tied down with a Cord, was carried to the Place of Interment on a Bier. There were only prefent King Tomo, two or three of the Chiefs, the upper Church- warden and the Grave-Digger. When the Corpfe was laid in the Earth, the Clothes of the Deceafed were thrown into the Grave ; after this a Quantity of Glafs Beads, and then fome Pieces of Silver j the Cuftom of thofe hidiam being to bury all the Deceafed's EfFcdts with them. They ftaid fome time in England, and faw all the ufual Sights, with which they were furprized and pleafed. Before Mr. Oglethorpe came to England^ he fent Mr. chnflaw Thomas Jones to endeavour to bring the Cba^iaw Nation I '"'ans into the Alliance, and fettle Commerce with them. '°'°'^* Six Months after Mr.Jones returned to Savanah with five of the chief Men of that Nation, and fix of their chief Wairiors, and with them feveral of the Upper CreekSjWho had alllfted Mr. Jones in his Negotiation. This Cha^aw Nation lies ncx't beyond the Creeks, ftretching beyond the Gulpli of Alexico, and confequently in the way to the Mouth of the Mijfijjlppi, and reckon'd by the Indians a powerful Naiion, beii)g aUe to bring 5000 Men into the Field. They have abundance of Deer-skins, Wax, Furs, and Peltry j but coujd nevqr be prevailed on to trade with Carolma. Mm 3 ThP at ^ -1 ■^i B: r3^ f/je Hi/lory of Georgia. The Magiftrates of the Town of Savanah received them in the beft Manner they could, and made them fuch Prefents as they thought would be moft agreeable to them. Cof. Bull happen'd to be there at that time, and aflliftcd the Ma-^ giltrates with his Advice ; and the Cha£law5 returned home extremely pleafed with their Reception, and carried with them Propofals of Peace and Commerce for Ratification. Tomochkhi and the other Indian Chiefs re-embark'd on board the Prince of fVales, commanded by Capt. George Dunbavy who was bound for Georgia with a Tranfporc of Saltzburghersy German Protettant Refugees, and arrived at Savanah December the 27th, from whence Capt. Dunhar wrote, ** That foon after his Arrival, there was a Rumour '* of the Spanift) Indians having paffed the Ogeeche River- '^ upon which, with other Englijhmen^ I failed from Sa~ '' vanah to the Coaft for InteWigence. If Temochicb?s Af- fairs at home had not requited his Prefence, he affured me he would go with us in Pcrfon ; and if he was cer- tain any Enemies were in our Neighbourhood, nothino- " fliould then detain him; but 3 of his Indian Chiefs inGfted ongoing, and they went with i|S. ** I'he 8 th we arrived at Thunderbolt, where the Perfons who are fettled have cleared and fenced fo much Land, that they cannot fail this enfuing Seafon of felling great Quantities of Provifions. They have made a very great " Advance in the Pot-AHi Manufedture, have three Houfes " finifh'd within a good Fortification, ■ and have loaded a Sloop for the Madeiras with Pipe-ftaves fince my be- ing here. jii.di v.y, ** We were at Skidaway all Night, where they have made a much greater Progrefs, both in Houfes and Land, than I expecfted. They are (o regular in their Watch, that no Boat can pafs by. Night or Day, without being obliged to bring to, of which I had the Proof on my Return- their Battery confining of three Carriage and four Swivel Guns, is in very good Order. Two Miles South of this " Settlement the Scout-boat lies, when at home, where *' they have a very commanding Profped, and can put to *' Sea at any time of Tide. " We fearch'd the fevcral Illands as far as Jekyl liland, " and the Mouth of the River Alatamaha, but found none but our friendly Indians. We returned back to Savanah the 19th of January. " I Oiall load here, and ate in contra(fl for 800 Barrels of Rice, Pitch and Tar on freight for London, and hope to complete my Lading with the Products of Georgia. h box. (( iC (C cc iC «c 4C cc Tlje Hiflory of Georgia. In May, 1735, the Inhabitants of Savanah had pretty near finilh'd their Fort, there being now a good Number of Houfes, fome of Brick. In the Beginning of January fol- lowing, about 150 Scotch Highlanders arrived at Savanah^ deligned to fettle on the Frontiers of that Colony next the Spaniards, They llaid there a iliort time, in Expedation of Mr. Oglethorpe ; but he not coming fo foon as expedted, the Highlanders conveyed themfelves in Periaguas xo the South- ward, and fettled by the Side of the River Alatamaha^ a- bout 1 2 Miles from the Sea, where they raifed a little Fort, upon which they mounted the four Pieces of Canon they brought with thera, and built a Guard-houfe, a Store-houfe, a Chapel and feveral Huts, and gave the Name of Z)i7r/tn Da rien. to their new Settlement. On the 5th of February^ the Ship Symonds, Capt. Corn'JJ:^ GrMUr im and the London Merchant, Capt. Thomas, with Mr. Oglc~'''^i^^t('0'i^ ihorpe^ and about 300 Paflengers on board, pafs'd the Bar of Tybee^ and anchor'd in the Road of Savanah. Mr. Ogle- thorpe went immediately to fee what Progrefs was made in raihng the Beacon of Tybee, and fent Advice of his Arrival to the Governor of South Carolina.^ and alfo Orders to the Independent Company to prepare for their marching to the Kland of St. Si?non. On the 6th he arrived at Savanah, and was received with the Difcharge of the Artillery, and by the Freeholders under Arms, with the Conllables and Tything Men at their Head. He immediately gave Orders to provide Materials for building a Church, and to run out ihe Wharf for landing of Goods, and alfo for raifing 100 Men for clearing the Roads and finifhing the Fortifications; 50 prefently ofFer'd themfelves voluntarily for this Work at Savanah, and 20 more from Purrysburgh. On the 7th, the Honourable Hc£Jor Bcringer de Beau- Ihin, Efq; Capc. Holzindorff, Mr. Fifsley Dcehillon, a Pa- trician of Bern, and feveral other of the Swifs Gentlemen from Purrysburgh waited upon Mr. Oglethorpe^ and acquaint- ed him with the Condition of their Town. The next Day, the Baron Von Reek, and the two Saltz- bwgh Minifters came down from Ebenezer, with the Re- queft of the People to be removed from the Fords where they were, down to the Mouth of the River, and that thefe Saltzburghcrs jull come over might not go to the Southward, but join them. Mr. Oglethorpe fet out for Ebenezer in the Scout-boat, to fee if the Reafon they gave for being re- moved was true. He came fir ft to Sir Francis Bathurji\ Houfe, fix Miles above Savanah, where he took Horfe, and pafled by a Saw-mill, fet up by Mr. Augujlinc, and ar- Mm 4 yived 535 1735- i:;: 1 : ti lev N?w Ebe 536 • ^he Hi/lory of Georgia. 0:J Ebsne rivcd the fame Night at Ebenezer, where the Saltzhrgheri ^''' had built a good Wooden Bridge over the River 10 Fooc broad and 10 Foot long. There were in the Town 4 good frame Timber Houfes, built at the Contribution Charge, one for each of the Minifter.'!, for a School-niafter, and a publick 3tore. There were alfo a Chapel and a Guard houfe built by the People, and a great Number of fplit Board Houlbs all which the People were refolvcd to forfake, and make a new Settlement downwards. Mr. Oglethorpe endeavoured to perfuade them againft it on feveral Accounts j but their own keafons having more Weight with them, their Prayers and Tears prevailed with him to confent to their Requeft, and he order'd a Town to be mark'd out for them in the Plice they defired. That Night he lay at Col. Purryh Houfe and the next Day returned to Savanah^ and on the 12th he fee out to take Pofleflion of the Ifland of St. Simon where arriving in about two Days, he fet People to work and they foon got up a Houfe, thatch'd it with Palmecto* Leaves, dug a Cellar, built a Store- houfe, and mark'd out a Fort with four Baftions. From thence he vifited the Highlanders at Darien, whom he found under Arms, with their Plads, broad Swords, Tar- gets and Muskets; and in Compliment to them, Mr O'^le- thorpe^ all the while he was there, drefs'd in their Habit • and in a few Days he returned to the Ifle of St. Shnm where, by his Prefence and Diredion, the Works were j-5^,. carried on with fuch Expedition, that by April the Fort was near fini^h'd, and 37 Palmetto Houfes built. The Fort *•': -dcr ca. was called Frederica^ and was a regular Square with four BafHons, and furrounded by a Ditch, with fome Out-works which were fet