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II:

:*j:.

,y-

•• I i ill

1 'I'l

•-•I

■i jJ

tAt

II:

\6o x^tf %i« *^^l

The H
Settle!

BRI

Continen

Being an Ac

Newfoundlj
New-Engla
New-Scotla
New-York,

Secon d

With the Con
the State and
to the prefei
MARKS,
Improvemeni

Printed for J.
A. Ward,
j. oseouri
Saundsrs^

i*»

The Britifh Empire

I N

AMERICA.

CONTAINING

The HISTORY of the Difcovery,
Settlement, Progrefs and State of the

BRITISH COLONIES

ON T H E

Continent and Iflands of A M E R I C A.

k-'''

I? '

VOL. I.

Being an A c c o u n t of the Country, Soil, Climate,
Produd: and Trade of

Newfoundland,
New-England,
New-Scotland,
New-York,

New- Jersey,
Pensylvania,
Maryland,
Virginia,

Carolina,

Georgia,

Hudson's-Bay.

Second Edition, Correded and Amended.

With the Continuation of the History, and the Variation in
the State and Trade of thofe Colonies, from the Year 1710
to the prefentTimc. Including OCCASIONAL RE-
MARKS, and the moft fealibie and ufeful Methods for their
Improvement and Security.

LONDON:

Printed for J. Brotherton, J. Clarke in Duck-Lane^
A. Ward, J. Clarke at the Royal-Exchange^ C. Hitch,
J. OsEouRN, E.Wicksteed, C. Bathurst, Timothy
Saundsrs, and Ta Harms. MDCCXLI.

■!,'•'

mma

Jon

,A.

jjLl j. .. .:I;;.'^^ij ,'C, ».< ■ ,

Dea

ccption i
ledge anc
guard hit
of comn
apt, eith(
to deal ur
in their w

It beh
good Secu
diclous P
that may
a Subject
from the
Lofs for 1
of your I
our Tim(
your Fri(
were not
Wafte.

Your c
Ifland of
portunitiei

T O

Jonathan Blenman, Efqj

Attorney-General of Barbados.

Dear Sir, ,

THERE can be no greater Pleafure
to a Writer, after he has with Care
and Pains finiihed a conliderable
Work, than in the favourable Re-
ception it meets with from Perfons of Know-
ledge and Judgment, which only can fufficiently
guard him againfl the ra(h and partial Cenfures
of common and curfory Readers, who are too
apt, either out of Vanity, Envy, or Prejudice,
to deal unmercifully with every thing that comes
in their way.

It behoves me, therefore, to bole out for
good Security in the candid Opinion of fome ju-
dicious Perfon to overbalance any PrepofTeflion
that may be conceived againft me for handling
a Subjedl at fo many thoufand Miles Diftance
from the Scenes of Action. I could be at no
Lofs for fuch a one, having had the Happincfs
of your Acquaintance for fo great a Length of
our Time, and fo long had the Pieafure of
your Friendfhip and Converfation, when we
were not divided by the dreadful Atlantic
Wafte.

Your eminent Station for many Years in the
Ifland of Barbados giving you all poflible Op-
portunities of knowing its State and Interefl, as

A 2 well

;i;

it'.

'»!([' ■i%l^

ii' Epijlle Dedicatory.

well as the Rights and Properties of the People,
and that Ifland being in a manner Queen of the
CharibbeeSy the Affairs of the Leeward and our
other Sugar Illands are fo near akin with thofc
of Barbados^ that every one will immediately
approve of the Choice I have made of your
Judgment, Candour and Friendfhip to protedt
me againft all malevolent Influences in this
Undertaking. The Application, Wifdom and
Integrity with which you explained and defend-
ed thofe Rights, foon acquired you the Love,
Efleem and Refpedt of the Inhabitants, and
you had a fair Promife of thefe delirable
things, by the Opinion conceived of you, even
before your firft Arrival on the Ifland -, nor did
you ill anfwer their Expedlations, but juflified
them by the noble Stand you made againft
Opprefllon, and afterwards carried their Com-
plaints to the Royal Prefence, at the Hazard
of your Life and your Fortune j and the Suc-
cefs you met with, in putting an End to that
Opprefllon, to the Shame and Confufion of
the Oppreflbr, could not but endear you to a
People whom you had fo faithfully and zeal-
oufly fervedj yet the Zeal, with which you
endeavoured to procure the Redrels of Grievances
in your own Colony, did not fuffer you to lofe
Sight of thofe Rights of the Crown, which arc
neceflary for its Peace, Security and Welfare.

But as I avoided enlarging on this Incident,
fo glorious to you, in the Body of the Hiftory
of Barbados^ becaufe I was jealous it might of-
fend your Moderation; I for the fame Reafon
fay no more of it in this Place. Tho* it could
not but determine me to deflre, that as you de- j
fended the Laws and Conflitution of Barbados^

you

you will p
Merits of
ancc in it
oficr you ti
hear from
that Iflanc
had I been
procure tin
Colonies, a
them all fli
My waiti
not the chi
preflion fo
publifh it al
Ablence frc
in a vexatio
as well as
Intereft of
and Welfar
well underf
promoting a
ble, that I
flon, the C
^orth in the
ble you with
But I canr
my Concern
fpe<a of the
them the PI
mong them
them, may
peared in t
Scarce was
Howe a moi
the Marks of
and Exprcffi(

Epijlle Dedicatory.

you will protc6t its Hiftory, at Icaft where the
Merits of the Caufc will warrant your Appear-
auce in it. Ami I am the more Encouraged to
offer you this Work, having had the Pleafuic to
hear from fevexal Hands, that the Hiftory of
that Ifland was approved on the Place, and
had I heen as fuccefsful in my Endeavours to
procure the like Helps for our other American
Colonies, as I have had for this, the Hiftory of
them all (hould have been as compleat.

My waiting for new Memoirs was one, though
not the chief Reafon of my deferring this Im-
preftion fo long, having been importuned to
publifti it above 25 Years ago; but my unhappy
Abfence from London for many of thofe Years
in a vexatious Office, put that out of my Head,
as well as other good things: Till now the
Intereft of Great Britain^ in the Prefervation
and Welfare of our American Colonies, is fo
well underftood, and the prefent Juncture for
promoting and fecuring that Intereft fo favoura-
ble, that I could no longer defer this Impref-
fion, the Contents of which being largely fet
forth in the following Sheets, I fhall not trou-
ble you with any more of it here.

But I cannot part with you without exprefling
my Concern, that the Love, Eftecm and Re-
fpe^ of the Barbadians will tempt you to give
them the Pleafure of having you once more a-
mong them ; and what Joy that would be to
them, may be conceived by the Grief that ap-
peared in the Inhabitants at your Departure.
Scarce was the Death of their beloved Lord
Howe a more fenfible Afflidion, and fcarce did
the Marks of it appear lefs, both in their Looks
and Exprcffions. Your Friends in England can

A3 . . have

Epiftle Dedicatorfy

have no Feeling of the Joy your Return would
give, but will be fenlible of the Grief the
parting with you threw them into 5 yet wc will
put off the Thoughts of it as long as we can,
if we may not for as long as you live; and
whether you arc in Barbados or Englandy I am
fure I (hall have the Happinefs to be, for my
own Length of Days,

i ■ I V •

:rs-: .:>

.' ■ ■ 11

■J J

.:■• .i».^'

i >

Dear Sir,

' • r

.s.

\ -■!

■.'T

Tour mofi affediionate Friend y

I. • .<

li!

- \ :.V V

And Obliged Humble Servant,

i- ,..'

)< "■

4 \ t

,t , ,•.!,. 6

■'■ '■':i ■•■•!.•

■ I

P R

H]
w
Pi

hoped, find fu

fure J and fuch

Mifinformatioi

a difficult Tasl

be to an Hiflc

Whatever p

of any one ol

Interefl and {

cxadl Hiftory

to be framed b

inevitably be g

for the Critic

therefore be (ai

in the Pkntati

ful, why has it

than the Wri

himfelf, own,

Work and knc

wonder ihey m

has found his

relating to the

People were fl

was worth tclli

Enough will ta

fently remembt

thor for Memoi

him, not to g

it would very v

In coUefting

with PerfoDs <

' -1

Vll

T HE

PREFACE.

HE Author is apprehenfive that this Undertaking

will meet with many Cenfures, raifed by the

Prejudice of fome Readers, and the Ignorance of

others. The Candid and Impartial will, 'tis

>7 hoped, find fufficient Memoirs to entertain them with Plea-

fure^ and fuch Faults as may have been committed through

Mifinformation, they will excufe, when they confider what

a difficult Task the Hiflory of the Britijh Weji-Indies muft

be to an Hiflorian that never was in America i

Whatever particular Accdunt has been, or might be giveti
of any one of our Colonies, 'tis impoffible, unlefs Men of
Interefl and Capacity would write it on the Spot, for an
cxaa Hiflory of all the Britijh Empire in the Weji-Indies
to be framed by one Man in America or Europe^ but he mufb
inevitably be gui}ty of Errors, which will find Mattei enough
for the Criticks to exercife their Ill-nature upon. It will
therefore be faid, fuch a Defign as this fhould be undertaken
in the Plantations ; and fince it is To reafonable and fo ufe^
ful, why has it not been done? There's none can tell better
than the Writer of this Hiftory, who mufl, in Jufticeto
himfelf, own, that though he believes all who look over his
Work and know any thipg of the SubjeiSl of it, will rather
wonder they meet with fo much, than fo little in it ; yet he
has found his Induilry to inform himfelf fully of all Fac^s
relating to the Coionies more unfuccefsful than he expeded.
People were fhy, and either did not think what they knew
was worth telling, or would not be at the Trouble to tell it.
Enough will take this Charge to themfelves, who will pre-
fently remember how much they were folicited by the Au-
thor for Memoirs, and how negligent they were in furnifhing
hiro, not to give their Negligence a harder Name, which
it would very well bear.

In coUeding thefc Materials, when he fometimes met
with Perfom of a communicative Temper, he duril not

A 4 depend

iim=

Instill P

<the P R E FA C E,

depend intirely on their Sincerity, for Intered always pre-
vails over it. Every Province was the beft, the moft ad-
vantageous, the moft inviting ; and if he did not give that
Account of it, the Hiftory would be worth nothing. All
thefe Perfons feem'd to take no Notice of the Hi/iorical
Events-^ thofe they ran over as flightly as if they had been
of lefs Moment than they are. Some would have had them
quite left out, and a Political Account only given of our
Plantations. Others, who were for keeping in a few, fiiU
enlarged on the Advantages of their refpedlive Settlements to
England^ the Fruitfiilnefs and Charms of the Country they
lived in> the Riches to be gotten there, and the Preference
that ought to be given to each over the other; and this the
Author declares he met within almoft all his Informations.
What then had he to do.> Could it be expedled that he
ftiould pleafe every one? Wtould riot the impartial Reader
have been fiirpriiw to have found MudfiiCtiBa^ preferred to
Carolina y and Pr evidence to Barbados ? For theComparifons
arfc alike unequal. *Tis true, when the Climate and the
Soil would not bear a Parallel, they turned the Advantage
on the Side of Commerce, and always took Care to make
their own the moft profitable. One who had known nothing
of the Weft-India Trade ^ M»^ould have been itin'pofed on by
fuch Partiality ; but though the Writer of this Hiftory never
was out of Britain J yet there's no Part of that Trade with
Which he has not been acquainted abovft twenty Years; and
he, by that Means, knew-if any thing was leprefcntcd to
him too favourably -, and when he was ever fo little in the
dark, he took all the Care he could to be enlighmed.

Sottie Gentlemen he had the Happincffs to know, who
were free and impartial ; and if they had had any Expeda-
'tion of fuch an Hiftory, would have made Prbvifions for it
when they were in America. The Hiftorian muft beg the
Liberty of paying his publick Acknowledgments to fome of
them, that the World may fee he does not publifh any
thing which is not warranted by good Authori^.

To begin therefore with the Hiftory oi Newfoundland.
All the Account of its Trade and prefent State was commu-
* nicated to him by one who dwelt there as a Merchant fe-
veral Years. What has been added to this Edition has been
taken from publick Memoirs, and contequently are the moft
authentick. The Succeflion of Governors, in a Govern-
ment fo very ftuduating, was difficult to be afcertained,
iMd he had the beft Information^ in which falling (hort, he
was obliged to leave it as ic is*

NevO-Bcottan
not at much 1
to be added to
Utrecht Ttcsity
Hiftoi^^but t
tueofthe tzmt
land more pre<
has happened
hot related hei
Jifh'd by Mr. i
he has mention
Th^t Author
particular and
Hiftory might
many Sheets as
fiderable Adior
which is in A^
oi his Hiftory,
racks, Prodigit
cumbrances, t(
mong whom, ;
as to be rank'd.
preflion, is as
former, publifli
which he has
Mather's^ and
has related, wh
reading his, I v
The great Foibi
of the Witches
tenanced ; and .
it, fmce the A{
by the Recomi
of giving Satisfi
Miftake, as it
Fellow-Sufftrer
of Governor 5/
of this Colony r
good Proteftant
This Hiftor
Memoirs from
we hope the wl
cerned.

When he wi
which others hs
Capt. Ctngreve^

^e P kE FA C E.

New-Scotland has Co little to be ^d of it, that He was
not at much Trouble about it. There is not much more
to be added to it now, excepting the Ceflion of it by the
Utrecht Treaty to Oreat Britain^ which is mentioned in this
Hiftoiy ; , but the P h keeping Cape Briton Ifland by Vir-
tue of the CameTr. ./, renders our VoSt&on of Nruj-Scot-
land more precario«is, and every way lefs valuable. There
has happened nothing memorable concerning it, which is
hot related here; and the Hiftory of New-Englandy pub-
liih'd by Mr. Cot. Mather^ fiirnifli'd him with what Events
he has mentioned relating to that Colony.

Thi^t Author being an Inhabitant of New-England^ veryt
particular and voluminous, one would have thought his
Hiftory might have fupplied another with Memoirs for as
many Sheets as ail this Work contains ; yet there's no con-
(iderable Action concerning the Governors or Government,
which is in Mr. Mather\ but this Hiftorian has included
in his Hiftory, leaving his Puns^ Anagramiy Acrojiicksy Mi-'
racleSy Prodigies^ tfitches^ Speeches^ Epijiles, and other In*
cumbrances, to the original Author and his Admirers; a-
mong whom, as an Hiftorian, this Writer is not (b happy
as to be rank'd. The Hiftory of New-Englandy in this Im-
preftlon, is as good as new; Mr. Neal having, (ince the
former, publiftied his Hiftory of it in two Volumes, in
which he has thrown out all that is complained of in Mr.
Mather's^ and been very exad and curious in the Fadts he
has related, which gave me fb much Aftiftance, that after
reading his, I wrote over the Hiftory of this Province again.
The great Foible of the New-England Hiftory is the Story
of the Witches, which Mr. Neal has in no manner coun-
tenanced ; and New-England muft be no more charged with
it, fmce the Aflembly there have now under Contideration,
by the Recommendation of Governor Belcher^ the Means
of giving Satisfa(^ion to the Pofterity of the Sufterers, by a
Miftake, as it is called ; as alfo to thofe of the Quaker^
Fellow-Suflerers by a Miftake alike fatal. This Proceeding
of Governor Belcher and the Afiembly has fet the Reputation
of this Colony right, in the Opinion of all good britom and
good Proteftants.

This Hiftory is continued to the prefent Times, by
Memoirs from Mr. Dummer's and other printed Trads, and
we hope the whole will give inure Satisfaction to the con-
cerned.

When he wrote of New-Tor k, he correfted the Miftakes
which others had led him into, by better Information from
Capt. Cottgrevfy who had a Command in Che regular Forces

there

' m

.<- 1 1

rhe P R E FACE.

there feveral Years. What is added in this Impreffion to Nrw
Yorkj will appear to be taken, for tlie moft Part, from,
printed Tradts written and publiflied on the Spot, by Perfons
of Intelligence and Authority ; to which we Ihould have
only added, that the French^ by the Treaty of Utrecht^ re-
cognized the Confederacy of the five Nations with the Eng-^
/(/^ of this Province, and obliged themfelves to obferve the
Peace with thofe Indians zs inviolable as with the £ngli/h.

Mr, Docwra and Dr. Cox were both io kind as to infortn
him fully of the Jerftyt, and Mr, Pen did him the fame Fa-
vour for Penfylvan'ta j thofe three Gentlemen doing him the
Honour to admit him into their FriendOiip.

It will be feen, in the Hiftory of Maryland^ that he had
not the fame Helps for that Province; but his Autliorities
arc good as far as they goj The Author was very defirous
to have procured Memoirs of it from unqueftionable H^nds,
and he had Hopes of them, till the Impatience of the Pub-
Jick. for this Impreffion obliged him to give way to the Hurry
of the Prefs, and to leaye thofe Additions to another Op-
portunity. . 1

The Hiftory of Virginia is written with a great deal of
Spirit and Judgment by a Gentleman of the Province, to
whom this Hi/iorian confeC&s he is very much indebted;
but in fome Places he was forced to leave him, to follow
Other Guides ; and whoever compares the one Hiftory with
the other, will, fee enough Difference yto give that which is
now publifl\'d the Title of Niw. Several old Writers and
modern Papers fell into this Author's Hands, which that
Gentleman never faw; however, he had feen and knew fo
much, that, by his Affiftance, the Account of Virginia is
one of the moft perfedt of thefc Hiftories of our Plan-
.lations. This refers to the Hiftory of Virginia which was
^written by Col. Bird, whom the Author knew when he was
:pf the Temple-^ and the Performance anfwercd thejuft Opi-
nion he had of that Gentleman's Ability and Exadnefs. What
-be faid of other Helps, has Relation to another Hiftory of
,yhginiay written by one R. B. which he made as much
iUfe of as he thought neceflary for the Improvement of his
Work ; but happening to take no Notice of fome Parti-
culars which would not at all have improved it, the Writer,
for his n^ledting them, has been very free with the Cha-
rajfter of this Author's Hiftory, and not fpared even fome
of the Paflages which he took from himfelf. I (hall only
lemark two Criticifms, the one is hi:^ abufing the Author for
faying there was once a very great Froft in Virginia^ "whcfl.
prub^ly tliere ocvpr was a Year without one, of which be

gives himfelf (t
cenfuring the I
moirs, and not
we have been (
from his Hift(
own. We fli
Hiftory of Viri
withftanding it
ours j and confic
ther Improveir
of thofe who
Severity.

For Carotin
Mention is mac
(b far, as to c
and let him in
mong the Peop
Tra(Ss on the
And in this Im
to the Affiftar
JohnJlon\ as a
JcAion. His i
taken in part frc
of the Society,
tioncd.

The Hiftory t
the Author too
his Pofleffion tl
the Commiffior
and other Men
more, and doe
Books much m<
to Perfons cone
Matter to com
it being not co
the Events ther
reft of this Hi:
knows not of an
the Bay by thej
of the Fur-Trad
Kingdom, by v
The Reader wil
rious Performan
Credit to what
made of the Gc
Hiftorian has c
Decency.

Vthe PREFACE.

gives hirofelf fufficient Information ; and the other is his
cenfuring the Hiftdrian for making ufe of other Men's IVIc-
moirs, and not writing a Hiftory of his own Head : However
we have been lb free with him in this Impreflion, as to take
from his Hiftory what we thought worth putting into our
own. We fliall fay nothing here of Sir Pf^slliam Keith's
Hiftory of Virginia^ becaufe it was of little Ufe to us, not-
withftanding it came ouc many Years after the Publication of
dursjandconfideringSir^i7/wm did not think fit to make far-
ther Improvements, it were to be wifli'd he had not fpokea
of thofe who wrote of Virginia before him with fo much
Severity.

For Carolina, Mr. Archdale and Mr. Boone, of* whom
Mention is made in the Hiftory of that Colony, obliged hini
(o far, as to communicate feveral important Fads to him,
and let him into th6 Rife and Caufes of the Differences a-
mong the People of that Province. They alfo printed fome
Tra5s on the fame Subjeft, which were very ufeful to him.
And in this ImprefHon he owns himfelf very much indebted
to the Affiftance he had from fome Papers of Governor
'JohnJlon\ as alfo many printed Papers in the publick Col-
ledion. His Account of the new Province of Georgia fs
taken in part from' the Narratives publifhed by the Secretary
of the Society, and from the Colledlion of Papers juft mm->
tioned.

The Hiftory of Hudfon*S'Bay maybe depended upon; for
the Author took it from original Papers, he having had in
his Poflelfion the Journal of a Secretary of the Fadory,
the Commidions and Inftrudtions of fome of the Governors,
and other Memoirs, out of all which he could gather no
more, and does not believe, that even by the Company's
Books much more is to be gather'd. Application vras made
to Perfons concerned in the Affairs of the Company, for
Matter to continue an Account of them to this time; but
it being not come to Hand l>6fore the Book was printed,
the Events there are not of Ithporiance enough to keep the
reft of this Hiftory longer from the Publick; the Author
knows not of any Alteration in the Hiftory, but the Ceftion of
the Bay by ih^ French m the UtrechtTrcziy, and the Revival
of the Fur-Trade, which is lately very much increased in this
Kingdom, by the great Ufe of Furs in the prefent Fafliion.
The Reader will perceive he is not about looking into a ' fpu-
rious Performance, nor that he will venture much in giving
Credit to what he reads, fince there is no Difpute to be
made of the Goodnefs of fuch Information ; from which the
Hiftorian has deviated as feldom as was confiftcnt with
Decency. Thus

•(■:

til

lie PREFACE.

Thus with much Pains and Care be went over the Briti/h
Empire on the Continent, which is id or 1700 Miles in
Lengch, from the Northern Bounds of Neu/Scotland, toxhtt
Southern of Georgia, befides the Tradl: known by the Nfiaif
of Hudfon's'Bayy and another bordering oa the River Myi"*
Jijftppi^ to which the Kings o^ England ^xttCfiA-^ but, there.^if
no Notice taken of it in this Work, becauie there nevier
was any Settlement there, though it has been attempted.

This Country joins to Florida, and was granted by King
Charles I. to the Earl of Arundel j which (^cant, 60 Year$
ago, was alTigned to Dr. Daniel Cox, and he was the Pro-
prietary. He gave it the Name of Carolana ; and in King
fVilliamh Reign fenc two Ships thither, with aoo People,
to make a Settlement, intending to profecute that Enterpri^
by difpatching away more Ships with more People, over
whom Sir JViUiam IValUr was to have been Governor ;
but the French difturbing the firfl; Adventurers, hinder 'id
their fettling there ; and this Part of the EngUJh Territories
in America was To much abandoned by the Englijb, that (he
French affumed to themfelves the fole Propriety of it, from a
Settlement of a few Huts fcatter'd up and down the River,
where they had no Settlement at all in Monfieur ^« la Sale^
Titne, as we read in the Relation of his Voyage thither, af-
ter Dr. Cox's Grant, and but three or four Tears before the
Do£lor fent his People there to form a Colony -, at which
time the River Miffjftppi was fb little known to the Fnnch
Navigators, that the fame Mm^twt de la Sale, who had
traverfed a great Part of that Continent from Canada^ and
the Captain of a French Man of War, and a Mafter of an-
oihsr French VeflTd, equip'd at the King's Evpence, knew
not where the Mouth of the River was, as tkofe who
lived to return to France reported. ^

As the Author hopes there are not many material Errors,
he recommends to the American Readers not to ccHidetnn
him prefently, if they meet with things out of their No-
tice, but to fufped th^r own Knowledge and Information,
as well as his ^ for he treats of the Plantations hiftorioilly,
and was therefore to relate things pafias well as preient j
and 'twill be unjuft for any one to conclude they never
were, becaufe they never heard of them, as too many
will incline to do.

. . The Author declares once for all, that there was no Part
of this Hiftory which had not been Oiewn to Perfons who
have lived in thofe Parts of the World, and been approved
of by them j yet he is not fo vain as to imagine there are
not feveral Faults j for it was impoffiblt to perform fuch a

Wgrk

Work without
will be expeft
As to our I
the chief Part (
fruitful and pla
Caies, he bavin
their Af&irs, an
They will fee cl
and as to the W
Time, be had I
chant, Sir Jehu
it much larger,
Barbados to a S
ther Hiftories.
even Natural A
the prefent. h
gar, of clothim
ftrange to an I
does his Accou
of the Ifland, i
the modern on
found in this, a
State as it was
taken from ori
particularly dili^
cerning this \{k
ficial of any of
not excepted,
lived there, anc!
that the Gentle
him the Favou
Friends, may n
wife injure his
pleafed} but if
Truth, let his
could not be fo
an Error, nor
Man. Such a '
for where there
of one, the Mt
well as Integrit
faithful Hiftoriai
many Opportun
other Mens Int<
have been guilt]
he will relate,

"The P R E FA C E. ^

Work without it: All he hopes is, there are fewer thao
y/ill be expeAed, together with much more Matter.

As to our Iflands^ Barbados, the Chief of them, makes
the chief Part of his Hiftory ; and the Inhabitants of that
iiruitful and pleafant Ifland may take his own Word in moft
Caies, he having been for above ten Years converfant with
their Afiairs, and kept a coaftant Correfpondence with them.
They will fee chat he fpeaks things of his own Knowledge;
and as to the Memoirs of Events which happened before his
Time, be had Recourfe to the Papers of an eminent Mer-
chant, Sir John Bawdon, his Uncle, and might have made
it much larger, if it would not have run out the Hiftory of
Barbados to n Size very difproportionable to that of the o-
ther HiOories. Ligon is old, and his Geographical, and
even Natural Account of the Ifland, differs very much from
the prefent. His Defcription of Ingcnio's, of working Su-
gar, of clothing Negroes, and feveral other things, fecms
ftrange to an Inhabitant of the prefent Barbados -y neither
does his Account of their way of Living, of the Produdk
of the Ifland, as the Trees, Plants, ^c agree better with
the modern ones. All the Fads in his Hiflory will be
found in this, and every thing which remains in the fame
State as it was when he wrote. All the reft is new, and
uken from original Manufcripts. The Hiflorian has been
particularly diligent in bis CoUedions and Enquiries con-
cerning this Ifland ; for he takes ic to be the moft bene-
ficial of any of our Colonies to England, Jamaica perhaps
not excepted. He has condilted feveral Perfon.^ who have
lived there, and communicated what he has done to them,
that the Gentlemen of Barbados, fome of whom have done
htm the Favour to place him in the Number of their
Friends, may meet with nothing here which may in any
wife injure his Reputation with them. All may not be
pleafed ; but if he has always been a fevere Obferver of
Truth, let his free Ipeaking be excufed j for fometimes he
could not be fo without ic. He has not defignedly run into
an Error, nor told a Falfity, to gain the Good-will of any
Man. Such a View would have been as vain as it was bafe;
for where there are fo many to be difpleafed for the pleaflng
of one, the Man muft have but a fmall Portion of Senfe, as
well as Integrity, that would iacrifice the Charader of a
faithful Hiftorian to that of a wretched Flatterer. He had
many Opportunities to have fliewn a vicious Complacency to
other Mens Interefts, as has been already hinted, if he could
have been guilty of fo much Bafenefs; an Inftance of which
kc will relate, to give the World an Idea of Mens Difpo-

fltioni

XIU

■' p.

S.'.i ). ''Jii'M'fi

H'.

;::lt'tk!

XIV

T/^ PRE FA C E. "

fitions in this Afftir. When he wisonde in ConvcriTation
with a Gentleman, a Proprietary in America, on the Sub-
je£t of his Country there, he futnmed up all he had to tell
him in this Rapture: Our Seas fow with Ambergreafe, our
Rivers are almoji choak'd with Goldy and the wor/i Mineral
we have, which we think not worth taking up, is Copper;
for 'tis fo near the Surface^ that we may almoji Jicop and havi
it. This he introduced with a moft romantick Account of
the Situation of his Country, the Groves of Oranges, Fo-
refts of Cedar, the Fields of Spices, the fpacious Plains,
noble Harbours, and fo many other Advantages, that one
could hardly believe he fpoke true, when the Writer ask'd
him how many Inhabitants there were, and he anfwered,
None. Some Gentlemen have not only recommended the
Praife of their Province, but even of their Part of it, which
was gencwUy done with fo much Warmth, that they were
immediately fufpeded, and nothing of that Nature reported,
which was not confirmed by Perfons of Ingenuity and DiC-
intereft. In this Impreffion is added what has fmce pafTed
in Barbados of moil Importance. This Period takes in the
Time when the Ifland was miferably divided into Parties,
Governor and Country^ as they were there diftinguiflied ; and
it was very hard, fo to clear up the Matter on both Sides,
that the Caufe of the one and the other might not feem per-
plexed. It will be feen that his Authorities for what he fays
on this Subjed are moftly Records or Narratives written and
printed on the Spot, fo that the Truth of them cannot be
queflioned.

Since the Article of Barbados was finifli'd, the Author
has feen a Piece written by a learned Gentleman there re-
lating to the Government of Mr. Byng, whofe Death we
have mentioned, and whofe Life in it was of fhort Duration.
That Account (hews that Mr. Byng had more Reafon to
complain of the Ufage he met with from a Leader in the
AlTembly, and his Adherents among them, than he gave
them Caufe to complain of him, whofe Condudt that Gen-
tleman has jui^ified.

As for the Leeward //lands and Jamaica, the Hiftorian
was not altogether unacquainted with their Concerns, and
had feveral Manufcript Papers to refer to. For the Ad-
ditions in theHiftory of the Leeward IJIands in this Impref-
fion, he was furniftied with feveral Books and Pamphlets
relating to the Differences between the Inhabitants and the
Governors, and the fatal Cataftrophe of one of them, Col.
Parke, which is contained in two Volumes, publiihed by
Mr. French oi Antego^ who was prefenc at his Death, and
3 wrote

\vrote much
Mr. French
have ' "n in
him. ilermi
vidence as the
by Col. Trot,
ditions are of
Information
building Ship:
up, that the
ever, by our
of the Inhab
to cruize on
prizal, being
to divide all
of Hats is of
fifteen Years
mong the Lac

The Autho
ribbee IJIands
was fo good,
Memorial of S
the Iflands of

The Authoi
his Work, rec
to weigh well
he gives his J
oi t\it Wejl'ln
And the Appi
very eminent
not only made
out of it ; and
done the fam(
diiingenuous i
from Perfons <

The curious
with a few Pla
Times before
found the Peril
it was necel&i
have been wri(

"The PREFACE,

wrote much in his Juftification ; and an Anfwer to what
Mr. French has advanced, written by one who feems to-
have ' -n in the Secret and Confidence of the Party againft
him. Bermudas he has faid little of j but as much of Pro-
vidence as the Subjedt would bear, having been adirted in it
bjr Col. Troty who was once Governor there j and the Ad-
ditions are of equal Authority. He could get no particular
Information of BermudaSy excepting that the Cedar for
building Ships there, has been fo long and fo largely worked
up, that the Trade of Building is now much loft : How-
ever, by our laft Accounts from thence, we hear that Tome
of the Inhabitants have built and equip'd two 20 Gun Ships
to cruize on the Spaniards, with Letters of Marque and Re-
prisal, being man'd in Proportion to their Guns, the cruize
to divide all the Prizes they take among them. The Trade
of Hats is of late Years much diminilh'd from what it was
fifteen Years ago, when Bermudas Hats were the Mode a-
mong the Ladies and others of all Ranks in the Kingdom.

The Authority of Pere Tertre, whofe Hiftory of the Cha^
ribbee IJlands was the Foundation of our former Impreffion,
was fo good, that what he fays has fince been quoted in a
Memorial of State relating to the Right of Great Britain to
the Iflands of St. Lucia^ 6cc.

The Author having thus far given the Reader a View of
his Work, recommends it to his Candour, and deGres hioi
to weigh well the Difficulties of this Undertaking, before
he gives his Judgment. There is no Hiftory of any Part
of the Wejl-lndies in any Language fo full and fo particular.
And the Approbation it met with in HoUandy from the
very etninent Monfieur Le Cletc, who, in his Republiquety
not only made frequent Mentionof it, but took large Extrafts
out of it } and the Writer for the Journal des Scavans having
done the fame at Paris, are fufficient to guard it from any
didngenuous and ill-grounded Refleftions that may come
from Perfons of lefs Learning and Judgment.

The curious Reader, in going over this Work, will meet
with a few Places which may feem particularly to regard the
Times before the Utrecht Peace, and confequently to con-
found the Periods too much; but for clearing up the Hiftory,
it was nece(&ry to leave it in this manner, becaufe it muft
have beec written all over new entirely to have been avoided.

THE

XVI

THE

INTRODUCTION.

^e common Arguments Sgaitift our Plantations in Ame-
rica, anfiver'd j and the Advantages of them to Eng-
land ajjcrted.

HE main Objection made by the Enemies of our
Cblonies againft them is, that by draining Eng-
land of her People, they weaken us at home,
and confequently are more hurtful than benefi-
cial to the Kingdom. On this Argument are founded ail their
Reafons to excufe the ill Ufage the Plantations have met
with^ of which particular Mention is made in the particular
Hiftories of the Provinces ; we Hiall therefore, in thu Place,
keep to the general Intereft, and fee how far the Obje^on
will hold good.

Tis faid, People are the Wealth of a Nation, and to take]
away their People is to impoveridi them; thofe that fay it,
mean only laborious and induftrious People, and not fuch as
have no Employ, or, which is worfe, are employed only in
difturbing and robbing fuch as have any. If this is granted,
as it always has been in this Controverfy, thofe who im-
prove their Talents to moft Advantage, are of moft Value
to a Nation. A Man, whofe Skill amounts to no tfiore than
to earn 3 ^. a Day by his continual Labour, cannot add to
the Wealth of fuch a Kingdom as England, becaufe it will
not fupply his neceflary Confumption: However, «ven fuch
a one is lefs a Burden to it than one totally idle. He who
earns 6d.z Day, and confutnes ju(t fo much, is neither bur-
denfom nor advantageous ; but he who by his Induftry and
Labour, not only Hiointains himfclf and Family^ but en-
riches

riches them, is,

Addition to thi

contrary, he wl

crcafe the Na

eminent Merchi

adds, To Itavt

Doubter hut to <

Kingdom left wo\

duce of it J to A

iViJy of Charity^

\ ported^ how lon^

\ftouSj naked an

Houfei worth not

Many Reafor

of People, wilfu

National Riches

inevitable Povei

and imaginary .V

Decay of Indufti

it would be im

then will deny.

Labour, to the i

or imaginary, an

contrary, thatth<

vvorftemploy'd?''

I ed, or totally idld,

' and (hould find du

I proteded, and le

ufefully bufied fo

imaginary Wealtl

rally underftood J

the Art and Labt

Now as we ii

I we have no Wi

fadlures abroad,

all waysj we ha

rable in the Wo

them but by oui

in Wealth to t^a

employed for aw

I Merchant, the N

couragedj for or

our Safety. If v

could We long <

^/^Naiftefor

Would one Man'

INTRODUCTION.

XVII

take

iieit

riches them, is, to the Proportion of liis Wealth, fo much
Addition to the National Stock of the Kingdom. On the
contrary, he who labours not at all, or (6 much as not to in-
creafe the National Stock of his Country, is, to iife an
eminent Merchant's own Words, y'tt/? ^«tf<//or nothing. He
adds, To have this Truth plain beyond DiJ^ute. 1 beg the Sir Dilf.y
Doubter but to conftder, that if all the laborious People of the '^^^^^''
Kingdom left working, and wen to live on the natural Pro' t;'eR}'ff .td
duce of it, to be dt/iributed by them in equal Proportions, by Growth of
way of Charity y as Par ijh- Poor and Beggars are now fup-'. j-^^'/'
pur tea y how long it would be before the Nation became necef-j
Jttcus, naked and Jiarving, and confequently the Land and
Houfes worth notling.

Many Reafons may be urged to prove, that the Increafe
of People, wilfully or accidentally idle, is fo far from being:
National Riches, that it is the fureft and fpeedieft Way to
inevitable Poverty, and mult decay the Value of the real
and imaginary .Wealth of a Nation, proportionably to the
Decay of Induftry ; but this will be fo readily cbnfented to,
it would be impertinent to enlarge upon it here. Who
then will deny, that thofe Men who add moft, by their
Labour, to the intrinfick Wealth of the Nation, either real
or imaginary, and confume leaft, are beft employed? On thd
contrary, that thofe who confume moft, and add leaft, are the
vvorft employ*d? 'Tis true,all Who are not mifdhievoufly employ-
ed, or totally idld, are of fohie Benefit to the Common- Wealthy
and Ihould find due Encouragement ; and thofe otight to be moft
protected, and leaft difcouraged by the Laws, who are moft;
ufefully bufied for the increafing the Value of the teal and
imaginary Wealth of the Nation. By real Wealth is gene-
rally underftood Money, Lands, Houfes, ^c. by imaginary^
the Art and Labour of the People.

Now as VfC in England are the Inhabitants of an Iflahdj
we have no Ways of cotiveyihg our ProduA and Manu-
factures abroad, but by Navigation, the beft and eafieft of
all ways^ we have no ways of making ourfelves confide-
rable in the World, but by our Fleets^ and of fupportin^
them but by our Trade, which breeds Seatnen, and brings
in Wealth to ti^aintain them ; fuch Hands therefore as are
employed for any of thefe ufcful Ends, whether it.bdthe
Merchant, the Mariner, or the Plahter, are moft to be en-
couraged^ for on thetn depends our Strength, andoh that
our Safety. If we had none, or but little foreign Traffick,
could we long equip thofe mighty Fleets, that render the
Ertgli/h Naine formidable to the utmoft Bounds of the Eartb^^
Would onei Man*s confuming what another itaifed, and Hand-

« irig

'.•Wi

r* V '^

,- m

' ' ''fil

xviii INTRODUCTION.

Ing Commodities from one to the other, do our Bufincft
without the Additon of foreign Wealth ? No Commodity is
truly an Increafe of the National Stock, but that which is
exported, and all other Trades receive their Vigour and Life
from the Merchant, Commodities rifing in Eilcem or Va-
lue, as they are rightly didributed from Place to Place.
By him the Mariner is fubfided, the Planter fupplied, ^na
they all mutually aflift each other, in promotinrr iho A--^-
vantage of ail other Tradefmen in particular, and of Trade
In general. By Planter in the JVt/i-Indies, we mean the
Country Gentleman, who minds wholly the cultivating the
Growths of the Place, and exporting them to England, from
whence he yearly draws fo many Nlanufiadtures, as maintain
feveral Families in that Kingdom. 'Tis not eafy to decide
how much more fuch a Man is ufeful than an Knglijh mere
Country Gentleman ; when a Labourer in our American Co
lonies is by the before-cited Author faid to be of mart /id-
vantage to England, though out of it, than any it^o f
like kind can be in it. His Explanation of this Alfertior. re-
fers, in the firft Place, to the Sugar Plantations j and the
Reader (hall have it abflradted from him, lo judge of it
as he thinks fir.

" f . The greateft Confumption of Sugar is made by rhe
5* rich and opulent People of the Nation." (The CharaSfer
of this Introdu^ion given by one of the moji eminent of our
Colony Writers, that there could not jufily be a Word taken
from^ or added to u^ inclined me to let it pafs as it was in
the former ImpreJJion'., but the Variations that have happened
fmce in the Trade and Circumfiances of our Colonies, has made
it necejfary to take Notice of them in this Manner, by printing
what is new diJiinSily ; and here the Computation of 45000
Ton of Sugar is now too large by loooo, and our Exports of
Sugar from England to foreign Parts is by the Increafe oftht
Growth of the French Sugar Colonies, and the many Advan-
tages they have of ours in Trade become fo inconfiderable, thai
it need not be much inftfled upon. What l)rol>er Meafures may k
taken to encreafe r^ur own Sugar Froui!,^f^ nnd recover xht
foreign Trade, would not have fuffic :< hi... jy to u..-, rant
their being mentioned by us.) " 2. iiic Qiiantity yearly pro-
" duced is not left than 45000 Tuns. 3. The Moiety ofl
** this is confumed in England, and amounts to about
*' 800000 /. in Value. The other Moiety is exported, and
( " a^:cr it 'las employed Seamen, is fold for as much, andj
" coafequi;;.rly brings back to the Nation in Money, orj
^' ufeful C<!od3, 800000 /. Add to this, that before Sugars
s^ were produced in our Colonics, ic bore four times the Price

•• it does now
** Price, cxce
" to give in I
" dities and 1

ji'is certain
mounted to 40
it. To contir

" We muft
** which is fen
" ionics, and 1
** l^nd and tu
** JO ibi.ye 5001
i^Jrt'^'v from
*' ^rom thenc
Mced, for wh
" a Tun, now
" 'J'uns a Year
'* and is not thi
*' paid formerly
" ^^t^is. Woods
" from the Span{
" fadurcs : By a
'* People employ
" Now if it be
'* Colonies there
" Children, it n
** other, above
" for the Public
** Houfes and L
*' Computation, 1
to 50000000/.
" fumption to a p
" and fuppofing t
'* dom to increafe
'* hat will be b 1
" 12. s. a Headcl
*' above neceflary
r follows, beyond
" Sugar Pianttnon
r more Value 10 [
r home. To this
fume nothing of
r as thofe do who
amouRc to 350,

INTRODUCTION.

•• it docs now ; and by me fan?.c Confuniption at the fame
" Price, except we made it ourl'clvcs, wc ihould be Forced
" to give in Money, or Money's worth, as native Lommo-
'* dities and Labour, 240000^. A for the Sugar wefpend.

jl'is certain we bought a« much bug^t of Portugal as a-
mounted to 400000 /. yearly, which i« faved b) jur making
it. To continue Sir Dalby'^ rxplanatlou

XlX

" We muft confidcr too the Spirits arifing from Ale iffis^
which is fcnt from the Sugar Colonics to rhe other Co-
lonies, and to England j which if all were )ld in L ng"
land and turned into Spirits, it would amou ^ annually
** 10 b: vc 500000/. at half the Price the like Q. aicity of
*' riirtV, from France would coft. The Imiigj coming
^rom thence amounts to 50000 1, yearly. Log-
Mood^ for which we formerly paid the Spaniards 1 o/.
a Tun, now comes under 15/. and amounts to uoo
']'uns a Year. Ginger amounts to 400 Tuns a Year,
** and is not the dth Part of the Price of what the Nation
** paid formerly for that Commodity-, not to fpeak ot
" Drugs, IVoods, Cocoa^ Piemento^ Spices, Gold and Silver
** from the 5;ia«^ fVcJi- Indies^ for our Negroes and Ma lu-
" fadures : By all which the Nation faves and gains by thtf
** People employed in thofe Colonies 4,000000 /. per Annum*
" Now if it be confidered again, that in all thofe Sugar
** Colonies there is not doooo White Men, Women and
" Children, it neceflarily muft follow, that, one with an-
** other, above what they confume, each of them earns
" for the Publick above 60 1, per Annum. The Rents of
" Houfes and Lands in England, by Sir IVilUam Petty'^
*' Computation, amount to 1 0000000 /. the Conliimptioa
" to 50000000/. then by reducing Labour and Con-
" fumption to a proper Balance with the Produce of Rents,
" and fuppofmg the imaginary Wealth of the whole King-
'* dom to increafe in time of Peace the tenth Part annually^
'* hat will be bjt 4 Millions, which does not amount to
12 J. a Head clear Increafe of Wealth, one wkh another,
above neceflary and conftant Expences j from which ic
" follows, beyond Controverfy, that Hands employed in thei
" Sugar Plan? arions are, one with another, of 130 timea
" more Value 10 the O^mmon-wealth than thofe that ftay at
" home. To this (oTnt may objed, that thofe there con-
1" fume nothing of native Commodities, which if they did^
" as thofe do who ihy at borne, their Confumption would
I" amouRC CO 550,000 /. annually, at ^/. Id/, a Head, thei

I .« ** Allow-'

t;.fc ■ . -f ,

INrRODUCriON.

Allowance made by Sir IVilUam Petty and others; and
*' would confeqiiently increafe the Rents at leaft a fourth
** Part of that. But, as has been faid, whatever is con-
" fumed by idle Men, can never increafe either the real or
** imaginary Wealth of the Nation, and nothing but the
" Overplus can be reckoned additional, which, according
*' to a reafonable Computation, cannot be above 2j. a
" Headi fo that if we would grant that thofe in the Co-
" ionies did confume nothing of our home Produce, the
*' Lofs by the Want of them here <:ould amount only to
" 1,200,000 s, annually, or 60000 /.

Thus far we have taken from the Knight, and have only
to object againft his Number of Souls in the Sugar Colo-
nies, which, at the time he wrote that Trad, was as many
more as he mentions, there being then 40 or 50,000 Whites^
Alen, Women and Children, at Barbados only. However,
fuppofmg that we fhould confume not above 800,000 /. in
Sugar, did we make none, a third Part of what he propofes,
and that there was not above 2,500,000/. gained and faved by
120,000 Men, Women and Children, double the Number 1
he makes it, every Soul then earns for the Publick near 20 /. |
and confequently every Hand employed in the Sugar Planta-
tions is forty times as good as one that flays at home, which
is all the Alteration that Teems necelTary in his Argument.

As to what he fays may be objedled, that they confume
nothing of native Commodities ; that Objedion is beft an-
fwered by the Bills of Entry at the Cuftom-houfe. A Man
muft be (o ignorant of Trade, that one may defpair of con-
vincing him, who does not know that the Planters in our
Sugar- 1 Hands have for themfelvcs. Servants, and Slaves, all
manner of Neceffaries, for the Hcufe or the Field, for
Clothing or Food from England^ Sir Dalby allows five
Blacks atlcaji for one White in the Sugar Colonies, but wc
cannot agree with him ; for when there were 50,000 Whites,
Men, Women and Children in Barbados^ as there were
when he wrote, can any one fuppofc there were 250,000
Blacks? There might be then 80,000, and never more,
which, with 50,000 Whites, made 130,000 Souls in all ; and
allowing but as many more for the 01 her Iflands, who can
imagine that 260,000 Souls can fublift there, where no-
thing is to be had but Sugar,Cotton, Ginger, and the Commo-
dities before mentioned, without confuming prodigious Quan-
tities of all vSoi ts ol- Goods from England^ befi des the Provi^
lions they have from the Northern Colonies.

In treating

be more parti

ticular Exports

of our Sugar-!

on all Occafion

maintain about

of our foreign

able Seamen; i

800,000/. only

they are of as i

near half of all

creafe of the ^

is not above 2 c

How they in

Reader may not

Judge Littleton c

" There is on
" has not been

Engli/h have n
" which before
" duce to the er
" pretend to un.
' grow rich, anc
* ed out of it ar
" ported into it.
*' and Exportati<
" there is no wj
II rich by Trade
*' fending out mc
" and Shifts ther
" Matters J but
'* nothing. A C
" dition with a t
'* this Man feJis I
I ' he buys more
" leaft fpend out
I" and the fold ai
" together.

This Gentlema
Trcatife of his hi
any. He reprefei
tolours, fpeaks ii
who complained w

INTRODUCTION.

In treating of the Trade of each Colony, iMs Matter will
be more particularly handled, with Reference to their parr
ticular Exports and Imports j but Barbados being the Chief
of our Sugar-Iflands, comes firft naturally to be mentioned
on all Occafions. If the Plantations take away one Man to
maintain about three at home ; if they take up almofl: half
of our foreign Commerce, and are a perpetual Nurfery of
able Seamen; if they yearly increafe the National Stock
800,000/. only, as by the following Hiftory v;ill appear,
they are of as much Advantage to this Nation in Trade, as
near half of all their People elfewhere ; for the annual In-
creafe of the National Stock, according to Dr. Davenant,
is not above 2,000000 /.

How they inoreafe it, is by our Exports; and left the
Reader may not have a clear Idea of it, let him fee what
Judge Littleton of Barbados wrote on this Head ;

XXI

((

(C
(C

(;

((

lore,

and I

can]

no- 1

imo- 1

)uan-

'rovi'

There is one main Advantage by the Plantations, which Gnam nf
" has not been fufficiently explained, and that is, that the ''"^ ^''''''''■'
Englijh have now feveral good Commodities of their own, "''"^*
which before they had not, which does very much con-
duce to the enriching them ; for it is agreed by all whq
pretend to underftand Trade, that a Country does then
grow rich, and then only, when the Commodities export-
*' ed out of it are of more Value than thofe that are im-
ported into it. This Proportion between the Importation
and Exportation, is called the Balance of Trade ; and
there is no way in the World for a Country to grow
rich by Trade, but by fetting this Balance right, and in
" fending out more than it takes in. Some other Tricks
" and Shifts there are, which make a Shew of doing great
'■ Matters; but they prove idle and frivolous, and fignify
** nothing. A Country is, in this refpedt, in the fame Con-
*' dition with a private Man, that lives upon his Land ; if
'* this Man fells more than he buys, he lays up Money ; if
" he buys more than he fells, he mutt run in Debt, or at
'' leaft fpend out of the quick Stock ; and where the bought
" and the fold are equal, he has barely brought both Ends
" together.

This Gentleman was a Man of excellent Senfe, and this

I Trcatife of his hits the Cafe of the Plantations better than

any. He reprefents their Grievances in the moft lively

Colours, fpeaks like a Man, who felt what he wrote, and

who complained with no diirembled Sorrow.

a 3

After

!^|:;;',-.V|1

1]» •- ■

Xxii INTRODUCTION.

Afrer he ha^ touch'd on our Argument of the Incrcare of
the National Stock by Barbadosy and it will hold for the o-
ther Sugar i Hands, he goes on :

«« Why fliould Englind grudge at the Profpcrity and
" Wealth of the Planracions, fince all that is ours flie may

account her own, not only bccaufe we are a Part of
England, (whatever we may be accounted) as it is taken
largely, but alfo becaufe ail comes to this Kingdom of
England^ properly lb called, thefe two and fifty Shires.
By a kind of magnerick Force, England draws to it all
that is good in the Plantations. It is the Center to
which all things tend : Nothing but England can we re-
lifli or fancy: Our Hearts are here, wherever our Bodies
be : If we get a little Money, we remit it to England, \
They that are able, breed up their Children in England.
*' When we are a little eafy, we defire to live and fpend I
what we have in England, and all that we can rap and I
rend is brought to England.

<(
ce

' IN

more, cou

ewQry one (

two Weed

** Saws, Win

" rerials, con/

'* Jueofatleai

" Guns, Cord

" ping, befide

" and ufed bj

*' them to tlie

" fore let it fuf

*' and Confum

*' ment to, is o

" Honour and

*' fame Numbe

" can be.

To this we ci
and Negroes, M
half as many as
exact, which iV
much, for the i
Goods, and the
As for the otii
the TobaccO'TriLi
nia, was by In/i
U)ell as all other
Days, extremely J
f If has found it n
Provlfmfor a T
*' The Price of every Pound Weight of Tobacco im-i Ph^d ivholly in pi
ported into the Nation before we plant-sd it, was fromi '^nd have been fo
about 4 J. to 1 6 J. a Pound J and now the be ft Virginia m ^^'ougbt it tofuch
not above ij d.to the Merchant, of which the King hasi "^^profitable for I
5 d. Two-Thirds of the Tobacco brought from thefel «/*<"^ ''• In/lead
Colonies is exported to foreign Markets; which, at a-l i'^'"^ cf Corn^ bree
bout three Pound a Hogfliead (the leaft ihe Nation gets! "^ *o Corn, it is
by it) amounts to above 200,000 fPounds, befides thJ P*'^fent time of Sea,
great Quantity of Shipping it employs. It is not m fi fit from thence t
little as a Million the Kingdom faves yearly by ouil ^bat Kingdom^ wt
planting Tobacco ; fo that reckoning the White PeoplJ fi^'^'' Growth that
in our Tobacco Colonies to be 100,000 Men, Wom^mfif^f'fromdrawi
and Children, they, one with another, are each of them 'O*? h draining k
111. z Year Profit to the Nation. There are in thofJ ^"o^s for the Incr
Colonies, by a probable Computation, 600,000 Negrocl/*^ their Subfijienc
** and Indians., Men, Women and Children, and would bfl England into tha

It may be pretended, that the other Colonies, where there
is no fuch Confumption of Englijh Commodities, as there is
not in the Provinces on the Continent, have not that Pre-
tence to be an Advantage to England. But fure this will
not be faid of Virginia and Maryland^ of which Colonies,
jtheir Trade and Profit to England, we have fpoken in the
Hiltories of thofe Provinces. To which we (ball add what!
Sir Dalby Thomas wrote on thisSubjed, in the before- men-
tioned Treatife.

9i
(.1
<(
tc

<c
cc
cc
cc
cc
cc

Ci
C(

INTRO DUCTIOKF,

" more, could they readily get Negroes from Guinea^
«' every one of which confumes yearly two Hilling-Hoes,
two Weeding-Hoes, two Grubbing- Hoes, befides Axes,
Saws, Wimbles, Nails, and other Iron-Tools and Ma-
terials, confumed in Building and other Ufes, to the Va-
'* lue of at leaft 120,000/. in only Iron-work. The Clothes,
" Guns, Cordage, Anchors, Sails, and Materials for Ship-

xxiii

ping, befides Beds and other HouDiold-Goods, confumed
" and ufed by them, are infinite: Nor is the Benefit of
*' them to the Kingdom fufficiently to be explained ; there-*
" fore let it fuffice, in one Word, to fay, that the Produce
"and Confumption, with the Shipping they give Employ-^
*' ment to, is of an infinite deal more Benefit to the Wealth,
" Honour and Strength of the Nation, than four times the
" fame Number of Hands, the beft employed at home that
" can be.

To this we can only objed, that the Number of Indians
and Negroes, Men, Women and Children, is not above one
half as many as he makes them ; but that of the Whites
exact, which Miftake does not prejudice the Argument
much, for the Indians make the leaft Confumption of our
Goods, and the'-j lies moft his Error.

As for the other Colonies, Penfylvania is now falling into
the TobaccO'Tx^dQ. The mentioning of Tobacco in Penl'ylva-
nia, was by Information dire^ly from Mr, Pen, who, as
well as all other Proprietaries in America, were, in former
Days, extremely fond of the Tobacco-Trade j hut Virginia it-
fclf has found it neceffary to increafe the ProduSls that furnijh' d ^
Provifion for a Trade to the Sugar- IJlands, and not to be em-
ployed wholly in planting Tobacco. That Province and Mary-
land have been fo long in PoJfeJJion of that Trade, and have
brought it tofuch Perfe£iion, that it would be equally vain and
unprofitable for Planters in our other American Colonies to go
upon it. Injlead of this, Penfylvania has fallen upon the Cul-
ture of Corn, breeding of Cattle, and building of Ships ; and
as to Corn, it is now in fo flourijhing a Condition, that in the
prefent time of Scarcity, feveral Ship-loading of Wheat have been
fentfrom thence /c Ireland, to the great Relief of the P eople of
that Kingdom, where the Wheat has been confeffed to be a
finer Growth than their own. Thus are our Fellow-SuhjeSis
fo far from drawing away the Subjlance of her Mother- Coun-
try, by draining her People, that not only thefe fend them home
Goods for the Increafe of the National Riches, but even Bread
\for their Subftfience. Carolina into the Silk and Rice, New-
England into that of Naval Stores : And indeed, fincc we

a 4 (;aa

1^^
Ml

19'

? . i..

ir!

! i

r.r.

j^j5. ,.fy ft:

xxiv INTRODUCTION.

can fo eafily, fo cheaply, and fo fafely be fiirniflied with
thefe Commodities from thence, it is a Refle61jon on our
Politicks, that we will be obliged to the Northern Nations,
and fend for our Stores to the Baltick. New-York has the
fame Advantages of Naval Stores, and fo have all the other
Colonies in a lefs Degree. But if New- England^ New-Tor k^
the Jerffysy Penfyhania and Carolina furnifli the Sugar-
Idands with Provilions and Cattle, and they could not fub-
flit without them, as they can tell by woful Experience,
'tis enough that they are of fuch Advantage to England.

Let us further confider the many Mouths that are fed at
home by this Trade, the many Families that are enriched,
the vail Sums it brings into the Exxhequer, to which Barba-
dos did pay 5*0,000/. yearly, though net twice as big as Rut-
tand^ and is after the Rate of 10 s. for every cultivated Acre
in the I (land.

Thus we fee that the Colonics are far from being a Dif-
advantage to us by the Men who live there. But then 'tis
faid, they are certainly fo by the Men who die, that they
have been Graves for feveral Years, and kill more Seamen
than they breed. Were this true in fadit, as it is falfe, it
fhould never be objeded to them by an European.

From whence did that fatal Sicknefs come which infeded
Barbados and the other Iflands? Was it not from Europe^
brought by the Soldiers fent in an ill time for their Defence,
being under the leading of Captains that not only betrayed
thofe they brought with them, but thofe who joined them.
We may fee how it was with them before the unhappy Arri-
val of thofe fickly Soldiers and Seamen.

" We employ (fays Judge Littleton) feven or eight bun-
" dred Ships in a fafe and healthy Navigation. They find
** lefs Danger in a Voyage to our Parts, than in a Voyage to
" Neivcajle-y and as the Ships come fafe, fo the Men come
" found.

Befides the great Tncreafe of Wealth by our Colonies,
added to the National Stock, the 1 ^eafure faved has been
proved to be of almoft as great Advantage. Nations e-
nough would imniedifttely fall into the Sugar and Tobaca
Trades, and fupply us at their own Rates for our Money.
We fliould foon mifs our Plantations, if we had none, and
their Enemies then would have their Objedions anfwer'd in
a Stile which they might tremble to hear • for Envy has made
them too free of their Refledions, efpecially confidering they
iiave fo IjttJe Appearance of Reafon on their Side.

INTRODUCTION, ' XXV

Is not the Situation of the Iflands for annoying the Spa-
niards or French in America^ a fufficicnt Agrument for us to
be as careful of their Defence, as if they were our Frontiers?
And this relates more particularly to Barbados. Should we
in England be fo negligent of ourfelves and them, as to ex-
pofe them to a French Conquell, of which they have been in
Danger more than once, what would be the Confequence?
All the Leeward IJlands muft inevitably follow ^ nor ccxild
Jamaica hold out long. The French being to Windward,
can fend their Men down to Petit Giiaves with a fniall
Charge, and would force the Inhabitants of Jamaica to fur-
render in a few Months. The Lofs of the Sugar Iflands
would fTon afFed the Northern Colonies, who are of great
\J(c to England for their Tobacco, Mafts, Timber, breed-
ing of Seamen and Navigation. All which, except Virginia
and Maryland, have their chief Dependance on the Leeward
IJlands aidd Jamaica, for their Lumber and Fifliery. The
Colonies of New-England, New-York, the Jerfeys, PenfyU
vania and Carclina, have very little Ufe for any Navigation
directly for England-, but have a great Trade with the Sugar
Iflands^ which is very much for the Intereft of England-^
and if thefe Trades were loft, one third at leaft of the Na-
vigation of tliis Kingdom would follow ic What EfFed
this would have on the Merchants, Manufadurers, Me-
chanicks and Mariners, let every rcafonable Man judge.

'Tis certain, our American Plantations take off more of
the Manufadtures of England than any other foreign Trade
whatfoever ^ and is not this Confideration enough to filence
all the Clamours of the unthinking Pcafantry; for fure no
Man who has converfed in the World, and been tolerably
educated, can give into fuch an Error, or imagine 'tis not
well worth our while to fpare Hands for the Culture of our
Land in America.

Should we negled our Iflands, what Port would be left us
to enter the Spanijh IVeji-lndies f What Damage might we
not do to the French and Spaniards from Jamaica f Is not that
Ifland a Key that lets us into Hifpaniola and iheContinentP 'Twill
foon be anfwered, what have we got by it in this War ?

The War here mentioned was that with France, in
Queen Anne's time, when the Complaint was general that it
was not carried on with more Vigour againtt the Spon'ards
and French in the IVeJi Indies j for it was very well known,
by all that knew any thing of our Trade and Security in
thofe Parts, that it was miferably n^le^ed ; of this 1 had
myfelf fo much Experience, that I had the Revifal of a Pro-
je(i tor equipping and maintaining a great Number of Cruisers

about

■'"if

\ . ',v :

M'^^n

. 5 V

I-., '■;

xxvi INTRODUCTION,

aiiout Jamaica^ Hifpaniola^ Cuha^ and the Spanljh Contincnf,
at an Expcnce feparate from that of the grand War, and much
more eafy and fupportable j and though the Scheme was not
rejedled as impradicablc, it was laid afide as unfeafonable,
for fear it might drain too much Money from the Call of
the Flanders War. The NeceflTity of pufliing the prefent War
with Vigour againft the Spaniards in America being now the
general Opinion, and the apparent way ofdiftreffingot them and
benefiting ourfelves, renders any Argument on that Head fu-
perfluous.

Thcfe Qiieftions let others reply to; I tak3 the
Liberty to aflert, that there is nothing fo plainly to be
rcade oar, as that we might have got, and ftill may get
by it. Perhaps too, whether it has turned much to our
immediate Profit or not, the French and Spaniards could
give a very good Account for us of their Loflcs by it, and
the Expcnce it has put them to. As little as was made of
the Advantage of its Siiuation, had we had no Ports fo
Ikuated, the Plate Fleets trom Spain would not have come
home wiih fo much Uncertainty and lo many Delays. Ja-
maica is an Awe upon ihem, and has had a Share of their
Silver. Why it was not greater, let the Concern'd tell us;
for it mighc have been, vve all know. The French have
not quite fo much Realun Z6 wc to be zealous for the pro-
moting Navigation •, yet tiiey know their Intereft fo well,
that 'tis a long while ago that tht.y began to put in for a
Share of the American Continent and lUands ^ and whatever
they have got they are careful to defend. They have always
a great regular Force at Canada^ for the Prefervation of that
cold, barren Province, and their Care for the Defence of
their richer Plantations is anfwerable. The French King
fcrs fuch a Value upon his Plantations, and is fo far from
thinking his People loft who go to them, that he pays a
good Part of the Freight of all fuch as go thither to fettle,
and gives them other Encouragements : There's no Man will
doubt his underftanding his Interefl. And if thofe People
weakcn'd or impoverilh'd him by tranfporting themfelves to
America^ he would fooner fend them to the Gallies.

The Duichy we know, have Colonies in the Eajl'lndin^
do thefe exhauft and depopulate Holland j or are they at
leaft a Burden and Inconvenience > The Hollanders are fo
far from thinking fo, that they juftly efteem them the chief
Foundation of their Wealth and TrafiBck: Their Laji-
India Trade depends on their Eajl-lndia Colonics, and the
Greatncfs and Glory of their State depend on their Eaji'
India Trade. Though their Colonies drain and deftroy their
Men as faft as ourtj as their Trade and Wealth incrcafe.

ihcii

their People inc

us, when the P

that they may fl(

in fuch Cafe tl

done. As to tl

cherifh Surinam

World.? Are the

rajfo, as 'tis comt

Admiral De Ruy

above 60 Years

and would they

highly valuable?

What a Figur

thit Dutch drove

India Trade, in

while they were

true a Notion of

encourage them,

puties to fit in 1

asked, why our

who could prefer

fome Perfons wh

felves, by exhaul

American Acquifi

banifiiingtheCon

the Inquifition, w

more exhaufled .5

Indies. Had mo

been no Scarcity

and Sl6th have i

Want of Hands.

derftand their tri

even now juftify

nies are highly

What do they f

themfelves to be

Difputefor.? Wc

Owner, King Cha

dated j and withoi

All true Engh

Peace was trea

as is Coo well

fairs of the 5))a«/<7

federacy been br

not have preferve(

being then left ir

INTRO DUCriON.

their People increafe alfo, and *[ls or 'twill be the fame with
us, when the Plantations arc fo far eafed of 'iieir Jiiirdens,
that they may flourifli, and pour in Treafure upon us, which
in fuch Cafe they would again do as they have formerly
done. As to the Dutch J Veji- India Colonies, I ow do they
cherifh Surinam, though one of the bafcH: Counrrics in the
World? Are they not as folicitous for the Prcfervation of fa-
rajfoy as 'tis commonly pronounced ? Did they not fpare their
Admiral De Ruyter with a Fleet, in their War with Franc e^
above Go Years ago, to fall upon the /vvw^ Sugar-Iflands;
and would they have done it, had they not thought them
highly valuable?

What a Figure have the Portugucfe made in Europe, fince
the Dutch drove them in a great Meafure out of their Eaji-
India Trade, in Comparifon to their Strength and Riches,
while they were in Polleflion of it ? The Portuguefe have fo
true a Notion of the Advantage of fuch Colonies, that, to
encourage them, they admit the Citizens of Goa to fend De-
puties to fit in the Aflembly of the Cortez ; and if it were
asked, why our Colonics have not their Rcprelcntatives,
who could prefently give a fatisfadtory Anfwer? There are
fome Perfons who pretend the Spaniards have ruined them-
felves, by cxhaufting their Country for the Sake ot their
American Acquiiitions. To which may be anfwered, their
banifliingtheConvert-MoorSjthe y^wj, and the fetting up of
the Inquifition, v/ith the Tyranny of their Government, have
more exhaufted SpatTi than all their Settlements in the Wcfi-
Indies. Had moderate Councils prevailed, there would have
been no Scarcity of Men in that Kingdom ; and their Pride
and Sl6th have impoveriih'd them much more than their
Want of Hands. Befides, grant that every Nation beft un-
derftand their true fntereft, do not the Spaniards Politicks
even now juftify our Ailertion, that the IVeJi-India Colo-
nies are highly advantageous to their Mother-Countries ?
What do they fight for at this time ? Why do they iuffbr
themfelvcs to be torn to pieces on all Sides? What is this
Difpute for ? Would they give up thtWeJi- Indies to the right
Owner, King Charles III, Matters would foon be accommo-
dated J and without doing it, this War can never be well ended.

All true EngliJImen were in this way of thinking when
Peace was treating with the French at L^/;YcZ>/,whcn,
as is loo well known to be infifted on here, the Af-
fairs of the Spaniards were fo defperate, that had not the Con-
federacy been broken by that inglorious Treaty, they could
not have preferved Old Spain but by giving up New^ which
being then left in their Pofleffion by the Managers of that

unhappy

xxvu

I I

t. •" ■

. • 't ,

'^it

■^

a-'!

^31

■ iji

U "'*'

^■./l

XXV 111

INTRODUCTION.

unhappy and inglorious Treaty, is the Occafion of the prefent
ex'penlive and perilous War, which they have now driven
MS into by their Piracies and Outrages on our Trade and Peo-
ple in America.)

We hope the Reader is by this time fatisfied, that our
American Plantations are an Advantage, and a very great one
to this Kingdom.

It would not be very difficult to prove, that in the pre-
fent Circumftanccs of Affairs, the Britijh Colonies arc or
may be much more advantageous to the Britains, t!;^n tho
Roman Colonies, of which they were fo free, were to the
Romans ; by how much more as the Safety of a Nation is of
greater Confeqiience than its Extent of Empire j but that
would draw thisTrav!t out to too great a Length. If we have
iiot been too tedious already, 'tis well, and we fhall leave
the Dccilion of this Argument now to the Reader, having
faid as much for it as we could, and as we believe is necef-
fary to convince the Impartial and Difinterefted, that our
Colonies in America are fo far from being a Lofs to us,
that there are no Hands in the Br'itijh Empire more ufefuliy
employed for the Profit and Glory of the Common- wealth.

Of all our American Commerce, that of Sugar is moft va-
luable, becaufe moft neceflary. Sir Joftah Childy in his
Difcourfe of Trade, fpeaking of this, fays,

*' It is in his Majefty's Power, and the Parliament's, if
they pleafe, by taking off all Charges from Sugar, to make
it more intirely an Englijh Commodity, than White Her-
*' rings are a Dutch Commodity, and to draw more Profit
'* to the Kingdom thereby, than the Dutch do by that ; and
that in Confequence thereof, all Plantations of other Na-
tions muft in a few Years link to little or nothing.

«c

This Authority will confirm all that has been faid before,
and it might be made out, which way fo great Good may
be done to the Publick ; but that would be to enter into the
Detail of the Hardlhips the Colonies have lain under for
many Years, the Means of eafing them, and other Articles,
fome of which are treated of in the particular Hiftories of the
Plantations ; and others that remain we muft forbear men-
tioning, till a more convenient Time and Place offer.
" The Negledl of the Plantations is not to be dated from
any time within the Memory of Man ; for all Govern-
ments, as well before the Revolution as after it, feem not
fufficiently to know the Value of them, or not to regard
the Intereft of the Concerned. Indeed as long as the

Frmli

INrRODUCTlON.

*' French (cemed to defpair of rivalling the Englijh xn tlic
** Sugar Trade, the IHands and Sugar Trade were thought in
" no manner of Danger, and confequenily the Adrniniftra-
tion at home had not their Improvements and Security
fo much at Heart, as we now find it was for the publick
Intereft they fhould have had. The French grew upon
us infenfibly, and when we perceived the Ground they
" had got upon us, we found, to our Coft, it was too late
" to recover it without breaking in upon fome Laws that
'' had been made to the Hindrance and Detriment of thofe
" Colonies, for the Sake of feveral Branches of Commerce
*' nearer home. This produced the popular Adt of Navi-
" gation, which though well defigned for the Intereft and
*' Glory of England^ proved in irs Confequence to be an
*^ Impediment to both, the heavicft Weight of it fiillin^,
on our American Colonies, which are lealt able to bear it.
*' This produced the exceflive Duties on our Plantation
** Products, foexceflive, that at firft Sight, it appears moii-
*' ftrous J as for Inftance, to pay ten times ns much Duty
" on Tobacco as the Commodity is worth where it growls-,
" and for many Ye • more Duty ioxBarbados Sugar than the
" Value of it in t\.c Country, after the Charge of planting
" it is deducted ; not to mention the Duty and Excife on
" that other Staple Commodity, Rum^ above twice as much
" as the prime Coft, and a like Excels on our other Plan"
*' tation Goods, which ftiould have been eafed, inftead of
burdened, at leaft when the Colonies were young j for
" thefe Duties hinder'd their Growth, and reduced them
" from a flouriftiing to a languidiing Condition. 'Tis cer-
" tain that when Duties are laid on, 'tis not eafy to have
" them taken off or diminifh*d; and indeed the Cuftom of
" Appropriation renders it almoft impoftible, and no pri-
" vate Wifdom can provide againft that Evil.

" How much our Trades near home have been confidered
" to the Difadvantage of 9ur Colony Trades, appears par-
'' ticularly in an Inftanc: which has lately happened. It is
" not doubted but that there is enough Iron Ore or Stone
" in our Northern American Continent Colonies to anfwer
" the Demand of the Britijh Iron-Trade, if Encouragement
" were given for making Iron there, and importing it thence;
" but the Influence of the Baltick Traders and the Iron
" Traders in England^ is fuch a Clog to that -Ufe and all
" neceflary Experiments, that fo great Store of Iron, which
" migh. be brought thence, lies among the Rubbilh of the
" Earth.

And

xxix:

1 !.|V,

XXX

INTRODUCTIGN.

INI

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" rage it may be

" tiler encourage

" ford, where th(

'* And if Pig and other unmanufadtured Iron was imported
from thence to Englnnd^ it would not only in a great
Meafure prevent the VVafte of our remaining Woods by
its Forges ; but being brought home as Ballaft for Ships,
or at low Freight, would come fo cheap to our Workcri
and Dealers in Hard-ware (a very numerous and profitable
Body of People) that the Trade would be prodigioully
increafed, and confcquently, not only their private Gains,

*' but the publick *Stock of the Nation ; all which is too
cafily to be conceived to need Enlargements here. But
it muft be added farther, that there would be a faving to
the Nation of 2 or 300,000/. a Year, which the Swedr,
have had again ft u-; in the Balance of the Iron Trade for

" many Years paft. If I am in an Error, I was led into it
by the beft Judges of the Iron Manufacture and Trade,
the Dealers at Binnlngham^ of whom fcveral, in Con-
jundion with fome Gentlemen and oihers, formed a So-
ciety about 20 Years ago, who engaged to raifc a Stock

'* of 4000/. for carrying on an Iron-wcik in yirginia.
With this View they had, by the beft Enquiry and In-
formation of People who frequented that Country, treated
for the Purchafe of a Tradt of Land very convenient for

*' their Purpole, well ftored with Iron-Ore, abundantly wiili
Wood, and commodious for Water Carriage j but on
weighing equally the Advanrage and Difadvantage that
could be forefeen in carrying :t on, the Duty of foreign
Iron which muft ftill lie upor, what they raifed when itii-
ported in England^ Was found to be fuch a dead Weight,
that it was impoftible fuch a Trade could live under it.

*' Some of the Birmingham Men and others have fmce, in

'^ particular Adventures, attempted this Undertaking j but
the fame Difficulty that hindered the profecuting it by
that Society, have, we fuppofe, been a Hindrance to this
Day; though, within thefe few Weeks, 50 Ton of Iron
has been imported from Maryland. Much of this Kind
may be (aid of Hemp, which thrives very well ia Carolina^
Penfylvania, and doubtlefs would do the fame in the other
Continent Colonies, which proinifes fair for a Supply of
Cordage for all cur mariti^ne Demands, if the like En

** couragement was given fo thefe two Articles of our
Plantation Growth, as has ucen to Rice, Pitch and Tar,
by which Means the former, within thefe twenty Years,
is now in fo flourifliing a Condition, that Carolina bid
fair for the RiceTradeof ^wri?^^ j and Pitch and Tar, fo:
which we formerly paid ready Money to the Northern!' largir and more c
Nations, come now fo cheap to our Ship-builders andj ricul Preface will

Rop

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" ways paying i\
" Growth of 10
" has been a Hin
" the Iflands, and
" Colonies.

" It is not dou

" berry-trees in (

of our Jmencar.

time anfwer the

Dut then it mu

Life and the D

" Inhabitants of tl

to fpare, cannot

hereafter be able

but how and wh<

there, and due

other Confiderati

*' We have juf

there were no le

for European Poi

' Check at home,

' meration.

'' Many Obfervi

the particular Coi

their feveral Proc

provemer>ts that

Difadvantages th^

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INTRODUCTION.

Ropc-makcrs, that the Charge of it is hardly felt by them,
and the Bounty that is paid by the Publick, on the Im-
portation of thofe Commodities, is doubly and trebly re-
paid by lelTening the Balance of Trade that was againll us
in thofeArticlcs.

" That fuch Bounty or other Encouragement is abfolutely
nccelTary for all new Experiments in our Jmcruan Colo-
nies, muft be well known to fuch as are acquainted with
ihe Price of Labour there, which at home is, in moft
Articles of Plantation or Manufadture, the leaft of the
Charge, but there the greateftj and in new Colonics,
where the People are to labour for Life, they will not go
out of the common and neareft Way, whatever Advan-
tage it may be to their Mother Country, unlefs that Mo-
ther encourages and aflills them in it. They cannot af-
ford, where the Price of Labour runs fo high, to be al-
ways paying it, and leaving the Returns from it to a
Growth of lo or 20 Years Diftance. This probably
has been n Hindrance to Cocoa and Cotton-planting in
the Iflands, and other valuable Produdts in the Continent
Colonies.

" It is not doubted but, from the great Plenty of Mul-
berry-trees in Carolina, Georgia, and the South Parts
of our Jmerican Colonies, the Produd of Silk may in
time anfwcr the moft fanguine Expectations of that kind j
Dut then it muft be confidered, that the Neceffities of
Life and the Dearnefs of Labour are fo great, that the
Inhabitants of thofe Colonies, till they have more Hands
to fpare, cannot ferve their Mother Country as they might
hereafter be able to do with fuch valuable Experiments ;
but how and when that may be done, from feafible Schemes
there, and due Encouragement at home, is Matter for
other Confideration than in this Introduction.
*' We have juft received Advice from Carolina, that
there were no left than 91,000 Barrels of Rice exported
for European Ports in the laft Year ; but it ftill has fome
Check at home, by remaining under Cuftom-houfe Enu-
meration.

Many Obfervations have been made, in treating of
the particular Countries and Iflands, of the Advantages of
[heir feveral Produdts to the Britijh Trade, and the Im-
provements that have been made therein ; as alfo of the
Difadvantages they lie under, and fome Methods hinted
ac for removing rhem. This is a Subjedt that requires a
largir and more circumftantiated Difcuflion than an hifto*
ricai Preface will admit of.

I « What

x\xi

. 4'

i ii

XXXJl

I N r R o Du cr I N.

What has been Qid here ncccflarily fails under the Con-
*' tiderarion of flH thu ire concerned in and acquainre'^ with
•' the Produdt and Trade of our Am/irican Plantations -, but
** what rclares to their Security, bcin<» the proper Bnlincii
** of the State, oii|»h!: io be referred to the Care and h'ro-
** tcdion of its Minillcrs, who will doubtlcfs to their own
•* Knowledge and Kxpeiicncc add what they have IcarreJ
•' and can learn of, the Situation, Danger and Defence ot
•* the Briti/h (Jolonics. Bur I cannot omit a few Words
** upon what I have lately read of their prcfent Stiength in
** Capt. Ar;«j?'s Voyages. He tells us there are, in our
•* yf;n*nVrt« Colonies, 1,500,000 Souls of /M>/^Extradion,
•' of which 30,000 are fit to bear Arms, and ready to goon
** any Expedition againft the common Enemy, French and
•' apaniards. His Computation of 1,500,000 is doubtlcfs
** too large by at Icaft a third of the Number ; but his Num-
** ber of fightng Men, if referred only to fuch iS are tit for
*• any foreign Expedition, is within Compafs. Now if one
^* third of that Number was inroIlM in the feveral Provinces
** of our Continent Colonies, \^ they were well officcr'd
"and difciplined, with fuch proper Allowance fbr Lofs of
*' Time as may be provided for them there or at home, they
*' would form a Corp, in 4 or 5 Years time, that could no:
** be oppofcd fucceliifully by any Body of Men fronrj Europe.
** There are, in" thole Colonies, Ships enough forTran.
fports, and Provifions enough in all of them for fupply.
ing the feveral Quota's of Mon, and conveying them
to any Rendezvous. And fuch Forces being more
*' ufed to the American Climates, the Food and way ofl
** living in the Colonics would be more fcrviceaWe in any
*' fuch Expedition than double that Number fcnt from £«.|
rope\ conlidcring alfo that the Fatigues^ Perils and Sick<
nefs that attend the Voyages ^'ould be very much Icllen'dl
by fo (hort a one as that from the Britijh Colonics to
the lilands and the Span'ijh or French Settlements. To
this Propoiition I never heard any Objection made by anJ
*5. Perfon thit knows the leall of thefe Matters, cxceptinj
•' that the Planters cannot fparc their Hands, though bul
fo fmall a Part of them, for Military Exercife and Service.|
It would be to wrong the XVifdom of the Brit'tfl) Nation,
to imagine that it could not get over fuch an Objedion,
*' The Sugar Iflands cannot boaft much of their Numbei
of Britijh Inhabitants; they arc but fmall, and lie in tli<
Neighbourhood of the French Sugar Colonies j the onh
,** Means therefore that can be thought of tof their Security)
** is a due Care for repairing or enlarging their Fortificatiora

keepin

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** the Number
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*' in Jamaica ar
" gainft any fudc
" are all humbly
*' digefted of thoi
" but if they an
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'*• qiiircs.

As I am not

« curity, by a fla

*' fo neither am '

" exaggerated Da

*' been done fomi

" our Colony Wri

" (o many Diffici

" vigation, their

" their Strength c

" than Eafe and S

!" ing them. The

" the Southward,

"of the Piveril^

I" and probably n:

" Trade as our i.

r theirs, in which

r Port9-Btllo, C

r Country and th

I** Miles from the ,

I' nadenfis^ and fn

' as far as the Laki

r York hdiam ; tb

[" tinent Mountain

gable Rivers flow

I'* of Communicate

" neareft Part of tl

" fo wonderfully ri

" Mijfiffippiam as i

' tains juft mention

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INTRO t^UCriON,

keejping what Militia they have {r\ cxaft and frequent Ex-
ercile, well turrtifhing their Magazines with Military Stores,
carefully preventing ill Waftc and F mbc2,z!emci)r 'lo
this muft be added, abovetll things, a watchful Kve on
the Motions of ( <'r Neighbours the Frtmh^ to i^c alway*
as forward as they cm in fending Squadrons or ShipJ
thither, and ftttioning thcrt^ there in Cfiual Proportion to
the Number of the Enemies Ships Ihtioned at their
IflaiKis,, which > with a flout Squadron always in Station
in Jamaica and thofe Seas, will be a fufHcicnt Guard a-
gainit any fuddci . Invafion or Infult. As thefe Particulars
are all humbly offered as Hints, they are left to be better
digefled of thofc who are immediately call'd to this Work;
but if they are thought too general, they will be more
particularized, enlarged and explained, as Occafion re-
qiiires.

*' As I am not for lulling ourfclvcs into a dangerous Se-
curity, by a flattering Scheme of our American Strength i
fo neither am I for frightning my Countrymen with the
exaggerated Datlgers of the Enemy's Strength, which has
been done fomewhat too largely, though well defigned by
our Colony Writers. The French^ in i^orth- America^ have
{a many Difficuhies to ftrugglc with in their perilous Na-
vigation, their barren and impracflicable Country, that
their Strength confifts chiefly in the little Account (more
than Eafe and Safety) that would arife from the dillodg-
ing them. The French^ in their boafted Acquifitions to
the Southward, and their vain Pretences to the Dominion
of the P Jver Mijpjftppi^ are as yet very little formidable,
and probably make not (o much of the Name of that
Trade as our South-Sea Company do with the Name of
theirs, in which they never employed a Ship nearer it than
Porit-Btiio. Col. Purryy of Carolina^ tells, that the
Couiitry and the Banks of the MiJJiJtppi is, for 300
Miles from the Mouth of it, as barren at the Terra Ca-
nadenfii^ and frotn that 300 Miles within Land, almoft
as far as the Lake of the Iroquois^ belonging to our Neiv-
Tork Indians \ that River runs on the Back of our Con-
tinent Mountains, from whence fo many fine and navi-
gable Rivers flow into the Sea, which has a rnuch nearer way
of Communication with European Navigation than the
neareft Part of the Mijft/ftp^ ; and if there is any thing
fo wonderfully rich and inviting in the Trade with the
Mijf^ppians as is pretended, they lie fo near the Moun-
tains juft mentioned,which have been found to be paiTablc,
\^ ikW Britift) Inhabitants in our Colonies may eaHly

, )

xxxiii

■(♦.

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X I

^■,'>^i.V'-

(..•i^yiH-i

xxxiv IN r,R p,B V-^CS J OAT.M- IgOOKS

*« come into what Share of tj?«i ^pftd^they^think fit ; and
** that Trade itfclf muft be much better t%an we conceive
" to enable the fr^ach %qi fpogJe,.and fiiTtiify thethfalves
** Jn'aTra^ of 2000 *Miles, ij^ie^l probably thete iare npt
'^^ now a hundred Eurtptein Families' fartl^r Up tha|i^o or
*« 60 Miies-the MoutboH the River. . u. f

*' The Increaf© of the Prtkluft a^ Power of the Pnnch
** Sugar Iflands reqliiif^more the' Atteritioiji ^nd Care of I
** the Britijh StWtlj^n their Set'il^txients and Trade on the
** American Contineht. We jcan now % no more of the
** Defence and Securifj* qf .cLk owo Sugar Iflands, than what
" we have faid heretoSHe,^ and aaJO tiheir Produd, if they
*' were pre;ty near on ^ J?ar with th« French in Duties at
" home, a^'^d a fre© J^»0ottatiin tn their Charge of Go.
*' yemmenc and MMitia, 'tis not to be (ioubted but the Good< |
*' nefs of the Commodities, the Advantages they have in t»Ja-
** vigation and the y^nV^n Trade, would, in a (Hpri; time,.
'' reSore them to that Superiority which their Produ£}s had
** in European Markets. To all w|?ich,if we add the jaft and
" neceflary Reftraint on their Trade with the 5ri/«)j^ Northern
'♦^'Colonies for Provifioqs, ^c. they would be as little able
'* to carry on their Sugar Works in the American Klahds, a;
'^ they could the Woollen Manufa^lure in /r<7fffr without

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I. A General Diftionary/jfTifterical a^d Critical : in which a
j\ new and accurate ^ra^fation of that of tTie celebrate4
Mr. 5flj;i5f, with the Cor)Br<^iQns and Obfervatiotts printed in the
late Edition at Paris, is included } and interfperfed with feveral
thouiajxd Xiives never befprc puWifli'd. The whole containing the
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11. Geography Anatomized : or, the Geographical Grammar.
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IV. The Prefent State of Great Britain and Ireland, in three
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ontaining an accurate and impartial Account of thefe famous

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fo the prefent State of his Majefty's Dominions in Germany.

'k Eighth Edition, corrected and enlarged.

'**'

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In Two Pocket Volumes, (Price 6si)

i T H E

H I ST O R Y

O F T H E

i ■ . .

BUCANEERS of AMERICA

* CON TAIN I 1^0/

I. The Exploits and Adventures of Lg Grand, UUnou, jtochty
Srafiliano, Bat the PortuguefCf Sir Henry Morgan, Knt. ^c.

II. The dangerous Voyage and bold Attempts of Capt. $l?arf,
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III. A Journal of a Voyage into the* ^outhSea, by the Free-
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IV. A Relation of a Voyage by the Sieur Montauian, Captain of J
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Defcription of Porto-Belh, Chagrtt Partama, Cuba^ HavanahA
and moft of the Spanijh PofTefliohs on the Coafts of the Wtft-InditiX
and alfo all along the Coafts of t]ie South Sea ; with the Manner in
which moft of them have been taken and ranfack'd, and the rell
invaded or attempted by thefe undaunt«id Adventurers.

The Whole written in feveral Languages by Perfons prefent at
the Tranfadions. Translated into Engli/h, and illuftrated withj
Copper-plates, in two Volumes.

The Fourth Edition, 1741. - .

THE

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^.^^^Wl^rini'Sf

H I

N E TP

[An Account
creafe, In I
Trade and

HIS

Cabot^
King(
DifcoN

^^olumbus had clifcc

^w^/^f's Difcovery.

continent. C^^^/

«'as fettled at Bri

Merchants of that (

nd Traders to ind

The Jfland is ol

■ 300 Leagues

fance, on the Cc

\itland to the Soutk

stbat between Z>c2/,

Pegreesof North La

leturn from the /,?<

H New-Spam u

Wn 500 Miles, of

I'les diftant from th

m is hardly half wj

( I )

THE

HISTORY

O F

NETFFOUNDLAND.

Contaiiiing

[An Account of its Difcovery, Settlement, En-
creafe, Inhabitants, Climate, Soil, Product,
Trade and prefent State.

HIS !arge Ifland was diTcoverM by ^^^^V^^'^^dtcawV^
Caboty who was fenc to America by Henry VII, s.^Cabot*
K.ingoi England, in the Year 1497, to make wjl'
Difcoveries 4. or 5 1 ears only, after Chr'yhpher
'Columbus had difcovered the new World,, which proves to us
that the Englijh were the firft of all the Europeans after Co-
\umbus*s Difcovery, that found out any Pare of the American ■
;)oncinent. Cabot was the Son of a Genoefe Merchant who
vas fettled at Brijiol^ where Sebajiian was born, and the
Icrchants of that City were (bme of the firil Proprietors of,
nd Traders to ind in this Country.

The Jfland is of a triangular Fig,ire, as big as Ireland, ^'' Figurt,
[bout 300 Leagues in Circuit, ieparate from Canada or New-
france, on the Continent, to the North, and from New-
mland to the South, by a Channel of much the fameBreadth
sthat between Dover and Calais: It lies between 4^ and 50
)egreesof Norih Lat. in the Courfe Ships ufually hold as they
leturn from the JVeJl'lndies\ and the Galleons and Flota's
pom Ncvf-Spain in a homeward bound Voyage, come
lithin 500 Miles of it : ^ 'Tis not above 600 f>eagues or 1800
^iles diftant from the Lands End of England ; and the Great
mk is hardly halfway to Virginia; it has n any commodious

Latitude

and
SliHut'itn*

'■■^

2 The Uijlur^ of Newfoundland.

Bays along the Coaft, Tome of them running inr^ the Laod
towards one another 20 Leagues.

Some Writers relate that the Fi(hermen of Bi/i-ay fre-
quentcd the Banks of Newfoundland and fifh'd there tor Cod,
long before Columbus difcovered the New-lVorld. The French
pretend to prove this by fome antique Verfes in their
Language, but that does not feem to be very likely,
for the Great Bank being but twenty Leagues from the
IfUnd, if ihc Bisks had frequented it, they muft in the Courfe
of a very few Voyages been within Sight of it, whether they
knew it or not, and they would not long have feen it without
landing upon itj where, with a fmall fearch, the neighbouring
Continent of America is as ea{y to be ken'd as Calais is from
Dover. Bifcay is certainly fo near the Banks ^vcwxch nearer than
England^ that it would not have been to be wondered at, if the
Bi/caimrSf who were famous Fifliers, had been driven thi-
ff ^/'///""ther by Accident and againft their Wills inillWeathcr. Bu:
French rj fjbf the Pretence of their Fidiingon the Great Bank not beingfo
D'Jeovtry. ^gH prov'd as to put in a Claim for them to the Country and
Fifliery, they darted another, and that was the Difcovery
of one John Ferazzan-^ 2 Florentine Adventurer, (entby i^ra«.
cis \. the French King, to America^ on the fame Errand aj
Cabot was fent by King Henry oi England feveral Years before,
and they fay Verazzan took Fofleirion of it for Francis ; but
it is all a Dream ond Impertinence^ tho' if it was true it wou'd
not at all leflen the Right of the Englifl)-^ for Sebajiian Cak
had not only taken PoflefiTion of it in the Name of Henry VII
long before Francis was King of France^ but as a Proof of it,
had brought home with him 3 of the Natives, probably the firft|
Indians that ever were feen in Europe, except thofe that Ct-
lumbus had brought to Spain with him in his two firft Voyagi
thither before Cabot*s ; and not long after Cahot's Voyagi
hither, and to Noremhegua, ail the Continent fo called l<Sor\h-
ward of 40 Degrees Lat., the Englijh began to trade
Newfoundland. Nay, in the Reign of Henry the Vlllth Mrj
Thorn and Mr. Elliot^ two Adventurers of our Nation, trada
here, and one Mr. Hore attempted a Settlement here, tb
firft of the kind by Europeans in North America^ but wi
reduced to fuch Streights, that many of his Company wei
killed and eaten by their Fellows. Thofe whofurviv'd we
Jir^^""''° changed, that Sir IVilliam Butts of Norfolk did m
know his Son at his Return, and cou'd not be convinc
he was the fame, till he fliewed him a Mark in his Body,
which Sir IVilliam knew him, as fay the Old Writers j a
it is the more remarkable, becaufe this Knight, whom Kii
H<nry the Vlllth dubb'd by the Stileof Sir f^tlliam Butts

2 mfi

K\>folkj Was re
Vomdets of the
l^ecords he \s hi
of \\\s did not de;
linve been fenr o
fure, in (o barbai
This muft be ah
6kd in 154^, an
which was printec
Years before, wh
The Englijhiift
Portuguejc reforte
Trade for Fifli, f
40 Years after 1\
Captain Richard I
empJoy'd by Mr. '
a Ship of 300 Ti
the Nonh Side of
hy Sailors and Trai
to bitter cold W
Harbour, where th
im, Beavers, Sea-F
return'd to Enghnc
In 1583 Mr. C
out a Ship of 220 t
ther Voyage to Ne-.
Humphry Gilbert, a
venturer, half Brot
With two Ships and 5
miffion from Queen
in her Name, whic
.ijour, inPrefenceof
other Nations to fifli
towards Firginia, by
hisCourfe, ioft his I
m Canada, which is
PC"fting in her.
' Prince in his Wc
jd Errors, writes
i/ffion of the Great
\nvefied ^ueen Elizabt

f . This he did at

J'ch he took PoOef

reck on that Coaf

ncer, to bisCondue

^e Hi/iory ^Newfoundland. 3

S^orfoJk, was really that King's Phyfician, and one of the
Founders of the College of Phyficians in London j in whofc
Uecords he is highly character iz'd. Tis to be fear'd this Son
of his did not deferve a very high Charader, or he wou'd not
have been Tent or permitted to go on fuch a defperate Adven-
ture, in (o barbarous and defolace a Country as Newfoundland,
This muft be about \\\t Year 154.0, for Sir William Butts
died in 1545* and WUtburn,mhisTTC2Ai{e of Newfoundland,
which was printed A D. 1622. speaks of this Voyage as 80
Years before, which was J. D. 1542.

The Englijhakcx this neglecting the Place, the French and
Poriugue/c reforted to 't, and carry*d on a very profitable
Trade for Fifli, Furrs and Skins, but in the Year 1579, about
40 Years after Mr. Hore*s intended Settlement mifcarry'd.
Captain Richard Whitburn, of Exmouth in Devon/hire, ^*^bufn'/S*'
cmploy'd by Mr. John Cotton^ a Merchant of Southampton, in Vo^agl"
a Ship of 300 Tons, to filli on the Great Bank^ lying on
the North Side of The Land, as this Ifland is generally call'd
by Sailors and Traders. But his Companions not being us'd
to bitter cold Weather oblig'd him to put into Trinity
Harbour, where they kill'd ftore of Fifli, Deer, Bears, Ot-
ters, Beavers, Sea- Fowl, and having made a tolerable Voyage,
return'd to England.

In 1583 Mr. Crook, a Merchant of SautJjampton, fitted lySj.
out a Ship of 220 Tons, in which Capt. Whitburn madeano- ^"'"^
I ther Voyage to Newfoundland, and while he was there. Sir
Humphry Gilbert, a Devonjhire Gentleman and famous Ad- s. Humphry
I venturer, half Brother to Sir Walter Raleigh, came thither Gilbert take*
with two Ships and a Pinnace, and brought with him a Com-^^f'g"/^^
ImiflTion from Qiiccn Elizabeth to take PolTeffion of the Place b«tb.
in her Name, which he did accordingly, in St. John's Har-
bour, in Prefence of Capt. Whitburn. This Knight forbad all
lother Nations to fifli upon that Coaft j and failing from thence
Itowards Virginia, by Reafon of forae unhappy difference in
Ihis Courfe, loft his biggeft Ship, upon Shelves on the Coaft:
M Canada, Which is very dangerous, moft part of her Crew
Iperiihing in her.
Prince in his Worthies of Dtiion, among other Dreams
id Errors, writes that Sir Humphry Gilbert took Pof-
edion of the Great River of St. Laurence in Canada, and
}^vtfted ^ueen Elizabeth in an EJlate of too Miles in Lengthy
cutting a Turf and Rod after the ancient Cufiom of £ng-
bnd. This he did at Newfoundland^ but not at Canada, of
ifhich he took Po0eflion only by leaving bis biggeft Ship a
Vreck on that Coaft; fo that, continues this Devonjhitx
/ricer, to bisCondu<a and Travel is owing the firft Settle-

B » ment

Voj"

^be'lliftory of Newfoundland.

ment of ilic Fifliing Trade in Nexvfoundlnnd^ that hath been
fo highly advantageous to our own, and oihcr Kingdoms. But
not to derogate from Sir Humphry Gilbert's maritime Merit,
England is not fo much indebted to that Knight's Conduct
flhd Travels for the Settlement of that 'f'rade, as to Capt.
Klrchi't\ who had been there and traded there in a very large
Ship, fome Years before Sir Humphry, as the reverend Au-
thor writes, fettled the Trade by cutting a Turf. He dwells
pretty much on a wonderful Apparition, which prognofticated
the lofs of Sir Hutnphry, and his Verfcl. As vilionary and
puerile as it is, I'll repeat it, to fliew how full People's Heads
were at that Time of the marvellous Things in. the American
Wildernefles and Seas.
*' Precedent to the Lofs of his Ship flrange Voices were
faid to be heard by the Watch, and thofe that ftood at the
Hdm, of which there have been many Examples of the
like Nature, both by Sea and Land, in which I doubt tk
Learned Divine was fomewhat too credulous. The Gene-
ral notwithftanding many Perfuafions to the contrary, went
*' aboard the Squirrel, of loTons ; and as they chang'd their
" Courfe to return to England^ (\t was indeed to go to Vir-
ginia ,) at the very Inflant of winding about, there pafled
between them, towards the Land, a very Lion, to their

<c
<c
u

cc
cc

Ut it taji «•

feeming, in Shape, Hair, and Colour, not fwimming after
the Manner of a Beaft, by moving his Feer, but rather
Aiding upon the Surface of the Water, with his whole Body|
in Sight, as Dolphins, Porpuffes, and other fuch Fifliesare
feen to do, but boldly fliew'd himfelf above Water, not
withftanding the Mariners prcfented Themfelves in opi
View to amufehim : And thus he pafled along, turning hi
Head to and fro, yawning and gapeing wide as he went
and to give them a farewell, coming againft the bigger Shi
the Golden Hind, he fent forth an horrible Voice, roarin[
like a Z,/(7«, which Spedacleall plainly faw; there inftantlyfol
lowed a grievous and violent Storm, which made the Wavi
rife fo high and horribly that all hopes of Safely had alread
*' left them.^ Sir Humphry Gilbert, nothing daunted, with hi
Book in his Hand, moft likely the Holy Bible, or, the^ni
Vicar, adds. The Common- Prayer; cry'd out aloud to hi
Company, in thefe Words: IFe are fo near to Heaven ht\
at Sea as at Land'. A faying worthy a Chriftian Hen
He repeated thefe Words, till at laft he was fwaJ.owed
by the Waves. The Golden Hind, Capt. Hays, Coi
mander, arriv'd (afely in England^ and the Mariners ga
this Account of their Leader.'
Two Years after, Sir Bernard Drake^ another Devonjh^

Knigll

cc
cc
cc
cc
cc
cc
cc
cc
cc
cc
cc

cc
a

<c
cc

Knight, Was fe

fcvcral PortugUi

noted, that the

S 1)0 in, and con I

\Vg had almoft

Rupture, in Q

Navigations to ,

nip Armada's ih

having Comman

to oppofe them.

In the Year u

wrote a Treatife

ment \n Newfoun.

{\^(i{^ fucceeded

James made a Gr

Bomviji in the N

Sir Lawrence Tant

King's Serjeant,"

Daniel Donne, Sir

John Conflable, ')

chard Rowdier, M

Ux. Humphry Hoo
IVdliam Meredith
over a Colony thir
of hrijhl, of whic
i()o8, and wa,^ Ma
[another of the Grar
)hry Hook another
\Bm;dler to have b
that Name among
and his Company ar
^England', they Jand
rather Hufts, for th
lliew-s that from the
mX-oBri/loLMx.
m lie entirely gain
wcat all difturbed
IS they were in /^/W/
fcen on the Ea/i^ an
"ie%//yAfirft plani
'/Part of it. Mr.
irn'd to England, \
le was gone, probab
i whom hereafter,
"icnce, \xi his Lcttej

srs gaj
|Kni&(

_ %

T/je Wflory c/ Newfoundland. j

Knight, was fent thitlier with a Squadron of Ships, and took ^'* Bernard
fevcral Portugucfe Ships laden with Fifti, and Oil : ' Tis to be "'*'=« "^'^'•
noted, that the Portugutfe were then Subjcds to the King of
.9/)fl/w, and confeqiiently their Ships Prizes to tlie Englljh.
We had almoft always Wars with that King after the fir*ft
Rupture, in Queen Elizabeth^ Reign; Capt. IVhitbum^i
Navigations to Newfoundland were interrupted by the Spa-
uljjj Armada's threatning a Defcent upon England^ lyinthurn
having Command of a Ship in the Fleet, which was equipp'd
to oppofe them.

In the Year 1(^09, Mr. John Guy, a Merchant of 5r/y7o/, .J^J?,
wrote a Treatife to encourage Perfons to undertake a Settle- Briol'w
ment in Newfoundland y and by writing and folliciring the Bu-
finefs fucceeded fo well, that in the folbwing Year King
James made a Grant of all that Part orthellland, from C<ipe
Bonavlji in the North, to Cape St. Marys in the South, to
Sir Lawrence Tanfield Lord Chief Baron, Sir John Dodderidge r.,e fr/f
King's wSerjeant, Sir Francis Bacon Sollicitor-General, Sir Newf -und-
Daniel Donne, Sir iraiier Cope, Sir Pierchal Wi:'lou<rkby, Sir ^^'^ ' ''"f-*-
' John Conflable, John Weld, K(i\,Ur. Ellis Cn//>, Mr. Ri~"^'
I 'chard Bawdier, Mr. Anthony Haviland, Mr. IViiUam Leivis,
Ulr. Humphry Hook, Mr. John Guy, Mr. Philip Guy, Mr.
\lVilliain Meredith, Mr. John i)e//j'/;//V and others ; who lent
over a Colony thither under the Di.cdion of Mr. John Guy
of Brijlol, of which City he had been SheriflF in the Year
liiJoS, and wa,'; Mayor in 161 8, as was Mr. John Doughtie,
[another of the Grantee's, in the Year 1^20, and Mr. Hujk-
phry Hook another of them in the Year 1629 ; ^ t^'^c Mr.
X^vwdler to have been alfo a Bri/hl Man, having met with
[that Name among the Magift rates of that City. Mr. Guy ^(^- Gfy*-.
land his Company arriv'd at Newfoundland in 20 Days from ^^''^'' '" "^
Ing'andi they landed at Concepiim-Bay, and built Houfe5, or
jrather Hurts, for their Habitations during their flay, which
Hliew's that from the beginning they had thoughts of going back
\mioBriJiol. Mr. G«ybehavedfocourtcou{ly to the Natives,
[hat he entirely gain'd their Friendlhip, and the Etiglijh were
fiot at all difturbed by them in carrying on their Settlement,
is they were in Virginia. Indeed the Indians were very rarely
fcen on the Ea/l, and North-EaJI Coaft of this Ifland, which
|he EngUJh firft planted, and were but very few in Number in
ny Part of it. Mr. Guy ftaid here two Years, and then re-
|arn'd to England, but Ibme of his Company remain'd after
M was gone, probably about Conception-Bay, for Capt. tVynne,
\ whom hereafter, mentions his Expectation of Men from
hence

ayi, 1609.

a in his Letter to Sir Giorge Calvert. He alCo fpeaks

B 3 - ef

r ,

\- \

■i

■|

6 ^e Hillory of Newfoundland'.

of Br'ijlcl P/antatton, where he found as good Rye grow as
in any Part of England.
%6\i. In the Year 1611. Capt. IVhlthurn made another Voyage

to Nfwfoundknd^ and the Arch- Pirate P<r/^r A'a/o/i came hU
ihcr with 10 Sail of flout Ships, this Place being in thofe Days
pretty much frequented by Pyrates, who traded with the
Crews of the feveral Nations that fifh'd there, for fuch Things
as they wanted, getting Money enough by their Plunder,
Eaton being rich was dcfirous to leave his wicked Courfe of
Life, and enjoy the P'ruits of his Adventures and Perils in
Peace, in his own Country j fo he engag'd JVhiihurn to fol,
licite a Pardon for him, which IfOutburn undertook, and it
was agreed that Eaton Hiould lie off the Streights Mouth on
the Bi4rbary Shore, to wait for it : But King James the firft'j
Minifters not being very (kilful and expeditious in their marl.
time Dilpatches, Eator^s Patience was tir'd our, and he en-
tered the Streights with his Ships and Treafure, and, as IP'hiu
burn writes, the Duke of Savoy took him into his Service, tho'
what Sea Work he had for him to do, is not cal'y to compre-
hend. We are told there was very little Froll this Year in
Newfoundland iiW Winter long, which, if true, is next to a
Miracle, as what I am about to relate, is, if not a Fable, the
Prodigy being greater than that of the Dtvonjhire Vicar's Lm.
Whitburn attefts it to be true, that he faw. it again and again
in the Sobriety of his Heart and Head j take it therefore in
his own Words.
Caft. Whit- « As I was walking by the River's Side, in the Harbour of,
m^r ^^"' *' St. John's, I (aw a ftrange Creature, which very fwiftiy came
** fwimming towards me, looking cheartully in my Face, ai
if it had been a Woman j by the Face and Eyes, NofeJ
Mouth, Chin, Ears, Neck and Forehead, it feemed to
be very beautiful and well proportion'd, having round
about the Head many blew Streaks refemblinz HairJ
*• Another of my Company, yet living, who was not fir froi
me, faw the fame coming fwiftiy towards me, at which
ftept back, for it wascome within the Length of a longPiki
fuppoimg it wou'd have fprung aland to nie, as I verily be]
lieve ir lud fuch Purpolc. But when it faw that I went froi
it, IX. div'd t little under Water, and fwam towards tl
Place where it lirfl landed, and often look'd back towarc
me, by which means I faw the Shoulders and Back do^
** to the Middle, white and fmooth as a Man's. It can
•* iKortly after to a Boat in the Harbour, wherein was mj
** Servans Pf^llhm Hawkridge, who is now Captain of 3
*' Ea/f 'India Ship: The fame Creature put both its HanJ
^ on the Side of tbe Boar, and ilrove much to ge: into 1

" he and tho(<
** full Blow o
" afterwards ci
'* where they ]
« fled to Land,
the Exaniinatit
tcfted rheTrur
pafs for the mofl
he was created,
than Ship News
In the Year e
rations, which w
ingat Top, abo
and the Fire in 1
Women, and 2 (
moderate. The
Turneps andCole
land; which is tl
other Grain canr
new Planters got j
and Otters for Si
things did not an:
grew weary of the
foon alienated fror
bad ManagementJ
kit the Manager
fome dcfedts in the
The next Year,
Sir Henry Manwa.
provided to fecure
Czpt Whitburn tna
himaCommiflionf
makt Jnquiry up@n (

mitted amongji Fijk
M foon as he arriv'

M of that kind thi
ments of Injuries in
andfeal'd k>y 170 J
flourifliing their V\^
^n :he Year itfi
irehas'd a Grant
'swell to the Soutt.^
'"•^wr^had noRiJj
oi^it WkiterT
John Vaughan,

iroet as well M a f

The Hijlory of Ne vv fou n dland . 7

« he and thole that were with him L;:ing afraid, (Iruck it a
*' full Blow on the Head, by which it fell from thence j ic
" afterwards came to two other Boars in the fame Harbour,
*' where they laid by the Shore, the Men in them for fear
« fled to Land." MlVhulurn and thofe other Men had pall
the Examination of wile and honourable Pcribnii, and at-
tcfted rhc Truth of this Spedtaclc upon Oath, it would
pafs for themoft prodigious Apparition that evcrMan faw fincc
lie was created, but a^ it is, one can take it to be no better
than Ship News.

In the Year enfuing, the EngUJ}) found fome Indian Habi- 'Cn.
rations, which were Hutts made of Poles fee round, and meet-
ing at Top, about JO Foot broad, cover'd with Deer Skins,
and the Fire in the middle. In the next Yoar, 54 Men, 6 '("xa-
Women, and 2 Children winter'd there, and the Seafbn prov'd
moderate. The Evglijh fow'd Wheat and Rye, and planted
Turneps andCoIeworts, which, 'tis faid, grew as well as in Eng-
land-, which is the more extraordinary, becaufe Wheat and
other Grain cannot now be brought to thrive there. The
new Planters got plenty of Fifli and Fowl for Food, and Bears
and Otters for Skins : But we have Reafon to believe that
things did not anfwer their Expedtations, for the Grantees
grew weary of their Adventures and Attempts, the Land being
foon alienated from them to others. IVhitburn imputes ic to
bad Management, but as he was endeavouring to be him-
lelt the Manager, one may reafonably fuppofe there were alfo
fome defcdts in the Climate and Country.

The next Year, Whitburn being again at Ktwfoundland^ "'M'
I Sir Henry Manvoaring came there with y ftout Ships, llrongly
provided to fecurc the Filhcry And in the following Year
Capt. IVhitburn made am < h<rr Voyage thither, and carry 'd with
himaComminion froPr the MmiT3^iy,to Impannel Juries and jt Court of
\muki Inquiry up^n Omtk^ <$/ divers Abufts and Diforders com- ^'i^n^'^ify
\miUed amongji Fijix men yearly on that Coaji, Accordingly^ '"'
as foon as he arrived there he held a Court of Admiralty, the
firft of that kind ihat ever was there holden. Several Prefent- r^fhry^here
ments of Injuries in Trade and Navigatioa were made, fign'd h the Eng-
land feal'd l^ 170 Maltcrs of i&'»f/^ Ships, which (hews how ''^*
jilourifliing their FiOiery then was.

In ihe Year itfif. Dr, Jf^tUiam Vaughan of Carmarthen^ 161 f.
^jrchas'd a Grant of the Patentees for part of the Country, ^•'•vaughaa
as well to the South^ as to ^Eaji^ which Ihews us that the^*J*l",/^,
frtnch had no Right nor Title to it. Dr. Vaughan was the here.

I of Sir Walter Paughati^ of Gtidtn Grove^ younger Son to
John Vaughan^ the firft Earl of Carberry. The Dr. was
iPoet as well m a Pbylician, and Author of feveral Writings

B 4 in

h '

'1
h.

y r^i

s\'

I •

IK'

r'l'::&:l:fl

i! I'

8 T'he Hijiory 0/ Newfoundland.

in Verfe and Profe. j1. Wood^ fays of him : " - Afterwards
fpending much Time in rambling to and fro', he took a long
Journey for the Honour and Benefit of the Nation, and
became the chief Undertaker for the Plantation in Cam-
hriol^ Little IVoles^ the Southermoft Part of Newfound-
land, now call'd by fome Britannioh, Little-Britain.^* But
whoever call'd it fo was pretty fmgular in the Name he gave
it, no ufe being then or (ince made of it, as I have any where
feen ; whether Cape Breton Ifle, in this Neighbourhood, is
taken from it, or Britanniola from that, is not worth Inquiry
or Speculation. That Dr. Faughan ftudied here as well as at

A Poet Hvet Oxford and elfewhere, appears by his Book, The Golden

and wrhis fj^.gcf^ difc barging the Errors of Religion^ the Vices and Decays
of the Kingdom, tranfported from Cambriol Colchos cut of the
Sruthermojl Part of the Ifland, call'd Newfoundland, where I
believe few People imagine there ever liv*d and wrote a Poet,
this Golden Flecc being in Verfe, dedicated to King Charles
the Firft, by the Author Dr. Faughan, who calls himfelf Or-
pheus junior, and were it not a trouble, one might remark, that
neither the Vicar's Lion, nor the Pilot's Mermaid, is more a
Prodigy, than an Orpheus in Newfoundland, tho' there was
one adtually there, if the Poet Faughan was lb. This N'eu-
foundland Poeai was printed in Quarto, in 16 z6. at which
time Dr. Faughan was ftill in that Country. A. PFood writ-
ing, I find nothing elfe relating to the Author, but that k
was living at Cambriol before mention'd, in 1628; if fohe
govern'd Cambriol, as he call'd ir, by his Deputies, before he
arriv'd there himfelf; for in 1615, Capt. JVhitburn went
thither as his Deputy^ or Manager, the what and whom he
had to manage, we have no particular Account of: IFhiu
burn writes, that Dr. Faughan made him Governor for Life,
that he failed thither with two Shipj with People and Provi-
fions for a Settlement, and Neceffaries for Fifhing, but that
one of the Ships was taken and plunder'd by an Englijh Rover;
that had been with Sir Walter Raleigh, at Guiana ; in that
unfortnnate Voyage, at theend of which he was put to Death.
This Capture fpoilt fFhitburn's fiftiing Voyage, and hinder'd|

c'l Viha^s ^'^ Plantation. We hear no mors of any fuch Thing at A'^fu;

GrLt htre.'*/°""^^^"^^ y ^^^ Sir George Calvert, Secretary of State, pro-|
cur'd a Grant of another Part of it, which he call'd Jvahn^
probably out of Veneration to the Memory of Jofeph of Arl-
mathea, who is fabled, by the Papilts, to have landed ii
Britain^ and to have built a Chapel for the Britons^ whom h(
had converted to Chriftianity, at Glaffenhury in Somerfetjhirn
then called Avalon ; Sir George Calvert being a Romanift
tho' to qualify himfelf for Offices, he had been an OccafmA

Conformijl to t

two Gentlemen

of Oxford, Cai

IFelJh College,

time. Sir George

Sir Robert' Cecily

afterwards princi

as he was, theU

fcntative in Parli

was not in New^

aifo created Ban

the Romifli RcJi

Fortune in King

the Reflraint of i

and fo refolv'd to

Sake, as the Pur,

Cau/e withdrawi

Company making

for that Part of th

in the Eoji, and

eredled into a Pro

tion'd.

How this Grant
former Proprietor;
himfelf within thei
it, or King James
Before Sir Georg
fent Perfons to pk
Capr. Edward IFy)
liaving a Commiffi
lie feated himfelf
Houfes, and Store
In May, rhe next
ftlin Bay, a League
Stores. There is n
venturers. Their
^\t^ made ufe of
the Country, to in
bnd there iettlej fo
[rent in their Accc
[of if.

Capt. IVynn, the
Wil^^QiAuguJ},
^tans eared and cd
Wthem in May, e
m contrary, yet the

Tie Htjlory o/'Newfoundland. 9

Conformlji to the Church of England It '\% probable thefe
two Gentlemen, Sir George Calvert and Dr. Vcughariy both
of Oxford^ Calvert of Trinity^ and Vaughan of "Jefus the
IVeljh College, were Inhabitants of this Illand at the fame
time. Sir George had, as a Proteftanr, been Under-Secretary to
Sir Rahert' Cecil, then one of the Clerks of the Council, and
afterwards principal Secretary of Stace ; and as much a Papift
as he was, the Univerlity ot Oxford chofe him their Repre-
fcmative in Parliament, y/. D. iGz^, which proves that he
was not in Newfcundland 'till after that Year, when he was
alfo created Baron of Baltimore^ in Ireland: His Zeal for
the Romifli Religion, wou'd have been no Lett to his
Fortune in King Jameses Opinion, if he cdu'd have borne
the Reftraint of a difguis'd Proteftant, which he cou'd not,
and fo refolv'd to withdraw to Ne^vfoundland, for Confcience
Sake, as the Puritans were at the fame time for the fame
Cauie withdrawing to New-England. The Netvfoundland
Company making no ufe of their Patent, he procur'd one
for that Part of the Illand which lies between the Bay o/BuUs^
in the Eaji, and Ci.pe St. Mary's in the South, which was
ereded into a Province, and called Avakn^ as before men-
tion'd.

How this Grant cou'd be made without the Confent of the
former Proprietors, we cannot comprehend, for he fettled
himfelf within their Limits, and he eithetagreed with them for
it, or King Jamei invaded the Company's Property.

Before Sir George Calvert remov'd to Avalon himfelf, he ^-^p- Wynne
fent Perfons to plant and prepare Things for his Reception. ^'■"^^^"'^''•
jCapt. Edward Wynne carry'd a fmall Colony thither in i(>zi,
having a CommilTion from Sir George to be their Governor.
He feated himfelf at Fcrryland, built a large Houfe, Out-
Houfes, and Store-Houles, and Rooms to lodge his People.
In May, the next Year, Capt. Daniel Powel arriv'd in Ca-
Uilin Bay,a League from Ferryland,mth Supplies of Men and
Stores. There is no trulling to the Relations of the firft Ad-
venturers. Their Hearts were fet upon a Settlement, and
they made ufe of their Imaginations in the Defcription of -
the Country, to invite the Englijh to follow them thither,
and there lettle; for the Land and its Product is very diffe-
Irent in their Accounts of it, and thofe that are now given
lofit.

Capt. Wynn, the Governor, wrote to Sir George Calvert
Ithe 17th oiAugu/i, 1622 : We hzivclFheat, Barley, Oats and
\Beans eared and codded; and tho* the late /'owing and Jetting
Mthem in May, or the Beginning of June, might occafion
m contrary y yet they ripen now Jo fajl^ that it carries the

Like '

3; 1 if ■

! t

.*• '.:

{<iV-

l-Hr-

^''\

11,.

'< fe

to Tlfe Hiflory of Newfoundland.

Likelihood of an approaching Harvejl. We have alfo a pUn.
tiful Kitchen-Garden of many things, and fo rank, that /
have not feen the like in England. Our Beans are exceeding
good J our Peafe Jhall go without Compare, for they are in
fame Places as high as a Man of an extraordinary Stature •
RaddijI) as big as my Arm ; Lettice, Ca/Cy Cabbage, Turneps
Carrots, and all the reji is of like Goodnefs, IVe have a
Meadow of about three Acres', it fourijhed lately with mam
Cocks of good Hay, and now it is made up for a f fainter feed-
ing. We hope to be well fitted with many Acres of Meadow
againjl another Tear, Of Pajiure Land we have already to
ferve at lea/l 300 Head of Cattle. Capt. Powell ^ in his
Letter to Sir George Calvert, of the 28th of July, 1622
writes as follows: The Land whereon our Governor hath
planted is fo good and commodious, that for the Quantity /
think there is no better in many Parts ^England. His Hoitff
which is firong and well contrived, /lands very warm at tht
Foot of an eafy^afcending Hill on the South- Eaji, and defended
with a Hill /landing on the further Side of the Haven on
the North'WeJU tbe Beach on the North and South-fides of tht
Land lock itj and the Seas on both Sides are fo near, that om
may /hoot a Bird- Bolt into either Sea. \o Cold can offend
it, tho* it be accounted the coUleil Harbour in the Laid', and
the Seas do make the Land behind it to the South-Eajl, beinp
near 1000 Acres of good Ground for Hay., feeding of Cattle
and Plenty of Wood, almofi an Ijland, fafe to keep any thing
from ravenous Beojls, I have, fmce my Coming, been a littla
eibroad, and find much good Ground for Meadow, Pa-i
Jlure and arable about Aquaforr, as well near the Head oftk
Harbour, as all the way between that and Ferryland. Thtmc ij' r — --i
Nearnefs of the Place, and the Spacioufnefs of thefe GroundsMT , v ^^^ ^'
will give Comfort and Help to the prefent Plantation. In the I 7^"? ^?Pi ^^ ^«
Clofe of his Letter wc fee the Inducement he hadtofayl 1" * J^^ ^'''/\
fuch fine things of the Country: If a Plantation be therMZ "» ^rsntty, St
this next Spring fettled, and your Honour will let me bifw-W^l^ ^^^^^ • "^ '
ni/hedwith Charters, and give me Leave to work, I make wBj,, • " ^^^^ *" '^
doubt but to give your Honour and the refi of the UndertahsMp J°^, setter Se
fuch Content y that you fl)all have good Encouragement to proceed, I. mj"^^^° ^^^
Thefe two Adventurers, Capt. Wynn and Capt. ^^1^ 5 ^''''y^''»d.
being Wel/hmen, one may fuppofe they were the more" ""^ °"' *'"'^
ready to vific this Land on Account of their Country
Dr. Vau' ■ - - '

Whithur

The

Capt. Daniel

Mr. John Hie

Mr. Nicholas

Mr. Robert S

Sy bill Dee, ^

Elizabeth Ke)

Joan Jackfon^

Thomas Wilfot

John Praler,

John Bevell, f

Ben. Hacker,

Nic.Hitickfon,

Robert Bemiet.

Will. Hatch, .

Henry Duke, \

If^illiam Shurpi

Capt. Wynn fee
brought to great
We read that
h eland, km a Co
under y^r, Francis
PropriL- , :^:{i „,
rmceT^;; i^ La
/^/^ returned hom
Sir George Calv
fatisiied with the
Avalon^ that he rd

get a

, and go
J Deputies. His So

:.yaughan, whofc Settlement muft have gone on 'afteilf L j*^^. P^J^'^'ons
hitburn^s Voyage, if, as Mr. Wood writes, he himfelf wJ?. n ^^i^^T^^

fided here, anci was here living in 162%. Wl ^'''""^ ^''•^.

Capt. Wynn fent Sir George Calvert the following Lift o|S ^° ^^'5^ ^'^

the Pcrfons who winter'd and ftaid with him in 1622. K™'*^' -J? . '7 ^

Cap

ne Hrftory of Newfoundland.

Capt. Daniel Powel. Mr, Rob. Flejhman^ Surgeon.

yit.Jobn Hichfony Saltmaker. Henry Brings Husbandman.
yix. Nicholas Hoikins,

Girls.

Mr. Robert Stoning,
Sybill Dee, Maid.
Elizabeth Kerne,
Joan Jackjon, J

■nmas ^^/M I Smiths.
John Praler, J

John Bevell, Stonelayer.

Ben. Hacker, Quarryman.

hJicJiinckfon, y

Robert Bcnuet, > Carpenters.

mil. Hatch, 3

Henry Duke, Boatfmafter.

IFillium Shurpus, Taylor.

Owen Evans.

Mary RuJJel.

Eliz, Sharpus.

Ifohn Bayley.

ylnr. Bayley, his Wife.,

Widow Bayley.

yofeph Panjer.

Robert Rcw, Fidierman.

Philip Lane, Cooper.

fi^'n°ir ?Boatfmafte».

PeterJVotton, \

Ellis Hinkfon.
Gregory Flejhman, ^ ^
Richard Higgins, \ '

In all thirty two.

Capt. irynn fet up a Salt- Work at Ferryland, which was
brought to great Perfedion by Mr. John Hickfon.

We read that the Lord Faulkland, Lord-Lieutenant of
If eland, fenr a Colony to Newfoundland in the Year 162"^^
under Mr, Francis Tanfield, probably in Concert with the
proprii,:' "^.ft named, the Chief of whom was Sir Lau-'
Yincc Tc / /, Lord Chief Baron ; but this Sir Francis Tan-
I pld returned home without making any Settlement.

Sir George Calvert, made Lord Balti?nore, was (o well

fatisfied with the Account given him of his Plantation of

Avalon, that he removed thither with his Family, built a

fine Houfe and ftrong Fort at Ferryland, and dwelt rhere

feveral Years ; as did Dr. Vaughan, on the other 8fide of the

i Ifland. The Bri/iol Plantation was in being ftill, and Con-

i ttption. Trinity, St. John's, Cape de Raz and other Stages

were every Year frequented by great Numbers of Englijh

Adventurers in the Fifliing Trade. The Lord Baltimore^

having a better Settlement in view at Virginia, return'd to

\England to get a Grant of the Country, which is fince

call'd Maryland. However, he ftill retained the Property

of Avalon, and governed the little Colony at Ferryland by

[Deputies. His Son, Cecil Lord Baltimore, did the fame,

till the Diftra<5tions in England, during the Civil Wars, ren-

Ider'd his PofTeHion precarious^ and about the Year 1^54,

Sir David Kirk, whom I take to be a demolifti'd Cavalier, .r,v Da

who, to patch his tatter*d Fortune, refolved to change the Kirki

IClimate, and try whether that of America would not agree*'""""'

jbetter with it than that of Britain had done. Having the

Warrant

' \mT-. wi. •erf

W'' 111
%\ ■ : i

'■M

•\ :

■ >\i:\

7he Bijiory of Newfoundland.

!^:

Warrant of the then Govcrnmenr, he went to Newfoundland^
and poflefs'd himfelf of the Lord Baltimore's Plantation
which he afterwards f:reated with that Lord to purchafej but
the Family of Calvert would never formally part with their
Pretences, notwithllanding which, Sir Z)r/x»/^ lived there fomc
time ; there he died, and gave his Name to a Sound in the
touih-lf'ej} ShoxCj not far from Cape Breton. He will be
mentioned again in Nova Scotia-^ what is faid of him and
his Expedition againft the French at Canada ^ in my firft
Edition, is here redtify'd.

It is a vain Contefl on the fide of the EngHJh^ as well as
French, to pretend to a Right to a Country, becaufe a
Frenchmar,, or an Euglifljman., or aviy Man in Engfijh or
- French Pay firft faw it. Jn fadt neither of th( rn have any
real Right to it. 'Tis in the Aborigines or Natives of fuch
Country, and that Right extends to it, whether they think
fit to cultivate it or not. The Europeans who found any
Part of America^ landed, poirefs'd ir, and kept the PoITeflion,
were doub^lefs entitled to it, exclufiveof all other Europeany
but the French had no fuch Pretenfion to aiiy Part of New^
foundland^ whereas the Englijh had poiTefs'd, planted and
fettled here 5o Years befo-? the French began to fettle ad
fortify the Places they pofiTefs'd thcmfelvcs of, Placcuna^
and St. Peter's^ &c. on tiie Southern Shore, l^'hitbim
fpeaks of Placentia as a Bay and Harbour, or Stage for the
7he Frsrch Fifhery^ but not of any /r^;;f^!» Settlement there, which was
^s'X"^ '*' begun foon after King Charles 11. was reftored, and by the
Skoar^ Advantage of the French Colony in the Neighbourhood at
Canada^ thofe Intruders foon put tliemfclves into a Con-
dition to maintain Footing againft not only the Clamours j
but the Ppwer of the EngUJh Army, having a more numc- ,
rous Colony, and better Fortifications to defend them. Tiiefe
Fortifications are now indeed in EngliJI) Hands ; but they
make ufe ftill of their old Harbours alfo, as their fmall Settle-
ments here were term'd, and not Towns., a Name indeed
which they did not defcrve. Thefe Settlements began at
firft at Cape St. Mary\ on the Southern Shore, and after-
wards were fcatter'd along the Coaft at 8 or lo Miles
Diftance from one Harbour to another as far as Grcenpond-A
palfmg Cape de Raz, the moft Eaftcr ly Point of Land in!
the J (land, we come to

ivr7/<?«^,wherewereabout3o Houfesand Families whenlj
Cape Broil, . . . . i z nrft publifh'd this Hiftoryj
Bay of Bulls, ... 20 This was the firft Settle-f
Brigas Bay, , . . , 6 ment, and the Lord Bali
Bell Inn, 3 Toad'i

Toad's Cove
Mummables
P tty Harboi
St. John's 1

The latter i
'Tis fifuated wit
form'd by a R
Mouth of that
the North-fide a
l\\Q Scuih'/tde, V
or 10 Guns, wl;
this Harbour, j
Enemy to come
'iiiS a Chain of
a-crofs it from o
Church before t
(ti either it mu:
ic.'ated, for we 1
tlKiie Foriificatioi
Invafion. The
and every Family i
called a Stage, tc
about the Middle
fuch Deftrudlion
ings nearer the
mounted with aboi
by Col. Richards
thither on purpofe,
have been in Pofiu
and Danger from
the Garrifon !iere.
Company, but no
were 60 Soldiers
Command; there
Right Hand and
the Commander's
Moderne, wit/- Sa<
as before the Engl
[Next to St. John'i

Kittavitty^ .
Torbay, . .
Idolyrocd,
Salmon Cove, .
iiavrs de Grace,
^arboneer..

The Hijlory of Newfoundland.

Tond'^s Cove, . » . . 2 tifnore's Houfe and Plan-
Mummables Bay, ... 6 ration were near it.
P tty Harbour, , . , 6
St. John's Town, . . 60

The latter is highly honoured in being called a Town.
'Tis (iruated within the Neck of the Harbour, within the Bay,
form'd by a River which falls into the Sea there: The
Mouth of that Harbour is about half a League over: On
the North-fide at the Entrance is a Battery, and another on
the Souih-Jide, where there is a covered Fortification, and 8
or 10 Guns, which, with the oppofite Battery, commands
this Htirbour, and renders it almoft impoffible for au
Enemy to come at St. John's Town ; there being, befides
f.hiSj a Chain of 1 5 Tons Weight, which may be let down
a-crofs it from one Fortification to another. There was a
Church before the French enter'd the Place and deftroy*d
it ; either it mull not have been fo ftrong as we have juft
related, for we find it was not impo/Tible to take it, or
thefe Fortifications muft have been made fince the French
Invafion. The Houfes were built on the Northern Shore,
and every Family had a fort of a Wharf before their Houfes,
called a Stage, to dry their Fifli on. The Church flood
about the Middle of the Town ; but after the French made
fuch Deftrudion there, the Engli/h removed their Dwell-
ings nearer the Fort for their Security. The Fort is
mounted with about 50 Guns, including the Outworks added
by Col. Richards when he commanded there, and was fenc
thither on purpofe, being a skilful Ingincer. Since the Engl'ifo
1 have been in Pofielfion of the whole Ifland, their Fears of
and Danger from the French are very much diminifh'd ; and
the Garrifon here, which confifted of a whole independent
Company, but now feldoth exceeds 15 or 20 Men. There
were 60 Soldiers in the Fort when Major Floyd had the
Command; there are Barracks for them within it on the
Right Hand and on the Left, and oppofite to the Gate is
the Commander's Houfe, a very fair E^^ifice, built a la
\Uoderne, witr, Sadi Windows, now not To much regarded
as before the EngUjh were put in PofTclTioa of Plaantia.
Next to St. John's Town is,

Kittavitty, . .
7 or bay, . . .
Holyrocd,

Salmon Cove, ,
Havn de Grace,
Cerbonecr^ . ,

20 Houfes and Families.
4. Houfes.

V.t 1 f

'\:

llv-i

Bav

l^he Hiftory of Ncwfoundlanci.
Bay Virds, . i 10 Houfes and Families.

Old Parlikln^ .

. 6

Trinity Harbour,

. 11

Bonavijl, .

' aT

Greenpond, . .

• 3

lie

ftcep Rocks.

fhere fpoken o

Anticojii^ about

Circuit : Tis fi

Canada^ and hj

Between //////Vg/?

was the beft Q

have no Right

want the Coafts

for they telj us,

denfn it is comir

T\^ certain fo mj

<s far from being

being the beft or

Eriglifl) or French

Tlio' there is \

V ^^ Z^i«^/ has bee

'M was not imprope

and are ftilj, ,„ for

f;'

In all about 270 Famih'es, each of which is very large
and all together, before the French deftroyed the Settlements
Kumhtf ef from Cape de Rax to St. John*s Town, contained 4000
iMk^iitant,. j^^^iijjj Inhabitants, Meii, Women and Children j tho' there
were but 1500 Souls Englijh in 1^98, the Numbers increaling
a'^'' ' the Rate of 500 every Year, till they came to be up-
V iS of 4000. They have not increafcd fo fmcej and
njiwithftanding the Englijh are in Pofleflion of the whole
illand, the Number of Souls Englijh is not now 6000.

When the French landed, moft of the People fled to St.
yohn's Town, and all that could croud into the Fort were
lafe there, thofe that could not were abandoned to the
Mercy of the Enemy, who burnt all the Houfes in the
Weft End of the Town ; and the few they left, were, as I yond"Cape"'i9" *"*
they faid, only (pared that they might be a Receptacle for I Century when'^th*
them when they came there again, which they threatnedtoBcr/<?«6tf«V-Ifland *
do, but never did. They befieged the Fort with 1000 Men.B^,?// Pa^t of th 'p
Major Loydf who was then Governor there, having a \>rcnfMSouth-ff^//f Th '
good Garrifon, made a gallant Defence for five Weeks to- ""

gether, during which Time the French held them in
continual Play, Night and Day, with Attacks id A-
larms; and at laft, wearied out with the vigorous Re.
fiftance they made, retired, carrying off half of the Englifil
Prifoners, with the reft, fecured themfelves and the beft]

of their EfFeds in the Fort. Tkt French wanted Scorei ^

themfelves, and if the Sloop they expedled from ^ebec hifltKceilent^HarbtT *^
arrived with Supplies, they intended to have attack'd thfeft and South C^'
Redoubt ag^in, and have ftorm'd the Fort. Boafting, if theSe more common?*
had St. John's Town, they would keep all the Fiihery t*? the Countrv J^
themfelves. The Englijh have not only had St. John'M Qa that which
Town all along^, but they have now alfo Placentia, 5JL^« ^^^ j^ , ^
Prter's and the wnole Ifland of Newfoundland i yet they havpirms towards thi M
not kept, and cannot keep the Fifliery to themfelves.

Under, the Name of Newfound/and^ call'd, as 1 have fai
already. The Land by Sea-men, the Ifles are compri
bended which lie on the Wejl-fide of it, in the Gulph of .Ji
ijiftin^i^- Laurence : They are 15 in Number, of which, the moj
confiderable are Cape Breton Ifle, St. John's Ifle, 90 Mili

9 and it 1

the North

at all in the Eqjffr
Bays upon the Coa
VBonaviJf, Trinity,
jwards the South-lVt
Ibour, the Bay of .
\here \% no Shore in

luuitdland.

towards the N
Peter*% Ijeg on
eagues difliint from
ince of other Bays
the Great Bay, an
ly, which hes in at
'loufly fituated to

long, 48 broad, and 270 in Circumference. Tfis propcffc three Arms R
nothing elfe but a great Forcft of Fir-trees, furrounded wifflyndred Safj ^

Shi

He Hiflory of Newfoundland.

deep Rocks. Cape Breton is Part of New-Scotland, and
there fpoken of. The Ifle of AJfumption is alfo called
Anticojii, about ^o Leagues long, 12 broad, and 140 in
Circuit : Tis fituated at the Mouth of the great River of
Canada^ and has a pretty good Haven, call'd Bears Port,
Between Anticojii and the Flat IJland fome Writers fay, there
was the beft Cod-Filhingj if To, and it is agreed that we
have no Right to Canada^ then the French do neither
want the Coafls of Newfoundland^ nor Cape Breton Iflej
for they tell us, that in this Sea, off of the Terra Cana-'
denfis it is common to take 100 an Hour of the beft Fifli.
'Tis certain fo many have been caught in an Hour ; but it is
as far from being a common thing, as that Place is from
being the beft on thefe Coafts for Fifhing j neither do the
Englifl) or French ever fi(h between thefe Illands.

Tlio' there is great Alteration in the Sctderoents fince
'i he Land has been entirely in Pofleflfion of the Evgltjh \ yet
it was not improper to take Notice, what they were formerly,
and are ftill, in fome Meafure: They did not fit down be-
yond Cape Bonavijl till about the latter End of the laft
Century, when they made a Settlement, not very large, at
|(?m«po»^-Ifland, and then took up the North- Eaji and
I EaJi Part of the Country, as the French did the South and
hmth-fVtfl. The Indians, very few in Number, living in
the North ^ and it is fuppofed they never had any Dwellings
lat all in the Eajiern and Sbuthern. There are feveral fine
\Bays upon the Coafts of which the Englijb firft fettled at
iBonavi/li Trinity, Conception, which ftretch themfelves to-
Iwards the South-lVeJI j Torbay and Capelin, St. John^s Har-
Ibour, the Bay of Bulls^ Frejfh IVater Bay and others : For
Ithere is no Shore in the World fo well accommodated with
excellent Harbours, and the Bottoms of the Bays on the
h^ and South Coafts are fo near each other, nothing could
more commodious for eafy Communication with all Parts
pf the Country, were there Inhabitants that wanted it.

On that which was the French Side are the Bays of Tre- NcvrfbunJ.
)Q[ey, St. Mary% Borrtll and Placentia^ which extend their land, n^r
\rms towards the North or oppofite Coaft. The great Bay of c^"*****
It. Peter*s lies on the South- ff^e/i Side of the Ifland, 20
Leagues diflcint from the River of Canada. There are abun-
ince of other Bays round about xhcWeJiern Shore, as i^^^^"^/''*
I the Great Bay, and many more between that and Trinity
vj, which lies in about 49 Deg. N. L. and is very com-
iiouily fituated to receive Shipping in bad Weather, It
1^ three Arms or Rivers, long and large enough for many
undred Sail of Ships to moor faft at Ancl^or, above a

Mile

"^t

Climjite*

in Winter.

,«'

l6 The Illjlory of Newfoundland.

Mile from the Harbour's Mouth. The Bay of Flowers^
near Greenpond^ is dangerous for Shelves, The Bay'of Tre-
fnfey^ which was the Bounds of the Engli/h^ Southward,
lies in about 46 Dcg. N. L. is a bold -^nd fafe Coaft, and
convenient for Ships in Diftrefs to louch at, palfing to and
from Firginia, Neiv-Engjand^ or the Bermudas Iflands,

The Climate is very hot in Summer and cold in Winter;
The Naturalifts folve this by the bleak Winds that come off
from the Mountains of Snow and Lakes of Ice on that
Continent, from the Lakes of the Maquoh and Ilinois, &c.
to the utmoft Bounds of North America ^ known to Euro-
perms. The Snow lies on the Ground 4 or 5 Months; and
the EngUjh in the Northern Parts were forced formerly from
the Harbours into the Woods, during that Scafon, for the

»rrfyftf/;v'wj5Conveniency of Firing. There they built themfelves Cab-
bins, and burnt up all that Part of the Woods where they
fat down. The following Winter they did the fame in an-
other Place, and fo cleared the Woods as they went. The
People at St. John's Town, who did not remove, were put
to great Streights for Firing. Wood indeed there was more
than enough ; but the felling and fetching was very charge*
able. Capt. Francis, who commanded there, and was there
in the Winter Seafon, told me, it was the grcateft Part of
the Profits of the fmaller Officers in the Garrifon to let out
their Men to cut and fetch Wood at very good Rates. He
faid there was hardly any ftirring out of the Houfe for five
Months in the Year ; and I faw a Letter, written in A'^w;-
foundland by a Merchant, Mr. John Horjham of P/y?nouth^
whom Lofles in Trade had obliged to remove thither, where-
in this Cold is reprcfented almoft as intenfe as Fire, with
which hey endeavoured to aflwage it ; but at a great Ex-
pence to thofe that indulged thcmfelves in it. That Mer-
chant lived and died there in King IVilUam^g Reign j but
very little recovered his Lofles by it.

The Inhabitants have no Corn, nor any other fort of Pro-
vifion or Neceflaries, except Fijh^ Venifon and Wild Fowl,
but what is fent them from Europe. The Illand is full ofl
Mountains and impradicable Forelts. Its Meadows are like|
^ Heaths;, and are covered with a Sort of Mofs in (lead oi

Grafs. The Soil is good for nothing, being a Mixture ol
Gravel, Sand and Scones. Thus fays the Baron La Hontan^
and feveral Gentlemen, whom. I have confulced on the Mat
ter, particularly Cape. Francis above-mention'd ; and yet Mrj
Guy, Capt. Whitburn, and from them Mr. Debet, a ver;

Tai'e Vc- learned Author, fet it out as a Paradife. Without the Laku\
Icrii'thH fit. of Mens Hands, fays Capt. Whitburn, the Earth prodi

Si.il barren.

greatPlenty of ^
Strawberries,
are there in a
Ground is as ,
intirciy ftlfe, j
turers to /^ffje,
and Partners, j
the Number «
Patentees got ii
far off for then
fVhitkt^rn were
be inhabited, b
Ws in Truth on
habitable WorJc
lijh for the Seal
wretched for its
ter'd hy the Cha
no fetried Cover
fterofa Ship thj
commanded only
vcrnor for that S(
and it was cuftor
Mailers of Ships
hopes to be firit
Loi^Qs had happer
more noble j for t
Commander of th
thither to defend
jForeigners fi/hing (
It feems there wa
fore, than m the
who got fo much
mncc dearly paying
here, as to pretend
fofar, that they i
[Court, to get the-
to the Spaniards h]
\Ttcht by the Earl
"^ri/fo/. That this
le Minifters for
i« known to every
^^h the Lord Le
»fly to Spain, wh
cere about to be
'Vjen to the Duke i
wajc to the Mi

Vhe flijlory of Newfoundland.

greatPlenty of Green Pectfe and great Store of Hay fpontaneoufly;
StraivberrieSy Rafpberries^ Mulberries^ Filberds^ and Cherries
are there in abundance ; as alfo Floivers ; and for 6V», the
Ground is as apt to bear as the Englifh. All which being
intirciy falfe, fliews us that the firft Patentees and Adven-
turers to Amerl:a play'd the Cheat to drav/ in Purchafers
and Partners, afi our 'jobbers do to raife Stocks and increafe
the Number of Bubbles; for Ms obvious that moft of the
Patentees got in only to fell out ; but the Market was too
far off for them to make a Hand of it. Mr. Guy and Capt.
IVhitk^irn were, as we may perceive, willing the Iflandftiould
be inhabited, by the fair Defcription they gave of it ; for
'tis in Truth one of the moil: uncomfortable Places in the
habitable World. As it is fcarcc tolerable to the Eng"
lijh for the Seafons, fo it is, or at lead it waK, no lefs
wretched for its Government, which I fuppofe is little bet-
ter'd by the Change of the Seat of it. There ufually was a^y„„r„f„ti
no fettled Governor, but in time of Peace the firft Ma-
iler of a Ship that arrived there in Fiftiing Seafon, tho* he
commanded only a Hark of 30 or 4.0 Tons, was chief Go-
vernor for that Seafon, by the Stile oi Lord of the Harbour'^
and it was cuftomary fo long ago as PFh'ttburn^& Time, for
Mailers of Ships to hurry away too early in the Year in
j hopes to be firft at the Fifliery, by which he fays great
iLolTes had happen'd. In time of War the Government was
more noble ; for then it was lodged in the Commanders or
Commander of the Squadron of Men of War, who was fent
thither to defend the Fifl)ers of our Nation^ and to prevent
Foreigners fifhing there,which was always in their Inflrudions.
It feems there was no more Care taken of that Fifliery be-
fore, than in the Utrecht Treaty; and that the Spaniards ^
who got fo much by that Treaty, that we have been ever *
Ifmcc dearly paying for it, made fo bold with the Filh-Trade
Ihere, as to pretend to a Right to it; in which they went ^
Ifo far, that they fent one Gillingham an Irijh Papiji to our nia'ds^p*-
ICourt, to get the Liberty of Filhing at Newfoundland yielded und to tht
Ito the Spaniards by the Treaty which was managing at £/- ^P^'^^'
yecht by the Earl of Strafford and Dr, Rob'mfon Bilhop of
YiJIol. That this Gillingham was far from being fnubb'd by
Minifters for coming about fuch an impudent Bufinefs
ks known to every one that knows any thing of tiie Matter :
fay, the Lord Lexington^ who had not refufed the Em-
|)a{ry to Spain, when that Monarchy and the JVeJi- Indies
vere about to be ravifli'd from the Houfe of Aujiria and
[iven to the Duke of Anjouy thought this IriJh Papift was io
velcome to the Mioiftry, that, in his Letter to the Lord

C Dartmouthy

W. i%

r'T^e

.'i

1', • ^.''l/

t .'

The Hijlory o/Newfouniknd.

'.I

l.fi:

\l l!

Darimcutb, then one of the Secretaries of State, he fre.
quently excufes himfelf for not writing upon that SubjeiJ^
' becaufe they had full Accounts of the Matter from Mr!
Gillingham. Nay, the Queen's Plenipotentiaries above-nicn-
tioned went fo far, as to fuffer a Claufe to be infcrted at the
End of the i^th Article of the Peace with Spahiy whereby,
to ufc the Words of the Report of the Secret Committe:
they gave a Pretence to the Spaniards to claim a Right tj fij};
at Newfoundland, contrary to the yth and %th Article cf
the Treaty mad with that Crown by Sir William Godolphin.
The Board of Trade being confulted in this Matter, made
the following Anfwer to Lord DarL.iouthy dated January ij,
f*»7ut""h''7**'''' ^^ ^^^* con/tdered the Extra£i of a Memorial
Htuideu^ ^ffom the Mar qui i de Monteleone, relating to a Claim of tk
Inhabitants of Guipufcoa, to jijh on the Coaji of Newfound-
land ; and thereupon take Leave to inform your Lordfhip^ that
we have dijcourfed withfuch Per font as are able to give us In-
formation tn that Matter^ and we find that fome Spaniards au
come hither with Pajfes from her Majejiy^ and others maj
have fijhed there privately j but never any that we can learn dldia
it as of Right belonging to them. W e fee by this, that even
before the Cbnclufion of that French Peace the Queen's
Partes had been given to the Spaniards, to take the Benefit
of the moft profitable Branch of the Englijh Commerce.
I thought it was better to put thefe things together, tho'
they are antedated, that the Light in which they fland
might be theilronger^ the Spaniards have not carried their
Point in it, and by the 4th Article of the Treaty Mr.
Dodington made in December^ 'T^Sj fo^ic of the GrounJ
loft to them by the Utrecht Peace, was recovered, and all
Innovations made in Trade were to be abolifh'd j the moli
fcandalous of which was their filhing at Newfoundland. To
return to the Subjef);, which has been interrupted by this.
If there came two or three Men of War, the eldel
Captain was Governor of the Land, as well as Admiral ai
Sea : If but a (ingle Man of War, the Cotnmander had thai
honourable Oifice; and in the Abfence of the Captains ol
the Men of War, and of the Lord of the Harbour^ thi
Commander of the Land Forces in the Fort of St. John)
Town was Governor by his Place, and both the one and thi
other were Lord Chancellors, and decided arbitrarily in
Cafes. There is no need of much Law, for the Inhabitaoi
have not much Land, and no Money. They truck witi
one another for what they want and have ; and Breaches
the Peace, and taking away a Man's Goods without givin{
Truck, dealing of Nets and Filhing-Tacklc, and TrefpafTe

on Stages, are
vcrnor for the ti
The Govcrnc
Criminal, whatc
tence was definii
every one in av
ktecrs; and as
Lazu and Lawyer
ieaft Inconvenicf
fern in Chains to
him, which is c:
his Trial at the (
gain; fuch was th
domy about 30 ^
As for the Pro(
ire the moft rema
\o{ Norway^ but J
lif they can catch
themfdves with Sp
big here as any wh
ibound in this If]
'oxes, Squirrels, \
'Jcnty of Food, Pi
nt every Body gc
liraoft full of it; I
"'q/itry, Salmon,
ifinite Number
;ery broad, nor loi
Springs of good Wj
let Vvirh every whc
renicnce in th;; Col
[raws fuch Numbei
''is indeed one of
fe confefs'd fo to b<
^ed by the Engllj
'rm/j Opportunitie;
lemfdves in this Ii
the Trade of tha
'afts • for thofe of
, the Coafts of Con
Befides the great Pi
pFiHiery, the Sean

re<

i the Shipping it .^
noiefsthan^ or 4c
th the Charge only
ids, fliajl bring tc

Tlx Hiflory »/" Newfoundland.

efpaffi

on Stages, are the main Caufcs that come l)efore the Go-
vernor for the time being.

The Governor here for the time being fummoned the
Criminal, whatever be the Crime, before him, and his Sen-
tence was definitive. If it was the Land Officer, he kept
every one in awe, by threatning them with a File of Muf-
](etccrs; and as much as they were, and ftill arc, without
Law and Laivyersy the Want of them was and is one of their
Icaft Inconvenicncics. If a Man commits Murder, he is c^phai
fent in Chains to tingland^ and unlefs Witnefles are feiit with ^'t"/'' "»«
him, which is expenfive, and not always pofTible, he takes '"'^ *'^'
his Trial at the Old Baily^ is acquitted, and goes home a-
gain i fuch was the Cafe of a Pcrfon who was accufed of So-
domy about 30 Years ago.

As for the Produd of this Country, Fir and Spruce-trees produa»

are the mod remarkable. They are as fit for Mads as thofe

of Norway j but People go to Newfoundland for Cod, and

if they can catch that, there is no great need of troubling

themfclves with Spruce or Fir. Lime and Birch-trees are as

here as any where ^ and almoft all forts of Timber-trees

[bound in this Ifland. As for .'^uadrupedesy Deer, Hares, ^/Mr*

oxes, Squirrels, Wolves, Bears, Beavers and Otters afford

lenty of Food, Pleafure and Traffick ; but Fifli is the thing

tat every Body goes thither for : The Sea, on this Coafl is

ilraoft full of it; as Cod, the Staple Commodity of the fijf,

""ou^try, Salmon, Herrings, Mackarel, Flounders, and an

finite Number of Trouts in the Rivers, which are not

ery broad, nor long^ but there is enough of them, and of

Iprings of good Water. Fowl for Food and Game is to be

let Vvith every where of all Sorts, and is the greateft Con-

renicnce in thw- Country. But the Trade is the Magnet which

bws fuch Numbers of Voyagers and Adventurers after ir.

is indeed one of the mod beneficial in all Commerce ;

lis confefs'd fo to be, and yet it has been mifcrably neg-

:ed by the Engl'ijh^ who, thereby, not only gave the

mch Opportunities to fall into it, but to fettle and fortify

lerafdves in this Wand ; by which Means they rivaJl'd us

the Trade of that Fijl^ which was caught on our own

lafts ; for thofe of Newfoundland are as properly fo call'd

the Coafts of Cornwal.

Bcfides the great Profit which particular Merchants make by

|i$ Fifliery, the Seamen it breeds, thcTradefmen it maintains,

the Shipping it requires, the Increafe of the National Stock

[nolefs than 3 or 400000/. yearly; for a Ship of 100 Tonj),

ith the Charge only of Victuals and FiHiirig-tackle for 20

ids, lliall bring to Market, in Portugal^ Spainy or Italy,

C2 3000/,

. !

^: '

''.(■

. : y.r

i S-

1/;>1

k,>

I"i

^^fF^.

I 't«j

•lii

20 77;^ J///?(?ry o/ Newfoundland.

3000/. worth of Fifh, and clear at Icaft 2000/. to the Proprietors,
and confcqucntly encrcafcs the publick with private Stock.
Tht Banki. Tho' our Filhers fcldom fifli on the Banks, but off the
Harbours in Sloops, yet the Gnat Bank and the others arc
fo much talk'd of, that 'twill be cxpcded we fliould lay
fomething of them. Thefe Banks are vaft Shoals of Sandi
lying along in the Ocean, at feveral Diftances from the Shore.
The Gi eat Bank is about ao Leagues from Cape de koz^
the nearefl Point of Land to it. It is 300 Miles long, and
75 broad i the Sea that runs over it is, when 'tis Flood, feveral
Fathom deep, and the largeft Ships may venture upon it
without fear of ftriking, except at a Place called the f^irgim, I
where 'tis thought feveral Ships have been caft away; for
many pafling near them have never been heard of. The
next Bank is f^ert Bank^ about 240 Miles long, and 120I
Miles over, where 'tis broadcll. Then Banquero Bank ly.
ing in the Shape of a Shoe, about the Bigneis of the other,
Then the Shoals of Sand-IJland, Whalt-Bank, the Shoalil
of Acadia y and the Bank of the Ifland of 5/. Ptterh BiA
Off the latter, now or lately almoft wholly frequented by
the French^ and on the Coafts there have been 6 or 700I
Sail of Ships fifhing at a Time. Round the Grtat Ban]t\
which is cover'd when the Sea is high, and dry in fomcl
Places at ebb, there are 200 Fathom Water on all Sides ofitf
and about it lie feveral fmall IJJandsy call'd Los Buchahosy M
Ifles of Cod-Fifh, from the prodigious Quantity of Cod there]
The Firtiing Seafon is from Spring to September ; the 2cil
of Auguji^ fome Years ago, ufed to be the laft Day of the SeaJ
ion, and kept as a Holiday ; but lately the Fiiliers (iaj
longer : And whereas before they ufed to fail for Portugal anl
the Streights in September^ they now feldom fail till OSloh^
They fiih always in the Day-time, the Cod not biting
Night. Train-Oil is drawn off the Livers of the Fill
which are thrown up in Heaps when the Cod is cured ; an
from thence is drawn all the OH which comes from A'a
foundland.

There are two Sorts of Trade in this Navigation j t|
one, and I believe the more profitable, confidering the Rij
is lefs, is that driven by the Fifliers themfelves, who ocf
vidlual and man their Ships at Biddiford^ Pool, Dartmoui
and other Weftern Ports chiefly, and go away early to fij
having the Hands and the Ships neceflary. The other
when the Maflers fail directly to the Land to purchafe
goes of Fifli of the above-mentioned Fifliers, or the InhabitaJ
ofF their Stages. Almoflr all thefe Inhabitants, Mafters
Families in whole, or in Partnerfliip for filbing and Fifli |

The Hiflory 0/ Newfoundland.

ready to traflRck with thefcTrader5,who purchafe their Cargoes
with Bills of Exchange at two Months Date, of the Pay-
nicnt of which, great Care is taken ; and they fcldom are
protcftcd, but they have been fometimes, to my Knowledge,
and to my Lofs too. The Cod that is (hipp'd for Grtat Britain
and Ireland is inconfiderable to what is fcnt to Portugal,
Spain and Ita/y ; fome Fifli is (hipp'd for Barbadcti and the
iiugar Klands.

Ic will be expedtcd we fhould fay fomcthing of the In- indiani,
dims of this Illandj but there is little to be faid of them
different from the Indians of other Parts of America. I can-
not imagine how thefe or any other Americans came to be
call'd /»dia>ts^ or their Countries the ff^eji Indies. The Peo-
ple of Eaftern AJia had that Name from the River Indus, and
Chance or Whimfy only could give it to the Inhabitants of
another World, as Columbus's was deem'd and terii;'d. The
Indians, or Natives, when the Europeans firft wrote of them,
were the chief Subjedt of their Writings ; but no'v their
Countries are fo much frequented, their Cuftoms and Man-
ners, efpccially of the Borderers on Englijh, French and o-
thcr Colonies from Europe,(o well known, that an Account of
them has nothing in it fo marvellous and rare as to center 4
the Curiofity of th6 better fort of Readers : I fliall therefo *.
—only infert what I faid of them in my firfl: Edition. The
J^^' ^"flNatives of this Ifland don't correfpond much with the Eng^
id thcteB;;^ . Ij^j jj^g French have had fome Dealings with them from
anada. They fay they are a tra(5table People ; and the Eng'
I, who have dealt with them, fay. the fame. They painc
—hcmfelves, and are clothed with Stags-Skins, all their Cloth*
n S"S bc'"g *" Apron of it round their Waifts ; which is the
O^wflH^Q^g remarkable, becaufe other Parts of their Bodies were as
'enfible of Cold as their Waifts ; and as to their Modefty, I
tnfatisfied there was no Diftindlion amongft thiT^ in Drefs,
ither as to Modefty or Immodefty, till the £«> v/ ^ns taughc
It them ; and whether they got any thing by exchanging their
ative Simplicity and Ignorance for European Breeches and
etticoats, may be very well doubted. Thsy are of fmall
tature, broad faced and breafted, thei^- Joints well knit and
heir Limbs ftrong, as were, doubtlefs, our Forefathers the
Yitons, when they knew no more, nor cared for no more
lan the Indians, They had no Beards. This, in New-'
ngland, was owing to a Cuftom, or rather Law, that the
leaner fort (hould thereby be diftinguiihed from the greater,
hey were crafty, great Pilferers, dextrous at making Ca«
and Kettles ; but we are not told of what Metal,
e Indians in the Carihbct Iflands made a (brt of Earthen

C I Poti

^ting
le Fid
[ed*,
ImA'fl

''1

,;^'

'■:

ij.

:4\

I . :

1^ ,

Tibe Hifiory o/' Newfoundland.

iHj! I

Pots that would bear the Fire j but I no-where find that the
Indians of North America had the ufe of Iron, and much lefs
of Copper or Brafs Utenfils, before the Europeans brought it
araongft them. The ancient Writers tell us they belitve in a
God ( I am afraid they are rather Poets than Hiftorians) which
created all things^ and Men and Womeny by taking a Numher
nf Arrows and Jlicking them in the Ground^ from whence thtj
jpring up. One of their Segamores being ask'd what hj
thought of our Religion and the Trinity (the laft a very foolilli
Que^ion to be put to one that had not been prepared to
receive it by Revelation) anfwered, accoruing to the Hiftory i
which I very much fufpeit. There is one God, one Son^ ent
Mother and the Sun, which are four; yet God is above all. A I
much wifer Anfwer than I believe the Man that queftioned
him could have made to a Point of lefs Difficulty. The
Voyagers add, Some of them converfe vifibly with the Dm\
and from the Devil received Advice concerning their Wan
and other Matters. This is certainly as true as the reft con.
cerning their Religion. The Europeans carried this fame
Devil along with them to America, where he was never heard
of before, and whatever they think fit they make the IndkA
do with them. Their young Women, at fifteen, lie with as I
many Men as they plcafe for ^ ox 6 Years, then each of|
them choofes one for a Husband, and is afterwards very con-
ftant to him. They fet their Dead in the Ground upright,!
with their Goods and Provifions as for a long Journey. Theyl
are great Dancers and Singers, and in their Dances the Wo-I
men often throw away the little Covering they have, andl
frisk about naked, perhaps without committing any Part off
' the Offence in the Aftion which the Europeans do even
the Ideas of it.

The Hiftorical Events of this Ifland, from Sir Dm\\
Kirk^s coming thither to the firft French War, are too triviii
to remember, confifting only of common Accidents in LifJ
TheEnf,\\!h among FiHiers and their Traffick. After the Revolution^
pTcT £*"" ^^® breaking out of theWar,the Englijh and French there, as we
as elfcwhere, fell upon one another as often as they had an Op
portunity of doing it with Advantage : The Englijh began firi
and with three Men of War, the St. Albans, a third Ratec
66 Guns, the Commadore's Ship, attacked Placentia ; but weij
fo warmly received by the French, that they were forced
retreat, making a very idle £xcufe for it, that they did nij
think the Enemy had been fb well prepared to receive the
The Utter were much more fuccefsful in their Attempts i
the Englijh ; for in the Year 1^96, a Squadron of thd
Men of War, the Pelican, the DiamnJf taken from tH

En^tiji

Fr-Tch
the 'By

TheHtJlory o/' Newfoundland,

En^l'tjh, the Count de 'Thouloujey the Harcourt^ the Philip^
the Vendange and Tome Firefliips, came up with the Saphirg
Frigar, Capt. CUashy, off Cape Spear^ and gave her Chace ;
but Ihe got into the Bay of BuUs^ where Cieathy did all he
could to fortify the Place in the little Time he had for it :
The Englijh who liv'd in the Harbour came to his Affiftance,2re'
but at the Approach of the French they all ran away, and'ig^jj^
cou'd not have done much good by ftaying, the Enemy being
near ten to one. On the nth of Sept.iht whole French
Squadron came down upon the Saphire^ and fir*d with the
utmolt Fury. Capt. Cleasby made a brave Defence for two
Hours, and brought moft of his Ships Guns to bear on the
iide next the French-^ who at the fame Time made aDefcenr,
and drove the EngUJ)) who were there into the Woods; they
then fir'd on t'-e Saphires Men from Shore, as well as from
the Ships, and it was in vain iox Cleasby lo think of maintain-
ing his Ship any longer, fo he fet her on Fire, and with his
Officers and 35 of his Crew, followed his Countrymen into
the Woods. When the Sapbire was on Fire, 4.0 French
came on board, endeavouring to extinguifli it, but were all
blown up into the Air, as foon as the P'ire reach'd the Powder
Room. A 100 more of the Saphire's Crew made the beft of
their way towards Ferryland, but were interrupted and taken
by the Enemy. Capt. Cleasby and his Company reach'd that
\ Harbour J where he and they did their utraoft to defend that
ISettlernent againft the French, who came and attacked it ifami.*
Ithey landed 600 Men, who approached within Mulker Shot
hi the Englijhy very refolutely, and the Englijh fir* A upon them-
Iwith equal Refolution, which oblig'd them to halt. The
Xprench return'd their Fire, and fent a Trumpet to fummon
|them to furrender. Capt. Cleasby, feeing *twas impoffible for
him to repell fo many Men with fo few, came to a Treaty
tad delivered up the Place, which was not tenable. Himfelf,^'^'^ '"*' "'"
liis Lieutenant, and bis 35 Men were made Prifoners of War,
id fent to France, from whence they return'd to England
by Exchange. The French deftroy'd that and all the EngHJh
Settlements, except St. John's, Bonavi/i, and Carboneer Har-
pours.
King IVilliam being inform'd what Damage the;- had done
lore, and how they interrupted their Fiihery on the Coaft,
|)rder'd a Squadron of Men of War to be equip'd, and com-
nanded by Admiral Nevel^ and 15 00 Men were put on board
bder the Command of Sir John Gib/on, Lieutenant-Gover-
p of Portfmuth. Admiral Nevil^ fail'd the following Year, le^-,
nd arriving at Newfoundland, the French immediately aban-
on'ri all the Places they had taken from the Englijh. Monf.

C 4. Ponti

jit Fftry-

m.. i

■i • H!s

Mil -t;:'' ,. \,.:;tj

: m4

■ ■(

34 77'^ /7//?(?r)' o/' Newfoundland.

Panti was at the fame time on that Coaft, with a Squadron
of French Men of War, and Admiral Nevel, (ell in with him,
but loft him in a Fog : It does not read well at all. This
Expedition was generally thought to be in ill Hands. Gib/on
was a Soldier, but nothing clfej and Nevil was not fo dili-
gent as was requilite, to have to do with fuch an adive, vigi^
Jant Enemy as Ponti. Sir John Gibfon held a Council of War,
and the Sea-Oificers aflfifting at it, 'twas debated whether they
fliould purfue Ponti. The latter were for it, but tbi: Land
* Officers againft it, Ponti having more Ships than j:^evil. If

fo, I do not think Nevil fliou'd have been prefs'd to purfue
him. The Marquis de Nefmond having joined Ponii^ there's
Reafon to believe they might both together be fuperior to
Nevil in Number of Ships, and we fee by this, the laudable
Care the French Court took of their Trade. The French ap.
pear'd off of St. Johns with 15 Men of War, and Nevil had
but 12 Ships of lefs Force in the Bay, but the French did not
think fit to attack them in the Harbour j and upon their re-
treating, Gib/on put his Sodicrs afliore, where he built a re-
llj ij gular Fort, which he call'd Fort JVilliamy and then reim-

birk'd his Men and return'd to England, leaving Lieutenant-
Colonel Handaftde Commander there, with a Garrifon of 80
Men. The Englijh have made fuch forry Work of their
American Enterprizes, that one is aOiam'd to report it, and
ii there (hould ever be occafion for another, it will be 1 hope
better concerted, or better executed than any of them hath
hitherto been, except only the Squadron that lately block'd
up the Spanijh Plate Fleet in their Port, the Concert and |
Execution being in that equally wife and happy.

Tho' the Peace of Ryfwick had put an End to theHofti-l
lities between the Englijh and French^ yet King WilJtml
judg'd it neceflary to fend another Squadron of Men of War)
^sT'jXn ^"^ Newfoundland^ to fee every thing in good Order. 1
Norru%"rtf. Captain A'tfrm, the Admiral now living, and fcrving his
Country, had the Command of that Squadron, and a Com*|
Z699. miilion to be Governor at Land alfo; and foir the Encourage-
menrof this very beneficial Trade, an dGt of Parliament paft|
about the fame Time, That no Alien or Stranger whatfo-
every not reading within the Kingdom ^England, Dominion ofi
Wales, or Town of Berwick upon Tweed, Jhall at any timt
hereafter take Boat or ufe any Sort of Trade or Fijhing whatA
foever in Newfoundland, or in any oftheljlands adjacent^ whicn
The -///*«»' excluded the French from Cape Breton-Ifle as well as the reftJ
K Enr "" Mr. Harley, and Mr. St. John, advifcd the Queen to givJ
liA. ic up CO the Common Enemy, and that too for the vai

Frmi

I'he Hi ft or ^ (5/*Newfoundland. 2j^

\fy(fich Commerce, which as the Report fays, the Parliament

VejffJed ivith great Iridigmiion.

Col. Handafide going for England^ Capt. William L{lburn^''Pf- yf'^^'-

fiicceeded him here, in ihe Command of Fort JViUiam, but cTwrln "*

i'l'nere being Peace with France, few Events worthy the Rea-
cr's Curiofity happen'd in this Country; where the Fifliery
ot being diilurb'd, new Inhabitants came every Year, info- The PeopU
jch that the People doubled in 3 Years Time. douHed.

The next Year 1 700, Sir jindrew Lake arrived there with
nother Squadron of Men of War ; King William, notwith-
andinjz; it was a peaceable time, thinking the Newfound/and
radc of fo much Importance, that it was worth the v/hile to
e at the yearly Charge of a Squadron to defend it. This
. ear Capr. Lilburn relign'd the Command of the Garrifon ^"P'- f^"™-
n Fort William, to Capt. Humphry Haven, who did not en- gZ^hTt^"'
oy it long, for in the enfuing Year, Cape. John Powel was^^^,. john
ade Governor of the Fort j he was fucceeded the next Powel, g«-
ear by Col. Michael Richards, who being a fkillful Ingineer, *'"'"•'■•
ade feveral Improvements at the Fort, added other Works, ^[ch'^rJj'''*
nd io ftrengthen'd it, that *tis a very regular Fortification, Governor!
,nd one of the ftrongert: in America.
Anew War with France commencing in 1702, the French
nd Bnglijh went very eaJy into it in thefe Parts of the World.
ir John Leake, arriving here with a Squadron of Men of War,
eftroy'd % French Men of War, and 30 Merchantmen, in the
ay of St. Peter's, and attacked and raz'd the Fort. Col. Rj- c^pt. Unyi^
hrdi returning to England^Czpt. Lloyd was made Governor ^''^"'""■*
f Fort William. The next Year, 1 705, was fatal to the Eng-
the French entered St. John^s Town, and laid Siege
the Fort with 1000 Men ; the Engiijh, it is faid,
ade a vigorous Defence for five Weeks, and then the Ene-
,y left the Place, after having burnt raoft of the Houfes and
leftroyed all the Firtiing Stages. They carry 'd away with

on
m,

his
yin
ill-
igi-
^ar,
hey
and
If
rfuc
ere's
)r to
lable
7 ap.
/had
dnot
r re-
a re-
reim-
nant-
of8o

their
:, and
. hope 1

hathl

ock'dl
rt and ]

Hofti-|

^il]\3m\

fWarl
>fder.

ig hisPiem half the Inhabitants, efpecially all the Youth they could
Com-

[urage-

it ■^■iSMtmch Service ; and fome were kept in Servitude at ^ebec,
;Ad//fl-Bifter this Deflrudiion at St. John*s-Town, the Englijh that

|»{off 0«inain'd there built their Houfes round the Fort, under the

\y ^r'fflAommand of the Cannon, for fear of another Infulc from the

wAaZ-Bnemy. V/ithin the Palifadoes drawn round this new Town

iwhichfteyalfobuilta Church, whofe Minifler was lately Mr. John

\t xf&Tmiifin. But fmce the Englijh have been in PofTefTion of

jto ^^mkcmtia, all thefe Precautions are uow of little or no ufe here.

Ic sGM^lacentia, tho' no large Town, is much larger than ever pij^^ntii,
l/rf»t# 7fl^«*g was, or was like to be. \Vbcn the FuriQh had ic,

ther«

a;ht on. Thofe they fent to France^ came to England by
xchange ; others, for want of being exchang'd, entcr'd the

•I

f'r:% ^1.

The Iltflory of Newfoundland.

rt ,u

!-M-

■i

i '

there were a Governor and a Lieutenant-Governor, a Major
5 Captains, and Subaltern Officers, 3 Companies of Soldi,
ers, Gunner, 1 Bombardier, 3 Serjeants, 10 Mafons, and
other Artificers, 500 fighting Men, belides 300 Indians and
Canadians 'y but the Englijh have nothing like it.

The French came hither no more after this Defcent at S[.
yohn's'Town^ and they have now no Settlements in this Ifland
but they have Cape Breton-IJle, and all the Coafts of this and
the other adjacent Illes, for the ufe of their Fiiliery, to dry
their Fifties on Stages.
TheCtfponef The Cci.iOn of the French Part of Newfoundland to th:
riacentia, Englijh W'lf, ws in the Queen's Speech to the Parliament, an
^^(itTln -A^^^^^s ^' ^^'^ Utrecht Peace. Her Majefly's Words, f/;J
<fc> Tngl'ifh French confent to deliver up Newfoundland and Placentia-^ but
Mimjltn. the Secret Committee obCsTVCj it mujl he remember' d that in ihi\
Preliminaries, ^j'«V in Sept. the French had refer vd to thm-
/elves a Liberty of taking and drying Fiflj in Newfoundland, I
A grofs Impofition this on the Englijh Nation. Whatufc
can the French have for Newfoundland, but to take and dry
their Fifli ? Canada^ the greateft Colony they have any where,
is within half a Day's Sail oi Newfoundlandy Cape Breton-Ijh,
almoft joining to it, and the Coaft of Newfoundland, chiefly
for their Purpofe to interrupt or interfere with our Fiiliery.
They do not want Placentia, being fo ftrong as they are on|
the adjacent Continent, and it is afmall Strength or Conve-
nience to the Englijh, who have fo near them the mainl
Strength of the French in America. Fiftiing Harbours wehadi
enough before, and do ilill make ufe of them, and thofe Har-j
hours were fecure enough in time of Peace. They have not J
by the Utrecht Peace, got one Coafl nor one Stage from the!
French Fiftiing, but have abfolutely given up our Right tothel
moft: commodious Place for us to fifti at in all that Part ofl
the World ; a Place that almoft joins io New-Scotland, whicb
is contiguous with A/ifw-£«^/(?»<^; a Place that intercepts the!
Communication between Newfoundland and the neighbour]
ing Colonies, and covers the French Colonies and Fiftieriesj
if ever there ftiould be occafion to attack them. Upon thJ
whole, let the Value of i;hac Ceffion, Capt Breton-Ijle, aban]
don'd by us to the French, and that of taking and drying Fillf
in Newfoundland, which in ftiort is the Newfoundland Trad^
be fairly weigh'd againft the Advantages of our having T
£entia, it will prefentlv be feen that the latter is a Feathc
in the Scale againft Gold; and let it be caft up how niuci
the garrifoning and governing that Place, and its Appurtef
nances, have coft the £«^/^ in 30 Years, without a Penny!
worth of real Service in all that Time, or ever like to be, if

4 C*

^'M,^^^
,<"«*'

ne Hiftory of Newfoundland.

Cafe of a Rupture with the French^ who are no where fo
ftrong in America^ as within almoft Sight of Placentia, and
it will be found how rightly the French Court judg'd for their
Intereft, when they rejedted all Propofals made by the Duke
oi Shrewsbury, the Queen's Ambaflador, for having Juftice
done the Englijhy in the Articles of taking and drying Fifh
I in Newfoundland, and the delivering up Cape Breton-Ijle to
the French. Both which they infifted upon keeping, and the
Duke made no more Words about it. Thus was this Trade,
originally and rightfully our own, cftablilh'd by a Pofleffion
of above loo Years, render'd in a manner precarious to the
right Owners, and fecur*d, with greater Advantages than ever
Iweourfelves enjoy'd, to Intruders.

I find Col. Moody made Governor of Placentia, in 171^,
land Col. Gledhi/I in 1719,' of whofe Management, having
I fnall Information, I can add no more to this Article.

■r»w^

4;.i

THE

''■'■' ■■■'ill ' ¥ ■

j-'A

'ib

2i3

I^WMB«'««^^ " •n'*^ -'1

THE

HISTORY

O F

N E W S C r L A N D.

hi k

it(

f .

From its Discovery to the prefent Times.

OF J' Scotia, or NewScotlandf h the Eaftcmj
Part of the Northern Continent of Amerka\
bordering on New-Hmnpj'hire^ the Eaftern Par:!
of New-England, It was called Nova-Scotia^ hn
.Sir IVilltam Alexander, Scotch Secretary to King James thel
Firft, who was created Ear\ of Sterling. 'Tis an Idle Prc{
tence of the French, that one John V^razzan^ a Floreniw).
emplby'd by Francis the Ift, their King, difcover'd not on'J
this Coaftj but all the Continent of America, from Canakl
to Carolina', for befides that, if any, he made no morefucif
Difcoyery of thofe Coafts, than a Man may do by failing of!
of rfiem. Sebajlian Caboty cmploy'd by King Henry thj
Vllthof England, had not only been in thefe Parts long be]
fore this pretended Difcovery of Ferazzan, but in Proof o|
it, had brought home with him two or three of the Natives]
There's but a melancholy Account of this Florentine; whol
'tis faid, landing in this Country, call'd Acadia by the Frmm
was murder'd, and fome fay eaten by the Savages. Thl
Englijh always took Acadia to be part of North-Virginia^ ii
ftU the Continent of America, from Cape-Henry^ Northwarij
as far as was known, went by the General Name of Firginiai
firft, and divided into feparate Settlements, was only, accor(j
ing to the Situation, cali'd South, or 'Noriti'Firginia,

ma.

T^^ Hz/?(?ry of New- Scotland.

The Bounds of this Province are the Ocean to the North^
Cipe- Breton- I/l^nd^ and the Bay of St. Laurence to the Eajl^
C inada to the tVeJi^ and New-England ro the South, k lies
froTi 43 to 5 1 Deg. N. Lat. and from the River St. Croix^
th; neareft lo Nevj-Hamtjhlrey to the great River of St. Lau-
rtnce, has almoft 600 Miles ofCoaft, but moft of it uninha-
bited and defert, the Indians themfelves making little or
noufeofit. That it was from the beginning of Difcoveries
and Settlements on this Continent, look'd upon as Part of
Cahi'ti Acquifitions for the Crown of England, and Part of
the Virginia Patent, which included all the Northern
Continent beyond Florida, appears by Sir Samuel Jrgal's
Expedition j where this Gentleman then Governor of ^r-
I ^inia, made a fort of cruifing Voyage on the Coaft North-
ward, as far as Cape Cod, in Neiu-England, in the Year 16 18,
five or fix Years before the Englijh, who intended to fettle,
I arriv'd in that Country. The Indians inform'd him that fomc
White Men, like himfelf, were come to inhabit to the North-
vvard of them. Sir Samuel /Irgal, who took all that Country
as far as it had been difcover'd by Cahot, to belong to the
m^r^/Wa Company, his Employers, made towards the Place
and found a Settlement, and a Ship riding before it, which
belong'd to forae Frenchmen. Argal drew fo clofe to it, that
with his fmall Arms he beat all the Men from the Deck, fo
that they cou'd not ufe their Guns, their Ship having but one
peck. Among others, there were two Jefuits aboard, one
lof which being more bold than wife, cndeavour'd to fire one
lof their Cannon, and was (hot. Argal having taken the Ship
llandedhis Men,march'd to, and fummoned the Fort to furren-
Ider j the French ask'd time to confider of it, which was deny*d,
lupon which they got privately away, and fled into the Woods.
iThe Englijh enter'd it and lodg'd there that Night, and the
Inext Day the French came in and yielded to Sir Samuel Argal^
Icancelling the Patents that had been granted them for their
ISettlement by the French King. The Kings of Europe it
Ifeems look on every Country as their own, which any 06

heir Subjects fet Foot upon iji America', as if none but
Europeans cou'd have Property either to Land or Seas, if
Ithey thought fit to turn the Owners out of them. Sir Samuel

ifuffer'd fuch of the French as were fo difpos'd to take Faf-
for Europe in the Fifliing Ships, and took the reft with

him to Virginia, according to their Choice. The French had

mother Settlement, at a Place they call'd Port- Royal, on a
ay on the South Weft Coaft of Acadia ; which the two

Jefuits had left out of pique to their Governor, Monf. Bicn"

pKr/^and with chefe/r#»<-Wnfeparated from the others. Fa-
ther

• m

a> w

iiHiM

■i

The Hlflory of New- Scotland.

, i«f

»^^^

ther Biard^ the furviving Jefuir, out of Malice to Btencoun^
^ inform'd Sir Samuel Argal of the Settlement at Port-Royal^
and the eafe with which he might reduce it; which, upon Ex.
perience, he found to be true, and on the Surrender of
the French^ he did no Damage to their Houfes, their Barns
and MiUs, fuch as they were, but oblig'd them to quit the
Country. They had fow'd and reaped, and thofc of them
that did not care to return liome, remov'd to the River of Sr.
LaurenctyWhere now if? the Capital of American Francf. Iknoiv
not whether thefe Acadian French were not the firfl Settlers
of that now formidable Colony, formidable in Barrcnnels,
Froft and Snow ; thanks perhaps to the want of Manage.
ment of the Englijhy who poffefs the warmer, the more plea-
fant, and fruitful Clime. My Author fays, Argal retum'd
to Virginia y fatisfy'd with the Plunder he got in thefc two
Settlements ; if io^ I fufpe<St that a very little fatisBed him.

When Sir Ferdinando Gorges was Prefident of the New.
England Company, he propos'd to Sir William Alexcndtr^ to
procure a particular Grant for the Land to the Northward
of their Patent, which was cafily obtained of King James the

i6iz. Ift, and a Year afrer, i(J22, Siv William^ and fome others
whom he had got to be concem'd with Wm, fent a Ship with
PafTengers to plant and fettle there. Newfoundland wis thin
very well known on Account of the Fimery, and the Ship
being late in her Voyage, the Mafter put in and wintered
there. The next Year they fct fail, and madi the Promontory I
at the North Shore of Cape- Breton Ifland. They coafted it
along till they came to Cape-Sable^ in Acadia, whce they
found three good Harbours, and went aihore at one oi them,
which they called Z«^/s-Bay, in which was a large River that|
had 8 Fathom Water at ebb. This Ship (ail'd up one, and ac-

jf faife Ai- cording to the Accounts that were pubiifh'd by thofe that!

t*wit of tht were to be Sharers in the Patent, this Country, one of the]

f«««fr7 tr moft miferablc that ever was inhabited even by Barbarians
* '" '" vsi defcribed as a kind of Paradife. As they fail'd up the River they|
faw on each Side flowery Meadows, and a charming Profpcdi
green Hills, and fhady Groves • which (hould have been indeeii
high Mountains and thick Foi efls : The Fields were deck!
with Rofes red and white, andLilies of a fragrant fmell : Coailii
thence along to the next Harbour, they came to a broader an(
deeper River, and a more lovely Profpeift than before: Thi
Soil was rich, ftor'd with Fruit and Grain, Goofcberries ant
Strawberries grew there in abundance, and what is the mol
ingredible of all. Rye, Barley, and Wheat j but thef^
Voyagers did not fay who planted them, for there was not
morcal Man to be feen there j however failing to the ne;

Harbour

rhe

Harbour, 3 5 Mi

fame, fruitful ar

Cod, and other J

tie without the C

more than Fi/h

IwhoJc World. '

[cocks, Pigeons, I

Iber Trees of all

[But with all thefe

Ithere: And I hav

Iwent about to abi

lof the Countries g

Jin to plant or to

|rial for the ufc of

Peace err'd egregic

jlicre /everal Years,

fear, or the bcgii

feme W'rittr owns

\j King Charles tl

Vutta Maria of />,

hext Year after, S

Lve been there k^

\\it Writer adds, »

lot how, nor why, 1

that of the Mari

pivf, called Cans

\t South-fide^ cair

\r William Alexa

livs did not enou^

V King Charles \

pm, when he adde

'. French had pojje/i

ihlickly he had give

attempted to recove

lis the Utrecht PJe

len, or Means how

Yzoi England, b.

wlution made an

mmerce which w<

[What the Memori

iv-Scotland, but C

''A He affirms

rant. See what h

fi-'li of the River

m^, who was be

Hjc Hiftory of New-Scotland.

Harbour, 36 Miles farther, they found the Country ft ill the
fame, fruitful and beautiful : The Rivers were ftor'd with
Coti, and other FiHi, great and fmali: But that iignificd lit-
tle without the Charms of the Fields and Hills, there being
itiore than Fifti enough in the neighbouring Sea to furnifli the
whole World. There was Plenty of Fowl at Land, as Wood-
cocks, Pigeons, Blackbirds, Wild-Geefc, Herons : And Tim-
ber Trees of all kinds, ftrong Wood, and fweet Wood.
But with all thefe Temptations, the PalVengers would notftay
there: And 1 have faid this only tolhew ' jw the Patentees
vvent about to abufe People, with the tempting Dclcription
of the Countries granted to them in America^ to draw People
ill to plant or to purchafe. Whoever drew up the Meroo-
jrial for the ufc of ihofe that were employ'd in the Utrecht
>eacc err'd egregioully, in faying that this Colony remain'd
here fcveral Years, for it made no ftay and rcturn'd the fame
r the beginning of next, which was 16^24. And the
^amii Writer owns that Acadia wasdeliver'd up to \.\ie French
)y King Charles the Firfl's Treaty of Marriage with Hen-
'ittta Maria of France : But that Treaty being in the very
lext Year ufter^ Sir IVilliam Alexander's Colony cou'd not
live been there feveral Years as 'tis faid in tliat Memorial,
he Writer adds, ive get it again 2 or 5 Yea»'S after; I know
^othow, nor why, having parted with it by lb hopeful a Treaty
that of the Marriage aforefaid : And the North-ftde of the
vtfy caird Canada, was given to Sir David Kirk, and
\t South-Jide, calPd by the French, Acadie, /-// again to
William Alexander : The Memorialift in what fol-

\ir

bws did not enough confidcr, how much the Charader

King Charles the Firft wou'd fuffer in point of Wif.

cm, when he added farther, though the King^ when hejound

ii French had pojfeji thetnjdves of the whole Country^ declared

Xblickh he had given away only the FortSy and not the Soil :

\attmpttd to rtcffuer it again, butfaiPd: So the Memorialift

pis the Utrecht Plenipotentiaries, but names not the Time

hen, or Means how he made that Attempt ; and hardly one

bgof England^ betvveen Queen Elizabeth's Death and the

evolution made any attempt to recover either Countries or

Dtnmerce which were taken from the Englifli.

(what the Memorialift drives at, is to prove, that not only

m-Scotland^ but Canada was the rightful Pofleirion of the C-inrds

He affirms that King Charles I. included it in his i^^ly^^
lant. See what he fays: ** In 1627 and 28, the North-
Miie of the River calfd Canada Was ^iven to Sir David
\lirk^ who was both Proprietor and Governor; -and the

South-fidtj .

be-
to tht

••v/

•t-

*J',

77je Wftory of New-Scotland.

*^ South-fide^ call'd by the Fmvch Acadle^ fell again into ttie I
Hands of Sir IVilliam Alexander . In i6\% it wa;j givf^

«c

away again, and the French kept ir many Years." |jut|
without any legal Right, unlefs King 'Charles could lerjilb
give away what was not his by inheritance, Purchare,or Con;.
pad with any Purclu.'er, and did indeed belong to thufJ
BritiJ}} kdwcT\i\ixcxSy who were at the Charge of planting aiii Hinb, Sir Thoma\

Tie

I we obferve tha
yrflpt'H)! Chriftian
|c(cape the Kage
De la Tour^
[/bid k to Sir 77
Iri.ilid, was Pro

cia<

ikcly, for that
farvard CoJicg
foon after whii
the French^ an

' to the unipeaki
the Plantation
former." This

'■irt of his Hifto

«6S4.

fettling there. Oliver minded not thcfe Givin gs ; but js

fbon as he was polfelii'd of the Government, he (cnt Major

T*£ French Sedgwick to retake it from the French^ who pretended tha

MiNovaSco-bad bought it o^ Six. David Kirk ; an J in Truth the/W«r/;Kifl»)

had purchafcd Sir Davidh Right to Canada for 5000/. whj^Ji

was never paid. It was worth Notice, whatever life i

made of it> that th« '/'(frr.-/ (janadenfis and tl)c 7<r/,:7 Z.^;,,,

radofy of v/hich Neu-Scoiia is a Part, was a Britijh Acqjj,

lition,j and fo acknowledged by the French ^ when t\\Q^ Y^^^nlf^illiam Phips

chafed it oF the Englijh^ long af er y^/'w Verax%an\ acqiiiriiM^e (hall fee prcfcn

it for France^ by being eaten up there, as has been -Axi'^K-sfivkky when I

mcnricned. Major -SWe w/V/fr cal'ly di flodg'd the few f/iVKWelionnt home t(

that had planted in and about Fort-Royal ^ and Cromwii'"'''^ — " '

who did not ufe to part with any thing he thought wo

keeping, would not fuffcr his Ambaffador in France to gii

the leail Ear to the prdUng Solicitation of the French Mirj

fters for Reftirution of this Country, By the Treaty c

eluded between Olivei- Cromivell and Lewis XIV, Ctowm

Driven cnt Infiftcd upoH it, that it was the ancient Inheritance of :l

iy Cr. m Crown oi' England. Ancient here refers to Cahot's Laj

welUOrrfm..^g^ and taking SeixJn of it in Henry Vllth's Reign, 1

Mtnf. de la Years before Oliver's Time ; but being afterwards infori

Tour his that Monfieur St. Ejfienne de laTour^ Son and Heir to Seigni

tunhMfi. Claude de la Tour, of the Houfe of Bouillon, of the refb

Religion, had bought Nova Scotia of the Earl of 5/tT/:i

and was come over to England to folicit the Reftitution

ir, Cromwell order 'd it to be reftored to him, upon maki

out his Title.

And here it may not be improper to take Notice, •^'"^ ^^^ ^»glijh,
moft of the French who tranfportcd themfelves to y///w»""g alfo what a
in the lad Century, were Proteftants, whether to the CiBf-^f^ber, Fiihing,
tinent or the IJlands. Admiral Coligni had form'd a ScheiW',^^ came thither,
in the Reign of Charles IX. to tranfport a numerous Co!(#'''- Meneval the (
oi Huguenots^ to North-America, and intended to follow tW^^ ^gain/t Broadfic
himfelf in Periv)n. Great Preparations were made forfr<^ on Condition o
Reception of himfelf, and his Friends j but a treacherous P(>((5'*/efook PoiTef
wkh the Court of France diverted hira from the Thouj
of it at that Time, and they foon after cut his Throat,
rid themfelves of him, both at home and abroad : Hy \vl

lou'd not be obt
\vh\ch he was i

)iraffedted, Narurs
troubiefom to thi

riAjom'd with the

tflicioo tounneftlei
Purfuant to this

anded the F\cqi ■

^thof April 16 {)o^
Irt. Royal, fitua ted
BmrheBay of/V

ace, defended with
enrion, becaufe 01
olonics enlarge vcr

the French to fc
f^iniportantonc,

•©»

N the little Forr

M Inhabitants tha
'iegiance to Kins

Ttc Hijlory of New-Scotland.

;iycn

Jon-
tl\o!{|

iVIajQi
i thq

7;Kinil
w'l
Ule ill

Acqi
»cy pill.
cquitii
I alrss
t Frm\
romml
It woi

to OH

f'S

,^«e obferve that the EngliJ}) Puki^an". were not the firfl: Ew
\r/>p(H" Chriftians that thought of Hying to the Wilderncfs, to
Iclcape the Rage and Cruelty ot pcrlccuting Prelates.

De la T^oitr^ beiitg put in Po/- ^lon of his Province, ^'J Thomia
fold it to Sir Thomas Temple, who, according to the Memo- ^.f^^r.^' **
jjalill, was Proprietor and Governor, till the Rcltoration:
Ijflb, Sir Thomas muft be there in Perfon, and it is the more
likely, for that we find he was one of the lk'rjfa6tors to
Harvard CoWcgc, \n New- England. The Memorialift adds,
foon after which. King Charles deliver'd it up again to
the French^ and Canada with ii, where they both relted,r/./w ui>t»
•' to the untpeakable lofs and detriment of the Crown, and '^< French,
" the Plantations, till Col. Nkholjon lately recover'd the
f' former." This Memorialift is ftrangely out in the newcifc
'art of his Hiftory; for long before Nicolfori's being there,
)\xlFilltam Phips had driven the French out of Pcrt-Rcyal^as
le (hall fee prcfcntly, and the Efiglljh kepr it till the I cacc of
l\fwick, when King IVilUam was too much perplexed by
f'aclion :it home, to inlift on thofe Advantages abroad, which
lou'd not be obtained but by the Continuance of War,
which he was fliamefully cramped, and diftreffed by the
Hfafifedted, Natural and Artificial. But the French became
troublefom to the New-EngliJ)), when they had difciplin'd
id join'd with the Indians, that they refolv'd upon an Ex-
edition to unneftle them in this Neighbourhood.
Puriliant to this Relblution Sir IVtlliam Phips, who com-» sir wi 1 stn
mded the Fleet and Forces, fail'd from Ne/w-England the f*''ps. r«.-
\i\\o(Jpril 1690, and on the nth of Afay arriv'd before"*^" ''*
\iirt-Royal, fituated at the Bottom of a little Bay or Balbn,
:hin the Bay of Funda, to the Eaftward. It was but a poor
jce, defended with iinglc Palifadoes only, which I the rather
»n:ion, becaufe our modern Writers of the IVeJi- India
3lonics enlarge very much on the more than ordinary Care
the French to fc^tifie their Settlements ; and this was a
[ry itnportant one, confidering how convenient it was for
loying the Englijh, or being annoy'd by them j and con-
[ering alfo what a flourifliing Trade the French carry'd or;
Lumber, Filling, Furrs, and Skins ; infomuch that wiicn
hi came thither, there were at leaft 6000 Souls in Acadia,
3ni. Meneval the Governor, being fo ill provided for De-
jice againft Broadfides, made a very (hort one, and furren-
red on Condition of a fafe Condudt to Canada. Thus the
retook Pofleflion of the Town and Country, demo-
I'd the little Fort, not worth the Name, fent away the
nh Inhabitants that were for removing, and took an Oath
legiance to King IVilliam and Qiiccn Mary, of thofe

D that

m '

The Wfiory o/' New-Scotland.

that ftaid there, which were about a third Part of the whole
Number, moll of them Proteftants. An h.ngl'ifh Governor
was plac'd over them, and thofe EngliJJi thsJ fettled there af-
terwards. Sir lyUUam Phlfts, in his ro^-.^'n towards vVw,
England, demolirti'd another Uttle French I v>rt, at St. John'i
River, on the South-Iide of Funda Bay, almoft at the En-
trance of the Bafon. Thefe were very che;ip Conquefts,but
good Bargains for the Engtijhy if good ufe had bctn made of I
them.
Li Hontan. Baron La ffontan fays, " the Engltjh undcr-fold the I
French^ and took luch Meifures, as he fear'd would in lime
drive the latter quite out of the Trade." The more re.
markable this, becauli? the very Language that forfteofoyr
Writers turn uix^n the French, to alarm the £.»;j/j/A, asZij|
Hontan endeavoured to alarm the French.

We heard lit tie of A^^x'-.SV^r/aW, from Sir IVilUam Phhi\
being there, to Col. Nicho/fon's, in the fecond War wuli
Fntnce. That Orticer came before Port-Royal., in the Ycjil
1 710, happily before there was any Rumour in Jnwica u\
a Revolution in the F.ngUJl) Minilters, in favour of FranA
The French Qzxx\{q'!\ here was itill in an ill State ofDctcnct,!

choragc ail ov

Z-and which pj

loot, and 01

Ic/s rhc Place,

ijctticmcnr, bi

rion fo Major

have often go

Peltries, it is

Eniil.'wdj wliic

rtw, cannot ha

rcaily to confc

latter at a gie;

great Mcalure.

about Neiu-I-f{„

The reducing

nor (-III)

as Mr. Dtimniiv

" Quarter from
" out, and fcil
which made it of

and made not a much better one than Monf. A/?/;<'7;fl/ haiiB very vvell for us tl

done, but furrcndered on the fame
Co/. Nich 1- cholfon was appointed G'.)vcrnor, and

lyn.

Conditions. Col. Afj
■ ' Efq; his Dcputyj
I hope it will not be thought I injur'd the Minifters, at tli
latter end of the Year 1710, by faying they were Frenc':\j[t\
for one of the Pcrfons preferr'd to Employment by them hen

and at Newfoundland^ was Boyce.^ accus'd as an Acconi

plice with Charnock^ ^'"i? ^"d A't>i, in the AHadinatia
Plot.
Port- Roy 1I, Jnnapoliiy has not much bcrter'd its Condition by chand
ing its Name. It is yet but a fmall Town, with a few HoJ
{cSy two Stories high, and that high enough, unlcfj the C|
mate was milder, and tlie Inhabitants better able to fiirnij
them. There is a precty good Traffick for Lumber, Fill
and Furrs • the Furrs arc brought to them by the Savages wij
arc even to this Day content to take Goods for them, wliij
tht Eurojcims can very Avell fpare. Modern Writers huvij
hctle elfe to fay in Praile of this Place, extoll the Baton out
.Edge of which it ftands. It is two Leagues long, and 1
broad, capable of receiving 1000 Sail of Ships, but the!

c.iH'd Anna
pull

as there was Rcafc
Treaty were in tc
bad tiiey deny'd tlil
felHon. Col. ;
after its Rcdu<fli(

jvcrnmenr, with
of Annapolis.Roy

IStores there, and

imuch enaniour'd
What relates to

Itl'e XlJth Articl
namt Boundarits
nnapoJi5, and ail
Wj and IjL.

Wmofthefaid
\ Treaties.^ cr by „
]tnch King gracio
ranee from Fifliin
o['eagues, beginr

the South- Weft

V7;

periment will certainly never be made: At the Entranc
the Baton, there is 1 8 Fathom Water, on the one tide, an*o/feflion of A^
or 7 on the other, the Channel being divided by the 111 An Foot* the /'^
Ckevres^ which ftands in the middle. There's excellent ^pg Breton lilmd

ebon

((

nc liijlory of New-Scotland.

chorigc all over the na(on,and at the Bottom lies a Point of
L:uid which parts two Rivers, where the Tide riles lo or 12
Foot, and on each lidc are pUajant Altadvws j doubt-
Icfs rhc Place, dclcrib'd by the firrt Adventurers thither for 2
Scttlcmcnr, but all along from Sir Samuel Jf gal's Expedi-
tion to Mdjor Scfl(rwick*5, and foon to later Times, Ships
have often gone thither to load Lumber, and trade for
peltries. It is or might be made a good Barrier to AVo/-
Ev^land^ which having a long Frontier towards the /W/-
ans^ cannot he t(}0 i'afe a{»iinlt ihcm, the Fnnch being
ready to confederate with them. New-Scothttd puts the
latter at a greater Diitance from them, and that will in
great Mcalure hinder their aflifling the Eaftern Indians^
about Neiu-Hampflm-e^ in time of War.

The reducing this Place was doubtlefs a good piece of
Service, nor only for the Reafons jurt mention'd, but because,
as Mr. Diimnur writes, " Psrt- Royal wzs a neil: of Privateers,
" and a Dunkirk to ih^rlm.nicnfi Trade, belides it was the Head
" Quarter from whence Tarries oi French and Indians illu'd
out, and fell upon the Kaikrn Parts of New-Englandy*
which made it of liich Importance to the Englijh^ that it was
very well for us the French had not fo good an Opinion of it,
as there was Rcafon to fear ; for the Managers of the Utrecht
Treaty were in too good Humour to have deny'd them Peace,
bad tliey deny'd the Celfion of Acadia^ tho' then in our Pof-
felfion. Col. Nicholfon going to England fome Time
after its Redudtion, was (bleranly inverted with this Go-
vernment, with the Title of Governor of AWrf-6V<9//<7, and
of Jnnapo/ii'Roya/j and Commander of all her Majefty's
[Stores there, and in Newfoundland. This Gentleman was
[much enamour'd with Government and founding Titles.

What relates to hJcw-Scotland in the UtrechtTre&ty is thus in

Itbc Xllth Article : //ll Nova-Scotia, or Acadia, tuiih all

maent Boundaries, as alj'o the CV/y «/" Pert- Royal, mtu called

\nii)apolis, and all other Things in thofe PartSy which depends

Lands and //lands, together with the Dominion^ Property^

hfejjion ofthefaid Jjlands, Lands , and all Rights whatjoever^

li)' Treaties^ or by at:y other ways obtained, iSc, To which the

'rench King gracioully added the Exclufion of the Subjects of

frame from Fifhing on the Coaft oi Nova-Scotia, and within

^0 Leagues, beginning from Cape Sable, and Itretching along

the 8ouih-Weft. The Subjects of Great-Britain were in

Poffeflion of New- Scotland^ when this Treaty was fet

pi Foot; the French having the Filliery on the Coaft of

ape Breton liland, and in the Sea to the Bay of S:. Laurence ^

D 2 the

i*i

'"iiv

m'j^

*/*'

; m

;li

■''17

36 The Hijlory of New-Scotland.

tlie moft profitaMe and commodious Fifliing in thofe Part9,
they value not the Coaft either of New-Scotland^ or New-
foundland^ farther than what was ftipulated for them, by the
Brittjh Plenipotentiaries, to catch and dry Fi(h there. We
iTiall fee in its Place, how the French bubbled them alfo in
pretence of St. Chri/iophers, On the Qozikoi New-Scotland
lies Canfo^ a Settlement of great Confequence to the Englljh
Fifliing Trade. We fliall now fee how much that Trade is
oblig'd to the Wifdom of our Plenipotentiaries at Utrecht^ by
fuffering the French to reft peaceably in that Neighbourhood, for
5 or 6 Years. Complaints came from Canfo^ that, notwith-
Jlanding four Companies of Soldiers had been fome time
before fent there, for their Defence, they remain'd ftill in
great Peril from the French and French Indians^ for wan' f
Fortifications, and by 30 of the beft of thofe Soldiers being
remov'd to Frederick's Fort. This put the Inhabitants
into fo much Apprehenfion, that few Fifliing Boats had
appear'd there that Seafon, fo that of 25000 Quintals of
Fifli which were wont to be caught, there was not then a-
bove 3 or 400 Quintals, fb little Confidence have the Filli.
crs in the Protedion they might have from our Settletnem
at Confo.

J who are all of
(had certain Tabi
land dance inrc,
jMufick and Po<
(pleas'd to fee.

Tameja alle

Tht Frdians
Scodand.

There's no need Ox'' treating of the Savages in Acadia^{^\

much being faid of them in theHiftoryof iV*u;-£«g-/a«d^ ; As
they have l6fs Commerce and Converfe with the EngUJh, than
the neighbouring Indians have, thereremain among thefcmore|
of their native Barbarity and Ignorance. Thofe about Anm-
polls were call'd Souriquois, pretty near Iroquois^ the Na
given to Indiarts not in Alliance with the French. They wen
ofamidling Stature, well limb'd, tawny, black-hair'd, beard
Icfs alto, except the Sega mores and Seniors, the reft beii
oblig'd to pluck up their Beards by the Roots, as I havefeei
fome of our remote Peafantry do out of Choice. Theii
Drefs was only a Covering over their Nudities; this muft
in Summer Time, and with fuch as never faw them in Wii
rer. In Summer theyliv'd uponFifli, and upon ]ndianCQi\
in Winter, but did not know how to make it into Breai
till they were taught by the Europeans : They had no Fori
nor Notion of Religion, which I believe is much irm
than their worlhipping the very fame Devil as betray'd £w jq givg v
9s we read in the New-England Accounts of the Iiicllanms prop^^ pi"^' ^
their Conjurers whom they call'd Jutmoinsy were their Prielthjj. -p^^, ^^^ '
and Phyficians. You'll find them the fame in Ntw-Engk
and I luppofe all over America ; in which, except the
juring, tiiey are exadtly imitated by the French MilTionarii

he two laft Not

anyprefent, like

'\r. Delaet took 1

Hle-Luya^ a part (

■ing it to be genuir

Cape Breton-IJJ,

/riteor read with P

e Treaty of JJtrec

torn, as the Sinkin

f the iaft War. 7

'Ova-Scotia^ and

'mes the Firft's P:

iSl, Laurence^ is6\

Circuit, a fine

:! within a few

oft cut in two by

"ou%', but to cot

sto the Duke of

the Briti/h Dor

W;/ Peace: Tl-

^'^ upon Cape Brt

hdaPart of the ^

the Treaty was rejl

u'dietushavc wh(
le were refolv'd to|
t with the War.
'/wj, and had it ;

. ^ 'aty. The,

nad been precariJ

f'^K which the

■das ou'- Pienipotl

tut now frol

ling-

■ts,
w
the
We
3 in
land

^he WJlory ^New-Scotland.

who are all of them Dodors too as well as Priefts. They
I had certain Tabagia, or Feftivals, at wb'.ch they us'd to fing
land dance inrcfiantly : We have met with fome of their
iMufick and Poetry, which we believe the Curious will be
Ipleas'd to fee.

leis

i,fot
vith'

Tameja alk luya Tameja douvem Hau Hau He He,

time
ill in

irr [
being

Duants
s had
itals of
;hen a-
; Filh-
lement

]dia^ fo
d: As
^, than!
;fc motel
t Arm-
:Nai
ey veti

he two laft Notes He ///, were repeated by all the Com*
any prefent, like a Grand Chorus: And the Author whom
Ir. Delaet took this from, affirms he often heard the word
'lie- Luya, a part of thefacred Canticles, in their Songs, aver-
ing ic to be genuine.
Cape Breton- IJlnnd is a Subject no good Englijhman can C^f<;Breton.
rite or read with Pleafure. The giving of it to the French ^ by '^^'
e Treaty of Utrecht^ may prove as great alofs to the King-
lorn, as the Sinking Fund amounts to, or even the Charge
if the laft War. This liland was always reckon'd a Part of
'ova-Scotia, and was in expreG' Terms inferted in King
ams the Firft's Patent. Ic lies in the South of the Gulph
fSt. Laurence, is 60 Leagues long, loor 12 Broad, and 140,
Circuit, a fine Compafs for Harbours and hfliing Stages^
d within a few Minutes Sail of the Continent ; *tis al-
10ft cut in two by the Gulph : I do not fay what follows
irioully, but to copy others. Qiieen Jnne, by her Inftru6ti-
, beatdfts to the Duke of Shrewsbury, demanded the IJIe as a Part
ft beinHf the Britijh Dominions, to be reftor'd abfolutely by the
\mht Peace: The Queen faid in her Inftrudtions, /he
I'd upon Cape Breton to belong to her, and reckoned that
land a Part of the ancient Territory ^ Nova- Scotia, which
the Treaty was reJior*d to her : But alas ! *tis well the French
u'dlet us have what they did, (ince our Minifters at that
e were refblv'd to part with every thing rather than not
X with the War. 'Tis found rhey infifted upon St. Chri-
hers, and had it ; but Connoifleurs tell us, they were more
ic! to give it up, than we were to have ir, as will be ftiewn
its proper Place : Had we kept or got Cape Breton-IJJand
jthat Treaty, The French Fifhing in all the neighbouring
had been precarious, upon the entire Ceflion of NeW'
Hand, which the French durft not conteft as overfor-
d as ou'" Plenipotentiaries were to give them up every
!igi but now from Cape Breton- IJity where they firfi

5 PioiQ

n\'

'^i\
.■1^, *

^1 :l|
" 1

■3$ ^e Hi/lory of Nevv-ScotlancJ.

more at their Eafe, than, the Eyigtifl) ofF the Newfcundland
Coaft, they can at Pleafure difturb our Filhery, as we might
have done theirs, and have deftroy'd it entirely, by the entire
PofTeffion of the Land allbj for Cape Breton-Ifle coiTimandj
th^e Entrance into St. Laure-nci''f, Ray, and is aptly iUiiated
for cutting offall Communlcacion, not only between :^iicl>n
and all the FiOiing Harbours in America^ hut between Canada
and Europe. 'Tis eafy to be explained if it was proper j but
Cape Breion-I/Ie is loft to us.

)

T Hi

t' ■'

'l^— <<Mi ■Himia'

!#«•' ■ *»>»BWii««i n i' iiiw m " %t f **9i>tm.m¥' V im Mm^ * » -. f*^* >■* 't*. -■>.. .«-> v-«« !♦■

—19.

1 ..

ii :r-

} I

] *■

'*^A.;

7a^-v:vl..

,.^

I ^'v T,: ^'

« I

K >

It.

lyii

^4*

?-,'.' 1^

< 1

Gof-

«:■.•-■? J,

»*.».■•* '» >■»»».■ >.^>< n -< ,'.■<•.»

c CfhtrUjTrdum,

t. Jiorctu^ftxr
f Jttiltott
a- jintinirc
h. tl'eytnou.th
i. i^u^^rifM,

tn. CM%4>n'tcti^
n.£lizaS€iA T.

p ..^BA/ica^,rt4f*y
a.J?^rth Cittv

7 % t

r . iHatan J^utna
J . Old, Tvmm,*.

•

s'^\ _j^j \ ji:t)^^^, iv^ 1

f ^Mc.^trehu.

Jiftutwan ^k^PJttntttnA ^-^

Bjly ^^ \^^^

and^rown. -T |

/1^£ ^

[From its Difc
ing out of

Contali

inn

THO
lefs,
Aurpi(

L /I °'' ^^'

pft Southern Cc
found irj and tho
(/(^/and B-ir/ctv, hi
had been afliore

yet nothing
br Trade, tijj the
file Year 1602.
Nfiderable Stay
PaflTengers, who f<
settlement, if they
pey carrying with .
pOrowthin theS
f^e Latitude of
mg the IQmds tl

i^^-m

THE

HISTORY

> ■ '■'^

, f ;

' I

' , -t

|r;

■/•i:

' ■ '■ ,i

O F

NEW^ENGLAND.

CHAP. I.

iFiom its Difcovery and Settlement, to the break-
ing out of the firit Indian or Pequot War,

Containing the Space of Seventeen Years.

HO* the Continent of North- America was, doubt-
lefs, difcover'd by Sebajiian Cabot^ under the
Aufpices oi Henry VII, King of England^ four .
or five Years afrer Ciutnl::' had difcover'd the
vaft Southern Continent, and the liiands in the Seas that
bound it; and tho' Sir Walter Rawleigh/s Adventurers, Ami-
Iffli and BivlcWy had traded in l^'irginia, and Sir Francis D'-ake
m been afliore in the Country of which we are about to
yet nothing fatisfadory is faid of either its Difcovery
pr Trade, til) the Voyage of Capt. Bartholomew Gofnold^ in
he Year 1602. He was the firft Navigator who made a i6oz.
bnfiderable Stay here, fie had with him 32 Sailors and^ ^ -
raffengers, who fcem'd to have had fome Thoughts of a noU* * v.yi
fetdement, if they met with a Place that invited them to it, agt.
hey carrying with them Seed Corn to make an Experiment of
Its Growth in the Soil of America. Capt. Gofmld made Land
]ii the Latitude of 42 Deg. and a few Min Northward,
[long the llUnds that now form the North-fide of ^zMaJfa-

D 4 ihujeti

■'v^.

-I

» I

t •'

4«

7Z'^ HiJIory of New-England.

chupts Bay; but not liking the Place, l\e ftcer'd to the
Southward all Night, and next Morning found himfelf im.
bay'd within a mighty Head of Land, which Promontory he
called Cape Cod^ from the vaft Quantity of Cod Fifh hij
took there. *Tis the Northern Point of Plhmuth County.
Here was the greatcft Plenty of Fowl he ever faw ; and had

i he had Tackling for a Whale Fiflicry, he might have made

,^l ? a rich Return, He went afliore on a fmall uninhabited

f I ' Ifland, which he call'd Elizabeth Ifland, and on another

r ; ;i Ifland, which he nara'd Martha's Vineyard, where the//?,

I ]'\ dians had Habitations, as will be feen hereafter. Here foine

• ' ■ ■ of his Company fow'd fome Enslijh Corn, and faw it come

' A ■ up very kindly. He bulit a little Fort for his and his Mens

9 Security, and traded from thence with the Savages, to whom

I Europeans were no Strangers j for the Commander of the

^:| The Indians grft Body of them that came to trade with him, was drcfs'd

\ tmetohm. ^j^j^ Waiitcoat, Kreeches, Shoes, Stockings, Hat and ail

Accoutrements befitting an i!,\'/^/y7j,v/a;/^ but his Attendants
had only Deer-skins about their Shoulders, and Scal-skinsl
about their Waifts, Their Hair was very long, and tied up
with a Knot behind. They were painted all over; but
their natural fwarthy Colour v.'as eafy enough to be difcern',!!
Gofnold traffick'd with them fo protitably, that he made an
extraordinary Voyage, and gave the Country and Inhabitants
fo good a Charad:er, that the Merchants his Employers, and
others, rcfolved upon a Settlement in thefe Parts j to which
End they beggVi a Grant of King James I. and thdel
Grani'ees^ call'd the Council of Plinijuth^ where moil: of)
them rclided, wxiVQ authorized to plant where i'.'ey /}joidd ll/irA
Jit and convenient^ between ^ 8 and 45 Dc^yees of Korthtm
l.atitiide\ the Country within their Patent going by the!
Nanjc of North Virginia, as all the Continent to the SouthJ
ward of it, was term'd South Virginia.

The principal Perfons concern'd in this Grant were tli^
Lord Chief Juftice Popham^ Sir Ferdinando Gorges^ who
fuppcfed to have betrayed the beloved and unfortunate Fjil
of Ejjex.^ Thomas Ilunhaniy Efq; Raleigh Gilbert ^ Elq; i5o|
of that famous Adventurer Sir Humphry Gilbert, IViliui
Parker, Efq; George Pophom, Efq; who, with the othej
iCc6. Members of the Council of Plunouth, in the Year i6o6|
fitted out another Ship for North Virginia, the Command
which ,vas given to Mr.//<^«r>'6'/^r7//c?;M,whohad withhima'ooil
50 Men, and failing av/ay with them as far as the Spanijh Illej
probably not IVej't- Indian Iflcs, but the Canaries, the Cour|
Siiips bound for Jmerica then took, fell in with a Fleet
Spaniards) was taken and lent Prifoner tc Spain^ togethd

^he Hiftory of New-England.

s, ari,
which
thcte
noil of

(jf7 '.'««]

by tiiel
Soutlv

Coui
IFlcet

Itogctbil

with all his Company, where they were treated afVer a cruel
inhuman Manner, notwithikndinf^ that King James was at
the fame Time courting the Fricndfliip of that King by vejy
(iilhonourable and difadvantagcous Compliances. Tho' the
rcll of the Patentees were very much dilliearten'd by this ill
Succcli) ; yet the Lord Chief Juft:ce Popham quickly after (et
out another Ship at his own Charge, under the Command of
Capt, Hanham^ one of the Patentees, v;ho brought back
fuch an cncoiiraging Account of the Country and Trade,
that thofe wliO fell oiT before refolved now to ad\/cnture a-
igain,-, and accordingly Capt. Pop'^am and Capt. Gilhertj two C-iot, P.>
[odiers of the Patentees, were diipatch'd away with two iihips, ^^"^ ■^'i;'^
|ioo Men, Ordnance, Stores and Provition for a Plantation, ^gf!.'' *^' "
which they began 'jii the Banks of the River Sagnr/ahocky A. u, i6oi,
I'm Norcmbegua, nc\z to Ca/co Bay; all the Contineiu from
\Smth yirginia being, by the old Geographers, call'd Iscrtm-
U(^ua. They built a Fort, to which they gave the Name of
St. George^ at the Mouth of Sagadahock River, more to the
Northward than the prefent Plantation in New - England -, but
ICapt. Popham dying, and Capt. Gilbert being about to re-
Iturn to England^ to take Pod'eiTion of the Eftate fallen to
Ihim by the Death of his elder Brother, Sir John Gilbert^
,'ho was Prefident of the North Virginia Company, thofe
thatcame with them could not be periliaded to .ftay after they
had loft their Leaders, but broke u ^ and reimbark'd ior England.
But the Trade in Peltry, Fi(h, Oil, t^c. turn'd to fo
mod an Account, that Shipo continued every Year to make
[his Voyage; and four or five Years after a Company of
[our Gentlemen, Capt. RawJen, Capt. Langham^ Mr. Bully
pd Mr. Shltony fitted out two good Ships at their own
Charge, to make the faine Voyage and Adventure. I'hc
chief Alanagement of the Adventure, and the Command of
Ihe biggeft Ship, was given to Capt. John Smith, who had
jiecn Prelident of the Colony at South Virginia ^ Thomas
iunt was Commander of the other Ship. They fell in v/ich
k Land about the Illand Jcnahigan^ where they traded with
le Natives ; and Capt. Smith, while his Men were fiiliing
in the Coaft, traveli'd up into the Country, with only 8
l^len in his Company, and drew a Plan of as much of it
.he could furvey, which he fays in his Voyages, he pre-
med to Prince Charles, who gave it the Name of N £ VV- iC'0^'^^•^e' *.
iXGLAND. 5;«/VA then tells ushow the Prince chrifteu'd^^j;;,;';^':'
irticular Places in his Survey, which I hardly think he took K"w.r.t^>
3much Pains about. The Majfachujet^, River he call'd Charles '^^^'
K'^i the Harbour of Cape Cpd', Milfsrd liSkS^ii', the Cape

itfcit;

. . ir

■■■ I

I /

'■J.

^ '^1

43 • Tbe Hi/lory' 0; New-England-

itfelf, Cape Jamt's; but it retain'd !'je Mamc Cifnold gavcit*
He callM Bo/iou and other Spots of Ground by other Natnc
which I don't believe the firil Builders and Plancers hid iw^
Reg.ird to. They were drawn out of Eu-'land by P'. ri^cj;.
tions, nndhadno great Keafon to be fond of ai\v' thir»,! Jone
by thtir Perfccutcjrs'. Capt, Smith nude his Voya'^'e out and
hoi. " in about 6 Monrhs, and put 1500/ in his Pocket. The
Gendcmeti, on whofe Account hr: vent, were alio fully
reimburfcd their Charges by tiie Prctdud of the Skins, FilTi,
Oil and other Commodities,

When Capr. Smith was gone, Hunt, the Commander of
r,apf. Hunt'; the other Velld, enticed between 20 and ^o of the Natives
''''''""'''' ';" aboard him, and, contrary to the J.aw o'* Mations and die
ihe n uni. p^jj|j^,|^ Faith, clapp'd tliem under Hitchf and fold tlv:;T)
to the Spaniards at Malawi: ^ where he W. b/)und with his
Fidi. His Owners tnrn'd him out of tlieir Employ for bis
Villainy ; but the Pimiflvmcnt was by no Means adequate
to the Crime. The Indians of Patuxcs highly refented ir,
and refolved to be revenged on thii Enghjh that came on j
the Coaft. Capr. Hohfon was the tirft that Ctimc in riieir
Way^ he and d'.pt. licrhj were fitted out by the Council of
Plimouth, not only for a Trade, but with Ncceilaries for a]
Settlement, on winch the Adventurers Hearts wcic (till fc:,
The Trarifick of Furs and Fi(h was very advantageous ; jndj
they imagined it would be very much extended, if tlvj
Etiglifn could winter and fettle there, to carry it on v.'ithoiiti
Interruption. Upon Capt. Hohfni's Arrival, many o'i tliej
A ^/^«x came aboard hi.s Ship, and havirg been kindly enter-j
r«in'd by him, nroniifed, at their Departure, ro return tiiel
riext Day and begin Trade. They came with 20 Caiui..
but rcfufcd tocomeaboaid. Efcnoiv^ ^x\ Inuian^ who //;,*J
jon had brought with him ?.s an Intctpreter, beckonVi to then]
to come n( rr, and immediately leap'd into the Water an(
Iwam to them -, upon which the Emrl:J}) fired at him, anJ
the hid'rins in the Canoos let fly their Arrows -at the A'/^///ij
Several of the Indians were kiU'd, and Hohfon and fomet
his Crew Vv^iunJed, which fo difcouraged the reft:, thatthej
ccminf?; to tivideand not to war, Ail'd back ro Encland. How
ever, the Company of N^ortt f'irr in ia being encouraged
Cape. Smithy fitted out 4. Ships in the Year 16 15, and
aboard them a goo(i I'art of the Crew that had been in tlj
Country with cS'w/V^, Thefe Ships made their Voyage in
Months, and the Returns were very conliderable. Can
Sf/iith fail'd himfelf for New-England the fame Year;
lofing the Mafts of the Ship he .was aboard in ill Weatiij

C.3P'

foil.

H'l!;.

.(51

it tlK

.'ithuati
of rhel
eiv.er-i

^ Cat

I'he HiJIory of New-England. '

he was forced to return to Plimouth, whence Co eager was ho

I for the Voyage, he put to Sea again only with a Baric, and

wjs taken by the French ; how, where, and for what Realon

^c are not told ; nor is it eafy to guefs, wc having then no

War with Franse, wiiither he was f'cnt Prifoner. His other

Ship arrived in Neu/-£ngl'.nd, and came back with a very

good Cargo. Probably thof'e aboard tradeu with other Jn-

liiun Nations. The Patuxes^ againit whom the Engiijh were

ev rperatcd, inhabited that Pare ot the Country where now is

\},dv Brijiol County, with the Pocaffts, now BarnjlabU

[County, or Mcjfafoits^ near Mount Hope j for the Indians

did not attack them, as they did Dormer, who was fent in

ItheYear 1619 to profecutc the D-ilign of ■a. P/antatiin and

jlcttlcd Trade. Gapt. i)(?rwj*r carried w' him Sqnanto, asqunnror* «

|Mlv^; Indian^ one of thofe that 1) ^ ' inapp'd by^'"'''^""'^-

XHuntj who fold him v/iih the other inu, Spaniards^ "'*■

Itrom whom he made bi!> Efcape into t id was Ser-

jvant to one Mr. Slaney, who ufed him k- well, that nothing

jbijt the Love of Liberty and his own Country could invite

bin) to quit his Service. Squanto did what he could, in Gra-

jiitude for the civil Ufage he had met. with m England,

jta pacify his Countrymen, and bring them into a better

[Vmner with the EngliJ}) ; which he could not fo foon eifedl

ro hinder their aflkulting ,'apr. Dormer, who, in a Skir-

|r.-iiili with them, received 14, v/ounds, and had much ado

lo efcape with Life. After which he fail'd for I'trginiay

iw\ing Squanio behind him, who, in time, fatisfy'd his

piiintrymen that Hunfs Viliuiny was abhorr'd by the Eng-

^///., and that he iiad been punilh'd for it.

The Patentees, having met withfo manyDi(couragemente,
\vcu', at lall i'o dilhcan-cu'd, ^hat they gave up all Thoughts
making a Settlement : However, other Adventurers carry'd
a Trade to New England; eight Ships were employ'd in
|: by the Merchants of London and PUmouth this and the next
tear; and the Succels was fuch, that the Seamen, v/ho were
[harers alfo, had each 17/. in 6 Months time, as much as
'pi now, and as good as 5/. a Month, a Matter's Pay.
Thus the Traffick continued, tho' the Settlement v/as fuf-
ended, and probably would have been dropp'd, had not
[ther more folid and noble Inducements than Lucre engaged
pme very religious and worthy Perfons. to undertake it,
at they might enjoy that Liberty of Confcience in New-
ingland which was deny'd them in Old^ by perfecuting Pre-
ps, high ComrailTion and Spiritual Courts, which had al-
ady driven many of them out of their dear native Country
Y^HoUand^ and other Parts of Europa Among thefe

was

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Sciences

Corporation

33 WEST MAIN STREIT

WEBSTIR, N.Y. USSO

(716) 173-4503

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& fit

44 7%e Hifiory of New-England.

was Mr. John Robinfon^ a Brmvniji Minifter. The rigid In.
dependents took the Natne of Brownijfs from Robert Brovin
a hot-headed Clergyman in Queen Elizabeth's time, who
was a bitter Enemy to the BiHiops and Ceremonies; but
bad more Zeal than Rea(bn or Religion, and was fo Hckle,
that he was che firft that deferted, as well as fee up bis
Party.

Sir Robert Nanfon, one of the Principal Secretaries of |
State at the latter End of King James's Reign, was, tho' a
Univcrfity Man, a Favourer of the Puritans j as Sir Georgi I
Calvert, the other Secretary and Univerfity Man, was of
the Papt/ls : And it was to Sir R.obert Nanton that the for-
mer apply'd, when they thought of flying to the Wilder- 1
nefles of America from the before-mention'd Oppreflions.

There were feveral fenfible adtive Men of Mr. RobinJm\\
Congregation, and fome who had Fortunes that were im-
proveable, if Means of employing them were found out.!
The Talk of the profitable Trade to New-England, and the!
Goodnefs of the Climate and Soil, made them look thati
way. Mr. John Brewjler, one of the principal Members, al
wife Man, of about 60 Years of Age, was very forward inl
the Bufinefsj and it was, after much Deliberation, at \m
refolved by them to undertake the Voyage, and fettle in tlie|
Country. In order to it, they got Sir Robert Nanton to
procure the King's Confent for their tranfporting themfelva
to New- England. Sir Robert ask'd his Majefty, That fuci
a People might enjoy their Liberty of Confcience under his gra\
cious Prote£iion in America, where they wju/d endeavour m
yidvancement of his Dominions^ and promote the Gojpel. Tm
King reply'd, *Tis a good and honeji Propofal. This Con]
gregation, by their Agents in England^ treated firft with thj
Councih of Plim^uth for a large Tradt cf Land towards m
rembegua, Neiv- Hampfljire, Main and New-Scotland', bud
upon better Confiderarion, they abandoned their Purpofea
and refolved to feat themfelves more to the Southward, o|
the Banks of Hudfon's River, which falls into the Sea
NfiV'Tork. To this End they contracted with fome Meil
chants, who were willing to be Adventurers with them il
itheir intended Settlement, and were Proprietors of the Couq
try ; but the Gontrad bore too hard upon them and mad
them the more eafy in the Difappointment they met wil
in fettling on Hudfins River, now New-Tor k.

vSeveral of Mr. Robin fen's Congregation fold their Fflfat^
and made a common Bank for a Fund towards carrying
the Undertaking. The Agents hired the Mayfio'wer, a Sh
of 1 So Tons, which was freighted with proper Goods

Merchandii

I! V

'the Hijiory of New-England.

jerchandize, and order'd to Southampton^ where (he took
[|i,oard the Company chat came from Holland with Mr.

The whole Company, about 120 Perfons, laird from Pfy' ,6„.
,mtb the 6th Of September, and fell in with Cape Cod on Thtfirfi set
[lie 9th of Nffuember, an ill time of the Year to begin build- ''^'"•="**
Ing, planting, or indeed any hard and difficult Labour ; and
bothing could be more difficult and hard than theirs was like
lobe. Here they refrefli'd themfelves about half a Day,
nd then tack'd about to the Southward for HudforCs River ;
U Jonesy the Mafter of the Speedwell, having been brib'd
[ythe Hollanders, who intended themfelves to tzkeVoSkCHon •seir^ty'dfy

thofe Parts, as they did fome time after, inftead of put- '/'« Hoiian-

^ out to Sea, intangled them among dangerous Shoals and '^"''
breakers, where meeting with a Storm, the Ship was driven
ack again to the Cape ; upon which they put into the Harbour,
nd refolved, conftdering the Seafon of the Year, to attempt
J Settlement there, and to proceed forward to the Bay^
lut Cape Cod not being within the Limits of the Land they
bd a Grant for under the Patent, they aflbciated themfelves
U a Body Politick by a formal Inftrument, in which, hav-
ig declared themfelves Subjeds of the Crown of England,
ley folemnly engaged SubmiJJion to the Laws that Jhould from Thtir infirm-
^tto Time he made for the Good of the Colony. This In- *;"»/"/-*/•

jment was dated at Cape Cod, November the nth, and""'"*"*

led ■

\John Carver,
William Bradford,
\ Edward Win/low,
William Brewfiery
\lfaac /filer ton,
miles Standi^,
\John Aldin,
\john burner,
urancis Eaton,
yfames Chilton,
Yjohn Craxtan, i
\john Bi/lingtonf

John Fletcher,

fohn Goodman, x
]^muel Fuller,

Ihrifiopher Martin,
William Mullins^
William White,

lichard Warren,

)ohn Howland,.

hphen Hopkins^

( f

Digory Priejf,
Thomas Williams,
Gilbert WinJJow,
Edmund Margefon^
Peter Browne,
Richard Billeridge,
George Soule,
Edward Tilly^
John Tilly,
Francis Cook,
Thomas Rogers^
Thomas Tinker,
John Ridgdale,
Edward Fuller,
Richard Clarke,
Richard Gardiner^
John Merton,
, Thomas En^li/h^ -
Edward Doley,
Edward Liefier .

■iitlffl ■ J. *' iTM '

??,1 "• , I ill V ; ■vii'i;'.

>iii

JWiSSiil' ' '<:l i.-*'^ '.?ii

J n'^

Ifr. John

C.irvf.-,

Govcriii':

'The Hi/lory of New-England.

Of thefe Mr. John Carver was a Gentleman of a con. I
fiderable Fortune, which he laid out in this Project.

IViliiam Bradford^ Efq; was a York/hire Gentleman, who
retired into Holland to avoid the Severities of the Bilhops
Courts.

Edward JVinjlow^ Eiqj of Droitwlch in JVorceJierJh'iri^,
travelling into the Low Countries, fell into the Company of I
fome of Mr. Rol/infon's Congregation, engaged in Comma-f
nion with them, and embark'd with the firft Planters that|
fettled here.

Capt. StandiJJj, of the Family of Standijh, of StandlJJ) in|
Lamajhire, and Heir to a good Part of the Eftate, having
been fraudulently deprived of it, he went for a Soldier in thel
Netherlands, became there acquainted with Mr. Robinfinl
and joined with the other Members of his Congregation!
that undertook this Voyage and Defign.

Mr. If^ilUam Brew/ler^ as he is written in this SubfcriptionJ
and not Johny as in Mr. Neah Hid. p. 79, had had a learn]
ed Education in one of our Univerfities, and from thenci
enter'd liimfelf into the Service of. that well-deferving, bul
ill-ufed Minifter, IViWam Davifon, Efq; Secretary of StatI
to Queen Elizabeth, with whom he went over to Holk^
and was entrufted with Affairs of great Importance, as
ticularly with the keeping of the Keys of the Cautionary Toni
He afterwards lived in good Efteem in his own Country, tillrf
Severities of the Spiritual Courts forced him to return I
Holland, where he was a Ruling Elder of Mr. Robinjin
Congregation at Leyden.

The new Comers* having fign'd the Affociation, choj
Mr. John Carvi'.r to be their Governor for one Year; af
he, with 1 6 Men, went afhore in the Country, now Rm
Jiahle County, to look out for a convenient Place for thd
, to build and plant, accommodated alio w \ convenient H^
bour tor Shipping. Having march'd ab a Mile fromi
Coall, they difcover-d five Ind'tam, who m«ie from ttid
fo faft, that they could not o^zt come to the Speech j
them. The next Morning they ventured higher up intot
Country, and came to a large Spot of clear Ground, whj
Indian Corn had been planted. They difcover'd fev^
Graves, the Remains of a Houfe, fays my Author;
what the Remains of an Indian Houfe muft be, that|
neither Walls nor Roof, more than a homely Booth in
Country Fairs, I cannot guefs, unlefs it^be Poles,
alfo they found a great Kettle, a Token of Traffick
Europeans-^ fome Heaps of Sand, in which they fo)
feveral Basktts of Corn in the Ear^ but finding no Pj
for their Purpofe, they returned.

I'ke Hifiory of New-England.

a con.

in, who I
BiiKops

'Jlerjh'inX
iipany o(|
Commu.[
Iters ibatl

'anaijh in|
e, having
lier in thel
Rob'mjm
igregation|

bfcription
ad a \tm\
om tbeno
irving,
iry of StatJ
to Holm
ice, as pari
nary ToitnJ
ntry,tillt!i|

return t
Rohhj'ii

ition, chol
Yearj ai

1 now Ba\
[ce for tlv

renientH
lile from

from thi
Speech

up into

The Chief of the Planters went on the next Difcbvery,

as Mr. Carver the Governor, Mr. Bradford, Mr. IVmfioWy

Capt. Standijhj Mr. Howland, Mr. Coppin, Mr. Warren^

Mr. Hopkins, Mr. Ttlly, Mr. Clarke^ Mr. AlUrton, Mr. Eng-

B, Mr. Doley, and JoneSy Mafter of the Mayflower^ with

hjsbunner and three of his Sailors in the Ship's Boat. Their

Defign was to range round the whole Bay of Cape Cod, in

fearch of a Harbour. They had been Seven and twenty Days

on the Coaft, and Winter was come upon them before they

had the leaft Covering for themfelves afliore. The Weather

vas fo hard, that the lealt Spra of the Sea froze on their

Clothes, They got down that Night, December 6, mto the

Bottom of the Bay, where now is Taunton, and faw lo /«-

iians about a dead Grampus. They landed a League off of

ihem, and lay alTiore all Night without Difturbance ; but

the next Day they had a Skirmiih with the Natives, they

dng in the Pat^ixes Country j but little Hurt was done on

ither Side. They then took to their Boat again, refolving

:o be govern'd by their Pilot, who aflured them he knew

f a good Harbour for Ships ; and accordingly, a Day or

wo after, they came to fuch a one, call'd by 'tne Name of

he Nation Patuxet. They raarch'd up into the Country,

md difcover'd feveral Corn Fields, with little running Brooks,

that they determined to pitch hercj and returning to their

hip, reported their Refolution to the reft of the Company,

i;ho, purfuant to that Determination, removed thither with

eii Ship, and arrived there the i6th of December; on the

9th they quitted their Ship, and on the 25 th, being Chri/i-

Day, they began to ereS: a Stou-houfe for their Goods,

lid feme fmall Cottages to preferve them from the Wea-

iher. They divided themfelves into 19 Families, allotting piimouth

|o every Perfon half a Pole of Ground in Breadth, and three '"•'«")' Z^^-

Length, for Lodging and Gardens. They alfo agreed'*^"

ipon fome La vs, and for their Civil and Military Govern-

cnc. To the Place of their Settlement they gave the Name

if N E W-P L I M O U T H. They faw no Indians all the

inter j but were feverely afflidled by Sicknefs, which fwept

und, v/hBway half of their Number. About the Middle of March,

rer'd lev^

author i

I be, that I

)th in
foles.
'raffick

they foj
ig no PI

Samofet, who had learned a little broken Englijh from
|ie Englijh that came on thofe Coafts to firti, came boldly
them. Soldier-like, with his Bow and Arrows in his
pand, and bid theip Welcome. He was one of the Segamores,
Princes belo|M;ing to the Northern Parts, 5 or 6 Days Jour-
Jey from their V/wn. He was quite naked, except his Waift,
[hich wascover'd with a Piece of Leather j a tall, ftraightn< Indian*
fan, with long black Hiir, but no Beard. He was fo well '^i^' f*«
^ ' pleafcd^"^^"^-

m^.W

'«! '

• •i

!■' ; I

*■

i.; 1

111

'£

t\ "

'?>'

1 e''\

■

n^e HiJIory of New-England,

pleafed with his Entertainment there, that fome time after
he came again with ieveral other Natives, who eat freely'
and drinking till they were merry, fell a dancing. They
told the Engltjh, that their Great Sachem^ or King Majfnjfoit
would be foon with themj and on the aid of March^ he
So tfnei their came with his Brother ^andequence^ and about 60 others
gitf Maflaf- y„3^jjj>j Q^^^ Statidijh met him, at the Head of the Mi!
litia of the Colony, a File of Musketeers, and condu(i;tc(l |
him into a Houfe, where a Seat of State was prepared, being ^ 1
or 4 Cufliions piled on a green Rug. His Dreft was little
different from that of his Attendants, only he had a Chainof
Fifli Bones about his Neck. His Face was painted with a
Murray Red, and both that and his Head lick'd over with
Oil. He had a long Knife hanging by a String at his Bofom
and on his Back hung a little Pouch of Tobacco. His Train |
had alfo their Pouches^ and their Faces were painted with va-
riety of Colours. Mr. Carver the Governor enter'd tJiel
Room, with a Drum and Trumpet marching before hira.1
Majfaffoit kifi,'d him, and they both fitting down together,!
Strong Waters were brought, of which the King tookfol
large a Draught, that it made him feverilh all the time hel
ftay'd. One of his Attendants was S quant o, the Indian beJ
fore-mentioned, who proved a hearty Friend to the Eniliji)\
and brought his Countrymen to have a good Opinion
them. He was Interpreter between this Great Sachem and
the Governor, who enter'd into an Alliance and Engagement!
of mutual Truft and good Offices ; as an Inftance of which
on his Part, MaJfaJ/oit gave away all the Lands adjacc
to the Settlement to the Planters Heirs and Succeffors fb|
ever, ^uanio ftay'd with the Englijh after the Sachem ref
turned home, and was very ferviceable to them, in teachin
ihem the Manner of planting their Corn and catching FiHij
In April Mr. Carver the Governor died, and IViM
Bradford^ Efq; was chofen Governor, who fent Mr Wi\
JJow and Mr. Hopkins to return the Sachem Majfaffoith Vili
and confirm the Peace he concluded with them. The An
bafladors had the Honour to lodge on the Royal Bed bytij
King and Queen, two or three of the Grandees of I
Court having the fame Honour done them, which it feeo|
was a Cuftom among Indian Princes who were in FriendU
Mr. Pen told me he had the fame Favour fliewnhimbyj
Indian Sachem in Penfilvonia^ fixty Years after this, withi
Improvement of one of the King's Daugh^rs, who was (
reeled to lie down by him. His Royal lOT was only a I
Planks raifed about a Foot from the Ground, Majja^
and his Queen lay at one End of it, under a chin Mat,

Wil'lam
EraJtord,
£/^, (3»vtr
mr.

The Hi/lory of New-EnglanJ.

the Atnbafladors and Grandees at the other ; but the Court
was lo ill furnilhed with Provilions, that their Excellencies
were altnoft ftarved. Mr. IVtnJhw and Mr. lUpkins found
the Country as they went depopulated, a PJague having lare-
jy fwept away nine Parts in ten of the Inhabitants j hue
they underftood, that the Narroganfets^ who lived on the
orher Side of the Bay, where now is Ntw-London County,
were a numerous and formidable Nation,

Hobamock^ a lufty Indian Youch, taking a Liking to the i5ii.
Englijh-, came and lived among them ; and Squauto and he-
being Tent among the Indians about an Aifair of Confequenvc,
j were kept by Coubatanty only becaufe ihey were Friends to
the Planters. Coubatant was a Scgamorc of Namasket^ about
Ur///^/ County. Thefe 5^^<7worf J were Princes or Lords of
fmall Territories, of <>, 7, or 8 Miles Extent, but fubordi-
nate to thr Great Sachem. Coubatant made at Hobamock
to ftab him, but the Youth was too ftrong for him, and got
[away to Plrmouthy leaving Squanto behind him. Immediately
[the Governor difpatch'd Capt. Standijh with 14 Men to re-
lleafc Squanto^ and if he was kill'd, to make Reprifals j but
\Couhatant ran away upon News of their Approach, and
|5^«^«/o was fee at Liberty. The Entrance of thefe 1 4. Men
jinto Namasket ftruck fuch a Terror into the neighbouring
Indians, that their Sachems and Segamores came in, and the
liftorian fays, fubfcribed the following Inftrument.

Know all Men by thefe Prefents^ that vje, whofe Names Tije lr,4ian
m under-written, do acknowledge ourfehes to be the legal Sub- ^""'"J^^'
iiifs of King James, Z/»^ «/" Great-Britain, Frznce and Ire-james.
land, Defender of the Faith, &c. In fVitnefs whereof, and
gs a Tejf/imony of the fame, we have fubjcrib^d our Names
tr Marks as followethy

Obquamehud^

Cawnacome,

Obbatinua,

Nattawahuntj

Coubatant,

Chillaback,

^adaqutna^
Huttamoideny
Apadmw.

The Mayflower return'd to England m the Spring this Year ;
jnd in May arrived a Ship belonghig to Mr. Thomas Wejion,

lerchant, with feven Faflengers intending to fettle. Aftgr

bt two more Veflels arrived, with do PafiTengers; but
[ringing no Provifion with thero, they were a Burthen to

lie Colony at Plimouth and the Haven; for that they had
|ut an indiffeitnc Harveft, the Englijh Seed Corn being
jither damaged, or not ripening becaufe fown in the Spring,

lid the Indian Corn yielding little Produce, for want of Skill
planting it. The Fortune^ a fmall Veflclj wiih feven Paf-

£ fengetSj

l6iZ

ill' J ;' ',■ ,-M?r

:vs ■■:«(:.

u\W'

mmm\itm

s°

Tie Hi/lory o/" New-England.

i I'

i'lv- n

'm^^:

••': ^ iii

■■;1

il- !'

fengers, arrived about the fame time ; but bringing no Pro-
viiion, the Colony was reduced to Famine, and for fome
time had nothing to trade with the Indians for their Corn •
but at laft, a fmall trading Veffel came as by Accident with
a good Quantity of Englih Beads^ KnivtSy Sizzars, and 'fuch
Ware as was merchantable with the Natives, which tiie
Colony bought up with their Beaver and other Peltry, and
ilipply'd themfelves with Corn and other Neceflaries.

ff^'/Ion^s Men having overftock'd Plimouth Town, and per.
haps not liking the Strid:nefs of the Peoples Morals and
Difcipline, removed to Maffachufet's Bay. The Hiflorian
weftnn and %«, " They Were a Company, and that IVeJion obtain'd a

h't Men

tviikcd.

i6'-3,

(C
C(
C(
(C

Patent for that Part of the Bay, under Pretence of propa-

gating Church of England Worfhip j but^ continues tht

Author^ his Men were fo fcandaloufly vile and wickd,

that they became a Nufance to the very Savages, who

would infallibly have cut them to Pieces, had not the Co

lony of Plimouth fliew'd them more Charity than in all

Probability they would have fliewn that Colony, if it had ™ a u r

wanted their Affiftance, as they wanted that of ^^'^mouil^^l^^^^^^ ^'

which IVeJhn and his Followers had deferted." The Place

terpreter, 5
bimrelffo t
hoi\i he ha^
\[t^\tA^ and
I'Jh Acquair
That he rnig>
Teems to hav
Forms of i
as they wen
the King waj
Ttm running
Si^amus ! M
mm like thee
Majfaffhit refic
^tm of his be
His Sight ^2i% ^
When Mt. IV,
told him who

p, Winflow /

WeJiorf% Men fettled at in Maffachufet's Bay, was call'd Wa^aW^'^^^^^^^^'^

gufquafet^ now known by the Name of IVeymouth, in SiMmt^^ 9^^^^^^^*

County. If ire/ion's ^len firft made a Settlement here andB^JI^ ^ ^^^ O"

in Mffachufet's Bay, 'tis certain that neither the Town ofKj ^'. ^"" ^^. ^

JVeymouthy nor any of the Plantations in the Country, owe" ■ *^ '^diai

their Rife to them ; for inftead of being Propagators of thej

Religion of the Church of England^ they fell into a riotous!

way of Living, foon confumed their Stock, and wantedl

Provifions. The Governor of Plimouth did what he couli

for them, Self-prefervation being the fupreme Rule. Whi

they had barter'd away all their Goods for Indian Corn, thi

fold their Clothes and Bedding: Nay, fome of them bei

came Servants to the Indians, and would cut their Woi

and draw chcir Water for a Cup full of Corn. Miferabl

was the Condition they were reduced to. For as their Necel

fities obliged them to fteal from the Indians^ the Indk

made no Confcience of plundering them, and had enter"!

into a Confpiracy to cut them all to Pieces, which they Iiaj

certainly executed in a few Days, if it had not been dKcova'j

by the following Accident.

Mr. Bradford^ Governor of Plimouth, being iijforiii'
that their good Friend Maffaffolt was liclT, fent the f
former Ambafladors, Mr. JVmJJow and Mr. Hopkins to hii
to give him the beft Advice and Alfiftance they coul
They took with them Hobamock to be their Guide and

terpre:i

gainft all the E
tut to feize the
to, that Cap
lili'd the two Chi
pombat, oneaftc
m them into tf
pdifown'd thefe
Y begg'd Pardc
Ned- but a Ye
imoft all his Peon
'ttlement. Capt
Plimuth, wher

wtodifpofeof
rn, and /hippy

T way in quef

«'ard a trading ,

the deplorable F-

%^ he loft his

Savages, who

P«; and in this

terpreter, Sauanto being lately dead. That Indian had made
himfclf io ufeful to both Englijh and Indians^ that between
both he had pick'd up fomething worth giving away when
he died, and he gave moft of it in Legacies among his Erg-
lljh Acquaintance. He defired the Governor to pray.
That he might go to the Engl ifh man's God in H,aven, which
feems to have more true AfFedion in it, than the laboured
Forms of fome Chriftians. The Ambafladors heard,
as they were on their Way to Majfajfoit's Court, that
the King was dead ; on which Hobamcck cried out, with
Tears running down his Cheeks, Neen womafu^ neen wcmafuy
S.inamus ! My Sachem, tny Sachem, many have I known ^ but
mi like thee! But when they came to Pocanckety where
Maplfoit refided, they were agreeably furprized with the
News of his being ftill living, tho* in a very dangerous way :
His Sight was gone, but his other Senfes were pretty intire.
When Mr. Winjlow came to his Bed- fide, and Hobamock had
told him who he was, he put out his Hand and faintly rc-
jpeated thefe Words, Mattaneen IVonkantt namen Winfnorw !
\Ohf Winflow I / Jhall never fee thee again. Mr. Winjlow
otnfortcd him in the beft manner he could, and gave him
Tome Cordials, which had fo good an Effed, that in a few
J)ays he was out of Danger; and took this friendly Vifit {o
here andKjndJy^ that he difcover*d the whole Plot of the Majfachufet
Town o(^(j other Indians againft IVeJion's Men firft, and afterwards
^ainft all the Engltjby He advifed them to lofe no time,
ut to feize the chief Confpirators, which was fo eafily ef-
fted, that Capt. Stand/Jh^ having but 8 Men with him,
iird the two Champions, IVituwamet and Peckfnot^ in fingle
he coulMjQfnbat, one after the other, and drove the Savages they had
^^^"Bith them into the Woods. The Si|chem of the Majfachu'
^orn, t^pB^; difown*d thefe Savages in their Doings, pleaded Ignorance,
tbein be^d begg'd Pardon, which was granted, and a Peace con-
uded j but a Year or two after, a Plague deftroy'd him and
[moft all his People, which open'd a Way for the Majfackufeis
ttlement. Cape. Standijhoffefd to conduct Wejion'^ Men Thtir i^Jtc
Plimouth, where they might remain till they could agree »/Wffl on
m to difpofe of ihemfelves ; but they begg'd a Supply of ;^"'J'" ^'•"
h they ^^mrn, and fhipp'd themfclves aboard their Veflel, and went
dllcovaBjij yff^y in qugft of Mr. We/Ion, who was gone to the
Ilward a trading or fifliing, and returning foon after, heard
jg ii7fo™B^j,g deplorable Fate of his Plantation. Himfclf fared little
t the tmgj-j i^e IqA; ^jg goat in a Storm, fell into the Hands of
\}ns to nim Savages, who pillaged him of all he had, even to bij
[hey ^°"Biirt j and in this Condition he came to Plimouth^ where he
lideandlB £ j VVas

tcvpreir

Pro-
fome

with
i-fuch
:h the
^, and

id per-
Is and
iftorian
laii^'d a
propa-
\uei thi
wicKjJ, I
;s, who'
the Co-
an in all
if it had
Pimout\
'he Place
rd IVajU'
in SiS>

ury, owe!
)rs of m

a riotous!
\d wanted]

leir Woi

1 Miferabli

leir Need

^c Indk

lad entefi

m9 '

C ^'

w.'.,M>v:lll

»J '"IT- 4''i

;:IIMP»

I IB

Jftrtof

tm:h:r.

not venture <
to the Com]
Aflviir.

The Piant

Mr. IVinJIow

out their Pat

Hm^ Adbcia

came Lord of

men increaiedj

furrender the

thus, fays Mr,

lick, by a Pat<

weJl underftand

Hr/t under Pate

^he Hiftory 0/ New-England.

was faved from ftarving by the very Colony which he had a
tlioufand ways endeavoured to deftroy.

But there feems to have been a form'd Delign in En^.
Innd to cftablifli a Settlement on a Church of England \
Bottom; whether out of a truly religious Zeal, or out of|
Hatred to Puritanifm^ profefled by the Church of Nau.
En^landy I fliall not enquire ; but foon after lyejion had
(helter'd at Plimouth, arrived Capt. Gorge, Son cf Sir Ftr.
dinando before- mention'd, and feveral Families, which ap.
pear to have been of the Epifcopal Party, by their bring.
ing with them one Mr. Murret, a Minifter, who had
an Ecclcfiaftical CommilTion to be Superintendant, or Billiop
of the Churches: But Murres finding the Bulk of the People
were in a different way of thinking, made noufeof his Cora-
miffion, nor did Gorge make much more of his; but finding H«jw//^, by virtu
things not to atifwer his Expedtations, he reiurn'd to EnglamlWBradfordy ECq-
and, fays the Hiftorian, his Bijhop follrujed him. Their Corn-Has will be ken \
pany went fome to Virginia, and fome home. There wasBinferted m the
another Attempt for a Majfachufet Settlement before the laillto be doubted j
which took Effedt. HPatent was for ti

All this while the PUmouth Colony went on fuccefsfully iol By this time t
planting, trading and fifhing. The Country about them wasHvas To much inc
pretty well cleared, and the cultivated Fields produced foBhe Governor hai
good Harvells, that in 4 or 5 Years time they began to havSeferving only to
Store of Corn enough, and to fparc,of their own. Ships cam^il was afterwarc
every Year from England and brought over Paflengers, v/hici
made the Planters at PUmouth begin to want Room, ai
that very much forwarded the Settlements in other Parts
the Country. The Returns they made them in Furri
Fifli, C7V. were very profitable; and tho' the Patentees i\
nut much encreafe their Stock by it, yet particular Pcrfoi
encreafed theirs; and the Colony was in a Condition, witi
the Compafs of feven Years, to buy out the Patentees,
off what they had been out upon this Adventure, and ti
the whole Property into their own Hands; for they were Bsii'd this Year
yet on no better Footing than their Agreement with the CoiiBnIy, but [q the
cil of Pli mouth, who had the Grant of the Continent Bil in New-EngL
America from New-Scotland lo Carolina, under feveral NamB' whom they he
The Colony employ'd one Mr. IFilliam Pierce to take ouBit Colony whic
particular Patent for their Lands, which he did in his oiBfrlbns, who folio
Name, and not in theirs, intending the Planters iliouid hflit lived together
them under him. He got a vaft Tradt included in bisPatAck; for tho'
and above 1 00 Paflengers embark'd with him to go and tfle Produ(3: was
Poffeffion ; but after he had put twice to Sea, he was driSled out to each
back by foul Weather, and his Ship fo fliatte; <.!, ^hac he diBevent Waftc an(

uliiWe. TheT(

heir Charter
oration.

m a confiderabl
'Ijer things, thn
at came thirher
^^^ difcover'd b
fore any Mifc
ter into the Pa
if

The Hi/iory o/ New-England.

^ot venture out in her again \ (o he aHfign'd back his Patent
to the Company, and concerned himfelf no more in the

Affair-
The Planters having Advice of Pierce's Treachery fent '<'»5.

yix. IVinJJow to England to folicit their Affairs, and he took n^w Myi
out their Patent in the Name of IVill'tam Bradford, his out cht firji
Heirs, Aflbciates and Afligns, by which the Governor be- P*'*"*-
cameLord of the Country ; but when the Number of Free-
men increafcd, the General Court defircd the Governor to
furrender the Patent to them, which he readily did; and
thus, fays Mr. Nea/^ the Colony became a kind of Repub-
1 lick, by a Patent from King James I, which I do not very
well underftand ^ for it appears by the Charter itfelf, that the
irft under Patent, or Patent granted by the Council of P//-
\nijuth, by virtue of King Jameses Grant, was not to IVtlliam
IBradfordi Efq; but to Sir Henry Rofwei, Sir John young, &c.
as will be feen prcfently j but that Mr Bradford's Name was
linferted in the Patent, and that he fo furrender'd it, is not
|to be doubted ; and one may fuppofe that Sir Henry Rofwel*s
iPatent was for the Majfachufet Plantation.
By this time the Number of Inhabitants at New-Plimouth TbtComdi
m fo much increafed, that inftead of one Affiftant, which ''^^'"'""'^'
Ithe Governor had before, the Number was enlarged to five,
Jeferving only to the Governor a calling Vote. The Coun-
jcil was afterwards increafed to feven, and fo continued till
Iheir Charter was illegally taken from them after the Re-
Horation.

Mr. lyinjlow, at hisKeturn to Neiv-Engliindy brought. with 7'A^/''j'?wi''i«

Li a conliderable Supply for the Plantation ; and, amongft ^""'^ '*"■'•

Uer things, three Heifers and a Bull, the firft neat Cattle

hat came thither. Lyford and Oldham^s Treafon being hap-

(ily difcovcr'd by the Governor, and the Traytors punifti'd

efore any Mifchief came of it in the Colony^ I fliall not

nter into the Particulars of it, nor of the Fire which hap-

|en'd this Year in the Town, and burnv down three Hou^s

nly, but to the Ruin of the Inhabitants, who lofing their

1 in New-England by it, return'd to their Friends in Old^

whom they hoped to be better fupported than by an in-

nt Colony, which confifted now of 32 Houfes and 180

trfons, who followed their feveral Trades by Sea and Land,

iit lived together as yet like one Family, on the common

lock ; for tho* every Man had his Oivifion of Land, yet.

Produd was put into the publick Store- houfe, and di-

ded out to each Family according to their Number, to

levent Wafte and Profufion, till their Store was left e»-

luilible. The Town was paled in about

half a Mile in
Compafs.

,1 , ■!

■■■ !

^' ^

■ "V t

,, I.

'fivfe

.»!«. y^%:Wi

\i<- .] .»■

tJ'Jii

\.i

f. •.■

54. ■ 7be Hijlory of Ncw-EngUnd.

Compafs. In the Midft of the Indofurc, upon a rifing
(Jiound, was the Fort, and on the Top of it a Watth-
Towcr, from whence a great many Leagues at Sea might
be Itfcn, tho' there docs not I'eem ro be any Peril threatnin '
them that w.iy. They had made a Salt- Work, and thu
Year freighted a Ship of 180 Tons with Fifli cured with
their own Salt.

Capt. Stand'ifli was the next Year fcnt to England^ with a
Cargo of Beaver and other Furs, Fifh and Oil, in two Ships,
one of which was taken almoft within Sight of Pitrmuth by
a SalUe Man, which fo difcouraged the Adventurers in En^.
hnel, who had advanced Money for forwarding and fetthng
the Colony, that they rcfolved to give over and adventure
n9 more. I mufl needs own, that I am apt to believe,
confidering this Trade was young, and all young Trades have
generally the Quality of Youth to thrive and flourifli, that the
Planters did take more Cart of their own, than of the com-
mon Stock of the Adventurers at Plimouth and Lojidcn,
who traded by or under the general Patent, which ceruinly
was very reafonable and juftifiabic, confidering how far thty
went, and how much they risk'd and fuffer'd for it ; not but
that the Adventurers, if their Returns had all come fafely and
fealbnably, would have been fufficient Gainers; and I do not
fufpedt that the Planters defrauded them,'^ordeiain'd anything
which was not the Produce of their own particular Induftry,
Labour and OEconomy, and their own particular Improve-
ments; for when the Company was fo weary, that they be-
gun to bear hard on the Planters, and Mr. AllertoHy one of
the firfl St'tt/en in this Country, arrived in England to aflilt
Capt. Standijh in his Negotiations, they found there was no
bringing them to any agreeable Temper with the Trade, the
Company no fooner propofed an inviting Compofition, than
the Planters had their Money ready to depofite to acconi'
modate Matters with them. Their Demand on the Plan
' . tcrs was 1 800 /. which the latter had agreed to pay by 200/.
a Year; but on a Propofal of the Adventurers to abati
Part of that Money, and quit all Claims of Right to thi
IManters, what the Company demanded wa? immediately paii
down, and their Lands, Stock and Improvements were cli
and free from any Incumbrance to the Council of Plimuth^
or the Adventurers under them.
1626. In the Year 1^26, there was another Attempt made for
Settlement in the Mafachufets by Capt. PFoollaJion and thn
or four more Gentlemen of Subftance, who brought wii
them a great many Servants, Provifions and other Neceflaries]
They pitched at a Place which they called Mount IVolkp

now Brnini
had no juft
met with in
for Tome tim
thing, foon j
of his Scrvar
Rufdale^ his
the Men wou
England. VV
Fdiher his L
Plantation, ral
the way, to n
v/irh Drink, e
Colony, fpeak
vMtty of your C
Uay till Rufdal
\for Slaves ivith
cut this Lieutem
fation, will rect
way befreefron
and live together
already heated \
out into the wic
mi Morton bee
fter, Jed them ii
]^^t^ fet up a i^
^f Spight to th<
'anity. They j
"oufly, that the)
ifter the two Dn
Woollajhn and R^
% That Liqu
'r four Shillings 1
'0^. they muft c
-redible, and the
rheworft^of it,
fEngliJh^ was,
f^es with the &
Mify, taught t
nd difcharge a ^
\ and what Shot
fowling for the
:tter Markfmen t
w capable of d(
'Relighted with 1
'"r Bows and k\

l})f Hiflory o/* New-England.

now Bralntnt^ in Suffolk County. Capt. IVoollafton^ who
had no juft Notion of the Difficulties and Hardfliips to be
met with in beginning and perfcding a Settlement, which
for fome time would be in continual Want of almoll every
thing, foon grew weary of the Work, and failed, with Pare
of his Servants, to Virginia^ from whence he wrote to Mr. r.«p/Wooi.
RufdaU, his Deputy, to bring him more of them, for that 'j'*""'' •>''-
the Men would turn better to Account there than in N'Uu- VrZTdf"*^'
England. When Rufdale went away, he appointed one
Fllcher his Lieutenant ; but Morton^ a fmall Sharer in the
Plantation, taking the Advantage of FiUher's being out of
the way, to make the Company that were left there merry
wirh Drink, endeavoured to make himfelf Mafter of the
Colony, rpeaking to them in this manner: Gcntlcmeriy you fee Morron w«-
viany of your Companions carried aiuay to Virginia, and if you "■"'"'»'
|y/<j>- //"// Rufdale'j Return, you will be carried away and fold ^^*^'''^'''^'^'
tfor Slaves ivith the reft ; therefore I would advife you to thrufi
1 {.ui this Lieutenant Filcher, and /, having a Part in the Plan"
tation, will receive you as my Partners and Confociates j fo you
Unay be free from Servitude, and we zvill converfe, plant, trade
Und live together as Equals. This Speech enflaming their Spirits,
already heated with Liquor, they turn'd Lieutenant Filcher
lout into the wide World as foon as he came amongft them ;
land Morton becoming their fole and abfolute Lord and Ma-
imer, led them into all forts of Extravagance and Debauchery.
JThey fet up a May-pole, and danced round it, as much out
dF Spight to the Puritans of Plimouth, as out of Riot and
IVanity. They abandoned themfelves to Drunkennefs fo fu-
Vioufly, that they, perhaps not above 30 or 40 in Number,
pter the two Draughts had been made fiom their Colony by
pW/(7/?(5w and Rujdale, confumed lo/. in Liquor in a Morn-
ng. That Liquor was probably Diftillers Spirits, at three
brfour Shillings a Gallon j fo that, after the Calculation of
|o/. they muft drink above a Gallon a Piece, which is not
redible, and the Sum or the Number mull be miftaken.
The worft of it, with refpedt to the Settlement and Trade of
hEngliJh, was, that thefe Profligates, to ingratiate them-
plves with the Savages, and by that means fupport their Pro-
gality, taught them the Vie of Fire-Arms, to charge reaches the
nd difcharge a Musket, what Proportion of Powder to put Savages tht
|i, and what Shot ; Morton exercifed them, and fent them ^mi^^""
fowling for them. Thus, in a little time, they became
tter Markfmen than the Englijh, and being fwift of Foot,
[ere capable of doing more Execution. The Indians were
I delighted with this new Invention, that they threw away
(eir Bows and Arrows, and gave any Price for Fire-Arms.

E 4. When

*'.

■St

»■■ I

«■*.

'56

^he Hiftory o/* New-England.

I '"J

^.1!

' (.

' ,,^

' ' -ill' ; y

When Plimouth Colony heard of this, they fent Meflengers
to expoftulate with Morton about it^ putting him in mind
of the King's Proclamation, which forbad their trading with
the Indians for any War-like Stores ^ but he infolently re-
ply'd, The King is dead, and his Difpleafure with him ; and
if you come to dijiurb me again, look to yourfelves, 'tis at your
Peril. Upon this, Governor Bradford and his AlViftants
refolved to reduce him by Force, and fent Capt. Standi/})
with a Party of Men to bring him dead' or alive. Morton
ftood upon his Defence, barricado'd his Houfe, arm'd his
Companions, heated them as ufual with Drink, and oefy'a
the Captain, who, however, ventured up to the Door, and
Morton coming out to make a fliot at him, StandiJ}? put by
his Piece, and took him Prifoner. His Company furrender'd
at Difcreiion. Morton was convey'd to Plimouth, and thence
to England^ with Letters to the New-England Council, who
took little Notice of the Complaints againft himj nor indeed
had much at Heart the Interelt of the Colony of Plimoutb,
whofe Religion they did not affedt, nor much like the In-
creafe of their Numbers and Profperity, which prefaged
their Endeavours to become independent of them. A^orton
made fevcral Voyages to New-England afterwards, and at
laft ended his miferable Life at Pifcataqua. The Behaviour
of JVeJion''s Men at Weymouth^ and Morton's at Braintrtt^
was far from being worthy the Religion they profefs'dj that
of the Church of England.

In the Year 162% the Colony at Plimouth began to fpread

themfelves farther into the Country, and inftead of the for-

D'firUntitn mcr fmall Diftribution of Land, the Government allotted to

!•/ Land, g^g^y Q^g j^ g^^jj Family 20 Acres, to be laid out five in|

Length by the VVaterfide, and four in Breadth.

The Perfecution of the Spiritual Courts continuing ii
Old England^ and the Puritans there hearing how free aa
eafy their Hrethren began to live in New-England, manyol
the chief Perfons among them had Thoughts of removinj
thirhcr. No Man forwarded this more than the Reverem
Mr, John fVhite^ Minifter of- Dorchefier, Dorfet, who pri
jedled a new Settlerhent in Maffachufet Bay to be an Afylui
for the Divines who were filenced by the Bifliops Severidi
in England. He prevailed wich one Mr. Roger Conant, pri
bably a Relation of that eminent Puritan, Dr. John Conm
Rector of Exeter^QoWo^c, Oxon, and fome others, to
over to Nsiv- England and make a Beginning, which they dij
bk^fore IVooVnflons Men broke up about Cape Ann., t
Northern Promontory of Maffachufet Bay -, but the Misbj
haviour of the EvgUjh at Mount IVoollajiony and other D'

couragemeni

■j«a8.

i:ouregementSj
Iment, and d(
from Mr. fVh
[Patience woul
. Patent, and
and ail things
Conant ftaid, 2
Ifetde at. Mr,
iblicited the 1^
Patent of the
Grant of a gr<
U//, Sir John

that Pare of the

:iver Merrimc

ind three Mile

iea near Bojior.

\kk Gentlemer

;liants of Lond^

rade, were m

lenclemen. T

hltonjlal, Ifaac

h, Efq- Matt

kreafe Nowel,

\m, Efq-y Nai

'imphihis Eato\

\ John Bn

tlutchins, Efq;

\(oyge Foxcrcft,

\(n is the fame

V in his Hiflory,

mticus Remonfi

i'hom Rulhworth

lous CoJIedion

jrefentative in ]

wnfon, Efq; ma

pghter, his W

ilonjial was

fie Names of d
le former in a n
'ear for that Pur
'^\(\^ new Com
lovernor of the
Hachufts, and
"n they difpatch
P the iictle Cole

Ihe Hijlory o/"New-Englancl.

couregeinents, made Mr. Conant foon weary of his Employ-
ment, and defirous to return, when he received Letters
froin Mr. iVhite^ importing, that if his and his Companions
Patience would laft a little longer, he would procure them
a Patent^ and fend them over Friends, Goods, Proviiions,
and all things neceflary for a Settlement. Upon which Mr. J^'j^ X-"/
iCmant (laid, and look'd out for a proper Place to build andci'ufet col
fetde at. Mr. White^ according to his Promife, fo efFedually lony.
folicited the Matter, that fever&l of his Friends purchafed a
Patent of the Council of Plimouth, who had the general
Grant of a great Part of this Continent, to Sir Henry Rof-
L//, Sir John Toung^ Thomas Southcot, Efq; John Humphreys,
l(iy John Endicot, Efqj and Simon lVhetco?nb^ Efq; for all
hat Part of the Country that lies three Miles North of the
iver Merrimack^ which falls into the Sea near Salisbury^ jke Ex'ent
nd three Miles South oi Charles River, which falls into thcf"^^* ^^-
ea near Bojion, at the Bottom of Majfachufet Bay. But'"'^*
hefe Gentlemen took in others, fome of whom being Mer-
hsnts of London^ and well acquainted with Shipping and
rade, were more proper for this Enterprize than Country
entlemen. To the firft Patentees were added Sir Richard'^f^^^^^'
'altonjial, Ifaac Johnfon^ Efqj Samuel Adderly^ Efq; John
'm, Kfq^ Matthew Craddock^ Efq- George Hamtnond^ Efq;
)icreafe Nowel, Efq; Richard Perry y Efqj Richard Belling-
m, Efq-, Nathaniel IVright^ Efq; Samuel Vajfal^ Efqj
hcophilus Eatony Efqj Thomas Goff^ Efq; Thomas Adams,
to rpreadRfq; John Browne^ Efq; Samuel Browne^ Efq; Thomas
)f the hx^ltitchins^ Efq; WUliam Vajfal, Efq; William Pinchon^ Efq;
mrge Foxcroft, Efq; moft of thele were Puritans. Mr.
\n is the fame Man whom the Earl of Clarendon fpeaks
f in his Hiftory, as leading the City of London after him in
'Mtus RemonJiranceSy &c. Mr. Fajfal is the fame Man
horn Ruilnuorth fpeaks of, as ftrenuoufly oppofing the tyran-
lous Collection of Tonnage and Poundage. He was Re-
efentative in Parliament for the City of London. Ifaac
'ihnfon^ Efq; married, I guefs, fome Englijh or Scottijh Earl's
laughter, his Wife being ftiled Lady Arabella. Sir Richard
lionjitil was of a Baronet's Family in NorthamptonJItire.
he Names of thofe additional Patentees were infer ted with
e former in a new Charter or Patent, taken out the next
ear for that Purpofe, dated the 4th of March, 1628.
This new Company chofe Mattheiu Craddock, Efq; to be^*'*^*''^^
ch they dBovernor of the Colony they were about to eftabifli at the ^Efq^clvcr^
Ann^ im^ofachufts, and John Endicot, Elq; to be his Deputy. «o),*
the MisbBitn they difpatch'd away ijnmediately, to relieve and hear- ^'^^"3,"'^'"
other DiBnthe little Colony which Mr. Canant ftill kept there, 'm%p,Gover^
uragemeniH Expc6lation«ar.

engers
, mind
g with "
tly re-
I ; and
at your
iTiftants
Itandijl)
Morton
n'd his
i aefy'a
)or, and
' put by
render'd
d thence
icil, who
or indeed
Plimouth^
c the In-
prefaged
Morton
s, and at
Behaviour
Brnintrciy
Fefs'dj that

allotted to[
lut five inl

itinuing iii

iw free and

fl, manyoj

removinj

Reveren^

who pro

an Afylu:^

b Severitid

Jonanty pro!

lohn CorM\

hers, to

i! '

" ' '' !■ '

I ■:!■:

;,■ if;

;fc

^'- ::1

■ -i!

'\m <^^

^8 7^^ mpory of New- England.

Expedation of the Coining of their Friends. The People I
that went with Mr. Endicot were but a poor Relief, moft
of them fell fick of the Scurvy and other infectious DiftetnJ
persj many of them died, and more would have dropp'd I
ha3 not Dr. Fuller of Plimouth come feafonably to their Af. I
fiftance, and ftaid with them the whole Winter, till their
"fri9' Seafoning was pretty well over. This friendly Office was
handfomly acknowledged by Mr. Endicot, in his Letter to I
Governor Bradford from hieumkeaky now Salem, the Ind^iaA
Name for the Place where they feated. The London Ad. I
venturers making great Preparations for a numerous Embarka-I
tion with feveral of the Patentees, had it early in theirl
Thoughts to provide Minifters to be their Chaplains, and calll
their Eyes on the Reverend Francis Higgivfon, M. A. thel
filenced Minifter of Lcicefter, and the Reverend Mr. ^amm
Skelton, a filenced Minifter of Lincolnjhire, Men of excellentl
Learning, Parts and Picry,

The Fleet that carried over the Grand Colony, as it ui
called, to diftinguifh it from the Lefs, tho' the elder one,a:l
Plimouth^ conlifted of thefc Ships.

Z"tGrjnd
J-inh trl\itioa

The George Bonaventure, of 20 Guns.
The Talbot, of , . .20 Guns.
The Lion^s IVhelp, of .
The Mayjiower, of .
The Four Sijicrs, of ,
The Pilgrim, of . .

8 Guns. Perhaps the fame that]
14, Guns. carry 'd over tli
14 Guns. fir ft Planters.

4. Guns.

C'lnrih
ferutijt

Aboard thefe Ships embark'd about 350 Paffengers, Mei^
Women and Children, with 1 1 5 Head of neat Cattle, fuchs
Horfes, Mares, Cows, U'c. 4.1 Goats, fome Conies, andaj
other NecefiTaries; as alfo 6 Pieces of Cannon, Stores 0)
Arms and Powder, Drums and Colours, for the ufe of th(
Militia that was to be, and which foon enough was wante
This Fleet failed from the Ifle of fVight May the ift, andi
rived at Neumkeak, nov/ Salem, the 24th of "June.

Whatever is the Occafion of it, whether it is that the Del
fire or Pradtice of Liberty is ftronger in Englijhmen than otha
Nations, and this drives them too often to LicentioufnelJ
which they miftake for Liberty ; but fo it happen'd, that 1
fooncr was thefe new Comers fettled a little in this Countrl
and had come to an Agreement with the Colony of P//ww//;j
the Affair of Religion, which was determined to be intirej
f/ Puritan, but fome of the laft Company obferving the M
^'^'^^''nifler did not ufe the Common-Prayer Book, they fetupj
feparate Affcmbly according to the Ufage of the Church

Eniki

People
f, moft
Diftem.
iropp'd,
heir Af<
till theit

^e Hiflory of New-England. '

{Mland, At the Head of thefe were John Brown and 5^-
fnud Brawn, the one a Merchant, the ocher a Lawyer, and

both Patentees. Mr. Endicot, the Governor, perceiving •■he
Dillurbance that was like to arife by this early Divifion in
the Infancy of the Colony. *" ■': for the two Brothers, and
the two Minifters vindicated Jx way of Worfliip with very
fice waiHiearonable and modcft Arguments j but the Brownes grow-
etter toBiir^ ang*'y» ^"^ endeavouring to raife a Mutiny, were fent
i3ck to England by the Return of the Ships which brought
Ithem over.
After this, the Colony had Peace among themfelves for salem huu
[one time, having built many Houfes at Neumkeak^ as alfo a
hurch, gave it the Name of Salem, about 8 Miles to the
^'oi'thward of Bojion, now Effex County.
The next Year, a greater Fleet than the laft was provided ;;;i63o.
r this Voyage by the London Adventurers, no lefs than lo "
lail; and Mr. Craddack, the Governor, declining to go over
Perfon, the Company made Choice of John Winthrop^l^^^^'^^':
fq; to fucceed Jiim in the Government, and appointed Gnvfr«nr/^'
Imas Dudley, Efq; to be his Deputy j a Man of more Ex- Thomas
:rience and Eminence than Mr. Endkot, who was an honeft, Dudley, £%
ell-meaning Man, but not of Genius and Vigour fufficient J^, ^'''''*'^'
ir the orderly Management of People who, as may be
en by the Brownes, were not the moft manageable. Mr.
'inthrop was the Son of Jdam fVtnthrop, Efq; of Grotan in
''ilk, where he ferved as Juftice of the Peace before he
as 20 Years old, having been bred to the Law. He fold
Eftate, (J or 700/. a Year, and turned it into proper Ma-
ials for the Service of this Plantation. Thomas Dudley,
[q; was born at Northampton, and intended alfo for the
w; but was diverted from his Study by a Commiffion
ich Queen Elizabeth gave him to command a Company
Foot in the Service of Henry IV. of France, which being
an End by a Peace between France and Spain, he return'd

e Indian

ndon Ad'

L,mbarka

in their

and caft

I. A. the

r. Samwi

excellent

', as it isl
er one, at

e famethtl
over tl
nters.

|gers, Mea
;tle,fuch3
lies, and all
Stores ol
ufe of thl
'as wante
ft, andi

ime, and by his Converfation with the very religious,
Irned and approved Mr. Dodd, the Gofpel Minifter., he
^at the DeBcame a ftrift Puritan, which obliged him to quit his Em-
than othByment as Steward to the Earl of Lincoln, in which he was
^ntioufneflt eafy as to his Confcience, on account of Conformity ;
I'd, that iB this was the Reafon of his embarking in this Fleet for
lis QomMpV'England.

[PlimmthWp^'iQ firft Winter after the Arrival of Mr. Endlcoth Colony

be intireBved fatal, for it carried off above 100 of the Company ;

la the mB doleful Accounts are given in of the Sicklinefs of the Co-

\ey fet uply when thefe new Planters came to it, which muft be

Church Balion'd for want of being cleared only, fince the Cli-

EniliM mate

■A

)•!'-

i-rr

'r. ^iJi.

•■f'

m ;

■'!■

mth

»' A:

■1 %

1 ,

. I

«<

i I-

"m
w

f S''

' *.

Hi'

■mm r 7)i)VC

Sits.

Char'rs-

6o Tlie H'ljlory of New-England.

mate and the Voyage have had no fuch ill EfFedts on thofe
that fail'd thithsrand fettled there in our times. Among the
Deceafed was Mr. Higginfon the Minilter, who left two
Sons behind him, the younger of whom the Revetcnd Mr.
"John Higginfon^ was Minifter of Salem when the firft Edition
of this Volume was publifli'd, 78 Years after the Death of |
his Father, or thereabouts.
vl^i\ ^^Ind '^^^ Admiral of the Fleet was about to fail to Jslew En^A
other GuTie- land in the Ship call'd the Arabella^ from the Lady Johifon
who, with her Husband, were aboard her. With thefe em.
bark'd Sir Richard Saltonjial, John Ven^ Efqj TheophiM
Eaton^ Efqi feveral other Gentlemen, and about 200 Paflen-
gers, who were forced out of their native Country by the I
Pcrfccution.

They arrived at Sakm^ in a very fickly Condition, in JulA
The Lady Arabella died foon after they came afhore, and her
Husband, Mr. 7<'^;«/^»7, followed her within a Month. Thel
Planters divided themfelves into two Bodies, one fettled at a I
Place which they call'd Charles Town, it being on GharliX
River, creded and foim'd a Church, and chofe the Reverend!
Mr. John IVilfon^ M. A. who came with them from £«^.
landy to be their Part or. He was Son of Dr. PHlfon, Pre-
bendary of St. Paul's, Rochejier and IVindfor. He had bceal
Fellow of King's College, Cambridge, and Minifter of 8ui\
bury in Suffolk^ where he was outcd by Dr. Harfnet^ Bifiiop
of Norwich, for Nonconformity.

Another Body of thefe Planters fettled at a Place whiclJ
they called Dorchcfter^ probably in Remembrance of thtj
good Offices of Mr. IVhiie^ Minifter of that Borough
England, They chofe the Reverend Mr. JVarcham^ thclil
Pallor i but thcl'e Planters and their Minifters, upon a bettei
Acquaintance with the Country, removed their Habitation!
afterwards, and feated at other Places, more commodiojj
for Shipping and Trade; for, as we fhalljfind hereafter,
we have not found already, all the EtigUjh who tranfplantq
themfelves to New-England did not come thither for till
fake of Religion and Liberty of Confcience, but many can:
for the Fi/d and the Furrs^ which, in thofe Days, foond
enrirh'd thofe that dealt in them than they do now.

I'he Indians^ growing, jealous of fo many Foreigners 1
mong ihetn, and being at firft much more numerous thai
the Engli/hj the latter lived in fear,tho' they were well arm'j
and had alfo Artillery. I do not fee there was much ReafJ
for them to be fo afraid of the Savages, and that Terrj
abi'^ed upon the Dcfolation which happen'd to their Neiglj
hour Indians by the Small- Pox j tho' the Engii/h gave thd

Darcheft.r.

7be Hl/Iory of Ncw-En^hn<\. 6i

all the AfiTiftance they could, nine in ten of them died, and
the refl: fled from uie Infe^'i^ion. 'Tis a fingular Inflance ofr/.'rfEpp,l''h
die Equity and Humanity of our Puriian Planters, that not- ^^''"'^'''J,;^''"
withftanding the Patent they had for the Country from thchfai.ns.'
Crov/n of England^ yet they fairly purchafed of the Na-
tives the feveral Trads of Land which they poflefs'd and
planted, which cannot be {-M of the French at Canada^ nor
j the Spaniards any where in the IVe/1-Indics^ nor perhaps of
ahc Engli/h in other Parrs of America'^ but if any European
Nation did really buy of the Indiatis^ who had the natural
[Right of Inheritance to the Country they alienated by Sale,
what an idle impudent Pradice would the Claim of the Spa-
Wimh be ro fuch a Place, by virtue of the Pope's Donation,
lor their firft forcible Entrance into it ?

Towards the End of the Year, a Part of the Colony of
\Charies-Toujn removed to a Pcmnfula, which lies in the very
th. TheBBottom of Majpichujk-Qay, and is the moll commodioudy
Jfituated for Commerce of any Place in the Country. Here
|ihey built the Town of BOSTON, now the Metrop!ln^°^°^^'^-
of Neiv-Englandy and the biggeft City of all the Britijh Em-
pire in Jmerica.
The next Year, feveral Ships and Paflengers arrived from i6;i»
\r.ghnd^ among whom was the Reverend Mr. John Elliot^
[he Apoftle of the Indians. He had been educated at the
Jniverfity of Cambridge, and was Alliftant to the learned
Imd pious Mr. Thomas Hooker, Fellow of Emanuel-Colkgc,
his noted Grammar-School at Badew, near Chelmsford, in
l([ex, where he had been Ledturer, and filenced by the
"ilhop of London, notwithftanding 47 neighbouring Qergy-
en lign'd a Petition, teilifying, That Mr. Hooker was ortho-
in DoSirine, hone/} and jober in his Life and Converfa-
m, of a peaceable Difpofiiion, and no ways turbulent or
•a'ms. Several of Mr. Elliotts Acquaintance, who were
ellow-SufFerers with him in the Spiritual Court, agreed to go
iver with him, or come after him to New-England. Mr,
hikr was withdrawn to Holland from the Rage of the Kc-
(fiajVtcal Rulers, and he and his Friends, being under the
e OpprelTion, intended alfo to pafs into America, as he
id two Years after. Mr. IVmthrop, Governor of the Maf-
:bu/etSy and Mr. JVilfon, Minifter of Bojlon, travelled on
ot the following Spring through the Woods as far as Pli-
uth, 40 Miles, to fettle a Correfpondence between the
Colonies. We fee, by their padding of it, that the
ovcrnors of Provinces had not then Conveyance and Equi-
ige for their Perfons, as fince they have had, tho' few
ve been Gentlemen of more Diflindion for Birth and

Charadler

H5j3.

'i i- ■■-J -ill

F1^ ■- - •.-■ .

i:^

i M

jJiV Chriflo-

Gardiner

arrives.

T^e Tlifiory of New- England.

Charader than Mr. Winthrop. About the fame time, ar.
rived at Bojion Sir Chrijiopher Gardiner^ faid to be ol:' thg i
Family of that proud and cruel Prelate, Stephen Gardiner^ in
Queen Marfs Reign, who being himfelf a Baftard, thisi
Chrijiopher^ who, ic leems, was a Knight of Malta^ and
confequently, a Papift^ muft be of a collateral Brancli o'fl
that Bifliop's Family. He brought over with him a handJ
fome young Wench, whom he called his Coufin, as is com.|
mon among the Bawds and Bullies in the lewd Parts of U^,
don J and pietending to be a Puritan^ gave out, that beinjl
weary of rambling, as he had done, over the greateft Par?
of the World, he was come to NeW' England to fpend the!
reft of his Days in Retirement ; but having been guilty ofl
fome Mifdemeanors foon after his Arrival, he fled froml
Juftice, and took Sanduary among the Indians near PlimQuA
Colony. The Governor of the Majfachujets publifli'd J
Proclamation, promifing a Reward to thofis that fhould ap.|
prehend him ; upon which the Indians apply'd to the Go.!
vernor of Plimouth^ and asked if they fhould kill him ? Hel
faid, No ; but if they could take him alive, they ftouldl
have the Reward. Accordingly they attack'd him ; but thj
Knight defended himfelf fo refolutely, that they had mucli|
ado to mafter him; which having done, after he had receiv'dl
feveral Wounds, they carried him to PJimouth, where he wai
put into a Surgeon's Hands, and when he could travel, fentj
to the MaJfachufetSy and from thence to England^ wiiere,
notwithftanding this was all the Punifhment inflidted on hin
for his Enormities^ he compbined loudly of the arbitrary an
tyrannical Proceedings of the Governor againft himfelf andl
others, and joined with Sir FerdinaAdo Gorges, Capt. MA
fon, &c. againft the Colonies in New-England. This Sij
Ferdinando Gorges appears to be no good Friend to thefe h
ritans, tho' one of the chief of the Council of Plimouti
The Return of his Son and his Bifliop before-mentiona
without Succefs, did not put him into a better Humod
with them j and Morton's coming off with Impunity, m
he had fo bafely betray'd the EngHJh, by teaching the Savag
the ufe of thefe Arms, with which he fupply'd them, and after |
moft daring and dangerous Mutiny, ftiews, that the Cound
of Plimouth, of which this Sir Ferdinando Gorges, Govenid
of that Town, was one of the chief, did not much afFei
the Colonies in New- England, as well on Account of thd
Independency, as their Religion. The Cafe of this Petidol
was heard before the Privy- Council, who, inftead of favouj
ing Sir Ferdinando Gorges, and his Friend, Sir ChrijioM
Gardiner, publifli'd an Order for the Encouragement of t|
Adventurers. ^ Jmi

Tie, ar.
of the
iner, in I
rd, this!
■a, and,
anch of I
a hand-
is com.
i of IM'
\at bein»|
teft Part
pend thel
' guilty oj
led froml
PlimouM
iblidi'd jl
liould ap.|
D the Go-I
himPHel
ey Ihouldl
I 'y butthtl
had muchi
id receiv'dl
lerehewai
ravel, fei
«i, wher^
;cd on bin

T/je Hijlory of New-England.

January 19, 1652.

Preient

£,jr</ Privy-Seal,
Earl of -Dtfr/f /,
Lord Vifcount Falkland,
Lord Bifliop oi London,
Lord Coding ton J

Mr. Trevor,
Mr. I'ice'Chamberlaln^
Mr. Secrerary 6>(J/(,
Mr. Secretary JVindebank,

In the Fleet which arrived from England the next
fear, came three famous Puritan Divines, as the reverend
nd learned Mr. John Cotton, B. D. Fellow of Emanuel-
College, Cambridge, and Minifter of Bojhn in Lincoln-
\\r(^ who was driven from his Church and paftoral
pharge upon Information of a debauch'd Fellow of the
fovvn, who, to be revenged of the Magiftrates for pu-
(iihing him according to his Deferts, fwore that neither
liey nor their Minifter, Mr. Cotton^ kneeled at the Lord's

upper, nor obferved other Ceremonies. Mr. Cotton, to a-

oid the cruel EfFedts of the high CommiJJion Tyranny, fecret-
himfelf a while. Great Interceffion was made for him

I Archbifliop Laud by the Earl of Dorfct and other noble

ords.

163:

lying of this great Peer be fufficient to give the Reader an "f**
lea of the Spirit of the Perfecutors, and the Innocence and
prefTion of the Perfecuted. With Mr. Cotton, who was
[ofen Alfiftant to Mr. Wilfon, Minifter at BoJhn, cam? Mr.
\mai Hooker, before-mention'd, who was eledled Minifter
■the Church at Newton, afterwards called Cambridge, 3 Newt n, or
[ilcsfrom Bojion. Now alfo came over the reverend andf^-JJ^^""^^*
[rned Mr. Samuel Stone, another Puritan Minifter ; and the
ime of thefe Men fettling in NeW'England invited over
limbers of Puritans to fupport their Interefts Spiritual and
JEmporal, by the free Exercile of their Religion, and the
ijoyment of good Lands and good Trade.
iThe next Year, the Indians on the Borders of PU mouth iC^i^,
)!ony, who were the Pequots, murdered feveral Englijh,
[ticuUrly Capt. Stone and Capt. Norton, who failing in a
pll Bark from New-England towards Virginia, turned up
meSiicut-'R.iy&c, where in the Night the Savages got aboard Tht Indians
[Bark, furprized and murdered Stone as he lay aileep in his ^'"''f'^y**
Din- but iVor/o« got into the Cook-Room, and bravely de- '^"
ded himfelf, till the Powder which he had fet before him
kn open VelTel blew up, and put out his Eyes, after which
was killed, with the reft of his Crew, being fix Men.

This

«:ii>JI^'§

•^^ \ I

■ I. .!''.'

-i '■'

I '<'

f-ll

Capt> Stone
miudir'd.

fke Hijlory ^/New-England.

This Outrage was, doubtlcr<!, not a National Quarrel of the |
Savajres with the Englijh, but a particular Attempt of fotnc I
Jndians, for the fake of Plunder. Indeed the Indiam {i\\\
they did it in their own Defence, Capt. Stone having feiz'(j
two of their Men, and obliged them to pilot him up the
River againft their Wills; and, confidering the £«^//y7j, aswel
ihall fee prefcntly, began to have an Eye towards the Lands!
on the Borders of the laid River, the Indians, who could not!
be without Jealoufy, living fo near them, muft conceiVel
that this Bark was making up Conne^icut-Kiver to pre.f
pare the Way for other EngUpmen to come and pofiefjl
the Country without previous bargaining for it. Thel
Indians faid, that nine of them were order'd to watcj
the Bark, that they might have an Opportunity to fetch 4
their two Men; that Stone and two of his Sailors con
ing aftiore, were furprized and kill'd in the Night as they werd
aflecp, and that the Bark blew up, and was burnt by Acci]
cident. But as it is not likely the Engiijh would ileepaj
fliore in the Night in the Savages Country, and the ?/J
refufing to reftorc the Goods which they had plunder'd ;
the Bark, the Englijh conceived an Enmity towards that NaJ
tion, which, in a very little time, paid dearly for this Robbe
Tho' 1 (hall refer the Reader to the Reverend Mr. A^a^
Hiftory of New-England for Ecclefiaftical Matters ingenq
lal ; yet I fliall touch upon them as they lie in my way, wha
particular F'ads recommend them to me.

Mr. Skclton^ Minitter of Salem^ dying, that Church cho
his Affirtanr, Mr. Roger iVilliams^ to be their Paftor, will
foon gave Offence to his more ordodox Brethren, by the|
lingular Tenets, That it is not lawful for good Men iojokl
Fainily Prayer with the wicked. Inllead of good ?nd ivkhi
my Author ufes the Terms regenerate and unregenerate, il
technical for a Lay Writer. That it is not laivful to ii
an Oath to the Civil Magi/irate-^ but what follows mufti
Indian Hcrefy in the higheft Degree, That the Patent which /I
ttinhlild f^^^f°^' ^beir Lands from King Charles luas invalid and /»/J

ous to the Native i^ King Charles having no Power to dtjmktdiion of~the'

of the Lands of the Indians to his Subje^s. For my PartBhe Bapti/is and

cannot anfwer this fo readily as the great Lawyers who d:^ "

that Patent would have done ; neither am I inrirely convii

of the Herefy in the new Notions, That the Civil Ma^jl^

has nothing to do with religious Principles and Divine Strv

that there Jhou Id be a general and unlimited Toleration fsrl

Religious, and that to punijh Men for Matters of Confdl

was Perfecution. I have not the Impudence to fay that i

not] and yet we fhall find that the Brethren ofNew-Engk

Ifr Ros;er

dandle more rigJ
iCounfelsj and
\io New-£f,g/aJ
R had not been]
|its than with thoj
W^»ryrane, J t)
|Mr. mnthrop rl
% returned

I i

^e Hijlory of Ncw-Englmd.

of the
f ibmc
sni faidl
igfeii'd

up the
f)j as we I
.e Lands!
ould nut
conceive

to pre-
d pofTefil
t. The
to watcj

fetch ofi
ors COB
they wet^
: by Accij
Id lleep i|
:he PijKotj
lunder'd t
is that Nj'
is Robber

Mr. Uti
ers in
way, wbi

fiyino; from the moft flagitious Perfecunon in the C'rl/fian'^"*^'^^''
VVorid, are fo f from being deterr'd by their own Suffer- '^^/^^^''J^,^^
inas, and the De (irmity of the Pradices of their Perfecutors,
that they are fcarce out of the Reach of them, before the/
themfclves fet up tiie moft flrani^c and Cruel of all Perfecu:ion,
las being againfl their Fellow Sufferers and Fellow-Exiles in the
I Wilder ncffes, to which they fled from the Fury of their im-
Iplacable Enemies. It cannot now but be well known, that
Ithe Chrifians in Power arc every where the Orthodoxy and
jthofe that objedt to it are the Schifmrticks and Hereticks;
\ccordingly Mr. JP'tlVuwis^ refufing to fubmit to the De-
fcition of the orthodox Minitters, the Magiftrates banifli'd
him the Majfachufets Colony, and fo many of his Followers
1 efpoufed his Caufe, that they form'd a Church by themfelves^ ,
Ind built a Town, to which, and the River adjoining, they
\m the Name oi Prudence. It lies Southward of PUrnouth^
the Country of the Narragantjets^ over-againft Rhode-
'and. By Mr. JVilliami's prefcnt and future Condutfl, and
[y what we read of his Behaviour at this time, one cannot .
fce any Reafon for the Magiftrates dealing with him fo
ughly ; but what is the Moderation and Humanity of M?.-
Ijftrates, under the Influence of a rigid Priijihoody as thefe
hritun Minifters appear hitherto to be.^

'in the Fleet that arrived this Year from England, came ,*^3''
ir Heniy Fane the Younger. He was well guardtd and y^ "'""^^

_ ant', Jurt^

ended, the Fleet conlifting of no lefs than 20 Sail, florcd urriveihtrs.
hurch choHith Goods and Paflengers. He was a very warm Noncon-
after, wjmj//, and his Father was againft his goings but the King^
10 was \yell enough pleafed to have him ouc of the Way,
liiged the elder Sir Henry to confent to his Son's Voyage
Abfence for three Years. His Defign was to begin a
tiement on the Banks of the River ComuSficut j but the
nters, upon his Arrival, complimenting him with the
vernment of the MaJJlichufetSy he refolved to ft ay among Goverm* of
tn. But he proved not fo orthodox and fo manageable as 'i;,^/^*'

expedted ; he did not give himfelr up intirely to the

eftion of the ruling Minifters and Elders 5 he was tender

:he Baptijis and others, whom the Orthodox were refolved

andle more rigoroufly j he was pofitive in following his

Counfels ; and it is very plain the Gentlemen who were

to New-England, would not have gone fo far from home,-

ey had not been much better pleafed with their own Senti-

ation /or Bits than with thofe of other Men j fo, at the next Eiedlion,

of Cmf^Htnry Vane, I think not then a Knight, was fet afide,

fay that IB Mr. IVinthrop reftored to the Government^ after which

'aW'Enimiimry returned vq England, and his Anions there are re-

H ' F corded

:n, by thJ

\en to jm I
?nd mii\
'cneraU^ \\
\ivful to ti
ws mufti
It which it
d and iriji
to dii
my Paitj
rs who dtl
;ly convii

vine Stri}

]ier

^ Li

, ' ■■■!!'

ifV,:[.a'

;;■*!'

tied

Hfrtford
hullt, "< a'f»

held.

66 T/^^ J///?^ry ^^ New-England.

corded in all our Hiftc/ries, to his Creditor Di''r, j
cording to the Views and Inclinations of the Hi(lor/*Mv,
Connfftl uc The Projed for a Plantation on Conne^licut-Rivcr was not
cicy i,t' jj.Qp^^ jjjQ, j>jj^ ^^^^.y y^^^ jjj ^yj proceed in it. This S«.

tlemcnt was become the more neceflkry, bccaufe the P^y^j/
Indians began to grow very infoient and troublefom, and
the building a Town and Fort on that River would make a good
Frontier on that Side. Agents were fent to view the Country,
who made fuch an advantageous Report of the FruitfulneU I
of the Soil, and Largenefs of the River, as made many of the
Planters of Newton, DorcheJh>\ IVaterton and RoxburytA
tertain Thoughts of tranfpianting themfclves thither, being
already ftrcighten'd for Room where they were. Mr. HookirA
JMinifter oi Newtcny put himfclf at the Head of thefe new Ail
venturers, about lOo in Number, who fet out in the Mon!h|
of July, and travelling on Foot with their Children and
gage 9 or lo Miles n Day, came in lo or if Days to thcj
Banks of the River, where they pitch'd, and began a Town,!
which they called Hartford. After the.'c came anothcrl
wn'!f'.rr«^ Draught from Dorchcjhr, who built a little Town, whicj
Weathers- t'.ley Called IVindJor, A third Detachment from IFaurUt
built JVeathenfield ; and a fourth from Roxbury, built Spring
fields in Hampjhire County, the three former Towns bein
in Hartford County. The Towns the Planters firft built (
this River were 50 and 60 Miles from its Mouth, accordii^
to Mr. Neal, who writes, that the Ship freighted with Pro
vifions for thefe Planters at the Ma[fachu(cts came fo lateij
the Year, that it was frozen up ct the Mouth of it 60 Mik
from the Plantation. Upon which many of thefe new Adj
venturers travelled back in the Depth of Winter, and otha
who attempted it, were frozen to Death. The CalamiiiJ
and Misfortunes which attended them are fuch as all
Settlements are liable to j tho' it muft be confeffed, that,
fome Inftances, thefe firft Comers did not ad with due Prj
caution and Preparation. Thofe that had Courage to
till the Spring carried on their Plantations with fuch Succ
that they were not only in a Capacity of fubfifting tha
fclves, but of making Head againft their Enemies. Theyl
& fort of Commiflion from the Government of the i%i
ihuftt'Biy ; but finding they had extended their Plantad
beyond the Limits of that Colony, they agreed upon a Fa
of Government among themfelves, the true and natt
Origin and Ufeof all Government. They enter'd into a j
tary AfTociation to obey the Laws that iliould be madej
proper Pcrfons for the common Good, and chofc Ek
Hopkim^ Efqj their Governorj and in cliis Situation

I Km

»6j6.

I- opkins.

Ejif, G'tvtr
nor of Con-

^he Hi /lory of New-Enf^land.

rcmain'd, as to Conftitution, till John fVinthrop^ Junior, Efqj
obfain'd an ample Charter for them from King Charles II.

This Settlement was fcarcc well fix'cl before George Fen-
viid'i E^<1J was fent to Nav-EngLiml^ on Account of fcveral
Pcrlbns of Quality in the F wit an Intcrcft, who were made fo
uncaly at home, umier the Adminiftration of Archbifhop
laud^ that they rcfolvcd to feek Liberty and Eafc in the Wilds
and Wildernencs of Anuria. The Lord Vifcount Soy and
S^tf/and the Lord Ihooh, two Heads of the Puritan Party,
I held Lands on this River, by Virtue of a Grant from the Karl
of /r<^?rM//V;f , another Puritan, who had a Parent from the
King for all that Part o'^ the Country, evt ending from the
River Narragantfet, 40 Leagues in a ftraight Line, near the
Utii-Sborey towards f^irginia, as all the Continent, South of
\}JeW' England y was then called, as tar as Florida The Earl
IVanvick affign'd his Grant to thofe two Lords Brooke znA
VRoj, Charles Fiennes, Efqj Brother to the Lord Say, Sir Na-
Maniil Rich, of the l^arwick Family, Sir Richard Saltonjfal^
Wchard Knighiley, Efq; Son of Sir Richard Knightley, the
atnous Puritan in Queen EUxaheth^s Reign, John Pyra^
Efq- John Hampden, Efq; Herbert Pelham, Efq; Names
^'ell known among the Lovers and AfTertors of Liberty in
jthofe times of OpprelTion ; and one cannot doubt but thefe
Lords and Gentlemen furnifhed themfelves with this Patent
y Propriety to have a Place of Retreat from the Star-Cham-
hr^ High CommiJJion Courts and all the Illegalities and Hard-
hips, which, not long after, involved the Nation in Civil

Mr. Femuick feated himfclf at the Mouth of the River, saybrook
nd built a Town, which he called Saybrook, in which be 'wisbniit.
[flifted by Mr. ff^nthrcp, Jun. Son of the Governor of the
iajfachufets. But the honourable Gentlemen, for whom
Ir. Fenwick adled, probably finding Matters growing more

I a Head at home, and forcfeeing they fhould be more ufe-
bl there for their Country and their Caufc, gave over the
pgn of /emoving to Neiu-England, and authorized Mr.
hmuick to difpofe of their Lands to the Colony of Conne^i-
k who were the more willing to buy them, becaufe they

jdnootherTitletotheir Plantations without the Limits of the

iajfachufets Patent than what Pofleflion gave them; and truly
[do not fee how a Charter from King Charles gave them a

ptter Title than pofleffing and v planting a Territory, which
no more his than theirs by Inheritance or Purchafe.

[The younger JVinthrop, who had been Affiflant to Mr.

miuiik while he ftaid m New- England, had a Grant of a

piderablc Part of the Lands in the Earl of fFarwid's Pa-

F a tent

1^35.

•. k

imf0

fy ■•*i

JL^rli and
(rfitffftltn
int-uti to rc-
nnve to'
Kew-Eng-
Und,

'ti

TLe Ilijlory of Ncw-Engknd.

tent, and intended to fettle there ; but being unwilling to hin.
dcr ihc new Colony, he made no ufc of it, a furc Sign th«
he came cheaply by it, or that the Difficulties and Kxpciicci
in new Mantatif»ns made the Soil ot very little Valuu.

As to the State of Religion in New- England^ I fluH not
meddle with it, where the Civil Tranfa(5lions are now fo niixd
wtth it that there's no parting them. Dr. Mather and Mr.
Neul have cxhauftcd that Subject in their two large Hi,lo!
iiczoi Ntw- England.

The I lonourable Perfbns juft now mention 'd havin;i, by
their procuring the Patent for Lands, dilcovcr'd their Indi.
nations to quit Old-England and remove to NeWy the Court
began to conceive Umbrage, and take the Alarm at fuch aDc-
fertion ^ cfpccially upon a Report that Sir Mattheuj Bopun
Sir fyilliaf/tCs/i/lahle^ Sir Arthur H(^i/higg, and Oliver Crcm-
tvi'lli Ek]; were adtuJly preparing to embark for Amtrica\
and no doubt ihe Lords and Gentlemen nam'd in the Patent,
were come to the fame Rclblution, till the Tyranny that dn^j
them to if, compell'd them to give it over. To this h.
out comes a Proclamation, as ridiculoufly worded as cv(t wai
State Pnper, that part under the Pens of Bigots^ % re Iraki
the dijordctly Tranfporting his Ma jelly's Subje^Sy that is, ihe
Embarkation of the moft orderly Perfons in the KiiigdomJ
withdrawing from the Rage and Rapine of the moft dili
derly, fuch as the whole Herd of Officers cmploy'd
the Spiritual and Secular Arm, againll the moft: religioi
and peaceable Protclhrs in the Nation; Vv'hich the wifij
Heads that drew the ruclamation term'd Idle and Refra&.
Hunmirs, They might a; aptly havecall'd them Drunken m
InceJlucuSy whofe principal End was to live zuithout the Rati
of Authority ; they were not honeft enough to fay without ti
reach of High Commijjion^ and Spiritual Courts^ which was
truth of the Matter, and therefore falfely aflert, their Defij
was to live without Law, according to their Lufts and Inti
efts. Nay, this was not enough to reftrain the going ofFi
the Puritans : Bifhop Laud and his Brethren procur'd an Or;
to the Lord Treafurer, at that time a B''. ^p Tr take fptti
t*,id effeclual Courfe for ^he Stay of 8 Slvl '''the Rv'

of Thames, preparing to go/or New-En^^ . -j u.j't/or putti
tn Land all the Pajfengers and Provijions therein intendd^
the Voyage.

V7ere our Anceftors fo ftupid as not to concei
w'-'it the Iflue of fuch tyrannical Proceedings would be?
V'ond-'- .(Ot at fhe Stupidity of the Perfccutors, blindi
wifh falfe Zeal, but the more foberPart of the King(
cou J not but be feaQble, ..hat Biihop Laud and his Brcthri

Managemi

.Vfanagcment
ing: They p
ell Divines wt.
nicSf wh-ifrequ,
inhons^ wroni:
oftlie Stuart'
nf^l^c Publick
ration Abroad.
ii^Hhout the App
ihi Rp. of r.om
iHoivevcr fo ma
felvesto Mcw-L
ffnck'd the Bay
Kfq; a nore(< M
" D. V, [v ) \vi
Iht'tj i ondoiy

ciiT' b 'V in
'" '"'.me tin;c tf:
t(^, here was no
ind being inform
miei'/uut Kivt
rertain them
lurchas'd of the
iver and Ncw-Yi.
jated themfelve
luilt Newhaven^
'overnmenr, wer
hmfordy and 5;
W. They alfo
vera! Settlemen
ley fettled. But
^chufct Jurifdidli
'i'lsto their Lai
'hoonlycou'd g
'.tii own, that
fign'd them by
ito t. voi'jnrary A
'Laws and R
what need they
ilefs tliey were
km reft where t
^ ty from them
em their Propei
is Colony were
'ly'd themfelves
•vemor, Tbeopk

nn%^ by
ir Incli.
\e Court
ch alJc.

f r Crm-
/Irnem,
e Pitcnt,
hat (ir we
this Erl
> cvcx wai

bat is,iW
KitigdomJ
loll dil'c:
ploy'd
I religioi
:h the wifi
Refraa
runken m
t the Rm
^wuhouu't
ch was
jeir Defi
and Inti
[oing off
d an On
take jptti
r the'Rv'l
for putt
intendd

conceii
)uldbe?|
Irs, blindj

77je Hiflory of New-England. • 69

Management cou'd not pafs ovci 'a ithouc a Day of Reckon-
ing : They procur'd an Order to the Lord Adir.iral lojiep
gll Divines who did n?t conform to Kpifcopacy (ind Ceremo-
nies ivb") frequently tronfforted thtmf,lvei /i bis Xtajfji/s Plan"
\nmnu wrongfully focallcd, for moftccrr.in it is rh.it not one
of the Stunr/' Kings had N";ivigation. Trade, aiT^ 'Iv Good
of»^c PubHck, fo much at Heart, a^ to hav^ m Rn^J>jh Phn-
tatioii Abroad. NoChr^ymenJljoulJl)/' fuffcred t ''-> Jhood
vj'tlmt the Approbation of the Lords, Jt'th-Bp. Laud, a»id
thi Bp. of r.ondon. J^et the Reader rcmiirk for himfelf.
However fo many Puritans found Means to traniport thcm-»
(iWef^w Ncw-Engf/jid, intheSummcr 1^57, that they 0. ''-•1637.
ftnck'd the Bay: The chief I cadcrs were T/ho^ hilm Eat<."^
[Efq; a noted l\* chant of London^ and Mr. John- Diwrnport^
D. v.!v) as ♦''Tc'd to quit his Church of Coleman-
ijn'^t, iondo'ty and wididraw to fhllandy from whence
'C.itr' b' "'<' in Difguife and took Ship for AV?r-/i«^/cv///, ac
: '"ime tin ;c that Mr. Eaton did. Thcfc Gentlemen find-
, here was not room enough for them at the MnJfachiifdSy
idbeing iiifbrm'd of a large Bay to the South-Weft of
onneNicut River commodious for Trade, and ca[).iblc to
rcrtain them and thofe that were to follow them,
urchas'd of the Natives all the Land that lieb between that
iverand Ncw-To^k^ or Hudfon River. Thither th?y rcmov'd,
ated themfelves in the Bay ovei .gainft /.;«::- i/^'7^;;^, ^"^Mewhave*
uilt Newhaven^ from whence that Colony, Province anu Cohny.
overnmenr, were fo denominated ; as alfo GuiUfrd^ Milford,
tamfordy and Brainfcrd, which I fuppofc fhould bo Brent-
\rd. They alfo went over to Long-Ijhnd^ and made there
veral Settlements, ereding Churches in all Places where
ey fettled. But being without the Limits of the Alaf-
cbufct Jurifdidion, they had no Charter and no other
itis to their Lands than what they had from the Native?,
ho only cou'd give them a juft Title to them ; and 1 mull
eds own, that having an honeft Right to their PoflcfTions
ign'd them by the orig.inal Owners of them, and cntring
tOi>. vol'jnrary AfTociatic; 1, to fupport their Body Politick
' . Laws and Regulations of their own making, I do not
what need they had to trouble themft-ivcs about a Charter,
efs they were afraid that their Perfecutors would not let
em reft where they were ; but as they had taken their Li-
ly from them in O.'d-E'^giand, fo they would take from
em their Property in he-'v. The Men who fettled in
s Colony were generally Londoners and Merchants, who
ly'd themfelves at fi-rft to Trade, after the Example of their e^^^^'^ '^*-
vemor, Tbeo^hilus Eaion, Lfq, who had been an Eaft-Guwr,!.r,^^*

F 3 Country

! J

! ' (■■

Kew Hamp

fhlr." and
Main Go-
fer/fnjen:.

1%e Hi/lory <?/ NewEng-land.

Country Merchanu, and travelling into Denmark, was em-
ploy'd by the King as his Agent at that Court. But the new
Comers met with fo many lofles, eicher as Novices in the
American Trade, or fome unfortunate Accidents, that they
were difcourag'd in their Traffick, and were going to
tranfport themfelves to Maryland^ or Ireland^ where the Par-
Jiament ofFer'd them the City of Gallnvay for their Dwell.
ing, with large Privileges. At laft turning their Induftry
to Huihandry, they thriv'd wonderfully, and thought no more
of removing.

While the South-lVcJ} Parts of Nc:v- England were thus
filling with Inhabitants, the North- Ea/i were not negledled.
The Engiijh very much frequented the Coall for the Benefit I
of fiHiing, and the Furr I'rade, for which ;hat Part of the
Country lay moft handy. This put n)me of them on attempt.
.ing a Settlement between the Rivers Mprrimack and ^agak-
hock^ and it fucceeded fowell in a few Years, that there were|
■ two Counties laid our, New-Hampjhire^ and Main^ and
feveral Towns built, as Dover^ Hampton^ Wells^ Kittery^ &c,
Thcfe Planters and Traders, being fettled without theLimitsI
of the Majpichufet Colony, enter'd into a voluntary Combi-
nation, and form'd themfelves into a Body Politick, after the
manner of ConneSticut Colony. Thus they continued till beingj
wearied out with Feuds and Divifions, they peticion'd the!
General Qownoi i\\Q Majfachufets^ to be brought within theirl
Jurifdi6tion, which was done. But how they came to lofel
the Privilege of choofing their Counfellors as the MaJpichujeiX
do, the naming of them being now in the Crown for A J
Hamp/hircy I know not. It was doubrlefs owing to thefe Divij
(ions and Feuds, the Bane of all Peace and Liberty.

Mention has been made of the Murder of Capt. Stone and
Capt. Norton^ with their Crew, by the Pequot Indians^ whq
plunder'd their Bark, and refus'd or delay'd giving Satisfadtion
Thefe Pequots inhabited the Country now Hartford County]
between the Narragantfets, on the Coafts overgainfl Rhd\
JJland^ and the Maquas^ bordering on New-Tor k^ fartha
within Land. They were a bold, ftubborn People, ani
Sajfacus their Sachem, or King, had fuch a Reputation amonj
the Savages for his Strength and Courage, that they faid he m
a God and cculd not be kiitd: What they meant by a Go
may be as well interpreted a Devil, for they had not thele
Notion of the Purity and Sandity of the Holy Spirit. Tb
Indians had on feveral Occafions fliewn their ill Will to thl
Englijhy in the Majfachufeti and ConneSlicut Settlements,
after Majpi£bh\ Death, the Settlement at PUmouth had fon
times been dlAurb'd by them. The Englifi kept themfelvj

1 -

uat

TJje Hljlory o/* New-England. *^i

ftilluponthe defenfive, rather, Ifliould think, for theAd van-
tage of trading with them, than out of fear of their Pov/er; for
by this Time , there were 3000 Englijh Planters and Heads of 1637
Families in the four Coionie<«, Plimouth, Majfichufet^ ConntSii-
r'^indNewhaven-y and according to the Rule in Political A-
I runmetick, 6 Perfonsto a Faniily,Men, Women, and Children,
and confequently 6 or 7000 Men, of which if 1000 only had
been well arm'd,and difcip]in'd,they would have been enough to
have driven all the Indians, in and bordering on New-Eng-
\l0td, into the Lake of the Iroquois, till the French at ^ebec
arriv'd among them, and united many Eaftern and Nor-
thern /«^/tf« Nations againft the Engli/h. The Pequotshzd ,^
I been at War not only with the Narraganfets, their Indian w^r, ^°^
INeighbours, but with the Dutch, who had then pofTeft and
planted the Country, which is now New-Yorh and thefe Wars
[were the Reafon that they had not given the Englijh more Di-
Ifturbance than they had hitherto done. To prevent a Rupture
labout the Affair of Stone they fent Mefifengers to Mr. fVin-
\ihrop. Governor of the Majfachufets, with Prefents, to defire
Ijiis Friendfliip. The Governor was not very forward to treat
jwith them, but at lall concluded a Peace, on Condition 7hey
huld deliver up the Men that had been guilty of Stone's Death,
Vfbat they Jhould yield up their Right to the Lands bordering on
jnnedicut River, if the Englifli were difpos'd to plant there^
nd that there Jhould be a free Trade between the two Nations,
To this they agreed, and defired the Englijh to conclude a
Peace between them, and the- Narragantjets^ who were in no
^ifpofition to be reconcil'd to them. The Pequots foon
ifterthis, murder'd Mr. Oldham, an Inhabitant of the .M?/- ^'^.^""^^3
}(achujets, going into thofe Parts with a fmall trading Veflel, ham^
penderly mann'd. The Savages obferving this, pickt a
luarrel with him, feii'd his Veflel, and cut off bis Head
vith a Hatchet, at a Place call'd by the Indians Maniffes, by
\& Englijh, Block'IJland, between Long- I/land, and Rhodes
"and, Oldham was a brave Man, and would have made his
party good, if his Men would have ftood by him ; but being
vcrpowered by Numbers, he was forc'd to fubmit to the
)eath they inflided apon him. Before the Englijh had pen-
led their Settlements on Conne£ficut River, they fell upon
nem, kill'd nine Men at Weather sjield^ and took two young
i^omen Prifoners, who had been tortured to Death, if
he Sachem's Wife had not taken a Fancy to them, and beg'd
hem of her Hufband. Upon this Capt. Endicot, Capt. I/«-
hhill, and Capt. Turnery were fenc by the Governor and
ouncil at Bojion^ with 120 Men, {to demand the Mur-
ftrers; but the Indians refufmg to furrender them, and flying

F + to

^^^■

I'Vvj

i,lt.»feti

III

i ;^:r'^

■ 1
1

|v5

P*-

•■ "ft

#••

ne HiJIory of New-England.

to the Woods, the Engli/h^ after deftroying their Corn and
Cottagftj, return'd home.

After they were gone the Savages affaulted Saybrook^ but
without Succefs, tho' there were no more than 20 Men in the
Fort, which was a very forry one. They kill'd feveral of
the People as they were at Woric in the Fields, and exped^ing
to be call'd to a fcvere Account for thefe Outrages, ear.
neftly folicited the Narragantfets to join with them againft
the Englijh^ which thefe Savages obftinately refus'd, not out
of Friendlhip to the Englifl)^ but out of Hatred to the/'^
quou^ on the Score of old Grudges and Injuries. Infteadofl
Quarrelling they leagued with the Engl'ijh ; but either thro'
.Cowardice or Treachery, did them little Service. Dutf/s-
r<7.f, Sachem of the /«<//d« Nation, (their Nations were all |
very fmall, and confided, not generally fpeaking, of above;
or 3000 Souls) was very faithful to the f^g-///?), who indeed |
had in a manner furrounded his Territories.

The Colony oi Connecticut fent out 90 Men, under thel
Command of Capt. John Mafm^ afterwards Deputy Gover-
nor. The Garrilbn of Saybrookj about 20 Men, under!
Capt. Underbill^ join'd Mafon^ and they both were rojoial
the Majjachiifet Forces under the Command of Ifrael ^tmM
ion^ Efq; Capt. Mofon not {laying for the coming up ofthofel
•Forces Ihip'd off his Men, landed them at the Narravanu
fets Port, march'd dircdtly to the chief Sachem's Refidencej
'and acquainted him with the Reafons of his coming wit!
Soldiers, defiring only Paflage thro* his Country, to whiclj
the Sachem yielded, but faid he had too few to cope
the Pequots. In his march he was join'd by 500 Nara2^an{\
Jets ; but no fooner were they coine to the Pequots Frontiers
about 40 or f o Miles from Home, but they were feiz'd wiilj
a Pannick and return'd. Uncas and his Men ftaid with th
EngUJhy declaring they would live and die with them. Thc]
had (o far march'd always in the J/an j but being now ccn
fo near the Enemy, they fell into the Rear, as mod difta
from Danger, The Pequots were retir'd itito two lirong Fortij
one on the River Mijluk^ the other about 8 Miles fartha
in this Sajfacus was in Perfon. The EngUJh furpriz'd thi
firft Fort in the Night,- on Intelligence from an Indian Spj
that the Enemy was afleep. The Huts in the Fort being ma|
of combuftible Matter, thc Engl'ijh foon fet fire to theni
^ifcatldT^"' Many of the Savages were burnt, and thofe that endeavouid
to efcape were kill'd by the Englijh, being fliot as m
climb'd the Pallifadcs, orfallied out at the Gates. NotaboJ
7 or 8 of 4 or 500 Indians that were in the Fort, madeth
Efcape. The EngUJh had but 2 Men kill'd, and about

woundd

Tlx Hiji'ory of New-Engliind.

vfounded. The Narragantfets flood all the while aloof, ^nd

with infinite Pleafure law the Deftrudion of the Pequott^

jkvving their barbarous Joy by dancing, howling, and in-

fultiiig over their late dreaded Enemy. IVequaJh the Indian

Spy was ftruck with i'uch Admiration at this Vidory, that he

turn'd Chriftian upon it, and in Time becanw a Preacher to

l,is Countrymen, who infulted, and at lafl poifoned him. He the Indian

died very religioully, committing his Soul to Chriji^ and hii Cmvert />«/-

]nlj Child to the EngiiHi, wijhing it might know more ofjcfus^'""^'

than lis poor Father had done.

When the Englijh had left this Place Saffacus with 300
|Men fell upon their Rear, which oblig'd them to march in
Iclofe Order, and to retreat fighting for almoft 6 Miles toge-
Ither. The Savages however took Care to keep pretty much
out of the reach of their Bullets ; and when they law them
pafs the narrow Paflage, where they hop'd to get fome Ad-
vantage over them, they retired, and Captain Ma/on and his
Men recurn'd home in Safety.

About a Fortnight after the Mafachufet Forces arriv'd in
^zPequot Harbour, -^nd the Colony oi Conne£licut fent Capt.
hj'r,n with 40 ivien and fome Voluntiers to join them.
hij'acus's Men having mutinied againft him, and abandoned
fer Fort, were difpers'd in fmall Parties, refolving to fhift
Jvery one for himfelf, which made it necellary for the Englijh
[0 Icour the Woods in Parties alfo, to prevent their gather-
^ together in a Body again. Several of the Pequots werekill'd
nd taken Prifoners by the Englijh^ who cut off the Heads of
|ffo Sachems, and gave a third his Life, upon Condition he
hould find out Sajfacus^ and inform them where he was. He
bund him ; but Sajfacus fufpeding his Errand as foon as his
|?as gone fled to the Maquas^ or Mohocks^ one of tiie Indian
tons, whofe King with 4 other Kings or Sachems, were in
Xniland in Queen Annh Reign, ^and I was (hewn the Sachena
(fthe Maqnas., with his Brother Sachems, at the Houfe were
hey were lodg'd in Covent-Garden. He was the moll remark-
ble, becaufe the Maquas or Mohocks were the moft talk'd of
' any of thofe Indian Nations. The EngUJJ) in their Scour
tet with a Body of 80 Indian Men, and 200 Women and
pildren, who flipt into a Swamp, where the Englijh could
ot ealily come at themj but having furrounded it, the Sa-
bges muft have been (hot or ftarv'd to death, had not a
kick Fog given the Men an Opportunity to get off through
he Bullies, which were well known to them, and the
^men furrendered. Several of the Men that got off were af-
^iwards kiird in the Purfuit, and many of them were found
ndin the Woods of the Woi^nds they had received. The

Prifonersi

'^1

1<'

'•!<•• V,

■■ I < -' -.fi'

lit

r.'V

»' ; »

^4 ^^ Uijiory of New-England.

PriToners, about 1 80, were divided, fome to the Conne^icm
Colony, and the reft to Majpuhufeti : The Male Children
Were fent away to Btrmudas^ and the Women and Girls dif.
pers'd up and down in feveral Towns. , Among the Alfa,
clufet Prifoners were the Wife and Children ot an Indian
S«"/!7P*''"C^i Hie was the Woman that fav'd the Lives of the two
an ind.aa We'thersfidd Maids before mcntion'd : Her Countenance and
trhise^u Behaviour were very modeft. Her firil Requcft was, thai
they would not abuje her Body, nor take her Children from hir.
If this Woman was a Barbarian, what are the Wretches thati
ply nightly in our Streets, to abufe and be abus'd ? The i
Miiquas^ at the Requeft of the Ntirramntfets^ cut off the
Head o{ SaJJacus, and his Country became a Province of the
Ertglijh, who appointed the Governor of it, and difpos'd ofl
the Lands as they thought fit. Thefe Lands are the only f
The Psqiiots Property which they enjoy'd in iVriy-^w^/t?^^ wichoat Pur-
ftbjened bj chafe from the Indian Proprietors, and the Pequots being the
t e ai i(h. Aggfeffors in the Rupture, the EngUJh^ who conquered themj
had certainly an inconteltable Right to their Country. It is
thought that near 8 co of them periflied in this fliort War. Thofel
that remain'd alive, at the end of it, fled into dillant Parts, or|
fubmitted themfelves to the Mercy of the Conquerors, who di-
vided them between the Narragantfets and the Mohegm, onl
the Borders of New-Tork, whole Sachem had prov'd a veryl
faithful Ally.
While the military Men of the Colonies were thus fuccefs-i

Ttfer; Ifhil

of one of the

« The Cc

" that they

" Mechanic!

'* made agair

" were forc'(

*' of a Riot ;

" Governor ;

*' procur'd a I

" with a Defij

'*' whereby th(

" Courfe havi

'" but when th

I" made a {hi

Uhrop, yetfu

Faction am

jeants, who/^

iiid down i\

' however, Jik(

' Behaviour at

' up the Hal be

fettled m his 1

of his DifpJea(

" the Pequots w

count, becau

fully employ'd againft the Pequots^ the Peace of the CommonJB' under a Cc
wealth was fliamcfully broken, by certain crackt-brain'd Pre
tenders to Gifts, Graces, and Revelations, &c. Soroecoi
bated in their Preachments and Difputes for the Covenant
fVorksy fome for the Covenant of Grafe,2nd that fo ferventlfi
that the very Being of the Settlements was much more
dangered by it thari by the Pequot War. 'Tis a fhameK
Religion and Reafon, to find fuch a Mixture of Frenzy a
Folly, in the Pradtices of Perfons prpfefling the Chrifti
Faitn, in the Truth and Purity of the Gofpel. One Mi
, Hutchlnfon, who came from Lincoln/hire^ <et up an AlFemblBe Covenant ofl
^X. her Houfe in Bojion, where, very ftrange for an AiremblBd been appoint
of her Sex, flie pray'd, repeated, and explained Sermons to
pumerous Congregation of Females, who infedled their Hui
bands with the Diftemper they caught of her, and the Ii
fedlion fpread over the whole Town and Country. Thofi
who are defirous to enter into the detail of the Famili/iical
Antinomian Controverfies, may have full Satisfadion in
tcclefiaftical Writer^ of the Nnv-England Hiftory, to whoi

ven
isy /ay was at
% run into Er
thefe two Co\
id ihe People's |
eother, isthe;
kalian Theatre.
The two Mini
well as their Fll
2t of the Magif

retd

[ime, without
votions, I belij
fintinu'dand fii
ure in the Wor
y> Cotton^ and
one another inl
ore Healing, xf

the Hi/lory o/" New-England.

refer ; I fliall only give fome Hints of the Fadls, in the Words
I of one of them.

" The Colony of Plimouth was infefted to fuch a Degree,

|« that they ftarv'd away all their old Minifters, and fet up

" Mechanicks in their Room. There was fuch an Interelt

'' made againll the next Election of Magiftrates, that they

" were forc'd to adjourn the Court to New-Town, for feaf

U of a Riot ; the Fadion try'dall Methods to keep their old

|»' Governor p^ane, who was for the Covenant of Grace. They

I'' procur'd a Petition to the Court on the very Day of Eleftion,

j« with a Defign to hinder their Proceedings to anew Choice,

|«' whereby the Time of Elc^ion being pafV, they would of

j« Courfe have i:ept in their Governor Vane another Yearj a Sedition.

I" but when they cou'd not obtain this, and the fober Party

r' made a (hift to carry the Election for General IVin-

V throp, yet fuch was the Influence of the Covenant of Grace Some fir the

V Fadiion among the inferior Ofticers, that the Ser- ^"^"""'^ •/
jeants, whofe Place it is to attend the new Governor,

' liid down their Halberts and would not adt j the Governor
f however, like a wife Man, took no farther Notice of their
r Behaviour at prefent, than to order his own Servants to take
■' up the Halberts and march before him ; but when he was
fettled in his Government, he made them feel the Weight
of his Difpleafure. Nay, the march of the Forces againft
[' the Pequots was retarded by thefe Men upon this very Ac-
count, becaufe the Officers and Soldiers were too much
under a Covenant oflVorks,'* which, without quibbling, we^g„,gf^^ ^^^
pay fay was at that time efpecially their Duty. I may very Covenant •/
fily run into Error here, for I am in a State of Darknefs as'^"'*'*
, thefe two Covenants in the different Explanations of them,
nd the People's going together by the Ears on one fide, and
be other, is the greateft Farce that ever was play'd out of the
hlian Theatre.

The two Minifters ofBoJlon were involved in this Conteft,

^well as their Flocks. Mr, Cotton was on the ftrongefl Side,

at of the Magiftrates; Mr. IVheelwright was on the fide of

|e Covenant of Grace. As a Remedy to this Evil a FaJI

kd been appointed ; and had it been ftridly obferved for fome

[itne, without warming their Blood ftill more by oppofite

wotions, I believe it would have had a better EfFedt; real

[intinu'd and fimple Fafting, being in my Opinion the befl:

are in the World for Difeafes both of Mind ind Body.

|r. Cotton, and Mr. Wheelwright, preach'd diredly contrary

one another in their Faft Sermons. The former's was the

ore Healing. The latter laid that the AkgiJIreus and the Mi-

nijien

-hi

■■<!-■

§■r^■■■ *r|

¥1

■>''! ,

'111 I'l

f t

Jit

^^ Hi/lory of New-England.

j1 New-

n'l/iers too walk* d in fuch a way, as was no better than a Cnit.
nant oflVorks. lam Joth to ule the term Antinomians : It jj
too technical^ or too much Cant, for the Gravity of Hiflory.
But the Reader cannot have a clear Idea of thcfe Things with.
cue it. Thus it appears that Mr. Wlieelvjr'tght was an An\\.
nomian or for the Covenant of Grace \ and his Party wasfoi
let againft Mr. Cotton, that one of them fent him a Prefentof
"a Pound of Candles, bidding his Servant tell him it was becau^i
he wanted Light. At laft a Synod was call'd, a Meeting of
./ni"'f%/.««' ^^^ the Minifters and fome Lay-Deputies ofthefeveral ConJ
*d, gregations or Churches, whofe Bufmefs was'and is ftill to de-

bate and determine the feveral Matters that are brought be-
fore them, and thus to prefentthem to their feveral Churches!
for their Approbation. No Synod is allowed a Power to
pafs Church Cenfures upon Perfons, or put forth any A<^of
Authority, Ji?ri{di<ftion, or Difcipline, but only in order to
declare their Sentiments and give their Advice. Theycou'd
not, nor cannot, make Laws and Decrees which fhall bind
Men, upon Pain of Excommunication and Deprivation. If)
a particular Perfon refufcs to hearken to their Advice^ the laftl
Remedy is to declare they will no longer hold Communion
with him. The Magiftrates have Power to call a Sv-I
. nod, when the publick Welfare of the Country requires it.l
The Magiftrates might be, and were prefent, being allowed!
not only to hear, but to fpeak.
Mr. •vrheei- The Jntinomian Tenet was condemned, as were fcverall
"^Smrnim *'^^^'" £^^0"- Howcvct Mr. pyheelwright ftill preach'd on
Mimjiertbu'^nA Mrs. Huichinfon ftill kept up her Aftembly. TheMaai
t,tihd. ftrates endeavoured to bring Mr. Wheelwright to Reafonhjil
Admonition, yet he continuing obftinate was disfranchiji
baniih'd, and taken into Cuftody of the Marflial till he ce
parted. He remain'd in Baniftiment 7 Years, and then n
urning, renounc'd his Errors, begg'd Pardon, was rellor
to his People, and liv'd 30 or 40 Years afterwards, Minilla
of the Town of Hampton.

Mrs. Hutchinfin appearing before the Magiftrates fell
prophefying againft them, and being excommunicated ai
notorious Uar, was baniftied out of the Jurifdidion ofthi
Maffachufeis. Whether (he told Lies or not I iTiall not inqiiin
but I believe fome of the more Orthodox Writers againi
her did, in affirming ihe was brought to Bed of many moi
ftrous Births, as if (he was deliver'd of a Monfter for evei
erroneous Tenet ftie held, and that her Companion iMi
Dyir, was brought to Bed of fuch an ill (hap'd Thing,
frightn'd and aftonidi'd all the Spedtators. Would not
think that the Heads of thefe People wereturn'd with whirls

The Hiftory of New-Engkrtd.

the Sea Winds, or that they were dreaming- inftead of a-Cling,
las Men walk in their Sleep ? There were fo many c/ thefe \}°^?',
Jntinomians or Covenant of Grace People obljg'd to leave ^/ly An"i-
hc Mqfachufets^thzt they purchas'd the liland JqUetnet, which • omiaiu.
theycaird lihode-IJIand, of theNatives, and the igreeablencfsof
the Place invited over fo many Planters, as foon overftock'd
(helfland, and part of them purchas'd a Trad of Land near
\patuxet River, in PUmouih Colony, in which they built two
jTowns, Providence^ which gave its Name to the River, and
Wiirwic^, for all which they obtained a Charter of King
\charlei the lid ; and to this Day Rhode-IJIand^ with itsAp-
Ipurtenances, iVarwick and Providence^ is a Diftindt Govern-
ment, independent on the other dependent Governments,
Lhether by Charter or Commiflion. The Land is well cul-
]tivated, and Trade well purfu'd : The People are induflrious
jnd thriving, and whatever Spirit is in them, 'tis not that of
Perfecution. The unhappy Mrs. Huuhinfon being turn'd out
pfthe Majfachufet Jurifdidtion, went to Rhode- IJIand^ but the
Ihodiam being probably too full of their own Sentiments, ro
Ueroom for all hers, ihe left them and remoy'd to HebgaU^
lineof the Dutch Plantations on Hudfon^s River, where within
I little while, fhe and her whole P'amily, i(> Perfons, were
nurder'd by the Savages: Which fliewsus, that they did not
fell on the Englijh as llich only, but as Foreigners and Intru-
lers, the Dutch meeting with the like Treatment.

CHAP. II.

\.v^

. (,

< '■. \K ■■■ 'tp

;rom the End of the Pequot War, and the
Founding of the Univerfity^ to the Second '
Indian or King Philip's War.

Containing the (pace of 37 Years.

■A ■,'

'■■"i>

I X or feven Years before the End of the Pequot War, rue Uuivtr-
therewas a Defign to eredl a School, for the Education-^JJ'''^ ^*°**
[Youth in ufefui Learning at New-Tonvn, about 6 Miles y;^,,^^^
Dili Bojkn. The General Court of the Colony, advanc'd
[>ol. towards it, in 1630, but the Sum not being fufficient,
the Indian War, and Differences among themfelves di-
ning them from the farther Confideration of it, that Defign
I flept

f%,^

I ■

rSf

1638.

7fje Hi/lory of New-England.

flept till the Year i^J^S, when the Re/d. Mr. John Hatvari, I
Minifter of Charlec-Towrf^ lately come from England^ depart-
ing this Life, bequeathed almoll 800 1. towards the carryip)
on the Work, tor the Management of which a Committee
was chofen. Encouragement was given it by the other Cclo.
nies, and private Perfons contributed liberally towards it,
The College being built was, in honour of their principal

Harvard Co/. Benefadtor, call'd //.:;r«/dr</ College, which for laYcarsvi;

uie built, only an Academical PVee-Schoolj but in May 1650 itlnttl
a Charter of Incorporation from the Government ofthel
Majfachufet Colony, Thomas Dudlty^ Efqi being then GovttJ
nor: But Ifliall fpeak of this Univerliry more largely hereJ

Cambridge, after. The Town of Neiuion^ was call'd Camhridi^e^ fromj
its being fettled there, which was a coniidcrable Advantagetol
the Place, and encreas'd and enlarg'd it in the Number oil
Houfes and Inhabitants.

By this Time there were by the eyadeft Computo'iuij
4000 Planters come from England, in all the tour Graiiii|
Settlements.

The 4 Cclo The oldeft Plimouth Colony was under the Govcrrimenj
mitis and 4 q^ Will'iam Bradford, Efq;

The Majfachufet Colony was govern'd by John Wmthnfi

Efq; Sen.

• The ConneSlicut Colony by Edward Hopkins, Efq;
The Newhaven Colony by Theopbi/us Eaton, Efq;

Tho' thefc four grand Settlements were fcparate Jurilj
didions, yet they were, like the United Provinces, Con*
The Confide- federated into one League, for the common Good
'^'^' them all. Which Confederacy, after feveral fruitlcfsEflayM

bring it about, was efFedted in the Year 1 643, and they bccairJ
in Fad, as well as Name, the United Colonies. They fornij
and fign'd an Inftrument, declaring. That they all cams k
thofe Parts <?/' America, with thejawe Errand and Aim^ to A
vance the Chrijlian Religion, and enjoy the Liberty of thd
Confciences with Purity and Peace. It was firmly agreed bj
tween the four Settlements, that there fliould yearly be chofa
two Commiflioners out of each, who fhould meet at fitPl/
ces appointed on Purpofe, with full Powers from the Gcnei
Courts in each Colony, to concert and conclude Matters |
general Concernment, as Peace or Wa.r,'or any Thing reli
ing to the Welfare of the Confeda-acy. Thus they
their Polity or Civil Government, and form'd a Conftituti(|
that wou'd have fec^red to them Liberty and Peace, hadth
Head^ been as cle^^ aiui cool as their Hearts were boo
)yh^n \^^ la?ijl?d in Nm-S-f^nd*

Covemon

i^\ ii not bein

lie Htjlory of New-England. 75

In tlic Year 1^40, the Inhabitants ofZy«, in EJfex County,
Ibcing ftreightcn'd for room, went over into Long-IJland^ and L'^nj^lfla"*
having agreed with the Earl ni Stirling's Agents, and the In- ''t't!," ^[l^-X
Uian Proprietors, they began a Settlement at the Weft End
lofit. But the Dttch gave them fomuch Difturbance there, smthimp-
I that they remov'd to the Eaft-End of the Ifland, and built '"'^ *"''''•
Ithc Town oi Southaml>ton^ and by the Advice of the Governor
Lf the Mnjfa^hufets^ eredled themfelves into a Ovil Govern-
Iment, which being now annexed to that of Nnv York^ mud
|be Ipoken of >igain v^hen we come to that Province, wliich
Ithe Dutch firft enter'd upon ^ but not having |.'urchas'd the
iPropriery of Lo/T^-^/rv/?^ of the Natives, as the New-England
Colony did, the latrer had doubtlefs the beft Right to it. As
the Earl of Sterling^ Grant tram King James the Firft, I
lippofe the Lyn People gave little for it. for it cou'd not be
orth much more than the Patcbment on which it v/as writ-
len. I muft confefs I have no great Opinion of any Grants
of a Country that never was heard of before, by the Prince
khat grants it, unlefs he was at the Charge of polTeiTing,
planting, and defending it.

The next Year 1641, Maffajfoh An Indian Sachem, x54i«
lind his Son Novananiy . ne to Plimouthy to confirm the
Dcient League between th^ Englijh and his Indians^ and that
League was extended to a new one, defenfive and oflenfive
etween the two Nations. *Tis obvious that the Colonies of
Hew- England, who were now able to arm 2 or 5000 Men,
vere and wou'd not haveJbeen m the leaft Danger of Expul-
bon by the Savages, unaffifted by the French, but on the
[ontrary, that the Indians might eafily have been extirpated
lythe Englijh,h&d their Confciences and their Intereft fo di-
hd them.

This Year the Rupture between Charles the Firft, and the

vo Houfes of Parliament, began in England, and the

irchbiftiop of Canterbury felt the full Weight of the Par-

ament's Difpl'iafiire, The Revd. Mr. Necl obfcrves,

Certainly never was a Country more oblig'd to a Man,

than NeiV'England was to Archbifliop Laud^ who, by

his arbitrary Proceedings, drove Thoufands of Families

out of the Kingdom, and thereby ftock'd the Plantations

with Inhabitants, in the Compafs of a very few Years j

the Puritans went not to Virginia 01 Maryland, and no

Ither Englijh Colonics were then on the Continent. Thefe

Thoufands of Families confirm the Computation of the

t;^/i/i(> Inhabitants there to be now 240125,000, of which

ne may fuppoic near the third Part to be Men able to bear

fitk)^ it not being Co practicable and profitable for old Men,

Women,

('' i

-^ &-'^

^ M

ne Hi/lory of New-England.

Sprtihfs In
J'arliam/'nt

S^n^dom,

Nnmherof Womcn, and Children, to partake in fuch Adventures, as the
^JtrrT\hir y^""i5» ^rong» and a<Stivc. Inhere were now at the breaking
ivlr. * out of the Civil War in England^ 7 or 8000 Men in Ntv^.
England able to bear Arms. My Computation is pretcy much
conrirmed by Jojpllny in his Treatili; of New-England^ where
he fays there were 21,200 Men, Women, and ChiLccn,
tranfported to New-England. Mr. A'^frv/'sObjedion, that his i
number of Ships, 29 S, cou'dnot carry them, isnotinfallible,it'|
the Ships were of any Burthen, it being but about 70 in a Ship,
and I remember a tranfport of above 150 Paflcnger'--, Men
Women, and Children, to Carolina^ in a Ship of 180 Tons,

Having fpoken fomewhat freely of the Bidiops Coumi
in ihofe Times, I muft in my own Juftification, it there
needs it, add the Senfe of one or two of the grcatefti
Patriots, in that Patriot Parliament. Sir Benjamin Rwlpri 1
whofe Speeches arc feme of the moft valuable Parts o^/RuM
war til's Collections, faid, A great Multitude of the Km''\
8uhje6is Jiriving to hold Communien with us, but/eanv Ij^A
%7ns qui" far we were gone, and fearing how much farther we tvould^d
ting tht ivere forced to Jiy the Land, very many into favageH'^il.iernfjJa^
becaufe the Land wculd not bear them. Do not they I'Ljt canjtl
theft Things cajl d Reproach upon the Governmen ? The Ho- 1
nourablc Mr. Fienncs, Son to the Lord Say, whole Agentl
built here the Town of Saybrooke, before mention'd, faid, A
certain number of Ceremonies, in the Judgment of fome MtA
unlawful, and to be reje£fed of all Churches, in the JuiA
ment of all other Churches, and in the Judgment of our am
Church but indifferent, yet what Dij/trsace, yea, what Z)iJ
firaSiion have Wefe indifferent Ceremonies raised amon^m<\
W^hat has deprived us of fa many Thoufands of Chrijiians^ vih
defired^ and in all other refpetls dejerved to hold Communin
with us ? Lfay, what has deprived us of them, and fcatUni
them unto I know not what Places and Corners of the Wurk
hut thefe indifferent Ceremonies ? The famous Mr. P>w, whofi
Genius and Spirit would have fhin'd in a Roman Senate^
with the Cato*s znd Cicero^s, in his Speech at the Bar of th
Houfe of Lords, when he carry'd up the Impeachment 1
the Archibfliop faid. You have the King's loyal Suhje^s banijhii
out of the Kingdom, not as Elimelecb, lofeek for Bread in jh
reign Countries, by Reafin ofthegre it Scarcity there was in I|
rael, but travelling abroad for the Bread of Life, becaujtm
could not have it at home, by Reafon of the Spiritual faminti
God's Word, caufed by this Man and his Partakers : AA
by this means you have the Indujlry of many Thoufands of I
Majejifs SubjeHs carry'd out of the Land, But left 0!j
jedtions may be made againlt the Sentiments of thefe noU

Oratoii

TZ*^ ////?(7ry o/* New-England. If

P(3fflrs, as being Parllamentariansy we will report the Judg-
niciu oHi) Loyal a Pcribn, that he was excepted out ot all the
Parliament's offers of Pardon to Delinquents^ i mean the Lord
/)/'/')', who complain'd that Alen of the beji Conjiience wen
I ^l-.ln ready to fly into the IVildernefs for Rdigion. Mr. Pym in
liij Speech having mention'd the lofs to the Nation, by the
I ]q1s of the Induftry of fo many ihoufands of People, and the
Famine of the Gofpel by the Banifhment of thofe Preachers,
whom the Lord Dlgby term'd Men of the beft Confcience,
I will after Mr. Dumnur, be more particular in the Proof of
Ithc Nation's loOes, Spiritual and Temporal, J*;; ^^jj;;''

ThePalTageof the PJanters, their Families ?
nd Moveables," S

The Tranfportation of Cattle,

/ think the Price ought not to be rechrCd^ for that
\)i\ Money in the Pockets of thofe thatjhiid at home.

Materials for their firft Cottages, &c.
Arms, Ammunition,, and Artillery,
Provifions of all Kinds.

f-4.:«^i

95,000

12,000.

r.i/ Lo\i to
E <ii,hi\d by

uy People,

18,000.

a2,ooo.

45,000.

192,000

The laft Article alfo put Money in the Pockets of thofe that

laid at home.

Goods for Trade, which the Traders had the Advantage of
America, bat no Returns coming to England, the national
bck was Iclfened.

J We will not now enter into the Difcuflion of the Queftion,
Ihether that Lofs was not more than made up to the Eng/ljhy
1 the Improvement by Trade, in 0/</, as well as New-Eng-
n/, and the other Charges will admit of much Alleviation
I their Confequences, The Lofs to Religion will appear, by

\A Li/i of fuch M'mijiersy who were in Orders in the
Church fl/" England, hut being di/hrb'd by the Ecclefiajii-
tal Courts for Puritanifm, tranfported themftlves to New-
England /or Liberty of Conjcience, and the free Exercife
of their holy Vocation^ before the Tear 16^1 , together with
the Names of the Places where th^ fettled.

'Kevd. il/r. Thomas Allen, at Charles-Town,

ir. John Allen, at Dedhatn.

ir. Avery, at Marblchead.

'^ Adam Blackman, at Stratford,
Mr. Richard Blinman, at Gloc.fier.

v'<'^iv.'

'^1

k%^

' ••■'■il

til 1,

; A : '! ^iP'^i'',

11'*"'^'

8*.

r !ij

A/r.

Ii lai

Mr.

) ' 'Kl

Air.

1 ' T^

Mr.

1 ■'otii

Mr.

1 'HI

Mr.

^H ''H

Mr.

^H ' ■'Wk

Mr.

^H '^!

Mr.

^H f*^

Mr.

^H J'^'

Mr.

, Mr.

■ r ^

Mr.

■

Mr.

., Mr.

'. 1 '

Mr.

1*.

Mr.

Mr.'
Mr.

'|i

. Mr.
Mr.

:"'f{*

Mr.

:]■■}

Mr.

. Mr.

1 '

Air.

' ''W

Mr.

'•J

Mr.
Mr.

Mr.

i it

Mr.

^ Mr.

1 fw<

Mr.

Mr.
' Mr.

Mr.

i M ■.;".

Mr.

; '-fW *'

Mr.

.'I • ^

. , Mr.

m i.' ^^

*l7je Hijlory of New-England.

Brucy, at Brainford.

Kdmund Brown, at Sudbury.

Peter Bulkcly, at Concord,

Jonathan Burr, at Dorche/ler,

Charles Chauncey, at Scituate,

Thomas Cobbcf, at Lynnt,

John Cotton, at Bojion. ' -

Thomas Dal ton, at Hampton.

Richard Denton, at Stamford.

Henry Dunftar, at Cambrldgt,

Samuel Eaton, at Newhavtn,

John Fifh, at Chelmsford.

John Divenport, at Nnvhavtfi,

John Elliot, at Roxbury.

Henry Flint, at Braintrte,

Fordham, at Southampton. /

Green, at Reading.

John Harvard, at CharUs-Toivn,

Francis Higp,in(bn, at Salem.

William Hock, at Newhaven.

Thomas Hooker, at Hertford,

Peter Hobart, at H'wgham,

E|^hr. Huer, at JVindfor,

Hull, at ijle of Shoals;

James, at Charles-Town,

Jones, at Fairfield.

Knighr, at Topsfiald,

Knowles, at IVater-Towfi,

Leverick, at Sandwich,

Lowthrop, at Barnfiahle.

R'lchard Mathci', at Dorchejlir^

Maud, at Dover.

Meverick, at Dorche/ler,

John Mayo, ixBoJlon.

John Millar, at Yarmouth.

Moxon, at Springfield.

Samuel Newman, at Rehoboth, '

Norris, at SaUm.

John Norton, at' Boflon,

James Noyfe, at Newbury. .,

Thomas Parker, at Newbury, '

Ralph Partridge, at Duxbury,

Peck, at Hingham.

Hugh Peters, at Salem.

Thomas Peters, at Saybrook,

George Phillips, at Water^Towu,

Mr.

M'. Philip

yfefr, Tcter Pi

Mr. Reyner,

Mr. Ezek. Ri

Mr. Nath. R,

Mr. Saxton.

Mr. Thortjas [

Mr. Zach. S>

Mr. Skeiton, ;

Mr. RaJj»h Sn

y^r Smith, at

Mr. Samuel S\

Mr. Richard S

^'Jr. WilJiam 1

^^- Waltham,

Mr. Nath. Wj

Mr. John War]

Mr. Weld, at

Mr. Wheelwrig

Mr. Whitfield,

Mr. Samuel Wl

Mr. John Wilfo

Mr Witherel, s

Mr, William W^

Mr. Young, at

[Studiints in Old P.

Mr. Samuel Arnc

Mr^ John BiUop,

, Mr. Edward Buifc

' Mr. Carter, of /

l^'-. >rancisDear

Mr. James Fitch,

Mr. Hunford, of

M/^JohnHiggin

Mr. Hougl), of J,

f^'-. James, of £\

ff-. Roger Newtc

i/r. Thomas Thac

Hf-MnSherma,

ff- ?f"janiin Wo

J ^r. John Sams, '

p»^^JobnBuikely.

fh Uiflory <>/ New-England. 83

M-. Phiif^, at Dedham.

J^r Abraham Picrfon, at Southampton.

Mr. Peter Prudden, at MdJ'nd,

j^Ir. Reyner, at Pli mouth,

Mr. Ezek. Rogers^ at Rowh,

Mr. Nath. Rogers, at Ipfw'uh,

Mr. Saxton. at Scituate.

j/r. Thofiias Shepherd, at Camhridgi,

Mr. Zach. Symmes, at Charles-Town,

Mr. Skelton, at 5. Sal cm.

Mr. Ral|>h Smith, at Plimmtth.

Mr. Smith, at ff^eathersjieid.

Mr. Samuel Stone, at Hertford,

Mr. Richard Street, at Newhaven.

Mr. William Thomplbn, at Braintree^

Mr. Walcham, at Marhlehead.

Mr. Nath. Ward, at Ipfwich:

Mr. John Warham, at tVindJor,

Mr. Weld, at Roxbury.

Mr. Wheelwright, at Salisbury,

Mr. Whitfield, at Guildford.

Mr. Samuel Why ting, at Lynne,

Mr. John Wilfon, at Befton,

Mr. Witherel, at Scituate.

Mr, William Worcefter, at Salhbury, >

Mr. Young, at Southeld.

In all 77

Students in Old Fnglandy who became Minifters in Kew. Studnti in

' Old-l-nr,-

yl/r. Samuel Arnold, of Marflfeld^ yJini'nNtw*

Mr. John Billiop, of Stamford.
Mr. Fxlward Bulkely, of Concord,
Mr. Carter, of IVolurn.
Mr. Francis Dean, of Andover,
Mr. James Fitch, of Norwich..
Mr. Hunford, of Norivalk.
Mr. John Higginfon, of Salem.
j Mr. Hough, of Reading.
j Mr. James, of Eajihampton.
\Mr. Roger Newton, of Mi If or d.

U/r. Thomas Thacher, of 5^o«. 1

\Mr. John Sherman, of IVater-Town.

\Mr. Benjamin Woodbridge, of Newbury^i .;

I iWr. John Sams, ' ''"

|iJ/r. John Bulkely.

G a Not-

i.'f;

■i.^ t

( ; ,

84 The mjlory of New-England.

Notwithftanding that the Englijh Planters in New-England
declared it was their firfl: and principal Defign in coming thi!
ther to propagate the Gofpel, yet as foon as the Puritans pre.
vail'd in the Parliament and the Power of the Kingdom was
ill their Hands, the principal Perfons and Miniilers in New.
England thought fi| to leave the propagation of the Gofpel to
others, and return to England to propagate their own In.
terefts. There was no want of Minifters in Old-England-
thefe Reverend Divines had put their Hand to the Plough in
New^England-y I do not fee any Call they had to leave their
Flocks that had followed them thither, for the fake of larger
Fleeces.

Gentlemen and Minl/lers that return d to England when tk
Parliament had the Power.

Edward Winjlow^ Efq; employ'd by the Parliament.

Edward Hopkins ^ Efqj made CoiTimiffioner of the Admi.
ralty and chofcn Member of Parliament.

Mr. George^ afterwards Sir George Downing^ fent Ambafla-
dor to Holland-^ a Man of no Steadinefs, and but li:t!e
Merit.

Mr. JVilliam Hock, Minifter of Newhaven, he was made]
Minifter of the Savoy ^ and Chaplain to Oliver Cronmll\
He liv'd till the Year 1677, being one of thofe that wai
ejeitcd with the 2 or 3000 Minifters turn'd out of thcii
Livings for Confcience Sake, on Bartholomew Day,
1662.

Mr.- Samuel Mather, Fellow of Harvard College : Hi
went to Ireland with the Lord Henry Cromwell, thei
Lord Deputy, was made Senior Fellow of Trinity (j]\
K'ge, Dublin, and had other Preferments, which he lol
by the Ejeilment in 1662.

Mr. Samuel Eaton, he became Parfon of Duekenfidd
LancaJ})irc, and was driven from thence by the Bark
i/iew A(St.

Mr. John Knozvl's, he was appointed Preacher to the G
thedral Church of Brijiol^ but outed in 1 662.

Mr. Thomas Jlhn, Minifter of St. Edmund's in Noruuk
where havin;; been (ilcnced by Bifliop fVren, for refuli
to read the Book for profaning the Sabbath: He went
New-England, and from thence return'd x.oNomi\
and was filenccd again for refufing his AiTent and Co|

fent, &C. ^„ emnvt^A j

Mr. John JVoodhvidge, he was Chaplain to the ParHaiBcnK/"^°J^^^ ""°^
CommifTioners at the Ille of Wight Treaty, and MiiBin ^^ ^^ ' .

pe were jo To

fter of
all by tl
Mr. Benja.
College,
Dr. Tw
Jain to i
be a Pre;
him to
Living, J
after.
Mr. Robert .
Mr, Blinma\
Mr. Saxton.
Mr. Giles /
turned out
Mr. Henry h
Mr. Henry ,
here, and
. in Somerfei
away by ti
Mr. Farmvori
and unben
Mr. Hugh />.
Oliver Crc
very pragm
ac ail cone
bad his Life
Promifes in
that Were,
quartered ^ a
bim, bely'd
had a Whor«
falfer; for th(
times chearf
Daughter, of
and to hang
cedent that,
fliould have :
^ew-England '
ginning of the
'le it Jafted, anc
'n, and would h:

ngland^
;ingthi.
ms pre.
iom was
n New-
lofpel to
own In.
lngland\
ough in
ave their I
of larger I

when tk\

ent.

he Admi-I

: Ambafla-
ibut littlel

• was madel
r CronmWX
pfe that waa
out of tbcin
nnew Day]

^he Hifiory of New-England.

■M ■ ■V.'»L

tka

liege :

trinity Co
ich he loil

ickenjielh

to the '

|in iVarK/'icI

I for refuliij

I He wtntl

|to Nom\

It and Col

IParliamcnj
and Mif

fter of Burford St. Nicolas^ in Wiltjhire^ but outed of
all by the Vnlformity Aa.
Mr. Benjamin Woodbiidge^ the firft Graduate of Harvard*
College, returning to England^ fucceeded the famous
Dr. Twijfe at Neifjberry. He was alfo made Chap-
lain to King Charles II. when that King pretended to
be a Presbyterian himfelf, and that Party was reitoring
him to the Throne. He loft his Chaplainlhip, his
Living, and his Liberty of Confcicnce about two Years
after.
Mr. Robert Peck.
Mr. Blinman,
Mr. Saxton.
Mr. Giles Firmin became Minifter of Shutford in Ejfex-^

turned out by the Bartholomew Afl.
Mr. Henry TVbitfield.

Mr. Henry Butler^ M.A. He taught Untverfity Learning

here, and returning to England^ was benefic'd at Teovill

. in Somer/etjhire, where he continued till he was driven

away by the Bartholomew Ad:.
Mr. Farnivorth coming back to Old England^ was benefic'd

and unbenefic'd, as were the others.
Mr. Hugh Peters, Minifter at Salem ; he was Chaplain to
Oliver Cromwell, and a great Medler in State Affairs,
very pragmatical and impertinent ; and the' he was not
at all concern'd in the King's Death, and muft have
had his Life faved, if King Charles II. had regarded the
Promifes in his Declaration, to pardon all but thofe
that were, yet poor Mr. Peters was hang'd, drawn and
quarter'd j and what was almoft as bad as the murdering
him, bely'd by an Ecclefiaftical Hiftorian, who faid he
had a Whore and died drunk, than which nothing can be
falfer; for tho' Mr. Peters would be whimficaljand fome-
times chearful, he would not be drunk nor lewd, if his
Daughter, of whom I had my Information, fpeaks Truth ;
and to hang him for his Impertinence only, was a Pre-
cedent that, for their own fake, thofe then at the Helm
fliould have avoided.
\NcwEngland was in a very flouriihing Condition at the i6;2.
[ginning of the Civil War in England^ and fb continued ^"''/''«'^'^^-
Jile it lafted, and after the Conclufion of it to the l^^iiorsL-'^f ^1"^'^'"*
in, and would have flourifti'd on, had their Liberty, which Eniibnd.
W enjoyed under the Parliament and Cromwell, been fe-
ted to them ; but every thing of that kind was precarious
km the Reftoration to the Revolution. In the Year 1642
p were 50 Towns and Villages planted, 4.0 Churches

C 3 ereacd.

' ':<" tS

-NK

,f.H

H '.■■ I'll

I. ..(.'/

I iVr ■

; El
- f I

rii^

■fi

. fc

Martha' J

I'iiry.ini

fianttd-

^■je Hiflory of New-England.

creeled, more than 4.0 Miniftf;rs Hoqfes, a Caftle, Prifons

Forts, Cartways, (Juufv/ays, bV. all at the People's owa

Charge. The Planters had built thcmfelvcs comfortable

Houles ; they had Gardens, Orchards, Corn-Fields, Mej,

dow and Pafturc Ground, fenced in with Hedges as in

England. The Merchants had commodious Houfes and

Ware-houfes, Ports, Wharfs, Ships, Boats and Seamen- the

Tradefmen Shops and Work-houfes, and thqre was every

where a Face of Bufmefs. The Planters applied themfelves

to Husbandry, fowing of Corn, feeding of Cattle ; and the

Trade of the Merchants, in Flower, Bread, Beef and Fiili

was very confiderable; efpecially the latter, as to which we

read, tiut, when a zealous Miniiler faid in his Sermon, in

the Infancy of the Settlement at Plimouth, It behoves us tn

approve ourfehcs a religious People^ by endeavouring to pnpa.

gate the Gcfpcl, or ctherwife we fl)all contradict the main Eni

of our cotniiig hither^ one of the Congregation cried out, 5;V

you arc wijlaken^ our main End was to catch F(Jh. And truly

I think the Man was in the right j for unlefs the Chrl/Han

Religion was like Mahomet's,^ to be propagated by Arms

or by Miracles, as at the preaching it, 1 cannot fee any

Duty incumbent on private Perfons to abandon their native

Country, their Affairs, even their Prcvifions for Life, to en-]

deavourto make Savages, in the firft Place, think at all, and!

then to think like thcmfelves. As Chrijlianity civilizes all]

that undcrlland and profefs it, and is the flrongefl: Band ol

Society and Peace, 'lis certainly a great Blelling to inculcati

and fpread it ; but does not feem to me to have been the Bull.

nefs of thofe that came to plant Corn and filh for Codii

Neiu En^lland. The New-England Traders had all aloiij

fliipc off great Quantities of Firti for Portugal and ihi

Streighcs, and fome home for En^land^ Scotland and h

land. They fent Bread and Beef to the Sugar-Kkmds, Gi

and Lumber to England and other Places, where they had

Aiarker. They built Siiips for thcmfelves and others, ani

ir.et with few LofTes at Sea.

About this time Thomas MayhciVy Efq; took out a Pate:
for the lil.ipd called Martha's Vineyard, next to Rly.k
Illand, ami two little Illes near it, Nantucket and Ehakw
He fettled hi'i Son in the former, with a fmall Number
Planters j ana he pjving hirofelf up to Study and Dcvotioi
had a Itrong Impulfe in his Mind to convert the Indm
the more feafible Scheme, for that the Country was
Facher's, aftd the People were in a manner to be his o'
or fo dependent on him, that they muft be the willinger
hear his Cyuni'ds, as well as receive his Commands.

prciclil

^e HiJIory of New-England.

preachod to them, and many of them profefled Chtjitanity,
yir.Mayhetv the Son, being fliipwreck'd and drown'dnot long
afrer, Mr. Mayhew the Father wei thither; and rho' he
\vas no Minifter, he carried on the Work of Converfion a-
mong the Indians fuccelsfully ; fo alfo did his Grandfon,
^ha w^s a Minifter, as will be feen in the Sequel.

In the mean time the Indian Sachems, according to Q\x^-^^''rbetwfen
torn, quarrel'd among themfelves, Miantonirno, King of the ^,1!;^ u,.c!ir '
h'mragantfetSf hired an Affaflin to murder Vncas, King of Indian
the ;W<?^w<?;j, or rather, of a Nation between the Narra-Kl"^^'
j ^sntfets and Maquois'^ for if he is the Uncas before ipoken of,
jhis Nation was not fo powerful as the Maquois^ or Mohocks
|\vere. The Aflaflin failing in his Attempt, Aliantonlmo cut
olF his Head, and declared War againft UncaSy upon a pri-
vate Difguft. Uncas took the Field with all the Forces he
could mufter, not half the Number o( Miantonimo''s:^ how-
J ever he got the better of him, took him Prifoner, and flruck
oiFhis Head. The Narragantfets^ enraged at the Death of
their King, refolved to pufli on the War, till they had de-
ftroyed Uncas and all his Nation. Uncas fled to the Eng-
bi^who promifed effedlually to fupport him; which tlie
Warrogantfets hearing, immediately laid down their Arms,,
land begg'd Peace, which was granted ihcm by the Govern-
Imenc at BoJIon^ on Condition of their defraying the Charge
of the War, and delivering up the Sons of their new King as
[HoHagcs for their fo doing. This they promifed ; but ne-
glecting to perform it, Capt. j^thertony with a fmall Party, en- c^pt. Atheiw
jter'dnot only their Country, but the very TVigwan^ or 'P^''^j'/''V'l'"
|ace of their Sachem Niniget, whom he took by the Hair of Nana^anc-
lis Head, and clapping a Piftol to his Bread, faid he wasair«:ts.
Idead Man, if he did not immediately deliver up the Hoftages
tnd pay the Money, which was done, not one of the King's
Servants and Guards, as the Hiftorian terms them, daring
10 lift up a Hand in their Monarch's Defence. By this
Incident, we fee how the Strength of the Indians was
Uken in 20 Years time. We read of the Narragantfets
IS a formidable People, when the EngHjJ) firft fettled at Pli-
nmth, and now they are fo impotent and tame, that a Mi-
|tia Captain, with three or four Files of Musketeers, takes
heir King by the Beard in his own Houfe, tho' furrounded
|y his Attendants. This confirms me in an Opinion, thac
\ Indians , who daily prove weaker by the Small Pok,
flague and War, would not have fallen out with the Engujhy
Vho daily grow ilronger by multiplying and recruiting, had
lot the French fct them on, and encouraged them with
jopes of AlTiftance. The Indians having been chus out-

G 4 raged

t V' IB

■0m
. ^ ,11

,F1>

■X.

:•.%

I-

'< f.

f'M

i '.#

1643.

3644.

Jftltticrr

Tbe Hi/lory o/" New-England.

raged by the En^lijh^ the latter thought it necelTary to unitj
all the tour Colonies into one Confederacy and Body Politick
ar. is before related. The Inflrument of this Union bears thi!
Title. •

Articles o/Confederatlon, between the Plantations under thi
Government of the Maflachufets, the Plantations undir
the Goveimment of Plimouth, the Plantations under tht
Government of Connedicut^ and the Government ofl^cw.
haven, with the Plantations in Combination therennh^
dared the 7th of September, i()43.

From this time we are to look upon all thcfe four Colo i
nies as one Body, under the Name of New-England, with re-
gard to all the publick Tranfadlions with their Nei^^hbourj
tho' the private AfFiirs of each Province were Hill managed
by Magiibates and Courts of their own.