round with Cedar Palifadoes, and the Ram- parcs were faced with Green-fward. Behind the Fort a Town was laid out, and the Ground being properly divided the People were put in Pofledion of their refpecHve Lots, in order that each might begin to build and improve for himfelf; all that was already raifcd, manured, or fown had been in common for the publick Benefit. Soon after Mr. Ogltthorpe\ Arrival on the Ifland of %t.. Simon, Tomochichi^ his Nephew, and a large Party of Indians came down to him, and brought him as many Deer as fed the Colony for fome Days. They told him they would hunt the Buffalo as far as the SpaniJJ) Frontiers ; but he be- ing apprchenlive, from fome Words, that they defigned to fall on the Span;JJ) Out-guards, told them, he would go 3- long with them. They faid then they would fliew him (as they promifed to the King oi England) what Lands belonged ' ' ' " ' tq 537 ne Hijlory of Georgia. to their Nation. The firft Day they carried him to an Illand at the Mouth of J/-^/' Sound, where, on a high Ground, commanding the Palfes of the River, he left a Party of Highlanders^ under the Command of Mr. Hugh fi/lackay^ mark'd out a Fort, which, at their Defire, he cail'd St. Andreiv's ; and Toonakowi pulling out a Watch, the J'* ■'}"' Gift of his Royal Highnefs the Duke, he gave the NamCfl,^cm*Tiber- Cumbcrland 10 the Illand. UndiJiAui. The next Day they paiFed the Clothogotheo^ another Branch of the Alatamaha^ and difcovered another very fine Ifland, about i6 Miles long, with Oranges, Mirdes and Vines growing wild ^ to which was given the Name of Amelia, ^r!^^^* And the third Day, arriving near the Spanijh Look-out, the Indians (hewed their Defire of falling upon the Spaniards ; to prevent which, Mr. Oglethorpe left them on an Ifland, and falling down the River St. IFans^ doubled Point Sr. George^ being the North Pau of St. John's River, and the nioft Southerly Point of the Briti/h Dominions u^on the Sea-Coa(t of the North America^ the Spaniards having a Guard on 'he other Side of the faid River. Mr. Mmkny^ before mentioned, with a Party, was or- der'd to travel by Land from Savnnah to Darien^ which they accordingly did, and computed the Dillance between the two Places to be 70 Miles in a ftraight Line, and 90 by the Places where the Swamps are paflable. The Town of Savanah is now increafed to about 14.0 Houfes, befides Warehou fes and Cottages. Here is alfo a Court of Record, coniifting of three Bailiffs and a Recorder, who holds a Court every fix Weeks, Above Ehenezcr was laid out, in the" fame Year, the Town of Augujla. f^^^„ ,fij It hes in a pleafant and fruitful Country, infomuch, that an Acre of Ground produces near 30 Bufliels of Indian Corn, which is moft generally ufed here among the lower Sort of People, and perhaps will be always {o^ as it is in our other Continent Colonies. It has already a good Part of the Indian Trade, and by its Neighbourhood v/ith tb?: Indian Nations, is in a way of increaling it lb much, that, in all Probability, 'twill foon become the moft thrivina; Evglijh Settlement. It is 256 Miles by Water, from the Mouth of Savanah River, and large Boats are navigated from hence to the Town of Savanah^ and laft Year looooo Weight of Skins was brought from thence. Hither the Indian Traders from Carolina and Georgia refort in the Spring. Injune^ i739j the Traders, Packhorl'emen, Ser- vants, Townfmen, and others depending on that Bufinefs, made 600 Whites. Here the Truflecs have hitherto main- I taincd I 1 fr I >i ri IP ^2 8 7de mjlory of Georgia. talned a little Garrifon, and the Security which the Traders re- ceive from theFort is their Inducement to go there. The Town ihnds upon a high Ground on the Side of the River; a Road has been mark'd out from thence to Old Ebenezer, fo that I Hoi iemen can ride from Savanah to Auguj}a^ as likcwife to the Cherokee Indians^ who are iituated above Augujia to the N. W. and on thcGW^/a Side of the River, in the Valley oi" the Appalachean Mountains. Weftward of AuguJla live the Creek Indians-^ their chief Town is the Coivetas, At 200 Miles Diftance, upon the Edge of whofe Country the Fort of Jlbamas lies. Beyond the Creeks lie the Chickcfaws. They inhabit near the MijfiJJippi River, and pollefs the Banks of it. I was the better pleafed to find this Account of the MlJ/iJfippicms publirti'd in the moft authentick Manner becaule it confirms what I have, in feveral preceding Places mentioned of the Situation of the Engliflj to carry on a Trade with the MiJJiJfippiansy from very near the Mouth of the River fo as far as it is navigable; and thefe Ch'ickefaivsy as well as the other Indian Nations, being in ftridt Fricndlhip with the Englijh^ and having a better Opinion of their Mar- ket than they have of that of the French^ I can yet fee no Realon why we would defpair of coming in for fuch a Share of that Trade, as our Neighbourhood to the Mijpjfippi In- dians^ and their Difpofition to deal with us, may procure. Tliere are feveral Plantations to the Southward of .9^- vanahy and two little Vills^es, call'd Hghgate and Hamp- jfead, about four Miles diftant firom it, and many other Villages throughout the Province. There are now feveral Villages on the Ifland of St. Simon^ and the Town of Frederica is very much improved. In its Neighbourhood is a fine Meadow of 320 Acres ditch'd in, on which a Number of Cattle are fed,andgood Hay made from it. At fome Diftance is the Camp for General Oglethorpe' i, Regiment, and fmall Lots of Land have been granted to the Soldiers, many of whom are married, and 55 Children were born there laft Year. The People of Frderica have be- gun to malt and to brew. The Soldiers Wives fpin Cotton of the Cotton of the Country, which they knit into Stock- ings. At the Town is a Court of Juftice for the Southern Part of the Province, and has the fame Number of Ma- gi ft rates as at Savanah. 'I'he Matters that have happen'd here fmce James Ogh- thorpey Efq; was Commander in Chief of all the Forces in the Provinces of Civro//«c-J('Sltuatirh grees (hews the Happinefs of the Climate and Soil for Ha- bitation and Planting. The Soil conlifts of four different Soil. Sorts, Pine-barren, which is a fandy Soil j Oak and Hickory, which is good Land, fit for moft Sorts of Grain ^ Swamps, which lying low, are Clay, or fat Mud, and is the richeft and beft; Savanna's, where grow Cane and wild Grafs, and alfo Plenty of Grafs in many Places for feeding Cattle, which are already much increafed there. ■ There is a good Proportion of all thele Sons of Lane!';, and the higher ixx the Country the better ; and the Soil has alfo been found proper for all Sorts oi EngliJI) Grain, as well as moft of the Englijh Fruit-trees. The Progrefs this infant Colony has made towards Set- dements, which wc have related at large, will be equally furprizing and plealing to an Englijh Reader, cfpecially if he has any right Notion of the great Advanta<;fe fuch Settle- ments may be to the Security of our other Continent /Ime- rican Colonies, and the Trade of the Nation. Its Situation ihews what a Guard it may be made againft the Spaniards-^ and its Capital Savamh^ is diftant from Charles-Town S. W. in a dircil Courfe 77 Miles only, and N. E. by E. about 150 from St. Augvjlim^ the Capital of the Spanlfh Florida^ and the greateft Bar to the Englijh Trade, between this Pro- vince and the Bay of Mexico. This fliews that the EngUJh cannot be at too much Pains j,,-,,r/.v< or Expence in fortifying their Frontier here, which indeed is IP I' -' i OW uU, 540 Trodull and Trade. I j* ■ I"' ^he Hifiory of Georgia. ^ is the Frontier of all their ColOiiies in North yimer'tcdy and therefore dcferves the Care and Purfe of the Publick, not by way of Charity only, but for the Commerce, Strength and Glory of the Kingdom, more than iiny other j for ail others arc fecured in fecuring this : And if any where, within the Limits of this Province, a Dock might be made for Shipping, and fuch a thing done with proper Security, we need no more be in Pain for our American Settlements and Trade. And they are, at this time, fo well furnifli'd with Commodities for Ship- building, that feveral Ships have been built there already, and no doubt that Work will more and r/iore increafe with the People and Trade. What a Check it would be to the Spanxjh Navigation, and what to the French Attempts for incroaching the MiJJljftppi Trade, is fo obvious to al^ that are acquainted with thefe Matters, that it is necdlefs to enlarge upon ir, at lead in this Place. We (hall now enquire into the particular Benefits that may ac- crue by it to our Trade from its Produds. We have al- ready feen that Capt. Dunbar freighted his Ship here for Londm with Rice, Pitch and Tar, the Commodities of Ca- rolina^ which n^ay be here produced in as great Plenty as there, with an equal Proportion of Hands. This Country already produces Hemp and Flax in good Quantities, and may foon be in a Condition to fuppiy us therewith. Pot- alhes are now imported from thence, the Neccflity of which is well known to all that know any thing of Manu- fadturcs. The ftarely Pine- trees we have fpoken of here, fo many hundred Foot high, proves how ferviceable this Province may be to us for Marts, as well as other Naval Stores. The Deer brought in by the Indians to the Engl'iJ]} for feeding them, is a Proof that the Traffick of Furs may here be very conliderable, other Merchantable Skins being certainly as plenty as Deer's, and the Indians carry on this Trade as well by Water as by Land ; for Mr. Oglethorpe wrote home, that 12 trading Boats pafs'd by during his Stay at Savanah j alfo Bees-wax, Mirtle-wax, Bears-oil, Leather, Drugs, Simples, and Dyers Wares of feveral Sorts. One may imagine that this Country, fo ill inhabited as the Englijh found ir, was overgrown with Trees, which pro- bably might at firft incommode new Comers as to the Air j but as fait as it is cleared of Trees, and that will be as faft as the Ground is wanted for Culture, thofe Woods that now are a little burdenfom to them will turn to a very good Account. The chief of thofe Trees are white Oaks, Beach, Elm, Cedar, Chefnut, Walnut, Cyprefs, Mirtle-trees, Vines, and Mulberries j the latter is the moft talk'dof, on Accouqc oi ^e HiHory of Carolina. of the Si)k-worms that they feed, aud the Expedlation that thofe that went thither, and we that (laid at home, have had from it. Two or three Piemontefe went with the firft Im- barcation to put the People in a way for the Management of the Worms, the Eggs of which were fent for from Italy j and they began very foon here to have fome fmall Parcels of Silk fit to fend home for Experiment, where Sir Thomas Lombe, v'ho was beft verfed in that Commodity, tried the Goodnefs of it by his Engine at Derby, and faid of it, T/je Georgia Silk is the bejl working Silk I ever faiv, even better than our bejl fuperfine Piedmont, and it proves exceeding good through all its Operations. So that being fure of the (iood- nefs of the Quality, we have nothing more to hope for but the Quantity, which cannot be very great as long as Hands are wanting for raifing Food and the Commodities of Lite. The Wages of common Servants is at i /. 5 s, per Month j and the Price of Provifions is as follows : 54 m; \'\ s. d. d. Beef, from I i to 2 i per lb. Pork, 2 2 i Veal, 2 f 3 Mutton, 4^ 5 Strong Beer, from 2 ;- to 3 per Qiiart. Cyder, J 4 Madeira JVine, I Tea, at 6 per lb. Coffee, at I 6 Wheat Flower, at 1 Rice^ at 4 6 a Hundred. THE :i ( 542 ) THE HISTORY O F H U D S O N's^B A T. CONTAINING I An Account of its Difcovery and Settlcniicnf, the Pi'ogrefs of it, and the prefent State-, of the Indium^ Trade, and every thing clle re- lating to it. T W A S in the Reign of Queen Ehzaheth that all the Englift) Dominions on the Continent of America were difcover'd, except Hudjurf% Streights, which being the moft Northerly, ihould have been treated of firft, and put at the Head of the other Settlements -, but the French have a large Domi- nion bet\x'een the EngliJ}) at HudforCs-Bay and thofe at NeW' England: And befides there being no Towns nor Planta- tions in this Country, but two or three poor Forts to de- fend the P'adlories, we thought we were at Liberty to place it where we pleafed, and were loth to let our Hiftory open with the Hiftory of fo miferable a Wildernefs, and io wretched a Colony. For as rich as the Trade to thefe Parts have been, or may be, the way of Living is fuch, that we cannot reckon any Man happy, whofe Lot is caft upon this Bay. In ^e Hiftory of HudfonV-Bay. In the Year 157^, Cape. Martin FrohiJJjer made his flrfl Voyage for the Difcovcry of a i'Qflage to China and Cat' ay by the North-Weft, and on the 12th oijune he difcovcr'd ferra de Labrador^ in 63 Degrees, 8 Minutes, and entcr'd a Sireight, which is called by his Name. On the i ft of O^obtr he returned to England. In the following Year he went a lecond Time on the fame Difcovcry, came to the fame Streight, and ufed all poflTible Means to bring the Na- tives to Trade, or give him fome Account of themfelves ; but they were fo wild, that they only ftudicd to deltroy the Englijh. Capt. Frobifljer ftaid here till Winter drew on, and then he returned to England. He made the fame Voy- age the following Year, and with the like Succefj. Six Years afterwards, A. D. 1585, John David failed from Dartmouth on the fame Adventure, came into the l/x- titude of 64 Degrees 15 Minutes, and proceeded to 66 De- grees 40 Minutes. In the Year cnfuing, he ran to 6() ] /c- grees ao Minutes, and coafted Southward again to 5^ De- grees. Sailing thence in 54 Degrees, he found an op-*.! Sea, [ending Weftward, which he hoped might be the iV.iKipc fo long fought for; but the Weather proving tcmpeihiou, he returned to England, In OSlober, the next Ye.u , lie did the fame. After which there were no more Adventures this Way till the Year 1607, when C?,pt. Henry Hudfon difcover'd as far as 80 Degrees 23 Minutes; at the Mention of which, the Reader will almoft freeze as the Writer does ; for that G)untry is fo prodigioufly cold, that Nature is never impreg- nated by the Sun • or rather, her barren Womb produces nothing for the Subfittence of Man. In 1608, he fet out again, and having added little to his former Difcoveries, re- turned. Two Years after which, j1. D. i^io, he again un- dertook a Voyage to find out the North-Weft PafTage, pro- ceeded 100 Leagues farther than any Man had done before him, till he could not go forward for Ice and Shoal Water j and finding himfelf imbay'd, he refolved to winter there. In the Spring, /I. D. i(Jii, purfuing a farther Difcovcry, he and feven more of his Company were feized, the relt of his Men put into an open Boat, and committed to the Mercy of the Waves and Savages. By one or the other of which be perifti'd, dearly purchafing the Honour of hav- ing this large Streight and Bay call'd after his Name. We know 'tis pretended, that a Dane made the Difcovcry of this Streight, and that he called it Chrijiiana^ from the King oi Denmark^ Chrijiiern the IVrh then reigning. But Capt. Hudjon was the Man who diicover'd it to the i E-ngljh^ M3 < I ''11 544 77^^ Hijlory of Hudron'i-Bay. Engll/h^ and who indeed fir(l failed fo near the Bottom ol the Bay, as he did within a Degree or two. The fame Year that he died, Sir Thomas Button^ at rhe InlUgation of I^rince Henry ^ purfucd the fame Difcovery He pafs'd Hudfon\ Sircights, and leaving HudlWs-Boy to the South, fettled above 200 Le.igucs to the South- Wed and dilcovcr'd a great Continent, by him call'd New^iyalc] He winter'd at the Place afterwards called Port Nelfon carefully fearch'd all the Bay, from him called Button\.Buy and ceturned to Digg's liland. * In 161^, Mr. B^/Jfin enter'd Sir Thomas Smith's Bay, in 78 Degrees, and returned, defpairing to find any Pallage . that way. Thus we Ccc all the Adventures made to the North- Weft were in hopes of palfing to China ; but that is a Difcovery as latent as the Philofopher's Stone, the perpetual Motion or the Longitude. In i5jij Capt. James failed to the North Weft, and roving up and down in thofe Seas, arrived at C'.arltonlihni.] where he winter'd in 52 Degrees, much beyond Hudfiii' Button and Ba^n. Capt. Fox went out this Year on tiie fame Account ; but proceeded no farther than Port-Nelfon. The Civil Wars in England put Dilcoveries out of Mens Heads i the bold had other Work cut out for them, and we hear of no more fuch Adventures till the Year 1667, when Zachariah