The Town of Plimouth being overflock'd with Inhabiranti
and the Land thereabouts hardly worth manuring, fotncof
the Principal of them took a View of a Tradt near Cape
Cod, call'd, by tlie Indians, Namfct. This Soil was rich,
and the Situation pleafant. This they purcl'aled of theJNV
tives, and removing thither with their beft Efre(fls, they I
built the Town of Enjlham, now in Barn/lable County. I

It is far from being a laudable Difpofition in the Engltjl I
but it is a natural one, that when they have Peace with everJ
one ellc, they fall out among thcmfelves. Thofe that werej
now in New- E norland were in no Danger of any Difturbancel
from the Savages. Indeed they could eafily have cleared thel
Country of all the Indians, from the Sea to the Maquoh^ orl
Mohocks, on the Frontiers of Nw-Tork ; but the Savages!
were fervlceable to them in Trade, and might have bed
in Tillage and Labour, had they not been an indolent laij|
fort of People. The inhabitants of Hingham^ in Suffolk CounJ
ty, quafrelling about the Elecftion of their chief Military Of]
ficei, committed a Riot. Mr. IVinthrop, Deputy -GGverno|
of the MaJJachufcts, going thither, obliged the Rioters td
give Bond to appear at the Quarter Sellions, and, on theij
Refulal, committed them to Prifon, for Words fpoken rej
fleding on the General Court, as encroaching on the Liberj
ties of Illngham. The Majority of the Tov/n refented tb
Imprifonmenr of their Neighbours, and petitioned the Genej
ral Court for a free Hearing and Liberty of Speech, and con
plain'd of feveral Grievances. This Petition was iigned byl

Robert Child,
Thomas Fowle,
Samuel Mavmck^
Thcmas Barlciv^

David Tale^
fohn Smith,
John Dund,

ne Hijlory of New-England. 89

gix of thefe feven Petitioners being cited before the p?urt,
I appealed to the Parliament of £«|^/fl«^, and tender'd fuffici-
ent Security to abide by their Sentence; but this Courr,
like many others, thought they might determine the Affair
ihemfelves, and having the Power to Tee their Determination
Lade good, adjudged the Offenders to be imprifon'd and fin'd.
However, as the Petitioners infifted chiefly on Mr. fVinthrop^s
proceeding arbitrarily, in imprifoning the Men of Hinghatn
for refufinp to fign his Bond, the Court, to throw that
Icharge off from themfelves, order'd Mr. ff'inthr op, at that
Itime Deputy-Governor of the Province, to make his De- ^r. Win-
Ifence before a vaft Concourfe of People. Mr. mnthrop firft %°l\y!a,,
pleaded his Commiffion, and ihewcd them how unreafonable vtruur,piead»
lit was for them to call a Governor to Account daring the ^'^.^^''^' /"
lime of his Adminiftration j but the Court not thinking as he ^, IhT'^r*
did, the Deputy-Governor came down from the Bench,
jind, like a Counfcl at the Bar, pleaded his Caufe fo well, that
It raifed the Indignation of the General Court againft the H^ng^
\m Petitioners, whom they feverely fined, having acquicted
Mr. U^inthrop^ who refuming his Seat on the Bench, made
he following memorable Speech.

Gentlemen,

jyiU not look back to the pajl Proceedings of this Courts mr u's Spetth
to the Perfons therein concern' d : 1 am fatisjied that 1 was'*Pf^ hit Ac
fiblickly accu/ed, and that I am now public k/y acquitted; but ^"'j^^lf.
\m me leave to fay fomething on this Occajion^ that may re6lify
k Opinion of the People^ from whom thefe Dijiempers of the
\late have arifen. The ^e/iions that have troubled the Coun-
U tf late, have been about the Authority of the Magifirate^
nd the Liberty of the People. Magijiracy is certainly an Ap^
\k\mtnt of God^ and I intreat you to confider that you chofe
hmfrom among yourfehes, and that they are Men, fubjeii to
like PaJJions with yourfelves. IVe take an Oath to govern
Lu according to God's Laws and our own, to the befi of our
M; if lue commit Errors, not willingly, but for want of
killj you ought to bear with us ; nor would I havt you mifiakg
\iir own Liberty. There is a Liberty in doing what we li/i^
ithout Regard to Law or fufiice : This Liberty is indeed
\cmfiftent with Authority, bu-i civil, moral, federal Liberty
fijljls in every one's enjoying his Property, and having
\t Benefit of the Laws of his Country ; this is what you ought
\mtendfor, with the Hazard of your Lives ; but this is very
Inft/lent with a due SubjeSlion to the Civil Magi/irate^
\d the paying him that Refpe£i that his CharaJler in the
immon requires^
' Thi.

^=«

. *l'

Hl?r f'- h

Coiiver(rJ to
Cniiil.aiuty

Mr. Elliot
the yfr,/?Je

T^Ji' Hi/lcry of New-Eiigland.

This rational Dircourfe gave great Satisfaftion to thege.
neral: Court, and all that hoard it, the Party of the Pctiiiuaers
only excepted i and Mr. JVinthro*^ became fo popular atler it
that he was yearly cholen Governor of the Province as I
long as he lived j but the Hmgham Men deputed Dr. Chm
and Mr. Foivle^ two of thofe that fign'd their Petition, to carry
their Complaint to the Parliament of /j'«o'//?W,who would not
be at Lcifiire to enter into the Merits of the Caufe, of which
they had, doubtlcfs, a fatisfadory Account from Mr. /;';„. |
ihrop's Friends.

I leave the New-England Church Hiftory as Dr. Mather\
and M\-'. Nfdl have left it; yet I cannot omit fomc general
Notices of things, not wholly do;5:rinal or fpeculative, but
hiRorical, fuch as the Converiion of the Indians to tlie|
Chr'iftian Religion. FJints have been given of a few /«.
,dians that feemcd well inc ined to it, but knew not eiiouglij
of it to make full Confclfion of. The firft Englifh Miiiilterj
that fet himfelf a-part to preach tl. : Gofpel to the SavuiA
was the Reverend Mr. John ElUat^ who is ftiled the AitoM
of the Indians. He was educated at Cambridge^ and airilledl
Air. Hooker in his School at Little Baden in Effex.^ as is al-f
ready men:ioned. He preached, at his firft coming hither,
at Bojion^ and was foon after the dated Miniller of Roxhu.r\
about a Mile from that City, where Iw continued in th|
JExercife of his Paftoral Office almoft 60 Years. He wajj
good Scholar, efpecially in the learned Languages, remarkabld
for Charity and Dilintereftednefs^ the fitter Per fon to preach ta
the Natives, who liad little or nothing to give him, and werJ
as rude and ignorant, when he firft went to them, as Crea]
fures could be with human Underttanding. To qualify hii3
for the Work he was going about, Mr. Elliot learnt tlie>J
d'an Language, as barbarous as can come out of the iMouilf
of Man, as will be {^^vi by thefe Inftancqs.

Kummatchekodtimtamoonganunnonajh^ is, in Engli/I)^ QA
L'r:s:, a Word that the Reverend Mr. Elliot m\i^ often havl
Occalion to make ufc of. As long as it is, we meet wit^
ftill.

Kunimjgkodonattcottummoooctiteaongannunnona/h^ Our Qud
11 ion.

. Ganntimr.naflj feems to be Our^ becaufe we find it intlj
End of tlic firft Word, as well as the fecond, and the
ginriiMj; of both different j and this appears again in anodij
-Wcrvi.

Kjojucmantammocyiikanunnmslhy Our Loves.

a ;on2;cr

T'he Hijlory o/' New- England.

Thus it fe^ms Kanunnonajh is Our^ and Noowomantammwon
lis Loves. The longeft of thefe Ind'un Words is to be niea-
Ifured by the Inch, and reaches to near half a Foot j and if
h,\x, Elliot did put as many of thefe Words in a Sermon of
his as Mr. Peters put Englijh Words in one of his Sermons,
levcry one of them muft have made a frzable B A, and have
Itaketiup three or four Hours in Utterance. Mr. Elliot made
Lpfelf acquainted with this fine Language by the help of an
\lndian Servant, and, when he had maller'd it, he reduced ic
|to a Method, which he publifli'd under the Title of the In-
iian Grammar. He began his MilTion in O^ober 1646, 1646*
Accompanied with three more Perfons, having beforehand
liven the Indians^ whom he intended to vifir. Notice ot his
toming, and his Purpofe. IFaubon^ a g'-ave Indian^ no Sa-
jchcm, with 5 or (J of his Countrymen, met them, and bid
(hem welcome, which promifed well, fince they knew their
;,rand. VVaubon conducted the EngliJIi into a large fVigivam,
iiiian Houfes fo called, where a great Number of the Na-
lives were gathered together on this Occafion.
Mr. Elliot began his Lecture with Prayer : " He then re- ^f*- Eii-ot'i
hearfed and explained the Ten Commandments, and '^^-^[fthl'sj^
form'd them of the dreadful Curfe of God, that would fall vagat.
upon all thofe that br^'ce them. He talked to them of
JefuSi of his Birth, Death and Afcenlion into Heaven,
ifrorn whence he would one Day come to judge the
World in flaming Fire. He informed them of the blefled
State of all thofe that believed in Chrift, and lived accord-
ing to his Rule. He fpoke alfo of the Creation, and the
Fall of Man, of the infinite Greatnefs of God, of the Joys
of Heaven, and the Torments of Hell; doling all with
perfuading them to Repentance and a good Life.
When Mr. Elliot had finifli'd his Difcourfe, he defired the
Uiam to ask him any Qurftions they thought fit concerning
k Points he had touched upon, ooe of them flood up,
jid laid, Howjhall I come to know Chrijl ?. Another enquired, ii.dian
mther Englifhmen were ever as ignorant o/'Jefus Chrift as^""''^'"^'^
Lfdvcs ? A third, mjether Chrijf could underjland Prayers r',/^1!^'"*
\ the Indian Language ? Another propofed this Queftion,
^w there could he an Image ofGod^ fmcc it was forbidden in
\e Second Commandment i' This probably arofe from Mr.
\llkh faying Man was created after God's own Image. X^ere
Simplicity in this, but more Refledtion than would be
lund in many of our Peafants under a like Lcdture. An-
jher asked. If the Father he naughty and the Child good^ will
V be offended ivith that Child? Becaufe^ in the Second Com^
Vndwnt^ it is faid^ he vifits the hiciuitics of the Fathers upcn

'^e

'Ifi

• ti

Incfiin

77je Hip.ory ^ New-Engliind.

tbt Children. Another was, Hnv all the JP'orld became f4
of People, if they were all once drowned in the Flood ? ij^
Elliot gave plain and I'amiliar Anfwers to all thcfe Queftionj
and, atter a Conference of about tiircc Hours, returned'!
home. As I take this Difcourfc to be a Specimen of his ty.
lure Condudl towards the unconverted Indians, I Ihallentetl
no farther into it, the Eccleliaftical Writers having treated |
fo largely of it. He fucceeded fo \/cll in his good Work
that in a fhort time feveral hundred Indians embraced the
ChrijUiin Religion, and their Children were catechifed, iiv.|
ftruded and bred up in it.

To draw them off from their wild way of living, the Ge-
neral Court order'd Lands to be fct out to build a Townl
upon, for iuch as were willing to come into civil Society,!
which was thankfully accepted of. The Ground mark'd oj: I
A'lr. Elliot advifed them to fence in with Ditches and \
Stone Wall. He fupply'd them with Shovels, Spadcf^ Mat.
tocks and Cranes of Iron for this Purpofe ; he aUb gave Mo.
ney to thofe that work'd hardeft, by which means thcTowul
was Coon built and inclofed,ii:hc meaneft fp^igwamso: Houfesl
in ic, were equal to thofe of the Sachems in other Places]
They called the Town Nomatomen, or Rejoicing. I obfervel
that the Language is made up pretty much of ten, tan, t:rA
mun^ tier, mven, nun, ajh, oa^, eck, J})a^ majh. The Lawjl
thz(QChri/lian In Hans agreed to, arc the Effed of goodna.|
tural Scnfc, and calculated for their Benefit and Peace.

.,:r.>-

iv 1

TMirLui'xs. 1. If any Alan be idle a JVeekj or at mojl a FortnigU^ U
Jhall pay FiveShillif.-g!.

z. If any unmarry'd Man Jhall lie with a IFoman unman ja
he Jhall pay Twenty Shillings,

9. If any Man JJjall beat his Wife, his Hands Jhall kiA
behind him, and he jhall be carried to thePlaceofJuJiice, uA
fever ely punij})ed.

4. Every young Man, if not another's Servant, and ifwil
married, Jhall be compelled to fct up a Wigwam, and plant M
bimfelf, and mtjhift up and d'jwn in other fFigwams.

5. If any IVoman Jhall not have her Hair tied up, hut k\
loofe, or be cut as Man's Hair, Jhc Jhall pay Five Slnllin^i.

6. If any IVoman Jhall go with naked Breajls, JJje Jhall ^a^
Five Shillings.

7. ylil Men th^t Jhall wear long Locks, Jhall pay Fk
Shillings.

B ■ '^'

77ri.-if?:pns We fee, by thefe Regulations, that nothing is more inju^en, Women an
f."; :''„".'' rious to the Weiiare ot So-.iety than Idleofl--, Saunrr

5 Win:i

Lam*

7?je Hiflory of New-England. ^^

|\\''anronners and Vanity. The Chrl/ilttns^ Men and Women,
Lm became induftrious, as well as civil; the Mcnlabouretl
Ijiiche Fields and Fiflicry, the Women learnt to fpin, and |^cc
llbmething to carry and lell at Marker, as Brooms^ Stnvcsy haj-
\i\i Tur/iiii ; in the Spring, Cranberries^ Fijhj Strawberries ;
lin the Summer, Hurth berries^ Grapes, Fijh ; fevcral of thena
Iwork'd with the EigHJ})'m Hay-time and Harveft; but they
vere not fo capable of hard Liibour as thofe who have beea
bred to ir.

The Indians about Concord^ obferving how their Neigh-
bours were improved by their new Religion, defired Mr.
lUiot to come and inftrud the.ti, and addreffed the Govern-
nent for a Spot of Ground, either by the Side of the Bear-
twmpi or to the Eaft of Mr. Flint^s Pond, to build them a
Town ; and feveral of their Sachems and principal Men,
neeiing at Concord, agreed upon the following Laws fo? their
nvil and religious Government.

Ihere JImll be no more Powawing, upon Penalty of Twenty AfovChri-

Pitwawinv was the Conjurings of their Priefts. An excel-
|fnt Law this ; foi thefe Powa wings were the vileft of all Jm-
[ilitions on Mens Reafon. *

JVbfoever Jhali be drunk, jhall for fait Tiventy ShiUings.
If any be convi£ied of Thefty he fljall rejiore Four fold.
Whofoever profanes the Sabbath, /hall pay Twenty ShiUing^,
JVhofoeverJhall commit Fornication, JJjall pay Twenty Shillings
^(i Man, Ten Shillings if a IVoman.
Murder and Adultery, Death.
Kone to beat their fVives, on Penalty of Twenty Shillings.

The/ rcfolvcd to lay afule their oW Cuftoms of howling,
baling their Bodies, adorning their Hair, and to follow the
yifjh Fartiions.

They agreed to pray in their Wigwams, and to fay Grace
tfore and after Meat. Let any one that eats at our grand
fables, and fojourns in great Families, obferve who are the
pft Chtijiians, the Englijh or the Indians, in thefe Articles.
\0&^i. IVillard, of Concord, was chofen by them to fee
lele and other fuch Orders duly executed. Mr. JViifon^
jliniltcr of Bojion, Mr. Dunfier, Minifter of Cambridge j
\t. Aiht, Minifter of Charles-Town, Mr. Shepherd, Mini-
tr oi Cambridge, :ind feverzl Other Englijh, vfent to Noon/la-
in, the new Indian Town, to confirm and encourage the
Converts^ who had had Clothes diftributed among them,
|eii, Women and Children, and the greatell Part of them

came

94 ^^^ HlJlQry of New-England.

came to hear Prayer and Sermon handfomly drefs'd, after the!
EngUlh Manner, almoft loo Years ago, which maker, one
Jhnagine, that the Indians in New- England^ perhaps not only
on ilie Frontiers, but farther within the Land, have, by \\A
time, very much forfaken their old Habit and HahitSj and
are fallen into the ways of the Europeans^ which will much!
fliorten our Work in thefe Articles.

Mo(t of the Indian Sachems, Segamores and Pmaii^A
were alarmed at the Progrefs of Chri/iianity. The PrincA
fays the reverend HiftoriafJ, was jealous of his PrerogativA
end the Priejl of his Gain. The Sachems were fo afraid thai
the £«^/.yl6 Government would ifluc out Orders for themtol
pray in their IVigwams, that Uricas, before-mentioned, camel
to the General Court of Conne£ticut at Hertford^ and formal J
protefted againft it. Curfhamoquin another Sachem^ pro;cftei
Tnf^^fhl- *S*'"^ ^^^^ building; any town by the Chrijiian Imham^ J
ftntheirPy \cry frankly told Mr. Elliot the Reafon of it. T^'^i? Indian
mentstotke ^f,o pray to God, iaid he, do nor pay me Tribute^ as fonntrh-
^'^'*- which was in part true, and the Reafon for their paying ii
cealing, the Payuient (hould confequently have ceafed. TiiJ
Chrijiian Indians had withdrawn ihemfelves from their Au
thority and Protedion, and put themfclves under the £ J
lift). However, Cutjhamoquin^ a happy Name for an InM
King, did not (peak the whole Truth ; for the Chti/tinn /»]
dians Within his Territory had paid him very handfotr.ly.
am the more willing to be particular in it, becaufe it ihe?
the Grandeur and Riches of thefe Indian Monarchs. ' HJ
c implained to Mr. Elliot, that his Subjedls of the Chri/tk
Religion gave him no more than they thought reafonablel
whereas, bt'fore they turned Chrifiians^ he was abfolute m
fter of their Lives and Fortunes. The new Converts aJ
fwered, that they left it to Mr. Elliot to judge between thej
King and them. IVe gave him, faid they, at one time, \
Buflieb of Corn, and at another time, 6 Bujhels more ■ m fa
hunting Days we kili-d him 15 Deer, we brok,e up two k{
of Land for him ; we made him a great If^igwam, and 20 j
of Fence, with a Ditch and Rails about it; we paid a D\
for him of Three Pounds ten Shillings, and one of us gavil.
a Beaver-skin of Two Pounds ; we gave him many Days WnA
in planting Corn all together. They added, IVe would ml
ingly do more, if he would govern us jujily by the IFom
God. Cutfham'^qHin took in great Dudgeon that his Peoj*
(hould dare to talk fo to him and of him, turned his Back(
the Company, and went off in a Rage; but, not long!
ter, turn'd Chrijiian himfelf. And, notwithlhnding i|
Oppofition the Chrijiian Religion met with from the Savagn

tare them'
/fives.

The Hifton o/'New-England, 95

bii/vw^ and Powawfy Kings and Priefts, it obtain'd atnorfnf
Lgjsfatives to a great Degree. The Praying India ns^ as the
Inevv Converts were term'd by way oH Diftindtion, combined
Lether in a Body, artd builc a Town by Charles-River^ in ^^^ ^"'W
[he midft of the MajfaLhufets^ to which they gave the Name]^^;|5^'-^'j»
n{}satid: It conlills of three long Streets, two on one v»mn.
Iideof the River, and one on the other, with f loufe-cots to
very Familv. The«s is one large Houfe built after the Eng- ^y^^,'*T.
L manner, the lower Room is a large Hall, which (crvesXfyibed,
nfteid of a Church for religious Exercifes on Sundays, and for
iSchool-houfe in Week-days. There's a large Cariopy of
llatts railed upon Poles for the Preacher, and thofe that
totnc with him, and other fort of Canopies for themfelves to
It under, the Men and Women being placed a-part, wliich
(jced is fometimes done in other Places, nc much to the
[ood Liking of either. The Upper Room is a kind of S:ore-
loufe for Skins and other valuable Wares j and in a Corner
(f this Room Mr. E/iiot had an Apartment partitioned oft^
\[i\\ a Bed and Bedftead. There is a handlbm Fort, of a
Blind Figure, palifado'd with Tree?, and a Foot Bridge over
[e River in Form of an Arch. This Indian Town encreas'd
Lch in Number of Houfes and Inhabitants, and Mr. Ellioi
wing baptifcd the Indians, and given the Sacrament of the
ord's Supper to thofe duly prepared, an Indian Church,
Ifter the Presbyterian way, was form'd and fettled at Natid-y
out the Year 1 6(Jo.

.Mr. Elliot had taken into^his Houfe Mmequsjfon^ an in-^" ^"*'"*
Ipnious Indian,'whom he taught to read and write, and made '^ '"""•'■^*^*-
[m School-mufter at Natick. Mr. Elliot tranllated Primers^
att^hifmSy the PraSfice of Piety, Baxter*s Call to the Un-
Jiiirted, and at length the Bible ; a Labour worthy other ^''•Elliot
lotice than was taken of it, and other Rewards than it met [Z-B^buiuf
fch. It was printed the firlt time at Cambridge, in 1664.. r*.; indiaa
Inie of the Indians, who had a Genius for Learning, were ^•"<2'h««
Imitted into //rtri/^r^- College, and had a liberal Education,
Vieby their Congregations were furniflied with Minifters
their own.

I While Mr. Elliot was employ'd in converting the Indians
jtliin the Jurifdidlion of the Majfachufets, Mr. Lever ick^
jinifter of Sandwich, was promoting the fame good Work
iPlimouth Patent, and Mr. Mayhew in Marthah t^ineyard,
I whom fonie Mention has been made in the preceding
ges, Mr. Mayhew, the Son, enter'd upon this pious
iidertaking, and his firft Convert was one Hiaccomes, aHiaccomei
ung Man of about ;?o Years of A^.c, who was, for fome'*« indiaa
pe after he bad begun to take a Liking to the EngUJh, f^J,'^)*^^
5 afraid "

HlT ll^'T.;

r --rK

. \\

; p

' 'life

»6

The Hiflory ^/ New England.

ifraid to enter into any clofc Correfpondencc with rhom
his Coiinrryracn looking upon them as Enemies to their (],„i'j
and Nations. Being come once to the Englijh Piantariuni
after (everal Invitations, Mr. Mayhew confer'd with liim cri
the Subject of Religion, and difcourfcd fo pathetically and I
convincingly of thtChriJlian^ ih^iHiaccomtSy who hadfomjl
Inclination that way before, heard with great Attention anj
Satisfadion, and, in a little time, renounced the Gods of hij
Country, and came conftantly every Sunday to Mr. Ma>t\
h£w*s Meeting, and, after Evening Sermon, to his Houfc
for further fnftiudtion, PakoponeJJby Sachem of the Country,
underftanding that Hlaccomes was going off from his Rcli.l
rrti^nji's gion to that of the Chriftian, fpoke thus to him: /xt/sW^J
Mjiuil" "" y^t '^^^'^ ^^^ a young Man^ having a IVife and two Chi\\
ChriUianity. dren, Jhould love the £hgli(h and their ways, and forfah /J
Powaws. Hiaccomes made hirn no Reply, but continued hii|
VMlits to Mr. Mayhew^ who taught him to read, and endea-
voured to fortify him againil Reproaches; which had fo goojl
an Eftedt on him, that he undertook to affert the trijt|||
and Benefit of the Chri/iian Faith before another Sachem^ and!
the principal Men of his Nation ; not very numerous, doubti
lels, when there were feveral Sachems in an liland not half!
fo big as the IVight. Hiaccomes*s Exhortation fucceeJing tol
the Converfion of thefe Men, he challenged the PfiiMtwJ
who threatned him with their Conjurations, to do their worfti
but they did not care to venture their Credit and Profit on aiij
Experiment which, as the Indians became mort enlighW
was very doubtful and dangerous. Mr. Mayhew having fur]
nifhed Hiatcomes with fufficient Materials, that Converi
preached to his Countrymen, and had good Succefs in con)
verting them. Mr. Mnyhew made a great Progrefs in itj
but, after about lo or 12 Years Labour, Mr. Mayhm
lending a fhort Voyage to England^ fail'd with Capt. i^am
in the Year 1657, and was never heard of more, the Shij
and all that was in it perifhing at Sea.

Mr. Mayhew the Father carried on the MifTioniiry Woi(
by his Advic. and Preaching, afcsr the Departure of his I
and Hiaccomes continued Paftor of an Indian Church
Murtha\ Vmcyard ro Kb Death; and his Son John Hiacm
Was Minifler of another Indian Church there. Mr. EiM
Son alfo preached to the Indians-, as did alfo Mr. Ruhii\
Bourne, Mr. Pierjon, Mr, Filch and Mr. John Cotton^ wlj
had all Icarn'd the I diflu Language for that Purpole; andt
their Inftrud-icws, it»rCT4l Indians applied themfelves to
the Scripture, and becaaae ufcful Preachers to their C
trytiitjin.

^I^)'-^

md endei-

)n:iTy Wo

of his I

Church

jn Hiaccufi

Mr. ElM

Ir. Rhkn

Cotton^ wlj

jolci andl

^Ives to •*■"
their C

TZ'^ Utjiory of New-England. 97

The Accounts I have fecn of the /«^/<7« Converts and
IChurches is a little confufcd j but the Number of them may
be gucfi'ci by what follows.

\ii\.}HaUchy the Miniftcr Daniel an Indian^ 4. or 500 when

the moft.

\t Majhip/>ang, 50 Miles from Bojlon^ an ////■//^jw Miniftcr.
\i Martha's Vineyard, Hiaccomis the /n^/rt« Minifter, af-

fifted by his Son John Hiaccomes, Another Church there,

John Tockinijh, an Indian the Minifter. About 3000

Converts in this Ifland.
\\ hWuket-lUdt the Minifter 7(?^« Gibs^ an Indian-^ 500

Converts.
[tSan^iuit and Cotuit^ ncAV Sundwichy in Barn/} apU County ^

200. The Minifter an Indian^ Simon Papinonit.
[t Sacontty in Plimouth Colony, a Chri/iian Church ; the

Minifter an Indian.
[bout Cape Cody feveral ChtiJIian Churches, having 6 /«-
\iian Preachers.

[ear Eajlhaniy in Barnjlaph County, a Church, confifting
jof 500 Imdian Converts ; 4 Schools, where their Children

are taught to read j 6 Indian Juftices of the Peace, to
[keep good Order.

Punkenagy a Church of Indians, preach'd to by Mr,
\t})ackery Miniftc: of Milton, m Suffolk County.

iNipmug, an Indian Church j the Minifter Monfieur 5fln-

dit, a French Proteilant.

Mendham, in Suffolk County, an Indian Church i the
linifter Mr. Raw/on, of Mendham.

[n the Whole, there were, Setween the Years 1660 and
50, above thirty CongrcvjeCK tns of Indian Chrijiuns^
p might make near 5000 in Number, having 24 Itidian
lors. 1 queftion wheiiicr the Number is much increafed

for Mr. MayheiL\ the Grandfon I fuppofe, in his^^"- M'y-
Jrnalof 1713 and 1714, writes, that the Remains of ihe''*'"^'*'
mUyMohegim, near \cw-Tork ^ud.NarragantJetSy \yciCi.itt(rMijptm
[under ftrong Prejudices agalnft the Chrijlian Religion.. «^'>'«

Mayhew going amonglt: tliera, obtained a Meeting, and

ched to them by an Interpreter; but had only a Thank ye
[for his Trouble, tho' the Englijh were then fo much
|ers oi the Country, that the Indians were at Mercy in

[iner. iie fent for the King of the Narragantfets to come
lim, and deiired Leave to preach to his Subjects. Nini^
I, that was the Name of the Sachem, bid him go^ and

ibi Englifti good frjl ^ for the Indians could eaiily ob-

H lerve.

i''.

Indians.

. I

V' ■ 1

;tV

1 ■',[

^he Hiflory cf New-England.

\ V" «'

■■ ■ i' '

ferve, that the Manners of the People were not anfwerable
to the Leflbns of their Preachers. Ninnlcraft faid to him
Some of you keep Saturday, others Sunday, others no Day at oil i
for the IVor/hip of God j fo that if my People had a mind u
turn Chriftians, they could not tell what Religion to be of. \^
deed I have often thought of the Difficulties the Miflionaries
have to ftruggle with, in converting the Indians x.oChrtjlia.\
niiyy with Refped to the Difagreetnent among ChriJ}iani\
and it nntuft be faid for the latter, that they are at no manner
of Pains to conceal their Differences. The French Papifliji
Canada^ if they may be termed Chrijiiansy tell the IndianA
of Chrift, and of his being crucified ^ but fay the EniM
did it. The Englifh Presbyterians in New-England inftru(j|
the Indians to pray by the Spirit^ and to have Minifl-ers orJ
dained by Miniiters, or they will not be in the right waJ
The Englifh Epifcopalians tell them they muft pray as the
find it in the Book, and have Minifters ordained by Bif
or the Chrijiian Religion is of no ufe to them. How nujf
the poor Indians be fcandalized at this Uncertainty in Matters
that concern the Salvation or Perdition of immortal Sou
and much more at the Difference between the DoiHirinei
the Morals of fome Chrijiians.

Mr. Mayhew, at the Rcqueft of the New-England I
ciety for propagating the Gofpel, made the Mffhtgin Indian
another Viiir, and obtained another Meeting. Atter he
preached to them, he defired to know their Objedlions aga
the Chrijiian Religion. One of them ftood up and fai
Ohjenions offf^g believe the Being of a GW, and do worfhip him\ hut,
feveral Nations have their di/iinSf ways ofWorfhipy fo web
ours ', and we think our way goody and therefore there is m Rt
fin to alter it. Another faid. The Difficulties of the Chrift
Religion are fuch as the Indians cannot endure ; our Path
made firne Trial of it in Mr, Fitch*j ttrne^ ^o Years htfik
and had found Religion too hard for them, and therefore yai/li
it J and we think ourf elves no better able to bear the Hardjhim
it than our Fathers. Others faid. Some Indians, ivhi i
profejjed the Chriftian Religion, had, foon after, forfakm
Englifli, and joined with their Enemies, which certainh \\
would not have done, if the Chriftian Religion had kinfm
celUnt a thing as was pretended. What another Mohegini
has fo much Truth in it, that it might have been a Leffon I
Adayhew himfell^ for the Ufe of his People : IVe canmt\
that Men are ever the better for being Chriftians ; for i
Englifli, that are Chriftians, ivill cheat the Indians of tk
Land, and wrong them other ways; and your Kf70ivleilgi\
Books does but make you the more cunning to cheat ethtn^ i

the Indians
to the Chri
flian Reli-
gion,

Tloe Hiflory ^New-England. 99

ists more Harm than Good. We perceive, by tfiis Ac*
Icount, that the Converfion of the Indians was at a- Stand af-
L the Death of the firft Miflionaries Mr. Elliot, Mr. Cct'
V> ^'"- ■^''^'^» ^^* Browne, Mr. MayheWy Senior, which
Us not occafioncd fo much by the want of Preat hing, 29
^he Wars which cnfued between the Englijh and ln-lam.
fhe latter were alfo more and more thinn'd by Difeafes,
jid the fpreading of the Englijh^ near whom the Indians
ffe have juft mentioned lived, and were irt fome wife
ntermix'd with them. This Part of the Continent was
Dcver very populous, and the 5000 Indians, who were con-
certed, were probably a quarter Part of all the Nations
b whom they belonged. This was a very religid^'s, ge-
(erous, ufeful Undertaking, and, confidering the iV^u^
\lijh were fcarce well fettled themfelves, 'tis amax-
[ig that tbey fliould (b foon (o well fettle their Religion among
be Natives, that it has laftcd ever fince, and is likely to
(ift as long as there is a People in thole Parts of the World.
ne cannot fuppofe that all this, which muft have been very
spfive as well as difficult, could bedone by their own Fund
bd Sufficiency. Three Years after Mr. Elliot's firft Miffion,
he Parliament of England paft an A&, A D. 1649, to en- ThetJe'^'
wage the propagating the Gofpel among the Indians in New- EnHana So-
'Dgland. In order to which they eredted a Corporation, con-"'^^l;Zl]le
Kngof a Prefident, a Treafurer,md 14, Ajji/lnnts, impower- Onfpel fji*-
them to receive Contributions, and make Disburfements ^^'^'^'
carrying on fo good a Work. The Corporation chofe
iidge Steel Prefident, and Henry JJhurft, Efq^ Treafurer.
I was Father of the late Sir Henry Ajlurjl^ Bart, and Sir
\Mam Ajkurji, late eldeft Alderman of London. A Colledion
I made, purfuant to the fame A6t, all over /England, which
duccd fuch a Sum of Money as enabled the Society to
rchafe Eftates to iht Value of about 600 1, a Year, a great
[rt of which was bought of CoX.Bedini^field, ? Papiji, who had
ihimfelf fo much in Debt in the Caufe of King Charles I.
It, upon the Reftoration, Bedingfield fei2.ed what he had
ihctnj but the Chancellor Hyde did not think fit to
luntenance his Violence and Injuftice, and not only de-
Teed the Land to them, but, at the Requeft of the reve-
|id Mr. Bakter and Alderman Aflmrjl^ procured them a
Charter, by which they and their Succeflbrs for ever
re to be' A Stciety for propagation of fhe Go/pel i- New-
klatid, long before any Society \vith the liKe Stile was
Wht of by others i and this being airead/ ei'aWini'd,
der'd any other unnecefTary and ufel^s, with regard to

n a New-

I- ■ . ■

■m.

A U!

3' at;

1 i:''*'

loo

7i# Nitmet

•fthefirfl
Society in
Bngland.

*Ih late
London
CotnmlJJian-
tr'i Namis.

lie Hiftory of NewEng-land.

New-England. This Society confifted of the following Per,
Tons named in the Charter.

Edward Earl of Clarendon, Lord Chancellor.

Thomas Earl of Southampton, Lord TrealUrer.

John Lor'd Roberts, Lord Privy-Seal.

George Duke of Albemarle.

James Duke of Ormond.

Edward Earl of Manchejier, Lord Chamberlain,

Arthur Earl of Anglefey.

ff^Jltam VKcount Say and Seal.

Francis JVamer, Efqj Alderman of London,

Will. Love, Efq; ? Aldermen

mil. Peak, Efq; h Qi Londm\

Thomas Foley, Efq;

Thomas Coke, M. D.

John Micklethwait, M. D.

Edmund Trench, E%

Charles Doyley, Eftj;

Thomas Staynes, Efq;

7tfA« Jarvis, Efq;

fVtlUam Antrobus, Efqj

John Bathurji, Efqj

Thomas Gillibrand, Efq;

^o^« Benbowe, Efq;

Barnabas Mears, Efc|;

Edward Bofcawen, Efq;

Martin Noel, Efq;

Erafmus Smith, Efq;
Richard Hutchinjon.
JoJhuaWoolmugh, Efq;
George Clarke, Efij;
Thomas Speed, E(q;
Harmon Sheaf, Efij;
James Hayes, Efq;
Laurence Brinjley, Efq;
^<?A« Arrod, Efq;
John Docket, Efq;
Sir William Thomfon^
Sir William Bateman,
Sir Anthony Bateman,
Sir Theophilus Biddolph,
Sir Laurence Bromfield^
Robert Boyle, Efq;
Tempeji Milner, Efq;

Very honourable Names, and it is remarkable that die;]
are all of the Laiety. Thefb Commiffioners were impower'd
to appoint others in Nrw-England to iranfadt the Affairs oi
the Society there. The firft Governor was /Joi^ r/ i5fl)/f, Efij
the famous Chrijiian Philofbpher. The Powers of this So
ciety are limited to New-England, and the Borders. On tL
Death of Mr.Z?«y^,^5i'-?r/77)(5w;>^«,Efq;Wasele6tedGovcrnoi]
and the following worthy Gentlemen were lately the Society]

Jofeph Thompfon, Efq;

Treafurer.
Sir Thomas Alney.
Mr. liobert AJhurJl.
Mr. Jo. n Gu>7/lon,Dep.T{9Si.
Mr, Edzvard Richier.
Mr. Samuel Read, Sen,

Richard Chi/well J Efq;
Mr. Thomfii Gering.
Sir P//^r A:/«^, Lord Chid

Juflice.
Mr. Thomas Knight.
Mr. yfr//p«r Martin.
Richard Min/halL Efq:

Jhe Hijlory of New-England.

loz

Earl of Stamford,
Sir John Scot.
Sir Daniel Wray.
Daniel DolifiSy Efq;
'IftlliamThompfon^ Efq;
*John Lane, Efq;
ilrJuJiusBecfr.
}J[r. J:h*i Bridges.
i\:. John Morton.
Robert Atwoody Efq;
Rol/ert Clarh, Efqj
I^r. James Hulbert,

Philip PapiUon, Efqj
Mr. Henry Palmer,
Mr. Ihomai Stiles.
"Mr. James Town/end,
Mr. John Jack/on,
Sir Henry Jfhnrji.
Mr. Jofeph'thompfon, Jun.
Mr. Samuel Read.
Mr. Jeremiah Murden.
Mr. 5<7W«^/ ^y^^fl/:
Mr. Thomas Carpenter,
Mr. y<7;&» Mitchel.

[Xhc Commiflioners in New-England lire, or lately were,

Samuel Shute,
Increafe Mather, D. D.
JohnFoJier, Efqj
Jflk Higgin/an, E(qj
£du)ard Bromfield^ E%
El.Hutchinfon, Efq;
1 5/>^o« Stoddard., Efq;

P^fls Town/end, .^Jq;

Efq; late Governor.
Jonathan Belcher, Efqj
Cotton Mather, D. D.
Rev. Mr. Nehemiah IValler.
Mr. Daniel Oliver.
Mr, Thomas Fitch,
Adam fVinthrop, Efq;
Thomas Hutchinfon, E{q;
Will. Dummery Efq; D. Gov.

Ta* New-

England

€lvmn/!Jlion'

tu.

[This Society do, or lately did, maintain in New- England
or 1 6 i^Iiffionaries, part Engli/h, part Indian, to preach
Gofpel. Their Salaries are from lo to 90/. a Year,
i- England Money. They have ereded Schools in proper
ices, which may truly be called Charity- Schools. The
lildren are furnifhed with Catechifms, Primers, Pfalters^
oks of Devotion in the Indian Tongue, Pens, Ink, Paper,
1 fometimes Clothes. Some of the Miflionaries can preach
[the Indian Language ; but the reft do it by Interpeiers.
des the Contributions gather'd by the Society, there are
|lleftions towards carrying on , their Delign in New-Eng-
Thac at Bofion came, in one Year, to 483/, M«/-
fW Money.

Old Church - -
North Church -
South Church
New Church - ■

- 160 1.

- 90

- 116

483/.

K-

H 3

The

's-'tt" 1 I'- i el! • .'iiiVl'

ff-i^'s1

(if-:

•i ¥

■i^:

:.',»'»(

•"!!";;•('

'icz

:t' '0

v>:m

M' '

•t •

CoMinntimis
a" Oiig tin

^ Sywid at
Cuiii bridge.

Thf Baptlfis

The HiJIory of New-England.

The other Colledions bear no r ioportion to this, there
being no Proportion in 'heir Trade and Wealth. The So.
ciery have alfo a Fund of ibout looo/. the Produce of which
is employed for this good i'urpofe.

In the Year 154.7 there were great Commotions amo*
the Indians-^ but the Englijh kept fuch a watchful Eye over
them, that they could not do much Mifchief, till l^iQ French
animated them, and put them in that way. Sequaffan jj
Sachem, near Newhaven^ had formed a Defign to aflTaflinaie
the Magiitrates of that Colony; but being dilcover'd in
tij , it was eafily prevented. The Narragantfets ^n^ ^/^.j
b^gidns having feveral times infefled the Englijh^ they de-
manded Satisfaction ; and the Segamores chofe rather to givel
it, than hazard a Waf . The Narragantfets engaged /he Ma\
quoisj or Mohocks, to adift them in profecuting the War
gainft Uncas ; but when they found the Englijfj would protefil
him, rhey defined. The Indians committed this Year ffrl
veral Murders in Newhaven Colony and Long IJJand. Thol
Er.glijh immediately demanded to have the Murderers deJ
livered up, which the Savages at firft refufed; but whto|
they (aw a War would be unavoidable, if they did not give
Satisfadlion, they yielded to pacifick Meafures.

In September, 1 648, a Synod of the NeW'England Qh!dxik
wsui held at Cambridge^ and the Confejion of Faith publiilie
by the Affembly of Divines at Wejiminjler, being read ovq
Article by Article, was agreed to Nemine Contradicente. 1k\
then proceeded to confider the Model of Church Difciplin
which had been prepared by Mr. John Cotton, Mr. Rtchm
Mathitr, Mr. Ralph Partridge. The Platform they dre
up, and to which the Synod agreed, is in Mr. Neal's Appe
dix. Some things in it are negledted by the prefent Minif
in New- England'^ the main Points, however, are ftiU
iUmc, and the Difciplinc Presbyterian, which is as much as]
Layman need know of the Matter.

The New-England People lived in full Security, astoi
Darrger from the Indians^ who of themfelves, and withe
Afliftance or Intelligence with the Erench at Canada, cc
do them little or no Hurt; and this Security put their He
on the wrong Side at home, for want of the BallaftofPel
and Afflidion from abroad. Whether it was that thtir Pi
fperity made them proud, or that their Zeal languifli'di
want of Exercife, they refolved to quicken a new Profa
tion, and the Bapti/is came firft in their Way.

The Rupturei began at Rehoheth, in Plimouth Colo
v^here one Mr. Obo.diah Holmes, and 5 or 7 more of the -
tiji rerfuafion, feparated from the Congregation tli

Mr. Newi

excommun

Mr. Clark

lynne in ti

of Mr. mii

fore the h

made their

the Court

John Grand

for contemn

not confbrmi

jjay their Fir

darkens Friei

ivas r,»I'-afed,

hut Mr. Ho

thirty Lafhes,

Jchn 1 lafel t<

before au the

Iftancy, for w

iCburt, and fi

Ijay the Moncj

(they were difi

l\i^ New'i

Iwith a hcaviei

Country i

[ersaad Leade

Mary Ft/her
Ann Aujiin^
Chrijiopher
tbtmas Thi
William Bn

They were
3unciJ on thi^
)kn^ their Ofl
pw, from w
forfuppreffing

^"oery Majie
[uaiers, tofor^
Every ^uake
H of Corre
^^ntobeputan
^(ak with thtm,
^0 dij^erfi ifi

If!

^e Hiftory of New-England.

103

Hit. Newmatiy Minifter of Rehobethy admonifli'd and then
excommunicated Mr. Holmes, Some time after, Mr. Holmesy
Mr. Ciark^ of Rhode-lOznA^ and Mr. Crandal Were feized ac
hnne in rime of Divine Worfliip on a Sunday in the Houfe
of Mr. fi^Uliam Witters, Being carried the next Morning be-
fore the Magiftrate of the Town, Mr. Robert Bridges^ he
^ade their Mittimus and fent them to Bo/ion J ^ii, where
the Court fined Mr. Clarh 20 1, or to be well whipp'd,
John Cranda! ^ I. or to be whipp'd, and Mr. Ho/mes 30/.
jbr contemning the Admonition and Excommunication, and
not conforming to the Church. The Prifoners agreed not to ^^"pfv"''
[pay their Fines, but to fland the Whipping. Some of Mr. ,651. •
Clarke's Friends paid hJs Fine without his Confent j Crandal
I viis r^l'jafed, upon his Promife to appear the next Court ;
but Mr. Holmes was tied to th6 Whipping Poft, and had '
thirty Laflies. As be returned to Prifon, John Spur and
\john i lafel took him by the Hand in the Market place, and
before al. the People praifed God for his Courage and Con-
ftancy, for which they were fummon'd before the General
Court, and fined 40 j. or to be whipp'd. They r^fufed to
Ipay the Money ; but fome of their Friends paying it for them,
Ithey were difmifled.

I The New-England Minifters and Elders fell next, andrA^Quakfrs
Ljth a heavier Hand, upon ^e ^akers^ who firft came to perfeet$ted.
Ithis Country in the Year i dj 6. The Names of " their Speak- *^^^*
lers and Leaders were

Mary Fijher^
Ann Aujlin^
Chrijlopher Holder^
tbomas Thir/hne^
William Brend^

Sarah Gibbons^
Alary Prince^
Mary PVeatherhead^
Dorothy JVaugh^
yohn Copeland,

They were fdzed immediately, and the Governor called a

suncil on this Occafion, who ifTued Orders 10 Simon Kemp-

|(i«r», their Officer, to fee thefe Quakers fliipp'd off for Bar-

\dos^ from whence they came s then made fome new Laws

jfor fupprefling them. ,

E-jery Majler of a Ship that brought thither any ^.aker or Cruel Laws
\uakersy to forfeit 100/. aganfiihi^n.

Every ^aker that lands in New-England to h^ ftnt to the
hufe of Correffiony andfeverely whipp'd^ as they worded ir,
^m to be put and kept to bard Labour^ and none to converje or
'ptak with them.

To dij^erft any of their Books or Pamphlets^ to forfeit 5 /.

H 4 It

■i!f {

V . !

■^ Mi

:| 'H;m-^' !■! ■if

.1 :■■'

ht:;..

■ I #

# J.

S'f

^^'1

■1 W.t- .;

fliMiv'ii

104

Tbe Bljlory of New-England.

It would have been more reafonable and Scholar-like, if
they had direded Dr. Mather to anfwer Mr. Barklay*s Latin
Txcmic ior ^akerifm in the fame Language, on Account of
its Univerfalicy ; but Perfecutors are for the fliorteft Ways of
anfweringj the Prifon, the Whipping- poft, the Pillory and
the Gibbet, as we fhall find prefently.

Whoever Jhall defend the Quakers, y2>fl//, for the fecond Of.
fence^ hefent to the Houfe ofCorretlion till they can be hanijhd,

Thefe excellent Laws were proclaimed by Beat of Drum 1
in the Streets of Bo/hn, at hearing of which, one Nicholas \
Upjhal c^me out of liis Houfe, and denounced the Judgment
of Gj " ^ainft the Execution of them. The General Court
had I jrl brought before them, and baniih'd him the Pro.]
vince.

Mary Clarke^ Wife of John Clarke of London^ Taylor,!
whofe Folly in coming fo far, on fo foolifli an Errand as
the Call of ^akerifn, might have deferved a Madhoufe,
but did not deferve the Whipping-Poft i ftic received 30 1
Ladies.

Chrijiopher Holden and John Copeland, both returned from I
Banirtiment, were tied to the Poft, and had each 30 Stripes; I
but thefe Whippings not being enough fevere to deter Friends
from coming into the Country, the General Court refined |
« upon their former Cruelty, and made the following Laws.

Afore trtttl Whofoever Jhould bring any ^laker within their Jurifdu
Latej. jiIq„^ to pay 100 1.

U^jofoever /hould conceal a ^aker, knowing him to befuchA
to pay 40 J. an Hour for fo concealing hirn.

If a ^aker^ for the firjl Offence^ that is, coming

New-England, after having been banijhed, if a Man, to hm\

one of his Ears cut off^ and be kept to hard Work in tk\

Houfe of Correal ion till he could bejhipp'd off" at his own ChargA

n»zh.Ti\Ht ^"^ h'^^ Second Offence^ to lofe the other Ear ^ and be keptinm

-If-

Houfe of Corre£iion. If a Woman^ to be feverely w/)/)/i/, j
and kept as of or cf aid. For the third Offisnce, Man or Womm^
to have their Tongues bored through with a hot Iron^ and thin
be kept n the Houfe of Correilion till they can be Jhipfd
at their own Charges,

X658.

Thomas

Holder^ Copeland.^ and one Roufe had their Ears cut off,]
September id, 1^58.

In the Year preceding died William Bradford^ Efq; tliej
^'.'"."^^^Ij' ancient Governor of Plimouth Colony, in which he hadl
Plimouth. been a ufeful and beloved Magiftrate, from their firft Scttle'|
mcnt to his Death, 37 Years. He was fucceeded by thi-

Til; •,

^e Htjiory of New-England. 105

fna! Prince y Efq; who had been fometimes chofen Governor
during Mr. Bradford's Life. Tho' he was not learned him-
felf he was a great Patron of Learning, and took a great deal
j of pains to provide Revenues for the fetting up Grammar
Schools in all Parts of the Country.

fheophilus Eaton, Efq; Governor of Newhaven Colony,
I from its Eftablifliment to his Death, died about the fame Francis
time, and Francis Newman^ Efqj their Secretary, was chofen^ewman, ^
iGo'/ernor. „l^l

Among other troublefom Fellows that came to New-
\h!l!and, was f^enner, the Fifth Monarchy-Man, who, feme venner,i/«
Years after, raifed a Rebellion in Lo?7don againft King ^^' J-J^|^"
Charles IL for which he, and a good Number of hisNew-Eng-
\Crack'd-brain*d Militants were hang'd. renner was one ofiand.
iHu^h Peters*s Chn it Salem. He would fain have perfuad-
a Pu.cel of fuch IVifeheads as himfeif to have deferted
he Settlement at Majfachufets, and have gone to Providence.
In my former Edition, I faid one of the Bahama-lQzTiAs'y
but I fuppofe it might rather be Providence^ in' Ptimouih
olony, on *a River fo called, where the Antinomians had
Kittled.

He apply'd to the Magiftrates for Leave to remove into
DOther Jurifdidion, which I imagine he might have done
ivithout it J and that he defired fomething more of them, «
han a bare Permiffion to be gone. The Magiftrates and
Duncil taking the Matter into Confideration, declared, that»
pr fevcral weighty Reafons, not of Weight enough to be re-
(lember'd, they could not admit of Venner's Propofal. Up-
which, he flood up among them, and faid, Notwith-
\anding luhat has been offer'' d^ we are clear in our Call to re-
But his Companions, not being quite fo mad as him-
fif, declined going off tumultuoufly, which tenner was rea-
to have done.

J The fakers gWrying in their Suffering?, continued to f^^^g j,^,^
pd their Notions, or rather Dreams, and were {eized, L.tm af^uiKji

imprifon'd, and whipped. The Magiftrates ilTued ftillQ.y'»kers.
ore cruel Laws againft them, That they Jhould be whipp''d
)nce a IFeek, and each time to have the Stripes increafed,
ne Harris, who came from Barbados, had this Punifhmenc
Sided on him j ih had others, and one of them was al-
oft whipp'd to Death. I am alhamed to write it. There
be two ^ake'fs, of the Name of Southick, who being
ed Ten Pounds for not coming to Church, there ciWedTheyaretnh
\teiing, and refufing to work in Jaill, or pay the Money ,^',^'^ '" *'"
[re order'd to be fold to the Plantations, by an Order ""'"""' '
wd by Edward Raw/Qn, Efqj Secretary to the General

Court}

|;!;i

i'..-v

*■; (

::i|.

: 1'

4(i

■■'.M

iiV

'Wf-

' ; ■ •) ':

io6

7lbe Hiftory g^ New-England.

Court; but the Order was not executed, ^tlliam Brtni\
and If^tliiafn Leddra, two P'oreigners, were whipp'd at Bojitn. \
but this Perfecution having the Effcd that all Ecclefial^jcaj
Perrecutions ever had, that of encreafing the Number of tlie
^takers^ Sanguis Mar-tyrorum Semen Etclefia^ the Blood of I
the Martyrs was, in the primitive Times, the Seed of thj
Church. The Magiflraces of New-England^ Minifters and!
Eiders, refolved to pufli their Severity as far it could go, and
jniflj'don jjf \^^ a Law was made to banifli them, on Pain of Death I
Jj^jtl. The Court of Magiftrates pafled this Law for putting theml
to Death without Trial by a Jury; but the General Aflemblyl
or Court of Deputies, oppoled it, and infifted upon a Clauie'l
for Trial by a Jury, till the Magiftrates prevailed with twol
of them to change Sides, and then the Law was carried byl
a fingie Voce, the Speaker and x i being againll it, and nl
for it. And thus every Court confifting of 3 MagiftraJ
might give Judgment to Death. However, the Twelve wb
were againft the Bill refclved to enter their Protefts, andl
rather than not have it pafs currently, the others at Ijft
agreed to qualify it, by adding thefe Words, *Being tridl
Special "Jury.

As foon as the Magiftrates had got this Law on the
Side, they went to work, and taking hold of certain QuakersJ
9 who had been bani/hed and were come back again, central
to Law, they proceeded to Execution. William Robinjun^
London^ Merchant, Marmaiuke Sentemun^ of Torkjhire^ Yei
man, and Mary Dyer were brought before them, and asit'ij
why they came into the yurijditiion^ ^fi^f they had been banijl
upon Pain of Death P They reply'd. They came in Obtdh
to the Call of the Lord. Let it not be faid, by their Perie
cutors, thu their Term Call is Cant and Jargon^ isiti
tlie fame Term that the New-England Minifters and Elda
had ufed a thuufand and a thoufand times ? I will not fay i
ro better Grounds. Thefe People as much believed the
ielves to be in the right, as Mr. John Elliot^ Nr. thm
Hooker, or Mr. Richard Mather did, and the Governii
had no more Jurifdidlion over their Confciences, thani
Spiritual Courts in England had over their own. Was 1
the Squabble about the Covenant of Grace and the Ctnn\
if Works as much Jargon and Cant to fober, judicioi
Chriftiam^ as the Quaker's Spirit^ and the Light witkk
Notwithftanding this, Friends were brought to the
The Gcvey- oncc mote, and Endicot, the Governor, who had
nor'tSptnh ycry adbivc in thefe Scourging^, Mutilatings, &c. fp(
^*/o»«f<^;4' follows: We have made many Laws^ and endeavmtU
£xeaition. /everal frays, to keep yoitfromus'^ but I jind ntitbtrm

loj

Use Hijlory of New-England.

piflffj nor Imprifonment, nor cutting off of Earsy nor Banifli-
jijent upof Pa>n of Death, will keep you from us. J defin
fotyour Death. Did he not defire the Adt for hanging them
jhould pafs, did he defign to pardon or reprieve them ? He
knew they wou'd not fubmit. Miferablc S'ophiftry i Having
faid he defired not their Death, he paft Sentence upon them,
U be hang'd on the Gallows till they be dead, which was accord-
iflffly executed. Several Quakers were banifh'd on Pain oiTf^ty^ar
Death, who never returned into the Country, as Laurence '""^'^
Uiuthick, Cqffandra Southick, a Heathenifli Name for a Shu
{Friend i S.Shattock^ N. Phelps and Others, but IVilliam Led-
J, who had been fcveral Times feverely whipp*d, turn'd
lout of the Jurifdidion and at laii: banifh'd, coming again to

jlon, was hang'd March the i4Ch, 1660 : Some of his laft ,(550.
IWords at the Gallows were. For bearing my Tcjlimony againji
\the Deceivers and Deceiv'd^ lam brought here to fuffer, Mr,
Vileal tells us what the New-England Maglftrates (aid to juftifie
Ithefe Sacrifices to their Authority, little likelihood of their bc-
|ing enough Reafon in their Arguments to put Perfons to
[Death for Principles of Confciencc. If it be true as they
[wrote, that the Quakers ran about the Streets, crying ouc
gainft the Sins of the People, there might have been a
ladhoufe fet apart for them, and Darknefs, Solitude, Bread
nd Water been their Portion, till they rccover'd their Senfes. ,
\li Deborah fVilfon march*d thro* the Streets of Salem ftark
naked, the Hangman might have flogg'd her with the more
\dvantage, and (he richly deferved it . I meet with (bme
^igns of Frenxy and Folly in the Rants and Riots of the Qua-
ker«, but nothing for which they Ihou'd have been hang'd,
[id thefe New-England Magiilrates ad:ed like the ignorant
Surgeon, that knew no way of curing a bad Limb but by
cutting it off. Indeed Endicot and Bellingham, (iiccedivcly
jovernors of the Maffachufets Colony, were as real Bigots in
eir way, as Archbilliop Laud was in his, and where Bigotry
brives, like a rank Weed it kills every good Plant about it.
While thefe Things were ading in America^ Monk, the
lumfs General in England betray'd them, and brought in
Zharles the lid, who is now known to have been a Paipift,
vhen Monky at that time an Independent or Presbyterian,
[lade way for his return to England. He had at firit few
(ibout him but Presbyterians, and indeed the Presbyterians
jght to have the Honour of being the chief Inftruraents of
his Reftoration, tho' they paid dearly for it in a Year or two.
The Government of New-England difpatch'd Simon Brad'
beety Efq; Secretary of the Majfachufets, and Mr. John
'^mon^ Miniftcr at Bojion^ with a Congratulary Addrefs to

the

art

t ■ '•■

9 r*«

"^1

' '' 1 ''ii:

h''''

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'i;

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.i'l'

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k '

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ti 5

u!'.

i 'it ■?- . ■*'•,

S'"*'

i,.

> m

J he Cnlony
mddrrjfih
QuiiLi lid

Kf>ft

Miu'iJicT.

108 T*//^ ///;/^i>ry ^ New-England.

the King, who gave them good Words in Anfwer to it.
The Quakers in their Rcprefentation to him, fpeaking of |
this Mr. Norton^ who dy'd of an Apoplexy Toon after his re.
turn to New- England y having had a deep Hand in the Exe-
cution of their Friends^ fay, John Norton, chief Prieft j^
The Slnahr, Bo/ion^ by the immediate Power of the Lord^ was /mitten and
*)(«inft A.r. oi he was ftnking down by the Fire fide ^ being under jufi Jud^.
menty he confefs'd the Hand of thi Lord was upon h'm
and fo he died If he was acceflbry to the Death of any of I
thofe mifguided People, the Quakers might as well load hii
Charader with this Judgment, as fome of the Miniiters hjvc j
loaded the Characters of others with the like. I obfervc that I
Bigots m all Perfuafions arm themfelves with thefe Judgmentj |
againft their Opponents; fnthufiafm and Malice are equally
confpicuous in all, and to be rejedted by Men in a juiter and
cooler way of thinking. Thefe did not afcribe Mr. Norunh
Apoplexy to a ftrolce of Heaven, but rather thought it came
upon him by Grief, at the Treatment he met with even from
fome of his Friends, at hisreturn to New-England^ for Both he |
and Bradjireet had, they rhoughr, flatter'd K ing Charln too |
/A^p/^ (7r;V/^uch in their Addrefles; they told Mr. A'/??/(7« to his) Face,
th^H Sick- He had laid the Foundation oj the Rum of their Liherties. Mr,'
Neal fays of him, " He was certainly a Man of warm Pairions, I
" and of a cholerick Temper, rare comhujlables to be blnim
" up by rojh Zeal^ and objtinate Bigottry. He was at the
Head of all the Quakers Sufferings, and neither his Learning
nor his Puratinifm can atone for that unchriftian and unjufti*
fiable Severity. Tho' Sir William Morrice^ Secretary to K.
Charles lid, was fo Zealous a Presbyterian, that he wrote I
a Book in vindication of Prcfbytery, and tho' he was as M'd\\
Kinfman and Aflilhnt, very much in Favour, yet he cou'd
not hinder that King's fending an Order, dated Sept. 9, idf^ij
and fign'd by IVtlliam Morrice, to Governor Endicot^ to
flop all Proceedings againft the Quakers, which obiig'd the]
Government there to give over hanging them, but they con.
tinu'd the whipping of them without Mercy.

Soon after the Keftoration of King Charles dy'd the Old I
Indian King Maffafoit. His two Sons IVanifutta and M(-\
i^amei fk-tacomet, came to the Court at P//W«^y^, anddefired to have
lexander, Englijh Namcs given them, fo they had Political, tho' not
Chriftian Baptifm j IVanifutta was call'd Alexander ^ and Mf\
tacomet, Philip: But notwithftanding their ProfefTions oPl
Friendfliip, the Court had Information a few Months after, |
that Alexander was foliciting the Narragant/ets to make War
upon them J upon which Edward IVinfiow^ Efq; Major-

• " Qtmi\

1663

Wht difSr,,

nefit

MafTaflbii'i
$»n Sens
take the

»nd Philip '

I'he Hifory of New-England.

lo6

General of the Colony, an Officer put over the /«^//<l«/, and
next to the Governor, was fent to brine him to PUmouth,
Uje took with him no more than lo Men, and furprizing
\j{lix^nder at one of his hunting Houfcs, clapt a Piitol to his
Breaft, Hi the midftof his numerous Attendants, and com-
manded him to furrendcr on pain of Death, and go with him
ito Plimouth, Alexander^ as one ftun'd at the boldncfs and lUd-
Idenncfs of this Aflault, fubmitted, and only defired he might
ilii(ea Kingi that he might do fo, Mr. ll^'inJJow offer'd
Kim a Horfe, but his Squaw^ his Wife, and other Woinen
[being on Foot, King Alexander had more Manners than to
(onHorfeback. Mr. Prince^ Governor of Plimouth^ treated
ii(D with great Humanity ; yet fo great was his Indignation at
he Affront that had been put upon him, that the Ferment of
ills Spirits threw him into a flow Fever, of which he died.

His Brother Philip fucceeded him in his Kingdom, he was KL»i P^*-
png, ftout, and revengeful j however not being as yet ^'p„* ■^'"''"J'
prepared for War, he thought fit to temporize a while, and "^'
ml to Plimouth, to renew the Alliance made with that Co-
bny by his Father Majfafoit, purfuant to which, he engag'd
\\u^ inviolably the former League^ not nf'dlefly, or unju/ily to
)rmki or raife IVar with any of the Natives, ml to fell any
mdi to any Strangers, or any one elfe without Approbation of
Englifli, who on their Part engag'd to afford him all
liendly AlTiftance, by Advice or otherwife, as they juftly
eht. An Inftrument to this Purpolc, was iign'd Thus,

Witnefs, John Sanfaman,

he Mark of Francis W
iaihim or King of Nanfet.

The Mark of CU PhUip
alias Metacomct.

5d«/a»w«,the Witnefs, was an Indian Chriltian and Preacher,
lio was murder'd in King Philips Country, by hivS Chancel-
|r, and two other of his SubjecSts, of which we (hall hear more
j the Sequel.

The Synod that met in'the Year 1^62, at Bojlon^ had be- ^^f*'^-
le them this knotty and important Queftion, IVhether the
m.d Children of Church Member <, had a '\ight to hjptifm.
DW they decided, and how the Churches there differed about
pr Decifion, is recorded in their Eccieliaftical Hiltories, to

ch, efpecially Dr. Mather\ I refer the very curious in thefe
gtters.

)uring the time of the Civil War in EnglanU and the
kliament's and Protedor's Goverment, there was lit[It; or no
preafeof People by new Comers, in Ntw-England^ but as

foon

I'i :ii

■ ■ \ lit

y.'

'. i '

^!a

,;..<

I I

77v llipory of New-England. "

;| f:;.r^

r;<fyy Md (oon as the Pcrfecutors had procurM the Barthomtw K([

/riKw-""' which turn'd 2 or 3000 Protcftant Divines out of their Mil

England hy niftry and Livelihood ; feveral of them followed the Kxampic

Pfrfnuticn. of their Predeceflbrs, the Puritans^ and removed to yfmerica.

The Pcrfccution foon extending to Congregations, as well ai

J'aftors, and the Laicty being opprcfs'd as well as the Clergy,

Numbers of both fliip'd themfelves for New-England.

Minifters otOid'EnglanJ, in New-England.

Div'nft who
mcnt :kfthtr.

Mr. J antes Allen ^ Fellow of New-Colltge, Oxm-^ at BoJIokA

Mr. John Baily, at Water-Town^

Mr. Barnet^ at New- London.

Mr. John Brouney at Swam/ey.

Mr. Thomas Gilbert^ Eling in Aftddlefex ; at- Topsfidd.

Mr. James Keith, at Bridgwater.

Mr. Samuel Lee^ Fellow of Wadham College, Qxw. A

Brijlol
Mr. Charles Morton, BUJland in Cornwall^ at Chark\

Toivn.
Mr. Charles Nicolet, at Salem*
Mr. John Oxenbridge, Berwick, at Bojlon,
Mr. Thomas Thornton, at Yarmouth.
Mr. Thomas Walley, fHite-Chapel, London, at Barnjiahlt,
Mr. JVilliam iVoodrop, at Lancafter.
Mr. y(7^« Bulkely, Fordham in jE^a*, at Concord.
Mr. Thomas Baily, at JVater-Town.

Only two of thefe return'd to England, Dr. 0«/f«, latcj
Vice-Chancellor of Oxford, and Dean oi Chri/i-Chunh^ wa
fhipping off his EfFedls, and , preparing to embark for A'in
England to take upon him the Government of theUniverlit]
to which he had been inveded, but the King fent cxpn
Orders to him not to leave the Kingdom,

And in truth the removing to New- England m theft Da]
with any other Defign than to fidi and trade, was not vo
defirablc, for the People's Heads there were turn'd with th
Change of their Condition, from being the Perfecutcd, to I
the Perfecutors ; and when the King's Letter had ty'd thd
Hands with refpedt to the Quakers and Baptifts, they letth
lofe againft Wizards and Witches, for fomething they nit
be doing to exert their Power, and ihew they held not (
Thehfgitn- Sword in vain.

mng cfput' So early as the Year 1662, they call'd one Mrs. Greenwich
^"^1/"^ ,0^ -Hertford, in Conneaicut Colony, to Account, for bcwitq

t» Death Jqt . js, ^ -, ', ,,, '', . i i ■ t rJ

Wiuhtraft. wg Joan Cole^ a young Woman, who was troubled withriil

'The Hiftory of New-England.

Xl^

TheMinifVers were her Accufcrs, and alledg'd fo many Things
Lainft her, that ftie cou'd hardly tell how to clear heridf of
lilloFchem, and confeft what was impolTiblc, that the Dc-
Ivil had lain with her, for which ihc was hang'd. There's no
Ineed for enlarging on this Tragedy ; tho* no Man can tell
Iwhat a Spirit is yet, every one can imagine what it is not,
iMatter, Subftancc, Body, capable of Corporal Enjoyments ;
nd if this Woman had with a thoufand Oaths, fworn the Devil ,

done fo to her, Wife Men wou'd have thrown the Fable
loiong the Succukii*s and Incul>ui*s of the Poets. The reft
ptche Allegations againft this crazy Creature, are too trifling
lobe repeated.
This great BuHnefs being difpatch'd, the Magiftrates of
yMntiiicut bethought Themfeives they had no Charter, with-
£ vjhtchy fays my Author, They %<oere fenfthle they had no U^
[fl/ T\iU to their Landy but as they hadf bought them of t' e
Natives, I am very fenfible they had the bed Title in tne
l(xV o them, the Sale of the right Owners. They had
ing'd Mrs. Green/worth ixid Others, by their own Authority,
nd tliat indeed wanted a better Support, than a voluntary Af-
ocifttion. The Colony of Newhaven, was in the fame Cir- ConneSliait
utnftances, which both having maturely weigh'd, they ««'"^ Newh«-
greed to depute John fVmthrop^ Efq; Son of the late Go-^|]"^^^',^^^
emor of the MaJfachufetSy to be their Agent at the Court of John win-
\n^land^ to follicite and procure a Charter, to unite the two '^"^"P' ^^»
atonies into one corporate Body. Such a Charter he obtained *^"*^''
\x them, and when he had brought over Mr. IVthJier Gover-
(g^o( Connecticut, and Mr. Z^^/, Governor of Newhaven^
reGgn their Charges into his Hands, he was chofen Co-
nor of both Colonies, and fo continued as long as he liv'd.
King Charles the lid, being about to declare War wirh
\tDutch^ he gave away all the Country they were pofll-ft
f on both Sides of //«(^«'s Bay, to the Duke of Tori, and
[Squadron of Ships, with fufficient Land Forces, un'^- 1 Sir
Wrt Carrey and Col. NichoUsy to drive away the L/-4tch
om their Plantations, as will be feen in our Account o^New'
ri He alib commidion'd Sir Robert Carrey Co' Richard *

Ichollsy George Cartwrighty Efq; and Samuel Mitericky Efq;
|call at New-Englandy and hear and determine fuch Diffr-
nces as might be amongft the Colonies. They brought with
em a Letter to the Governor and Council of Plimouth, in
lichhis Majefty declared his Refolution to preferue all their
\herties and Prtvileges, both Eccleftajlical and Civily without
' UaJ} Violation. How that was made good afterwards, by
^jng away their Charter and with it all their Privileges and
[berties, let the Reader judge, tho* upon that Royal Pro-

I xnife,

'ii*

~AU

'•m

^^Iffi!'

ill

,»<

112 ^eBiJIory of J^eW'Enghnd.

tn'iCe, his Majefly faid, This we prtfume will difpofe p^
to manifeji by all ways in your Power ^ Loyalty^ and Af,
feiiion to us, that all the World may knmVy that you luk
upon yourfehes as being as much our SubjeSls and living undtr
the fame Obedience to usy as if you continued in your natu^
ral Country. The Condud of fuch fort of Commiflioners
has generally more regard to Prerogative, than Privilege, and
accordingly Mr. Neal CtySy They behav'd not very much totht
Satisfa£iion o/"PJimouth.
i^ficZiion. ^ ^*^® omitted a Relation of Thunders, Lightnings, Bla^
' ing Stars, and the like natural Accidents, as being the Sub.
jed of Naturaliftsj but I muft not forget, that upon Appear.
ance of a Meteor in the Heaven's here, the Magirtrates wrote
a Circular Letter, to the Elders and Minijiers of every Tmn^
to promote the Reformation of Manners^ a good Workcer- j
tainly, with or without a Comet, which if it prognofticates
anything, I fhould rather incline to think it ought tobeappl
to a new Perfecution of Baptijlsy and ^akersy whom they did I
l.on<!on noL' indeed hang, but ruined many honeji Men, fays tliel
•*''"^"' . ^ reverend Hiftorian, by Fines, Imprifonment^ and BanilhmcntA
mo e again ^j^j^|^ ^^ ^^^ cxcited the Commifetation of the Diflcnting Mi-
nifters in England^ that Dr. Owen, Dr. Godwin, Mr. A^f^,
Mr. Caryl, and feveral other Divines, wrote a Letter to ^4
Leverett, '£,((];, GovetnoT of the Majachufets, befeeching him
to make ufe of his Authority and Inter ejl, for the rejioringjuih
to their Liberty as were in Prifon, on Account of Religion^ mi\
that their Sanguinary Laws might not be put in Execution fat
the future: But this Letter made no Impredion upon them,]
and the chief of the London Quakers, as

William Crouch,
William Macket,
Theodore Ecclejlon,

George Whitehead,
John Whiting^
John Field,

apply'd to the Diflenting Minifters in London^ to write parn-l
cularly in favour of Ft i ends ^ as they had done for xh^ BaptlfiA
Accordingly a Letter fign'd by 1 1 of the chief of them, wmI
fent to Boflon, and had very little effedl at that Time. Dr.[
Mather^ Anfwer to it, may be feen in his own voluminoiwl
Hiftory, where I am the more willing to let it remain undif-[
turb'd, becaufeit is not at all to the Purpofe. Ifthe^uahn\
tuou'd not roll among the Trained Bands, and pay the Mini-
fters their Dues according to Law, there were Fines andDi-j
ftrefe for them, as'much of that kind as was neceffary, butj
no Jailings, no Whippings, no Banidimcnts.

The City of Bflon was now become very populous. TiM|
Caftk was a ftrong Fortification and Defence, to that and thel

Harbour,!

oje ym

and Af.

you look
ling mitt
our natU'
miflioners
ilege, and
luch totht

ngs, Bla^
; the Sub.
)n Appear,
rates wrote
very 7W/i, 1
Work cer-
)gnofticates '
obeapt
»tn they did I
«, fays the!
Bani(hmcntf i
IcntingMi.
», Mr. Ny;, I
iter to John
"eechinghira
'ejioringjmh I
l.eligm^mi\
xecutmjiK\
upon them,

^he Bijlory c/' New-England.

i'^73.

write parti- 1
the Bap^A
[fthem, w«|
Time. Dr.l
volutninousl
:main undif-I

ly the Mini-I
|nes andDi'j
(ceflary, but!

alous. Tlitl
that and thel

Harbour]

Harbour. Capr. Davenport the Governor was killed there in
his Bed by a Clap of Thunder. Richard Bellingham^ Elcij
Governor of the Malfachufets^ dying towards the latter End
of the Year 1673, John Leverett^ Efq; was chofen to fuc-
cecd him. Two Years before his Death a new Church was J°'j" ^7^'
erected in the City of Bojian, and the Reverend Mr. Thachp.r Gm'nH.^r'of
chofen Pador of it. He was a Phyfician, as well as a Mi- 'J MHk-
nillcr, and fuccelsful in both Faculties. ^ " '*''

' While the Elders, Minifters and Magiftrates were carry-
intr on their Perfecutions againft Baptijisy fakers and
jyitches, Philip, King of the PVampanoags^ was preparing
to cxercife them in a War of another kind. We have men-
tioned his feigned Submiflion, which he intended tt) obferve
Ino longer than till he was ready for an open Rupture. He
jan to keep at a Diftance from the Englijh of Plimouih
Colony, which was next to him ; and the Magiftrates, not
quj-e fo bufied in Ecclefiaftical Matters as the Majfachujeti^
having fome Jealoufy of his Condu£t, fent for him to Taun"
M. This grand Air was very foolifli, if they were noE
iire of their Superiority over him, and if they were, it was
pt very wife in them to lofe it j for it is moft certain that
ie£«j'//}^ united were ftrong enough to have rooted out the
h&am^ unaflilled by the French, had they known how to
ake the beft ufe of their Strength. Philip^ waiting for a King. Philip'
lore favourable Opportunity to fhew his Enmity openly, '-^/^l^'j!!^
omply'd with tTie Demands of the Colony, agreed to pay t//En^uih.
00/. for what Damage the Englijh had fuffer'd by his Sub-
ds, to fend five Wolves Heads every Year, as a Token of
is Fealty to the Colony of Plimouthy and not to make War,
fell any Land?, without their Approbation. Sufficient
arks of his Vaflallage ; but they were all counterfeit, and

» continued his Machinations againft the Englijh. San- John sm-
ma>], before- mention'd, was the Son cf an Indian Convert, '^'"^^^*'"'
ho had been educated in the Chriftian Faith j but, when blcl7e7a
;came to judge for himfelf, he returned to the Religion ^'«'«'«'"'
his Anceftors, and became Secretary to Philip. After
bmc time he came back to the Englijh^ changed his Reli-
[on, and feem*d fo fiiicerc in it, that he was r.dmitted to
[hat is there called Church-memberjhipy i. e. to receive the
krament; after which he was conftituted a Preacher, and
•M upon the Watnpanoag Miflion, in which he got Incelli-
hce of that King's Delign againft the Englijh^ and gave
[oiice of it to the Governor of Plimcuth, of which Phi-
had quick Information, and took fuch Meafures upon
[as Qo^ Sanfaman his Life; for as he was travelling the y"'""*^*
ouDiry alone in the Winter-time, two or three of Philifs *"***

I Men

J 1. «'

''} -A

,-"!

« ■*'l!,i^>

i't -*

i!/>i ■■fell

114

Jlnd at Dr.

^le liijlory oyT New-England.

Men lay in Ambufh for him, and murder'd him as he was i
going over a Pond, throwing him into a Hole in the Ice to
conceal the Fa6t, leaving his Hat and Gun on the Outfide
that it might be thought he had flipt in and was drowri'd-l
but the Governor of Plimouth fufpeding he was murder'/l
order'd his Body to be. dug up, after it had been taken outl
of the Pond and buried, and impannelPd a Jury to fit uponl
it, who, upon examining the Body, found his Neck broke |
the Head very much fwell'd, and Bruifes in fcveral cihell
Parts, upon which they brought in their Verdi(Si; Wiifl
Murder. It is with fome Regret that I mention what foj
lows, becaufe it is extremely weak. " Dr. Mather fays
*' that when Tobias^ one of King Philip's Counfellors, who
** was fufpeded of the Murder, apprpached the Body,
Zl'tll'nmh'l^*' ^^^^ ^ bleeding; and that, upon repeating the Experimen
of the Mnu " fevctal times, it always bled afrefli." Old Women and QilJ
dcTe\ ^ren have this foolifh Conceit, which was formerly inculcatcJ
by thofe that were wifer, with a good Defign to find out tbj
Criminal by his Terror, at the Belief of fuch a Report, i|
having been common for fuch a one to fhake at approachiii
the Carcafs, and thereby be drawn into Confcffion; m
Men in their Wits will believe that the Approach of ih
guilty Perfon would asfoonraife the Dead to Life, as ma
him bleed once and again. *Tis ridiculous, and the Juftiq
of Peace, tho' in the Region of Witchcrafts would not con
mic Tobias on that Evidence j but Patuckfov^ another l\
diav^ coming in, and fwearing that he faw him and hisSa
kill poor Sanfaman^ together with Mattajhinamy^ a third /J
diatiy they were feized, imprifon'd, and, after a fair Trial by]
Jury, halUndians, were convif^edand executed.

;i ;i. ;. ;

CHAP. III.

Frorr King Philip's, or the Second Indian Wi
to the Troubles and Executions about Wl
craft.

Containing the Space of i8 Years.

p HI Lip's Refentment for the banging two of hisCa
-* fellors, quickned his Refolution to break with the£j
lijh intirely, i^nd revenge himfelf for all the Affironts they I

I^he Hijlory of New-England.

put upon him j and truly, if we look upon him as a So-
vereign, independent of any other Prince or People, abfolute
in his Kingdom, valiant and enterprising, one /hall wonder
how he bore with them fo long ; for 'tis plain they dealt with
himss their Vaflal. They forbad him to fell his Lands with-
out their Leave, or to make War with any of his Neighbours
till he had Permiflion from them. They fent for him to their
Courts, as our Country Juftices would fend for an Offender
by his Conftables. The Indians are not now the Men they tu Indians
were when Mr. Winjlmi) the Father fir ft went amongft them.";' ''*' "*'*'
T\icEngliJh had been amongft them between 5b and 60 ^'^'^.^'"^
Years, and had taught them many of their Cuftoms, one very
(iangerous, the Ufe and Practice of Arms. They were almoft
every where intermix'd with the EngUJh Plantations on the
Borders, and thofe that could be at the Charge drefled and
lived like the Engl'ijh. Several thoufands of them were be-
come Chriftians, which was the greateft Advantage the Eng-
lijh had againft them ; for the new Converts were very faith-
ful to the Chriftians, and fought in their and their own Dc-
[ fence as chearfully and as fuccefsfuUy as the EngUJh ihemfelves.

While the War was brooding between Philip and the

I Colony of Plimoutb, there was an Execution at Bo^on, very

remarkable at that time, but in ours made familiar by

the Frequency of it. Some villainous Seamen on board a

[Ship, bound from the Streights to London, feized the Mafter

land fome of his Officers, and turned them out into the

I Long-boat, with a fmall Quantity of Provifions, about 100

Leagues to the Weft of the Spanijh Coaft, and then made

I with the Ship for New-England. The Mafter and thofe

Iwith him in the Long-boat were forced to drive before the

[wind, which brought them alfo to the Port where his Men

vere juft com^ before him. Thefe two Companies were

very much furprized at meeting each other j the Mafter im-

nediately apply'd to the Government to have his Crew ar-

^efted, and it was done. They were tried and condemned piratet

for Piracy, and their Ringleaders hanged. The Chief oihaugd,,

hem was one Foreji, who faid at the Gallows, / have been

mong draiun Swords^ flying Bullets^ and roaring Cannons, a-

non^fi all which I knew not what Fear meant j but I now have

frtadful Apprehenjions of the IVrath of God in the other IVorld

'^am going into, my Soul within me is amazed at it.

King Philip's chief Refidence was near Mount Hope, and

[hereabouts began the Ads of H(»ftility. Some of his Men

Intered and plundered a neighbouring EngUJh Plantation,

vhere an Englijhman firing his Piece, wounded an Indian,

The Governor of Plimouth fent to know the Reafon of this

I 2 Violence^

'■^.'»?

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ii6

7J&^ Hlflory o/' New-England.

T67^

tr/r- Philip

Violence; but, inftead of rubmitting, as before, the Indians
encer'd the Town ot Swanfey by Night, and killed fix Men
hiving murder'd three the Day before, zs they were work'
ii g the Fields.

The War being thus begun, Mr. WinJloWy Governor of
Plimouth, fent Advice of it to the other Colonies, Maja-
chufetSy Conneilkut and Ntwhaven^ and demanded Afliftance
according to the Articles of Confederacy. The Majfachujeu
t'ifpitch'd away Capt. Prentice with a Troop of Horfe, and
Capt. Henchman with a Company of Foot, who were follow'd
by a Company of Volunteers under Capt. Mofeleyy whojoin'd
the Plimouth Foi ccs, commanded by Capt. Cudworth, at Swan-
fey. A Party ( f i2 Men were fent towards Mount Hope^ia
look out the Fneuiy, who from behind the Bufhes fliot one
of the Eng/i/h, wounded another, and then took to their
Heels. The next Morning all the Englijh came up with the
Indians^ and ofFer'd them Battle, which they avoided, and
having ftood one Fire only, fled, and abandoned their Coun.
try to the Mercy of the Englijh^ who immediately tookPof. I
feffion of Mount Hope, and ravaged the Parts adjacent. Capt, j
Prentice^ with the Majfachufet Forces, march'd intathe Nar. I
;77_g-««//^/ Territories, to require them peremptorily to renounce
all Alliances with Philip, and enter into a League ofFenfive and
defenlivi with the EngUft), which they did, and figned Articles |
of Peace, July iq, obliging themfelves to aflift the Eni^
K'VP'i'\F'^againll Philip and all their Enemies. The Englifl), for theirl
^ 20 Iw.i. ^Encouragement, promiled them twenty good Coats for?i/,
///)'s Head, and two Coats for every PVampanoag that then
fhould deliver up to theEngli/h alive, and one Coat if dead. I
Caf^t Ci;d- Capt. Cudworth, a brave Man, was fent with theP/J
^TT!'1'^ f^"^^^ Forces to fecure the Pocajfets, and prevent their joinj
Jil« </«/A7'<iiiiS with Philip ; but they had taken Arms before he catnej
near them, and he was not ftrong enough to reduce them by
Fo'ce. That this Gentleman was no Quaker appears bi
his Military Employment, and that the Magiftrates thoughi
him none, by their applying to him for his Service in tl
V^ar, when they wanted it : Yet becaufe like a truly g!
l.int and generous Man he detefted the narrow Spirit of Per.
ficutJon, and treated the Quakers with his wonted Humanitf,
iec how the Eiders, Minifters and Magiftrates ufed hira,
by his Letter, December lo, 1^58. Ai for the Stale ei
Condition of things here amongf} us, it is fad, and like tt
continued, the Jnti-chrifiian perfecuting Spirit is very a^'ml
and that in the Powers of this IVorld, He that mlU
whip and lajh, perfecute and punifh Men that differ in i
Urs 0/ Religion, muji not fit m the Bench, nor fufiaina

He Hiflory o/' New- England. 1 17

Office In the Commonwealth. Laji EleR'ton^ Mr. Haiherly
and mjfilf left off the Bench^ and I was difcharg:d of my Cap-
ia'mftnp', becaufe I had entertained f me Quakers in my Houfc^
ihat I might be the better acquainted with their Prif/cip/es. I
thought it better fo to do^ than^ with the blind World, cenfure^
cmdemrif rail at and revile them, ivhen they neither faw their
PirfonSf nor knew any of their Principles j but the .Quakers
and tnyfelf cannot clofe in Divine things, and fo I fignified to
the Court I was no ^aker, &CC. The whole Letter was
printed by Mr. Neal, and I believe it will be difficult to
nnd, in all Dr. Mather's voluminous Book, any one Piece
I fo lenlibly and handfomly written, fo free from trifling and
I tautology, to fay no worfe.

Capt. Fuller and Capt. Church, with two fmall Detach-
Iments, having been fcouring the Woods, were intercepted
byaHody of Indians, twenty times their Number; and the
I Reader will obferve, that the greateft Mifchief the Indians
[did the EngUJh was by Ambufcades and Surprizes. The
jlatter, or their Confederates the Converts muft furely
Iknow the Country as well as the other Indians j and the
[Advantage the latter took of them by fuch Surprize and
Imbufcades mult therefore be in a great meafure ow-
ing to the Rafhnels and Precipitation, if not the Igno-
ance of the EngUJh. I muft own that I coulc' not, without
fome kind of Indignation, fee them fo often fiilling into the
Traps of the Indians. Capt. Fuller and his Men fled to a
little Houfe near the Coaft, which they defended till they
mt fetch'd off in a Sloop to Rhode Ifland. Capt. Churchy
mh 15 Men, was furrounded in a Peafe Field by 200 /«-
^ans; yet he cleared hinifelf of them, got to the Water-
pde, and was fetched ofF alfo in a Sloop to Rhode Ifland, the
at of the War being chiefly on the Coaft over-againftit.
The Commanders of the Forces of the Colonies having Irv-
^lligence that King Philip was in a Swamp on Pocaffet Neck,
ptween Rhode'V\2xA and Monument -Bzy, about 18 Miles
torn Taunton, where they quarter'd, a Council of War was
eld, and it was refolved to befiege him in it. The Forces
foke up from Taunton three Days after the figning of the
eace with the Narragantfets, and marched diredtly to the
hk, where they bravely enter'd the Thicket ^ but the In-
tans fired briskly from behind it, and killed five of them,
[d then made off^, and the EngUJh did the fame, thinking
ey could not attack them in the Swamp but with great
Ifadvantage. They therefore made a Blockade of 200 Men, j(,„;,|i>hiii^
po fecured the feveral Avenues to it, and fent a Detach- /'^tft^fV?' -p,"
pu to the Relief of Mendham in Suffolk County, where

1 3 the

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75^^ Hijlory o/* New-England.

the Nipmuck Indians were maki' , terrible Spoil. PJAllp
himfelf was intheThiclcet» block'd up by the Englijh^ whole
wonted Intrepidity forfook them on that Occafioni for had
they puih'd their Attack as refolutely as might have been ex-
pedted from them, he muft have furrender'd, and, to avoid
being ftarved by the Blockade, as the Englijh had projedled
he had Recourfe to a' Stratagem. A large River ran by the
Side of the Thicket, v/hich part of the Blockade were or-
der'd to have an Eye uponj but Philip having cut (icwn
foijie Rafts of Tirnber, crofled the River upon fhem in tiie
Deid of the Night, when the Tide was low, wiihout being
obferved by the Blockaders^ and efc^ped v^ith trioi': o*" bis
Men into the Nipmuck Territories. Thofc rhat wese left
behind, above loo, furrendcrd at Difcrction By thefethe
A'wg-////; underftood Pbit'ipwds iV.pt from tliem; they purfued
him by the Direction of the Ai^ begin, or Neu^-yirk Indion\
but could not come up with him. About ^o of his Iv1?,i,
who lagg'd behind, were cut oiJj and the War \v<?s, by jii,
Fliglu, removed to the 'Nipmucks^ uhofe TeTiton.? were
between ConneSiicut and Hudfou\ River, now New-York.
Theie Nip:>iucks killed four Men at Mendham, which began
the Hci^»'«tits in the MaJptchufetSy the Government of which
Colony were willing to bring them to Reafon by a Treaty,
ioi which Purpofe they fent Capt. HuUhinfon and Cape.
iVhcder to confer with them. They ftom'd at firft to in- ,
cline to an Accommodation ; but Philip and his Men being
come to fupport them, they fired upon Capt. Huuhhijm I
i^nd thofe that were with him from an Ambufcade, wounded!
the Captain, and killed 8 of his Men j the reft fled to ^a-
boagy or Roch field ^ a Village about 70 Miles from Boftm., io]
the Road to ConneSiicut. Philip^ who had much augment-
ed his Forces, purfued them ; and finding the Englijh, to thel
Number of about 70, were retired to a Houfe which they J
were refolved to defend, he fet Fire to all the other Houfesl
in ^ahoag, and attempted to burn that in which were tJiel
Body of the Engli/h, Having attack'd in vain, he threw]
Firebands into it, made of Rags tied to the End of Pola
dipt in burning Brimftone, which having little or no EfFeflJ
he caufed a Cart to be filled with Flax, Hemp, and oth
cotnbuftible Matter, which his Men pufli'd on with lond
Poles, fpliced one to another, which would certainly havj
anfwcr'd his End, had not a great Rain fuddenly falliil
and cxtinguilh'd the Fire in the Machine before
took the Houfe. Thofe within it behaved with wool
derful Bravery, and were at laft relieved by Major M
lard, who by Accident heard of their Difirefs, whentlj
f , farm

The Hiflory c/" New-England.

119

fartheft Party of the Forces of the Colony were within a Day
or two's March of them. He had not quite 50 Men with
him ; but coming upon the Indians in the Night, when they
were in full Security, as they imagined, he killed above 80
of them, and drove the reft into the Woods. Philip retreat-
ed towards the Nipmuck Country. Capt. Lathrop and Capt.
Biers having joined the Conne£iicut Forces, under Major
Tr^tf/, march'd after to obferve him. The Governor having •
Kotice that the Savages, bordering on that Colony to the
South- Weft, were in Motion, fent an Officer with a Party
to demand Hoftages ; but Philip was beforehand with him,
^* ,,d had fo far prevailed with the People, that they mutiny'd.
vv^hen the King fliewed an Inclination to keep Peace with /^« Indian
|the Colony, and finding him dciiiiiiiined not to break with ^'<^ I"'"-
\mEnglifh^ they murder'd him, abandoned :heir Houfes, w;.!i^w'*
' nd joined Philip and the Nipmucks. Capt. Lathrop and f/« Engl iih.
[Capt. Beers endeavouring to prevent their Intention, purfued
Ithem, and came up with them at a Place called by the Eng-'
Sugar Loaf Hill, 10 Miles above Hatfield in Hampjhire,
Iwhere they skirmiftied with them, kill'd 26, with the Lofs of
lio of their own Men. The reft of thofe Savages efcaped to
whofe Courage and Condudt in this War are as wor-
Ithy of Praife as the heroick Adions of the great Captains of
bdquity, making due Allowances for Numbers, Riches and
iges.

By this time the Savages in all the feveral Colonies were
I Arms. The Town of Deerfield is moft within Land of
ny in Conne&icut Colony, and the Savages laid all the Houfes
f the Plantations thereabouts in Aflies. The Inhabitants of
he Town fliut themfelves up in a flight Fortification raifed in
lafte, and the Indians did not think fit to attack them, buc '
|ew 8 Men in the Woods at Squakbeag, Capt. Beers^ with
I Party of 36 Men, was fent to fetch off the Garrifon at
)tirfield, and other frontier Places j but he was intercepted
w the Savages, and cut to Pieces with 20 of his Covrnpuny, Capt.Bteit
he reft efcaped to Hadley. Major Trm/ was difpatched with*'''*'''"
larger Detachment to bring off the Englijh in thofe out
llantations, which was done in fuch Hafte, that they came
U) without their Corn, which lay threfli'd at Deerfield,
[0 fetch this, Capt. Lathrop^ with a Party of Men, convoy'd
jme Carts } and, September 15, was furrounded by the In-
THe Captain thinking he (hould come oft beft by

1676

\ans.

ping behind Trees, as the Savages did, expofed his Men

: llaughter'd. For the Indians being better Markfmen,

them down one after another; whereas, if they had

ipc in a Body, they might have broke through them to fome

I4.

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120

':ii"

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i^-fiv

I «

'«';l

The Hijlory o/New-Eng!and.

of the nciahbourinK Garrifons

, but, by this fatal Midab

f,f»' La himlc'.f atid 70 of his Men, the Flower of E/px^ vvcre

fnci'iii '^ '"^ ^'"'^» which was the greateft Lofs the Colonies had yet met

k.ud, wirh. Capt. Mo/fly^ hearing the Noife of the Fire, haften'd

to the Relief of Capt. Latbrop j and tho' he came too late

he briskly charged the Indians^ and flew at'ovc 100 of theni'

with the Lofs of only two of the Engli/h.

Nocwithft "ng the Savages to the VVeftward, bordering
on ConneSficut River, had given Hoftages for their preferv.
ing the Peace; yet, encourged by their late Succefs agrinft
Cape. Latbrop, they fell upon Springfield in Hampjblre^ i leir
Hoftages having found Means to make their Efcape. They
burnt 32 Houfes, and, among others, that of Mr. Gkvir'
the Minifter, with his good Library. All the Inhabitants!
there had been naaflacred, had not Toto^ an honcft hdim
given them timely Notice of the Savages coming, upon
which they retired ioto thfc fortify'd Places in the Town
which they made a fliift to defend, till Capt. y^pphton ciime I
up with his Force;, and then the Indians made off. For the
Prefervation of hampfnire^ which was molt expofed to the
Ravages of the Enemy, the Government of New-En^UnA
order'd all the Forces in the Conne^icut Colony to rendei-
vous about Hadley^ Northampton 'itnd Hatfield, FronticrTowns,
which being done before the Indians had Intelligence of jr
800 of them fell upon Hatfield^ and met with fo warma ReccpJ
tion, that they were not only beaten off, but pufh'd inro C'A
met i cut River, where a great many of them were drown'dj
and this Repuife was fuch a Check to them, that they gavel
over infefting thofe Wcftern Plantations, and retreating iniJ
Narragontj'eti Country, were there fheker'd, contrary toj
the Articles of Peace, which the Commiflioners of thjl
United Colonies voted to be a Breach of it \ and, upon InJ
formation that thofe Narrogantjets intendcJ to join in
\^'ar againft them next Spring, they order'd 'J'ifiab WufA
Efq; Governor of PHmoutb^'mih 100 Men, half of themj
Alajfachufeth^ and \\A{ ConnetlicuCz 2Lnd Plimjutb\ to invad^
the Country of the Narragantfitt. and deftroy it with Fir;
and Sword. Winjloxv pafled the River Patuxet the Beginning
of December^ having for his Guiuc one Peter, who, bytiii
Na-ne, ihould be a Cbrijiian, and who having received tbi,«
Dilguil from his Couhtrymen the Narrugan{feiSy\\[\Q<lm^
the Englfij, who burnt 150 If^igwams^ kill'd 7 Imiitim.M
took 8 Prifoners, Capr. Prentice being fent with his Troopj
to PtUquamjet. brought bade News, that the Enemy h
burnt Mr, Baits (Jarnfbn-Hourej kili'd 10 Men and 5 Wo
men iind Chiidr^^n, the i<>[h of December. The fame Da)l

5 m

Oenrral
Wiiflnv

f'-'-d'li-i rbf

Nvrag» t-
Icu.

Tie Hiftory of New-England.

lit

Lo Mohegin Indians \o\xC^ the Army under General fVinflow^
who marched up into the Counrry 16 Miles to attack an In-
\hn For^ raifed on an Ifland in the Midft of an horrible
Iswamp, a^^^ '^ w*^ accelTible but one way, to which Peter
Idircftcd the Englijh, who refolved ro ftorm it immcHiacely. *
iDpt. Mofely and Capt. Davenport led the Van of the MajJ'a-
yyfet Forces, Capt. Gardner and Capt, Johnfon were in the
Icenter, Major Jppleton and Capt. Oliver brought up the
iRear General Winjlow^ with the Plimouth Forces, was in the
Icenter of the whole Army, and Major Tieaty Capt. Gallops
ICapt' Sf^bt Cape. Mafon and Capt. JVillis b jught up the
^ear with the Conneilicuts. They enter'd the Swamp, and
creiTed forwards, as Peter directed them, to a Breach, which
hey mounted with great Intrepidity, receiving the Fire of
[he Enemy from the Blockhoufe. The Savages defended the
breach fo refolutely, that fix valiant Captains of the Eng- 6 EnglA
m Davenport, Gardner, John/on, Gallop, Senly and ^'^^'^^-lli^*
yd fell in the Attack. The Death of thefe Officers, in-
Head of difcourtgiiig, inflamed the Spirits of their Soldiers,
vbo beat the Enemy from one Cover'd Way to another,
ithey had driven them out of all their Fences into a va(l
iar Swamp at looie Dillance, after which they fee Fire to
|he Fort, and levell'd the Fortifications, which were the moll
gular the Indians ever raifed j and the Reader will obferve,
hat the Englijh had not to do with a Parcel of naked, ftupid,
atbarous Creatures, fuch as dwelt in the Wilderneffes
i?hen Sir Francis Drake came hither ; but with a People
hat underftood how to provide for themfelves as well as
hey did, had they the fame Conveniencies and Commo-
(itiK. Seven hundred fighting Men of the Indians perifti'd A grett
thisAdtion, among v/hom were above 20 of their chief '^'"f*^^
aptains, befides 300 that died of their Wounds, and j'« ° ***
aft Number of Men, Women and Children, who had
(fowded into the Fort, as thinking it impregnable, and there
erilh'd. Of the Englijh, 85, with the 6 Captains, were
(ird, and 150 wounded. This was a very gallant Adion,
pdche Memory of it ought to be preferved, for the Honour of
ofethat were engaged in.it. 'Tis plain the Savages could
kake nothing of it in the War with the Englijh, when the
[tter came againft them in great Bodies j but being fwif: of
Dotj and capable of enduring the Hardihips of a Winter
ampaign, they did a great deal of Mifchief while the Chri-
\ani were in Quarters; efpecially after they had received
lecruits from the French at Canada. With thefe Recruits Tht French
|ey burnt the Town of Mendham, after the Inhabitants had '^'fi ''"^ ,^
iferted it. They carried oflf 200 Sheep 50 Head of neatyjEngiuh.

Cattle,

4' !

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i ■ ■! '

^1!

7be Hiftory of New- England.

>■• !

</ nff*,:'

h m

Cattle, and ij Horfcs from one Farm, Mr. Carptnter\
which (hews us that the Farmers here had as good Stocks a»
thofe in England^ where few have more Horfes and nsy
Cattle. They plunder'd .the Town of Lanca/hr^ burnt fcvc I
4si:nplin» ral Houfes, and carried 42 Perfons into Capriviiy, atriQ^J
""■'"'''•"* whom was the Wife and Children of Mr. Rkhanlfon the
Minifter, who was at Bo/ion foliciting Succours, and, athij
Return, found his Houle and Library in Allies, and hJ
whole Family carried into Slavery by the Barbarians^ wiio
had, ferae Days before, been obliged to quit the Place
which is \\\ Middltjex County. From thence they went to I
Afarlborough^ Sudbury and Chelmsford^ in the Heart of the
M(,jja<hufttu and near enough to Bnjlm to alarm that City.
At all thefe Places they did much Mifchicf to the Inhabitants
but little Good to themfelvcs, their Maiches being very hifty I
Two or three hundred of them furprized Medficld^ \'^l\A
folk County^ burnt half the Town, fcarce 20 Miles from
BoJIon^ and kill'd 20 of the Inhabitants. I'he whole Town
of Groton in Middlefex was alfo laid in Adies by them, the
Inhabitants being retired into the Fortifications ^ and theSa-
vages cry'd to the Garrifon, IVbat will you do for a IhultA
fray in^ now we have burnt y^ur Meeting-houfe (' There feerajl
to be Want of Conduct on the Part of the Englijh^ who hid |
the Numbers, and the Arms, and the Ammunition,
Confederates, who knew the Country as well as their Enfrl
my. The Towns thus infulted and deftroy'd were within thcj
Compafs of a few Miles, three or four, of one anothei,
all ot them within a Day or two's March of the Capital CiiyJ
Molt cerrainly they might have had fuch a large Garrifon lal
the midft of them, as would immediately have been in witfal
the Savages, who had dared to infult them, and might verjl
foon have had Notice of their Coming j but their dividiDgl
their Strength in fo many little Forts, broke the Main of J
and expofed them to thefe Mifchiefs. Mr. Neal writes,, m
Cold was fo extreme this f Winter y that the Englifli durjl krijl
look out of their ^tarter s. If their Chillincfs is an Excufefofj
their Negligence, then my Refledion is groundlefs an
blameable.

When the Spring was pretty forward, Capt. Demifon^^
about JO Englijh, and 100 Confederate Indiain^ tookacl
flew 76 of the Enemy, among whom were fome Sachen
and Segamores. A Party of Comecilcuts took and flew
without any Lofs. Among the Prifoners was Canmkt\
Son of A/.-antonimo, firft Sachem of the Narraganifeis.
came to Bojion fix Months before, to conclude a Peace v/itl
the Colcny j but as foon as he go: home, fpread the Fla

123

^e Hijlory o/'Ncw-England.

\Var over his Country. The En^lijh^ in Revenge of
iiPcrWy, deliver'd him to their Indian Allies the Mohocks^
1k) had had a long Quarrel wich his Father and him, and
cycut off his Head, which anfv;cred t vo Purpofes, it rid
jiH of a dangerous Enemy, and mad .he Mohoch and
)larrogantfeti irreconcileable. Thefe Mohocks have been in
jliancc with fhe Englijh 60 or 70 Years, and are fo ftill,
hich renders them worthy of all Encouragement from us.
King Philip was all this while very bufy among the In- PhiHn/?ff
p Nations, to engage them in the War againft the '*' !^* J'."*
J'ljh'y but the Way he took to draw in the Maquas ended '''^'"'^' ""'
his Deftru6lion, and that of his Nation and Confederates.
hen he retired among the Maquas^ after his Eicape from
Thicket, they received him friendlily ; but not being
forward to confederate with him in his War, he thought
draw them into it by this Stratagem : He walked into the
oods, and meeting fome of the Maquas at a Diftance frcn
t another, he murder'd them with his own Hands, and
nning in great Hafte to the Prince of the Maquas, told
the Plimoutb Soldiers had invaded his Territories, and
led feverai of his Subjeds in the Woods. This enraged
Sachem and his Savages, and would have effedually an-
tfdPhilip^s Purpofe,if one of the Men whom he thought he
murder'd had not fo far recovered of his Wounds as to be
lie to crawl home to his Friends, and inform them of the
latter before he died. Upon which the Maquas conceiv-
fuch an implacable Hatred againft Philip^ that they rc-
ved not only to continue their Alliance with the Englijh^
it to ad feparately againft him and his Confederates, which
y did next, and gave them fuch a powerful Diveriion, that
could no longer make head againft the Englijh; but
e fmall Parties of Savages broke hito their Plantations for
inder, and frightned the Inhabitants of Plimoutb^ Taunton^
nlmsford^ Concord^ Havenhill, Bradford and JVooburn ; but
them little Damage. Several of them were killed
r Plimoutb and Mtdfiild, and two Engltjh Boys, who had
ide their Efcape from them, giving Information that a Party
Savages lay in great Security near the upper Falls of Cort"
'imt River, Capt. Turner, with 180 Men haften'd thither,
'd 100 of them upon the Spot, and puih'd as many into
River. He paid dearly for his Vidory afterwards ; for he
18 of his Men falling into an Ambufcade, were cut to
CCS by the Enemy, who attempting to fire the Town of
\dgwater, were beaten off by the Inhabitants. Some little ^' ind;an§
ne after, they made an Aflault upon Hatfield-^ but were re- 1"^'^^^
M with the Lo^ of 25 Men. A Party of the Majja- mil ^'

cbufit

/■.:

!lJ ♦"

' -i

m ■

1 1

':!)■ I

li"!

r. 'IT

'M\

^•«ii

■ ■.n

124

^he Hiftory of New Englaml.

chufit Forces killed 40, and another of the Con>u%,,f\
100 Indians. Major ToUot cnrer'd the Narragantfet Country |
and cut off 360. Thcfe Misfortunes, and \\\c Famine jj
Thtj^txn which the Savages were reduced, for wane of minding thdr
frfrfiD/y/r#/i Karvcft, fo diftrefs'd them, that 200 of tht 1 "ariic toP/,.|
mouthy and fubmitted to Mercy. That Government p^r.
don'd all but three, who being convidcd byoncof thcii ownj
Company of a cruel Murder and villainous Alfault un ih(|
Houfe of Mr. Clark of that Town, were executed.

The Government of ihcMaJJachufets put our a Proclamj,!
tion, offering Pardon to all Indians that fubmitted in ij
Days, which had a good Effe£t.

About the fame time, Philip^ at the Head of acoSava^h
affaulted the Town, and met with fo refolute a I^efiihnce
the Inhabitants having Intelligence of his coming by a N^^
gro, that he retreated j and, not knowing where to go fori
iihelter, took to his old Qimrters about Mount Hrpc^ in M
Jurifdidion of Plimouth^ where he had like to have rurprizejl
Major Bradford in an Ambulh ; but the Major clifengjgeij
himfelf without any Lofs, and marched into the Territory ofl
Jli$dfubmli,\}neSaconftSf whofe Queen, with 90 of her Subjects, cainel
to him, laid down their Arms, and fubmitted to Mercy. Captj
Church, with no more than 1 8 EngHJh and 2 1 Confcdcraiel
Indians worfted the Enemy in four feveral Kngagrments,with.|
out the Lofs of one of his Men. A Party of Savages venturin?i
in the Majfachufets fo far as Dcdham, within a few Milesof fi;J
ton, was attack'd by 26 Englijh, and 10 Confederate Iiid'anJ
who took 50 of them ; among whom was Powham^ a mi^hJ
Narragantfet Sachem^ who, tho' he was fo wounded that hd
was left for dead, yet when one of the Englifl) came to m
him, he got hold of the Hair of his Head, and would hiva
kiird him, if fome of his Friends had not come to his h
lief. At thr latter End of Julyt a Segamore of the Nipnmi
Indians, with 180 of his Men, laid down his Arms; andj
< * to ingratiate himfelf with the Englifh, brought in Prilbner M^

ioonas and his Son. Mntoonas was the firft Savage ihatap
peared in Arras in the Majfachufets fincc this War, for whid
the Engujh order'd "John the Aipmiick Segamore to ihoot hie
and he immediately fhot him. The Son was pardon'd. Iij
the famt Month, a fmall Furty of Englijh marching out c
Bridgwater, in Pitmouth County, fell in with a Company!
Indians, with Philip at their Head. Philip commanda
his Men to iirej but their Pieces being wet would not |
off; upon which they took to their Heels, and the Enflt%
purfuing them killed 10, and took 15 Prifoners, with a ^
Booty. Auguj} I, Capt. Churchy with about 30 tniUpi

The Hijlory 0/ New-England. 125

jiConfitlcratc Jiuiianf^ took 2^ Savages, and the next Morn-
L llirpri^ctl King Philip in his new Quarters, killed 1^0 of
liMcn, ami took his Wife and Son Prifoncrs, himiclt hard-
ly dcaping.

■ Ijy all this we perceive, that the War of the Indians is a
oft CJamc to them ; ihty arc reduced to the laft Extremity,
ndthcir AlVociatcs and Ncipjhbours forfake and betray them.
^11 Indian Defer ter came to ^Taunton^ and gave Information
lilt the Hody of the Enemy was in the neighbouring Woods.
nil might eafily be furpri/.ed; upon which the EngliJI) fally'd
lit upon them, and brought in z6 Prifoners. In the Skir-
[iHi which happcn'd here, ihc brave Queen of Pocaffet ani- '^*' ^Zi""? ^
Led her Men wirh her Prefence as long as there was any 'iJ'^""^^«i
Lie of Succefs : but being traiteroufly deferted by them, Death.
fled to her Canoe, hoping ["to pafs the River j but not
ling it ready, flie attempted to crofs it on a Piece of
fimber, which giving under her, flie was drown'd. Her
dy was thrown afliore Ibmc time after at Metapoifet^ where
inilifh finding it, cut off the Head, not knowing whofe
Hvas, and fet it up on a Pole in Taunton^ which the Indians
eing, made hideous Howlings and Lamentations for her.
W/;^, her Kinfman and Confederate, was foon after be-
jiywi by one of his own l''ricnds and Counfellors, who be-
g difgufted at him for killing an Indian who only venn^red
I meniion to Him an Expedient for making a Peace with the
), ran away to Rhode-IJJandy and informed Capt.
]Lurch where he was, and how he might be iurprized.
\?hiiip fufpctSed this Savage's Treafon as foon as he mifs'd
n, and communicated his Sufpicion and his Dreams con-
lingit to his Friends. Capt. Churchy with a fmall Party,
Irpriiing him and his few Attendants in a Swamp, Phi-
I attempted to make his Efcape out of it ^ but an Engli/hman

an Indian firing at him, the Englijhman*s Piece being Klnji Phiiip
|{t, did not go off, but the Indian Hiot him through thc-J'."'*^''"'*"-
art, Augujl the 1 zth, 16-] 6. His Body was quartered and '*"'
I upon Poles, and his Head was carried in Triumph to Pli-
nth, where his Skull is preferved as a Curioficy to be feen hi* skuii
Ithis Day. , /'"»»" '»' '*<*

lln his murdering the Maquas and his Counfellor, who ^'*^'
ppofed a Treaty to him, the Barbarian was uppermoft,
his End fuitable to his Guilt ; but in the Beginning and
[ufe of the War, his Love of Liberty and his forming his
Wederacy, there was nothing barbarous and unbecoming
good Prince, and true Lover of his Country. The /«-
[w in the Eajhrn Parts of New- England had more juft
avocations to quarrel with the Engl^ than thofe in the

Wejiern

'%\

%-^

126

'i^

tne New-
England
Warm the

];» '^■

■.::"P-r:»

cc
cc

cc
cc
cc

7%e WJlory £/" New-England.

Weflern and Southrn had. Mr. A'i?^?/ opens the Account
the War in the Eaji thus.

** The Indians bordering on the Provinces of Maine ant
NeW'HampJhire^ lying beyond Pifcataqua River, had dri^
ven a very profitable Trade with the Ei^lijh^ who
had fettled there from the MajfachufeU, They weri
without the Line of that Charter, and confequently a dil
tindt Government by themfelves, tho' the Proprietors \i
never any Grant from the Crown." And I mult needs owr,
I do not fee that they wanted any, unlefsit was to impowt
them to exercife Authority over their Fellow-Subjeds. I (jj
not think, with that Author, that they omitted to byil
Towns purely for being fo intent upon Trade j but becauj
they were willing to fee how they fliould like the Count
before they fettled in it for good. He adds, *' They cheate
•' the Natives in the moft open and barefaced Manner ii
^ ginable, and treated them like Slaves, of which they wt
** enough fenfible ; and within a Month after 'he breakit
** out of the Philippick War, they gave the Englijl to .
" derftand, they would bear their Infulcs no longer." C«
tainly thefe Men of New-Hamp/hire and Maine did d:
come to New-Englaud only to propagate the Gofpel, or
joy j5he Liberty of theii Confciences, Fraud and Opprd
bei% the Reverfe of fuch pious Sentiments, and as irrea
cileable as Angels of Light and Darknefs. The Engliji
Indians began the Rupture with giving one another
Words, which foon came to Blows, and turned from Scuii]
to Battling. The Savages being encouraged by the Exam}
of the WampanoagSy Narragantfets^ Nipmucks, Sacmls
PocaJ/ets, fell upon the Englijh^iS often as they had a fair
portunity, and, after three or four Months skirmilhing
which they loft 90 and the Englijh 50 of their People, ti
came down out of the ^Woods and broke in upon
Englijh Plantations, near IVells^ in the County of Mais,
ihey burnt Capt. Bonithon's Houfe to the Ground, and
fieged Major Philips*s\ but the Major, with 10 Men 01
fo bravely defended it, that the Savages retired, with the I
of 20 or 30 of their Company. From thence they went
Cafco, and murder'd Mr. JFakely and 5 Women and

I next Day fu
Vjl) with hii
land fome c
Tlie Savag
land the Jact
(quitted the
\iaboc Riverj
The Gov(
\ik Englijh '
junderthe C
(others, who
[plundering I
(them all Prifi
i2oo, were fc
'were execute
lome upon f
This Blow
lor and Cour
eedon aboi
lip, between 1
'isMug, a
ere ib ill pe
fend Major Z/'
fpecially with
:he Savages bd
ly of them, t
'ith no othct
his Men.
oncluded, th(
ho were to
dians, and,
:iiit Kent for
Irierors of thof
We Confidcr
Such was th
ear and fix or
ut 3000 Indi
'pare the Lof]
cfe diey loft.

dren |of his Family. They kill'd Capt. Lake, at AnmfJ^d the Indians

Ifland in Kennebec k-Kiwtv, and as many Englijh as cam^

their Way. At Oi^er-Kivei they burnt the two CM

Houfes, and killed two Men. A fmall Party fent by Lij

tenant Plaijied to the Affiftance of the Englifh ihereal)

fell into an Ambulh, three of them were killed, and

reft efcaped with great Difficulty, Plaijied was himfelfl

[emfelves, Fai
W'Jh finding
V^'HampJhire
tended their
w^'thin a fe\i
) ^tedick^ &

i.fl •;«

7he Hi/lory o/' New-England.

127

next Day Turrounded by 150 Indians ; he having but ^6 Eng-

I'lil) with him, moft of which got ofFj but the Lieutenant,

and fome of the braveft of his Followers, 'oft their Lives. 7^' Sav^f^es

The Savages came uown in fuch Numbers on the £;7^/;y/),^""-''"^**^*

and the latter were fo ill provided to receive them, that they

quitted the Plantations about Sheep/cot^ Kennebeck^ and Saga'

iaboc Rivers.

The Government at Bo/ion, being informed of the Diflrefis
^tEngliJh were in, fent a Body of Men to their Relief,
under the Command of Captain Hauthorn, Captain Syll, and
[others, who furprifed 400 Indians^ as they were bufy in
plundering Major IValderen^s Houfe at ^uochecho^ and took
Ithem all Prifoners. Thofe that were taken in Arms, about
200, were fold for Slaves, and the reft, except a few that
Iwere executed for having been guilty of Murder, were fenc
lome upon Promife of living peaceably for the future.
This Blow difpofed the Savages to treat with the Gover-
lor and Council of the Maffachufets j and Articles were a-
eed on about three Months after the Death of King Phi-
)), between them and the Sachems oi Penobfcot, whofe Agent
fas Mug, a known Villain j and accordingly the Articles
ere lb ill performed, that the Majfachufets were obliged to
lid MzjoT fFa/deren^ with 200 Men, to fee them executed,
Ipecially with refpeft to the Releafe of the Captives : But
the Savages being obftinate in the Refufal, he fired on a Bo-
ly of them, took feveral Prifoners, and returned to Bojim^
iith no other Laurel^ fays my Author, than that he kji none
his Men. Soon after this, a Sort of general Peace was
concluded, the Terms not very honourable for the Englijh^
ho were to allow a certain ^itantity of Corn yearly to the
idians, and, what I think was no great Hardship, pay a
[uic Rent for their Lands : For if the Indians were the Pro-
|rietors of thofe Lands, they had doubtlefs a Right to a va-
lable Confidcration for parting with them.

Such was the End of the Indian War, which lafted one Enplidi And
ear and fix or fevcn Months j and there periflied in it a- J"j^i*"**f^*
lut 3000 Indians^ and 1^0 EngUJh. The Savages could aspp-^,,,
ipare the Lofs of fo many Men, as the Englijh could fpare
icfe diey loft. They had frequent Recruits from England^
^d the Indians were continually wafting, by Wars among
lemfelves, Famines and Diicafes occafioned by them. The
'mjijh finding the Benefit of their Fifliing and Trading in
kui-HampJhire and Maine, and the Peril' and Danger that
ended their Want of Towns and Forts, they built feve-
within a fev,f Years, as Falmouth, Scarborough, York, Dth-
tr, Stedick, &C.

Before

i 1-^

",,)

!il(!

If.'"

If !

jT,ls''''i'

77?^^ Hifiory i?/' New- England.

128

William Before the War was quite endeiJ, died John lV<nthrop Kfn'

c^owrSf Governor of the United Colonies oi Connecticut znA^]S!,^\
Co^mlcvQ\i': haven^ znd IViUiam Leet, Efq; who had formerly been Go-
*«^Newha- vernor, was chofen in his Place j and in the Beginning of 1
'*^°J678. ^^^ ^^^^ 1^78} J°^^^ Leverett^ Elq- Governor of the^]|!£[
SimonPrad- chufets dying, Was fucceeded by Simon Bradjireet^ Efq, 1\A
ifrcet, E/Vi next Ycar there was a Synod held at Bnjlon^ 'called up,l
tkeU-ikl- on this Occafion, the Fruits of the Earth had been blafiA
ciuifcts. two or three Tears fuccejjtvcly, Difeafcs carried off great Nun\
bers, the Trade of the Country fell to decay ^ and Covetoufmh [
Jniemperance^ Sabbath- Breaking^ &c. prevailed every where!
The Reformation of Manners is certainly the principal Duryl
of Magiltrates and Minifters, which, methinks, they might havel
fet about without ths Buitie of a Synod. This however hJ
one good Quality to recommend it, and that was the Ail
midion of Lay-Members to fit and vote in it : For I haJ
no Notion that the Laity can be bound by any Deterrainaj
tions wherein they have not a Part, and where their fpjritJ
or temporal Welfare is concerned in them.
. /'^^°'. In the following Year died Joftah Winjlow^ Efq- GovernoJ
jEff Go •■«'•- ^^ P^^^^^°^i^^ Colony, the firft Nexv- E ngli/hman who waseveij
j.or ,>/ pii- advanced to that Honour. His Succeilor \N2ls Robert^n(i\
moutnCWo- £f^. [^ whofe Time the Charter granted to them fufFere
the fame fFate with the Charters of the chief Corporations i
England. A .^lo fVarranto was brought againll it, and
Juagment entered up in Chancery, at the latter End
-the Reif^n o^ Charles IL The -Colony of the Majfadujil
had a y:^uo fVairanto fentthem in the Year 16^} j andinthf
Year 1684, a Writ of Scire Facias , by which they wererd
quired to make their Appearance at IVefiminfier in a Mot
at 4000 Miles DKbnce ; for fo little Time was there
tween the fcrving the Writ and the Appearance.

There was not the Icalt Pretence of Mif-government 1
ledg'd in the Cafe of the PUmouth ^10 Warranto, That!
Connc6i:cut and Newhaven was accompanied with a Leita
from the King, fignifylng, that in cafe they relign'd thd
Charter, they might take their Choice of being either undj
New-Tork or Boiion. They petitioned to remain as ihd
were, but if they mull lofe their Charter, they had rather t
under ]}o,>lon than Nav-Tork. They judged rightly to bei
thcr undei a Governor, where there was a mutual FricnJ
fhip between Miter Colonies of the fame Religion and Iq
reft, than under one that would iurely bring with him froj
England the Religion of the Court, and Intereft of h.si
different and often contrary to that of the Colony.

««r.

1683.

< h.irier ta-
il A away.

iJw'^'""** went

ne Hiftory of New-England.

129

l^hode-ljland had a very valuable Charteir, and the more
I valuable, the more likely to lofe it. The Government there
1 favy it was in vain to difpute with a King, who had forced
the City o^ London to change its ancient Rights and Pri-
jviieges for his Will and Pleafu-e, and fubmitted to that Mark
lof Slavery.

Hemp/hire and Main never had a Charter, but a Sort of
JAflociation, the Bond of which they readily refigned into the
king's Hands ; fince which Time that Province has a Royal
iGovernment, independent of the Ma^achufets^ under a Go*
vernor and a Council named by the King : But the Gover-
nor is generally the fame with that of the iWd^<:/>tt/^/j. King
\Chrlti^ having feized the Charter oiNeiju-England, fent over
'{inry Cranfield to be Governor, by Commiflion from him* Henry
|felf, turning out at once Mr. Bradjireet, Governor of the ^J^^r^^'*^' ^
lajfachufets^ Mr. Led, Governor of Connecticut and New- nir'ofi^eyrl
taverij and Mr. Treat, Governor of Plimotfth. This (7rtf«-E "gland.
fc/i/, as much a Tool as he was for King Jameses Purpofe^ ^^^^'
fter the Death of his Brother Charles, was in a fhort
rime removed, and Jofeph Dudley, Efq; appointed to fuc-/"^^^?"^"
jeed hiro. He was Son of Thomas Dudley, Efqj before fpo- Govermr.
[en of, Wisborn in New-England, and educated in Harvard
ollege. He was generally beloved on Account of his Fa-
ker's Merit and Services; but, fays Mr. Neal, His accepting
j Cmtnijfton, founded upon the Ruin of the Laws and Liber-
\ti of his Country, created him a great many Enemie'. who
ntund at length to depofe him, and fend him Prifoner tof^^i^'f^^
ngland. He had, as he imagined, fecured the Favour of ' "^8(5. *
b Court, by ^favouring the Epifcopals againft the Pi efbyte*
Bns, and coming chearfully into all their Meafure^: B^trhe
\ew-England People were fo provoked by his Mana^ etf: rit,
at having outed him, they rcfumed their Charter Govern-
its. But a Stop was f€>onput to tlieir Proceedings by
: Arrival of Sir Edmund Jndros, a poor Knight of Guernfey, ^" S.dmmi
|th a Commiflion to be Governor of all of theta. He was at^!l^.*
Ian of as mean Character as Fortune, and it n amazing,
|it either he or Mr, Dudley ihould be continued m fach a
fft after the Revolution.

It was in Andros's Time, that Captain Tf^illiam Phips of

nneheck River, in New- England, difcovered the great

[reck in the Spanijh Weji-lndies, and brought a vaft Trea-

to England. The Particulars are worth knowing.

k had been told, that many Years before t large

pleon had been loft, about the Year 1 640, near Port

'■ Plata • and Captain Phips, about the Time of the ^m

ktrante, went to England, and applied to thofe then at the

^ K Helm

,' i'

7he Hijlory of New-England.

Helm for Support in his Undertaking, to come at the Silver
in the Wreck. King Charles Iked it fo well that a finall
Ship was given him, called the /Ilgier Rofe, of 1 8 Guns, and
5)5 Men, in wi^ich he failed to Hijpamolay and got hforrria'
tion from an old Spaniard of the Place, as near as well could
be, where the Galleon was caft away. He failed farther,hav.
ing furniflied himfelf with Divers, and fifh'd fo long that the
Patience of his Men was quite tired out, and he returned with-
out Succefe, which made his Projed: to be condemned as vi-
fionary and impradticablc ; and it was a long Time before he
could get any confiderable Perfons in Court or City ro be i
concerned with him in a fecond Adventure. At lall the
Duke of Alhemarky whofe Profufion had run him into very
indifferent Circumftances, was tempted, by the Hopes
of. mending them by fetching the Spanijh Plate, to en-
gage in the Enterprize, Captain Phips divided the Coilj
of the Outfet of his Ship into fo many Parts as were conve-
nient for Shares ^ and according to the Proportion of the Ad. I
vance- Money for the Ship and Provifions, the Shares of the
Profits were to be. He bough; the Ship of an Uncle of
hh^£s horne mine, a Merchant and Alderman of London: It was called!
the Bridgwater Merchant, of about 2oo Tons; and Captai
Phips earneftly prefifed the Merchant to put the Purchafe-I
Money into the Adventure, which I guefs would have beenil
Tenth or thereabouts of the firft Charge of the Ship andl
Stores, beng looo/. Other Adventurers coming into thel
Delign, the Captain was fitted out, and away he failed fori
Port de la Plata^ with his Ship and a Tender. He weatl
up into it and built a ftout Canoe out of a Cotton-fra^'A
is ufually done. Tt was large enough to carry eight or teiil
Oars ; and he fent this Canoe, his Tender, and fome k\
led Men and Divers, in fearch of the Wreck, while
Jay at Ancho* in the Port. The Canoe kept husking up aoij
down upon the Shallows, but could difcover nothing, except (
Reef of rifing Shoals, called the 5w7^rj, within two or tlirei
Foot of the Surface of the Water. The Sea was calm, aoi
every Eye employed in looking down into it. The DivtrJ
did their Work frequendy, but came up as they went dowi^
with no farther Intelligence j till, in the End, as they
rccurning back, weary and dejed:ed,one of the Sailors, loollj
ing over the Side of the Canoe into the Sea, fpicd a Featln
under Water, growing, as he imagined, out of the Side of j
Rock. One of the Divers was immediately ordered downlj
fetch it up, and look out if there was any Thing of Value i
bout it. He quickly brought up the Feather, and faiiil
bad difcovered ieveral great Guns, Upon which he wast
' dci

Capt. Ph'ps

immenfi

TrcafitrCt

1C87.

ne WJlory ^/ New- England. 13 1

dereddown again, and then brought up -a Pig of Silver ol'
2 or 300/. Value i the Sight of which tranfported them,
and convinced thcni fufficiently, that they had found
the Treafure they had been fo long looking for. When
they had buoyed the Place, they made hafte to the
Port and told the Captain the joyful News, which at firft he
could hardly believe ; but when he w as (hewed the Silver,
he cried our, We are all made^ thanks he to God. All Hands
were immediately ordered on board, and failing to the Place,
the Divers happened to fall into the Room where theBuHioi
had been ftor'd ; and, in a few Days, they brought up 5 7.
Ton-s without theLofs of one Man's Life. When ihty had
cleared the Store Room, they fearched the Held, and among
the Ballad found a great many Bags of Pieces of Eight. I
heard an Officer aboard the Ship fiy, that the Pieces of Eight
that were in the Bags among the Ballaft, having lain fo long
in the Water, were crufted over with a Subftance as hard as
Stone feveral Inches thick, and they were forced to break it
with Iron Bars. The Cruft being broken, the Pieces of
Eight tumbled out in prodigious Quantities. Befides which
they, found a vaft Treafure in Gold, Pearl, Diamonds, and
the rich Goods of which the Cargo of a Spanijh Galleon ge-
inerally confifts. There was one Adderley of Providence^
Iwho had been with Captain Phips when he commanded the
\hj'i of Algier^ and promifed to affift him again if ever he
ould make a lecond Adventure. He met him with a fmall
JtM at Port de la Plata ; and tho' he had but few Hands,
kok up fix Tons of Silver for themfelves, which was a littl
hdd. The King was at the Charge of Phips's firft Voyage t
jhe Wreck, and the Adventurers of the fecond. In the firft
;^afe the King, and in the fecond, the Adventurers ought to
jiave had the whole Benefit of the Difcovery, unJefs Adderley
bme in as a Sharer in the Adventure. Pblps obliged Adder-
ij and his Men not to difcover the Place of the Wreck ; but
vhat Sort of Obligations could bind them, I cannot imagine,
ii/hen the Temptation of Silver operated againft it : I rather
krpute their not difcovering it, either to the Draining of the
Itore, or Separation and Wafte of it by Length of Time,
paptain Phips returned fafely to England, and put rt(l)ore a-
Dve 300000/. Sterling, of which 90000 /. came to the Duke The Duie
fy///w«flr/t's Share, and about 20000/. to the Share of Sir Aibemarl
i^am Phips, K'mgjames having knighted him for his good^J'^^?^
ervice. Some of his Courtiers, perhaps his Prielts and wli'iam
efuits, would have perfuadedhim to have feized bis Ship and "'?»'#•
Cargo, under pretence, that Phips had not rightly informed
p of the Nature of his Frojed. But what v/as that to

K 2 the

9
c

^;ii>

:pl|

'J ■ . ilk' '■ -V

I' '

j;|.-8tt.t. ' ^

lis. l|ii;

Mi>t

1' : : ■ !

i .'1

ly:

' 1

I i

• ' I' 'fei

132

^he Hiftory of New^England.

. . ,'i

[f^

1683.

The third

Indian

the fecond Adventurers, at whofe Expence the Project wag
carried on and accomplifhed. The King himfelf rejedted
this Motion, faying, he believed Phips an honejl Man^ and it
■was his Council's Fault that he had not employed him himfelf
The Duke of Albemarle made the Lady Phipi a Prefcnt of \
Golden Cup worth looo/. and it was the general Opinion
that the Duke got the Government of Jamaica^ not long af.
ter, with a View of purfuing this happy Search after the ^a'
nijh Silver, which feveral attempted afterwards, to iheir great
Di (appointment and Lois.

The Indians in New-England had now been quiet for ten
iVar. ^^ c^^ven Years, and probably would have continued fo, had
not they been fet on by the French at Canada^ to break the
Peace j tho' it rauft be confefs'd that both French and hidlam
were not without fome Provocations. The Indians com-
plained that their Allowance of Corn had been kept back-
that their Fifhery in Saco River was intercepted by the Nets
andSandsof the JE'wj?'//}^; that the ^w^///^ fuftered their Catde
to trefpafsupon their Fields, and def'rroy the Growth there;
that the Government at Bojlon hud patentee'd out the Lands
that belonged to them, k^c. And the French complained that
the Englifl) had unjuftly feiz^d a Parcel of Wines landed at a
French Plantation, I luppofe towards the Bay of Fundli^ in
New-Scotland^ then in Pofleffion of the French ; for Canak
is at too great Diftance to be incommoded by New-England,
J^nyihQ French Ambalfador procured an Order from the King I
ofEng'and for reftoring thofeWines,as not being found witbin
the Limits of the Englijh Jurifdidion. To cut off this Plea
hereafter, the New-England Government ran a new Line,
which iiiclofed Monfieur St. Cajieen's Plantation within the
ILnglijh Pale. Upon this St. Cajleen leaves his Houfe, and the
Englijh ieaizA his Arms and Goods, which they brought away
'^*'l^Sul^ ^^ P'-ffi'fi(^quid^ a Northern Frontier. Here the Eti^iijhkm
^^ILfi "the to be the Aggreflbrs ; they feizcd the Frenchman's Wines i
French M/zrf juftifiably j tiicy palcd in a /'V^«r/> Plantation, and took away I
Jndur.s. [jie Planter's Goods ; and if they patentee'd away the /W/W;
Lands, wiihour their Confcnt, they were the Aggrel-brsintliisj
War again ^ bor* French and Indians. St. Cajleen \<d:iio\
clofely allied to the Savages, *hat he had married a 5(^rtm'/sJ
Daughter, and had no hard Matter to do in perluadingthenij
ro begin A^HiS of Hoftility, promiling them all the Aiiiftancej
the French ?: Canada could give them. But even in tholel
firlt: Adts, .he EngHjh Teem to have prec'picated the RuptureJ
They knew the Indians were out of ilumour with then, anil

having killed ibme Cattle
Bhckman, a JuOlce of Peace

near North-Turmm^th, Capiwil
with fome of .lac Ncighbour-I

hodl

'33

7he mjlory of New-England.

hoodof 5tff(?, feized i8 or 20 of the Indians^ and fent them
under a ftrong Guard to Falmmth^ in Cafco Bay, to be kept
till Orders came from Bojion. The Indians^ as might have
been expe(5ted, made Reprifals, and carried off fevcral Eng-
lijh, among whom were Capt. Rowden and Capr. Gendal,
Rowdm never got out of their Hands; but Gendal and his
Party were releafed, on the Return of Capt. Blackmati^^
Prifoners.

It was a bad Time for the EngViJI) to quarrel with the French^
when the King of England was inafecret felonious League,
as was faid of the Partition Treaty by Mr. John How m
Parliament, with the French King; and New-Evgland had
i fiich a wretched Governor as Sir Edmond Androi^ who was
I then at New-Tor k. The principal Magiftrates at Bo/ion^ in
the Abfence of Andros^ order'd fome Soldiers to march to-
wards Falmouth^ and difpatch'd IVilliam Stoughto'^^ Efq, with
iome others, totheEaft, to endeavour to bring the Indians
to a Treaty, to which the Savages feem'd very well inclin'd,
land promis'd to fend Deputies to Macqmit for that purpofe,
[but were difluaded from it by the French^ and a few Days
lafter fell upon North-Yarmouth^ and kill'd feveral of the Inha-
Ibitants, upon which the EngliJ]) in thofe Parts, took flielter
jin the garrifontd Places. When Sir Edmond Andros return'd
Ito Bo/lon^ he difapproved of Capt. Blackman\ Condu6t, which
Ihemightvery welldo, but his own was every whit as blame-
lable, in ordering ail the Indian Prifoners to be relea-i'd, and
Itheir Arms to be re(':or'd to them, without infilling upon the
yeleafing of the Englijh Captives detained by the Indians.
Japt. Gendal^ who was fenc to g'\xx'\(Qr\ Tar mouthy had the
Misfortune to lofe 12 of his Men, whom the Indians took
prifoners, but they were mof^ of them recover'd by the In-
liabitants of Ctf/?!7, who fallied out on the ittatizr's^ who mur-.
der'd two Families, Mr. Burrough\ and Mr. BlJhop% aC
Vinter- Harbour^ near Kennebec k,

Thefe Excurfions of the Savages fo alarm'd the Goverrt-
nent at Bo/ion^ that Sir Edmund Andros march'd himfelf ^[,^^.^5'^",^
vith a luoo Men towards the Fiontiers, in the depth oicondtta*
Winter, by which his Soldiers were ex'pos'd to many Hard-
liips, vithoutthe kaft Profped; ofSuccefs, the Enr;my get-
[ing far out of his rcach,on the VJ ; .ce of his intended Expediti-
bn, Dr. Mather's Account of his Behaviour is not the leaft
[aluable Part of his Hiltory. Tho' the Governor then in the
7e!!ern Parts had " immediate Notice of the Ravages of
Indians^ he not only delay'd and neglected ail that was ne-
cellaiy for the publick Defence, but alfo when he at lad
return'd, fliew'd a mofl furious Dilpleafure agaiiiit thofe of

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134

7/3^ HI (lory of New-England,

X I

the Council, and all others that had forwarded any one
thing for the Security of the Inhabitants, while at the fame
time he difpatch'd /bmc of his Creatures on fecrct Errands
to Csunada, and fet at Liberty fome of the moft murderous
Indians, whom the Englijh had in Cuftody.
While Sir fVilliam Phips was in England^ fie ufcd whit
Intereft he had at Court to procure the reftoring of the AV^.
England Charter, but Sir lyUlianCs Addrefs and Genius were
ill adapted to fuch fort of Negotiations ; he appeared to be a
very heavy Man, even to me who was very young when I
faw him, which was more than once ; and tho' the People of
Ntw-England fpeak very honourably of his Capacity, as weii
as Integrity,yet it is very plain that he very ill became the Seat
jiv William of Government. When he importun'd King James about the
ViTsZ% ^^^^if^, the King reply'd, Jny Thing Sir fyilllnm but that;
*/■ Ne»/- and he beftow'd on him a Patent to be High Sheriff of New-
Eo^jjnJ. England, a very odd fort of Commiflfion, and very unlikdy
to anfwer Sir JVilliam Phips's End in it, if it was to impannd
honeft Juries, there being a Governor over hiin, who knew
like his Mafterhow todifpenfe with Statutes, and much more
with Patents, which Andros and his Creatures found a way
to evade. But why, as Dr. Mather writes, they would have alTaf.
finated him at his own Door I cannot comprehend ; Sir If^illm
feeming to me to be no formidable Enemy to fuch a Man as
Jfidros, who wanted not Cunning, and no coubt was very l
well inform'd on what Terms this Knight flood with hisMaJ
fter, both as to Charader and Favour. Be that as it will, Sit
JVilliam was fo little eafy after this intended Aflaflination,
that he made what hafte he could to return to Engia'J^ whi-
ther went Mr. Increafe Maiher, Red:or of the Univerfityofj
Cambridge J and two Other Gentlemen deputed by the princi.
pal Inhabitants of Bojhn, to carry their Remonflranccs and Pe-
titions againft Andros to the King. Of this Governor//;;.!
dros it is that Mr. Dummer tht IVew- E ngliind Wntcr \\m^
in a DifcDufe uddrefs'd to the Lord Carteret, then Sccreta^l
of State. " In that evil Reign, the Govcrnoi of AVry-A^^-
land with 4 or 5 Strangers of his Council, Men of defpe'
rate Fortunes, and bad, if any Principles, made whar Laws,,
and levied what Taxes they pleas'd on rhe People. Theyj
without an AlTembly rais'd a Penny in the Pound on aill
Eftates in the Country, and Two-pence on all importedl
Goods, belides Twenty pence per Head, as Poil-Mmj\
** and immoderate Excife on Wine, Rum, and other LiquorJ
** Several worthy Perfons having in an humble Addrefs leT
** preicnted this Proceeding as a Grievance, were comniit'|
'* ted to the Ccknfy Jail for a high Miidemcanor, denied liul

C(
C(

((

^e HiJIory of New-England.

135

(( Benefit of the Habeas Corpus Ad, tryM out of tiicirown

«' County, fin'd exorbitantly, and oblig'd to pay idol, for

(( Pees, when the Profecution would hardly have coft them

« fomany Shillings in Great-Britain^ where Profecutionsarc

!<« lb managed by Lawyers^ as to make them equally terrible

« and ruinous; and " to compleat the Oppredion, when they

« upon their Trial claiin'd the Privileges ol Englijlmerj^ they

«' were fcoffingly told, Thefe Things would not Jolbw them to

«' the Ends of the Earth. Unnatural Infult ! Could the brave

<« Adventurer, who with the hazard of hi^ Life and Fortune

I*' fecks out new Climates to enrich his Mother Country, be

|« denied thofe common Rights which his Countrymen enjoy

I" /itHomfy'm Eafe and Indolence? Is he to bemademiferable

I" and a Slave by his own Acquilitions ? Is the Labourer alone

V umvorrhy of his Hire, and fliall they only reap, who neither

j" Ibw'd nor planted ?" Monflrous Abfurdiry ! horrid inverted

)rder!ThefeReHedlions refer to others as well as Govcrnors,to

\^chzsrezpinEngland what was Town 40ooMiles oflFin ,4merica,

Mr. Neal fpeaking of this Governor, writes, " he noc

only copied after his Mafter King Jamesy but outwent

him i for to all the Miferies that England groaned under,

liiere was fuperadded in New- England^ the lojs of 1^ heir Free-

holds." But Deliverance came to England^ almoil as loon

1 the Deputies, by the coming of the Prince of Orange ; the

Jewsof whofe Expedition foon reach\i New-England, y^here

was receiv'd with univerfal Joy, Andros and his Creatures

xcepted : He threw a Man into Prifon for bringing over a Andms

Copy of the Prince's Declaration^tho' thatPrince was afterwards ''•"',^'^ -•""*

nhappily prevail'd upon to continue him in Office. He was

I impudent as to publiHi a Proclamation, requiring all Per-

|nsto ufe their beft Endeavours tp hinder the landing of any

he whom the Prince might fend thither; but his Proclama-

bns were as contemptible as his Pcrfon was odious j his

|)lJiers deferted him, and evqp his Counfellors began to chink

' lliifting for themfelves.

lit was now rumour'd at Bo/Ion., that a Maflacre was in-

pded, and Andros was thought wicked enough to be in fuch

itchery. Murthering Engines were faid to be in the Rofe

[igar, one of the King's Ships, then in the Harbour : The

Dple on this were every where in Motion, banding in Coni-

pies to provide for their natural Defence, but they broke

:out into Adion till they heard from England^ that King

\mH Wis gone, and the Prince and Princels of Orange pro-

pedKing and Queen: They could then be no longer

Iraiii'd from doing themfelves Juftice againft their tyraii-

al Governor.

K 4. Accord'

, dtj'irted*

1649.

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136 57;^ Hi'^ory o/* New-England.

'Thf Ptepirof Accordinglv on the i8th of Jpril, abt;^^^ 8 'o Clock in the
Morning, a Report was rais'd at the SrathBnd of the City
of Bo/ion^ that all the North-End were in Arms, and at the
North-End, that all were in Arms at the South. Immedh
ately Cape. George, one of the Governor's Creaturej was
feiz'd, Drums were beaten tvery where, and Colours let up
upon the Beacon. Mr. Bradjireet, Mr. Danfurth^ I \^^
Richjrdi Dr. Cook and Mr. jiddington. Men of great £mi.
pence and Intereft, were conduced to dw Council-houfe
by a Guard under the Command of Capt. Hall, while die
People feizcd feveralofthe Governor's Confidents and Tools,
as Bullivant and Foxcroft, two Juftices of the Peace, 8htu
lock, a Sheriff, Mr. Randolph, Capt. Ravtnfcroft, Capt,
IVh'itc, Farewell, Broadvent, Crafford, Larkin^ tiith, &c.
and (hut them up in Jail, having firft turned .: the Jail,
keeper, and put a trufty Fellow in his Place j which done,
they fenc the following Mei&ge to Sir Edmund /indrosy by
Mr. Oliver and Mr. Eyres,

Sir,

^f^Urfelves and many others the Inhabitants of this Tmii\

'."^^ and the Places adjacent, being furprized with the PiDi>lt\\

fudden taking of Arms, of the jirjf Motion whereof wi wtrt

wholly ignorant j being driven by the prefent Accident^ art ka.

cejffitated to acquaint your Excellency, that for the quieting mi

fecuring the People inhabiting in this Country from the imm^

nent Danger they many ways lie open and expofed to, and Ur..

drin^ imr own Safety, we judge it necejfary that you forthwith

furn-nd:^r and deliver up the Government and Fortijicatm u

,(}£ prifc^ved and difpofed, according to Order and DIreifki

from the Crown o/" England, which fuddenly is expeSied may &

rive ', promijing all Security from Violence to yourfelf or anj

your Gentlemen or Soldiers, in Perfon or Ejiate : Othmvift:

we are ajfured they will endeavour the taking the Fortijicai'm,

by Storm, if any Oppofition be n^ftde.

Tht:hhf
Men fummen
the (iovermr
to iHrrcndcr

White Winthrop,
Simon Bradftreet,
William Srough;on^
Samuel Shrimpton,
Bartholomew Gidney,
William Browne,
Thomas Danfurth,
John Richards, fJi

The greatefl Names in New-England. The GovernorJ
who, like all Tyrants, was afraid of PuniDiment, as wcT
as Difgrace, was very fturdy at firft, and made a? if he woul

mainta'

Eliflia Cook,
Ifaac Addington^
John Nellbn,
Adam Winthrop,
Peter Sergeant,
John Fofter,
David Waterhoufc,

turit

irrSer, of ne dd
'\ the ^o*""^'*"

GfHtne the

Goviranunt,

Tie Iliflory c/* New-England. 137

maintain his Poft by Force. He fcnt to the Frigat for Fire-
Arms, Hand-Granadoes and Match; but the Boat that
w IS bringing them was feizcd by the Town Soldiers, whom
lohn Ndfon^ Efq; led up to the Fort, and demanded the J!'-''>' '"'
Surrender of it a fccond time. The Governor finding it """"'
was in vain to refill, furrender'd that and himfelf into their
Hands. Mr. Fuirweathgr, Mr. //*•//, Mr. Gr.jhamy Mr.
Paln>er, and Capt. Tryfcye, were imprifoned in the Caftle.
lofeph Dudley^ Efq; was feized at Major Smith's at Narra-
\ lantpt ; >ut neither Jndros nor he received the Reward of
their Doings in thofe evil times ; on the contrary, they were
both put into Governments after the Revolution, which
ou'^ht to be remember'd, if there is ever another Edition of
the Facnphler, Falfe Steps of the then M'mijhy.

Xiie Gentlemen aflcmbled in the Counr
^vhich all or moft of them had beeii A
I time of the Charter, drew up a Dedaratk <
vances, which was read out of a Gallery to a v ^icourfe
of People, who heard it with great Satisfaction and Ap*
plaufe. There were then of the Inhabitants, and others that
came in from the Country, 2 or 3000 Men in Arms at BoJ-
\m^ befides 1000 at CharUi-Town^ that could not get over
the Ferry. So ftrong was the Defire of Liberty there, and
[the Spirit to defend it. The Gentlemen in the Council-
Chamber agreed to fummon a Convention of the Reprefen-
tatives of the Colonies, called the General ^Jfembly^ which
met in May^ about a Month after Andros was turned out of
the Government, and unanimoufly refolved to refcue their
Charter, which they did, and publiflied a Declaration to
[that Purpofe, dated ii4.th Muy^ and figned by their Clerk
lBf«^z^r Front. I do not join with fome fcrupulous Wri-
Iters, in cenfuring this Forwardnefs of them in the Refurap-
Ition of their Charter, with a formal Reverfe of the ^ji9
Warranto. That Writ was groundlefs and illegal, and the
[People of New-England had as much a Right to alTcrt
Itheir Privileges againft arbitrary Power, and ftretcbing and a-
Ibufing the Laws, as had the People of Old- England, in their
[Declaration of Rights by the Convention Parliament. This yfpDmved hy
jCenfure is the more needlefs, becaufe King William and Ki"^^"^'*-.
"Queen Mary did, by their Royal Letter, tcltify their Allow- ^^"^^^"^^^^^
ance of the late Proceedings at Bo/ion, and authorized the
reftored Magiftrates to continue the Adminiftration of

Affairs,
The Nezv- England Hiftorians tell us,Sir TFilUam Phips was

|l|dvifed, by fome Lords of the Council, to return to New-Eyig-

'2nclj where they thought he might be ierviceable in this Cri/s

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138 Tlbe Uiftory of New-England.

of Aflairs; and that, before he left London^ King Jamti fcntt
Meilenger to offer him the Government of New-England- but
the Reaibn they give for it is pleafant enough," He chofe'ra,
** ther to return without any Characfler, than accept of a
" CommifHon from a Prince who had fo nocorioudy invaded
** the Rights of his Subjeds." Whereas, in truth, Sir Wil
Itam Pbips had accepted of a Coihmilfion from him, when
he was in the moft notorious Part of his Invafions, the dif-
penfing with Statutes, JBut the New-England Hiftori-inj
have a Conceit, that the Country is much honoured by the
Charader of that Knight, who was a Native of it. Wj
fhall find, in the Sequel, that his Succefs was not fo good
io New- England, as at La Plata.

During thefe Tranfadions, the French llnd Indians cnter'd
into farther Engagements again ft the EngUJh^ who did what
they could, with Honour and Juflice, to bring Matters to a
peaceable IfTue, which was render'd very difficult by the In-
trigues of the French^ who, upon King James's withdrawing'
to France^ reprefented the EngUJh Nation as in a rebellious,
perillous Condition, which was fufficient Encouragement for
the Indians to continue the War, having the Promife of
powerful Affiitance from ^ebec. They furprized the Gar-
rifon oi^achecho, by the Treachery of Mefandonit, aSa*
chem, whom Major TValdern, -who commanded there, had
generoufly entertained the Night before, and that Traytor ly-
ing in his Houfe open'd the Gates in the Morning to a Pariy
ct vSavages that lay in Ambufh not far off, and rufliing
in killed the Major and 22 Men, burnt 4 or 5 of the
beft Houfes, and carried away 29 Perfons into Captivity,
killing Mr. Broughton in their Retreat. The Government
order'd Capt. Noyes, with a ftrong Party, to ttiarch to Pm-
cook^ and clear the Country of the Savages ; but they clear'd
it themfelves, by running away as foon as they had News of |
his coming. Capt. Noyes purfued them, cut down all their
Corn, burnt their Wigwams, and laid every thing wafte. A
Party from Saco was furrounded by a great Body of Indians
and efcaped with- DifHculty, having loft fix of their Num-
Slw"' ^^^' ^^^y afterwards mafter'd Pemmaquid Fort, by Help
m*<ys\iFfrt. o^ Iptelligence given them by one Mr. Starkey^ who falling
into their Hands, thought to get out of i^hem by that Service,
and told of the weak Condition the Fort was in by the Ab-
fence of Mr. Giles, and Part of the Garrifon, upon whom
they fell at Giles's Farm, and kilj'd him and 14 Men; they
then got upon a Rock, whence they miferably gaul'd the
Er>o;lijh in the Fort, and obliged the Governor, Capt. IVems^
to furrender, on Promife of Life and Liberty j but the Sa* j

vagcs

^9IBfpiS\

TTje Hiftory of New-England. 139

luges broke the Capitulation, and butcher'd the grearcft Part
lof them, as alfo Captain Skinner and Captain Farnham, who
Lere coming to the Relief of the Garrifon, and Mr. P«N
Lw/as he lay in his Sloop in the Barbran, Thefe LolTe$
Icaufed the Inhabitants o( Sheep/cot 2ind Kennebeck to abandon
jjliofe Places, and retire to Falmouth.

It was Time for the Government o^ New-England to look
Ijbouc them, and think of vigoroufly oppofing thefe Murders
Ijod Depredations of the Indians. They ("cnt Major Swayne
l^pithjooMen from Majfachufets, and bAzyor Church, one of
Itbeir beft Officers, from Plimouthy with 500 more, againft
[the Enemy in the Eaji, where they had intercepted Lieute-
Huckin, who had drawn off a Garrifon he had in thofe
Parts to fet them to work in the Field. The Savages coming
unexpededly upon them, cut them to pieces, being 1 7 in
dumber j and then came to the Fort, where were only two J'^^^
goys and fome Women and Children. The Boys defended lifh Bay*.
: againft them, wounded feveral of them j and when they
bund that the Barbarians were about to fet Fire to the
loufe that was in the Fort, and to burn them out, they
would not yield, but on Terms of Life, which thefe inhu-
man Wretches granted, and afterwards killed three or four

the Children, with one of the Boys ^ the other made" his
Efcape. Captain Gamer purfued the Enemy, but they
Here too niinble for him. Another Party of them aflaulted
Uj'co^ killed Captain Brookes^ and had put the whole Towa

the Sword, had not Captain Hall cume opportunely with
belief.

The Defigns of Major Swayne and Major Clurch were
[riiftrated by the Treachery of fome Indign Confederates,

10 being Tent out as Scouts, difcoveired all that they knew

the Enemy, who underftanding the Number of the Eng-
IJ, fled to their inaccefTible Woods and Swamps : So Mz-
Y Swayne having garrifoned Blew Point, retired ro Winter
iiiarters. I enter 'not into the Particulars of the barbarous
Treatment the Englijh Captives met with from the Sivages,
here being nothing in it but what might be exprtSled from
heir Rage and Cruelty j and there was no likelihood of their
learning Humanity towards the EngliJJ), by LeiTons from
heir new Allies the French, who were very adive in inftrudt*?
bg and difciplining them for their better Management of the
w. It was plain thev had improved in it both in Arms and jg^ot
I Adion^ and had continual A(!iilance from Rebeck, without

h the Englifl) would have foon chaftifed them for their
ifolence, and taught them to be quiet. To make the
\mcb fome Returns for the many Mifcbicfii the EngliJ}) bad

fuffvrcd

iNi'*- •'ill

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^he Hlflon of New-England.

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5'iVWilIam

P;l.p?'5 un-

Bxpedit'inn
tit Quebec.

fuffered by their means, it was refblved in New-En^Iond
to carry the War home to them. Accordingly Sir ff^ilHan
Phips failed with a Fleet and Forces to Port-Royal^ in Acq-
dia^ or New -Scotland^ and difpoffefs the French^ as has been
already related in the Article.of New-Scotland.

To revenge thefe LofTes, Monfieur Artell^ a French Officef I
ji^y'Tlythe ^^01" Canada, and one Hoophood, a Leader among the Ha.
French and ron Indians, Confederates wirh the French, with Men of both
ladians. Nations, aflaulted Salmon Falls, killed 30 Perfons» and car-
riedaway 50 into Captivity, which terribly alarmed all Ma,.|
England, it being the firft Time that the French aded open-
ly with the Barbarians: And as ^ebec was thought to be I
the Source of all their Calamities in this War, it was confi'
dered, that by removing theCaufe, the EfFed would ceafe.
It was therefore refolved to attack that Place, which being reJ
duced, the French would have no Place to neft in, and carry
on their ill Defigns againft their Chriftian Neighbours. I

Sir IVilUam Phipi*s Succefs at New- Scotland very much I
forwarded this Expedition, and naturally put him at the Head
of it. It feems to have been as ill managed as it was well!
contrived . For it is certain he had a Strength with him fuf.|
ficient ro have driven the French out of Canada, had it been)
well employed. He had 3 z Sail of Ships, The Six Frienisj
C-Ji^tam Gregory Sugars A6tnira], 44 Guns, the John and Tk\
mas. Captain Carter Vice-Admiral, the Swan, Captain Gi/-j
bert Rear-Admiral.

They had aboard 2000 Men, a prodigious Armament fori
a Colony of no longer ftanding ', and failed from //«//, near]
Bofton, the 9th of Auguji, but came not within Sight oi
Quebec till the 5 th of OSiober. Thus they were eight Week
in a Voyage, that^ with good Winds and Weather, might havd
been made in two or three. The Englijh were fo long makJ
ing up the River of St. L mce, that the Governor, thij
Count de Frontenac, bad 1 .aje enough to prepare for
Dctence, by drawing all the Strength of the Colony to^an
bee, which Sir ^//r-m Phips expefted would have beeni
vided by an Army marching over Land, and attacking Mouni\
Royal Fort, on the Frontiers of Canada, while he fell upo
the Capital.

This Army was to confift of 2000 Men from New-Ytrll
Conne^iicut, and Plimouth Coloniesi, and 1500 lndlam^\\
whom the French gave the general Name of Iroquoh^ buj
the Englijh diftinguifli them by the Names of their feven
Nations. The Englijh marched as far as the great Lakeo
Canada ; but as there were no Canoes provided for them
pafs it, they returned^ and it is very flrange, that the

^e HiJIory of New-England. 141

jliouldbeno Provifions for their Paffage fecured, (ince the
'^\icct(s of the Enterprize fo much depended upon it. Sir
]0iam fummoned Count Frontenac to furrender, in a very
bluftering Paper, which had this glorious Title,

J/r William Phips, Knight^ General and Commander in
Chief in and over their Majejties Forces o/" New -England, by
^f3 and Land.

Count Frontenae was fo offended "at the Stile and Subjed,
[that he caufed a Gibbet to be fee up, and would have hanged
[the Major that brought the Summons, had it not been for
[the Biiliop's Interceilion. He returnfld a very infolent An-
Ifffcr, calling Phips and his Company Hereticks and Traitors*
[On the 8 th of O^oher, the Englijh landed under Lieutenant-
iGeneral fVhalUy, to the Number of i+oo j for to thefe few
jthey were already reduced, by the Small- Pox, and other
)ifeares: But had their full Compliment been prclerved,
[what were 2000 aboard of Ships to 4.000 within the City ?
or fo many men had Count Frontenac with him ; which
\nalley under Handing, he reimbarked his Troops, which
iiould very fain have attempted one AfTault ; but their 6ra-
lery was ill-tim'd, confidering the Inequality of their Number
(othat of the Enemy. Some Writers make , the-Lofs of the
% from the Oppofition they met with on Shore, to bp
jioo Men j but I believe that Oppofition is heightened for the
Credit of our Nation, that the EngU/h might not be thought
)liave given over this Enterprize without looking the Enemy
the Face. The Baron la Hontan^ who was then at ^e"
If, fays, there were .iot 200 French in the Town when
fir William Phips came thither ; but that is as incredible as
^i?hips was fix Miles off of the Town when he fired upon
or that the Englijh landed 3000 againd the lile o{ Orleans y
League and a half below ^ehec, whereas they were hue
000 Men in all. The Baron adds. If Phips had been en^
hdby the French to Jlandjlill ivith his Hands in his Poc- Chips' sill
p, he could net have done lejs againji them : Which has too C">tdua a
luch truth in it ; for the ^ew-England Writers are very-^'^^j" ^J*
y of this Knight, yet I wonder how he preferv'd fo much * °^ '"^ '
[eputation and Intereft as he had ftill among them. This
kcarriage was a fad Misfortune to New-England^ above
poo perilhed by ir one way or other j and they were fome
ars in filling up the Vacancies it made in the Colonies. It
fcthem 140000/. in Debt j and the Ships in their Voyage
Ick, met with no better Fortune at Sea than the Men had
|ne by Land. Some of them were driven as far as the
ward Jftands^ one was wreck'dj. another never heard of.

t :>

mr,,

\ II

riv

•X ",

.'.'

'••^^

.,1 ii'"'

A 9

4 '

142

JhifA

•ti

iW'l ...

I ■ ■ jfel*

Hnophood
the Huron
barajfes the
Eogliih.

The Hijlory of Nc^-England.

a third foundered wit|i all her Crew in her, a fourth was drM
ven afhorc on the dcfolate Ifland of Anticojia^ where Captain]
Rainsford and his Company, forty at firft, were reduced!
by want and Weather to half the Number in a Month's
Time, and then fav'd almoft miracuIouUy. The Lofs ofl
Men ii\ this unfuccefsful Entcrprize amounted to loco and
thofe as ufeful Hands as any in the Country. The immenfJ
Debt beforementioned was paid off by Bitts, which thegenej
ral Aflembly made current, like Exchequer Bills in England
During the Progrefs of this miferable Expedition, a PartJ
under Lieutenant Clerk^ venturing out ot Ca/cOf to look lb]
the Enemy, met with a Body of 4 or 500 Indians m
French, who killed the Lieutenant and 1 3 of his Men ; thd
rell efcaping into the Town, were purfued by the Indiam anj
French, who entering the Place reduced it to Alhes. Th]
Garrifon furrendered the Fort upon Condition of fafeCoiJ
dud to the next EngUflj Town ; but the French now brokl
the Capitulation, and made them Prifoners of War, unde
a very foolifh Pretence, if the New-England Hiftorians ati
in the Right of their being Rebels to their lawful King
What fignified the Pretence of Rebellion, when theyhaj
that of War to plead, had it been good againft a foiemj
Treaty ? The Governor, Major Davis, and fomc of h]
Men, were fent to ^ebec, the reft were murdered by tb
Savages. The Garrifons of Papcodack, Spamwicky Blad
Point, and Bhiv-Pointy drew off to Saco, twenty Milfi
Wiihm Cofco^ terrified by the Fate of that Place. Their Tej
ror infeded that Garrilbn alfo, and half of thsm fled as fat]
Lieutenant Siorer^s, Hoophood the Huron purfued them,
deft toyed all the open Country, burnt ieverat Houfes
Berwick^ killed 13 or 14 Men zx Fore- Point, and carried (
<J Prifoners; but Capt. Floyd and Capt.Gr^^«/^tf/ coming i
With him, routed his Party, wounded, and drove hij
off' to a great Diftance. He was afterwards fallen up
by the French Indians, who, taking him for an Iroquois, kij
ed him and almoft all that were with him. The M4
znd French had after that an Advantage over the EngUJh, und
Capt. WtfwelU whom they killed with 15 of his Soldiers, n^
JVhedwright-Pond, the reft were brought off by Capti
Floyd. Flufn*d with this Succefs, the Indians and French mk
a Defcenc upon Amefvury, near to the Ma/facbujets^ fj
prifed Capt. Foot, and tortured him to Death ; buttheTowJ
men retiring into the Fort, maintained it againft thel
Major Church paft by Sea with 300 Men to Cafio
where he landed them, marched diredly to Pech0t^
Indian Fort, whjch he found deferted, thence to Ammfi

7^^ Hiflory of New-England.

J, Fort, 40 MilesupC<7/?tf River, which he bunt, after hav-
ig 1(>1'^^ twenty Indians^ all that ftaid in it, and released
(even Englijh Captives. Having notice that the Indians had
weed to rendezvous on Pechypfit Plain, in order to attack
'0ii he haftened thither to give them Battle, which the
Sivages avoided, and the Englijh went into Winter Quarters,
^^t. Convers and dpt. Piai/iedy with 100 Men remaining in
' Parts to fcour the Woods j and as the Englijh had no
n to be content with the Succefs of the War j fo they
liere well pleafed at the Sight of a Flag of Truce, with
l^fhich the Indians came to IVells^ and a Ceflation of Arms
jll the i/fl)' following, was agreed on by Commilfioners on
ith Sides.

One would have thought that Sir JViUiam Phips had little
flcouragement to hope to be employed in another Expe-
lition againft the French at Canada j but that was the Bufi-
lefs he went about in another Voyage to England. I repeat
It [he Reafons he is faid to make ufe of to induce the Mi-
liary to fall in with it. Nothing is more obvious than its being
(olutely for the Intereft, and even Safety of New-England^
be rid of the Neighbourhood of the French at Canada.
It had been well then, and would be fo ftill, if fuch a Thing
lid be accomplifhed j but befides that Sir IVilliam Phips^
lanagement at ^lebec had not much recommended him for
ich another Employment, King IVilliam's Hands were too
of Work in Ireland and Flanders, to have any Men or
loney to fpare for that which Sir If^illiam Phips would hav«
It out for him : So his Negotiation had no EflFadl. How-
er he did fomething for his Country, by joining with Sir
^imi AJhurJi and Mr. Increafe Mather^ the New-EngHJh
gents in foliciting the reftoring of their old Charter, which
id been folicited ever fmce the Revolution to no Purpofe.
here were thofe about King IVilliam who had been very
iftrumental in ft retching the Prerogative in the Reign of Kitig
'^arla and King James. I need mention no more than the.
rlut Danby, afterwards Duke of Leeds, and the Earl of
'mingham. Thefe Councillors had very much the King*s
r, and diey bad no hard Matter to convince him, that it
not confift with his Honour to fuffer any Ditninution of
Royal Authority, where it was fupportedby the Laws,
le Agents perceiving at laft that they (hould not bq able to
ry their Point for the old Charier, they petitioned fbr a
one with more ample Privil^es. A new Chai;ter was
ted, but with Privileges far from being fo ample as thofe
the old one.

111,1

'v i

, 'i

r«

1 . i ■'■

'144 !7?^ Hl/lory of New-Eiigland.

I am fenfible that the New-England People were tnuchlnl
the right to reconcile themfelves to the former, fince the latter I
was no more to be for them ; but what their Writers intiJ
mate, that their new Privileges arc as valuable as their old!
were, will appear to be very abfurd, by obferving,

^t Differ <fkat the Nomination and Conjiitution of the GovernA
TUttHtZtld Lieutenant-Governor^ Secretary^ and all Officers of the AdmA
barter and raity, are taken from the People, and wholly referv'd to thj
**»«». Crown.

The Power of the Militia is turned over to the Governor^ 0^
Captain-General, I

England by ^H Shertffs^ to tvhom the Execution of the fame ts entrujhd\
tke latter, are appointed by the Governors^ with the Advice and Confm
bis Majefly^s Council

^he Governor has a Negative upon all LaUfs^ Eleiiiom^ m
A^fs of Government of the general Affemhly and Council.

All Laws enaSled by the General Ajfemblyy and approved l
hy the Governors^ are to be tranfmittea home for the Roval A
probation, and if di/allow'd within the Space ^f three Tearsy ti
ke utterly void.

Jni'ms obft
Mh 2nd
Qipin She
board in Ti
Siiuiy-Bear,
in Efex Cou
id extendin
y not yet
Cape Nidduc/i
Jlcinai.ider tl
htyofPoptj
En^li/h, and J
diemreJves, ar

f' J, who were
r.Shubaall
[lothe great J
mgFrench Pa
ck, with
rej; and thof
doning it,
ith a Arong I
ipt. Thaxter, {
m. Capt. C<
tlie flight For
Rirer to b(

nft

New Eng
land.

To fay only that the People have hft the Nomination 01
their Governor, their Management of their Militia, the Afi
firmative Vote for their Laws, and the naming their Judgi
Juftices, and Sheriffs, is enough to make the Difference b
tween the old and new Charters very much to the Difadvanj
rage of the latter. Nor do I think they had any Amem
made them in a PermiHIion lO nominate their firft Governoi
Jnr William -^ho was Sir IFtlHam Phips'y and if one may fuppofe he hi
wrnor^" * conflant Correfpondence with Mr. Increafe Mather, and

that knew what Steps were taken towards procuring a Chartei|$' Brother Mc
and confequently how hr the Iffue might concern himfeif,
is not unlikely that his Voyage to England was rather to
more in the way of fuch a Nomination, than of Soliciutii
for a fecond Attack upon ^ebec.

Th« Time for the Ceflation of Arms with the Indians
fcarce expired, but the Savages, inflead of coming as they hi
engaged to reftore the Captives, and turn the Truce ini
peace, came to commit tloftilities, and killed feveral %/ji
at Berwick, Exeter, and Cape Nidduck, To prevent ftirti
Mifchief, Captain Marek, Captain King, Captain ^^^r^Bed to take one
and Captain IVaters, with 400 Men, landed at MacquM^^xouOy^ tha
fnd marched to Pechypfot. Thefe Forces not meeting the Ader to relate it.
nemy, grew fecure, and ftra^gled out in Parties, which il||$, ^^ Indians

him can
, Moxus,
Mon/ieur
nch Soldiers,
're attacked
by Capt. CQn\
of Men with

next Year, an4

It will not be

Chiefs in the

imple of their

fruitJefs Atter

m by Land anc

iian Confederat

Labrocree ne^

a Retreat, bci

TheHiJlory «/" New- England.

tnuchlti
the latter I
ters imi-l
their oldl

'he Adtnl'
f'd to the!

jernor^ at

orOrdtr}

t entrujhd]

Confint «^

£fionSy an
incil.
apprffuti I
r Royal Ap
te TearSj ti

yians obferving, gathered in a Body, attack*d them in a
gojy, and drove them to their Ships, with the Lofs of
CaJtain Sherburity andfeveral Meriw who could not get a-
jioard in Time. They killed 7 rerfons at fi^rw/Vi, 21 at
Stndy-Bear, a Family at Rowly^ another at Haver hilU both
in i.Jfex County. Thus we find they are drawing Southward,
ind extending themfelves into the Majfachufets, which they
had not yet done from the Eaftward. The Garrifon of
Cape Nidduck was fo tbinn'd by Draughts from it, that the
Remainder thought fit to defert it,' tho* a ftrong Fort. A
'fjjt^ of Popi^ Indians aflaulted the Town of 3^1, killed 50
Enilijh, and led away 100 into Slavery; the reft fortified
themfelves, and tho' they were but a handful, yet the Sava-
ges, who were feveral hundreds, durft not attack them. Here
|jir. Shubaal Dunner the Minifter was fliot at his own Door,
B) the great Joy of the Barbarians^ never the lefs fuch, for
in^French Papifts. A Ship was immediately difpatched to Sa^ .
hhockj with aCommiflionand EfFeds to redeem the Cap-
ires ; and thofe Men who remained in that Town talking of
andoning it, Major Hutchinfon was in June^ i^^^^j ^"*C4*f?on-
itha ftrong Party under Capt. Conversy Caipt. FJoyd,- 2nd vtil't'^Mi'
ipt. thaxter^ to aflift them, and other Englijh on the Fron- fry,
Capt. Convers was pofted at Wells with only 15 Men

hers.

I the flight Fort there, and 15 more aboard two Sloops in

Rirer to be adifting to the others upon Occafion. A-

nft him came no lefs than four Indian Kings, Modenka-

\ndoy Moxus^ Edgenmet, IVarumboy and ftill two greater

|[en, Monfieur Labrocree and Monfieur Barniffy with feme

\mch Soldiers, and 500 Hurons. Moxus had not long

ore attacked Wells with 200 Indians, , and been driven

Fby Capt. Conversy who had not a Quarter of thatNum-

r of Men with him, vMch Modenkawando hearing, he fa id,

If; Brother Moxus has mij/id it now, but I will go t,.^ f^lf

f next Tear, and have the Dog Convexs out 0/ his Hole,

|lt will not be this Time, for the Englijhmen in the Fort

I Chiefs in the Sloops behaved fo gallantly, following the

ample of their brave Commander Convers, that after feve-

Indians wfl fruitlefs Attempts of the Indians and French to mafter

le as thwh-M'^^y Land and by Water, Monfieur Barniff and the four

I Truce Qt^"'^ Confederate Princes, were obliged to retire ; but Mon-

•veral £»i/ft Labrocree never lived to hear the Reproach of fo fcanda-

^a Retreat, being killed in the firft of it. The Enemy hap-

[edto take one John Diamond Prifoiier, whom they ufcd

rbaroufly, that it would move too much Horror in the

ier to relate it. 'Tis remarkable that in one of their At-

i, the /«<//<?»; cried o\xX. in Englip^ FirtyandfuU on^brave

A 1. +1* ' •■

\ «

U :H

■''m

-111 *.

!IIT

; ITS ■*■

' 1

146

i^.V W'llli.un
Phi

with the
Charter,

itrrucs

.ri

T'/je Hi/lory (j/* New-England.

Boys. By which we fee that the long Tntercourfe between th^l
EugUP) and Inuinm had foon charm'd the latter with the LanJ
gii.ige of the former, as it had done with their Habits and!
JVlanncrs, civil and n»ilitary5infomuch that we ought now to leavel
otf calling them Savages and Barbarians^ if it was not tol
diverlify the Dillincftion.

About this Time Sir f^ll/iam Phips arrived with the newl
Charter, and immediately called an Aflcmbly, who paid him|
the uiual Compliments on fuch Occafions : And they couW
do no Icfs, conlidcring the Station he was in by the NomjJ
nation of their Agents ; but, as Mr. Neal writes, Some oftj]
People were fullen and oft of Humour with the Mrid^mm J
ihcir Privileges, which I do not at all wonder at. Nor thati
as is added, the Generality rtceived him with loud Acclatnat'm\
For the Multitude are always the loudeft, as they are whq
know leaft of the Matter they rejoice in.

The Governor having given his Affirmative to the Lawl
which the Aflembly had paflcd, declared his Rcfoliuion t(
march againlt the Indians in Pcrfon. The Seat of thj
War was in his native Country ,'about Kenneheck River, wherj
the Indians were in Amazement when they heard of his" Pro
motion. They well knew his Original, which was as meaj
as their own. They had often fiihed and hunted with hin
He knew all their Haunts and lurking Holes, and could there(
fore ferret them out, and, difperfe or deftroy them with th
more ea(e j but they were fpiriied by the French^ and fej
upon ibtne Hufbandmen at Work in the Meadows to tli
"Nonhoi Merrimack River. Upon Advice of which Sir //^'/7&
Phips battened away with 4,1; o Men towards the Eaft. Beinga
Pcmnaquid r'ly td zi Pemmaquid, he gave Orders for building a new Foj
there, purfuant to his Inllrudtions : And accordingly one (
tSe ihongert Fortrefles in y///^^r/Va was railed in five or (
Month's Time. Capt. Bancroft and Capt. IP'ing laid tlj
Foundation, and Capt. Alarib finifhed it. It was built
Srone in a triangular Figure, about 737 Feet in Comp
without the Ou;er Wall and ic8 fquare within the Inn
one. :t had 2- Port-holes, 8 Feet from the Ground, ail
14. Guns mounted, 6 of which were 18 Pounders. Til
South Wall fuci.ig the Sea was 22 Foot high, and 6 broai
The round Tower at the Weft End was 29 Feec high.
V.A\ Wall was \i Feet high; the North 10, and thcW^
iS. The Fort flood about 20 Rod from high-Water Mail
and h.'d a Garrifon of .0 Men for its Defence. Ji vv?«naij
CO U'tlliam Ht>'ry Fort, und d )Lbtlefs v/oiild have bcfnl
rrcr.t Srrcng;uh to frie hmlHh ■:■*. the Frc^nMers oil t|
hilt. ■ L-hd Sir fp'i ilium been ll: much in ih« Hearts of tl

Fori built.

Def<.rtbed.

7X^ Hi/lory ^New-England.

pjopic as the Ntw-England Writers intimate, it is (Irnnpe
,li;;t the Charge of this Building lliould Tec them i'o againft
l,jm (o foon after his conr'nghomc with the Charter, that
liij Governmenr, as they tell us, became uncafy to him, and
fo continued ever after.
In the mean time. Major Church deftroyed the Indim
Country about Taconet, the Savages having deferted it in
fear of him. Sir IVilUam Phips fent ^50 Men to //'.///, to
leinforce Major Convers^ to which Poft he advanced hitn, in
Reward of his late fo great Service there, and made iiim Com-
inandcr in Chief of the Eajhrn Garrifons, which having
(jriin'd, he march'd into the /«<'//<7/iTcrritorics,and fcourcd the
Woods about" Ttff (?«<?/. He laid the Foundation of a riew
fort at 5<7f<?, and Major Hook finifh'd it. Me cut fcvcral
W/flw; in Pieces, to revenge ibme late Murders conimitttd
by them at OiJJer River. The Savages appearing in Arms
above Connecticut River, the Englijh came up with them
near ^mhoa^^ purfued them to a Swamp, flew moft of them,
and recovered the Captives they were carrying^ ofF.
Tiiefe Succefles, the building the Forts in the Ea/i^ and
the augmenting the Forces there, inclined the Savages to
ihini< in earneft of Peace, efpecially upon hearing the Ma-
\m threatned to fall upon them, for killing fomc of their
l^fl/, or PrinccfTes, on Whortk-herry Plain. The In*
\im Sachems had a French Ambaffador at their Courts,
ho was a Frier, to ftir them up againft the EngliJ})^ and
;eep them in Heart. This Prieft did his utmoft to perfuade
Ihem to continue the Warj but the French not aflifting
hem with Men, Arms and Ammunition, as they promifed,
ihc Frier could not hinder them from begging a Peace, which
concliided at Fort Pcmmaquid by the following Sachems
tdSegamores, and the Engli/h CommifTioncrs, who let their
ames to the Inftrument, Jugu/i ii, 1693.

147

Indians.
Edgeremet,
Modinkatvando^
Wojfambonet,
JVenabfen for Moxus.
Keiteramogisy
Jhanquit,
Bmefeeny

Nitamirety .. '

Wobenet,
Awanfaneeky
Rsl/in Doneyy

Englidi.

John JVing^
Nicolas M.mnivg,
Benjamin Jackfon,

Interpreters.

yohn Hornyhrooky

John Bagatawaivenga^ alias

Sheepfiot Johriy a very

bufy Fellow among the

Indians in the War time.

L 2 Mada'

M 'I'l

i • if '■•■ 1.1 E'

1 48 ^Je Hi/lory of New-England.

Indians. Interpreter;

Madaiunlba, , Ph^^* OunfaktSy a Squa.

Paquahartty or Nathanltl

By thcfc Articles they renounced their French Alliance
owned themfelves Subjefls to the Crown of England^ con.
firmed the Englijh in the PolTcflion of all their Lands, and
fubmitted the Trade between the Englijh and Indians to the
Regulation of the General Jffmbly. This Peace was of fo
ihort Duration, that the other Articles are not worth re-
peating. \

.m;

>.U|tT

4 m*k

I
I

CHAP. III.

Of the Wiich'Plaguey and an Account of fom»|

that died of it.

T is certainly the Duty of an Hiftorlan to prefer hisl
Readers Judgment to his own, to relate the Fadt as itl
comes to him, and leave it to others to decide of it. ForT
my part, I muft freely own I do not believe one Word of^
the Evidence upon which the New-England Witches wcra
convided, condemned and executed. I always look'd upoi^
the Law againil them, while it was in being, as abfurd, unju
and cruel, contrary to Truth, plain Reafun and Credibility.
am fully fatisfy'd now it is thrown out of our Statute Book
and none can thereby make a Market of Fools there wil
never be fuch a thing heard of as IVtuhcraft among th^
Englijh Nation.
The FoUy Something of this kind happened here many Years
*'"'^«"''f "- when Mrs. Grtenfmith fuflfer'd for confciFrng that
tr?/ I^evil had lain with her. That thefe poor Wretches con
feffed themfelves to be PFitcks, is no more ftrange, than thij
a young innocent Woman out of her Wits in Bedlam, fhoulii
in her Fits, talk of committing Lewdnefs, which, in h({
fober Senfes, flie would have abhorred, or rather would
have under flood.

Mr. Parisi Minifter of Salemy was the firft Man
brought this tragick Scene oi Witchcraft on the Stage,
declaring that his Daughter and Niece, about 9 and 11 Ye
of Age, were under the Power of Witchcraft, and fufpe'
that Tumbai 9a IndianWomna^ his Servant, wastheWiccll

77je Hi fiory of NcW'Enghnd. 149

^f^i$ finely difciplincd, to draw a ConfcnTion from her. ^f Indian
I flie Severities that were ufcd upon her had the intended ^^J^'"'^'"^*"'
Efcft, and Hie confelTcd (he was a flitch. The wife Ma- iv:t'ck.
Llritcs of the Place threw her into Jail, and (he lay there
oil it was a Shame to confine her any lonecr^ fo they let her
Qiit^ but fold her for Money to pay the Jailor his Fees. As
loon as flie was clear, fhe laid her Mafltr had heat her^ and
itbirivays abufed hcr^ to make her confefs^ fuch •.•; he called her
njlir lyitchesy and whatever Jhe had confejfed was extorted

\fm bff h ^" ^'■"'^ Ufigf'

T I refer the Reader to Dr. Cotton Mather's furpriiing Ac-
count of thefe things, which the Dodlor did as much believe
isattefti but it muft be known, that Mr. Cald of Bo/ion

Lotc a Treatife to invalidate that Account, and thus the

Ibifeafeand the Cure comes from the fame Quarter.
Tis ubvious, that in the Beginning of this Bufinefs, Sir

\fiHlm Phips was very forward in it, and did not decline

Itill general Offence was taken at it, both in Old-England and

Mr. George Burroughs^ Minifter of Falmouth, in the Coun- J^'*- B't-
yofiWam, the Seat of the laft War, was indited for be- '„^;'"'/^^:
(/itching Mary ff^olcot ofSalemt and others. His Trial came iem, ir/d
the 5th of ^^^, i6^2^\K(oie fyHliam Stoughton, ECqi^**^'''"'''
jeutcnant-Governor,

■4 • V

Major Saltonjiall,
Major Richards,
Major Gidney^

JVait Wtnthrop, Efq;
Capt. Sewal,
Peter Sergeant^ E(qj

Who I fuppofe were of the Council, and the Judges in

her Trials of Witches, as well as in this. Their Names

ght to be remembered, that it might not be thought a

lerfecutlon carried on by inconfiderate and inconfiderable

lerfons. The WitnelTes againil this Minifter were

■'•. m

■*• k:

'; "a

I Mary Wolcot^
Sarah Vibher,
Mary Lewis^

Ann Putnam,
Elizabeth Hubbard^
Mary IVarren,

The Circutnftances of their Evidence, and the Minifter's
yitchcraft, are fo trifling and filly, as well as incredible, that
ey are a Difgrace to Common-Senfe j but it feems it was fuf*
ficntto iatisfy the Jury and the Court, who condemned Mr.
irrowhs to be hanged. The Trial is at large in Dr. Ma-
r's Hiltorical Trads. Four of the above Witnefles, Lewis^
\ihti Hubbard and Putnam^ fwore alfo againft Bridget

L 3 Bijhop

■1

'111

'll

Pinm

■'il-iZ-Mi

Dialogue be-
twi-ru a Juf-
tiifoj Pf.ne
4itd a Hitch,

3.11 ||,.V;ly

150 T'/je Hifiory o/'New-Engla'nd.

B'tjhop as a Witch, fo flie was convided and condemned*
Leivis and Putnam fvvore alfo againft Sufannah Martin, \
fliall lepcat here Part of a Dialogue between Sufannah Martin
and the Jufticc of Peace that committed her to Prlfen .
becaufe, in my Opinion, 5^a« feems to be more in her WiJ
than his Worfliip is in his.