Gillam^ in the Nonfuch Ketch, pafs'd throu"h Hudjonh Streights, and then into Boffins Bay to 7^ De- grees, and thence Southward into 5 1 Degrees, where in a River, afterwards call'd Prince Rupert's River, he had a friendly Correfpondence with the Natives, built a Forr, named 'n Charles Fort^ and returned wilhSucccfs. The Occalion of Gillarn's going was this : Monficur Radi- fon and Monfieur Goofelier, two Frenchmen, meeting with fbme Savages in the Lake of ^jftmponals^ in Canada^ they learnt of them that they might go by Land to the Bottom of the Bay, where the EngHjh had not yet been ^ upon which they dcfired them to conduct them thither, and the Savages accordingly did it. The two Frenchmen returned to the upper Lake the fame way they came, and thence to ^m- bec^ the Capital of Canada, where they oflfer'd the principal Merchants to carry Ships to Hudj'on\-Bay^ but their Projed was rejeded. Thence they went to France, in hopes of 3 more favourable Hearing at Court^ but after prefentingl feveral Memorials, and fpending a great deal of Time and] Money, they were anfwer'd as they had been at ^eba, aod their Ptojed look'd upon as chimerical. The King of I England'sl The Hvfrrv /* HudfonVBay. £nghnj''i AttibiifTador at Paris hearing what PropofaU they bad midf, irr gined be ftiould do his Country good Servic6 in engag>n% them to ferve the Englijh^ who had already prctcnct? to the Bay j fo he perfuaded them ♦o go for £,»«- don^ where they met with a tr :(ng thither in their Bark to trade, when the Indians belong, ing to King Cufcudtdah were gone a hunting, and there was no Fear of the Fort's being furprized. The Indians went to building their Wigwams near the Fort, and raifed their Waufcoheigein or Fort fo near the Englijh^ that the Palifadoes joined. One of thofc Barbarians being jealous of his Wife, and finding her in the Fort, pull- ed out a Hatchet which he had hidden under his Coat, and gave her a defperate Wound in the Head, but flie did not die of it. The Indian fearing the Governor wouid punifli him for flriking in the Fort, fled to the Woods. Upon which Mr. Baily ordered that no Indian but King Cufcudi- dah, and his chief Courtiers, (hould be admitted into the Fort, and a Watch was fet upon the Gate. As the Ice grew rotten and melted, th^ Indians who ven- tured fell frequently in, but they all fwam like Ducks, andfel- dom ornever were any of them drowned. The great Thaw began about the 20th of Jpril, and then all the Englijh having fpent their Beer and Winter-Liquor, returned to drinking of Water. Geefe and Swans were now to be had, and that fupplied in fome Meafure their Want of Provifion. The Governor having been cheated by the Indians at Point Comfort in his Moo/e Flejh, Went thither and obliged them to make Satif- fadion. On the 2oih of May 12 Indians^ Subjedts to KingCw/- cudidah came in fcven Canoo?:, and the King meeting them conduced them to the Fort, where they told him there would be few or no Upland Indians come to trade that Sea- fon, the French having perfuaded them to come to Canada : However Mr. Baily ordered the Sloop to be got ready, and refolved to go up the River. Upon the Arrival of this new Company, among whom was the King's Brother, a Feall was made, the Manner of which was this : They all fat down together, and one Man, a Kinfman of the King's, broke the Meat and Fat in fmall Pieces according to the Number of Men there. After a fhort Speech made by the King, the Subftance of which was, for them to take Courage againft their Enemies and Other Stories, the Company (houted, and then the Man who brol^e diilributed t|ie Meat about ra them, they crying, Obf The Hijiory of Hudfon'i-Bay. Oh ! Ho ! as much as to fay, / thank you. *Tis incredible to tell the Abundance of fat Beaver, Moofe FIcfli and Fat they eat, together with the Broth and Fat as black as Ink which they drink. Then every Man had a fmall Piece of Tilbacco diftributed to him, and they all fell to fmoking. Some afterwards danced, fome fung, and a. Man beat a Drum, which was a Skin put over a Kettle and laced a- thwart. They continue this commonly all Night, and when they go Home carry what Meat is left to .';eir Sqwaws, it being very rare for them to admit the Women to their Feafts. On the 22d of May^ the Indians at their Wigwams near the Fort, had a Pounvaw, or Sort of Conjuring, which is thus : There's a fmall Tower built with ff^th Stick about 3 Foot high, the Top being open, but the reft covered very clofc with Skins that none may fee into it. In the Night, the Man that Powwaws goes into the Tower, the reft fit nigh it, and ii> their Places ask him feveral Queftions, which in a Manner they know already ; as. When any Strangers will be here ? The Powwower guelTes at the Time, and anfwers accordingly. The Maneto or their God told them, the Nodways would come down upon them e're long, and ad- vifed them to be upon their Guard, as al(b againft the Mifii- goofes or Englijh. They Powwaiv often, and upon feveral Occafions. If it happens not as they exn^dted it would, then the Maneto is Muchocauwan or very bad, and if it falls out to their Defires, then Maneto is Moruchfice or good. When they kill a Moofe their Maneto is White and Quod. When they kill none then he is Black and Naught. They Powwaw very much when they celebrate any Marriages. Every Man has commonly two Wives whom they keep in great Subjedion, and make them do all Slavery , as draw Sledds, cut Wood, make Fires, and drefs Moofe tildes. The Men only hunt, and kill the Game : The Women fetcW the Beaft that is killed, and take Care to prefer ve the Flefli. The next Day the Governor and fome EngUjh and Indians armed, went down to the Bottom of the Bay to Frenchmen: River to feek for the Nodways^ but could met with none. At the latter End of May the Gte^e go to the Northward to breed. On the 27th, about 50 Men, Women and Chil- dren came in 22 Canoos to trade, but brought little or no Beaver with them. They were of the Nation called Pijh- hapacanoesy near a- kin to the EJkeimoes^ and both alike a poor beggarly People : By which we may pc. ':eive the French ran ftwav with the beftof the Trade. The SS3 i I ' I i! i'4''- li' J 54 ^e Hijlory o/'Hudfon'j-Bay. The Gvivernor having got every Thing ready for 9 Voyage to Moofe River, fent Capt. Goofeller^ Capr. Cole^ Mr. Qo my Author, and other Englijh Indians to trade there. They got about 250 Skins, and the Captain of the Tabittee Indians informed them, the French Jefuits had bribed the In- dians not to deal with the Englijh^ but to live in Friendfhlp with the Indian Nations in League with the French. He blamed the Englijh for trading with fuch pitiful Nations as the Cufcudidahs and Pijhhapocanoes^ advifing them to fettle at Moofe Sebee, and the Up/and Indians wculd come down- and trade with them. The Reafon they got no more Peltry now was, becaufc the Indians thought Goofelier was too hard for them, and few would come down to deal with him. My Author in this Voyage part by Rohinfon Ifland, Willoio Ifland, and faw feveral white Whales. The Musketoes are extremely troublefom in May and June^ efpecially after Rain$. The Nodways coming down within a Quarter of a Mile of the Fort, the Alarm was given the EngUfh and /«. diansy but the Enemy were afraid to come farther ; and Mr. Baily with a Party of both purfued them in their Retreat, but could not come oear enough to do any Execution. This Fright being over, Mr. Haily failed himfelf for Moft Sebee, and brought Home 1500 Skins ; iheShechitiawams^t^o Leagues from that River, having come to trade with him. By the 24th of June all the Indians had left their Wigwams near the Forr, and were gone abroad to hunt and trade, fome with the Englijh zxxd, feme by themfelves. The Governor undertook a Voyage to difcover Shechiita- warn River, and thence intended to coaft along to Port Nel- fon^ where as yet there was no Fort. In the mean Time Mr. Gsrji who was left Deputy at the Fort, fent a Yaul and four Men well armed, up the Nodways River, which as high as they could go for the Falls was 5 Miles broad, full of fmall Iflands and Rocks, in which Geefe breed. By the Beginning of Augujl^ the Englijh that remained at the Fort had almolt fpent all their Provilions, their Powder and Shot, and began to be in mortal dread of ftarving. They killed Ducks, Teal and Plover, and forae of them were al- ways out, for their Lives depended upon it. After about two Months Voyage Mr. Baily returned, and gave this Account of his Voyage in the Sloop. Or. the i6th of July he failed from Moofe River, and arrived at Shecbitta- m;^ot River on the i8th, where no Englifjman had been be- fore. Heftaid there till the 21ft, ,but could meet with little or no Beaver. 'Tis 7be HiJIory of Hudfon'^-Bay. Tis % fine River, and a good Channel to the N. W. in 52 Deg. N. L. He treated with the King, and his Son made them a Promife to come with a Ship and trade with them the next Year. In return, they aflurcd him they would provide Store of Beaver, and bring the Upland Indians down. The2ift he fet fail towards Cape Henrietta Maria ^ and faw a great Ifland ftretching N. N. W. and S. S. E. diftant about 14 Leagues from the Mouth of Shechittawam River. The Ifland being two Days Jdumey in Circumference Indian Padling, which they account to be 30 Leagues, it was named yiner*$ Ifland. The 23d upon a Point, as he and his Crew were failing alongshore, they fpied a great Smoke; they flood in for it, and found feven diftrefled Indians there. This Point Jay in 52 Deg. 40 Min. The Governor took them in, and gave them Paflage to a fmall River called Equon, 1 00 Leagues to the Southward of it, where they law the Bodies of fome Indians dead on the Ground. There had been a grent Mor- taliry among them, and feveral were ftarved to Death for Want of Food j this Country being fuch a miferable Wil- derne(s, that it affords not fufficient Suftenance for the wretched Inhabitants. On the 27 th of July^ the Sloop ran upon Ice and like to have foundp»-ed. Their Pilot was a JVaJhahoe or Jslew Se- vern Indian, and it was reported, that he had two Rows of Teeth ; but he hated fo much to fee the Compafs, that he was very troublefom to the Crew, fo the Governor ordered him to be put afliore. The Indians on New Severn River areas poor as the EJkei- moes, and indeed all the Northward Indians are more b^- garly and brutal than the Southward. The Governor under- Itanding by fome JVaJkahoe Indians there was no Beaver to be had, and that the Sea beyond the Cape was full of Ice, rc- folved to return, neither he nor Ivis Company having eatei! any Thing in two Days, but a few fodden Peafe and Oat- Meal. In their Return they were forced afliore upon Charlton Ifland, where they lay two or three Days in Diltrefs, and at laft got off with the Lofs of f<-veral Neceflaries. After he had returned to the Fort on the 30th of Augujl^ a Canoo arrived at Rupert's River with a Miflionary Jefuit, a French- man born of EngUJh Parents, attended by one of Cufcudi- dab's Family, a young Indian. The Frier brought a Letter to Mr. Baily from the Governor of ^cbec^ dated the 6th of O£loher 1^73. For the Prieft: fliould have been at Ru- ptn\ River fc.eral Months before, but that he was ftopp'^d by i^l w ! ^^6 " The Hi/lory of HudCon's Bay. by thr hfiions. The Governor of ^ibec deHred Mr. Biiilv to trcir ihc Jefiiit civilly, on Account of the great Aniitv between rhc two Cro\^'ns ; and Mr. Bat iy refoWed to keep the jefuit till Ships came from England. He brought a Letter alfo for Ctpt. Goofeller^ which gave Jeaioufy to the Englijh of his correfponding with the French ; his Son-in-law lived at ^uebec^ and had accompanied the Prieft part of his Way with three other Frenchmen, who be- ing afraid to venture among flrange Indians returned. The Tabitte Indians being within the Hudfon'^ Bay Com- pany Patent, it was an Encroachment for the French to trade with them, the Jefuit confeffed they did. Mr. Boily clothed him, the Indians having robbed him, and entertained him with great Kindnefs. The Prieft refolvlng to return to Europe in an Englijh Ship, did not like another Journey of 400 Miles Length, through many barbarous Nations over Land, and a Country almoft impaffable. The Englijh were frequently alarmed with Reports of In- curfions from the Nodways and JHoofe River Indians^ whofe Quarrel with him was their felling too dear. The Governor to prevent being furpriz«ed, ordered all their Merchandize to be put aboard a Bark that was left with them, and went to Hlh and fowl at Peter's River ; but got little P'owl, and their lifliing Tackle began to want Supplies. 'Twas now the nth of September^ and folong had thefe poor Men lived in this Defert, holding a precarious Being by their Guns and fifliing Tackle. Their Patience was at laft fpcnt, and the Governor declared if he did not hear from England in three Days Time, he would return Home aboard the before- mentioned Bark. On the 17th they were all to depart for Point Comfort^ to ftay there till the 2 2d, and then make the beft of their Way for England. For later than the 2 2d of September ^ no Ships had ever arrived : All the Flower and Bread they had let:, did not make above 3 00 Pound. They had but two Barrels of goodPeafe and 30 Gtck in Pickle, to vidlual their Bark with for their Voyage; and having but a very little Powder in the Score-houfe, they defpaired of killing much more Game. in this deplorable Condition were they, when the Jefuit, Capr. Gooplier, and another Papift, walking downwards to the Sea-fide at their Devotion, heard feven great Guns fire diftintftly. They came Home in a Tranfport of Joy, told their Companions the News, and affured them it was true. Upon which they Hred three great Guns from the Fort to re- turn the Salute, though they could ill fpare the Powder upon fuch an Uncertainty. The r* The Hlflory of Hudfon'i-Bay. SS7 The next Day an ludian came, and gave them Notice that he had heard great Guns lall Night at Atujawyem^ or foint Comfort. Their Sloop was then at the Point, and tbcy expeded every Minute to have the News confirmed. Olio may imagine with what Impatience they waited. The Day v/as well nigh fpent and no bloop come, which threw than all into Defpair. In the Evening the Sloop appeared in the River, but having no Enlign our, they concluded they were all loft Men, and in this Extremity of Sorrow they were foon revived by the Sight of five EngliJImen, whom they had not feen before, and from whom they underftood the Prince Rupert., Capt. G'tllam Commander, was arrived, with the new Governor jyUliam Lyddaly Efqj William The next Day the old Governor and Mr. Gorji failed fot Lyddai E/^j Point Comfort^ where the Shaft dmry^ Capt. Shepherd Com- ^''*«''««''- mander, arrived alfo from England. And the new Gover- nor's Commiflion and Inftrudtions being read, all Hands fee to work to refit and load the Ships Home as foon aspofliWe. On the 1 8th of September Mr. Lyddal landed, and took Poffeffion of the Fort, the Colours flying, and Guns firing to falutc him. Mr Baily delivered him the Patent, and after that he was no more called Governor. Mr. Lyddal finding the Sealbn would be fofar fpent before the Ships could be unloaden and loaden again, that it would be impradticable to return; after feveral Councils it wasrefolved, they (hould winter at Rupert's River, and Capt. Gil/am and Capt. Shepherd' s^hips Oews v/ere employed to cut Timber to build Houfes ibr them, as aHb a Brew-houfe and Bake-houfe in the Fort. The Provifions they brought, fell very fliort of the Com- plement of Men that were to be fed by them. They had 30 Men to feed in the Fort and in the Houfes, and but ten Months Bread for them of five Pound of Flower a Head weekly, which was not enough to laft them all the Winter at Land, and vidual their Ships too. Mr. Gorjf, who was their Store-keeper, foon brought them to Ihort Allowance to husband their Store, and Mr. Lyddal ordered they ihould have full Allowance, faying. If wejiarve we will Jiarve all together. By this Means ihey were reduced to great Straits, and forced to pinch harder than they needed have done, had they been good Husbands of their Bread at firft. Such was the State of this Infant Settlement, and it has not mended much lince, for Want and Cold have every Year endangered the Lives of all that have been there. y\\ 3 Before 5S8 '•, I, John Nix- on, EJ^i Ctvcrntr. the Hiftory c/'Hudfon*j-Bay. Before we proceed in our Hiftory, we (hall communicate to the Reader a fmail