Juftice. Pray what ails thefe People ?

Su/'an. I don't know.

Juftice. But what do you think ails them ?

Sufan. I don't defire to fpend my Judgment upon it.

Juftice. Don^t you think they are bewitch'' d ?

Sujan. No, I don't think they are.

Juftice, 'Jell us your Thoughts alout them then.

Sufan. No, my Thoughts are my own, when they are!
in; but, when they are out, they are another's. Their!
IVlafter

Juft?ce. Th,:ir Ma/ler ! Who do you think is their MaJlirA

St fan. If they deal in the Black Art, you may know as wellj
as I.

Juftice. IVell, what have you done towards this?

Sufan. Nothing at all.

Juftice. Why 'tis _v5«r Appearance, i. e. theWitcFsGhofi^ivhilX
flie ivas alive ^ feveral were condemned on theGtioJi's Evidinct,\

Zufm I can't help that.

Juftice. Is it not your Majier f How comes your Jpptarl
a nee to hurt them ?

Sufan. How do I know ? He that appeared in the Shapd
of Samuel may appear in any one's Shape.

Is this fpoken like a Woman going to be hang'd for
VVitch.^

There were other Witnefles befides ihefc already menl
lioned, and the Men's Evidence was as full of Impcrtinencj
and Whiinfy as the Women's. Mr. Neal is very juft in \\
Remarks, as follows : *' I cannot forbear making one Re
mark upon all the Trials that Dr. Cotton Mather has pub
liili'd to the World on this Occaiion, that whenhehaj
given the Dcpofition of the Witnefles againft the Prifone
** at large, he paftes over their Defence in fuch gend
" I'erms as thele, They faid nothing worth confidering-^ hi
" Difcciirfe tvas full of Ter giver fations and ContradiR'mX
'' they were confounded^ and their Countenances fell, &(J
Whereby his Reader is left in the Dark, and renderV

•Jir

nan har

((

diq

" capable of judging of the Merits of the Caufe. li ilj
'* Defence of the Prifoner was fo weak and confufed as tij

" mi

'^Jliun. Onl
inging o[
inocent as wl
[e/fiition.

Ur.NeaPsk\
futionwill be
Reverend
Salem -^ but fd
People, he
perhaps mighi

The Ht/lory o/" New-England.

^Ji

« Doftor reprefents, it had been for the Advantage of the

» Court to have expofed it at large to the World ^ but if

(( not, 'tis very hard that it fliould be fmother'd : But upon

« liich Evidence as this 28 Perfons received Sentence of »9 ■?''"■/«*

« Death, of which 19 were executed, and one, namely J,' J^'^^^^f,].!'

« Qlhs Cory, was preft to Death.

Bridget BiJJjcp had been accufed 20 Years before, by Sa-ThnrCha-
0d Gr.-Vi for bewitching him; but he confelled at his jjjj^ l^^'*
peaih that his Accufadon was falfe, and that he repented l^aviv.
of it: liov/ever^ the Report never Vvore off, and being ;ic-
cufcd afrefli, fhe was fcarched, and a Teat found upon her.
The very Tale that Children tell m one another, when they
jarcterrifyingthcmfelves about Witches^ She itanding anotlicr
Search a few Hours afer by others, there was no Sign of any
jfuch extraordinary Teat to be feen. She made no Conl*effion.

Sarah Good was a melancholy diftcmper'd Wom.in for a^''^^■^■^"^"*'^•
jlon<^ time. Mr. Noycs, the reverend Minifler of Salem,
told lier fhe was a Witch, and bid her confefs. She re-
ply'd, Tou are a Liar, I am no more a IVitch than you arc a
\\\'kard-, ( I verily believe her) and if you take my Life^ God
mil give you Blood to drink. This is not the Language of one
[that has fold her S^^ul to the Devil.

Rebecca Nurfe fo vehemently allerted her Innocence when R ' ccfa
Iflie was apprehended, and at her Trial, and the Jury was fo J^J!)Jj]'^ ^-^^
Idiiratisfy'd with the Evidence produced againft her, that they '1J/,"L!,"'</
ought her in Not Guilty : But the Witncfles, the bewitch' d^f^^ iv'-tJi-
iiade fuch an hideous Outcry, that, going out again, they"^"-^^'
eturn'd and brought her in Guilty, The farther Evidence
at dircdled them is not worth relating. Mr. Neal adds,
kwas a pious Woman, a Member of the Church r/ Salem,
)d had innumerable TejUmoniah of her Chrif.ian Behaviour
irough the whole of her Life under the Hands of the m^Ji cre-
Ule. Her Behaviour in her Fafnily was very exemphry ;
\ir Care in the Education of her Children, and fetiing them
'd Examples, very extratfdinary, and, at her Execution,
\i behaved herfelf with all the Gravity and Serioufnefs of a
hr'ijlian. One cannot read the Story of this pious Wo-
an hanging on a Gibbet for a Crime of which flie was as
nocent as when ilie was born,' without Hoiror and De-
:eftation.

Mr. NcaVs Account of Mx .Burroughs'^ Behaviour and Exe- ^^
ution will be moil acceptable in his own Words: " IheA/
Reverend Mr. Burroughs had been formerly Minifter of '''^'^j^^.^'^^
^akm; but fome Differences arifing between him and the^fj '
People, he left them, and retired to Falmouth, which
perhaps might be one Reafon of his being fixed upon by

L 4. 4 *' thefe

yor

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'■■ , 11 '1.1 ■

k ,> > . I

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mi'

152

m„:

T',JSf

■■^1 'i

!MW

JSI

' 'fl

left in part
tmburitd'

: SI

John Wil-
idrd.

George Ja-
cobs, Sen.

.. )jM||i

'"HI

•

i
j

f
>

Samuel

Wardwell.

Talfe Con-
ffjjions and
'fs/fe Wit'
uejfts.

((

cc
«c
<«•
cc

(C
C&

cc
cc
cc
cc

cc
cc

ne Hijlory of New-England.

** thefe Salemites for a Wizard. Upon the Day of Execu-
*' tion, he was carried in a Cart, with the others, through
** the Streets of Salem to the Gallows. When he was on
the Ladder, he made a Speech for the clearing of his In, i
nocence, with fuch folemn and ferious Expreflfions as
were to the Admiration of all prefent. His Prayer, which
he concluded by repeating the Lord's Prayer, was fo well
cxprefled, and utter'd with fuch Compofure and Fervency
of Spirit, as drew Tears from the Spectators, infomuch
that fome were afraid they would hinder the Execution •
and thofe that fear*d it much more deferved to be in Mr]
Burroughs'^ Place than he did. But the Accufers fajj
the Black Man flood by him, and didtated to him. Mark\
the Stupidity^ as well as Wickednefs of thefe Accufers, 'XlA
Black Man is the Devil, and are theft pious EffufmA
thf Vapows that afcend from Hell? When he was cut I
down, he was dragg'd by the Halter to a Hole between!
the Rocks about ten Feet deep. His Shirt and Breeches!
being puU'd off, and an old Pair of Troufers put on jaj
their Room, he was tumbled in with IVillard and Cur\
rier, two other pretended fVixards j one of his Hands, and|
his Chin, and a Foot of another of them, being left un-
*' covered.

John Willard was hang'd on the Evidence of a GhoftJ
or Spedral Witnefs, as it was then term'd. I

George Jacobs, Senior, was condemned on the Evidencel
of his Grand-daughter, who, to fave her own Life, conj
fefled herfelf a Witch, and was forced to appear againll
her own Grandfather. She afterwards recanted her ConJ
feflion, and had certainly been hang'd, if an Impofthumd
had not broke in her Head at the time appointed for her Trial]
for the recanting a Confeflion, which cleared the Crimin
of the Witchcraft, expofed him to the Magiftrates Fury,
well as Power, as in the Cafe of Samuel Wardwell, who hati
cunfefled himfelf a Wizard to fave his Life ; but, as m
Hiftorian adds, *' His Confcience not fiifFering him to dq
^ the Drudgery of taking away the Lives of his innoceni
'^ Neighbours, he renounced his Confeflion before the Maj
*' gift rates, and was profecuted and order'd for Trial, con
'' demned and hanged; the Evidence againft him beinj
" that fame recanted Confeflion, and a Ghoft." At hi]
Execution, while he was fetting forth his Innocence to m
Spedators, the Smoke of the Hangman's Tobacco flew upon
his Place, and interrupted his Difcourfe^ upon which hi]
Accufers cry'd, The Devil hinders him with Smoke. Lff
it not be faid, that being an InHdel in the Matter ol

WicchcrafJ

Jle Hifiory of New-England.

153

tout

IH^itchcxafr, I deal partially with the Judges and Juries. See
^liat Mr. Neal writes of them.

" Mary Eajly, Sifter of Rebecca Nurfe, being fenfible of Miry E^fly.
« the blind Fury of the People, and of the innocent Blood the
«' Magiftf^tes wer- ^ -ringing upon themfelves, prefented a Pe-
«'tition," whicb .lallinfert, becaufe it is alone fufficient to
jjfisfy any reafonubia Man that this unfortunate Woman had
as much Senfe and as much Innocence as the wifeft and ho«
nefteft of her Judges.

rOUR humble and poor Petitioner^ knowing her own In- Rtap,mt)U
mcencey and feeing plainly the Wiles and Subtleties of my «»^ /'h'
I Auufers by myfelf cannot but judge charitably of others^ that """"*
Ute going the fame way with my f elf I was confined a whoU
\ Month on the fame Account I am now condemned for^ and then
\tltared by the affliSiedPerfom^ the bewitch'' d^ as fame of ybur
iHanours know; and in two Days tim^ I was cry'd out upon a-
«/«, and have been confined^ and am now condemned to die.
I ihe Lord above knew my Innocence then, and Ukewife does now,
Lj, at the great Day, will be known to Men and Angels, I .
Uttltion your Honours not for my own Life, for I know 1 mufl
U(Vj and my appointed time is fet; but the Lord he knows ity
V\f it it be pojjible, that no more innocent Blood may be Jhed^
Vd'uh undoubtedly cannot be avoided, in the Way and Courfe
\m go on. I quefiion not but your Honours do to the utmofl of
\m Poiver^ in the Difcovery and DeteSiion of Witchcraft^ and
hmld not be guilty of innocent Blood for the World ; but, by my own
jnnocency, I know you are in the wrong way. The Lard in his
Infinite Mercy direct you in this great Work, if it be his bleffed
Tilly that innocent Blood be notjhed. I would humbly beg of
My that your Honours would be pleafed to examine fame of
\hife confejjing Witches, I being confident there are feveral of
ihm have belied themfelves and others, as will appear, if not
\n this World, I amfure in the World to come, where I am
\mg^ and I quefiion not but yourfelves luill fee an Alteration
fthefe things. They fay myfelfand others have made a League
vith the Devil, we cannot confefs, I know, and the Lord
inmis, as will Jhortly appear^ they bely me, and ft I quefiion
vit iky do others. The Lord alone, who is the Searcher of
Hearts, knows that as I Jhall anfwer it at his Tribunal
\eat, that I know not the leaf} thing of Witchcraft, therefore
cannot, I durfl not bely my Soul. I beg your Honours not to
Ifw/ this my humble Petition, from a poor, dying, innocent
\erfon.

This had no more EfFed on her Judges, than if they
id been of the fame Scufif with the Gibbet ihe was hanged

upon.

iji* ■ '

■'»

■.'I?

Sit

w^^

'^^:"^^' :.

■ -,1 *i,'*'!G|; tP

1 '■',%
I* nil

:[«;/;'!

'54

Martha
€ory.

Mr. Cory
preffcd to
Vtuth,

7he Hijlory of New-England.

upon. When flie took her lall: FaYe\"el of her Husband
Children and Friends, (lie was fo ferious and afFcciing 3$
drew Tears from the Eyes cf almoft all prefent.

Martha Cory^ Wife of Giles Cory^ was exa.mined in the
Meeting-houfe at Salcm^ where, notwithftanding the Work he
,Was going about,Qne of the Minifters,Mr. Noyei^ would be»in
with a Prayer. Mrs. Cory defircd flie might pray alfo, but
was deny'd. Mrs. PariSy the other Minifter's Daughter
was a main Evidence againft her, and another Evidence was
a Spe^Stre. The whole ridiculous and Fool's Play : and fo
indeed was all of it, excepting the tragical Part, which was
abominable and bloody. It was fworn that the Minifter
Parh's Daughter, and two Gth^r Children^ faw a S(>eShe^ or
Ghort, in the Likenefs of Mrs. Cory^ come towards them
wi[h a Book to lign. The chief Men that flood the Folly
of this Examination, were Hawthorn the Juftice, and Ni^^^
the Farfon,

Hawthorn. TP'hy did you affli£i thefe Children ?

Cory. I did not.

Hawthorn. JVho did then ?

Cory, I don't know; but think they are poor diflraftedl
Creatures, and no Heed to be given to what they lay. As
fmall Conjurers as Mr. Noyes and Mr. Hawthorn were, I
wonder they fliould not have found out that, as well as
pretended Witch did.

The othSr moft material Clrcumftances of the Evidena
were, That the Black Man whifper^d Mrs. Cory in the Ear^
that flie had a yellow Bird that ufcd to fuck between her f'n
^ers'^ tlat when floe moved her Lip they were bitten^ whinjk
grafped her Hand they were pinched, I will have done witi
if; 'tis too monftrous and (hocking: Yet the reverend Mi
iter and worfliipful Juftice gave as much Attention to ir,
if they had been pinched and bitten themfelves. Mr, ka\
tells us (he was condemned on the Spe^re's Evidence; yetj
for ought [ fee, both the Juftice and the Minifter died
natural Death. He adds, She concluded her Life with an w
cellent Prayer on the Ladder, protefting her Innocence ti
the very laft. Her Husband, Giles Cory^ a bold llout J
being brought to his Trial, and knowing there were thi
fame Witnefles ready to fwear againft him, as had fworn
gainft the others, he refolved to undergo any kindofDeatl
rather than fubmittotheVerdidtoffuch a Jury. So, forri
fufing to be tried by them, after having pleaded Not Guilt
Hawthorn and the reft of them ordered him to be prefled ti
Death, which was accordingly executed.

■' ■ Ml

"■Tl.e Hijlory fff New-England.

yiu Neal proceeds, *' All that fufTer'd Death on this Oc-r
« carion vent out of the World without the leaft Acknow-
i( ledgtticnt of their Guilt, laying their Blood at the Door
Icoftalfe Witnelfes.'* The following Witches, as Dr. Jlla-
lj)(r calls them , were condemned, but had the good For-
tune to be reprieved ; and that giving the Government a
j little time to think ap lin, they were pardoned : Mirry Brad-
y^i oi Salisbury^ Jblgail Falkner^ of Andovcr^ who plcad-
jedher Belly; for thefe New-England Witches were not the
oldell Qi their Women ; and, by the Evidence agninft Mar-
\ikOon-i ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^*^ ^^^^ Black Man^ i. e. the Devil, did
not think a Girl of ii Years old too young to make a
Witch of, tbo' fome will thinic Ihe was not old enough.
]);rm HdaVy of Beverly, Ann Fcjler^ of Jndoiier^ Rebecca
nams^ of Boxford, Abigail Hobs, of Topsfield, Elizabeth
UrMer, who al(b pleaded her Beliy. There were now 150
iin Prifon, and above 200 more under Accufation, and fevc-
|ial ran away, or, as Mr. Neal fays, they had otherwife been
\\njfd up ivith their Neighbours.

Sir lVillia7n Phips was, as is feen by the Neiv-England
[Hiftory, very much admired for his peculiar Excellencies by
JDr. Cotton Mather ; and I make no Doubt but Sir V/illiam
((qiially admired the Dodlor for his, which I am afraid
IcoiKribuced very much to thelb Perfecntions and Executions,
Dr. Mather^s Zeal in both diftinguilhing him as much as
thing. Had there been a Governor of Penetration and
Refolution equal to his Charader, he would foon have put
Stop to this Extravagance i he would, by his Example,
lijve reftored fuch Juftices and Minillers, as Haivthorn and
P(iw, to the Ufe of their Underftandings, if they had any,
nd there would then have been no Witches in New-Enj^land,
3ne of the Magiftrates, Convin, a Sheriff, made a beiter
Hand of it than moft of his Brethren ; for he feized and car-
ted off to the Value of 1500/. the Effects of Mr. Pbilip
mijhy an accufed Genclemanj and that Corzvin had no
light to it, appears by his reftoring 300/. of i:, the reft
bs lolh 'Tis not to be doubted that the Hopcii of fuch
icizures occafioned many Profecutions, and many more Ac-
[ufations, which would have ended as Ada7'y Ea/l/s diJ,
lad not fome particular Reafons prevailed with the Ma-^^„,„yy^j,^^
pates to give over thefe Profecuaons as hallily as tlicy jcnjed,
egan. One perhaps was, that the Accufations were mak-
|ig; Approaches to their ov;'n dear Perfons.
Dudley Bradjlreet, Efqj- who had grunted out Warrants
gainft 30 or 40 fuppofcd Witches, thinking he had done
nough, refolved to give over, and refufed to grant awy

mure;

'Hfm

•Ii

i,'i I :!■:

;,iH

'1 ^"!

.»

- V

1'f

% ■

\i-

If!

'\i

i 'Ml

156

^e Hi/lory of New- England.

more ; which the Witnefles fo highly refented, that they
accufed him and his Lady of killing no fewer than nine Per.
fons, by bewitching them ; and the Juftice was fo fenfible
of the Pradices of his Brethren in the like Cafe, that
he thought he had no other way of faving himfelf but fly,
ing his Country.

John Bradjircet^ Efq; his Brother, and I fuppofe both
very nearly related to the late Governor, Simon Bradjlrttt
Eftji being alfo fworn againft, fled into Pifcataqua^ out of
Sir IViUiam Phlps's Jurifdidtion. The honeft Witnefles
fwore Mr. Bradjireet rode through the Air upon a Dog to
Witch Meetings. The worfliipful Juftices not only took
the Oath, but would have taken and hang'd Mr. Brai,
^^j.p»( ttjireet. had he not got out of their way; for they put the

Death at a>i-^t^ ' t> 1 a !• • u il' / r*"- ^'tc

^awnpiite. -Dog to Death, as an Accomplice with him.

Capt. John Jldin, a Perfon of ^ good a Charadter for
Senfe, Courage and Virtue, as any in the Country, Uy jj
Weeks in Prifon, and then made his Efcape. Hawthorn^ be.
fore mentioned, Major Gidney, Cot-win the Sheriff, and Mr.
Stoughton too are named as adtive in the Perfecution, of
which himfelf gives a modeft and rational Account, print*
ed by Mr. Neal^ to which I refer. He returned, when
the Storm was over, furrender'd himfelf to the fuperior Court
9X Bojion^ and was cleared by Proclamation, in v^^nV, 165^.
But things went on, as Mr. Neal writes, " in their old
*' Channel, till the AffliSied^ the pretended bewitch'd, over-
" adted their Parts fo far, as to accufe feme of the neareft
" Relations of Dr. Increafe Mather^ and of the Governor
Dr. Mather '* himfelf.'* Nay, then 'twas time to believe there was no-
mid Sir tiding at all in the whole Bufinefs, that the Accufers were
Ph'p's''™,y,y2 criminal, and theaccufed innocent. Accordingly, the very
ReiMiois ac- next Scflions, January^ 1693, three Months before Capt.
exftd. Aiding Return, when no lefs than 56 Bills were preferr*!!
againft Perfons for Witchcraft^ the Grand Jury brought
in 30 Ignoramus, and of the 26 remaining, the Petty Jury'
convidled but three, who being, without Doubt, as in
noccnt as the reft, were pardon'd by the Governor, who!
had found out that the Heads of the People were taking an-
other Turn, and began to be as violently againft the Ac-
cufers, as they had been againft the Accufed, infomuch that!
even their Confeffions would not be taken, as in the Cafe
of Mary Watts ; tho' the Magiftrates werei not forward toj
part with this Occafion of (hewing their Power and Adi-
A Step to vity ; for when the Grand Jury rejedted her Confeffion, look-
the Pre/ecu- ing upoH hcf OS a diftcmper'd Perfon, and brought in tbel
BUI Igmramusy the Court, made up ot fuch as Mr. Haw-'^

tknX

ihi'

tlOM'

The Hijiory of New-England.

'57

lupon

tl0^ Mr- Sidney, Mr. Corwin^ fent them out again, but the
Grand Jury ftood by their Verdid.

gary Ofgcod^ Mary Tyler-, Deliverance Dane, Migail
hhr^ Sarah lyitfon, Hannah Tyler, gave Information, that
they were pradtis'd upon to have ConfcfTions extorted from
tbeini which the Reverend Mr. Thomas Barnard, Mi-
niller at Andover was not acquainted with ; and to prevent
their Recantation, they were told, they fhould go after IVard^
yjill: That thefe Confeffions were drawn from the pretended
Witches by Torments, appears in John Prober's Letter to the
Reverend Mr. Mather, printed by Mr. Neal^ who obferves,
the hanging of Pro£ler and his Fcllow-Frifoners,
fiich MethodiJ as thefe Tortures being made ufe of, it is ^^^^p^^.
f no wonder that the Number of confejjing fVitches amounted y7o«o/w^«4-
" to fifty, not one of whom was put to trial whether they c^"/' 't-
i would abide by their Confeflions when they came to die. '^^"/^',^'

Unhappy Creatures ! who were forced to do the Drudgery

« of taking away the Lives of their Neighbours to fave their

|« own."

As to Sir JVtlliam Phips the Governor's Condud in this

fair, I ihall only add from the fame Hiftorian, " After

fome Time he pardoned all that were under Sentence of

Condemnation -, but before he did that, he treated the ac-

I'cufcd with too much Severity, and countenanced thcPopu-

•Cry againft them." A Man of Genius, equ^l to his Dig-

ijty, would have clear'd the Country of the Accufers, as the

pnlyway of leflening the Number of the Accufed of a Crime,

leither proved nor believed by Perfons in ajuftandfober

ay ot Thinking.

It would be very unjuft to make this Folly and VVickednefs

ational and perfonal. A very great Majority of the reafon-

Ible Inhabitants o^ New- England abhorred thefe defperate

[erfecutions at the Time they were carrying on, as appears by

ilr. Caleb of BoJion*s Anfwer to Dr. Mather, who feems, at

|ie winding up of this Story, to be a little afhamed of his ef-

oafmgit in the Beginning, The Learning, good Senfe and

Moderation of the prefent Minifters and Magiftrares of NetU'

fff^Wareas muchoppofite to the Enthufiafm and Rigour of

pe we are writing of, as Virtue is to Vice : And [they

ould no more countenance fuch Doings as thefe, than the

ifeft and beft of our Magiftrates and Minifters would do.

hdeed, it muft be owned, that too many of the Puritans

forward toHere Enthuftafls, and that their Principles were much more

that they
line Pet-
b fenfible
'afe, that
If but fly,

)ofe both

(a, out of I
Witneffes '
a Dog to
only took
Vlr. Brad'l
ey put the

laradter for |
itry, lay 15
wthorn^ b^ I
f, and Mr. I
ecution, of|
>unt, print

IX and Afti.
jflion, look.]
fught in the|
iMr. Bavi-
tkm

nexceptionable than their Practices. For that they were a$

ady to trufs up Witches in Old England as in New, is prov'd

our Hiftories. Mr. Lewis, Parfon of Bran/Ion in Suffolk,

4. v\as

'■/i*

1-4

tjB\ I

< * ■ti,

i ;

. I'
■ ■ i

• I, ■^vJ.i

[^ I. ;'t ,W -lip

' ' fl;

.l?^.«lf| 1-,;

ijS ^he Hijlory of New-England.

was tried at St. EdmumFa-Bury, before Serjeant Giflcol/i
condemned and hanged as a Wizard in the Parliament
Tiire, And Glanvil/e, a King's Chaplain, a Dignitary in the
Church of England, writes as zcaloufly for the Belief of
Witches as Dr. Mather, and was as forward in the Profe^
cution of ihem, as Mr. Paris or Mr. Barnard in Nnv-Ei,^.
land; nor could 'Squire Hazvthorti, or Major Gidney be more
active in trying and condemning Witches, than wasSir il^aJ
ibew Ha'is, as great and as good a Man and Lawyer as any!
f)f his Age ; bur he was a Puritan, and overftraining thel
Strings of Reformation, aj the Puritans fometimcs did, itjjf
no wonder Ibmc of them broke.

''if

i r ir

1;'

CHAP. IV.

From the Witch-Phgue to the Government oj

Col Didly,

Containing the Space of xo Years.

S the frantic Heat againft one another about Witchcrail
began to abate in New- England, and People I'crioull
reflected on the Cruelty, Wickednefs and Scandal oft
Profecutions and Executions before fpoken of, they could nc|
by examining the Governor's Condudt therein, wear offa
of the Imprelftons that the Lofs of their ancient Privile
in the Charter he brought over had given them of ir,
the Continuance and Increafc of the Taxes for the hik
War, withouc any fuitable Succefs in it j and the little om
Diminution of them even after the Peace was conclude
gave a handle to many to complain of Grievances and Malj
Adminiihation. It is vilible thai Sir Williarn P.ips's Deft
was not in his Heart : He was honeft and virtuous ; he me
well, and did well as far as his Talents enabled him ; but I
mean and to do well according to a Man's Light, is not (
nough for Government, if that Light is any way clouded I
W^eaknefsor Wilfulnels,
jtrthifsof The Difcontentcd having for fome Time contented the
irKp<Hhv;:>,t fclvcs with complaitting, at laft drew up Articles of
fij i.ijfSir ^Q2iQ\^j^Q^^ againft him, and fent them over to the King;

Council, wiih a Petition chat he might be difchargcd fio

,4m

Ibe Hijlory o/" New-England.

159

|,is Government. The Minifters were generally in Friend-
rt,;. 'jrh rhe Governor, who had fallen in with them in the
R /; Bufinefs, and was very well difpofcd to fecond their
I Endeavours of any kind, for the Service of the Church or
thetnfelvcs ; and the General AlTembly were fo much under
j j|,jir Influence at that Time, that they fent over a Petition
contrary to the former, praying that he might be continued
jn his Office. Thele two oppofite Addrellcs could not but
puzzle the Caufe ^ but Sir JViUiam's Friends flattered them-
feives that it would end in his Favour, and he be reftored to
the Government. It might have been fo • yet I cannot but
think he was no better qualified for it than fome that came
after him in it. He had been recalled, and the Matter re-
ferred to a Committeof the Council : But foon after his Arrival
IjtlWs" he fell lick of a malignant Fever, and died. New-Hh Dtatkt
IfwW was now become a great People ; there were at lealt
Ijcoooo Engli^ Souls in the whole Province, and it required
la pretty good Plead, confidering their fermenting Spirits, to
Ikeep good Order among them, without breaking in upon
frade or Liberty. One may perceive that fomething was
wanting, whatever it was, lince fuch a Power as might have
een raifed out of fuch Numbers, was very much fuperior to
[hatofallthc/W/fl« Nations that had any Neighbourhood with
[hem. And yet two or three of them put them to great
Trouble and Kxpence. fFi/liam Stoughton, Efq- was the chief ^;,J^^,^(,„^
Viftrate. We meet with his Name among the Witch- Ej'i!^Cvur'
udges, for which we are the more forry, bccaufe we fliall""''-
nd him hereafter in an Undertaking equally generous and
Ifeful. In the mean time the French would not kz the ///-
mi be at Peace with the Engli/h. They were continually
xciting and tempting them to renew the War. Had the In-
s been left to themfelves, it is likely they would have
icpt their Faith with their Neighbours. The Religion of the
frmh was the worft Thing they learned of them ; for being
?», ihofe of the Barbarians^ who embraced it, hated the
^Jh as much for being Proteitants as being Intruders.
\Sz French having received a Supply of all warlike Stores j,.,^P^^„^,,
Dm Europe, diitributcd them among tlie Savages, and o---*%r/vii.-
Iieed them to break the Peace within iefs than a Year. The^;-'"^'"'^"''*

bariaris were certainly much honeller than the French, as
ipears by their keeping all their Treaties wirh the Englijh,
3m the Piqnot to the PhVJppic War, near 40 Years, till

1004.

[e French corrupted both their Religion and Morals : For if
le lidlam had any Religion at all, it muO be better than
hat the Friers taught them, a Sample of which may be fecn
iMr. AWsHillory. ^-

z^6>

I it 1.

:^M\

I ;i

; .,*?

1M "^V'lii^illli!

i-i

M'*y

;M4

■} i' ft'-m

'4 h\ •

'a < i^l"i

WSam

1 60

ne Hi/lory of Ncw-EngLijd.

One Buckford couragioufly defended his Houfc againft them
who defpairing to reduce him before Succours came leflj
him, and going to Mrs. Cw/j's Farm, near Pifcataway^ \\^\
murdered her and her Family. They made an Incurlion into
MiddUfex County i and aflaulted Grfl/(7'/, but were bravely re,
pulfed by Lieutenant Lukin : Upon which they fell to pjm,.
dering the Plantations thereabouts, killed 20 Prifoncrs, and
'^a'^^fthT carried 10 or 12 more into Captivity. They killed one of
jvl/i/rfftflw. the Children of Mr. Grejham' Hobart the Minifter, and car- 1
ried off another with them. They murdered three Perfons «
Work, near Spruce Creaky and eight more ziKiitery, where
they barbaroufly ufed a Daughter of Mr. Downin^^ akin I
fuppofe to Sir George Downing, who was a New-Englandman
and would have made an excellent Witch Judge, as appearjl
by his hanging Col. Okey his Mafter, as we read in our Hifto.!
rie?. The Savages fcalp'd this young Woman, and left her
for Dead, but flie was living twenty Years after. Mr. jA
feph Pike of Newbury^ Under-Sheriff of Ejfexy was tnurdcr.l
ed by them between Amejbury and Haverhill^ in that County.l
sSam"e To recompence thefe Lofles, the Englijh feized Bemma^tiA
Bomtnafeen 3 famous Segamorty one of thofe that fign'd the laft Treaty!!
tuktn. He pretended to. be juft come from Canada, and that he
came on purpofe to endeavour to put an End to the Hoflj^
lilies ; but it being proved that he was a principal Adtor in the
late Murders, he was fent Prifoner to BoJIon, as a Spy. Thd
Taking of Bommafeen flunned '^the /^i^r'anx a little, and the
. , were quiet for fix or feven Months. Among the Interpreter^
^ at the Pemmaquid Pace, we meet with Sheep/cettJohn,a
called from a Place of that Name where he had been co
verted to Chriftianity by Mr. Elliot. He then turned Pa^
and was now a Papijf. This Sheepfcott pretended Ml to havJ
a Kindnefs for the Englijh, and to ftiew ir, was very forward
in promoting an Accommodation. A Fleet of Canoes camj
to an Ifland a League from Pemmaquid, and fent Propoii
of Peace to the Garrifon. They owned their Guilt in break]
ing the laft Articles, but threw the Blame of it on th
French. As a Proof of their Sincerity now, they delivero
up eight Captives j fmall Proof, when they had above loij
ftill in Captivity. However a Truce was granted for jd
Days, and Col. Philips, the gallant Major Conven, and Lieu
tenant Colonel Hawthorn, lam afraid he was a JVitch]\ii^
were appointed Commiffioners to treat with thofe on thcPi
of the Indians^ But becaufe they brought not Bmmjii

^je Hijiory ^/New-England. 16 1

^jjhthcm, whofe Rclcafemcnt was all they wanted. The
yian Commiflioncrs broke off the Conference, and went
j^vay in Difguft. They had left the EtigUjh Captives in their
Captivity, contrary to their Promife to relcalc them as a
preliminary, which was a plain Indication they were not in

Earncft.

Advice was immcdiarely lent to all the Englijh Garrifons
in the Eaji to be upon their guard j notwithilanding which
Major Hammond of Kitttry fell into an Ambufcadc, and was A/<i;«rHain-
talcen Prifonerj but having the good Fortune to be tranf- ^^^"Ij"**"
[ported to Canada^ he was very civilly treated by Count /Van- Redetmedhy
\unacy who bought him of his Indian Maflcr, and fent him^'""" ^^^^'
jto Bofion by a Veflel that came to ^ebtc for Exchange of ""*^*
Iprifoners.

hAuguJiz?zxVf o{ Indians came down to BdUrica on 7.^, Indians
JHorfeback ; this was pretty far within the Majfachufets.fi^fl ridea
|Xhey killed and took i <; Perfons, and plundered Mr. Ro- w<"^A*«"**
hffii Houfe. This was the firft Time the Indians ever
jmadc ufe of Horfes any other way than to eat them. They
lilew Serjeant March and 3 Men near Pemmaquid, and fix
liDorc as they were rowing a Gondola round a Point above
[the Barbacan. They took nine People out of Newbury in
W, and being clofely purfued by Capt. GreenUaf, a valiant
tid diligent Officer, they To wounded them, when they
Pound they could not keep them, that they all died except
Lad.

Capt. March, Governor o^ Pemmaquid Fort, defiring to
by down his Commiflion towards the latter End of this Year,
was fuccecded in it by Capt. Chub, too little known, and
much trufted. He fliewed the Bafenefs of his Spirit as
tell as the Weaknefs of his Underflanding in one of his firlt
bloits, after he had the Command of this Garrifon, by
urdering Edgeremet and Abenquil, two other principal 5^-
mres, who had figned the lait Treaty, and came to him on
fffurance of Security to confer about a new one.
The next Year one John Church o( ^obechoy who had ^^9^'
\xa a Prifoner feven Years before, and made his Efcape,
«s retaken and put to Death. Thomas Co/e of fVells, and
iWife, were flain, and li Perfons were maflacred near
hrtfmouth. In jiuguj} the French landed Ibme Men out
a Man of War, the Newport, which they had taken
om the Englijh^ to alfift the Indians. This News lb frigbt-
1 the Traitor Chub, that he iurrendered the new and Ihong "^^^^l^^^.'/^J,
brtof Pemmaquid, without the firing of one Gun wiihin or up pmmi
Ithout, tho' Chub had near 200 Men in it double armed. q^i<ii^""»«
|e confirmed the conftant A'laxini, ThacRalcals are Cow-

iM ards.

vtrt

:ir''

■■),f.

1: (<i

>!v

^'1

d- ,1

nha

ne Hijcry c/* New-England.

iji"

trds, artd abandoned his Truft, tho' the French had not fur.
nifhcd thcmfclves with any Materials. The furprixjng Ncwj
x)f this Lofs, caufed a mighty Conftemation at Bo^on^ ond all
over New-England, Governor Siaughton and the Council
immediately ordered three Men of War in purfuit of the
French j tho' it was little liiccly that thcfe Ships could be fit-
ted for that Service time enough to come up wifh iue Ene-
my, who having done their Bufiners at P^m:.',auuid better
than they could hope for, were gone far enough oat of the
reach of the Englijh. Col. Gidfuy^ I doubt aiiother lyiui,
Judge, marched with 500 Men to the Eaft, but the Indiant
were gone home, and he could do nothing but ftrengthen the
Garrifon there. The Savages before their Retreat killed Hve
Soldiers belonging to Saco Fort, who mud not be with their
Garrifon : And one may obfcrve, that the f rexteft Mifc Ket
the Indians do, is by the Ambufhes and Surprizes^ \ ii,h,l
confidering how the Barbarians were almoft intermixeci \,itt
them, it is ftrange they (hould not be aware of r\i uard 1. 1
<galnft; for the Coontry muft by this Titnc^ and this
means, be, in a manner, «s well known to them as to the;
•Savages. Col Gedney arreiled Clmb^ and brought hitnto
Bojhn ; but nothing treafonable being proved againft him,
the Government only took away his CommifBon, and ibitl
him hence to his Houle zt^ndover-i in EJfex County.
ThiStrimth Some Time after this, the 7»M//VnM entered //<7t;/rA/7/, notj
*ndSfntntft (ix from Andover^ where prefently they will meet with CkA
•/"»""*•' and carritci off 30 Captives, one of Whotn was Hmah
i;unftan. £>^^^^^ ^ Woman of a tnafculme Spirit. She had laid i
not above a Week, yet fhe and her Nurfe walked 150 Mik
on Foot, to the Town where the Indian ihe was to fei
lived. This Woman being afterwards to travel with
Mafler and his Family, to a Rendezvous of the Army of 1
Savages, where, according to the diabolical Cuftomofthc
ihe, her Nurfe, and other £ir^/^ Prifonera, were to runt
Gantlet, Hannah watched her Opportunity in the N^
and having animated her Nur<c and an Englijh Boy whov
with her, rbey three killed 10 o: :.i: Indians with their w^
Weapons, and made their Lfcp^xvi 'orwhi .idlion
received a Reward of 50/. trum tlie General Adembly,
Prefents frcim particular Perfons to a good Value.
Barbarians continuing their Inroads killed a Manat^rij
another at Hatfield, a third at Grotm^ and a fourth at £21
te:\ which fliews us tliat the New-England People wcrej
conftant Danger and harafi'd on every iide. There is 1
judging at this Diftance of the Situation of this Country i
Affairs i but at firft it is aftoniihiQg (hat fucb Numbenj

The Hiflory tif New-England.

l^^^t^^ flj were then D^re well armed and ftorcd, cotild ro
^ter defend themleJves againft a few Savages, as ill armed
,5 clothed, for the generality. They furprized and (hoc
Major Frtfi and hii two Sons at BnwicJk, as they were com-
ing from Church one Sunany-, and going to his own Houfe
about five Miles off. Two Men ' hat rid Pod to carry this
unwelcome News to the Governor o£//W/f fell into an Am»
bufcadcasthey were returning, and were kiJlei, as were three
lUcn nczr Nf-Cbatuannic, . nd drcautuJ Defoiation threaten*
((jthe^vhole Province, certainly more for waui of Manage-
jfljcnt than of Power.

ifhe Savages roafted a Man to Death a Mile and a half
jjom /fif//'. Three Soldiers at Saco Fort, as hey wt e cut«
I tiig Firewood for the Fort at Cnv-JJland, wc " (hot Dead,
' hiJ i'ieutenant FUtcher^ with hb two Sons, v uo were ap-
Ifti.^ (1 l<)r their Guard, were a Fowling in the Woodsy buc
|(be Lieutenant and his Sons paid dearly for their NegMgencc ;
m tlicy ^^ ^^^ •^ Ambufcade as they returned, ai ^ were
lill three taken Prifoners. The Father and one of his Sons
I io Captivity, and the other made his ETcape. Does not
confiroi the Douht I have all along had, that the .o^
ftbefc Ambuiicades, which is the main Lois of the En HJh
\i)x!ir IfuHany/Ara^ was in fl great meafure owing to their
Negligence or Raflineis ?

In the Beginning of the following Year, the Govemmerri!
lUtW' England was alarmed with Advice that the French a '
tfoda intended to make a Defcent there. That a Squadrot.
[Men of War was come froxo France to Tupport the Army
Indians vjA French ».that were to attack the Englijh by
nd. The Lieutenant-Governor and G)uncil psepared for
vigorous Defence j the Forts about Btfton were repaired,
[Militia throughout the whole Province raifed, and well
lipiined; Major March was ordered to the £^ with 500
ten to foour the Woods i the /ff</itf«j, who were gathering
er about Cafca Bay, retired ^s he approached them \
the Major having put his Men on board Tome Ships,
[(led up amoog the Eajigrn Ida&ds, and landed on the Banks
\Damfc9tus River ; a very prudent Meafure, for he could
9t have overtaJcen the Indians by Land before they were got
KO their FaHneffes. The Jnaiam feeing this fell upon bis
fen as they were getting aHiore, but hindered not their
nding. Upoa which a i£arp Engagement enfued, and the
llijh drove the Knemy to their Canoes, a Fleet of which
i in the River to receive them. The EngHJh had about
i Men tilled, and a6 many wounded. The Enemies Lofs
doubUcii) lauch^cater , but the ixuio Advantage to the

163

1697,

mk\

If'

it*i.

■n

'■m .. §

ft'

164

^he Htjlory of New-England.

Ihim

miM%^

iff 'r

■ 17'' ifia

the Miii'Jlcr
iitUd.

1697.

f,tf)^ Cluib
killtd.

EngUJh was, the preventing the Indiam joining with the
French y who were approaching with Ships of War and Tranf,
ports for a Defcent, but hearing of the Rout of their Con-
federates, they made the beft of their way home to Europi
with the French Troops on board. '

About the fame Time the Earl of Bellamontj whom King
JVilliam had appointed Governor of New-England^ fet fail j^
the Deptford Man of War for his Government, in which Nm,
yirk was alfo included. He had a very long Paflage, being
driven by ill Weather as far out of his way as Barbados^

A/rwhit'iiR Before his Arrival on the Continent, a Parry of Savages i
made an Incurfion into M'lddkfex^ and plundered Lancajhr j
killing twenty Men, among whom was the Reverend Mr!
John ff^hiting the Minifter, and carried five into Captivity.
A Month after they killed a poor Man in the Woods near
Oi/?er River. In the Beginning of the next Year, they madej
a Defcent upon Andover^ and killed Capt. Chub and his Fa-j
mily. They kWkd Col Dud/ey Brad/ireet, whom the Witcli|
Judges would have taken, had he not got out of their reach!
they took his whole Family, and were carrying them off, butl
being clofely purfued, they difmifled them without doing
them any Mifchief. This Indian War looks more like dia
Stdirts o( Banditti, than the military Exploits of a fair Enemy]
The Savages were now in motion to the Weftward, anj
killed a Man and a Boy in the Meadows near Hatfield. The
were purfued by a Party of EngUJh from Deer field, of whicj
one was killed by the Indians^ who after that ran to th
Woods. They had attempted Deerfield on Conne^icut RJ
ver, but were beaten off by the Inhabitants, headed'by thti
Minifter Mr. John IVilUams.

Therefinall Adions feem to prefage the End of thisWa|
which the Savages were as weary of as the Englifl), and
no Profped: of making any thing of it againft a People j
much fupef ior to them in Numbers, Arms and Stores.
they ended it with the better Grace, by means of the Peaj
of Ryjiuick, between England and France: Upon whij
Count Fronienac fent to the Sachem of the i/«r«»j,
told them he was now no longer to fupport them in tb
War againft the EngUJh, and advifcd them to make thet

ThtE^t'i of Terms they could for themfelves. The Earl of Bellmi

B'lUmonc
Covernur.

end if the

kanijhthefe

Im^. Maj(

' on the Foot

formal Subr

' land, in the

hj/HER

J " Agrem
\fmfaid, or J,
hjthe French
'"^efifsSub
hurned him U
\hhmiffion the'^
Wherefore i
nore?, Captai
Wiethe Rivers Oj
lijacent, bein^
nflying with
the Sufferii
)urfdves unto, t
'this upon his 1
}dllm and f^ioi
his Majeji/s I
'mrfdves, am
kersand Plai
ilj of Great ,
myand fmci
^limly renew,
fd Jgree/nents
Jd in Te/iimo
Si principal A.
CafcoBay, n,
'tenth Year of
'lird, Jnno^il

the Prefence
[James Conver

was by this Time arrived at New-Tor k, and a Treaty iforBr.m,.,,., c

ohn Giles, /«l

Peace with the Indians being fet a foot, he difpatched 1
Conver s and Co], Phi lips, to confer with the Indian SachemJ
Penohfcot. They began the Conferences OSiober 6, inwbl
the Sachems cxcufcd themfelves for breaking the Peace,
ing, The Jefuiti would not Ut th(m elorn till they hadimk

Scodook, alia\

in theBeginnil
^^io Bo/ion,

^he Hijlory of New-England.

tni'if the Earl ^/'Bellamont and Count Frontenac ivoufdmt
ianijh ihefe Devils^ they could not promt fe the next Peace would la /I
Im- Major Convers and Col. Philips concluded with them»
on the Foot of the lafl: Treaty, to which they added a more
formal Submiffion to the Sovereignty of the Crown oi Eng-
hndi in ^h^ lollowing Words.

165

\W-

HERE A S notwithjlandlng the aforefaid Submijfion and Thr formal
Agrement, the /aid Indians belonging to the Princes a- Suhmijf,nr, of

ifmja'td^ orfome of them^ through the ill Connfel and Infiigation tot:>cCr„wn

if ike Frenchy have perpetrated fundry HoliUtiesagain/ihisof\L:v^\:^nd.

Uajiflfs Subjects the Englilli, and have not delivered and re-

tumd him thefeveral Englilh /« //;<?/> Hands ^ as in the/aid

Umiffion they covenanted^
Wherefore we^ whofe Names are hereunto fubfcribed, Sega-
lores, Captains and principal Men of the Indians, belonging

Kiht Rivers (?/Kennebcck, Arnmonofcoggin,Saco, and Parts
<h:ent^ being fenfible of our great Offence and Folly ^ in not
ifiljing with the aforefoid Submijfion and Agreement^ and alfo
the Sufferings and Mifchiefs that we have hereby expofed

Mrfilves unto, do in all humble and fubmifftve Manner cajt our'-
kts upon his Maje/ly's Mercy, for the Pardon of all cur Re^
\tlhns and Violations of cur Promifes, praying to be received in-
his Majeflfs Grace and Protehion, and for, and in behalf
'mfdves, and of all the other In^xim belonging to thefeveral
Ivirs and Places aforefaid, within the S'svereignty of his Mw
'/)' cf Great Britain, do again acknowledge and profefs our
my and fincere Obedience to the Creifw «/' Engl and, and do
\kmfy renew, ratify and confirm, all and every the Articles
\i Agreements contained in the aforefaid recited Submiffton:
•i in Teflimony h. reof we, the Jaid Segamores, Captains
i principal Men, have hereunto fet our Hands and Seals,
Cafco Bay, near Mare's Point, the yth Day o/Janiiary, m
tenth Tear of the Reign of his Majejiy King William the
ird, Annoq;Dom, 1698-99..

Subfcribedby Moxus, and the
\ th Prrfence of rejl of the Segamores prcfnt.

[Jatnes Convers,
[Cyprian Southack,

John Giles, /«/^r/>rr/^r,

Scodook, a//'<7f Sampfon. .

... the Beginning of the next Spring, the Earl o^ Bellamcnt
He to Bojlon, and held a General Affembly, I do not

M 3 think

^"■' >?

'^i

fc*

!-'■

i- ■-iltt

rM,

V i;

■'A

■■•1 ,■ ^

^/!V

11 .'-AM.

Capt. Kid,
$he Pirate,
ttktn hire.

166 ^e Hi/!ory of New-England.

thinic he treated the great Colony of Nrjo-Endgland hand-
{oveXyj to turn bis Back upon them, and make New-York
the Place of his Relidcnce ; New-Tori being the younger
and the fmaller Cobny, (hould certainly have given Place
to New- England in the Favour of the Governor. Neither
can I conceive, that Governors of Provinces, who are fcnt
or fhould be fent thither for the Good of the People
only, are at Liberty to fit down where they pleafe for
their Conveniency or Pleafure, without Regard to the In.
tereft and Conveniency of the major Part of their People,
Z am apt to believe, that the Earl of Bellamonth Stay at
Boflotty tho' not very long, would have been ihorter, had
he not been looking out for Capt. Kid the Pirate, whofe
Villainy in betraying thofe noble Perfons who had em.
ploy*d him in an honeft laudable Adventure, and turn-
ing Robber, had made a great Noife in England, andi
brought feveral honourable Names in Queftion ; amonJ
others, the Earl of BeUamont\ who detefted Kid^% ^^^
Treachery as much as any Man could do. He was fel;
at BoJioHy by Order of the Governor, and fent Prifom
to England, where he was examined concerning hisPiracii
by Committees of Parliament, and afterwards tried, coi
demn'd and executed.

The Earl oiBelkmont returning to New-Tor k at thelatti
End of the Summer, Lieutenant-Governor Stoughton refuo)
the Adminiftration in his Abfence. There being no M
War in the fucceeding Year, there will be litde or no Ai
confiderable enough for Hiftory. Trade went on in its m
tural ufual Courfe, with the accudomed Fluduations, Ao
dents and Weathers; and Seafons friendly and unfriendly,
rather Matter for Philofophical Tranfadions, than Politii
t/ot. But we muft not omit that, on the loth of March, 170;
a dreadful Fire broke out in the Houfe of Mr. Jti
George, at Bo/ion, which confumed fever^ Streets, damagi
others, burnt 9 Ware-houfes, with a vail Quantity of Goods,
When the War between England and France broke 01
in 1702, the Indians did not think fit to interefl themfeli
in it, by breaking with the EngHJh in this Part of Amm
but the Government and Merchants of New- England fii
out feveral Privateers which, in a few Weeks time, were
fuccefsful, that they took fourteen French Merchani
and three Capers. The Earl of Bellanunt dying this Yi
Queen Anne, it being the firfl Year of her Reign, appoini
Jofeph Dudley, E(q; to be Governor oi New-England. Si
ly it was not his falling in with the MeaTuresof the abdicii
King James that recommeoded him to Ae then

p] Engkm
Me, that
10 the Que
\jras prefen
fhips, E/q;
by them pt
his future C
Papiil than

From Col

THISGc
i to the (

tryj but I d<
Liberty, fo m

In ^703, tl

Fmch Invafio]

l^ew-England

Xm before,

way Liberty q

%ion of NetL

Colony was i

Ml, that, no(

ten 7 or 8

of Foot, com|

bothgallaot

[two Years, buj

Two Years 1

17 Ihherville,

;aifaJ20oo/,fJ

" A {^nd fef

id Materials

ring nor recc

io more prolpe

The New-

cre fucceftfq

;'»»f', and ti

■ondition,ejpc]

'tcewQfliitil

He Hifiory, o/* New-England.

jp England for this Truft and Dignity ; but it is remarka-
Ijje^ that the Addrefs wjiich the New-Engkhd People fent
to the Queen to con|B}ratulate her Acceffion to the Throne^
was prefented by IVilliam Vaughan^ Efqj and Conjiantint,
Phips, E^qi The latter, one would think, was empbyed
by them purely becaufe he was Sir fViillam's Namefake; for
{lis future Condud die wed that he had much more of the
papift than the Preibyurian iq him.

1 6.

•t!

CHAP. V.

From Col. Dudley' % Government to Mr. Belcber*s.

THIS Governor, Mr. Dudley^ was the more acceptable
to the Colony, for that he was a Native of the Coun-
I try } but I don't find he bad its Inierefts, as to Religion and
Liberty, fo much at Heart as hi$ Anceftors had.

In X703, the People of Jamaua were in great Fear of a

fr^/ifHnvafion, and deiircd Help from the Government of

\}^nv-Engiand 'y the* the Jamaicatis had, not very many

Ye^rs before^ been very forward in pafling Laws to take ar

jway Liberty of Confcience from fuch as profefled the Re^

monof Nnv'Englawiy as by Law eflabliOied^ yet this

tColony was (o zea!o^s for the natural Good of the Pub-

llick, thatj^ notwithftanding the Length of the Voyage, of-

Iteo 7 or 8 Weeks,, they fent to Jamaica two Compani«s

lof Foot, commanded by Col. Walton an4 Capt. Lawrence^

|i)Oth eallatu; Officers, who arrived (afe, and ferved thei(e

|two Years, but loft many of their Men by Sicknef^

Two Years aftei^ when Nevis was plundered and ruined

by IbhervilUy the Government of Nfvj-England generoufiy

IraiM 2000 /, for the Relief of the diftreijod People of that

Hand, {^d fent it in Otrgoes of Flower, Salt, Provifions,

nd Materials for building, on board two Ships, neither de-

tiring nor receiving any Returns, when tl^^t lil^d catnip in-

^0 qore profperoi^s Circumftances.

The New- England Privateers, a|id Letter of Mark Ships

nt fuccefsful in their Capture? during this War wiih

Francf, and the Colony remainec} ip a flouriOiing and quiet

Condition, ejjcepting th^Wrq^ling^i a^ng tj^cmlelYcs about

H f They

!iS :'i

I :<>'"V

Uj if -I

1'%:

ih^L"^!

.» ..*^

I "

1 68 7/^^ Hy/?ory 0^ New-England.

They took Part in the Glories acquired by the Arms of

Great Britain in the War, to recover Spain and the lygji,

Indies out of the Hands of the Houfe of Bourbon. They

were always ready to come into any Meafures that fliould bg

projedied for carrying on the War againft the French in thefe

Indies-^ among which, the Expedition to Canada was the

mofl: agreeable to them, as a means to rid them o\ i\^

troublefom Neighbourhood of the French at Quebec. This

was concerted before the fatal Battle of Almanza^ and a

good Body of Troops were intended to embark for Nevo^

England^ to be joined by the Forces of that Province. The

Defign was great and good, and the Miniftry that form'd it

would have profccuted it with Zeal and Vigour, had not

the Troops wliich were intended for that Embarkation been

order'd for Spuin or Portugal^ on News of the Extremity

to which the Forces of the Allies were reduced in thofe

Kingdoms. The Expedition to Canada was then fo for.

ward, that the Earl of Sunderland^ then Secretary of State

fent an Advice- Boat to Bojhn^ with Orders to the Com'

mandersof the Qijeen's Ships there, and to the Perfonwho

had engaged to provide Stores for the Fleet and Army, to have]

all in Readinefs, for the Forces were about to embark, and

the Ships to fail ; but the bad News before-mentioned was!

the Hindrance at that time. Thus was the E:^ecution ofj

that Projedt left to a Set of Minifters, who had nothingf

more in their Heads than how to fecure themfelves in theirj

new Employments, by turning their Friendfliip from the!

Confederates to France. What Likelihood then, that a De

fign would be well executed, when it would, in fuch CafeJ

have deprived rhe French of the means of increafipg theii

Trade and Power in America. Be that as it will, 'tis cerj

tain that no Body, who confider'd the good Confequences oj

fuch an Enterprize, if fuccefsful, and was perfedly well acj

quainted with the Charadters of the Perfons that were employ'c

in it, expeded any thing good from it, towards anfwerin

the End . propofed by the Confederates by that War wil

France. The Officers and For':es, by Sea and Land, appoin|

cd for this Service, were fuch as promifed as much as coul|

be done by military Adions ; but thofe at the Head of th

Projed: were reckon'd both ignorant in fuch Matters, an

very far from being hearty in what was pretended to by it.

The General, Mr. Hilly was "Brother to Mrs, Majht

which was thought to be the moft prevailing Article of

Merit for fo high a Preferment, tho' otherwife a gallant l![i

and the Admiral, Sir Hovtnden Walker ^ was known to baij

abandoned himfclf to all the Sentiments of thofe that wej

then about brewing the Peace. Tlf

T'he Hiftory of New-England. . 169

the Regiments cmbark'd were Col. Kirk's^ Col. HlWsy
Col. Clayton^Sf Col. lVindrofi*s, Col. Kane's, Col. Difney's^
jnd Col. Churchill's. The Men of War were the Ed^ar^
Munmouth, Devon/hire, Humber, Swiftfure, Kin^JIand, Sun-
iirliindf Montagu and Dunkirk, which were to be reinforce4
by Other Ships in the IVeJl-Indics.

After feven Weeks and three Days Sail, the Fleet of Men Jan' i^i
of War and Tranfports anchor'd in the River of N'antaskety^'^"'
near Bo/lun in New-England. The Caftle of Bojlon having
given the ufual Signal of the Approach of fevcral Ships in
the Bay, about Noon the Alarm began, and in an Hour's
(ime the Troop of Guards and a Regiment of Foot were
ynd r Arms, and other Precautions taken for the Defence of
the Place j but the Inhabitants were foon agreeably furprized **

with News, that the Ships arrived in the Bay were Englijh.

Governor Dudley being then abfent, the Gentlemen of
the Council received General Hill and Admiral Hovenden at
their landing, the Troop and the Regiment ftill under
Arms. The Forces on board were order'd alhore, and to
j incamp in Noddes Ifland, where they were drawn up in Or-
der of Battle. The Government ot New-England rnade all
polTible Difpatch in getting ready i\\^\x ^uota of Men, as
[had been propofed, with Tranfport-Ships for this Service;
but when the Fleet mifcarry in the River of St. Lawrence^
and the Projed was entirely ruined, the Projedtors, or ra-
ther the Miniflers in England gave out, that the Mifcarriage
was entirely owing to the Backwardnels of the Preparations
in New-England. The Publifher of the Political Statr^
I who was at firft a Tool of thefe Minifters, tho' being bauk*d

his great Expedations from them, he afterwards return'd to
\Ui Huguenot Principles, writes thus, October 1711. *' Thofe

who had the principal Management of this Expedition

I" were made to expedb, that, upon the Arrival of the Fleet

["in New- England, they would find there all the necef-

I" fary Supplies of Provilion ; but, contrary to their Expedla-

r tion, above five Weeks elapfed before all things could

I" be got in Readinels." But Mr. Dummer's Remark on

this Cenfure (hews, what a poor Excufe the Managers lud

Recourfe to. *' When the great unfortunate Expedition whs

" fet on Foot againft Canada, the N/w-England People

r furniHied more than the Quota aOTigncd them, and pro-

" vided all NecelTaries for the Britijh Troops in fo lliort a

I" time, that if they had not been animated by an exrraor-

I" dinary Zeal, would not have been poffiblc ; and fuch a

I" Fleet and Army, wanting the NecelTaries they did, could

" not have been difpatch'd on fo fliorc Warning from any

. . " Port

I I

i'y

\m '■:'!

■ Mi''

■1
I* ■ .

is^i.

170

Frefent
Srate 1711.
oaober.

77je Hiftory of New-England.

** Port in England. " This Gentleman was many Year*
Agent for Nnv-Engiand at London; a Man of Senfc, Leani.
ing and Experience. Tlie Colony, at this tinje, had a good
B^y of Troops, two of their Regiments were commanded
by Col. Hf^alton and Col. retch, befides 5 or 6000 regular
£riti/h Troops, and about 2000 Men of New- England,
There were to march, from New-Tori to ^ebec, 2000
Englijh and 2000 Indians of the five Nations. Thus the
whole Army, when joined, would have been above locoo
Men; and the Fleet confifted of 15 Men of War, befidej
Bomb fhips, Firefliips, Tenders andTranfports j a Naval and
r,and Force fufficient to have driven the French out of ih«
Continent, and all the Iflands of America, if it had been
managed aright, and as it ought to have been. This Fleet I
was fo fliatier'd and broken by bad Weather, and bad N».
vigation, almoft as foon as enter'd the River of St. Lawnnct
that ttiey got out of it as faft as they could, with the LoTs
Cif many Ships and many Men. A large, but a tneiancholy
Account of it, may be feen in the News- Papers of thefcl
times, to which 1 refer.

The Aflembly of New-England fitting foon after the Return I
of the Ships from the River of St. Lawrence, and a terrible Fire
wholly deftroying a good Part of the City cfB£/ion,the GoveN |
nor made a Speech, wherein, among other things, he (aid,

" Before we proceed, I muft offer you my fincere Senfel
** and fincere Condolence of the Fleet and Forces fent hither |
** by her Majefty's fpecial Favour.

** I have had time enough, fince the Account thereof, to I
** confider the feveral Articles of her Majefty*s Command tol
** this Government, for the putting forward this Expedition.!
*' 1 cannot charge this Aflembly with ncgleding any ParticiKl
** lar J but, on the contrary, when I perufe the Journals ofj
" the Proceedings, I think there was Provifion, and Et.j
pedition made in every Article, referring to Soldiers, Arnil
cers, Pilots, Tranfports and Provifion for the Service of[
her Majefty's Briti/h Forces, as well as our own. I hopel
you will fee Reafon to confider and reprefent home, fori
our Juftification, that it may be demonftrated thatwel
** were in earneft to do our Duty to the utmoft for our)
•* own Benefit ai 1 Eftablifliment, as well as her Majeftv'sf
Honour and juft Right fet down in the Inftrud^ions tori
the Expedition.

** Befides this great Article, you have in your View tli
moft (brrowfiil Providence of God, in fufrering fo grei
a Part of this Town to be confumed by Fire, and, 1
mong the reft, the publick Buildings, which, if the hear

« Debi^l

«i

«c

^e Hijfory of New-England. 17 1

X Debts tbac the War has unavoidably brorght upon us, will
« allow us to reftore, this Gencfal Afleiably muft confider
« what is proper for them 10 grant, and what Diredions
<< and Orders are neccflary to put upon the particular Per-
« Tons that will rebuild their Houfes-, to fecure the Buildings
<> from the like Defolation.

The Town of Bojim rofeout of its Allies more beautifu!
and more fecure than before j in a few Years after the G)n-
^arion, the Inhabitants there, and through the whole Go>
vernment, continued increafing in Number, Trade and
Wealth

Early in the fuccceding Reign, the Government of Nsw' samuei
inland was given by King George to Col Samuel Shute, ^^^^> ^/f«'
Brother to the late Lord Barnngton. This Gentleman had *'"'*^*
ferved in the Army under the Duke of Marlborough in Ger-
mn^i and received feveral Wounds at the Battle of Dona-
vitrt in the Territories of Bavaria^ where he commanded
a Tiwp of Horfe. The Affcmbly do not forget this, in
their fir^ Addrefs to him, in Anfwer to his firfl Speech to
them, in November ^ iji6, in which is this Paragraph. 1716.

Gody who has ofttn preferred your valuable Life, amidji a
thufand Dangers, in the Field of Battle, was then gracioujfy
fhajed to referve youy wi Iruft, in Favour and Happinefs
ttthit-People'^ and your Excellency having fought andvtntwed
\jiifar in the Caufe of Liberty and Rd'gion, the Marks
Vihereof you will wear with Honour to the Grave, will, with
f^al Glory now defend the Peoplt committed to your Charge
in their Rights and Properties.

The AlTembly provided a very handfom convenient Houfe
for the Refidence of this Governor j but I know not how
they dealt with him as to Salary. I find, by his Speech,
there was no fettled Salary for the Governor or Lieutenant-
Governor at that time. If AiTemblies were permitted to
cbufe fuch Gentlemen of their Province to govern them
as they knew to be well qualified for and worthy of the
Station, nothing would be more reafonable than that they
iliould make Provifion for his Salary and Dwelling, as it is
alfo when a Governor who is fent from England is agreeable
to them by Knowledge, or an e(hbli(h'd Chara£ter; but
if the Cafe is otherwife, the Ajfcmblies of NeW'England at
leaft will never be eafy in parting with their Money to fuch
Gentlemen as come to or contend with them againft their

One would have little thought, when we were following
the firft Englijh here in inextricable Wouls, and had nothing
of any thing but clearing the Way for them at prodigious

£xpenct

i^H' ''^i

K':^

\> •■

K "M^

■H ■*^t-4.

m£

€l

ce
<c

€(

172 Tlbe H'lftory of New-England.

Expcnce and Labour, that in little more than fourfcore
Years there fhould be Complaint of wafting of Woods and
clearing the Country for Culture ; but we fet fomcthine
like it, by what Governor Shute fays for a Law to pre.
vent it. •

*' Notwithflanding the Law pafs'd in England for en:
couraging Naval Sfstrs^ and for the Frcfervation of /^/;,;^
Pine-trees, his Majefty has been informed that great
Spoils are daily committed in his Woods, in the Province
of Atain, ^nd in fome Parts oi MaJJachufefs-tiay^hy cutting
down and putting to private Ufe fuch Trees as tnay be
proper for the Navy Royal ; therefore he rccoiii mends
that all Laws againll it may be put in Execution, and
•' new ones be made, il- thofc are not fufficient. " He pro,
pofed to the Aflembly the refitting the Fort of p£nm:/juid
or the building another, that might be a grearci Security [o
the Frontiers,

The good Intelligence between Governor Shute and the
Affembly, kept things in fo great Order and Quiet, thatliitlc
material offers in his time for Hiftory.
J7^T- In the Year after his Arrival, he made a Voyage to Ken-

nebeck River, where he had an Interview with the S,gmous
or Leaders of the Indians in the Eajl, who had received
very ill Impreflions of the Engli(h from the Frenc') Priefts,
who frequently vifued them from Canada. Thele iV^^a.
nmny ill ungated by thofe Priefts, challenged the Lands the
Englijh Iw.d fairly purchafed and long poll'eis'd. And here
'tis fit to obferve, that the Englijh in this Province have the
beft Title to their Pofleffions, that of Bargain and Salr^ a
Title the Spaniards^ and we fear, the French^ have not the
Pretence to for any of their American Settlements, unlefs
the Example of the Englijh had led them into the like Pur-
chafes. The Segamores gave chemfelves grand Airs, and de-
manded that no future Settlements ftiould be made nor Forts
ereded ; nay, not on Ground within the Englilh Purchafe;
but Governor Shute told them, in Soldier-like Terms, l'A\
not part with an Inch of what belongs to us ; and, as my Ala-
Jler has impower'd me to build Forts where I think necffmy^
if fo it is, I will build one in every Settlement. This plain
Speech fo difturb'd them, that they rofc and went their way
to a neighbouring Ifland, the place of their Rendezvous,
The Governor would not permit any one to endeavour to
hinder their going, but order'd the Man of War that attend-
ed him to loofe her Topfail in a failing Pofture, which the
Segamores feeing, they fent to defire another Audience, which
was granted, on Condition they laid afide their unreafonabie

pretenfions,

■^'•:!tiSh

The Hijlory of New-England. 173

pretcnfions, and would come to a new Agreement, or ra*
(licr to a new Confirmation of the former Articles of Sub-
iDilfion to the Crown of Great Britain-^ which was done,
and they covenanted not to give any Moleilation to the Eng-
a in their new Settlements. Twenty three Segamores fign'd
thtf Agreement, faying, ff^e hope this Peace will continue t
^i as the Sun and Moon endure ; which was only a Copy of
their Countenance, they feldom making any fuch Conipadt
but with Intention to break it, as foon as they had an Oppor-
tunity to do it auvantageoudyand fafely, by Fraud or Surprize.

Notwithftanding the Peace (b lately renewed and ratified,
the Indians or\ the Eajiern Frontiers flirred up by French
Erniflaries, were continually contriving to difturb or alarm the
Inilijhy as appears by a Paragraph tif a Speech made by
Governor Shute to the Houfe of Reprcfentatives at Rox-
jiur^f in Ag-w// 172:. Since I parted with the la/1 General '72»«
Court, the Indians, to the Number of zoo, have march' d in a
lijiile manner y under French Colour Sy into the Town 0/ Ar-
rowfeck, where they had a Conference with the Inhabitants of
\k Place, and afterwards delivered an infolent and menacing
Utter to me, vhich was laid before the Aflembly. The Go-
vernor immedi ely fent a fufficient Number of Forces to
affiftthe Englijn in thefe Parts. With thefe Forces went five
Members of the Council, to demand the Rcafon of this In-
fult, and doubtlefs the Appearance of thefe Counfellors did
not a little contribute to the blowing off of the Storm
which was then gathering in the Eafi,

The next Year an Event happened at Newhaven^ in this i-^^z.
Province, which would have alarm'd the Church, had thc^^'^];;^'^*'"
llikebecn within our Pale. This Town had of late been " '^"■^'''*
augmented with an Univerfity, where were a good Number
of Students, for whofe Encouragement there was an Afi or
Commencement; at which publick Meeting feveral of them
declared very formally that they were diflatisfy'd with the
\Church of New-England Ordination, and the Thought of
itiayfo heavy on their Confcience, that to eafe rhenifelvcj
of it, they repaired to the Library in that Univerlity, where
many of its Members were met, and one after another re-
nounced their Paftoral Ordinations. Thefe Students were
Mr, Hart, Mr. If^hitmore^ Mr. Jf^hitlcffy, Mr. Jack/on and
I Mr. Brown.

In July, a Court of Admiralty was held at Navport in
\ilhode Ifland, for the Trial of between thirty and forty Pi-
'ates, taken and brought thither by Capr. Pitir Solgard,
I Commander of the Greyhound Man of War,

The

I 1

t'-:

^In -f

J 7^ T'ife Hiftorv of New-England,

The Court confifted of

JVtlltam Dummtrt Efq- Lieutenant-Governor.
J^athaniel Paine, Eiq;
jiddington Davenport ^ Efq;
Thomas Fitchj Efq;
Spencer Phipps, Eftjj

hhn Lechmerty Efq; Surveyor-General.

fohn Menziesy Efq; Judge of the Admiralty.

fohn raUntiney Efq; Advocate-General.

CommiiGoneri of Rhode-IJIand,

Samuel Cranjiony Efq; Governor.

Richard TVard^ Efq; Regifter.

Jahleei BrintOHf Efq; Provoft-Marflial. ,

liobert Auchmutay Efq; Council alTign'd for tbePrifonen,

Their Crime was too flagrant and notorious to give the I
Court much trouble, a Crowd of Witni-KTes being ready tol
prove it. The Chief of the Pirates condemned and executed,
were Captain Gregory Harrisy Quarter-IvlaAcr, TVatenBlaM
of Rhode- IJIandy Francis Leyton oi Ntw-Tork^ Thomas PmuA
ai Conne£iicuty Daniel Hide of Firginiayind 19 morePiratei|
were hanged.

wniam Before Governor Shute returned to Evglaudy he receLvej|

2;;;;^";,y^' Orders from Home to get in ellahliihed Salary on the Go
vernor ; but the Airemhly were in no Dil{X)(]tion to leav^
the Governor in a State of Independency iqxxi them as
that Article. The £une Orders were fent to bis SucceiTa
William Burnet y Efq; who mofl ilrenuoufly infifted on h
an Eftabliflimenr, purfuant to his Inf^ru(flions, but witbasi
5iiccefs. This interefted Conteft between the Governors
the Reprefentative, occaHoned much warmth in the Ad
bly, and ill Blood in the whole Body of the People, whic
was now very numerous, their Trade become very extenliv^
and in a Condition to be rendered of the laft Importan
to the Strength, Riches and Glory of Englandy byfurniiliii
plenty of Naval Stores of all Kinds for our Fleets. Buti
Affairs of the Province were perpetually put backward, bJ
Mr. Burnet's ftill dwoHing on the Ertablifliment, and th]
AlTembly's avoiding it with equal Zealand Forefight. Tb
People had before their Eyes the ruinous Effeds of the Pn
digalitv of Barbados to their Governor Mr. Worp^y whk
they claily groaned under, and could not take one good Stt|
towards the recalling 15, The Nm-England People ofto

ilaitfl

^e Hijlory of New-Eng|land. 17 j

Idrtedruch rafh EftabU/hment by the Aflembly of BarhaJr ^
,an Example to them and all other Britijh (Colonies to ta
Ij^jhow they fell into the like Error. After various iioUici-
Lions in En^^hmd to have Governor Burnet's Demancl of an
Ljiblifncd Salary wav'd, the Province fent one of the Mem-
Lrs of their Council, Jonathan Belcher^ E<q; a native of
hiaii'Englandy well verfed in their Aflfairs, and very zealous
L their Welfare, to join with their Agent in Etiglandy
mmi Wiiks, Efq; to obtain a Voidance of the Royal Or-
Ljf, the Succcffi of which will be feen by his Letter m Con-
Laion with Mr. /iT/Z/fx, wherein, among other Things, they
L rcfcn'ing to their Complaint againlt Governor Burnit
it the aforefaid Order, that my Lord 7iMw//«^, then Seacta-
1 of State, told them, The GrievaiK^s we intd complained of
t!i not want his Ajftfianee towards a Redrtjs^ and that
Ult he had any Intereji in the Kingy he would ende<pu9nr n»
virnorjhouid be countenamed or proteQed in any illegal Pro-
niing. Then follows what relates to the DifpoTal of Mo-
I tad Fees upon Shipping: After which Mr. Belcher und
i.fyHis Addy The Lords c/ the Council laid, the grand Ar-
Vlttf fixing a Salary Jiill remained j and as the fitting oftht
ftrliamnt grows nearer, we are now ajfuredby the Minifiry^
\the Matter of fixing a Salary for the future ^n our Ga-
ms will be laid before the Parliament^ %m fhall therefore hi
\^\imt and careful to make the befi Defence, and do all in our
vir to prevent fo great an Evil coming on the Province. Wc
I bear more of this grand Article when Mr. Belcher him-
^f is Governor of New^England.

For IVilliam Burnet, Efq; dying about this Time, th«
.Jonathan Belcher^ E% was appointed his Succeflbr ia
iGoviernment o( New- England only -, and indeed the put-
the three Provinces, New- England, New-Terk, and
•Jirfey^ under the Adminiftration of Mr. Burnet, was
extraordinary, which cannot be (aid of his Genius
Government.
lOn the 8th oi Augufl, 1730, Governor Belcher, in thCj„,JJ5°;j.
mdfwd Man of War, arrived at Bofion, and was received cher, £/-^i
ith particular Marks of Ai!e(Sion and Joy. Onihez^th he<^«*'"^»^
tout for his Government of A^<ru/-J¥<am^;i>/, and met the
ctnbly of that Province, in order to procure an Obedi-
ceto the Royal Injundtions concerning Salary, and accord-
giy a Settlement of zoo / per Annum was fettled upon
but the Affembly of Befton would take no Ex-
bple by it, as was his Intention. On the 9thof<S^/fm^^
General Affembly of New- England met at Cambridge,
theGoveroor opened the Seifioowith a Speoch, where*

•iir^A;

III' i-'^i

.1 !

I,- t.

■^

176 Tie Hi [lory of New- En gland,

in he fays, ** His Majcrty'j Commifllon pubU/licd ar ni) v..
" rival, told you of the Kinj;'s having appointed mc hisGn!

Go-
vernor of his Province of the MalJachufeti^vf, in Confe-

** qucnce whereof I now fee you with Plcafure, convcnVi j^

General Allcmbiy, (I doubt nor) to purfue thofc Mealurcj

«(

(C
(C

«c

placing meat the Head of his Government here, taken ini
all Circumftances of it, (without afTuming any pcrfonal
Merit to my felf) is fuch an Inftance of his Majdv'j
Grace and Favour to this People, as I want Words tocx-
prefs. The Honour of the Crown, and the Intcreftof
Great Britain arc doubtlcfs very compatible with i\\
Privileges and Liberties of her Plantations ; and it being
my Duty to fupport the former, it will alfo be my Care
to protcd the latter. I have in Command to communiJ
catc to you his Majcity's 27th Inftrudion to me, refpcilJ
ing the Support of his Governors in this Province for tha
future; I therefore deft re, from the afFedionate Regard]
*' have for my native Country, that you will give your mod
*' calm and deliberate Attention to this Affair, of fo nice
" Confequence, and now brought to a Crilis."

This Crifis was an Intimation in England from the Boarj
of Trade and others, that that Affair would be brought intj
Parliament, if the Inftrut^ion relating to Salary was not com]
plied with. Then the Governor recommended to them
due Care of Trade, Manufadures, and the Prefervation
the Woods, the Nurfery for Mafts.

The Council's Addrefs to the Governor on his Speech coo
fifted chiefly of Panegyrick and Compliment, that of theAl|
fembly was much to the fame purpofe. In December hcfer
a MtffagetotheAiTcmbly by the Secretary, acquainting tbeiJ
with his Majcfty's Order in Council, refpcdtirig thcArrearsdu
to the Children of the htc Governor Mr. Burnet ; headdd
in the Meflage as follows : In this Order lis Afajtjiy is plM
to take notice, that you had at one Time voted your faid G'jw^
nor 6000 /. and which his Majejly commands me to ac(jm\
you in his Name^ that he expects you now to make good to A
Children, or at leajl fo much as JImll appear due to Urn form
whole Time of his Gcvernmcnt, after the Rate of 1000 1.
Annum. The Adcmbly palled a 13ill for fixing the Governorl
Salary ^ but as he faid himfclf, // was fo ambiguous andm
that it could not be expe£led he jhould confcnt to it.

•*:?''?,

Council it feems had fallen in with the Inftrudlion, but tlj
ReprekntiitiYes could not be brought to itp as by the lol^

H'.'l .

The Hi /lory of Ncw-Ei A.

"^17

iflg PiMgraph in the Governor's Speech to them. PPlth yeu^
Centlcrticn, of tht iiouft of Rtprtftntativei^ this Mti'ter morg
ffhicially litiy f^f you mujifiand alone in your pre/ent un/.appy
Situation^ and after my dtfclxirging my Duty to the Kin^ and
a this Province^ I do nol intend to give you any farther I rouble
intuhfft I havefo often urged to you. By what follows we Tee
that Mr. Belcher had extremely altered his Sentiments and
Stile, from what we read in his foregoing Letter in Conjunc-
tion with Mr. IVilks, the other New-England Agent ; and
indeed it isalmoft impolfible that any Point (hould have the
jiiDC view from an Eminence, and on a Level. I cannot help
mliofiifg to you the Opinion of your prefent Agent., that anf
Ijnur Contention will be lut a frtatlcfs /pending of Money ^ and
.... bring this Province into a hfs Ejieem with his Majejiy and
iis Minijlers. Tou may depend the King will take care that
^y he has now diredfed to, Jhall be finally ejfcSlcd : And as I
im often told you., fo I fltllfcar^ in fuch a Manner as may
mktyou wijhj too late., that you had come into an early dutiful
Cmftance. I cannot help here comparing a Paflage in the
Governor's Speech, with another in his Letter when Agent.
In this Speech the Aflembly are advifcd to put an End to this
[mrtafonable chargeable Difpute : In the Letter Mr. IVilks and
efay: IVe doubt not but at this funRure the whole General
'wt will exert themfelveSy and come into an ample Supply of
myy and not lofefo valuable a Privilege., for want of Mo'
\rj to defray the Charge of the Defence.

But the Houfe of Reprefentatives continuing inflexible in G.vermr't
leir Kefolution of refufing to fettle any fixed Salary upon '^''•y""*
leir Governor during the Time of his Government ; he 173',.
erefore diflblved the Aflembly upon the 2d Day of Janu-
7, and remained without any Salary at all. We meet with
le follow'ng Minutes of the Houfe before they broke up,
muary i. " After the moft ferious Confideration of his
Majefty's Inftrudion for fixing a Salary on his Excellency
and his Succeflbrs,, together with the Rights and Privi-
leges of the People, we apprehend the Houfe ought not to
accede thereto y but at the fame Time we eftcem it the
Duty of this Houfe, as well as their Honours, willingly
and unanimoufly to give their Votes in palling Ads for the
'ample and honourable Support of his Majefty's Governor."
The old Aflembly being diflblved, the Governor appoint-
anew Aflembly on the lothdf February , and by the E-
"ion of the Reprefentatives of the City of Bojlon^ we ihall
id that the People were of the fame Sentiments with their
' Reprefentatives, by chufing, for the moft part, the fame
inbcrs, as werethofeof Bo/lon.

N The

1'!':/

';ll

■!^

\ t I

. VJ-

178 flJje Hiflory ^New-England.

Votes.

The Hon. Elijha Cooh^ Efq; for whom poU'd 4.65

Thomas Cuflnngy Efq; 471

Ezekiel Lewis y Efq; , 470

Samuel Welles ^ Efq; 46$

The new Aflembly chofe John ^incy, Efq; for their
Speaker and Francis Foxcroft,\ Efq: for their Clerk: But
this AlTenibly being as fteady as the termer againft eftablilli.
ing a perpetual Salary for their Governor, fat about 10
Weeks, and was diffolved like the other, and a new chofen
and this, like the other, of almoft the fame Members. Xo
Inftance again in Bo/ieriy

Votes.

The Hon. Eli/ha Cooke^ Efq; for whom poU'd 391

Ihomas Cujhing, Efq; 442

Ezekiel LezviSy Efq; 402

Samuel Welles, Efq; 366

On the zothof ^<7y the new Aflembly met, and having
chofen the fame Speaker and Clerk, proceeded to the
Choice of the Honourable the Council, a very happy Part
of the New-England Conflitution ; and if the Afletnblies iq
our Colonies were alike conftituted, and the Prefident of thcj
Council was the Commander in Chief, we fliould doubtle^l
not hear of fo many Complaints againft ill Governors. Tbel
Members of the new Council for the incorporated Colonies off
New-England were.

For the Colony of the Majfachufets-Bay^ the Honourable, ■prejudiced b

Benjamin Lynde, E(q;
^omas Hutchinfon^ Efq;
Jonath. Dowfty Efij;
Paul Dudley, Efa^
Samuel 'thaxter^ Eiq;
John Turner, E{q;
Symond Epes, Efqi
Daniel Oliver, Em;
Thomas Palmer^ Efq;

John Chandler, Efq;
tVilliam Dudley, Efq;
William Clarke, Efq;
John Remington, Efq;
John Afford, Efq;
Ebenezer Stone, Efq;
Jofeph Wad/worth, Efq;
Thomas CuJ/jing,ECq^
John O/borne, Efq;

For the Colony of PUmoutb,

Jfaac Wmjlew, E(b; Peter Thatcher, Efq;

Melatiah Bourn, Efq; Sfth Wtlliams, Efq;

7be Hijiory of New-England;
For the Province o( Maine,

179

John Wheelwright^ Efq;
ffilliamPeppere/Jun. Efcji
fkomas Gerijhy Efq;

Sagadahock,
Spencer PhipSj Efq^

At large.
Ebeneztr Burrel, Efq; Ezekiel Lewis, Efq;

All that Governor Bfkher faid in his Speech at the open-
jngthls SelTion, touching the Grand Article of Salary, was in
thefe Words : As I have largely recommended to former Ajjem-
Hies, /o I now recommend toyou, a dutiful Compliance with his
Mmfiy's 11 ih Infiru6iion^ for the Support [of his Governor for
ihiTime being. The Aflembly ftill perfifted in their Rcfo- J^J^^'"
jution to allow the Governor 1 000 /. per Annum^ and leave
the Continuance of it to fucceeding AfTcmblies, which the
Governor accepting, put an End to this jControverfy ; and
^ubtlefs Governor Belcher aded in this Affair niore in Obe-
dience to Injundions he received at and from Home, than out
of a Spirit of Inteteft and Contention, which he (hewed
plainly, by declining to accept an Offer of 3000 /. a Year.
with Affembly Limitations: Nor was his Compliance 'with
the People without his Majefty*s Approbation, with refped
to the Payment of Mr. Belcher ; but the Royal Injundion
was i^ill infifled upon for eflablifliing a Salary on the Gover-
nor for the Time being.

In the mean time the Trade of this Colony was much
iprcjudiced by Abufe in Manufa6tures, and great Differences
arofe betwixt the Province of Maffachufets Bay and that of
l^evj'HampJhire^ probably on Account of the Woods, wher6
cw thofe valuable white Pines, fo' necclfary to the EngUJh
ipping.

Concerning thefe white Pines, we find a Complaint made ^r^^g pi„ft
fj Ralph Gul/lon, Efq} Contractor for the Ship Timber for /or rt^Na*/.
[he Britl/h Navy, who met with fo much ObftrudHon in his
rocuring thefe white Pines and other Ship Timber, that he
as obliged to apply to the Governor for Relief; and the Go-
vernor recommended the Affair to the Aflembly, who there-
pen appointed a Committee to examine it J Which having done,
[he Houfe defired the Governoi* to ifliie a Proclamation, for-
idding all Perfons from giving any unjufl Obftrudtiort or
oleflation to the Agents or Workmen' of Ralph Gulfton^
fq; in their complying with his Gohtrad to flirnifh his Ma-
lik's Navy with Mafffij and a Proclamation wa» accordingly

N a ilTued

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cc

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cc

i8o The Hijlory o/' New-England.

ifTued, and alfo for preferving the King's Woods accordinw
to the feveral Statutes in that Cafe pro.vided, and David Dut
l>ar, Efq; Surveyor-General, gave this public Notification ;
Whereas a Number of People, who call themfelves Pro^
prietors of Lands in Sheepfcott River, and other Parts to
the Eaftward of Kennebeck River, have by their Agent Mr.
Waldo^ petitioned his M«jefty upon their faid Claims, and
are, as 1 am informed, providing to fend thither and take
** Polleffion of the faid Lands, without waiting for his Ma*
** jcfty's Pleafure and Determination thereupon.

" I do hereby give notice to all Perfons concerned, that I
am direded by his Majefty's Royal Inftrudions, to lay
afide 300,000 Acres of Land, bearing the beft Timber
as contiguous as may be to tlie Sea Shore and navigable Ri.
vers wiihin the Province oi Novo Scotia^ to be refervedas
a Nurfery of Trees for the Royal Navy : I have, in Obe-
dience to my faid Inftrudions, made Choice of feveral
Places from the Eaft-fide of Kennebeck River, and more
efpecially in Sheepfcott River, i*f<r." We muft note here
that the Right to all Trees of the Diameter of 24, Inches
and upwards, 12 Inchjs from the Ground, growing any where
in this Province, were referved to the Crown by their Char.
ter. This Refervation at firft fight feeras highly reafonable •
but the Perfon by whofc New-England Mviccs we received]
this Information, feems to have better confidered the Matter i
where he fays, " It is to be fear'd that the referving a Right I
*' in them to the Crown may be attended with Inconveni-
ences when they happen to grow within private Men's)
Eflates; for as the Crown muft always ad by under Offi-
*' cers and Agents, it has in all, fuch Cafes been obferved
** that fuch Refervations have afforded a Handle for the Offi-
cers and Agents of the Crown to extort Money from the
Subjed, and have always been a great Hindrance to Im-
provements; and in the prefent Cafe, this very Referv^
tion will probably deftroy the End for which it was madeJ
'^ for as all the Plantations in our Colonies are firft made aJ
" long the Banks of navigable Rivers, every Man wilj|
** endeavour to prevent any Plant of the white Pine ki
from making its Appearance within his Plantation j fo that!
no white Pine-Trees will be found growing, but at fuch al
" Diftancc from navigable Rivers, that the Charge of bring.!
^* ing them thither will be more than the Value of them." I
1733. Anew Difficulty was raifed by the Council andReprefen-
tative, about the Dlfpofal of the public Money : TheGover.l
nor infifting upon it, that the Difpofal of it was onlyinhiiD,!
The AlTembly, who gave the Money, argued from thencej

cc
cc
cc

<c
«c

X/JB l*•"^'i^*'^lJ

ccording
vidDun-
ification ;
Ives Pro-
Parts to
^gent Mr.
iaims, and
X and take
X his Ma*

led, that I

ns, to lay

;ft Timber,

ivigableRi-

; refervedas

re, in Obe-

E of feveral

, and more

\ note here,

)f 24. Inches

ngany\Nhere

y their Chat-

f reafonablej

; we received
the Matter,

:ving a Right
Inconveni-

irivaie Men's

>y under Off!'
;en obferved,
for theOffi-
ley from the
ranee to Im*
cry Referv>
it was made J
rft made a*
iry Man will
|te Pine kind,
jtion i fo that
but at fuchi
large of bring*
jfthem."
[nd Reprefen-
The Cover
only in hiinJ
from thence,
that

TheHtJiory ^New-England.

that that Right was only in them. We can enter no farther
into this, Debate, becaufe ic was determined by the Parlia-
0ient in England, who vot d, That the Complaint, contain-
ed in the New-England Memorial and Petition, was frivo-
lnus and groundle/s, an high Infult upon his Majejifs Govern-
jjient, and tending to/hake off" the Dependency of the Jaid Co-
Im upon this Kingdom^ to which by Law and Right they are
ond ought to befubjeSf,

Then a Member of the Houfe of Commons complained of
the Proceedings of the Affembly of New-England againft
Jtremiah Dunbar^ Efqj for a Cenfure pafTed on him by the
Affembly, for giving Evidence before that Houfe, relating to
the Bill for the better fecuring and encouraging the Trade of
the Sugar Colonies in America. Then the Minutes of
the Affembly, containing the faid Cenfure, were read, and
the Houfe came to this Refolution, Nem. Con. That iht
pfuming to call any Perfon to Account, or pafs a Cenfure
upon him, for Evidence given byfuch Perfon before that Houfe^
luas an audacious Proceeding, and an high Violation of the
Privileges of that Houfe.

The AfTembly fitting {December 1735) did a very commen- 1735.-
dable Piece of Juftice in the Cafe of John Jppleton of Ipf
mh, Efq; who prefented a Petition, fetting forth many Dif-
ficulties and Sufferings he underwent in the troublefom
Times of Sir Edmund Jndros, when he was grievoufly fined,
aud long imprifon'd, for afTerting the Rights and Liberties of
Enghjhmen, Enough has been faid of thofe troublefom
Times in the proper Place. The Affembly taking into Con-
fideration the Matter of the (aid Petition, voted that 500
Acres of unappropriated Lands be granted to the faid Apple-
lf», his Heirs and Affigns for ever. Our Informer here ob-

ferves, that there is /iill fubft/iing in this Province a virtuous
md public Spirit, which is the chief, nay the only Support of
•any Country. But it will be feer^ by our Hiftory, that this
public Spirit of theirs has not been always fo well approved,

irfo highly applauded.

C H A P. VL

Jf the Country, Towns and Forts j Of the Climate,
I Soil and Produ(5t i Of the Animals^ aiid of the Trade.

L L the Accounts of the Wefi- Indies, written from th»
^ Time of the Difcovery to the latter End of the Reign of
Cing Cbarlts II, have little or no Agreement, either in. Uift

V ■■

.'r

■'fyt

■ m

■ 4 '^

M-r v:'r

) ■

l82

. 7^^ Hiflory of New-EngUnd.

iji -I

L'rifith and
"Sreadth.

^ir-

Articles ot People, Prpdud, or Trade ; an4 therefore I diaij
have very little to do with them.

The Province of Niiu-Eng/and rum nair 300 Miles along
the Coaft, without reckoning the A"g|es. It is npt ^ny where in
9 dired Line above 50 Miles broad. Mr. AV^/ {peifuring by
the New-Efiglan4 Accounts, makes it 3 ^o Miles Ippg, gndjop
broadj from Cape Cod to the Mprth-Eaft Bounds ofA^u/.
3^/i j but ^ rather incline to think my former Account right.
It lies between 4.1 and 45 Degrees Alsr/^ Latitude, is boijnd^
cd on the Terra Canqdenfis^ New-Franc^ on fh§ North^ by
New-York on the tVtJ}^ by the Ocean on the Sia^tb and EaJ},
By its Situation it is in the Middle of the temperate Zone'
yet theClin^ate is not fo mild, por To regular, as thofe of the
Countries that are parallel wirh it in Eurtpe^ as fome Parts
Climate snd of Italy and France. The Climate of New-! England, in Com-
parifon with that of f^'irginia, is as the Climate of £«^/an^
compared with that of Scotland: The Summer is Ihorter
and hotter than ours, and the Winter longer and colder.
The Air however is healthy, and agrees with EngHjh Coiifti-
tutions. The Weather is more fettled there than with %
It is common in New-England to have a clear Sky for
two Months together ; and it is common foi us to have a
cloudy or tpggy one for almoft as long, with very fliort Inter-
vals. Their Days of a good Length. The Sun rifes at Bof-
ion J June 1 1, at 4 and 26 Minutes, and fets at 7 and 34. in
the Evenirigi a.nd December 13, the Ihorteft Day in the
Year, the Sub rifes at 7 and 35 Minutes, and fees at 4 and
27 Minutes. The Soil is generally fruitful. The Remark
in my former Edition is not indeed very (ingular, but injmt
Places more tbqn others j there being no Country upon Earth |
wheie it is not fo. About the Maffachufets Bay it is as fat ■
jmd black 9s in any Part of England, confequently fruitful.
The firft Planters found the Grafs in the Valleys above one Ell I
in Height, rank for want of cutting ; but their Cattle eat it, i
^nd thrived very well with it. The chief Rivers in Nm-
England are Pifcatai^ a, ConneJUicut, Aferimeck, Kennil>eci,\
^nd JSaco. They are navigable feveral Leagues, and would be fo
much farther, was it not for the Falls. There are many j
fmall Rivulets, Brooks and Springs, and where thefe are want; |
ing, a Well may be funk, and frefh Water found within ten
or twelve Foot of the Surface in mod Party, It is faid there!
are feveral Mines of Iron ; doutlefs there is Iron Stone e-
TiOugh, Copper may be there too j for the North Conti-
H^enr; of America abounds w«th it \ but as to Lead, I fufpedl
that the Writers 4re pot fo well informed as they ihouldbave|
been,

Jherjl

£(•»? f a/

S»d.

Rivtrt,

iiftll.p.

lliut$»

The Hiflory of Ne w-Englan d . 183

There is Plenty of good Timber in the Woods andwoodi.
j^mps of Niw-England j but that Plenty is fo much fallen
„J- within ten or twelve Miles of the Sea, that we are told
tijere is a neceffity of a Law to prevent the Wafte of Woods,
^jjich three or fourfcore Years ago the Planters would have
Ijjcn glad to have feen wifted. Oak, Elm, Fir, Afli, Cyprefe,
Pine, Chefnut, Walnut, Cedar, Beech, Afpin, Saffafras,
andShumack, are common here. Their Fir is of extraordi-
nary Growth, for Mafts, Yards, and Planks. The Shumack,
not over plenty I believe, is of ufe for Dyers and Tanners y
jnd as there is no want of Hides and Skins, nor Bark, there
muft be much Leather, and confequcntly fufficicnt Store of
Shces in New-England ^ if thole Advantages are imprdved.
The Oak has fupplied the Shipwrights for building. The Fir
produces Pitch, Tar, Rofin, and Turpentine, fo much for
our naval Stores, that we begin to wean ourifclves from an
Opinion of thofe Commodities in the Balticky and to fupply
ourfclvcs from New-England^ and the Northern Britijh Co-
lonies, which have more than enough to fuppiy all the De-
I inands of the Mirine |in England and clfewhere, wirh good
Encouragement and Management. The Trade of Shipping is
jxrevery flourifhingj and there is no Manner of Comparifon
between the building here and that in all the other Colonies,
1 which does not come up to one half of it.

All Sorts of Garden and Orchard Trees, which are planted,
I and grow in Old-England^ do the fame in NeWy infomuch
tjjat it is no hard Thing tot one Planter to make 100 Hog-
iheads of Cyder in a Seafon ; and the Export of Apples to
libc Sugar Iflands is one of the Trades of the Province. As
Itovvhat is faid of their Apples being larger and Tweeter than
jours in England, I am (bmewhat of an Infidel, becaufe ,our
)li(nate,a8 has been obferved, is more moderate and long r
rra than theirs, and tfie Fruit came originally from Eng-
nd. The fame Obfervation extends to their Plumbs, Cher-
ties, Peaches, Pears, l^c. All Sorts of Roots for the Table
xe in great plenty here, as Turnips, Parlhips, Carrots, Ra- Rootti
iihes, much larger and richer than in England, tho* ori-
ginilly their Seeds came from thence. There are alfo Pompi-
[)n3,andOnions good Store. As to Melons, I am afraidWriters
Ifpeak too much of the Cold here to warrani: their enlarging
that Article. .Vater-Melons and Squafhes grow here,
erhaps from Seeds that were firft brought from Portugal^
vhither the Traders here have fent, and do fend their Fi(h in
;reat Quantities.

There is great Variety of .Plants in New- England, different J»/.jai:<.
m thofe ©f Europe, The Sabina Vulgaris^ or common

Savin^

' ■ w

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■ 'flp. ''vie-'* '.' " ■ -i

^ iii

•'f

'■^tf

■',v.

184

iim

' -H m- III

^e Hiftory o/* New-England.

Savin^ is found very often on the Hills, where it grows fpon:

taneoufly. Mr. Ned having, from Dr. Mather^ given us

an Account of a Remedy to cure the King's Evil, I am the

more willing to repeat it, becaufe, (ince the Royal Blood

of tha Stuarts have been collateral only, our Kings and

Queens have not attempted to cure it with a Touch ; and

indeed none of our Clergy have infifted upon their inheriting

of that Gift, as they did in the Reigns of King Charles and

James II. " The Thiftle, called the Bear Thj/ile, very

** fliort and prickly, has a large and long Root, which

" with a Decodion of a Root called the Cancer Rooty and a

" fort of Devil's Bit, cures the King*s Evil. Here's a Plant

**" efficacious for curing Inflammation s^ and another, Par.

** tridge Berries, excellent for curing the Dropfy^ and to

•' cure the Jaundice there is the Bleeding Root.*' As to the

Fly here, and at Bermudas, which the Virtuosos of the Plan-

tations would infinuate to be the Cochineal Fly, I am the

mpre loth to mention it, becaufe, if it had really been

fuch, the Experiment would have been made long enough

ago ; and the People of Bermudas, at leaft, have been richer

than they are. The Worms which produce it breed in a

Ecrry, which is here met with, and thefe Worms turn to

Flics bigger than the Cochineal Fly, in which has been

found a Colour not at all) inferior to that of the Cochi-

neal, and 'tis added, as to medicinal Virtue, much exceed.

ing it.

Flax and Hemp grow here, as well sm in the Baltickf
which is worth Conlideration and Encouragement: for it
is moft certain that we might be furnifli'd with all Naval
Scores from Neru-Enghud, and might have been long a-
go, if due Attention had been given to the Methods pro.
pofed for efFedting it, and for importing thefe Commodities I
from our Colonies j for thefe Naval Stores may not only be]
had here, but in Carolina and Georgia, in fumcient Plenty
for all our XJks,

Oats, Barley, Peafe, Beans, and a.U fo,rts of advantageous I
Jadtan ^'"•Qj.ain arc cultivated and flourifli here; but -the Indian Cora
is the moR- planted. There was no other in this Country,
before th 2 i:";;^//yZ» came thither. I iliall infert the Account!
of it given to the Royal Society by Mr. Winthrop, who was
a Metr.bcT.

The Natives called it IVcachin, and in fome Southern Parts I
of America, *tis known by the Name of Mails, or Mam.
The Ear is a Span long, compofed of 8 Rows of Grain or
more, according to the Goodneis of the Ground, about
30 Grains in a Row. 'Tisqf various Coloiu*s, ^kred,1tihiu,\

ydhiiii

Thxani

Cfa'n.

>ws fpon:
given us
I am the
^al Blood
ings and
uch ; and
inheriting
harUi and
j/ile, very
•t, which,
loot, and a
■e'saPlant
:her, Par.
fy-i and to

As to the
»f the Plan-

I am the
really been
3ng enough
>een richer

breed in a

:ms turn to

:h has been

the Cochi-

uch exceed.

the Bahkk^
nent : for it
-.h all Naval
een longa*
ethods pro-
bmmodines I
not only be'
lent Plenty

advantageous
Undlan Cora
Ihis Country,
Ithe Account |
\opy who was I

loM//;fr« Parts
\ or MamA
J of Grain ot I
(ound, about!

^e 'Hijiory of New-England.

lJ'rl?W* ^'^'> olive^ grtenijh, black, freckled, Jirlped^ and (bme-
ti(des in the fame Field, and in the fame Ear; but the
white and yellow are the moft common. The Ear is defend-
ed from the Cold and Storms by ftrong thick Husks ; the
Stalk gfows fix or eight Feet high j that of New- England
is not quite fo tali as that oi Virginia'^ and at Canada 'tis
iliotter than at New- England, Thu. it rifes as it goes more
Stuthirlyt ^«^ dwindles to the Northward, which is no TVon"
iff or that it ihould lift its Head higher in a warmer Climate.
disjointed like a Cane, is full of fweet Juice, like the Su-
ear Cane, and a Syrup as fweet as Sugar may be made of it, as
liis been often try'd, but with little Profit, or it would be of-
ttntn'dnow. At every Joint there are long Leaves, or Flags,
and at the Top a Branch of Flowers, like Rye Bloflbms.
Tis generally planted from the Middle of Jpril to the Middle
ofi%. In the Northern Parts, the Mohawk Corn is not .
planted till June, and yet is ripe in Seafon. The Stalks of
[bis fort are (hort, the Ears near the Bottom, and are of fe-
vend Colours. The manner of planting Maize is in Rows
at equal Diftance every way about 5 or 6 Feet j the Earth
is opened with a How, 4 Inches deep, and 4. or 5 Grains are
thrown into it, at a little Diftance from one another, in the
iBreadth of a How ; then they are cover'd with Earth i if
[two grow the Cop will anfwer. The Corn is weeded at a
land's Length, and the Earth is Ioofen*d about it with a
:low. This Labour muft be repeated as the Weeds corns
When the Stalk begins to grow high, a little Earth
hould be drawn about it, and on putting forth the Ear, fo
such as to make a little Hill, like a Hop-hill. *Tis ripe
tboutthe Middleof 5^^/fOT^^r; it muft be ftripp*d as fooi^
[sgather'd, unlefs *tis 'iiid thin, to prevent its growing
ouldy, or fprouting; the common way is to move the Ear
gether in long Traces by Tome Parts of the Husks left
Hereon, which is called Tracing. Thefe Traces we hang
|ij)on Bearers within Doors, and will keep fo all Winter
and fweet. The Indians thradi it as they gather it ;
hey dry it well on Mats in the Sun, and bury it in Holes
the Ground, lined with Mofs or Mats, which ai3 their
irns. fVhy did not Mr. Wimhrop tell us,what their Culture of
twai before the Englifli came among them ? for the How is fo
\^uh ufed in it now, that one fees there* s no being without
jet the Indians had no Hows, >.vd this way of Culture here
wholly Anglicized. The Engli/h of late plant it with the
|elp of thd Plough. They turn up fmglc Furrows, 6 Feet
liltant, then plough acrofs at the fame Diftance, throw in

185

^:<i-

J lf;,i'Vi* '' ■■',■1 •w>>v

■ I

■'» '■•■,

k Corn where thefe meet, and cover it with

a Hmvy

■mm$

( '

if il-''.#>

186 7he Htyiory of NtW'En^\2Lnc\

or run another Furrow over it with the Pi^agh. The /;,.
dians boil it till it becomes tender, and eat it with FjOi or
Venifon, inftead of Bread ; fometimes they bruife it jq
Mortars, and To boil it. The moft ufual way is to p^rch
it in A(hes, ftirring it Co artificially, as to be very tender
without burning. This they fift and beat in Mortars into
fine Meal, which they eat dry, or mix'd with Water. The
Englijh mix it into a ftifF Pafte, make Bread of it, which
they bake all Day, or all Night. The beft Sort of Food
which is made of it, is called Samp ^ to make it, the Com
is water'd half an Hour, beaten in a Mortar to the Bigneij
of Rice, fifted, boiled, and eaten with Milk, or Butter and
Sugar, like Rice ; and this Teems to be fo pleafant and
wholefom a Diet, that 'tis a ftrange fort of Folly in fomc
that defpife it bccaufe 'tis Indian Corn, and the Indiani
have no other Corn to eat. The Englijh have alfo made
'Bter made good Beer of it, by malting it or making it of Bread. When
*/'■'• they malt it, it muit chit both ways, Root and Blade)

to do which they heap it up at a convenient time, then talce
away the Top of the Earth in a Garden Field, 2 or 3 Inchta
deep, after which they cover die Ground with the Com
and the Corn with the Earth ^ when the Plot is green all
over with the Corn Sprouts, which will be in about 10
Days, it mud be taken up, the Earth Aiaken from it and
dry'd, and then waihed and dry*d again on a Kiln. Thi)
Makes the Malt and that Beer which will be pleafant,
wholefom, and of a brown Colour. The Beer made of
Bread is nx}re durable, and altogether as pleafant. To
do it, they cut the Bread into great Lumps, as big as a Man's
Fift, marfh and manage it as they do Malt, adding or
omitting Hops, of which they have enough, and a good
fort of their own, as is defired.

No Indian Corn grows wild now, but both that and
Kidney-Beans were found among the Natives. The hd'm
have a Tradition, that the firft Grain of Corn was brought
thither by a Black-bird, and the firft Btan by a Crow. The
Irijh fay the fame of the Seed of the Apple they call Coi-
guagbee, i\\?x. it was firft brought fo from Spain; but the
Humour of deriving every thing from the marvellous did
not prevail among the Barbarians only, the ancient Gmh
and Romans were as fond of it as Indians or IriJh.
rmU, There's hardly greater Variety and Plenty of Fowl any

where than in New-England^ as Turkies, Partridges, Gccfe,
Ducks, Herops, Siv,rks, Heathcocks, Swans, Widgeons,
Dappers, B lack-birds j all forts of Barn-door Fowl, Crow$,
Ravens, Cormorants, t^c. Vaft Flights of Pigeons corw
and go at certain Seafjns of the Year. Nor

V, :■ .' :,i s

I7je Hijlory ^New-England.

187

|s[oris therein New-England mort Abundance of Fow1,^j*</«.
than of *'^ ^'^'"^^ °^ Europtan Cattle, as Cows, Sheep, Goats,
Hops and Horfej. The latter are generally of- a fmaller
greed than the EngUjh^ not much larger than IVelJh Horfes,
hgt very I'eiviceable. They huve a fort of fliuffling Pace, .rwr'/Vwr/ir)/-
v/bich yet is very csfy, that rids the way to Aftonilhrnenc. ^f't'^r Hyrfu,
j^d Acquaintaincc of mine, about 10 Years ago, had a
Uorfc froni thence, which cDft him there 20/. This
Jiorfc, when in England, v/c .. from Bri^ol to Bathy lo
very long Miles, in little more than half an Hour. It was

bought by t^c '-o'"^ ^ > ^t the Price of 100/. but

(unluckily died before it could be deliver'd, not of any
3iftemper it brought to England with it.
Bears, Wolves, Foxes, Ounces, Syrunks, are the Beafts "Bm/j.
of this Country. The Wolves, a Species, of wild Dugs,
kc our ordinary Curs in England. The Indians tame theta
vhen they are young.

Here arc Elks Deer, Hares, Rabbits, and what made the
nod profitable Trade here at the firft Settlement of the Eng'
t Beavers, Otters, Minks, Raccoons, Muf^uagh, Sables,
k. The moft admirable Creature is the Mo/'e, which J of- of the Mofe
fe/ffl/ thus defer ibes, in his New- England Rarities. 'Tis <""*''" w-iir
Iboui 12 Feet high, with four Horns, and broad Palms, ''•^*'"''"''^'*
omc of 12 Feet from the Tip of one Horn to that of

other. His Body is about the Bignefs oi' a Bull's, his

Jeck refembles a Stag's. His Tail longer than a Buck's,

[nd his Flefti very grateful. He flioots his Horns every

bur Years. The manner of hunting it is thus: In the

Jeafon, which is the Winter, the Hunters fometimes run it

own in half a Day, fometimes they are a whole Day about

If, the Ground being then generally cover'd with Snow,

\o' the Climate is 8 or lu Degrees nearer the Snn than

iirs. The Beaft finks very heavy in it every Step he

mns, breaking down Trees as big as a Man's Thigh. When

he Hunters are up with him, they dart their Lances at him,

nd he walks flowiy after he is wounded, till, fpent with

Lofs of Blood, he falls like a' ruin*d Building, making the

,arth (hake under him.

There are fome venomous Creatures in New-England'^
lit the Country is pretty well cleared of them fince the
jming and Planting of the Englijh. The RattU-Snoke is /J-irr/ei^j*/.
|ie moft noted here, as well as at Virginia^ and other Con-
nent Settlements. 'Tis four or five Feet long, and has a
attle, confifting of about 20 loofe Rings in the Tail,
ith which it makes a Noife for Afliftancc, when it appre-
ends itfelC in Danger. Ic Is not fo much afiraid of a Man

I 'i l«^i.v .,

i- • : 1

I <•* ■

I- M'r ''.

'\.

i88

Tlje Hijlory of New- England.

fls others of the fame Species. Their Venotn is fald tg j, I
in a Bag in the Hollow of a forked Tooth, which brcalc I
when they bite, much as what is faid of our Snakes and!
Vipers in England^ whofc Venom comes from the breaking al
Bladder when they bite. It infufes fo much Poifon into!
the Wound of thofe it bites, that 'tis mortal, if not rettieJ
died in a few Hours. 'Tis flow in its Motion, and curlbl
its Body up, with its Head in the Middle, throws itfelf oj
at Length againft the Objedt that has anger'd it. But thijl
and the other American Creatures, have now been fo oftej
feen and dcfcribed by Voyagers and Writers, that the copy.f
ing them is fuperfluous, if not impertinent.

Frogs, Toads, Batts, Owls and other Vermin, fwarJ
where the Country is not well cleared, making fo hideous J
Noife in the Summer Evenings, that 'tis fliocking to fuchajl
are not ufed to it. 'Tis heard at feveral Miles Diftance aJ
plainly as if it was within a Quarter of a Mile, according J
my Author; but he does not let us into the Realbnwhyal
Noife fo far off fhould be as audible as one fo near homj
In the Midft of ic a Bird is often heard, that feldom or never!
fmgs but in the Night, call'd JVhip poor IVill^ becaufe it[
feems to chaunt thofe \Vords in a loudly melancholy Tone J
but the applying articulate Sounds to fuch forts of ChimingJ
is more whimlical in this and other Birds, rhan in our Cw^ii(»|
whofe Name is that very thing pronounced in any Language!
in the World.

The Firti in the Sea and Rivers here are excellent and
in Abundance, both for Food and Traffick, as CodJ
Tfaornback, Sturgeon, Salmon, Haddocks, Herrings, Macl
karel, Smelts, Eels, Lampreys, Sharks, Seals, Porpus, GrampusJ
V/bales, and other Fidi, great and fmall. The beft ]\lontli
for fifliing zxQ March ^ April, May ^nd June. Sixorfeven|
Star-Fifli were formerly taken off the Shore near Nantucketl
of which Governor iVinthrop gave the Royal Society anj
Account, having obferved that this Fifli divides itfeif into}
no Icfs than 81920 fmall Parrs by Branchings, and is ona
of the moil wonderful Works of the Creation; and it is nod
much lefs Wonder, that any one Man, elpecially a chieJ
Magiftrate, fhould have Curiofity, Patience and Leifuree-
nough to find out and to tell thofe 81920 Branchings. Somej
Years fincc, there ftrandcd on the Coaft of N ^iv- iin^lanh
dead Whale, of the Sort which, in the Fiiliers Language, isj
called *7r«w/»5, having Teeth like thofe of a Mill; it's Mouth
at a good Diftance from and under the Nofe, and kverall
Partitions in the Nofe, out of which ran a thin oily Sublbncej
that candy'd, the Remainder being a thick fat Subihnce

beii

^e Hiflory of New-England,

189

btinz fcrapcd out, was faid to be the Sperma Cetl ; It was
fiid lb, and I believe that was all. Whales were often
caught formerly between New- England and New-Tor k^ and
if the Sperma Ceti had really been in the Nofe of that, it muft
I hjvc been more common, and more cheap, than Experi-
ence tells us, it has been ever iince this Difcovery, and at
L(,jsprcfent time. As to the IVbaL Fifhery, 'tis now almoft
ij much a Rarity in New as Old England-^ the Fifhery
\yCod is at this time very great here, iho' ftill far fliort
of that of Newfoundland,

We (hall now proceed to the Geographical Defcription'''^.'^'!'^*"
Uil^ew-Englarid^ and follow the Order of our former Edi-y;*„^'*j/„„^^
tion beginning with the largeft and moft popular Settlement, New-Ei.g-
\^ilo{ MaJJdchufets Bay, which now contains not only thcy^"jj:^^^^,j^
loriginal Patent for the Colony fo denominated , but the b ly Luuj,
mmuth Colony, aud the Province of New-Hampjhire.
iTbiis the Province of MaJJachufets now extends from Eajl
\nilfeji in Length along the Coaft, from Scituate, in P//-
yuih County, to Saco River, in th^a ot' Mai ne^ near no
iMiles, and from the fame Situation to Enfield in Hamp/hire^
ljl)OUt<Jo Miles; but'cis narrower up in the Country. The
iFort oiPemmaquid^ often mentioned in the preceding Pages,
j/as built on the Borders of the Indian Territories, without
Itte Limits of the Engitfh Patent, in which the firft County
pe come by is that of Maine ^ within the Government of
^ivu-Harpi'Jhire^ whofe Governor and Council are appoint-
by the Crown of England : but the Governor is always
\k fame with the MaJfachufetSy yet the County of Maine
Ms Reprefcntatives to the General Aifembly.

County of ^6/».

York,

I* Falmouth,,
Scarborough^
'* IVills,
* Kittery^

* Thefe Towns mark*d
with an Jjlerifm fend
Members to the Ge-
neral Affembly.

The Town of Falmouth had the Misfortune to have its
linirter hanged for a Witch.

York gives the Name of a Shire to a fmall Part of this
[rovincci but *tis generally included in that of Maine^ as
\trmual is in that of New-Hampjlnre^ which, as a Province

fitfelf, feems to claim the Preference in Denomination.
[InCer«tt;fl/,or New- HampJhire^^ViXt Dover^^Exettr^Hampton^ Cornwal, o»
\tdtck, or Newcajile^ For (/mouthy * Edgar's Town^ * ^g^^. New Hamj)-
k * Biddiford, 1JI( of Shoals.
^ Moft

Ihire,

r .,.<•;

%:^-'\M

•i{;

t i

;.iia

■i.\<"

tgo

fhe Wjtory ^ New- England.

Moft of thefc TowfM have fome fmall FortificaMons, to I
. prevent the Incurfions of the Kaftern Indiam^ who flight
otherwife over- run the Country in 24 Hours. Six Mi)«(o|
the Eaft ward of Scarboreughy or Snco^ is the Town of hlack
Pointy Eallward of which arc the 1 owns of Sagadakck and
^'^!l':\t^^' Kennebecky where Sir IViHtam Flips v/2S born: his Father J

Air William ,, r • i. ijl ^ r^t. l "'■"tr,j

ptiips bom Ounumth, could beat no ^cat Charge upon him, and, in hjJ
Kr/. younger Years, he kept Sheep. His Father dying, his Mo,

///.^p^rwi- jhgf i^jj IjJji, gQ Q„ j„ jhjj ^jy tjn he was 18 Years of Age,

and then bound him to a Ship- Carpenter, with whom m
fervcd his Time, and took to the Sea when he was five crl
lix and twenty Years old. As a Sailor, he was ccrtainlJ
very able, as alfo as a Pilot ; but as for the Helm of GoJ
vernment, I firid nothing in his Charadlcr that qualify'd himl
lo fit there. At Kinntbtck and Sagedahock are Stages fori
the Fifliery J and on the Banks of the River Saco was a liitlcl
Fort with 12 Guns. There were 100 Families in the Town!
of Wells before the laft Indian War, in which it fuiferj
much, having 100 of its Inhabitants carried away at oiiel
time into Captivity. The furthermoft Northward towardji
New-Scotland, is Cafco, into which Saco River runs. There
ire feveral other Rivers in this Country, as Kentiel>tck\
Pi/cataqua, Sagadahocky Spumwicky lork, fome of whicli
are navigable feveral Leagues up the Country. There ard
^. alfo feveral good Harbours, as Cape Porpusj Un/lar Hm\

hour, Pifcataquesy and feveral Iflands on the Coaft, foms
of which are 10 Miles long. The inland Part of the Coun«|
try is high and mountainous, confcquently barren; butncare
^ the Coafts and Rivers 'tis more fruitful. The Trade of th

Inhabitants is Lumber and FiHi, fome Beaver and otbej
Furr. The County Courts are held at Dover and ?^r/j3
W3uth the laft Tuefday in June, and at York the firft Tw/j
day in July The next County is

EOV

'■x.

S*\em.

Ejfexy which has */fmesburyy * And.ver^ * Beverly y *^tf*/Jri|
*GlouceJlery *HaverhiUy * Ipfwich* Lyn, * MancheJUr^ ^Mm
huheady Nnvbury . E^/iy • Newbury IVeJly * Rswleyy * S<t
Uniy * Salisburyy * Top s fie Id y * Winl:am,

Salem is the chief Town of this County, fituated on tlij
Northern Branch of Charles River. Here is one of tbj
beft built Churches in the Country y but it was pur to
very ill Vf': m the Time of the IVitch Plague, being gfne
rally the plifcc of Meeting for the Witch Judges, when the]
began the Frofecutions of the poor VVomcr>, who uere
to Death as Witches j more were hang'd here than in

irh Hi/lory o/" New- England.

191

yivj'W^"^ befides. It broke out in the Houfe of the
jiliniiier here, Mr. Paris^ whofe Daughter was a main
Evukocc againft thctn, having been frequently under the
po;ver of iPiuhoa/t, which her Father contributed very
I gych to the Belief of. The Town is fituatcd in a Plain,
j,e[ween two Rivers, and has two ^arbours, Winter Har-
bour and Summer Harbour. Here the Planters of the Ma/-
\uuftts Colony made their firft Settlement, and a very good
mitlc is driven to Barbados and ttie Sugar lUands. It has
L Market every IVidneJday^ and two Fairs in the Year, the
laft IVtdnffday in Mayy and the laft Wtdntfday in Septemhir.
jthc inferior Court is kept here the laft tutfday in 'June^
od Deamher^ and the fuperior the fecond Tutfday in No--
w%hr. Northward of ^Um is the high Promontory 7rj-
IwWtf) now called Cape Ann^ a Place for filhing, and a
iHarbour for Ships. A little higher is Ipfwich, a large Town»
lEiuated by the Side of a fine River. The inferior Court is
here the laft Tutfday in Marchy and the fuperior the
Itbud tutfday in May. Lyn is a Market-Town, and I was
Ijiirprized to read ii Mr. NcaU that there's hardly any Town
1 the Country that has a Market ^ for the Accounts we
live met with of it name many Towns with Markets, and
Idle Days on which they are kept. Lyn is fituated at the
ortom of a Bay, near a River, which, on the breaking up
of the Winter, empties icfelf with a rapid Torrent into the
At the Mouth of the River Mtrrimtick ftands NiW'
^, pleafantly fituated, where Abundance of Sturgeon are ^[V^'*'*
ken, and pickled after the Manner uied in i\it Baltick.^^"^'
be Society for propagating the Gofpel according to the
hurch of England, hav€ a MiiTionary here, to whom they
ow 60/. a Year. It theDefign is to convert the Indians to
brUlianity, 'tis v* v p'ous and laudable, if only to convert the
Presbyterians, the Society allowing them to be already Chri-
Ds,what is wii^u^ to their Salvation ? If it is to foment Di-
jfHion forindiiierent Matters, to fupport Bigotry and Animo-
y, 'tis a prerty long way the Miffionary goes for it, and 1
afraid h«s Errand is not (b neceflary as a Miftion a-
the Hurons and Irakis would be. On the other
|iide of the Merrimack^ over-againft Nivuburyy is Salisbury^
ere there is a Ferry ^ the River between the two Towns
Qg half a Mile over, u, broad as the Thames at Grxnuf'
nl Four Miles Southward of Sahm is Marblehead^ where
ere is another Midlonary, who is not of the Religion as
Law eftablifli'd in this Country. The above-mention'd
ciety alk)w him f o /. a Year. Both thefe Allowances are
kety baadfom, and much more invitins than many a

mijh

'iff ■\ '<

^ h

.>H^ \\

mh^

* ,i;^.

t; >

192

Tlje Hijlory of New-England^

tiiti.

Weljh Curacy, which, however, the greateftPartofourAc;
cademifts would prefer to the New-England Miffion.

The Soil of Effex County is not very fertile, except .
be near the Sea Coaft, where the Towns are built for thj I
Convenience of Fifliing, The River Merrimack^ whici,
waters it, is barr'd in fome Places, or it would be navk, j
ble up very high witfiin Land. A little above one of the
jtmmuthag Falls of this River, is a Place called Ammuskeag^ where a
huge Rock lies in the Midft of the Stream, on the Top of
which are a great Number of Pits, made cxadlly round
like Barrels or Hogflieads of different Sizes, fome of which
would hold feveral Tons. The Indians knew nothing of
the making of them, and 'tis impoffible any one elfe (hould.
Nor can it be guefs'd very judicioufly, how the Savages
could, without Iron Inftruments, work fuch Cavities in
Stone. The Ufe the Indians fay they were put to is child-
ifli and incredible, to hide their Provifions from their Ene-
roies, in time of War, for which Purpofe their God made
them J but their God could no more make them than they
could. Mr. Neal fays, they feem plainly to htartificiah\
and, in fuch Cafe, the Indians of old, perhaps nearer Noal]
than Columbus^ were greater Artifts than the Indians are
now, not with (landing the Improvements they are faid to
have made in Knowledge by Commerce with i\\Q EuropmA
We come next to the Coumy oi Middle/ex.

Uunty,

Middlefex \a&*Billerica* Charles Tmm^ * Concord *Groioii\
*Marlboroughy * Medford^ * Reading^ * Shireburn, * Stovll
*Woburny * Lexington^ * Cambridge^ ♦ Chelmsford^ DunJiaUA

* Lancajier^ * Maiden^ * Newton^ Oxford, * Sudhut) I

* Eaji IVaterton^ Weji PVaterUn^ * fForceJier^ * Framlki]
ham, * Wejlon.

Cambridge. Cambridge is the chief Town of this County ; it was atl
firft called NewTown, fituated in the North Branch off
' Charles River, a few Miles from Bojion, There are feverall

fine Streets, with good Houfes in it. The Inferior Courtl
is held here the fecond Tuefday in September, and the Su{
perior the laft Tuefday in July, It changed its Name fro
New-Town to Cambridge upon the founding the Univcr^
fity here, of which I have faid fomething already, and
ihall fay more in the next Chapter, which treats of nothio
clfe.

Charles Town, the Mother of BoJIon, \s much more pop
lous than Cambridge, and exceeds it much in refpedt of Trade
being lituaced between two Rivers, MijH(k Rivtr and Chvlk

3 Kmr\

Charles
Tuwn.

1^' mt

I^l^'^l

'the tlifiory of New-England.

fiiiitu and parted from Bojion only by the latter, ovef
ffhich there is a Ferry fo well tended, that a Bridge would
not be much more convenient, except in Winter, when the
Ice will neither bear, nor fuffcr a Boat to move through it.
Xho' the River is much broader about the Town, it is not
^(fider in tbe Ferry Paflage than the Thamei between London
jgd Southward. The Profits of this F^rry belong to Har-
wr^ColI^e in Cambridge^ and are confiderable. The
[Town is To large, as to take up all the Spate between the
j two Rivers. *Ti3 beautify'd with a handfom Ifirge Churchj
a Market-place by the River fide, and two long Streets lead-
ing down to it. The Inferior Court is kept here the fecond
Tuefday in March and December^ and the Superior the lait
mStyiti January. Capt. ^ri»^ writes, that Charles Town is
divided from Bojiort by a large navigable River, which runs
Ifeveral Miles up the Country. It is near half as big, but not
Ifo conveniently fituated for Trade, the* capable of being made
las ftrong, it fhnding alfo on a Peninfula. 'Tis faid i ooo
IVeflels clear annually from thefe tWo Towns only, more
jtiian from all the European Colonies in Amtrlca not in
lii^x^ Hands. Reading is a pretty populous Town, not
very well built, but commodioully fituated oti the Banks of
I great Lake. I'here are two Mills in ic, one for Grift, and
mother to faw Boards, for which it furely cannot want
Employ, there is fo much Fir in the Country, and the Boards
; makes being fo good a Commodity in the Sugar Ifiands.
Wattrtm is noted for its Fairs held there the firft Tuefday watcrtofl<
I JutUi and the firft in September. The Rivers are fmall in
bis County, but there are a great many of them, which wa-
ering the Paftures render it one of the plealanteft and fruit*
lleft Spots of Ground in Ntw-England. The Fields are
ill of Cattle of all forts, and the Market at Bojion is plenti-^
ily fupply*d by it for Exportation, with Beef, Pork, i^c,
(fides for a home Confumption. The Hills are covered with
beep, and both together refemble Devonjhirt in England.
Suffolk County is next, and thtjrein are the following duffoik^
{'owns,

* Braintretf * Dedham^ * Dorche/ier^ * Hingham, HuU^

Medfieldy * Mendon, * Milton^ * Roxbury^ ♦ ff^eymouth^

\lVoodJiocky * IVrenthaniy Brockliny Needham.

The Capital of this County is S^^n, the Capital of iSTm^ Bofton«

h^landi and the biggeft City in Jmerica^ except two or

pe on tbe Spanijh Continent. Hfis pleafantly fituated in a

ifula, about 4. Miles in Compafs, at the Bottom of a fine

^y, the MaJJiachuUti^ guarded from the Roughneis of the

' can by feveral Koclu appearing above Water, and by a-

O bov«

ri/i

»94

7he Hijlory of New-England.

It"

bove a dozen Iflands, many of which are inhabited, }Q(]
one, called Nettles Ifland, within thefe few Years was e<
fteemed worth 2 or 300/. a Year to the Owner, Col
Shrimpton. There is but one common and /afe PaiTage into
the Bay^ and that not very broad, there being hardly room
for three Ships to come in a bread; but being once in, there is
room for the Anchorage of 500 Sail. There is room fm
fuch Anchorage in (b many of the Bays and Harbours of the
Britijh Plantations in America^ that this Situation is nut
fb extraordinary as at the firft Difcovery. The mod re.
roarkable of thefe Iflands is called Cajik IJland^ froiQ
the Caftle there built. It ilands about a League from the
Xi*C4/iit. Town, upon the main Channel leading to it, and is To con-
veniently (ituated, that no Ship of Burden can approach the {
Town without the Hazard of being torn in Pieces by itj
Cannon. In King Charles and King James's time the Fortj.
fications here were very irregular, and thofe Princes could
not have much at Heart the Safety of a People, who chofe
rather to live among Savages in America^ than among RrocJ
tors and Purfivand in England. King William fent Col.
Romer^ a famous Engineer, to 52/?tf», to repair the FortifiJ
cations, inftead of which, he demolilh'd all the oldV/Giksj
and raifed new, which rendered it the moft regular Fortrefsl
in the Britijh Plantations; to which was given the Name ofl
Fort TVilliami *Tis mounted with about ioo.Bi|,9jes of OrJ
nance, 20 of which were given to the Proviuqarby Qiieo/
Anne^ and are placed on a Platform near High Water ]\4arl(]
fo as to take a Ship Fore and Aft^ before (he can bring he
Broadfides to bear againft the Caftle. Some of theie Cannoi
are 42 Pounders ; five hundred able Men are exempted fron
all Military Dutv in times of War, to be ready to atte
the Service of the Caftle at an Hour's Warning, upon a
Signal of the Approach of an Enemy, which I think there is i
great Danger of at Bojion^ where, in 24 Hours time, m
loooo effefUve Men, well arm'd, be ready for their]
fence. To prevent all poiTible Surprize, there is a \\
Houfe built on a Rock, appearing above Water, about |
long Leagues from the Town, which, in time of Wai
makes a Signal to the Caftle, and the Caftle to the Tow
by hoifting and lowering the Union Flag fo many times
there are Ships approachmg, which, if they exceed a certa
Number, the Caftle fires three Guns, to alarm the Ton
of Bo/ion 5 and the Governor, if need be, orders a Bm\
to be fix'd, which alarpns all the adjacent Country^ (o
unlefs an Enemy can be fuppofed to fail *by to many Id
«nd Rocks in a Fog, thf Town of B^tn muft have h\

aoi

^e Htjlory of New-England. Irg^

inirc Hours to prepare for their Reception ; but fuppofing
they tnight P*^* the Caftle, there are two Batteries at the
^^ih and houth End of the Town, which command the
whole Bay and makes it impoflible for an Enemy's Ship of
Burthen to ride there in fafety^ while the Merchant-men and
fmall Craft may retire up into Charles River, out of Reach of
the Cannon.

It is equally impoflible for any Ship to be run away with
out of this Harbour by a Pirate; for the Caftle fuffers no
Ship outward bound to pafs {without a Permit from the Go-
vernor, which \& not granted without a Clearing at the Cuf-
tom-houfe, and the ulual Notice of Sailing, by looting the
Fore-Topfail.

The Bay o^BoJIon is fpacious enough to contain in a man- Ntmhervf
ncr the Navy Royal of England: The Mafts of Ships here, ^''f' **'"•
at the proper Seafon of the Year, make a kind of Wood of
Trees, like that which we fee upon the River Thames about
fi^apptng and Limehoufe, which may be eafily imagined, when
weconfider that by the Computation, given into the Colledors
of his Majefty's Guftoms to the Governor, upon the building
of the Light-houfe, it appeared that there was 24.000 Tons of
ipping cleared annually.

Th<:re is a large Peer at the Bottom of the Bay i%ooot ntPettM
ijoux" '" 'ong, with a Row of Warehoufes on the North-
fide. ■ 'Peer runs fo far into .the Bay, that Ships of the
greatcft Burthen may unlade without the Help of Beats and
[tighters. The chief Stteet of the Town comes down to the
IHead of the Peer ; at the upper End of it is the Town-Houfe,
lor Exchange, a fine Building, containing, befides the Walk f «^/«3iM7in
Ifor the Merchants, the Council ChamW, the Houfe of Com-'"**'*
Imons, and a fpacious Room for the Courts of Jfuftice, The
khange is furrounded with Bookfellers Shops, which have .
I good Trade. There are five Printing-Hpufcs, at one of^^^^JJ?"
hich the Bo/lon Gazette is printed, ^d comes out
\mt a Week. The PreflTes here are generally full of
^rk, which is in a great meafure owing to the Colleges
nd Schools for ufeful Learning in New-England % wherea?
Vil^m-Tork there is but one little Bookfeller's Shop, and
lione at all in Virginia^ Marylajid^ Carolina , BarbadoSy and
he Sugar Iflands.

The Town of Bojlon' lies in the Form of a half Moon, ij»mfi$,

ound the Harbour, and confifting of between 3 and 40CO

ioufcs, muft make an agreeable Profpedt, the fur-

ounding Shore being high, the Streets large, and the BuUd-

gs beautiful. The Goodnefs of the Pavement may com-

lewithmofttn London -j to gallop a Horfe oa it is 3 s. 4^*

O a for:

■ 1 ' ^ ..i ' ■ I

Sill h^'fi^

;';^|"^^l

196 The UiJIory of New-England.

'"hahhmtd, forfeit. One may gucfs at the Number of the Inhabitants in
BoJtM^ by the Bills of Morrality, which all political Arithme.
ticians make their chief Rule to go by, and they flood thus
twenty Years ago.

mitts
Negrots and Indians

9Uh efMtt'

(huTthih

Decreafed that Year

Now taking half the Duuafe^ which one ciiay fuppofe to
be the Medium between the Inrreafe and Decreafe, it will
make the Weekly Bills in one Year 41 5 . Mr. JV<?fl/'s Remark
is, " if we compute the Inhabitants of /^en^/.;'/ and the adja-
•' cent Places, within the Billsof Mortality, about a MxWm^
•* thofc oiBoJion will in a Proportion amount to 19 or 20000.
•* Whence it appears that the Town is confiderably incrcaf-
" ed within thefe 10 or 12 Years, and much more within
" thefe 20 or 30 Years.** When I publiflied my firft Edi-
tion of the Britijh Empire in America^ 30 Years ago, the
Militia of BoJIm confifted of four G)mpanissof Foot only;
whereas ten Years aftei that, it confided of eight Compa<
nies, and one Troop of Horfe. The Number of Inhabitants
being confiderably increafed (ince that, ifit is in proportion to
the Number of Inhabitantf in 1 708, that Nuni^er muft be
now doubled, as that of the Militia is, which vbJ^hbb 24.C00,
and the doubling of the Militia being within ten t^trs of my
Time, and the Town has been increaling twentyTears fince
that, I fee no Reaibn to compute the Number of Inhabitants
at le(s than 34000, which is one Third more than the
Computation of the City of Exeter^ and confequently Bof-
tpn b one Third bigger timn that City, which 1 take to be
pretty near the Matter. Again, if the Militia in 1708 was
^00, when the Inhabitants were roooo ; and in 1 7 1 8 it was
soooo, the Inhabitants muft, in proportion to that, be much
more than 30000, which they are not ^ and if we keep to
the Abatement 34000, I believe it is as well guefs'd as a
Thing of this Nature can be, at fuch a Diftance of PlKe
andXime. .4 : ;

There are ten Churches in BtJIwy which are,

Old Church.
North Church,
South Church,
Niw Churthi
New Ntrth Church.

New South Church.
The Church ^England Chwth\
Thi French Uburcks
The Bapti/i Meeting,
The Qiitkers Meeting.

'> ! ',. L

The Hiftory of New-England. igy

Yring fays the Anglican Church was offToodwhen he was
there about the Year 1710, but there was another building
with Brick.

The G)nverration in this Town is as polite as in moft of ^•'''"'■/'•'""*
the Cities and Towns of Engknii j many of their Merchants ^/J/^J^
having traded into Europe, and thofc thatftaid at home having
the Advantage of Society with Travellers; fo that a Gentle-
man from London would almoft think himfelf at home at
Bop^i) when he obferves the Number of People, their Houfes,
their Furniture, their Tables, ^hcL- Drcis and Converfation,
which perhaps is asfplendid and ihowy, as that of the moft
confiderable Tradefman in London. Opon the whole. Bo/ion Ttsdt,
is the moft flouriihing Town for Trade and Commerce in the
Englijh America. Near 600 Sail of Ships have been laden
here in a Year for Europe^ and the Britijh Plantations. Hero
the Governor commonly rcfides; the General Court and (;«««*.
Aflecnbly meet; the Courts of Judicature fit; and the Af-
fairs of the whole Province are tranfafted: The inferior
Court of Common-Pleas, and Quarter-Seffions of the Peace
is held here for the County of 5tf^/i,thc firft Tuefday in
May and November. The General Court ofEledionof
Counfellors is, by the Charter, on the laft JVednefdaymMay^
annually. The Court of Afliftants, confiiiing of Governor,
Deputy Governor, and Magiftrates of Btfteny meet here the
firft Tut/day in March and September: They determine Add-
ons of ^Appeal, Capital Caufes, and Cau(es of Divorce :
They may be called by the Governor or Deputy, asOccafion
requires. Seven muft be prefent, at which the Governor
or his Deputy to be one, except in Cafe of Neccflity.

The Market at Bojion is kept every Thurfday. The Fairs Jf-|;*« ^^
on the fir^c Tuefday in May^ and on tne laft Tuefday in QSio' "'"*
Ur, every Year, to bold three Days each. Bojton fends four
Reprefentatives to the General Auembiy. One has need of
great Caution in trufting to Relations of Men in the Briti^
JmericOy tho* written by Perfons on the Spot ; for either out
of Ignorance, Negligence, or Partiality, diey very often dif-
agree. C-ipt. Pring^ in his Account of Bo/fon, not only
fays there is no Market here, but eives the Reafon of ir.
" The Town oiBo/lon is plentifully iupplied with good and
" wholefom Provifions of all Sorts, not inferior to thofe in
" England^ and have Plenty of feveral Sorts of good Fifli
*' very cheap ; but tho* the Town is large and populous,
*' they could never be brought to eft&blifli a Market in ir,
f' notwithftanding feveral of their Governors have taken
*' great Pains to convince the Inhabitants how ufeful and
! beneficial it would be to them ^ but the Country People

O I ? always

,.< . >

s-f ?p.,

k -1:

4^' '■^r--' >|^R

tyiSS!

%■' '■' '

i'iT

,;--ii

lis

%4\

198 72^^ Hijiory of New-England.

** always oppofed it, fo that it could not be fettled. The
«« Reafon they give firft is, If Market-Days were appointed
** all the Country People coming in at the fame Time*
•' would glut it, and the Towns People would buy their Pro-
** vifions for what they pleafcdj fo the Villages rather chufe
" to fend them as they think fit j and fometimes a tall Fellow
*' brings a Turkey or Goofe to (ell, and will travel thro' the
' whole Town to fee who will give moft for ir, and at laft

fell it for is. 6d. or 4;. and if he had ftaidat home he

could have earn ad a Crown by his Labour, which is the

* ■ cuitomary Hire for a Days Work." Which (hews us that

hefe Country People have not their Heads much the clearer

#or the Clearnefs of the Air. The (kme Voyager informs uj

* farther.

" The Neck of Land between the Town and the Country
is about forty Yards broad, and fo low, that the Spring.
Tides fometimes wain the Road, which with little Charge
might be fortified, and made fo f^rong, that it might be im.
po^ible to force it, there being no way of coming at it by
Land but over that Neck. The Town is near two Miles in
Length, and in ibme Places three Quarters of a Mile broad
in which are reckoned 4000 Houfes, moft of them built with
Brick, and have about iSooo Inhabitants."

This was thirty Years ago, and if there were then near
4000 Houfes, after the Computation of political Arithme- j
ticians, at ^ to a Houfe, tl»ere muft have been then near
94000 Inhabitants, which agrees very well with .jy fortner
Computation ; and adding to this the Increafe of 30 Years
there will be great Reafon to think I computed a leis, rather |
than a greater Number. The Streets are broad, and r^.
Jar^fomeof the richeft Merchants have very ftately well built I
iconvenient Houfes. The Ground on which the Townftandsj
is wonder^Uy high, and very good Water is found all over itj
There are feveral Wharfs built, which jet into the Harbour,!
one of v^ich is called the Long Wharfs it being 800 Footinl
Length, where large Ships with great Eafe may lade and un-J
lade. On one fide are Warehoufes almoft the whole Length off
theWharf, where the Merchants ftow their Goods ^ and morel
than %o Ships may lade and unlade there at the (ame Time.

MaJJiichufeti^Bz.y runs in about 8 Miles to the Bottom, where
the Town (lands: It is fenced with Iflands, Rocks and Sa
v^hich makes it a very fecure Harbour ; the Entrance is narrow,]
«id ibme Shoals lie on the South>fide. Some fmall rocky liland
called the Brewfttn^ make the North-fide of iti.
Dorchefter. Dorchejitr is the IMXC Town to Bojim for B^iijj

it alio fends four Members to the AliembJy ^ (C is

T[%e Hiftory ^Z* New-Englandl.

199

K the Mouth of two little Rivers, near the Sea-fide ;
ithas two Fairs, one on the fourth Tuefday'm March, and ,,

another on the laft TVedmfday in Oifober, every Year.
fiwhury is feated in the Bottom of a fliallow Bay, but has no Roxkury .
Harbour for Shipping : It is well watered with Spring?, and
of Note for its Free-School: Smelt-River runs through it,
jjid a Quarter of a Mile to the North runs Stony-Rivtr,
Braintree is noted alfo for its Free-School. The Town of
^(fuouth is the moft ancient in the Province, but is not
not? of (o much Confideration as it was in the Infancy of
the Colony. The Ferry at IVtymeuth is a well frequented
paflagc, the Price Twopence by Day, and Fourpence by Night.
Here are no great Rivers in this Shire, but many little ones,
which render it fo pleafant and fruitful, that Debet fays. Pa-
radifum baud immerito dixeris i it canfcarcebe unworthily
called Paradifc. Round the noble Bay of the AJajTachufcts^
arc no left than twelve or fourteen fine Towns, and precry
Villcys, between Pulling Point on the North Entrance,
and mer:on Point on the South. Pulling Point was fo called,
becaufe the Boats were, by the Eddies or Roads, haled againft
the Tide, which is very flrong in this Place. Merton Point
{(about two Leagues from Bo/ion^ on the other Side of the
Bay, and has a fcnall Village upon it, where Ships commonly
caft Anchor.

lox^OR Ppyhvard of this and Middlejtx Counties, bor- HamprWre*
dering on Cmneilicut River, lies Hgmffiirty which has the
following Towns in it.

« Enfield^ *^ Hatfield^ ♦ HadUyy • Northampton^ ♦ Spring-^
fdi, * Southfield^ * TVeJifieldy • Brookfield,

This County being within Land and hilly, is not fo fruitful
It the Lands lying nearer theCoafl, notwithllanding it is wa-
tered by the great River Ctfs««^iV«r, on whofe Banks all the
befbre-mencioiied Towns are built. The chief of them are
Strtbamptm^ where the County Court is kept the laft Tuef-
kj in Marchy and Springfield^ where it is kept the lafl
l^uifday in September,

The next County on the Coaft to the South, is that Vsurt PiimoHtiH
of New-England which was lirft planted by the Englijh j it is
called Plimotah firom the Name of the firft Town they built
there, under the Aufpices of the Council of PUmouth^ the
firft Advoiturers to this American Continent. This County
contains the following Towns.

* Plimouthy * Bridgwater^ * Duxbury^ * Marjhfield^
* Middlebtroughy * Pembrohy * Plympton,

Plimeutb is (ituated on the great Gulf of Paiuxet, and
C(ntw about 4.00 Families, or 2400 Souls, which make a

O 4 • con:

fi\i^

:•*-

■M

' '

-,l

j 'i

§ ■

'**

1 ,','.

'■ ■ I ■ "

'%.

V I

£00

^ be Hi/lory of New- England.

confideraWe Town in OU- England; but 5a/«fl/* has lately
outgrown it, and by its having two Churches we may fuppofe
the Number ^of Inhabitants to be proportionably double.
There arc two or three fraail Rivers in this County, whichj
as to its Soil, is much of the fame Nature with that of Suf.
folk. Pairing by Sea from this County to the next Barnfia-
C*ft'Ctd> f,ig_^ we muft weather Cope-Cod^ the higheft Promontory on
the Coaft. Capt. Gofnold named it from the abundance of
that Sort of Filh ufualiy found and caught there. It makes a I
large and commodiouj! Bay, capable of receiving looo ^
of Ships. A tenth Part of that Capacity would anfwer the
Fifliery and Trade here j but bccaufe fuch fpacioufnefs Is fu.
per-cxccUent in England^ where large Fleets often put into j
Harbour, they that dcfcribc the Harbours in our Plantation! j
may magnify their Extent with Pleafurc.

The Entrance into this Bay is about four Miles wide, and
Mr. NealfaySf it is encompaflcd all round, even to the very j
Sea, mihOah, Pints, Sajfqfras, Juniptr^md other fweet
Woods, which I fiippofe was rather the State of it when
Gofnold was there, than at prcfent ; for fuch Timber lay too
convenient for Trade and Shipping to remain Handing on the
very Shore, or near it, infomuch that I have been informed,
that Laws are wanting in New-England to prevent the cut*
ting in wafte Timber within ten Miles of the Sea. The Ac-
counts of the Whales in this Bay, which, if real, would
make a moil advantageous Fiihery, agree not I believe with i
the prefent Times : However the Cod-Fiftiing is fo profitable,
that notwithftanding the Land of the Promontory is banren
enough, yet it is as well peopled as mod Parts oiNew-Eng-
land. The Land on the adjacent Coail about Eajiham is rich,
Some of the firft Chriilians among the Indians, were thofe
pear f lis Cape; and they were the more lik^y to befofor
their Commerca with the Europtans^ who came frequendy
thither tc fiHi. There were fix Indian Preachprs among them
about fifty Years ago ^ I queftion whether there are fomany
now, and if not, the main Reafon may be, that they are not ;
(b much wanted, the Indians (ince, that having ;bred up their
Children in the Englijh Tongue.

The next County takes its Name from the before-mention^
edTown Bar?i/iaiU. Its Towns are

* Barn/lable, * Eafthaniy Manimoy^ * Truro^ * Rochejltr^
* Sandwich, * Tarmouthy * Harwich, * Nantuket,

In and z\io\xt EaJlham were about 500 CbriftianM'<7ffi.
They had four Schools for the Inllrudion of their Children in j
{leading and Writing, and (iz Juftices of the Peace of their]
own Nation, to Keep good Order among them, to whom
^^ Mioiller^ Mr, SamttdTrfat^ preached in their own Lan

^uagc.

94rtiflsil*
CuuRty.

,^-{f

r has lately
lay fuppofc
►ly double,
ityj >^hich,
ut of Suf.
:t Barnfta-
nontory on
indance of

It makes a
; 1000 Sail
anfwer the
ifnefs is fu.
n put into

Plantations

s wide, and
I to the very
other fweei
5 of it when
nber lay too
nding on the
sn informed,
ent the cut-
a. The Ac-
real, would
believe with
fo profitable,
:ory is barren
if New-Eni'
'ham is rich,
were thofc
to befofor
le frequently
among them
are fomany
thw are not
[bred up their

^re-mention'

* RocheJitTj

keU
[ftian Mianu
|r Children in I
eace of their:
iin, to whom <
leir ownLan
^uage.

Tie Hiflory £/" New-England. 201

We (htll find that both the Continent and Iflands
l^bouts abounded with Converts to Chriftianity, which
lieing the moft refined Morality, as well as pureft Religion,
^25 worthy the Labour of thofe zealous Minifters to
inculcate and fpread: But I mufl needs own that the
fending MiHionaries to preach the fame Religion in different J^'^^^J^^
{banners, is moire .apt to confound, than to convert \ and MijpQuariti
where the Morals of thofe that call themfelves Chriftians are
more corrupt and wicked than even thofe of the Indians^ as
is too often the cafe, I 4o not fee what good the latter can
propofc to themfelves, by learning to live as well as to wor-
by fuch Chriftians. Let them begin with themfelves firft,
Sinnicrafty an Indian King, to Mr. Mayhew^ whofe
jjte indeed as well as Dodrine was a Leflbn to the Hea-
tijeos. 1 know the quite contrary of fome that have been fent
out by thofe that have taken the Charge of thefe Matters ;
I believe Maryland and Virginia^ if not Nnu-TorJt and Ctf-
, can afford too many Inftancesof the like MifHonaries.
Oppofite to the Scutb Bay of BarnJiabU County,
lied Monument Bay, lie two Iflands, one of them is named
krtba'i Vineyard, on which Capt. Gfl/«<»/^ landed, about Jf*"^;'^^
I Year i6oi. What an idle Story did uitHollanders invent,
litwasdifcoveredby Henry ChriJIian ihoMX. twenty Years
liter? However his Name was given to it, and that of Block,
]odier Dutch Navigator, to Elizabeth Ifland near it, both
ihich liles, they pretended, were Part of their Nova-Belgia,
ir i\r^-}2ri-Grant from the Sutes-General, who had
nfelves no Right in either of them. Bl9ck*s Name re-
ins ftill in a little Ifle, near Rhode-hland.
The Strdghts between Martha's Ptntyard and Barn/fable
lounty, called Malabar^ is a very dangerous Paflage.
Nantucket Ifle being under the (ame Proprietor and
reacher, Mr. Mayhew^ Father and Son, the Progrefs of
Ibrlftianity was fo great there, that of five Congregations
Churches, four had Indian Minifters fifty Years ago. The
Minifler was Mr. J^n Gardner. This Ifland fends a Re-
ifeotative to the Aflembly, which was lately George Bonis, £fq ;
In Brijlel County, the next we come to in our Courfe ^^-j^^^
liutbwardy are the following Towns.
» Bri/ltl, « Swanfeyy • Rehobeth, * Taunton, • Jrtlebo-
(fi, * Little Comptony ♦ Norton, • Dartmouth^ ii^ Deighton,
Frutoum,

Brifioly tho* not the oldeft Town in this County, yet it is

bigg^ and moft populous, and as to Trade, may ftand

to Bojton^ as Brijiolm England does to London, and the

tfbout very commodious. Mr. Nial&.js this Town is built

the

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202 Ithf Hiftory of New-England.

on the only Land icquired by Conqueft, a much honefter
way of Acquilition. than Ninnicrafi the Sachem upbraided I
Mr. Mayhtw the Minifter with. King i'Ai/ip refcrvcd the
Country adjacent to himfelf, when he fold the reiltothe
Enzlijh. for the Advantage of good Fifhing and Huntina-
and after he was conquered and killed, the Land was folj
jfbr defraying the Charges of the War. Being bought by
Men of more than ordinary Figure, the Town was laid out
with more Art and Regularity than any other Town in the
Province, and is fo well frequented, that there is great like-
lihood of iii increafing in Trade and People.

9,^AiA. The Town oiRxhobeth^ as has been obferved, wasfirftl
fettled about too Years ago by a Number of EngUjh Fami.l
lies, who were ftreighcened in their former Settlement A
/ Weymouth, Its Indian Name was Saconet^ every whit asl
founding as Reh»bith, in which there is fomewhat of Affec-|
tationj and therefore is nor lalways ufed,.the Townbeine
frequently flill called Saconet. It is (ituated on a Circle,
a Plain, about a Mile and a half in Diameter. The Churchi
die Minifter's Houle, and School Houfe, being in the middleJ
Not far from it, in the Road to Bo/ion^ lies another Plain al
bove three Mites over, admired by all Travellers for the
Evennefs of it. The Indians broke into this Town, and
burned forty Houfes in the Philippick War. Notwithftand^
ing that and other LoIIes, the Town of Arthborough is groin
out of the Increafe of the Inhabitants of Rtbobeth^ on
North-fide of which it is fituated.

Swar.fey. Swanjeyh a large fcatcered Town, confiding ofthreec
four Villages, inhabited, fays Mr. l>icaly by fo many Stu i
Parties of Chrifiians^ as Churchmen, IndependefUSy AnakA
it/is and Quakers,

Dr. MatheTy in a Letter to Dr. Woodtvard, to whon
every thing of the marvdlous kind was rooft welcome, wriicj
that, *'at Taunton, by the Side of a tiding River, isaiari
*^ Rock appearmg abc^e Water, on the perpendicular Side i
'* which, next the Stream, are fcven or eight Lines, ab
^ feven or eight Feet long, engraven with unaccountab
*' Charaders, not like any fx>w known in the Worki.1
Whatever Characters the Indians had, they could not en§itvj
nor write, and, according to Dr. Mathtr's Account of i^
one may as well think they were engraven before the Flo
as after. Near Brijiol is a remarkable Hill, called Mnii

Uount Hope, which King Phiiip delighted much in, and retired i

Hope. ^hen he was purfued and diftreffed by the Eiiglijb,yn\«i
Plantation near thit Hill was forcibly enter'd by hisMenl
and feveral Houfes burar^ which was the firft A&of Ho

^e Hiftory of New-England. 203

lity io the Phi/ippick War ; and, to revenge it, Capt. Prin^
1 with a Troop of Horfe, Capt. Henchmun, Capt. Aloft'
■ jnd Capt. Cudworth^ the fame who wrote iigainft perfc-
Jting the Quakers, were Tenc v/ith their Companies of Foot
fcour the Enemy's Country, and a detach'd Party advanced
j/j«/// Hope^ of which they took PolFeflion, the Indians
flying every where before them, upon which they ravaged
i the adjacent Country. Philip ntvcr recovcr'd it afterwa^is,
lind retiring towards this Hill in his lafl Extremity, was kill'd
It the Yoot of it. The Hill and all his Territories bring
feiid by the Englijhy in Right of Conqueft, a Comick Poet,
,k Crewrty Author of two good Comedies, Sir Courtly 2;'Jj|;[ '^
VJV/ and the City Politicks^ begg'd it of King Charles II. puu
o'took a Liking to his Plays. When Crown's Petition
I prefented to the King, his Majefty knew nothing of the
untry's being taken from Philip and his Heirs; and if he
J known it, it appears not that he had any Right to take it
im the lawful Owners, lyhofe it was by Right of Conqueft,
their own Expencc of Blood and Treafure. He wrote a
er to Ntw-Bnglandy in which he wonder'd he had 'no
ter Information, tho' the Matter does not feem much to
jcern him. This Poet's Father was, I fuppofe, an Inha-
jant in the Northern Part of New- England ^ for he pretended
I the Property of a confiderable Tradt of Land in New
iilandi which being loft to the French^ his Son made that
Pretence for the giving him Mount H^e in lieu of it.
id that he had a New-England Education, one may guefs
this Tradition of him, that being fcnc to 'Turin with Mr,
.wards Sir Samuel Monland^ Envoy from Oliver Crom-
il'-y the Duke oi Savoy ^ in Behalf of the Proteftanrs of
HimmU he af&<^ed to be fo curious as to make Remarks
the Rarities in the Duke's Palace, where oblcrving iz
Pictures ranged in a Galiary, he put down, inllead of the
\tlvt Cafars, the twelve Jpejiles^ which I have known the
mftand the hearing of without Contradiction j and doubt-
in thofe Days, the People of this Colony were much
acquainted with the twelve Apoftles than the twelve
ra; tho' it is quite other wife how. I have fo feldora di-
that I hope it is excufeable, when 'tis to divert,
ime write that there is a Quarry of Marble in this Hill ;
J believe that is fome of the Magnolia of Neu}-Englandy
:h want Confirmation. Off of Mount Hopi lies Rhode Rhode
»rf, by the Natives called Aqueinet^ near the Narrggant^ ^^*"^
Bay. *Tis 14. or 15 Miles long, and 4 or 5 Miles broad.
was firft inhabited by the Englifh in the Year 1639. Thofe
withdrew to (his likod were fuch a$ erpoufed the Cove-
nant

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204

7%e Hijlory f New-England.

tiant of Grace, and were under Pcrfecurion from thofc tha»l
fidcd with the Covcn.int of Works. What ftrange Wbi[
fies breed in Men's Heads, to diftradt and difturb them.
believe great Allowance for Party muft be made in Dr. Qiti
Mathfrs Reprefentation oF the hrft Settlers in Rhodt Ilanj]
and thofe that came after them ; ** A (Jeneration of /ji,ri
" tinis, Familijh^ Jntinomlansy whofe Pofteriiy, for wani
** of SchooU of Learning and a publick Miniftry, are becooij
*' To barbarous, as not to be capable of fpeaking either go(
** Englijh. or good Scnfe." But thcfe Brutes, as he paint]
thetn, had fo much Senfe, that they kept their old Ghana
V! ■' >•■ of t^f'^il^cs, when Dr. Increafe Maihtr^ inltead of the o3
Maffachujtt Charter, brought home the new one bcforJ
ritCksf'tr mentioned. The Rhode IJland Charter is thus dcfcrib'd b]
mdCnfiitm' i\^ Board ^Tfode^ in their Reprefcntation to the/iea/i^
umthire. j^^ds, oi January 1735. -^^moji the whole Power of tk
Crown is delegated to the People j who make an annual EltQ'm
of ibeir Jjjembly^ their Council and their Governor alfi, t
^ the Majority of which ytjjembliesy Councils and Govtrmt^
hJing eolleifive Bodies^ the Power of making Laws is grantti
and as their Charter is worded^ they can and do mai
Laws, tveteS^Hvithout the Governor's Affenty and dlrta]
contrary to their Opinions^ no negative Voice being reftrvd 1
I - them as Governors. Their Laws are nrt repeeilable by the Crsw\

k/kt the Validity of them depends upon their not hiing contrar^
TlkCimt a$ ^"'^ ^^ ^"^^ ^^ '^^y ^* agreeable to the Laws of England. Til
eht Connie Colony of Conne6licut kept al(b ko ancient Charter of Privj
tinit Cum- leges, and enjoy them dill, as well as Rhode IJland^ ncitb
of which fend Members to the General AfTembly at Boj
and the Towns therefore have no A/ierifms in our Lift;
as they chufe their own Aflcmblies, their own Councils
Governors, 1 am fatisfied they will never be fond of cha
ing their Contiitution for that of the Majfachufets. Tfl
Charter of Rhode IJland was procured in a great Meafure H
Mr. Roger IVilliamsy who had been baniihed from l\
ton in the Debate about the Two Covenants^ and was foa
time chofenaGovernorof the Iiland} where, notwithftanj
ing the Influence of Mr. Williams^ who was an Anmm
and the Number of that Sort of Men faid, by Dr. Maih^
to inhabit here, one Mr. Samul Gorton, who had been
niOi'd the Majfachufet Colony, coming hither, and behavij
unbecomingly, was fentenced to be whipp'd and expeil'd tl
Ifland in the Infancy of the Colony, when Antinomm\
was predominant. About the fame time they fuffer'd a grcT
Lofs, which almoft ruined, or at leaft diOiearten'd them. TU
had.buih a Ship of 150 Tons, and freighted it for Eni\&\

fWi.

;'*f:-!

205

^t liijiory of New-England./

I|i[hthc moft valuable EfTcdta of the Country. Fivt or fix
of the principal Inhabitants of the liland, and others of a
fc^erR»n'^> '^^'* PalTagc in her, and fetting fail in January^
je never heard of afterwards. The Liberty of this Place
nptcd the J;^«<7i/r; to comefirft from >iar^7^<ji hither, and
j^t they fpread themfelves on the Continent, as is before
jjtea Thefe Quakers and their Difciplcs netted moltlv in /„M/r-i»ii.
fld about Newport^ a f mall Town in this Hland, of which
^ Mary Dy try who was hang'd iox ^ak,riim about 80
^tirJ ago- I *"^ very loth to think tije People of Rhode
y more barbarous than ihofe that hangM up the Quakers
Baptifts for Religion, and Fmbyttriam for Wiichcraft.
e reverend Hiftorian gives a little into Dr. Mather^ De-
mtion, in faying, Th^y begin now to be more civilized, if I
ive no other Opportunity to make a Comparifon between
ejn and the MajfachufeUy than by the one being an induf-
ious, thriving People, and the other Perfecutors ard nar-
Lfpirired, I mult think the Rhodeans are candidly dealt
j^ Mr. Neal adds, there have been two Churches in the
yjOne after the Nexu-Bnglijh Model, Presbyterian r r /«-
\(ni(ntt I can hardly diftinguifh them fmce their Union ;
other according to the Church of England, of which
KierMr. Honeyman was lately Incumbent, to whom rheSo-
for the propagating the Gofpel in foreign Parts allpws
iJ. yearly ; and truly, as Vit. Mather defcribes the Place, tbcj
uld want a Midionary as much as the Pequott or Mohegins'^
\ I have obferved that the Dodor is no infallible Gukle.
je Soil of this Ifland is very fruitful, and the Place fo plea-
it, that it is called the Garden of New-England^ which
B invited over fo many Inhabitants, that fome were forced
irrturn to the Continent, where they built the Towns of
\mitnce and frarwici, which Mr. Neal reprefents as in-
iM in Rhode //land Charter, which appoints a Govcr- ^^^.^^
IT, and one on as good a Foot as any in America, which fuintf$ mtt
Kcsnot very well with what we read afterwards. There's i'/*jj«w'*'/»»
icry confiderable Trade driven from Rhode Ijiaid to the
^Colonies for Butter and Cheefe^ t fure Sign of the Fruit-
nels and Beauty of the Place, for Horjr,, Sheep^ Eeef^
f>, T allow, TtmheVy Frames for Houfes, fome larger, fome
I, according as People wanted, or had Money to purchafe,
which the Traders have been enriched ; and Trade and
bes are much more ape to poliih People than Faculties
ID^rces, at Icaft without Genius. I find the Town of
njmouth in Rhode Ijland mentioned in my former Edition,
I Mr. Nathaniel Clap as Minifler ; but Newport is the
lital Town of the IQand^ and there the Court of Admi-
ralty

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mm ''^

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;«-'

206

955^ llijiory of New-England.

Providence
wick.

■■I

ifalfy IS held, when it has Occafion to fit. Mr. Ohp wa
then Minifter of both Congregations here and at Pertfmoutll
a very fmall Town. The laft cited Hiftorian writes, *' t j
** defervedly call'd the Paradife of New-England^ for th]
** Fruitfulnefs of the Soil, and the Temperature of the Qi.
•* mate, which, tho* it be not above fixty five Miles froj
** Bojioriy is a Coat warmer in If^infer^ and being furrounde
*' by the Ocean, is not fb much afFe<9:ed in Summer witl
** the hot Land Breezes as the Towns on the Continent are 1
We have obfcrved that Providence and Warwick^ lying bcl
tween Pimouth and Bny?*/ Counties, were built by the fwarnil
jng of the People from Rhode IJland;w)\o bringing their religjJ
OMsNoJirums along with them, tranfmitted a good Part of then
to their Poftcrity. The Town of f Warwick fufFer'd much \i
the Philippick War, every Houfe in the Town being dJ
firoyed, except one j but it foon recovered, and both thef]
Towns are now large and thriving. Mr. Neal fays they ar]
under the Government of Rhode IJland^ which feemin» t]
be, by what we have faid of v.^ one of the beft EftabHlHl
ments in the whole Country, *tis furprizing that the famj
Hiftorian (hould write there is the leaft Appearance of OrJ
dcr in thefe of any Towns in New- England. I am not a
all inclined to believe it, from their being againft ihxtCo';im%
which theMagiftrates and Minifters o^ Bo/ion declared for,beinj
fully r^itisfy'd that I have met with much more defperate Nol
tions there than Jntinomiani/m; the*, as far as I underftani
it, I take it to be a wrong way of Thinking. The AccouJ
of them at prefent is, according to that Hiftorian, " Theyliyl
** in great Amity with their Neighbours, and tho' every Mai
** does what he thinks right in his own Eyes, it is rare thj
*' any notorious Crimes are committed by them, which m
** be attributed, in fome meafure, to their great Veneratioi
*' for the Holy Scriptures, which they all read, from the leal
** to the greateft, tho* they have neither Minifters nor m
*' giftrates to recommend it to them. This dtferva a lit\
•* more Thought than one can have Room for in a Hip
•* They have an Averfion to all forts of Taxes, as the Invc
•* tions of Men to fupport Hirelings, as they call all fud
** Magiftratcs and Minilters as will not ferve them for 4
*' thing; and thofe of either,, that ferve purely for the Hir\
" are certainly not fo publick fpirited as thefe Antinomic
'iiimbitmiti,^^^ They are very hofpitable to Strangers; a Traveller paff
** through thefe Towns, may call at any Houfe with
'* fame Liberty as if he was at an Inn, and be kindly i
•* tertain'd with the beft they have for nothing." The rearii^
of Cattle, and making Butter and Cheefe is their chief £o

The Htneur
M$d Omttf
fityofthe

7J? Hijlory of New-England. 207

•Joy, by which they have very much enrich'd themfehres:
^Society for propagating the Gofpel, after the tnaoner of
Afi Church of England, have lately placed a Miffionary in
ij^e Parts, the reverend Mr. Guy^ to whom they allow %o /.
^ Jinnum.

The next Counties we rouft treat of, take in the united
Oolooies of the ConneSiicut and Newhaven, whofe Charter
is (till preferved as it was firft granted, which, as often
^^zMaJfachufets have under Cbnfideration, cannot but be
iccompanicd with fome mental Uneafinefles. Thefe two
goited Provinces are in Length from Stoniton in Nem-Lon-
jgn County, to Rye in Fairfield County, on the Borders of
^fiti-Yorkj 70 Miles, and in Breadth, from Saybrook in iVJw-
^«(/«« County, to Wind/or in Hartford County, about 50.
Thcfirft Co'inty we come to on the QoiXk is Nevj-London NewLon-
County, in which are, *^" ^•^'

Stoniionf Saybrook^ Prefion^ Danficky NnV'LondoHf Lymt^
Itbanotiy Killingworth.

TkeEailern Parts of this Shire are pleafant and fruitful, the
IWeftern fwampy and mountainous, . which occafioned a greaC
rade for Peltry and Lumber.

Saybmk is the oldeft Town in the County, ^ called from
tlie Lord Vifoount Say and Seal and the Lord Brook, two of
Ithe moil ilaunch Puritans in England, whofe Agent, Mr.
ftnwicky built this Town at the Mouth of the River Cmmc--
iut. /;>;77^ ftands over-againft it. Saybrook Fort was tho
urity of the infant Colony in the Pequot War. The Ri-
nConneilicut divides itfelf into feveral Branches, andisna*
ieable above 60 Miles within Land.
Hew London is Htuated on a.River call'd the Thanus. The
ft Branch of which River goes by the Name of Glafs
veff the next Branch by that of RuJePs Delight, the
ird by that of Indian River. There's a fmall River which
; into the Sea at Manchejier. The Trade of Ship-building
riihes here. I faw, not long ago, a fine Ship of 2 or 30a
onsat BriJloU which was built here, as I was then inform'dj
e Ship-builders and Ship-owners found this Place very
loiDinodious for fhem. At Stoniton ^here does or did lately
me a Packet-boat from NorthJUet^ in Long I (land, very
flvenient for a Correfpondence between New-L,ngland and
^e^-Yark. I Jartford is the next County to this within Land ; Hirtfiicd,
has no Seaport Town in it, which can be faid of no other
ounty in New-England-, yet 'tis well peopled, and the Pco-
thrive and live well. The Towns are,
Hartford^ Farmi.igton, Glaftonbury, Middle Towrty Wind'
; Hadhamt Simsbury^ fVfatbirbury^ WaUrsfifld, Farm^
'indlinm. • x Hart'

'/ #J

ft ""'-^

'[\i'\

ft "

208 f^e Wflon of New-England.

'" Hartford is the moft confiderable Town in this County. It
has two Parifli Churches, as they are regularly ftiled in my
Hiftory, and not with the Name of Meeting-houfes, when and
where they are by Law eftablifli'd ; but as the New-England '
Chriftians do not call their Churches by Saint's Names, fuch as I
St. Dun/fan, St. Botolpb, St. Warburgh^ St. Ethelford St
Cuthbert, St. Chad, St. Winifred, &c. Thefc two Church«j
are diftinguifli*d by the Names of Old Church and New Church
Near Hadham is an Ifland in Conne^icut River, which wai
ters the Northern Bounds of the County. 'Tis crUed ihir'tA
Milt Ifland, it being at that Diftance from the Mouth of
the River. In the Weftern Parts are feveral Ridges of Hills
and thick Forefts, which aflford' Plenty of Game, as it did
formerly of Traffick, when Furs and Skins were in better!
Demand.

The two next Counties made the Newhaven Colony 1
which is joined to ConneSficut. In Newhaven County arc f
the following Towns.

Brainfard, Dtrby^ Guildford^ Milford, Newhaven^ IVal.l
lingford,
Kewhaven.' The Capital of this Province is Newhaven, much more
confiderable than it was when my firft Edition was publilli'd
on Account of the College here ere<lied for Academical
Learning, which Mr, Neat fays, is like to prove afourijhml
Foundation, and to be a great BleJJing to that Part cfthX
Country, and I heartily wifli his Prefages may be accompli!}
The Library here has been well furnifhed with Books by myi
worthy Friend, Jeremiah Dummer, Efq; late Agent for New\
England at London, who was a good Judge of and Friend to]
Literature. The Name of the College is Tale-Hall; tb
Number of Students is computed at about 100, and I donoti
find that there is any Mifs of the before- mentioned fcrupulouj
Confciences in the eftabliHi'd Church here.

New Brainford has a fmall Iron Work on the Banks oj
a little River that runs into the Sea^ the Place is froi
iftn Mill, thence called Iron Mill. I am furpriied to read of a fmal
Iron Work here, or any Part of this Continent, from Aca^
dia to Georgia', for, according to the beft Informarion
could get, and which was the better on Account of my be
ing interefted in it at the time of Inquiry, there is Iron (alfc
Stone and Wood) enough in many Places, to fupply a'
Europe with. Either my Information was falfe, or Igm
ranee and Lalinefs have had terrible EfFeds in this Arti
cle, which would turn better to Account than over-ftcckinj
the Markets with their prefent Produift, Iron being in Pn
portion as valuable as Gold^ 'and much more ufeful.

Anothi

ne Hijiory £/*Ncw-»England.

ao9

Another little River runs into the Sea at Guildford^ and ftn-
«her at MUfard^ proper Streams for Aich Worlc, if there's
f^ and Stone enough.

The next County is Fairfield^ in which are the following
Towns.

htrjie^d) Danhury^ Norwich^ Stamford^ ITeadbury^ /JwV- Fairfida
pUVilh<''> Greenwich^ Rye, Stratford. ^'^'Z*

There is no navigable River in this County; that which
Ijlls into Hud/on*s River, below Newark, not deferving the
Name, tho* 'tis broad at the Mouth, but it does not hcSd fo
ibove four or five Miles, nor run twenty into the Country.
jioft of ills Towns, or rather Villages, are built in fmall
Creeks and are of no great Note for Trade or BIgnefs. The
Hand Part of the Country, 8 or lo Miles from the Shore,
is full of Hills and Swamps, which are uninhabited. It was
formerly the Mchegin Territory, and in part planted by
tliC Dutch, Nevu-Tork Province bounding it all along to the
Southward.

Befides the Tfland on this Coaft already mentioned, there
ire Faulcon Ifland, Fijher's Ifland, Block Jfland, where the
Pirates never netted, yet they have frequently water'd, and
10 other litrle namelefs Iflands, which ferve to break tho
\^inds and Seas from the feveraJ Shores.

CHAP. VII.

|0f the Government and Ijasffs o^ New England \ of
die Univerfity, and the State of Learning there.

much has been faid of theCcverament) in /peaking of

the firft and fubfequenc Charters, that we have little to
ddhere. The Governor of the Majfachufets Colony hav-
ng now under Jurifdidion that oiPlimoutb and New-Mamp*
^irtj fo he is generally ftiled Governor of NeW'England^

o' ConmSiicut and Rhode Jfland are not included in his
Dommiffionj and I have obferved, that the Governor of
be MaJJachufeti has always been Governor of New-Han^
Vtrt'^ for John JVentworth, Efq; had that Government in
leYcar 17x7, when Mr. Burgefs had that of the Majfa^'
fufeti.

The Governor and Lieutenant-Governor^ the Militia Of- oftht <?»-
ccrs and Judges are now nominated by the Crown, andt^-w* &«•

' P the

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mm ^^^

W^'

1 ■■■>\'^'

i; i;$

■ );*

*i.

^e Hi/lory of New-England.

CtUHlit.

the Admiralty Court is within the Governor's Commiflion for
the whole Country of New-England : It being obferved that
fuch a Court was left out of the Ch?irters of Conneaicut and
Rhode Ijland^ perhaps by NegKgence ; but that Fault will n%
ver be amended, if it was one. We have feen the Lieutc'
nant- Governor of New-England hold a Court of Admiralty
in RJjode IjJandy and proceed to Trials and Executions of
Pirates there.

The Counfil, which feems to me to be more properly callM
the Country* 5 than the Governor' s^ are chofcn annually
by the General Afembly out of the principal Inhabitants, Lioft,
ly Members of the prefent or formerReprefentative. Eigh.
teen of the u muft be Inhabitants or proprietors of La^j,
within the Li^iuts of the firft Mafachufet Charter ; four muft
bechofen ou' of the ancient Jurifdidion of Plimouth; three
out of Maine, one out of the Country between Sagada,\
hod and New-Scotlandy and two within any other Part of the
Province, within the Limits of the prefent Jurifdidion. They
have great Power in the executive Part of the Government
much of it depending entirely on their Approbation ; they
are alfo a Part of the Legiflature.
General jtr. '^^^ General Aflembly is chofcn annually, and meets at
ftmUj. ' Bojion the latter End of May. All the -Members fubfcribc I
the Declaration and Oath of Abjuration, Indeed the People 1
of NrijU' England vce. fo loyal to our Sovereign King Geom
that they have made it a folemn Boad, and it may be well
boafted of thorn, that they have not a Jacobite in thdr
Country. I

The new Council being chofen, at the Opening of thel
Seflions are prefented to the Governor, who underwrites his I
Approbation in thefe Words, / confent to theEleSfion ofCm\
fellorsy Given under my Hand this Day of 5. 5. I dol
not find that the Governor has a Negative upon this Eledtion, I
or that it is any where complained of as a E^efedl in theirl
prefent Charter. The General Aflembly ereft Courts of JuJ
dicaturc, levy Taxes, and make Laws from Time to Time/
not repugnant fo the Lzvfs of England : But all fuchLawi
Ihuil be tranfmitted thither for the Royal Affent, and if dif^
allowed within the Space of three Years, to be void. 1
Board of Trade, in their Reprcfentations before-mention
fay, with reference to this Conffitution, ** The AJn
" chufe the Council, and the Governor depends upon i
'* Affembly for his annual Support, which has too frquent-l
'^Ay laid the Governors of this Province under Temptatio
•'of giving up the Prerogative of the Crown, and i
J Inccrcft of Gnat Britain." The latter is certainly I

The Tii/idry 5/" NcW-6ngiand(;

tjie true Intereft of har Colonies alfo, inafmiicii is
their Pfofpcrity depends thereupon, and therefore fuch Go-
lernors deferved fevcre Animadvcrfion. In the Reigns we
liave lived under, ever fince the Proteftant Succeffion took
Eftft, the Prerogative of the Crown, and the Intereft of
Qmt Britain^ have been all one j in which fenfe this Ob-
fervstion is worthy the honourable Perfbns that made it, but
not in any other. Every one who has 40 s. a Year in Land,
Of5o/ perlbnal Eftate,. is a Burgefs. The latter Condition
i5 warranted by all Reafon and Equity ; and where- ever it ii
wanting) there is a Defe<a. Every Houfe-keeper paying Scot
I and Lot, is a Freeman of the Town where he lives j and if he
ijjnot (0 in OM-flng/and as well as Nnu, it tnuft bebecaufe
it would fwell the Number j the Reafon and Equity being the
ime every where. The General Aflembly confiftcd lately
of ftbout 1 00 Members.

Iii

ier.

For Bcjion 4
Sa/em 2

Charks Town 2,

Ipjwich 1
Newbury 2
Chilmark
Tijbury

)

All the reft of the Towns with ^tiAJlerlfm one a-piecd

I fliair itifert fome of the moft remarkable Laws. 2L4»ii

Adultery. Both Men and Women to be put to Death,
Che Crime is abominable^ and the law not much better, con*
dering how likely it is to be abufed.
Amtel. All Perfons not worth 260 A reguUrted*
Amp. None, if any means of Satisfadion j and no Pri-
Ifon, unlefs a Concealment of Efifeds.
Baftardy. The Father to maintain the Child. FadI doubc-
ilj acquitted, tho* fwom,
Blafphemy. Death.

Brtad/fffizei Corn % s.sl Bu(hell fP'hite.ff^eOieH. Hdujhold,

Ou.q'. Ow.q'. Ou. ^,
II I 17 I 23
Burgefis* To be Members of fome Church, /. e* Com*
mcants.

Children. A Son a Rebel, Death : The fmas tti curie of
ke Parents.

Falfe Wttnejftng^ teaching Life, Deatb.
Gaming for Mney. Treble Value. Ufe of Cards or Dice 5 u
buiHe-Boardj or Bowls, at a Public Houfe % s. Dancing 5 s*
to whip or fine at Pleafure, To have Cards in CuT' .

m'O

/. 9

H g

■I :'

'■Ufa

t\z TleHifloryofSevf'Enghnd.

Hirefy. Tddcny the 4th Commandment, the Bapttfm of
Inf. int5, the Authority of Magiftratcs, ^c Bani/kment.

^takers. To bring one in 7 3 /. forfeit, to conceal one 40,
an Hour, to go to a Quaker's Meeting 10 /. to preach there
5 /. Not an Inhabitant, Ban't/hment ; if return. Death,
Strangers to be whipped, to be branded with the Letter R
on the left Shoulder, and tobebaniihed ; if return, Death,

Jefuitsixid Popifli Priefts, Banijhment'^ if return, Dtath,

Indians. Their Lands in thejurifdidtion not itnproved bt I
them, the Properry of the Engii/h, To fell them Strong li
quors 40/. a Pint, a Pound of Lead Shoe 40 r, % Pound of |
Powder 5 /. a Gun 10 /.

Drunkards. Whipped in the Stocks, or py loj. io</. ^u
9 at Night.

Liars, to another's Prejudice, i o s. or whipped.

Marriages, To ftrikc a Hufb^id or V'/ifc 10 /. Noncjol
in^rry Perfoos but: Magifi-f tes.

Muity. A»w-£»f/^ Shilling z <^, lels in Value tha tl '
Old'Engnjh.

Sabbath-Breaking 5 s, forfeit.

Saturday. Oiinking or Sporting ufter Su^-fet ; .•. forfdij orl
Whipping. I

,S«f^^. No Healths to be drank aboard any Ship bHarJ
bfj^r., ot Guns to be fired after Sun fet 20 s. forfeit.

syinning. All Hands not employed, are obliged to fpin.

Strangers. Chriftian 'Strangers Hying for Tyranny, to I
maintained by the Public, or other wife provided for.

Swearing and Curjing 10 d,

Ufe-Mottey^ per Cent, *

fVitches. Death.

IFolves, To kill one within ten Miles of a Plantation,
Reward of 40 i.

IVorJhip Images and Idolatry, Deaths,

Qftht Uni"
verjity ani
St at I of
Zseauiing
thtrt.

Harvari .

The Laws of New-England being carefully college
printed and difperled, we refer to them for a more full 1
particular State of them, and proceed totheUniverfity.

Mention has been made of the Foundation of the Univerl
fity of Cambridge and Harvard Co\\cge,m it*s proper Ye
The Town, atK)ut fix Miles from Bo/lon, was at 6rilca]lo
Niw-Town, and had it's prefent Name from it's Acadeni]|
It was not incorporated tUl twelve Years after the Buildup
of Harvard College, A. D. kSjo, when Thomas Du
Efqj was Governor of the Majfachufets, and Mr. Dunfil^
Prefident of the College; and in that, or the foilov'
Year, Mr. Thomas Dudley^ Son I fuppofe to thcGoyerno

Tie Htfiory o/* New-England.

ii3

^ ctofen Fellow of the College, which confifts of a
Pfcfident, five Fellows, and a Treafurer. The Governor of
the Province, the Deputy-Governor, and all the Magiftrates
of the Colony, with the Minifters of the fix neighbouring
Towns for the Time being, are fhe Vifitorsy and much more
likely to do the Academy Juftice than the fix Minifters ; had
theVifitation been in them only, the Ptejudice of their £du-
i ^[jgn there, and that of their Brethren tnd their Friends, being
I Qiore likely to give them a wrong Biafs, than the Judgment of
Lj^umber of Gentlemen, many of whofe Pofterity were to be
l^edin their Principles and Manners by what they learn-
ed there.