Di(5bionary of the Language of the Indians at the Bottom of the Bay, which is like the reft diftinguifhed by feveral Dialedts, but this is the Cu/cudidah's, Jrakana^ Bread. Ajianty Come hither. Jjfmney Shot. Jpit, aFire-fteel. Jlrrtmitogify, to fpeak. jtNotchy prefently. Chickahigon^ a Hatchet. E/koriy a Chiflel. Manitowhigin, a Red -Coat. Metusy Stockings. Moktman^ Knives. ^«/^^'°f J Powder. Mekijhy Beads. Mou/iodawbijh, a Flint. Nc mun-ntfs e to ta^ i do not underftand you. OwmOy this. Pijhjhijh, a little Thing. Pajhfigon^ a Gun. Pi/hjigon a hijh, a Piftol. Pihicktmany a Jack- Knife. Petta a Jhum, t, give me a Piece. Pc quijh a con Gau Mowon^ I eat fome Pudding. Spog. m, a Pipe. Stennoy /', Tobacco. Soth. im, m. Red-Lead. Shekahoon^ a Comb, Taneyy Where. Tinejonec. ifo^ what do you call this ? Tequan^ What do you fay ? Tapoy^ that true. Though with this I muft leave my Journal, from other good Memoirs! fhall continue the Hiftory. Mr. Ba'tly who had very well discharged hisTruft, return- ing to Englmdy informed the Company fully of their Affairs j and now as they advanced in Reputation, fo they were in- duftrious to encreafe their Trade and Settlements. They appointed a Trader to a<5t under the Governor and Chiefs of the Fadlories at other Rivers, according as they were fettled. Port Ndfon was the next Settlement which they made, and thither they fent John Bridger^ Efqj with the Character of Governor for the HudJon%-Bay Company of the IVtJl Main from Cape Henrietta Maria, which was included in the Governor of the Eaji Main's Patent. Mr. Lyddaiwis ucceedcd by John Nixan, Efq; in whofe Time the Company thought of removing their chief Fadlory from Rupert's River to Chtti^wan River, as the Place moft reforted to by the InJians. Charlton Ifland vras now frequented by the Ships bound to Hudfon*%'Bay, and made the Place of Rendezvous for all the Fadors to brmg their Merrhaadife to, and load it there aboard the Company's Ship, 3 . '.'' J ' In al, from other the Hijlory of Hudfon'j-Bay: j^^ In the Year 1682, Mr. BrUger embarked for Port Nelfotty Johnnr.a- wherc aFadtory was to be eftabliflicd and a Fort built; but*^"' ^ft^ before he arrived, Capt. Benjamin Gillam Mafter of a New-^lrlm-^ England Shipy and Son of C^pt. Gillam Commander of the fun. Prince Rupert then in the Company's Service, fettled at that Fadtory ; but had not been there above 14. Days, before Mr. Radijfon and Capt. Goofelier^ who had dcfertcd the £«- gl'tjhy arrived from Canada. The Company having difmifled them their Service, thefe two Frenchmen in Revenge procured fome Merchants of Canada to undertake a Settlement there. Gillam was not ftrong enough to repel them, but he remained at Port Ntlfon^ where 10 Days after RadiJJon and Goofeliers Arrival came Mr. Bridger. The French no fooner perceived he was come, but they fent aboard his Ship immediately, and commanded him to be gone, for that Mr. Raddifon and Capt. Goofelier had taken Foirelfion of the Place for the French King their Mafter. Mr. Bridger being warranted fo to do by the Company's CommiflTion unloaded fome of his Goods, and with all Hands went to Work, in order to make a Settlement. Raddifon continued at Port Nel/hn^ and Mr. Bridger and he became very intimate: Which Intimacy laded from 0£fo» her 1682, to the February following, when Raddifon feized B'idger and Gillam with all their People and EfFedls. Having kept them fome Months m a Sort of Imprifon- menr, about Augujl the French pu.t feveral of the Company's and Gillanh People aboard a rotten Bark, and they were taken up by an Englijh iihip near Cape Henrietta Maria. Bridger and Gillam they carried with them to Canada, where Raddifon and Goofelier ran fome of their Cargo artiore, in- tending to defraud their Em^'luyers. After which they mad' thrir Efcape and got into France. The Company having N\mc^ of it writ to him, znd he to the Company, promiiinig i' they would forgive the Injury he had done them, and ctcnpioy him again at fuch a Salary, he would undertake to deliver the French whom he had left there till he came i^am to them, and feize all the Furs'they had traded for, which would make them Satisfadion for the Wrongs he had done them. Accordingly they forgave him, employed him again, and he took Port Nelfon from his Countrymen. But before his Arrival Capt. John Abraham had been there with Supplies of Scores ; and finding Mr. J°Jj^" ^J''*" Bridget was gone be ftaid himfelf, and was continued Go*- oZlrmr^f vernor by the Company in 1684. Port Neu m i 'ill I) j6o 7&e Hlfiory Y HudMs-'Bzy. In the preceding Year, Mr. Nixon Governor of Rupirh Henry Scr- Rivcr was recalled, and Henry Sergeant^ Efq; made Gover- geant, £/?;nor. By whofe Inftrudions we find the chief Fadlory was Ge*"'"'"" "/removed from Rupert*s to Moofe-Sebee^ or Chickewan River, Albany ^"^j^j^j^ ^as ever fince been called Albany River ^ where a Fort was built, a Fadtory fettled, and the Governor made it the Place of his Refidence. Tis at the Bottom of the Bay be- low Rupert's River. He was ordered to come every Spring as foon as the Trade was over to Charlton Ifland, and bring what Goods he had with him, to wait for the Arrival of the Company's Ships: From thence he was to vifit the other FaiStories, and fee that their Merchandize was fent in due Time to Charlton Ifland, to attend the Ships Arrival. The Governor of Canada having given the Hud/on's-Bay Company to underftand, the French were very much offended at their Difcoveries in thefe Parts, Mr. Sergeant was ordered to be careful that he was not furprized by them. There is an Ifland in the Bottom ot the Bay called Hay'^s Ifland, where a Factory had been fettled. This Ifle and Ru- pert* s were near tht French^ Albany being more to the South- ward, and of thefe Factories the Company were moft appre* heniive that their Enemies would endeavour to difpoflefs them. We perceive by thefe Inftrudlions, that their Servants in the Bay had been very unfaithful to them, and Interlopers in* vaded their Privileges. They appointed Mr. Hugh l^erner to be Chief at Rupert's River, and Mr. George Geyer and Mr. Thomas Savage to be chief Managers at the Ifinglafs River, which had been lately difcovered i and there were great Expedtations of a mighty Advantage to the Company by that Difcovery, but it came to nothing though there was a Fadtory fettled there in order to promote it. The Company intended to plant a Colony at Charlton Ifland, and ordered Mr. Sergeant to build a Fort there, and always keep fome Men upon it. Warehoufes were alfo built to receive the Furs that were brought thither from the Fac- tories, and Conveniencies were made for the Reception of fuch as were obliged to winter there. The Company always enjoined their Governors to endeavour to fave the great Charge they were at in (ending conftant Supplies of Pro- viflons, by planting Corn and other Grain there. But alas! Though the Climate by its Diihnce from the Sun fliould be as warm as ours, yet for Reafons which the Naturalifls will eafily give us, it is fo cold and frofly that it kills almofl all Sorts of Roots in the Ground which are fown there ^ and thole Plantations fo often recommended by the Company, Were chimerical and impracticable. Orders A\ The Hijiory of Hudfon*i-Bayj Orders were alfo given todifmifs Capt. Gillam their Ser- vice for his Son's Offences, and Capt. Sandford had the fame Ufage, on Account of his Relation to the Gillams j for there*s nothing fo terrible to a Monopo]i2.er, as an inter- loper. Capt. JVilliam Bond, who had been under Mr. Baifyj, was fent for Home, and other Regulations made in the Mana*gement of Affairs : But all could hot hinder the Jluin of them all by the Enemy. The Company, by their Govemdrs and Agents, made fuch Compads with the Captains or Kihgs of the Rivers and Territories where they had Settlemehts, for the Freedom of Trade there, excludve of all others, that the Indians could not pretend they had encroached upon them. Thefe Compacts were as firm as the Indians could make them, by fuch Ceremonies as were mofl facred and obligatory among them. Now were the Company in PofTefHon of five Settlemerit^, viz. Albany River, Hayei Ifland, Rupert River, Port Nel- fon^ and New Severn. Their Trade at each of them