The Prefident's Salary was at firft paid out of the public
frcatiiryj but the Profits of CAar/^-Tiwn Ferry being fet-
tled upon the College, and feveral Gentlemen both in Old
Ld Ntw-Engiand contributing very largely towards the Re- h3i?^'°"'
venues of it, it was quickly able to fubfift of it felf. Some
Itioie after another College was built near the former, for the Indians mi
Education of the Indians ^ at the Charge of the Corporation''^^ ^'^'"*
L. propagating the Go/pel in New-England^ and was called "*'
Xlnim-College ; but it is now converted into a Printing-
IHoufe, by the Corporation*^ Dire&ion, it being found im-
Uicable CO perfuade the Indian Youth ro a Love of Learn-
ng: And truly as there are likely to be no want of of Englijh
Unifiers, regularly bred, who may gather Indian Churches,
vliere the Englijh Tongue prevails, which is now in foroe

afure almoft all over the Country, or Englijh Minifters
grho can preach to them in their own Language, I do
otfee there is any great need of taking them from their
dbourin the Fields, or in the Woods, or in the Rivers, to

ke Scholars of them, any more than there is of taking

oys frotn the Plough in Old-Englandy to make Juftices
plerks, or Country School-Mafters of them. However there
lilill due Provifion made at Cambridge^ for the Accommo-
^rion offuch Indians as (hall be admitted into the College i
at there were never above four or five of them educated
, and but one, Caleb Cheefchaumucky who took his De-
there, and that was aoout fourfcore Years ago. I
needs own that the New-England Tafte for Literature

thofe Days was fuch, as made the Indians no great Suf-
by the Lofs of it. The laft Indian Youth who had his
ducation in Harvard College, was Eieazar, who fliould
kve taken his Degrees in the Year 1679.
[It is not at all ftrange that, as we read. Boob v/ereex-Liira>f.
ily fcarce in New-England when the Univerfity was
I fuppofe cbey were much more icarce ia £ff^ibff<i
P3 U

f ^f -■ m- ■

I' -til feW^

- ■ ,1 i 'Am

, (.

■f v

Ill

m -

'life-

.. '/r^:^ ^l;l'f.r■

4 fc 'i%

».'.•*

*5i,-' r

ai^ <rt^ Jf/y?<?ry o/" New-England.

at the Foundation of the Univerlitics there. The fJrft
Supply of that Kind which the Library had, were the
Books of Dr. pyHUam Ames. Profedor at Franeker^ whither
doubtlefs, he was driven by the perfecuting Prelates before'
the Reftoracion, as Mr. t^i^liiam Ames was from his Living
Wreniham in Suffolk^ after it. Mrs Amesy his Mother and
her Children, came to Neiv-Enghnd; upon the Dodlor's
Peath. Sir John Maynard^ the renowned Lawyer and Se-
pator, the mod Reverend Archbifliop UJi.^er^ nay the famous
Sir Kenelm Digby, though a Roman Catholicic, yet a hearty
Lover and Encouragcr of Learning, and feveral Orhers «
Mr. Richard Baxter and Mr. Jojeph Hill, contributed to'tiic
Increafe of iiJr^;^^•^/ College Library, as did the very Umedi
Mr. TheDphilus Gale, Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford
who, after he was turned out rherr by the Ad of Uniforl |
pity, travelled as Tutor witli the moft noble the late Mar-
quis oilVhariony then only Mr. Thomas, and his Brother Mr. I
Goodwin frhar ton ^ of great DiiUndion in the Parliament'
and King /F/7//fl»j's Service, who gave all his large and vaJuJ
able ColTedion'of Books to iriarvard College, excepting the
^bUofopbical P^rt, which containal Things too ai)ftruf? fcrl
the Heads of People thac were reaciy to go together by thcl
Jiars, for and againft the Covenants of W orks and Grace I
Things very inconliftent with Raillery when in other Hands.!
■ Several private Ferfons have from Time to Time lent in theiif
Contributions of Books to this Library, by which means it ia<^
creafed : So that before Queen Anne's Acceilion to thd
Throne, it contained near 4,000 Volumes of the moft ufefu)
Learning, by the nioft eminent Authors in the Faculties. ||
is pity it had not lain in the Way of the Donors and Collec]
tors to have ftored it more with the moft polite, and :h
l£k)quence bad not been, ir thqr Thoughts ^nd Fradice as we
as Science.

The firft Prefident o^ Harvard College was Mr. Natkl
niel Eaton, a Scholar, as it is called in i.ie worft Ufe of thj
Word, of whom otherwife I never met with a good Word
but from fome Devon/hire 'Writers, who confidered him;
their Countryman, for he died in Biddiford or Exeta]'^
He was fo cruel a Wretch, that he had two Fellows tobolj
one of his Pupils, tU] he had beatep him almoft to Deatlj
for which the General Court fined him a hundred Marb,
SitfeUt^. expelled him the Univerfity. He was afterwards excon
municated for Immorality J upon which he left A^^wz-^wik
and went firil to f^irginia^ where Immorality was not fo i
^s Excommunication. From thence he paffed to En^lani^
wli^re he lived privately, tiiJthe Reftoratioa of King Cj^^rii

Mr. Hatha
iiiel Eiron
Iftfidtnt.

T'e Hi/lory o/New-England.

215

the Second j and then conforming to the Churc\\ of England^
j]C was preferred to the Parfonage of Biddiford.

His Succeflbr in the Prefidency was Mr. John Dunjiar^ a ^f*- Dun-
Man of as much Learning and Merit as ever let Foot on the '^^'^*
jfijitrican Continent. The Prefident's Office is, befides go- i^aiific^t'f
verning, to examine into the Qualifications of all who de- '«'/»'' ''"
fired to be admitted into the College; to infpeft their Man- " '"'•''
nets, to pray Morning and Evening, and to expound a Chap-
ter, which one of the Students reads out of Hehrtw into ^^..
Quek in the Morning, and out of Englijh into Greek from gutuifeu •
(bcNewTeftament.

The Fellffws Refident are Tutors to the (everal Clafles of
Students. They Y\viC'^tc)ii\y Declamations, ^ Delieve enough;
for it fcf^s to have fpoiled their Manner in Stile and Difputa-
tim, of excellent Ufe in Contradidtion and Wrangling, of
which they infallibly lead thofe into that have not a Fund of
folid Scnfe and found Judgment, to pare off the Excrefcenccs
of fuch Studies. The Students aredivided into four ClafTes ;
^t junior Clafs, oxfrejh Meriy are a Kind of Servitors to the
whole College, out of ftudying Hours to go of Errands.^
\jc, from which none are exempted, unlefs they are admitted
fillnv'CmmonerSi as was Sir Harcourt Maftersy a very wor-
thy Gcnder.:9n, at this Time one of the Aldermen of the
Cir/ of London. The fourth Year the Students are admitted
Batchelors of Arts. Thofe who refide in the College after
they have taken their Degree, are diftinguifhed for the next
three Years by the Title of 5/>, added to ^tit Sirnames, till
they go out Mailers of Arts, as Sir Dun/iar^ Sir Ckauncey, Sit
\Oaies.

Several Men of Eminence, both in Oid and New-England^ Gentimrn
owed their Education to Harvard College. Though the Name '^J^^ "'
of Sir George Dnvning does no great Honour, confidering
bow after he had been a Tool to Oliver and the Rump, he
I became fuch, in fo abandoned a Manner to Charles II. that,
[to pleafe him, he .betrayed his late Mailer Col. Okey^ in
[whofe Family he had lived, feized him in Holland as a King's
jjudge, and fent him to England^ to be hanged, drawn, and
Iqiurtered ', and tho' his Genius and Spirit were both poor and
lunqual to his Chara(Sler as a Knight and AmbafTador ; yet for
[that he was an Ambaffador and a Knight, his Education at
l/fort/ari College is not to be forgotten. Here alfo was bred
\Miam Mildmayj Efg^ Son to Sir Henry Mildmay^ and el-
der Brother to Henry Mildmay^ Efqj of Shawfird^ in Hamp-
Uriy where his Pofterity, very nearly related to the Author,
,iicfide at this Day. Mr. Mildmay*s£\xx.ox here was Mr. Ri"
\{kri L]/on, William Stoughton^ £(q^ feveral Times Lieute«

V 4 nanc-

ijili. ;-• fVlp. '

Hi;

i;:'*l|'>^

V -^ - ¥•

,4 -T.X,

2l6

The Hijiory o/* New-England.

Oant-(jovcrnor of the Colony, nnd Founder oi fiLtu^htin-f-fa'i
in this Univerfity, Jopph Dudley^ \l(% late Governor of
^ew-England^ and many other Gentlemen of the Province
were alfo here educated. In Stoughtm-Hall are Accommo^
dacions for the Reception of fuch Indian Youth as have an
Inclination for Academical Education. We have mentioned
the Printing- Houfe here; and one of the hrft Things printed
rT"!!fl '^''*' ^** *^^ Nnv-England VcrCxon of the Pfalms^ which
j'/iSiiiiw/vcry ill dcferved the Pains the TranQaiors took in trgnflat.
tktr0, ing it, or the Expence and Care of printing it. Indeed I
am loth to remember the Namet? of the Perlbns cooccrncd
in this Vci'fion, ic being fo Uale to their Credit ; but finding
them in another Hiftory, I copy it. Mr. Eliot of Raxbury
Mr. Mathtr of Donhejier^ «nd Mr. /^W/f, were the Mini!
£ttn fcl2£led for this V^/'ork, which they finifhed, and got I
primed in the Year 1640, but my Author fays it did not ft.
tisfy ; and tho* revifed for a fccond Edition by Mr, Dunjjar
yet ftill it if but a poor Bufinefsi and the Miniftersofj
NewwEngknd fhould, one would think, have known that I
littuning and Languages will not do in Poetry, without Gc- 1
isius, wiSereas Genius will do without either. I gave Of' 1
fence in my firft Edition to fome who valued the New-Eng. \
land Verfion of the Pfalms, for the very Qualities which I i
condemned.

*♦ This Verfion, tho* it is abominable, in what follows as to
♦' the Metre, has the Commendation of keeping clofer to the
** Original than any, owing perhaps to the Corredtions of I
*• Mr. Dunflar, perfedly well vcrfcd in the Oriental Lar.
*' guages. The excufe the TranQators gave for their badl
** Verfes and bad Rhitnes, That God*s Altars med net eur\
** polijhing^ as in Cotton Mather*s Hiftory, is of the iamel
•* ftniin with other of his Arguments, as if they had afFedsdj
<* to be flat and rough, and could have done better, orth}t|
** we ought not to une our Creator's Praife in the beft Lan-I
^ guage andfweeteft]v7elody, according to the Example of]
^* the Divine Original, which they pretended to tranflate.j
** If they wanted a ftithful Verfion, why did they not do it I
<* in Profe ? tho' even then, I am afraid the Roughnefs and!
<* Fktneis would have been a Diigrace to the Sublimity and]
** Beauty of the Htbrew Pfalms; ibr among all their Gifts,!
^ they ought with a lit tic Modefty havQ feen that they wer«|
^* not tn«)wcd with that of Poetry." An Hiftorian is ^1
from di^ring in Opinion with me on this Head. Ifwt ttm\
fijre^ fays be, t^e New-England Ferjion of tht Pulms vim
thoft that ha-uffince hen puklijhei^ it muji bt aeinmlcd^tditr

it itit a mm rirrfirmm^ fkai bm vtry littU Biouty <ir By

^fhe Hiftory of New-England.

217

li^nti.

It has not one Inflance of it, nor any Thing like
v^t the quite contrary from the Beginning to the End.
'X Unti are frequently eked out with a great many inftgni'
I Ui\l rart'oes, for the fake of the Rhime.
v\ tndt^lc not with the Synod held at Cambridge in \C^o^
wvine Church Matters 10 Church Men, nly touching a little
Jin thole that have a great lay Mixtui c.
Mr. Dun/lar retiring to Situate^ the Minifter of thatTown, n^r^ chr
u^Qjjcrks Chauncey, was chofen Prefident of Harvard Col- Chaurce
to. He was born in the County of Hartford. mEugland^ Prtfulcu-
of which a large Folio Hiftory and Defcription was publiQied,
^ Sir Henrv Cbauncey^ Serjeant at Law, and, I fuppoft,
jarly related to this Mr. Chauncey^ whofe Merit does as
ImuchJ^onourto the Name, as cither Sir Henry's Book or
Title. Mr. Chouncey was bred firft at IVeJlminjUr School,
Ld ajfter that at 7ri«/V^ College, Cambridge^ where he pro-
ceeded Batchelor in Divinity, and was chofen Greek Profef-
jbr. Being beneficed at Ware in Hertford/hire^ when the
'«k of Sports, for profaning the LordVDay, was ore* ;eJ
I to be read in all Churches, Mr. Chauncey was fufpcnded
and nienced for refuting to read it. He had been intimately
acquainted with Archbilhop UJhery but that got him no Fa-
Lour from Archbiihop Laud. There is a particular Accouns
oficin^tt^«'''^*sColle6tions. The Severity of his Suffer-
ings drove biro atlaft into the Wildeme(s, He arrived at
\lifit}-England, and fettled at Situate in 1638, where he re-
Iniaincd till the Hierarchy was laid aiide in England ; and hav-
g^ thsn an Invitation to return to his Church at ff^are, he
|«a$ come to Bo/fon to take Ship in order to it ; but when
||je was there the Curators of //i7rv<?r</College, unwilling the
ICountry (hould lofc fo valuable a Perfon, preffed his Accep-
[unce of the Prefidentniip of the College, which was thea
Ifacant by the learned Mr. Dunftar's Refignation. Mr.
\kmcey at length yielding to their Importunities, fettled ac
tmbridge, and there fpent the reft of his Days, near thirty
fears: And upon this I cannot omit remarking, that fon^e
Biftorians appear to have bad too flight Informations,
t reporting that Dr. Owen was invited to the Prefidentfliip c>f
%rvard (College in the Year 1662 ; for Dr. Chauncey the
[fident lived 9 or 10 Years after that in the fame Station^
I was too well born, and too well bred, to have been
iifpliced to make room for any other Perfon, without his
Choice, which then iliould have been mentioned. It is
linDr, Owen was about removing to New-England nt:er
he Uniformity AO: had (ilenced him ; but he received .exprefs
)rdets &om the King to ftay where he was. Prefident

Chauncey

: i

I >

1:t)W4''''''|'.

i'- . ■:.• 1 t fi',

t*.,.-.

%. ^'

V ■'■t

lirp'^''

' li.

%iS ne Hiftory ©/* New-England.

Chauneiy had fix Sons bred in Harvard College to the M'
niftry, thecidcft Mc. //wc Chjunceyy was beneficed at /r, J'
borough in ff^ilt/hm , whence he was driven by tlie /tci ofij ■'
formifyy and was after that a very eminent Nonconformir'
Miiiifter in the City o( London. Hij Grandfrm, '^I j^u-fsrijL
Mr. Richard Chauncey, Linen-Drapcr in Ce-uyil/^ \-, ^ ^j^,
eminent Citizen and Trader. Dr. Ichabod Ch. tni.y^ anothe?
Son of the Prelident's, was Chaplain to the Rcgitr :nt ati
Dtvtkirk^ commanded by the Governor Sir Edward Harl,i\
Father to the firft Earl of Oxford za^ Mortimer -^ and J
worthy Friend the late Dr. Chauncty. a Phyfician of oc^m
SJcilland Pradice, at Brijioly was the Prelident's Grandfon
My Acqjaintancc with more than one of thcfe Gentlcmci
draws this Remembrance of them from me. On the Dead
of Mr. Chaunctyy he was fuccecded as Prclident of Harvan
J;';J''JJ"f College, by Dr. Leonard Hoar, the firft in that Station, whi
^Ht, had his Education in the fame College ; after which he tr}4

ycWcd to England, and commenced Dr. of Phyfickat cj
bridge. He was alfo beneficed at If^an/itad in Ejfex. I L]
pofe by the Prefentation or Intereft of Sir Henry Mildmmi
then Lord of that Manor, which he held in Right of hij
Wife, Daughter of Sir Leonard Holyday, Lord Mayor qI
London, and born in Gbucejlerjhirty as was this Dr. U'ia\
and perhaps a Relation as well as Namefake. He was turne
out at lVanJ}cad by the Uniformity Mi^ and being invited ta
be Paftor of the South Church at BoJioUy he returned to Uti^
England^ with a Defienco accept of the Invitation, at whic.
Time Mr. Chauncey dying, the Curators of the College chofJ
him Prefidenr, and hequitted his Pretenfions to the ChurcJ
at Bdjlon. This Dr. Hoar married a Daughter of that mud
injured and murdered Lady, the Lady Lijle^ who was butch]
Cred by Judge Jtfferies at tVincheJier^ for giving EntertainJ
ment to a Diflenting Minifter Mr. Hicks, Brother to Hu}\
the Nonjuring Parfon, if not Bifhop, who had been withtb
T^\^\it oi Monmouth^ which Lady Z.i/7.? knew nothing of. iJ
Dr. Hoards Time there was a new Subfcription for the Col]
leee, the Number of Students being coniiderably increafet
The old Buildings were not fuflficient ,to receive them : T^
enlargt; them Contributions were collected both in O/t/an
New- Sngland^ the lattcrnot fo liberally ^as the JJfefulnefsi
the W ork deferved ; for out of about 1 900 /. that was colledj
ed, above 800/. was raifcd in the Town of Bo/ion. Oft
Contributions in England^ Sir Thomas Temple, who had
both Proprietor and Governor of A'ifi^^-^^w/tfW, gave 100 /I
Pr. Hmt was fo far from giving Content in his Prefidcntniipl
that ^i the Students dcferced the College in a Body i Com]

plainu

^e Uijlory o/'Ncw-England.

219

ninfiM agaif^ft ^^"^ were made to the principal Men of the
Lyincc, who giving their Opinions in favour of the Com-

l^nt-S the Dodkor took it lo much to Heart, that he fell
[LjConrumpcion, which put an End to his Life, about (ix
Months after he was obliged to rc(ign his Office, in which
Ljwas fuccecdcd by Mr. Frian Quits, Ht was born in ^fr.vmn
hilond, but brought over hither very young, and educat- 9*''" '*"'
pj in Hatvard College, where he took his Batchelors and "***
j^lillers Degrees. He returned into his native Country a-
tiout the Time of the Rump, and was made Parfon ac
fiiMtld^ in Hampjhirty where he continued till he was turn-
ed our by the Uniformity A<St, and was made Mailer of the
School at Southwark. Some time after Mr. Oakes was in-
viied by the Church at CambrUgc, to be their Minifter,
ffbich he accepting, was foon after his arrival there, appoint-
^ Prefident of the College, in which Station he continued
(ohis Death, fix or feven Years after, A. D. 1682. I have
(Q(t with no Rcafon (ince my firfl Edition to make any Alte-
rjiions in his Charadler. " This Man, excepting that he
t' was very religious, does not feem to have had any extra-
* ordinary Qualities worthy the Station to which he was ad-
" vanced." Indeed one cannot help taking notice, that
there has been too little Care taken in the Choice of PreG-
dent and Fellows in the Univerilty, and Minifters of it to
prefer fuch as had a necelTary Mixture of Genius and £lo>
qjence, with Reading and Rhetoric k, of which others have
oblerved, as well as myfelf, who all were far from wiOiing
pifcouragement in Reputation and Intereft to this Uni-
verfity.

Upon Mr. Oakes^s Death, Mr. Incrtafe Mather ^ one of .i/r. John
thcMinirters of Bcjlon^ was chofen Prefident ^ but his Church ^"?"*
DOt confcnting to his removing to Cambridge^ Mr. 'John '^'•^'^'"'
hitn was preferred in his Place. He cameoverio Ntw-Eng-
kndit 6Yearsof Age, and was educated in //flry^r J Col-
lege, which in Mr. Rogers's Time had like to have been
burned to the Ground, but was prevented by his providen-
tial (hortning his Prayer, it being, as we have found, a part
of the Prefident's Duty to pray in his public Hall with bis
Scholars Morning and Evening, and without a Book. It had
been always, and I am apt to believe is flill the Cuilom, for
the Prefidents to think Length eflential in Prayer^, but it hap-
pened very extraordinarily that juH: as a Fire was breaking out
in one of the Student's Chambers, Mr. Rogers was /horter than
ufualjand that Student returned Time enough to put it out.

Mr. Rogers's Charafter has fo much Refcmblance with
iMr. Oaifs\ that the fame Sketch will ferve for both. He

died

!-■ I<

' ...'

,<;',.

■ 1

'»

220 me Hsfiory oft^cW'Enghnd,

died after he had cnjoy'd his Office two Years; and then Mr.
A/". Tncrpafe Increnfe Mather was chofen again, and accepted of the Prefi*
>ii»r!'^''"«^entfliipof the College, with the Confent ot his Congrcga'
tion at Bofton^ in the Year 1^84. He was the firftprcfident
that was born in New-England^ where his Father, Mr. ^,.
chard Mather^ arrived from England 50 Years before, snd
was chofen Minifter of the Church at Dorchejier. There are
fo many of the Mathers in the Ecckfiaftical Hiftory of Af^.
England, and fo much faid of them, that one would thiolc
it might be almoft as well called the Hiftory of the Mathers
as the Church Hiftory of New-England, Dr. Cotton Mathtr
Son of this Preftdent, is the Hiftorian, and he has not for.
gotten himfelf nor his Family in his Work, to which I refer
if the Reader's Curiofity will reach it. '

Enough has been already faid of Tale College at Newbaven
where we met with fuch edifying Tnftances of the Lightyboi
without and within^ to borrow a Phrafe from ^mkerlfm. The
Students in thefe Colleges, and who are computed at between
% and 4.oo,are much more numerous inProportion to theNum.
ber of Souls, than the Students in the Univerfities of Oxfwi
and Cambridge ; for fuppofing the Number of Souls in iVwo.
England to be 200000, the loweft Computation, and the
Number of Students 400 ; the Number of Souls in England
to be 8 Millions, the higheft Computation, the Number of |
Students ihouldbe 3<fooo i.1 Oxford and Cambridge, and they
are not half fo many. During Mt. Increafe Mather*s Ab.
fence in England, the College was govern'd by Mr. Jek
T,t?rtf.Jnt Leveret and Mr. William Brattle, The Univerfity, at hii I
7,;'/55f/J}'"' Return to New- England, conferred the Degree of Dodorof
~ Divinity upon him. It is not dire<flly faid that it was for his

eminent Services, in his exchanging the old Charter for the
new ', but it is faid, in the general, for fignal Services. He
lived many Years after that Honour done hitn, and had the
Title of Redor, which he received from jofeph Dudlt^^
Efq; King James's Governor.

Upon his Death, his Son, Dr. Cotton Mather, was cfao*
fen Prefident, and the Reader being already fufficiently ap. 1
prized of my Sentiments of his Qualifications for fuch an j
Office, I (hall leave it to others to enlarge upon them. He I
is the fame who,befides the New-England HiflxMy, wrote the I
Wonders of the Inviftble World, concerning the poor Crea-
tures who were hanged as Witches. It was publifh'd bjp
Command of his Excellency Sir Wtlliam Phips^ between
whom and the two Dr. Mathers there was exccUenC HarmoQ]f |
|n chofe Profecucioos and Exa^io n s.

Divinitf.

t>r> Cotton

Mather,
tufidtmt.

id then Mr.
)f the PreG.
s Congrega.

rftPrefident
er, Mr. ki,

before, and
There arc
oryofiVw.
would thiok
the Mathers^
itton Mathir
has not kt-
yhich I refer,

It Newhavm,
ieI/|A/,both
\akerifm. The
ed at between
intotheNum.
ies of Oxfsrd
Soub in Ntw-
ation, and the
lis in England
ic Numlw of
idge, and they
Mather's Ab.
by Mr. John
verfity, at hal
; of DodorofI

it was for his !
"hjurter for the I

e;vices. He^
and had the'

oftph Duiltj^ I

s/r, was dw'
tufficienily ap> I
Is for fuch an |
them. He!
y, wrote the I
\t poor Crea-
publifli'd bjfl
hips^ between
HarmoDyl

Having

^ mjtory of New-Englancl.

Having no perfcder Lift of the Prefidents and Fellows of
1/ rvflraCollcgc, I muffc defire the Reader to content him-
Sfwith this, as J have been forced to do, much againft my
Will through the Negligence or Indolence of thofe, to wliom
I often apply'd for Information.

prefidents of Harvard College.

221

1^10 Mr. Nathaniel Eaton, expell'd.

1640 Mr. Henry Dunjiar^ rcmovM.

l5u Mr. Charles Chauncey,

1 67 1 Dt. Leonard Hoary xeC^^'d*

,^y5 Mr. Frian Oaies,

1681 Mr, John Ragersy

1684 Dr. Increafe Mather,

1702 Dr. Cotton Mather,

Fellows of Harvard College,

^Fellows.
f Fellows.

}■

Fellows.

1^51

1^53

'Fellows.

Mr. Samuel Mathery
*H? Mr. Samuel Danforth,

Mr. Jonathan Mitchely
"+7 Mr. Con, Star,

Mr. Samuel Eaton,
1^4.0 Mr. C/r/fl» Otfi«,

Mr, John Collins,

Mr. ^/V W/ Wiggle/worthy ? p^Uo^-

Mr. Thomas Dudleyy i

Mr, Thomas Shepherdy

Mr. Samuel Nowelly

Mr. Samuel Hooker,

Mr. Samuel Bradjlreety

Mr. 7^«<i Moody,

Mr. Nehemiah Jmbrofe.
1655 Mr. Ger/ham BucJtley, Fellow.

1658 Mr. 5flm«^/ Shepherd, Fellow.

1659 Mr, Samuel IFillardy Fellow.

]^6d2 Mr, £«9i«// Stiddard^ Fellow.

1 5^4

1 ''^-|B

|:;^'.

■'(j«

m-^'

■■i

22 :9t

2666

1667
1669
1670

1671

X675
1577
1(^78

1680

16S1

1681

1^9+

5 FelJows.

|. Fellows:

Fellows.

0W3.

!!7%<f Hifiory of New-England.

Mr. Alexander Noweli,

Mr. Jofifph Pinehy

Mr. yjifipk Brown,

Mr. /*A« Richardforty

Mr. Nehemiah Hobart^ Fellow.

Mr. Daniel Gookin^ Fellow.

Mr. Jmmis Ru^Corbtty Fellow*

Mr. Ifaac Fojiery

Mr. ^anad Danforth^

Mr. Samuel Sevally

Mr. Peter Thdcker^

Mr. Samuel Andrews,

Mr. Nathaniel Gookin,

Mr. y<?A« Danfotthy Fellow.

Mr. John Cotton, '( r- 11

Mx. Cotton Mather,. }^^"°^^-

Mr. y<>/:'« Leveret, 1 Vice-Prefidents anj

Mr. JVilliam Brattle, f Fellows.

Mr. Samuel Mitchel, Fellow.

Mr. Nehemiah IFalter, Fellow.

Mt.JohnlVhit', Fellow.

Mr. Paul Dudley, ' Xv w

Mt.BcjaminlVadfivortb, .<^cl»0WS.

Mr. Ebenezer Pemberton, Fellow.

Mr. John Fitch, Fellow.

Mr. James Men, M. A. 7 - ,,

Mr. Charles Morton, M. A. 5 *'<^"°w«-

} Fell

The two laft were bred in England. Mr. James Allen^ M,
was Fellow of New- College, Oxford, as well as oi Harjari
College in New-England; being turned out at Bartholmt
Day, 1662, he removed thjther. Mr. Charles Morton^U,
being at the fame time turned out of his Living of Blijland \
Cornwal, had, for feveral Years, a fiourifhing Academici
School at Newington, from whence he was alfo driven b]
Perfecution, and coming to New-England^ was chofcn MJ
nifter of Charles Town,

CHAP. VIII.

Of the Inhabit? ats, their Number, Manners^ Culj

toms. Trade.

V . M'-"

HOT have left the Indians cut of the Article of Ii|
habitants, there art fo ftw of tb«m now remaioii^

*. •,

^t J

fbe Hifiory ^New-England. 22 j

I. Agjurifdiifiion of New- England, and thofe that are be-
[r iq very much anglicifed in Speech and Reh'gion, as well
%re(s, Cuftoms and Manners j yet, to give a little Idea of
I ' j^fatives, when and for fome time after the Englijh came
limongft them, I fhali fparc a Page or two on that Subjed.
The Maffojfoits, or IVampanags, dwelt about Mount Hope, ofthtln*
.^(Ui^Bri/iol County. They were the firft Niition that the '*"**
n/;^ acquainted themfclves with, and Mr. PTinflnu enter'd
ntoFriendfliip with their King, as has been laid; but the
"randfon of that King, tho' he had taken a Name from
iitEn^l'A ^^° S^^^ him that of P/j/7//>, became their mor-
I Enemy, raifed moft of the neighbouring Nations againft
jieni carried on a defperate War, and at laft perifl\*d in it
fithmoftofhis People. What Opinion he had of the Chriftian
icligion, even after Chriftianity had been preach'd amongft
hem ?o or 40 Years, may be imagined by his taking hold
Ji Button of Mr. Eilioty the Indhn Apoftle's Coat, and
tying, I care not that for your Religion. A Sign he had
arn° fome Englijh, it being a Saying of Contempt with them,
Uare not a Button far it. The Pocaffdi were in Plimoutb
pounty. The Queen was a Confederate with Philip, and
kiHi'd aifo in that War. The Piquots, a fierce untradable
feople, inhabited the Country towards the Mouth of Con-'
\^icut River, between New-London and Fairfield Counties^
hey did what they could to hinder the fettling of the Eng"
i on the Banks of the ConneSficut, and began the firft War
Eth them, which ended in their Deftruftion, very few
'them furviving it. The Patuxets dwelt between the
unties of New-London and New-BriJioL The Maquas are
ilfd by Dr. Mather, and after him by Mr. Neal, with the
\(Di'Envland Indians', but they belong to New-Tork, and
!one c.f the five Nations in perpetual Alliance, or ra-
Coalition with that Province, Dr. Mather makes dvr.Ti
\in-Eaters ; but that Dodor affefts thcOutofihe way, which
Criticks call the marvelous, in all his Hiftories, which
{ide fomuch Room for Witches, Apparitions, monftrous
hs, and other Magnolia . I have not met with : Vf fober
llory that fpeaks of thefe American Cannibals, except a-
ngft the Caribbeans, and fuch fort of Relations are too
onary and juvenile to be aflbciated with plain Fat^s and
Incidents. The Maquas are the Maquois in the French
faphy ; and indeed all the Indian Nations, Southward ol'
»«(j4a, go with them under that general Name, as the Na-
ns to the Weft are term'd Hurom ; yet have as many dif-
Names as there are Sachems, or Kings, fuch ;u they
, of particular Diftri^Tts or Territorit^.

I The

.:■■.!■■(■ . i :

t-f .#

:f<

224

Hje Hifiory of New- England.

m • -^f

The NarragantfeU were a formidable People, oniv V
the Engl'ifl> were a weak. They inhabited the Country abH
New-London. The Neumteaks lived where now is ^a'
County. -^

Mtflkhuretf ; The Majfachujitsy who dwelt where now are »he Cou
ties of ^uffuih and Middle/ex, was the raoft popul' -s Natio
and they have the Honour to give Name to the whole pr'
vince of Ntw-EnglanJ, except tjvo fmuU Charter Goveri
mencs, the Governor's Commiifion bearing die Stile of i)/
Whtnct the fachufits Bay^ *tis not improper therefore to know the Dt
***'''• rivation of the Word. The Sachem of the Country whei
the Engiijh came firft thither, had his Wigwam on a littl
Hill, about fix Miles from Bofiony now or lite in the Pol
feiHon of Capt. John Billings, This Hill lay in the Shape
an Indian Arrow*s Head, called in their Language Mot
Monsy and a Hill is Wilujei, Hence theSachem's Royal Seai
doubdefs inferior to ibme of the meaneft of our Kmnth m
called Mo/uitufet, and his Subjeds the Mofuitufet Indiam
which very camy fell into Majfachufit^ the Hill with the yfrj
rou/s Heady a very lively and natural Derivation. The i
hegins dwelt near Huron's or New-Tork River, and werd
properly fpeaking, the£.xteniion of the Maquas to the Coai
The Manimogs inhabited BarnJiapU County, the l^amaikk
the Country between Providence and Merrimack River]
The Indians beyond Maine in Norembequa, went by th
Is'ame of Elechemens; but they had alfo difierent Namci,
according to their different Diftrids j for every Sachemots}
gamorcy there being little or no Difference in the Senfe of th
Words, who had under him a Territory % or lo Miles
Length,ere6):ed his Lands into a Kingdom, andgavea Na_^
to his Nation. Thefe Kings were Captains eleded out oftb
Seniors of their noble Families. They had no Nobility amo
them, but fuperior Wifdom and Valour, and that remalnj
no longer in the Family than thefe Qualities. What a I
barous way of thinking they had ! As if Nobility was cod
fined to Valour and Wifdom, when, amongft polite Nation
it is not only not confined to Wifdom and Valour, but evel
not to Virtue and Honour j and indeed the Savages tberafclv^
had fome Exception to this Rule, tor there were Nobki
mongil them who were fo by being defcended from their 5J
chemsy or by enjoying Landj granted them by the Crow
TheVoiceof the Siegamore was definitive in their Aflemblii
Their Priefts were alfo th<:ir Conjurers, How Men diiFer wij
Climates! They had no other Phydcians, and all theDillin
tion among rhem wa5 vali.mt Men and Poltrcm^ They w^i
cloihcd with Deer sivins, WoU' and iiear- skins, which th

Tiitr Sd-

tktm$>

7be Hiftory of New-England.'

M'V off in SiMnmer, and put on again in Winter. Their
food was Maizi, Fijh and Fowl, very good Feeding. Their
j^eapons Bows and Arrows, fliarpen*d with Filh Bones, in-
of Knives, which they thought fo peculiar to the Eng-

22J

\ that they caii*d an Englijhman a Knife-Man, Their Ca-
^. or Boats, were Trunks of Trees made hollow by Fire.

noes,

SoDic of them had no fettled Dwelling, but lived 8 or lo
families together in a moir€able Tent. The Men had each
}s many Wives as he could maintain; the Women, before
MirriagCj proftituted themfelves without Scandal; but be-
ing Wives were very chafte and faithful. I fliall fay no- rhrW Mi-
^gof tiieir Religion, becaufe I believe, as bad as it was,i«o».

it ii made worfe in the Accounts given by fome of our owmi
i^riters. Mr. Mayhetv, of Martha's Vineydird, wrote, that
they had a great Feneration for the Devil. Now they co'.'ld
jot know there was a Devily as Mr. Mayhew raoft certainly
meant in a fcriptural Senfe, without knowing there was a
God a Power infinitely good and wife, oppofite to one infinite-
ly wicked and malicious j therefore Mr. MuyheWy atvd other
icckfiaftical sVriters, after they had form'd an Idea of a
ery hideous deteltable Spirit, terrifying the Imaginations of
■ ; uninform'd Savages, give him the Name of the Chriflians
;vil, which they knew no nx)re of than of the Chriflians
lod; and, in EfFedl', there is no other Devil than that of
Chriftians. One would think Mr. Nealh Defcription of
^r Poivawsy or Priefts, had rather been a Tranflation out^n^^ian
if fome European Travels, than aTranfcript out of Hiftory. p^^^^"]^
fkiir Powaws, or Priefts, are a fubile Generation of Men,
itttbitisus, cruel, greedy of Riches, grafping at abfolute Power
i Dominion over the People^frof/i whom t'ley n quire pro-
nd Rifpeii and Reverence, as Perfons ivho have a familiar
cual.tance with the Deity, and who, by their Bljjings and
\uifin^s, can 7nake M^n happy or mijirable in a future State,
far is pat enough ; but the next Line ftarts away widely
oin the Parallel. 'J he People certainly believe that they can
'iji the Devil. And Dr. Cotton Mather bciieved it too; for
lying an Infl:ance of the Exoreifng, he writes with fingularpj,^,., f\,^
ravity : '' They often kiU'd Perfons, caufed Lamenefs and Conjunn.
Imix)tency, wicked IVorks indeed! They fhewed their
Art in performing feveral other things, by human, or by
a dialnilical Skill, and this cither by defiring the Spirit
they convcrfed with, the Do£1or is veryferioua, to do the
Mifcl^ief tb«y intended, ot by forming a Piece of Lea-
ther like an Arrow-Head, tying a Hair thereto, or ufing
fotne Bone of Fifli, &c. over wluch they pertbrmed cer-
tain Ceremonies, and then difmifled them to accompiilh

Q. " their

"i^Al

HI ; mm ■

fwm

'■•■f ■ ' wfl

^:;i

.' ,«''

^=);». M:,!

£26 T^^ Hiflory bj New-England.

<* tlieir Dcfires: And fuch enchanted things have moft cer.
" tainly either enter'd the Bodies of thofe whom they intend!
** cd to afflid, or the Dtvil has form'd the like within tlieir
*' Flefli, without ariy outward Breach of the Skin." I^jn
repeat nq more of it, and I believe this Specimen of the
Dodor*s extenfive Genius and folid Judgment will fo fortify
the Reader, that he will excufe us for not borrowing any i
thing farther out of his EccleHafUcal Hiftory relating to the
Indians. Mr. Neal has pretty well pared what relates to the
Nnv- England People of thefe Excrefcencies, and, as we
have obferved already^ there's fo much Difference between
the prefent Indians and thofe in the time of Mr. Wmthm\
and Mr. IVinJlow^ that the Englijh Reader will be led into
great Miftakes by reading the Accounts of the Natives in
their Days, if he, from thence, forms an Idea of what theyl
are now ; for, with refpedt to the Nations intcrfperfed a*!
mong the Emlijh on the Borders, they are no more difFerentl
from ' them in Drefs, Manners, Language, than the hrvM
Peafantry are from Gentlemen and Merchants.

As to the Englijh Inhabitants in this Province, one may a*,
well pretend to defcribe the Inhabitants of Brijiol and ^mtrX
fetjhire^ as thefe of Bojion and the Majachufets. They difi
fer perhaps from the Manners and Cuftoms of the Inhabitantj
in and alx)ut London no more than the Englijh in the Well
Country, and even in the Article of Religion, tho' the Forn
of the primitive Eftabliihment is kept up, and the I^atlmi
Church is Presbyterian.^ or rather a Compolition of ?mhy
* terian and Independent j yet People that come amongft then
now are very eafy on that Account, and have more Libert!
in others than was confiftent with the Prccifenefs of the firl
Planters, who, rather than have fufFer'd an Organ to havl
been fet up at Bojion., Would have fled beyond the Lake of thj
Iroquois to have been out of the Hearing of it, tho' it ccif
tainly would have done them no more Harm than to haJ
laid afide Mr. Elliot'^ and Mr, Mather*^ Plalms, and havj
made ufe of Dr. Patrick's or Dr. Brady*s.

We have feen enough of the Meafures of the Pcrfecutoj
in England^ to ki.ow what Reafon the firft Planters had i
fettle here. Great Numbers of them, at all Hazards, tranj
ported lI.emfeiVes to New- England., to enjoy there theLl
berty of Confcience refr bd them at home, which multiplyl
this Colony much fafter than any oth r ; for the Englijh di
not fo tnuch pretend to Confcience any where elfe k An
rica as in New-England^ and there too came many for tij
Sake of the Furs and the Fiih, as I hive al£e<idy oblervU

jle Hijlory 0/ New-JEngland.

:il7

As to the Number of the Inhabitants at this time, in all the iJimb*rof
Wcularions I have hitherto met with, the Writers did not Jj^f",
ilflderftancl political Arithmetick, or had not exad Information
{ioinruch Perfons on the Spot as were capable to inform them.
Mv Computation was, 30 Years ago, itJoooo Souls, and of
Aein 500°° figl^t^ng Mert; the 160000 I have no reafon to
recede from by ahy later Computation well founded, not on
Heir-^y or Guefs. The natural and additional Increafe of
this Number, computing by that taken in 1640, when there
^jfgj 000 Planters, and confequently, 12 or 14000 Souls,
^nllraife the Sum Total very high, the Proportion ot i ;ooo
jj ,(^40, and i(Joooo in 1708, Sixty ight Years, would
yithat idoooo in the laft 30 Years too much for Reafoti
jnd Credibility i but one may very well fuppofe that i^oooo
woald in 30 Years time, by natural and additional Increafe,
rife to' a fourth Part, which is 40000, and then the Number
lof Souls in New- England would be 200000, and the fourth
part of them being fuppofed to be fighting Men, the Num-
terof the latter is 50000, which perhaps h as near the
latter as any other Calculation i the 50000 in the former
Idition being too much, the Propotion of fighting to the
utnber of Souls mud be much more in Colonies than in
other Counrries, becaufe more grown Male People tranfporc
.iernfelves thither than Women and Children, who are car-
ied away by their Parents, Relations, or Friends. That the
idditional Increafe has been equal within thefe 30 Years, to
iny the like Increafe after the Toleration in England^ will
iot be queftion*d by thofe that are acquainted with the Tranf-
^ttations thither, I mean not criminal, efpecially from Ire-
•ni from whence it is faid loooo Scotch Presbyterian Fa-
have tranfported themfelves to America iincc the Death
if King IfilUam. Whether occaiion'd by the OpprefTiort
ifEcclefiaftick Governors in Mie North of that Kingdom,
irtheRackingof Tenants by their T.andlo.J:., as is alfo faid,
matters not here to enquire, and I only hint it to (hew
at this Addition, if Nrw-Ertgland has the leaft Share of
lefe lOOOO Families, mud make the incidental Increafe as
.oportionsbie now, asirt any other Period of the New-Eng-
ni Hill ry after the Civil War^. There have alfo been
infiderable Recruits of People, by the coming of French and
ither fo-cign Proteftants, fmce the Revolution. The former
ire fettled in a County about :t'> Mile-: from Bojfon^ «nd have
and are now in a thriving way. By other Methods of
ilculating, the Number of Inhabitants, p.ccording to political
ythmeticians, by the Increafe of 14000 in 100 Years, in
[healthy Country, and of the additional Augmentations of

Q, i 500

i m

*^<

%■

•:sMf§L

22S

The Hijory of New-England.

■A

The Enal'di

Strength in

the Ameri-

can iro«f/;/('«<

■■

fuffidcnt a-

faiufi all

Eni»i!iS,

'iki )^y': ,1,

500 Souls only yearly, the Account would fwell to above
300000 • and fo it muft be at leaft, to make out Capt JV/«»'(
AflTcrtion, that there are if 00000 Souls in the Briti/h ^,J^
rica, exclufive of Negroes^ Indians and Malattoer^ whici
Calculation is too cxcclTive, three hundred thoufand Souls bci
ing the higheft that Any way of computing can fwell d
Number of Inhabitants to at this time, and Mr.^rw^'sCoc
putation was 20 Years a^o. ♦

I am not for frightening ourfclves eternally with the hnci
Acquifitions on this Continent. Canadoy the Bulwark and
Glory of them, is a barren defolatc Wildernefs, which wl
at firft valuable to them for the Fur Trade j but now funk as wcy
in France as in Er.gland^ fmce that Trade ia (carceof aquarte,
Part of its ftrft Value j their other Advantages are trivial to thofi
oiNew-Bnglandy and the French Council of Commerce will na
be able to mend the Climate and the Soil. The Countrie
bordering on the MijUijlfipi^ are fruitful and fine, and are
Length 12 or 1400 Miles, polleiTed by Nations that atl
more populous and powerful than were the Indiamy BoJ
derers on the Englijh Plantations ; and the French^ if the
were let alone, have cut themfelves out more than xooYcii]
Work to have a Communication between the River of Sti
Lawrence and the Bay of Mexico, and ib between ^dt^
and Hi/panioia, Dreams of Colonies and Commerce in th
Moon. ThejEngliJh Borders extend to the Nations borderii
on the MiJJiJftpi for almoft the whole Length of that RiveJ
and the French^ in the Terra Cunadenfts^ are intercepted
many Iroquois Nations, no Friends to them, about the La
of tht Illinois, and feveral others between them and the Mil
fjftpiansy of which the Englijh took large Livery and SeilS
{o long ago, and whenever they are difpofed to re-emer up
the Prcmiles, do not want a better Claim than thefmi^
can pretend. Add to this, that Carolina itretching to ih
Mouth of the MiJJijJipi^ if the Country was polfcfled an
fortify'd, that River would be of no Ufe to them. k%
their Tirle to the Country bordering on that River, 'tisa Je
as all Titles to /«^w« Countries are, not founded on thefir^
and conftanc PofTeffions of the Natives i GraiUs from Crowil
of Lands that never were before heard of by the Grameri
are of no more Confideration in Juftice and Reafon thanth
Legacies in Diego\ Will : But, even according to this Titld
r;eEngli(h the Engll/h have a prior Right to the French in the Mi([§l
Miffifn/f' ^'"g Charles I. gra»ned 3l the Country between Caniv^
prior tl \hat and that Ri\'er to the Southward, which was called Can
'>SthcTtiw\u2>\xRobert Heath and his Afligns alienated it to the late Dr.jD^
nitl Cox, whQ> in King William'^ Reigo, ienc two ^^

fb^f Hffiory of Ncw-Engknd.

229

J0h with aoo People to make a Settlement, over
\j0iSit ff^fli**ff» ff^ttUir^ fo aOivc in the Difcovcry of th«s
L.)jm was to have been Governor. I had frequent
Dfcourfe with him concerning it at Dr. Cox'z Houfe; but
ji0 in War time, and the French were confequently jufti-
L Id jttickiftg and deftroying the Sectiement that was begjin '
m ^1 ^'^ ^**'* Adventurers: However, this being 50
TeafS«go, is a plain Proof that the Englijh have at Jeaft as
\m\ a Rig'^t to the Miff^tpi as the French^ at leaft to a
IttodPa" of it, that which lies on the Back of Caniina.^ and
!,(}{ to the River's Mouth, in the Bay of Mgxica, 'This
pretnifed, and a Comfwration made of the Ability of
\nglijhby their Numbers to aflift and fupport their Right
j^BiyPaft oftheContinent,of whichiV^-5>j^/aw.V is a main
Iftjcle, this cannot be juftly term'd a DigreSion ; and that
■gtevf? is aim'd at here is pradicable and probable, (hall be
Jn apparent by a plain circumltantiated Scheme, when it
irequirii ; and all Objedtions, arifmg from cither Folly or
^ Of both, be fully anfwer'd and confuted.
As to the Strength of the A^<ftt;-£«if/<7»<//«///W, with Re-
\ to that of the Engiijh Inhabitants, it will not ftand any
pparifon; a tenth Part of the Englijh Militia would drive
[IT into the Northern and Weftern Lakes, or extirpate them
(found upon it. But they are indeed Servants to the Eng-
yWng like the Poor of our Parishes, on the Hire and
[iftty of the Rich. They are forry Labourers, even thofc
(them that are Chriftians are flolhful, and almoft all of them
in to drink, when they can get it. The Mtlitia of New-
^knd is now fo powerful, that in cafe of a Rupture in
U/, they need not be in fo much Apprehenfion of the
wi and Indians together, as the latter need to be afraid of
nwith or without /«^M« Confederates ; which, however,
jfdo not want, and I cannot imagine why certain Writers
[ilways terrifying themfelves and others, by looking on the
\mb Power in Canada through magnifying Glafles, and on
It of the Englijh in all the reft of the Continent to Saint
ktaoj in the Spanijh Weji-Indies^ thro' the contrary. I wifh
las much tojfay for the Safety of the Iflands in the Britijh
eflion as I have of the Continent, and of them, by re-
jDDg the Whole to an Average j much more might
[faid than I have met with, but as this is the Bufinefs of
]Publick, the Publick (hall make the Enquiry before I
wfly enter into fuch a Difquifition.

/hen the Englijh were increafing their Capital feveral rrAde 4
Jredsof thoufands of Pounds yearly by their Wejl- India New-Enj;^
(ide, there were fome fine Heads amongll us, particularly i*"«i»

Q 5 among

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^30 T/je Hijiory ef New-England.

•mong the rural Gentry, who cried out againft the Lof
fo many Hands, which fliould have bf rn employed Ji, aL^
culture at home; the' there have been \>x,ny more loH
taking Boys from the Plough, and fending them to S
than have been by the IVeJi Indies, put all together.

The Miftake about that Trade is pretty well over
People are now convinced that Hands ought to be fparcd ft
Labour there, if we had more Ground to be laboured, < r
keep V at we have. This is generally granted, as 101

Sugar 1 Hands; but the fame Objedtion ^U/ifta ftijl ip a gri
Mcafure as to the Continent of Jmsrica. It was r^if^
Ignorance, and has been fully anfwered by Experience.
Dalby Thomas explains this, in hisTrcatife of the IVeji Inl
Colonies: '* By Tillage, Fifliing, Manufadkury andTradi
the Nevj-England People, to all Intents anr^ urpofes i
tate thofe in Old England, and did, and, in, ne Mcafc
do now fupply the other Colonies with Pro ifions, jnE;
change for their Commodities, as Sugar, Xobacco (
** which they carry to foreign Markets, which cannot chi
'* but be advantageous." Granting the Sugar Iflands to
fo very beneficial to us as they are partly reprefcnted, we
indebted to the Continent even for that Benefit; for tl
Iflands could not fubfift withour the Supplies of Provifi,
which they have from thence quicker and cheaper than fn
England; and every particular Province has fome AJv:u
or other to offer to England, for the Labour of the
they take from it. New-England has Materials enough
hw\(\ Ships for half the Trade of the Kingdom, and can
siuTi ?he Trade and Navy too with Naval Storesj which
io d ain us of i or 300000/. yearly, for Supplies from
Baliick ; and if we are drain'd now of a quarter Part by
a i>emand, after fo many Years Trial of the Plenty and G
nefs of thofe Materials and Stores from New-England^
other Continent Colonies, the Fault is not in the Want
them there, wherefoever elfe it lies. Mafts, Plank, Pii
and Tar are there certainly in fui£ci?nt Quantities to anfi
all Maritime Ufes in England, and might have dqne fo li
ago,as (hewn in my formerEditioh, wherein I faid, " TheTi
fure and Glory of the New-England Woods, is the
narch Oak, the Spruce and Fir-trees, by which the Navy;
England was furnifh'd from hence with all manner of Stoi
" which they produced at a cheaper Rate tha.i they are
" imported from the Baltkk. Pitch and Tar are tnacie
** and as good in its Kind as any from the North."
was pur in pradice 8 or 10 Years after, and fo contin
hut ia a fufpeded precarious way. The Mifchief ofallni

5 Schei

lie Hijlory o/* New-England,.

Ill

j^cincs is, that if you ofFcr them to Perfons that are in the
jjjnagctnent of them, ihcy negledt or baulk them, becaufe
j,j){ Credit and the whole Benefit will not thereby accrue to
J tii„ felves. Add to this, that to imagine any one out of the
i Mtiigemcnt can tell what belongs to it better than he that
Hj; jj, will certainly quafli any Project, for which way is not
LBdc beforehand by preventing all Doubts of that kind by a
Ljutusl Undcrftanding, which Men who know what they are
Lwt, know alfo what the Duty of others is in it, and will
jotbcai the Trouble of officious and vain Applications.
iTic bringing Naval Stores firom Ntw- England was, as is
ij{«wcll known, at firft treated as a vifionary Projed, to
Uroniething into the Projcdor's Pockety and becaufe many
U that kind have been raflily undertaken in former times,
[tlie Qiutk)n has fince been (o great, that fome very good
[gncsbave been either rejefted or negleded, wif it diftin-
mi between the bad and the good. At la^ 1 Stores

jtere in iniail Parcels imported from this ar tijb

liolonicj, and it was faid, in a Memorial dra\ (Jfe

of the Utrecht Peace-Makers, where Mention ii, maue of
hflvHtimpJhin. In the Eaftern Parts of New- England ^^ore Kavai
IffHiii the tall Pines^ which are yearly brought home in thef^^"^"*
Xihjl Fleet \ and, indeed^ where there is Juch a vnj} ^uan- Jhlrt 'elft.
\tj of Naval Stores of all Sorts as is. not to he found in any
fart of the IVorld^ I conceive.^ therefore^ that fince Naval
mi on groiuiingfcat;ce and vulua ''le all over Europe, and
W Strength and Glory ofmr Nation depend upon them^ furely
\^uld take care to Jjicure what we have in America, and
( ki at the Pleajure of th Rufs and Swede, from whom wc
have nothing but Hemp^ and Nau-England, New-Torky
: Jtrfeys and Penfihania might, in a very few Years, with
(tie Encouragement .md due Induftry and Care, produce
Bough for all our Ufes in Cordage, and have alfo enough to
irc 1 have diicourfcd with feveral Perfons concerned in
! hm Manufitd^ure, Ibme of whom have fent Perfons on
jfc to North America to put it forward, and they afllired
t there was Iron Ore in our Plantation enough to fupply
land all Europe with Bar, Pig and other Iron, and that only
ncouragcment was wanting to bring it to Perfedion. By-
ncouragement I underflood an Exemption from Duty, and
I Bounty on Importation, as on P;Vf/; and Tar^ &:c. which /'/«/> </«
sty, tho' confiderable, would foon be reimburfed a hun-.J"""?'^"
Iredfold, by ftving above looooo/. yearly fent to the BaU ^^^^^"
|fi for that Commodity. How often do we meet with
m Wwb and Iron Mills in the Hiftory of the Britifh Ante-
rpf But they sire mentioned as if Iron Ore was a Rarity »

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iii The Hi /lory of New-England.

irhercu there is ^moft erttf vrhcf e fiich Abondance^ and of I
Wood to manufkhire it, that it would be inport«d for
half the prime Coft of the Suu^Jb Iron^and be puichafed with
the Manufaftuiei of England. Whenever there is a Difpo.
fition to receive any rational Scheme for makinf good tbli
Propditioo, it will be forth-commg from Men of Knowledge
and Experience in Iron fForks^ boA in England and /fwmfa. 1
I. can fairdly be afraid, as they feem to be, that thelnfbience
of the Eaji Country Traders in Ltndin has and may prevent
the needful Encouragement to the Importation of Iron from
our Plantations, becaufe it a{^ean at iirfi Sight to be fet-
ting a particular Intereft in Oppofition to a general ooej
which tne Wifdom of the Nation can never give into. I
From the Iflands the Neva-England Merchants receivel
fbt their Lumbtr^ Boards, Mafts, Pipe-Staves, Hoops, ^(.1
Sugar, Molafles, Rum, Ginger, Indigo and Cotton, mucbj
more than they have Occaiion of iot a home CbnfutnpdonJ
The reft they Oiip off for England^ and would do fo for o-|
ther Places, was it not for the Right ofNawgotion. They
have alfo lately had a confiderable Trade with MartimcoiM
the Frtnch Sugar lilands for that Lumber; but the%/^|
Sugar Colonies complained of ir, as a great Encouragement tol
the French, who could not fupport their Sugar Plantations|
without Supplies from New-England and other Britijh Nor-
thern Colonies. How far the Mother Country Old E«gland\
ought eo oblige her Children in Trade, which (he can manag
herfelf more for her own Intcreft, tho' ihe fent thofe Cole
nies abroad to plant Countries to fubfiil by, and make the
moil; of, I will not here difpute; nor under what Obligatio
the Niw-England People ought to be put, to prevent their
fending their Goods to the beft Market, and to make
ul'e of that in England, good or bad. There's a greacl
deal to be faid on both Sides of the Queflion, and fmce itj
cannot be difcuHed without giving Ofivnce in Old-Engfand
or New-England, and perhaps in both, I Aiali leave it as ".
found it, un/efs I bad a better Call to expbin it, withou
OfHcioufnefs, Impertinence or Whimfy. For this Reafon 1
ehufc to make ufe of the Words of a Writer, who is or m
lately an Inhabitant of one of our American Colonies.
*' Since the French ilruggle fo hard to gather Strength ill
America, i'urely it is the Inrereil oi Great Britain to do fo|
too, and to encouri^e and nourifh the Northern as
Southem Cofonie;5. The Northern are a great Supplj

to the A^avtf/ Power of Great Britain, and a(^ largely i
our Trade and Navigation, the Nurlery of Seamen.

:.• ■ «Thc|

<fhe Hiftory of New-England.

u tl^ Indulgence given them by granting a Bounty upon

|«»tliel©portitionof Pitchy Tar znd Turpentine has anfwer'd

<itbe lotcDtion, as they have thereby brought the Price of

<< tbeTe Commodiries from 50 ;. to 10 j. a Barrel, and is at-

« tedded with this farther Convenience, that it aids them

K to make Returns for the immenfe Qitantity of Goods that

i( tferent diem from Great Britain^ and italfo prevents five

« times die Value thereof from going out of the Kingdom

U to Sweden and other foreign Countries, for Majis, Tards,

" Bnvfpriis, Sec. to fupply the Royal Navy, and, with pro-

U per Encouragement, might do the fame in regard to Hemp

I'and/rw. kmju^xi;'

I have, in this Chapter, hinted fomething of this kind, ca-
l^of much more Argument; but I forbear, for Reafons
looie dum oncetouched upon. I did, in my former Edition^
litnch on fbme things, which were little regarded in that
■Vork, but afterwards experienced and approved, and fliali
lliaitily rejoice, if any Hints I can light upon and commu-
lojcate may be of publick Ufe, either for Trade or Security,
lii»*it Aoold be my Fortune to be treated as impertinent
lolf officious. The above- cited Writer proceeds.

"Since therefore it is evident that our American Colonies,
hwith proper Encouragement, can be made (b very bene-
|<^ficiai« in r^rd to our Trade and Navigation, what Ad-
vantage may not alfo be drawn from them) in cafe of a
War with France or Spain ? A Squadron of Britijb Men
1^ tf War to touch at one or more of the moft popular of
llthofe Northern Plantations, and take under their Convoy
bmt thonfandsof brave Men, properly encourage with
I tertain Pay and Hopes of Plunder, would fhake the Do-
i fldnions of the Spaniards and Fnncb in America^ and turn
[|hc BakiDce of Power, in that Part of the World, in Fa-
i TOUT of the 5rrf/yj& Nation. : " ^ •

If, before Jamaica was ours, and the ^ar Colonies in
drlnfuicy, 3000 fuch brave Fellows could be fpared out
\diem for the Hifpamola Expedition in Cremxvelh time^
at may be expected from them in ours ? What from our
rtfaem Colonies, where, as is fiiid eliewhere, are computed
be 2^0900 Britijh Men in Arms, and Ships enough to
anijxirt a better Army than the Prince of Orange brought
yEngland with him, from the Britijh to the Spantftiox French
ftf -Indies? But fuch a Scheme will require other Concert,
more quick and vigorous Meafures than I have hitherto
ard ofj and an Expcnce, which thofe whofe Hearts are
Duch nearer home than New-Spain ur New-England^ would
le willing to disburfe on fuch an Adventure, with aU the fair
appearance i( may have of Succefs. As

23i

fri ''^

I I

^ * i)i

«. ■ k

Marl, ' ^l\ol. oo:
Calfskint^ ov^d
Tobaeco^r^^-i'pz>\
apples, 'i^^n*.

3134 ^e Hi/itry of New-England,

As for the Commodities fliip'd from NewBngkni
Barbadoi, having before me fcvcral Bills of Entry ttSri^I
Tw^, 1 ihallfpccifythecA* ^\

Fijhy JBoards, Cbeefty

Cattle, HoopSy Com,

_ ^hitpy ShingUy Oily

' Horfesy Pipe/iavesy Tallow, -^^,.,, .^- „..

Mackerel, Butter, Turpentine, Onions, 'i^i^i)?V)

Of thefe Commodities, 'tis lupp6^d that BarlaAs aloti
takes off 250000/. yearly; and as that Ifland has more
them from Nevj^E nglanj thm from any other Northern C.
lonies, according to the Entries I have feen, the Import then
from,this Province is near lodooo /. in Value yearly. Th
a^QOOp/. in Mr. Bennetts Calculation, who knows thu anj
that Trade perfedtly well, and the 1 00000/. in my own Ca
culation from the Bill of Entry, againft which can only \
£iid, thi^t the Trade between Barbados and New-Englanl
may not always be alike, let the Reader iudge ^r hioi^If
but Mr. Neal's 50000 It for the whole yearly Amount of th
New-England, with all the Sugtir Colonies, mi^ft be n
wrong.

."S to ihe Trade between Old and New- England, 'tis, asl
have obferved, much the f|tne as a London inland Tudel
confifting of If^eollcn and Linen Drapery^ Mercery in Sill
Velvets, fine Stuffs, alfo ordinary Sniffs, Hats, the beflroiJ
of Stockings and Shoes; all Sorts of Iron and £iVm%y
Ware, Tools for Mechanicks, Rules, Knives, Sizzars, M
tons, l^uckles, and all Sorts of Toys, the cheapeft Ware]
And tho' they have many Conveniences of ff.'.rni{hing tbenJ
felves at home with all forts of wearing Apparel vet they iml
port fuch Quantities of that and other M« ndifc froJ
England^ that the Trade hither has been very L ..•ricial i bu^
like moft other Trades, 'tis now overdone. The Impor
from England amount to above 1 000c /. yearly. The Ue:\
chants here drive a confiderable Tr^de with Madeira h
Wines, and with Fial for Wines and Brandy. There arj
feveral flourifhing Di(lilierie$ in Bojlon, and Breweries foi
Shipping *Tis fuppofed that chey (hip looooo Quintals i
dried Cod yearly, for Portugal^ Spain and Italy, the Retun
of which are made to England, not always, as Mr. Nta^
writes, in the Produd of thofe Countries, but very often ii
l^ills of Exchange ; but whether Money or Goods, thofe Re
turns pafs through the IJands of the Englijh Fadors, to whic
ipmcthing more may accrue than the 2 and half per Cent,

ne Hiftorf of New-Engknd.

f\^ ^in^Tn^ ftom B»/Im to London is Ma/ls, Plank^

Uffb foi ^ Navy, Pitch, Tar, Turpentine, Skins, Fur,

Ui Whale-Fins fometimes, and fmall (Quantities of Log-

^ and other Sugar Ifland Commodities, ihipping 3 or

Loo Tons generally.

I have fpoken of the Iron Mines, as to thofe of Copper, I

go fceptical, whether there is fuch Plenty of them as to deferve

Ljigiogupon; but if there is, I will venture to anfwer Mr.

y^/'sQueftion, that it is very well worth the while to ftni

(lie Metal over in Ore or Bars, if they would manufadhire it.

He fays very rightly that great Improvements are ilill to be

mde in Timber ^ Planksy Deals, Hempy Pitchy Tar, Tut'

uitiiu^ one wpuki think the Cbncern'd would have Leifure

0ougb and Interejd enough in it to let nothing remain ui}«

L»oved, when 'tis fo wdl known how to improve it.

As to Money, they have non^ Gold or Silver: About 50

hfeus ago they haci fome coined at Bo/itu j but there's not

Lough now for Retailers.' All Payments are in Province Bills,

Unfo bw as Hajf a Crewn'j thus every Man's Money h

lii \k PockeC-Book, This makes the Courfejof Exchange ibi

aorbitant, that 100/. in Z«»^ made out lately 425/. inivnv-

\l%knd\ apd if a Merchant fells his Goods from England

it MO A Advance upon 100/. in the Invoice, be woidd b«

iLcfer by the Bargain, confidering the incidental Charges on

hislnvoice. '""" .

[refer to Mr. Neal for the Cbureh Hi/lory i ^' I mul(

leoofefi tlie Mannen and Cufbms of the Fcopk are pret^

linch correded in their Religion,

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TORY

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^* E W - Y OR K.

. » . ■' * ' ;^f .. ^. 'I -*

,1 Containing" ^ .'"

An Account of its Difcovery, Settlement, Re.
volution, and all other remarkable Events,
to this Time; Of the Clrmite, Soil, Traded

( Inhabitants, Engli/hund Indians,

TH I S Country was at firft called Nova Belgla, and
the Dutchy who pretended to the Property ofit, I
included Martha's Vineyard and Elizabeth Ifland, |
which are part of New-England^ and there treat-
ed of accordingly. The Dutch bought the Country on Hud-
fon*s River of that Voyager who difcovered it, and fold it to'
them about the Year 1608. Exception was made againft this
Sale, as being without King James's Licence ; I fee no great
Matter in that, K.m% James was nor at a Penny Charge in fit-
ling out Hudfon^ nor had he ever heard of this Country,
which being difcovered by Hudjon^ he had the beft Title
to ic of any European-^ but the felling fo great and fo fines
Trad: of Land to Foreigners, was very exceptionable. Whe-
ther the Dutch made any Purchafe of the Natives, we know
not J but they made Settlements there, and no body pretend-
ed to difturb them, till the firft War with them in the Reign
of King Charles IL

I'he EngUfb Puritans in Holland who firft removed to
America^ intended to fettle here, having doubtlefs had an in-
viting Defcription of the River, Climate, and Soil, from the
Hollanders^ who however did not care that the Englijh fliould

^ Hiftory df New-York. ' 237

iwi To near tbcir Pliintitiom sis to be tempted to encroach w*^'*'
S them, conCdcring^ the Flaw that was in their Title-X^CT
fbfi BwJb that went from HoUand intended to fettle on the
^X0X Fairfield CQuntyy in Ntw-England, lying between
r^ntifld'iznd Hudfm*s River; but theD^f^ apprehended
4^y would there be too near Neighbours. Thefe Engl^
IS has beeo related^ &liing ia with Cape-Cody after having re-
^Ihed a little, tacked about to the Southward^ for Hudfan*%
^(Ti but Jma^ the Maftcr of the Ship they came in, hav~
jQg been bribed by the Hollanders to carry them and land
^tber to the Northward^ inftead of putting to Sea, entang-
le tbetn among dangerous Shoals, which made them willing
(Qget a/hore where they were, and give over the Defign up-
go//a^B'8 River.
VcA Dutch had two or three Years before been infulted
Mh'f^vc Samuel drgniy in bis way Uoca Virginia to Neui'-
piknd. He deftroyed their Plantations, and, to prevent the
lielnfult for the fut;ure, they applied to King James for his
1/icence to ftay there, to build Cottages, and to plant for
raii^as.well as Sub^(ience, pretending only that it was
r the Convenience of their Ships touching there for frefh
atcr, and frefli Provifions in their Voyage to Brazil j but
(y by little and little extended their Limits every way,
t Towns, fortiAed them, and became a flouriihing Co*

In an Ifland called Maaahattan, at the Mouth of Hud/on*%
lii(f« they built aCity> which they named Netv-yfmfierdam^
ni m River w^ called by them the Great River, The
bjtQthe Etf/i of it had the Name of Najfau given it. A-
wt 1,50 Miles up the great PJver, they built a Fort, which
«y called Orange Forty and from thence drove a proBtable
frade with the Indians^ who came over land as far as from
^ihic to deal with them. Henry Chrijliany, a Mafter of a
pip» the fame who gave the Name to Martha^ s Vineyard^

bflldWcoveredvas the Dutch fay, was the firft Governor ^'^'^J'^J^'*
lej acuJ bisSucceflbr was "Jac^l^ Elkin, put in by the
ftjl Iridin Coaxpmyia Holland, to whom theScate^-Gene-
il^^ted thi^ Country.

The lirfl; Bounds of New-Tark were Maryland, on the 3»«m</;.
yty the main Land as far as could be difcovered IV^ward^
ph would ftpetch to the Nations bordering on the Miffif'
»', the great Rjivier of Canada Nart^wardy xANew^Eng-

l^Jward. U w>w is reduced into a much narrower
onp9&} fof 'King CbarletlL \mhg s^veiL this Trad of

.«) the Duke QfJ^rk^ the XM» made a Graiit of part of
to under Pr^ieiQVS) wh<» c^lkdic Maji and ff^^ Jtr^

!■ •■

V *■'

I' 1> ■. i\

2iS ^e Hiftory of Nc^V-Vo^t

fey^ probably in Compliment to Sir Gt$rgt Cartint
was one of them, and a Jer/ey Man. Thtjtr/eyi sff f^
the Limits oiNew-rork to the ^^ and Soutb, On the MrS
it is bounded by Long-I/land, and on the Eaji by Nun.
England. HudJon*t River divides it from the Jirfeys^ and %
Line drawn between i2y* and Greinwich feparatei it from
New-England. Thus the whok Provinteon thfe Continent
is not alx)ve twenty Miles over, but it is 1 20 in iMgdi, and
what was properly called Nova Belgid, which K6s betweeo
40 and a half and 42 Degrees 50 Mihutes North Latitudi
^^^ttand confcquently the Climate is more temperate than that of!
NiW'Englandy and the Soil fo fruitful, that one Buihel of
Englijh Wheat has produced a hundred, which was a ^
Temptation for the Englijh to defire it. And the' Ky
Charles the Second's was not a very enterprifing Reign, yn
the Duke of Tork, his Brother's Concern in this Property
and both their inveterate Hatred to the Dutch^ made the
Redudtion of this Country, the firft military Stroke in thofei
tranquil Times ; for before there was any formal Deciatttioai
of War with Hollandy it was refolved by our Court to fend'
Sir Robert Carre to t/ot^iV^j with fevcral Land Forces, topuJ
the Duke in Poffellion of the Country his Brotfad: had given'
him. This appears by the Date of the Letter Sir hhni
tarried with him from the King, to the Governor and Cm\
cil of New-Plimouth^ bearing date the 23d of Aprtl^ St.
George's Day, for the Glory of the Matter, 1664, and thd
War with Holland was not declared till fome Month aftetj
Thus the Dutch here were unprovided for Defence again
a Royal Squadron and Land Forces, which rendered Sir h
iert*s military Expedition very fafe and eafy. He had witi
him Col. Richard Nicholls, George Carteret, Eftj; and Samu
Meverichy Efq; joined in CommifHon to vifit the Engli
Plantations, ati(l drive the Dutch out of theirs.
TTie Englifh Sir Robert Carre arrived at Hud/en's Rivet in the latter Ei
'^'Af'^^of the Year' 1 664, at which Time the Dutch could have 1
** * ' Advice of a Rupture between King Charles and the Suti
General. Sir Robert landed 3000 Men on Manahattan IIIe{
Such a Number of Englijhmen has not been fent to Atmk
at once on any good Expedition (ince the Reftotation ; bui
thibi was i^ainft the Dutch, and .fo not to be wondered t
Carre and Nicholls marched dire6):ly to New-Amjltrdm
The Governor wasaftoutold Soldier, who hadlof^aLq
in the Service of the States; but being furprized at theuo
expe&ed Attack of an Enemy, as yet not (b declared in
mericaot Europe '^ nor knowing their Numbers, and the!
habitants magnifying them, he was preyaiied upoabythi

7fc iiiftbry ^ New- York. 43^

lolitrrender. Sir Rabtrt Cam*s firft Inftrudlions weire to New Am-
^O Peace aod Protedkion to all that fubmittcd to the JfJJ^'IJ "J*
^own of England ; upon which the Townfmen fearing to i^Trib'i,
^plundered, and out^d of their Habitations, if they fbod
I Storm, gladly accepted of it, and were fo importunate with
ilie Governor to do the fame, that Carre and Nicbilh foon
^gjxat Matters of the Place. The Houfes were bandfomly
built of Brick and Stone, covered with red and black Tiles ;
pdthe Land being high, it made an agreeable Profpedt to
tbofe that viewed it from the Sea. Above half of the Dutch
Inhabitants remained, and took an Oath of Fidelity to the
l^oi England. The Names of fome of the mod confi*
derable Families in the Province denote them Dutch Origins,
M^uyltr^ Beckman, IfieeU Banker^ DtLancey^ Renfalatr^ ^

\la^n^ Van Dam, &c. Th'ofe that removed, had Liberf
In to carry ofF their EfFedts, and their Places were foon fup"
led by EngiiA who gave the Name of New-Tork to the
ty and Province.

Thirteen Days after the furrender of New-4m/lerdam^
iCol. l^icholU march'd up the Country to Orange Forty on
'0[on's River, five Miles below where the Eajiern Branch
ipans from the Southern, and runs up almoft to the Lake of
piIropteis\ 200 Miles within land. This Fort made little
eliftance, and Nicholis gave it the Name of Albany^ the
ike of Tork*s Scotch Title. I meet with the Name o^
'cholh in honourable Stations in Neiv-York, but I know no*
igof his Family. The Dutch Plantations were more fcatter-
here and there, and not fo contiguous as the Englijh are*
ey had none on the JVeJiern Shore of Hudfires River, ^^^f*
ley had a confiderable Settlement call'd //(fi'^tf/^. South-
ird QiRye is New- England^ to which the famous AntinO'
;fl«,Mrs. Hutchinfon, retired, after her BaniHiment from the
hjfachuftts^ and was there mafTacred by the Indians^ with
ler whole Family, (ixteen Perfons iri all.
The Agreement in Religion between the Dutch in New*
•Igia and the Puritans in New-England, had contributed
iuch to a friendly Correfpondence on both Sides. The
ktch began it by writing Letters to the young Colony of
Himouth, inviting them to a Trade. Some Time after they
It their Secretary Mr. Ifaac de Rojier, with Goods as wdi
Letters, and both Englijh and Dutch were pleafed with the
change of their Merchandife. The Secretary having
)ught with him Beaver and other Iroquois Commodities,
ly exchanged their Corn and Fidi for them, which the
Ulanders were in more immediate want of than of Furrf.
! mutual FriendAiip between the two Nations encourag-
ed

! ;.*■*

I.. ■ •''

'i'-

240

^e Hiflon of Ncw-York.

H: if

HI V

€,ift. Ni-

cholls

Gitvtrnor,

ed Mrf. Huttbinfan to take Refuge at Htbgau-^ but the Dut.!
could neither fave her nor thexnfdvet from the Savages.

Six Robtrt CarnH Conqueft here would have made a ridiJ
culousFjEure in that Reign, if'therchad been any other t^
diftinguim ic. However the Hiftorians of tholie Days tellusj
Hi reduced all the Eajl-fidt (f Hudibn'i Rivtr, took tbi
Town and fort of Arafapha, and et Cajile on the ff'tJ-fidA
without lofmg a Man^ and I fuppofe without firing a GuiJ
Statcn-Ifland, at the Mouth of Rentem Rivtr^ and Lono
Ifland, ftdlowtd the Fate of the other Towns^ the Cottages bi
fbrementioned ^ and the Dutch, who had no Soldiers, haviii
3000 Englijh, fome of them perhaps part of Cromwelh vie
tovious Army to deal with, fubmicced every where to then
Sir Robert Carre having performed this great Work, rctur
ed to England^ leaving Col. Richard Nichells Gowimot
New-York. In this Government Mcifr^/Ziooncinuedneari^
Years. He concluded a League between the Inhabitants an
the Indians of the Five Nations, which has fubfifted eve
fmce. Indeed the Maqua\y the moft powerful of the
were very well difoofed towards the Englijh ?ia Nnu-Eng
land, and i)erhaps their Jealoufy of the French^ who beg»
to fpread themfelvesin the Terra Canadenjis, might bee
Inducement to them to enter into an Alliance wichi
^,v Edmund £„giifi,^ Hc was fuccccded by Sir Edmund Androt in th
c'liilrL. .Year 1683. I confefs it gives mc a great deal of Pain J
writing this Hiftory to fee what Sort of Governors I mc
with in the Plantations. This Man had no other Merit tl:
having abandoned himfelf to the Will and Fleafure of tii
two Royal Brothers; and what that Merit amounts to,
' the Reader judge. However notwitbftanding the poor R^
putation of the Governor, that of the Province encreafin
with its Trade, of which be liad not entirely the Cover
menr, it became populous and thriving.
Col. Diingan The next Governor of New-York wa& Col. Dungan, vi'li
tho* a Papiil^, was much more deferving of that Honour
Truft than his PredecefTor Andros. One fees by his Behaviou
that a Man of Honour, let his Religion be what it will,
never betray the Intereft he has undertaken to proted.
Diengan was an old Soldier, and had been long in the
cf Ji^tfiVs Service, which had given him fuch an Aversion I
the Frenchy that he would (hew them no Favour which
imagined would be hurtful to the Englifi). Before!'
James the Second abdicated this Kingdom, he received
dns to admit French Priefts to come firom Quebec, toi
Converts to Popery at New-Tori. They came accordii
but Col. Dttagati bad bis Eye upon them, and rnillng 1

Cuvtrnor,

Tie Htflory o/'Ncw-York. 241

lne£fli was to ^n the Trade of the Indians of the Five

ij^QStfor the Fnnch, ht immediately fent them packing,

LiflSi ^Cf^^^* not fo much to ftrvt tbt French Relhion

rJJJ French Commtrct. The Fttnch King c( .iplained of

LgKingJ^tfin^'y who was highly difpleafed, having the Re-

lyoa oi rranct fnuch more at Heart than the Trade of

^Ai%i\ and it is thought Col. Dungan would have loft his

IGovernment if his Mafter King Jamts- had not loft his. The

Lionel was afterwards Em of Limerick by Defcent ; and

er King WiUian: had declared War with Francty it was

he was oHered a coniiderable Employment in the Spanijh

ly, by bis Majefty*s Recommendation ; but he did not

icceptof ir, thinkins it was not confiftent with his Obliga-

ioQS to the abdicated King. After the Revolution the En*

ttat Ntw-Tork^ made very uneafy by the Neighbour-

d of the HuronSy or French Indians^ rcfolved to attack

Enemy at Canada, who were perpetually doing them ill

es with thofe Savages. The Baron La Ronton mentions,

) Memoirs, ah Expedition of the Englijh again ft the

\th\ but that Author ooakes the worft of it on the part of

Englijhy who, he fays, came within a Day or two's March

^tbtc^ and then returned without cloing any Thing j ^^^

chis not true. In the Year idpo Co\. Peter Schuyler,\lt',E^,l

Mb 300 Englijh and )oo confederate Indians^ or Iroquois, duhn agmnfl

fchcd from Fort Albany to ^ebec, 400 Miles from Neuh-^^"^^^'

i, ind the French Governor of Canada bppofed him with

kfs than thirteen Companies of regular Troops, near

10 Men, and as many Hnrons. It is worth notice that the

\ch^ let their Settlement be richer or poorer, have,

ever it is, a fufficient military Strength to defend them,

Militia, but the King's Troops and Officers, which is

exemplary. Thefe Troops are not temporary, drop'd

Squadrons now and then and moveable, but ftated and

»rporated with the Colony, which both increafes as well

llrengtbens it. Notwithftanding the Inequality of their

nber, Col. Schuyler charged the French with equal Bra-

andSuccefs, routed them, killed 300 Soldiers and 30

icers, with little Lofs of the Engli/h, but being not ftrong

igh to attempt their Forts, and befides having no Artille-

k contented himfelf with his Vidory, and the Damage

bad done the Enemy, and returned to New^Tork.

"v Edmund Andros, being fcnt from New-Tor k to the Go-

iment of New- England, played fuch Pranks there, that he

feized by the People, and with him the Government.

hid done a great deal of Mifchief in this Province, lead-

ibuKof the chief Inhabitants into Court MeaAures, which

R led

■ i

•

:: m

' ■• ■.■■1

242

^if French
lirrn Sche-
ie Aad a.

r! i' ■'■■': 1,5

^ i ' -1

■Is ■ !

7l&^ Hiftory of New- York.

led CO trbiorary Government and Popery, or, which ii qu^
the fame, Perrecutioo. I caoaot better explain the Cornu
tion here in his Time, than by the Wordi of the ArJ
En/land Declaration, afcer he wai turned OMt of bit Qf^,
by the principal Inhabitants. But of all our Offrt/ftont u,
tvtrt ch'ufy fquttxii by a Crew of abjtff P«rfm from New]
York, tabi tht Tocis oftht Adverfary\ by theft wtrt txtratr
dinary and intoUrabU Ftes txtorudfrom every cne upon all 0^
cpfions, witUut any Reafon but tbofe of their unfatiabli Ave
riciy &c. AndroCi Government is there fet forth as an exe
crable Tyranny, and thcfc New-York Men as the Tools (
it. I am afraid fome of them returning hither, were fcK
adive in the Troubles of Col. Slaughter and the LordCV.
burfsT\t(\t\ but as I am not fully informed oftheieP}
ticulars, I forbear entering into them.

Before the Arrival of G)l. Fletcher^ whom King IVHnA
had made Governor of Ntuh-Yori, on the Removal of i
Dungan^ x\it French xtt\ixnt^Co\.Schuyler*i Vifir, and b
ing an Incurfion into this Province, furprized SchmaaA
burnt the Town, and murdered the Inhabitants. Wheth]
it was this Depredation of the French^ or the ^e£b ofl]
dro$*s corrupting the Magiftrates, or whatever elfe was til
Occafion, upon Col. Dungan*s bein^ recalled. Col. Ld
g'- '^"^y took upon him the Government, without ftayine for i
vjh!l^tim! Commiflion from England. The chief Men at Bofon I
done the fame j and thus far Lelky feems to be no morej
fault than they. It is allowed that he and bis Party wq
very zealous for the Good of the Public ; and it was a Titi
of Peril when Zeal in fuch Cafes was very laudable. The
were as many of the Magiftrates for Lefey as agaipft hii{
and could he have maintained the Authority be had aiTume
till he had procured Remonftrances and Addrefles
doubted not but he fhould have it confirmed, which ii
was very likely. Mr. Jacob Milboum was bis great Frii
. and Confident, and very inftrumental in his Attempt,
when Cbl. Fletcher ztrived with the King's Commidion,!
Lejleyind Milboum took the wrongeft Step that Men of i
lerable Heads could be capable of ^ for finding theinielves|
Pofleffion of the Government, they vainly imagined
could keep it by the Help of their Party, and inaicei
Cafe fogood in England^ that they might at leafl bei
doned, if not approved ; but Fletcher got into the Fort \\
Wile, and having feized Lefey and milboum, he tiio^
die fiireft way to fecure his Authority, and pirevent Cooti
was to rid himfelf as foon as he cotud of a ComBedtor;]
he cauied ttoa to be tried for ^£gh Trcs^oox tor T

Titf Hiftory rf New- York; 243

Ufort out igiinft him, and kUlioe one of his Men. He
' HtbeKin^sLicutcmnc, the Judgei and Jury doubtlefs
Jiiered that principally, and ^inade no great Difficulty oUondimiti
ling Ltfiiy 9xA milhourriy who were accordingly ex- <"i'''X'<«''^«
1;^ <?oJ- '^i^*(t^r if thought to have proceeded a little g.':,^';;;""
Difiily ii* ^^^ Execution, in which his own Intereftwas
Jy concerned. In my fim Edition this' Mutiny is placed
^iSlaughtir'iTimt^ but from fubfequent Informations I
it If it now (lands. Whether FUtchtr or Slaughter was the
traor, it is thought he would have been Tent for to
wWi and icrved as LiJJty was, had he not died at New'

XJiere was a Garrifon of regular Troops ordered for the
roftat NtW'Terky to prevent any Surprixe from the Frtncb^
iheir Confederates the Hurom,

It Flttchif^s Time the Count ^/ Front enac. Governor oi Count ie
^da, fbrm'd a Defign againft ^/Afl»y,the Barrier of Ntw- ^"J;^,*^
^,igitnil both Fnncb ana Hurons^ and to draw off the Five ^uitt tht
lioont in confederacy with the Englijhy to the French Inte- '"*jW#.
He begnn his March with 3000 French and Canada
in;, b^ing furnidied with Canoes, Stores of all Sorts^
otlMr NecelTaries for this Expedition. He advanced bv
ijtift River, called alio the River of the Iroquois^ tov/ardf
\m-Tork. After a long March of above 300 Miles, he
to the Country of the Orandaguefe^ one of the Five
OS, and furprizing them with a great Power, deftroy'd
of tbeir Caftles, and burnt their Corn and Provifions.
I, fUtcher having notice of this Invafion marched with
Girrifon of New-ir«rky and a Body of Militia and /«-
Allies, to put a Stop to the Progrefs of the French. The
It Je FrontenaCi hearing of this Approach, made a hafty
t: Upon which a Party of the Five Nations, Friends
kEtigi{/hy who were coming to pin Fietchery attacked
I, and did pretty good Execution upon his Rear. The
It was not only difappointed in his Project but fuflered
Uif. The Ir9fuoi$ were exafperated by it againft the
h snd Hurnnst and defired Col. Fletcher to meet their
res at Alhany^ to concert Meafures with them for
on the War againft the common Enemy, and re-
themfelves on Cou^t Frontenacy for invading their
_jy^ but 1 do not find there was any fuch Conference
Fktcher't Time, or his SucccObr Col. Slaughter^ Indeed j^;'^;!^;^;.
It I Lofs to account fof the Management in the Englijh
ican Governments almoft every where. If our Accounts
thence are true, they have more than once had it in their
to baY« driven (h« freutk qmc oiCwod^i^ as well a?
R a .out

II:

•f ::

■ji

:i.'H'

\^''K\

244

7be Wpry e/'Ncw-York.

1': #'

veruor.

li'mon: Ca-
xcrmf.

'Wk

out of Acadia. They reprefent the f«^/j^ and their Alii
the Iroquois as muc^ fuperior to the French in Numb*. 1
other Advantages, ? id yet are always exprefling very o J
Apprehenfions of their encroaching upon them. They hal
made fevcral Expeditions againft them with powerful Armii
compared to thofe of the IndianSy and hardly ever fuccecd
in one. Surely the Englijh wanted not Courage j it muft I
then want of Condud:, or both. After Col. ^lauvhtk
j<,rep^Dud. Death, Jofeph Dudley, Efq; of New- England, heldthisG
Defuty-Go- vernment. His temporising fo much as he did in Kil
y^OT^x's Reign rtiould not, methinks, have recommem
him to fo gi eat a Truft in King lf^tlliam*s j but I know i
how it happened, fo it was, that in King J^/Z/'a^/s Kgj,
• Queen Anne's, bfc. there were Periods when the Friends j
Tools of the abdicated King were more hearkened to th
the Friends and Inttriiments of the Revolution.

In the Year 1697 the Earl of Bellamont was made GovJ
nor of this Province and New-England. He prefencd tl
Refidence at Ntw-York to that at Boflon, and intended
govern New- Englandhy a Depury: But iC/^'s and the
rian Bufinefs made his Prefence more neceflary at Btji
than at New-Tcrk, where Mr. Dudley, and afterwa
Mr. Nanfan his Kinfman, adl«ed as Deputy.

In the Year 1700 there were no lefs than 1000 5«/ J

board feveral Ships from Darien, that put into iVrtc-wJ

Mr, Nanfan, according to Inftrudions from Home^ refill

to give them any Afliftance. A very unaccountable way]

•Proceeding, which the Englijb have now much Occafion]

repent of, as might eafily have been forefeen, ftnd waysl

nough found out to fupply the ^cots Settletfient at X)ar\

without coming to a Rupture about it between England',

Spain. But others, as well as the Engli/h, concerned thej

felves in the Ruin of that hopeful Defign. Mr. Natl

excufed his inhofpitable dealing with the Scott, un|

Pretence of the Earl of Bellamont*s Abfence at

While in Mr. Nan fan's, or Lord Cornhury's Time, zFn

Man of War was fufFered to enter the Harbour, which 1

Captain ordered to be founded, and fent an Account of. ij

the Court of France. The Stores here were then in fol

a Condition, a Deficiency fo common in Engli/b CoIg

that the Inhabitants were very glad 'they were in no wand

any ; for had they been put to it, they had fmall Hopes]

being able to defend themfelves againft a better provided j

nemy.

The fame Year a Public Library was creded in the
of Nm-Tork^ and the Dutch Inhabitaots built Saw-Mills I

3 Ttab

Mr. Marian
D-pUty-
C over nor.

fbe Hiftory ^ New- York.

245

Iripbef) 0"^ o^ which would do more in an Hour, than fifty

luen in a Day. The Earl of Bellamont fent over a very loyal

lildrtfs froni this Province, which was prefented by Col.

\yit ^ Ntvi-Tork Agent, to his Majefty King IViUianiy

IX jIJO"* '^® '*™® """^ appointed Pf^illiam Alwoody Efq;

•tie Attorney-General of this Province. This Gentleman

(jdiftioguilhed himfelf in the former Reigns, by his Zeal

;theConftitution and Proteftant Religion, in C)pporition

jpopery and Slavery. He had written feveral Treatifes in

ijence of the Caufe he efpoufed ; but being frowned upon

the Courts of Juftice in thofe Reigns, and not much

lupon in King ff^liiam\ he thought it his Intereft to

e the Scene ot his Pradice, and remove hither with an

(efar fi:om being equal to his Merits. However as in-

jentas it was, the Lord Cornhury, who was made Go- ^"''''^o"'-

oiNtW'Terk, upon the Death of the Earl of Belia^^^^ ^'"'"'

11''; '.' • 'ii f '■- it /'
-I- tt

1 •- V ..'l".»

Dor<

i thought fit to turn him out of that too. This Lord

gbt with him his Lady and i^amily, and arrived there in

ijoi. The Party that efpoufed Col. Lejle/s Caufe, is (they

nded to be the Country Party) continued ftill, and Mr.

' falling in with them, it is likely the Lord Combury^

J was not of the Country Party in the two former Reigns,

l^tchufe rather his Room than bis Company. One may

I a little at the Difpofuion of Col. Z//7i?>'s Side, they be-

uccufed of favouring the Dutch, and they as juftly charg-

I their Opponents with favouring the French. The Lord

lAury was one of the firft Officers in King James's

ny that deferted it, and joined the Prince of Orange with

eCavairy he commanded i yet there he flopped, and feldom

[never aded a Whig Part afterwards, but the quite con-

and his Father, the Earl of Clarendon, refufed the

£, not only to King TVilliam, but to Queen Anne^ as

jas he lived. The Lord CornburyXxt%lt^ Col. Lejley's

jicodsvery roughly, and carried it with a high Hand in his

vernment. He had not been long at New-York before

[received Advice of King IVilliam^s Death, and orders from

jiGovcrnment in England zo proclaim Queen Anne, which

(done with great Solemnity June la, 1702. After which

Affairs of the Province being entirely commercial, we

linfert here the Names of the principal Officers and Ma-

ates, as they flood in the Year 1708.

The Right Honourable Edward Lord Vifcount Ccrnbury
Governor. "■'•'

Piter

1701.

'■<■ \

' '\

l7oS«

f ;

!■)■•; +

>f ^'\.d

n^.

246 ^ Hipry of New-York.

Ptttr Scbuyitr^ Efi);

JViHiam Lawrence^ E(q;

Girardus Beckman^ E(q;

Rip Van Dam^ Efq;

Caltb Heathcot^ Efq; \ Counfdlors.

Thomas Winham^ £(q;

miLVan Rtnfala4r^'e.(():y

R^er Mompipn^ Efq;

John Barbarte^ Efq;

Adolphui PhilipSy Efq;

Chief Tuftice and Judge-Advocate Roger MotnpeJ/hn^ EfqJ
Second ]\idgeRabertMihvard^E^i J

Attorney-General Samp/on Shetun Droughton, Efqj
Secretaiy G«r^^ Ciirciy Efq-

ASSEMBLY.
miliam Nicboils, Efq; Speaker.

KM'^

HP ii

'^WH

Stiphen diLanceyy Efqi
//wry Beckman, Efq;
Thomai Garton, Efo^
Myndirp SchuyUry £(q;
Thomas Codrington^ Efq;
Johnjackfony Efa;
Matthtw Havtly Eiq;
JohnAbeely Efi
£v#r/ Barker.

■>Efil5

KilianVan Renfalatr. Efa

Abraham Lukeman^ Efq-

7g^/>/& Ptfrd^y, Efq:
^/7//dOT //5^/7/if/, Efq;
i)fl«/W Whitehead, Efq;
JohnVan Corttandy, Efij;

Colonels of the Militia Regiments.

NiW'Tori County Col. JVilliam Pa. etree. Mayor of

City.
iSf/^0/i (Jounty Col. 5m/M.
A^»«^*8 County Cd. Beckman.
Albany County Col. Schuyler. t ^

^een's County Col. Wtllet, a Regiment of Horfe.

Regular Troops four Companies, 100 Men each.

1 . Commanded by the Lord Cornbury.

2. Company by the Lieutenant-Governor Richard

gold/by, Efq;

3. Company by Capt. Weams.

L Company Capt. Peter Matthewf.
Engineer Mr. Reldknap.

Frd

■k.

lenfalaer. Efqi
/, Efq;
keman^ Efq;
; Efqi

% %
Het, Efqi

ehtad, Efq;

ttandy, Elq;

ments.

<?, Mayor of

t of Horfe.
) Men each.

^t 'Biiftary g/* New-York. 247

tfotD ibis Time to the Year 17 10, nothing material hap*
I ^ coDcerding this Province, but then it occafioned
IEcbTtlk» *ipoo ***• Arrival df five of the Kings of the
^^y^an Natmsy in AlliAice with New-Tori^ and others
lilfiidin, Thefe were th% barbarous and hardly legible

3 Kings of the J^^Mx,
> Kings of the River,
King,

fityctneinhogaprdUf
^ajojianquoprabtm

j^lstjohkaem

Ointcycathtonnoprm

Qanajobaban,

Ujftmm Princes; their Dotfiinions lying between Mw-^'wi"*!'*"

m and the French Indians, Thefe, and particularly the Ma- ^^^'^

Lit the ftouteftand moft formidable Nation of them all, have

Ibcen faft Friends to the EngUJhy and efpedally to thofe 'in

X^w-England^ as we have feen there. On the Arrival of thefe

mm^ the Queen was advifed to make the moft of ihew-

Lrthetnj and the DreHfersat the Play-houfe were confiilc*

P about the clothing of thefe Monarchs, and it was deter-

Ipined that part of their Drefs (hould be a Royal Mantle.

iThe Court was then in Mourning, and they were.clothed

Ivith black Breeches, Waiftcoat, Stockii^s, and Shoes, after

tEngUJh Falhion, and a Scarlet in grain Cloth Mantle, edg'd

fiihGold, over all. They had Audience of the Qtieenwith

Dre than ordinary Solemnity. They were condudled to

% James's by Sir Charles Cottereiy in two of her Majefty*8

Roches, and introduced into the Royal Prefencel^ the Lord

Chamberlain. Major Pigeon^ one of the Omcers that

lane over with them, read their Speech in Engii/h^ to this

eft.

Great Q.UKEN,

r\ have undertaken a long Voyage^ which nwe of our Pre* '*«'' ^P"'^
'^eceffors could be prevailed with to under take^ to fit our '•***SJff«"«

real Queen, and relate to her thefe Things which we thought
.ifolutefy neceffary for the Good of Her and usher Allies y on
\ktthtrfede the Water.

Wt doubt not but ourGxtax Qiieen has been acmiaintedwhb
^mg and tedious IVar, in ConjunHion with her Children^
-nor Richard I^H'^ft ^^ Enemies the French ; and that wo have been eu a
mgWallfor their Security ^ even to theL^s of our beft Men,
If were mightily rejoiced when we heard our Great Q^een
\i rtfilved to fend an Arney to reduce Canada, and imnudi"
'f^i in Ttktn of Friend/hip^ wt bung up tbt Kettle, and

R 4 utk

. m

*'Vud

K,- .':.■'' '

fr*'

a-..

.1.

fr ;

Hje Hlftory ^New-York.

took up the Hatchet, and^ with ont Confent, affi/ltd C
Nicholfon in making Preparations m this Side the Lake • h
at length we were told, 9ur Great Queen, hy fime imurt "
Jffairs^ was prevented in her Defign at pre/ent^ which »J!
usforrowfuly leji the French, who had hitherto dreadtd
Jheuld now think us unable to make War agalnji them, ri
Reduillon of Canada is of great Weight to our Free Hmtin
fo that if our Great Qaeen/hould not be mindful of us^ we muk
with our Families^ for/ake our Country, and feek other fjM
tationsy orfiand Neuter, either of which will be much agai4
our Inclinations. ^

In Token of the Sincerity of thefe Nations, we do. In \U
Names, prefent our Great Queen with the Belts ^ Wampan
and in Hopes of our Great Queen'i Favour, leave it to hi
mofl gracious Conjideration,

Purfuant to this Addrefs the Expedition to Canada^^^^
dertaken the next Year, '* which, fays the New-Emkn,
Hiftorian, mifcarried through the Treachery of them thl
were at the Head of it ; for the Force that was in l.
Fleet, in the Opinion of the beft Judges, was fuflScien
not only to drive the French out of J^ebec, but out of s
their Settlements in the Country." All their other SettW
men IS would have iallen of Courfe. I know not any conli
derable one they have but Montreal on this Continent, an.
two or three meaner Fortifications for their Security againi
the Indians towards the Lakes, within the 7erra Canadmfi
The Five Nations were very forward in their Preparations, anl
fumifli'd looo Indians, Well arm'd. The Forces of Cw«j
ilcut, in New-England, joined thofe of New-York and An
Jerfy at Many in this Province. General Nicholfon^ wh
was to command them, was at BoJIon, to confer with Genj
ral Hill from England, and when the latter (ailed from thencj
hehaften'd to Albany, where were rendez-vous'd, befidcsth
Indians, three Regiments, commanded by Col. Ingoldsby, Col
Schuyler, Col. Whiting. With all thefe Nicholfon niarch'f
to\v2>xds ^ebec ; but hearing the ill News of the EngllJh^M
return'd to New-York. This wretched Expedition to CamA
if Mr. Harley fays true, in his Letter to Queen y/«»f, wJ
managed by the Earl oiRocheJitr, the Lord Cornbury^s Uncld
the Lord Harcowt, Lord Chancellor, Mr, St. John, Sccra
tary of State, and, according to him, it was carried on paq
Jy to put Money in the Manager's Pocket, 7i this ?r«ij
clple, fays he, was owing thefettlng on foot the unhap^Vvj
age to Canada. Since the Return the Secret is difcov^d, an\
my Sufpiclon juftlffd-^ for the Publick was cheated ef ak

twtnA

The Hiftory of New- York.

^ thufand Pounds. That, doubtlefi, was a fmall Part
J5ic Cheat, befides which the Nation was cheated of its
Glory ifs Trade, and even its Security in this Part of the

Soon after thisE vent ibeProvince received a great Addition of

jiliabitants, by thcArrival of fomeThourands,of PaiatinesyZnd

jdier German Proteftants, which has very much increafed the

jjiQjgth and Trade of the Colony. There was not a fenfibk?

jlan in Great Britain^ who underftood the true Intereft of

liij Country, which conftfts in nothing more than a Number

of people, Increafe of Manufactures and Extent of Commerce,

irhoclid not approve and rejoice in this Acquifition of People

ptbis and other Colonies. This has been the Senfe of all

(fadons ever fince Trade has had a Name in them ; and how

gecelTary hands are for Agriculture, and all ufeful Labour,

ilie very Term explains, without expatiating upon itj but

tbePerfons who took upon themfelves the Canada Expedition,

tlie breaking of the Confederacy and ruinous Peace widli

ftmct^ treated that wife Meafure of tranfplanting German

i^teftants to our Plantations, or employing them at home

ii Tillage, as Folly, Madnefs, and a Defign againil the

\j0ch. Thefe reviled, wrote and preach'd againft it, info-

iiBich that the late learned Dr. Hare^ BIHiop of Chlchefter^

Itbought it neccflary to remove thefe Prejudices by fctting

It Matter in a true Light. The Bifhop was put upon this

^ork by a Vote of the fame Houfe of Commons that fup-

itted the then Miniftry in their Negotiations of Peace with

"nuh by abandoning Spain and the Indies to the Houfe of

iffhn. The Vote was, the inviting over the Palatines was

txtravagant and unreafonable Charge to the Kingdom^ tend-

to /fl the Increafe and OppreJJion of our Poor^ and of danger-

sConfequence to the Churchy &c. All which Bp. Hare con-

lercd and fully anfwer*d ; I fliall only copy what relates to

h Palatines fent to New-Tor k^ as follows :

" Thofe Palatines that were fent to New-York are well

planted, and like to thrive there ; and if the fame Care

had been taken of the reft, inftead of being a Burthen,

they would, in a Hiort time, have proved beneficial to this

Nation, nothing being more certain than that our Amt-

rican Plantations, the largeft Fountain of our acquired

Riches, yield in Proportion to the Number of People.**

'o t\i\i is added an Account of the Charge for the fettling of

it Palatines,

249

LiM'i

I If ja sr

.' ' ' t

" 'iSj»

»ii'

•■ ' I- 1 ;

^cr

'< d

250 *The HiJIcfry of New- York.

For tht Tranfportation of %oooSmlsy zt 7 .

^l. 10s. each, J"Mo/.

!r,tf/20i. Mch.
6s,ptrHead. 1125

For the Ciothing of 1000 SoulsyOtlo $, each. 3000
For Tools to the fame i afj s^

The Charge of their Subftftence for 3 Tears. 56258

78533
The Labour of 2000 ofthefe only to be ^

employed in Naval Stores, for which /

they were fent thither^ was computed aty,

* III. each yearly y more than their Sub- ( ^ ®®° '•

fifience would come to, and that in our \

lears^ would amount to > J

Thefe Palatines were difpofedon both Sides of Hudfon'i
ftiver, 80 or 1 00 Miles above the City of New-York^ inthrw
Tovmfliips on the Eaji Side of that "River, and three 01
the Pf^e/fi the latter about four Miles below the former. MrJ
yohn Frederick Hagar was appointed Minifter of the Ej
Side, and Mr. John Cocker dale for the Weft Side. Thefi]
TownQiips are about a Mile diftant from each other in th
County of Uljier^ or Hulfter j tor it is no Wonder td
meet with Dutch Names in this Province, fince the fin
European Inhabitants were Dutch, and many of them ftaij
here and incorporated with the Englijhy after Sir Robt^
Carre reduced it.

, After the Acceflion of King George I. to the Throne
Great Britain^ the Lord Cornbury was recalled, and Brigadi)
//i<«/^r made Governor of this Province and New-Jtrfey, HJ
met the Kings of the Five Nations zi Albany^ and renewed thq
Treaty with them, which the Indians call the Covenant Chain c
which we fliall hear more in the Sequel. The Particulars ol
this Gentleman's Adminiftration having not been communi]
cated to us, we can only fay of it, from the bell Authority!
that it was good, which will belf appear by the Speech i
Col. Levingjlmy Speaker of the Aflembly in the Year 171c
to him on his intended Removal to England.

Sir,

1X7 H EN we refled upon your part Condudb, your jdJ
^^ mild and tender Adminiftration, it heightens tb^
** Concern we have for your Departure, and makes ourGri
*' fuch as Words cannot truly express. You have govcm'(j
'* well and wifely, like a prudent Magiftrate, like an ;

Vhe Hifiory ^Ncw-YA^s.

((ontte Parent, ind wherever you go, tnd whatever Sta^
j « doD the Divine Providence ihall pleafe to affign you, our
( (incere Defires and Pravers for the Happineis of you and
It yours ihall always attend you.

I a We have feen many Governors, and may fee more ; and,
•> IS none oi tbofe, who had the Honour to ferve hi your Sta-
I tioi)^ were erer fo juftly fix*d in the A^fedHon of the Go-
K veroed, fo thofe to come will acquire no mean Reputa-
<< don) when it can be faid of them, their Condud^ has been
« like yours.

>< we thankfully accept the Honour you do us, in calling
« yourfelf our Cnmtryman ; give us Leave then to defire that

you will not forget this is your Country, and, if you can,
" make Hafte to return to it.

But if the Service of our Sovereign will not admit of
I*' what we fo eanieftly defire, and his Commands Seoy us

II that Happinefs, permit -us to addrefs you as our FHenc^
" and give us your A^ftance when we are opprefled with an
l« Adminiftfation the Reverie of yours. i^y.

Whether the Gendemen of Ntw-Tork had received Infor-
Imation who was to be Brigadier Hunter*s SuccefTor in that
Government, or whether it was the Efiedt of their Jealoufy
of all Governors (ent them from E^Iand to mend their For-
tune, as was the Lord Comburfs Cafe, and not leis Mr.
iBurnet'Sy the next Governor, they feemed to have con-
(idered what they had (aid. Mr. Jurnet vfts Comptroller-
General of theCuftoms at London, and had by no means bet-
ter'd his Circumftances by his Concern in the South-Sea Stock ^
Brigadier Hunter fucceeded him as Comptroller-General at
kniMand ff^HJiamBumet^EUiiSon to the late BiOxo}^ of Salif-
Uuryy was hisSucceflbr in this Government, and that ofNew-
iJtrfeyi where he purchafed a Settlement, which is or was
lately in his Family, but under fome Incumbrances, for the
Difcharge of which, the fecond Volume of the BiHiop's
\HiJiery of his nun Time^ was fold according to a publick Ad-
vertifement.
In the Year 1719, Pitir Schuykr^ Efq; as Prefident of the
! Council, was Commander in Chief of this Province, in the
I Abfenca of Governor HunUr, and appointed the following
Gentlemen to meet and confer with the Indian Segamores at
Mawfy John Riggs^ Efq; Hend. Haufon^ Efq; John Schuy-
ifr, Efq; Robert Levin^ion^ Junior, Efq; Peter fian Brugh^
Efq; The Matter they were to confer about was, fome
boitile Expedition intended by the Indians of the Five Na-
' timt which the Engiijb apprehended to be unfealonable, and

the

25»

•'"iJl'W'''' ilH

■^' • --mm

ffW

'i !

4^* : ' • ^f

>8>4

252 7ib^ Hijiory ^ New- York.

entertaining a fr/nf^man amongfttheiD; but it willbebetJ
cer explained by what the Niw-Tork Commiffioners fay.

Brtthnriy
**|We have received IntcUiglBnce not only from yourCoun
*' try, but from Canada^ that one J tan Cctur^ the ¥unt\
" Interpreter, is gone from Montr tal to go to your Coun
try, and by this time we may fuppofe he may be there-
Place we think noFrenchman ought to be fufFer'din j ncitL
can it be for the French Intereft fo fend him there, onl
to fet you againft the far Indians^ who are inclined 10 coml
here, which hinder*d, would tend to your Difadvantagc -j
bur, on the contrary, their coming here is an Advantagd
to you, as would be the not iuflfering him, or anyothed
Frtncbman from Canada^ to come and ftay among you.
The Indians having confultcd among themfclves, mad*
Anfwer, . ,

Brethren,
" We are come here according to your Delire ; you made
a Propofition to us, two Days ago, and renewed the
Covinant Chain, not only for this Government, but for
all the Governments on the Continent, and Indians ia
" Friendfliip with them ; you have promiled to keep the
** fame inviolable on your Side, which we believe will be fo
" for we never had any Mifunderftanding hitherto with you!
Bur, Brethren, you fay you renew the Covenant for thofe
Governments to the Southward, which makes us wonder-
for, two Years ago, a Meffenger came here from Virgim
who complained againft us to his Excellency that we had
done fome Mifchief in his Government on Indians living
there in Alliance and Friendfliip with him. The fame
time he defired,in theName of that Governor,to take fome
of our principal Sachems with him, which we refufed, tnd
defired the Governor might come here himfelf, or depute
a Perfon with fome of the Sachems of thofe Indiam in
Friendfliip with him, that then we might fpeak to one an-
** other Face to Face ; and therefore we think it does not liejat
our Door, that no Pcice is concluded between us and his
Indians. If they are inclined to meet us, we are ready
for them ; but will appoint no other Place than this.

Brethren^
•' You defired us not to fufFer Jean Cceur to ftay among
us; we cannot fend him away, if \Ve do, we fliall be takea
as Enemies; but do. you go there yourfelves, and fend
him froni thence, ahd you may write to the Governor of
Canada, that you will not fuffer any of bis People to %

** among

cc
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C(
C(

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cc
cc
cc
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cc

cc
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Ci
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Tie Hijlory of New-York.

253

„^00gU5; for, fome Ywrs ago, when the French were

i( bufy to build a Block-houfe on Onnondagt and fettle a

I „ (jarrifon there. Col. Schuyler vttax. up and deftroyed it, and

^t was not taken ill by them; you may do the like.
Brethren^

(( It is true what you have heard, relating to the Dcfign

I tf of our Men going a fighting; but we cannot give you a

« pofitivc Anfwer on that Subjcd, until we are got home,

« and have confulted with our young Men and Sachems

1 1< that defign to go out, and (hall then fend you a fpeedy

|''Anfw«r.
Brethren^

*' You fay that Jean Cceur is to (lay among us this Win-

|<> ter, and that he will make it his Interefl to hinder the far

jn yians from coming to trade here. You can better pre-

!■ vent bis hindering thofe Indians from coming here than

K wc for if we do not fupply the French with Goods from

I It j,epi;c, they cannot fumifli the far Indians with what they

« want } and hardly thofe that live n*ear them, for they get

I" but little Goods themfelves from France.

In the Year 1722 there was a Congrefs at Jilfany of the Congrff, of
I governors oi New-York, Fenfyhania and Virginia^ with tl^e ^'JK|j«h Gt-
Kings of the Five Nations, or River Indians, wherein all ind'an^ng,
hbrmer Treaties of Friendfhip between thofe Governors and^f Albany.
Itbar Provinces, and thofe Kings and their Kingdoms were
Koewed; the ufual Pledges for the Obfervation of Cove-
iDantswere exchanged*

By what follows it appears, that the Governor of Pen/yl-
lw«/ff, tho* the younger Colony, prefided at this Congrefs,
lind received the Anfwers of the Indian Kings ; the Minutes

Ininning thus :

' ? PRESENT

The Honourable Sir William Keith, Bart, Governor

^tnfjlvania,

/Members of the Council
f Penfyhania,^

Richard Hill, Efqj <
Col. John Frenchy
Jfaac Norris, E(qi
Andrtw Hamilieni Efqj
Col. Peter Schuyler,
eittr Van Brugh^ Efq;
Jo, Schuyler y .. r ■
HtadHanSy '?; '

Evtrt Barker, lSXi\y
Philip Leuin^m, Efq;
JoiBieecher, Efq; .
7tfA»Ci//wx, Efqtai* .

r- -U''.

> Committee for Indian j^^sm.

.■:;'! I

■I' l"rf'l»l%-

I. ».

; >

The

«54 ^^ Mifidry of Ncw-York.

The Anfwer of the Kiogi of the Fm N^mnt^ \ttu
The Maquafty TSe CapfigiSy

The Oneydetf Tba Smmhaa^

The OnnondagiSy
delivered to the Governor of Ptnfyhania tt Alkm tc^
xotb of Sipttmitrj 17a a. Imcfpreied by laurtnci CI A
into Duub^ and reodcrM into EniUJk by ^0A«ri I/t;, J
fion^ Efqj ^1

JST. £. There can be no Exa£tacffl in the Indian Nine;
which vary almoft ^» often as they arc roeniioned by EnaM
Frtnch or Dutch.

Tanachafa fpeaks,

Brother Onos^ N. B. Oms (ignifies a Pen in that tej
l^anguase ^ and they call On«j, or Pm, all the Govcrno
of Penjylvaniay fmce it was firft fettled by tyiUiam Ptn.
^ You told me, in your PrOpofuions, foroe Days mt
that you was come a great way to fee us of the Fivt A'J
tiom ^ we thank yod for your Good-will to us, and an
very glad to fee you here in good Health; and we hopcj
good Underftanding and Agreement will be made and
'^ concluded between us. Vou told us alfo, that youi
*' come to renew the Covenant Chain that has been m
between us, fo long ago even as the firft fettling the h
vince of Ptnfylvama^ and to lengthen the Chaiii^n
do away any Spot of Ruft that may be grown upon
'* fince our laft Nleeting and Conference at ConiJJogue,
Brother Onosy
II. ^* You told us, that at that time you brightened thj
'* CovinaniChain between us,that it may be clear and lafting 1^
'' the Sun and Stars in Heaven, for which we thank you^ an(
we being now all prefent do, in the moft folemn Manner]
renew the Covenant and brighten the Chain made betwec
that the Luftre thereof be never obfcured by any Oou

c<
(c

us.

*' of Darknefs, but may (hine as clear, tMadlaft as long, astbi
" Sun in the Firmament. ,v ,. .

Brother Onosy
III. '* You have likewife told us how William Pea^ wl
was a good Man, did, at his firft Settlement of the Pri
vince of Penjylvaniay make Leagues of Friendihip wii
thtlndiansy and treated them like Brethren; and that, liki
the ^mc good Man,be left ic in charge to all bis Govemoi
*^ who fhomd fucceed him, and to all his People oiPnjji
*^ vaniay that they (hould keep the Covenant and Ti
*^ he had made with the Fivi Nations^ and treat them wii
** Loye and Kindnefs. Wc acknowledge tha^ bis Gove

cc
((
«
«c

7le Hiftory ^New-York.

IK iik) P^P^ ^^^ always kept the fame honeftly and truly

lothii^y* Some on our Part always have kept, and for

1^ fver M kMp 6rni Peace and Friendfhip with a good

?^ jjflirt to all the People of Ptnfyhania, We thankfully re-

!« cdvc ind approve of all the Articles in your Propohtion

to US) and acknowledge them to be good and full of Love.

We receive and approve of them with our whole Hearts,

|« becaufe we are not only made one People by the Covinant

L Qhain^ but we alfo are a'People united in one Head, one

|( Body and one Heart, by the ftrongeft Ties of Love and

l« Friendfliip.

Brother Onos^

IV. '* You dcfire there may be a perpetual Peace and

|i< Friendfhip between you and the Fivt Nations^ and between

> your Children and our Cbildr'^ji, and that the fame may be

kept as long as the Mountains znd Rivtrs endure ; all which

we like well, and, on our Part, defire that the Covenant

I made with a clean and true Heart between you and us,

nay laft as long as the Sun and Moon (hall continue to

I give Light : And we will deliver this in charge to our

»> Children, that it may be kept in Remembrance with their

Ciuldren> and Children's Children, to the lateft Ages ; and

I we defire that the Peace and Tranquillity that is now cfta-

lililli'd between us, may be as clear as the Sun (hining in

its Luftre, without any Cloud or Darknefs, and that the

liine (Day continue tor ever.

Brother Onos^
V, '' We have well coniider'd all that you have fpoken,
4 like it well, becaufe it is only the renewing of for-
oer Leagues, made between the Government of Penfyl-
vania and us of the Five Nations, and which we always
believed we were obliged to keep. And as to the Accident
of oDe of our Friends being killed by fome of your Peo-
ple, which has happened by Misfortune and againft your
Will, we fay, that as we are all in Peace, wc think ic
hard that Peribns who killed their Friend and Brother
' fiiojjld fuffer ; and we do, in the Name of all the Five
SatuttSf forgive the Offence, and defire you will likewife
fiDfgive it, and that the Men who did it may be releafed
from Prifon, be (tt at Liberty to go whither they pleafe,
}nd we (hall efteem thii as a Mark of Regard and Friend-
lip for theFiv^ Nations, and as a farther Confirmation of
this Treaty.

Brother Onos^
VL ** We iay further, wc are glad to hear the former
Treaties sude with William Pern repeated to us again, and

" renewed

255j

' ff.

256 ^e Hiftory of New- York.

•' renewed by you, and we efteem and love you, as \U^
" ytfexciyiUiam Pen. Wc are glad you have wiped aww
** and cover'd the Blood of our dead Friend and Brother aJi
'* we defire the fame may be forgot, fo as it may never
" more mcntion'd or remembcr'd. It is needlefs for U8(,
*» anfwcr every Particular of your Propofition, becaufc wd
*' acknowledge the Whole to be good and acceptable toui
" efpecially your good Advice, which we will always remet
" bcr, and, in Teftimony thereof, and as a full Confirmaiio»
•* of our Agreement, Confent and Approbation of all th3
" you have propofcd and wc have here faid and premifed, wj
*' lay down a few Beaver^ Bear and drefs'd Dttr-skint!
Which concluded the Ceremony.
• < ■• ' 'it

I know not how it came that the Indian Kings uke noticd
only of the Governor and Province of Penfylvania^ whe
the Congrefs was held in the Province of Ntw-Tork^ and
the Deputies of that Province were prefent.
J )bn Moiu- I have met with no Governor of this Province betwee.
jiomery.c/^; Mr. Bumtt and John Montgomery y Efq; and little remarkablj
Gavernor. |^ ^^^ Timc of his Government. I hnd him charged with
Breach of Inftrudlions in a Matter of great Importance, thj
making of Judges by Virtue of his Commidion, m^M
Advice of Council, which, by a particular Article of his Ini
ftru(5ttons, he ought to have taken. Thefe Judges werd
Lewis Morris y Efq; Chief JulHce, James De Lanoy^ Efqj
Second Juftice, and Fredrick PhiUipfe, ECq^ Third Jufticc]
which are particulariz'd on Account of the Part they m
have in very extraordinary Tranfadiions, which foon aftel
made here, and even in £ne;ljndy a great Noife, and occa]
fionedmuch Debate.

Mr. Montgomery died July 1731, 9iFort St. George in thij
City, and was interred in the King's Chapel. Notwith]
(landing the fore- mentioned Charge, this Gentleman lefttb
Charader of a moft excellent Governor.
Rip Van On the Death of Mr. Montgomery., Rip Van Dam^ Ef(j

Dam, £/Vi at that time Prefident of the Council, was confeqaently Go
pufidenr. ygrnor and Commander in Chief of the Province oi Nt\
York. In bis time the French and Indians made (everal Id
croachments on the Frontiers of this Prov j'cr and A^a
Englandy of which the Prefident gave timelv No. ice to (
vcraor Belcher at Bo/ion, and hecommunf -■■' '.- . mi
fembly, as a Matter worthy their Attention. Prefident fij
Dan was entitled to as much of the Salary and Perquifitesc
a Governor, as was cuftomary for Prefidents in like Cafes t
receive ; and afterwards, when Col. William Cosiy was nu^

GoveraofJ

Tie Hiftory of New- York.

257

\-\

Covcmor, Mr. Van Dam'^ Appointment was half of the
i^ Governor's Salary and Perquifitcs by Warrant of the
Crowo during his Adminiftraiion, till the Arrival of Col.
tVi/y, who wrote to the Prefidcnt to ? !vance certain Sums wilii«m
of Money for him, to anfwcr the InciJents of his Office, §^!jj;,^f^^'
which he would faithfully and thankfully repay ; but it occa- ^73"?
(ioncd a Suit of Law, which had very ill Confcque;nces ^
Ibr, on Col. Cotby^^ Arrival here, and encrin^ on the Govern- •

jjent, he not onlv defcr'd paying the Sums advanced by
Prefident Van Dn^ but caufcd a Proccfs o be cotumenccd
irjiiit him by the Attomty Gtntral^ in ihc I >' ime of the
King, for Fees and Perquifucs received by the Prefid' nr This
feems to us abfurd and ridiculous, unjuft and oppreffive,
and I dclign only to fcreen the Governor from a rrofecu-
(jon at Law for the Money the Prefidcnt demanded of him,
jbr the Balance of the Account between them, by which was
due to the faid Van Dam 3537 A 9 ^. which Account Van
Dm deliverV. in to i ol. Cosby^ and required the Difcharge
of the (aid llal4MCw, .s> which he received no fatisfadory
ilnfwcr ; 0^' thr contrary, the Attomty General proceeded ac
ia\n 'triinft hiu» m the King's Name for the aforefaid Fees,
./I Dam was to have half of, and the other half a-
loounted to no great Sum, Salary and dated Appointments
being included. But this was not the greateft HardOiip;
whereas the Prelident had commenced a Suit at Common
iw for his Balance aforefaid, he could procure no Appear-
nce to his A£Hon from the Governor, • and the Attorney
icneral proceeded againft Van Dam in the Supreme Court ^ a
immon Law Court at New-Tork^ -s if it had been a
urt of Chancery, and, as fuch, the Judgment by a Jury
fee afide, and the Jurifdidion would be in the Go-
or and Council. 'TIS impertinent to remark the In-
ice of referring a Caufe to a Perfon interefted in it ;
iwcvcr, this was the Cafe, and Mr. Van Dam*s Coun-
try juftly excepted againft the making a Court of
AwaCourt of Equity, to carry a Point againft him, in fa-
[our of the Perfon who made ic fo, as far as his delegated
Power would admit. I have before me the Prefident's Ac-
ount, and the Letter he wrote to the Governor to obtain
sjuft Demand by amicable ways, andtoremonftmte the
h!i''>r» of ptofecuting him for a fmall Debt, at the fame
[ic that he refufed to difcharge or to appear to an Adtion
br a very great one due to the fame Perlbn. An Hiftorian
'not to enter into fuch Litigations, but the Fads they pro-
uced are Hiftorical ; I f^all only obferve, that the Chief
hjiice, Lewis Morriis Eiq; <^cliver'd his Opinion of the
' S nU^a/ify

thi

r .Ir'-'

25?

li' '

»733-

THje Hijlory of New- York.

Illegality of the Proceedings in the Supreme Cow% as tn il
Court of Equity^ and refufed to fit on the Bench, when the!
two other Judges, DeLancey and Phillipfe, <letermbcd in fe,
vour of the Governor, that their Court was a Court of Chan"
eery as well as Common Law. The Governor, upon this]
turned out the Chief Juftice ; and the two Judges, notwithJ
landing Mr, Van Dam's Exception to the Legality of thej]
Commiflion, as being conftituted without Advice of OjunJ
cil, contrary to the Royal Inftitution, declared themfelves 1
Court of Eouity, and of Courfe authorized to decide Caufej
without the Verdid of a Jury. This is the Fadt, the Prooi
and Records are in ray Cuftody ; and it was very proper to
fet forth as briefly as I could the Attempt in this Cafe th
moft notable that could happen in a Colony, being betwee.
an old Gevemor and a new, to compliment the prefent Powa
with its Conftitution, and give up the Rights of the Subjs
to Trials by "Juries.

To this I ihall only add a Paragraph or two of the late Pre
fident's Letter to the prefent Governor, dated Oitubn 22
1733.
'* Thus all the refpedful ways at coming at what I con
ceive Juftice firom your Excellency I have tried, and the
have proved inefleftual, while, in the mean time, you
Excellency is ufing the King's Name to recover of tne tbj
fmall Matter which I received during my Adminiftrati
and have proceeded (b hr therein, I am informed, as
get Procefs of Rebellion againft me, for n^ anfwerini "*'
a Court of Equity in that which was not really fuchj
•' Court." Then fpeaking of the Articles in his Account, "
fays,
** I befeech your Excellency to confider, that not
the firft Article, but alfo fundry Articles in the Accou
was by early Advices I gave you, even before your k{
poinrmenr, and the Arguments I fupplyM you with,
** Means not only of getting thofe Articles to you, duriij
my Adminiftration, but preferving them to you duri
yours, when the firfl had been ftrongly attacked." Thisi
tide was,

ct
<c
«
«(

Jn Emolument by the Exchange of the Militia^ \
and on paying of the Companies here^ during /2o^y/.
my Adminijlration, J

The Emolument by the Clothing if the faid \
Company. > *°^'*

Voted hy tht Ajftwkly for Strvictu 1000.

I'he Hiftdry of New- York.

If regular Toqps are neceflaiy, 'tis certainly abfolutely ne*
I Ciliary they flioUld be maintain'd as cheap as poffible, arid
dat no Body fliould get by the clothing them but the Maker
Lr the Seller.
ThePrefident goes on, ** I rarfed 4500/. at myovm Ex-
pence for the Ufe of the Governmenr, before your Arri-
U val. The gr^t Benefit to you of thefe Services you grate-
« fiiy acknowledged to me by Letters, and little did I expedl
|« fucb ! Returns as I have met with for them.

« I befeech your Excellency farther to confider how his

|«' Majefty* ike Father of his People, the Fountain ofjujiue^

look upon this Denial of Juftice by his own Repre-

|« fentative! How he will look upon the ufing of his Name

•' for your \3{ty in hopes of your being free from the Rifquc

I' of paying Cofts of Suit, if the Ciufe is agaiftft you !

" I befeech your Excellency to confider, how your Profc-

|<' cution againft one in the King's Nannte^ as^ this Cafe is

Y circumftantiatfed, will fduadin the Ears of adl Lovers of the
|« Conftitution, When it is known to all, that I have not o«-

/^^MrtaWcU-wiflier, hut nl/oaifii/e in the hteG loKiovs
I" Revolution, and well known to be one who ahvays has

Y hun mfi firfidy attached to the happy Ejtahlijhment founded

Y ihtremy ond to the Succeffion in the Houfe ^Hanover." I
yamyfelf well enough pl^d to find this Soggef^ion in the late

frclident's Letter to the Governor, becaufe, before I found
i, I fufpeded that fuch violent Proceedings could not be
Ijed on a Man of Revolution Prtttciples^ and how any o-
l^r came to he employed, cither in England^ or the Englifh
umrlca in Pofts of Truft, fince that Revolution, is very dif-
cult to be reconciled to the Intereft and Safety of the Con-
ftitution, and the Duty of thofe that procured them fuch Em-
oyments.

The Chief Juftice, Lewis Morris, Efq; publiflied his
\^mon and Argument, concerning the yurifdiSfion of the Su-
eme Court ff^ New- York, to determine Caufes in a Court of
which he had read in the faid Court, and the Go*

•159

^:'^\

.'■ It

rernor fent Frederick Morris, Efqj Deputy Secretary to
|the Chief Juftice, for a Copy of it under his Hand, which
m the Occafion of his printing and publiflung it, with the
tter that accompanied it, wherein, among other things,
fets the Governor's unlawful transforming the Supreme
\Ciurt into a Court of Chancery, ih its true Lighr.
" This, Sir, is the Copy of the Paper 1 read in Court,'!'''' ^*''^
I have no rqafdn to expc«St it will be at all grateful, or ur tithe '*
I' have any Weight with your Excellency, after the Anrwer<?»^<r''«.T
r I received to a Mef&gc I did myfdf the Honour to (en^T'"^^'^' -

O Z " to Law.

^ I

r\:

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26» fibeHiflory of New-York.

•* to you, concerning an Ordinance you were about makinffi
" for eftablifliing a Court of Equity in the Supreme Court LI
*» being, in my Opinion, contrary to Law. I thou^t myj
** felf within the Duty of my Office in fending you this McfJ

niine.l

<t
it
u

«
u

"3. :-

fagc, defiring to be heard bejore its E/iabtiJhmenty and
hope I fliali be juftified by your Superiors and mii
The Anfwcr you were pleafed to»fend me by Mr. Jok
IVarrel was, 'that I need not give myfelfany Trouble abl^
the Affair^ that you would neither receive a Vifit^ nor ,
Mejfage frotn nte. That you could neither rely upon my InA
tegrity, nor depend upon my Judgment or Opinion j that w J
thought me a Per/on not fit to be entrujied with any C«n J
cerns relating to the King, 1 am heartily forry, Sir fof'
your own Sake, as well as that of the Publick, that thdi
King's Reprefentative ihould be moved to fo great a dJ
** grec of Warmth, as appears by this Anfwer, which I trufl
*' could proceed from no other Reafon but my giving tni
*' Opinion in a Coart of which I was a Judge, in a Poind
** of Law that came before me. If Judges are to be intil
midated, (o as not to dare to give any Opinion but wha]
is pleating to a Governor, and agreeable to his privatd
Views, the People of this Province, who are very mucli
** concerned both with refped to their Lives and Fortunes
<* and Independencyof thofe who are to judge of them, majl
" poflibly not think themfelves (b fecure in either of thenJ
'' as the Laws and his Majefty intend they fliould be.i
The Clofe of this Judge's Letter prefents us with a iivejj
Image of this Governor's haughty, paffionate and unjuftifiablj
Condud.

jfs to my Integrity^ I gave you no Occafton to call it in ^i-
Jiion J / have been in this Office almq/l twenty fearst my Hmii
wera never fouled with a Bribe, nor am I confcious to myjM
that Power or Poverty hath been able to induce me to be partial
in favour of either of them ; and as 1 have no Reafon to expiSi
^ny Favour from you^ fo neither am I ajhamed or afraid t\
Jland the Te/l of the JlriSieJi Enquiry you can make concernim
my ConduSf. J have ferved the Publick faithfully and k
nejllyn and dare and do appeal to them for my fuftificatlm.

Judge Morris makes Mention of Lord Augujius Fitzrsi
being at New-Tor ky where was then a Man of War, aboar(|
of which that Lord had a Command, and while he was in
this City, he took to Wife a Daughter of the Governor,
agreeable young Lady.

The Behaviour of this Governor to the Prefident Van Dm
and the Chief Juftice Morris^ prepares us without SurprizeJ
to meet with the cztraordioary Proceedings againU ZengtrA

7he Hiftory of New-York.

^bo prfeted Van Datf^s and Morrises Cafes at large by their
pefirc, and at their Expence, which, no doubt, very much
Hiirpen'd the Governor's Rcfentment againft him -, and the
Chief Juftice being turned out, there were only the two
Judges left in Court to try the Printer for a Libel againft him,
ibercin no worfe was faid of him than what the Chief Judge
lad declared to be againft Law.
Mr. Cosby had been but few Months at J^tU)'Tork^ before
liequarrel'd with Vxt^idtni Van Dam a^d Jucjge Morris in
the Manner we have related, and made the People uneafy
ynder his Government. Their Affairs had otHerwife been in a
good Situation.

Before we proceed to the fiimous Trial of Zenger, we muft

ittum io other Particulars relating to this Colony.

They had been for fome time in no Fear of the French In-

ilans, probably trufting to their Security by the Barrier of

0m Nations between them and the Enemy, and accord*

iflg to Mr. Dummer*s Reprefentation, they were very artful

10 take no Step that might provoke the French to difturb

hem. His Words are, '' New-Tork has always kept itfelf in

^ilisHtoiNeutralityy contributing nothing to the common

Safety of the Britijh Colonies, while the Canada Indians,

joined by Parties of the French^ ufed to make their Route

by the Borders of New-York, without any JMoleftation

■ from the Englijh of that Province, and fell upon the Out-
' Towns of New-England. This Behaviour w^s the more

■ unpardonable in that Government, becaufe they+iave 400
regular Troops maintained among them at the King's
Charge, and have five Nations of the Iroquois on their
Confines, who are entirely dependent on them, and might
eafily, bad they been engaged in the common Caufe, have

' intercepted the French in their Marches, and thereby have
prevented the Depredations on his Majefty's Subjeds of
Meiv-England. Solemn and repeated Applications were
made to the Government of New-Tori by the Governors
oUhe MaJ/achu/ets, Conne£ficut and Rhode IJJand, in joint
Letters on this Subjedt, but in vain ; the Anfwer was, They
mid not think it proper to engage their Indians in aSfual tVaVy
liji tbtyjhouid endanger their own Frontiers, and bring upon
thmfelves an Expence which they were in no Condition to

[provide for. And thus the poor Colonies, whofeConfti-
tution was Charter Government, were left to bear the
whole Burden, without any Help from thofe Provinces,
whofe Governors held their CommilTions from the Crown."

I'bis is the more ftrange, becaufe the Caufe of Complaint

S 3 wa&

261

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mm
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imim

c<
cc

262 ^i*^ Hijiory of New- York.

was as well in Col. Hunter'i time, as in Lord Cornhurfs q.
Col. Coshy% which was not the Golden Age of this Province

But however this Security of theirs lafted not long j fo/jn ,
the Year 1734., they were alarmed with the Movements of
the French and Indians on the Frontiers of Nnv-Tork^ and
the Aflembly came to the Mowing Refolutions.

" That there be allowed, towards fortifying the City of
Mw-J^ri, the Suni of 6000/.
" That there be allowed the City of Many , toere^and
complete a Stone Fort, Soldiers Barracks within Ac fame
repairing the Officer's Houfe, or building a new one, and I
making the Carriages for the great Guns, the Sum of]
4000/,

" That there be allowed, for creding a Fort on Beams

upon a Stone Foundation at Scane^aday, a good' Blockl

*' Houfe in each Corner thereof. Carriages for the great I

** Guns, £fff . the Sum of 800 /. I

" That there be allowed, for Meflengcrs and Prefentstol

** the Senekaa's Country, maintaining a Smith and fomel

Men among that Nation, and for building Fortificationj|

there, if found feafible and pradicable, the Sum of 500/.

** That, for purchafing great Guns, and making Carriagjsj

for the fame, for the Security of Suffdk County, to be emJ

ployed there as Occaiion may require, and for difckrgingl

a Demand of the faid County, in oppofing a Pirate Veffell

*' which infefled them fome Years ago, be allowed to th^

*' County in all 200 /.

This Aflembly took into Confideration a Declaration ofl

two Lawyers, Mr. Smith and Mr. Murray^ that ** the Court]

** of Chancery, King's- Bench, Common- Pleas and Exche]

*' quer were of original Jurifdidtion by the Laws and ConJ

" ftitution of England^ as ancient as the Kingdom itfelfi

That as in that Colony they were endiled tothefamd

Laws, Liberties and Privileges, and under the fame Con]

ftitution, fo they were entituled to the fame Courts; an(j

*' that if thofe Courts fliould, in that Province, be put up

on any other Footing than they are in England^ their owJ

Aft would draw into Queftion, whether they wereenj

titled to the Liberties and Privil^es aforefaid; arid there]

fore they conceived it would not be improper to regulaM

** the Courts, and that the Judges ihould be made durinj

** their good Behaviour, by an Adt as it was in England.^

This, doubtlefs, was occafioned by the Attempt in Prefidenl

f'^an Dam's Cafe, to turn the Supreme Court into a Court of

Chancery. . I

^ AbouJ

ce
<c

cc
«(
«

e allowed to thd

He Hijlory of New- York.

^63

About the Year 1733 appeared the New-York Weekly 1733.
tij^al, printed by John Peter Zenger, One may eafily
irceive the Remains of the Dutch Inhabitants formerly pof-
^ng this City and Province, by the Names that occur iti
thii Hiftory- The Adminiftration here was become diftafte-
ful before the Journal began to give Marks of it, and Z^«-
itr (tt it up o"^y ^^ 8^' 2 Penny. There had been a News-
paper publiftied in New-York fome tirte; but this Printer's
vras intended for Politicks^ as well ds News, and it was not
likely the •Printer would long efcape Animadverfions, if he
dared to fpeak any thing of the Governor in his Journal,
whether true or falfe, if difpleafing to his Excellency. This
paper containing fonething of that kind, had not been pub-
lilh'd above two Months before the new Chief Juftice, Jaynes
J)( Lancty^ Efqj harangued the Grand Jury with a folemn
Charge preparatory to a Profecution againft Zenger, for
Words derogatory to the Governor's Dignity ; bat the Grand
7«ry giving no Ear to the Judge's Speech, the Council took
I it in hand, and fenc a MelTage by Philip Cortlandyy Efq;
one of their Members, to the Aflembly, to defire a Con-
ference between a Committee of Council and a Committee
of Aflembly, about the Proceedings to be carried on againft zeneer the

|tbefaidZ^«^<r. Printer prvje.

The Members of the Council who were forward in this '

lAf&irwere

'Mm

:>1

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:i . ,

^ 0' ii

si'

Mr. Laney

James De Lancey, Efq; Ch.Juft.

l)r. Codden^

Mr, Horfemanden,

Gmge Clarke^ Efqj

Mr. Levingjlony
Mr. Cortlandy^
Ur.Harri/ottf
Mr. Kennedy^

A CotTitnittee of the Aflembly, Mr. Garretfen Chair- 1734.
Itnan, met a Conftroittee of Council the 17th of Oitober^
1734, and the latter delivcr'd to the former the Requeft of
their Board, That the Aflembly would concur with the Coun-
cil in an Order for burning by the Hands of the common
\tiangman the New- York Journals, No. 7, 47, 48, as dc
\n1at0ry to the Dignity of the Government of his Mafefiy King
I George II. and refie6iing on the mojl conftdetable Perfons in .
itht moji di/lingtiijh*d Stationfs, &c. "The Courtfellors left the
faidjouraals with the ^mit/y Men, and the Chairman, Mr.
iQirretfiny reported the Cafe to the Houfe, who declined oppofd
having any Coticem it* the Matter j fo the Council fent Mr. ''"^JJ''
ImniftoH td the Aifttnblyj to defire they itwght liave their
Papers again. No doUbt the Houfe was ready crtougji to
return tlwfii..

S 4 The

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^^%i

ait

'St

'■. ■ .J,
' '*' 1-

n-*:

■'■':. 1 1 !'

z6j^

The Hijiory o/" New- York.

The Slur put upon this Proceeding by the Parlitmentopl
the Province, abated nothing of the Spirit of the Governor
and his Council ; they therefore met in their Chamber ih*
^ih oi November^ and figned an Order for the burning the
aforefaid Journals by the Hands of the Common Hangman
They are thus ranged in the Minutes.

PRESENT

His Excellency JVilliam Cosby y Efqj Captain-General and!
Governor in Chief, ^c.

\l f

;L.;5!;?

» i

1 ll

Mr. Clark,
Mr. Levingftorty
Mr. Cortlandy^
Mr. Harriforiy
Mr. Kennedy^

Mr. Lane,

Dr. Coddcti^

Mr. DeLancey, Ch.Jufticc.

Mr. Horfemanden.

JnA by the The Ingcnutty of thofe Gentlemen b remarkable in in.

y'oric. *^'ferting the Name of Dr. Codden in their Order, iho' thel
DoiStor was that Day at Efopus^ 90 Miles from the PlacJ
when the Council met at Fort St. George in New-York-^ but!
I obferve, in the Condudt of all this Sort of Governors al
Raihneis, and fometimes a Rage, when th^ir Interefl orl
Dignity are in Queflion, which runs them perpetually intol
Error and Nonfenfe. They were not contented with fign.|
ing this Order for the Hangman to burn Mr, Zengerh Papers I
but order'd Robert Lucking, Efq; Major of New-York, toge.j
ther with all the Magiilrates to attend when the Hangmanl
executed their Commands; but the Mayor and Aldermen exJ
cufed themfelves, and I fuppofe the Hangman did the famJ
for the Papers aforefaid were put into the Fire by the SheJ
rif s Negro; Francis Harrifon, Efq; Member of the CounclJ
and Jeremiah Dunbar, Efq; with fome Officers of the GarJ
rifon, adifting at the Ceremony, which the Citizens of iw|
York treated as ridiculous and contemptible.

On a Sabbath-day, November the idth, the Governor and]
his Council iOlied an Order for feizing Zenger and fendingl
him to the common Jail, where he was for fome timedeny'dl
the Ufe of Pen, ink and Paper. The meeting on a Sab'l
bath- day to do this notable Deed, fo far firom Charity, if|
not from Juftice, was very much cenfured by religious Per-
fons. Zenger's Counfel were Jar*es Jlexander, Efq; and I
Mr. William Smith, who prepared Exceptions againft thel
Coramiffions of the Judges, James De Lancey, Efq; Chief!
Juftice, Frederick Phillipfe, Efq; Second Juftice. I flialll
only mention one of them, that the Governor had granted
the Commiflion without Ad vice of the Council, ^hich was eH

. - fentijll

W^ Hiflory of New- York.

to the Validity of it in that Province, as is before
'Twas not likely that fuch Exception would be
J^ken'd to J they were over-ruled, and Zenger's Lawyers for-
0tn to praftife in the Courts of New-Tork. The Attor-
5jy.General, R. Bradley, Efqj having laid an Informatii n
Jirft y**" ^''^'* Zenger for thofe Papers, which, in his
Se, *^^ Libels, the Court allowed John Chambers, Efqj
(0 be Council for Mr. Z^/z^^r^ and y/Wrrf«;//tfw/7/<?w, Efq; oi
fbilidelpbio, being informed of the Importance, as well as
the great Expedation of the HTue of the Cafe, came from
that City, c id and infirm as he was, without any retaining
fee to induce him to it, to defend the Printer's Caufe a-
winft the palpable Inveteracy and Partiality of the Governor,
aid the Lawyers or Judges of his own making.
The Trial was order'd for the 4th of Auguji, 17^5. The
:|oor Man had then Iain in the common jfail above thirty
liv8 Weeks ; let any fenfible honeft Man judge whether any
an deferved the Authority of a Conftable who could be
Ity of dealing fp cruelly by a Fellow- Subjed, who bad
tdonehimaP^niyix^or/Aof Injury in his Lands, Goods or
ttels, nor in his Name but by Inuendo^Sy which are abhor-
t to all Laws divine and human, when made ufe of as the
ools of Revenge and Power. The Preparations for this
rial on the Side of the Profecutors was by impannelling a
[ary, many oi whom were no Freeholders, but Perfins hold-
1/ Commiffms and Offices at the Governor^ Pleafure^ others
ikm bearing Perfonal Hatred to Zenger, probably for his
'mnah too. Among the reft was impannel'd the Gover-
ifs Taylort Baker, CandU-maker, Joiner ; againft fuch a
ick, '.vhen Zenger*^ Counfel objedled, and offered to give
;eafons for their Objcdions, the Profecutors, not being will-
to have that Dirt flirred, permitted the bringing in the
vkldtrs Book, out of which 48 Jurymen were ftruck, and
Hrft 12 on the Lift were agreed to be called %nd fworn.

1 Htrmanus Rutgers^
; Stanly Holmes,
I Edward Man^
John Bell,
Smuel IVeaver^
Undries Mar/chalky

Egbert Van Borfon^
Thomas Hunt, Foreman,
Benjamin Hildreth^
Abraham KeteltaSy
John Goclet,
Hercules Wendover.

[Being ignorantof the Pradice, and even the very Language
the Law, I (hall repeat nothing faid by the Lawyers on
her Side, but where I^eafon and cbmmon Senfe are fuf-

(ient to be one's Guide.

4 The

265

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266 T'h Wjiory of New- York.

The Information fcharges Zeiger with printing and publifl,
m^9,f(ilfe, malicious y fcandalous znd fgditious Libel^ called rt
New'Tork Weekly Journal. Thus the Auorney General i
fcrted fomc Parcels of the Paper before -mentioned ; but '
cumbcr'd with fo many technical Barbarifms, that I'muft
well fas I can, reduce them to plain meaning. It implJ'J
that the Adminijlramn wasfo oppreffive, that the People wn
leaving the Province to avoid it ; that their Liberties and pJ
perties are precarious^ and Slavery is like to he intailed on thA
and their Pojfcrity^ which they colleii from the Proceedings
the Managers here j the Law is at an End, Trials by JurU
are taken away when a Governor pleafes^ Mens Dues are A
Jfroyedy fudges arbitrarily difplaced, new Courts ereSied with
out the Confent of the Legijlature, Men of known Ejlaits J
denied their Votes, contrary to the nceived Practice the lA
Expofiior of any Law j who is in the Province that
ean call any thing his own, or enjoy any Liberty lonfrer tU
ihofe in the Adminiflration will condefcend to let them ?
which Reafons People leave the Province. Now if all thefe thin
were true, could there be a greater Libel on Majcfty hfj
than to fhew ihat a Man, guilty of fuch Opprcffion, had bw
kept in the Government fo long as this Governor had been I
New-Tork ? If all or any of thefe things were true, wli
Madnefs was it for him to ex!pofe, I will not fay his oa
Dignity, but that of his Office, by itaking itagainftaCro
of Witnefles, offering to prove he was unworthy of it by 1
rious Adte of Power?

Mr. Hamilton, CDunfcl for Zenger, required again and agstj
that, by proving N^hat was faid in the New-York Jourm\
be true, his Client muft be cleared of the Libel. Ever fin
the Abufe of Innuendo*s, by the Judges and Lawyers in
Reigns of King Charles II and King James II, they
not been often ventured upon by Court Lawyers, and
dom or never countenanced by Judges; but Bradley^
Attorney-General of New-Tork*s Information againft Zent
had no other Foot to ftand upon than Innuendo-, but as]
would not let Zenger have his Argument, ar»d Mr. Chmdi
his own Counfel, declined his letting him have his, therJ
only Mr. Hamilton's in the printed Trial, out of whicj
fliall take a few Lines, which mark a little the Misfortune]
thofe Britons in our Colonics, who live under Governj
that do ill and will not be told of it. I am fenfible thattl
Attorney-General faid no more than what the Judgment
the Courts, in the worft of times, eftablifhcd for Law, TJ
to fpeak evil of Dignities is never the lefs, nay, that ia
the more criminal for being true-, but fincc Common Smfi

direJ

7^^ Hiflory of Nc^y-.York.

contrary in this to Common LaWy T will repeat what
U7/tfw///<J« urges from the Cafe of John de Northampton^
Ll<ord Coke*^ Inftitutes : " By this Indictment it appears, the
(1 libellous Words were utterly/rf^i-, and there the Falfhood
In ^yas the Crime, and is the Ground of that Judgment ; and
Ljj not that whai we contend for? Do not we infift.
In that the Faljhood makes the Scandal^ an4 both make the
Uljidf And how rtiall it be known whether the Words be
(/(,«/, that is, true or falfey but by admitting us to prove

267

I* them true^ fince Mr. Attorney will not undertake to prove

Lhem/t'^. ^ know it has been faid, that Truth makes a

Y Lltd the more provoking^ and therefore the Offenct is the

^'^imter, and confequently the 'Judgment Jhould be the heavier,

l« Well, fuppoic it was fo, and let us agree, for once, that

'{nth is a greater Sin than Faljhood \ yet, as the Offences

\ jre not equal, and as the Punifhment is arbirrary, that is,

I according as the Judges, in their Difcretion, (Tiall dirciSfc

; tobeinflifted, is it not ahfolutely neceflary that they fliould

baW whether the Libel is true o: falfc. " How could a

overnor, or his Creatures, ftand the Hearing a Free Briton

nand aRight to prove the abominable things laid of him to be

r, and the Judge himfelf perhaps made deny their Fellow-

iibjetS that Right ? If the Law fcrcen'd him from hearing

would not a fmall Portion of Prudence and Temper have

pt him from running hirofclf t m. fuch a Dilemma ? *Tis

vious, by what' has been laid of this Governor's Carriage

wrds Prefident Van Dam and the Chief Juftice Morris^

Bt the bittereft Part of the Words, called libellous, could

[proved to be true m Faft. Mr. Hamilton then fpcaks

rationally of the Grievances the People in the Colonies

•expofed to, by the Abufe oi Power in the Governors.

\kvt heard it ohfervcdy fays he, that the Man who was nfi- CmnfJior

•good nor wife before his being made a Governor^ «^^r H;">^iic«"i«f

nded upon his Preferment^ hut has been generally ohfcrved'"^"^'*^"'-^**

I i( worfe j for Jlfen who are not endued zvitb JVifdom and

kr/ac, wn only he kept in Bounds by the Law^ and by how much

'.further they think them f elves out of the Reach of Law^ by

mch the more wicked and cruel they are. His whole

ech on this Subjed is well worth reading, and I thcre-

trc refer to it. The Attorney-General and the Judges

having nothing to fay, but to aflert that New-Tork

urnal w'as a Libel, tho* the fcandalous Parts charged in

Information were true, and that the Judge's Opinion was

lie Law and the Judgment, I am fure the Reader could

p no great Delight in their Speeches ; but that the Jury had to

)\vith both tlve Law and the FadV, and to determine of both,

Mr.

■ •• I

»'^:;:r

it]

<c
cc

s68 ^^^ Hi/lorv of New-York.

Mr. Hamilton proved by the Vcrdid ot the Jury in the fJ
inous Cafe of the Sevtn Bi/hops, who, when three of ii]
Judges had given their Opinion that their Petition was a J
M one only difagreeing, " The Jury, fays he, took uJ
them, to their immortal Honour^ to determine both M
and Law, and to underftand the Petition of the BilhoJ
to be no Libel^ that is, to contain no Faljhood^ and iherS
•' fore found them Not Guilty:* And the New-York M
took very Httle time to confider the Matter, and by thei
Foreman, Mr. Thomas Hunt, gave the lame Verdift fo|
John Pettr Zenger. Upon which there was three Hw
in the Hall, which was full of People.

Tho' doubtlcfe there had been as ill Governors in the Bri
iijh Colonies as this of New-Tork j yet Counfellor Hi
milton affures us this was the Second Information for a Libtl\
«ver knew in America ; and the firft was brought by Ccl
Nicholfon^ who had been Govenior of Maryland^ Virgkli
New-Scotland and Carolina at feveral times ^ and his Piq
ceeding there being againft a Clergyman of the Church <
England was the more extraordinary, becaufe he aflfeded i
uncommon Zeal for the Church upon all Occafions. So
how Mr. Hamilton relates it : " Governor Nicholfon,
happened to be offended with one of his Clergy, nitc hia
one Day upon the Road, and, as was ufual with Kin., un
der the Protedion of his Commijfion, ufed the poor Patfoi
with the worft of Language, threatned to cut o^ his Ran
(lit his Nofe, and at Uft, to (hoot him through the He
*' The Parfon being a reverend Man, continued all tbj
*' time uncover*d in the Heat of the Sun, until he foun
** an Opportunity to fly from it, and com*n(> to a Neighbour'!
" Houfe, found himfelf very ill of a Fever, and immediate
** ly wrote for a Dodtor ; and that his Phyfician might th
•' better judge of his Diftemper, he acquainted him with tb|
*' Ufage he had received j concluding that the Governo
was certainly mad, for that no Man in his Senfes v.'oui(|
have behaved in that manner. The Dodor unhap
pily Ihews the Parfon's Letter, the Governor came to he
of it, and fo an Information was preferred againft.the pooj
Man, for faying. He believed the Governor was mady and
*' it was laid in the Information to be faljey fcandalom J
** wicked, and wrote with Intent to move Sedition among m
People, and bring his Excellency into Contempt ; but, by i
Order from the late Queen Jnne, there was a Stop put d
the Profecution, with fundry oth 'rs fet on Foof by th^
fame Governor againft Gentlemen of the greateft Woitl
*' and Honour in that Government.

MrJ

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7%e Htjfory of New-York. 269

jfr. Hamilton's Story does not very well agree with Mr.
Ifii's Z<^*1 ^Of ^^^ Church at Maryland j and either

y,7/d»abufed him in this Report of him, or Nichoifon a-
jfedthe World in that laudable Zeal.

$uch ra(h and ruinous Proceedings as thefe, (hew how ab«
[jufjly ncccflary it is that the Capacity, Temper and Morals
U Perfons to be preferred to Governments in our Colo-
jjlliould be well approved before fuch Preferments, with
[JieConfideration of their Circumftances and Inducements

^ leive their native Country, to ftruggle with the Heats,
jjrricancs and Wilds of America,

iTieCitiz-ensof A^rta-}^i were fo well pleafed with Mr.
yim'i Proceedings for them in the Cafe of their Printer,

It, at a Common Council of the City, held the i()th of ^7U»

iidtfi 1735.

PRESENT

layor.
Efqj Deputy-Mayor,

\ Paul Richards, Efq; Mayor.

Efgj r

\Daniil Horfemanden^ Efqj Recorder.

ALDERMEN.

iilim Roomty Efqj
imud John/on^ Efq;
Jthn If^aller, Efq;

Chrijlopher Fell, Efq;
Stephen Bayard, Efq;
John Burgere, Efq;

ASSISTANTS.

Mr. John IFaldrm,

m. Myer^

|Mr. John Mears,
\W. John Fred.

Mr. Charles Le Roca^
Mr. Evert Bayard,
Mr. Henry Bogert,
Mr. Abraham de Peyfler,

lit was order'd to prefent Andrew Hamilton, Efq; with
f Freedom of the Corporation, and that Aldermen Bayard^
kfon md Fell do prepare a Draught of the fame, whicii
IS done and approved in the following Words.

jPiul Richards, E/b', . Mayor, the Recorder, Aldermen and
Hants of the City of New- York, convened in Common
iincil,yf. IVhereas Honour is the fir Jl Reward of Virtue ^and
^lici Benefits demand a publick Acknowledgment : we there'
w, under a grateful Senfe of the remarkable Service done to this
I'jindCQhny by Andrew Hamilton, Efa-^ / Penfylvania,

Barrljltr

* I

■ i 1

■li

, .

".'\l

I. ri T. jilt

■•I I '

U. f^^'

''u

^70 Tlfe Hijlory of New- York.

Barr't/hr at Lawt by his learned and gfheroui Difencttf\
Rights of Mankind, and the Liberty of tit Prtjs, »«M#Cd/,|
John Peter Zcnger, lately tried on an Information txnibiuA
the Supreme Court of this Colony, do, by th*ft Prtfents, biaA
the faid Andrew Hamilton, Efy; the publick Thanh of\
Freemen of this Corporation, for that fignal Service which]
ihearfully undertook under great Indi/pafttion of Body, and^tl
roufly refufing any Fee or Reward', and, in Tejlimony of ,
great Efieem of his Perftn, and Stnfe of his Merit, do htr
frefent hitnwith the Freedom of this City, &c.

Willittn Sharpas, C/.j

Several Members of the Corporation, and others, conJ
buted to the purchafing a Gold Bojr, weighing Five Ound
and a Half, in which the Seal of the Freedom was inclofd
and the Box, with the inclofed Freedom, was carried to
Hamilton at Philadelphia, by Alderman Bayard.

Round the Lid of the Box was engraved not only
Arms of the City oi New-York, but this Motto:

DEMERSiE LEGES TIMEFACTA LIBERt]
HiEC TAMDEM EMERGUNT.

On the inner Side of the Lid was this Motto,
NON NUMMIS VIRTUTE PARATURj

J^35.

And on the Front of the Rim,

ITA CUIQUE EVENIAT UT DE REPUBLI^

MERUIT.

CiCERO.j

I'he Corporation order'd their Thanks and Freedom,
(tinted to Mr. Hamilton, to be printed, and feveral Th
lands of 2enger*s Trial were vended in the Brittfii Colon
and in England.

We find this Governor ftill continuing his grand
of Government, in his Behaviour towards the People
N'nu-y'ork,v/ho, in November 1735, petitioned him todiiTol
the AlTerably, as appears by their Minutes in the follow
Terms : " The Speaker acquainted the Houfe, that hin
" and Capt. Vanhorn having waited on the Governor wij
** Peticion for difTolving the Aflembly, ;ind that he

« like?

Thf Hifhry of ^tvf'York, 271

^lilcewifc »M«i "oto *' "^ the Order and Requcft of the Houic
, j^gn, hf |»ve (beoi this Anlwer ia Writing.

GcittieTlllB*

I ku y^"'' ^'^*^i' '''^'^ ««/iV/ /^<i/ //;^ //«tt/5' appUid to mtf

Iv'ovctnbcr /«//, yir- tht fami thing they nmu difire^ thiy muji

it ftill w^r/ out of tbi ordmary Ccurji nojju^ than it was

liitt tifne i t hire fan I mu/i ajgon urifwet\ that «t tht Ad'

tnnuHt^ Proroguing and Di/folving nf tht Aj/imhiy is the un-

itd Prerogativi of tbi Crown } and that as his Majc/iy

ban pUaJid to intruji mi with that Power^ 1 Jhall make

[(fit as I find it for the Service of his Alajejiy and the Bt'

It if the Province^ which I da not yet apprehend it to he.

'^t have feen how this Governor dealt by Prefident Fam
how he turn'd out that worthy Magiltrate Chief
ftice Morris ; how he endeavoured to ruin Zenker the
oter; and now how he kept up the Aflcmbly, contrary to
> Senfe and Petition of their Confticuents^ yet we muft
«yc him in this Government.

f We (hall now give a (hort Geographical Account of this
evince, its prefent Inhabitants and Trade.
I AH the Englijh Colonics in America aflfedt to divide their Div!/!(M»
iUS^i into Counties, whether they have People for them
[not; and this, in fome of them, is fo pompous, that it
oroes ridiculous. Thus the Jffffeys and Long //land, and

fd the remoter Parts of NeW'Tork^ which is divided into
I Ids than ten Counties, Albany, Uljier, Dutchefs, Orange

King's County, which are inhabited by the Dutch, and
jfons of Dutch Extradlion, who make very good En^lijl)

1 become fettled anoonglt them, ^een's County, Sujfolk
unty, Che/ier County, ■ and New-Tori County, are

other Counties.
I Something has already been faid of the City of New->TorJt, Ncw-Ycwk.
rich iscing much larger now thin when it was called New-

lirdamy makes a more agreeable Profped than it did
There arc now about 1 1 oo Houfes, and near 7000
jibabitants in it. The Houfes are well built, the meaneft
"them (aid to be wordi 100/. which cannot be fiiid of
Ly City in England. The great Church here was built in

Year 1695, and is a very handfom Edifice. Here arc
)t Dutch Church a French Church and a Lutheran, Church.
he Inhabitants o*" Dutch Extraftion make a very confiderable

; of the Town j but moft t^ them fpeaking Englijhy one
ay fuppofe they go pretty much to the great Churchy efpe-
illy all (holie ch^t arc or hope to be in OiBcei;. The Mi-

nirter

•I-

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"'5 ll

Wsd

,/;:«

27a

The Hiftory of New- York.

III

nifter of it/\^as lately Mr. William Vefey, Here is aF
SchoolanJdPrinting-houfe; but no more than oneBookfJ
ler's Shop, and that not extremely well cuftonied. Th 3
little or nothing of the old Walls left j the chief Defence
the Town now is George Fort, and two new Batteries on
on each Side of the Narrows, to fecure the Place by Sea ' tI
Fort is now in good Order, and there are two Companies!
Soldiers in Garrifon in it. The Council-houfe is a fair Buili
ing. The Government of the Town is by a Mayor RJ
corder, Aldermen and SherifB, Common-Council- Men 'co
flables and other inferior Officers, in Imitation of the Core
rations in England, where the Body, as 'tis called do
many Places, more Harm than Good ; and I am afraii
NeW'Tork, the Fadions among the Magiftrates, Rivals
the DireSfion, have not a little contributed to fome Une
nedes in the Province. Manahattan liland^ in which d
City oi New-Tor k ftands, is 14. Miles long, very fruitful,
pleafant, and being water*d by Hudfon^s River, makes a nio
delicious and profitable Plantation. Indeed this City and i
Environs, for Profpeft, for Profit, (or Pleafure, is not el
cecded by any in the Britijh or any other Empire.
Kingflon. King/ion lies between Ntw-York and Albany, onthe Wd
fide of the River, 50 Miles from the former. The HouJ
are ilraggling, except about ico, which compofe the Mai
Rim, which is well built, and the Whole may amount to 1
hove 200 Families. The River Mfopus, a Name only know,
to the concerned, fells into Hudfon*s from New-JtA
near this Town, and makes a good Communication betwe
this Province and that.

In We/i'CheJler County there is but one Parifli, or atle
but one Pariih Church, which is at the Town 16 called b]
there's a fettled Maintenance for two Minilters, at 50/. yea
each. *Twas an Error in my firft Edition to place Ryek
that Town belonging to New-England, in Fairfield Count
As to the Places, Taskers, De Charm, and Mmerm
mentioned in this County, all that I can fay of them
that I take them to have been Dutch Planutions.

The Town oi Albany, called anciently Oran^^./^r/, is |
bove 140 Miles from New-York, nearer Canada and^wA
The Inhabitants are flill moftly Dutch. Here is a
Stone Fort. Queen Anne fent a Church of England Minili
hither, who has 100 /. a Year fettled upon him; and the RJ
prefentatives for this County in the AlTembly moved for]
Church at the Expence of the Province. I know notwbj
ther it was yet built. The Town confifts now of betwe
2 and 300 iutnilies^ who live very comforcably, and thrivl

Weft.
Ckeftcr.

Albany.

^Ih Hiftory fl/'New-York.

373

ilfoby tlie Indian Trade for which it lies very convenient.

Here the Governors of New-York have often Conference*

Ljih the Sachems^ and a notable one was held here in the

U Year of Queen Anne^ when were here prefent the Lord

' ■ r;, Col. Peter Schuyler ^'M^ox Dirk PP^eiJfels, Com-

icrs for treating with the Indians ; John Belcher^ Efq;

jyor of New-Tor k-^ John Abeel^ Efqj Recorder ; Jthn

{ihom, Efqi Alderman ^ David Schuyler] Efq; Alderman ;

\n Schuyler, Efq; Alderman j Mr. Richard Levin^on^

jretary for Indian Affairs; and Hilletie Van Olinda, an

idutch Woman, Interpretefs. The firft that had Audi-

cewere 2 Sachems of the Hurons^ or Canada Indians^

n 5 Sachems of the Twightivights, and Tronondade In-

,w; then the Sachems of the Five Nations^ in Confede-

with the Evglijh. The Kings, in their Speech, make

Six } but I luppofe that was a Novelty, on fo cxtraor-

cary an Occafion, when fomc additional People were in-

luded. Thofe that appeared here now by their Sachems,

tOntydes^ the OnandageSy the Cayanges, the Sinnecaas,^"*'^'** ^^^

id the Maquaas. There's hardly any one of thefe Names'"*'*

It the laft, that are pronounced and fpelt always exa<5tly in

lime manner. The Territories of thefe Five Nations

the other Indians reach'd to the French Settlements in

J the utmoft Limits of which. Southward, are not a-

e 200 Miles from the utmoft Limits of New-York, North-

i The chief Bufinefs of this Conference, befidcs fettling

few Mattew in Trade, was the Exchange of Prefents,

licb, on the Englijh Part, are generally Clothes, and on

Mm, Skins. There are generally two Companies of

liers detached to garrifon Albany^ from whence a Party

ufuallyfentto

ichinelfoda, 20 Miles above it. Here is, or was lately only *cheneaai«,
1 old Fort out of Repair, and the Palifado's rotten, which,
ippofe, tempted the French, and their Indians, to infulc
as we have related. 'Tis rebuilt in a better Mannec
before they burnt it, is larger and more populous, and
JDg pretty far in among the Indian Plantations, the Inha-
tsmake good Advantage of the Trade v ith them. The
about it is not unlike that pleafant Valley whicli the Trent
Iters in Nottingham/hire, to which it has been often com-
d. Here are now about ijo Familiei, Englijh and
d.

[Between this and New-York, Ay o Miles, dwelt feveral ///-
IB Nations, as the Makentowonit, the Poch^nit, the Woo*
V the Mamkikam j one may call them what one will, the
vages would perhaps underftand us as well as they do by

J the

i*. ■;•■'■■ ili" Ws " 1!

.«,,-''l

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'^11

m%- '

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Z74

715^ Hj^orj^ o/ New- York.

the Names they go by in our Hiftories. The Maqaaasv^crtl
the Weft of Fort Many; and Southward from thetn lies
Head of thcMiJJjftpi. Onthefe Frontiers are two or three otji
fmall Fortifications, as Half Moon^ Nejiigeun^ and 8at
tlage. The Country all along to the Mouth of the River
equally fi-uitful and delightful. The Indians had it all 'J
Years ago, except S«per skill, on the Weftern Shore of ifj
fonh River, which Shore was neyer planted by the Dud
bet is now by the Englijh: The inland Country is ftj
of Settlements.

tdnglfland. Souih-Eaft from New-Tork lies Long^Ifland, fotnctiti
called Najpiu Ifland, (Iretching along Fairfield County
NeW'Engian4i almoft to the Mouth of Hudfon\ River. \
i fine Spot of Ground, 150 Miles in Length, and u
Breadth. It was partly inhabited by the Engltjh before 1
Rshert Carr came into thefc Parts ; King James I. inclui
it in the Patent he granted to Sir William AUxander^ Earl 1
Stirling j and the Inhabitants of Lyn in EJfex County
Niw-England^ finding themielves ftreightened iQ Room, co
tn^^ed. with that Lord for a Tra£fc of Land in this Ifland,]
which abput 100 Families removed, together with Mr. P/J
/on their Minifler, and began to plant at the Weft End of J
Ifland i but the Dutch of New-Amjltrdam gave them ft]
Diflurbance, that they deferted their firfl Plantation and 1
tied at the Eaft End, where they built a Town, and ere^
themfelves into a Sort of Government, by the Advice of 1
Maffachufet$Co\onyy of which they had been a Part. Ti^
called their Town Southampton^ the. Name it ftill goes I
and out of it was lately taken the Paridi of Bridg3)mp\
Three of the Counties in the Province of New-Tork lie]
this Ifland, as ^een's County, Suffolk County and Ridti
County i for the Englijh lookt upon this Ifland as depend
on New-Tor ky and took Pofleflion of both by Virtue of j
Duke of Tork'i Patent i tho' I don't fee how the LynM
could fufFer in the Property they purchaied of the Lord£/{
iing, who had a prior Grant. In ^een*s County aret{
Churches, fupplied with Incutpbents, one at Jamo^
Town of about 40 Houfes, of which the Reverend
iVilliam Vrquhart was lately Minifter. He has 50/. a
by Subfcription from the Torkjhire Clergy, and 15/.
Books. The other Churcb is at Hempjlead^ of which ialj
was Reftor, the Reverend Mr. John Thomas, who has
fame Income from England nikd by the Sodttyfwft
gating the Gofpdy whofe Stipends are good, and I hopei
Stipendiaries are the fame, efpecially thofe that are feotl
A^myknd apd Virginia^ where Minifters ^^ much waotl

The Wftory j^ New-York.

275

tat not fuch as I have known to (hip themfelves for thefe
places. Each of thefe Minifters have 60 1, a Year alfo from
lltUhTferk. Near Hemjiead is a noted Plain, taking its
jIjjijc from it; and in this Plain thereare often Horfe- Races,
lbs Breed here being famous, on which Accmnt the Militia
gjgitnent oi^een's County is Horfe. In it are alfo ConJiH'
fyfffwn, Utrecht, and other fmall Places, not worth the
jjames of Towns, which together make a plentiful Provi-
Ijgn for their Minifter, as all pious and learned Divines
djttohave.

There is an Allowance of 4.0 /. a Year for a Minifter

Sufilk County; but there is no Minifter in it, there

jng no Churchj and my Author does not think Pref-

kffian and Independent Paftors to be Minifters. There are

of them and of ^^^^rj feveral Congregations, which he

cnot allow to be called Churches. Tho* there's no Parfon,

ere are two Towns in this County, Huntington, where arc

oHoufes; and Oi/ierBay, where there areas many. When

Dutch were in Poffeflionof jto»^^fl»^/, they made Earthen

are there, as good or better than that at Delft j but that

rade was loft as foon as the Ehglijh were Matters here.

he latter minded, and ft ill mind planting and fowing,

formerly Skins and Furrs. There is a Plain towards the

iddle of the Ifland, 16 Miles long, and 4 broad, call'd

ijbury Plain, which yields very fine Grafs, perhaps as fine as

toi Hemp/iead ', for here are Races twice a Year, and to

icourage a good Breed of Horfes, here is yearly a Silver Cup

liven to the fwifteft. There's no manner of Rubbifli, Stick

Stone to be feen upon it. Here are two or three other

Plains, of about a Mile Square, which are very bene-

to the Neighbourhood.

About 40 Years ago was fet up at Northfleet, in this Ifland,

Poft, which runs twice a Week to Nettlebed, Eger^

I, Afiiford, Huntington, Oijier Bay, Flujhing, Newton and

iftrd^ where the Mail is carried over in the Packet-Boac

NiVi*TorL A very great Convenience in Trade, of

hichthe Inhabitants of this Ifland have a pretty good Share

Horfcs,and the Commodities raifcd by Pafture Ground. Off

Ed/i Coaji lie feveral defert Wands, and Siaten Ifland at

IVeflEnd, to Miles long, and 5 or 6 broad. The chief

tations in k are Billop's at the South End, and Palmer's

the Morth, and at the Eaftern Point is a fmall Settlc-

it, cail'd Dover. There arti very convenient Harbours a-

igthc Coaftof Long //land, and on the South-fidc, IP'hales'^^^^* ^

' Grampuffes were formerly, if they are not ftill ca.'ght by '^ *

Flihers in fmail Boats, and a confiderable Trade driven

* T 2 with

III' ^ ■„.,

5»fv ' >'„, "^' M \

: r^- ■?'■

!^ ft-,

■>t

l)!.1i!Bi<(ll

fe«^^'

tHMtt,

276 !r/j^ F//?ory ^ New- York.

^ with the Oil, as to the Sugar Iflands and other Coloni
to England ond Ireland. In Winter an infinite Number^
Seals lie on fome broken Marfhes, Beaches and Banks
Sand. They make an excellent Oil, and would be very art
vantigeous to the People of the Country, if they could fl
into an eafier way of conning at then).

Hiving mentioned the Fertility of the Soil of this p.
vince, I fliall only add as to its Produds, that they are i\
fame with thofe of Neiv-Enghad. It has nothing pecu|3
to itfelf, and therefore we (hall refer to what we fajd the!
on this Head. The Soil is richer, and the Climate mild J
lying two or three Degrees more to the South. The Cor
and other Grain of this Province are reckoned to excel th
3ike of NeiU' England Growth j but (b little, that I fuppol
it makes no great Difference in the Market. j

The Animals, BeaJIsj Birds and Fijh are the fame as thoi
in New-England^ there being no nKsre Difference betwed
the two Provinces than between two Counties in Engkni
or not fo much in feveral Inftances. The Indians of JV«(
England and thofe of New-Tork differ as little, confiderin
how Indians naturally differ from one another almoft in eved
10 or 12 Miles; their Cuftoms varying with their Kind
doms, which were rarely of greater Extent. But it will H
exposed we fhould (ay fomething of the Savages of this Prd
vince, as well as others. I think they (hould lofe the Nan
of Savages, having (b long lived near, and even among th
Englijhy and accuftomed themfelves pretty much to the
Ufaf;es.

7 hat their Language is as barbarous as that of the ^^^

England Indians,wii\ appear by the following Examples, as^l

quoyhangeny the Neck; 'tis very odd that the firft Syllable!

thclndian WordNequoyhangen is Neq, the very Englijh Nuf

and there is iri all Langus^es fuch OddnefTes, which may[

term'd Lujits Linguarum, as the Semblances of Branches i

Sprigs of Trees, are often dillinguifhed on Stones and She

A Liar is Synquvwmackriggh^ I carmot pronounce the krid

of this dreadful Speech. There are feveral Dialeds, accord

ing to the Difference of the Nations. As for the Perfonst

the Indians^ they are generally well featured and well limb't

I take their being well limb*d to be owing to their '

nurfmg Children, to put them early to the Ufe of the

Limbs, after ftrengthening and hardening them by Wat^

and Weather. They fpoil their Complexions by dying a

painting their Skins, which makes them (b tawny, that,

way of Diftindlion from Europeans^ they are as often calle

Tawrnyt as Indians, Their Hair 21 black and lank ^ they an

I>4iari».

hi'".

*JF

Tie Hijlory «/" New- York.

dextrous in handling their Bows and Arrows; but

ihave long had the Ufe of Fire- Arms; and all the Na-

IJjiJs bordering on European Settlements do not now pretend.

Lpoppofe Musket, Powder and Ball with Bows and Arrows.

V^zyians in and near this Province had always a friendly

Icorrefpondcnce with the Englijh ; one Reafon may be, they

Ld been much longer acquainted with theftj than other /«-

Urn had been with the firft Comers. The Colonies in

hfoi'England having had Commerce and Correfpondence

Iffith them 40 or 50 Years before the EngUJh fettled in New-

Vf(fk'^ and befides that, the Dutch had broken them of iheir

lliildnefs, as 'tis faid of ColtSy by living and trading with

liliein before the EngUJh came thither. Pete Hennepin owns

f love the Englijh better than the French^ of which we

enough in the Speech of their Kings to Qiieen Anne.

iTbey are apt to learn all things, and my Author adds, will-

|iig to be inJiruSled in the Chrijiian Religion^ which I do not

Diirely believe, tho* out of a laudable Zeal for the Propaga-

m of it, they are fo reprefcnted xo the Society, that have

keo upon them the Charge of fending Minifters to them,

bine of which have not behaved as became their Divine Mif-

od; infomuch that the Ihrewder Heads among the Indians

Bvc taken Notice of it, as will be feen by this Story, which

iGilbert Heathcot told me, as he had it from Brigadier Hun-

ir, Governor of this Province. The Brigadier Governor

ving fome of their Sachems a Meeting at Jlbany, where he

aewed what is called the Covenant Chain, or Alliance with

• Five Nations^ he carried with him Prefents, as ufual,

hich were fevcral Suits of Clothes, fet out for Show in the

Manner, and the Sachems being mightily taken with

em, the Governor thought it a proper tirrte to purfue an-

bcr Part of his Inftrudions, which was to difpofe them to

ceive favourably and give Ear to fome Minifters, which were

^tended to be fent amongil them to preach the Chriftian Li-

jty. The Brigadier lold them. Their good Mother the

fmnhad not only made this noble Provijion for clothing their

[Ww ; but Jhe would clothe their Souls atfo^ by the preaching

ftht GofpJ'y to tvhich End fome Preachers would be fent to in~

W them. To which one of the oldeft of the Sachems

dtkntv/tr^Tljat they mo/l heartily thanh'd their gracious good Indian

lum and Mother for the noble Clothes jhe had ordered for ^"^j ^^'-j-'

tm; ht as to the Preachers, th're had been fuch and fuch^'J^^ "" ' "*'

iming two or three, whom hfc iiad feen there or in New-

hrky who, injlead of preaching their pious Religion, taught,

ftm to drink-, and he was humbly tf Opinion^ that if their

d^ttn and Mithtr weuldfend thtm two or three Black-*

T 3 fmiths

iitnarics.

'§

"?('

■i''-' '
»■

^||:M

S f; ' ■

pj-

?: : to

Is-f ■■

ra^;^,^

■;rf

IS.' '''

' i ■ It

^1.

278 fthe Hi/lory o/'New-York.

y«j/VAi /tf inJiruSl them in working Iron' war i^ in which *hty%U(rt
very ignorant^ their People would be much more the better f
it than for any InJlruSiions from fitch Preachers. He faid thij
fo archly In his own Language, which was well interpretwl
to the Governor, that his Excellency could not help laugh
ing, and the D«ri<;n of the Miflionaries was fufpended at thaj
time. ' I

I fuppofe that very eminent Merchant and Magiftrate Sit
Gilbert //^tf/^f<7/ above-mentioned, was well acquainted witk
the Affairs of this Province, finding, among the Couw
fellors, Caleb Heathcot^ Efqj of his Family as well
Name.

The Jndiam ftill pay a great Refped to their Kings; buJ
I fufped very much what fome Writers fay, that they believd
the TranfinigrationofSouht and talk as learnedly of the Crcal
tion of the World as their Neighbours. They are everlaftlnJ
Dancers, given to all manner ofJmerican Sports and Gamel
ing, and will play all they have at Cards, which they have un^
happily learnt, as well as Drinking, of the Europeans-, and
^ am afraid, have fuffer'd more in their JVxorals by thefe two.

Vices, than they have been better'd by their Preaching)
They have certain Feftivals, or times fet a-part for theii
Gamings and Dancings. They don't take much Care 0]
their Drefs, in which they differ little from the New-Engkni
Indians j but their Women differ very much from thofe botl^
of Old-England^ and New- England^ and all Europe, Wheii
a Woman is with Child, fhe never admits the conjugal Em)
braces till Hie is delivered, and never while (he gives Suck ll
a Man diflikes his Wife, he turns her ofiF for the leaft Cfl
fence; to cuckold her Husband is fo little a one, thatn(|
Notice is taken of it, provided (he tells him or her Pareno
of it. If (he*s tum*d out of Doors for other Crimes, fliJ
carries away her Children in Revenge. Their Maids do no]
long keep that Name, as we underftand it, they lie wit!(
whom they pleafe before Marriage; but afterwards are con]
ilant to the Husband,

They give no Quarter in their Wars, but to Women 1
Children, whom they keep for Slaves; and, notwithftandio^
what we have read of their Wars in New-England, thofe a^
mong themfelves were rather Riots and Inroads. It wasi
bloody Battle with them, if 8 or 10 Men were killed, andi
mighty Prince who had 100 Subjeds. Then it was that w({
met with fo many Names of Nations; but then there wasg(
nerally a fupreme King over feveral of them, who unite
them againir ?. King of the like Charadter, when he was an
bput making War ypon tbem. One of the Kings, that Qmi

The Hijiory of New- York;

279

I J, Queen Annis Court, was of that Dignity j I faw them
I ,!ia5 much as I had mind to, in the Hoafe where they lodg'd,
\Cmnt-Gardeny and obferved that one of them aiTumed
j^j Aira, in Comparifon to the reft. There are not ;y. .
[5^0 Indian Men within the Province of New-Tor k^ and 8 S Eng.
L ,0000 Englijhmen^ by which the Number of Souls Engll/hy n^ -»<*
Lhin this Province, may be computed ^t above 50000. ''*^'*"»'
niiereis not much Talk of Profelytes to Chriftianity in any
MzEngliJh Colonies, except New-England, wh^-e there
itemore Chriftian than Infidel Indians. Their Miniiters
Lcrcin earneft, and made the moft of their Miflion. Not
one of them undertook it for the Hire, or t®ok any or very
liitle Hire for it, which naturally gave the Indians a favoura-
hle Opinion of their good Intentions, and the Stridtnefs of
Lir Lives were unqueftionable Proofs of the Truth of their
Do^rine, and the Sincerity of their Intentions. I will not
pretead to make any Comparifon between thefe and other
IMiiliooaries, and Aiall rejoice to hear there is no Room for it.

The Trade here in its Infancy was very large with the /»- '^r^'*
\limiioxSkinSi Elk\ Deer^ Bear\ leaver yOtter\ Rac-
land other rich Furrs, When I knew London firft, there
Iwerc 30 or 30 topping Furriers-Stops in tf^albfook^ PVatling-
jrttt ; ^nd I queftion whether there's now a tenth Part of them
[itleaftrowellaccuftom'd, tbatTraifick is fo very much de-
layed by -the DiTufe of Furrs and B€aver Hats. 'Tis almoft
Ithe whele Dcpendance of il.e Frtnch in Canada^ a barren
ICountry and wretched Climate ; and what elfe the Fren:h
Ijind there to renddr them fo \yealthy and puiflant, as they are
|i()inetimes reprefented, | want as yet to be inibrmed. As for
ILumber and Naval Stot«s, 'tis no more to be compared to
^tin-England than HudfoH*s Bay is.
The Indians fupply the Engiijh in the Summer with Venifon,
Filh and Fowl very cheap. The Trai^c from New-York to
|tbe Sugar Iflands, particularly Barbados^ which is very con-
jliderable, is in Corny Flower^ Bread^ ^^<f^ Fork^ Peafgy
bflw», Gammonsy Smoked Beefy AppleSy OnionSy Boardy Head-
L; for which they receive in Return 5«^flr, Molajfesy Runty
jCmffl-, &c. The New-York Merchants drive alfo a very
dmtageous Trade with Madeira and the Azores in Pipe-
Haves and Fiih, for which they load their S)iips back with
Vine and Brandy; and, generally fpeaking^ there's fcarce a
jore profitable Trade in the Britijh ComtSerce. I (aid, in ^ *"y '•-
Dy firft Edition, that I knew a Ship employed in the Voyage *'*'''*
etween New-Tor k and Madtira clear the Owners 3000 /.
|io lefs than two Years. It was the Anne of LonJeny coniign'd
ItoMr, William Boltony Mcrchint of Madtirtiy who, in 15

T+ Years

\ r

f '■■

i*'

p 1

4^ Y'^

■•I ■¥ J,

['■fli^'

280 Tie Hi/Iory of "New-York,

Years tine, got an Eftatc of 30000/. there j in all whi '
the Author was too much concern'd not to fpeak of it ^vith
Certainty. The firft Adventure, which, in this trading Vov.
age, had a neat Producfl of 3000 /. was not 500 /. and if there I
is no Revolution happened in this Trade fince he was ac.
quainted with it, and the Merchant has ^ithful Correfpon!
dents at Madeira and New-Tork^ he will perhaps be thankful I
for this Advertifement upon making the Experiment.

I ,. ■ ■

11- )

/!■■

'».

' 1

THN

(a8. )

I.I

THE

HISTORY

O F

NETF-JERSET.

HIS Province was Vzxto^ Kew-Belgia^ and foPj^'^f
treated of by Dehet, in hisHiftory of the mji-^'^'^^'^i^
Indiesy which was a very ufefiil curious Book
when it was firft publUhed, and long after. His

I lived all his Time in London^ and was many Years Book-

per to the Author's Uncle, Sir John Bawden^ orte of the
jroteft ^^-/«^/« Traders in that City or any other. De-
lirf's Hiftory is writ in very good Latin^ but is now obfolete; ^P^'^^r'^J^
' trica is now thoroughly known. The European Colo- w'eft- ndiw.

iare now powerful mtions, and the Indians every where
|few and contemptible, changed in Manners and Cufloms
om what they were in his time; fo are their Countries, and
very thing but the Climate. Capt. Hudfon difcover'd this
province, with the other Parts of NeK-Bilgia^ as is faid in
'<i(w-Tork ; but the Authors I copy'd did not, I doubt, e-
ough enquire into the Beginnings of this Difcovery; for 'tis
nolf certain that the Adventurers to Virginia, which includ-
d,at iirft, all the Continent from Canada to Carolina, knew
bis Coaft very well ; and Capt. Smith and Capt. Gojnold^
)h had been at Virginia, to the South of New-Jer/ey, and
:Ntw-England to the North of it, could not avoid coming
1 light of this Coaft, forwards or backwards.

1\[t Indians , who firft inhabited this Territory, were the
^iiraiicongs, on the North-Jidt of Raritan Kiver^ theCapi-
^Mfes, the Gacheos, the Senecaas, and the Maquaas on the
mth. Authors certainly miftake in the Names of thefe
Nations, they do not always write them alike, and the Ma^

^uaas

^% It '-Vi
u,M n- ■'■■■ i

■.■I

x]M

l-:^r

V*i

■I

.'U f.

282

7%e Hijlory <?/ New- Jei%.

<irf.

JS ^

quaai being the moft populous and powerful of them thJ
almoft always bring them into their Defcriptions. The S
caas inhabiced the firft Country, almoft as high as the F-
of that River.

SwedciAfr*. The firft Europians that fettled here were the Sweda vviu
had three Towns here, Chri/iiHa, called by the hdians A
dajiaka^ Elfimboiirg and Gottembourg. Their Settlctnenl
were chiefly on the South-fide of the River, towards PenA
vania, oppofite to which, there is a Place to this Day call!
Fort Elfmbourg. But the Swedes made very litrie of the
Plantations; and the Dutch, always induftrious in th&
Trade, work'd them fo far out of it, that Berghen, the n3
thern Part of New-Jer/ey, was almoft entirely planted
Hollanders,

King Charles II. inferted this Traft in his Grant of AtJ
Belgia to the Duke of Tork ; but the Englijh never made an
Settlement in it till feverai Years after they were in Pofleflic
of that Province, and had extended their Plantations. Tj)
Duke of York having inverted this Province by the Nan
Siviied inttOf Nova-Canarea, in John Lord Berkley and Sir Gt
tw»ProprU- Carteret', they or their Aflignees agreed to divide it incatv
Parts, denominated Eaft and Weft Netv-Jerfey^ which rJ
mained two diftind Proprieties and Governments feveri
Years.

Eaft NeW'Jerfey^ or that Part of it which borders on A/a
York, fell to Sir George Carteret^ whofe noble Family bcin
of the Ifle of Jerfey, I fuppofe this Proyince, on thatAJ
count, took its Name from thence. Weft New-Jerjtjy
thai Part of it which borders on Penfyhaniay fell to the LoJ
Berkley. This whole Province, containing the two Jerftji
is thus bounded : It has the Main Ocean on the SouMaJ
the Rifcr Delaware on the IVeJi^ Hudfonh River totbj
Eaji^ and the Main Land to the North. It lies betwe
39 and 40 Degrees N. Lac. and extends itfeif in Length 1
the Sea Coafts, and along Hudfon\ River 120 Miles, aod
almoft as broad as long, where 'tis broadeft. Wemuft nod
take fome Notice of the Provinces, as it was under the D|
vifion of Eaji and H^eji^ and was divided into two Pro
prieties.

The biggeft and moft inhabited of tbefe was EaJi Jtrjci
which extended Eajiuiard znd Northward all along the SnI
Coaft and Hudfon'& River, from Little Egg Harbour to 1
Part oi Hud/art's River which is in 41 Degrees N. Lat
Southward and IVeJhuard, was divided from JVeJi Jtrjej bJ
a Line of Partition paffing from Egg Harbour to Cri^\
River. Stany River, and the Smth Branch of Baritan mA

Eal New-
Jerfty.

3nudt,

Eaft Jerfey.

7he Wftory o/'Ncw-Jerfcy/

283

idtends in Length along Hudfon*s River, and on the

Its 100 Miles, in Breadth it is very unequal. It was di- Dlvlfun.

j into Counties, for which we Ihall fee there was little

"jfion, as Berghen County, Effex County, MiddUfex, on

tfJsrth'/idt of Raritan River, and Monmouth County on

xMhen County lies on Hudfon*^ River, ovcr-againft New- We'c'^e*

L and was firft planted of any Part of this Trad. This,^"""'-'*'

,nfell as the ouier Parts of the Jtrfcys^ is extremely well

Btcf'd with Rivers. Befides that of Hiidfon^ there are Hac"

ifkk River, Pafauk River, and fevcral lefs Streams. The

]Jef Town is Btrghen^ the Name of the capital City of Nor^

w, which gives me Reafon to doubt whether it was not

ther Danes than Swedes that firft planted here. There is

J other Town in the County, and this is but a forry one,

(the reft are out Plantations. Within the PrecinCls of this

fown are 1 0000 Acres of Land ca^ outy that is^ affigned

:by the Proprietor to Tenants in Fee j and in the County

earc loooo Acres caft out. Moft of the Inhabitants of

[Town are Dutch^ who, as we have hinted, worked out;

\^tdesot Danesy and have been fettled here about 70

Icvs. There are above 60 Houfes in this Town, which

i on the Weftern Point of a Neck of Land, which, with

m Ifland, forms a Zound.

I The Reader will find little in the Defcriptioii to fatisfy his

iiriolity. He will exped^ fonaething from the Title of Coun-

s; mi they are in a manner Vacuums. I (hould not eafily

icoant for this, confidering the Jerfeys have the Advantage

Ft more Southerly, and confequently a warmer Climate,

i New- England or New-Tor k. I take the chief Reafonsff^yf^^jer.

[this Province being more neglefted than thole, to be their f-^y* »»* <"*'

into the Hands of theStotSy who then were not fo *»•''''*'''

^ilng and commercial as they, have been fince, and

^ktriy who had not fuch a Head as Pen's for Trade and

iticks, m^ Jobber Sy or Proprietors, who procured Grants

fliirgeTrads from the Patentees, with Intention oqly to par-

Ithem out, that they might make the moft of them by Sale;

ireasthofethat wereiijterefted firft in New-Englandy New-

rif, Maryhnd and Virginia \yent thither in Perfon, and

erfaw {heir Settlements wel{ eftablifhed, or eqaploy'd thofe

M The Lord Sterling joWA New- Scot land znd Long ^

ii(/,ahd they came to nothing, till the latter being annex'd

I AW-Tiri, thrived under the Influence of that thriving

[tlaay. TUejfirfeys remaining ftiU in a Sort of neglciled

bndition, 'tis no Wonder fuch as, have a Mind to fettle on

Northtrn Ccniintni prefer Ptn/ylvaniei and Carolina to

thii

:^i•fi■

;vi ;i

< 1

m4 .'1

^^S'"i'W^.

J h

s84

Hoe Hijlory ^^ New- Jer/cy.

Etizabeth

V this Province, thcfe Countries being ftill more Somhcrl
were fruitful and pleafant. *

Z^ixCfnty. j^jj-fx CouHty is of Note chiefly for Elizabeth Town wh i
is three Miles within a Creek, oppofite to the tVejllund
Staten Ijland. Here the firft Englijh Settlement was mad
and if any Place in the Jtrfeys may be faid to have thrived
it is this; for notwithftanding the Endeavours of the Pronrje
tors to make a Capital of Ptrth^ by calling it a City, fj/g-.
beth Town has near fix times the Number of InhabitanJ
containing above 250 Families, and 40000 Acres of LaJ
caft out. Here the Proprietors have a Plantation whicJ
goes by the Name of their Farm. The Government d
the Province is here managed. Courts are kept, AfTcmbliJ
held, and the greatcft Part of the Trade of the Colony car]
ried on.

Ntwark is the moft compaft Town in the Jerfeys, [I
lies ^ or 7 Miles Northward from Elizabeth Town coni
tains about 100 Families, and has about 50000 Acres laid oj
to be cultivated. The Wiftern Part of this County is wal
tered by Rockway River, upon which is a Saw- Mill. 7J
Tradis of Land on this River are ftill to be laid out tl
Purchafers as in thefe Parcels, 1250 Acres, 2900 Acrei]
1250 Acres, 2100 Acres on this River, zndPajfaukK\n\
and 3750 Acres on Rockway a.nd fVhippany Rivers, 750
Acres on the Branches of Pajfauk-^ alfo more 500 Acrti
and 1250 on the Riyer itfelf. And Noithward is a Ridg]
of Mountains, called the Blue Hills. The next County is

Middlejex^ the moft fiouri(hing and populous ."or its 0«
Plantations, tho' the Capital of the Country, Perth City
which {lands in it, does hardlv defer ve the Name of a Vill
lage. The Proprietors order'd their Agents to ufe their ut]
xnoft Endeavours to procure Inhabitants to remove hitl
on Account of its happy Situation j but Elizabeih Town kq
them. In thb Divifion of the Province arc two Towa
Pifcataway, which lies about 6 Miles up Raritan Rive
It has 80 Families and 40000 Acres of Land caft out. Sevei
or eight Miles from hence is ff^oodhridge, a good Towni
a Creek within the Sound, formed by Staten Ijland and tk
County. It has 120 Families, and 30000 Acres for Oa
Plantations. Toe ff^e/iern Part of Middle/ex County is wa]
ter'd by Mdjfm River, which runs through a pleafant ValJ
ley belonging to Mr. William Dotkwra of London^ to wh
London owes the ufcful Invention of the Penny-Poft. Moll
of the Proprietors being Scnfmen^ and among them the Earj
of Perth, who receiv'u the very great Honour from Kin
James at St. Germans in France to be created Duke, at tb

Expend

kAiddlefex.

• n^ Hijlory of Ncw-Jerfey.

285

more Somhcriafjent rh

c rfncc of the Ruin of himfclf and his Family. To com-

ient fhis noble Perfon, the City of Perth was fo called,

^\ ,j tnCi\y of a Piece with the Proprietor's Dukedom,

tavinc but 30 or 40 Houlcs, which ftanding on y/m^oy Point,

. Oty has that Adjundl in its Name, and is called Perth rmhAm^

\ji kcv. 'Tis at the Mouth of the River Raritan^ which ''"y*

I "into Sandyhook Bay, able to contain 500 Shins. Wc

llifarof that very often in the Jmtrican Bays and Harbours,

where there's hardly ever like to be a hundredth Part of that

iKuoiber. The Plan of this City was laid out very regularly

y fpacioufly. The Plot of Ground was divided into 150

Shares for Purchafers to build upon. Four Acres were rc-

Iferved for a Market-place, and three for publick Wharfage,

ijyufcful things, if there had been Inhabitants, Trade and

lipping- The Town being thus artfully and commodioufly

id out, fome Scots began building, efpecially a Houfj for a

iovernor, which was then as little wanted is the Wharf or

[arkei. The whole Plan of the City conlifts of 1070 Acres, ,

id there are two good Roads from it to Pifcattaway and

ybridgt. Ships in one Tide can come up to the Pore,

d be at the Merchant's Doors, tho' of 300 Tons Burthen 1

.t the Ptrth Ciry has not abcve 2 or 300 Men, Women

id Children in it^ yet all along the River Raritan theCoun-

b thick of Plantations, the Chief of which were fee out

two of the Proprietors, Robert Barclay of AV;-, Efq^ and

r. William Dodwra, before-mentioned. Mr. Barclay is

a ^mows Scotch S^uakevy an Author who wrote a Defence

i^kerifm in beiler Latin than any of his Anfwerers could

}a(l. Near the Branches of this River are laid out now

ir Sale 1250 Acres.

In Monmouth County we firft meet with Mlddleton^ a pretty Monmouth.
I Town, as Towns go in Jerft%\ it confifts of too
ifes, 30000 Acres of Out PiuKtatlans, *Tis about 12
les over l.ind to the Norrihwa-d oi Shrewsbury, and i6
Ues to the Southward of Ihicmttaway^ not far ofr the
frc, winds itfelf about like i Hook, and hemgfandy, gives
ame to all the Bay. Oci Mlljion River and Stony Brook
now laid out for Sale dsoo Acres.

Shrewsbury is the moft Southern Town of the Province, shrewibury .
d reckoned the Capital of the Shire. It contains about
io Families, and has 30000 Acres of OutPlantations belong-
to it. 'Tis fituatcd on the Side of a Frejh IVater River^
ce called Shrewsbury River, not far from its Mouth,
ween this Town and Middleton is an Iron-fVork j I add
my firft Edition, but we do not under/land it has been any
«/ Btntfu to tbi Proprleton, Since I wio:c that, I have

4 . myfelf

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CfTren-
Works.

ne H'Jlory of New- Jcrfey.

nwfclf had fome Concern in a Project for htn Works J
Virginia^ which did not fail for want of Iron Stone^ or F?
ing, or in any Article of founding or forming the MetJ
which anfwered to the full of oqr moft flattering Expc^b
tions } and if the Iron- Works in New-Ewland, Nm-Ta
Txid Ntw- J erfty, which we have fpoken of asTriftcs J
as well fuppiied \yith Materials as ours would have beeai
Virginia^ they muft have mifcarried pnly through the Ign
ranee or Lazinefs of the Managers ; for there may csrtaiol
be Iron enough made in the Brityh Colonies to fupply
, Europe. The only ObftaCles I have ever yet heard of j
the Duty and the Freight, which are eafily got over, andttL
Prohibition of manu^during the Metal at the Forge her]
yrhich is not ia eafily got over i but there may be vi^ays W
out for accommodating that too, as well as Freight and M
Col. Ltwis Morris^ one of the Counfcllors of this Prov J
in Qpeen Anne*s Reign, began the building of a Churchj
the Falls of Raritan River. I do not hear how it iffucdl
fuppofe in fupplyine the Place with a Mioifter. Mygc
Wiflies are with all the Miflionaries ; but I have koo
fo many of them that may perhaps wrong the reft, in 1
Opinion, of both their Morals and Abilities, efpecially io
Continent Colonies, where the Income is not genei^y]
large as to tempt worthy Men to undertake the Mii&o
Freehold \s a little Town, not long laid out and inhabited,
has about 4.0 Families, and an equal Share of Om< Plaritatiti
with the other Townfliips.
K»Churthts There are few or no Pariih Churches in this Provino
but there are Congregations of C/^arcA of England Menl
Shrewsbury^ Amloy and Elizabfth Town. The leading Mq
of this Colony being Quakers, or Scotch or Englj/h Diifente
they did not make it their firft Work to build Churches!
Bpifcopal Preachers. Doubtlefi as they became, or may I
come more enlightened, they will fet about that Work^
find proper Encouragement from the Society for propa^,
the Go/pel. At Freehold there is already fettled an orthodox 1
nifter, who has 60 L a Year ^ and there is aUb anotibo:]
Salisbury, who has a Church and the like Income.

Pf^e/l NeW'Jer/ey is not divided into Counties, tho'
Daniel Cox, who was the Proprietor of it, diredied tbcbj
ing of it into feven Counties, Cape May County, Gkuci^
County, ^c. not worth naming, having never hadaBeii
his Succedbrs not going on with the Pcojedt. Thi$[
Cox was of the CoUege of Phyficians, and, in his flourilhit
time, had as good Pra<5lice as thoie Podors who b%ven(^
thcbefl, tho' Fees were not then foh^h. His Wife 1
"■ ' Daughtj

Weft New-
Jerfey.
Dr. Cox

froprittQU

1^ Hfjlory o/New-Jcrfcy.

Daaebter of Alderman Coldham of Tooting, with whom he
u hrft and laft, upwanis of 40000/. and a good Part of
Je'firft was laid out io this Propriety and Carolina near the

#> which Proijied foiling, as has been faid, the Dodor

fo ftreightencd by it, th^ he refolved to remove to
fdl'Jer/ey, and qiaDage his Propriety himfelf. Accordingly
■ Yet out ior the Weft of England, intending to embark at
Mmafh, contrary to the Opinion and Confcnt of his Fa-
Igily and Friends, whofe Hopes were not fo much flattered

Expcdations from this Country as his own were. A Gcn-

jian, who was a Friend of mine, went after him, at their

{{(jueft, having great Influence over him, and overtaking

\^ at Salisbury^ prevailed with him to return, and give over

Dcfign ; which however he would not have done, had

not tnet with foroe good Purchafers in a little time after,
iio bought of him as much Land in JVeJi New-Jerfey as

rpaid him near iooqc/. for in London, which, at zol„

100 Acres, will amount to 500000 Acres. Sir Ihomas
\tiiy afterwards Lord Mayor, was one of thefe Purchafers,
\ all of them making the Purchafe with a View of getting

Sales to under Purchafers, and not to go thither to plant

to trade, the high Price they demanded to make their
iatket by it balkt thefe Sales,and confequently the Settlements
«i Plantations in this Country. There is, at this time, a
^celno lefs than of <;ooo Acres bordering on Cox'% Lands
I Advertifmcnt for Sale.
The moft Eafitrly Point in this Diftrid is Cape May, %

• Mouth of Delazvare River, and over-againft Suffix Coun-
(■^Penfylvania. A fine Situation for the Plealantnels and
(Ttiliiy of the Country, and for foreign Trade. TheTra<5t
[Land between this and Little Egg Harbour, which divides
\iift and Weji NcW'Jerfey, ftill fcveral Proprieties, tho' one
joyernment, goes by the Name of Cape May County ; but

inojurifdidion nor Officers. Here are fevcral ftraggling
poufes on the Neck of Land, the Chief of which is called
WiHall, and does or did lately belong to Col. Thomas Cox^
jie Doctor's Son. Moft of the Inhabitants are Firtiermen,
|iere being a Whalery at the Mouth of the Bay, on this, as

as the oppoliic Shore. Next to Cape May is Mauna

Uer, the biggeft in the Diftrid, Next to that is Cohenzyy

Ifimli River; but deep and navigable for fmall Craft. Ten

' twelve Miles up the River is Cahenzy Town, where are

Jt 80 Families. The Bay and River of Delaware wafliss

{(lie South' Ea/i, South mA South- fVeJl Part of IVeJi New-

\ff[tj. The Plantations, fome of which are fo clofe, that

e/lttve alliimed che Name of the Town, lie all along on

that

287

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Hie Hiflory of New-Jerfe.y

Ikf

WHP

that Bay and River^ and moft of them on Creeh. ThI
Diftrid abound^ with Rivers and Creeks, and every thij
convenient and pleafant for People and Life, but not witi
People. New-Tork on one Side, and Penfyhania on the t
ther, fuck away the Nourifliment, \Vhich might elfe {^
this Plant, the Soil being equally fruitful, and all other Con
veniencies anfwerable.

* Antioch^ a little Village,' caird alfo a Town, lies on a Cr J
Gibbon* s Creek is nearer the Mouth of Delaware River • \\1
Alloway Creek ; then Fort Elfembourg at the River's Mouth
and over-againft NewcaJiU County in Penfyhania, Near i
the River Salham falls into the Delaware. There's a Tov
about half way up this River, from whence it takes
Name, which feems moft likely to be Salem^ not only froi
that noted in JVky-fi'w^/tfff^/, but being Scriptural, which wi
pretty much afFcded by Adventurers in the firft EngUjhM
tlements. 'Tis 20 Miles from Cohen%y^ and had Countie
been, fettled, as was intended, this Place was to have give
Name to one of them.

FinH Point and Town, hardly fizcable with an indifFeren
Village, lies over-againft NewcaJiU Town. Next to it
Naman Creek, then Racocos Creek, then Almon Creek, ,_
Jfland, and Wajh Creek; the latter oppofite to Chtjltr\
Penfyhania-^ then Great Mante Creek, then WoodberryM
ver, Gr//»-Bank, and then Gloucejier Creek, over-againf
Philadelphia ; a delightful Country, healthy and commodio
for the Bufinefs and Pleafure of Life. Gloucefhr is a prett
good Town, and was to have given Name to a Counn
had the Shiring of this DiftriiSt gone forwards. It contaii)
above 100 Houfes. Above that is Panthakin Creek; the
■urlington, Northampton^ or Racocos River, and then Burlington Towj
the Capital of the Province, over-againft Bri/lol, ia Penjji
vania ; 20 Miles above which there are few or no PknJ
tions. Here the Courts and Aftemblies of ff^e/i Jerfty M
to be kept, when it was a Proprietary Government ; and?
might have been fo ftill,had not Difappointment put fotne Pe
fons out of Humour with others, and carried Matters to fuel
a Hdgth, that their readieft way to Peace was to furreode
their Rights and Privileges to the Crown. It contains ab
250 Families, and has an anfwerable Number of Acres la
out for Plantations. The Houfes are well built, and ain
all of Brick. The Market affords Plenty of all forts of Pn
vifions, which are as good here as any where in Ammci
Ketth^ the Quaker Convert to the Church of England, w
turned from thence hither, and a Church being built, 1
Minifter was feccled here, Mr. Joifn Talbot, who had 60J

a Year]

Tffe ilifloty of Ncvr-Jerfcy. 289

I'lYegr; and the Church, I know not whether confecrated
\^][(ith or Talboty had a Dedication to the Virgin Mary^
Loflf the People there were edify'd by it I know not. Above
this Town is one much Ids, caWcd Maidenheady containing
iliout 50 Houfes. Tis built on Dr. Cox's Lands. Above
\^ falls there's a Town ftill lefs than that, with Out Plan-'
Lww, bordering on the Afinifinis, an IndiaK Nation. The
River jS/op"^ between this Province and Nnv-Torky flows
!0 Hudfon*s^vr txncsiX King/ion.

Tiiis Province has alfo an eafy Communication with Mary- ^4r Cunm
y^ there being a River within its Limits, which runs not^J'JJ'Jj^,
jbove 8 Miles from the Bottom of Chefeapeak Bayj and land mi
^ere was once a Projed to cut thro' it 8 Miles j but my Au-^«w-York,
jilior fays, Virginia and Maryland oppofed it fo vehemently,
tirdidnot fucceed; and what they fhould have it cut for,
tiiere were People to make LJfe of their Canal, I can
more comprehend, than how they would have raifed the
oney to defray the Expence, when they had fo many more
iceiTary Calls for it otherwife.

Tiie Trade of lyejl New-Jerfey and Eojl New-Jerfey^ as
Ifo the Soil and Conveniencies of Rivers and Creeks, are
ich the fame, except that IVeJi New-Jerfeyy by its Situa-
]'!iQn Delaware "Rxstr^ abounds more in the latter. The
I Air, Trade and Produ(ft of both have a near Relation
ith chofe of Penfyk " ' ^ The Country yields Plenty of all
f(s of Grain, and . (habitants are faid to have been (b
upulous, that they would not enter upon it before they had
chafed it of the Indians, at no very dear Rate. 'Tis^umherof
iputed that they are about 16000 Souls, and about ^ooo inhaUtanu*
len fit to bear Arms. There are not 200 Souls among the
im of this Province. Indeed neither here nor clfewhere,
(he Brittjh Empire, are the Indians of any Account, un-
inCnojuftion with thcFrenchit Canada^ or the Spaniards
Fkida. The Indians are now rather Help than Hurt to
hiJifDy and here efpecially they wifli there were more
theni.

Befides Provifions for the Sugar Iflands, the Inhabitants
IveaTrade in Furs and Skins, and little in Tobacco j but
would be well if the Colonies cultivated that lefs, and Pro-
ion more, or any other Commodities that are fit for Mar-
j, which are much clog'd by the Produft of our To-
icco Plantations. They fliip off Train Oil, Fifh, Corn and
other Provifions for Portugaly Spain and the Canaries.
may be built at Perth -^ but New-England engrofles that
le, and has the beft and the moll Materials for it : And it
be owned, that Ntw-Tork is the beft Market A/m-

U J^rfe,

f-'^^lwHi

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^90 ^ Bifhty if New-Jcr%.

Jsrfiy Iws for buying J9fi4 Miipg m CqnWers»Ue (Wi.
of Goo(i5 of «ny kip4. ^

JHgying $nia>«i theCXfogisipluQa jwd Merandle Part
our HiApry Qf this PcpwiG^ we mi&> enlarge a Uttle up
tUeEyents.

About i^e Year 1^74;, the L<w:4 Btrkefy a0igaed his Rj.
in thU Province to

Second Pu- mUtam Pen^ Efqj

^r^ri-ri *. ^j. Q^^^ Laurie^ of £<»«io»7. Merchant.

Mr* Ntchslas Lvcas, of Londotty Merchant.

Mr. M4w(^rd Biflling.

Th€;fcj not long after, i^grecd upon tie Partition of
Province with Sir Garge CarUret ; an<J this Proprictf rv 1
ing, the Earl of Bath, a near Rdation, and others of .
Executors, wkh the Confent of his Lady, a%ne4 over!
Share, which was the Northern Divifion, to

* William Pen, Efqj
Robert mjy Efq;

* Mr. Thomas Rudyard,
Mr. Samjiel Grovt,

^ Mr. Thomas Harty

* Mr. Richard Mewy

Mr. Thomas Wilcox,
Mr. Ambrofe Riggy
Mr. Hugh Hartjhortiy

* Mr. Clement Plumjltd^

* Mx. Thomas Cooper,
Mr. John Hayard.

The Proprietors, fbon after, fold Sharos of Eaft Nn
Jer/ey to the following Perfons:

fames Drummond,E. oiPefth.

hhn Drummondy Efq;
>ir George Mackenzie^
Robert Barclay,!, rjj vcr,^
David Barclly,i''^^'y^^'^'''
Robert Gordon, Elq;
Mr. Robert Burnet,
Mr. Gawen Laurie,
Mr. Thomas Nairn,

Mr. James Braine^
Mr. William Dockwra^
Mr. Peter Sonmam^
Mr. WtUiam Gib/on,
Thomas Cox, Efq;
Mr. Walter Benthal,
Mr. Robert Turner,
Mr. Thomas Barker,
Mr. Edward Bylling.

Who, with the fix Proprietors diilinguiflied in the k
X^ift by thp Ajlerifms, procured a Confirmation of the
ient, by another from the Duke of Tork^ in the Year \i\
by which they were invefted with all the Powers and Pn
Iqges, which the Duke bad granted to Sir Gmgt Carh
or which the King had graiu«d to hjs Brother. By t
hifk wp jper«eiv^ tba$ aU ^ PAUimw of the Uti Bo

Tie Hiftory ^N«w-Jerfey. ^91'

uj pivifion, or Wtft New-Jerfey were Proprietaries of
M iiiW'J*rfeyy except Mr. Nicholas Lucis ; yet they did
jot procure any ConjundUon of the two Provinces. On
Je contrary, feparate Govanoft were appointed over each
nfthed. The firft Governor of £q/i Nau- J erfeyw as Ro- Robert Bk*
ifft Bar^^^h ^% *"** ^^ Deputy Gawen Laurie, Efq; ^^y> ^M
Among thefe rroprietaries are feveral extraordinary Per- olwen ua-
joflsbefides the Lord Perth, as Robert Weji, Efq; the Law- rice, Ef^i
L who diftinguiflied himfelf by the execrable Evidence he ^'^"'-''^^'^
[Lve againft the moft noble and moft beloved Lord RuJfeU eIa "isr^
IJj Aflertor of and Martyr for EngUpi Liberty* Here's ^/- Jcrfty.

\lm P'"> '^* ^^'^ °^ ^*^* fakers in Bngla-nd, and ^e^^r*

h^^f/<yij the Head of the fakers in Scotland and Ireland i

lind at the fame time, y^^w Archdale the ^aker, who was

Icbofcn Member of t^arliament for Wycombe, was a Proprie-

[(uyof C<7r«/iitf. Mr. Barclay came hither in Perfon with

L Family. Moft of the firft Inhabitants here were /)^«-

L; and nioft of them fakers and Baptijlsy an induftri-

ifober Prople, and therefore the fitter for Enterprifes that

1 chieliy upon Induftry and Oeconomy. The People

je are ftili Nonconform\/is for the moft Part; but *tis to

[hoped, if they bad had Miftionarics from the Society, that the

Parity of their Dodrine and Lives would have gone a good

(sy to reconcile them to the Act of Conformity. My Author

pfifluates, that the Inhabitants were afraid of building Paridt

Churches, left it might be a Temptation to orthodox Mini-

Sersto come and take Pofteilion of them ; but that is an out

bf the way Confideration.

The Proprietaries made Mr.' IVilllam DocJ^wra'^egi^er and
(cretary of the Colony, Offices which he had above 30
Jfears, and Mr. George Lockhart Marflial. They alfo exe-
Joted a Deed among themfelves to prevent Survivorfliip, and
reed upon Confiitutiods or general Conceflions for the
bagement of the Province, as to laying out Land for
(;»»//«, Tribes, Totvns and Parijhes, about which they have
ot yet had much Employment. They referved one Part in
ven for themfelves, and they might have referved one Pare
I two if they would, for any Likelihood of their being cue
ut by a Croud of new i'^mcrs. It will always be fo, when
froprietors oi American Countries do mind more the laying
It Land for planting, than encouraging Planters by their Ex-
Dple. People, unlefs driven by Perfecution and Oppreffion,
illnotcrofs theAtlaniick for other Mens Advantage. The
[ermsof Purchafe here were promifing enough, if the main
lings had not been wanting. Inhabitants and Traffick.
Ivirji Mafttr of q Family was to fmve 50 Acres ftt out, attdCmiWnm

^JSalu

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Lo'd Neal

Campbel,

Civernor.

fhe Hifiory of New- Jerfey.

2$ for his Wife', and each of hh Children and Strvant
paying 12 d. a Head to the Regijier\ Servants^ wbenthe
Times exfired, were to haf^e 30 Acres. All Per fans to *
a d an Acre ^it-Rent, or purchafe their Freeholds at cq
for every 2 5 Acres taken up. I am afraid much has not goi
at thefe Rates, tho' I was told that Land has been fold fi
70 and 80/. an Acre. I wifli the Proprietors would ft
every Acre, tho* at Icfs than a tenth Part of it.

A Council was nominated to affift the Governor, or Di
puty Governor. The latter, Mr. Laurie did not give Col
tent in Mr. Barclay's Abfence, being a Proprietary of /f;
New- J erf y^ it was thought he had the thriving oftiiati
trid tx ^ ^ at Heart than that of Eafi New-Jerfey^ where
had i\< overnment before Mr. Barclay's Arrival. It is tm
tioned f.s an Inftanceof it, that the Proprietaries having wr
ten to him to remove the Courts from Elizabeth Town
Perth^ and to make that Place the Governor's Refideni
that People might be encouraged to build by his Prefeni
Mr. Laurie difobeyed thefe Orders, and kept the Courts
his Refidence at Elizabsth. The Proprietaries flattered thi
felves that if, in Obedience to their Orders, he had removi
thither, Perth would, in a few Years, have rival'dA^^
Tork and Philadelphia ; but they confidered not that M
York had been poflefTed by the Dutch 40 Years, and evi
one knows the Dutch do not leave any Place they fettle in
long without full Improvement. As for Philadelphia^ tl
Charadter and Intereft of Mr. P<r», his immenfe Applicatii
and Expence exceeding many times the Value of the Proprji
ty of New'Jerfey^ were Advantages the latter could in
wife pretend to ; and defpairing to fee their City of Perth
any Proportion to the Town of Philadelphia and New-Ywi
the Inhabitants of this Province have difcontinued buildi
there.

After Mr. Barclay came hither, ho flay'd not long, ai
on his Arrival, the Lord Neal Campbell Uncle to his Grai
the prefent Duke of Argyle^ was nominated Governor,
wbofe time the AlFertor and Denyer of ^takerifm^ Gn
Keitht came to New-Jerfy^ and taught School here.
Government appointed him Surveyor-General^ which wi
have been a very good Place, had there been good Laf\
out. He flaid here two or three Years, and then removed
fomc other Britijh Colony, and from thence to Enik
where he declared himfelf orthodox-^ abufed his old Friends
Beneftidors, and became beneficed in Sujfex. Mr. Ji
Reed fucCeeded him in New-Jerfeyi^s Surveyor-General;
Come time after Ktith returned in the Service of die^mi

.7}?e Hiftory g/* New-Jerfey.

ui^gaiing the Gofpely who fent him to convert as well the
%Mtri as the Indians^ and he made an equal Progrefs in
'^ If 'tis rightly faid in the Society Paper, that he brought
to the Churchy which was more than be did in Old

295

^ the Year i^p6, Col. Andrew Hamilton was appointed ""^Andrevir
iyernor of this Province, in which Poft he did not long "ownol-"*
itinue; for in the next Year Mr. Jeremy Baffe was fent
^ England with this Character, which he alio kept but a
ie while i for Col. Hamilton procured Mr. Ba/fe to be re-
and himfelf reinftated in his Government, which was
of as fliort Duration as BaJJe's, who alfo. in a Year's
or lefs, was reftor'd. Such Confufion in the Conduft
both proprietaries and Governors did not put their AfFairs
ird in their Colony ^ yet People did purchafe here and
• and Lands near the Coaft and Towns bore a pretty
Price at this time. Tho' the Majority of them were
iki, who afled a peculiar Tamenefs of Spirit ; yet a Mi*
has been fbrm'd, and, at a Mufter above 50 Years ago,
,00 ftout Men appeared in Arms, Col. Thomas Coxy Son
Dr. Cw, being then Commander.
We have been fpeaking of Ea/l New-Jer/ey, while a fe«
ite Government from ff^e/i New-Jerfey^ and we muft
fpcak of the brier.
The firft Governor of this Diftrid was Edward Bylling^ Edmund
j; one of the Proprietaries, who was put into that Of- |y!''"i'»
1 in 1683, and continued in it fevcral Years. After which „„ofv/\T
greatelt Part of the Province was fold to Dr. Danieiffsvcjet-
before-mentioned, who took the Government into his '^y*
D Hands, and was about to remove thither, as has been
ited, as has alfo the Sale of very large Trades of his Land
Sir fhomas Lane and others, who made very little of their
chafe, and were heartily weary of it, as I very well knew
m their own Mouths : However their Difcouragements did
arife from any Defeds in the Country, which is as firuit-
and delightful as any we have hitherto treated of, and as
imodious for Commerce. That was noc what thofe Pur-
fers aim'd at ; they were in hopes that others would have
e thofe Experiments, and have paid well for what they
bought. In which being diiappointed, it created ill
amongft them, and, after that, 'twas not likely that
Province, under fluctuating Government, would ever
jWer the Charge and trouble it might put them to ^ fo the
irietors refolvcd to try how they might better therofelves
parting with their Liberties and Privileges, which were
lefj valuable, for the Wane of People to enjoy them.

V 3 The

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2'94 Hlbe Hifiory 0/ New- Jerfey.

The Proprietors of Ea/i Niw-Jerfiy underfllandmg in «a,
Dirpofition thofe of the othwr Partkion were, as toS
Surrender of their Charter to the Crown, thought it might
well be of fome Advantage to them as to their Neiebbou
and both Eaji and Weji New-Jerfey being agreed upon tL
Ttit Chgiter Matter,, on the 22d of ^jftri/, 1 70a, Sir Thonai Ltm
inrftnM'i, the Name of the Proprietaries of ^5^ Mw-yflr/iy, j^l
William Dockwra^ in the Nawe of the Piiopiietarie&of «>
New-Jerfey^ furrender*d their Patents for the two feoai
Government?, referving their Rights to the Soil and Sec
xncncs. Queen Anne immediately appointed the' Lord Ca
hury to be Governor, and his Lordflnp made the lateGoiL
nor, Mf . Jeremy Bajfe^ his Secretary. The two Proving
which had, till then, been feparate Jurifdidions, became uoil
ed, and goes by thcNameof A^nw-y/ry&y, which is govcn
like the Bugar Ijlandi^ by a Governor^ Council and AlFmbi
The Governor choofes his Council out of each u^
and appoints a Lieutenant-Governor. I have no manner t
Notion that the Value of Propriety roie upon the partji
with the Charter j and this Colony, which is now annex'd 1
the Government of New-Torky is in much the fame Cone
lion as it was 30 Years ago. A Year or two after the Sq
render, Serjeant Hook purchafcd 3750 Acres of Land
Weji Jerfey, ^and gave the tenth Part of it as a Glebe to tL
Church. He was a Presbyterian ; but I fuppofe G/^ Ar is]
confident with that Denomination as any other. So
thoufand Acres is very ftxmding j but loa/. Stock in5«
Scoy Anno 1720, would hove purchafed it. At that
this Province was iJhder thefc Ofl&ccrs,

E^ard T ord Vifconnt Cornhury, Governor,

Richard Ingoldsby, Efqj Lieutenant-Governor.

Letvis Morris, Efq;

Col. Andrew Browne^

Thomas Revel, Efqj

Francis Davenport, E(q;

William Pinhorn, Efqj r Counfellors,

Wtlitam Sandfordy Efq;

Ceorge Deacon, Efqj

Daniel Leeds, Efq;

Col. Robert ^arry,

Peter Sonmans, Merchant,.

Secretary and Regifter Mr. Wtlliam Dockwra.

Governor's Sccrcury, Mr. Jereny Balft*

^e Hijtory ^Ncw-Jcrfcy.'

Having mentioned feveral Parcels of Land to be fold in this
Iprovincc, I Ml add, in the Weft New-Jerfey^ Pahatkunk
(ieek 250Q Acrss. Paquais Creek a Branch of the Dila-
mt. 1313 Acres more, 1250 Acres on both Sides of the
(JJ, Upon the Side of Delaware Bay is a Parcel of 1 25 o
Aa0) 2^ Teckhockangkunih Creek 2^00 Acres, more 5000
jlcres, and on the Branches of that Creek 2500 Acres, on
Umian Creek 1250 Acres, and on ^«j/(iimiM7 Creek 1250
j^es. The Proprietors Agents are John Budd^ Efq; at
^tiver^ a little Town fo called, on the Creek H^ippany^
ijucbgave Nfame to it formerly ; John Acading oi Amweit^
^fq; and Mr. James Steely of Philadelphia^ unlefs any
laoge has happened in the Regency;
'^eVtowinceof NeW'Jerfey having been fer feveral Years
pjrt of the Government of ^«;-3^ri, the Climate, Soil, Pro-
l^od and Trade much the fanle, it does not appear need-
to enlarge upon it in a particular Chapter, unlefs more ex-
rdinary Events had happened there. Confiderable Recruits
jtofk have ai'i^ed^hbre ft6rA'£tifopi finccthle- fbiiner Ira-
Eon, and'every Article of itsScatis and Conditibn i»inu(Jk
jafed and improved, ^ich U as^ mucb as We can> (ay of
in general. Of the Tfade of thi» Province and A^^n;-
I, Governor /i/»»i^^ reported in therYear 1720, that they
no Manufadhires there thait deferved mentibning, and
tlieir Tradd confifted dlMefl^ iu Furs, Whaiebontfy Oil^
itch, i'ar and ProvifionSi , '"
The Incrcafii bfthtt^TV^e artd^ Produce of this Province
ly be judged by thdt 6f its Number of Hands, efpocially
[(groes, which are ten times as many as when' thi^ Hiftbry
Hrfl; publfdied, iMbmuch thttt- lately there was a Confpi*
of the Slaves in Som&feU County on Ratiton River^
ich was difcoveif'd. Tlifey" intended tb get together at a
le appointed, to murder* aH the white People there, and
n to make their Efcaptf, M4th whtft Arras^ Provifiofts and
ler things they could catpy with them, in order to go and
:1c in fome Place of Security up th© Country. Abour 50
tiie Plotters were apprehended,' one only hanged, probably
caufe they could not \^11' i^M afty more; they punifli^d
le reft by cutting off" the l^s of (bme, and whipping.
bte.

This Provice is now a fe^arate Government ftoxo^iw-ytrki,
nd the prefcnt Governor is Lewis Morriiy Efq; who had
en fo unworthily treated' by Mt. Cosby^ as has been beforo.
dated.

U 4

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295

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( 296 )

THE

-> , f ... .

H I S T O R

O F

PENS Y L V A N I A^

TH I S is one of the moft confideraWe of mxAmt,
rican Colonics ; and for the few Years that thj
TnGt of Land, which goes by this Name, U
been inhabited, none has thrived more^ nor i
more rich and populous. The late Proprietary Mr. fp'illia„
Pen, was the Son of Sir JVilliam P*n, who commanded thj
Englijh Fleet in Conjundion with other Admirals in the timj
of the^«»7/>,whom Oliver fent with Col. Fenahies toHifpaniM
tnd tho' that Expedition failed through the Condudt of f^f
nables^ yet Admiral Pen is generally (aid to have behave
well. He was a ftrong Independent, and fo continued till
the Refioratien ; whos finding Religion ^nd Liberty at the Mer]
cy of their Enemies, he very quickly made his Peace witli
King Charlejy and his Brother the Duke of York j but hi]
Son, the younger IVtlliam Perfy. bore his Teftimony againl
the Church zi its very firft Appearance in Pomp and Power]
He was a Student at Chri ft churchy Oxon^ when an Order an .
down thither,after theKing was reftoredjthat theSurpIicefhoulij
be worn, according to the laudable Cuflom of ancient tine
It was a Sight then at Oxford, and young Mr. Pen having
engaged the. Lord. 5p*;»f/r, his Fellow-Collegiate, afterward
that great Politician, Robert Earl of Sunderland^ and foQ
Other young Gentlemen, to join with them, they fell upoul
theStudents that appeared in Surplices, and pulled themeveryl
where over their Heads \ upon which both Lord ^im
and Mr. Pen were fent for by their Parents to London^ and
from thence went to France together, with Intention to traj
yd frr two or three Years j but at Turin Mr. Pm received a[

Letter

Tfje Hiftory o/Tenfylvania.

297

j^fro© hii Father Sir Willtam to return home, the Duke
^Yurk^ Lord High AUmiral, having pitch'd upon him to
(oDimand the Fleet under him, and his Son's Abfence would
^ that time have been very inconvenient for his Family. But
^\\]0lam Pen did not long enjoy his high Scation, and dy-
ing in the Weft Country, where he was born, was buried in
jj^f/iyChurch in Brijlot^ having, in Reward of his Services,
laJa Promife of the Grant of this Country from King '*«*''"'"
i;yUs II. Sir miliam had a Kinfman, who was one oi^^^^'^
^ firft planters at Nrw- England^ and it was, doubtlefs. Pen.
frooi him that we had exad); and particular Information of
tiie Advantages that might be made of Land's and Settle-
DienK in this Continent of America ; but young Mr. Pen
liiviflg filled h's Head with ^akerijms, did not for fome
Years apply himfelf ftrenuoufly to folicit the promifed Grant,
till at laft finding his Friends the Quakers were harafled all
over England by Spiritual Courts, he refolved to put him-
felf at die Head of as many as would go with him, and re-
move to the Country of which he obtained the Grant in
the Year 1^79. He gave it the Name of Penfylvania rome<?^««»*«
time before he was a^ually invq/lcd with it, and 'tis fo caM'd ^'"''
jn the original Patent, bearing Date March ihc ^ih, i6%o.
limtained all that TraSf of JLand in America, with all t/.'e ^**'"* ^"^
ikndi belonging to it^from the Beginning of the fortieth Degree gf"^'""^''
}lmhLatitude^ to the forty third Degree of NorthLatitude j vjhofi
}aprn Bound, from 1 2 Englifli Miles above Newcaftle, alias
iDelaware Town, run all along upon the Side of Delaware
Jmr. So that 'tis bounded on the Eafi by that Bay and
River, and the Eafitrn Sea j on the North by Wejl New-Jerfeyy
rather New-York, for it runs a great way above the ferfeys^
the Wefl by the Indian Nations, about the Heads of Suf".
mhanaughana Delaware Rivers, by which we fee it ftretche«
ar within Land, that River running (.hrough it about 2 or
[joo Miles; on the South 'tis bounded by Mar)land, and
caching from Penjberry, near the Falls of that River, ta
Htnlope^ near the Mouth of the Bay, above 150 Miles di-
edly J but 'tis narrow all along, being very much crouded
the Breadth by Maryland.

The Bounds and Extent we have mentioned are in theori-
jnal Grant J but Mr. Pen having afterwards obtained Part of
^m Belgia of the Duke of Tork, it was added to the Coun-
in the firft Grant, and both together called Penfylvania^
ch is divided into three upper Counties and three lower.
he three upper Counties, Buckingham, Philadelphia and
'hipTy are the Penfylvania fo called in King Charles's
'mi\ the three lower Counties, Ntwcajile^ Kent zndSuf"

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fin^ are talom out of Now Bti^la, or the Prorince of j^
Tori. The upper Countfes cikI at Afgrcus Hook, four Wi
bdow Chtjftr Town ; the lower run along the Coaft ,
Miles, and are 40 Miles deep towards Maryland: Thu« tt
whole Province of Ptnjyhaniff^ from the Path Townftiip 1
ao Miles below Hinlopsn, or Gape IVilUamy is in LeLi
330 Miles, and in Breadth 200. The River Dtiaware abS
and below the Fails for a good Length, is called the Frtjbt
and near the Mouth arc the AfarjSts very fertile and con
naodious.

The Trafts of Land^ from about 25 to ^o Miles ab^
Phiiadelphia are but thinly inhabited and planted, as mayl
fcen by the large Parcels lately advertifcd to be fold. As

5000 Acres at Sawntares, 60 Miles from FhUadelphia,
14000 Acres on Manataway Creek, 3 5 Milfes frdm tj]
Gity.

800© A«res near Springton, 30 Miles- (tclm Phi/aihlphia',
10000 Acres at PerkaJ/iey 27 Miles from that City.

Thefe Lands lying above the Plantations we are comm
tO) L thought proper to give them Place. The Proprieta
Agent for difpofing of thefe Landis is Mr. James Steely
Philadtiphia City. Other large Trafts, at any Dlftancc fro
it, may be purchafed, and doubrlefs will be in fale for Ao
new Comers generally choofing to fettle in^ the trading Towd
near, or in the Country neareft to them. The Province m\
Iwarm with People before the Land (Jo or 70 Miles above? J
iadtlph'ra will have PiirchafersandPUnters. *Ti« fuppofed thJ
not a twentieth Parr of tile Province is planted ; but it i
cleared every where more than any other Pkrts of the Conti
Bent of America poflefled by the Engl'ijh. Mr. Pen referve
5 Mahors in each County, as his particular Propriety ;
doubtlefs with an Intention ro part with them, as well as tn
iteftj as foon as he could. The three lower Counties are mon
likely to intercept Planting and Trading, than the diftant Pan
Bi'ckingham of thc upper attract it,thefir{t of which is Buckingham Countyj
"^ and the firft Town thef<7//i7^if;w,conriftingef about 50 Houfa

The Villages here are generally denominated from CreeksJ
OB which they are built, as Ncfmonah Creek, then P^>tf/
Creek, then Pommontka Creek ; bur this upper Part of ^
Province being, as is obfcrved, thinly peopled, theVillag
are not yet worrli Names.
■ Brijfol is reckoned. the chief Town in this County. If
is 20 Miles from' Philadelphia^ and confiftfr of 70 or "
Houfcs, and lies over- againft Burlington^ in JVeJl Neiv-Jtrk

3 " Ja

Cuuity.

The Hijlory of Pcnfylvania: 29^

kooted for irj MAls of feveral Sorts, built by Mr. Sammf

\^funtir, SA eminent Planter in tbii Country, formerly »

\]fici»i Merchant. The next Place is Ptnsberry^ on »Pcn<bmy.

|(^ Creek. It was a ManoK Mr. Pin refervcd for himfelf.

Iljse he built a very haodfcxn Houfe, finely lituatcd^ and the

IjjpattoQ m'jch improved by the Plantation and Building. The

miCornbury, when he was Governor of Arm>rtfr>f, vifited

L Manor, and was extremely well pleaicd with the Houfe,

■(Widens and Orchards ; the latter produced excellent Ptar^

\^%i and GoldM' Pippins. 'Tis feated in a treble Kland,

\jtDtlaware running three times about it. The Houfe is

llmilc with Brick, and Hands high and dry. There are 10

U u Auall Townlhips in this County, which fend 6 Mem*

llien CO the AfTembly^ one of whom was, in my firft Edi-

llion, Jofip^ Growdin^ Efq; who was then Speaker, and<

1^ indrumental in planting and fettling this County ; fmr

Licb, and many other things, it is very much indebted' to his>

|c^ and Services. Since that Edition I have had a Neigh-

Ibour and Friend in his Son, late a Merchant at Brijid^ and

Idow in T. i/ylvaniay and with Pleafure I repeat the Juftice I

1^ his Father when I wrote my Hiftory.

The next County is Philadelphia^ (o called from that City, ph, ,aelphii
Itk Capital of the whole Province. The firft Town in this Com>»tj,
ICbunty is FrankforU as big as Brijtol^ and as well built. The
llohabitants were at firft Swtdes and Dutch^ who inhabited fe-
Iferai Places in Ptnfyhania, The Swedts fettled themfelves
Ipoiily on the Creeks near the Frejhes'^ and 'tis amazing to
liDe, that Swed*t and Dutch^ knowing what a fine Country swedes mi
llitfcis from Hudfon*$ River Southward^ where Territories of ^u^ch htn.
iLiDd might be purchafed reafonably, and the Government,
[if not the Religion of the Provinces better than their own,
liiiould not have been tempted, in all this time, to remove to
thofe warmer, more fruitful and more delightful Ciimes.
jThe Dutch planted near Oxford ; upon the Bay there is a
ICburch oi England Congregation, and about 80 Families in
[the Town. From hence we come to th^ City of Phila-
itlphia,

Philadelphia^ one of the beft laid out Cities in the World, Pi>.'J«'let-
the Capital of Penfylvania-y and was it full of Houfes and In- ^^^'
habitants, according to the Proprietary's Plan, it wruld be a
Capital fit for a great Empire. As it is 'tis a l?rg.' City, con-
ftdering its late Foundation, moft commodkjufly fituated be-
tween two navigable Rivers, the Delaware and Seht^lkill.
He defign'd the Town in Form of an oblong Square, extend- 7ht Pi^;,
ing two Miles in Length from one River to the other.
The long Streets eight in Nucnbep, and' two Miles in Length,

h«

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300

Kwnher of
Homfei>

7k Hijiory o/'Penfylvania.

he cut at right Angles by otncrs of one Mile in Lehtgti, and
fixten in Number, all ftraight and fpacious. He left propeJ
Spaces for Markets, Parades, Keys, Meeting-houfes (1 can't
imagine why they are not call'd Churches) Schools, Hof.'
pirals, and other publick Buildings. There were, yj^j
Tean dgo^ a great Number of Houfes, and it encreafeseveryl
Day in building, which are all carried on regularly, accordin*]
to the firft Plan. The City has two Fronts on the Water 1
one on the Ealt-dde, hcing the Schuylkilly and the other]
on the Weft, facing the Delaware^ which h near two]
Miles broad, and navigable 300 Mileis, at leaft for ftnall Vef-
fels. The Eaftern Part is the moft populous, on account
of the Schuylkill^ which is navigable loo Miles above the
Falls. We have obferved that each Front of the Street was |
to be two Miles from River to River, as it was at firft laij
out; but one cannot fuppofe it is finifhed in that Man-
ner. The Street that runs along the Schuylkill is three-quar- i
ters of a Mile in Length; the Houfes are ftately, the Wharis
and Warchoufes numerous and convenient. This Cityflou,
rifticd fo much at firft, that there were near 100 Houfes,
great and fmall, in it with in Ie(^ than a Year's time, and it has |
made anfwerable Progrefs, the Number of Houfes, at this
time, being above 2000, and, generally fpeaking, better i
Edifices than in the Cities of Englondy a tew excepted, and
in thofe only a few Streets. Thefe here have large Or-
chards and Gardens j the L,and on which it ftands is high and |
firm^ and the Convenience of Cover, Docks and Springs; !
have very much contributed to the Commerce of this Place,
where many rich Merchants now refide, fome of which are I
fo wealthy, that they keep their Coaches. The Plan we have
been fpeaking of was, by Mr. Peri'n Procurement, drawn
up by Mr. Thomas Holme ^ who was appointed Surveyor-
General of the Province, which is a very beneficial Place in
thofe Provinces, where People come to purchafeand fettle, as
they did and do in Penfyhania. Ships may ride here in 6 or 7
Fathom Water, wi[h very good Anchorage; the Land about
it is a dry wholefom Level All Owners of 1000 Acres and
upwards had their Houfes in the two Fronts, facing the Ri-
vers, and in the High Street, running from the Middle of
one Front to the Middle of the other. Every Owner of 1000
Acres had about an Acre in Front, and the fmaller Purchafers
s)bout half an Acre in the back Streets, by which means the
leaft had Room enough for a Houfe, Garden and fmall
Orchard. Highjireet' is 100 Foot broad, fo h Broadjintt^
which is in rhe Middle of the City, running from North to
South, In the Center is a Square of 10 Acres, for the

State*

^e Hiftory o/'Penfylvania. 301

Ic^f^houfe, Market-houfe, School-houfe, as before hinted.

•r|,g Ivfkmes of the Streets here denote the feveral Sorts of

Tiniber that aris common in Penfylvanla^ as Mulberry-Jirett^
UsfraS'^reety Chtfmt-Jiretty IValnut-fireet^ Beach-Jireet^
iLttet^ Vine-Jireet^ Cedar-firert, There are alfo King'
\LtU Broad-Jlreet^ High^Jireet. The Court-houfe is built
I of Bricky and uncfer it is a Prifon j feveral Houfes on the
\lffjixt worth 4 and 5000/. and 15 Ships hare been on the

Stocks at a time^ fome Hundreds have been built there.

The Cellars or Ware-houfes on the Key are made into the
Uiver three Stories high. Here are two Fairs a Year, and

two Markets a Week. It fends two Members to the Af-

fcmbly.
The Inhabitants being at firft moftly ^akers^ and fb

they continue, it was fome time before there was a Church
built after the Manner of England-^ but as foon as one was
built, it was called Chti ft -churchy much better named than Chriflchurch
from St. Boniface^ or St. Beckett &c. It had, in a few
nears, a very numerous Congregation, and King William
[order'd an Allowance of 50/. a Year to the Minifter, which,
Lith voluntary Contributions, made a very handfom Provi-
Ifionforhim. There are above 1200 of the Inhabitants that
Ijreof this Congregation, who have for fome Years had the
IBenefit of an Organ; and tho' it look'dand founded fl range
Itothe.^wtf^^^'J at firft, yet they are now fo far reconciled to
lit as to bear with their Neighbours having it without Grum-
Ibling. Here are, befides this, feveral Meeting-houfts^ as
Ifor the ^ahrs^ who are properly the Church, as by Lam
M(Mi])ii^ being the Originals, the Presbyterians y the Bap^
Ij/?;, and a Swedijh Church. The Rev. Mr. Evans was
llaiely Minifter of the Church of England Church, his Aflif-
ant Mr. Thomas^ the Schoolmafter Mr. Club^ whofe Allow-
ance was 50 /, a Year from the Publick, befides the private
Perqailices of his School.
According to the Plan, there is, in each Quarter of the
Jity, a Square of 8 Acres, intended for the fame Vies as
m Moorfields in London, Walks and Exercifes for the Citi-
ns. The great Dock is form'd by an Inlet of the River
%mre, at the South- Corner of the Front of the Wharfs,
|ind has a Bridge over it at the Entrance; feveral Creeks run
nto the City out of the two Rivers, and there's no City in
Mand that is fo naturally accommodated with fine and
jcommodious Canals than this might be very eafily. The
(ey is beautifi^l, above 200 Foot Square, to which a Ship of
(00 Tons mxy lay her Broadfide ; and as thefe furprizing Ad-
^ui^es have already render'd it one of the beft trading

Towns

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*'■

Swfdi(h

Ckurchftt

J02 ^^ Hijlory o/Tenfylvania:

Towns in the Brttijh Empire outof £»ra^^, fo, in all Prd
bility, it will continue to increafe in Comoaerce, Riches
Buildings, till for Number and Msgnifidence it will have »
'Equal in America^ where the French have not, nor are lifc
ly to have any thing like it. Here are almoft all forts
Trades and Mecanicks, as well as Merchants and Pjanti
Here the Affemblies and Courts of Judicature are held •
the Bufinefs of the Province is chiefly managed, as in all C
pitals. Here is a Printing-houfe, and a Gazette weekly pul
liflied. In a Word, here are all things neceflary for an£«i
lijhmanh Profit and Pleafure.

At a little Diftance from Philadelphia is a pleafant Hii
very well wooded, on the Banks of the Schuylkill^ called Fq,
Mount. IVioco^ half a Mile from the Town, is a Swti\i
Settlement, where the People of that Nation have a Mt[
ing-houfe for Religion. The Penfylvanians are &i cotnplai&i
to Epifcopacy, that, tho' ^akertfm is, in fome fort, the Ri
ligion of the Government, they will not prefume to call tht
Congregations Churches ; but give up that Form to thol
that confine it to Walls, and Roofs, and Floors that ha'
'been confecrated. The Swedes have another Meetini
houfe at Tenecum-y but whether thefe Places are in Buckk
ham or Philadelphia County, we have not learnt.

Abington and Dublin are two pretty Towns in Philadelpk
County J but the moft confiderable next to that City is d
man Town, a Corporation of High and Low Dutch; th(
are between 2 and 300 Houles in it ; Peach-trees areplanti
all along before the Doors. The Town is very pleafant,
very well cleared from Trees.

Within Land lies Radnor^ finely fituated and well bi
containing above 50 Families. In this Place is a Congregi
tion of Church of England Men. *Twas at firft called An,
Jicl by the Dutch^ who began building here, from the Ni
of the River at Amjlerdam. There are leveral Creeks
thefe two Counties, as Derby Creek, ^c, Amorjland
between that and another namelefs Creek; from wheoi
Chcfter paffing by Redloyer^ we come to Chejler County, fo calli
Ctunty. becaufe the People who firft fettled here came for the oii
Part from Cheflnre. The firft Town in it is Newton^ cc
lifting of between 30 and 40 Houfes. There are above i
Houies in Chejler Town, the Capital of the County, when
a very good Road for Shipping, the Delaware^ on which
ftands, being here three Miles over. Here are a Court-hoi
and a Prifon. This Place is alfo called Upland^ and
Church dedicated to St. Paul^ with a numerous Congri
tion of thofe^ whom, excluiive of all other Chriiliaos,

Tie Hifioty ^Ptnfylvanla.

:3^

vl:'fm\.

Qrlhulve, whoTe* Minifter was lately Mr. Htnry NlMh,
lAConae paki hy the Socitty 50/. a Year. The School atfo
Is upon the Miniftor, and is of fome Advantage to
Xhere*s another Town called Chtchifter^ as is alfo the
!"^ on which it ftands, which is navigable. It has above
QO Hottfes 'r, the little Town of Concord has not fo many.
he other T^w/j/^fp^ in this County are fmUl, but the Land
(frji planted. Mar cm Hock^ four Miles from Chejltr, is
.goundary of the three upper Counties, properly called
uivania. Chejier County fends 6 Members to the Aflembly.
gelow Chlchejier is a great Creek, which we may be fuse
loogs to the Dutch^ by the Name that is given it, Bren-
,l„e. Here's Room enough to lay up the whole Navy
of England, there being from four to eight Fathom
Between Brandywine and Chrijiina is an Iron Mill;
Qhrifiina Creek the Swedes had a Town and Plantations ;
ly inhabited this and the other Side of tlie Delaware, call'd
Nouvelle Swede^ or New Sweden^ by Rebie the French
ieographer: It included Part of this Province and PartofJJjJ^*^**
Ufj ; the Creek is large, but the Village inconfiderable ;
0' the Swedes had a Church here not long ago. Between
iwndlhe next Creek is NewcaJiU Town, from whence the
Ijoining County takes its Name. The Lands hereabouts are NcwcafU*
lied the IVelJh Trail, and there are near 40000 Acres, plant- ^''"''^•'*
and laid out by and for Weljhmen. 'Tis thick of little Town-
ips, as Haverford Wejl, Merioneth, and others, *Tis po-
ilous, and the People arc very induftrious, by which means
is Part of the County is the beit cleared. The Inhabitants
ive many large Plantations of Corn and Bread, abundance
if Cattle, infomuch that they are lookt upon to be in as
iving a Condition as any in the Province.
Mount joy is a Manor that belonged to a Daughter of Mr.
w, and here the firft Lime-Stone was dug that ever was found
America. This whole Country is remarkable for its
icellent Gravel, very rare to be met with on all the Con-.
ent of America. |t fends 6 Members to the Aflembly.
is inhabited by EngUJh and Dutch, and \^ the next Place
Bignels and Trade to Philadelphia^ containing now
ween 5 and doo Iloufes well builc. Here live and
irive many Merchants and Tradefmen ; the Church has 9
ge Congrosation, moftly Weljh. Its Minifter was lately
. ^QJt, The Dutch have alfo a Church here. The
irt-boufe is for (be Magi(iracy, who do not want BuGneis.
'en Miles from it is St. George's, a pretty Village. I know
how it came to be fainted ; for xhQ^uakers do not believe
Cmmmtm, Xheo BUiMj;^ Creek, and over-againil it

lies

^04

7S^ Hi/lory j/Tenfylvanial

Kent Coun

lies a little Ifland, called Rhodi I/landy in the Delaware, Vfhi
there is lo Fathom Water. Jpaquanany Creek is honoud
with the Name of a River ; it has a little Town fo calle
the Country within lo Miles oi Newcajlle^ North and^
is its proper Signiory. The County fends 6 Members toi
Aflerrbly. There's another Creek fo called, and they
diftinguilhed from one another by North and South. 1
Inhabitants have built a Church ^ but I know not whether]
■ is yet endowed, or fupplied with a Minifter, tho* I fuppd
it is. Faffing by Bombay Point and Duck Creek, we coa
to Kent County, in which are Cranebrooky Dover^ MurdJi
and Mifpelliven '"'reeks. Dover was formerly called St. %J
Town, and confifts now of about 50 Families; 'tis lool
upon as the Capital of the County, which is fettled like ^3
ginia^ not in I'ownlhips, but in fcatter'd Plantations. tJ
Land is good, and this Shire is reprefented by 6 Membe
in the Aflembly. Here is a Church of England Congreg
tion. The Minifter was lately Mr. Thomas Cravjford^ vvll,
had 50 /, a Year paid by the Society. It is in the Bay of J))
iaware, which is there about 7 Leagues over. Cedar Cre(
is, by fome, dignify'd with the Name of a River. Tis w
firft in Sujfex County. Mr. Pen gave it this Name, froil
his Seat in that County in England. The chief Town]
Lewes, on a Creek fo called, next to Plum Creek; it is band
(om and large, ftanding on the beautiful Banks of a Rivj
between the Town and the Sea, which makes the Harbour]

Below this Place and the Mouth of the Delaware, is Can
Hinhptn., or Cape IVilliamy and 20 Miles below that, Can
James, the farthermoft Bounds of the Province of PttA
vania. The Whalery we mentioned was at Cape IVilM
Sujfex County, like Kent, is inhabited by Planters, whofePlaJ
tations lie alfo fcattering, as fuiccd beft to their ConveninJ

Every one of the fix Counties has a Quarterly and Monthl
Seffions, and Affizes twice a Year ; there's a Sheriff for eacj
They run along 20 or 30 Miles on the Rivers and Bays,
backwards as far as they are planted, which is 20 Miles in foo
Places.

The Villages hereabouts are very thin, the EngUJh chufi

to inhabit that Part of the Province which lies on the upp

Rive; ; and fince their Settlement in Pen fyhania, thei)a/«|

and Swedes have made very little Progre(s in their Plantation

Nnmhtr «/ whercas the Englijh are increafed fo much, that there are bt

inhatitMti. tween 80 and 90000 Souls of that Nation in this Colony, an

of Palatines, Dutch, Swedes and French and Negroes, 10 a

15000 more. About three Miles below Letves*sCr&k\

the Line of Partftiofty which divides Ptn/ylvania iiomMoiA

3 " ' Im

Suflex
County.

Tfo Hiftory ^Penfylvania.

305

^l The Society of Adventurers we ihall have Occafion to
jjijiik of hereafter, had a ff^alery near Ltwfs j but the IVhaleries
Jthe Britijh Amtrica are now hardly worth mentioning.

AstotheQimate, Penfyhania is, by its Latitude, at a ]\\iQCitmate ani
Piliance fron) the Sun with Naples in Italy^ and Mont-'^"''
filiir in France, which Mr. P^», in his Account of the
Country, very artfully obferved, to ftiew its Agreement with
tjoof the moft healthy and pleafam Places in the Univerfe 5
Ixitit muil be acknowledged, that the Climates in the Con-
^entofJmerica differ much from thofeof the fame Latitude
in Europe. Hudfon\ Bay and the Thamei, are much in the
janie Latitude, with refpedt to the Sun ; yet the Thames is
in a mild agreeable Climate, apd Hudfon*$ Bay almoft in per-
petual Froft ahd Snow. Naturalifts can very eafily give the
Rcafon of it : The Air here is fweet and clear ; the Fall be-
mis aiwut the 20th of Oaober, and lafts till the Beginning
q{ December-, Frofty Weather and extreme cold Seafons are
ftquently 'cnown here -, but, as in moft Countries where
ire fuch Seafons, the Air is dry and hungry. The River seafins.
Dthware is fometimes frozen over, notwithftanding its
Breadth. From March to June the Spring lafts j but the
Weather then is mote inconftant than in the other Seafon,
which it generally is in other Countries. The Heats are ex-
traordinary in the Summer Months, July, Auguji and 5^^-
my\ but mitigated by cool Breezes, which make them
very tolerable. The Wind is Soutb-lVeJi during the Sum-
mer; but generally North IVefierly Spring, Fall ard Winter,
which blowing from the Frofty and Snowy Mour: tains, and
Lakes of the Terra Canadenfis, is doubtlefe a ma'n Reafon
of the exceflive Cold here in Winter.

The Soil in this Trad of Land is, in fome Places, a yellow
and black Sand, in others a loomy Gravel, in others a fat
Earth, like the Vales in England, efpecially by inland Brooks
and Rivers, where the Lands are moftly three to one richer
than thofe that lie by navigable Rivers. There's alfo found
ablacic Hazel Mould, on a ftony Bottom. The Earth is
fruitful, fat and eafy to be cleared, becaufe the Roots of the
Trees lie almoft on the Surface of the Ground. Some Al-
lowance muft be made for Mr. P^f/i's Propriety, in the tempc-
kg Defcription he gives us of the Country, We have

enough of the Rivers and Creeks in it, and fliewn how
commodious they are for Navigation and Communication.
Among other Waters, Mr. Fsn names tne Mineral like thofe Waxtu*
oiBarnet and Northall, which were in very great Vogue
when he wrote ; bat will be now no Recommendation of
the Place. Tbefe Springs are about 2 Miles from Phila^

■ X delphia^

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fhe Miftory tf PenfylvMMa.'

aeiphUy at a happy Diftance for Watep-^mk^rs-^ but the
Null ler of tbem i», fince chat, k' ii'd cxsreiwJy.

Oak.

The natural IVodoffc here arc Trees of almoft rfl {^^^

ak^ rt^ white and bladk j^, :fi^ft&, Spanijh 'Chefnu!
Cedar, f^ialnut, Cy^refi and Swampy the moft durable of
all. Here are Poplar y Gumwood, Hickory^ Sajfafras • and
as for Shrubs, Snakeriot^ Sajfaperiihy Jalbp, Spruce and Cmn.
berries. Mr. Pm is very panicular, and what follows is ex!
adtly in the Idea and Sti'ia of a Proprietary, Grapr.^ PlmM
StraivbtrrieSy Mu^berries^ fTainuts, Che/nuts grow njtursliy
in the Woods ; and there are prc'-^ious Qu&ruhy jf (jxcelbit
Peaches.

Wheat J Barley y Oats, Rye, Peafe^ Beans^ '^'^^■^ta- hieL-.
Mufmelons^ apples.. Pears, Cherri;Sy AfrkotSy Carrou^ Turl
nips. Par/hips, Cabbages, Cvlwcrts, Po:^itoeSy liuJiJljestshk
as Par/nips, Onions, Cucumbers, ^^linces, 6cc. (for there's e-
nough) are in gr;eat Plenty here j as alfo Indian Corn, H-m-;,^
flax, &c. Tis commoHj from cnc Buflici of* Grain fown
here,, to reap 4.0, often 50, and fometimci? 60 Bu.licV One
Mr Edward J ones hati, for one Gnin of En^li/h Barley 70
Stali ,- and Ears of that Corn in his Plantation on the ScImI.
kill', but there's no Dependancc to be made on fuch fort of
Increase *

Of Hvsng Creatures, there are, for Food and Trade, Dur
the Elk^ as big as a fmall Ox, Rabbits, Raccoons^ Beavtr-
Plenty of Oxen, Cows and Sheep ; of th;" lattet, 'tis com-
mon for Farmers to have 4 or 500 in a Flock ; Horfcs, fome
very good, and ftately enough.

Of Fowl, here are the Land Turtle^ 40 or 50 Pounds
Weight, Pheafanis, Heath-Birds, Pigeons, Partridges, Clouds
of Black-birds, Swans, Geefe, Brainds, Ducks, Teal, Snipi,
One would think Mr. Pen had made a CoUcdlion of all the
mod tempting Produ(^ and Animals that one or many Coun-
tries could fumifh him with, to enrich his Account of Pin.
fylvania-y but, in the main, his Information is true, as I have
learnt from other Hands.

The Fifti here are Sturgeon, Herrings, Eels, Smelts and
Perch i the latter caught in Abundance in Delaware Bayj
and in the River, above the Frejhes, Oijlers, Crabs, Cockla^
Mufcles. There are alfo Rock-Sffat, Catjhead, Sheepjhtai^
and other Fidi, not worth naming.

I fhall be a litde the longer concerning the Indians^ be-
caufe, beddes his printed Relation, I had frequent Difcourfe
witli him on that Head.

The Indians, and this Defcription will ferve for all other
Coutiaenc Colonies, are generally tall, Araight, well built

and

the Indians, b^

Ihe Mflory ^ Penfylvattia* Jo^

Igid-pjopoftioiwd. Their 'Complexion \i .bkck by Defigrt^
Ui»-(ifpfi*^ in England. They anoihc themfelves with
Lgr's Fat olarify'd, and ufing no Defence againft the Sun
L Weather, their SJcin is fwafthy or tawney. Their Eye is

liitleflnd black. As to their Faces, Mr. Pen fays, The thick
m and fiat Nofi^ fo frequent with the Eaft Indians and the

Blacks, d^f «?' ctmmon to them; for I have feen as comely

Eoropean-lifce i/^iK-w am-mg them ojf both Sexes, ms on 6ur Side
hindea'i and truly anll^im^s not much more of the ff7?ite^

,; / the Nofes offeveral of them have as much of the Rotnan.
uinrheNofe and the Lip too, by what I havefincc feen of
ijj, V of the Indian Monarchs, did not dcferve this Compli-
^' Of their Language he fays, it is lofty, but narrow^
SBC accent and Emphafisoffomeof their Words arc greac
Ld fweer, as O^rockon^ R(tncocas, OriSfon, Shakameron^
bjyMjffrt, all Narpes of Places, and as fonorous as any in
[//,, J then for Sweetncfs, they have their Anna Mother,
m Brother, Ne'-ap Sin, and llfque Oret very good, Pom
ad, how near Pain in French, which I nMntion only to
|iii«w the Lufus Linguarum before fpoken of.
I They wafli their Children in Water as foofl as they zraU^ythtiA*
Iborn, and plunge them often in the Rivers when they are J'*"*****
joung; thence come their ftraight and ftrong Limbs. An
Mother would much rather venture the Cr^oW and

kCrtpple, than give her ChiWren the Cold Bath toftraighen

illrengchen their'Limbs, which the Indian Mothers harden

ilfo by wrapping the Infant up in a Clout, and then laying it

^n a ftraight Board, a little more than the Breadth and

cngthof the Child, which they fwaddle fafton the Board

I make it flraight. This is the Reason why all the Indians

m flat Heads. Thus the <Motber carries the Child at her

^ck till nine Months End, and then it generally goes, and

iild generally do fo in En^land^ with the like Nurfing ^

or I knew, and was very nearly related to one that without

I went with fomething of Weight in both Hands at 9 Months

The Boys hOi till they are fifteen, then they hunt,

nd having given fome Proof of their Manhood, by a good

Return of Skind, they may marry, el(e*'tis a Shame to think

a Wife. If Mr. Pen intended this as a Fable for a Mocal,

very good, and fhews that no Man iliould think of

|Utrtying till he ^nows how to maintain a Wife and Family;

[at as to the Indian Youth, he had the whole unmarried

pw of Women before him, and might tajce any one of

that would be taken v^ithout SbM^e, which muft

ke the youiig Man tiot over hafly to 'XXiavry. Tha

' here with their Mothers 4ielpj hough ^e Oround,

X 2 rtwt

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55 3' 'I

r'i

308 fhe HiJIory <^ Pcnfylvania.

plant Corti, and carry Burdens. Wives are fhe true Servant
of the Husbands, otherwife the Men are very aflfeftionatg
them. Females marry at 13 or 14, Males at 17 or 1?
Their Houfcs are Mais, or Barks of Trees, fet on Pol 1
hardly higher than a Man. They lie on Reeds of Gran
When they travel they lodge in tne Woods, make a greJ
Fire with the Mantle of Doffils they wear by Day wram J
bout them. They fit moftly on the Ground, clofe to thei
Peels, their Legs upright ; and after having faluicd thJ
European Vilitors, if they have any, with an Hahy or Qo \
be to you, perhaps fay not a Word more ; but obferve all
PalTages. No fuch great Oddity to the Penfyhamans U
^ccurtomed to filent Meetings. They are pleafed jf'you^
give them any thing, and fb are others indeed j but never be?
It cannot be ,fo faid of others, and if they are not asked to
eat, go away fullenly. I fliall abridge my former Relation
with refpetSt to the Indians, becaufe, as far as Penfykania 3
concerned in it, there's little or no Agreement between thd
Cuftoms.and Manners of the Indiana in Mr, Pen's time and
thofe in the prefent times ; and to read what they wereVixtu
u '..'. Years ago, has vei/ httle ink to fatisfy the Curioficy of anJ
Engli/hman m QT owioi Penfylvania. \

'" I muft not omit one Paflage told me by Mr. P<-», thai

when he travelled in the Bv^ck Countries^ towards the Irami\

he was entertained by one of their great Sachems with mo J

than ordinary Civilities, according to his Knowledge and

Abilities, the Emperor, or Captain-General of the other Sd

chemsy being well apprized of his Dignity and Power in hi]

Province; and at Night, when the Royal Family wereaboul

to take to their Beds, which were Heaps of Stubble, or ratha

Turf, with Beafts-skins fpread over them, Mr. Pen was con

dudted to his. in the fame Wigwam ; and after all were lajJ

.down, and himfelf ready to go to Sleep, a young Indian LadS

no lefs than the great King's Daughter, car.t' and laid her]

felfdown by him, without, any Ceremony. HeprofefttJ

* me it very much fliock'd him j he was fenfible this was in

tended as a Mark of particular Favours to him, and diatiJ

would be taken ill if he did not accept of it -, but the' thj

Lady was v&y young, and (he was as it were at Mercy, ye

his Virtue previiled; and, after h? ing lain fome timebyiierj

^idiout (hewing any manner of Difpofition to return M

Gallantry, fhe rofe from him, and retired into another Par^

tition of the Wigwam. Mr. Pen was then ^bout 40 Yeafl

old, a very fanguine Perfpn, and much intereiled in tin

Greut King's Good-will, aiid whether he open'd hiinfel

Mitirely to idq on that Subjet^, perhaps the Reader oiaJ

fufpedtj as well as I did. ^ h

■ u!

^e Hijiory o/Pcnfylvania. ' 30$

fe^ are the Events relating to this Colony to be any
iherc met with. The Ptnfylvanians have had no Wars
liih the Indians or French^ and confequently little Adbion
uj tuppen'd here. The Buftle of Trade is much the fame
jjl tiioes, in all Places', and concerns no Body but the
traders; but the great Events of War concern every one
j|2t lives in the Country, that was the Seat of it, or has any
Delation to it, and befides, is always furprizing and pleating
^tRevolutms that it generally produces.

As fooo as Mr. Pen had got his Patent^ he invited feveral Nem Eum- •
.ifons to purchafe Lands under it. Tho' he did not latisfy p^' '" ^"''''^*
inlelf with the Title granted him by Charles II. anc^ lis Bro- """*

he alfo bought the Land of the Indiansy which, doubt-
_'was the bcif Right he had to them.
The Swedes, who had encroach'd upon the Dutch, the
Planters here, as well as at New-llorky fettled upon or
r the Freihesof the Delaware, The Finns, or Inhabi-
ts of /^/«/tf«^, Part of the Kin^om oi Sweden, apply'd
mfelves chiefly to Husbandry. The King of Sweden ap-
loted a Governor hare, who had often Difputes with the
5vemor that prefided over the Dutch. The latter apply'd
fflfelves moftly :o Traffick, living upon or near the Bay,
by the Neighbourhood of New-Tor k. The Dutch alfo
fcre too powerful for the Swedes, who finding they could
1 maintain their Ground, fubmitted to their Wronger
eighbours. Accordingly, John Rizeing, the Swedijh Go- swedes fur-
lor, made a formal Surrender of the Qjuntry to Peter render to the
ifmt, Governor for the States General. After which, °'^^'^'^-
Province continued fubje<St to their Republick, till the
'Mllijh drove the Dutch out of New-Amjierdam, or New-
r;f, which made the Poffeffion of thofe Territories the more
ifytoMr.Ptfw.

There were a few Englijh here before Mr. Pen fent over ^^^ Mi,\%^Ta
firft Adventurers under his Patent, over whom he placed, Markham,
Governor, Col. fVilliam Markham, his Nephew, to Caverwr.
m both Dutch and Swedes fubmitted.
Thofe diat went over were generally Diflenters from £o«-
llverpooly and efpecially Brijlol ; for the IVeJi of Eng'
abounded with Dijfentersy as well as a Herd of Per-
itors, as Phillips^ Hellier, Hobs, and other Juftices
the County of Somerfet more than other Counties, they
p'd themfelves at Briflol in great Numbers for Penfyhania.
. tbomas Gouldney, and Mr. afterwards Sir John Duddle-
», two Tobacco Merchants in that City, about this time
id out die Unicorn^ a Ship of 300 Tons for this Voyage, '
ch putting into Starts took in a great many ^rom Bridge'^ >
•UK . X 3 Mr.

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The Hijtary of Penfykanis.

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Mr. Pen had (bid acooo Aorts of hii Projjriety ^ jv^l
Jftfffiirj ClaypocU Mr. Nichohs' A/hor^ Mr. P'AiVr^^ /i,.^
others, whd form-d a Comptnyy ^d Had'a Sttifia and a Siu
of a Street fet out forthetn 'v\^ Philadelphia^ y»k)s .^g^ ^^
of Land in the City Libertfiw. ThC^ fet up a Wmneryf j
Saw-Mill^ a Gh/s-hou/e, and i fFhaltry^ of the two latil
I fuppofc, they never made any great Hand, The Ptoprij
tarics Conditions of Sale wche thefe. Buyers purchafed jfj
Landltfirj} the Ratc of 20 /. for looa Atfres^, fo that hepUt +oq/. in
$ft4 wtr Pocket imincdiately ; but thatf was a Triflfe to- w^mt went o]
of it for the Grant and Experimontlj to people and lectle rj
Country. The QuitRertit v/as ]|[» or it^ Viiuc forc/j,
100 Acrefe. This was cheap enough;, but I ttiink the i^
ten were not fo well uffxi'i for they Wdro to pay ^
Acre j'early. Thus thefc 20000 Acres which he fold \\
Company would, if rented, have brought him 1000 i[
Year. Since that tirae, the Value of Land is fo much rif
that I have been credibly inforn^'d it has fold for 20 Y«,
Purcharc,at feveral Milei DIrtancefk>mPAi/tfrfif/;^*/<?,artdthi
near it^ it has gone at aPdund an Acre, and in fome Places 1
jnorc than a Pound yearly. We have mentioned near 400a
Acres to be at this time parcell'd out for Sale, fomcat
Miles Diftance from Phthdelphia ; but none of thofe Pared
will fetch a tenth Part of lach Rates as thcfe. Servana
Men and Women, were to have 50 Acres when their tin
were out, and Owners of Laiid 50 Acres a Head forfu^
Servants, Men or Women.

In the Year \($%\ Mr. Pen wont himfelf to Pmfylimi{
and carried with him, and tiiere went over after him aoo
Souls; ft prodigious Augmentation in le(s than a Year!
he might with Reafon (ay as he did to me, // was mdti
ence a Country. As foon as he arrived he took the Govcri]
mcnt into his own Handj, and enter)! ujpon- Treaties with tlj
Indian Kings, for purchafing his Patent'^Lands and otb:
as is before hinted. One ikiay aflure otkfelf he gave bij
little for them j and if the French and Spaniards fcorncd
pay iiich a Compliment to Natural Right, and chofe rath^
to feize the Lands ot the Indian Natives hf Violence, it
what might have beei^ expeded from the ReligioQ and Id
ranny of the Country from whence they came. TwaJ
Miles of Territory was thus bo«ght of Xht Indians fori
than an Acre of the btft Ground about Philadelphia wouMl
valued as j but the Indians, in i little time, obferving wb
Pro^t the En^li/h made of tlie Land they (old them,
thtc, by the conitig over of fuch Numbers every Year, i|

m^ b^ mQre mi vftm^ ym^^ thfjr i^juf^d' ^ Price 1

William
Pen, Efq;

*Buyitfii
CtHtitry af

t-'ii lad'ur.s.

e, // was mdti

, ^/he Hiftary of Penfylvania. 3 1 1

I ^^i as much as it was ac firft ; and yet ir T^as onconfcion*-
Ljjcbcaps aTi"d tor a long tinre purchaf«Q hy rhe Mile, and
L bry t^« Acre. Indeed choy knew not what to do withy/^^indimj
L dwy had not Handia «noiigh to cuitivate the hundredth/" htht
pit, and if' they could have raiftd lucba Prc^ua, there was^^'jf^f' ^*
LiJody to buy it. TRe Piirchafc wa«> a., .lear Gains to
L-ni; and, by the Coming of the Englijh^ this Peltry Trade
Lcartc fo proftcablle, tht« they were foon in a Condition to
L(t«r rheir manner of Houfing, and Clothing and Living, as
im (lid very much, and are now, in thefe Articles, as well
iccommodated as ^tEuroptan Peafantry in many Places.
VVhen the Province began to be a little planted, almoft to
Le Mouth of Delaware Bay, 'twas laid out into the be-
Le mentioned Counties, in order to choofe Reprefentatives
Ld eilablirtt Courts for the Diftribution of Juftice. The
Lginal Draught of the Conftitution for this Province was, ^" i^'>«f'»'i.
idc by that great Lawyer and Patriot Sir William Jones^
Id by it, the Gcvtrttor and People have a Legijlatin,e Power.
I Jir WtlUam Janes had too much Underftanding, Vartue and
Honour to mrow the People out of the Queftion, when
JAtir Religion, their Liberty, their Propaty, their well-being
in this World and the next, were fo nearly concerned in it.
mlato can be bete made^ nor Money ratfedy but by Confent
Utkt Inhabitants, The Rights and Freedcm «/" England wen
me in Farce there. They were to make no Law again/i Alle-
\imte^ and then they might ena£f what Lojvs they plenfed
\kr thi Good, Prcfperity and Security of the Province. Mr.
\fn held two General ACTenrblies while he was in the Coun-
try, and with fuch Unanimity and Difpatch, that tho* they
\rdt Laws by the Scores, no lefi than 70, yet they had
Idonc their Bufinefs in three Weeks time. How often has it
Ihppencd in our own Country that 70 long Afts of Par-
lliament could not have been once read in that time, much
Ikfs debated and paft after three Readings.

They prcfcnted the Proprietary with an Impoft on certain
iGoods; but he remitted it, which was artful' enough, to
iiavc a thing given, on purpofe to give it away again to
Ithofe that gave it. He eftablifliM Courts of Juftice in every
[County, with proper Officers. Truly one would think the
llaying out Shares and Diftrifts in this and other Colonies,
Iwas for the Sake of making Offices^ for, as yet, a Number
(of them could not be wanted, if they are now. To pre-
Ivcnt Law-fuits and Contention among this paflive People,
[there were three Peacemakers chofen by every County Court,
[in the Nature of common Arbitrators^ to hear and end DifFe-
[renccs between Man and M^n. 1 cannot think that any

X 4. Conftitu-

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312 7be Hijlory (?/* PcnfylvanU.

Conftitution upon Earth is the more pcrfedk for rcjedlngfudi
^ Jrbitrators \ but that it would be of very great Advantage in the

Pradicc of the Law, whatever it might be to Pradtitioncn
which, in fuch Cafe, fceras not to be worth Confideration!
Every Spring and Fall there's an Orphan'; Cou.i in eadj
County, to infpedt and regulate the AfRirs / ffU^.u/i
Orphans.

Mr. Pen was vifited by the Kings and Queens, and ^^reai
Men among the Indians^ of whom the grcateft did not thini
himfclf too good toeoon the Proprietary's lirrand, if helia^
thought fit to fend nim. Both the Dutch and the ^vutdti
within Us Ju|irdi6lion, were very well pleafed with hij
Coming and his Condudl ; and there were, at that time, i
moft as many Swedes and Dutch in Penjylvania as Englijh,
Mr. Pen ftaid here about two Years, till he H^ fcttlei
things to his own and the People's Liking ; he then returnci
to England^ to forward the Affairs of the Propriety there
he had done here. He was generous and free of his Though
and Expreflions, which were not always fufficiently guarded
and after the Revolution, he became fufpeiled, on Accoi
of his great Accefs to the abdicated King, who, whei
Duke of Tori, had given him a good Part of Nova Bit^ia
r Pen iM which mcluded the Jerfeys as well as New-lerk. Whatcve
CouuJ "' Favours he had received from that King afterwards, mon
than good Looks and good Words, I know not- but]
know the People thought they were great, and he himfdj
took no Pleafure in undeceiving them. 1 fliall digrefs a litdq
in a Pafftigc en this Head, as near as I can in hiii ov
Words.

*' People generally believe, faid he, that King Charltt
was governed by his Brother the Duke of Tirk^ in hi]
moft exceptionable Meafures; but it was the quite cod
trary. I have had it from the Duke's own Mouth,^
his Brother has often propoied fuch and fuch things td
him to propofc in Council, which he has done to pleafa
him , and altcrwards, when the thing has been difreliOi'c
and caufed Complaint, the King by his Emiflaries tnad^
it believed that his Brother put him upon itj for, con
tinucd Mr. Pen, tho' he afttded Negligence, and to plajj
with his Dogs both at Church and in Council, noPrinca
ever gc>vern'd more according to his own Opinion m
Wi!)^ nor was more politive than he was," I imaginej
this Reprcfentation of the Matter, with rclpctt to the Kii
and the Duke, will bethought partial on the Sideofthd
latter, and that Mr. Piu had afledtcd the Duke more thaij
his Bi other. He certainly did not affcA King IVilliam as
could very eafily prove. ^ Thel

Kfr
Fa

((

It.

((

7;&^ Hiftory of Pcnfy 1 vania. 3 1 3

I «^ Government of this Province being taken out of Mr. c*i Fietchw
L^, Hinds, on Account of Difaffeaion, his Majcfty King^'**'"'"'-
ji gave it to Col. Fletcher^ who was afterwards Go-

^^NetU'Tork\ but as Mr. Ptn had ftood by thcj^/i-

"jQ the late Reigns, they ftood by him in that King's,
J by their and their Friends Intcreft, he recovered the
■L of Nomination to the Government of liis Propriety,
p be gave to Capt. Blackwell^ an old Republican, who

jjcfli Pay-mafter to the Parliament's Army. The Secre- Capt. Black-
Cy was iVilliam Markham^ Efq; the Prefident of the Coun- well Oovet'

thmai Loyd^ Efq^ the Surveyor- General Mr. Thomas""'
Wms. Mr. Blackwell govern'd the Province with equal
udenceandSuccefs. It thrived apace ^ its Inhabitants and
immcrcc encreafcd j they fell into the Tobucco Trade, and
I became fo confiderable, that 14. Ships have been laden
J that Commodity from Penfylvania to London^ and other
Its of England in a Year ; but it has not lately been fo

ch cultivated, and it is no Matter whether it ever be a-

yirg'mia and Maryland have more than Tobacco e-

for all the Markets' in the World, which have been

too much glutted with it ^ confequently thofe, who,

the future, fall into that Trade, will do them Hurt,
/ithout doing theuifelves Good ; and the Penfyhanians^ hy Tobammt

ding Cattle, raifing Corn and Provifions, Lumber and '"** /"''>'<'

hip-building, and by any other Schemes of Traffick, which*'"'

ay be likely to turn to Account, will have a better Chance

) taakt Profit of it, than by running into a Trade that is

llready overftockt. This has been a very great Overfight

I the Sugar Colonies, where the Planters, thinking they could

vcr have Canes enough, and that they fhould never want

Dv thing elfe, negle£led Cottony Cocoa^ and other beneficial

^rodudts, which would have been raifed with fewer Hands,

Dd by taking them off from Sugar have given a Check to

lijnmoderate Produce of it, which woula have kept up the

ce, and confequently made the Commodity more valuable

home and abroad. Capt. Blackwell was Father of Sir

nhtrt blackwelly Envoy Extraordit^ary from Queen jinne
Icveral Courts of Italy. His Suc^eflbr in the Govern-
taioi Philadelphia Wis Thomas Loyd, Efqj whofe Admi- Lo°J"£r •
liftration was as fuccefsful as his Predeccflbi's j but he did Gndnor?
;long enjoy it. Upon his Death Mr. Pen appointed his
>Jephcw, Wtlitam Markham^ Efqj to be Governor, or ra*W'"n»
her Deputy-Governor, for the Proprietary himfelf was Chief ^^"jj^^^;^
Wnor, and he went thither in Perfon in the Year 1(^98. vtmor.
There being no Perfecution in England^ the fakers here
bund the Country begm to be lettled with People who

came

!i-

11 «

I ."1

l'h\dt

I'Ji

W^td

The "Bjht

<rame thither w tamd their Fbrcune*^ an* not tB; enjoy
Liberty of thar C©wfcieiuj«.; for; tHc^aleriftioni gave th
that at home. Th-fe Men beings of? t?hc Church of End
Preshyterwns^ and Baptt/ls, wouW bav« had a^^//**/,. ,
the ^ahrs being t^*Miq(!>ritjv, were againft itt their ft
ciples not allowing th^m^ the OJ% of Arms, BttQdes
Ajch a wrong way of Thinlcing' is unwowhy theliamj
Fi-ittciplcsk The Quaker s^ chemfalvesj, noc long boibre
Fen^s iJacond Voyage thii!h«r, dtdf vwy readily ftiil ».
an armed Fcffce ; for a Sbi{y o<^ ehisiRs being taltea by ]
rates, they hired Men, and fupply^di them wirh^ ^ajmuniti
and Fire- Arms, to^ recover their Sbip from the Pirates.
fioW, in the Caft af the Militia, fuch as were of anotii
Ojiinion, were allowed to trtfin i^emfelvcs, and t&lce fu
Miitary Gare for their Defence, as con'fiiled with the Pe
of the Country.

The political Affairs of the Colony d<d not profper
more for Mr. Pen^s lofmg his Credit at Court ; fcveml 1«
ing Men began to form a Party againft the original d
#r*<J?, a« the CanJHtution may be called, and fuppofedtlj
might carry any Point, whether the Proprietors liked ii(
nt>t. What they moft objedted againllj was the beft thi)
in that Conftitudon, the Eleftion of Officers by M
They faid they were EngKjhmeny and not bound to give thj
Votes in Huggermother j their Faces and their Voices fliod
always go together, and accordingly the fai\ Ordier of <
vernmont was broken in upon in the moft eflcntial Partj
it } upon which, Faftions of Courfe cncreafed, and Tumii
followed^ to the great Dilturbance and Detrimtni of tl|
Colony. This Mifchief was not at all leffen'd by the Pread
ings of Georgg Keith, whom we have mentioned in J(rf\
who to make an Augmentation to his extraordin. ry M«i
threw off' the Garment of ^akerifm^ and put on a SuFplig
but before he received the only regular and infallible Qkh
tion at home, he broach'd here Tenets that were very i
from being orthodox in the ^aktrs Eftabliftimenr, ftichl
,.^RiUSf Common- Pr ay tr and Ceremomts, HoHdap and fik
nifter, imfri-ntents, &c. for which the Government here took hold
/"'W'ft him, and threw him mto Prilbn ; for MV. Neal feys, *' Tl
. ** fakers themfelves confels, that a turbulent provokingO
riage to the Government we lie under, rojuires thcNi
tice of the civil Magiftrate; and for this Reafon
fined and imprifoned Gtnrge Keith, and c bliged him i
leave the Province; and I am of Opinion, it \
merely for Crimes againft the S»te, but for his new Doci
c^ine, which had like to have made a Svhi/m among them.

Hon

George
Keith, thi
trthodcx Ml

(?^ Hiiiory of Penfylvania. 3 1 ^

kflF can this bel made out, that the Quakers, who mEng-

are S^chijhkHicksy Ihould be the Orthodox in Penfylva-

\cA GiOfgit' K^thy who 9/QS Oyt'hoiiox in England, be a

J/jfo/Zt'/f in P^Jj'hania ? V( Orthodox attd Schtfmaticks are

je alternately by Eflabliftiments of Countries, and not

ilterably by the' Rule of Faith in all Countries, the Scrip-

I think the Terms have little more In thecn than the

jjf. Pen rettirned to England in the Year 1701, having
Jibe better of the Lord Baltimore in a Law-fuit for the
ir<e lower Counties, NetOcaJlle, Kent and Sujex. He left
Colony in an extraordinary flouriftiing Condition ; tho'
J was little Likelihood of its continuing in it, by his No-
iation of a Deputy* Govcrrtor, Col. Andrtw Hamxlton,^'^^'^^^^'^^'
Behaviour in the Jerfeys did rtot feem to recommend gJi,^^*^/'"
l^iD to the Proprietary's Choice in Penjylvania, where his
IGovernment gave Difcontent to fome principal Inhabitants.
IJu Parties fell into a Ferment, and Matters ran fo high, that
I have been infbrm'd they came to hanging on one Side or
jtherj but the Particulars not having come to our Know-
ge, we ihall be filent. Whether this Man, by favouring
lie Orthodox, which is very likely from his Charafter, and
ofe that Tided with them, provoked the others, who were
[Majority, we cannot decide; but it is certain hedifcharg-
hij Truft very unhappily, and was not very much la- 1704'
liiented when he died in the Year 1704.
Upon his Death Mr. Pen fent over Col. John Evans to be^"^ Evans
jputy-Governor, and he was approved by the Queen j iox^Jpp^/n^
the Lords Proprietaries at America, were, by Adl of V^T-thc§^<ein,
ent, obliged to have the regal Approbation for all the
lovernors they fent thither.

All Mr. P*«'s firft and fine Conftitution was, by this time,
Jeftroy'd, and this Province, like others, became governed
|by a Gtvernof, Council and JJfembly, each with much the
fime Power and Privileges with the Governor, Council znd<^»"f'i"'<'
#rf« of the other Colonies i but as to the Confirmation"'"*^'
iof Laws, this Colony differs from theirs ; for the Laws their
mbly prepare, are not fo liable to be abrogated in Eng-
- they are not obliged to fend thefe Laws to England to
confirmed by the King in Council in three Years, as the
\MajfachuJets; but only to fend a Tranfcript of their Laws to
the Privy- Council, within five Years after they are paft, and
IjfhisMajefty docs not think fit to repeal them in fixMonths
lom the time fuch Tranfcript is fo delivered, it is not in the
iFower of the Crown to repeal them afterwards.

The

■I

^^1

1 1

fil!

t«;>!'

3i6

->!«: -"i' H f

MMik

^e Hifiory o/Tenfylvania:

The People's Hearts here, and every where elfc in
Amirican Continent, .were much fet on Mines, and
P^», in the Account he gave of the Country, faid
Earth abounds with MiniSy Samplers of rmji Sorts ofoi
having been taken up in every County.

What he adds is certainly true j no Country in the Woi^
Is better ftored with Rivers and Creeks, moft of them nav
gable for Ships of Burden, and all of them for fmall Crafi
and iho* the Mines here, and thofe at Carolina y are byi
means like the Defcription the Proprietors gave of then
ycc if there's fuch Plenty of Iron-Stone or Ore here as
talk'd of, they need not want the Profit of Metal to enric
them. I take what follows out of a Letter Mr. Pen wrotl
me: " We confume about 180000/^. yearly of Emli]
Growth, and return of our Productions diredly, and bl
way of the Iflands, what augments the Revenue of thl
*' Crown 50000/, The Highlands of F/r^//?/tf and A/ar
** land are very profitable, having moderate Hills and larg
** Vales, full of Springs and little Rivers, emptying them]
'* felves into the two great Rivers Sufquehanagh and Dilai
ware, where Ships of the largeft Burden may ride, ij
Length is about 300 Miles, its Breadth 200. AH Pro
vifions are reafonable, bur Labour dear, which makes jg
a good poor Man's Country, Husbandmen and Mechanick
getting 15 and 20/. Wages /)t>r Annum for their Work]
befides Diet.'* Such as Cai penters, Smiths, Joiners, TayJ
lors, Shoemakers, Cartwrights, Shipwrights cannot wand
Work, there being always many Ships on the Stocks here]
tho' not fo many as at New- England. The Trade of all thd
Britijh Continent Colonies is much the fame, efpecially to ths
Sugar Iflands, which from Penjylvania is very confiderablej
m Corn^ Flower^ Uread^ Beef^ Pork^ Bacon^ Tallow^
Leather^ Starch , Stavi'i^ Jtieidifigy Boord^ Bricks^ 8oap\
Shingles^ Jpples^ &c. Finding thefe Particulars in the Bar\
bados Bills of Entry, I meniion them as being thereby veryl
furc of the Truffick, IVine from Madara and the Azom\
are imported here j but not in fuch Quantities as in the]
Iflands, where they have not the Drinks to ilipply the Place I
of Wine, as in New-England, Nrw-Tork and here; Cyder,
Jieer, and Ale being plenty, and for Goodncfs equal to our
bed: middling fort. Negroes fe'l here and in the other Con-
tinent Colonies very well; but not by Ship Loadings, as]
they have Ibmedmes done at Maryland and Virginia. The!
Trade with England from hence is the fame as the i
Trz6€ of London and the Country, and differing in nothingj
it need not be repeated. The Englijh here want and buy '

all!

«c

The Hijiory o/" Penfylvania.

I ^ Commodities that the Englljh do at home, which
.[he moft part may be faid of the IJJand Colonies alfo.
I I'lie Troubles that befel Mr. Pen^ the Proprietary of this
pnce, on Account of his Propriety, in the latter Part of
I Life, are of too private a Nature to have place in a
jjck Hiftory. He trufted an ungrateful unjuft Agent
J much with the Management of it j arid when he ex-
y to have been thoufands of Pounds the better for it,
nd himfelf thoufands of Pounds in Debt, infomuch that

^vas reftrained of his Liberty within the Privilege of
■ fleet, by a tedious and unfuccefsful Law-fuit, which,
jther with Age, broke his Spirits, not eafy to be broken,

render'd him incapable of Bufinefs and Society, as he
jwont to have been in the Days of his Health and Vi-
jir both of Body and Mind.

[Kothing remarkable happening in Penfylvania in the fol-
^ or 7 Years, we fliall infert tht Lift of the chief

cersintheColony in 1710, -

3»7

1 M.

^ Members of the Council.

01am Pen, Efq; Proprietary.
Col. John Evans Lieutenant-Governor.
iiu/ard Shippen, Efqj
Samel Carpenter, Efq;
William Trent, Efq;
fbomas Story, Efq;
Uard Hill, Efq;
William Rodney, Efq; I
hhbjexfy, Elq; • • ■

Jmei Logan, Efq; -J

Jofiph Growden, Efq; Speaker of the Affcmbiy.
%mas Story, Efq; Mafter of the Rolls.
Willim Clark, Efq;
Edward Shippen, Efq;
Jo/(ph Growden, Efq;
miliam Gue/i, Efq;
Col. Robert ^tarry. Judge of the Admiralty.
hmuel Carpenter, Efq; Treafurer.
Jama Logan, Efq; Secretary to the Government.
K, Lnuiher, Efq; Attorney- General.
Ptter Evans, Efq; Regi|ler.
Mr. Edward Pennington, Surveyor- General.
Utrt AJhton, Efq; Clerk of the Peace for the Town
Comtyoi Philadelphia.

}

Judges.

I The Office of Surveyor General is now managed by the
dcr Surveyors, accountable to ihe Secretary.

I find

\ 1

' k"'

k'T. ;•■'■■

I .1

i--'t

>iH ^

17 1 S.

9 1 8 ^e Hi/lory of Petixfy Ivan ig.

William I find no Governor between iCol. E'uam and WtWu.

Sl?r«.5^' ^^/V;^, Efq^ afterwards Sir Jf.illiam Kchh^ .foimeely Sutveyo
""x-jTe! General of the Cultoms in America^ who^was very acceL
ble to the Inhabitants, as appears by the Addrefies to hiai

In 1718 died Will'iam P<r», Efqj, who had for lomeim
lived a retired Life, not far from Reading in Berkjhm •
left this proprietary Country to his Son ^ but To greatly m
cutnber'd by the vaft Suras he had laid out upon it, and J
wnjufl: Dealings of his Agent, that Mr. Pen his Son hadlitd
»7=»' Benefit by it for Teveral Years. 1

Sir fVilliam Keith his Treaty with the Indians is fpokj
of in the Article of iVifu/-l^r if.

This Colony now incri^afed prodigioufly in Numbers (
People patenting and cultivating of Lands, in Shipping an
Trade. Nay, they had fome Manufaftures among then
but their Cloth was a coarfe.Sort, and ferved only for tti
Ufe of the common People. They now built many Ships j
Philadelphia^ Newcajile and other Ports, and fold thetn tl
the Sugar Colonies ; but the Country being not a quaJ
planted, and the Soil very good for Plantation, we cannd
but agree with the Refledtion of a Pen/ylvanian on the Al
(emb'y here laying a Tax of 5 s. />£r Head on all new Comer]
Ke» Comers up'^o which he thus reflcdts: " We have had fo tnanl
tax d. *' Vcflels from Ireland and Scotland, loaden with Paffeng
1729. <c ^Qj^ thj^^ Colony, that we began to be over thronged wia
Strangers; this occaGoned our grave Magiftrates to J
pofe a Tax to be laid upon all new Comers ; a ?x^M
lb contrary to the true Incereft of an unfinifhed haj
planted Colony, fuch as this is, that on the Reverfe;
" ought rather to nave exerted our uttnoft to have recei»
*' them chearfuUy, and laid them out Lands for their Settl
ment in the Country.

'' This Repulfe as it proved, has, fince that time, caufo|

feveral Ships, which were full of thefe People, to putj

at New-Jerfey^ New-Tork and Lor.g IJland, and otb

are gone to Nova Scotia , where they give them ail polBJ

Encouragement, to the ineftimable Lofs of this CoionJ

'' where we ftill want People, efpecially fuch as brou^

*' Subftance with them to plant, as moft of thefe did; i\

" feveral of thefe People are gone to South Carolina to 1

where they will not fail of Encouragement.

cc
<(

«
cc

cc
cc

,7«c. In the following Year 1730, there happen'd a terrible Fir

r,rt it Phi- in the new and fair City of PhikiM^^y which wasn

ladelphia, n ^f,^^^

lafge and populovs, and drove a very conlidereible
no she Britfj9>- ^Colonies and horae, of which (he

jng Particula#s were fcnt from Penfyhania. " Scfce
■M it began m a Srore-iioufe, among Rigging; others, in
iCopptt-^'^P- ^even lai;ge Store^houfes under one long
fttKjf on a Wharf, all belonging to Mr. Fijhburn^ were
fbfuddenly in Flames, that it was impoflible to favc much
of the Goods in richer of them. From chefe a vaft
fileofSmves tc^olc fire, which fo cncre? red the Heat,
that there was no coming near the Place. Many lefler
Piles of Staves and wooden Buildings were fo nigh, that
ill that End df -the Town was in imminent Danger • but the
jyjnd was low. Two Copper (tops in Kingjireet, at
the Weft-end of the Stre»t, communicated the Fire t»
two new Houfes of Mr. FiJhburn'Sy and at the fame
jifliefpread the Flames a-crofs that narrow Street to Mr.
YilAurn's Houfe, Mr. Plumjitd^s new Houfe, and Mr.
Dicitnfon's large fine Buildings, all which were reduced
to Allies, except Mr. Plumjied's^ which is not wholly
Mwy'd. Many Gentlemen have loft confiderable Quan-

tics of Goods and Furniture by this Fire and Thieves.

veral Gentlemen have taken this Occalion (for People

ould not be moved at another time) to make a Col-
leftion of Money for better Engines than we now have,
for good Buckets.

319

i :

:lU

lociatun

is Year the following Declaration was publifhed, relati«g ^j^^^

Currency of the Credit- Bills in Penfyhania : ** Where-^*'" f^'t^'^f

divers Adts have been paffed in the lower Counties 2J*"'

ipon Delaware for the EmilTion of Paper-Money, a con-

iderable Part of which, in the ordinary Courfe of Trade,

daily brought into this Province; and altho* the Crc-

lit thereof fubfifts on an equal Foundation with that

low current in Ptnfylvania ; yet its Circulation here has

in a great mealure unhappily ftop*d, to the Difcou-

igement of Trade, and Breach of that good Agreement

ought naturally to fubfiil between the Inhabi-

nts of thefe Counties and thofe of this Province, up-

!i Pretence that the Bills of Credit will not difcharge

be Engagements to the Loan- Office bf Pertfyhania j yet,

nafmuch as the -receiving the part of the prefent Cur-

ency of' the faid Counties in all Payments, will be no

nconveniency to the Borrowers here, and to the End that

he Value of the faid Paper-Credit may be kept, and the

jrue Defign and Intention thereof, viz. that of a Medium

Commerce,' fully anfwered, we whofe Names are un-

dcr-

^!l-

320

«(

Major Gor-
don GoVtT'

nor.

The Hiftory of Pcnfylvania.

** der-written have agreed, and do hereby promife
" oblige ourfelves, every Man for himfelf, that from
" after the 15 th Day of January inftant, we will ace
** and receive in all Payments of Money, now due to us

hereafter becoming due to us, on any Account whatfoevl

one fourth Part thereof in Currency of the faid CounJ
'* as the fame is now eftabli(hed, and ftands limited to
*' Sum of 12000/. promifing farther to do what in us 1

towards abolithing all Diftindbion between the (aid c]
*' rency and that of this Province, |

The AfTembly now fitting, paffed the following ^i
which the Governor. fignedj which Governor we itnagi
muft be Major Gordoriy for we find him fo to be in 175'

^aspafs'd. j£i for regulating Pedlar i and Vendues^ &c.

ASi for better enabling diver i Inhabitants oftheProvinct
Pcnfylvania, to hold Lands,, and to invejl themfelvei with]
Privileges of natural-born SubjeSis of the faid Province.

Aci for lending the Sum of T^coL in Bills of Credit
building a Prifon and Court- houfe in Lancafter County^ M

A Supplementary A£i to an A£i of AJfembly of the ?r J
entitled^ an A£i againji buying Land of the .Natives. 1

Aii laying an Excife on all fVine^ Rum, Brandy andnt
Spirits f retailed in this Province. j

ASf impoftng a Duty on Perfons ccnviSfcd of heinous Cni
and to prevent poor and impotent Perfons from being imm
into this Province. 1

ASffor continuing the Encouragement for raifing good M
and iwpofmg PenaUiss on Perfons manufa^uring unnurchai
tie Hemp into Cordage.

This A61 (hews us that fbme Progrefs had been imdcl
the Manufadure of Hemp, and great Pity it is, that prq
Encouragement has not been given for the raifmg of
in the Britijh Colonies for Manufadtur e, and fliipping
which would complete our Supplies of Naval Stores fromi
American Provinces, and free us from any Dependance
a Balti i Tra^e for them.

Haviiig mentioned a great Number of People trai
themfelves firom Irelan. md Scotland^ we think it prop
explain that Matter by the following Lift.

•r'.' i-^' ,it

■-■■»' I '

T!'

7he Hiftory ^Penfylvania.

of Paffingers and Servants landed in Peniylvania,
from Chrijimas 1728 t» Chrj/imas 172^,

321

j^„0 and J^el/h Paflengcrs

Scr\rants — — —

jrijb Paflengcrs

Servants

Scsts Paflengcrs

Servants

palatine Paflengcrs —

Servants

199

92s

230

000

245
000

In f^ewcajfle Government have been landed
about 4500 Paflengcrs and Servants, chiefly J'450o
from Ireland, •*

In all 6208

The Law which taxed new Comers was in a ftiort time ei-
jier repeal'd or fufpended, and the Penfyhanians were fo
nfible of their Miftake in that Law, that they encouraged .
Kir coming as much as any other of the Colonies, and ac-
brdingly have received thereby a farther Increafe of the In- "/S'*
[bitams through the whole Province ; which Increafe will

ar more plain by the Bills of Mortality for the City of

Yliikdelphia, by which it appears that 24, Perfons were buried

}i of that Town in the JVlonth of May, befides 10 Ne-

oes; that Month being generally one of the wholefomefi:

(onths of the Year, we may compute that at le?ft twelve

nes that Number, viz. 488 white Perfons, and 1 20 Ne- -'^"w^^'' «/

IS die in a Year; and if we take the common Calculation, ij^p^^'^eu
(itonein thirty die every Year, or the thirtieth Part of the Jhia.
opie, we mufl reckon the Number of People in that
bwn to be 12240, which Col putation makes the City of
liladilphia to be near as big and populous m :^q City of
fitir,

3n the iith of Auguji^ '*'3''» ^^'^'Ham Pen^ Efq; Son 1751,
I Heir to the late Proprietary Pen., arrived at Chejierin this ^'■' P*" '*'"■
pvincc, a I was received with great Mark^ of Honour, "*"'
cation and Efticem by the whole P'-ovince; many of
I went r<i meet him on Horeback. as Ibor. as they hciird of
i Arrival, io that before he gof to Philadelphia, his Caval-
tle amounted to 7 or 800 Hof fe ^ the Mayor, Recorder

Aldermen of PhUaddphia went out to meet nim in
|ir %maliticsj and the Recorder made hira a congratu-
ly Speech upon his Arrival : He was received every where

the joyful Acclamations uf Multitudes of People, all

Y cxprefling

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exprefHng their Satisfidion at feeing the Son o^ fb worthw
Father, v^ho h'ati eftablifhjt! fo juft arid well-r^ulatcd a o]
vernment, which will be a perpetual Teftimony of his Wifdo
and Prudence, as well as of his Benevdcnce to Mankind

Soon after his Arrival he met with the Heads of the fiv
now fix. Nations, who had met the late Governor Kthh
Albany fbme Years before, and the ancient Chain of Frien]
(hip with them was renewed. Upon which large Prcfen
were made them on the Part of the Government, Confiftino,
Blankets^KettlesyGunsyPowder^Shot^ &c. and the Proprieti
Mr. Pen prefented them with 6 Guns, curiouQy wrought i
Stocks inlaid with Gold, as a Mark of his Afredion one i
the King of each Nation.

Thefe Nations were then in Peace with the^r^flf^i,;
French Indians j but they had a little before fent to forli
their going on with a new Fort and Settlement which th
were eredling at Crown Point, and advifed them to remo
from thence, left their Proceedings (hould occafion a Rn
ture. This we take to refer to the Incroachments tnentiod
by Prefidcnt Van Dam oi New-York^ in his Letter to Govj
nor Belcher oi New-England before- mentioned.

In February 1733, we have an Account that there wa
very great Froft, the Ice was 15 Inches thick, and
River Delaware was quite faft, except a little Opening |
fore the Town ; the Froft in the River Skuy!kill was brd
up by prodigious Floods, occafioned by heavy Rains, andj
melting of the Snow on the Mountains, whereby the Rh
rofe feveral Inches in a Minute. By thefe Floods Tii
growing in the low Grounds, 01 a Foot over, were torn
by the Roots, and the Ferry- Boats, and a great deal of j
Caufeys were carried away ; fome Perfons and feveral
were drowned, and a great deal of other Damage done,
ticularly by the Flakes of Ice, which were piled up fo,
in Tome Places it lay above three Yards high.

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( 323 T

THE

HISTORY

MARYLAND,

CHAP. I.

fontalnlng an Account of its Difcovery, Set*
tlement, Progrefs, and prefent State.

HIS Province was always reckon'd a Part of

Virginia , till the Year 163 1, when K.mgCharlet

made a Grant of it to George Calvert s Lord Bal»

timorey of which ve have made fome mention

I the Hiftory of Virginia j when and by whom 'twas difco-

r'd, will there be feen. George Lord Baltimore not living

{fee his Grant made out, his Son Caciiius Calvert ^ Baron of

k'more in ihe Kingdom of Ireiand^ took it out in his own

ne, and it bears Date the 20th of June, 1672. Wfi

not better afcertain the Bounds of this Country, than by

king ufe of the Words of the Patent. *Tis all thai Pari

U Peninfula, fyit^ between the Ocean on the Eajly and ihi

|j«/Chefeapcak fl» the JVeJi^and divided from the other Part

\niht Line drawn from the Cape calFd Watkins Point,

me In the aforefiud Bay, ne^r the River of Wighco) m

I Wefl^ unto the main O^i^ftn en the ^oft, and between

V Bound on the South, unto that Part cf DeliV/irc Bay on

]A5w//;, luhich ^es UTuUr the ^{Oth Degree of Northern La^

p, &c. Jnd all that Tra^\f I^ttd from ihi aforefaid

* Y 9, Bay

Hull

*«.

324 ^e Ulftory <?/ Maryland.

Bay of Delaware, in a right Line by the Degree afortfaid ti
the true Meridian of the fitji Fountain of the River PatowJ
meek, and from thence tending towards the South, to thtfarthe
Hank of the aforefaid River y and following the iVefianilMi^
Side of it to a certain Place called Cinquack, ^/ao/^ ntarm
Alouth of the f aid River, where it falls into the Bay of Q^^
feapeak, and from therice hy a flraight Line to the aforelail
Cape, f/7//V Warkins Point, ^V. ^ ^

The King himfelf, when he fign'd the Patent, was pleafo
to give this Province the Name of Maryland, in Honour
his beloved Wife Henrietta Maria^ Daughter of Henry th,
I Vth of France. The Lord Baliimore held it of the Crowi
of England, in common Soccage, as of his Majefty's Ho
nourof IVindjor, holding and paying yearly for ever two /J
d'lan Arrows of thofe Parts at the Caftle of JVindfor. Th.
Power of this Proprietary is as fovereign as that of any il
America. 1

Maryland lies between 37 and 40 Degrees North LatI
tude, is bounded on the North by Penfylvania, Eaft
Delaware Bay and the Atlantick Ocean, South by VxtiirA
from whence 'tis divided by the River Patowmeck^ and We
by the Indian Nations.

The Lord Baltimore, having obtained this Grant, refolvJ
to go thither in Perfon ; but afterwards Changing his Mini]
he appointed his Brother, Leonard Calvert^ Efq; to go
vernor in his ftead, with whom he joined in CominilTKJ
Jeremy Hawley, Efqj and Thomas Cornwalils, Efq; TJ
firft Colony that was fent lo Maryland, was in the Year i6j|
tnd confifted of about 200 People. The Chief of th(
Adventurers were Gentlemen of good Families, and i?m
Catholicks -, for Perfons of that Religion being made une
in England, as well as Proteftant Diflcnters, they tranfpor^
themfelves to this Provir hoping to enjoy there theLibe
of their Confciences, un a Proprietary of their own ^
feffion, as the Lord Baltimore was. Thefe Adventurers fai
from Cowes, in '"he I/le oflVight, the 22d of November ^
having ftop'd ac Barbados and St. Qhrijiopher\ fome tin
arrived at Point Comfort in Virginia, the 24th of Fehru\
following. The Names of the principal Perlbns an
them wet^ as follows :

Leonard Calvert^ Efqj Governor.

Jeremy Hawley, (p. LCCfttsnts
Thomas Cernwallis, 5*^**1"* AAHtants.
George Calverf, EJfi Brother to the Governor.
Richard Gerardy Efqi

. . ■ EH

^e Hi/lory of Maryland.

HwardWinter^ Efq;
frtdtrick Winter^ Efij;
Htnry JVifemariy Efq;
Mr, John Saunders,
Mr. Edward Cranjield,
Mr. Henry Green^

325

Mr. Nicholas Fairfax^
Mr. John Baxter,
Mr. Thomas Dorrel,
Capt. 7fl^« ///•//,
Mr. y<?^« Medcalfe and
Mr. IViUiam Saire.
Xhcy carried Letters in their Favour from his Majefty
leie Governor of Virginia, who treated them in his Pro-
fiflce with great Humanity. On the 3d of March they left
}Knt Comfort, and came to Patowmeck River, which is a-
liout 24. Leagues diftant. The Governor called the South
Point of the River St. Gregor/s, and the North Point St,
jiicbaeFs. Sailing up Patowmeck 1 4 Leagues, they came to
ftrw Ifland, and anchored under a neighbouring Ifle, to
which they gave the Name of St. Clement's. Here Mr.
Cilvtrtj in his fuperftitious way, fet up a Crofs, and took
Poffeflion of the Country for our Saviour^ and for our So-
mitt Lord the King of England. He went 4 Leagues
iiigher up the River, with two Pinnaces, to make Difcoveries;
ind landing on the South'-fide, found the Indian: were fled
ibr Fear. Thence he failed 9 Leagues higher, and came
to Patowmeck Town, where the Werowance being a
Child, Archihau his Uncle governed his Territories in his
Minority, and received the Englijh in a friendly Man-
Ijer, From Patowmeck the Governor went to Pifcatta-
1^, about 20 Leagues higher, where he found many //z-
uw aflembled, and among them an Englijhman^ Capt.
hnx) Fleet, who had lived there feveral Years in great Efteem
ith the Natives. Capt. Fleet brought the Werowance or
rince aboard the Governor's Pinnace, to treat with him.
Ir. Calvert ask'd him, whether he v/as willing he and his
•eople fliould fettle in his Country, in cafe they found a Place
venient for them. The Werowance reply'd, / will not
m go, neither will I bid you flay ; but you may ufe your
vDifcreiicn. The Indians finding the Werow'ance ftaid
ard longer than they expei^ed, crowded down to the
ater-fide, to look after him, fearing the Engli/b had kill'd
im, and they were not fatisfy'd till he (hewed himfelf to
im to appeafe them. The Natives who fled from St.
\limnt's Ifle, when they law the Englijh came as Friends,
limed to their Habitations ; and the Governor not think-
it advifeable to fettle (b high up the River, in the In-
icy of the Colony, fent his Pinnaces down the River, and
m with Capt. Fleet to a River on the North Side of Pa-
meek, within 4 or 5 Leagues of its Mouth, which he
led St. George's River. He went up 4 Leagues in his
ing-Boat, iind came to the Towa of Toamaco, from

Y 3 whence

.'- I

t ,

1^1

326 The WJlory of Maryland.

whence the Indians of that Neighbourhood are called JJ*
macoes. The Governor landed, and tteated with the Wcra
wance there, acquainting him with the Occafion of hi
Coming J to which the Indian faid little, but invitin* hii
to his Houfe, entertain'd him very kindly, and gave bfm i^
own Bed to lie on. The next Day he fliew'd him the Coua
try, and the Governor determining to make the firft Settle
ment there, order'd his Ship and Pinnaces to come thith^
to him. To make his Entry the more fafe and peaceable I
prefented the Werowance and Wifos, or principal Men
the Town, with fome Englijh Cloth, Axes, Houghs an
Knives, which they accepted very kindly, and freely coij
fented that he and his Company fhould dwell ih one Part c,
their Town, referving the other for themfelves. Thofe U
dians who inhabited that Part which was afligned the EnM
readily abandoned their Houfes to them, and Mr. Cahd^
immediately fet Hands to work to plant Corn. The N^
tives agreed farther toleava the whole Town to i\iQ Englijh \
foon as their Harvelt was in, which they did accordinoli
and both Indians and Englijh promifed to live friendly togS
ther. If any Injury was done on either Part, the Natio
offending was to make Satisfaction. Thus on the 27th c
March ^ i<^34j the Governor look Poffeflion of the Towi|
and named it St. Mary*s. '

There happened an Event which very much facil
this Treaty with the Indians. The Safquehanockiy a warlilj
People, dwelling between Chefeapeak Bay and Delawarehi
were wont to make Incurlfeiis on their Neighbours, parti
for Dominion, and partly for Booty, of which the Wonid
were, moft deftred by them. The Toamacoes fearing thej
Safquehano.ki, had, a Year before the Englijh arrived, xl
folved to delert their Habitations, and remove higher ibtf
the Country j many of them were adually gone, and th
^ reft preparing to follow them. The Ship and Pinnaces i\
riving at the Town, the Iiidians were amazed and terrifj
at the Sight of them, cfpecially when they heard their Ci
non thunder, when they came to an Anchor.

The firft thing Mr. Cihert did, was to fix a Court

Guard, ^nd ere<9t a Store-houfe \ and ,he had not been thfil

many Days, before Sir John Harvey^ Governor of Pir^inii

came thiibur to vifit him, as did feveral Indian V/ciowma

and many other Indians, from feveral Parts of the Continent]

Among others came the King of Patuxent, and being carried !

board the Ship, then at Anchor in theRiver, was placed betwee

the Governor oi Virginia and the Goytxnox oi Mar^land^m

Entertainment made for him and others. A Patuxent India

coming abo:ird) and feeing hi$ King thus feated, i^arti

» baci

I, and Mr. Cahtl

fhe Hi/lory ^Maryland.

Ildf, thinking h? was furprizedi he would have leap'dover-
^fi and <;Quld not be perfuaded to enter i he Cabin, till
|eWcrpW»nce himfelf came ^nd f^iisfy'd him he was in no
pjBger. This King had formerly been taken Prifoner by the
^qlijh of Virginia. After the Store-houfe was finifli'd, and
,1,, Ship unladen, Mr. Calvert order'd the Colours to be
^bt afliore, which was done with great Solemnity, the
Geotletnen and their Servants attending in Arms j fevcral Vol-
Ijesof Shot were fired a Ship-board and alhore, as alfo the
Cinnon, at which the Native* were ftruck with Admiration,
iidiat leaft as had not heard the firing of Pieces of Ordnance
^ore, to whom it could not but be dreadful.
The Kings of Patuxent and Toamaco were prefent at this
Ceremony, with many other Indians of Toamaco j and the
l^erowance of Pmuxent took that Occafipn to advife the
yiim of Toamaco to be careful to keep the League they
tid made with the Englijh. He ftaid in the Town feveral
Days, and was full of his Indian Compliments : When he
fflitaway he made this Speech to the Governor; / love the
Eoglilh Jo well, that if they jhould go about to kill me, if I
laifo much Breath as to /peak, I would command the People
utto revenge my Death; for I knoiv they would not dofuch a
^ir.^^ except it were through my own Fault.
This infant Colony fupplied themfelves with Indian Com
^Barbados, which at their firft Arrival they began to ufe,
(tofave their Englijh Store of Meal and Oat-meal.) The
Itim Women perceiving their Servants did not know how
todrefsitj.made their Bread for them, and taught 'em to
do it themfelves. There was Indian Corn enough in the
Country, and thefe new Adventurers foon after fliip'd oflF
loooo Buihels for New-England, to purchafe Salt Filh and
other Provifions. While the Indians and Englijh lived at St.
Marfs together, the Natives went every Day to hunt with
ilienewO)mcrs for Dear and Turkies, which when they
iiad caught, they gave to the Englijh, or fold for Knives,
Beads, and fuch Trifles. They alfo brought them good
Store of Fifli, and behaved themfelves very kindly, fuHering
their Women and Children to come among them, which
was a certain Sign of their Confidence in them. 'T was a great
Advantage to the firft Colony in J\daryland, that they took
"^ofleflion of a Town, about which the Ground was ready
deared to their Hands, which gave them an Opportunity to
;ant Corn, and make Gardens, where they fow'd Englijh
eds, and they thrived wonderfully. They were very indu-
ious to build Houfes,for they found only Huts; but before
could accompliih thofe things to thdr Satisf^ion , Capt.

Y 4 Cleyhourne^

327

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■:S.. I ■ "7

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fi!

328 The Htjlory of Maryland.

Cleybourn/f one of the Council oi Virginia, (who had in vi
to cngrofs all the Trade of thofc Parts to himfclf ) threw om
Words among the Indians, which gave them Caufe to fufpefl
that the Adventurers who came to Maryland were not whal
they pretended to be, Englijhmen, but Spaniards, and Ene
mies to the Firginians. The Natives were fo fimple as not tc.
fee he impofed on them, as they might have foon found ou]
by the Likenefs of the Englijh in Maryland to thofe in nrgi]
nia, as well in their Garb and Cuftoms^ as their Language and
Trade ; yet fuch was their Stupidity, that they took wha
Cleybourne infinuated for Truth, and grew (hy to the EngM
at St. Mary's. The latter, alarmed at this Alteration in iheil
Carriage, thought of being on their Guard, and gave ovei
building Houfes to fet all Hands to work towards eredingi
Fort, which was finiflied in fix Weeks time, and mounted
with Ordnance. After that they renewed chcir Labour aboul
their Houles, and in a Year or two's time there were 50
60 at St. Mary's Town: But the Humour of Plantations ha,
fo far hinder*d its Progre(s, that there are not many mm
even at this Day.

The new Comers furniflied themfelves with Hogs,Poultr
and feme Cows from Virginia, and the Country wa
fettled with fo much Eafe, and fo many Conveniences!
that it foon became populous and flourilhing ; for feveral fu|
ture Companies went thither, and chiefly Perfons of th|
Romijh Church, as has been hinted. The Country oiYoamac[
being desired entirely of the Natives, the Englijh plante
it, and the Governor gave the River the Name of Sd
George's. Thofc that fettled here firll were taken withl
Diftemper fomewhat like an Ague, which they called a 5w
fining^ of which, for fome Years, many died, for want 1
good looking to, and through their own ill Condud ; bu
fince the Country has been more open*d, by the cutting dowJ
of the Woods, and that there is better Accommodation 1
Diet and Lodging, with the Improvement of the Inhabitant!
Knowledge in applying Phyfical Remedies, very few die 1
thefe Seajonings; and fome that come over ftom En^lan
or elfewhere, never have them at all.

The Government of this Colony, when it began to groiij
more numerous, was framed much after the Model of th
in England. The Governor had his Council in the NaturJ
of the Houfe of Lords, and Privy-Council in England', and
when the Country was divided into Counties, each haj
Reprefentatives in the Affembly of the Province, and thelT
Reprefentatiyes form'd the Lower-Houfe ; the Upper Hoalj
coniifting of the Governor and Council, and fuch Lords (

.3 Manon

ne Wftory 0/ Maryland.

iKmors and others, as the Lord Proprietary, or his Lieuto-
L from time to time (hall call thither by Writ. This
'ibly the Proprietary, or his Deputy, conven'd, pro-
i, or diifolved at Pleafure ; and their Adts being ra-
by the Proprietary, or his Deputy, were of the fame
tc there, as an Ad of Parliament is in England^ and
Ljnot pafs, or be repealed, without the concurring AflTent
^the Lord Proprietary, or his Deputy, with the other two

329

Kext to this Legiflttive Court was ereded the Provincial
Oourt, which is holden every Quarter in the City of St. Ma-
jj, This is the chief Court of Judicature, where the moft
ijportant judicial Caufes arc tried ; of which, in the Ab-
jtncc of the Lord Proprietary, the Lieutenant, or Governor
md Council, are Judges. This Court is for the whole Pro-
flflcc; but for each particular County there are other inferior
Courts, which are held fix times in the Year, in each of thefe
Counties, for Trial of Caufes not relating to Life, nor crceed-
Bg the Value of 3000 Weight of Tobacco, with Appeals
iojnthem to the Provincial Court.

Having mentioned the Counties in this Province, we muft
obfcrve, that as the Number of the Inhabitants encreafed,
Mr, Calvert^ the Governor, thought fit to divide the Coun-
pyinto Shires ; of which there were at firft but lo, as 5 on
theWeft-fideof the Bay o^ Che/eapeaky and 5 on the Eaft-
lide. Thofe on the Weft-fide were St. Mary\ Charles^
Calvtrt, Ann Arundel, and Baltimore ^ to which has lately
been added Prince George County^ which makes the whole
II in all. Thofe on the Eaft-lide were, and ftill are, Somer-
||<f, DorcheJliT^ Talhoty Cecil and Kent Counties. There
were Towns laid out in each of them, but they never came
toPcrfedion; and for the fame Real'on that there are no
Towns in Virginia^ which the Reader will find in the follow-
ing Pages.

The Governor built a Houfe in St. Maryh for himfei. uid
Succeffors, and governed the Country till the Diftradtions
happened in England, when the Name of a Papift became fo
obnoxious, that 'twas not likely the Puritans, who were then
uppermoft, would leave any Power in the Hands of a /?<?-
MB Catholick, The Parliament afllimed the Government
of this Province into their own Hands, and appointed
|£(q; to be their Governor herej but upon the King's Refto-
ration the Lord Baltimore recovered the Right of his abfo-
lute Propriety^ and about the Year 1662, fent over his Son,
\ Charles Calvert, Efq; the prefcnt Lord Baltimore, to be
I iiis Governor^ and Mr. Calvert lived there almoft twenty

Years,

'C- ¥<M

^rr.,-v I

a^\^

^^.M

230 TJbe Hijhry of Maryland,

Years, a long time after his Father died, and hia Title tti
Eftate fell . to him. )iy his Wifdom and Prefencc this Cc
iuny fiouriihed apace> and there were computed to be i($oo(i
Souls in Alary land^ (o long ago as the Year 1665.

All the Indian Nations about this Province fubmitted td
the Lord Proprietary of Maryland^ and put thcmfelves undc
his Prote(^ion ^ fo that in the Year 1 6(^3, one Naocajfo^ wbj
waschofen Emperor of Pifcattaway (that is, he was advance
to an Office of more Authority than the reft of the IndlA
Kings or Werowances) was not thought to be abfoluteiy com
firmed, till Mr. Charles Calvert, now Lord Baltimortj ap]
proved of their Choice. |

The Lord Baltimon was at a vaft Expence to bring tbij
Province to its prefent Pcrfedion ^ and allowing for his Par]
tiality to the Roman Catholicks, which, in a great meafure
belpt tQ lofe him the Governtnent of it, he behaved himlel|
with fo much Juftice and Moderation, while he kept thd
Power in his own Hands, that the Inhabitants lived eafily and
happily under him. They flouriHied and encreafed in Nuo
ber and Riches. He procured an kGt of AiTembly, for Lii
berty of Confcience to all Perfons who profefs ChriftjanityJ
tho' of different Perfualions. By which nieans ProteiiaJ
Diflcnters, as well as Papifts, were tempted to fettle there]
and that Liberty having never been infringed in any manner]
is a fcvere Refledlion on thofe pretended Proteftants in otheJ
Colonies, where Difleaters have been opprefs'd ^ while here]
under a Popifli Proprietary, they enjoy'd all the Rights, Lil
berries and Privileges of Englijhmen, as far as the Laws per]
tnitted them.

But notwithftanding all his Lord(hip*s Care to prevent an]{
Rupture wich the Indians, when they were at War with th
Virginiansyihcy committed fome Hoftilities in the Year 1677J
on the Eaft-lide, and killed four Men and a Woman neaf
Nomani, which put the Colony in Fears of farther Mif
chief ^ however that Cloud blew over, thofe that did th^
Mifchief were punirti'd, and no more Blood was
in the Qiiarrel. While the Lord Baltimore lived here,
married one of his Daughters to Col. Diggs, a Gentlemaij
of the Country, of great Intereft in it, and a conliderabk
Merchant or Fador alfo. But when the Lord Propietar
removed to England, he did not appoint him to be Deputy]
but put in mother Gentleman, whole Name we have no
been able to learn, nor that of his Succeflbr, in whofe tia
the Government of England tcx)k from the Lord baltimri
that of Maryland. And we nr,u^ obferve. King Jamti II]
intended to take it from him bvvtQ*^ the Revolution, inilig

*nbf Hiftory of Maryland.

led to it by F»ttwr PeUri. What Reafon that Jefuit had to

L the Lord Baltimore fuch a DiOervice we know nor, and

Lould have thought the Agreement between Father Ptuts

U this Lord in Religion, light have influenced the Prieft

Lore in his Favour. But 'tis very certain that he was the

irftlnftrument of the Lord Proprietary's lofing the Govern-

Unt; and perhaps the Court might think, that as much

i] the Papifts were favoured in Maryland, they might hope

for more Favour from a Proprietary of their own perfccuting

Principles. The Lord Baltimore might have expcdbed more

Lnjuftice from a King of his own Religion j yet his Patent

Ljs then queftioned, and 'tis ftippofed the Prerogative of

Uming a Governor would have been taken from hira, if

Kin^ Jamti had not abdicated his own Government. After

the Revolution, this Lord had no Reafon to look for any

thing but ftri6t Juftice; for 'twas known he was not a little

IimIous in oppoling it.

King ^»///fl'w 1H» of glorious Memory, being fettled on
Uc Throne, the Steps that were taken for annexing the Go-
wrnment of Maryland to the Crown in King James's Reign,
were with much more Reafon continued; and after along
Udexpenfive Difpute at the Council Board, the Lord Bai-
llirne was deprived of that Part of his Power, and the King
appointed Sir Edmund Andros to be Governor of Maryland^
who called an AlTembly, which in the Year 1692, pafl: an
Aft to recognize King If^illiam and Queen jl^a;/s Title i
jnd there having been great Confufion in the Courts of Ju-
dicature, by reafon of the Alteration in the Conftitution of
the Government in Maryland, an Adl paft, to make all the
Proceedings at Law valid, except where there were any
Errors in any Procefs and Pleas. It provided alfo, that the
Year 1690 and idpi ftiould not be accounted, concluded
lind meant in the Statute of Limitations.

We find Sir Edmund Andros did not adt fo inofFenfively as

I might be wiflied in a Governor j for when Qo\.* Francis

mchoJfin, whom King William appointed to fucceed him,

ametothe Government, in the Ad: which pafl: to eftablilK

imd ratify all Adtions, Suits, Caufes and Proceedings in all

Courts, ^c. And all Officers, Civil and Military, for, in,

or by reafon of any legal Ading or Proceeding in their re-

meftive Offices and Stations, from the Accefs of Sir Edmund

Androfs^ to the then Governor, Francis Nicholfon, Efq^ his

Arrival, any Claufe, Imperfedion, or want of Authority in

I the faid Sir Edmund Andros^ or his Commiffion notwith-

iding, there is this Provifo ^ Provided nothing in this A£i

\^llju^i/y Sir Edmund AndrosV ta^ng and dijpofwg of the

publiiik.

331

"Si

332 72^ Hifiory ^Maryland.

piibltck RtvinutSy or debar the Ajftnikly^ or any elhtr Ptrfn]
of thtir Right or Claims to the J ami. '

The Government of this Province is now the (ame witi
that of the other Colonies, which are immediately unde
the Crown ; by a Governor made by the King or Queen
Council named by the fame, and an Affembly chofcn by th]
eleven Counties. The Lord Proprietary dill enjoys the Pro]
fits of the Province, arifing by certain Revenues granted w
him by fcvcral Aflcmblies, as a Duty on each HogOiead
of Tobacco exported, and other Incomes ; which, with tW
Sale of Ldnds uncultivated and unpurchafed, amount to I
confidcrable Sum yearly ; and the Duty of Tobacco increafJ
ing, as that Producfk incrcafes, 'tis probable that Revcnud
will one Day rife to a very great Sum. Bclidcs this, tW
Lord Baltimore has a large Plantation at Mettopany ^ and id
the Whole, his Eftate and Intereft in this Province arc vej
well worth his Care to maintain them.

About the Year 1(^92, the Lord Bidiop of Londan appointJ
ed Dr. Thomas Bray to be his Commiflary in Maryland. Thai
Do(flor went over thither to fettle the Churches, accordinji
to the Rites and VVorlliip of the Church of England. Fo?
by an Aft of Affembly in the fame Year, the eleven Countie
were divided into thirty Pariflies, (ixtcen of which are fupJ
ply'd with JMiniflers, who have a competent Maintenanca
fettled upon them, with Glebes and other Advantages. LiJ
braries are fix'd, and many thoufand prad^ical and devotional
Books have been difperfed among the People, by the ailidu
ous Care of Dr. Bray^ who (laid there two or three Years.

Belides thefe Churches are feveral Chapels, and the Num-
|?er of Papifts and Diflencers are not inconfiderabie. MrJ
George Mac queen and Mr. Robert Keith h^ave been employ'dl
by the Society for propagating the Gofpel in foreign Parts!
to advance that good Work herej but 'tis faid the ^wa/fdrJ
and Papijis equally ob/hu£i it. I

A very ingenious Mjvi, who was in this Provintie in Col.|
Kidoljhn's time, fends this Account of the State of it to the
Royal Society : ** The Inhabitants of Maryland are govcm'd

by the fame Laws as in England^ except that they bavcj

(bme Ads of Aflembly relating to particular Cafes, not pro.!

vided for by the Laws of England. The Church ofEnN
** land is pretty well eftablifhed among them ; Churches are}
•* built, and there's an annual Stipend allowed to every Mini-
*' Iter, by a perpetual Law ; which is more or lefs, accord-
** ing to the Number of Taxables in each Parifli. Eve7|
** Chriftian Male i() Yerjs old, and Negrpcs Male and Fe.
•' male above that Age, pay 40 lb, of Tobacco to the Mi-

[' nlfter,!

The Wftory o/' Maryland.

hfliler, which is l«vy*d by the Sheriff among other publick
1*1 Revenues, and this makes the Revenues of the Minillers,
rone with another, about aooooM. of Tobacco, or loo/,
I" Sterling a Year. It has been the Unhappinefs of thif
|> Country, that they had no Proreftant MinillcrR hardly a-
' Biong them till Governor NicholfotCs time (who has been
[••a great Promoter and Encourager of the Clergy) hut
I" now and then an itinerant Preacher came over, of very
Ploofe Morals, and fcandalous Behaviour; k. that what

Y with fuch Mens ill Examples, the Roman Pricfts Cunning,
'' and the Quakers Bigotry, Religion was in a manner turn'd
"out of Doors: But, by Col. Nicholfoti's Protedlion, the

I" Face of it mended, and the orthodox Churches wero
|« crowded as full as they could hold. The People grew fen-
•< fible of the Remijh Superftition and the Enthufiafm of the
" Quakers, infomuch that their Parties, joining now both
" together, are very inconfiderable to that of the Church of
" England. Indeed the Quakers ftruggle hard to maintain
« their Footing ; and their Teachers (efpecially of the Fe-

Y male Sex, who are the moft zealous) arc very free of their
" Reflexions and Scandal againft theorthodoxDivincsandPro-

Y feflbrs. The People here have not yet found the jivay of aflb-
" ciating themfelvcs in Towns and Corporations, by reafon of
" the Fewnefs of Handicrafts- men. There are indeed feveral
" Places allotted for Towns; but hitherto they are only titu-
" lar ones, except Annapolis^ where the Governor relides
'' Col. Nicholfon has done his Endeavour to make a Town

I" of that Place. There are about 4.0 Dwelling Houfes in
it, 7 or 8 of which can afford a good Lodging and Ac-
|''commodations for Strangers. There are alfo a State-
"houfeand a Free-School, built with Brick, which make
''* a great Shew among a Parcel of Wooden HouCes ; and the
Foundation of a Church is laid, the only Drick Church in
I" Maryland, They have two Market Days in a Week,
" and had Governor Nicholfon continued there a few
I*' Months longer, he had brought it to Perfedion.
Col. Nichoi/en mightily promoted the Advancement of Re-
gion in this Province, as did his SucceCTor Col. Nathaniel
\B(ackiJlon, with whom the Country, tho* healthy in itfelf,
' not agree, and he was forced to return to England for
I the Recovery of his Health; in wbofe ftead her Majefly way
pleafed to make Col. IVilliam Seymour Governor of this Pro-
vince, who^ in September. 1703, embark'd aboard the Dread-
vmgkMxa, of War, which, with others, was appointed to
convoy tht Virginia' and Maryland outward bound Fleet j
{but being Separated from the reft by Strefs of Weather, the

Governor

333

\:-

/■ I

334 77je Hiflory of Maryland,

Governor put into Barbados^ where be arrived the id
February. The Ship was forced off the Coafts of Mank
by contrary Winds, and did not arrive in the Bay rill ^Z
or May, 1704; fo that Col. Seymour vzs near 8 Months ii
his Voyage, which is commonly made in 6 Weeks. Thi
Governor has given general Satisfaction to the Inhabitanis,
and is indeed a Man of Honour, worthy the Poft her Majell'
has been pleafed to continue him in to thi^ i.me.

It cannot be expeded that we ihould be able to give a;
perfed an Account of every Colony, as we have done ol
NeW'England^ Virginia, Carolina, Barbados, and feme O'
thers. Our Helps have not been at all equal, tho'ourA
plication has. Thofe Gentlemen to whom we applied, wlioi
could have given its full Information, and neglcded it, an.
to anfwer for what is iraperfed in this Hiftory of Maryland
which is however the largeft that has been publiflied; and had
we been better fupplied with Memoirs, we ihould have given
a better Account of this Colony, which we confefs deferv'd
it. The Gentlemen concerned in it will excufe us, when
we tell them we have done our beft, and in another Impref-
lion (hall enlarge in our Hiftory of Maryland^ if they will
tranfmit us ^Materials, to enable us to do it. We kept this
Account backward, in hopes of fuch AfTiftance; and perhaps
theie Gentlemen will be as angry with themfelves as with
us, when they fee how induftrious we have been in the Hiiio-
Ties of thofe Countries that we were fully inform'd about,
and what a Figure they make in the Brltijh Empire in Ami-
ricay where Maryland is fer from being the leaft confiHerable
Portion of it. *Tis true it does not increafe much in Towns,
and thofe that are honoured with the Name, would not pals
for any thing but little Villages in other Countries. This, as
has been hinted in Virginia,- is the Humour of the Inhabi-
tants, and all Endeavours to bring them to build and fettle at
Annapolis, or IVilliamJiadt, have been inefFedtual. Thofe
two Towns are not bi^er than they were, if they hold to
be ib big ; and there are Villages in Penfylvania, which may
vie with them for Number of Ho^ifes and Inhabitants.

The Lord Baltimere difputed at Law with Mr. Pen for the
Propriety of that Part of Penfylvania, known by the Name
of the Three Lower Counties, as if it had been included
within his Patent for Maryland-, but Mr. Pen has maintain'd
his Title, and 'tis probable will always maintain it againftthe
Lord Baltimore's to thofe Countries. Penfyhania has lately
endeavoured at a Tobacco Trade; but Maryland mi Vir-
ginia will hinder the Progrefs of any other Colony in this
Commodity: They liave bcea ioDg.feuledjinit, and can make

enough

ne Hiflory ^Maryland.

Ijjiugh to fupply ill the Markets irt the World ; and their
^(Wig this Traffick wholly prevents their falling into that
l^pitiVifionsfo much as New- England^ New-York^ PenJyU
\^ and Carolina^ which Provinces may flourifli by that
f^ideand Manufadhire, and leave to Virginia and Maryland
jlirrtaturil Trade; for by their long Continuance and Per-
in it, it deferves that Name. ^

C H A P. II.

Containing a Geographical Defcription of the Province
of Maryland ; an Account of the Climate, Soil,
Produd, Animals, Trade and Inhabitants, Eng-
lijh and Indian.

I HO' we have given aiarge Defcription o^ Virginia^

and the Bay of Chefeapeaky and have alfo fee out the

Uiids of Maryland, as we found it bounded in the Lord

|PfOprietary's Patent ; yet having had, fome Years fince, a
opiete and diftind Account of both Provinces from an
tnious Gentleman, an Inhabitant of the Place, with whom

Ichave been long acquainted, the Reader will be better
isfy'd to fee what he fays, than to take it from us : Such
B is the Defcription communicated to us by Mr. PhiU-
\ Lloyd of Maryland ; " The Colony of Ftrginia and Pro-

' ?ince ef Maryland are .fituate upon the Bay of Chefea-

^ flaky whofe Mouth or Inlet is between the Capes call'd
Cape Hinry and Cape Charles, and yet fo as neither of
the Provinces is placed on one particular Side, but are
both of them on each Side water'd by that commodious
y, which divides as it were in half both Governments ;
fo that Part of the Colony of Virginia is on the Weft-
Side of the faid Bay, and the other Part on the£aft-Side,
the Bay running through the Center of them. The Co-

' Ibny of Virginia on the Weft-iide of the Bay, is divided

itam Maryland by the great River Paiowmecky and on the

Y Eaft by tik River Pokomaak, whofe Head lies near the

f Seato the'Eaftward. The Boundary of the Province of

Ma^yhnd ht^m at the River of Patswrntck, and runs

' itdRii 'i\kt Bay^ide Northwards, till it interieds a Line

;dn»lDi >W«ft fMim the Mouth o^ Maimrt Bay, iituate

335

►.i

¥t

1. •

'\m> I ^ "l

ih \

33^

7T!)e Hiftory ^Z' Maryland.

in 40 Degrees North Latitude^ having for its Bounds
the Weft high Mountains, and on the £aft the faid b]
TheEaftern Side of the Province of .M?ry/<w»</ is bound
on the Weft by the Bay of Chtfeaptaky on the Eaft by 1
main Ocean, on the North by Delaware Bay, and on i
Sotich by the River Pokomoaky which is the Line of Dil
fion between it and the Colony of f^irginia. ThepJ
vince of Mary/and is divided into eleven Counties, fix]
the Weftern, and five on the Eaftern Side of the b]
" Thofe on the Weftern Side are St. Mary\ Charles^ Prin
George^ Calvert^ jfnn-Jtundel^ and Baltimore Countii
Thofe on the Eaftern Side of the Bay are Somerfet, Di
chejier^ Talbot^ Kent^ and Cecil Counties. This Provin]
" has but one City in it; call'd the City of St. Marl
from whence one of the Counties took its Name,
ing commodioufty fituate between the Rivers of jPfl/«i
*' meek and Patuxent. This was formerly the Seat of 1
** vernmenc, and the Place where the Rcprefentatives of [
" fevcral Counties aflembled, to concert and determine thin
for the Good of the Colony. There are alfo twopij
cipal Towns, call'd by the Names of Ports, as the pJ
ofJnapolisy and the Port of Williamjiadt, There arc]
vcral other Towns, but of no Confideration. The prin
pal Rivers of this Province are Patowmeck^ which divides!
from the Colony of Virginia-^ Patuxent and 8m
on the Weftern Shore j and on the other Side are Chipu\
Chejhr and Safafras of greateft Note. The Extent
the Province of Maryland runs further Northward th
the Head of the Bay of Chefeapeak^ being lituate on
^* Sides of it. , , . „.

In fpeaking of the Counties, we (hall begin witht^j
on the Weft- fide of the Bay.

St. Mary's is the firft of thefe, and is bounded thus : It j
gins at Point Look-out^ and extends along Patmmeck Rivj
to the lower Side of i?a<i's Creek, and foover to the Hejdl
Indian Creek in Patuxent River. .About the Year m
fome Medicinal Waters were difcovered in, this County, \
the Cool Springs^ which the Government order'd ftiQulllj
purchafed, with the Land about it, and Houfes built forj
Entertainment of the Poor. In the City of St. MfitffM
General Court is holden, for which, there's a Stat^-hq
and the Council is kept the firft tuefday 'mSept§mberi Nfvt$
ber^ January^ March w^d June for Orphans. ...This '
chooles two Citizens to reprelent the reft in the A0emb
and the Government is by a Mayor^JRccorder^ Alde^f
aud Common-Council} tho' true iiis^M\Jid^M^^

«c

<c
c(
cc
<c

cc
<(
cc
cc
«c
cc
cc

cc
cc

ven Counties, fix!

lall begin wi(htl;d

Titf Hiftory £/* Maryland.

lit We been fpared* and confidering there are not above

jjloufes in it, and fince AnapoHs has been made the Seac

f jufticc, and the publick Offices, there's no great Likeli-

^that the City of St. Mary*s will increafe much in the

Kiunberof its Houfes and Inhabitants.

Uittapany in fJ- ; Country is noted only for having been

• Lord Baltmo Seat, when he dwelt in this Country.

je he built a tk,ii'dfom Houfe, tho* raore for Convenience

I Magnificence J it ftands near the Mouth of the River

^ttuxtnt. In St. Mary*s County are the Pariihes of St,

jAb's, St. Clement's and Herwngtofty the bttcr ufurping the

llitwofa Town.

C arles County Bounds begin on the upper Side of Indian
Jfek and Bud's Creek, where St. Mar/a County ends,
ex ends to Matiatueman Creek, including all the Land
on the upper Part of Bud's Creek and Indian Creek
aches. In this County the chief Places or Pariihes are
)nhl and Pifcattaway,

Prince George's County is the neweft in the Province,

laid out, A. D. 1695. It includes the Land from the

er SiHe of Mattawoman and Swanfon's Creek, extending

wards by Pantowmeck in the Weft, and PatuxtntKwtt in the

In this County is tfaeParifh oiMaJierkmty and others.

\Caktrt County borders upon Charles Countv, from

Uch 'tis divided by the FLiver Patuxent, as alfo front

nee George's County. In this County are three Towns or

jilhes, Harrington, fVarringtony and Calvirton.

\ hi- Arundel and 5fl///»jortf Counties ate divided by three

irW Trees, (landing about a Mile and a Quarter from

Hn Creek, on the Weft- fide of Chefeapeak Bay, and

fb Divifion runs thence Weft, till it crofles the Road from

[Mountains of the Mouth of Maggaty River to Rick

id's Mill, and fo continues Weft ward to two mark'd

8, one for Ann-Arundel, the other for Baltimore Coun«

I Bid ftill continues Weft from Maggoty and Potopjco Ri-

n, till it comes to a Mountain of white Stone, from thence-

I the main Road to Potopfco Ferry^ and two mark'd Pines

ten It large on the Norths fide of the faid Trees Baliimore^

on the South-fidc>/«»-//r«n</f/ County; from thence

f«ft-NorthWeft xoElk Ric'ge Road ro two mark*d Trees

e, thence to Patuxent River, and fo up the faid River

itbe Extent of it, for the Bounds of Baltimore County.

ItheTta^ of Land on the North-fide of thofe Divifion-

is in Baltimore County, and all the Land on the

utlh&({e in Ann- Arundel County. The chief Town in the

^ oi Anfi'Artmdel is

It JnapoliSf

337

'Jiiiirlife.

^:.rm,]

■i'

4"* ■k"V ■■

ill/ ? ■ •■ -'U

-■'■'^iiv

ii| ill

;'^

• ''< "':>

l-n

338 'ITfe Hijlory (>/ Maryland.

jfnapolis,' which was fcrmcrly call'd S^vurny and by
, AA of Affirmbly, 1694, was made a Port Town L
•Colleiaor and Naval Officer wore order'd to reiide the]
^the Name of jimpolis was then given it. The Coul
Court vias removed to this Place, a Church was order'd]
'be built within the Port, which was made .a Parifli- and!
the Year 1^99, the Voxt oi Anapolis was made the cJ
Scat of Jufticei within this Province, for holding Aflembl
«nd provincJal'Courts, and all Writs, Picas, and Prucefs
-turnableto the Provincial, or to the Court of Chancery wd
4nade returnable to the Port oiJnapcUs. All Roads Jead]
through any County to this Port were, by another M
vAflcmbly, oi'der'd to be marked on both bides wiih t|
Notches on a Tree, and where the Road to /iKqpclu brd
*6fF from any other Road, it was to be diftinguilhed on
•Face of the Tree with the Letters >/. </. Ihe Affenil;
about ten Ycarsvago,pafs*d an A^ for founding.a Frec-Sch,
here, to be called King tViUiam*s School. Oiher Scho
were order*d to be ercAed under his Patronage, and
Arch-Biftiop of Carrttrhury was to be Chancellor of tho
Truftccs wtre appointed and incorporated by the Name ofl
Rtiiars, Governors^ Trujiees 9Xi^ f^ifitors ef the Frtt-^M
•J Maryland \ what has been the £^d of this, good Bill j
'know not, but believe it is very inconfiderabie. Thei
^School that was to be built was to be tit Jnapolis.
County Court for Orphans is kept here the fecond Tutu
m September^ Nevmker^ January^ March and June, 1
Records of the County of Ann- Arundel 'v/Qit removed to 1
Town, where ate now about forty Houfes, .but itjatcly
not fiourifiied according to Expedation ; and while
Planters and Merchants in Maryland a£Fed; to live feparat
ts they do at Virginia^ there's no great Probability of 1
Town's making any confiderable Figure.

In BaltitnoreCoimty is a Parifti or Town fo call'd; but
Houles are (b disjoined in this, and others, that the Tov
ihipsarenot worth the Name. i: f

Thus we have given a Ihort View of the Counties on 1
Weft-fide of the Bay, and mufb obferve, that the great
vtr SaJ^uehanagh fiils into that Bay, a little above bJ^
more.

On the Eaft-fide of the Bay are the ^^t. other Gou
ihe firft of which, proceeding from Weft to Eaft, is

Cecil Coanxy, the Weftern Part of which is To nearl
^Delaware, that the Cut would not be above ,cight or
Miles to join that Bay and River to Cheftapeak. this Coil
ty runs along parallel with Ntwcifih -and Km Coumyj

' '"■■ M

". 7&e Hifiory qfMsityhnd,

ftnf)Ivanla. We have not learnt how many Pariflics are
jit, iO/Si know noching more of it, fo we proceed to
iint County, which runs out like an Ifthmus into the Bay
\Chej ipeak. AVe know not the Names of the Parilhes
,it. The next County i3

talbot County, divided from the County of Kent by a
able Line of mark'd Trees. That Part of this County
at lies on the North-fide of Corfiica C' eek, is the Souther-
Bounds of the County of Kent, and on the North the
bumy oipeciL Oxford "^^^ formerly the Capital of this
ounty j but by an Adt of Affqmhiy in the Yei^ri()95, ic
named JVilliamfladt^ , and made ^ Pore Town. One
undred Acres of Land adjacent to it were order'd to be
archafed, for a common Pafture for the benefit of the
I'own. The fecond School that was to be built was appointed
brthis Place,and the Roads to it were to be mark'd out in the
|e Manner with thofeofJnapolit. A Collector andKaval Offi-
rwerc order'd to refide here. Befi4esOA'/tfr^,here are the Pa-
lies of St. Michaei*s and Bollingbroke. The next County is
\j)mhe/ier County. The chief Parifli is Dorchejier^ where
I County Court is kept. 'Tis a fmall Place of about ten
Joufes. The Land here lying on the North-fide of Nantj'
jfU' River, beginning at the Mouth of Chickacoan River,
ndib up to the Head of it, and from thence to the Head of
Ur/fl«'s Branch, and fo down to the North-Weft Fork, to
he Mouth of the aforefaid Chickacoan River was, By an Adb of
ITemblyinthe Year 16^8, declared to belong toPanquaJh^nd
^mtouquemyiwo Indian Kings, and the People under theirGo-
liernment, their Heirs and SuccefTors for ever, to be holden of
lie Lord proprietary, under the yearly Rent of one Beaver-
There are oodre Indian Towns in this than in any other
f the Counties.

Somerfet County has a PgrKh of the fame Name in it.'
Fbe Names of the other Parifhes in this and the other Coun-
i are not <otne to our Knowledge j and we know nothing
irticularly remarkable in them, fo we Aiali proceed to oiir
Recount of the Climate, &c.

The Cljmate of this Province, the Soil, Produd, and all
at's mentioned in the Contents of this Chapter, are the
ime, in a great meadire, with thofe o{ Virginia: Both here
th?re ^pMngiiJI? live at large at their feveral Plantations,
ffdich hinders thblncreafe of Towns j indeed every Planta-
fon is a little Town of itfelf,' and can fubfift itfelf with-Pro-
jljons and Necelfaries, every confiderable Planter's Ware-
ioufe being like a Shop, where he fupplies not only himfclf
[ith what he waats. bjut the infaior Planters* Servanrs and
^vu • 2i a ' Labourers,

339

' Sil^fl

/• i;4.

,-. «i,-,:

"f /

•I' >r

\W\

!«; 1?

340 7y(^^ Hiftory of Maryland.

Labourers, and has Commodities to barter for Tobacco,
other Goods, ther« being lird? Money in this Trovince, a,
little Occalion of any, as long as 7>)bacco aiiiwers all i\
ufes of Silver and Gold in TraHe. 1 here are few Merchan
or Shop-keepers, who may properly be To call'd, ws me
who are not Planters alfo, but live wholly by their Tradi
The Tobacco of this Province, call'd Oroomko^ is ftrono
than that of Virginia^ and no Englijhman^ who has noJ
very Coarfe Reli(h in his Smoke, will bear it ; yet 'ti J
profitable to the Planter, and to the Trade of the Nation
general, being in demand in the Eaftern and Northern Pa
of Europe^ where 'tis preferr'd before the fweec-fcented 1 J
bacco of James and York Rivers in f''i>gima. The Plante
in Maryland finding fo good Vent for their Commodity
foreign Markets, have cultivated it fo much, that thePrd
vince is thought to produce as much or more Tobacco thJ
that of Virginia. The Soil is here at leaft as fruitful, til
Country being a large Plain, and the Hills in it fo eafy
Afcent, and of fuch a moderate Heigth, that they feem x\
ther an artificial Ornament to it, than one of the Accidents (
Nature. The Abundance of Rivers and Brooks is no litt)
Help to the Fertility of the Soil j and there's no GraiJ
Plant, or Tree, which grows mVirginiay but thrives as wd
here. The Produd, the Animals, and every thing is tH
fame here as there, only the black and yellow Bird, callj
the Baltimore Bird, goes by another Name in Virginia.
bad that given it, becaufe the Colours of the Field of tli
Ixjrd Baltimore's Coat of Arms arc Or and Sable.

If the Reader has the Curiofity to know more of th
Country in any of the Particulars mentioned in the Title i
this Chapter, let him fee the Hiflory of Virginia on the fan
Heads, and there's nothing there which may not alfo befaij
of Maryland^ except it is added here.

The Air of the two Provinces has the fame Agrecmentj
and if there's any Difference in the Health of the one Couij
try and the other, ^iV^/»/<7 perhaps has the Adyaritage. Th
Province of Maryland however thrives in a great Degrc
tho* 'tis the younger Colony ^ and that is a plain Proof <
the Profit of the coarfe Tobacco, preferable to the fwecij
fcented, or rather that which is fold to a foreign MarkJ
turns to a better Account every way, than what is made fo|
a home Confumpcion with more Labour and Cofi^ and
h&. with lefs Gain. - -h ;

The Number of Ships trading hither from EnglanA^ an^
other Parts of t^atEngltJb Dominions, were computed to '
J 00 above 30 Years agoj and \^ may imagine how tmi

Hoe Hiflory o/' Maryland.

341

•f^

jore there come now, from the Increafe of the Inhabitant?,
L were then calculated to be itfooo, and are now judg'd
[„(,£ 50000 Souls. The Lord Proprietary had a Mint here,
Lcoin Money ; but it never was made ufe of.
^10 i^c Indians, their Language, Manners and Cuftoms
L(hc fame with thofeof^/V^/wm. At the firft fettling of
mr^land there were feveral Nations of 'em, govern'd by
tty Kings; but *tis thought there are not now 500 fighting
len of them in all the Province, if the Account Mr. Hugh
jaw tranfmitted to the Royal Society of it be true : For
Ir. Gliruer, who fome Years before fent the fame Society
Account of Virginia, fays, The Indians in the Lord Balti- L';wth.
rc'j Territories, at the Head of the Bay, where the Eng- ^^'' '• f'
^wtre later feated, are more numerous, there being 3000 of»hhf"7o2.
Mjlill in fome Towns ; but thefe being in continual JVars
Witach other, are like jhortly to be reduced to a /mall Num-
t • which juftifies Mr. Jones's Relation of their Number in
mrjhnd, fince in Mr. Glover*s time there was not above
000 Indian Souls in all Virginia j out of which one cannot
kon there were many more than 500 fighting Men. The
ne Mr. Jones gives us a large Account of feveral things in
lis Province worth Notice.

The Bay of Chefeapeek, which runs N. by /^. about 200 .
[ib, or more, divides Maryland as well as Virginia, into

Parts, which the Inhabitants of the two Provinces call
le Eaftern and Weflern Shores. The Land is generally
iv on both Sides ; no Hill that is to be feen^ of is known
i]f them 50 Yards perpendicular ; but above too Miles
Teftof them, towards the Heads of the Rivers, the Ground
fes, and appears in very high Mountains and rocky Pre-
piccs, running North and South; from the Top of which
Man may have a clear Profpedl: of both Maryland and
Iritnia.

All the Low-land is very woody, like one continued Foreft,
10 part cleared, but what is cleared by the Englijh ; who
10' they are feated pretty clofe one to another, cannot fee
idr next Neighbour's Houfe for Trees. Indeed 'tis exped-

1 that 'twill be othcrwife in a few Years ; for the Tobacco
rade deftroys abundance of Timber, both for making of
lofheads and building Tobacco Houfes, be&des clearing of
round yearly for planting. ^

The Soil of Maryland is generally fandy, and free from
[Stone, which makes it very convenient for Travelling, and
lere's no Occafion for (hoeing their Horfes, except in frofty
leather ; and what with the Goodnefs of their little Horfes,
id the Smootbnefs of the Roads, People, upon Occafion,

Z 3 can

y\ 1 ■

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#^-ii

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342 jk iilftory of Maryland.

can travel 50 Miles m a Sutntncr*s Afterhboh, and foirietimc
100 Miles in a Day; but then their Miles are not accountci
lb long as in England.

The rich ana plentiful Gifts of Nature adcj much to th
Happine/s of the Place \ the three Elements aftoVding Pfcnt
of Food for the Ufe of Man, as Deer, Fowl, both Wan
and Land j and for the Preferyation of Health, many exec
lent Herbs and Roots, the Dffcovcry of whofe Virtue
chiefly owing to the Indians.

They have Timber of feveral krnd*5, good for Buitdini
and of them feveral forts of Oak; as Red, White, Blad
Chefnut, Water, Spanifh, and Line Onb (which laft beai
St Leaf like a Willow) Cedar white and red j the latter fcrvi
only for Pofts and Ground- fels; the white to rive or fpHt int,
Boards, that being the freeft from Knots, and goes undc
the Name of Cyprefs, tho* 'tis falfely fo lerm'd. There'
a Tree call'd Cyprefs, which is extraortfinary large in Bulit
and bears a Leaf like the Senfttive Plant. 'Tis foft, fpungyj
will not rive, and is fit for no Ufe. Their bl.ick Wain
is mightily cff eemed by the Joiners for its Grain and Ci
lour. There's a fort of Poplar that makes good whiti
Plank. 'Tis a large Tree, and bears a Flower like a Ti
lip. They have Plenty of Pine and Dogwood, which is
fine Flower bearing Plant, Saffafras, Locuft, aTreeofquic
Growth, and very durable in Building. Hrckery, of vvhici
there are two forts, red and wliite i the latter ferves chiefl
for fire- Wood, being the beft for that Ufe. There's a]
bundance of Chelhuts and Chinquapines, another Specii
of Chefnuts; a fort of Elm like a Dutch Elm; and the Si
gar mentioned in the Hiftory of plrgihia, as well as othe
named' here. In Maryland is a kind of Elder, whofe Biarl
is clofely guarded with Prickles, likfe a Briar. The Tulij
bearing- Laurel and Myrtle of feveral Sorts, one of whici
bears a Berry that is work'd up irt th6 Eaftern Shorie to a kim
of green Wax, very proper to make Candles with, if mix*!
with Tallow.

The Humming-Bird and MocRi'ng-Bird are the mo:
curious Birds m this Province, ^s Well as in the next; arii
the Rattle- Snake in both is the moft rtoted of their Ri
tiles.

The Air is now more wholeibm than form6rly, which pn
cccds from the opening of the Country, the Air having b}
that means a freer Morion. The Summers ndw are not ex
treme hot, as in the firft feating ; but their Winters are ge
nerally fevcre. The North-Eaft Wind is then very Hiarp
and even cools the Air very much in the Heat of the Summerj

4 whei

7%e Hijoryt of Maryland*

a fuddcn North-VVeftern Blaft too often ftrikes their

^ourers with Fevers, if they are not careful to provide for

"by putting on their Clothes while they are at work.

' ;f?'s little or no Woollen Manufadure followed by any

iuiC liihabitants, except what is done in ^omerfet County :

fobacco is their Meat, Drink, Clothing and Money j noc

thit they have both Spanijh and EngUJi) Money pretty

fltyj wh!ch ferves only for Pocket-Expences, and noc

(bt Trade, Tobacco being the Standafd of that, as well with

itPiantery and others, as with thq Merchants. Their cpip-

j)D Drink is Cyder, which is very good j and where ic is

Lhtly order'd, not inferior to the bell white Wine. Th«y

[iveWine brought frotn Madeira and Ao//, Rum from

vkdos^ Beer, Malt, French and other Wines from Eng-

There's Plenty of good Grapes growing wild in the

^oods, but no Improvement is made of them.

.\toft of the Indians live on the Eaftern Shore, where they

live two or three little Towns : Some of them come over to

1 other Side in Winter-time, to hunt for Deer, being gc-

jally employed by the Engliflj. They take Delight in no-

elfe, and *tis very rare that any of them will embrace

ie'Chriilians way of Living or Worrtiip. The Caufe of

eirdirainifliing proceeded not from any Wars with the£»^-

IK, for they have had none with them worth fpeaking of;

from their own perpetual Difcords and Wars among

nfelves. The Female Sex alio has fwept away a great

lany, infomuch that their Number is now very incon-

ierable.

One thing is obfervaWe in them, tho* they are a People

timorous, and cowardly in Fighr, yet when taken Pri-

irs, and condemn'd, they will die like Heroes, braving

\a moft cxquifite Tortures, that can be invented, and fmging

I the time they are upon the Rack.

If we have at any time mentioned the fame thing in two

veral Provinces, we have taken t\\ poffible Care not to

jiiefcribe it but in one, that the Reader might not be tifed

wth needlefs Repetitions. But it will be obferved, tha^

ive7 Nation of thefe Barbarians has fome particular Cuf-

sms, which diflinguifh ''em from the reft j and to make

ieHiftory of each Province as perfeft as lay in our Power,

ife have, as far as we could, defcrib'd the Manners and

uuftoms of all of them. We have nothing more to fay of

his Colony, and fliall conclude with the Names of the Go-

kernor and Council, as in the former ImpreDion.j

343:

Dr..

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344.

The Uiflory of Maryland.

Col. IVilliam Seymour y C '>vf rnor.

'fhomai Tineh, Efij;
Samuel Youngy Efoj
John Hammondy £fq;
rrancis y/»i/»j, Efi^j
Edward Loyd, Efcn
miliam Holland, Efq;
Kennelau ChittUton^ Lfq;
tVtlliam Cwrcy^ Efqj
Thomas Ennalsj E(q^
Robert ^arry, Efq^
Thomas Grinfeildy
John Contetf

Mfim\)W pf the Councfl,

Secretary to the Government, Sir Thomas Lawrence,
Speaker of the Aflembly, Mr. Thomas Smithfon.
^aval-Officer at Anapolisy Mr. fVilliam Bladen.

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( 345 ) ^^- ^

C H A P. I.

]taining the Hiftory of Virginia, from its
pifcovery to the prefent Times. '

^y the Name otVirginia^ was formerly calPd all that
TraA of Land which reached from Norembtgua to
Florida^ and contained the Country, now known to
the Englijh by the Names of New-England^ Nezv-
W, l^ew-Jerfcy, Penfylvaniay Maryland, Firginia and
dka. The Natives call'd it jfjtehheni and 'twas, as
£u(|, M difcover'd to the Europeans by Sebajiion Ca-
a Genoefe Adventurer, who lived at Brijiel, and who,
I the Year 14.97, was fent by King Henry VIL to make 1497.
lifcovcrics in the Wejl-Indies, Celumbus*s Succefles five^''JDJ/i«twiyj
Icars before, having fee all the trading Nations in the World
NO Expeditions into America, in hopes of fharing the Trea-
pes of the new-dlfcovered World with the Spaniards.
[tk French, who will never allow any Nation to be be-
Ke them in any thing, pretend this Country was difcovered
]John Verazzan, who took PofTeffion of it in the NameRubte
\hancU I. that he call'd it Mocofa; and with Canada, to^'^'^S*
itiicb he gavp the Name <cxf Ntw-FranH^ added it to the

French

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of the Council, H

11 S T R Y

' ft'

Lawrence, H
ithfon. H
laden. H

VIRGINIA. , :

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346

77j^ Hijlory of Virginia;

French Dominions. But thU is a Fidion of their own
ploded by all Auihori who treat of the Difcovcry ofyhmi
For which the Crown of England is certainly indebted to
Care and Expence of the fiimous Sir K^alur Rawlei^h^ w
having, as appears by his admirable Hiftory of the Wor
made llridt Enquiries into the State of the Univcrfc a
bearing of the prodigious Profit the Spaniards drew frol
their Settlements in the IVt/i-Indies^ refolved upon an A
venture for farther Difcoveries.

Hit Miftrefs, Qiieen EHzubith, was then coo much ei
ployed in Europe, to think of inaking Attempts for Acqi
iitions in America. She was apprehenfiVe of a War wii
Spain^ and was bufied in proteding the Slates of the Uni
ed Provinces, and the French Proteftants, againft the T
ranny of France and Spain^ Sir IVaher therefore fou
himfelf under a Neceflity of undertaking the Adventure i^'i
the Account of private rerfons, who bearing the C^^t^g '-
it, were to have the Advantage.

To this Purpofc, in the Year 1583, he prr:uieo icv^
Merchants and Gentlemen to advance largu Si)'\ if Mom
towards carrying on the Defign ; and in thi 1 .\ii followini
obtain'd Letters Patents from the QLieun, bearing Dace >
2Sl\\ oi March 1584, To pojfefsy plant and enjoy for hlmj^
and fuch Perfons as hejhould nominatty them/elves and tl'.
SueceJJhrSi all fuch Lands^ Territories^ &c. as theyjhokldl
tovery not then in the Poffeffion of any Chrijiiun Nation.
In yfpriiy the Gentlemen tnd Merchantj), by Sir IFak
Am\^3s and Rawleigh's Dire6tion, fitted out two fmall Veffels under tl
B rl m'l Command < f C4pt. Philip Amidas attd Capt. Arthur Bark
two of Sir fValter's Servants, who knowing no better Cour
fail'd away co the CanarieSy from thence to the CharlL
Iflands, and croflihg the Gulph of Mexico^ made the Co;
of Florida. With Amidas and Barlow went

j/rWalter
RiwleiRh
tmJtrtdkti it'

IJ83.

t5«4.

«/4(f«

Mr. IVilliam Greenville,
Mr. John Wood^
Mr. James Browick,
Mr. Henry Greeny

Mr. Benjamin Wood,
Mr. Simon Ferdinands,
Mr. jfohn Hawes,
Mr. Nich. Ferryman.

I take Greenville to be* Rfilatioil of Sir IValter Rawk.
and of the Family of Grei-niUr, ;' .wards :.al Bath\
Landfdown\ from i^/^/Vt7x Uciceiideu that famous Navigitj
Sir John Hawkins.

1 hey were fo ignoratnt of Navigation, that by Compu
tion of able Seamen, they went above a thoufand Leagu
out of their Way. Their Voyage was however profperou
and Ibey anchored at the Itilec by Rienoke, at piefcnt undj

s, againft the TJ

The Hi/lory of V\x^v\h, 3^7

[Government of N4rth Carolina. They linded on ccf-
I (Hands on th^ Coaft between Cape Fear tnd the great
^oi Chefeapiak. They afrer wards went afhoVe oti the
tincnt, in i Country called ff^tngdndaeoa, over which
It rcign'd a King, whofe Name was lyingha. They
J with the Indians^ and ma> le good Profit of their Truck,
[Jljtires parting with their Fuis for things of a n»X!ch in-
[_ Value. With thi:« Ovftimodity, SifTafras and Cedar
Jloidcd their two VcfTels, ana retarned hurn'p. ♦*ai<ying
jthcin feme Pearl, whicii was tal 'n ^"or an \rident Sign
[jiie great Riches of the Country. Jmidaf .>nd Barlnv
I made a very advantageous Voyage j and to ciironfage
Owners, the Kew IVtJf-India-Cotnpanyy to con.inue
!^Tride» they reprefented the Place they h. ' difcov red
1^ ,. plentiful, and fo defirable, the Climate To pleal.mt
ijt hy, the Air fo fweet, the Sky fo fcrene, , '; Woodi
r;;ius fo fruitful and charming, and every thing fo a-
ablc, that all that heard it were taken with the Defcrfp-
I and fuch as had not Convcniencies to live pieai ntly
lliomc, were tempted to remove to this Paradifii.
ISut the Difcovtry was in its Infancy, and the Errgllfb
could only admire, without daring to attempt the en-
[ing the Sweets of fo delicious a Country. Belides th 1
afintnefs of the Place, and the Profit of the Trade, 5u; -
and Amidas highly eXtol'd the Innocence and Good-
ie of the Indiansy and the Advantages that might be
rie by their Ignorance, and their Love of the Englijh. To
jthey added an inviting Account of the Produdions of
I Soil, the Variety of Fruits, Plants and Flowers there^
I their Beauty and Excellence.

iThey alfo brought over with them fome Tobacco, the firft Tci cof^p
It was feen in England^ and two Indians^ whole Names*;''
tatlf^anchefe ^T\di Manteo.

[Queen Elizabeth was herfelf (o Well pleafed with the Ac-
[i: thefe Adventurers gave of the Country, that fhe ho-
ured it with the Name of Virginia^ either becaufe it Wai
■ft difcover'd m her Reign, a Virgin Queen j or, as the
tp/fl«; wilJ have, becaule iiJiUlfeemd to retdin the Ptrgin
Vw) and PI ity ef the firj} Creation, and the People their
pitive Innocence.

The Emhjlj Merchants were the more fond of farther
liventures to America at this time, for that het^MajeffyV
Jipshad i^ttly intercepted a SpaniJI) Veflel bound home fi^om
i«/«, wt^idj had Letters aboard, containing a Defcription
[the vaft Treafuirs that Were dug out of the Mines there.
tlif Company ere^'ted under the Aufpices of Sir IValur

RawUigh^

t imtt
Eag and.

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II i

348

I* '

tsis*

Mr. Ralph'

Luncfirji

Ctvtr/itf

The Hijlory of Virginia.