was confiderable. From Albany River they had generally 3500 Beavers a Year, and by Mr. Sergeant's great Care and Fide- lity, their Commerce encreafed fo much, that the French be- gan to be afraid all the Upland Indians might be drawn down to the Bay. They knew they could do any Thing with King James II. who then reigned in England^ and that ho Affront would makeihat Prince break with Lewis i\\G XlVth. Wherefore they refolved to drive the Englijh out of all theit Places in the Bottom of the Bay. Firfl they took Hayes Ifland, and then the Fort on Rupert*s River. The French Company at Canada procured a Detachment of Soldiers to be fent under the Chevalier de Trcyes, who came over Land from ^ebec^ and in a Time of profound Peace committed thefe Ads of Hoflility. Tis worth obferting that the French have fo good an O- piniQn of their American Colonies, as to take not only alt lawful, but even unlawful Means to preferve and enlarga them, as contemptible as they are in vhemfelves j whereai the Englijh, who next the Spaniards have the richefl Planta- tions in that Part of the World, have been as negligent of them as if they were not worth keeping. The 8th of July i6%6, the Chevalier de Troyes catnc be- fore the Fort at Albany River, where the Governor Mr. Sergeant then refided. Two Indians had informed him of their having furprized the Forts at Hayes Ifland and Rupert River, and bad brought with them the grtat Cuos from tbofe Places. Co ^ Tw« 561 fH 1: f Two Hours after, the kngtift) Heard thetti difcft^e their Guns, and faw fome bf them at a Diftatice. U^n which Part of the Company's Servants diedared, they would not vemure their Lives, vnleft they mi|;ht be iaitbred of Pay, and fent Johtt Parfinsy and John Garret ^ two of their Num- ber, in all their Namei, to the Governor, to teirhim^their Refolutions. Mr. Serjeant, by Pl-omifes and giving them Clothes and other Neceflaries, prevailed with them to return to their Charge : But in a Day or two they mutinied again, and Elias Turner, the Cunner, j)ofle(s'd the People With an Apprehenfion^ that it was impomWe to hold but the Place; declaring, that for his Part he would throw himfelf on the French, Accordingly he went ^o the Gtivernor, and de- fired Leave To to do^ but being tht^tfied to be (hot to Death, in cafe he attempted it, he Was at lift perftiaded to return to his Poft. ,-: ,, ^ 1 i \ •/. '^i ,'"* The Engtijh (hot at \%eFrencW as' Ion| as they ab^caVed in the Brujhesy and forced them to retire under tne Banks, where the Guns from the Fort tould ttot hit them. The French (hot only at the Engli/h with fmall Shot, as any of them appeared upon the Flankers. When they had retired under the Banks, they fet to Work to entrench themfelves, and caft up a great Rank of parth, which cover*d them {q^ that the Englijh could do no Executiorl Upon them. The Governor all this while imagined the Enemy was only raifing a Bank to fecure themfelves from the Shot of the Fort y but afterwards he perceived they \yere pre- paring a Battery, and theh he commanded the Guns of the Fort to tire upon them inctfl&ntly,, which however did them DO Hurt. Frederic Johnfen^ who officiated as Gunner, on Turner's * fefufing to ad, advifed Mr. Sergeant not to /hOot ^way the Remainder of the great Shot in the Fort, there being not above a Round more ; and he fuppofed the French muft have brought their Guns by Water, if (Oy he hoped to fink their iBoats, which would haye done more Service than firing upon their; Entrenchments. But the /VW; hai found a Way to bring their great Guns through the Wopds, aod had planted them on their Battery, before the Englijh jvnj them. The Governor fent out Francis Cave and ^ohn Jl^ichem, to (ce if they could ohferve the, Pofture pf their Enemies, and the $pie$, brougjht Word, that they had finim'd their Battery, aiid mounted their Guns, which they faw them This 10 aimearten*d the Feopie, that auemDTirtg themfelves tpg^her, they agreed to depute che, moft confiderable among I tbem ne Htftory of HudfonV-Bay. them to go to the Governor, and in their Names prefe him to make the beft Terms he couJd, and Airrender the Fort. Accordingly, Edward Co/es, Philip Sccvell, Hugh Mitfhtlj Pt^illiam Arring^oHy IViiliam Holder^ John Stephens^ and others, came to Mr. Serseant^ and declared they would ftand by nim no longer i alledging, 'tW4s in vain to think they Oioyld be able to hoW out. Tlcy added, if any one ot them (KoyJd lore a Leg or an Arm, or be kill'd, they had reafon to doubt whether the Company wuuid take Care of them, fhcir Wives, or Children, inftaricing the Cafe oF one Coleburvy wherefore they depoaxidcd of him to capitulate. In the mean time the French fired gpon the Flankers^ and the ^/7^% whatever the Governor comnnanded them to the contrary, abandoned their Polls. He refufed to beat a Parley, aod threaten'd thofe that would not do their Duty. The Enemy's Shot had m.ade a Breach in the Flankers, and damaged theHoufes in the Fort. Upon which, and the re- peated Dei^es of the Men, who faid, The Tear would he fo far j^ent^ that theyi tmld not hope to get home, but muji hi flq,r^ed, t£the ^fi£fory Jhoijld he taken^ the Governor confent- cd to a Parley j Mr. Bridger afifuring him the Enemy were mining them, and they fhould certainly be blown up. dgtfOutJajfi alCo agreed to capitulate, and the white Flag wash^pgjOut> !Aft|8r which a Treaty was concluded, and is as Ito^'*' ARTICLES agreed upon between the Chevalier de Tr^j, Commander \n. Chief of the Detach-; ment of the North-fVeft, for the French Company at Cuneda j and Henry Serjeant, Efqv Governor for the Englijh Oonp^pany at Hudfon's-Bay, July i6^ 563 It t\ .*! '< ■ > Af!oi^' bnn biJBil ?iri '^r VI. That all the 5/or^Ab<^« >5^i4tf *ij'/»r/f'? bjj;"rf«/"rt^ Keys delivered to the faid Chevalier de Troyes'j Lieufenant ; ihat nothing may k; in the faid Stoi'i-houfis smbeasiltdHU the Accmnt he taken^ according to tht firfl AticUx^^^ inai 3d n iu: Laftly, that the Governor 'diid'L.Tfhi€h^n^*pS^vattts : ■ ■ at Albany River Jha\l come out tf thi Forty ' ahd deiiver h up 't ... to the faid Chevalier deTroyesj all Men, the Gmemor and \. his Son excepted^ being without Arms, which is io bi forth- tOith.:' ■' ■^''"- ■ '■■■ ' » K. •■■'■• -T • iriMMw-'^-ff >i;w ^^)\d ,VV,\VJ^ y': '' '' ■ ' '' ■' ■ ^ - -.', •■' t^r>f''•(■r}V^'^) ■•'' Accordingly the Fort was furroidCT*d; bat^thd f>v«M made no Scruple to break fo much of the Articles^ as they could get any thing by; for they plunder'd Mr. Berjaant of ail his Goods, and fent him and his Family away in a very ordinary Bark, ill fupplied with Provifions^ fuch is the Honour of that Nation. ' The Company, notwitbftanding it appean very plain, by the above-mentioned Account, which was fworil to before ^ Samuel Kicki, £i^; a Mafter in Chancery, that the Go- yernor ^d 4JI he could to defend the Fort^ ufed himj at ills Return^ to £']i^A»vi^, as barbaroufly almoft as cliei^^r^ had done ; but his Majefly was pleafed to take him into his Service, which was the bm JuftificaiiOA of iiis Condu£t. Thomas At mls time, Thomas Phtpe^ £1^ was Gov^mo^ oi Pm- phipi, E/^; Nelfim, wbi^h was ribt then talccA^ t^ the /VMf6^ and die inl'mim C^n^p^^y expe6M Fi)rhMa^y H?piiW h«v ""'them in Ktng jTtf »fr/s dine ibut'^lilwi^ ^^ere io vain- and ill deiS^tdemems^ tlfty^liad, Fort- ■'■" ' - . - iselfon JS^^» eiwepred, ^ere abandoned tb th^ FrmcK King JViiiidrtii^^m biiDccUratkjn of War againft the French King, takes this particular Nocice of de Troyes's invading Hudfon^s- Bayy' aBdideftjfCQ'iogthe Sngt/Jh Factories there, as thb French IfiacJ d^ne ill other Places. . Bui thgt the French Klngfi>ouli invAde^t^ Gh&ribbee Iflands, and popjs him/elf of our Ter- ritories of the Province of New- York and Hud/bn'i-Bay, in a hlf/fiU"^ Manner, feizing our Forts, burning our SuhjeSis Ships, and enriching his People with the Spoil of their Goads and Merchandizes, detaining fame of our Subjeffs under the Hardjhip of IrAprifonment, caujing others '" he inhumanly kill'd, and driving the refl to Sea in a fmall Veffel, are Anions not heioming even an Enemy y and yet he was Jo far from declaring himfelffo^ that at that, very time he was negotiating here in Engliifld by hit Minijiers a Treaty of Neutrality and good Cor- refpmdence in America. Such was King William^ Judgment of his Fraud and Violence, which his Predeceflbr, with an unj" italleFd Coroj>lacency, excufed. v7i'Je War breaking out, as has been faid, between the twoNacions> the Hudjot(srBay Company folicited for Soldiers to be fent thither to recover their Sectlements; and in the Year 1695, they retook all the Forts and Factories, which the iPr*«<^;^ had taken ftom them in time of Peace. In< which Expedition they met with no more Difficulties John than the Chevalier ettlements it^ the Bc^ttctoi of (hie 6ayw -i> i 'mtH* rr, -^^ i„r,f,:' \iV\» French Company made Monfieur de la Fores Gover- nor; of Fort i/Z/iw/i)',; and gar rifon'd all the Forts they had taken ; which made it neceflary for the Government to , fend ft;ftrongcr.i^wer tfew.,^*^ Cpmpany, could ^aife to - OXhic Klag of En^hndy to proted thoir Trade, affigrtcd them! t WO' Men of War for their Service in the Year i6i)(y, m^cBonfivtnturi, Capt. Mlin ComiDaoder, and the Sia- ford*. :\:\\^- y': . , . ■ , •--s^ Okpt. ^MtM conjing into the River Hayes, fent- to fummon all the Foit» to furjendcr \ and the French Governor finding . . „ . he could nor defenfd tlKdai againft the F^nglifhy capiiuldled,. >, ., .« and dti the- 4d ^ i^#i^, i<^9iV',ii\ ■-.„>■ , ■> '■,..' M to the other two Forts,' tney follow*d'thtf F^if^'&lF///- bany^ and Mr. Knight was reftored to his Government. At John which time John Geyer^ Efq; was Governor of Pott Nelfon, Gcyer, Eftji jvif. Knight had ferved Mr. Serjeant, while he Nyas Governor jrrTSun.of Fort Many, and was well acquainted with the Trade. In the Year i6gy, the Hampjhire Frigat, and Owners Love Fire-fliip, two of the King's Ships, were loft in this Bay, and all the Men drowned. Indeed the Ice renders it fo dangerous, that the Commerce feeins not to be w;orth the Ri^k that is run for it. Whether thofe; two Ships tan againd thofe frozen Mountains that float in that Sea, or founder'd, is^ not known; but 'tis certain they were loft, and that all the Men perifli'd. The Trade to this Bay has decreafed ever fincc the Ufe of Beaver^ ha§ fallen off in England. Peltry ia not now the Commodity it was, and this Company, of Confequence, does Qpt mvffi the Figure they did 13 or 14 Years ago. In the prefent War, they loft Port Nelfon }o the french-^ and have either given up or deferred all their Settlements, except Frrc Albany, where Mr. Knight managed their Af- fairs till the Year 179^, when he was fuccecded by Jc/^w FulUrton^ Efq; the prefent Governor at Albany River. Notwicbftaoding the prelTing Ipftance I made to the concerned in the Hud fan's- Bay Trade for Information to continue the Account of it down to this tHne ; it not be- ing yet come (o Hand, I s^jfa obliged tp^ be ihorc therein- though The mp^fhf rtudfon'^Bdyi'vt- - ' • tKough I wa« very defirous to have enlarged a litrie upon k^' on Account of the prefent Revival of the Fur-Trade i but ^ muft content myfelf with adding only, that the Company'!^' Factories and Fonifications, wMch the Frenth had taken,J^ were reftored to thetti by the Peace of Utrecht in the fol-''' lowing Articles. ' ,, ' ' "^ Article X. The fatci'"Moft Chrijiian Kiti^/hati reflore to the J^ingdom and ^een of Great Britain, to be pojfefi'd in ^ full Right for every the Bay and Streights of Hudfon, toge" ther with all Landsy Seas^ Sea-Coajis^ Rivers and Places fituate in the fat d Bay and Streights, and which belong there- tOy no TraSls of Land or Sea being excepted^ which are at fre-' fent p0efsd by the SubjeSis of France. Allwhkh^ as well as any Buildings there made, in the Condition they now are, and likewife all Fortrejfes there ereSfed^ either before or fnce the French felled the fame^ Jhally within fx Months from the R^'if cation of the prefent Treaty ^ or fooner if pojfible^ be well and truly delivered to the Britith SubjeSls^ having Commijjion from the ^een of Great Britain to demand and receive the fame^ intire andundemolijhedy together with all the Cannon and Cannon-Ball which are therein^ as alfo with a ^antity of Powder^ if it be there found, in Proportion to the Cannon- Ballf and with the other Provifim of War ufually belonging to Cannon. It is however provided, that it may be entirely free for the Company a/* Quebec, and all other SubjeSfs ofthi Moji Chri/iian King whatfoever, to go by Land or by Sea^ whitherfoever they pleafe, out of the Lands (/f the faid Bay, to- gether with all their Goodsy Merchandizes, Arms and Effe^s^ of what Nature or Conditionfoever, except fuch things as abovi referved in this Article, &c. Article XI. The above-mentioned Moft Chriftian Kingjhatt take Care that Satisfadfion be given, according to the Rule bf Jufiice and Equity, to the EngliHi Company, Traders to the Bay c/*Hud(bn, for all Damage and Spoil done to their Colo' nies, Shipsy Perfons and Goods, by the hofiile Incurfions and Depredations of the French in time of Peace, an Efiimitti to be made thereof by Commi/fari's to be named at the Rgdu^ioH of euQ^ Party, W» \, , , it -J '! br M^ViiT >,.*ii A 'V ■«..>JrJ.*.>;Ji '■^.\. J1 It V. V'l ■ Ju fht'End of the First Volumb, • O rW M\ ti i;!i;i • '^A ri*^; ■iLrn.M'.' ,bai.ii Jirno . 1:1^ .^- 567 l,m^r^in -pujtk- Lane, I.>TpHE MoJim Navigatot's Couapleat Tutor: or • Trcatife JL of the whole Art of Navigation in iti Theory and PlraAice. Containing, i . Domeftick or Coafting Navigation, fundry Notes of the Moon*s Motions, Calendar, Tides, &c. z. Thfioretical Navigation, by various Methods^ viz. Geoni|BtriciU, JLogarith- metical, Tabukr, and by the Pea onK- (without Tables or Jnftru- ments.) Together with Pra^cal Aurpiaomy, the Defcripticn, Conltru^lion, and Ufe of the Plain and Merca tor's Charts, and other Nautical Idlruments, y^c. 3. PraAical Navieation ; the Application of the Theory to Praftice, in keeping a Sea- Journal, the working a Day*s Log at Sea, in all Cafes whatever (with ra- tivcrs Other thinu both curious and ufeful in this Art. Part I. the Se- cond Edition enlarged. By y^^ JSur/i^, Mariner, and Teacher of the Mathematicks. II. The Pilgrim's PRocaBsi from this World to that which Is to come. Delivered under the SimiUtude of a Dream. -Where- in is difcover*d, i. The Manner of his ietting out. a. His dan- gerous Journey. And 3. His fafe Arrival at the defired Country. Written ktyJohnBuityan, The Sec(»id Edition, beaatifdUy printed in one Volume, Oaato, adorned with Tweaty-twoCppper^plates, !CU|riou% -engraven by Mr..fi/#r/. .,-,7 ■Vf. ..Jv-.i ^^L^^. BOOKS printed for C. Hitch in Pattr'N^lir-^knv, I.'-pHE Method of Teaching and Studying the BttUs %eitres ; '' X or. An Introduction to Languages, Poetry, Rhetoric, Hi- ftoiy. Moral Philofophy, Phyfick, ^c, with Reflexions on Tafte, )khd Inll:ru£lions with r^ard to the Eloquence of the Pulpit, the ^^r, and the .cage. The WholeUluftrated with Faf&ges from ^ the moft famous Poets and CtotDts, anc»nt and nBodcrB,\ with ' (Critical Remarks oa. them. Deftgned< rooce partictth|i!ly;|iDr Stu- dents in the Univerfities. By Mr. RQJLLIN, Me JBiincipal of the Univerfity of Paru, now Profefior of £|ioqt)0ip^,^m the JRoyal College, aad Member of the Royal Academy of l^fcrip- ^ Itionsand BtUts Lettres. Tranflated &om tHe Trench. In 4 Vols. ' Hvo. Price 1 /. II. I. An Anfwer to a late Book, intitled, Chrifli^ity as old , as the Creation, in feveral Conferences. In 3 Purts, Price %t. 6d. 2. An EfTay on Government. Pricew.6r : or • Trcatife (ory and PraAice. ion, fundry l^otes 2. TWor«tical stric^l, jUogatith- TaUes orlnllru- the Defcription, itor's Charts, and Navigation; the tig a Sea- Journal, ^katerer (with Ta- per, and pnt^ical )ly and plainly de- ctant. To which Aftronomicil, for Appendix, tpuch- tion; with divers Part I. the Se- iner, and Teacher rid to that which I ]>ean>. Where- out. ■%. His dan- e defiired Country. beaatifuUy printed two Cppper^plates, the JBeilgs Xeitres ; ;ry, Rhetoric, Hi- efleftionaoriTafte, of the Ptilpit, the mth Paf&ges from »nd modern, with articularly lor Stu- [ N, late JRfincipal ■ E^oqtvijj|fe,.m the adejny of \|pfcrip- ^rench\ In 4 Vols. Chrifti^nity as old 'arts. Price %t, td. (. •"iF^^TT'y s ifi^, 1726. In d*sSE^pi^.pr. 6d. made jj^in to the indred tx> thpfe who ;ndary of Sarum. ^r* ■i-W. [klttftu^t.. „^.™^^ J.