Rawletgh, who fome afBrtti gave the Name of Firginu
the Country himfclf, refolved on a fecond Voyage chithcij

Sir ff^a/ttr intended to have commanded in this Ext
tion himfelf, and to have carried with him a fufficient Nij
ber of Forces to have compleated his Defign of makinj
Setrlcment there; but being at that time jealous that
Abfence might be prejudicial to his Intereft at Court wh
the Earl of Ltictjier fought all Occalions to lefTcn, he ccl
mitted the Condudl of this fecond Enterprise to his Li|
tenant. Sir Richard Greenville^ who, on the 9th of At,
fer fail from Plimouth with feven Ships fitted out by the Cc
pany, of which himfelf and fcveral other Gentlemen
Members ; and this Company was the firil of that kind tl
was cftabli{h*d in Europe, Theie King Jamei incorporal
by the Name of the Governor and Company of the Wfji /«J
which, for their Male-adminift ration, was diffolved by!
Son, King Charles I.

Sir Richard Greenville^ for want of better InformatiJ
fail'd round by the Weft em and Charibbee Illands. He 1
laden his Ships with Provifion, Arrcs, Ammunicion,
fpare Men to fettle a Colony : With thefe he took the 1
Indians^ to affift him in his Negotiations with their Coj
try men j and having a profperous Voyage, he arrived
JVokokon on the 2(5th of May, being the fame Place whj
the Englijh had been the Year before.

In /iuguji following he began to plant at Roenoke, an I(la|
about 5 Leagues from the Continent, which lies in ^6
grees of Northern Latitude. He alfo made fome little '.
coveries more in the Sound to the Southward, trading
the Indians for Skins, Furs, Pearl and other Commoditi
which they bartered wiih him for things of inconfidera^
Value.

He left 108 Men on Roenoke IQand, under the Commaj
of Mr. Ralph Lane and Cape. Philip Jmidas, to keep P(j
felTion of it ; and himfclf return'd to England. With
Lane remained

If '

Mr, Philip ^midasy
Mr. Themaf Harriot^
Mr. yf/ltny
Mx.Steiffordf •

Mr, Tiwias Luddingioiti
Mr. Marwyny w.>
Capt, Faughan^ v
Mr. Kendal,
Mr, Gardiner^

Mr. Prideauxy \
Mr. RogerSy ; >

Mr. Snellingy
Mr. Harvey,
Mr. Anthony Rujhe,
Mr. Michael Pulii/in,
Mr. Thomas Buckncry
Mr. James Mafon,
Mr. David Salter.

T^f Hiflory of Virginia; 349

Lfoon as Sir Richard was gone, the Men he left behind
Ithemfelves about difcovering the Continent, and rang'd
Itfd down 80 Miles Southward, and 130 Northward,
Luring indifcreetly too high up the Rivers, and too* far
Lhe Country, by which the Indians^ growing jealous of
ErDefigns, began firft to be weary of their Compa y, and
toff their Stragglers when they fell into their Hands;
f alfo form*d a Confpiracy to deftroy the reft, but were
plly prevented.

ma Journals of the Colony's Proceedings were duly tranC-
jtcd to the Company in England, who were not fo care-
las they (hould have been, to fend them Supplies of
jovilionj and the EngUJh not underftanding the Nature of
( Climate, had negledled to gather Food in Seafon, as
|{/W/«»f did, by which means they were reduced to terri-
tStreights. The Natives never after kept Faith with
U but watch'd all Opportunities to cut them off. And
tliis obliged them to be more wary in their Enicrprizes on
tMain, fo it hinder'd their receiving any Supply from
j: However, they endured all with incredible Refolu-
n, and extended their Difcoveries near 100 Miles along
jSea-Coafts.

[They icept the Indians in Awe, by threatning them with

leReturn of their Companions, and the Reinforcement of

■en; but no Ships coming from England in all that Winter,

m the Spring following, nor in Summer, they defpaired

[being able to fupport themfelvcs any longer- the Natives

jinning to defpife them, when they faw them as it were

ndoned by their Countrymen, and iht EngH/h expeded

iljf to be facrificed to their Cruelty.

pn this Diftrefs their chief Employment was to look out

I Sea, in hopes of finding fome means of Efcape or Re-

jit: And when they were almoft fpent with Want and

Ulitching, Hunger and Cold, in Augwt they fpy'd Sir Fran- tf«8.

\drakgs Fleet, who was returning from an Expedition a-

M. the Spaniards in North-America^ and had been com-

Ued by the Queen to vilit this Plantation in his way, and

Icwhat Encouragement or AflSftance they wanted.

The Sight of Sir Francis's Fleet was the mod joyful one

m ever the Eyes of the poor Wretches who were left on

\mkt Ifland beheld. Their firft Petition to him, was to

nt them a Supply of Men and Proviiions, with a fmall

bpor fiark to attend them; that in cafe they could noc

aintain themfelves where they were, they might embark ia

\k^n^land.

Sir

'"'V, F*' .-'«•*'

■%

.i|«f, !■• {

3-5°

^e Hiftory of^kgxmz.

muntt

^ir Franeh granted their K,equeft, and ,thejr fgt aU
,to work to fit the ^hjp he ,ha4 given them, and iQ
her with ^ll manner of Stores for » long. Stay ; but a St
jarif^ng, which ^rove tjhp VeiTel from her Anchor to
findi the Ship fuQFering fo much in it, that ilie was noij
for tbeir Uiie, they were fo difcouraged, that notwithiil
ing Sir Fr^mJLi ofFpr'd them anocher Ship, they were-al
j^nevdof the to ftay,'and carncjrtily intreated him to tJike them with]
ffRstttic home, which he ididj and this put an end tothefirfti
element.

In the mean litne Sir Walter RawUigh^ being very \
,citous for the Prefervation of his Colony, folicited the d
.pany to haften their Supplies of Men and Provilions, rei
ling to go v^ith them in Perfon ; and fearing the Col
would fuflfer by their Delays, he fitted out the .Ship he]
to go in with all poffeble Speed; and when it was rd,
fet fail by himfelf. A Fortnight after, Sir Richard G^
.•utile fail!d again frona PUmoutp^ with three other Ship
Virginia,

Sir Walter fell in with the Land at Cape Hattarat^ a I
4o the Southward of Roenoke, where the io8 Men fettj
whom, after ftrid Search, not finding there, he retunje

The Virginiam pofitively affirm, that Sir Walter Rml
made this Voyage in Perfon 5 but the Hiftories of thofe tin
and the Authors of the Life of Sir Pf^alter Rawleigh^ y/j
has been twice written, make no mention of it. Tis 1
probable, that the common Account of it is true, tha]
fitted out a Veflel of a hundred Tun, loaded it with Ne
iaries, and difpatch'd it awiiiy to relieve his 4ittle Colony. |

Before this Ship arrived, the Englijb had abandoned
Settlement, and returned with Sir Francis Droit.
the Matter of the Veflel not being able to gel any lufoij
tion concerning them, made the beft of his way home]

Tho* the Author of the Hi/lary andprefent State ofVir^
alTures us Sir Walter Rawleigh went then himfelf, '[is ,
likely a Man of his Quality and Character would hazard
Perfon fo far, and in no better an Employ than the U\
of an Advice Boat or Tender.

V^htn Six Richard arrived, which was a few Days;
the Departure of the Veflel we have mentioned, hefpi
the Ifland Roenoke, where he left his Men, entirely dcferj
He knew nothipg of Sir Francis Drake\ having beentbj
and thoqght they had been all murder'd by the I)4im\
Manteo ^tisfy'dhim to the contrary ; but he could notj
how they got away. However, Sir Richard left fifty I
more (fome Accounts fay but 15) in the fgme lilaiid,

Naviganf,
Itinerant.
w< ftcoud
^tttlcment

The Hiflory of yirginia:.'

35.1

1517.

^dtbetn to build Houfcs, giving them Materials, and two
5 proviGon; after which he returned, haying afTured
I tW they fliowld be fpeedily and conftantly fupply'd.
[jjthe Year following Mr. John White -^^skxit thither ;by
i>Coinpany with three Ships. He .carried wiiih bim a
jly of Men afid fome Women, as a|fo plentiful Recruius
Provifions, .having a CommiiKon to fettle there, afljd
[JKefide over the Settlement as Governor.
I {Ip arrived at Roenoke the aid of 7^//, i $ 87, but found no
jp^en there ; at which, he was very much troubled.
.enquired of Mantto what was begonw of them; this
Jin informed him^ that the Natives (ccredy fet upon^'y^rejr'^
n, kill'd fomjc, and the reil fled into, ihc Woods, where
I were never heard of afterwards,
[jo confirm ManUo's Information, the Fort they .had
^jthe found deroolifli'd, their Huts empty, the Place of
Habitation ail, grown up with Weeds, and at the £n-
jiee of the Fort the Bones of a dead Man.
[jhis did not difcourage Mr. John JVhite from making, At- A third Sttk
npts towards a third Settlement; fo be (at down m the ''»«""•
DC Place, repaired the Houfes, and when he had put all
pgsin the beft Qrder he could for their Prcfervatiyn, he
(wded to conftituje .a Form of Government among them, Mr. John
ifiliingof a Governor and twelve Counfellors, incorporat- white <j».
j by the Name of the Governor and Afiiftants of the City
Wmhigh in Virginia, The Counfellors .were

. vtrnor*

it. JohnWhite Governor.
|)lr."^fl^^r Boy ley, .
mx. Ananias Dare,
iMr. ^imon Ferdtnan^o,

ix. Chri/iopher Cgoper^
l}llii.: Francis Stephens,

Mr. John Samp/on,
Mr. Thottnas Smithy
ykx. Dennis Harvey^
Mr. Rgger Bratt,
Mr. George Hare,
Mr. Jnth^ny Gage.

fOn the 13th oi Jugufl, Manteo the ftithful Indian ^tH The lni\t%
liftencd, and created by the Governor Lord of Dajfamon- ' anteo
i^iSi Indian Nation fo called, as a Reward of his Fidelity *'^''^"*'''"
IServices to the Englijh ; and on the i8ih of the fame
pnth was born the firft Child that was the Ifllie of Chri-
Parents in that Place, being tiw Daughter of Mr.
niai Dare. She was, after tb€ Name ot the Country,
ViM6 yirginia, ■ ' a.

[1Fi»from thefe fmall Begintjiogs that w© arc to trace tWa
sy, which has increaiod fo much fmce, chat 'tis noiw
!of the bcft Branches of the Rftvenue of the Crown of

Good

■4iif|i'

!:if*'f»^^'

^u 1

Bii

k-y.i

Z5»

iJifi'

«5fj.

^H end of

ihi third
Sittltmenf.

Mr White

UtUTHt*

ne WJiory of Virginia.

Good Governmenf and Irtduftry foon rcndct'd Mr.
fnd his Men formidable to the Indians^ who courted tQ
Friend thip and made Leagues with the Corporation, wti
they kept or broke, as they tbdught themfelves too weah
too ftrong for the Englijh, who, as much as they fecm*(_
thrive, underwent fo many Hard(hips, for want of due s]
plies from Europe^ that nothing but the invincible Conilan
which is the diftinguifliing Charader of their Nation, co
have I'upported them in To much Mifery ^ yet fo far were
from repening of their Undertaking, or defiring to reti
that they dilputed for the Liberty of remaining at iiJaf,*
and obliged Mr. IVhite^ their Governor, to return for fi]
land^ and folicite the Company to fend them Recruits!
Men and Provifions.

Mr. pyhite undertook to negotiate their Affairs; and le
ing u 5 Men in the Corporation, fct fail for England^ wli
he arrived in Safety, and was two Years there before he co
obtain a Grant of the necefTary Supplies : At lail he
three Ships fitted out for him, with Provifions, and mJ
Men for the Colony.

He fail'd from Plimouth in the latter End of the Year \^\
taking theufual Courfe round by theWeftcrn and Chank
Klandsi for no other was then known. Tho' they wl
skiird in Navigation, and in the Knowledge of the Ufq
the Globes, yet they chofe rather to follow a previilbgl
(lorn, and fail three thoufand Miles about, than to attemp
more dired Paflage.

On the i^ih of Aitguji he arrived at Cape Hattarai^
landing on the Ifland Roenoke^ found, by Letters cut onTreJ
in large Raman Chara<ftcrs, that the Englijb were removl
but he could not tell where. They faw the Letters C. r\
on feveral Trees; and fe^irching farther, on one of the!
lifadoes of the Fort which they had quitted, they found i
in large Capital Letters the Word Croat an j one of the Illai
forming the Sound about 20 Leagues Southward of Rom\

On this Advice they cmbark'd in queft of their Fellows]
Croatan j but they were fcarcc aboard all of thecn befon
dreadful Storm arofc, which feparated the Ships one frij
another. They loft their Anchors and Cables, and durft :
venture in with the Shore ; (o they all fhifred for themrelvj
and with various Fortunes arrived in England and Irelani \

There were no more Attempts to find and relieve
115 Men Mr. JVhite left at Rotnoke for fixteen Years fo'lo^
ing; and what became of them God only know<, tbrth
'vere never heard of to this Day. *Tis fuppofed the Indid
feeing them forfaken by their Countrymen, fell upon m
and deftroy'd them. '"

'The Hiftory of Virginia.'

353

fbij Misfortune was enough to put a Stop to any farther
-frprizes of this Nature for feme time ; and *tis rather a
j!S oF Wonder, that the Englijh ever after attempted
J^lement in Firginiay than that they negleded it fo long,
being their third Mifcarriage, and the two lad with mod
lie Circumilances. Thefe were certainly the Reafons
jtthe DeHgn of fettling a Colony there was laid afide for
long a while, and not Sir Walter Rawleigh's Troubles, as
jMitbor of the Hiftory before-mentioned pretends; for Sir
klltr^ from the Year 1590 to the Death of Queen EHza^
\^ was in full Favour at Court, and at the Head of feve-
fetTiOUS Expeditions.

In the Year i()02, in which Queen Elizabeth died, Capt.^ '^°*q^^_
kftklomnu Gofmld fitted out a fmall Veflel at Dartmouth^ nold'i ^oy'
fetfail in her from that Port, with 32 Sailors and Paf-^x'*
ers for F'irginia. He had been one of the Adventurers
a former Voyage thither, was an excellent Mariner, and
id found out that there muft be a fliorter Cut to that Part
America than had hitherto been attempted j wherefore he
igned a more diredl Courfe, and did not ftand (o far to
le Southward, or pafs by the Charibhce Iflands, as all for-
Adventurers had done, by which they not only fail'd
ly hundreds of Leagues out of their Way, but were ex-
ifed to the difficult Shores and dangerous Currents of the

and Coafts of Florida.
He attained his End in avoiding thofe Coafts and Currents,
id tailing a nearer Courfe than any had done before him.
He arrived in the Latitude of 42 Degrees, and a few
lutesj to the Northward of Roenoke^ among the Ifiands,
rming the North -fide of Majfachufefs Bay in New-Eng-
W; where not finding the Conveniencies he defired, he fet
again i and when he thought he had got clear of the
and, he fell upon the Bay of Cod, now Part of New-

By his Method of Navigation he fhorten'd his way 500
[.eagues, and yet went farther about by as many more than

' Ships do now.

Captain Gofnold ftaid fome time on the Coaft, trading
|nth the Indians for their Furs, Skins, ^c. with which, Saf-
ifras, and fome other Commodities, he loaded his Ship and
mmed, having too few Men in his Company to pretend
laSettlenient. This Voyage was fo healthy, that neither
JDiufelf, nor any of his Crew were in the leaA indifpofed in
I the time. He was the firft that had made it turn to any
Account Gnce Barlow and Amidai*^ Voyage ; and gave fuch
[food Ddcriptfion of th« cocnmodious Harbours, pleafant

A a Places,

^fii

1. J ft .' il.Mkfl

Is •"•

354 7he Hijlory 0/ Virginia.

Places, and profitable Trade he had met with, that
Englijh once more began to talk of a Plantation in Virgimi
and feveral Merchants, particularly the Mayor and fotne /I
dermen of Bri/iol^ with whom Mr. Hackluit^ who madd
very good Coliedion of Voyages to America^ was concernf
fet out Ships to trade to the fame Places.

Two VeOels fitted out by the Bri/iol Men, fell in ^J
the fame Land Capt. Gofmld had done, followed his Ml
thod and Traffick, and returned with a rich Lading.

The Brrjhl Merchants, encouraged by this Adventuri
continued their \'^oyagcs thither, and encreafcd their Coil
mcrce from time to time fo much, that for many Years thJ
were the moft conliderable Traders to that Colony; an]
confidering the Inequality of their Numbers, out-did t!
Londoners by much, till the Merchants of Liverpool dra
them out of the IrtJJj Trade, and rivall'd them in that
Virginia.

The next Ship that fail'd thither from England was c
frf^t.Print'imanded by Ca^t. Martin Pring, fitted out by the Sn
*''»yw- Men, who came to TVhitfan Bay, anchored there, and tradi
with the Natives to Advantage.

The fame Year Capt. Gilbert, in the Elizabeth of londi
made a Voyage to Virginia, but not with the like Succel
He traded with the Savages in the Charihbee Iflands, ■yi
St. Lucia, Dominica, Nevis, St. Chrijhphsr's, and then
proceeded to the Bay t)f Chefeapeak in Virginia, being A
firft that fail'd up into it, and landed there. The Indiam \
upon him and his Company in the Woods, and Capt. G\
bert and 4, or 5 of his Men were kill'd by their Arrows, up
which his Crew return 'd home.

The trading Voyages of Gofnold and the BriJirA Men
gan to put the Englijh on new Attempts for a Scttlemenj
but before it could be brought to pafs, Henry Earl of ^m\
ampton, and Thomas Lord Arundel of IVardour, fitted out!
Capt. wcv- Ship under the Command of Capt. George fVeymoutb, m
- jur s ,.y £gjj yp^^ ^j^^ Eaftern Parts of» Long IJIand (as 'tis now call'j
where they landed, and traffick'd with the Indians, m\
Trial of the Soil by Englijh Grain ; and found the Nativ
more affable and courteous than the Inhabitants of thofe I
ther Parts of Virginia which the Englijh had difcover'dj
the Adventurers, being greedy of Gain, over-reach'dthej
dians, impofing on their Ignorance j of which they groii
ing jealous, it occafion'd the many Murders and MaJTacij
that follow in the Courfe of this Hiftory.

Capt. Weymouth cnter'd the River of Pmhatan, Sout|

ward of the Bay of Qhefeap^ak, He iail'd up above fon

3 Mil^

la.

et with, that
tation in Virgin]\
lyor and fome
Uuit^ Who njade)
ca, wasconcernf

Men, fell in wil
followed his Mi
:h Lading.
)y this Adventuij
:reafed their Coit
3r many Years thl
that Colony J an]
nbcTs, out-did tB
of Liverpool droJ
1 tliem in that

England was co
1 out by the Bri/l
'd there, and tradJ

Elizabeth of LcndA
h the like Succefl
arihbee Iflands, im
jphsr^s, and thcnd
Virginia^ being tU
e. The Indiam
3ds, and Capt. G\
their Arrows, up

le BriJirA Men

for a Settlemenj
Iumy Earl of ^oui\
ardour^ fitted outj
rge IFeymouth^ wa
d (as 'tis now call'l
the Indians^ mi\
found the Nativ
labitants of ihofe i
had difcover'd ;
over-reach'dthe.
which theygroij
rders and Ma&cJ

Pnihatan^ Soutl

I'd up above foi

' ■. Mii^

The Hifiory of Yixgmi^» 355

||Me%.fin4u3g the Chpnoel deep and brojul, being a Mile
ntr and 7 to 10 Fathom in Depth, having Creeks oa
.gJSideat evety half Mile Diftance, all deep and fafc, in
(bich Ships of 500 Tons may ride in m* ny Places, with a
j^\t on Shore in the foft Oaz.e.

j\sbecoafted along this River he traffick'd with the Na-
tives, bartering his Trifles for their Trcaf^ res, the Indians
Iflving him to the Value of 10 or 12/. in Furs, Beaver,
Otter and Sable, for five Shillings worth of Knives, Combs,
jjjds and Toys.

In one Place where he traded, he and his Crew had like
pbave been furprized by the Natives, who inviting him
re on Pretence of Traffick, placed^^oo Men with Bows
Ed Arrows in Ambufcade; but Capt. Weymouth march'd
jithfomuch Caution, and fo well arm'd, that they durft not
llttack hira. He fenc his Boat 70 Miles up the River, in
iliich his Ship lay fix Weeks. While he was there he madp
Jiial of the Soil of the Country with Englifh Grain, which
\ found thrived, as it did in other Parts of Virginia^ where
Ijlie Experiment had been made.
Having laden his Ship with the Commodities of the Place,
tchasFurs, Saffafras and Tobacco, be returned to England^
ying three or four Savagies whom bp iiad takeii Prifoner^
Ifith hitn.

The Account he gave of his Voyage when he came home
ipted others to adventure thither ; but none had the Cou-
c to think of a Settlement. They had forgot the 115
fen whom Mr. White had left at Roenoke: Their Pity was .
weak for their Avarice ^ Trade and Profit was all they
lught of j and thefe private Adventurers would have put
[tlie Defign of a Colony out of the Peoples Head, had not
[Capt. Gofnold To cfFedtually Iblicitcd the Settlement of ^irgi-
in the Court of King Jamesy that feveral Gentlemen
ontributed towards it^ and the King incorporated two Com-
oies in one Patent, bearing Date the loth of /^r/V, 1606, j5o6.
br two Colonies.

The firft Company were Sir Thomas Gat£s, Sir G£orge n* South
\imnierst the Rev. Mr. Richard Hackluit^ P^bandofWeJi-J^^'^j*
ulnjjerj and Edward Maria Wingfeild^ Efq; who weire the '""^'"'•''
'Mm Adventurers, and had Liberty by their Patent to feat
mfelves, and fuch a;i (liould join with them, at any Place
the Coafl o^ Virginia^ between the Degrees of 34 and
i\ of Northern Latitude. Tliey were allowed to extend
ffi Bounds from the Place of their Plantation, 50 EngUfo
lies each way, and i oo Miles up in the Country, diredl/
m the Seji'Coa^^ and none \ya$ pennitced tQ plant or

Aa 2 dwell

, n.

mm '

':\m

!.■ 'H

■•il'!"-*!, I

35^

Tb^ Hi/lory of Virginia.

1 ;i

l6c':

dwell there, without Leave of the Company, or thi
Council.

This Patent included Maryland^ Virginia and Carolin
as they are now diftinguifti'd from each other.

The fecond Company were George Pophimy Efq; andi,
thers, as wc (hall fhew in the Hiltory of Ntw-Hnglani
thefe were call'd the Plymouth Adventurers. |

They had Liberty by their Patent to plant and inhaJ
any Part of the Continent, between the Degrees of 38 jJ
45 of Northern Latitude, with the like Privileges andBouJ
as the firft Company. 1

In this Patent was included New-En Jand^ Nm-Yor\
New- J er fey and Pimfylvania^ as they are now divided in
feveral Provinces ; but the whole Country was then calj
Virginia^ that which was granted to the fecond Colony,
well as that which was granted to the firft. The latter
the earlieft in their Settlement ; for in the fame Year wil
the Date of their Patent they fitted out two ahips under tf
Command of Capt. Newport^ who fell in with the CoJ
near Cape Henry, the Southermoft Point of the Bay Chi
fcapeak.

With him went the Honourable Mr. Percy^ Brother
the Earl of Northumberland, Capt. Gofnold, Capt. 8miti
Capt. Ratcliffe, Capt. Martin, Mr. IVingMd, of who]
the five laft were of the Council. They took a Minifter, an
abundance of Handicraft Tradefmen with them. Capt. Niu
Ctpt Uevj- port raifed a Fort at the Mouth of the River Powhata\
Here he left 100 Men, with Provifions, Arms, Ammun
tion, and other NecefTaries to make a Settlement j and th|
was the firft Colony that remain'd on the Place. The firi
Company refolving to profecute their Lfndcrtaking vigorouflj
had taken Capt. John Smith into their Service. He was]
noted Seaman, who from a mean Original had acquired
great Reputation by his Adventures. Capt. Smith chearfulij
undertook the Employment, and ventured his All on th
Bottom. The Company were impower'd by their Patei^
to choofe a Prefident and Counfellors, to grant Commiffion
and exercife judicial Authority. Accordingly they gavel
Commiftion to the Gentlemen above-mentioned to efti
blifh a Colony in their Territories, and govern it by a Prcj
fident and Council, who were invefted with fufficieni Au
thorities and Powers.

The Gentlemen who went over with Capt. Smith wc
very unkind to him, and envying his Zeal and Experience!^
Maritime Affairs, they ufed him fo ill, that 'twas tboughl
they intended to put him to Death. This was carried on bf

3 m

port.

Flr/l Cnlony
that re-
tnamd.

The Hiflory j/" Virginia.

357

LpreTident Mr. WingHeU^ a covetous haughty Pcr(bn, ^^'^ wing-
Loj while Capt. Smith was trading and treating with theJ'^J^ '"-f "
||^tf» Kings, contrived his Ruin: Falfe Witneflles were
Induced to fwear ill Defigns againil him, and he was noc
|Jg|d refufed to be admitted into the Council, but thrown
lito Frifon, where he lay till all the Forgeries of his Enemies
Le detected. He then was admitted a Member of th^
pincil; Mr. Wingfield was depoled from his Prcfxdency, pf R<d-
LCapt. Radcllffe chofen Prefident, who knowing Capt. ^|'jj= ''"■/^
L'//^*s Ability, left the Adminiitration of Affairs to him.
I The Company gave Capt. Newport^ when he fet our,
lorders to fail to that Part of Virginia where Mr. IVhite
lltft bis miferable Colony, tho' there was no Security of
llljrbour there. Capt. Smith was the Pilot of this little
Iflcet, and, as good a Seaman as he was, went the old
Lfld-about way, by the Weftern and Charibbee Iflands,
lipaft his own Accounts of Navigation twice or thrice,
liifomuch that his Companions began to defpair of reaching
J place they were bound for, and to think of returning
)Engl'.indi but when they were at the Point of returning,
ipt. Smithy with two or his Veffels, Icckily fell in with
fqinia, at the Mouth of Chefeapeak Bay. Some Authors
PngulHi Ca; Smitlh Voyage from Capt. Newport'^y and
firm, that th- firft Settlement which remain'd was made
fWA, but others make the Voyage of Capt. Newport
fior to Smithh ; but, on further Enquiry, we have Reafon
believe Smith was with Newport in his Voyage: For
\Viqinia Company's Commiffion mentions thefe follow-
as Direflors of the Voyage and Settlement,

Edward ff^ingfieUj Efq; Mr. John Martin,

Capt. Chrijiophtr Newport, Mr. John Radcliffe,
Capt. Bartholomew Gofnold, Mr. John Smith.

Leaving this Difpute to be decided by the Company's
looks, and the Virginians, we proceed in our Hiftory.
Capt. Smith, when he had the Management of Affairs,
ioilt a Fort on the Southern Cape, which he named Cape
Uryy from Prince Henry^ King James's eldeft Son : The
Wthern he caird Cape Charles, from Prince Charles, af-
Irwards Charles I. and the River Powhatan he call'd James
lliver, after the King's own Name.

Before the Prefident and Council proceeded to a Settle- James Tovm
nt, they made a full Search oi James River, and then ''"'■^'•
yunanimoufly pitch'd on a Peniniula, about 50 Miles up
1 River, to btiiUd a Town upon, which they called James
Howo. Aa 3 The.

!;•

Is-iM'i

358

'/it

l6e-

7h Fitftofy o/ Virginia.

The Soil about U is very go6d, the Platffl itfgtf ^
thirdls environed by ther main Ri?er, which aifbrds good a]
chorage, and the other third by a ffflai) rmttvr Riv«r GaJ
bie of receiving Veffelj of loo Tofts, by which rtieanj^
Ground th^ Town (lands upon is a Sort of an Ifland. hJ
they built Caflles and a Fort, and tnight have ^oiii* ot> ^
Succefs, had not their own Divifions put a Stop to
Growth of their Settlement, and given the Indians uti /[J
vantage over them. One hun<ired and eight Men ftaid ue
the Place.

'Tis certain that in this Year 1^07, the Plantttiofi of fjj
ginia was firlt fettled by about one hundred Perfons, ti
that from t^efe fmall Beginnings it rofe to the Figure it It
iince made in the Briti^ Commerce. The two Ships wel
fent back by the Prefident atfd Council to fetch Recruits 1
Men and Provifions, and in the mean while, thofe that r|
main'd fell to planting and fowing, to building, fortifyin
and trading with the Indians, making a prodigious Pnjfii |
their Traffick: But each private Trader being at Liberty
fell his Goods at what Rates he plecfed, the Englijh undej
fold one another; by which meat's the Natives, who!
bought dearer than their Neighbours, thought they wc
cheated, and fo conceived an Aver lion to ^tEngliJhmn
ral, which ended in a National Quarrel.

The Trade was farther interrupted by a fort of yelloj
Duji-Ifinglafs, Which was found to be waih'd down by]
Stream in a Neck of Lnnd on the Back oi James Towil
This the EngUJh miftook for Gold, and all their Hearts weJ
fct upon it, to the Ncf t-il: of their real Profit by Trafficll
and their Security and Prefervation, by making Provifionfj
a time of NecefTity, which then came upon them ; for
they were all running mad after this vilionary Gold, thd
Town was burnt, their Stores confumcd, and they wererJ
duced to the lai} Extremities of Wanes. iMany of them wcq
alfo dellroy'd by the Indians, none minding their Defcnc^
fo much were they infotuated with the Hopes of Moun
tains of Wealth, by the Help of thefe new-found Sands; an
they already began to dcfpife the Mines of Mexico and Piri
in comparifcn of rhcir own ineftimable Stream. Jn the me
time they laboured under unfpeakable Difficulties, whid
however they boFC with Patience, being comforted by the
golden Dreams. O.ie of the Ships that had been fent bac
to Enolnnd for Provifions, returned, and thiy loaded hd
home with i\\\'i yfUow Duji, thinking all the Stowage waftef
that was beftoW'd on Furs or Dru^s, and could hardly affeij
any Room for Cfedar. Not long after her Departure th

othii

I Oct.

7he Hi/lory of Virginia. 3 Jq

Ship arrived, and her they alfo loaded hom« w ; tfali
[lary Gold Duft, with Cedar and Clap- board to hi op.
I were dll fo bufy in (ifhing for the Dirt, that they o M
I no time for Difcovcrics, till the Heat of their Av- ice
[ito cool a little, and fome of the wifer fort to iu\\ t\
J^ accordfing to a good 6ld EngVJh Proverb, Ail wen not
ithat gHJier*tI. At lafl Capt. Smithy wiih part of the
iJony, made fcveral Difcovcrics in James River, and up
mtjtapeak Bay, with two Sloops which they had brought
in^tnem for that Purpofe.

Id the fame Year 1608, the Englijh firlt gather'd Imlian
n of their own planting, and they might have flourilli'd,
not their Feuds, Folly and Negligence hinder'd their
^cccfi, and been the Caufe of their future Mifchiefs; for
^Capt. 5w//AV Abfence Matters fell into Confufion, feveral
jeafy People were for deferting the Settlement, and atxempt-
]to run away with a fmail Veflel, which was left to attend
i' but they were prevented.

Capt. Smithy in his Expedition among the Savages, was

prized, aflaulted, and taken Prifoner by them. He was

n making Difcoveries on the River Chicohomony, where

kpecmcanough, a King of that Nation, fell upon him

tacheroully, and put all his Men to Death, after he had

irced them to lay down their Arms. He not only fpared

|Mr. Smithes Life, but carried him to his Town, feaited

to], prefented him to Powhatan^ the chief King of the

ivage^, who would have beheaded him, had he not been

yed at the Interceflion of Powhatan's Daughter Pocabonta,

fwhom we (hall haveOccafion to fay more hereafter. Capt.

jfihh returning to Janus Town, found the Colony in fuch

(ijiftraftions, that 'twas likely to break up. When he had

mvailed upon them to remain there, Capt. Neivport return'd

lith Supplies of Men and Provifions, and they both paid a

IVilit to Powhatan, who received them in great State. Capt.

hmpcrt did flot ftay long in yirginia^ and Capt. RadcUffe

Ifriigning his PreGdency, Capt. Smith was unanimouUy^ ^

Ijefired to accept of that Office. He made a fecond Ex- pl^cpuo

jpcdition for Difcoveries, leaving Mr. Scrivener Vice*-

Iprcfident j but the Affairs of the Settlement M\ ran to Dfr-

IfiruiiHon.

In the Year following, 1699, John Layden^ and Anne
\hrmgh5 were married, which was the firlt Chriftian Mar-
Iriage in Firginia j and in the fame Year the Prefident and
ICouncil at James Town fent out People to make two other
ISettlcments, one at Nanfamund^ under Capt. Martin, in
\jm(i River j and the other at Powhatan^ fix Miles below

A a 4. the

ipt. !>mith
iC.

<^A

'i.

.iV

■.•»;| ■* t
a ,. '^ >

1" ^^

'0k\'

360

Ihe Hi/hory of Virginia.

11! if',

Murji

the Falls of Jam*i River, under the Honourable Mr H^t
Mr. Martin attempting to fcize the King of Nanium
was forced to fly from his Sectlemenf, and Mr. ^. ',
not (lay long at his.

The Colony was by this time fo increafc^l by Rccnjj
from England^ that the People of James Town could fpa
120 Men for each of thefe Settlements. Not long jf^,
another Settlement was made at Ki^uotariy at the Mouth
James River. Powhatan was an Indian Town, and wi
Doughtof /'tftf^a/fl/i, King o^ IVerocomoco, for fome Copper
The Company in England underftanding how prejudici
the Divifions in their Colony were to the Advancement
the Settlement, petition'd the King for Leave to appoint
Governor, which was granted them in a new Patent. Pm
fjant to this Grant they made the Lord Delaware Govern
Gltls^^iv r" ^^ ^^^ Colony, whofe Brother, Mr. IVeJi, lived then
GeorgeSum- Virginia. My Lord appointed three of the Members of t
inrrs, Ctpt. Socicty, Sir Thomas Gates^ Sir George Summers and Cai
?;"&. ^'H^P'^} ^\^ J^"' Deputy-Governors.

Thefe three Gentlemen embark d m one Ship, and f(j
fail, with eight more in their Company, leaden with Pre
vifions and Neceflaries. The Ship in which the Governoi
were being fcparatcd from the reft in a Storm, was drivi
afhore, and ftavcd at Bermudas ; but the Crew were
favcd, and the three Governors with the reft, who, no
withftanJing the Dangers they had run, were always janglini
to the great Detriment of their Affairs.

While they were there, the two Knights had perpetui
Quarrels among thcmfclvcs, form'd Factions, and thei
Differences grew to fuch Heigth, that they would not ei
baric in the fame Vellel j fo they built each of them one
Cedar, picking up the Furniture of their old Ship for Rigi
ing ; and inftead of Pitch and Tar, they made ufe of Fi"
Oil, and Hogs-Greafe, mix'd with Lime and Afhes.

Several of the nine Ships that came out with the Gove
nors, arrived in James River j and by their Arrival increai
cd the Difordcr in the Settlements there ; for pretending ih;
the new Commitrion diflblved the old one, they would m
fubmit to the Government they found on the Place j thi
fatal Confequencc of which we fhall fee hereafter.

We muft now return to dipt. Smithy who, v/hiie thi
Company was preparing to difpatch away the three Gover
nbrs, and thofe Gentlemen fiaid at Bermudas^ continued \\{
making Oifcoveries with great Difficulttes and Hazards,
which he was oppofed by Poiuhatan, with whom he mad
War, and had frequent Advantages of the Indians^ the' n

withoui

The Hiflory of Virginia.

361

^jt Lofs} himfclf was twioe taken Prifoiier by him, C4>>f.Sf»irh'i
J^as was hinted before, as he Wiis making a Difcovcry of ^^vtntma,
Hc«d <^f Chicohomony River, and another time by an
nbuTcade at Onatvmoment. The manner of his Treatment
pong the Indiansy and his Efcapc, his Friendiliip to '^auta-
pi the King's '>on, and the furprixing Tendcmefs of Po-
^ntOy his rhiughter^ for him, when he was about to be
icuted, are IncidentK equally agreeable and furprizing,
[pretty romantick and fulpicious, Capt.i9m///> having never
t his main Defign to make himfelf the Hero of his
ory, in which Sir IVilliam Keith copies him very faith-
illy. We mu t not omit the wonderful Humanity of Po- Th* Frier,
^tntOy who, when Mr. Smith's Head w^s on the Blockj^'po/Pc
•i (he could not prevail with her Father to give him hisj^an?
fe, put her own Head upon his, and ventured the rcceiv- cejt.
rof the Blow to favchim, tho* ihc was then fcarce thirteen

[fors old : A remarkable Inftancc how vain we arc to our
^es, in thinking that all who do not refemble us in our
jfloms are barbarous.

We /hall have Occafion, in this Chapter, to fay fome-
more of this generous Lady, who was the firft Firgi-

js'that ever fpoke Englijh^ or had a Child by any EngUfii-

(iff, and the fir ft Chriuian of that Nation.
Capt. Smith having twice got out of the Hands of the /«-

Lu, proceeded in advancing the new-fettled Colony, which
now fo numerous, that there were 500 Men in 'James

3ty, and Plantations up and down the Coiintry ; but Mr.
i»//^ happening to be blown up by the accidental firing of
neGun powder in his Boat, was fo wounded that his LifeC'^P'- Srr.iih
impaired of, and his Friends obliged him to embark for g^gj^Jj^*

^i^land to be cured.
Capt. Smith's Relation of his Adventures in this Country

iilalcs not fo much to the Country, Settlement and Trade,

to himfelf; molt of them are, as we have faid, care-

lly prefcrvcd in Sir ff^iliiam Keith's Hiftory of Virginia^

QWhichI refer the curious in fuch things, and to the Hiflory
[Virginia by R. B. Gent, who has beftowed more of his
atwurupon the Indians tho' not above 500 in the whole

Jprovince of Virginia.^ than on the Hiftoiy of the Englijh.

iHehas alfo incorporated a good Part of Smith's ancient

iHillory into his modern one, to which I alfo refer for fuch

llike Curiofities.
He was no fooner gone, but thofe he left behind, Capt.

\hddiff} and Capt. Martin^ fell out among ihemfelves, and

kConfufion encreafed upon the Arrival of the Ships belong-

og to the three Governors Fleet. The Colony foon mifs'd

their

■ »■.■

I- ' ■ >■

^■■^?S;L

\mf

■■■* ."f

i 'v,'fl>

li^

j62. HeliiftoryofYixgxtn^,

their kte Prefident Qpt. Smithy who, by his Wifdom, ViJ
Jance, Courage and Care, prefer ved the Settlements in go
Order. Without him they had certainly been deftrbvi
either by their ovVn Lazinefs and Negligence, or the Trd
chery and Cruelty of the Indiam : He always kept thi
Granaries full, and by fair means or Forc6 obliged the hdil
to bring in Corn and Provilions. He a\V*d tlwm fo much!
his Valour, that they durft not niake any Attempts awjA
the Engli/Ijy for whofe Defence he raited Forts and Batteril
and was indeed the Soul of the Settlement; for as foonas
left it the People decreafed daily, and by th6 Treafon of i
ihmyferabie Natives, or Want and Hunger, to which they were foon i
u':mf'^' duced, their Numbers were lefTen'd to 60, when SirfJ
fiias Gates and Sir George Summers arrived : 'Tis true thl
made fome unfuccefsful Attempts to defend thcmfelvJ
Capt. Sicklemore and Capt. Radcliffe, with a Company]
Men, going amongft the Indians to trade, were furprizJ
and 60 Men flain by Pmhatan^ who would have no Dealij
with them after Capt. Smith's Departure. All thofe thatl
fettled in any other Part of the Country, fled from the
dians to James Towri, except the Planters at Kiquotan, wi|
being defetided by Alger noon-Votu tnaintain'd themfelves
gainlt the Natives, but could not fubfift for want of Pro^
fions, Which they, as vt^ell as their Countrymen at Jan
Town, had wafted, and, like them, they were almoft i
mifh'd. Their Diftrefs was fo great,that they fed on rhede
Bodies of the Indians whom they (lew, and even dug
and eat thofe that v^ere buried.

This dreadful Famine is ftill remembered in Virginia.
the Name of the Starving Time. The Perfons who came i
the iaft Ships continued their Diffcntion amidft thefe Call
mities; during wkich, fome of them, who pretended to f
of the three Governors Council, aflumed the Adminiftratioil
and tho' the Commiffion was not arrived, ufurped the Fowl
of governing, to the Ruin of the Settlement, which, ij
Famine and Sicknefs, bred by bad Diet, were reduced froj
above 500 to 60 Perfons. j

The three Governors in the mean while fet fail on ti
1610, nth Q^ May^ i6io, from Bermudas^ in their two fmi
Cedar Ships, v^ith 150 Men in their Company, and in i|
Days arrived in Virginia. They went up to famn \m
with their Vcflcls, where they found the poor Remains!
the Colony.

Sir Thomas GateSy Sir George Summers.^ and Capt. Nav^A
pitied their deplorable State, and immediately call'd a Coud
oil, to Confult of what (hould be done for their Relief. Thd

■ ' informs

nt WJlory o/* Virginia.

363

ittrrives*

jrioed ihcm they fiad but 16 t)ays Provifion aboard, and

inded of them ti^tlier they would venture to Sea with
or Hay in tftfe Scftrlertwnt, and take their Fortunes, in
jchtftey would ti*ery Wltlihgly (hare with them.
rjhcy foon r^folved to abandon James Town, and rfe-
Viot England \ and, becaufe ProvifionS fell fhort, to call
Be Banks of Newfiundland^ in hopes to meet fome Fiiher-
m there, a(nd in fuch Cafe, to divide themfelves into fe-
ul CreWs, drid g^ aboard feveral Ships, for their better
icoittmodatioK.

[this Refolutioil being taken, they all went aboard, and
jidown to Hog-lUznA the 9th of June, at Night ; and the

Morning to Mulhrry-lttindy 18 Miles below James
Hnnij and 30 from the Mouth of the River; where they
fi a Ship's Boat coming up to them, which the Lord De- Tht Lord
Uhad fcrit before him to found the Channel. Deiawar.

jTbis Lord brought with him 3 Ships, very well provided'
jiiali manner of Provifions and Neceflaries, and 250 Peo-

to recruit the Colony. The Lord Delaware perfuaded

I to return to James Town, and, by his good Conduft,
ught the Sdttlemertt into a flouriftiing Condition. He re-
bred Difcipline among them, renewed their Trade with
dndtans^ which bad been interrupted by their Wars with

[1, and made the Savages once more afraid of attacking
jtm, cither openly, or by Surprize.
lln his time the Government had the Form of an Efta-
hcoicnr, and feveral Men of Quality bore Offices in it, as

Lord Delaware^ Lord Governor^ and Captain-General,
I Thomas Gates Lieutenant-General, Sir George Summers
toiral, the Honourable George Picrcy^ Efqj Governor of

nes Town and Fort, Sir Ferdinando Wenman Mafter of
I Ordnance, Capt. A^^tf/for/ Vice- Admiral, IVilliam Stra-

Efq; Secretary ; an Appearance of Officers that has not
jtce that time been (een in Firglnia.
Sir WilUam Keith makes Wenman Mafter of the Horfe;
: confidering there was not one Horfe in the Company,

24. Guns in the Fort, I think the Mafterfliip of the
\kance is the moft likely Preferment to beftow upon him.
kre is fomething ridiculous in this Parade of Civil and
itary Officers over a Colony of 60 or 70 Perfons only,

they found no more there.

My Lord fent Sir George Summers and Capt. Argallio Ber-
iihsy to fetch Provifions. Sir George died in the Voyage j
[Capt. Jrga/I ^6i 9. Supply of Cod-fiih at Sagadahoc in
^na-Englahd,

Sir

:-j

Dale Mar-
shal.

648 77;e Hiflory of Virg'nia.

Sir Thomas Gates was fent for by the Company at
s dony to give them an Account of their Proceedings'
The Hon, the Lord Delaware being taken lick, left Mr. Piercy
Pi?rcy! £r», puty-Governor, and returned to England, where he tnl
Btputy-Gol' the Adventurers fuch a pleafmg Report of their Affairs tl
vernor. they ordcr'd it to be publi(h*d.

There were now about 250 Men on James River ol
JJyJh^}^'" whom Sir Thomas Dale was placed, with the Title of Ml
fhal General, by the London Council. He arrived there l
lothof ytt«^, 161 1, with three Ships laden with ProvifiJ
and Necedaries, having Supplies of Men, and fome
Cattle, and Hogs aboard, for Labour and Breed.

On his Predeceflbr's Departure the Colony fell into th
old Diforders, and began to be in Want, occafioned
their Sloth and DifTention. They depended on their Su
plies from England^ and negledted to plant Corn, to im
them in cafe of a Difappointmenr, which they might rd
fonably have expedted, conlidering the Length and Hazaj
of the Voyage.

From this Knight's Government the Profperity ofta
Plantation may be dated j for he fet all the Englijh
work, and did not difdain to put his own Hand to tH
Spade and the Axe, to help to turn up the Earth, and fl
Trees ; and that they might no more depend on the Nativj
for Corn, he put them upon fowing Grain of their ow|
which, tho' they did not begin to prepare the Ground t|
the Middle of may, yielded an indifferent good Crop,
order'd Land to be wall'd in, for Fences from wild Bead
and the wilder Indians : He enlarged the Englijh Boundl
furveyed the Rivers to find out a Place convenient for \
building a new Town, which was done at his own Chargl
and was from him called Dales Gift.

It was fituated 12 Miles above the Falls, naturally fortify'J
and almoft furrounded with Water. Here, in a fliorc tim]
he (o well employ'd his Men, that he not only palifadoj
the Place, but ereded Watch-To*vers at each Corner,
a Church, a Store-houfe, a Dwelling-houfe for himfelf, an
Lodgings for his Men. Many hundred Acres of Land we
taken in, and Plantations laid out, 8 or lo Miles abouj
which continues to this Day one of the mofl flourilliir
Virts o( Virginia.

The Company in England, notwithftanding they hid hd
therto met with very little Encouragement, continued
fupply their Colony with all forts of NecelTaries, folicitedtJ
do it by the Lord Delaware and Sir Thomas Gates. ThI
latter was fent with fix Ships niore, having 350 Men oj

board

Dalfs Gifc
hmlt.

nenr, continued

iTje Hiflory of Virginia. 365

jfdj 100 Head of live Cattle, and Plenty of Provifions,
1 Tools for Labour and Life.
[Sir Thomas arrived in Auguft^ took upon him the Govern- f^"" Thomas

«or.

It, and in September he f ttled a new Town at Arrahat-
i(jj about fixty Miles abovvi Jamet City, calling it //<:«r/- lienricopolU
|fii;, or Henry's Town, in honour of Henry Prince of*"'"*

[Here he built Forts and Gentry- boxes, and ran a Palifa-
on the other fide of the River at Coxendaly to fecurc
)tirHogs.

\T^tEngliJh now plough'd the Ground, whereas before they

need all their Corn with the Spade. They alfo fpread

iemfelves abroad in the Country, and pofleffcd themfelves

private Plantations, which they cultivated, and planted

fobatco and Corn, each Planter paying a Qiiit-Rent to

eTreafury of the Colony.

[their Cattle, efpccially their Hogs, increafed prodigioufly ;
ivs and Order began to flour ifli, Induftry to thrive, and
Plantation to have the Face of a Settlement that look'd
J be lading; yet it was not long before rew Danjgers
ttfamed their Deftrudion ; from which however the iSnd
fGod deliver'd them.

JThe Company at London finding the Colony was in z clutches'.
urilhing Condition, thought it their Duty to provide for^'"'f'
tWelfare of their Souls, as well as their Bodies j and to
Bt End invited many charitable Perfons to contribute to
building them Churches, and founding Schools for the
iiucation of their Youth. Many devout People, in hopes
[propagating the Gofpel, open'd their Purfes; Minifters
itre fent over. Churches built, and fupply'd with Preachersj
iwill be flicwn more at large in its proper Place.
[in the Year 16 12, Capt. Argal/, afterwards Sir Samuel^ i^ia.
nived from England, with two Ships more for the Ufe of
I Settlement. Sir Thomas fent Argail to Pot&wmack to
li)f Corn, where he met with FocahontOy the Lady of
om we have before made honourable mention. He in-
{ted her to come aboard his Ship, which, with (bme (ixiall
Eculty ilie confented to, being betrayed by the King of
[«/tff«y, Brother to the King of Potowmak^ with whom (he
Kn refided.

1%// having got her in his Cuftody, detained her, and Pocaiionra
Tied her to James Town, intending to ob''ge her Fa-^'*"' ^
!r King Powhatan to come to what Terms he pleafed, for^X ^^'
! Deliverance of his Daughter. Tho' the King loved her '
derly, yet he would not do any thing for her fake which
I thought was not for his own and his Nation's Intereftj

not

\k^

i>' i

>V#

'»;■■•

mm
rfet

'■''nm

i;'
''I. s« •ryJ ''--1

!•. i

366

'the Hiflory of Virginia.-

1 i^

nor would Jie be prevail'd upon to cqncjude a firm 1'jg
of Peace, tho' Sir Thomas Dale went hirafelf to treat w
him about it, being then Marflial under Sir Thomas gJ
till he heard his Daughter, who turned Chriftian, and \
sh marries chriftcii'd RebeccOy was married to Mr. John Rolfe.^u^ M
Mr. Rolif. 11^ Gentleman, her Uncle giving her iii Marriage in
<Jhurdi.

Powhatan approved of the Marriage, toola it for a find
Token of Fricndfliip, and was fo plealed with it, that he cd
'*'3' eluded a League with the Englijh in the Year 1613. 1
termarriage was prqpofed at that time as a fure means]
continuing the Peace with the Indians j and how far it woj
have anfwered that End, the Reader may judge j but
EngliJh were not fond of taking the Indian Women to th
Beds as their Wives. Whether it was on account of tJ
being Pagans or Barbarians, we cannot decide ; or whetq
that Nicety was not very unfeafonable in the Infancy oft
Settlement.

By Pffwhatanh Alliance with the Englijh ^ and Mr. hA
marrying an Indian Princefs, a great Nation were m
Fricpds to the Colony j and thus they conceived Hopes tq
rhey had fecured themfelves from the Infulcs of the Savagd
but we fhall fee, in a Page o\ two, they flatter'd themfelJ
in their Security, when they were never nearer DeftrudiJ
The' Sir Thomas Gates was on the Spot, yet Sir Tkn
Dale had a great Share in the Government ^ and Capt. An
reduced the Chicohomcny Indians.

Thefe two Gentlemen were very induftrious in the Servi
of the Colony j and the former, Sir Thomas Dale^ upon!
Thomas Gates* 5 Return to England, in the Year i5i4, pJ
Tided over it two Years j during which time it flourillie
r^/i/.G'orgeand he then going for England, left Capt. George Tardh\
Yardly Of/j. puty-Governorj took Mr. Rolfe and his 'Wi^z Pocahni
with him, and arrived at Piimcuth i\\Q ixi\ioVJune.

Capt. Smith hearing the Lady who had been fo kind |
him was arrived in England, and being engaged at that tiJ
in a Voyage to New-England, which hinder'd his waiting
her himfelf, petitioned Queen Anne, Confort to King Jai
on her Behalf, fetting forth the Civilities he had receiJ
from her, anJ the Obligations (he had laid upon the Enil\
by the Services flie had done them with her Father.

The Queen received his Petition gracioufly ; and beft
Capt. Smith embark*d for New-England^ Mr. Rolfe a
with his Wife from Plimouth to London. The Smoke I
the City offending her, he took Lodgings for her at Bmtj^
and thither Cape. Smith went with feveral Friends to \
on her. PoiM

Go-vemtir,
1616.

Pocnlionra
itrrivtt in
Kn^Jand.

The Ui/iory of Virginia. 367

U^aknfa was told all along that C^ipt. Smith was dead,
ffCufQ Ms not coming to Virginia again, from which he,
been divert^ by fettling a Colony in New-England,
reform, when this Lady faw hi'ra, thinking the En^lijb
injured her in telling heraFalfity, which (lie had ill de-
ed from them, flie was fo angry, (he would not deign
kak to him j but at laft, with much Perfuafion and At-
lance, was reconciled, and talk'd freely to him : She
put him in mind of the Obligations (he had laid upon
reproached him wich forgetting her, with an Air fo
jy, and Words fo fenfible, that one might have fecn
iure abhors nothing more than Ingratitude, a Vice which
[{11 the very Savages deteft.

She was carried to Court by the Lady Ddawam^ and en- tUr Treats
[jin'd by Ladies of the firft Qiiality, towards whom (he ^"»' "'
iaved herfelf with fo much Gra^c and Maiefty, that ^^-B^hAvlw*
ilirn'd the bright Charader Cap. 5w//A had given of her.
whole Court were charm'd with the Decency and
mdeur of her Deportment fo much, that the poor Gen-
m her Husband was thrcatned to be call'd to an Ac-
unt for marrying a Princefs Royal without the King's
lonfent.

[Tho' in that King James fhew'd a very notable Piece of
'^I'Craft j for there was no Likelihood that Mr. Rolfcy
I marrying Pocahonta, could any way endanger the Peace of
i Dominions, or that his Alliance with the King of /i^/Vf*?-
I could concern the King of Great Britain : Indeed wc
fctold" th^c upon a fair and full Reprefentation of the Mat-

the King was pleafed to be fatisfy'd.
[The Lady Pocnhnta having been entertained with all
nncr of Refped: in England^ was taken ill at Grave/end,
ikere (he lay in order to embark for Virginia : She died ^''' ^'", "'»
bre with all the Signs of a (incere Chriftian, and true Pe- ^"8i»"*«
kteiit.

She had one Son by Mr, Rolfey whofc Poilerity are at this
ly in good Repute in, Firginia, and inherit Lands by de-
t from her.

Capt. Jfl/v//)', whom Sir Thomas Dale had left Governor,
the Buildings and Fortj run to Decay, being fo eager
planting Tobacco, thuc he negleded th/2 Security of the
ttleraents, and would not fpare Hands enough to keep the
irtificatioM in r.^oairj he alfo omitted fowing Corn. And
i the Colony fell into their ufual Diitrefs, were reduced
;reat Want, and expofed to the Mercy of the Indians.
n the following Year Sir Samiid Argall came over Oo- '1617.
nor, who was grieved to fee the Number pf the Peo- J'^^m"*!
l^ITen'd, and every thing tunning to Ruin. ThcurSr, ^''

»/■■-■

MH..

f?*

if, -1 .K" • ■

fiSm

368

7l)e Hijlory of Virginia.

4 X- '

*« '. i-

|6<8.

The /rt^//tf«i alfo, by mixing with the En^tljh, had ieaj
the Ufe of Firc-Arms ; and the Planters, out of UiinJ
cmpIoyM them to hunt and kill Wild-Fowl for them.

Sir Samuel Jrgall did what he could to regulate th
Diforders ; but the Mifchief had taken Co deep Root tj
he could not hinder its Growth.

Capt. y'ardly returned to England^ and Sir Samuel Am
gbvern'd the Colony in Peace till the next Year, i(Ji8,wli
the Lord Delaware, who all this time feems to have be
Chief Governor, and thofe that fuceeeded him only his
puties, came near the Coaft with 200 choice Men, fr^
Recruits of Provifions, and all manner of Neceffaries.

My Lord ftill fail'd the old Way, by the Canary A
Chanbbee Iflands. The Length of the Voyage had an
EfFedt on his People, of whom 30 died, and the Lord.
/.«-/< Dela- laware himfelf did noc live to reach Virginia-, fo thatl
^'c i" '"' 5tf '''«''' continued in the Government.

Sir Samuel Argall having Advice that the Virginia CoJ
pany in England were about fending a great Number
Recruits, in Expe<Sta>.ion that there would be Corn enouj
raifed by the Englijh for their Subliftence, he wrote hon
Reafons that might hinder any fuch Store, and repil
fented the main one, which was fending over GentlemJ
and Soldiers, as if they were only to fight for what th|
could get, and not Farmers and Day- Labourers, who kna
and could do the Bufmels of the Field.

Powhatan dying in April, left his Kingdom to his fecoij
Biother Itopatin, who renewed the J^eague with the En
lijh ', but this Prince was foon outcd of his Dominions
Oppecancawugh, his younger Brother, who reign'd ovj
Chicohomony^ made himfelf Mafter of all the Nations
round him, and his Empire at laft became formidable
the Englijh.

Sir Samuel Argall finding his Colony was in Peace, ai|
that they thrived apace under his Government, began to 1
• about him a little, and refolved to undertake an Expeditij

on the Coails, to make Difcoveries, and dillodge
French, who had fettled in Acadia.

In his way he drove out fome Hollandersy who
feated themfelves on Hudfon's River j he then attack'dl
Settlement of French, to the Northward of Cape Cul
and afterwards drove Monfieur Biencourt from Port-R(i]al\
Canada, where the French had fow'd and reap'd, built fiari)
Mills, and other Conveniencies.

Thofe of them that were for returning to France he pe
mitted to embark, which fome of them did, and othq

Sr Samuel
ArtaU'i Ex
ped'itiom a-

Diucht

ourers, who knq

The Hijlory of Virginia. 3 6^

^„t up the River of Canada^ to make out a niw Settle-
^nt there.

With the Plunder of thefe two Forts Sir Samuel return'd
^fir^inla ; and how he could juftify his attacking the Subjeds
fi prince who was at Peace with his Mafter King J ames^
^es not appear in the Hiftories which mention this Event j
jly wc are told, that fomc Months after it there arrived a
jll Vcflel from England, which did not ftay for any thing,
jyt as foon as Governor Jrgall was on board, it fet fail j.nd
ptricd him home. The Occafion of his being recall'd ig?/<"r«d/;>
flt known, and therefore 'tis imputed to his attacking the

He left Capt. Nathaniel Powell Deputy, who the fame ^''f'' ^=*^-
ear redgn'd his Office to Sir George Yardly^ whom King c^mor?^*
'0CS had knighted, and the Company made Governor, sir oeorge
There arrived with Sir George, and fome Months after ^""^'y ^''*
iiHj 1300 Men in 28 Ships, the Earl of Southampton^ one''

the Company at London being zealous to furnilh them
ith Supplies of Men, Cattle and other Provifions. Thefe
ited themfelves in all the Plantanons that had been defert-
I, and planted new ones. And now the Colony grew fo
lomerous, that to have the Confent of the whole in the
of any Laws or Orders for the publick Good, Re*
cfentatives were appointed to be chofen for every Precindt,
to the P^'ple were to ele6t in their feveral Plantations.
Thefe Rcprefentatives being the firft Aflfembly that fat zi'ThefirflAj-
'Irpnia^ met at y^ww Town in May, 1620. The Gov^r-^'"'^'^'
J and Council at firft fat with them, as the High Com-
iiffioner, Lords and Commons were wont to fit tog^thet
the Parliament in Scotland -y here the Affairs of the Setile-
lent were debated. We (hall fee, in the following Chap-
!, how this Method of their Seffion came to be alter'd.
In Augujl z Dutch Ship put in there with Negroes, and the
Tchant fold 20, which were the firft Slaves that were

ught thither from Guima. This Year alio the Bounda-^

of James City were marked out, and Land was laid ouc
feveral Places, to the Company, to the Governor, the
bll^e, the Churches, and particular Perfons ; new Settlements
'ere made in James and Tork Rivers j very gf eat Supplies
indnua!!y came over: A Salt- work was fet up at Cape
hfUs^ an Iron- work at Falling Greek; and Sir George
feem'd to make Amends for his former Male- Admini-
rationj yet he ftill fuffer'd the People to grow fecure, and

[leded providing for their iMence. He was fucceeded
the Government by Sit Francis IVyat, a young Man, who Sir Pranaj
' in OSiobtr, liit; aind this Year matt Meft fettled ^v*- ^•-

Bb there, ,$,3.

'■'V

M:^^

*li^|i

S; '■ Ml!

! i, # i* Ifc

■"&,

K«

3ro

I'he WJlory of Virginia.

r? -i

there, who falling to planting, they made fo much Tobaccl
that the Market was ovcr-llock'd, und the CommodJ
yielded little or nothing. The King pitying their Lofs
it, commanded that no Planter fliould the next Year plaj
above lOo /. of Tobacco a Man, advifing them to curn thd
fpare time to provide Corn and Stock, and make Potalh
other Manufactures. In November Capt. Newport arrivd
with 50 Men on his own Account, and fettled a Plantatio
at the Place, which from him is call'd Neuipcn^
Settlements were made as far as Patowmeck River, where ta
Indians never molefted the Englijh ; on the contraiy, thd
were always friendly and ferviccable to them.

The General Aflembly appointed inferior Courts, «li|
County-Courts, to be held for the more convenient Diftri
bution of Juftice in Caufes of lefs moment : The reft we(
tried before the Governor and Council, who were the rj
preme Court of Judicature in the County. The ProfpJ
rity and Increafe of the Colony render'd the EngUih carcle
of their Safety. They converfed frequently and openly wij
the Indians^ admitted them to eat, drink, and lleep wij
them, and wo«:ld often do the fam'j at their Cabins;
this means the Savages became acquainted with their Strengtll
and learnt the ufe of Guns. They knew their Places of rJ
fidence and Refort, and their Fear of them by Degrel
wearing off, prepared them for any bold Enterprize again!
them on the firft Occafion : And 'twas not long before the
Emperor Oppecancanough took an Affront for the Murder (
one of his Captains, a Man very eminent in his Nation fj
his Valour. This Fellow had robb'd one Manning^ an
kill'd him, for which he was about to have been apprehende
and carried before a Juftice of Peace, when he came neK
time into the Engl'ijh Boundaries j but making fome Refiflanc
he was Hiot dead.

Oppecancanough^ on News of the Death of his Captaiij
refolved to be revenged, and he and his Indians contrive
a general MafTacrc of the Englijh^ which was to be execute
on Friday the 22d of March^ 1622, and moft of the N^
mlffacftdhy ^^^^^ °f ^'^ Indians were engaged in the Confpiracy, whici
^** Indians. Was re/ealed to Mr. Pace by a converted Indian^
Maflacre in all Probability had been general.

The Difcovery he made being but 4 or 5 Hours before th
intended Execution of it, the remoter Plantations could nq
take the Alarm, and the Englijh that dwelt nearefl to
Savages were barbaroudy butchered. Men, Women anJ
Children, by thtin, to the Number of 334 Perfons. m^
Pact fled to Jamei Town^ and iQ did all to whom he could

162Z

5V)<fEnglifli

1 Indian^ or th

^he Hiftory of Virginia,

[jyj>Jotice of the Confpiracy. Others flood on their De-
jce, and made a retreating Fight to their Forts. The
Iflaniations were deferted, and the Planters who lived at si
Oilhnce commanded to fet their Houfcs, Barns, Store-
job, y^. on Fird, to repair to the Forts, and defend
Lmfelves againft the common Enemy. Moft of thofe
|jjjt were kilVd, lell by their own Weapons, Inftruments
y,j Working Tools. Thofe who were at the Work in the
I Mines near Falling Creek were all murder'd, except a
toand Girl, who hid themlelves. This Iron-work could
leifer after be rcftored, nor the Lead mines, which the Su-
rinrendant had juf- then difcovered, be found out. The
Bfojctl; of Glafs-houfes at James Town was ruined by the
Hiikre, which put Improvements out of Peoples Heads :
(,om this time they were fo eiiraged at the Natives, thac
L never gave over warring with them till they had almoft
Lrl) extirpated the Nations that were concerned in the
llalfacre. They dealt the fame meafure to them that they
I received from them ; and the Savages, fearing the Eng"
h after they were colleded into one Body, fled to thd
Vonds. The Governor invited them to return to theii?
ra Habitations, and plant their Corn, which, on Promife
tr peace, they did; and when they were as fecure as the
Mijh had been, the latter fell upon them, cut great Num-
•rsofthem to pieces, anddcftroyed their Corn and Habi-
htions. They attack'd and entirely deftroy'd Powhatan^ Op-
\mtanough's Royal Seat, where, in Imitation of the Eng-
he had built him a Houfe, and was fo pleafed with the
i)ntrivance of a Lock and Key to fallen the Door, thac
i&id his Imperial Majcfty fpent moft part of his time in
icking and unlocking it, wondring how fuch a flight Turn
Hand fliould have fuch an EfFedl on the Door and
[oftern. The Englijh continued to aflault the Indians
perever they found them j they deferted thofe Parts where
By then inhabited, and the Colony receiving frefli Supplies
om England^ and Arms and Ammunition out of the Tower
fthe King's Command, extended themfelves every way,
[id planted over all the Country, as 'tis now peopled and
jldvated.

Some time after this Maflacre, feveral Gentlemen pfo-
ired Grants of Land in England from the Company, and
hers came over on their private Accounts to make Set-
nents j among the former was one Capt. Martin^ who
s named to be of the Council, This Man raifed fo many
Serences among them, that new Diftradions followed,
lich the Indians obferving, took Heart, and once more

B b a . " fell

371

ili.f^^l^J^

l!l

r^» /. '

UP n

372

I'be Hiftory ^/Virgink.

fell upon the EngUP) on the Borders, deftroying them with
out pitying either Age, Sex, or Condition.

Thefe and other Calatnities being chiefly imputed to tiJ

Mifmanagement of the Proprietors, whofe LolTcs had

difcouragcd mofl of their belt Members, that they fold thel

Kr.iGiM.i. Shares; King Charles I, on his Acceffion to the Throne, dil

i'mln! ' ^o^v^^ t^^^ Company, and took the Colony into his own in,

m^auy. jpgjjj^jg Djredtion. He appointed the Governor and Coun

<;il himfelf, oxdcr'd all Patents and Procefs to iffuc in his owi

Name, and refer ved a Qiiic-rent of 2 s. for every hundr?

Acres.

We haive been the larger in our Account of this DifcQ
very and Settlement of P'irginia, becaufe that Part of th
Hiftory of the Colony is flighily touch'd by moft of tli
Writers who have treated of itj and we have from all
them taijcn fo many Pajticulars, as will together give tn
Reader 2X\ Idea of the Infancy, Growth and Increale ofth
Settlement, from C^t. JmiAai and Capt. Barlow's Difca
very of the Country, to the Government of Sir John Hd
t/^jf, who was the firft Governor of f^irginia after thq DilTq
The prefmt lii'ion of the Cpmpany. The King ordcr'd the future Fori
Cc»ji!tHthn of its Copftitutioa to be by a. Governor, a Council of i|
fittied. Gentlemen, and the Aflembly, confifting, as has been faid
of Reprefentatives deputed by the fcveral Towns and Coulj
ties in. the Colony. He granted large Trai^ts of Land
Gentlemen and others in England-^, and ^ to fome of thej
added Authority independent of the Government, giving eac
Gentleman the fame Power in his Province, as the Propr
tors of Virginia had formprly. The grcateft of thefe Gran
was that of the wliplc Territory of Maryland^ which w|
given by the King to George Calvert', Lord Baltimore.

The Virginians pretend thac this Divifion of their Counti
into feparate Provinces, created feparate Interefts, aqd th]
the general Advantage of the Whole has often fufFered
their Oppofition to tne Regulations which have been mad
for the common Good. They tell us, that when the Gd
vernment of Virginia has thought fit to prohibit the Expol
ration of bad Tobacco to help the Marker in England^ \i
Planters of Maryland have poured in as much Tralh as thj
could make, to take the Advantage of that Market. Wli
tjier the People of Maryland have not the. fac'e or the lijf
Conaplaints to make againft the Virginians, is to be dpubte
^nd that the Induftry and good Management of that Coloij
have fct an Example even to her Mother-Plantation, which]
had been better with her if fhe had followed. We niuflleave th
pHpute to be 4c9ided by theGcntlemen concef n'd in it^and coj

tirJ

land.

Sir William

7^e WJlory of Virginia. * 37 j

Luc our Hiftory of Vtrgima^ during the Adminiftration of
jir '^,j/)« Harvey, who was a great Promoter of the large vvjoim
IGrants that were made of Land in his Province, and often '''"'"'y ^•''
Lent To far, that he procured the very Settlements which *'"'""^*

been made before to be included. In a Word he was a
|,ery bad Governor, fcvere in his Extortions and Exactions,
lin Fines and Forfeitures, proud and turbulent in his Councils,
lindro unjuft and arbitrary, that the Gentlemen of the Co-

y,not being able to endure his Tyranny, fcized him, and ,^^5,
Ifaithim Prifoner to London^ in the Year 1639. 'J hey de- Seh^-u .t,i4
of their Members to accompany him, and exhi-/'""/"''"2-
!»[ their Grievances to King Charles I, who was fo far from
drelTing (hem, that he immediately ordered Sir John //^r-
Ivffto return to his Government. But the Cry of the Plan-
jtation was fo loud, that it was to be feared it might reach
the Parliament: To prevent which. Sir John was foon, re-
iird, and Sir IViUiam Berkley orderd to fucceed him.
/»5/> John Hwvtfi time, fays Bullock, in his Difcourfe of '^^"^^'•^y^'"
jiVp/», i*}hat perplexed Condition were both he and the^*^**"^'
Kntltmen and the Country tit, when, upofi his Complaint,
U(j were fent far f torn Virginii, U anfwer here in England at
m Council-Board j and again, upon theif Complaint, he and
\s Friends mnft come to London, to anfwet at the fame Place,
m this iterated f beftdes continual Heavifigs and Shavings be*
^wn two Parties, &c.
The DifTerences between the Govtffnof *nd the Colony
ccafionc i fo much Confufion, that the Indians, who watch'd
lOpporrunides to fall upon thtf Englijh, furprized them a-
lin, and cut off f 00 Men, Women and Children.
Oppecancanoiegh highly refented the Incrt>achnients that '^'""^'"'
lad been made oti hi^ Dominions by the late Grants, and ^^''^''"''
I contrived another giSneral Miflacre j but ^he EngHJh were
bttercd up and dowrk irt fo iMny fepWite Plantations, that
[twas impofliblc for him to dellYoy theitt at once, without
entire Conqueft, to which he could not pretend. Hov^-
ver, he order'd the Savages in all Quarters to mafffacrft
ie Borderers, and himfelf and his Indians v^ere the itioft
iive of all in deftroying thofe that Had fettled on York
tiver, by the Natives called Pamaunkee, where he him-
Bf kept his rude Court, and had fi**d the Seat of his
npire. This Pririce is by Mr. Srhith faid to be Powha-
vis Brother. He was of a large Stature, a noble Prefence,
ndunderftood the Arts of Government as well as 'tis poflible
a Man to do, who was entirely unacquainted with Let-
The Indians by Traditioni report, that he was not re*
to their King Fctvhatan, but came from a far Coun^

Bb 3 try,

r ;}'■■•

■ t

flip's J

'ii LlHi

!i!

374 77^e Hl/^ory of Virginia.

try, wliich liy South-Weft of thcirij and, by their Dch
fcription of it, mull be near Mexico^ or the Mines of ^
Bivb/f. This Adion of Oppecancanough provoked the En-hi
io much, that they never would give the Savages Pit
but continued to make War upon them till they took thtil
Emperor, and led him into Captivity ^ for Sir IViHiam Hoi
ley hearing he was at fome Diftance from the I'lacc of hi
ufual Redcicnce, march'd againft him with a Party of Hon
furprizcd and rook him Prifoner in the Weftem Parts
8f<K-ifkf Ht;nrico County. Sir IVilliam intended to fend him tothl
fZlua ^ Kingj but a Soldier, in revenge of the many Mifcrics th]
nuugM. Colony had endured by his Incurfions, iliot him in the Bxli
of which Wound he died. Ueforc his Death he carried hir
felf with a Magnanimity truly royal. Me was very old, wori
out with Age, and the HardOiips of War. His Eyc-Iids werl
fo heavy, he could not fee without the Help of hisScrvanij
to lift them up. When he was a Prifoner, hearing a Noi3
about him, he caufcd them to be lifted up, and perccivinj
'twas the Noife of a Rabble that were then come to fd
him, he refleded with Indignation on the ungenerous TreaiJ
tnent of the Engit/h^ in making a Sight of him, and expolinj
him to the Infolence of the Multitude j and calling for th
Governor Sir IVilliam Berkley^ he faid, Had it been my h
tune to have taken you^ I would fiot bafely have cxpofedyou ai ,
Sh.nv tJ the People.

On the Death of this Emperor, the Nations whom he haj
fubjeded became afraid of the Power of the Eugl'ijh. Therj
j-cmaincd no Prince of an equal Genius to keep fo manj
fcvcrai Kingdoms united. They fct ;ip Sovereigns of thci
own, and their Strength being weaken'd by this Divifioq
the Englijh were no more afraid of any Diflurbance bj
them, unlefs it were thofe who lay neareft to them, an|
confequently were more liable to be furprized by them i
Sir IVilliam Berkley made Peace with all of them, and th
Savages knowing they could get nothing by War, kept it i
long time unviolated.

The manner of Oppecancanough' s Death is varioufly r«j
latcd by the Writers that have made any mention of itl
ibmc fay he was kill'd in the Adtion, when Sir IVilliam Ber(
ky canw to furprize him. Others, that he was taken anj
committed to Prifoq, where he died. The moft auchenticl
iMilock. Account of it is what we have taken from the Authrt
the Kijiory c,^ Virginia : 'Tis certain, that with him the Powc
of the IrM.,ns was entirely deftroy'd. The Colony A^asinj
fajr way ot improving this great Advantage, and there weii
no lef^ than 15000 Men, befides Women and Children, oi

The Tli/Iory g/Vlrgitm, 27 S

|,]ie place. When News came of the Troubles in Fngland^

Lhlch naturally affc«5lcd all thcCoimnics, bclidcs, that the Re-

L[jonsand Friends of the Inhabitants were involved in them,

L),fy depended on that Kingdom for Supplies and Piotcdion,

L|i£J a conftant Market to take off the Commodiiits their

PLnurions produced. A'/V^/Vz/V/, for a while, was more con-

ccrn'J in them than any of the other Settlements : For Sir

Wtllum Berkley ftood out again ft the ufurp'd Powers in

f r/rt«rt', after the Murder of King Charhs I. and by his

Loyalty hindcr'd the Commerce of the Planters there witli

[licir Friends and Correfpondents at home. Their Supplies

lot Provifions were cut off, their Tobacco lay on their

Hands, and the Virginiatn were obliged to fubfill by them-

Ifdvcs, which they were now in a Condition to do • for the

Ipianters had great Stocks, 30000 Head of Cattle, ^n in-

IfinitJ Number of Hogs ; Beef and Pork were 16 e/. a Stone,

|\Vhcat and Barley very cheap, but few Beafts of Burden,

: there were no more than 200 Horfcs and Mares, and
i;o Afles at this time. However, as much as they abounded ^^''*'
|in Provifions, they could not long have fupportcd them-
Ifclves without AflTiftance from England^ nor have been able
|to have kept up their Stocks for want of other NecefTaries
Ifor their Maintenance j fuch as working Inftrumcnts and
|Too1s, Hows, Axes, ^c.

The Parliament of England, who were very careful to fe-
Ifure the Plantations, fcnt a Squadron of Men of War to the
Wijl Indies, under the Command of Sir George Afcue^ wirh
llniiriidtions to reduce Barbados, the Charihbee I Hands, and
Ithe Northern Colonies to their Obedience. We fliall fee, in
ItlieHiftory of Barbados, what Sir George did at that I Hand,
Ibn whence he detacii'd Capt. Dennis, with a fmall Squa- (■'•'?'• Den-
Idron of Ships to iand feme Forces, and drive Sir IVillwm vLjnfa^tf
mkley out o\ J' '^inia. Sir IViUiam ftill continued \\ktheOhedimct
lunlhakcn Prinoplc^ of Loyalty. He hired fome Dutch Ships "f *"' ^•""
Ithat were then in his Harbours, and made a brave Refiftance, '""^'^'"'
VlkVirgintj^tns being animated by his Example, Capt. Den-
Ib/'j attacked them to no Purpofe ; and finding he fhould lofc
la great many Men, and perhaps not fucceed at laft in his
lEmrerpriie by Force, he had Recourfe to Policy. He gave

u: that he had two very rich Cargoes of Goods belonging
Ito two of the Council aboard one of his Ships, and if the/
Idid 3ot furrendcr themfelves to him, and engage the reft to

ifotoo, he w6uld detain the Merchandize. The Council
[were too well inclirtled to comply with the Wickednefs of
Itlie Times: 'Twas only the Governor who was willing to
pjard all, rather than fubmit to thofe Powers, to whom

B b 4. tbreQ

V-'-

^■^:^\l

i>u

,^v

576 ^he Hiflory of Virginia.

tbree potent Kingdoms had already fubmitted. He woulJ
hearken to no Terms till the two Counfellors, whofe Heart
were bent on the Safety of their Goods, engaged the Ma
jority of their Brethren to agree to a Surrender j and si
fVilliam was npt fo very refolute, as to pretend to oppofl
both an Enemy without, and a Fadtioo within his Goverr
ment ; fo he was forced to lay down his Arms, and retire tl
his Plantation. Wq cannot omit correding a Miftake q
the Hiftorlan we have often mentioned in this Hiftorv
who fays Capt. Damn's was fent by Oliver. He has run ini
the vulgar Error of thofe, who call all the Govcrnmena
from the King's Dea*:h to CromwcPs, Oliver^s; wherea
Cromwel did not turn out the Rump till two or thre
Years after Sir George Afcuis Expedition.

Sir JVilliam Keith gives into the vulgar Opinion, and, n
a ft range Fit of Orthodoxifm and Loyalty, afferts, that Vir
ginia neither fubmitted to^ nor acknowledged Cromwel'j Authi
rity ; not diftjnguifhing between the Parliament and Cmi
wel. He alfo glories in the Happinefs of Sir IP'illiam Berl
lefs Government, that there were no Puritans in Virgma\
whereas the Truth is, that the Puritans of Virginia ^nt t|
New-England for Minifters to come and preach to theml
but Sir William, Berkley would not admit them to continul
among them. 'Tis fomewhat extraordinary that Sir IVilki
Keith, who probably imbibed his firft religious Principles aj
ippng the Presbyterians in Scotland, and (o long refided
xnong the Quakers in Peti/ylvania, (hould have fo highai
Opinion of Sir JVilliam Berkley's wife Adminirtration, wh|
acted fo much againfl: the true Intereft of the Country hi
governed, that he got rejlraining Adts to keep ProteftanJ
out of Virginia, at the fame time that Lord Baltimcre,
Roman-Catholicky gave Encouragement to Proteftant Differ
ters to come to and fettle in bis rrovince oi Mary land \ an
this fuccceded fo well, that it foon rival'd Virginia in th
Tobacco Trade. In other things Sir JVilliam Berkley behaveJ
like a Governor, who had a landed Intereft in his Province.

Cromwell was in Scotland then, and had nothing to dd
with the Admiralty of England, farther than as his Council
influenced the AfSirs of the Commonwealth. When h]
was actually in Pofleflion of the fole Adminiftration,
bulled himlelf about the Plantations, as much as any othe
part of the Englijh Dominions, and Virginia fell under '\^
Cognizance as well as the reft.

We read, in an. old Hiftorian, that Major-General Pointt
who was made Governor of the Leeward Ijlandi by thj
Parljapept, fail'd from St, Chriflo^bir^ \o Virginia, beforj

Sir

ne Hi ft or y o/'Virpjlnia.

177

George Afcue fent Dennis^ who, it feems by that Au-
found the Bufinefs done to his Hand, and that Country
ie only Retreat for Cavaliers, was forced to fubmit on
Lms of Indemnity.

Col. Diggs was firft made Governor of Firg'mia by^„/ p.
,l,e parliament, during whofe Government nothing rcmarka- Governor.
Ijehappen'd. He was fucceeded by Mr. Bennet, and hcA/r. Bennet
lyMr. Matthews. The two laft Governors only were puc<^''^"'«<"''
l\,j Oliver-, tho' the fame Hiftorian fays, that Olggs, Ben-^^l-Jf%]^
gtiad Matthews were all Governors during the fmall time vcrmu
fjlCromwers Protedorate. If fo, there muft have been
lome other Governor between Sir William Berkley and Col.
\j^m, if not the changing of Governors was not fo ex-
[[jordinary as he pretends. Before the End of our Hiftory,
ifc Ihall more than once find three Governors in (even
Years; for fo long it was homSix iVilliam Berkley^Swh^
jiiffion to Oliver's Death ; and this was the lefs rare, becaufc
Jlr. Matthews died in his Government.

The Trade of ^/V^i»z<? flouri(hcd in thofe Days, notwith-
ing the A<Sl which paft in one of Cromwefs Parliaments,

break off that Colony's Correfpondence with other Na-
tions, and to prohibit their exporting or importing any Com-
Bodiiies whatever, but what (hould be loaden aboard Eng-'
1^ Ships, navigated by Englijh Seamen- which Ad, com-
monly call'd the ASi of Navigation^ was juftify'd after the
Reftoration, by another Ad of Parliament to the fame
Purpofej but with feveral Reftridlions and Prohibitions, by
Bonds, Securities, k^c. Sir William Berkley having fliewn
igreat Concern always for the Good of the Colony, was
mightily beloved by the People. On the Death of Mr.
Matthews, when they were without a Governor, they imme-
fecly caft their Eyes upon him, and by an obliging Vio-
lence compelled him to aflume the Government- which
however he would not confent to, unlets they all promifecj
to join with him in venturing their Lives and Fortunes for
the King, who then was in Exile ; but not at that time in
frme, as our Billorian affirms.

This was indeed a very bold Adion, for as yet there
had no News arrived of Oliver's Death, and the Anarchy in
England that fucceeded.

The Virginians accepting of the Terms he propofed, he
iccepted of the Government, and, we are told, forthwith
proclaimed Charles II. King ot England, Scotland, France y
Inland and Virginia. It happened well for him and his Co-
lony that King C/;tfr/« was not long after reftored to the
Throne of his Anceflors; yet we don't find that the King

1 gave

'ri, "»1

77je Hiftory of Virginia.

CJ. Francis
\Axx\ on

1660.

ITt Heha-

gave Sir TVilliam Berkley any greater Reward than cg
tiiiuing him in his Commiffion, and making him one
the Proprietors of the Province of Carolina^ when he
reded it into a Principah'ty about the Year 1661.

Sir Wiltiam going for England to congratulate his
jefty on his Refloration, left Col. Francis Morrifon his
puty.

When he came to Court, he was gracioufly receivl
by the King, who, in Honour of his loyal nrginians, is fj
to have worn a Robe at his Coronation made of the sl
that was fent from thence. Col. Morrifon^ in the tnel
time; behaved himfelf to the general Satisfadlion of tj
Plantation. He order*d the Laws to be revifed and collect}
into a Body, to be laid before the Aflembly at their nei
SefTion. He took the fame Care of the Church, as he dl
of the State. He regulated the Pariflies, fettled the MiJ
fters Allowances, got a Revenue for the Support of the QA
vcrnment, and other Laws for the Encouragement of tH
Linen and Woollen Manufa(9:ories, the Breeding of SilU
worms, Tanning and Salt-works. While the Deputy-Gd.
vernor was fo bufied for the Service of the Colony, SI
JVilUam Berkley was in England^ taking his Inftrudioif
from the King, for his future Condud. His Majeftyol
der'd him to promote Husbandry, Manufadures, Silk an
Vineyards, that all Ships trading to Virginia fliould go tl
y^OTwTown, and be enter'dat the Cuftom-houfe there b{
fore they broke Bulk , which Order was given with an In
tent that by it the People might be tempted to come thithd
and dwell there, for the Convenience of Trade j and had i
been obeyed, it might have increafed the Number of Build
ingsinthat City, which is now much lefs than it was fouij
fcore Years ago, every Body coveting to live at his Plantaj
tjon, and fettle where he thinks he fhall have the bcft Crop
and Conveniencies of Shipping. This is the Reafon thai
there are fo few Towns in Virginia^ and thofe that are therj
fo very fmali. Sir IVilliam being fully inftruded by tlij
King how he fliould proceed on his Return to his Governj
mcnt, fct fail from England to Virginia^ where he arrived
in the Year 16(^2, and immediately put the People upon
Sir w.iliam improving their Plantations, and advancing ManufsdtureJ
Berkley &\. ^^ fummon'd an Aflembly, and got an Ad pafs'd for buildl
ing of James Town. Lach County was to build fo manjj
Houfes, and fome adually built their Quota, which, not]
wirhftanding the Ad, were converted into Taverns and Eat]
ing- houfes, and the Town was very little the bigger foi
them.

I li

ifiii.

t/tNii/r.

ro f mi

nia.

I'he Hlflory (?/* Virginia. 3^^

By Sir iniltanfs Behaviour on the Revolutions in En^landy
It may perceive he was no Friend to the Puritans. Before
le Civil War, he procured fevere Laws to be made againft
ijuij and now he had an Ad part, laying great Reftraints
m them, which not only drove many People out of
'•qinia to Maryland and other Colonies, but kept others
sni coming thither,

Tho' the Order for all Ships to enter at Ja)ves Town

difpenfed with, yet the rigorous Circumfoiption of

rade, by theAd of Navigation, the Perfecution of DiflTen-

I and the low Prices of Tobacco, raifed great Clamours C('»'W'

Dong the Virg'inianSy fomented hy fome of Croniivei*s Sol- ^"^^

jers, who had been banilhed thither.

At laft the Mutiny grow to luch a Head, that fcveral

tlinters and others enter'd into a Confpiracy ap.ainit the Go-

nment : The Servants were the chief J'romotcrs of it,

ritha Defign to kill their Mafters, and feize their Plantations:

iinonz thofe, one Berkinhead, a Servant to Mr. SmitL ofFfJ-'"^

pm\n Glocejter County was one, and he repenting, Cxi-fpira^,

»ver'd it. Upon which Notice was fcnt to the Governor

Greenjpringy his Seat fo call'd, who underftanding that

it Conlpirators were to rendezvous at Poplor Spring near

hrton^ fcnt a Party of Militia Horfe to furprize them as

came. Accordingly fome were taken, others made

'. ipe, and informing their Fellows of the Difcovery

iior, prevented fuch as were on the. Road from

Dining to the Place appointed. Four of the Confpirators

terehang'd, Berkinhead had his Freedom, and 200/. Ster-

Lbeftowed on him for a Reward ; an annivcrfary Day of

hmkfgiving was appointed on the 13 th of September ^ the

Day on which the Plot was to have been put in Execution.

The King hearing of it, fent Orders to huild a Fort at

fames Town, to curb the Mutineers, and fcrvc for a Re-

u to the Governor on the like Occafion ; which Orders

Sfere never obeyed. Indeed the fending Orders from /'w^-

Wto build Forts, or ftoreup Ammunition without fending

fcney to do it, is making a Jell of the Security of the In-

labitants, and an Air of Government very far from begetting

leverence or Love. The Virginians being loth to be at

[the Charge, when the Danger was over, they only raifed a

Bauery of fome fmall Pieces of Cannon. A very poor Dc-

Ifence, if ever they (hould be forced to make ufe of it !

In England another Ad of Parliament paft, which was
[thought to be a Hardihip upon this Colony. It prohibited
■having any foreign Goods, but what were firft landed
hEnglandy and thence exported to them, I'hi:; reduced

the

'«■"■ J-

.'•}}'

"I f pi %

Mi^f:

::*<>

"■ f-

380 ^jeHiJloryofVugmh:

the Price of Tobacco ftill lower, and raifed that of all
rop'on Goods. They, in return, prohibited, by an Adfl
their Affembly, the planting of Tobacco for one Year
order to keep up the Demand for it j but this A(5t had 'i
the defired EfFed, becaufe the Province of Maryland refj
ed to content to it, and ftock'd the Market fufficiently
keep down the Price. They attempted again to have
planting of Tobacco ftinted, and the Agents of Cardll
and Maryland, who were then at James Town, confenJ
to it J but the Governor of Maryland evaded it, and pJ
claimed the Adt void. Thus the poor Planters drudg'd 1
to their Lofs, their Tobacco yielded little or nothing, a]
al! forts of Goods that were imported from Europe b
very high Prices, which vv is enough to raife Difcontents an
Murmurs, and produce the Difturbances that foon afj
happen'd.

The' the Virginians had all the Reafon in the World
exped a Compliance from the People of Mary la; ;/• yi
tVey condefcendcd to fend Agents to St, Mary\ thf, Catf
tal of the Provinces, as it were to petition for their ConfeS
in which they were unfuccefsful alfo, the Governor teiliij
them, He would not call an AJfemhly on purpofe.

About this time there were Attempts made to prevei
Ships unlading any where at the Matter's Pleafure, that 1
toreign Goods might be imported, which had not bed
landed in England. 1

It had been found impracticable to oblige all Ships tocntl
al James Town, and afterwards di^erfe themfelves upaif
down in the fevcral Rivers whither they were bound, ai^
were ufed to unload their Cargoes, and load again, even 1
the very Doors of the Merchants to whom they were coil
lign'd, which gave them many Opportunities of bringing i
prohibited Goods ; wherefore his Majefty order'd that For|
fhould be built in the feverai Rivers; that all Ships fiioai
ride under thofe Forts j and thofe Places only be the Potj
of Trade.

Had thefe Orders been obeyed, it would neceffarily haj
caufed People to have reforted to fuch Places, Houfes wou|
have been built, and Towns raifed by Degrees, without til
Forq,e of an AO:, which has little Influence on the Wills 1
. People ; and in free Governments, where Mens Properti(
are concerned, the fcaws are always tender of ufing to
much Violence, unlefs the immediate Sarety of the Con
mon wealth requires ir.

The Plague and Fire happening at London when the
Forts were about to be bailt, put a Slop to the Undertaking

The TJiJlory of Virginia.

lit never was profecuted afterwards; for want of which
J Dutch often infulred the Coafts in the Wars^ between
dand and HoHandy and took the Ships out of the Har-

33 1

>ir$.

fro defend them againft any Invafion from the Enemy,

lltw Batteries were raifed, which contributed little to their

fcurity.

[Sir IViWam Berkley^ to remedy the Evil of the low Price

[Tobacco, earneftly recommended and heartily encourgg-

Ithe Silk and Linen Manufadtures, Pot-AHi and Hemp:

fet an Example himfelf at his own Plantation; and ic

been well for the Colony if they had induftriouily
low'd it.

[The Indians all this while continued quiet ; indeed they
irft not offend the Englijhy who were now grown fo pow-
that they could fend an Army of 6 or 7000 Men into
! Field, and leave twice as tnany at home to look after
lir Plantations.

[Hefent out Capt. Bait with ij\.EngliJh and 14 Ittdians to^dventHnr..
laice Difcoveries. This little Company went from j^ppa-
iix in Charles County, and in icy^n Days time reach'd the
[oatof the Mountains, which they crofs'd with great Difficulty Difcoverin.
I three Days more, and then defcended into fruitful Val-

where they found an incredible Quantity of Deer,. Elks^
iiffaloes and Turkies, fo tame, that they would fufFer them'
soil to reach them. They alio found Grapes as big as
ill Plumbs.

Farther forward they came to a Rivulet, which defcended

(kwards. They travell'd down that Stream feveral Days,

[coming to fome Cabins, they couki perceive that /«-

ms had lately been there, and, as they fuppofed, Aed a«

at Cupt. ^tf// and bis Company's Approach.
I the Savages he had with him could not be perfuaded to
p feme Marilies that were beyond tho(e Cabins. They

there lived a Nation a httle farther that made Salt, and
[lid it to their Neighbours; that they (uflfer'd no Body to
urn who had been amongft them : And notwithftanding;
!apt. Ba t ufed all the Arguments he could think of to per-
ie them to go forward, the cowardly Indians would not
fr a Step farther, fo the Company was forced to return.
On tlie Report Capt. Ban made to the Governor of his
[Travels and Adventures, Sir IViUiam Berkley refolved to go
Q Perfon ; he had made Preparations for it, named the Man who
[fas to have been his Deputy-Governor, got the Affembly to
ifs an Adl in favour of the Enterpri2«, and juft as things
Tc ready for his Departure, Col. Baton's Rebellion biokea/.B^con**
utj which ruined the Deiign. In ^(biiuta.

Ji i

h-i^'m

382

The CattJ'ts
of it.

' 7 he Hijiory of Virginia.

In the Year 1^70, four or five Years before Capt. 5^/]
Encerprize, Col. Collet ^ with 9 Engl'tjh Horfc and 5 /«^//^^
march'd up in the Country j and fo did Major Harrisy wil
20 Englijh Horfe and 5 Indians ; but to as little Advantal
as Ban's : After whom, Sir fVilllani gave a Commiilion
a German Surgeon to difcover the South- Weft Parts of y\
ginla.

He went along the Foot of the Mountains as far as d
Lake Sherre^ and difcovcred them to be paflable in t\v|
Places. This h\m reported, that while he was in an /|
dian Town near the Mountains,^ there came '4 Savages
an Embaffy to the King of that Town, from a King wi]
lived beyond the Mountains.

He brought back an Emerald, and fome Spanijh MoneJ
which he had of the Indians bordering on the Lake thera
and this raifed Conjedures, that the Spaniards are feated nei
the Back of thofe Mountains.

The Rebellion we are going to fpeak of being one of tti
moft extraordinary Events that ever happen'd in the Eml\
Plantations; we fhall be larger in our Account of it, whid
we have taken from pablick and private Authorities.

The Author of it, Col. Nathaniel Baton^ Jun. was!
Gentleman who had been liberally bred in England^ haviJ
ftudied fome time at the Temple: He was young, bolq
a£tive, handfom and eloquent; his Merit advanced himi
the Degree of a Counfeilor, and his good Qualities got hiil
the Love and Refpe<St of the People, who *' "re at that tin
very much difafFeded with the Government, and ready
take Fire ; which Bacon perceiving, blew up the Coals
DilTention among thein fo much, that at laft it burAoij
into a Flame.

Before we come to the Fads, it will be proper to let tii
Reader into the Caufes of the Peoples Murmurs and Refcn^
ments, of which thefe four were the chief :

1 . The low Price of Tobacco in England, and the h\
Prices of all Goods exported thence to Virginia.

2. The Grants made by King ChixXts^ oj feverai ParUi
their Country to Noblemen in England, in fome of which fcvl
ral of their Plantations were included.

5 . The Burdens laid upon them by the Parliament in En^
land, and Taxes by the Ajfemhly in Virginia.
4. The Di/iurbances gi'oen them by the Indians.

Of all thefe Grievances, that of the Grants was the moj
intolerable, their Property being given away from chem, at

Parliamtnt in Ed

^je Hi (lory of Virginia. 383

they had been at great Trouble, Hazard and Charge to
l(e Settlements.

7Iie Afl'embly taking the bad Condition of many of the
jnters, by the vexatious Suits, and the Expence they were
fced to . be at about their Titles to their Plantations, into
onfideration, deputed Mr. Ludwell^ Secretary of yirglmoy
Col. Park^ to go to England^ to reprefent the Matter to
King, and petition for Redrefs.

A new Tax was levy'd, to defray the Charge of their
5|age ; and this was the more burthenfom, becaufe the
\mii did not fucceed in their Negotiation.
After a Year's Patience in waiting for News from them,

had Advice, that there was little Hopes of Redrefs.
pon which they grew outragious, and their Rage ended in
ebellion. King Charles hearing of it, would not hearken to
lit Agents Remonftrances ; and thofe of them who had
mey were forced to compound with the Grantees for 3
400/. a Man.

The Indians, ever fince their laft Maflacre, had kept very 7* ? Indian*
Diet till lately ^ and now they began to be troublefom at-^""*
;Head of the Bay oi Chefeapeak, and on their own Fron-
(trs. Thofe at the Head of the Bay ufed to trade with
)dutch in Menadasj Imce call'd New-Tori.
I When the Indians travell'd thither, they paft, going and
ping, by the Frontiers of Virginia, and traded with the
L/«/<7«;, who had thejfirft of their Market, and the
oice of their Furs, While the Dutch ftaid at Monadas
\ TrafiRck went on very peaceably ; but as foon as the
wh who had poffefs'd themfelves of New-Tor k and the
[lade, underftood the Advantage their Countrymen in Vir-
gin made of it, they treacheroufly fet the Savages againfl-
icm, and fuccceded fo well, that inftead of calling on them
jFriends, they never came but to murder or rob them.
iThc Indians^ on their own Frontiers, were provoked by
iLofs of their Trade, which decay'd daily, and by Sir
\iiam Berkley's Attempts for Difcoveries, which they ap-
pended was intended to deftroy them; 'and therefore,
^eiie\'er they had an Opportunity, they never fail'd to
m their Hatred and Cruelty to the Englijb, who being
mti peeviih by their Lofles and Grievances, were glad of
I Occafion of venting their Fury on the Indians ; and on

Cry of Murders committed by them, moft of the

orer fort demanded to be led againfl: them, refolving ut-

|rly to extirpate all the Nations of the Savages. They ga-

!r'd together in riotous and tumultuous Bands, running

JDOi one Piantadon to another, without a Head, crying

out

w '■

i^i

384 ^je Ht/iory of Virgnm.

out againfl the Barbarity of the Natives, the Murder of the
Countrymen, and engaging more and more every Day
undertake an Expedition for Revetigc.
j/r William The Governor, who was jealous of his Prerogative, woul
Berkley rp-^ not fufFcr them to judge when 'twas fit to make War- J
KSwj""^'^^ more they were for it, the more obltinatc he wasij
'-''*"*' to allow them to take Arms : However, they continued thd
Meetings, and Col. Bacon fell in with them, approved
their Zeal for the Service of their Country, aggravated ti
Calamities they endured by the Indians, and complained
the Want of a R<^ulation in Trade.

The Multitude were tranfported with Joy that they hi
got a Man of his Quality and Merit among them, aiKj in
Bacon ehofen mediately chofc him their General ^ which Poft he
Cewraiby ccpted, and by his Eloquence and obliging Carriage
« ' "f '• charm'd them, that they were all to a Man entirely at hisDl
votion.

He knew the Danger of the Step he had taken, and yi
his Ambition, or his Intereft (for 'twa* thought bis DefiJ
was to engrofs the whole Indian Trade to lumfelf ) dill fpuJ
him on to open Rebellion. He muftcr'd bis Men, exj
cifed them, and prepared them for Adtion, the Pretence I
inga War with the Indians^ which was at that timeavei
plaufibte one. To reconcile his Ambition with his Duo
he fent to the Governor for a Commiffion, and order'd t|
Meffenger to reprcfent the Mifchiefs the Savages did fo i
plorably, that Sir William might think himfelf obliged, I
the Neceffity of their Affairs, to make him General.

The Council had fuch an Eftcem of Col. Bacm\
that the Governor did not think it fafe to deny bi^ Requ
flatly J fo be anfwer'd the Mcflcnger, He unuld conjulti
Council^ and find him W»rd what Rifolution they came to ail
it. But' Bacm had not Patience to flay for the Rcfult
their formal Debates. He fent again and again to Sin
lianiy toiiTue out a Commidion, and difpatch it away
bim, that he might lead the Vplunciers againft the hdk
faying, They had alreadf. choftn him far their General^ ,
he and they refolved to begin the tVar^ whether the Gmn
fent him the Commijfion or net.

'Twas out of Cautiofl that he defired it, to juftify his 1
ing Arms ; and findmg Sir fVilliam prevaricated with
he, with 4.0 of hb Mea in Iria owti Skx)p, went tojai
Town himfelf, to gee what h« watnced : He took his 5ea*^
the Council-Board, like a Man who, far ftom coiDmiti
a Fault, defer ved Thanks for his Zeal for the publick
and againft the common Enemy.

an, the Pretence 1

Ion, and order'd

^je liijlory of Virginia.

385

fje laid before the Council the mlftrable State of the Bor-
01 how they were plunder' d and murdered by the Savages^
J bow ready the Volunt'ters were to drive them from the
Lm» <^^^ prevent fuch Calamities for the fnture^ if they
Ua IVarrant to dofo.

Xhe Governor, inllead of granting i5<jf«« a CommifTiony'^f 9"'?*^'J^,
pinmandcd him todifperfe; and, for fpeaking too freely ^^^'„, J.' "'
tfore the Council, fufpended him ; by which he cxafperated
jliian who had it in his Power to be revenged, when he
(ijnfelf had not Strength to oppofe him.

/J. B. owns he went beymd his In/iru£liorts^ in fufpending
]i(m but I believe he did not do fo in procuring a Law to
trfecute Proreftants for Confcience Sake. He is angry
U me for faying he withdrew from the Government, which
[did not fay ; but might have faid it, when he left it ta

I Aflembiy chofcn by Bacon's Writ<<.

Bam broke up from the Council -Table in a Heat, and
fcfflt out with an Intention to retire to his Men. Sir ff^il-
^m fiird a Long-boat, and made after him, fending away

ne Horfe to ftop him, when he landed at Sandy^Pointf

I Place be defigncd to go aihore at.

His Orders were obey'd here, and Bacon forCed to return
yjma Town. The Governor, inftcad of chaftizing hi?
Violence, received him very gracioufly, and by fair Words

dcavoured to diHuade him from his intended Enterprize ^
^t Bacon was refolute, and perfifled in his Demand of a
oiflion, knowing Sir IVilliam durft not do him any

t, when there were near looo Men in Arms, who

lid feverdy have revenged whatever Punifhment had
infiided upon him : Befides, while they were difputing

e*Matter in Council, fireHi News came of Murders and

obberies committed by the Indians^ which feem'd to

rrant Col. Bacon's Defign and Demand.
I However the Governor, who was as jealous of his Prero-
as he was zealous for the Welfare of the Colony^
1 not grant him the Comnuilion, becaufe it lookM as if

was extorted from him, and that there was a Power in
fr^inia fuperior to his own.

Bacon feeing he could get nothing by fair Means, made
Efcape out of James Town, and poftcd av/ay to the
[(toiiers, of whom he led 6 or 700 to the Town j and ^^^^ ^^
them up in Battalia before the State-hbufe, where thejamesTbiv.n
nbly was fitting; fo that he had now the Governor, «''**'*

uncil and Affembly of Virginia in his Power, and may ^""J'*
£ud to be Mafter of the Colony<

il6

Tb«

i • i*-

'.:■ ¥i

mi \\

^^tm I

il 'if '

■m

■im

M^H

its

hH|<

ti Y^^m^HR^HnH^DMB^ '

^^Q|;

386

Fanti tl e
Crnvernnr to
fltve him a
Lurnmijjltn.

IIS prO'

The Hifiory of Virginia.

The Aflembly» befides that many of them wiflv'd weli
to liacon'i Enterprize, were afraid of offending him ; ib the
drew up a Cbmmiffion themfelves, and prefented it, with ai
Addrefs to Sir fyUliam Btrkley^ defiring him to iign it.

By this Commiffion he was conftituted General of ai
the Forces in Virginia-^ and Sir fVJlJiam, much againft
Inclination, fign'd it.

As foon as Bacon had it, he march'd towards the Fron.
tiers, and was chearfully followed by his Men; and n]
doubt, had not Sir IrilUam Berkley done what he could
hinder his Proceedings, thefe Forces, under fuch a General
woulu have conquer'd ail the Nations of the Indiam to th
Mountains.

'Tis true the Virginiam did not want Room, yet the SJ
vages were fo ftilfe and cruel to them of late, that
feems to have been their Intereft to have got rid of luc
troublefom Neighbours ; and fo the People of Virgv.M gend
rally thought at that time.

When Bacon had modcftly withdrawn his Troops, to leaj
the AfTembly free, the Governor prevailed with them
confent that his Commiflkm fliould be revoked, which wj
done : Then Sir JVtlliam proclaimed him a Rebel ; con
manded his Followers to deliver him up, and difperfe,
pain of being treated like Traitors : He Afo iilued out
ders for railing the Militia, and made Pieparatioos fori
Civil War.

The People were generally exafperated at this double DcJ

ing with Col. Bicm^ and bis Soldiers unanimouily refolvj

to live and die with him. Indead of marching againft

Indians^ as they defign'd, they demanded to be led back {

James Town, and in their March tbey fdl upon the U

and Houfcs of fuch as Tided with Sir Jvilliam.

TccGovermr The Govemor fled to Accsmackt on the other Side of tl

fit es from gay, hopiiig tlic Inhabitants of that County, which was ari

'"*' Diftance from thofe Parts where Bttcui had the greateft \\

tere(t, would efpoufe his Qparrel, having flill no \m

DifpoOtion to Peace, than before be bad proclaimed C(j

Bacon a Rebel.

A little Moderation in him would have remedied ttiQ
Diforders, which put the King and Colony to 1 00000
Expence to compofe them; and would have endangeij
the Ruin of the Country, had not Bacon's Death prevcntj
iti for upon the Governor's leaving James Town, andal
dicating the Government, Col. Bacon aflembled theGentJ
T^eGmtle- men of the Country at fididdU Pluntationy himfelf and foj
ww;ow»/r;/Qjj,gf5 Qf jhe Council figning the VVtit of Summons, whej

iWiynd a
Rebel.

77je Hiflory of Virginia.

387

,I)(V piiblifliM a Declaration of the Occafion of their meet-
I Jand an Airociation to Ihnd by Bacon againft all Oppofers,
Ljl'thc King was fully inform'd of the Matter, by Perfons
Ljpiitcd by General Bacon.
Xhey declared, among other things, that Sir William ^idpubujh
Berkley had fomented and Jfirred up the People to a Civir^^^.ljjff^"'*
llfar, and uithdraiun himfelf from his GoV'.rnment^ to the cliztrnrnfut,
\pH ^jhnijhmcnt and Unfetttement of the Country. That the
j/r/i; raifed by Bacon vjas for the public k Good; and that the
Uymtry Jti/Iify'd him in all his Proceedings.
I In the nr. ..n time Sir IViUiam was bufy In getting hi3
l[tisn^s together, to make Head againft the Rebels, whofc
lueafons would have had lirtle Weight with King Charles,
Lie they argued with their Swords in their Hands. The
IGovernor wns ftill dbftinately bent on reducing Bacon by
Iforce ; and in order to ir, levcral Sloops were provided
liotranfport the Men he had raifed over the Bay. Some of
k Parties met with fome of Bacon\ and Rencounters hap*
en'd, In which fome Men were kill'd, and fome taken.
Thus every thing tended to a Civil War, which muft have
lid very terrible Effe6ls, for Bacon's Men were refolute,
nS enraged at the Hardfliips they endured ; and Sir ff^tl*
imBcrklgys, animated by the Loyalty of their Leader, were
ifurious and implacable as the Generals, whom they call'd
ad treated as Rebels.

Bacon was much fuperior in Numbers j but the Governor
nding on Supplies from England^ afTured himfelf that he
aid it laft be too ftrong for him and all his Adherents.
f The King, when he was inform'd of this Rebellion, was
ifer from hearkening to the Pretences of Bacon*s Aflembly,
at he OrderM a Souadron of Men of War to be fitted out,
la Regirtient of Soldiers to embark aboard it for Virginia.
bs Squadron was commanded by Sir John Berry ^ and fet
labour Chrijimas^ in the Vear 16^6. The Hopies of 1676.
deSuccouts confirm'd the Governor in his Severity, and
I Terms of Accommodation were ofFcr*d to no Purpofe.
kchwas the dreadful Profpe(!l of Affairs in Virginia, when,
bpily for the Peace of the Colony, Col. Bacon died at ^"f ^*<=°"
r. liresT^s Houfc in Glocejier Coutity. He was privately '^"''
iiried, and the Place kept very fecret, to prevent his Ene-
^« infulting his Body, as would have been done, could
Corpfe have been found ; for ftrift Enquiry was made
trit, with a Deftgn to expofe his Bones to public k Infamy.
■Mrs. Afraa Behn the Poctefs wrote a Tragedy on this
' nt, call'd Bacon of Virginia. 'Tis probable fhe was
foader of the Story, becaufe (he lived fome time in

C c 2 America, >

fl '.

' 'yt\

I •; f

388

fbt HIJlory of Virginia.

it*,' «'^
•1 t • (

tur/tSt

ySmcrUoy her Father being Deputy-Governor of 5«r/;ja«
when in Englijh Hands, and her Converfation with the Nt
grocs there, did doubtlefs give her the Hint of her Kove
Oroonokoy the Foundation of thofc excellent Scenes of Mr
Ssitthern.

The Death of the General broke all the Meafures of tii
Malecontents , Col. Ingram^ his Lieutenant-General m
Col. Walklate^ his Major -General, laid down their ArmsoJ
Promifc of Pardon : The reft followed their Example an]
Re.kifrjr ^''* '^'^^'^''' Berklty returned to Jamei Town, after \aii,
"■^ '*' and his Aflembly had been about lix Months in PoircHion i
the Government of all the Countries on that Side of th
Bay, and had influenced the Aflairs on the other Side. Peac
being reftorcd, the Governor had Lcifurc to punifli th.
Criminals ; but having promifed them all Pardons, on the)
SubmilTion, could not do it without breaking his Word
Col. John/on and Col. IP^alklate were turned out of all thcj
Places, and incapacitated of bearing Offices in the Colon
for the future. As for his Proceeding with the reft,
could not come to any Rcfolution till he had OHersfroJ
England^ which he did not receive j for that Affair wasjeij
to Commiflioners, that were fent on purpofc by Kin
Charles to enquire into it ^ and the Lord Colepeppcr, wh
fucceeded him in the Government, was intruited with th
Power of punifhing or pardoning thofe who had a Hand i
the Diforders committed in the late Rebellion, which wcil
veiy fatal to the Country.

Janus Town, the Capital of the Colony, was burnt to th

Ground by Capt. Richard Lawrence^ an Officer under B\

ton, who, when his Men refufed to fet fire to the Houfd

.did it with his own Hands j and thus this unfortunate CitJ

which never deferved that Name, fufFer'd fomuch, thatl

has not lince recover'd even the Condition fhe was then inj

All Sorts of Improvements were negleded, Stock ran i

Kuin j the Indians^ taking an Advantage of thefe Confufion

fell upon the Borders, and butchefd the Inhabitants withoj

Mercy. They deftroyeJ the Plantations on the Frontiers f

much, that the Virginiam have hardly to this Day beenab

to plant them and flock them, much lefs to extend thq

Bounds } tho' the Savages are brought fo low, that their \

berty is precarious, and they are little better than Slaves i

tlie EngliJ}). Bacon , was dead and the Country in Peace m

fore Sir John Berry arrived with his Squadron, and tij

Raiment he had aboard, which landed in February follow

ing. The Soldiers were kept in pay, tho' there was no En

ploymenc for cbem^ and foon after ^ii William B«rkky weii

«<77.

1%e Ili/lory qfVirgink.

389

Lr£W<7»^, leaving H,rlert Jfff'reysy Efq; his Deputy-Go- "'•'bcrt

Ljrnor. Sir irilliam fell fick on his Arrival in tinglatid, and l;jj";,7:<5i^''

LisSickncfs confined him to his Chamber till he died. Thcvfr/*r"!'
King, who had all the Rcafon in the World to be picafcd
ithhim, enquired often after his Health, and forbad him rr wJiiiam

110 hazirtl 'f? by making too much Hafte to Court. Sir /^^/7/.U/»k!cv<//o
,„, never faw his Majcfty : However he had thcSatisfadlion'" '^"ti'''"^'

1 10 heu- the King had done him the Honour to declare he
highly approved of his Condudl in Firg'wia.
He had been Governor of that Colony from the Year 1640

1(01678, when he died, in all 38 Years, if we take in the

Lmeof the Ufurpation, when his Commiffion was virtually

I in force, tho' not adtually.
Mr. Jffreys's firft Care, after Sir rfllllam Berkley's De-

iparture, was to make Peace with the Indians: To that Pur*

Lfehe held an Aflembly at Middle Plantation, where Ba-

Ljb's Convention met, and Overtures of Peace were agreed
on and concluded in May 16^7. On the 29th of that

month, the Kings of the feveral Nation? were invited to
come and fign the Peace, and partake in the Rejoicings of
that Day, which the Governor celebrated with more than

Lfual Solemnity, in Commemoration of his Tlajcfty'r Birch

land happy Reftoration.
The Indian Kings and Qiieens came to the Place ap-

I pointed, and were kindly received by the Comnr-fHoncrs
and Council J and Silence being proclaim'd, the A lici^sof
Peace were publickly read, and each of them expounded by a fakmn

llnterpreters. After which, the Queen of Pamunke was de^ ^'"j' •*"''*
fired to come within the Bar of the Court to fign the Treaty/*' ''"^""''
in Behalf of herfelf, and feveral Nations that were united un-
der her Subjcdion. She did it chearfully, and deli, er'd the
Inftrument to the Governor, of which he gave her back
the Counter-part j and on the exchanging thefc Inftruments,
the Field-pieces were difcharged.
The Queen and the other Indian Princes were nobly en-
tettain'd by the EngliJ}j, and the next Day returned to their
Kingdoms. This is the laft formal V:^' ;; that was made
with the Savages -, and now they are funk fo low, that if
they fliould dare to give the Englijh any Difturbance, a
Troop of Militia-Horfe would cut 4:m all to pieces. They
do the Firginians more Good rhr n Harm by their Trade and
Services, and are fufFer'd to enjoy the vain Name of king-
doms, tho* Ktntifl) Town is an Empire, compared to the
biggeft of them, as will appear in another C^^hiprer. 7'^-
Governor and Aflembly had given he L.tw cj tucC- '" 1» :

Cc 3 i.a'v;

!>..•■ %

f,vM5

''^■■i

ft r it

h II

!l)|

390

Sir Henry

Chickcly

VeputyrGo-

T679.
The Lord
Colepepper
Gavtrnor,

enr

7^e Hiftory of Virginia.

Treaty, which, tho' they thought hard Meafure, they wcr
obliged to comply wich.

Mr. Jfffreys died the following Year, and Sir //<
Chickely was appointed Deputy- Governor in his Place.

He did nothing extraordinary, or worthy to be rcmem,
ber'd, except procuring an Ad of AfTembly, for building M,;
gazines at the Heads of the four great Rivers, where Men
conftant Pay were order'd to keep Guard, and Stores 01
Arms and Atnmunition were laid up,to the gres.tTerror of thi
Savages. The fame Aflembly obfcrving that Tobacco w
frequently imported from Garolvm and Maryland^ paft j.
Ad againft ir, to flrcighten thofe Colonies for want 01
Shipping.

In the Year 1679, the Lord Colepepper^ whom the Kin
had made Governor of Virginia, arrived there, and brouehi
with him feveral Ads drawn up in England to be paft jnti
Laws.

He fummon'd an Aflembly, and the Members underftand
ing he had a Power to call fuch to an Account, as had beci
concern'd in Bacon's Rebellion, to keep him in a good Hu.
xnour, paft feveral Ads, wherein the Authority and Intere
of the Governor were inlarged, and he, in Return, gave hi
Confent to fome that were grateful to the Country.

The Lord Colepepper obtained a Salary of 2000 /. a Yeai
of the King, which before was but 1000/. He, on Accoun
of his Quality, got an Allowance of 150 /. a Year for Houfc
Rent, and turned the ufual Prefents made him by Mifters 0:
Ships, of Wine and Provifions, into a certain Sum of M(
ney, fettling the Rate at 30 j. for each Ship above one hun.
dredTun, and 20 i. for each below that Burden, which Du-
ty has fince been Icvy'd as ftridly as if it had been given b
an Ad of the AfTembly. Befides thefe Advantages, his Lord
ihip bad one in view that would have turn'd very well to Ac
count, had it taken EfFed. The Aflembly taking into Con
fideration their Lofs by lowering their Coin, which had occa-
iioned the Country's being almoft drain'd of it by Exportatioi
to Places where it pafl for more than it did in Firginia, or
der'd a Bill to be brought in for raifing it.

The Governor interpollng in the Matter, told them ji
Wits the King's Prerogative to alter the Value of the Coin,
And the Prerc^ative being intrufted with him, he would d
it by Proclamation. The Aflembly durft not oppofe fuch ai
Argument. Thofe were not times to difpute the Prerogativi
Royal i fo the Governor's Reaibns were allowed, and thi
Ad drop^.

• ■: " *-• Hi

^he Hijlory of Virginia. 39 j

His Lordfliip, having gain'd his Point, privately bought up

bthe light Pieces of Eight he could get, at 5 s, the Piece;

j„(j then put forth a Proclamation, to raife the Value of them

(J;, He foon after produced an Order to pay and disband

i^e Regiment that had been fent over by Sir John Berry -^

jiid accordingly he paid them off with thofe Pieces at 6 j. a

piece; and they were forced to take them at that rate.

This Lord however found very great Inconveniencies by

Iij5 raifing the Coin, as well on account of his own Salary,

lis Duty on Ships, as of the King's Taxes, v/hich were paid

in Pieces of Eight at 6s.z piece : The Lofs was like to be

more than his Gain, by injuring the poor Soldiers. He af-

fefled a defpotick way of governing ; and, by his Proclama-

Itjon, repeal'd feveral Laws. The Virginians began to be a-

Ifriid that the Ads of their Aflembly would ftand in force

L longer than the Governor Ihould think fit ; and that his

mllaiit, PUafure would be fet over them inilead of Laws

liuid Ordinances.

This occafioned fre(h Murmurs, and had not Bacon\ Re-

Ibellion been fo lately fupprefs'd, it might have ended in

Mutiny. The Aflembly, at their next Seflion, to put a Stop

|to lii^e Evils, paft a particular Adb to provide againil the ill

IConveniencies of them.

The Lord Colepepper did not ftay quite a Year in Virgi-
\m before he embark'd for England. He left Sir Henry
\chickeiy his Deputy- Governor, the Country well fettled,
the Crop fo good, that the Planters made too much
[Tobacco, by which the Market was glutted, and the Price
fell yet lower : And this produced a new Riot; for fome g^ j mot about
the Inhabitants, to raife the Price, agreed with their Neigh- 7o6j(c«.
hours not only to deftroy their own Tobacco, but all the
Plants round the Country, wherever they found them, while
I they were yet in their Beds.

Accordingly they cut up their own Hrft, and then did fo
lifl other Plantations, whether the Owners confenced or
loot.

They deftroy'd a great deal of fweet-fcented Tobacco,
lind threatned to cut up all^ but they had not Courage e-
oough to ge through with their Defign. The Offenders
1 were feizcd, imprifon'd, tried and were condemned to be
their Plant-cutting being adjudg'd to be Felony
Sedition, and was declared to be fo by an hOk of the
I next Aflembly..
The Lord Col£pepper returning in the following Year, be- 1680.
m to think of trumping up his Title to the Northern Neck^
la large Territory containing feveral Counties.

C c 4 Thefc

■I

I Ml •; *'

59«

ThLord
polepcpper
ftts f ' e
Novthern
Ktik.

fhe Hiflory of Virginia.

Thcfe Counties had the Privilege of fending ReprefenJ
tives to the Aflembly, as well as the other : And the Alien
bly being the fupreme Court, to which all othera were
appeal, he was afraid his Propriety wotild never beallov
by them j wherefore he contrived to get the Appeals out
their Hands j and to that End, raifed fuch Divifions hetwe]
the Reprefentatives and Council, that the f6rmer precendil
to the fole Power of Appeals, were encouraged in their PrI
tences fecretly by the Governor, till he had Iriftrudions frol
the King; to whom having rcprefented the Quarrel to tl
Pi(advantage of the Reprefentatives, h*-, Majefty order'd chl
all Appeals fliould be made to the Governor and Counc
and now this noble Lord thought he might put in his Clai]
to the Northern Neck, by a Grant from the Crowl
There were fevcral others concern'd in the Patent, and thcl
he bought off; after which, he prevail'd with his Coulf
Mr. Spencer, Secretary oi Virginia, who lived in the A/cr/zJ
Neck, to fide with the Patent ; which he did till he died
For his Lordftiip, notwitftanding he had broken the ok
Conftitution of the Aflembly, thought 6t to proceed
fair means, and engage as many of the Inhabitants as
could to own his Propriety, as he did Col. Philip Luiw\
when he was in England, in the Year 1690.

This Gentleman undertook to manage his Matters for hiti
but could make nothing of it.

Col. George Brent and Col. IVilUam Fitzhugh^ who all
were Inhabitants of th^Neck, engaged, as Col. LudivelM
jJone, to ferve him as their Proprietor ; but had no bete]
Succeft than Col. Ludwtll,

The People of the Neck addrefs'd the Aflembly, and thsj
the King ; which had no EfFed, becaufe they had no
gent in England to folicite the Afl&ir : So the Inhabitants b^
jng tired with expeding Relief in vain, and wearied by vex«
tious Suits with the Proprietor's Agents, thought it rheirlij
tereft to compound with him, and pay him Quit-Re
The firft that did it was Col. Richard Lee, one of the Cbuij
cil, whofe Example was followed by the reft; and Co
Robert Carter, another of the Council, and one of thj
greateft Freeholders of the Northern Neck, is at this time tlJ
proprietor's Agent.

\Ve have been the longer on this Propriety, becaufe i
was the Occafion of altering the Conftitution of the Govern
ijicnt ; and beljdcs, js a very large Parcel of the Colony.

I muft own I have been extremely concern'd to fin
Grants upon Grants to Creatures of the Times after th|
defloration, of large Tracts of Land in America, that ha
' ' \- ^ - bee

ne Hijlory o/' Virginia. 39 j

^ji difcovered, planted Aod fettled, at the fole Expence,

IJJicnie and Hazard of private Perfons, who could only have

liR^'ht ro the Property of them. If the Crown was at

L (Charge of the Difcovery and Settlement, raoft certainly

L Right iis in the Crown to fell or to give the Coun-

L in whole or in Part, that was fo difcovered and fettled.

This Northern Neck had before been granted to Henry Earl

of St. Albans, y«9A» hox6 Berkley^ Sir JVilliatn Martin, znd

Un fredway, Efq; but that hinder'd not its being granted

py again to the Lord Colepeppcr^ after whofe Death k

dine to his Daughter, married to the Lord Fairfax, whofe

Son the prefent Lord Fairfax, has lately took a Voyage

iliither in Perlbn, and caufed an exad Survey to be made

of the Neck, in order, as Sir IVilliam Keith writes, to de-

lermine Difputes about the Limits and Boundaries; and

doubtlefi, with more fpecial Regard to the Qiiit-Rents of

tie Premifes.

In other things Lord Colif:ppcr*s Adminiftration was very
commendable; he regulated feveral Abufes that had crept
into the Pradice of the Courts, and prevented the Chtcan*
ly, fo much complain'd of in England, which was beginning
10 corrupt the Law, and leflen'd the Expence the Clerks
y contrived to put their Clients to. He demolifli'd the
Forts built by Sir Henry Chickely, they being a great Charge
indof little ufe to the Country. In their ttead he procured
in kd. to be paft, for fome Troops of Horfe to range on
[he Borders by turns, till there was no more fear of the
\Ums.

In the Year 1683 he returned 10 England, and would go 1^8}.
thither no more ; upon which, Francis Lord Howard of Ef- ll^.l^^ll'H^
fnihaw, was fcnt over Governor. The Ix)rd Colepepper Kffinpium,
liad declared his Kinfman Mr. Spencer Prclident of the Coun- Govirmr.
cil, tho' there were other Members, who, with more Rea-
fon, pretended to that Honour, being elder than he, and
the oldell Counfellor ufed always to be Prefidenr, as the
Prefident, in the Abfence of the Governor, or Deputy-Go-
vernor, always fupplies his Place.

Mr. Spencer's Prelidentfhip was attended with nothing re-
markable. And the next Year, 1684,' the Lord Howard ,8^
arrived, with the fame Refolution to get Money as his
Predeceflbr had done ; he condefcended to fliare the F'ees
with his Clerks, obliged all Lawyers and Schoolmaders to
;:ke out Licences to teach and plead, for which they paid
sccording to their Abilities j he extorted excefllve Fees for
fealing Probats, Wills, and Letters of Adminiftration, with-
out confidering the Value of the Eilates of the decc;;lcd :

w *

,• fi.'i

' .t ii ff

394

l^e Hi/lory of Virginia.

L( J.f

He threw Men into Prifon, and kept them there witho
Trials; he repeal'd Laws by Proclamation as much as
him lay ; for the Judges did not mind thofe Proclamatioi
but allow'd the Laws to be in as full force ar ever, one
ccpted, and that was the Law for paying Quit-Rent
which the Planters were permitted to pay Quit-Rent
Tobacco at 2 ^. a Pound. Tobacco falling afterwards til
Law v/as repeal'd byProclamation,and the Payment demand
in Money, or Tobacco at a Penny a Pound.

To which Order the yirginians fubmitted, no Man darij
in that Cafe to ftahd Trial with the Governor, efpecially 1
caufe the Quit- Rent was referved in Money by the Words]
'is Patent.

This Lord, by many other Exadions, fo exafperated
Criony, that they fent Col. Ludwell over to England '
make their Complaints to the King. Mr. Ludwell 6\d\
that could be expedted from a wife and a faithful Ageq
but did not prevail to have his Lordiliip removed.

We are obliged, for Connexion of things, fometimes
make bold with Chronology ; and the Convenience the R^
der will find in it, will, we hope, more than excufe
Freedom we take.

In the Year 1(^85, that fevere Duty, which hasfolo|
ri-r Jmfcji on loadcd Tobacco, had been the Oocafion of felling ma
Toiauo. thoufand Hog(heads at 12 d. a. Hogfliead, rather than
the Cuftom and Charges was impofed on this Commodj
three Months after King James's coming to the Crowj
It was obtained when the Parliament were in a warm Fit I
Loyalty, juil on the Duke of Monmouth-s landing.

This Impofition is the original Caufe of all the btreightsal
Hindrances in Trade and Circumflances which the Fir^
nians groan'd under above 50 Years, 'Tis amazing to co
fider, that a Commodity, worth, when it grows, a Ha
penny a Pound, (hould have fublifted fo long, above
a Century, under the Weight of an Impolition mo
than ten times the Value of the prime Coft. Sir IVilaii,
Keith, who had been a Colledor of the Cuftoms, as well j
t Governor, was fo little fenfiblc of this Preffure, that
fays not a Word. This Duty has raifed above twenty
Jions Sterling fiucc it was firft impofed.

The Bill had been read before; but 'tis thought would 1
have paft fo cafily.^ if the Duke of Monmouth had not
opportunely, and quicken'd it by his Rebellion,

This heavy Impolition has been a great Difcoursgementj
the Induflry of the Plantation, and is the Source of ail
Mifcrics the Planters Cnce fufter'd, having kept them

T«^85.

The Hijlory of Virginia. 3^^

deprived them of the means to fupport themfelves in the
War that foUow'd upon the Revolution.
fhe Lord Howard fummon'd an Aflembly, who laid the
Tax impofed upon Liquors imported from other Plan-
Qos. The Pretence was for rebuilding the State- houfe,
lich had lain in AHies ever fince Capt. Lawrence burnc
\mi 'rown.

His Lordfhip alfo ereded a Court of Chancery, and took
ijff that Jurifdidtion from the general Court j he aflum'd
Office of Chancellor, and the Counfellors were his
ifters. He would not hold this Court in the State houfe,
aufe the General Court ufed to fit there ; and therefore,
ijippofition to them, he heard Caufes in a Dining-room
1 private Houfe.

He exaded exorbitant Fees in his new Court, and made it
nvery much to account. This Novelty was laid afide
his Lordfliip's going for England, and the General Court
in refumed their ancient Jurifdidion, which was as old as
Colony.

Aj the Lord Howard had (hewn an extraordinary Joy on
ing James's Acceflion to the Throne, an Account of
lich was publifhed in the Gazette ; fo be as joyfully pro-
jmcd King PFilliam on the Revolution, and foon after
It for England^ leaving Nathaniel Bacon^ Efq; Father of Nathaniel
\Mcon^ Prefidentj during whofe Adminiftration the Pro-p^*^""' ^/^'
of a College firit began. A Scheme of it was drawn up /icU'^'Je
tlic Projedors, and prefented to :he Prefident and Coun-/'' "" /^f.
who approving of it, the Matter was prepared to be
before the Allembly.

Tiie Prefident had not time to call one himfclf j for 'twas
long before Francis Nichtlfon^ Efq; arrived with theFVmr^
rafter of the Lord Hoivard's Lieutenant. This Gentle- n; cimir -.,
I, on his Arrival, ftudied to grow popular, by all the ^' J' ^ /■/''
ining Arts which Pcrfons in Power make ufe of to cn-
;e the People : He made himfelf familiar with them,
felicitous about improving Trade, and encouraging M,i-
ifadures: He inftituted publick Games, and allotted Pri2.es
fuch as excell'd in Riding, Running, Shooting, Wreftling
Back-fword. He entcr'd heartily into the Projed ot
College.

That the Projed might not fland ft ill for want of En-

ragement from the Aflembly, which was not then fitting,

private Subfcription was propofed and agreed to by the

ivernor, and 2500/. fubfcribed, Mr. Nicholfon and the

nc I fetting the other Gentlemen of the Colony a good

mple, Th^ London Merchants alfo contributed generoufly

towards

Wi fe'

f is It* J

39^

The Hifiory of Virginia.

I 'it

i6(ji-

towards k; and in the next Year, when the Lieutea
Governor fummon'd an Aflembly, the Matter was mj
to them, who aloufly engaged in it, drew up an Ad
to their Majefties King IVilliam and Queen Mary^ to
a Charter for it, and fent the Reverend Mr. James Blairx
England, to prefent it, and folicit the Aflair.

The Aflembly pafs'd an A6t for the Encouragemen
the Linen Manufa^ftures, the Leather Trade, ^c. and)
other for Cohabitation; yet all the Laws for it avail'dl
thing., no Town was built by rhcm^ nor even Jamei Td
rebuilt to the State 'twas in, betbrc; 'twas burnt in the]
kbellion.

Mr. Nicholfon paid an t-ctracirdinary Refpt::'> to thefe
all other Adts of the Aflcml-iyjgcv.miai., hitnff;V> always llJ
by them iji the General Court.

The Lord Howard was Jlfmifs'd from being princ
Abi""''^ Governor in the Year 1692, and his Place ibpplied by
Gli,xTn<ir. Edmund Jndr OS ^ who had been Governc r of . Vm-£w^/J
and behaved fo very ill, tnat the Inhabioints feized and]
prifoncd him. He Jter'd his Coti'' 'it here for the betl
However, the employing a Mun oi iiis Principles in a j
volution Governmentj was one of the falfe Steps a
Miniftry produced in Xing William's Reign, owing to
Men as the Earl of Danby^ who had been deeply conce
in the Grievances of the two laft Stuarts's Reigns.

Sir Edmund arrived in February^ and b^an his Gov^
ment with calling an AOr^mbly. Thefe Reprefentatives '
fo managed by the Governor, that they fufpended the
for Cohabitation, which the Merchants of London werj
gainft ; and found it for their Eafc and Advantage to I
theTrade alike open in all Parts of the capital Rivers;
the Mailers of their Ships could not endure to think ot'
under a Fort, or at a Key, when they could come up to I
Door of a Planter or Fador, live merrily and plentifullj
his Houfe, and unload and load at Pleafure.

In England, Mr. Neal, the famous Projedor, had
cured a Patent to be Poft-Mafter- General of thofe Pad
America. This AiTembly took the Patent into ConfidJ
tion, paft an Ad in favour of it; but by reafon ofj
Diftance of one Houfe from another, 'twas found to be
pradicable.

In the following Year there happen'd a moft violent St(i
m this Province, which llopt the Coutfe of the ancj
Channels, and made fome where never were any ; by wh
means, between the Bounds of (Virginia and Newcapa
Pen/ylvania. are many navigable Rivers for Sloops and f«
VelTel?.

Lowtborp'y
Fkil. 'Iranf.
Vol. 2 p.

^je Hiftory of Virginia.

Ijlf Edmund Andros was very fond of iniroducing the Sra-

and Laws of England^ and even fuch as related to par-

r Cuftoms in that Kingdom, which was hke to have

t all things into Confufion in the Courts of Juftice ;

(he Adts of the AfTembiy being defpifed, thofe Laws

(vere the beft Title moft of the Planters had to their

ites, were forced to give way to Cuftoms and Ufages

ltd to the Tenures in England-^ by which the Virginian f

alarmed, as if they were all at once threatened to be

of iheir Holds.

flo Body knew what was Law, and a great Man was (b

I as to declare frequently, they had none of tkem any

\to their Lands : Tho' what he tpeant by it was a Myfta-

fie cither could not or would not unfold.

[5ir Edmund brought over the Charter for the College,

iDr. Thomas Bray went thither to be Prefident of it,

ying with him a Library, well chofen for the Ufes it

5 to be put to.

[Several Profcflbrs alfo were preparing to go over ; but
[that was done and given towards it came to nothing:
People were very ready to fubfcribe, but not io ready
^ in their Money : However, Contributions were fenc
England, which were promoted by the Example of
[ir Majefties King JVilliam and Queen Mary., of glorious
pemory, who, by their own Royal Bounty, invited others
liJEil 16 charitable an Undertakings and there was Mo-
[enough raifed to build the College, of which the Foun"
iBon was laid foon after Sir Edmund Andros*& Arrival.
I This Gentleman fet up feveral Manufactures, and FuUing-
llills, and Was earneft with the Planters to propagate Cot-
He regulated the Management of the Sccretary*s Of-
which had been mightily n^leded Hnce Bacon's Re-
jion. He commanded all the publick Papers and Records
ibeforted, and kept in exa6t Order; and when the State-
b/was burnt, he was careful to have them prefer ved, and
I that could be faved, to be again forted and regifter'd.
jle put the Clerks into a Method of difpatching Bufinefs;
by thefe and other commendable Adts, went a great
^ in gaining the Eftcem of the People.
He was aideavouring to find out ea(y means to rebuild
)Siate-houfe, which might not be burdenfom to the Peo-
e; and in all L^ikelihood would have efiedted it, had his
ay been longer.

In the Year 1(^97, Admiral NeviPs Squadron, which had
en at the Havana looking after Monfieur Point i and the
frmh Squadron, touch'd, in their Recurn home, at Virgt'

I nia.

397

f" ■ 1'

wSi

398

■Hi..'' ' M

,|i''i-

i'""

1619.

rv. N.chol
Ion Guvcr-

war.

. 7/&^ Hijiory of Virginia.

nia. The Admiral, Coii^modore MeeSy Capt. Z:;;.V5/^ ^\
Holms, Capt. Bellwood, Capt. Z^y/r, Capt. 5//^^'/?./ qJ
/o/Zifr, all the Dutch Captains out of (ix but one, and m]
of their Men, were dead of an infedious Difcafc, ^\l
the Remainder of their Crew brought to Virginia wilh theS
and the Infedtion fprcad in James Town, and the Counl
on that River, carrying off feveral of the Inhabitants ;
Plantation continued lickly along time after it.

In November i fjpS, Col. Nicholfnn^ who went from V\
ginia to Miryland^ returned to Virginia with the CharaiJ
of Governor. He removed the Scat of his Govcrnr
from yamei Town to Middle Plantati », where he bo
to build a City in honour of the King, mark'd out'ti
Streets in the Form of a fP\ and call'd the Town IVjlllan
burgh.

He procured a ftarcly Fabriclc to be built there, ovd
againft the College, and gave it the Name of the (ki>ii
Some Perfons, who were not endow'd with any publick Pri]
ciple, were againft this Expence, the Impofuions with whij
they were loaded in England and Virginia.^ keeping them 1,
wavs low. And now a Tax of 1 5 y. upon each Cbriftij
Servant, and 20 /. for each Negro, was laid upon theii
Befides, this Year was very Ikkly, and the Crop fo Ihort, tli
the Sb'ps returned home with not above one third Part
their Loading ; but the next was healthy and plentiful.

About the Year 1700, a Pirate came into Lynhoven-'^it
near the Mouth of James River, and took out feme MeJ
chant Ships that were fallen down there, in order to
England. It bappen'd that a fmall Veflel canrw into the Ba]
and faw the Pirate engaged with one of the Merchant- me
This Veffel dipt by the Pirate, and got into the Rive
where the Shot ^m, a Fifth Rate Man of War, Capt. Paiji^
ger Commander, lay, being newly arrived from England.

There was another Man of War, a Sixth Rate, Capt.
iired Commander, in Elizabeth River • but that was on th
Careen, fitting out for a homeward Voyage.

The Maftcr of th« fame Vcfiel pofted 10 Kiquotan^ whe
the Governor happen'd to be at that time, to fend away !il
Difpatches for England^ and Capt. Pajfenger was alfo gon
thither to wait upon him, and pay his Refpe^s to hitn (
his Arrival.

When the Captain heard of the Pirate's being in the h\
he was for haftening to his Ship as faft as he could, in hop
to come up with him* The Governor detired him to ftay I
Httle, and he wouid accompany him, fo he and Capt. fi?)
fenger put to Sea, and getting between the Capes and tli
River, forced the Pirate to come to an Engagement. Tti

The Hi ftory of V\rpm2i, 399

llTie Fight was fliarp and bloody^ but at laft the Pirate ^*' ^'•*"''»''*'
Ick, and furrendcr'd at Difcretion, the Captain of the !;|^'//^^*/'^'*
[ivitcer and his Crew being to be left to the King's

fit was reprefented by the Agents of the Colony of M-w-

^ji to King IVilUam^ that Virginia being fecured from

Indians and French by Nnv-Tork^ as by a Barrier, the

imnians ought to contribute cowards building the Fore

ke.

iTbe King referred the Matter to the Aflembly of Virginia^

the Governor thinl<ing it a rcafonablc Propofal, very

joufly efpoufed it. The Aflembly however drew up a

[anonftrance againft it, to this Pr pofe : That neither the

is then in heing^ nor any other that might be built in the
^tvince of New- York, couid in the leaji avail to the De-

viand Security of Virginia ; for that either the French or

I Indians might invade that Colony^ and not come within
to Miles of any ftich Fort,
I This Remonftance put a Stop to the Affair in the Af-

Dbly; whereupon the Governor contributed the 900/.

ifclf, the Sum that was demanded of the Virginians.
"!"; fo generous an Adlion, that it feems to bear forric
IP .^nce with that Roman Spirit, which the Heroes of

\i jii lince have been proud to imitate; and the G!ory

fit was what all the Governor's Enemies admired and

J Col. Quarry of Virginia^ then in England^ declared in
iMemorialj deliver'd to the Council of Trade after Queen
L's AcccfTion to the Throne, That as fom as Governor
fidiolfon found the Affembly of Virginia wmU not fee their
mhterefi^ nor comply with her Maje/ly*s Orders^ he went
^diateiy to NQW'Yoik; and, out of his great Zeal to the
)iuns Service^ and the Security of her Province^ he gave
'imn Bills for 900 1. to anjwer the ^ota of Virginia, wholly
itnding on her Maje/iy*s Favotn'^ to teimburfe him out of
< Rtvenues of that Province,

And as Col. Nicholfon was generous in promoting the Secu-
of the Province of New-Tori, fo was he to encourage
as fought for the Defence of that of Niw- England^ in
idmeof the Indian War; when two New- England Wo-
having (urprized and kill'd 10 or X2 Indians^ and bad a
ift from the Aflembly there, he feat them alfo a very no-
sPrefcnt.

In the Year 1701, the Governor hearingthe Freruh Pri- ,7,1.
Btecrs were bufy on the Coafts, laid an Einbargo on all
^ps, to prevenc chcir going Qut, and 5iUing into their

Hands.

% i

40O

7be Hi/lory of Virginia.

:r«|

l|03.

1704-

■^'^

Hands. The fame Year fomc Camels were brought thithi
in fomc Guinea Ships; thofc Bcalls would carry 12^
Weighty but we have not heard how they thrived thai
and llippofe the Virgwhns fuccccded with them no bett]
than the Barbadians, who were ibon forced to lay dov
that fort of Carriage,

On the 8th of OEiober, ^l^l'i ^^'cre happen'd a very vij
lent Hurricane at Vtrginia^ which was ihe more reinaikabl]
bccaufe that Country is not lubjci^'^t to fuch Accidents. In th
Temped feveral Ships were driven aftiore in their Harboun
and others damaged in their Mafts and Rigging- and tnuq
Mifchief done by it in the Plantations.

In the following Year Co!. Nicholfon returned to fJ
land, having in his Government deferved a better Ch:ia(M
of the Province of nrglnia, than the late Author of tli
Hiftory of that Country is pleafed to beftow upon hir
The Reception he met with at Court, is a fufficient Demon
ftration that her Majefty approved of his Condudj and
the World nmft condemn that Hiftorian, otherwife judicic
and eloquent, for fiififering a private Pique to prevail over tfi
Juftice and Gratitude which was due to the Merit of ti
Governor.

George Earl Hc wss fuccceded by Gmge Earl of Orkney, Lieutenani
./Orkney Govcmor of his Majcftv's Armies, whofe Deputy was £J
Ed ward' ^'^''^ Nstu, Efq; During their Authority nothing extrao)
Notte, Ef<f; dinary has happen'd in Virginia, which Colony is now in]
VepHty-Ca- {j^{q jyj^ fiourifliing Condition, liavingnojufl: Refon to con
pUin of any thing but ihofe Taxes, which the Prefervatio
of their Religion and Liberty at this time makes necelTary.
The Earl of Orkney held this Com mi (lion 36 Years, an
received for it, in that time, upwards of 4.2000 /. Sir IFtllia
Keith writing, ** Out of the Salary of 2000 /. a Year, 12c
*' is paid him by the Lieutenant-Governor reliding in tl]
Country, whofe Commiffion is from the King, with tli
fame Authority of the Great Seal, as is the Chief Gove
nor's J by this means the Titles of Honour and Power i
adlingare equally in them." If the Lieutenant-Gorerno
who was always on the Spot, and could and did the who
Dt'.ty of the fupreme Magiflrate of the Colony, 'tis a lit^
extraordinary that he who had all the Care and Trouble 1
the Government, Hiould have but Soo/. a Year paid hiij
by the Virginiam, and the Governor, who never was to 1
to Virginia, have 1200/. pur Annum ^ by virtue of his 0|
fice in this Government.

In another Place Sir IFilliam Keith extols the Benefit 1
this principal CommiiTiQn to a Man of Qpality living

vt fitr.

C(
(C

The Hi/lory of Yngmiix. ^0%

dandy to be at hand if the Colony's Affairs require AppH-
Btion w the Court ; bu: I cannot thinly ihac the late Lord
l^^;,/v, who yet probably did as nouch for the Virginians as
, other Lord would have done, procured a tenth of the
ivantagc which 42000/. would have been to them ; and I
uftown I have different '^ ntiments of the Fitnefji of s
k'oblcman to be Agent for a Colony in England^ and that
\i Planter or Proprietor, who knows its Wants by his

feeling. And as the Inhabitants of the American Colo-
its have a natural Right to the Protcdion of their Mother-
jte in all Cafes, and do ctherwife pay well for it,
«y furely will never ftand in need of any other Mediation,
[ir;iem, than the Juftice and Reafon of the thing, which
^% requires AcceG to thofc that can proce^ft them.
Mr. 'Notu prevailed with the Aflembly to provide a Fund

building a convenient Houfe at lVUliam\burgh for the

bvcrnor's Refidence. He died in a few Years, and Briga-

t[ Hunter was appointed to fucceed him in this Govern-

m-f but he being prevented by the then Er cny, procecd-

[ no farther in that Dcfign, upon which QoL Alexander (^"^ ^?°^^'

\,tj'wood was appointed the Earl of Orkney's Deputy, or ra- cStwr'*

Br the Crown's Deputy-Governor. He was a good Sol-

lerand Mathematician; he laid out the Ground and form'd

I Plan for building the Magazine in the Center of fVil'

mshrg^- JH« projected a Law for regulating the /;7^/<?«

ffidc, and raifing thereby an eafy Fund for inflru(iiing the

iiian Children in the Principles of Chriiliaoity.

Governor Spetfwood promoted a Law for lodging all To*

icco in Score houfes, to be examined as to its Goodndfs

m exported. Sir ff^il/iam Keith praifcs the Wifdora of

jiis Project; ; but methinks the making any Man Judge of

iGoodnefs or Badnefs of any Commodity, and the giving

the Power of rejecting it at his Choice, who may have
{particular View or Intereft in it, muft have been a great
cuinbrance ta the Planter and on Trade}, the Planter's
\d\id: not being always alike good, tho' bis Care and
arge might always be alike, and his Growth muft go as ic
Qc, promifcuoully, unlefs pack'd on purpofe fbx a better
irkct and Price than the comnaon, (u6lictent sc« mike

nds for the refufe Goods, which rouft hav^ \mp.i chrowa
the Dunghill in Governor Spot/wood's Schemty well in-
ded by that Gentle^an^ st Man of Senfey Honour and

erience, who was very zealous, adiivd and ufeful in pro-
otmg the common Good of the Colony j buc this Law was
BfloDgiafejjrcjB.- . ,., .

'"'"^ • 04 to

w 'i

i.?; k.:

402

^e Hiflory of Virginia.

Pirates
idngd.

1722.

In 1714 Governor Spot/wood trndc in Pcrfon a Difcove
of a Pallage over the great Mountain, which has been L
fore fpoken of; a Difcovery that deferves to be farther pri
fecuted at the publick Charge by knowing and adtive Pa
fons J for doubtlefi it would let he En^I^/j into the neiu
way to come at the Banks ot tin? Kiver MlJ/jJippi^ which I
behind that Mountain or Mol;.: inii. It ueing now a tin
of Peace, few Events happen'd in thia Province that we
tranfmitted to England to be communicated to the Public
theouickeft way I have had of collecting them.

About a Year before Mr. Spotjvuood's Removal. Capt. kA
Maftcr of a Ship belonging to this Province, difcover'd 1
him, that eight Pirates of Kalifax\ Crew had taken pj
(age in his Ship, concealing their late Crimes under Pretcn
of Trade or Employment, but that they were really
rates; upon which, being tried, thev were convidted
four of them executed and hanged in Chains. Capc'j^
delivered up feveral valuable Prefents the Pirates had giv
him for accommodating them with Paflage, and obliged
Men to do the like.

This Governor was in the Year 1722 on the Congn
at yllbany with the Indian Kings, himlelf, the Governors I
Neiv-York and Ptnfylvania^ which is related under the Hd
of Ntw-Tork ; and he continued in this Govantnent, nj
withftanding the dark and ungrateful Intrigues of fome
the Council againft him, till Major DryfdaU was appoini
Lieutenant-Governor. Col. Spot/wood remained in Amiri
CO his Death, which happened very lately, and at that Jurnftd
when there were great Expectations of his being very fervic]
ble in raifing, exercifing and embarking the Troops that w|
order'd to be levied in the Continent Colonies for the £xJ
dition againil the Spaniards. His Diligence and Succefsj
making thofe Levies, bis Military Skill, his Condud
Ijravery promifed ^ly for the beft Service that could be 1
formed by thofe Levies; but he unhappily died before
Embarkation.
HtighDryf- In thc Year 1723, Hugh DryfdaU^ Efq; arrived at]
^G^trulr^ ^/»i<i, and took upon him the Government under the
of Orkney^ and having thc following Lift of thc Officers]
Ftrginioy 1 give it Place here.

Gargt Earl of Orinty., Governor.

Hugh Dryfdaliy £fq; Lieutenant-Governor.

Members of the Council,

Edmund Jtnnings^ Efqj Frdident.

11:*

The Rev. Mr, Jamts Blair, Mann Page, Efqj

jltttrt Carter, Efq; Cole Diggs, Efq;

filliam Birdy Efq; Peter Beverley, Kfij;

fhilip Ludwell, Efq; John Robinfon^ Efqj

Jtim Lewis, Efq^ /. Carter^ Efqj
y<A« Harri/on, Efqj

/iA« Cflr//r, Efq; Secretary.

'«i« Clayton, Elq^ Attorney- General.

;iifl Graham, Em; Receiver-General.

thn Harrifon, E(qi Auditor. ,

Coll«^or of the Cuftoms, James Prict^ Efq;
Upper Diftridt, John BanntJIer, Efqj
Surveyor, Col. Francis Lightfoot.
Supplied by Col. William Randolph,
Collcaor of the Lower Diftri<a, Mr. Xbmat Mitshtl
Surveyor, Mr. Irwin.

CoUeftor at York River, Mr. John Jmbler.
Surveyor, Mr. William Robinjon.
Colledor at Rappahanock, Sir Thomas John/on'^
Supply'd by 'Mr. Richard Chiche/ier.
Surveyor, Mr. Chrijlopher Robinjon.
Surveyor at Cape Charles, Mr. Griffith Bowen.
Coliedor of the Accomack and Northampton Counties^
Mr. Henry Scarburgh.

To Hugh Dry/dale, Efq; fuccecded, as Governor of ^yvWj;VGwn«
Litf, Major Gouge-, in whofc Government, the Peace con-^***"""
fflouing, there is the fame Dearth of Matter for Hiftory, a«
(the time of his PredecelTor.

, ^'^'^

1--

»;

&•

C H A P. II.

IContalning a Geographical Defcription of yirgima%
of the Towns, Poits, Rivers, Forts, ^c.

TNthe former Chapter v^e have (hewn how feveral Pro^
* vinces, that at firft went all under the Name of Virginia,
jvere divided from it, by Patents granted to other Proprietors^
gfive them other Names, as New-England, New-Tork^
|%M. ficc. to the North, and Cartlina to the South 1

I :\h

404

' li-"'; ii

V^f^

!ru

"Stundt,

Cspe Henry
ttnd Capt
Charles.

Tihe Hijlory e?/ Virginia.

all which were a Part of the Country that was by Qye^
Elizabeth call'd Virginia.

In Procefs of time that Name was loft to all, except ih
Tra<a of Land lying along the Bay of Chefcapeak^ in whid
are included Virginia and Maryland^ and both, in commd
Difcourfe, "are ftili call'd Virginia j but the Province thai
properly fo caird, is bounded on the North by the gre
River Patowmack, which parts it from Maryland j and c
the South by Carolina-^ on the Eaft it has the Virginian Sea
and on the Weft and North- Weft, thofe WildernefTes tli
have fo often been in vain attempted to be difcover'd, an
are fuppofed to ftretch themfelves to the Califomian Sea.

The /American Coaft towards Virginia is greatly eftecml
by Navigators, becaufe as foon as they have Soundings, an
can ftrike Ground with Leads, which is comrnrnonly in i
or 90 Fathom Water, about 40 or 50 League from Shorl
it (hoots gradually, fo that an experienced Mafter can tell tli
Diftance by the Depth of the Water, the Land being fo by
that in 1 5 or 20 Fathom Water you can fcarce fee
from the Maft Head.

The Bounds of this Country are not well fettled, and il
the Year 1703, the Aflembly had it under Confideration
fix them; but by common Computation, *tis reckon'd
reach 200 Miles North from Point Comfort^ at the Mc
of Chefeapeak Bay, and 200 Miles South, including all tlj
Land, Weft and North Weft, from the Weftern oxVirgi
nian, to the Californian Sea, with the Iflands on both Sc
within 100 Miles of the Continent.

Both this Province and that of Maryland are fituate on tl|
great Bay of Chefeapeak, whofc Mouth is Cape Htnry on tli
South, and Cape Charles on the North. The Water
the Channel is for the moft Part nine Fathom deep} buti
fpme Places not above feven.

The Bay is eighteen Miles broad, and lies in 3/Degre
North Latitude. It runs about 100 Leagues up in theCouij
try, and is feven Milss over, fixty Leagues within Land
This is what our modern Sailors call the Capes of Virgima\

It receives into it abundance of navigable Rivers, whkf
like thpfe in the 'Hosx\ioi Englmd, flowing into the Huii
ber^ all lofe themfelves in this Bay ; fo big, that 'tis fail
all the Shipping in Europe can ride there. In it are fever
litde tiknas, fome of which are planted.

The two Capes Henry and Charles are 20 Miles diftant froij
each other. The beft Channel is near Cape /:fcnry,exa<^ly i
yi Degrees N. L. So that \i a Sailor can depend on hif Oli
^rvauonof the Latitude ac NooD) the Day he «xpe(2:9 to ma

»n, 'tis reckon'd

l^je Htjlory of Virginia. 405

Land, he may fafely venture in the Night-time, the Cape
flg a bold bluff Point, and by keeping the South-'^oxQ on
jd, he will come to a good Road, two Leagues within
Cape, a large Bay, call'd Lyn- Haven Bay, from the
lifti, where Shipping commonly went for Billets, and
itward bound Fleets rendezvous in time of War. C/^^^- chefoapsak
ztBay ftretches from this Bay 200 Miles in Length, and'^'^J'*
t from 10 to 15 Miles broad j but grows narrow towards
Bottom. It receives many large Rivers from the
\yn Shore, and a few fmaller Streams from a narrow
lip of Land, a Peninfula from the Wejixvard^ which di-
[iiies the Bay from the Ocean.

fxrima is divided into 25 Countries, in which are 49
tiilhes^ 34 with Incumbents on them, and 15 vacant.
le latter are diftinguiflied by the Letter V.
We ihall begin with thofe that lie on Jamei River, the
Southern in the Province : 'Twas, as has been faid,
'd Powhatan by the Indians. Here the EngUJh firft fet>-
I, and built two Forts for their Defence; Uit thefe are
e demoliih'd. It runs 140 Miles up in the Country,
is near a Mile broad as high as JamesXlny. It opens
fclf diredly JVe/i^ from Cape Henry j is navigable for
e Ships 100 Miles. The firft County on. the South tide
it is Norfolk County, which borders on Carolina,
Iij this Shire ftands the Pariih of Elizabeth ; it contains
I112019 AcreS) and is water'd by Elizabetht which rifes in
and runs into Jamti River, between Eaft-Bay and Weft^-
ly. The next is,
frincefs Ann County, on the Coaft, in which are 98305
icres of Land, and the Parifli of Lynhaven V, below Cape
[«ry. The next is,

Nanfetrmnd County, in which are 151 172 Acres of Land,
three ParifheLi, Upper Pari/h, Lower Parijh and Chuc-
iwif, all vacant. The River Nanfamond rifes in this
ire, and falls into Jam«s River, above Benmth Creek.
le next is,

Iftof Wight County; in which are 14279(1 Acres of
iind, and two Pariilies, Warwick- Squeek and Newport.
lere's alio a Spring that vent$ aimoft as great a Source of
ater as Holy-Well in Wales, The next is,
Surry County; in which are 11 1050 Acres of Land,
id two Parifhes, Smthuiark V, snd Lyms Creek. The
i\ is,

Hmrico County, the uppermoft on the South- fide of
Wj River j it contains 148787 Acres of Land, and two

D d 3 Pariihes,

;;^-;

I h

. * ''

4®$ The Hiflory of Virginia.

Pariflies, Henrico and Brijiol The next, over-againft \
on the North-fide of the River, are, r

Prince George and Charles City Counties j in which aj
161239 Acres of Land, and three Pariflies, Martin-Brana,,
Wyanoke^ Wejiowr. The Pariflies in the three laft Countii
are all fupply'd with Miniftcrs. In the County of Hm\
there was a Town call'd Henricopolisy which is fallen t
Decay, Twenty Miles above the Falls is the Momca
Town, where the French Refugee'; havc fettled. And ne
below Charles County, on the North-fide of the River, is]

James County ; in which are 108362 Acres of Land, an
five Pariflies, of which one lies on the other Side of iji
River, as does part of the County. The Pariflies are /tJ
lini/ord and Wilmington^ James City, Merchants Hundrtd\
on the South-fide of the River, and Bruton, This is rej
koned the chief County, becaufc

James City ftands in it, in a Peninfula on the Nortlj
fide of James River, about 40 Miles from the Mouth of
There are feveral Brick Houfes in it, and Taverns
Eating-houfes, for the Convenience of Voyagers and Trij
vellers; but th? Buildings arc not many nor contiguou
not above 60 or 70 Houfes in all. In this Town theil
"wer« formerly two or three Forts, and many fair Strectj
but they have been ruined by Fire and Revolutions in th
Government, or rather in the Difpofitipn of the Goyei
nors. The Removal of the Courts of Juftice to wi
liamjfadty by Col. Nicholfon-^ his refiding and holding
Seflions of Aflembly and General Court there, and th
building the College there, help'd to keep Jatnes Town i|
the mean Condition he found it j and the Humour of th
Virginians to live upon Plantations, feem'd to forbid tb^
City to hope for an Inaeafe of Houfes and Inhabitants.

Ic was long fince obferved, that this Town, or rathd
this intended Town, and every other Settlement on a River]
Side, where the Water was brackifli, produced flow inteif
iriitting Fevers and Agues, which was a very good Re
fon, had there been no other, for removing the capiti
Seat to Williamsburghy a dry and healthy Situation.

Not far from James City Sir William Berkky built
handfom Houfe for his Refidence, call'd Greenfpring^ wherl
• is a Spring fo ccld, that 'tis dangerous to drink of it in
Summer-time. In the (ame County (lands

Williamsburg^ which, before the late Governor remove
thither, was called Middle Plantation^ is about feven Mile
firom James City within Land. In this Towp are 20 oj

h y-

ne Hijiory o/* Virginia.'

Houfes, and the Publick Aflembly and Courts are held
ej yet neither thefe Advantages, nor that of the College
Academy founded there, could procure it a better Fi-
'gthan that of a Country Village. Here is a fcnall Fort,
rather Battery, mounted with lo or it Guns, which
;e brought thither from James City, by Order of Coh
Ithlfon^ who caufe-l a State-houfe or Capital to be erefted,
feveral Streets to be laid out in the Form of a Tf^i but
do not find that a Vy or one Angle of it is yet finifli'd, or
-er likely to be fo.

liVhat follows is taken from the Accounts written by R. Bi
J. and Hugh Jones^ A. M. Fellow of the College here.
lere are three publick Buildings here, which are faid to be
moft magnificent of any in America, the College, the
ipitol, and State-houfe, as it was formerly call'd. Not far
jm this is alfo built the publick Prifon of the Country for
;riininals, which is a large and convenient Strudure, with
itrtitions for the different Sexes, and diflind Rooms for
ty Offenders j at the End of that, another Prifon for
ibtors. The Governor's Houfe, not the largeft, but by
the moft beautiful of the other. It was granted by
Aflembly in Governor Notte's time, begun in Prefident
hnningi's timcj but received its Beauty and Conveniency,
r the many Alterations and Decorations, of Governor Spotf-
nd. In his time was alfo built a new Brick Church and
Irick Magazine for Arms and Ammunition, and the Streets
the Town alter'd from the fanciful Form of W's and
I's to much more Conveniencies. Thefe are all ercdied
Middle Plantation, now named Williamsburgh ; they are
111 built of Brick and covered with Shingle, except the
Debtors Prifon, which is flat-roof 'd, a new and very ufeful
lovention of Governor Spot/wood : but Mi. R.B. was vci-y
Uorant, if he thought flat Roofs jp, new fr vention. Mr.
\^uih Jones, A. M. writes, the Front of th« College, which
looks due Eaft, is double, and 136 Foot long, a lofty Pile
iivanced with a Cupola. At the North-end runs back a
Wing, which is a handfom Hal:. There is a fpacious
hiu on the Weft-fidc, from one Wing to the other. It
iapproach'd by a good Walk, and grand Entrance by
Steps, with good Courts and Gardens about it, with a good
Houlie and Apartments for the Indian Mafter and his Scho-
krS) Outhoufes and a large Paflure inclofed like a Park,
with about 150 Acres of Land. The Building was model'd
by Sir Chrijiopher Wren, and fince it was burnt, has been
Kbuilt, nicely contrived, alter'd and adorned by the Direc-
tion of Governor Spot/wood^ and is not altogether unlike

Dd 4 Chelfea

407

'S'%

% I-

i;*i.

ilitf

.Hi

408 ^l^e Hiftory of Virginia,

Chtlfta Hofpical. Mr. Jones {vj% he haJ been Fellow of th
College feveral Years ; his Salary 80/. a Year, and 20 s. \\
pillage, when Pupils whereto be had. TheFijUors appoid
a Hoaie-keeper, Mrs, Margaret Stithy who boarcjs the m
Iter and Childiera at a very cheap rar ;.

Fronting the College, near its who' Breadtli, is extended '
noble Street, the learned Author does not Jay of how man
Houfes^ mathematically right, for the firtt Defign of tli
Town's Form is changed to a much better, juft three quarte)
of a ^^ile in Lei^gth; at the other End of which ftands til
Capitol y as noble, beautiful and commodious a Pile as any of ij
kind In this is the Secretary's Office, with all the Courl
of Juftice and Law, as in England^ except the Ecchfiajrul
Courts^ the Want of which, however, the reverend Au:ha
' does not openly complain of. Here the Governor
twelve Counlellors fit as Judges at the General Couru il
April or Osiober^ &c. The Building is in the Form of al
H i the Secrdar/& Office and the General Courts taking J
one Side below Stairs ^ che Middle being a handfom Poi tic(i
leaning to the Clerk of the AJfemWs Office and th
Houfe of Burgeftes on the other Side, which laft is not un
like the Houje of Csnmons.

In each Wing is a good Stair- Cafe, one leading to thj
Council Chamber. Over the Portico is a large Room fcf
Conferences, where Prayers are read to the Aflcnibly bj
the Chaplain my Author, Hugh Jones^ A. M. At one Fnl
of this is a Lobby, and near it tne Council's Office j at ihj
i other End are Rooms for the Committee of Claims, Pr\

viltjes and EleSlions^ and over all thefe are Offices for tli(
Receiver General^ Auditor^ "Treafurery &C.

Parallel to the main Street mentioned, is a Street on nz\
Side ; but neither quite fo long nor broad ; and at propc
Diftaiices are fmali crofs Streets, for the Convenience 01
Communication. I am at a very great Lofs how to acj
commodate thefe Streets with Houfes ; for there may bj
twice as many as when I firft wrote of Virginia^ and
yet not above fourfcorc Houfes in the whole City.

Near the Miiddle ftands the Church, which is a la
ftrong Piece of Bruk^work, built in the Form of a Croji\
adorned and convenient as the beft Churches in London.

Near this is a large o&agon I'owerj a Magazine tor Art
and Ammupition.

Not far from hence is a large Area ^ot a Market-^lace \
whether theie u a Market or no',, Mr. Jones does not teU
IIS; but near it is a good Bowluig-Green and a Play houfe]
\ %m very doubcful of the Excellenqe of the Pcrfoniiance on

"1 thffi

The Uiftory <>/ Virginia. , 4ogt

firginian Stage, notwithftsnding the Genius for Poetry,
ich Mr. Jen£s has given us a Spe(;imen of in his own Hi-

f j^ Ifk/s the Church, and George its Defender ;
(.V/z/^r/ <A^ F^n^tici^s and B A V L K /^^ Pretender.

jn another Place that reverend Divine laments the jefjtim

Plots of the Presbyterians in Maryland, to pull down the

Jhurch oOirginioy that is, En^JandjUs by Law cftablifli'd j as

cannot think there are certaiisly any fuch Plots, I hope the

vernment of tl-vij Colony will have, in the iuft Place,

due Regard to the Morals and Abilities of the Ciergy, and

reward, as they deferve, the orthodox and antimo-

irchical Principles, which the learned and rcvercjad Author

ices among the fined Growths of Hrginia,

The private Buildings were alfo at this time very much

tjiprovedj feveralGentlemen there having built themfelves large

JrickHoufes^ of many Roomi on a Floor; but they don't

Let to make them lofty, having Extent enough of Ground

Ito build upon, and now and then they are vilital by high

Winds. They love :o have large Rooms, that they may be

Ll in Summer. Of late they have made their Stories much

ligher than formerly, and their Windows- larger, and falli'd

Lh Cryftal Glals. I'heir Offices are Outhoufes, and their

[Tobacco- houfes built of Wood, as open and airy, as con-

ent with keeping out [he Rain. Next to J^wt; County is

M County: It lies between the two Riverj;, Janus i

River and York River, and contains 6oy6y Acres of Land,

and three Pariflies, Hampton, V, Terh and New-Pokofon ; the

ktter ftands at the Mouth of York River. The next Coun-

h to it is

I Warwick County: In which are 3844.4. Acres of Land,
Ijnd two Pirirties, Denby^ V, and Mulberry Illand, V. The
[River Pohfon rifes in it, and runs into the Bay of Chefeapsak^
loear the Mouth of York River. The next to [his is

Elizabeth City and County, the leaft in yirginia^ con tain-
ling but 29000 Acres of Land, and one Parilli. Ellzabeih
ICity, which, tho' never very great, is lefs than when 'twas
(firft built : It had then feveral good Houfes of Brick and
kone, and a Fort was raiftd there in the Dutch War j all
which are Ruins already, there being a Sort of Fatality
which attends the Towns in yirginia^ fo that they are like
sever ro come to any thing, unlefs the very .Nature of the
|lnhibif.ants is quite alter'dj for they have now nothing, fo
:le in thgiir Thoughts, as the building of Towns. Th^

Parifli-

■.'t

':M

■r. {

4IO

Jhe Hiftory of Virginia.

^•N

/ . ••

' i'

\ ^ . '

■ ^^^ P^ \.

Parifh-Church of Elizabeth City is fupplied with a MiJ
ftcr. Croffing the Neck of Land to Pohfony wc come \k
the Mouth of Tork River, which the Indians ctll*d Pamuni
a Name the upper Branch of this River in King IP'illiat^
County Aill retains.

This River is navigable 60 Miles with great Ships, anj
with Ketches and Sloops 30 more. It runs the fame Courii
with James River for 1 00 Miles, and (b near it, that
fome Places 'tis not above 5 Miles over Land from one tl
the other ; which Land between them being fo well accon
modated for Navigation, and Co near two fuch great Rivea
is beft inhabited, and here the richeft Planters are feated
Forty Miles up this River it divides itfelf into two Branchc
navigable a conliderable way for Sloops and Barges. ThI
fmall Slip of Land which divides Terk River from Jand
River, is efteemed to be a very rich Soil, producing, at thil
time, the beft Tobacco in the Country^ known by thi
twtet fcent- Namc of fweet-fcented^ which is ftript from the Stalk bj
$dT»iauo. ^^^ >^^^ pack'd in the Hoglhead, and then fo prefs'd,
Hogfhead will fometimes weigh 14 or 1 500 /. Weight, antj
ibme particular Crops of the moft careful planting of thij
Commodity hare frequently been fold at the Key for 12 (3
a Pound. This Spot of Ground, fo happily fituated, has alfq
Convenience of two Inlets, navigable by fiat-bottom'd Bcatsi
the one runs from Jamfs River, and ftretches North a-croiS
the Land about r Miles, t'-- a fafe Landing-place. Theo^
ther runs South from Tor): Kivcr up into the Land ; fo thai
there is a Space only of one Mile between the landing ol
thefe two Inlets, and that Mile a gravelly wholefom
where ftarids the Capital JViUiamiburgh^ which, by means oi
thefe two Inlets or Creeks, commands the Navigation o|
James River and Tork River. The College here is, by thii
time, I fuppofc, in worfe Condition thin when I firft men{
•/jimeswtioned ir, and ^\x IViUiam Keith's writing of it is worth reJ
York Rivtr. pcatiiig : " As to the College creded in Virginia^ and othen
** Defigns c»f the like Nature, which have been propofed m
" the Encouragement of Learning, ic is only to be obferved
in general, that tho' great Advantages may accrue to
M^^ther State, both from the Labour and Luxury ot wi
Plantations j yet they will probably b^e miftakcn who inia-|
gine that the Advancement of Literature and the Ir
provement of the Arts and Scien*' 1 in our Br'ttijb Cokwic
will be of any Service to rhe Brttijb%xsxt,
After the Indian Maffacre, 'twas propofed todrawaPaic]
fh>m one River to the other, and wholly clearing the Coun-
try of Savages, to live fecure between the two River$, where!

theyr

Willlamf-
burgh Mm-
7H4tndi the

i.1

«4

He Hiftory of Virginia.

had the Convcniency of Ships coming within a few
iiles of every Houfe ; we xnuft go up higher into the
hiintry, and following the Courfe of the River through
Ikabethy Warwick and Tork Counties, before-mentioned,
ecome to

Jjnv-Kent^ containing 1 713 14 Acres of Land. This is
jge of the largeft and moft populous Counties in Virginia,
m watcr'd by the Southern Branch of the River York^ and
L two Pariines in it, Blifsland and Sc. Peur's, The
hdlttxn Bounds of this County and the next are certain
IHills, out of which iifue forth a glittering Sand, like the
kjlingsof Braf9, which Sand was, as is ihewn in the Hiftory,
iBSaken for Gold by the firft Planters. The next County
liothis, nearer the Falls, is

I King William County; in which are 84324. Acres, and
jaie Parifli, St. John's: Pamunky runs through it; 'tis the
Isouthern Branch of Turk River. On the South of this lies

i:/»^ and .^«^/«*s County ; containing 13 1715 Acres of
lUnd, and two Parifhes, Straton-Major and St. Stephens,
m'mhomony River rifes in it, and falls into James River,
lottr Bromjield's Plantation. From this County, returning
lihrough Kin^ William County, and New-Kent, down the
iKorth fliore of T§rk River, we conic to

Gbuetjitr County ; the beft peopled of any in the Coun-
|lfy. It has 142450 Acres of Land in it, and 4 Pari<K
Ichurches, Perjo, Abingtm^ Ware and King/ion. 'Tis part-
Id from

M'idllefex County, by the River Prankitanky which fa
Uvigabie twenty or thirty Miles up, containing 49500
Acres, and one Parifli, Cbri/i-churcb. The County of
miidltfex lies on the South-fhore of Rappahanock River,
which is very b*"oad, deep and navigable 40 Miles within
[Land, where ti remarkable the Heads of Tork River and
\hanock River ifl'ue ou^ cf low marfliy Ground, and
I not of Hills and Mountains, as other Rivers do. Above
\Uldihyx^ towards the Falls, is Rappahanocky or
EJfex County; cootaini:jg 140920 Acres of Land. In
this County and Middle f ex liw's.th'? great Sw^mp, or Bog,
eali'd the Dragcn-Swamp % *tis near do Miles long, and is
over-run with Briars, Thorns and wiid Bealis, which herd
toe, becaufe the Place being almoft inacceflible, the In-
habitants can't cwfie at them, at kaft not fo eaiily as in the
Woods and Savana's. In this Counry ftanu.^ three Pariilies,
hmih Farnhawy Sitiinhurn, V, St. Marfs. The South-fide
of it is water'd by Mattapony, the Weftern Branch of Tork
iRivcf, which is navigable, Above it arc the Counties of

411

*. '

¥l'^'ii

.* ■.'•'■

^12 the Hi/lory of V'ugmia:

Richmond and Stafford-^ a Survey of which I have n
feen ; they are new Counties, and arc not in the old Sui
veys, going all by the Name of Rappahanock. In thcfe a
three Parimcs, North-Farnham^ in Richmond^ and St. Pau,
V, and Overworton in Stafford County. The next belo*
k, becween Rappahanock and Patowmack^ is

Wejlmoreland County, which i% very large ; but our A.
thor has not communicated the Number of Acres. It hi
two Parifhes in it, Copely and IVaJhington, Below it lies tl
County of

Lancajier^ ©n the North- fliore of Rappahanock RivcJ
'tis watered by the River Cartomain, or Corotemon^ whicl
juns into R^ppaha>wck River, about three Leagues from tli
Mouth of it. There are two Parinics in this CountJ
Chriji-church and St. Maryh WhtUchappeK The next
. this, and the laft in the Province, on the South-lhore
Patowmack^ is

l^orthumberland County j in which are two Parifh Churche.
Fairfield and Bowtracy V, and IViccemoco. There is a Rive
of the fame Name WUcomocoy which rifes in this Counjy
and rims into the Bay ac the Mouth of Patowmack RivJ
which is the Northern Bounds of rirginiat and divides
from Maryland.

The River Patowmack, where it falls into the Bay ol
Chefeapcaky is 7 Miles broad, and from its Mouth to thj
Falls 140 Miles. There are Catarads in it 40, 50 and ^
Miles from its Source at the Foot of the Mountain
At the Falls this River is divided into feveral Branches, on)
of which extends North-Well a great way j another iiretche
Sou^h-Weft, and comes out from behind the Apalai\m\
Mountains, which divide the Waters that run Eaftward intd
the Sea, from thofe that flow Weftward and fall into thd
Mifftjjippi. Thus it appears, that by means of thefe WaJ
ters that vaft River m«y be approach'd by the Englijl 8
The MifTif- 9*30 Miles from the Mouth of it j and that the French havJ
f;rpi R-vtr no morc Power than Right to ulurp and engrofs the Navi]
,«Y««''^En/;-gationof it, whenever the Bnglijh (haU have the fame De]
i^'ierVh. ^ii^e to it as They have. Col. Spot/wood^ a wife enterprizini
Governor, traverfed the great Mountains, and had probal
.bly extended his Difcoverics as far beyond it as that RiverJ
i^ he had been duly encouraged. Sir fVilliam Keith writes?
If the Engli/}}^ as one time or other they probably mayJ
extend their Settlements in (Virginia beyond the grcad
Mountains, and come to poffefs on the Lake Evk, and!
fo far back as the Branches of the River M/Jjijjipply the!
Indian Trade would be ver^ coniider&ble, and cauie luchl

c<
«

The Hijlory o/" Virginia*

I Vent for coarfc Woollen and other Manufadures, as
will juftly merit the Care and Encouragement of the Stare.
If the French have fettled themfelvcs any -.vhere at or near
Mouth of that River, or indeed loo L?agues up the
ci, the Country planted and fettled by them, is certainly
r propriety, of the IndianSy whom they difpoifelii'd of
and I do no where find that the French have made more
fcience than the Spaniards^ of poflefiing themfelves of
Lands of the Indians without Purchafe. To pretend the
(nch are Proprietors of the Countries al! along the Mif-
&/;', 1900 or 2000 Miles from its Mouth to Canada,
,)icn about looo Miles of Englijh Settlements lie between
im, the MiJJiffippi running on the Back of Georgia^ Ca-
t'fW, Virginia y Maryland ^ Penfylvania^ New-Tar k^ is as
^eir a Jcft as it would be for the Dutch to claim the Pro-
(tyof Terra Auf^rnlii^ or half of the American World
Iffundifcovered, becaufc a D«/f ^ot<7« touch'd on that Coaft
«, and call'd it Orange, or Najfau, in Honour of their
udtholder, our late King fViUiam. There are j 00000
^rt/;^ Souls, Capt. /-r/w^ fays 150000; but his Computa-
1$ too large, in the Provinces juft mentioned. There
■ miny Rivulets that conomunicate with the St^, which
jjve their Rife in the great Mountains, which Rife is not
from that Lake that communicates with the Branches of
iijjijfippiy all which promifes fair for Trade and Naviga-
|bB, a more extenfive Trade, and a quicker Navigation than
French have by the Bny of Mexico', befides the Advan-
ce of fo many Planters ready fettled to carry it on, which
\French could not hope to have in Hundreds of Years,
|fever. The Englijh increafing now in much greater Pro-
irtion than the French could do, tho' they fent itn times
t Numbers to the MiJJijfippi which they can maintain there.
The Neck of Land from ff'^iccomoco to the Bay is what goes
the Name of the Northern Neck, which we often men-
bncd in the firft Chapter. We muft now crofs over the
% and all along the Shore from Cape Charles^ at the
ifouth of the Bay, to the River Pocemokcy which divide?
ihm Maryland on the Eaftern Bounds, the Province of
fir^inia ftill continues, and there are two Counties in it :
hmack, which retains its Indian Name. This is the
irgeft County in Virginia ^ and contains 200923 Acres" of
nd. 'Tts nor fo populous as thofe on the other Side of
te Bay, and has but one Parifli in it, that of Accomucky
hich is without a Minifler. The River Chiffoneffex rifes in
County, as do fcvcral others of Icis Note. The other
ounty is

Northampton :

'.t-

^%''^-

^ J /^ The Hifiory of Virginia.

Northampton i a narrow County, that runs along in
Neciv between the f^irginian Sea and the Bay of Chid
peak. Cape Charlesy in the mod Southerly Vtxt of it, jj q]
polite to Cape Henry ^ f'tio (hofc two Poin'.s of Land ai
what is commonly call'd tht Capts of f^irginiii. This Counl
contains 99384 Acres of Land, and one Pr.rilh ChurcJ
that of Hungers t which is alio without a r^inifter.

The Hiftory of Ftrgtnia by R, B. ado four Countii
more, which ar« however included \r the above. K
George County, between Rayahannock and Pateukntck
vers, in which is one PariO ., call'd Hanover.

Spotfthania County in ihc Neck between Rappahanoc-
York Rivers, call'd St. George.

Hanover County, in the Neck between Tork River 1
James River; the Pariih St. PauVs.

Brunjwick County lies towar' the Southern Paft of td
Mountains ; the Parifh St. Jndr, ,

Thus wc have vifited the whcie Province, and have
ken notice of the moil remarkable things i but as the]
are no Towns nor Mines, nor other Places worthy th
Reader's Curiofity ; (o our Relation wants that Varic[y I
Objedls which renders fuch Defcriptions delightful. TH
Jpelchean Mountains are in the Wellctn Bounds oU^irglmi
and are ilored with Minerals, if we may believe fome TrJ
vcllers who have fpoken of them ; but we don't find that ihj
have been of any other Advantage to tl*c Vlrgimam^ than 1
furnifti them with Earth, for the Exf eriments of their Vil
tuofo's at the Coll<^c. The whole Country is water'd wij
Rivers, the moft noted of which wc have treated of; m
Falls ef each of ihofe Rivers are but 1 5 or 20 Miles dl
tant from one another j and 'befides them, there are JVar/j
River, Hajlermiji River, Pungotegue, Jpumatuc, Poyankl
tank, and others, that arc navigable many Miles, and wd
ftored with Fiflb. The Tides are fcarce difcernable when t!|
Winds hold at N. W. but at other times they How as the
do in England, only they feem not fo large, which
thought to be occafioned by the Tide diffufing itfclf inq
fo many Rivers. The original Springs that make ail the
Lowch. Rivers rife at the Foot of the Jppallean or Jpclchaan Mou
fhiL Tranf. jjins ; Dut thc Catarads or Falls are do or 70 Miles difta
?. 56715^8- £j^Qj^ ^YiQ(,^ Hills. Having never met with «ny AccoudK
Hills in Virginia fo large as that in R. B, I fliall copy
in this Article.

*' Some People that have been in that Country, witli
*' knowing any thing of it, have affirm'd that it is all j
^ Flat, without any Mixture gf Hills, becaufe they fee th

!'Coa

vccn Tori River
iouthern Pafs of

OUU

re full of great Veins
' .^ lands, under the
Charge of raifing
in Virginia dares

,^ ^e Hi/lory of yirginh,

iCr)a(l to the Seaward perfectly level j or clfe they
i|jjvc made their Judgment of the whole Country
by the Lands lying on the lower Parts of the Rivers,
i^hen, in truth, upon the Heads of the great Rivers there
i are vaft high Hills, and even among the Settlements, there
iji? fome lo topping, that I have ftood upon thct/i and
I viewed the Country all around over ^he Tops of the high-
eft Trees,' for many Leagues together j particularly there
iirc M(iu^^orn'Hi\\sy in the Freflies of James River, a
Ridge of Hills about 14 or 15 Milf:s up Mattapony Ki-
ver, Talivtr*s Mount, upon Rappahanock River, and the
' Ridge of Hills in Stafford County, in the Freflies of Pa^
^tcwmeck River, all which are within the Bounds of the
I £»|/r/^ Inhabitants.

There Shores are for the moft Part fandy. What Stones

[there, are almoft all of them hard and tranfparent. Some

cut Gla(s like Diamonds, an re equal to them ia

bllrc. The Cliffi of thefe P '

flron Mine, and generally Ai

dould are a mejc Rock of Ire

Iron-work is fo great, that 1

Uenture on the Expence ; or the Planters are fo intent on

[iting Tobacco, that they neglect all other Improvements.

There was another Town built in James County, call'd

[Jjau's Gift , but 'twas ruined by the Incnrfions of the /«-

pnsj FirCj and other Accidents. The Country lying be-

ffecn Torjt River an ' James River, is the bcft inhabited.

he Banks of the former are full of Plantations- an i the

(!l Tobacco growing there, the Trade of the Colony tends

oft that way. We have elfewhcre oblerved in what Coun-

the Indian Nation ftill remain. Their Towns are very

ill, ano their Houfes or Huts fuch mean Dwellings, that

ky are 'ather like the Cabins of the Slaves in the Sugar-

llHsnds, ihapi the Habitations of free People. The Abun-

ceof Rivers occafion Abundance of Mills in this Ccun-

fome of their Springs fend forth fuch a Glut of Water,

jiatin lefs than half a Mile below the Fountain-head, they

ord a Stream fufficicnt to (ijpply a Griil-mill. All thefe

[Rivers are full of Creeks, in which the Planters employ an

linfinite Numl>er of Sloops and fmall Boats, to convey their

iTobacco and Merchandize from and to the Ships that lie in

m greater Rivers, or in the lefs. We have faid little of

pgreateft River of them all, Patowmeck^ becaufe 'tvvill as

Ijsioperly come under the Article of Maryland^ being the

[Boundary of that Province on the Weftem-iide of Virginia,

[it ca&Qoc be expected;, that in fo liitle a Map as tnat is

wbich

4'5

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Sciences
Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. UStO

(716) 872-4S03

■^■^"

^t6 ^^ Bi/fory fl/'Vifgmk.

which is annex'd to this Hiftdiy, ft) full a JDefcrlpiion
be tfiadfi of yir^inia^is frt thfc large oAe; but thte is the iwv,,
Survey; attd the Country is divided into the Counties that i,
the prcfent Divifions of it, there being at this time fix J
ones> PriflCe George, Princefs Ame^ King IVtlllam^ n
and ^eett, Richmond attd Steward. In the former SurvJ
there were but 19 Counties; in this all of them areinclJ
ed) together with as taany Plantations is Would Hand in]
inud^ Room ; aiid the fame Care has been taicen in
Maps of the other Countries. ■ ^

: ' C Ft A P IIL

Of the Inhabitants, and flrft of the Indians ; thi
Government, Religion, Manners and Cuftomi
of the Englift), Mailers,' Servants and Slave
their Numbers, Strength and Way of Living]

•flTHEN the Efigli^ firft difcovcr'd Virginia, the
^^ dians were divided into feveral Nations, as thcKmrl
ibansj the fVeanocks^ the Arrahattocksy the Appemetocks^ tl
Nanfemunds^ the Chefeapeaksy the Pajpahogesy who poflcfJ
the Ground where James City now ^ands. Thefe TriB
or Divifions inhabited the Country lying on the River ?;
batan^^ or Jamts River. On the River Pdmunke there dwj
the Nations of the Toungtanundi and the Mattapaments.
Rappahanock, or Toppahanock River, thd Manahoaa^ t|
Moraughtacundsy and the Cuttatdtvomtns. Tht Country <
which the Englijh landed, when Capt. Barlow and 6^
Amidas difcovered it, was called IVingandacooy and the Kii
of it fyingina. It lies Southward of the Bay of Chifnapel
iicsa the Frontiers of Florida. Sometitnes tiie King of oj
of thefe Nations made War on the reft, and conquej
three or four of them ; the Donninion of Whit:h gene
after his Death, fell ti^ck to the natural Princes ofthd
Ciountpies. All thefe Nations are now entirely ruined,
cafione^ partly by their Feuds^ atnong themfelves, and
by their Wars with the Englijh, who are Matters of all
Countries which they fornierly poflefs'^d : The Englijh^
their Convenience, 01' but of Humanity, fuiSer'd them
enjoy their l«ifvei snd Ltbercies, and frequently ^nter'd ini
L..L.: ' Leagul

ity, fuiSer'd them

^be Hijiory of Virginia.

es with them, which the faithlefs Savages kept no
r than they were forced to it. Thofe who dwell upon
Borders of the Province, which only retains the Name
Virginia at this^ Day, were the moft treacherous and
to the Englijb of all the Indian Nations. The People
Wingandacoa were affable and courteous to the firft Ad-
iiurcrSjWhile Grangammeoy Winginc^s elder Brother, reign'd.
Wife alio did many good Offices to the Engiijhy who af-
ards attempted to fettle on the Ifland oiRoenoke-^ but at-
Grangammeo's Death, tVinginOy who perhaps liked them
ter for Dealers than for Neighbours, behaved himfelf
treacheroufly towards themj and when a Party of them
going towards the Kingdom of the Mangoacs, in queft
Copper-Mines, he ftirred up feveral Tribes againft them,
particularly Temoatan^ Prince of the Moratoesy whofe
ither Enfenore prevented his falling upon them ; and Me-
my King of one of thofe Tribes, courted their Friend-
by Prefents of Pearl, as did Oki/co King of the IVeopome-
, who fubmitted to become tributary to the Queen of
jand. IVingina finding all his Contrivances to deflroy
m were difappointed, thought it his Intereft to afFed: a
Inendlhip for them, as the other Kings did; but this
iendlhip lafled no longer than till he had an Opportunity
(hew his Treachery, and when he thought he had them
an Advantage, he fell upon them, who putting his wild
y to flight, took him Prifoner, and cut o£F his Head.
EngUfti being forced to abandon thofe Setdements,
t. Smith founded the prefent one, as we have elfewhere
led, in the Dominions of Powhatan King of Wicomoco^
warr'd with the Englijh all his Life- time, except a few
[ervais of Peace, and the fame did his SuccefTor Oppe-
moughy the laft Prince of any Fame of the Savages,
lyfell to decay after his Death, and tho*they committed
eral Murders on the Borders, 'twas rather like the Sallies
Robbers from their lurking Holes, than the IncurOons of
war-like Nation. They are now brought fo lew, that
Englj/h are not in the leaft fear of them^ having it in
Power to extirpate them whenever they pleafe ; but
ferve them in Hunting and Fowling, and other Services;
diis the chiefefl, if not the only Caufe of their Prefer-
on. One may judge, by Oppecancanough's Greatnefs^
we are told could bring 20000 Men into the Field,
had $1\ the Indian Tribes been united, it would have
impoffible to have made a Settlement with fucb fmall
iiUBbets as the Englijh brought over, or from time to
"^ felt to Virginia, Of all the Nations that were then

£e in

417

(■■ "!

. i

*.'

4i8 ^e Hi/iory of Virpnh:

in being, at which time two or three thousand Bow-tne
lived in a Town together, the few that remain are fcatter
up and down on the Frontiers of the Engl{/h Plantatior
and tho* they live in Towns, or what fome call Cities, \.
may perceive, hy the following Account of them, they ai
reduced fo low, that the Hand of Providence appears vifibll
in their Deftrudion.

They are much more afraid of the Indians who inhat
higher up in the Country, than of the Englljh, to whoJ
they pay Tribute of three Indian Arrows and 20 Beaver-skid
each Town, for Protisdion.

On the North-fide of the Bay,

In Accomac are 8 Towns, vt%»

MaUmkin^
GiugoUque^

Kiqmtan^

Matchepungo^

Occabanocky

Pungotequi,

Oanancocky

ChiconeJfeXy

Nanduyey

Gangafcoiy

JVyanokij

jfypamatioxy

Nottawayss^

Mtnheringy
Nan/amundy
Pamuttkyt,

Lately almoft depopulated by the Small-Pox. |
Whit is left of this Place is now Part of th

Kingdom of a Prince, who reigns over

Nation of Maryland Indians.
Almoft ruin'd.

Some few Families remain there.
There a few Families are alfo yet in being.
Governed by a Queen ; a fmall Nation.
Has but 4 or 5 Families.
Not any more.
Governed by an Emprefs, to whom all die Nj

tions on the Coafts are tributary.
In the County of Northamptony bordering

Accomac^ as numerous as all the other Nl

tions put together.

On the South- of the Bay are,

In Prince George Coun^, almoft come to nj

thirg. The Remains of this Tribe are go

to Xist. with other Indians.
In Charles City. Thefe live on Col. Bf\

Lands ^ about 7 Families; they were fa

merly a great Nation.
In Surrey. This King can raife 100 Bow-me

the iDoft thriving People of all the Vir^

nian Indians.
By Nanfamund: Has about 30 Bow-men.
About 30 Bow-men, and increafeof late.
in King H^tUiam County, has 40 Bow-(

they decreafe. Chick\

Tie Hifiory ^Virginia.

mikahfitfienyflaa 16 Bowmen ; they increare, "and were a

' powerful People when the Engitjfh firft landed

here.

Ij^i&tfif0ri, In EJix-y has but a few Families, and they live

I fcatter*d on the Englijh Seats.

Ifirt-Tobagfff In Richmond, 5 Bow-men.

\ftccom. Of which Nation there are now but three
Men living, who retain the Name of their
Kingdom, and the particular Cuftoms of
their Anceftors. Of this People Powhatan
was at firft King, and conquerM feveral
others after them. If thefe three Men
have a King, he muft be of the ^me Rank
with Trincolo in the Tempeft, the Nation
being much of the fame Size. Thefe Men
are very proud of their Original, and live by
themfelves, feparaie from either the other
Indians, or the Englijh,

Were all thefe Nations or Tribes united, they could not

500 fighting Men; a poor Army, compared to th6

fviinian Militia, which, as we fhall make appear in this

pter, conHftsofnear 16000 Men.

Thofe miferable Wretches ftill follow the Religion and

Cuftoms of their Anceftors ; and are not become either

DOre pious or more polite by the Company of the Englijh.

Kotion of God j and fome of them brighter ones, if my

lothor may be believec*, who had this Confeffion from the

outh of an Indian, Ihat they believed God was univerfalfy

MJicent: That his Dwelling was in Heaven above, and the

}^jkences of his Goodnefs reached to the Earth beneath : That

\vnas incomprehenjible in his Excellence, and enjoy* d all pcf"

|i/< Felicity : Thai his Duration was eternal, his Perfe^idfi

tndltfs J and that he pofjejfes everlajling Indolence and Eaje.

I far the Savage talked as rationally of the Being of i

d, as a Chriftian Divine or Philofopher could liavedond t

twhen he came to juftify their worlhipping of the Devil,

om they call Okee^ his Notions Were very heterodoi. He

lid, Tis true God is the Giver of all good Things ; but they

fD naturally and fromifcuoujlyjroni him : That they art

Uitr'd down upon all Meti indifferently, without DiJlinSfion:

\t God does not trouble bimfetf with the irnpertitiem Affoitt

^Men, nor is concerned at what they do j but leavis them i6

ii the mo/i 0/ their free WtlU and io Jecure as fnariy di

^ can of tht good things that flow from him'^ that tbvrefori

£ e 2 - f"*

419

■■^' 1.

■ ,v i

i km

mft

420 Tie Htfiory «/ Virginia.

it was to no purpo/e either to fear or worjhiphim: But ontl
contrary t if they did not pacify the evil Spirit^ he would rui
their Health, Peace and Plenty, he being always vifttin? thi
in the /fir, T^mder, Storms, &c.

As to the iJol which they all worfliip, and is kept inl
Temple, caU'd ^diocu/an, he feemM to have a very j]
diflferent Opinion of its D'mmvf, and cried out upon «
Juggling of the Priefts--- This Man does not talk like a coij
mon Savage, and therefore we may luppofe he had ftudj]
the Matter more than his Countrymen, who, for the Genl
rality, pay a great deal of Devotion to the Idol, and worflil
him as their chief Deity.

Their Priefts and Conjurers are highly reverenced by then
They are given extremely to Pawawing or Conjuring; ari
one of them very lately conjured a Shower of Rain for cd
Byrd'^ Plantation in a time of Drought, for two Bottles i
Rum. We are not apt to give Credit to fuch fupernatuil
Events : and hud we not found this in an Author who was i
the Spot, we ftiould have rejeded it as a Fable.
. Their Prielts promife fine Women, eternal Spring,
every Pleafure in Perfedion in the other World, whij
charm'd them in thisj and threaten them with Lakes
Fire and Torments, by a Fairy in the Shape of an old Wj
man. They are often bloody in their Sacrifices, and oti
up young Children to the Devil. They have a fuperftitioj
Ceremony among them, which they call Huskanawing^ an
is perform'd thus : They fliut up ten or twelve young Me
the moft deferving among them, about 20 Years of' Age,
a Arong Inclofure, made on purpofe, like a Sugar-loaf, z{
every way open like a Lattice, for the Air to pafs throu
They are kept, there for feveral Months, and are allowed'
have no Suftenance but the Infufion or Decodion of poifoi
cus intoxicating Roots, which turns their Brain, and x\\
^un ftark mad.

py this *tis pretended they lofe the Remembrance of 1
foi;mer things, even of their Parents, Treafure, Langua^
as if they had drunk of the Water of Oblivion, drawn outl
the Lake Lethe.

When they have been in this Condition as long as th^
Cuftom direas, they leffen this intoxicating Potion^ ai
by D^rees the young Men receive the Ufe of their Senfq
6ut before they are quite well, they are ihown in thi
Towns ; and the Youth who have been husianaw'd urc afhj
to difcover the leaft Sign of their remembring any thing {
their paft Lives ; for, in fuch Cafe, they muft be huskanau
again ; and they are diiciplined (b Severely the fecond tia
l^c it generally kills them. hi{\

7})f "Hiftory of Virginia.

After the young Men have pafTed this Trial, they are Cm-
0jftty or Men of Quality in their Nations -, and the In-
'0 fay they do it, to tah away from Youth all Childijh
mjjioniy and that Jirong Partiality to Per/on s and Things^
tick is contraSied befort Reafon comes to take place.
fhc Indian Prieftsj to comniand the Refpedt of rhe Peo-
make themfelves loolr as ugly and as terrible as they can.
j Conjurers always (hare with them in their Deceit, and
,1 gain by it. The Indians confult both of them before they
)on any Enterprize. There are no Priefteffes or Witches
ng them. .They ere6l Altars on every remarkable Oc-
jn, aad have Temples built like their common Cabins,
which thdr Idol ftands, and the Corps of their King^
jd Rulers are preferved.

They have no fort of Literature among them ; and their
ny of communicating things from one to another, is by
ieroglyphicks. They make their Accounts by Units, Tens,
Sidreds, ^c. as the Englijh do ; but they reckon their
pars by Cohonks, or Winters, and divide every Year into
Seafbns, the Budding-time, the Earing of the Corn,
1 Summer, the Harveft, the Winter.
The Months they count by Moons. They divide the
hy into three Parts, the Rife, Power, and Lowering of
t Sun ; and keep theh" Accounts by Knots on a String,
[Notches on a Stick. Of which Capt. Smith relates a
ant Stdry : That when the Princefs Podahonta came for
</, a Coucaroufe^ or Lord of her own Nation attended
r; his Name was Uttamaccomack, and King Powhatan^
hahonta's Father, commanded him, when he arrived in
Poland, to tell the People, and give him an Account of
■ Number. Uttamaccomack, when he came afliore, got
[Stick, intending to count them by Notches ; but he foon
und that his Arithmetick would be to no purpofe, and
«w away his Stick. At bis Return, the King asked him, »
tew many People there were ? And he reply 'd, Count the
Mi in the Sky, the Leaves upon the Trees, and the Sand on
Wi^ea-Jhore, and you will know how many ; for fuch is the
Imber of the People in England.
They efteem the Marriage- Vow as the moft facred of
Engagements, and abhor Divorces ; Adultery is the moft

idonable of Crimes amongft them.
I Their Maidens are very chafte -, and if any one of them
ppens to have a Child before Marriage, her Fortune is
oDt. This Account contradicts others, that defcribe them
Dbe common Proftitutes ; but the Indians and the Virgini-
difown the Scandal, which fome Authors lay to their

£e 3 Charge.

421

^\.

^^1!i

»; It

42a Tjbe Hiftory of Virginia. '

Chtrec, They are very fpritely and good-humoured, n
the Women generally handlom. Their manner of haodlii
Infants is very rougn; as foon «8 the Child is born, thi
plunge it over Head and Ears in cold Water, and then bi
it naked to a Board, making a Hole in it in the proi
Place for Evacuation. Between the Chikl and the Boa
they put fome Cotton-Wool, or Fur, and let it lie in tl
Pofture till the Bones begin to harden, the Joints to km
and the Limbs to grow ftrong. Then they loofen it froi
the Board, and let it crawl about where it pleafes. Froi
this Cuftom *tis faid the Indians derive the Cleanne(s ai
Exadtnefs of their Limbs, which are the ntoft perfeft
thefe Qualities in the World. Some of them are 'of Gi^,
tick Stature, live to a. greater Age, and are (Ironger than
thers ; there being never a Dwarf, crooked, bandy-leg
or ill-fhapen Indian to be feen. Some Nations of them
very tall and large limb'd, and others are (hort and fm:
their Complexion is a Chefnut brown and Tawny. Tbi
paint therafelves with a Pecone-Roor, which ftains them
a rcddifli Colour. They are clear when they are you
greafing and funning makes their Skin turn hard and blaci
Their Hair, for the mod Part, is Cole black, fo are the
Eyes: They wear their Hair cut after feveral whimfic
Modes, the Perfons of Note always keeping a long Loc
behind. The Women wear it very long, hanging it atthei
Backs, or twilled up with Beads ; and all the better fort adoi
their Heads with a kind of Coronet. The Men have r
Beards, and, to prevent their having any, ufe certain Di
vices, which they will not communicate to the Englijh.

Their Clothes are a Mantle girt clofe in the Middle, ai
underneath a Piece of Cloth tied round die Wafte, and read
ing down to the Middle of the Thigh. The common Soi
only tie a piece of Cloth or Skin round their Middle. As ft
^heir Food, they boil, broil, or roaft all the Meat they e
Hotnony is their (landing Difli, and confifts of Indian Coi
foak'd, broken in a Mortar, and then boiled in Water ovi
a gentle Fire for 10 or 12 Hours together. They draw ai
pluck their Fowl, skin and paunch their Quadrupedes ; b
drefs their Fifli with their Scales on, without gutting: Thi
leave the Scales, Entrails and Bones till they eat the Fif
when they rhrow the OfFals away. Their Food is chiefly '
vers, Turtle, feveral Species of Snakes, Broth made of D
Humbles, Peafe, Beans, ^c. They have no fet Me
they eat vi^hen they are hungry, and drink nothing but Wi
tcr. Their Bread is made of Indian Corn, wild Oats, (
the Seed of the Sun- flower : They cat ic abne, and m
with Meat. . The]

ufe certain Dd

rhe Hiftory of Virginia.

|fh^ tfavd always on Foot, with a Gun or Bow. They

J upon the Game they kill, and Hie under a Tree upon a

{^e bigh Grafs. The Englt/h prohibit them to keep Corn,

|eep) or Hogs, left they fliould ftcal their Neighbour's.

\Vhen they come to Rivers, they prefently patch up a

of Birch-Bark, crofi over in it, and leave it on the

r's Bank, if they think they flwll not want it i oiher-

^e they carry it along with them.

Their way of receiving Strangers is by the Pipe or Calu-

[ of Peace. Of the later, Pero Hennepin has given a large

cou.it in his Voyages, and the Pipe is as follows : They

I a Pipe of Tobacco, larger and bigger than any common

light it, and then the Chief of them takes a WhifF,

l^es it to the Stranger, and if he fmokes of it, 'tis Peace ^

(not, War: If Peace, the Pipe is handed all round the

ipany.'

The Difcafes of the Indians are very few, and eafy to be
fed: They, for the moft Part, arife from exceffive Heats
[Golds, which they get off by Sweating. As for Aches,
fettled Pains in the Joints or Limbs, they ufe CauOicks
lod fcarifying. Their Priefts are their PhyGcians, and from
Itdr Childhood are taught the Nature and Ufe of Simples,
k which their Knowledge is excellent; but they will not
Icommunicate it, pretending 'tis a Gift of God ; and by the
IMyftery they make it the more valuable.
Their Riches confift in Furs, Peak, Roenoke, and Pearl.
beir Peak and Roenoke are made of Shells ; the Peak like
111) En^lijh Buglas ; the Roenoke is a Piece of Cockle, driil'd
Itlrough like a Bead. Before the Englijh came among them,
IiIk Peak and Roenoke were all their Treafure ; but now
Ithey fet a Value on their Fur and Pearl, and are greedy of
libping Quantities together. The Pearl is good, and for-
|ffleriy was not fo rare as 'tis at this time.

They had no Iron Tools before the Englijh broughr them
[over: Their Knives were fharpeh*d Reeds or Shells, iheir
IAxcs Iharp Stones. They rub'd Fire, by turning the End of
(ihard Piece upon the Side of one that is foft and dry, which
lit laft would burn. They fell'd great Trees by burning them
[dovm at the Root, having ways of keeping the Fire from
llfcending. They hollow*d them v/ith gentle Fires, fcraped the
iTrunk clean ; and this made their Canoes, of which fome
Iwere 30 Foot long. They are very good Handicrafts-
|iDen, and what they do is generally neat and convenient.

In the firft Chapter, we have (aid enough to Ihew that
[the Government of the Indians was Monarchical : Their
iKindoms defcended to the next Heir, Male or Female 3 and

£e 4 they

423

;;^m!;

» V

^ ^

i'r 111

424 ^T'z&tf Hi/lory of Virginia.

they were very exad in preferving the Succeffion in the righ
Line. If, as it often happen*cl, one great Prince fubjcdci
the other, thofe Conquefts commonly were loft at hu Deatli
and the Nations returned again to the Obedience of the
natural Princes. They have no written Laws, neither ca
they have any, having no Letters. Their Lands are
common, and their IvtrowanctSy or Judges, are all Lor]
• Chancellors, deciding Caufes and infilling Puniihments ac
cording as they think fit. Thefe IVerowances^ and the CaJ
caroufeSi are their Terms to diftinguifh their Men of Qi J
liiy ; the former were their War Captains, and the latter fuel
as have paft the Trial of Huskanawing. Their Pricfts anl
Conjurers have great Authority among them. They hav]
Servants whom they call Black Boys, and are very exaft ii
requiring the Refped that is due to their feveral Qualities.-.]
And thus much of the Indiansy who, from a State of Natu
and Innocence, in which the Engli/h found them, are novi
infeded with the, Europtan Vices of Drunkennefs, Avaricj
and Fraud, having learned nothing of the new Comers bu
what has ferved to render their Ignorance the more de
teftable.

We muft now treat of the EngUJh Inhabitants, their Rifel
Numbers, Diftindion, and way of Living. We have fcen, i]
the Beginning of this Treatife, from what fmall Beginning
the Englijh Colony rofe to the State it is in at prcfent : Ae
it cannot be imagined, that the firft Adventurers there wen
Men of Quality and Fortune, whatever the Proprietors
England were. Men of Eflate would not leave their nativj
Country, of which the Englijh are of all Men moft fond,
feck an Habitation in an unknown Wildernefs : And wli
deterred fuch from going thither at firft, will always dete
them. *Tis true, as the Colony encreafed, and became feci
tied. Men of good Families and fmall Fortunes removed t(j
Virginia^ thrived and grew great by their Induftry and Sue
cefs. And thus many Gentlemen of Vitginia may boaft i
good Defcents as thole in England j but there's no need
yet of an Herald-Office to be fet up at James Town; and tbj
Colony are in the right to make flight of fuch empty Ho
nours, in Comparifon of the fubftantial Profit which is go
by Planting and Traffick. Wherefore the honeft Merchanl
and induftrious Planter are the Men of Honour in Vtrgmiax
and it would not be the worfe for £wg-/fl«^, if Induflry and
Honour were nearer a-kin than ibme vain Perfons mm
them.

'Twas a long time before Fir/r-nia faw a Race ofEnglij
born on the Spot^ which w:ai> '^/ccafioned by the fmall
. . ' ■ Numbe

abitants, their RifJ

the Hifiory 0/ Virginia.

ober of Women chat came over, the firft Planters being

[jiird put to i^ that they made no Scruple to buy a Wifie,

I to accept of any Woman that could give a tolerable Ac-

ot of her Vittue. Womm were not To fcarce after-

^, when the Colony was come to a fort of Perfedtion,

Families tranf^rced themfelves thither from Englandy

[pend their Fortunes, and others to enjoy that Liberty of

Mcience which was denied them at home, in the Reisn

\CharUs Ik and his Son Charla H. Befides which, le-

Royalifts removed thither during the Rump and Oiivtr'$

itions.

hj this means the Colony has fo increafed in Numbers,

[there are now, by the niceft Computation, near 70000

D, Women, and Children in Virginia^ including the

uh Refugees, the Inhabitants of the Northern Ntci, and

tMegro Servants, who are but a few, in Comparifon to

I Sugar Planutions. Of thefe the Men are more nu-

in Proportion than the Women, occaHoned by greater

nbers of them going over thither; tho*, of late Years,

Ibasbeen cuftomary for young Women, who are fallen into

^ ace in England^ or are Ul ufed by their Parents, to

ifport themfelves thither, and, as they fay, Try their

msy which have often been very favourable. The

pie of Virginia are, as in England^ diftinguiHied by the

Qes of Mafters and Servants. The Diftindions of the

lers are by their Offices or Birth, and of the Servants,

iiich as are for Life« and fuch as are for a Termj of

;; tho* N^roes and their Poflerity are all Servants for

1; the white Men and Women for as many Years as they

I themfelves } and if they don't bind themfelves by par-

ar Indentures, the Laws of the Country oblige them to

ve till they are four and twenty Years of Age, if they are

itt nineteen when they commence their Service } if above,

: Term is fet to five Years, and then they are as much

ntled to the Liberties and Privileges of the Place, as any

ithe Inhabitants or Natives are. Their Mafters, when

r Times are out, are obliged to give each Servant fifteen

liels of Corn, and two new Suits of Clothes, Linen and

|FooiIen ; befides each of them may take Pofleffion of 50

I of unpatented Ground, if he can find any ; which is a

vilege that makes a Noii'e, and is tempting to the poor

atures who go over; but is not worth the naming, for

iCrown will purchafe it at any time. «

[TheLawsof r/r^/«M take great Care for the good Ufage

f Servants, as to NecelTaries, Diet and Clothes : And the

m of the Country, which cpnfifts chiefly in Tilling,

3 , manuring

425

■^Cil

\\\*

,'!

4J.26 7i6^ HiJIcry of Virginia.

manuring the Ground, (owing and pbuiring Tobacco, ii i
cafy, thar, as hard Work as 'tis reprdcnt«d to be, the T
Labourero in England are much the greater Slaves, if
Work and hard Living are Signs of Slavery.

The Servants and Slaves are never lifted in the Miiltj]
the Country ; but every Freeman, frofin 16 to 60 Ye
of Age, is enroll'd, and obliged to mufter once a Ye,
. * Their Number is in all 9522, of which 23^3 are LIm
Horfe, and 7159 Foot and Dragoons, acconiing to i
following Schedule, taken in the Year 1703, by which 1
Reader will have a clear View of the Strength of f^irgkl
without including the Northern Ntck^ or the French rJ
gees at the Monachan Town, which may increafe the Nuq
ber of Souls to near 70000.

Cnuntte*

Number

Mal«s. 1

Pemalei

^4ilida.

Hurfe.

Fi'ot

Naincj*

of Suuii.

and

&Dn

1 ;

.*■■ 1.,;

Chil'Srea.

Kuoni.

1 Henrico,

2+13

P'5

1498

3+5

241

Prince George 1

■ 1

and >

4045

1406

2639

625

303

422

Charles City, J

Surrey,

2330

880

1350

350

288

I/Je of Height,

2714

841

1873

140

374

Nanfamund,

2530

1018

1512

59«

142

449

Norfolk,

2279

7«7

1572

380

332

Princejs Anne,

2037

686

I351

284

21?

'James City,
York,

2990

1297

1693

401

123

178

^357

1208

1142

390

215

IVarwitk,

»377

282

89 V

201

15a

Eitxabeth City,

1188

469

719

196

14a

New-Kent,

3374

1325

2049

420

120

300

King IVilliam,

1834

803

1031?
.598?

' 691

189

King and ^een^

2842

1244

509

Glocejier,

583+

2628

3206

594

121

473

Middlefex, .

1^32

77<^

8>6

•99

1 , £M^'^^

2400

1090

1301

438

•39

299

Richmond, ...

2^22

1392

1230

504

122

382

Stafford, ■•'■■

2033

8d3

1170

345

261

IVejlmor eland.

2736

1131

1605

451

133

318

Lancnjier^

2155

941

1214

271

229

Northumberland^

2099

1168

931

522

130

092

Accomack,

2804

1041

1763

456

lOI

Northampton,

2081

712

1369

347

277

60606; 25023 1 355 83] 95 z2 I2353 1 7159

mia.

Anting Tobtccai, I
:nted to be, the I
groiier Slavei, if
laverjr.
fted in the Militij
otn 1 6 to (Jo Yt
muftcr once i Ye,
Mch 13^3 are LigJ
tM, according to
1703. by which tl
Strength of yirgJ
or th« French RtJ
ay incrcafc the Nu

Miiitia. Horfe. F.-ot

345 98 247 j

^^1 303 m

350
51+

59«

380

284.
401
^90
aoi
196
4.20

6^1

59+

•99

438

504
345

271
52a
456

347

62 288

HO 37+

142 44;,

4* m

69 aid

123 278

(J8 215

49 153

54 Ha

120 300

189 509

121 473

56 143

'39 299

122 382

84 2^1

133 318

42 22^

130 092

70 277

95221235317159

Tie Hiftory of Virginia.

WK, B.*» Nnu Hyttry are four Counties idded. King

f/»» Spet/ylvaniay Hanqvir County, Brunfwick County ;

|]0 taka no Notice of the Number of Inhabitants in

,^ and as they naade Part of one or other of the above-

icloned Counties, when the Militia was mufter'd, they

J be therein included.

[geTides the Englijh Inhabitants, there are now feveral hun-

iof /r#Mr/^ Refugee Families, who were fent thither by

r U^tlliam, Thefe Refugees had a very rich Territory

ned them, twenty Miles above the Falls of ''funus River,

i°(he South* lide of the River, formerly the Habitation of

[\^ar-liice Nation of the Indians^ called the Monachans ;

I cbe Town where the Fnnch Proteftants fettled, is call'd

jMcMchan Town.

f The AiTembly has granted them great Privileges, and been

Diiful in their Charity to them, for their Encouragement.

^arealfo very much oblind to the Geneiofity and Pro-

90 of Col. Byrdy whofe Friendfliip has been ferviceabks

I them on nnany Occafions. They are an induftrious Peo-

have mad» excellent Wine there, even of the wild

grapes, and are upon feveral Improvements, which will be

I much to their own Advantage, and that of the Colony.

tis computed that the Number of Souls which either

Be over at firft, or fince, or have been born in the

iintry, amounts to near twelve hundred French. And

Northirn Neck beine larger than the largeft of the

„]r Counties, and almon as populous, may contain about

[thoufimd; fo that the whole Number of Souls in the Pro-

ct oi f^irglniay exclufive o( Maryland, is about 70000.

The Increafe tince the Year 1710, by .Births and new

bmers, is computed at 30000^ fo the whole Compuia-

lis 1 00000 Souls..

R. B. in his Account of the Militia^ makes them to be

^Sooo Freemen in the Year 1 722. Now add to thefe zooo

the French Increafe, and an half for the Servants, wiih

! Increafe of Females and Children to that time, the Com-

itation of 1400C0 Souls in all, will be moderate.

As to the Cuftoms and Manners of the Virginians^ they

! the fame with the Englijh -^ and one may as well go about

)dercribe the Manners and Cuftoms of any one particular

jnty of England feparate from the reft.

Their Diet is foraewhat ditFerent, fo is their Clothing, as

ifo their Sports and Paftimes, and Difeafes, occa(ioned by

! Difierence of the Climates. Befides Beef, Mutton and

[feal, which the Virginians have in plenty, tho' not fo good

ills kind as we have in England^ they have Pork, Bacon,

and

427

.1; 'i

^ •

, I

5
i

t'»«l

»-i

428 ^e Hiftory of yirpmz,

and all forts of came and wild Fowl, better than any of (■
feveral Kinds that are in England,

Pork is fold from i ^. to 3 ^. a Pound ; a large Pullet
6^. a Capon for %d. Chickens 3^. a Doxen; Deer 8x1
Head. The Bread which the better fort of People ufe is t
nerally made of Wheat j the poorer eat Pone made of 06*1
or Indian Meal. Their Kitchen-Gardens fupply them wil
all forts of Roots, Sallads and Pot-herbs. Their DrinkI
according to their Circumftances; tht Gentlemen brJ
fmall Beer with Englijh Malt j ftrong Beer they have frj
England, as alfo French Wine and Brandy, with which thj
make Punch j or with Rum from the Charibbee Iflands
Spirits of their own diftilling, from Apples, Peaches, \
Madeira Wine is the moft common and the mod noble i
all their ftrongDrinks. The Poor brew their Beer with Melaf;
and Bran, or Indian Corn dried in a Stove. They have!
veral other Sorts of Potables, which are very wholefom art.
pleafant. They burn Wood every where, tho' there is PiJ
Coal in many Places ; but Wood being fo plenty, that tlj
may have it for cutting, no Body has thou^t it worth the
while to dig for Coal.

Their Clothes are brought from England for Perfons
Diftindtion, and are as much in the Mode as Art and Col
can make them. They are generally of the lighted Stufisi
Silks, both for Men and Women. The Men, for Coolnell
as in other Parts of the IVe/i- Indies ^ wear, in the Heati
the Summer, Fuftian and Linen Jackets ; and the Wome,
Linen or Muflin Gowns. They have almoft all their Nd
ceflaries, as to Drefs, from England. Their Buildings arj
as in England, of Brick, Timber and Stone, the Outfidci
their Houfes being cover'd with Lime made of Oifter-fliell|
much more durable than Englijh Lime.

Their Sports are Deer-hunting, Hare-hunting ; but dij
ferent from the Engli/h Chace. They learnr of the Indkl
to come up to the Deer under the Blind of a ftalking Horfl
as the Savages did under that of a ftalking Head. Thd
teach a Horfe to walk gently by the Huntfman's Side, tl
cover him from the Sight of the Deer, and fo they have aj
Opportunity to kill him. They have other ways of Deeif
hunting ; but this being the moft remarkable, I have chofej
to mention it in this Place.

Their Hires they hunt with Mungrils, or Swift-Dogsl
The Hares generally hole in a hollow Tree, and then thej
aie fmoked out by the Hunters. They alfo have other for J
of Hunting, as Vermin-hunting, and Horfe-hunting ; thj
latter is much delighted in by young People, who purfuj

^ ^

Jtone, theOutfidcL
Tiade of Oifter-fhelll

The HiJIory of Virginia.

I Horfes with Dogs, and rometimes without them. Thefe
id Horfes are Aich as are foal'd in the Woods in ths

1 Country, and no Body knowing whom they belong to,
bery one is free to catch and keep as many as he pleaies,

o' they are of the EngUfh Breed, they are as fhy as any
Ue Creature j but this fort of Cattle feldom is fit ibr

\\'.

They have feveral other Sports, as taking wild Turkies

Wolves in Snares, Fiftiing, Fowling, and catching of

avers, which is an excellent Paftime. *Tis faid that thefe

Creatures live in a fort of Monarchy, like Bees, and

tvery obedient to their Sovereign.

[The Difeafes moft incident to the Place are Colds,
jught by the irregular Conduct of People at their firft Ar-
y • Gripes and Fluxes, occafioned by the fame means, the
|,»/^ eating too greedily the pleafant Fruits of the Country;
ichexes, or Yaws^ which is a violent Scurvy. The Sea/on-
I here, as in other Parts of America^ is a Fever or Ague,
iicb the Change of the Climate and Die: generally throws
Comers into : The Bark is in Virginia a Sovereign Rc-
dy to this Difeafe,

[The Virginians have but few Dodors among them, and
I reckon it among their Bleffings, fancying the Number
f their Difeafes would increafe with that of their Phylicians.
! few they have ftudy and make ufe of Simples mofl, with
lich their Woods are plentifully furnifh'd.
I We will conclude this Account of the Inhabitants of
mmia, with a (hort Charafter of them. They are a pru-
Dt, careful, generous, hofpitable People, their Houfes be-
jopen to all Travellers, whom they entertain as heartily as
Relations or Friends ; and that fordid Wretch who ofraids
d(1 this laudable Cuflom of his Country, is theObjedt of
Sery one's Contempt.

As for the Convenience of Society, the Gentlemcns Houfes
:at not much greater Diflance from one another than they
:in England. The Planters are almofl all fociable ; ana
kevery thing towards making their Friends welcome is cheaper
I in England.^ fo the Entertainments there are larger, the
ception more fincere, and the Mirth of the Company more
irty than in moft of our Gentlemens Houfes, among whom
ifpitality is fo far out of Fafhion, that a Man who pretends
oit is reckoned a Sot or a Bubble ; and the coftly and per*
lis Vices that were introduced in the Place of it, in the
[Century, has banifh'd it from that Country where it for-
rlyflouriih*d, to the eternal Praifeof our Anceftors, and
(Shame of their Pofterity.

CHAP.

429

i !l

I I-

M,'

430

The Hiftofy of Viiginia,

CHAP IV.

I.;

Of the Government of Virginia •, of the Laws, Coul

of Judicature, Publick Offices, and Revenues.

'T' H E Government oi Virginia was at firft by a PreGde
* and a Council of twelve. Mr. John White was thefi,
Prefident, and when the PreGdency was abrogated thl
was a Commiflion granted by the Company or Proprietorsl
England to Sir Thomas Gates^ S;r George Summers^ and Cai
Newport^ to be joint Governors. We don't find that \
Governors and their Council had any more Power tj
the Prefident and his Council ; but the Name gave md
Authority to their Ads in the Imagination of fotne p]
Tons.

When King Charles I. diflblved the Company, he cd
tinued the Form of the Government by a Governor a
Council for the executive Power, and placed the legiflatj
in the Adembly. The AlTembly had been appointed be^
and met feveral times during the Governments under
Company. The chief Court next to the Affembly is
General Courty held by the Governor and Council, whoa
Judges of it,' and take Cognizance of all Caufes Crimin
Penal, Ecclefiaftical and Civil. There is no Appeal from i
Court, unlefs the matter in difpute amounts in Value to]
hove three hundred Pounds, and then Appeals lie to
Queen and Council in England. In criminal Cafes there i
ver was any Appeal j but the Governor can pardon PerfJ
for any Crime whatfoever, except Murder, and reprieve evi
for that till her Majefty's Pleafure be known therein. Indel
the Governor's Power in this and the other Plantations
very great. He is fubjedfc only to the Qyeen's CommanJ
and repreients her Perfon in his Government : He afTents i
or diflents from the Ads of AlTembly, as he thinks fit,
by his Aflent paiTes them into Laws. He calls, proro
and diflblves the Aflembly : He calls and prefides in
Council ; he makes Juftices of the Peace j all Officers
the Militia, under the Degree of a Lieutenant-GeneriJ
pats out Proclamations; is the Keeper of the Seal
the Colony, and difpoles of the Queen's Lands according I
the Charter and Laws of the Country ; all Payments out
theTreafury are order'd by him, or ia his Name; he
3 ■ . ' ViJ

fUfi Hiftory ^Virginia.

.Admiral by Virtue of a Commiffion from the Admiralty,
ibas « Salary of 2000 /. a Year , formerly 'twas but looo/.
jfbout 500/. Perquifiies; 200/. a Year was added by
.Aflerobiy in favour of Sir William Berkley^ and the
j^Colepepper got it increafed to 2000/, a Year, and 150/.
(fear Houfe-rent, which, with the Perquiiites, make* it
[th near 3000 / Year to the Governor, and more if he
weffes the Pec ^, as too many Governors have done.
hen the Governor and Deputy-Governor are abfent, the

niniftration falls to the Prelident of the Council for the

being, who has a Salary of 500 /. a Vear only, added
fwbit is given him as a Counfellor, which is a very fmall
lOWance. The Queen nominates the Counfellors by Let-
I or Inftrudlion, which fays no more, but that they be
orn of the Council. The Governor can fill up the vacant
tees of fuch as die, or are removed without flaying for
(|ers»froro England. Thefe Counfellors have an equal
iewith the Governor at the Council Table in many things,
J are a Check upon him, if he ofFtrs to exceed the fiout^s
[his Commiffion, in c^ling Aflen.blies, difpofing of the
blick Revenue, placing and difplacing Officers, Votes and
ders of Council, publifliing Proclamations, making Grants,

paffing all Patents. They are the upper Houfe in the

Jfembly, and claim a negative Voice to all Laws.

[Their Salary in all is 350/. a Year, which is divided a-

«gft them, , according to their Attendance on General

urts and AflTemblies. The lower Houfe of the Aflembly

^lifts of the Reprefeniatives of the Counties, two for

icb, and one for James City, in all 51. The College

I has Power by their Charter, to fend a Member to the

fembly. The Afifembly-Men are chofen by the Free-

Eders, by. Virtue of a Writ directed to the Sheriff, which

(read in every Church and Chapel in the County, and the

L of the Ele<^ion then appointed. The Privileges of thefe

flembiy-Men are the fame with the Members of Parlia-

nt in England^ and the Power much the (ame with that
[the Houfe of Commons, only they are very much in-

nced by the Pleafure of the Governor } and after their
have regularly paft the lower Houfe an upper Hbufe,
1 have had the Governor's Affent, they muft fend to £«^-
Ri to be confirmed by the Queen; but, till Aie has de-
ired her Negative, they are in full Force. Thefe Aflem-

I meet once or twice a Year, as occafion requires. Belides
I Governor ami Council, the publick Officers are.

431

i.> '

.?''^

-Mi
i
h

1
i- 1

■•;

.■■'

lit

};

■ (';

h^i

432 Tie Hi fiory of Virgima,

The Auditor of the Reuenut^ Dudley Diggs, £yj. ^\^
Salary is y i per Cent, of all the publick Money.

The Sicrttary and Prefidtnt of th Council^ Edmund Jd
nings, Efy'y whofe Fees and Perquifices amount to aM
400 /. a Year. 1

l^e Tnafurer^ William Byrd, Efq-^ whofe Salary is A
per Cent, of all Money that paflfes through his Hands.'

ColleHor of the Cu/iomsy C0/. GawenCorbin.

Thefe are General Officers and Servants of the Colon
There are other little Officers, as Clerks of Courts, Sherii
and Surveyors, k^c. The Sheriff's Place of each Countyl
very profitable by an Allowance of 1 o per Cent, out of all
Receipts and other Advantages. The Revenues of Virgin
•rife,

1. By the Queen's Quit-rents 2 i. for ? ,. , _, I
every loS'Acres. ^ 1200/. a Year. |

2. By the Ad for the Support of thel
Government, 2 s, for every Hogf- 1
head of Tobacco exported; I5</. •
a Tun for every Ship; 6d. Poll for ^
every PafTenger; Fines and Forfei-
tures, Waifs and Strays, Efcheats
of Land, and perfbnal Eftate, for
want of a lawful Heir.

3. By the Ad referved to be difpofed
of by the AfTembly, 4^. a Gallon
on Wine, Rum and Brandy ; i d.

. a Gallon on Beer, Cyder and other
Liquors, 1 5 i. for each Servant not ^
being a Native of England and
Walesy and 28 j. for each Slavej or
Negroe.

4. The College>Revenue, a Duty on
Skins and Furs.

1200

The Duty of i ^. a Pound on all]
Tobacco exported to the other Plan- 1
tatioDs, and not carried diredly to f
England^ King fVilliam gave it to I
the College^ J

100

200

5700

■fC

s>,.,

^e Hiflory of Virginia.

The parent Revenue, according to Sir PVilllam Keiih's
lilculation,

Q^jit-Rents

Tjie J.S. A Hogfliead on 32000"?

Hoglheads. ' J 3^°°

W of this Revenue the 2000 a Tear
to the principal Governor in Eng-
land, and to the Lieuter^ant-Go-
vtrnor in Virginia Is taken.
A Shilling a Ton on Shipping?

icooo Ton. i ^ °

Marriage Licences, Probats of 'j

Wills, entring and clearing of > 600

Ships, Governor's Perquifues. •*

3500/. per Annum.

7800/.

[ido not underftand how he comes to put Marriage Li^
ifw, Probats of Wills among the Revenues of the Coun-
Y but fo it flands in his Book.

The General Court, of which we have made fome Men-
ioQ, is alfo cali'd the Quarter Court, as being held every
iiiarter of a Year. There are inferior Courts, which are
{It every Month in each County, and arc call'd the County-
urtJ, or Monthly-Courts, where Matters that are not of
ihigheft Moment, fuch as do not relate to Life or Mem-
r, or exceed a -certain limited Value are tried. From
icfe Courts there lies an Appeal to the Quarterly Courts,
which no Adtion can be originally brought under
cVaiue of ten Pounds Sterling. The Sheriffs, Juftices ef
Peace, and other Officers are Judges of thefe Coun?
[■Courts i in which every Man may plead his own Caufe,
[his Friends do it for himj the f^irginians underltanding
icirlntereft too well to encourage Lawyers, believing that
iDifeafcs would be brought in by DoAors, fo Lawyers
lid create Suits -, a Mifchief we in England all complain
I but defpair of feeing remedied. The Juftices of the
ace alfo hold Courts yearly in each County to look after
ans, and take Care of them and their Eftates ; to pro-
for thofe Children that are Fatherlefs, and have no
dy to provide for them. The Laws of Hrginia are the
Is of Parliament and Statutes of Engknd^ which aff^<St
her Maj^fty's Dominions in general j the Statures and
of the Aflembly, which relate only to the Affairs of

Ff this

433

• I

^ H

;

)

■mt

434 lie Hiflory of V\xgvci\2L.

this Colony, in particular Orders of the Queen and Counri
in England^ which in many things have the Force of La3
in the Plantations; the Ufages of the Country, or the Cil
Law, by which all Cafes in the Admiralty are adjudg'd. gj
there being an excellent Colledlion of the Laws of this ai
all the other Plantations already publi(h'd, I refer the Read
to it for a larger and clearer Account of them.

C H A P. V.

Of the Church, and Church Aifaii-s, and ti
.. . College in Virginia.

XX7HEN the Nobility, Gentry, Merchants atid othi
^^ firft got a Grant of this Country, and refolved to m
a Settlement upon it, they received large CoHtributions]
carry it on from feveral devout Perfons, who were for A
pagating the Gofpel among the Indiansy building Scho
Churches, and fettling Minifters for their Cbnvcrfion
Inftrudtion. To this End a great Lottery was fet up I
London^ the Profits of which were for the Benefit of
Colony*, and what inftigated many charitable People to i
Money into it, were Hopes that a good Part of it would]
Jaid out on the ufe for which it was by them intendl
This Lottery was drawn in St. PcuPs Church ; but we j
not find that the Money was employed as thofe r^
gious Peribns would have bad it, or that there
been many Converts made by the Englljh in this Coij
try. I'he Religion of the Firginians is the fame as in i
reft of her Majefty*s Dominions: The Body of thePeoj
are Members of the Church of England. There are fo|
few Diflenters, and might have been more, had they
been pcrfecuted by Sir Prilliam Berkley, Whether the /
ginians glory in it or not, or hoAour the Memory of
Governor the more for it, we can't tell j but Puritans wj
certaiiily always difcountenanced by him. In theYear 16/
Mr. Bennet Weht to Bo/ion in New- England, to de(ire,|
the Name of fome other Gentlemen, that two or tli
Minifters might be fent them. Mr. Phillips, Mr. Thofnp\
and Mr. Knowles, a late Diflenting Minifter in Londonj
thither, where they were kindly entertain'd by private PJ
fons^ but the Governor j^nd ma Council forbad themf

pread

Tie HiftoryofVivg\t\h.

,ach, and order*d, That (itch as would not conform to the
hrtmnieso/the Church eft.nghnd^ouid depart the Country.
iThcre are now 54 Parifh Churches in the Province, of which
) or 4.0 are fupplied with Minifters. It were to be wifli'd

Care was taken to fupply them with fuch Divines as

ght, by their Example as well as by their Preaching, -in-

ie People to a religidus Lifej the Indian Darknefs being

; more gloomy and horrid than what fome of the meaner

; of the Ftrginians live in ; and theu" Parfons, for the mofl

fart, don't take much Pains to lead them into the Light

/the Gofpel. In each Parifli there ii a Church buik ei-

|er with Timber, Brick, or Stone, and decently adorned

ilth ail things proper for the Celebration of Divine Service.

ijge Parities there's a Chapel of Eafe, and fometimes

(fo, for the Convenience of the Parifliioners. The Minifter

(the Parifli preaches in them alternatively, and each of them

s a Reader to read Prayers in his Abfence. The Minifter*s

aintenance is fettled at \6ooolb. Tobacco each, yearly,

riides Perquifites, as 40 s. for a F'uneral Sermon, 20 s. for

I Marriage. The Parifli Affairs are govern'd byaVeftry

twelve Gentlemen chofen out of the Inhabitants ; thefe

cali'd the Patrons of the Church, and on the Death
fone of them, the Survivors ele(ft another in his Place.
hey have the Prefentation of Minifters, and the fole
lower of all Parifli Afleffinents : No Man can be of the
Ifeiiry, but who lubfcribes an Inftrument to be cchforma-
I to the Church of England-^ two of thefe are the Church-
wardens, whofe BufineS it is to fee the Orders of the
jfeftry obeyed, to collecl the Parifli and the Parfon's To-
cco, to keep the Parifli Accounts, and to prefent all Pro-
Dcnefs and Immorality, The Power of Inaudlion, upon

Prefentation of Minifters, is lodg'd in the Governor's
^ands by Law. There are only two Presbyterian and
iree Quakers Meetings in this Colony. The Bifliop of
'mdm^ who is the Ordinary of this and all the other Plan-
ons, appoints a Commiilary here, whofe Bulinefs is to
ke Vifitations of Churches, and have the Infpedion of
^e Clergy, for which he is allowed 1 00 /. per Annum j and by

ftria Hand that the Clergy and Government have held
|iver Diflenters, they have been kept low in Virginia^ and
yerincrcafedtherej tbeAffemblies having done what their
overnors would have them, to difcourage them.
In the Year 154.2, Sir IVilUam Berkley, then Governor,
ley paft an kGc to prevent Diflenting Minifters preaching
Dd propagating their Dodtrines. They admitted none to
[teach in their Churches, but fuch as were ordained by fome

•Ffa Bifliop

435

436 Jhe Hijlory of Virginia.

Bifliop of the Church oi England \ and in 1667,^ Sir/r/J
Ham Berkley being ftill Governor, great Reftraints we]
laid upon them by a midaken Zeal, to prevent their gettiri
Ground. Of what ill Consequence this has been to J
Colony, I leave to thofe moderate Virginians to detcrmirf
who think they ought not to facrifice the true Intereft 1
their Country to the Revenge or Pride of a Party.

I have little enlarged the Chapter of Church Affairs, the
having been publifti'd a Piece by a Divine of Virginia i,
Hugh Jones, A. M. Chaplain to the Aflembly, Fellow
the College, Mathematical Profeflbr there, and Min
flcr of James City, wherein thefe Matters are handled
a clerical manner, by a Hand more worthy of the Subje
than a Lay one can pretend toj only I cannot help objei
ing to that Divine's laudable Zeal again ft Proteftant Diilej
ters^ he (hould not, methinks, have prefTed to theLegillj
ture the worft Part of the Schi/m Bill, by taking away tl
Liberty of teaching Children to read without Licence fro
the Parfon of the Parifli, or Prefident of the College, wh
on the prefent Footing, will never grant it to any one
Communion with the Church of New-England, or of thj
Religion in any Part of the World. I fhall only add th
^ Minifter*s edifying Complaint of the Caules of the Dec
of Chriftian Piety there, if a thing can be properly faidl
decay that never flourifhed. In Virginia there is no Ecdi
afiical Court, fo that Vice, Profanenefs and Immorality are \
fupprefs*d. The People hate the very Name of the Bijhop's Coi\
there are no Vifitations, and the Churches are not con/ecrattl
there are no Confrmations -, Mini/lers are often obliged toprea
Sermons in floufes. There is a great deal more on this Su
je£t, which he clofes thus : J/l which things make it abJok\
necpffary for a Bijliop to he fettled there, to pave the vca^X
Mitres in the Englifli America. I am fatisfied a comm]
Reader will be content with this Sample of the reverend ,
thor*s Church Hiftory.

In the former Chapter of this Treatife we have
tioned the Projedl of a Coll^e^ which was built at iv.
die Plantation, now called Williamshurghy moftly at
Charge of th^ir late Majefties King Jrilliam and Que
Alary, who gave 2000/. towards it, and 20000 Acres!
Land, the Duty of i d. Pound on all Tobacco expord
from Ftrginia and Maryland to the Plantations, and theSJ
veyor-General's Place, which was then vacant. He a|
granted them the Privilege of fending a Member to the i
fembhr. The Aflembly afterwards added a Duty on Sk
and Furs. The whole Profit amounts now to above 400
" " ~ " -" ~ a Ye

7'he Hijlory of Virginia.'

IVcar, and the Revenue increafes yearly. The Foundation
jtoconfiftof

lAPreTident.

-lafters, or Profeflbrs j the chief Matter was to have
lOo/. »Year. «

joo Scholars, Graduates or Non-graduates.

They were enabled to purchase and hold to the Value oi

o/. a Year, and were to be governed and vifited by

in Gentlemen named in the Charter, who were to be

the Governors and ViGtors^ and upon the Death of

one of them, were impower'd to choofe another in his

at One of thefc was to be Redlor, and their Number
all to be 1 8. They were to name the Prefident, Ma-
;, and other Officers of the College, and had Power to
e Statutes and Ordinances. The Building, when per-
was to confift of a Quadrangle, and two Sides of it

!re carried up. The Kitchen, Brewhoufe and Bakehou^
efinifli*d.

The FrofefTors were to read on all the liberal Sciences^
Agriculture, Architedlure, Art Military, Navigation,,
dning, Trade, and Manufactures, once a Week from

\ijiir to Michaelmas^ and twice a Week from Michaelmas

iajier. They began upon Experiments of Plants, Minc-
1, and were aflifted by the French in the Monachan Town ;

ir own Lead, Iron and Copper-Mines in the Appallean

[ountains were under their Confideration, when the Fire

It an End to their College and Studies.

The firfl Prefident of the College by Charter, was Mr.'

d/r. Dr. Bray^ who went td Virginia^ procured con-
able Contributions in England^ towards colleding a Li-
lt proceeded fo far, that there was a Commence*
t there in the Year 1700, at which there was a greac
icourfe of People ; feveral Planters came thither in their
iches, and feveral in Sloops from New-York^ Penfylvania
Maryland, It being a new thing in America to hear

Iraduates perform their Academical Sxercifes, the Indians

mfelves had the Curiofity to come to fVilliamsburgh on
Occafion, and the whole Country rejoiced as if they
{bmeReliih of Learning.

437

1 1

Li )

: ill

W}:

=-i

Ff 3

CHAP,

^c^

438 ne Hifiory of Virginia.

CHAP ^r

Of the Climate, the Soil, ana its Produaions,
Trees, Seeds, Plants, Roots, Fruits and Flowers.

Vir E may imagine, by the Situation of the Country, th
^ * the Climate is healthy ; and indeed it generally agrJ
well with Englljh Conftituiions. Tis full of Rivers, s
confequenriy the Soil very fruitful. The Sickncfs that
Englijh who go thither complain of, is occafioned by Foil
Intemperance, or Carelefnefsj and a fober prudent MJ
will not only find every thing that prefervcs and confir^
Health, but alfo all things that are charming, by the Bead
of the Profbedt, and the Delight, the Fragrancy of tj
Fields and Gardens, the Brightnefs of the Sky, and SerenJ
of the Air aflfc<ft8 the ravifti'd Senfes. The greatcft Diftg
bance the People meet with there, are terrible Claps
Thunder, which however do very little Harm ; the excj
five Heats of the Summer, againfl which the Jnhabitancs
defended by the cool Shades of the Woods and Grovd
and Ringing Infeds, as Frogs, Snakes, Muskcta's, Chine
Seed-takes and Red-worms. The Rattle-fnake is mod taiki
of, and his Bite, without a prefent Application, is infallib
Death ; but the Remedies are fo well known, that ther^
ne'er a Servant, and fcarce a Slave, who cannot cure it in
mediately, by applying the Rattle-fnake's Heart to it, wbi({
reftores the Patient in two or three Hours. Belides,
very rare here, that thcfe or any of the other poifonoi
Snakes are to be feen. The Musketa*s are toublefom.
Gnats in Marfliy Ground in England^ but are only fouil
in the Fenny Places there. They are ftronger, and coJ
tiDue longer than the Gnats in England. As to the oth]
Infedls, there are ways to get rid of them, and the TroJ
ble they out the People to is not worth naming. TheWi]
ter in all Virginia does not continue above three or fo]
Months, Decembefy January^ February^ and March,
which thirty or forty Days only are very bad Weather. Tii
Frofts are fevere, but attended with a clear Sky, and don
laft Jong. The Rains are frequent and refirefliing, and th
Heats of the Summer, which are moft violent in Jum
July and Augujiy are much mitigated by them, and th
frcfh Breezes that are coauwoo in this Coqntry qontributj

I muci

Tie Hijlory of Virginia.

h to render the Heat tolerable to new G)mcrs, and
(jly fenfible to the Inhabitants.

fhcSoilin general is a rich fat Mould three Foot deep,
under it a Loam, of which they make a fine Brick i
according as the Situation is moid or dry, the Soil va-
'Tis diftinguifti'd into three Sorts, High^ L<m apd
^^^^ all which having Sand mix'd with them, makes their
id warmer than Old- England, The Highlands arc moft
ly: However, they bear good Crops of Tobacco, only
Soil does not hold in Strength fo long as the Low-Lands»
icb are very rich, being a blackiOi Mould about a Foot
, and this Soil will hold its Strength feven or eight
Ips without manuring. Their Mar(h-Lands bear Sedges
RuiKes like ours, and are unimproved. Their Land, in
era), is as good as in England ; that at the Mouth of
Rivers is moid and fat, and produces Rice, Hemp and
{m Corn. There are Veins of cold, hungry, Tandy
il, where Huckleberries^ Cranberries, and Chinkapins ge-
ly grow. Alfo Oaks, Poplars* Pines, Cedar, Cypreft
Sweet-Gums, Hockly, Sweet- Myrtle, and the Live
are found here in great Quantities. The Land higher
the River is a various Soil, and ftored with Chefnuts,
inkapins. Oaks, Walnut, Hickories, Dogwood, Elderj,
ifel, Locufl, SatTafras, £lm, Afh, Beech and Poplar.
le Land at the Heads of the Rivers, and its Produdions
alfo various. Here are Trees of an incredible Bigneik,
Plenty of Pallure-Ground, Phyfick^Earth, Dyers- Wares,
I, Quarries of Stone, Iron and Lead- Mines ; Col. Byrd
log at this time fearching for one, which was formerly
)rk'(i, but dedroyed at the MafTacre, as is related in the
|jrft Chapter; and Mr. fVitiaker^ Minifter of Henrico^ ba-
re the Diflblution of the Company, wrote home, That
t far from the Fall, there was found fome Silver Ore.
us we fee Virginia abounds in every thing that is for the
IPleafure or Profit of the Inhabitants. We (hall now de-
[fciibe fome of the chief Productions of the Soil, and fpeak
iirft of the Timber-trees, of which the moft ufeful are Oak,
[Cedar, Cyprefs, Firs, two Sorts of Elm, Walnut and Afh.
eOaks are commonly of fuch prodigious Bignefs, that
they will mcafure two Foot Square at 60 Foot h^h. The
irft Ships that went, to Virginia were ufcd to load with
dar and Clapboard, but iomt richer Commodities have
been exported. There is not much of this Timber fent a-
hroad, tho' the Country was then full of Woods: They
were (0 clear from BuHies, Briars and Underwood, that a Man
have been fee n above a Mile and a half among them,

F f 4. and

439

'■m

\< -■ "

..■Iv?

iM I

44^ fthe U'Jlory o/Virgimi.

and theTrccs ftood at thatDiftancc, that a Cart or Coach mioj
have been driven thro' thcthickoll of the Trees, thoy liav»
no Bniip;hs to a prcat Hcigrh ; yet ihey were fo tufted, that th]
afforded a very comfortable Shade in Summer. Yet tho' tJ
Grapes arc juicy and plenty, all that have attempted to f]
into the Wine Trade, to raifc Vineyards and miko Wi:
have never been able to brinp; ihcir Defigns to lVtc(itio3
The Rcalhns are, bccaurc the Fir and Pine-tree, with whii
the Country abounds, arc noxious to the Vine, and the
jperimciirs that have been made were in the I Ovv-lands, fuj
jcd to the Hinc, and near the malignant Itif; jence of the fj
Water. This ruined Monficur Jamart.^ a French Mciching
Vineyard on James River, near Arcbir's Hope Crei-^ an
Sir Ji^illiam Berihys had the fame Inconvcnicncies, and tli
fame Fate. Several French Vigntrom were fent over in 1^21
the Year before the Maflacrc, and wrote over very proniil
ing Letters of the Country, and the Vineyard they -.. ,^,
raifing; but that bloody Treafon of the Savages pur n
to them and their Undertaking, which the French iv,,fu{„.
at the Monacan Town talk of reviving. Th^. ^ are plu.ij
of Shrubs, as well as of Timber; and bel^dcs- Jkrry v
have before mentioned, there is a Brier giow ng fomcthii
like the Sarfaparilla. I'he Berry is as big as a Pea, round
and of a bright crimfon Colour. E.-iides the Saflbfras-tre
whofc Root was formerly one of the b<*ft Commodities \\\
came from hence: Here are feveral forts of Gums and Drug)
and moft of the Shrubs that grow in England^ or other pari
of Europe. The whole Country is interfperfed with an ij
credible Variety of Plants and Flowers, there being fcarc
any kind t^f cither which does not thrive wonderfully i|
Hrginia^ and the Fruits are equally plentiful and pieafanr.
Of Stone- Fruits, they have here Plumbs and Perfimmoij
or Putcha/nimes. Here are three forts of Cherries, whicj
are as plentiful as they arc in Kent, and larger than ihe£«^/j/j
The one grows in Bunches, like Grapes j the other is blacj
without and red within. The third is the Indian Cherry, anl
grows up higher than the others do. Here is fuch Pientj
of Peaches, that they give them to their Hogs; fornei
them, call'd Malachotecns, are as big as a Lemon, and rej
iemble it a little. Quinces ihcy li^^j in abundance, ^s
Pumpions and Muskmelon Tfc ' umbs . at grow her|
are the black and the Mun\.^ i iumu. The Englijh forts 1
Plumbs do not ripen fo kindly as they do in Enihii,
Their wild Plumb is like our White Plumb. The PerfimJ
mons or Putchamimcs are of feveral Sizes, from the Bignelj
pi a Damnn co tliat pf ^ Bergamoc Pear -, when 'tis m
-r.< ' ':, ripci

^e' Hiflory of Virginia * 44. i

irpc, 'ti^ 38 delicioua as an Apricot ; but if green, *tls dan-

Iprrous and ciufcs Gripes and Convulfions. Their Taltc and

Icolour refemblc thof' of a Cherry ; all thofc Fruits grow

Lild, and without cuu-' ating, as moft of thofe do that we

Lave already treated of. Apples and Pears are fo plentiful,

Ithat 50 Buts of Perry, and as many of Cyder, have feeea

dc out of two Orchard few of which have lefs than 1 1

LijooTrees. The Bergamot and Warden aic the moft

Icommon. There's grea' hfore <<rO'iinccs in Virginta. of

which the People ufed to nake QuiwCe-P-irik. Their

Me(^»^i"^8 are a kind of Gnipes the ( icinquamine is a

hind of Fruit rcfembling a Chefnut, thf Kawcamen, like

I Goofeberry J the Macoquex, a kind of Appic , Mattaque-

Ifumauks, a Fruit like an Indian Fig; Matococks a kind of

[Strawberry J Oconghtanamins^ like a Cap \ Figs '^,row as

|»ff" there as in Spain ; but Oranges and -emons do not

ilifivc, Befidesthe common Acorns, the f^irginians hnd an-

'v. ijrt, with which the Natives ufed to marie a fwect Oil

Itoai'^int their Joints J and another fort of Acorn, bcrrer

jthan the ordinary, the Induins dried and kept for tl ir W>.i-

IttrFood, when Corn was fcarcc. Of Roots, they 'lavc ihe

Puccoon and Mulquafpern, the Juice of which i, of a plea-

|jant Colour, and the Indians made ufe of it to paint their

jies and Warlike Arms. The Tockawaeigh, a very

Iwholefom and favory Root. Shumack, Chapacour, ai i the

Ifimoiis Snake-root, fo much admired in England for bei ig a

ICordial, and an Antidote in all peftilential Difeafes. Tl ere

lis no kind of Garden Aoot but what they have in Perfe'di tn;

bllad-herbs and Pot-herbs grow there fpontaneoully, as 'o

IPurllain, Sorrel, t3'c. Their Flowers arc as fine as any i

ihc World; fuch as the Crown-Imperial, the Cardina.-

Flower, the Moccafm- Flower, the Tulip-bearing- Laurel, thcp

Tulip-tree, the Locuft, like the Jeflamin, the Perfiiming-

Crab-tree, and the Affentamin, a kind of Pink. They have

Plenty of Muskmelons, Water- melons, Pumpion'', Cufliaws,

Macocks and Gourds. Their Cuftiaws are a kind of Pum-

pions of a blueifli-green Colour, ftreak'd with white. Their

jMacocks arc a lefs Ibrt of Pumpions j there are feveral kinds

lofthem: The Savages never eat the Gourds, planting them

lonly for the Shells, which ferve them inftead of Flaggons

lind Cups. The Indians had Pcafe, Beans and Potatoes be-

llorethe Engil/b came among themj but the Staff of their

iFood was their Corn ; of which we have given a large De-

;rip:ion in the Hiftory of New^England.

Plantain of all forts grow wild in the Woods; as alfoLo^j,.

lYdlow-Dock and Burdock, 5olomon's-feal, Egrimony,Phiio(.

s Cemery,T«n^

.h !.

442

The Hiftory of Virginia.

Ccotery, Scabions, Groundfel, Dwarf-Elder, yellow and
white Maiden-hair ; Afarum is gather'd on the Sides of thi
Hilij, and Soldanalla on the Bay-fide. Their Dittany growJ
a Foot and a half high j the Water diftill'd from it the be(j
Medicine for the Worms. The Turbil and Mechoacan]
or Roots exaclly like them, grow there.

Tobacco is the ftanding Commodity of the Country, and
is fo beneficial to the Planter, and fo natural lo the Soil)
that all other Improvements give place to that. Indeed theJ
could turn their Hands to ^pthing* that would employ fd
many Slaves and Servants, and require fo little Stock td
manage it, or take up fuch a large Trad of Land ; for thi
lame Ground that is planted every Year with Tobacco)
would produce, if Corn was fown there, more than all the
Plantations in America could confume. This Plant is fd
common in England^ that we need not defcribe it : It growJ
much like a Dock ; and whereas, in our Gardens, it mujj
be managed with as much Care as the choiceft Fruit orl
Flower, in Virginia they leave it expofed to all the Injurie^
of the Weather, which is very favourable to it, and 'tij
feldom that the Crop fufTers by it. The Tobacco of thia
plantation was rtot at firft fo good as 'tis now. That ol
Braf.l had once the greateft Reputation all over Europe-^ bud
now Virginia and Maryland has tlie bcft Price in all Markets]
'Tis not known how the Indians cured theirs ; they nov
have it all from the EngU/h. 'Tis faid they ufed to let iB
run to Seed, only fuccouring the Leaves, to keep the Sprouts
from growing up and ftarving them. When it was ripe]
they puird them off, cured them in the Sun, and laij
them up for ufe. The Virginia Planters fow the TobaccoJ
Seeds in Beds, as the Gardeners in England do ColworcJ
Seeds; they leave them there a Month, taking care M
that- time to have them well weeded. When the Plants are!
about the Breadth of ones Hand, they are removed in the
hril: rainy Weather, and tranfplanted into what they callToJ
bacco Hills. In a Month's time the Plants will be a FooJ
high, and they top them, and then prune off all the bottoml
Leaves, leaving only fcven or eight on the Stalk, thattheyl
may be the better fed hy the Top, and thefc Leaves, iai
fix Weeks time wKl be in their full Growth. The Planters!
prune off the Suckers, and clear them of the Horn-worn
twice a Week, which is call'd Worming and SuckeringJ
and this Work lafts three Weeks or a Month j by whichj
time the Leaf from green begins to turn to brownifli, and
to fpot, and to thicken, which is a Sign of its ripening.l
As fdil as the Pl^ts ripeo you muft cut them down, leavej

2 then

Hoe Hiftory of Virginia.

jietn in the Field for half a Day, then heap them up, let
lihem lie and fweat a Night, and the next Day carry them
Itothe Tobacco-houfe, where every Plant is hanged one by
Lother, at a convenient Diftance, for about a Month or
ISe Weeks ; at the End of which time they ftrike or take
Ithemdown ia moift Weather, when the Leaf gives, or*elfe
I't^m crumble to Duft^ after which they are laid upon
Isticks and cover'd up clofe in the Tobacco-houfe for 9
Leek or a Fortnight to fweat, and then opening the Bulk
L a wet Day, the Servants ftrip them and fort them, the
L Leaves being the beft, and the bottom the worft To-
Ibico. The laft Work is to pack it in Hogftieads, or bun-
ye it up, which is alfo done in a wet Seafon ; for in the
Idiring Tobacco, wet Seafons are as neccflary as dry, to
Ijoake the Leaf pliant, which would otherwife be brittle and
Ibreak. They take a great deal of Pains with it now, and
Lith all their Trouble can fcarce make it turn to Account.
iThe Englijh have carried over a thoufand feveral forts of the
Iprodudions of Nature, and have found all to fucceed there :
Ixhey have had fuch extraordinary Succefs with Apples and
Pears, that there's never a Planter but has an Orchard, and
Lakes large Quantities of Cyder and Perry, which is fome
of their common Drinks, and there is nothing in England
belonging either to a Garden or Orchard, but what they
have, or may have there in as great or greater Perfedion,

44J

* >i

CHAP. VIL

Of the Beafts, Birds, and Flfh.

THE Beaflis that are peculiar to this Country are the A-
I ronghena, fomewhat like a Badger. The AfTapanick,
or flying Squirrel; the Muflafcus, a kind of Water-Rat ;
tbe Utchunquois, a wild Cat; the OpafTum, a certain Ani-
mal, whofe Female has a Bag under her Belly, wherein (he
carriers her young one. The Woods arc ftock'd with Deer,
the fame in kind with ours in England, and larger and fatter
for the raoft Part. There are Raccoons, B Avers, Otters,
Foxes, wild Cats, Martins and Minks in the FreHies. The
Indians are dextrous in catching them, and keep the Secret
to themfelves, that they may preferve the Fur Trade, which,
iQtherwif? (h^ En^(i/h would fooo driVe them out of. Lions,.

Leopards,

ij44 ^jeHifloryofY\rg\n\2L,

Leopards, Elks, Bears and Wolves, efpecially the latter, ar
met with in Virginia, the* not fo frequently as in feme othc
Parts of North Jmerica, and the Wolves are not rnucS
bigger than Englijh Foxes. This Country was not over!
ftock'd with any kind of Beafts, either wild or tame, whe
the Englijo difcover'd it, and the Cattle that are now to b]
found there, are all of Englijh Breeding: Horfes are
plenty and as good as in England.

Having mentioned the flying Squirrel, we think the Real
der will not be difpleafed vyith a Defcription of it. Thi|
Creature has a flefhy Subilance, which it extends in It!
skipping from one Tree to another, like Wings, and by thl
Help of thefe, he will fiy, or rather skip, 30 or 40 Yard)
at a lime, from Tree to Tree. The Opaflum has a HeaJ
like a Hog, and a Tail like a Rat ; 'tis about the Bignel^
of a Cat, and the falfe Belly, in which the Female carries he)
Young, is thus defcribed by one that faw it. 'Tis like
loofe Skin quire over the Belly, which never fticks to thj
Flefli, buc may be look*d into at all times, after they hava
been concerned in Procreation. In the hinder Part of it ii
an Overture big enough for a fmall Hand to pafs, and thil
ther the young ones, after they are full haired, and ftrond
enough to run about, fly when any Danger appears, oil
when they go to red or fuck, and continue to dofotil|
they have learned to live without their Dam. The ftrangell
Part of this Defcription is, that the young ones are bre
in this falfe Belly, without ever having been in the true
one. They are form'd at the Teat, and grow there fori
Icveral Weeks together, till they are in perfed Shape, and!
have Strength, Sight and Hair : They then drop off, and!
rcll: in this falfe Belly, going in and out at Pleafure. The!
Perfon from whom we took the Defcription fays, he hajl
fcen them thus faften'd to the Teat, from the Bignefscfal
Fly till they became as large as a Moufe. Neither is it any!
Hurt to the old one to open the Bag, and look in upon herl
Young. Some Panthers, Buffaloes and wild Hogs, whichl
yield equal Pleafure and Profit to the Hunter, are caught]
up in the Country, near the Heads of the Rivers. The]
Reafon of there being few Sheep, is becaufe the Countryl
is not yet cleared of Wolves j all other Beafts that are rec-
koned wild, do no Damage to the Virginians ^ flying frotrjl
the Face of a Man whenever they fee onej and the Planters,]
by Pafture- Fences, fecure their Cattle and Hogs from them.
There were no Rats nor Mice there when the Englijh i^i^
landed ; but they foon multiplied fo from the Engli/h Ship-
ping, that once there was like to have been a Sort of Rat-

PIcshI

The Hiftory of Virginia.

^ut among the PJanters. The Virginian Water-Rat,
[ MutTafcus, fmells like Musk. Pole-cats and Weafels are
iQietimes to be Teen there ; but the Plenty of Hares and

,bbits make Amends for it.

There is no Country more remarkable for the Variety of

(is in it than Virginioy where the Woods and Groves in
je Spring, Summer, Autumn, and almoft all the Year,*are
icndcr'd as delightful by the Mufick of the feather'd Choirs,

by the Coolnefs of their Shades, or the Fragrancy of their
Iflowers. Among thefe the Rock-Birds are the moft di-
erting ; they love Society fo well, that whenever they fee
Mankind, they will perch upon a Twig near the Perfon,
|jid fing the fweeteft Airs in the World. The next is the
Humming- Bird, who revels among the Flowers, and licks
Iff the Dew and Honey from their Leaves. Tis not half
j) large as, an Englijh Wren, and its Colour is a Ihining
[Mixture of Scarlet, Green and Gold. There are Black-
lirds with red Shoulders, that come in prodigious Flights out
if the Woods about the Fall of the Leaf ; a fort of Nightin-
^ule, whofe Feathers are very gay, of a crimfon and blue
Colour J but it feldom or never fings. The Mock-bird comes
in about March, and ftays till June, and in Bignefs and
Colour is like a Thrufli. The Herons there are very large,
ind the Partridges very fmall. There's great Variety of
wild Fowl, as Swans, Geefe, Brants, Sheldrakes, Ducks,
Mallard, Teal, Blucwings, Cranes, Curlews, Snipes, Wood-
cocks, Ox-Eyes, Plover, Larks, Pheafants, Pigeons- and
which is beft of all of them, wild Turkies, much larger
than our tamej they are in Seafon all the Year. The Vir-
pnians have feveral ingenious Devices to take them; among
others, a Trap, wherein id or 17 have been caught at a
ti?ne.

As for Fifh, there*s fuch prodigious Plenty of them, ihat
'tis hardly credible to an Eur opean. Some of the Stories that
have been told of it-are certainly romantick, and are rejeded
IS fiditious, fuch as Shoals of Fiflies, fwimming with their
Heads above Water, and to be taken by Hand, loading a
Canoo with Fifli in the open Sea by one Indian in half an
Hour ; but 'tis certain that no Rivdrs in the World are better
ftored than theirs, s^ndthat the Virginian Sea-Coaft abounds
in Cod and Sturgeon, of which fome are eight Foot long.
Indeed there's fcarce any Fifli but what may be caught either
in the Sea or the Rivers ; and yet there's only one fort pecu-
liar to this Country, which is the Stingrafs. 'Tis good to
eat J but has a long Tail, with a very dangerous Sting in it.
Tiire arc other ftrange Fifhesj but then they are aUb to be

found

fit i I

M. Ill

^46 ^^ Hi/lory of Virginia.

found in moft Parts of North America, fuch as the Coney
Fiih, Rock-Fi(h, Cat-Filh, and a Fifli in the Form oft
Dragon, to which there's no Name as yet affigned in oj
Language. The Toad-Fifli, when 'tis taken out of thl
Water, fwells till *tis like to burft. Mufcles and Oiftersarl
very plentiful in Virginia^ and fo large that fome of then
are as big as a Horfe's Hoof. Pearl has been often found m
the Shells ; the Indians had large, but the Englijh found onl]
Seed-Pearl, of which good Qiiantities have been fenttj
England. In the Spring- lime the Brooks and Fords are f]
full of Herrings, which come up to fpawn there, that 'tj
almoft impolTible to ride through without treading on then.
The Rivers are alfo at that time ftock'd with Shads, Rock|
Sturgeon and Lampreyis, which faden themfelvesto the Shad
In the fait Water, at certain times of tha Year, there arj
Shoals of other Fiilies ; fuch as the Old fVife, fomething lik]
a Herring, and the Sheeps-head, which the Virginians efteera
in the Number of their beft. Black and red Drums, Trout]
Taylors, Green-fifh, Sun-fi(li, Bafs, Chub, Place, Flounl
ders, Whitings, Flatbacks, Maids, Wives, fmall Turtle
Crabs, Cockles, Shrimps, Needle-fifli, Breme, Carp, Pikel
Jack, Mullets, Eels, and Perch. Thefe are to be found J
the Rivers and Brcx)ks all the Summer long, and are eate
by . the People. Thofe that follow are not eaten : Th^
Whale, Porpus, Shark, Dog-fifli, Gar, Thornback, Sawl
fiih, Land-Crabs, Fidlers and Periwinkles. Many of thefJ
Fifl\es will leap into Canoos and Boats, as theEngUjh orMiani
crofs a River j and there's fuch Quantities of them, thai
they often tire the Sportfmen with taking them; where
as in England they are generally tired for want of it. Thd
manner of Fifliing-Hawks preying upon Fidi is very diverting
The Sport is to be fccn every Summer in the Morningj
and fometimes all Day long. Thefe Hawks are wonderfj
eager after their Game, when the Filh firft come in thj
Spring. In the dead of the Winter 'tis fuppofed they fill
further off at Sea, or remain among the uninhabited Kland
upon the Sea-Coaft. They have often been feen to catcl|
FiQi out of the Water, and as they were flying away wit!
their Quarry, the bald Eagles hiave taken it from them aj
gain* The FiOiing-Hawk will hover over the Water, anf
reft upon the Wing fome Minutes together; and then fron
a vaft Heigth dart down diredly into the Water, plunge inti
it for the fpace of half a Minute, and at laft bring up a Fif
with him, fo big, that he can hardly carry it. When he 'i
on the Wing, he fliakes himfelf fo ftrongly, that the Wate
comes off of him like a Mill, and tlien he files toth^

Wood

The Hiflory o/* Virginia.

H^oods with his Prey, unlefs the bald Eagle intercepts him,
Bd takes it away from him. This Bird, as foon as he per-
jeives the Fifhing-Hawk with his Game in his Mouth, pur-
jjes him, and ftrives to get above him in the Air, which
\ he can do, the Hawk lets his Fifli drop, and the Eagie
^ves him to take up his Prey, which (he (hoots after jivith
U furprizing Swiftnefs, that he catches it in the Air," bc-
lore it falls to the Ground. Thefe Fifliing- Hawks, when
jieSeafons are extraordinary plentiful, will catch a Fifli, and
loiter about with it in the Air, on purpofe to have a Chace
(fith the Eagle for it ^ and if the Eagle does not come, he'll
lai'.e a daring Noife, as if it were to defy him. This Sport
js frequently been feen by the Englijh^ and by the De-

Ifcription of it, muft certainly be extremely pleafant to the

[Spe6Utors.

447

n I

CHAP. VIII.

'\}cit Coins m Virginia-, of the Trade to and from
England^ and other Parts of Europe and America :
the prodigious Revenue that the Cuftoms of 1 to-
bacco brings in *, the Advantage that Trade has
been to England^ and the Difad vantages it lies
under.

InpHO* the common way of Traffick there is by Barter
y ox Exchange of one Commodity for another, or of
ny for Tobacco; yet there is fome Silver Coins, EngliJI)
nd Spamjhf and were much more, till the lov/sring of the
U\ic tempted People to export the Coin to the other
Plantations, where it went for more than it did in Virginia,
The chief of their Coins are either Gold of the Stamp of Jra-
^j)ia, or Silver and Gold of the Stamp of Spanijh America^ or
\i.n^lijh Money. rhere*s very little of either kind to be
in this Country, for the Reafons above-mentioned:
|The Governments round about it often raifing the Value of
he Coin, is the Caufe that Virginia is drained of the litde it
lb. And 'tis impoiTible to prevent this Inconvenience, un-
lefs all the Colonies on the Continent were obliged to have
(one and the fame Standard for their Coin, v;hich there
pe lately been fome Attempts made, to effedt, tho' with-
out

jif' :

%
4,

u. i|

( '

«s

448 ^he Hijiory of Virginia;

out the Succefs that was expeded and defired. TheScarcil
ty of Money is fuch in this Plantation, that Gentleman cj
hardly get enough for travelling Charges, or to pay Labourel
and Tradefmens Wages. It occafions alfo the commencini
many vexatious Suits for Debt, which tor this means arl
contradted. The Value of the ieveral Coins that are thctd
is as follows: • . .

The Spanljh Double Doublon, • - -
The Doublon, confqucntly, - - -
The Piftole, - ------

jirabian Chequins, - - - - -

Pieces of Eight (except of Peru) weigh-
ing \6 Penny-weight, - - - -

Frev.ch Crowns, - - - - _ _ 00

Ptrw Pieces of Eight, and Dutch Dollars, 00

And all Engli/h Coin as it goes in England.

The Trade of this Colony, as well as that of MaryknA
confifts almoft entirely of Tobacco j for tho' the CountrT
wbuld produce feveral extraordinary Commodities fit foj
Trade, yet the Planters are fo wholly bent on planting T^j
bacco, that they feem to have laid alide all Thoughts o|
other Improvements. This Trade is brought to fuch Per]
fed:ion, that the Virginian Tobacco, efpecially the fweet-j
Icenced, which grows on York River, is reckoned the befl
in the World, and is what is generally vended in Engkni
ior a home Confumption. The other Sorts, call'd Oramaci
and that of Maryland, are hotter in the Mouth ; but thej[
turn to as good an Accoutit,. being in demand in Hollani\
Denmark^ Sweden and Germany. Of this Commodity 30000
HogOieads have been exported .yearly, which, belides thj
other Advantages that the £ngli/h reap by it, have clear'd 5/j
a Hogjliead in a foreign Market, and- increafcd the generaj
Stock of the Nation 1 50000 /. a Year. The whole Trad(
of Tobacco is indeed one of the moft profitable of all thj
Englijh Commerce ; it employs above 200 Sail of ftout i
every Year, and brings in between 3 and 400000 /. to he^
Majefty's Treafury, one Year with another. Tho' th
Calculation may fcem too extravagant to fuch as know
nothing of this Trade, and to fome who make GuefTes od
the Trade in general only, from their own in particulari
yet it will appear to be modeft to all that have Experience
in the Matter. There are 200 Sail of Ships freighted with
this Commodity Communibus Annis^ from the whole BayJ

liars, oo 04. 00

^e Hijlory of Virginia. . 44 j

Ijo vvhicb we include the Province of Maryland-^ and, one
„ltb another, we cannot reckon they carry lefs than 300
)]og(heads of Tobacco, in all 70000 Hogiheads, of which
^f vve fuppofe to be fold and fpent in England-^ and the
pittyof thofe 35000 Hoglheads, at but 400 Weight of To-
luccoeach, will come to 8/. a HogHiead, and 280000/.
lor the Whole. The other Half w.hich is exported will
got produce above a 5 th Part fo much in the Exchequer,
Ijecaufe all the Impofts are drawn back, and part of the Sub-
jdy^ yet allowing but 50000/. for the Duty of the 35000
Hogdieads exported, the whole Amount of the Culloms for
4^70000 Hogiheadj of Tobacco, will come to 330000/.
I Year, and fu much it certainly bringf into the Exchequer
in a time of Peace. For in this War time our trade is more un-
certain, and a juft Calculation of this Branch of it, in parr, or
b the whole, cannot now be made ; tho\ confidering that
the Virginia and Maryland Merchants have escaped much
bener than thofe oi Barbados, Jamaica and the Charibbet
lllands, our Eftimate, with fome Abatement, according to
the Number of Ships Idft, may ftand good. Some who
pritcnd to be very well acquainted with the Virginia Trade,
haveaOfured us, that 1 00000 Hogdieads have been ihip'd
off from Virginia and Maryland in a Year, and 4.0000 of
lem fpent in England-^ if fo, we are rather too fliort in
lour Account than too long, both with reference to the
IGilculation of the Cuftoms, and the Addition the Trade
makes to the National Stock. But we have kept as clofe
to Truth as we could by oiir own Experience, and the beft
Information ; and to render what we have faid the more
edible to the Reader, *tis neceflkry he fliculd know how
Uly this Trade is improved in all Parts of England^ as well
IS in the Port of London. The Town of Liverpool has had
50 Sail of Ships uplade at her Key from thence in a Year, for
feveral Years paft, reckoning one Year with another j many
the Out-ports have 8 or 10 Sail employed yearly in the
f^.nia Trade, and the City of Brijiol is faid to pay above
0000/. a Year Duty for Tobacco herfelf, which v/ill not
ar improbable, if what we are very credibly informed
BriJlol Men is true, that one 3hip belonging to that
'ort, call'd the Br iflol Merchant , has paid 8 or 10000/.
" iftom every Year for thefe twenty Years lalt paft; and very
ilten 30 or 40 Sail of Ships have come into the Severn at »
ic bound for Brijiol^ belides Runnerr and Stragglers. I£
le Out-ports together fend 100 Sail to Virginia in a. Year,
we think we have fufiiciendy proved, London will more
aoake up the other 100. And what we have iaid of

m '

D -V

^^H^^^H

Bii'

450 The Hijlory o/" Virginia.

the Trade and the Cuftoms, will fcem very rational andl
certain.

Bclidcs the vaft Advantage that accrues to the National!
Stock, by the Exportation of Toba'cco from En^J'uid to all
orhcr Parts of Europe, we muft confider how beueikial thii
Trade is, by the prodigious Number of Hands it employs]
and Families it maintains in England and A '^^ima j no lefj
than feventy thoufand Englijh Souls 'mVirgirAa^^r\6. as nin,nyir
England. There are vaft Quantities of Manufar^ures exf jrd
ed from hence daily to this Colony, who have all their NeJ
ceflaries for Clothing, Labour and Luxury from England^
and thofe Commodities that are fent hence lying moft a^
mong Handicraft Trades, are fuch as employ the moll
Hands, feed the moft Mouths, and conil'quently are tha
moft beneficial to the Publick, fuch as iVeavers, Shoemakers\
Hatters, Ironmongers, Turners, 'Joiners, Taylors, Cutltrs]
Smiths, Bakers^ Brewers^ Ropemnkers, Hofiers^ and indeed
all the Mechanicks in England; their Manufadlures beina
good Merchandife in Virginia, when the Ignorance oi
Avarice of fome Merchants do not glut *\it ^farket. Thd
Commodities fent thither, beilSes Linen, Silks, lndu{
Goods, Wine, and other foreign Manufadtures, are Clotli
coarfe and fine, Serges, Stuffs, Bavs, Hats, and all fOrts o|
Haberdafhers Warei Houghs, Bills, Axes, Nails, Adzes]
and other Iron Ware ; Clothes ready-made. Knives, Bisker]
Flower, Stockings, Shoes, Caps for Servants ; and in fhoitj
every thing that is made in England.

They formerly drove a confiderable Trade with Pipe]
Staves and Hoops from Virginia to Madeira, Terceras, Fia\
knci the other lilands call'd the Azores ; but lately New-EnA
land and New-York have almoft driven the Virginians out o|
that profitable Trade. They ftill keep part of the Trad}
to and from the Sugar Iflands, on Account of the l^ri Rive
Tobacco, which is moft fmoked among the better fort ol
People ; iho' the Oranoac will ferve the Negroes, and thd
worft of the white Servants, as well or better than the fweetj
fcented. The Ftrginia Merchants and Planters export To
bacco. Cattle and Provifions to Barbados and the LeewarJ
Iflands ; and in E^ichange bring back Rum, Melafles and
Sugar j for notwithftanding they make good Brandy of thdj
own, and might have Sugar from their Sugar-tree, as h
been proved by many Experiments; yet they arefolazyl
that they will be at no Pains to provide themfelves wit(
any thing which they can fetch elfwhere for Tobacco. TherJ
are feveral Trades which they might fall into, befides thaj
of Tobacco^ and which would be a Service to chat ConrniG

very rational and!

lie Hiflory g/* Virginia.

^ty, bccaiifc the lefs of it was made, the greater Price it
yould bear. The Country is certainly capable of large Im-
provements, by the Timber Trade and its Appurtenances,
\ Pitch, Tar, and Rofin. They might alfo manufadlure
pas, Hemp, Cotton, and even Silk, the three iirit Com-
jgod'ities tiiriviiig there as well as in any Country in the
^orld ; and the Mulberry-tree feeding Silk-worms forrtierly
in Abundance. Edward Diggs^ Efq; was at great Char(?e
jnd Pains to promote the Silk Manufadure, fmcc it
fiven over by others ; but wanting Encouragement, he alio
Bve it over. Several of the late Governors have^ for
jteafcns which they did not think fit to reveal, difcouraged
^ fuch as went about Manufodures ; and the Planters have
tieen obliged to ftick to their old Drudgery, the planting of
Tobacco. Silk- Grafs grows there fpontaneoufly in many
Places, and may be cut fcveral times in a Year. The Fibres
of this Plant are as fine as Flax, and much ftronger than
Hemp. A Piece of Grogram was made of it in Qpeen
Uzabeth's Retgri, and prefented to her ; and yet the Eng-
^ negledfc it, and make no manner of Ufe of it; not {6
Duch as the Indians did, who made their Baskets, Filhing-
Nets and Lines with it. The Virginians might alio drive
IS good a Trade with Cattle and Provifions, Horfes, Cows,
Oxen, Beefj Pork, i!fc. as the People of Nevt> England and
Cmlina do the Sugar-lflands ; but all their Thoughts run
Bpon Tobacco, and they make nothing of thofe Advantages,
ibich would enrich an induftrious People.

Indeed the Naval Storey that might be brought thence to
\hiland for the Queen's and Merchants Service, are of fuch
Cbnfequence, that 'twould be well if fome Care was taken
|to oblige them to manufadure them, and due Encourage-
Lent was given to do it. It feems a little unaccountable,
Lhjf the Englijh, whofe Plantations are fo well furniflied with
thofe Commodities, ihould be at the Charge of buying them
in the 5fl///V/f with ready Money, fuch as Pitch, Tar, Rofin,
Turpentine, Plank, Timber, Mafts, Yards, and Cordage.
mew-England and Virginia would plentifully fupply all our
{Naval Wants, and we fhould not then be obliged to the
pie of the North, who do not always deal friendly or

lirly by us. The Virginians are lb far from thinking of
Iniproving thefe Manufactures, that tho* they fee others fend

liiher to build Ships, they feldom or never do it themfelves.

hey not only negled: making a Trade of Provifions, but

m to provide a neceffary Store againft an accidental Scar-
|ci:y, contenting, themfeives with a Supply of Food from
pd 10 Mouth, infomuch that if a fcarce Year ihould come^

Gg 2 there

45 >

1.1 '

452 ^he Hijlory of Virginia.

there would not be enough in the Country to fubfift then
three Months. The only Excufe that the Virginians q
plead for their Lazinefs is, that their Induftry was never en
couragcd. Their want of Towns hinders tbcm from ri
ceiving many Advantages by the Fruitfulncfk of their Soiil
for the People who inhabited them would take ihofe Cow
rtKxJities oft their Hands, which every Planter in the Coun
try is furniihed with at hon.e. By this want of Cohabiratia
they are uncapable of making a beneficial Ufc of their FlaJ
Hemp, Cotton, Silk, ^.ilk-Grafs and Wool, which migH
otherwife fupply their Neceflities from their Towns, am
their Tobacco would enrich them, as we have (hewed elf]
^ where. The grcatcft of their Difcouragemenrs is the hig
Duties on their Commodities, the Cuftom being often te
times as much as the prime Coft ; and if it wants in Good
nefs, there is no Abatement for it ; no ConGderation fd
Lofles, for high Freights and Premio*s of Infurance, for]
fmall Crop, the Dearnefs of Hands, and other AccidentI
which may prove the Ruin of this Plantation : For whe
his Goods come to Market, after Cuftom and the Faftor'
Bill for CommijOTion is paid, the Net Proceed comes
little. The poor Planter u not on'y difappointed in th
Value of his Goods, but his Bills '.bat he drew came bac
protefted, and he is forced to pay exorbitant Intereft,
prevent being fued, or forced to lign Judgments to th.
Merchant there, who having got the leaft hold of his Eilatj
feeds him infenfibly with Money, till the whole follows i
a mean Rate. If this Fate does not attend his Bills, hei
forced to buy the NeceHaries at home at dear Rates, whic
he wrote for to Englai.<'-^ and if he goes upon Truit, \
as fuch Prices, that a Uiiirer bluOies to extort, but Culbil
makes it look like lawful. If he fells bis Tobacco in til
Country, the Factors take Care to beat down the Price i
low, that 'twill h?irdly pay for cultivaiing. How can
this be remedied, you fay, in War- time? "R^ Securing the
Trade, which would make Infurances unneceflary: Andhoj
can it be fecured ? That Queftion has been fo often anfwerl
to fuch as have the Care of thefe things, 'tis needlefs for us
decide it here. This we may venture to fay, that the fendiq
a Ship or two to this or other Cobnies, under Commandei
vrho think themfelves Admirals, and defy all Power but the
own, will never answer the End. A Reprefentation (
which was made to t'oofe that have the Management of the
Afiairs, in which 'twas faid. They make it their Buftmfs i
9ppofe Authority ^ and when there is any Fa£Iion in any Pkcl
they art Jurt tQ join witbtbtm s^ainft tht Governor ^ thtym

• 41

^r^f

out

* 7be niftory of Virginia.

I, '^ a Harbour for a IVetk together ^ without on * ^
\licmfi> By their ill Vfage of their Men they Jo
\ifun away from the Shipy and then they ruin the Merc ant t
\^itrade of the Place^ by preffwg away the Seamen fro th§
Mis. Some Inftances of the ill Pradlices of chefe t:iip-
jinsare mentioned. One ofthem^ when he was at Virginia,
\u\lhtr fpared the Gentlemen of the Country ^ the Queen's Of'
\yi^ nor the Governor himfdf becaufe they wouU.' not ftiffer
jiifl to marry a Gentleman s Daughter^ when at the famt
(,>!/ he had a IVife and Children at London. Upon which
i/ attempted the Lives of the Gentlewoman* s Rtther^ fevtral
{ htr Relations, efpecially of a very worthy Gentleman, ont
(;l Gary, who courted the young Lady. The Governor wai
yc(d to fecure the Peace : The Province being all in an
'Ufrsar by this Man's extravagant /tSfions. The Council of
Maryland complained of another, reprefenting, He was

ir for Bedlam than to command a Ship. And another at
'fW'Tork. H^hen the Lord Cornbury ordered him to take feve-
\i\VtffeU loaden with Provifions on her Majefl/s Account, in
Pcnfylvania «7«^ Carolina, and convoy them to Jaimzic3i, excuf-
Idhimfclf, faying. His Ship was laid up and unrigged. They
wht have been ready before Chriftmas ; but he would not go
ithe 2'^th of March, promiftng then to fet fail : However, hi
^\n the Harbour till the latter End of May j all which time

MajeJIy paid Demurrage, the Provifions lying on boards
is great Damage. He refufed to obey the Orders he re-

i/i to touch at Carolina, and take thofe Veffels under his

453

Bat fliould we go about to write a Hiftory of all the Com-
ts that have been made againfl: Xuch Officers as thefe,
I their Mifcarriages in America, one might add another
olume to thefe of the Plantations.

We have alfo feen a State of [Virginia, drawn by an In- A Stau^
ibitant oi Narth America, and prefented to the Lords ©f^''^'"'*'
rade in England. The People are very numerous, difperfed
hu^h the whole Province. Their almofifole Bulinefs is plant-
)g and improving Tobacco, even to that Degree, that mofi of
imfcarce allow themfelves time to produce their necejfary Pro-
ifms, and confequently take little Leifure to bufy themfelves tf-
t Matters of State, They have always been refpehful and
Mint to Government, &c. Again, On every River of •
iw Province there are Men in Number from ten to thirty,
k by Trade and Indufiry have got very compleat Efiates,
'bife Gentlemen take Care to fupply the poorer fort with Goods
i Neceffaries^ and are fur e to keep them always in their
lit, and confequently dependent on them* Out of this Num-

G g 3 bir

; *

454

77}e Wflory of Virginii.

Church Af'

htr are chofen her MajeJ1y*s Council^ the Ajjemhly, the fuPn
and Officers of the Ccyerriinent. Many of thef% 'ientltm er.
apply* J themj elves of late Years to procure from their Cvtrnif
good Laiusy for the better Government and Imprauenient of t
Country t 6cc. Agtin, They confider this Province is of fl
greater Advantage to her Majejly, than all the reft of the fVj.
vinces hefides on the Main ^ and therefore falffy conclude^ th
they ought to have greater Privileges than the refi If h
Maje/y's SubjeSis. Farther, 7he Affembly think themfeh,
entitled to all the Rights and Privileges of an Englifli ?ar\k
mentj and begin to Jearch into the Records of that Honourab
Houfe^ for Precedents to govern themfelves by. The Counci
imagine, they almofl Jland upon equal Terms with the Km
Honourable Houje of Lords, We think a great Part i
what follows in this Reprefentation might have been fparci
fo we leave ic as we found it.

The Society for propagating the Gofpcl, in the Accom
they have publiili'd of their Succefs in America, tells us, ///.
ginia is divided into fifty Parifhes, and about thirty Chapeji
Here was alfo a noble College, ercded for the Education
the American Youth, in the Studies of Divinity and Phil
fophy. A Maintenance for the Students has been fettled
but by Difufe has been impaired in many Places. Seven
Paridies arc not fupplied with Minifters, particularly in Prii.
cefs AnrC^ County. There was no Mathematical Profeflbr i
IVilliam and Mary College. The Society have paid tl
Mr. Tyliard zol. and to Mr. Wallace of Elizabeth Ci
Parifli 15/. in Books.

Of the College above-mentioned we have fpoken alread
but (ince that, have met with a better Account of it.
Sum Ac- fiately Fabrick was raifed^ a Royal Charter given^ witha\
SfhTetyfer* P^^ Privileges and Immunities^ a publick Fund was allotted)
the Endowment of ity and a Preftdent appointed with an k
nourohle Salary^ &C. and in Honour of the Founder, it wi
calPd WiWhm and Mary College. But it could not befu,
hi/h*d with Profess and Students^ nor advanced above
Grammar-School^ before the whole College was unfortmatei
de/iroyed by Fire. And the great Service Col. Nicholfon d
this Society, and the Caufe of Religion in this Provino
while he was Governor, has been often acknowledged
them in publick and private.

We have nothing farther to obferve relating to Virgii
but that on the Death of Mr. Notte^ my Lord Orknefi Di
puty in the Government of this Colony, Col. Hunter wl
appointed bi3 Succedbr in that honourable Poft, A. D. 170
On wh^'ch he embarked for this Province, smd in his P^ilaj

prafagatirtg

the Gcfpel,

ne Hiflory o/* Virginia.

taken by the French^ and carried mto France \ from
nce he returned into England^ and now waiu foif j^Cctn-
^\o Virginia, . ' ^^

[We have only to add a Lift of the chief Officers, Civil
I Military, as is done in the other Parts of this Trcatifc*

Col. Hunter^ Govcrnof.
Edmund J tnningiy Efijj Prcfldcnt.

Dudley pi(:gs-, Efq;
Btttjamin Ha rifon^ Sen. E(q;
inbtrt Carter, Efqj
^ihn Cu/iiSy Efq;

he Rev. Mr. Jamts Blair e,
Philip Ludwtlly Efqj
Umry Duhy Efqi
Rtbert ^arry, Efq;
''ohn Smithy Efq^

'tf^n Lewis, Efq;

7///fl;w Churchill, E(q;

CommifTary to the BiHiop of London, the Reverood

Mr. y<7OT« Blaire.
Auditor of the Revenue, Daz/Ay Diggiy Efqj
Secretary, Edmund Jennings, Efq;
Receiver-General, IVilHam Bird, Efq;
Coiledor of theCuftoms, Col. Gawen Corbin,
Attorney-General, Stephen Tompfon,

455

til '

j>CounciIlorf.

•Th' I

^ i-' 5^

■i: !

Cg4f

TH6

(4S6)

•rtW

*MWi

THE

H IS TO R ^

O F

CAROLINA.

CHAP. I.

Containing an Account of the Difcovcry andl
Settlement of this Province, and of all the
JVars, Fad:ions, Difturbanccs, and other E-
vents there, from that time to the prefent.

Difcovtrjf.

E are not ignorant of the Pretences of the
Concern'd in this Province, who affirm 'twas
difcover'd by Sebaflian Cnhot. Mr. ArchdaleA
one of the Proprietors, in his printed Defcrip.
tion of Carolina^ fays, Henry VJII, about the Year 1500,
^furnijh'd Sir Sebaftian Cabot with Shipping^ (He was born \
at Briftol, tho* his Father was a Venetian) to make a Dif.
covery ; and he fell upon the Coaji of Florida, and having \
failed along the Continent a confiderahle wayNorth-Ea/i^ re-
turned. But this does not appear in any auchentick HiftorianJ
nor that Sir Sebaflian Catot ever got fo far to the South. I
Carolina is the Northern Part of the vaft Region of Ame- \
rica, which was difcover'd by John Ponce de Leon, in the {
Year 151a. He made Land ^ut 30 Degrees from thej
jEquator^ near the River of San Mattaoy the moil Souther-

) R "n

■ N J.

Difeovery and

and of all the

, and other E-I

o the prefent.

Pretences of the
', who affirm 'twas
ihot. Mr. ArchdaleA
his printed Defcrip-l
out the Tear 1500,
ping^ (He wasborn]
an) to make a DiJ.\
i^lorida, and havinA
vayNorth'Ea/}, re-
uthentickHiftorian,!
ar to the South,
'aft Region of Jme-
nee de Leort^ in the \
Degrees from the i

the moft Souther.

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CAROL IISTA

By HejTjnAti Moll G-e^araph^r .
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The Hijiory of Carolina. 4^7

lypart of this Province, He failed thither from the Ifland
^?orto Ricoy and gave the Country the Name of Florida^
Ibr that the Face of ;<: has the Refemblance of a continual
Spring.

The Spaniardsy who paflionately defired to fecure it to Caftd. 0/
tlemfelves, eight Years afterwards fent Fafque% de Ayllon to America.
make a farther difcovery of it, as belonging to Charles V.
in whofe Name de Leon had taken PofTeffion ot it. He
came upon the North Coaft, and call'd the North North-
\^'eft River by the Nzme of Jordan. He did nothing memo-
nble, except this in&mous Action, of inviting many of tho
Natives aboard his Ships, where when he had got them, he
JKiifted Sail, and carried them into miferable Bondage.
In the Year 1^26^ Charles V. Emperor of Germany and
King of Spainy fenn Pamphilio Narvefi to Floridoy who .
id fo long in the South-Weft Part of this Country, which
the moft barren, that, fays my Author, they were fain to
[it one another^ his Crew having fpent their Provifions.
Ten Years afterwards, Ferdinando a Soto came hither in
the Search of Gold and Silver Mines, having a little Army
of 900 Foot, and 500 Horfe. Himfelf and three Parts of
Soldiers died, either through Want, or by Sicknefs, or
k Indians; and the reft were led back by Lewis Mo/cos to
^m-Spainy tho' not without great Ditfieulty j for the Na-
tives fetting upon them fever^ times in their March, kill'd
that fell into their Hands.

This unfortunate and expenfive Expedition fo difcouraged

^the Spaniards, that for feveral Years they made no more

ttempts in thefe Parts ; and indeed they fearch'd no farther

an that Part of the Continent which lies oppofite to the

ulph of NewSpainy and not within and beyond the

Itreights of Bahama^ which includes that Part of the Coun-

we are now treating of, and which is the moft fertile

id rich, abounding in feveral merchantable Commodities.

The French perceiving the Spaniards negle6ted this long

'ra<2: of Land, Admiral Colignyy in the Reign of Charles IX, .

racured two of the King's Ships to be lent thither, the

nimand of which he gave to Jean Ribauty who, after

Voyage of 'two ^Months, arrived at the Kiver of Doipbinsy

tween that of San Matt^o and that of May, lying about

|the 50th Degre^.

The next River to that of May, he call'd the Seine -y the

lext to that, the Somme; then the Loire -y then the Cha^

^mte, and the Garonne. At the Mouth of AlbemarU River

then called the Great River, the Port being fafe and com-

lodious^ be built a Fort, which he call'd Charles Forty and

gave

458 9^^ Hifiory of Carolina.

gave it the Name of Port Royal, in 3 2 Degrees of Latitude,!
bordering on f^irghia, now North-Carolina, where the fitftj
Settlement was made by any European Nation.

The Civil Wars raging in France, Ribaut^s Soldiers mutj,
nied, for Want of Supplies. The Natives, *tis true, wercl
very kind to them, out of Hatred to the Spaniards', but
they could not furnidi them with many Neceflaries which I
they wanted; and the Admiral was fo engaged in Politicks atl
home, thrit he had not Leifure to provide for the Wants of I
his Colony. So Ribaut having made fome Difcoveries in the!
Xbid. North-Eaft Part oi Florida, returned to France -, and, in
his Return, if Credit may be given to an old Author, his
Company were reduced to fuch Extremity, that they kiU'dl
and cat one of their own Men; and probably would have
done fo by others, had they not accidentally met with an
Engitjh Ship, the Mafter of which furnifh'd them with fome
Provifions. A Peace being concluded two Years after in
France, between the Papifts and Protcftants, Coligny, who
was then in Favour at Court, procured other Ships to be I
fent to this Country, which was now call'd Carolina, from
Fort Charles, as that was from the French King. The Com-
mand of rhofe Ships, and the Men aboard, was given to]
Lewis LuHikncr., who was order'd to carry on the Se:tlc-|
ment. He arrived here the 20th of "June, \^S\, with!
three Ships, and was kindly received by the Indians; butl
could find no Gold and Silver Mines, tho' he fpent much
Labour and Time in Search after them. His Provilions be-l
ing aimed all gone, and the Natives either unable, or un*|
willing to furnifli him with more, Laudoner refolved to re-
turn alfo to France : and as he was preparing to depart, Jtan\
Ribaut arrived with three Ships, which had fo good an Ef.[
fe£t on the Indians, that they feem'd to be as welcome to I
them as to the French. The Kings of Homoloa, Seravatr\\
Almacam^ Malica and Cajiri waited upon Ribaut, to con-
gratulate his Arrival, and promifed to condud him to the|
Apalataian Mountains, which part Carolina from Virginia.

The French conceived great Hopes of this Settlement;!
but all vanifti'd on the Arrival of the Spaniards^ who with!
a Squadron of Ships and Land Forces, drove the French out!
of their Forts, kiil'd Ribaut and (k>o Men, after havingl
given them Conditions of Life, and obliged Laudoner, with!
a few of his Countrymen who remained alive, to return to|
Franct.

The Frevch King took no Notice of this Adt of Violencel
committed on bis Subjeds, becaufe they were Proteftants J
and indeed 'tis thought Coligny intended, by this Settlement,!

n'he Wflory of Carolina. 4 rg

fecure a Retreat for himfclf, and his Brethren of the re-

jirm'd Religion, in cafe they were conquer'd in France.

httr Melanda commanded the Spaniards, who diflodg'd the

pnchy and fo provoked the Indians by his Cruelty and In-
Hce, that they were very ready to revenge themfelves when

Dpportunity ofFer'd, as it did not long after ; for Capt. De
iGsrgueSj a French Gentleman, at his own Joft, fitted out
jiliree ftout Ships, and with 280 Men failed to Carolina, where
le took the Fort, and put all the Spaniards within it to the
jSworcl. They had built two other Forts, which he eafil/
lieduced, and ferved the Garrlfons as he dfd that of Fotc
marles. He demolifti'd them, and was aflifted by the
[Kings of Homoloa and Seravatri.

The French travell'd into the Dominions of the great King Oiv. of Kid,
Va Apalacha, near the Mountains, where they converted «* '*'"••
linany Indians to Chriftianity. Thefc Indians were more civil
Itban thofe to the Northward, their Kings Dominions larger,
liod their Manners, in a great meafure, refembled the
\Uexicans.

We do not find that Monfieur de Gorgues made any Scttle-
Iflieiit here ; or that the Spaniards attempted to recover the
ICountry, which, from the Year 15^67, lay defer ced by all
{European Nations, till th** Reign of King Charles II. of Ertg-

In the Year 162a, feveral £«^/^ Families flying from ^^'^
lihe Maflacres of the Indians in Virginia and N^w-Englandy.
Iivere driven on thefe Coafts, and fettl'^d in the Province of
mallica, near the Head of the River of May^ where they
laired the Part of Miflionaries among the Mallicans and Apa-
\khites. The King of the Country is faid to have been
I baptized; and in the Year 1653, Mr. Brigjiock, an Euglifly-
ffw», went to Apalacha, where he was honourably entertain'd
Iby his Countrymen, who were there before him j and from
Ibis Relation of the Country ours is taken.

It will not be unacceptable to the curious, to fee a Dcfcrip- a n^firfp
Ition of Carolinay as it was before the Englijh fettled there, '^""'^^^
which wc find very diftindly related in a Difaourfe printed '*'°'°''
A. D. 1^44. The neareji River of any Note to Virginia, fall"
UngintoUhe Sea, is the Jordan, which lies in 32 Degrees',
\from whence, about 20 Leagues downwards to the South, is the
Promontory of St. Helen, near Port-Royal, which the French
Uhofe for the hefi and fureji Place to begin their Plantations.
\Miveen the Kiver Jordan and St. Hele"«s, are Oriftanum, caftell.*.
iOftanum and Cayagnaj Oriftanum lying Leagues from St. 33.
lilelcns, Oftanum 4 Leagues from Oriftanum, and Cayagna
8 Leagues from Oftanum. From St. Helens to Dos Baxos
haven is % Leagues. From thence to the Bay de Afapo 3

Leagues,

1 »,

.t'\

460 ^e Hi /lory of Carolina.

Leagues^ thence to Cafimunum 3, /« Capula 5, to Saron 9,
S. Alcany 14., and to S. Peter 20 Ltaguts^ lying in 31 0<)
grees of Latitude, The next Place is San Mattaeo, 5 Lea^uli
from St. Peter.

'Twill be difficult for an Inhabitant of the prefent Carl
Una to reconcile all thefe Names to the modern, and thJ
old Defcription to the new ; wherefore we (hall not pretend
to it, at leaft but occafiDnally, and where we can bealmoj
Aire that we are in the right.

This Country having been abandoned by all European Na]
tionsfor near 100 Years, it feem'd realbnable then, thatanj
one who would be at the Expcnce of fettling upon it, and cull
tivate it, fliould poffcfs it ; and the Pretence of SebafiianCal
hot's difcovering it gave the Crown of England a Title to it)
which King Charles II. aflcrtedj for fome Noblemen and Gel^
tlemen begging it of him, he made a Grant of it, by a PatenJ
bearing Date the 24th of March ^ i66iy to Edward ^■ax\ A
Clarendon, then Lord High Chancellor of England^ ^^^m
Duke of Albemarle^ William Lord Craven^ John LorJ
Berkley y Anthony Lord AJhley, Sir George Carteret^ Sir lV'i\
Ham Berkley y and Sir John Colli ton-, who, to ufe the VVordl
of the Grand Charter, being excited with a laudable and
pious Zeal, for the Propagation of the Gofpel, begg'd a certa\\
Country in the Parts a/" America not yet cultivated andplanti
cd, and only inhabited by fome barbarous People, who had 1
Knowledge of God^ &c. wherefore the King granted them al\
that Territory in his Dominions in America, from the Norm
End of the IJland caWd Lucke-Ifland, which lies in thi
Southern Virginian Sea, and within 16 Degrees of North Lati-
tude j and to the Wefi as far as the South Seas ; andfo Souther\
ly as far as the River San Mattaeo, which borders on ihe Coaji
o/'Floridji, and is within 31 Degrees of North Latitude, anei
Jo Wefi, in a dire Si Line, as far as the South Seas afore/aid i
With all Royal Fiilieries, Mines, Power of Life and LimbJ
and every thing necefTary in an abfolute Propriety, paying i
Quit-rent of 20 Marks yearly.

We are not to enter into the Merits of the Caufe, not!
enquire by what Right King Charles became poflefs'd of thii
Province, and Carolina to be a Part of his Dominions in A-j
merica ; *tis enough for us, that he gave the Proprietaries fuchj
a Charter, and that they proceeded towards a Settlement byl
virtue of it, which was in a few Years cffeded. Whateverj
has been faid of the French and Spaniards, 'tis but juft, that!
if one Nation does not think a Country worth cultivating,!
and defcrts it, another, who has abetter Opinion of it, inay|
enter upon it, by the Law of Nature and Reafon.

Thil

'^■■i'l

ne Hiftory c/* Carolina.

461

The Prcprietarics, aher they had got their Charter, gave

ue Encouragement for Perfons to fettle in this Province,

nd there being exprefs Provifion made in it for a Toleration

,id Indulgence to all Chriftians in the free Exercife of th^ir

Heligion, great Numbers of Proteftants, DilTenters from ♦

he Church of England^ retired thither.

This Toleration appears fo firm by this Charter, that wa

Konder any Palatine could pre fume to break in upon it. The

[ing granted the Proprietaries full and fr'^e Licenfe, Liberty

(id Authority, by fuch legal ways an'^' neans as they (haU

iink fit, to give unto fuch Pcrlbn and Perfons, inhabiting

d being within the faid Province, or any Part thereof, who

illy in their Judgments, ano for Confcience fake, cannot

ihall not conform to the Liturgy, Form and Ceremonies

the Church of Eugland^ and take and fubfcribe the

}aths and Articles, made and eflablifh'd in that Behalf, or

ny of them, fuch Indulgences and Difpenfations in that

bhalf, for and during fuch time and times, and with fuch

imitations and Rellridtions as they, ^c. ihall think fit.

Let us now fee what the Proprietaries did, purfuant to the

tower the King has inverted them with, to grant Liberty of

ifcience. We cannot have a better Authority than the C<7/1

\the Dtjjenten in Carolina, publilh*d lately by a Gentleman

this Province.

Tht firji Proprietors were fo fenfible that nothing could people f.tj*

kt Province, and enrich it, hut an univerfal and abfolute

Miration, that they made the mojl exprefs and ample Provi^

\in for fuch a Toleration that ever was made in any Confiitu^

\min the IVorld^ as may be feen in the 9^, lOi, 102, io(J

\\\des of the Fundamental Conflitutions; which provide, as

le Lords Proprietaries word it in thofe Conftitutions, That^* 36.

«« the Natives of that Place, who will be concerned in our

'flantaiions, are utterly Strangers is Chrijiianity, whofe Idola-

y, Ignorance, or Mijiake^ give us no Right to expel or uf§

km ill j and that 4hofe who remove from other Parts to plant

itre, will unavoidably be of different Opinions concerning

latter s of Religion, the Liberty whereof they will expeif to

mi (dlowed them ; and that it will not be reafonahle for us^

I this Account, to keep them out : Therefore, that fure Peace

^fly he maintained, amid/I the Diver fly cf Opinions, and our

\rtment and Compact with all Men may be duly and faith-

lly obferved, the Violation wheref, upon what Pretence fo»

w, cannot he without great Offence to Almighty God, and

f tat Scandal to the true Religion, which weprofefs: And alftt

'it Jews, Heathens, and other Diffenters from the Purity

fth$ Chri/iian Religion may not be fear' d^ and h^ at Dif

\ tamt

fe,.

> •

..■I'l '1

'111:

'iffif. :)

'■ -t

J. i

T) I

462 W<? IJiftory of Carolina.

tame from it, but by having an Opportunity of acquainthl
themfelvei with the Truth and ReaJomOlenefs of its Do^rinel
and the Peaceablenefs and Inoff'enjwenefs of its Profejfon^ ,J
by good Vfage and Perjuafton^ and all thofe convincing Meih\
■ ofGentlenefs and Meeknefs^ fuitable to the Rules andDefignu
the Gofpely be won over to embrace, and unfcignedly recik
the Truth. Therefore the faid Conftitutions provided fd
their Liberty ; but declared. That no Per/on above fevtnte\
Tears of Age Jhall have any Benefit or Protection of the Lav
which is not a Member of fome Church or Profeffion^ havin,
his Name recorded in fome one religious Record,

Thus did thefe feords Proprietaries take care, that Perfor
of all Profcflions in Religion fliould be protedted and fecur'l
in the free Exercife of them ; and the Reader thus prepoi
lefs'd with the Laws of the Country, on which the Goverri
mcnt of the Colony is intirely founded, will be the bettfl
able to judge of the Principles of thofe Men, who, in tli
Sequel of this Hiftory, we Hiall find endeavouring to oveil
turn the mofl confiderable Articles of thefe Fundamentals I
for great Numbers of Proteftant Diflenters from the Churcl
of England, removing with their Families to Carolina, whel
there were fo many Inhabitants, that a Form of Goveml
ment was neceflary, the Proprietaries agreed on that above
mentioned, call'd the Fundamental Conftitutions, confiftln
George z>«t*of 120 Articles, figned by the Duke of Jlbemarley then Pal
•f Aibe- latineof the Province, the Lord Craven, the Lord J/hlJ
Sir John Colliton, the Lord Cornbury, the Lord Berkley^ Sil
George Carteret, the iQi oi March, 16^^. Which Conftij
tutions, as is exprefled in the laft Article, Jhall be and remai
i he f acred and unalterable Form and Rule of Government '\
Carolina/ar ever.

They were drawn up by that great Philofopher Mi|
Locke, at the Delire of that famous Politician the Earl
Shaftsbury, one of the Proprietors, and the only one tb
could be fufpefted of having the leaft Inclination to fevou
the DifTenters. The firil Article of thefe Fundamentals isj
That a Palatine Jhall be chofen out of the Proprietaries, wh
Jhall continue during Life, and be fucceeded by the eldejl o/'/iJ
other Proprietaries, The Palatine has the executive Power iif
moft Cafes, and the reft of the Proprietaries have their Place
and Privileges. Mr. Archdale, in the before-raentione
Treatife, fays, They centered all their Power in four ofthmX
viz. in a Palatine of their own chooftng, and three more, nil
were authorized to execute the whole Powers of the ChartiA
This is caWd the Palatine's Court ; and their Deputies in Ca|
rolina execute it as they ar^ direSied by their Principals,

marie.

he Tit (lory of Carolina.-

4^3

By the Fundamental Conftitut ions, there arc to be three
Uditary Noblemen in every County, one call'd a Land-
[jve, and two call'd Cafliques. The Parliament conlifts
[the Proprietors, or their Deputies, the Governor and
bmmons ^ and by the Fundamentals Ihould have 25 Land-
Bvcs, and 50 Calfiqucs to make a Nobility ^ but the Num-
of Landgraves and Caflfiques is very fmall, and they are
pt fummon'd to make an upper Houfe on that Account ;
I the Governor and the Proprietors Deputies arrogate that
[itlc. The Commoners are chofen by the Freeholders of
jrery County, as the Commons in England^ and all were at
CO fit in one Houfe, and have equal Votes. This Par-
tinent fliould meet once in every two Years, and oftener,
Occafion require. The Courts of Juftice are, befides
ofc of the Palatine's Court, the Chief Juftices Court, the
gh Conftablc's Court, the Chancellor's Court, the Trea-
Irers Court, the Chamberlain's Court, the High Steward's
l)urt; befides which, there are the Great Council, and
J Hundred Courts. Mr. Archdale, on this Head, tells us,
I The Charter generally, as in other Charters, agrees on
I Royal Privileges and Powers, but efpecially at that time it
' had an overplus Power to grant Liberty of Confcience,
tho' at home was a hot perfecuting time^ as alfo a Power
to create a Nobility, yet not to have the fame Titles as
here in England-^ and therefore they are there by Patent,
under the Great Seal of the Province, call'd Landgraves
' and Cafliques, in Tieu of Earls and Lords, and are by their
' Tides to fit with tne Lords Proprietors Deputies, and to-
'gether make the upper Houfe, the lower Houfe being
eleded by the People. Thefe Landgraves are to have
four Baronies annex'd to their Dignities, of 6000 Acres
each barony; and the Cafliques two Baronies, of 3000
' each, and not to be divided by Sale of any Part. Only
ihey have Power to let out a third Part for three Lives,
' to raife Portions for younger Children.'* Every County
I a Sheriff and four Juftices of the Peace. Every Planter
|iys li. an Acre Quit- rent to the Proprietaries, unlefs he
uys it ofF. All the Inhabitants and Freemen, from 16 to c
Years old, are bound to bear Arms, when commanded
' the Great Council.
The Proprietaries enter'd into a joint Stock, and fitted out
lilps on their own proper Charges, to tranfport People and
kie thither, which Expence amounted to 12000 /. befides a&
fuch or more disburfed by fingle Proprietors to advance the
olony ; and all their Rents and Incomes have fince the
ginning been laid out in publick Services.

4 Many

iif;

114-

464 ^^ Hiftory ^Carolina.

Many Diflcnters of gooH Eftatcs went over, md tni
other Pcrfons, in hopes to mend their Fortunes. Ap^jl
they could tell how to improve the Opportunities that vvJ
put into their Hands there, they had fcldom any Rca3
to repent of going thither. ^

Tho' the Difficulties and Dangers they met with at Bl
were a little difcouraging, all free Per Ions who came ovl
were to have 50 Acres of Land for themfelvcs, 50 more
each Man Servant, and 50 more for each Woman Servar
marriageable, and not marriageable 40 Acres. EachvScrval
out of his or her time was to have 50 Acres, paying tj
Quit-rent of 1 d. an Acre.

The Proportion of Land wai much greater by the fir
Inftrudions which the Proprietaries fcnt their Governor]
but they afterwards thought fit to reduce it to the prcfent AUc
ment. Some Gentiemsn who did not care to be liable 1
the yearly Quit- rent of i ^. an Acre, bought their Lands ou|
right.

The common Rate of purchafing now, is 20 /. for k
Acres, and to*, a Year Quit-rent. The Proprietors,
all their Leafes, never forget to except all Mines, Mineral]
and ^arrUi of Gtms, and precious Stones.
Things being thus eftablifti'd.thcLordsProprietaries appoinl
Cei. willitm ^ QoXJVtUiam Sayle to be Governor of their Province, aboJ
&yi*G«wr-jjjg Year 1670. The firft Plantations that came to any Pel
fedion, were about Albemarle and Port-Royal Riversj bJ
JJhley and Cooper Rivers drew People that way, for ill
Convenience oi Pafture and Tillage, for which Reafon th|
. part of the Country became moft inhabited.

In 167 1, the Proprietaries fent Capt. HJ/led v/kh aSu
ply of Provifions and Scores for the Colony, and create!
James Carteret, Sir John Teomam^ and John Lock^ EfJ
Landgraves.

The Conftitutions having been found deficient in for
Cafes, Temporary Laws were added, and the Form of G(j
vernment fettled thus.

A Council
coniiiling

A Gowrnor named by the Palatine.

.. r 7 Deputies of the Proprietors.

* % < 7 Gentlemen, chofen by the Parliament.

* C. 7 ot' the eldeft Landgraves and CaiSques.

^he HfJIcry of Carolina.

4^5

An Admiral,

A Chamberlain,

Chancellor,

Chief Juftice,

Secretary,

Surveyor,

Trcal'urer,

High- Steward,

High-Connable,

Rcgifter of liirths, feuriaU

and Marriages,
Rcgifter of Writings,
Marihal gf (he Admiralty.

.IP'

All which were nominated by the Proprietors rerpe(flivcty.
The Quorum of the Council were to be the Governor and
Ij Councillors, of whom three at leaft were to be Propric*
liors Deputies ; and becaufe there were not Inhabitants to
Lkc a Parliament, according to the Fundamental Con/iuw
Lw, 'twas ordcr'd to conlift of the Governor, the Depu-
Itics of Proprietors, and twenty Members chofcn by the Frcc-
l|)olilcrs, of whom ten were to beelcded by BerkLfs County,
jiod ten by CoUiton County ; which Number was increafed.
Its more Counties were laid out, and more People came to
Ifetrle in the Province.

The Temporary Laws Were made in the Year i6-ji. Atwi!ii*m
hhich time IVilliam Earl of Craven was Palatine j on which ^jriufCn*
Oiiicehe entered, after the Death of the Duke oi Memarle,]i^J*^*'
fbo, as has been faid, was Palatine when the Fundamental
Ccnjlituiions were figncd -, but died foon after. In the fame
Tear Capt. Haljled was order'd to make Difcovcries up
^l)l(y River, and a Model of a Town was fent, which it
fill be well if the People of Carolina are able to build lOo
Years hence j but the Proprietaries, as appears by their
Conftitutions and Inftrudtions to their Governors, thought
|\was almoft as eafy to build Towns, as to draw Schemes.

The next Governor to Col. Sayle was Sir John ITeomans, sir John
[Baronet, in whofe time many of ihe before-mentioned Tranf- ^e«f"»"»
lilions happened ; but we h»vc not been able to diftinguifh '^*""'^'
ieEvciilft in his Governnnaat 'om thofe in Say/e's.
About the Year id8o, the Proprietaries made Jofeph ^^, jofeph weft
Efq; one of the firft Planters, their Governor. He was t^Goverutr.
Man of Courage, WuUom, Piety and Moderation; and
IfQch an one was neceilary in his time : For though many Dif-
[fenters had fled from the Rage of their Enemies in England^
vs. there were not wanting Men of other Principles, who
by Fadions diilurb'd the Peace of the Infant Colony. Mr.
hhdaleh Word will, in this Cafe, be more acceptable to
the Reader : *' The moft defperate Fortunes hrlt ventured
I" over to break the Ice, which being generally the ill Livers
of the pretended Churchmen, tho' the Proprietors com-
milTionated one Col. fp^eji their Governor, a moderate,

H h '!. juft,

466

■ t

V-f

Jofeph

Morctor.,
Efji Gover-

nor.

n'he Hijlory of Carolina.

" juft, pious, and valiant Perfon ^ yet having a Council oj
*' the loofe principled Men, they grew very unruly, and had
" like to have ruined the Colony by abuling the IndmiA
" whom in Prudence they ought to have obliged in the highl
" eft Degree, and fo brought an Indian War on the CountrJ
** like that in the firft planting of Virginia, in which fevera
" were cut ofFj but the Governor by his manly Prudctrcei
" at leaft in a great Meafure, extinguiflied the Flame, whicll
" had a long Time threatened the Diflblution of the Colony.]
The two Factions were that of the Proprietaries and that d
the Planters, like Court and Country Party in England, Thl
Divifion got to fuch a Head, that one Mr. John Culpeper wa,
fent Prifoner to England, with a Charge of High-Treafoil
againfthim for raifing a Rebellion in Carolina-, for which h]
was tried at fFe/iminJler- Hall, and upon hearing the Matteij
it appeared only to be a diforderly Quarrel among the PlanteJ
and Inhabitants of the Province, fo he was acquitted.

Col. ff^e^ held a Parliament in Charles-lown^ A,
1682, in which feveral Ads were pafTed and ratified by hir
(Andrew Percivall, Efq^ IVilliam Owen, Efqj and Mauri\
Matthews^ Efq; Deputies of the Proprietaries) as, An A^
for Highways, for fupprejftng Drnnkennefs and profane Swear
ing,for Obfervation of the Lord* s Day, and for fettling th
Militia.

'Twas in this Governor's Time, that the IViJioes, a Natioj
of the IndianSyVfere troublefom to the Colony, and attempul
the Subverfon of this hopeful Settlement, as the Aft of Paif
liament to raife Money for repelling them words ir. Therl
was not much Blood Ihed or Money fpent, for 4 or 5001
paid the Charge of the War and other publick Expences.

The Lords Proprietaries ereded a Commiffion for Maum
Matthews, Efqj William Fuller, Efq; Jonathan Fiiz, Efd
and John Boon^ Efq; to decide all Caufer between the Enm
and Indians. And Mr, IVeJi is charged with dealing in /;j
iiians : For which and oppofiilg the Proprietaries Party,
was removed in the Year 1683, and Jofeph Moreton, EfJ
appointed Governor in his ftead.

'Twas about this Time, that the Perfecution, raifed by thj
Popifli Fadlion and their Adherents in England againft thl
Protelhnt Diflenters, was at the Heigth, and no Part of th|
Kingdom fufFered more by it than Sofnerfetjhire, The Au
thor of this Hiftory lived at that Time with Mr. Blake, Bra
ther ro the famous General of that Name, being educated bj
his Son-in-law who taught School in Bridgwater ; and re
members, though then very young, the Reafons old Mr. Bla
ufed to give for leaving England: One of which was, Thii

tlJ

*?7v Hifiory of Caroliria.'

Miferies they endured, meaning the Diffenters then,
nothing to what he forefaw would attend the Reign of
[popiih Succeffor, wherefore he refolved to remove to Ca-
And he had fo great in Intereft among Perfons of

Ma:

(principles, I mean the Diffenters, that many honeft fub-

Perfons engaged to go over with him,
[l muft prevent all Prejudice to what I have faid, by de-
ling that this Book is written by one who is not himfelf a'
lilTencer, but verily believes the true Church of England is
■ moft orthodox and the moft pure Church in the World.

I by the true Church of England^ he underftands all thofe

I live up to the Dodlrine it profeffes, who by their Piety,
Ijarity and Moderation, are Ornaments of our holy Re-
fcoD, and who do not blindly efpoufe a Name out of In-
tft, or from thelmpreffionsof Education; who pity, and
[hate fuch as diffent from them, who are loyal to their
[ince, fubmiffive to their Superiors, true to their Country,

charitable to all: Of fuch a Temper is every true
urchman, and may their Number daily encreafe, till we
tall of one Mind and one Religion, as we have but one

I and one Saviour.
I if the Reader v;ill pardon this Digreffiort he (hall have no
ore, and fo much it was neceffary to fay, that he may not
ink whatever is faid of Mr. Blake or his Brethren, is out of
{fpedt to his Profeflion, but as a Chriftian : For though I
ubt not there may be many good Chriftians of the fame
Jfociples, I ihould efteem them more if they would be con-
heed and conform, that the Union, fo often recommended'
]our gracious and glorious Queen Jnne^ may be: univerfal.
[I fay the more of Mr. Blake^ becaufe his Family is one of
: moft confiderable in this Province, where he arrived in
(Year 1683, with feveral other Families the Followers of
iFortune. What Eftate he had in England he fold, to
the Effeds along with him, and though the Sum was not
ny Thoufanda, if it did at all defer ve the plural Number^
Hit was all that his great Brother left him, though for feveral
(tars he commanded the Britijh Fleet, and in a Time wheri
f naval Arms were viftorious, and the Trcafurcs of New
m feldom reached Home.

\i^ Mr. Blake's Prefence in Carolina y the Sober Party, wc
Ithemfo in Oppofition to Mr. Archdale*s III Liver s, began
[take Heart, and the other to be difcouraged in their irre-
lar Courfes. The Gentleman I juft mentioned, in his
Uription of Carolina writes thus : In Governor Moreton*/
mti General Blake'j Brother with man-j Dijfenters came ta
foliiKj wh'teh Blake Wing a tbife and prudent Pgrfon, of aH

H h a htrmt

467

■Svi i;

rv\

% '

468 "the Hipry of Carolina.

hero'ick Temper of Spirit, Jirengthened the Hands of fiber [,
dined People, and kept under the firjl Uofe and extravaga
Spirit^ &c. The Governor, as we are told, married Mr
Elizabeth Blake his Daughter, and by this Alliance, th
Strength of their Party was fo encreafed, that we hear Ijct
of the other till Mr. Colliton*s Government.

There being fome Complaints againfl Mr. Matthews an
the other Commiflioners for deciding Caufes between tH
Englijh and the Indians, they were difcharged and the Cot
miflion abrogated. The Lords Proprietaries ordered til
Indians 400 Miles from Charles-Town to be taken into the
Protedion.

The County of Berkley between Stono and Seweevizs m\
laid out, and foon after Craven County on the North
Berkley, and Colliten County on the South : All which Couj
ties were divided into Squares of 12000 Acres, for the
veral Shares of the Proprietaries, Landgraves and CaiTiques.

Mr. Moreton at his entring upon his Office called a Pa
liament, which met in Form and paflcd feveral A(9:s- d
For raijing 500 /. for defraying the public k Charge of /]
Province ; for regulating the Surveyor General's Fees :
raifing the lvalue of foreign Coin j for Trial of fmall and med
Caufes under 4.0 s. for Damage of protefied Bills of e\
change; for afcertaining pubHck Officers Fees; tofufpend Pn
fecution for foreign Debts ; to inhabit the trading with Servan
or Slaves j far laying out and making good Highways j fir pr
venting the taking away Boats and Canoos ; for marking of i
Sorts of Cattle ; to prevent unlicenfed Taverns and Punci
Houfes, and afcertaining the Rates and Prices of Wine al
other Liquors; to prevent Runaways, All which Adts we
figned by Jofeph Moreton, Efq; Governor, John Godfn
Efq; John Boon, Efq^ James Moor, Efq; Maurice Matthcu
Efqi Andrew Percivall, Efq; Arthur Middleton, Efq; Coul
fellors and Deputies, and Mr. Jofeph Oldys, Clerk to tj
Parliament. At this Time Robert Gibs, Efqj was Treafu(
of the Colony ; John Moor, Efq; Secretary ; John Bo,
Efq; Robert Daniel, Efq; Mr. Bernard Schinkingh,
Peter Hearn, and Capt. Florence O Sullivan, were appoiii
cd Commidionersfor flatingand paffingthe publick Accoun
Maurice Matthews, Efq; was alfo Surveyor-General. Tl
Trade of dealing in Indians continued, and feveral of tj
Proprietors Deputies were concerned in it : Whether tl
Governor Mr. Moreton favoured it or not, we cannot u|
dertake to determine. *Tis certain he did not long enjoy I
Office: For it appears by the Copies of the original Inftrui^
gas fen( by the Proprietaries to his Succeflbr, that in the fd

lowil

T^he Hijiory of Carolina. 469

mfingYear the Palatine made Sir Richard Kyrle Governor, ^l'' R^^^hari
lewasa Gentleman of Ireland^ and dying within the Year, ^/^J^^';^"'
'isftph Wejiy Efqj was again chofen Governor by the Coun- lofeph
and being a Man of great Intereft, the Proprietaries J^^^' ^Z?'
light fit to confirm him in his Government: But they ''*'*"""^'
med out Maurice Matthews^ E(q; yames Moor^ Efq; and
ihur MiddUtoriy Efij; from being Dep\..ties and Council-
Sj for difobeying their Orders and fending a^/ay Indians,
ey alfo difplaced their Secretary John Moor, Efqj and put
'ukrt ^uurry, Efq; in his Place.

Thus we fee the latter has enjoyed honourable Offices

iny Years in the Jmerican Colonies ; with the Intereft of

lich he muft by this Means be very well acquainted.

In Mr. lFeJi*s fecond Government, the Right Honourable

leLord Cardrojfe removed to Carolina, and with ten Scots

'amilies fettled at Port-Royal, efteemed the moft convenient

lace in this Province for Commerce, as being the beft

t. The Lord Cardrojfe having been difgufted with the

ivemment of the Province, for fome ill Ufage he met

ilh returned to Scotland, and the Spaniards diflodged the

ti who had feated themfelves on that fine River. This

ird was of the Houfe of Buchan, and in King lFilliam*s

eign enjo^'cd the Title of Earl of Buchan.

Diflenters continuing to come hither from all Parts of

'Mlland, the C:' • ' thrived and encreafed in Numbers and

iches.

James CoUitcn, Efq; of Barbados, Brother to Sir Peter
iiton Baronet, a Proprietary, being honoured with the
of Landgrave, left the Ifland he lived in, and tranf-
irted himfelf and Family to Carolina^ where he feated him-
If at old Charles-Town on Cooper KWer, built a handfom
loufe there, and being made Governor, his Seat is to this james Coi-
ly called the Governor's Houfe. Had this Gentleman had lit 'n, Ef^.
much Honour and Capacity as his Brother Sir Peter, we ^''^'"""••
luld have had no Occafion to excufe ourfelves for keeping
the Truth of Hiftory in his Behalf. One of his Suc-
Fors writes in this Manner of his Government : ' The ^r. Arch-
Party Governor Moreton had gone a great Way in fuppref- daiev d--
ling, grew now fo ftrong among the common People, that ^"/^/^
they chofe Members to oppofe whatfoever the Governor
rquefted, infomuch that they would not fettle the Militia
Aa, though their own Security depended on it, and that it
would be Grounds of their farther Strength.' The Reafon
the Difcontent the People lay under, were Difputes about
Tenure of their Lands and Payment of their Quit-Rents,
ich were not fettled till Mr. ArchdaWs Government.

H h 3 Mr.

i -fv

I'"

■I i I

r ■■

.i'i

'■■n

I.. !i

r ^■^!^^

470

^h Hifiory of C^YoWn^,

Mr. CoUiton called a Parliament J. D. KJgy. This,
fembly not liking the Proprietaries Fundamental ConjUtutl^
and thinking they could fupply the Deficiencies in them
pointed a Committee to examine them : And thefc Gent]
men drew up a new Form of Government, differing in m^
Articles from the former, to which they gave the Title
Standing Laws and Temporary Laws. This CommitiL
were James Colli:on, Efqj Governor, Paul Gr'mball, El
and William Dunlopy Efq; Deputies ; Bernard Schinkil
Thomas Smith, John Farr^ and Jofeph Blah, Efqrs- Co]
jnoners. But neither the Lords Proprietaries nor the PeoJ
"^F Carolina accepted of them ; and thus the Fimdamen
Jon/lituiions keep their Ground to this Day.

Mr. CoUiton gave fuch Difcontent in his Adminiftratid
that he was baniflied the Province j a Fate few Dovernl
of Colonies were ever fo unhappy as to meet with.
Thomas Mr. Archdak tells us, Mr. Smith fucceeded Mr. ColxA
^''"'th. £/7iand that he fucceeded Mr. Smith, but then the latter ml
Qovtymr. y^^^^ y^^^^ \.mcz Govemor : For we find feveral other Genf
men who hsd that Title and Office before the Year idj
when Mr. Archdale fays, Governor Smith wrote over to
Proprietaries, toadvifethem to fend one of their Number
Co/. Robert Carolina. For Col. Robert ^arry was Governor about i
?o"7or ^^^^ 16^0. After him Mr. Southwell. And in the
A/r7south- 1692., Col. Philip Ludwellhe\dthk Governtncm. Inwli
well Cover- it is certain, he was fucceeded by the ?^bove -mentioned
fnas Smith, Efq; Landgrave of this Province.

We are not doubtful of any Error in this Order of the
yernors except in Mr. SouthwelPsy our Informations hav|
been uncertain as to him.

* Mr. Smith, fays Mr. Archdale, was a wife, fober, wj
' living Man, who grew fo uneafy in the Governmentj

* Reafon he could not fatisfy People in their Demands,

* he wrote over Anno 169^, It was impojfible to fettle
' Country, except a Proprietary himfelf was fent thither
■^ full Power to hear their Grievances.* The Proprietaj
took Governor Swith's Letter into Confideration, and
Lord Ajhley was pitched upon by all the Lords as a PfiH
every Way qualified for fo good a Work, but he defired
be excufed on Account of his particular Affairs in Engld
Upon which Mr. Archdale was chofen by the Proprietaij
to be fent over with large and ample Powers. Which hav
received, he embarked and failed to Carolina. When
arrived and entered upon the Government in Auguji it
he found all Matters in great ConfuUon, and every M
applied chemfelves to him in Hopes of Relief. In orde^

• wh

7iur

Cn!. Philip

I.udwell

iji"icrnor,

Thomas

•■rnirb, Ejq

f}ovf nor.

J"hn Arch
d le, Efyi
Guvernor,

Tloe Hiftory of Carolina.

yhich he fummoned an AfTembly, and made a kind Speech
them. The Parliament chofe Jonathan Jtnary^ Efq^ to
h their Speaker, and having prefented a dutiful Addrefs to
lihe Governor, proceeded to do Bufinefs. But the Divifions
Dong them were fo great, that had not Mr. ArchdaU ex-
brcifed a great deal of Patience, neither his Power as Go-
lernor, nor his higher Title of Proprietary could have
Irought that Aflembly to any Temper, which he at Jail
pected, and the Diforders of the Province were remedied.

The Parliament prefented an Addrefs of Thanks to the
iGovernor to be tranfmitted to the Proprietaries, and all
pings ended well. In his Time the lar.incfees an Indian
fction, who formerly lived under the Spariijh Government
Ijnd now under the Englijh^ made an Incurfion into the Ter-
|ritories of another Indian Nation near SanHa Maria, not
&; from St. Augujiino, took feveral Prifoners, snd intended
[0 fell them for Slaves at Barbados or Jamaica, as had been
lufual anong thera. Mr. Archdale hearing of it fent for the
JKing o' the Tammafees, and ordered him to bring thofe
Xldians to Charies-Town, which be did. They were Papifts,
lind the Kings of England and Spain being at that Time Con-
Ifederates, the Governor gave* the King of the Tammafees Or-
Ida's to carry them to St. Augujiino, with a Letter to the Go-
Ivernor, which may ferve to give us an Idea of the Power of
Iso Indian ICing, who receives Orders from a Governor of a
Ifmall Province, as Carolina was then at leafl; whatever it is
loovv.

The Spaniard who commanded in St. Augujiino returned
iMr. Archdale a Letter of Thanks, and not long after another
|M<7« King was fent by the Spanijh Governor, with a Let-
Iterof Complaint, of Wrong done the ^^n/y^/W/Wi by thofe
(iHied to the Englijh.

The Spanijh Indians were called Churchcates, of whom
I the Apalachicoloes, Englijh Indians, had killed three. The
IGovernor commanded that Nation and all others depending
Ion the Englijh, to forbear molefting thf)fe within the Spanijh
Ijurifdidion i which had fo good an Effect, that when Mr,
mbert Barrow, Mr. Edward JVardell, and other Englijh-
\m, were afterwan'i caft away to the Southward of Augufti-.
L, the barbarous Indians offered them no Hurt -, and when
Itbey arrived at that Town, the Governor fupplied them with
lallNecefraries.

Col. Bull, one of the Council and a great Trader with
llhe Indians, engaged jthat Nation which dwelt about Cape
mar to fubmit to the Englijh, who however were afraid to
Imiftthenj; for z Veflel coming from New-J^nglfind being

H h 4. ihip-

471

!i:!l

4m;

S i

47;? 7Z)^ Hiftory of Carolina.

ihipwrcckcd on that Coaft, the Paflengcrs to the Number ol
^a dcfpaircdof their Lives from thofe Barbarians, but refolvl
cd to defend themfclves as well as they could : Accordingl]
they entrenched in their little Camp. The Indians cami
down, and by Signs of Fnendfhip invited them to coml
forth, which they were afraid to do. At laft when their Pre
vifions wjere almoft all fpent, fome of them ventured ouiL
were kindly received and furniOied by the Indians with Nel
ccffarics. The King invited them to his Town, treated
them, and four or five of them travelling to CharUs-Tmn
gave the Governor Notice of their Misfortunes; whjci
hearing he fenta Ship to fetch the reft, and they arrived fafel]
at the Capital of Carolina.

In ^'^r. ArchdaUs Time, two Indians quarrelling in thei|
drin'i ;, one of them prefenily killed the other, who(i
Wife ocmg by immediately diftnembered the Murderer to re
venge her Husband's Death, cutting off his Privities with
Knife. The Governor happening to be near the PlacJ
where the Murder was committed, ordered the Criminal tj
be purfued. He was taken in a Swamp about i() Miles fror
the Town, to which he was fent under a Guard. The Nal
tion to whom the Qain Indian belonged, hearing of hi
Death, their King came to Mr. AnhdaU and defired JuftiJ
upon the Murderer. Some of whofe Friends would havj
bought him off as ufual, but nothing lefs than his DeatH
would fatisfy the injured Nation ^ and according to the CuJ
torn of his own Country, the Governor ordered him to bj
iliot by the Kinfman of the Deceafed. Ashe was leading
Execution his King came to him, and bid him die like a Mu^
fince he mvji die, adding, he had often forewarned him of Run
Che Liquor which he was drunk with when be killed th|
Man, and now he muji lofe his Life for not taking his Com^d\
When he came to the Tree, he defired not to be tied c(|
it but to ftand loofc, faying, I will not Jlir when hejhoots mi
So he was (hot in the Head and fell down dead.

This Piece of Juftice hindered a War between the NaJ
tions to which thefe two Indians beloriged. The Indians in]
habiting the Country about the River Pemlico, were almoll
all confumed by a peftilential Difeafe while this Governoj
was in CaroHha ; and the Coranines, a bloody and harbaml
Pecple^ were moft of them cut off hy a neighbouring Nation, j
In his Time feveral Families removed from New-Englani
to fettle at Carolina, and feated themfelves on the RiveJ
Sewee in North Carolina. Thefe «re all the Events whicll
happened during Mr. ArchdaU% Government, at leaft h^
^as thought fit to communicate no more to th&Publick, and

Tbe Hijiory of C^LToVma, 473

jinconfiderable as they may appear to forae Perfons who are
ffed to turn over the Grecian and Roman Hiftories, if they
mill give themfelves the Trouble to examine the Affairs of
Ibefe two Empires, they will find them as trivial in the Be-
ginning at leaft, if they can diftinguifh the HIJiory from the

We cannot expect much Bttfinefs in the Infancy of a
fcoiony, and yet Carolina is not fo young, but Fadions have
Icen as rampant there, as if the People had been made wan-
[OD by many Ages of Profperity.

Mr. ArchdaUy to ufe his own Phrafe, Returned for En-
jljnd, being not fent for Home. And Jofeph Blake^ Efq; Jofeph
|Son or the before-mentioned Mr. Blake being become a Pro- civmiof
Iprietary, was looked upon as the fitteft Per ion to fucceed him
|in his Government, in which Office he behaved himfelf to
libe Satisfadtion of the Country, which he governed with
qual Prudence and Moderation.

I In h's Time Major Daniel brought from England new
Conftitutions, confifting of 41 Articles, wherein as ample
provilion was made for Liberty of Confcience, as in the fun-
damental Conftitutions. Thefe new Laws were called the
lad Fundamental ConJiitutionSy and figned by John Earl of f^hn Earl
\hth. Palatine; Anthony Lord A/l)/ey, the Lord Cra^ien, the "/ Bath p*-
kord Carteret^ the Earl of Bath, Sir John Colli ton, miliam^'*'""'
nhornburgh Merchant, Thomas Amy and pyill'mm Thorn-
Uurgh-^ but they were never [confirmed in Parliament at
iCarolina.

Mr. Blake, though he was himfelf a DilTenter, finding there
I was no fettled Maintenance for the Church of England Mi~
nifter, procured an AO: of Aflfembly (iri which there were a
great Number of Diflenters) for the fettling a very convenient
Houfe with a Glebe, two Servants, and 150 /. per Annum up-
on the Minifter of Charles-Town for ever. 'Twas by his
Infitience that Ad paft, and he gave his Aflent to it ; he as
Governor, having a negative Voice to all Bills. His Lady
alio was one of the greateft Benefadors towards the Ornaments
of the Church. And this Friendftiip deferved a more grate-
fill Return than they met with from thofe who fucceeded in
the Government.

Mr. Blake dying about the Year 1700, after he had been
Governor four or five Years, the Proprietaries Deputies met
according to their Inftrudions in fuch Cafes, and proceeded
to the Eiedion of a new Governor ; which Poft is generally
conferred on the eldeft Landgrave if there*s no Objedion to
him, and no Perfon fent from England with that Charader.

* Jofeph

4 ■'' !<'

„>■ *='■■
|! H

p '. I

t'l ■ I : • i
Li' ■'' v

I !^^

' K 'I

.n" :

,' I

/, li'l

r i.

llilii

: 1 ' III

474

vemort

The Hijlory of Carolina.

yofeph Moretoriy Efq; being the elded Landgrave wa
cle(5led Governor by the Deputies j but Capt. Jamti Alosr
one of thefe Deputies, knowing the Party he had amonl
them objeded againft Mr. Moreton, as if he had tnadc
Breach of theTruft repofed in hira by the true and abfoluti
Lords and Proprietaries, by accepting of a CommiflTion fror
King IVilliam to be Judge of rfie Admiralty, when he had a|
the lame Time a Commiilion from the Lords Proprietarie
for the fame Office.

Though this Objeftion was anfwered by Mr. Mortionl
i'riends, 'That it did not appear by the Charter^ the Proprietariei
can impower any one to try Perfons for FaSis committedout of the'A
Dominions, which is nece[fary for fuch a fudge ^ and iheProl
prietaries could not grant it ^ yet fuch was Mr. Moorh Inte]
reft, that on this his Objection Mr. Moreton was fet afide, and
iioi gJ" his Opponent Mr. Moor chofen Governor. Mr. Moreton in^
formed and complained to the Proprietaries, but was nevej
redrefled.

From this Election I date the Rife of all the MisfortuneJ
that have fince befallen this Colony, and that have given the
Government of England fo much Trouble.

The Earl of Bath was dead, and his Son fohn Lord
Granville lately advanced to the Houfe of Peers, was Pala-^
tine. All the World knew how zealous that Gentleman had
been for promoting a Bill againft occafional Confbrmifts ir
England^ and that he (hewed his Averfion to Diflenters ever
in the Court of Stannaries in the Pl^eji while he was WardenJ
The Bitternefs of his Spirit appeared in the Speeches he made
to the Reprcfentatives of that Court, and was fuch that he
was not long employed by a Government, which is foundedl
on Principles of Juftice and Moderation ; which has in alll
Things promoted Union, and which has united the Hearts!
of all the Subje(Sts of the Britijh Empire more than all the!
Princes couia do lince the Conquefi^ and many Ages before it.l

In an ill Time therefore did this Palatine countenance!
the DiviGons in Carolina, by encouraging this and the fuc-
cesding Governor in their vain Endeavours to eftablifli that!
(for a Law there, which had been rejedted with fuch Marks |
of Abhorrence in England by our Illujirious Reprefentativeu

Mr. Moor was eafily confirmed in his new Dignity by the I
Palatine, and as he is (aid to have fought after it to enrich
himfelf, fo he made Ufe of it to that End, he being in mean {
Circumftances, if the Reprefentation of the principal In-
habitancis ot the Colony does not deceive us.

Let us give the Reader the proper Words, that we may not I
be accufed of Partiality, which we deteft in alllThings that|

I hurt!

John Lord

Cranv He
laLitinc»

TJ:e Htjlory of Carolina. 475

Ijiurt the Truth. But we know very well that Faction will
often accufe Fa<ft of Partiality ^ and an Hiftoiian may write
Things true, and yet by writing the Truth only of one Side,
Ld concealing what is to its Difadvantage, it may give a
plaufible Appearance to a bad Caufe; wherefore we folcmnly
declare, that after a full Enquiry we have not been able to
learn any Thing that could excufe the Diforders we are about
to relate, and vindicate the Adminiftration in Carolina while
the Lord Granville was Palatine. Whether that Lord or his
I Governors ought to be blamed moft, let the World judge.

Mr. Moor^ fays the Author of the above-mentioned Re- f"/"' "/ ^'^•
prcfentation, having thus boldly gotten the Government, re- Ifo.^jo. ^*
Iblvcd to make thebeftufe of his Authority, and finding him-
felf too poor with the Countenance of his OflSce to make
any confiderable Profit of the Indian Trade, he laid the De-
lign of getting it wholly into his Power. He to that End pro-
cured a Bill to be brought into the Aflembly then fitting, for
regulating the Indian Trade : Which Bill was fo drawn, that
bad it paired he would have engrofled all that beneficial Com-
merce. But Mr. Robert Stephens^ and Mr. Nicholas Trott
(who had not then forfakcn the Country Intereft) and fome
others, fo plainly fliewcd the ill Aim of that A(5t, that it was
thrown out of the AfiTembly : Which Mr. Moor diflblved,
perceiving they would not anfwer his Ends.

We do not think ourfelves obliged to keep to the Words of
this Reprefentation which are too rough in fome Places, but
we keep religioufly to the Senfe; and having referred the Rea-
der in the Margin to our Authority, he cannot fuppofc wc
endeavour to impofe on him.

The Governor called a new Aflembly about the latter End
of the Year 1701. At the choofmg of which, though the
Right of elcdting be in the Freeholders only, be fo influenced
the Sheriffs that Strangers^ Servants^ Aliens^ nay Malatoes
and Negroes, were polled and returned.

Such as at the Place of Eledion oppofed thefe Praflices
were abufed, and fome aflaultcd by Mr. Moor's Favourites,
By this Means having got feveral into the AfTembly, Men of
no Senfe and Credit, who would vote as he would have them,
he there kept them from being thrown out, on the Petition
of thofe who were unjuftly excluded,

CoUiton County fent a Reprefentation againft him to the
Palatine, containing in Subftance the fame as that we have
fpokcn of before, therefore we cannot fufpedt the Truth of
it.

When the Governor was afraid any of the Members he i^'J- ?• ? v
was fure was in his Incerell would be turned out on Petitions,

■■r 'I

i ■ ■;'

<;!.!

1^' ■■';, :

Mi'

!' i'l

476

p. 35.

Ibid.

Coil.C unty
Rtf'.Art.t^

72)e Hijlory of Carolina.

he prorogued the Aflcmbly ; and when at laft they were fuf
fcr'd to fir, the Enquiry into the Sheriff of Berkley County*;
Return was obftruded, by fetting on foot an ill- contrived
Defign of raifing Forces to attack St. Augufiim^ a Fore beJ
longing to the Spaniardsy to the Southward of Carolina, \i,
any Member of the Aflembly undertook to fpeak againft jtl
and to fliew how unable the Province was at that time tol
undertake fuch an Expedition, he was prefently look'd upo J
by him and his Adherents as an Enemy and Traitor to his!
Councry, and accordingly reviled and affronted j though tbel
true Defign of the Expedition, as the Reprefentation frotnl
CoUiton County tells us, was no other than catching and mak\
ing Slaves «/* Indians, for private Advantage. He would have!
had this Military Enterprize been underm'cen before the War
with Spain Was proclaimed j but the AlTembly carried that
in the Negative.

Before we treat of this Expedition, we muft obferve
what paft farther in the AfTembly. Mr. John AJh^ one of
the Members, propofcd to have the L/l Fundamental Conjli. \
tutions, which Mr. J[)^w/V/ brought over, confirmed; but he
was oppofed by Mr. Trott and Mr. How, the Governor's I
Creatures. j

This Mr. Trott had himfelf been Governor of Providence
and behaved himfelf fo arbitrarily, that he was complained of I
to Km^lVilliam fome Years before. Trott and How expofed
the Conftitutions as ridiculous, and the Country was thus
left in an unfettied Condition.

There's one Article in this Reprefentation which is very
extraordinary: That the /aid late Governor Moor did grant
Commijfions to Anthony Dodfworth, Robert Mackoone, and
ctherSy to fet upon^ ajfault, kill^ dejlroy^ and take as many In-
dians as they pojftbly coulJ'y the Profit and Produce of which In-
dian Slaves were turned to his private Vfe. Whereas fuch
Undertakings^ unjujl and barbarous in themfelvesy will in all
Probability draw upon us an Indian IVar.

We have faid enough to give an Idea of the Condition
the People of Carolina were in under fuch a Government,
and have taken it all from Memorials prefented by their A-
gents to the Lords Proprietaries. The next thing that comes
in our way is the War of Augujiino.

Two thoufand Pounds were raifed by an Ad of the Af-
fembly, to defray the Charge of this Expedition. The Go-
vernor preft as many Merchant Ships as were necefTary to
tranfport the Troops he intended to embark, who were or-
der 'd to rendezvous at Port- Royal,

The

The Hijlory of Carolina.

The Number of Men that were lifted for this Enterprize
Lere 1200, 600 Engl'tjh^ and 600 Indians^ Col. Moor took
(he Command en himfelf, as General of all the Forces that
lliould be raifed within the Limits of his Government.

Col. Robert Daniel, a very brave Man, commanded a
Party who were to go up the River in Periagas, and come
upon Augujlino on the Land Side, while the Governor failed
thither and attack'd it by Sea. They both fet out in AuguJ}^
\101. Col. Daniel, in his way, took St. John's, a fmall
Ifanijh Settlement ; as alfo St. Mary\ another little Village
belonging to the Spimiards. After which he proceeded to
iugujlino, came befo*"'^ the Town, enter'd and took it j
Col. Moor not being yet arrived with the Fleet.

The Inhabitants having Notice of the Approach of the
In^lijh, had pack'd up their beft Effeds, and retired with
them into the Caftle^ which was furrounded by a very deep
ind broad Moat.

They had laid up Provifions there for four Months, and
refolved to defend themfelves to the laft Extremity : How-
ever, Col. Daniel fonnd a coniiderable Booty in the Town.
The next Day the Governor arrived, and a Council of War
i^s immediately call'd, in which 'twas refolved tu land.

Accordingly the Governor came afliore, and, his Troops
following him, they cntrench'd, poftcd their Guards in the
Chjrch, and block'd up the Caftle. The Englijh held the
Poireffion of the Town a whole Month ; but finding they
could do nothing for want of Mortars and Bombs, they
(jifpatch'd away a Sloop for 'Jamaica \ but the Commander
of the Sloop, inllcad of going thither, came to Cardinal
out of Fear or Treachery. Finding others offered to go
in his. Stead, he proceeded in the Voyage himfelf, after he
had lain ^jme time at Charles-Town,

The Governor all this while lay before the Caftle of Au-
ujlino, in Expectation of the Return of the Sloop j which
hearing nothing of, he fent Col. Daniel^ who was the Life
of the Adion, to Jamaica, on the fame Errand.

This Gentleman being hearty in the Defign, procured a
Supply of Bombs, and returned 'towards Augujlino ; but in
the mean time two Ships appeared in the Offing, which being
taken to be very large Men of War, the Governor thought
lit to raife the Siege, an.i abandon his Ships, with a great
Quantity of Stores, Ammunition and Provifion, to the Ene-
my. Upon which, the two Men of War enter'd the Port
of Augujlino, and took the Governor's Ships. Some fay he
burnt them himfelf. Certain it is they were lolt to the
Englijh, and th»t he returned to Charhs Town over Land,

300

477

!"'

)

|.li V

4,,i

'fjl'

478 ^Je Hijlory of Carolina.

3 CO Miles from Aimiji'mo. '1 he two Men of War that
were thought to be fo large, proved to be two fmall Frigats
one of 22, and the other of 16 Guns.

When Col. Daniel came back to Augujllm^ he was chas'd
but got away j and Col. Moor retreated with no great Honour I
homewards. The Per iagas lay at St. Johns, whither the
Governor retired, and fo to Char/tj-Town, having lo!t
but two Men in the whole Expedition. Arratommakaw
King of the Taniofeaves, who commanded the Indians^ re-
treated to the Piriagas with the reft, and there flept upon
his Oars, with a great deal of Bravery and Unconcern. 'J "he!
Governor's Soldiers taking a falfc Alarm, and thinking the
Spaniards were coming, did not like this flow Pace of the
Indian King in his Flight, and to quicken him in it, bad
him make more Hafte: But he reply'd, No^ though your Go-
vcrnor leaves you, I will not ftir till I have Icen all my
Men before me.
lb. ^ jo* The firft Reprefentation, call'd alfo the prefent State of\
Jffain in Carolina, refleds a little too bitterly on Col. Aloor
on this Head ; and one would fufpedt the Truth of what ic
contains.^ if it was not confirmed by the fecond. We arc
told there, They fent Plunder to Jamaica by their trujiy Of.
ficen, under Colour of feeking Supplies, and fending for Bombs
and Mortars. Which is a malicious Turn given by Col.
Moor^s Enemies to Col. Daniers going to Jamaica^ who,
by the Difpatch he made there, (hewed he went really for
Mortars; and had the Governor (laid till he had returned,
the Caftle of Auguflino had perhaps now been in Euglijh
Hands ; for the Spaniards had not above 200 Men aboard
the two Frigates. This Expedition, as unfortunate as it
was in itfelf, was much more fo in the Confequence of it •
for it brought a Debt of 6000 /. on the Province. The Af-
fembly had been under a Prorogation during the Governor's
Abfence, and when he returned they met. The firft thing
they went upon, was to raife Money, to pay off the Debt
above-mentioned, and then they took into Confideration the
Danger of the Country, as it lay expofed to the Southward.
But while thefe Bills were palfing, another, for the better
regulating Eleftions, pafs*d the Igwer Houfe twice, and was
fent up to the Governor and Council, by whom *twas re-
SeetheRf jedled without fo much as a Conference. Upoi> which,
frefentation feveral of the Members, jealous of their Privileges, and be-
*{rf ,/ coT . ^"g ^° ordered by thofe that fent them, enter'd their Pro-
iituii Cmnty. teftation, and left the Houfe ; but returned the next Day,
offering to fit longer, if the reft of the Aflembly would
join with them in aflerting their Right. The whole Afl'embly

conlHtt

Tiji' Hiftory of Carolina. 479

iiis of but 30 Members, and 1 5 of them protefted a-
nft the irregular Proceedings of the Governor. Inftead

tempering Matters, when they returned to the Houfe,
ty were abufed and treated with the moft fcandalous Rc-
[citions, unbecoming an AfTembly that reprefcnted a whole
ovince. And as they were infultcd within Doors, they
fcrc atfaulted without -, for a Day or two after, Licutenant-
lolonel George Dcarsby drew his Sword upon Thomas Smithy
fq- a Landgrave, and once Governor of the Colony, threat-
ling his Life. John Ajh^ Efqj a Member of the AfTembly,
as not only abufed in the Streets, by a Company of drunken
cllows, but forced aboard a Ship belonging to Capt. Rhett^

threatned to be hang'd, or fent to Jamaica, or left on
tnedefert Tfland. This Mr. jljh is the Man who was cm-
as Agent for the People of Carolina^ to reprefenc their
[(jrievances in the firft Memorial, call'd the prefent State of
fairs in Carolina; and the Perfons who thus barbaroufly
ireated him, were George Dearsby, Nicholas Nary, Thomas
\j)alton, and others, whom, fays the Reprefentation of Coi-
pn County, Article XI, the Governor had treated immedic i-
^jhefo" the Riot began, and ufed J'uch Exprcjftons to them, as
\m]i them, next their Drink, the greate/i Encouragements for
^hatthey a5led; telling them, The protejiing Members wouL^-'i^'
Iring the People on their Heads, jor negteSfing to pay thi
Cmniry*s Debts. After the Riot began, of Part of which he
0S an Eye-witnefs, having firjl drank withfome of them, he
^lihdretv himfelf out of the way. This Riot coptinued four
or five Days ; and Edmund Bellinger, Efijj a Landgrave,
md Jufticc of Peace, attempting to fupprefs ir, was call'd
opprobrious Names by the Rioters, and Rhett can'd him for a
confiderable time. The Rioters aflaulted Mr. Jofeph Boon, a
Merchant, deputed by Colliton County, to prefent the a-
bovc-mention'd fecond Reprefentation to the Palatine and
Lords Proprietaries, and put him in Danger and Fear of
Ills Life, without any Provocation. The ^me they did by
W.James Byres, who, with the reft, complained to the Gover-
nor; and receiving no Satisfadtion, they ask'd him, "'hether
he did not look on himfelf, as Governor, obliged ; ♦ keep
the Peace of the Province } The Governor reply'd, That's
a '^ic/iion I am not obliged to anjwer. He told them, *twas
ajuftice of Peace's Bulmefs.

The Rioters wertt one Night to the Hcule of one John
hith^ 2l Butcher in Carles-Town, and forcing open the
Door, threw down a Woman big with Child, and other-
wife tnifuling her, (he brought forth a dead Child, with the
Back and Skull broken. Thefe Inftances are enough to

fhew

I
i

V I

1 1-

.■■'^^^ i

480

Cafe ofDif.
in Car- 15.,

Sir Nath.
Johnfon

Governor,

^he Hijiory of Carolina.

fhew any Man the Temper of this Governor and his Partv,
who were the fame that Hickled fo mucl^ for the unhappl
Bill wfc mull fpeak of in the Sequel of this Hifliory. Whj
folio w'd upon this Riot, is told us in a lateTradt, which
lliall make ufe of in the Author^s own Words, ^' As thj
*' Riot was raifcd, encouraged, and countenanced by tJ
*' faid Governor and Council ; and as no Alliilance could
*' be obtained to quell it, fo all Methods to enquire intd
" and punifli it, have been render'd ineffedtual, and cm
'* Courfe of Juftice intirely Hop'd. For Sir Nathaniel Joh}
" fon was made Governor in, the Room of the faid Mw
'* The faid Governor Moor was prefently made Attorneyj
" General; and Mr. 7^fl/^ another of the chief Abcctorl
of the Riot, the Chief Jultice of the Common Pleas, whq
in this Province, is fole Judge. Sir Nathaniel JohnM
was General of the Leeward IJlqnds^ in the Reign of thJ
late King James ; but he quieted his Government upofl
*' the Revolution, and retired tp Carolina, where he lived
privately till the Death of the late King y<?»z^j. UpoJ
vi'hich, he firft took the Oaths to the Government, anl
fome time after, was made Qovernor of the Province!
And he has, fince his being Governor, appointed fuel
SheriS', as prevent all Profequtions of this Riot at thei]
Affixes or Quarter Seffions (which are the only Courts 0)
** Juftice in this Province) where Crimes of this Nature can
** be tried, and where the faid Mr. trott is fole Judge, bj
** returning iiich Jurors as were known Abettors of thd
" faid Riot ; fo that there is a total Failure of Juftice, and
** nothing but Corruption in the whole Frame and Adtnini]
'* ftration of Government. ]

Colliton County Reprefentation tells us particularly, thaj
Mr. BuUhger did what in him lay to have the faid Riot en]
quired into. He gave in the Record of it to the BcnchJ
and fome of the Grand Jury urged to have it prefented, bul
to no purpole. The firft Reprefentation informs us, ihaa
the Grand Jury prefented it to the Court as a great GrievJ
ance, that the Riot was not look'd into, and the Rioters proJ
fccuted ; yet no Juftice againft them could be obtained, thej
Judge giving for Anfvver, 'Twas before the Council, his Sw
periors. The prefent Governor, "That it was an Adion don\
before his coming to the Government ; that he thought the iim
cf Profecution lapsed, hut would take Care the likejhcidd kni

<(
cc

more.

D>. f. 20.

This Anfwer j)ad, in the laft Part of it, a Face of Mode-j
ration ; and fuch an Air was neceflary, becaufe an Affcmbly
was about being eledted. The Conjpirators^ as my Authoi|

tern

lie HiJIory £/' Carolina.

IDS them, fav^ that a new. Parliament might fet all things
[rights again 'y and therefore when the time of a new Eleiiion
L/, which^ according to their Conjlitution, is once in two
\0iy they refohed to procure a Commons Houfe of Ajfemhly
\ the fame Complexion with the former, and by more illegal
Uaicesy if thcfe they had ufed in the former Ele£fions
yid not do their Bufmefs. Their Deftgns took Effect, and
^ a Commons Houfe of AJfembly was returned:^ as fully an^
Wd their ExpcSiations.

|The firft Reprefentation brought over by Mr. Ajh in-
DS us, That at the EleSfion for Berkley and Craven Coun-
b(, the Violence in Mr. Moor'j time^ and all other illegal
mliices, were with more Violence repeaied, and openly O"
yd by the prefeht Governor.^ and his Friends.
The fecond Reprefentation adds, Jews, Strangers, Sailors^
vants, Negroes, and almajl every Frenchman in Craven
Berkley Counties, came down to eleSi^ and their Votes
irt taken, and the Perfons by them voted for, were returned
Vhe Sheriffs.

I The Aflembly meeting, chofe Job Hovj, Efq; to be their

taker; and this was that Parliament, who, to opprefs the

oteftant Diffencers, brought in a Bill contrary to the firft

d laft Fundamental Conftirutions, to the true Intereft of

eColony, and the Right of every Freeholder there. *Twas

bled, Jn ASt for the more effe^ual Prefervation of the Go-

jenmenf, by requiring all Perfons thai ftjall hereafter he

mn Members of the Commons Houfe of /fffemhly, and ft in

\^ame, to &c. and to conform to the religious IVorfhip in

)k?rovince, according to the Church of England, and to

\m the Sacrament of the Lord*s Supper according to the

m and Ufage of the f aid Church.

Every Diflfenter that was turned out of the Houfe, by
Ue of this A(St, made Room for the moft bigotted of the
[Kftion to get in -, for it provided, that the Perfon who had
tmoft Votes next to fuch DilTemer fhould be admitted
his Place; 'and thofe that oppofed the Diffenters being
merally, according to the before-menrion'd Author, Men
^violent and perfecuting Principles, the Faction fecured the
vetin their own Hands.
I There were la Members for this Bill, and ii againft it,
Ithe lower Houfe; and in the upp<ir, Jofph Moreton, Efq^
JLandgrave, and one of the Proprietaries Deputies, was de-
the Liberty of entring his Proteft againft it. The Bill
the dth of May, A. D. 1 704, and was figned by Sir
mantel Johnfon^ Coi. Thomas Broughton, Gol. James
V \ . : , \i . Motr^

4S1

^m M

I |l:

'ir,r

1 1

't, iv

482

^e Hijiory 0/ Carolina.

Moor^ Robert Gibbsy Efq; Henry NMe^ Elq; IJich^
Trotty Efqi

The Governor and Proprietaries Deputies, upon paflJii
this Adt, alarm'd all the Diflenters, who, according to d
orthodox Minifter of Charles fown, the Reverend Mr. MA
cdt of Dijf. jigj^i^ Letter to the Reverend Dr. Stanhope, are the foberd
' ^' ^"' moji numerous^ and richeji People of this Province j and tH
AlTembly was compofed of many Men of very loefe and col
rupt Morals. 1

We have fliewn, in the Beginning of the Hiftory of c\
rolina, that by the Fundamentalsof the Province, the DiffH
ters could notJie juftly excluded from any Rigb.k^oftl
Members of it; we have (hewn here what a for^ of Co
vention, and by what Government countenanced, this.,
fembly was; and there's no need of exaggerating Matters, J
make the thing look black, wherefore we ihall proceed ;
our Hiftory.

It cannot be imagined, that a People who had been u{
fo ill, would fit ftill and tamely bear fuch barbarous Ufag
cfpecially confidering thofe that were concern'd in the M
were Ibmc of the worft, and thofe that fufFer'd by it, foj
of the beft Men in the Province.

Col. Jofeph Moreton and Edmund Bellinger, Efq; La
graves, and Deputies of the Lords Proprietaries, all the
tner Members of Colliton County, and feveral of the greatJ
Worth and Reputation in Berkley County, prevailed
Mr. Jofeph Ajh to come for England, to reprefent the mij
rable State of the Province to the Proprietaries.

The Fadtion being apprehenfive of their Danger in U
a Proceeding, did their utmoft to prevent Mr. y^'s Voya
and 'twas not without the greateft Difficulty that he got av
from Carolina to Virginia, where his Powers and Inftrudtio
were conveyed to him, as Agent for the Gentlemen and
habitants above-named.

Ccciing ro England, he applied himfelf to the Lo
Granville, then Proprietary of the Province ; but finding I
was entirely in the Interefts of the prevailing Party in Ca\
Una, he defpaired of feeing the Grievances he came to cod
plain of redrefs'd, he therefore drew up the firft Reprefenj
don, c ^ten cited in this Treatife, printed a Sheet of it, i
intended to go through with it; but died before he cou
finiHi it, and his Papers, after bis Death, were betray'd iij
his Enemies Hands. j

How this Agency was liked in Carolina, we may fuppoj
and that the Author of the Cafe of the Diffenttrs in CaroIi(
ck^es QOC impofc upon us, in telling us, Th$ Govermr

rvuince : and th

^e Hijiory of Carolina.

\\dgtnts profecuted and infulud feveral of the InhahltantSt
^particularly Landgrave Smith, on the Account offomepri'
jt Letters which they fent to the /aid Afli, while he was
I Virginia and England, and which were found amon^ the
pipers betray* d to the Governor* s Jgents.
yix. Aft) may probably reprefenc Things with too much ^tft-of
tialiiy, efpecially if what Mr. Archdak fays of him be^"'^**^'
[ij5j Their firft Agent feenCd not a Perfon fuitably qualified
rtprefent their State here., not that he wanted IVit, but

\Vhat Share the Governor had in this Bufinefs, appears

Ifo in the faitie Trad. Sir Nathaniel Johnfon, by a Chy- p. 23.

licai Wit, Zeal and Art, tranfmuted or turned this civil
brence into a religious Controverfy j and fo fetting up

[Standard for thofe call'd High Church, ventured at all to

klude all Diffenters out of the Affembly, as being thofe

[fincipally that were for a ftrid Examination into the Grounds
Caufes of the Mifcarriage of the Augujiino Expedition.

I The Party did not flop here j for on the 4th of November
I A6t paft, and was fign'd by the Governor, and the De-

uties above named, entitled, An A£i for ejlablijhing reli^

[iw Worjhip in this Province^ according to the Church of
jland j and for the ere^ing of Churches for the publick P. 24.

fsrjhip of Gody and alfo for the Maintenance of Minijiers^

fi the building convenient Hrujesfor them.
Which Adt Mr. Archdale acquaints us, notwithftanding its

pendid Glofs, favour'd of a perfecuting Spirit, and of a

^ughty Dominion over the Clergy itfelf ^ for they fet up 3
igh Commiffion Court, giving them Power to place and
j)lace Minifters, and adt much in the Nature of the High
bmmifnon Court ereded by King Jatnes II. in England.
kfe Comraiflibners were Sir Nathaniel Johnfon^ Thomas

^m^kion, Efqi Coi. fames Moor, Nicholas Trott^ Efq;
i Robert Gibbes, Job Hm, Efq; Ralph Izard, Efq^ Col.

Wmts Risbeey Col. Geargi Logan^ Lieurenant-Colonel IVtl-
Rhett, If^tlliam Smithy Efq; Mr. John Stfoitde^ Mr.
mas Hubbard^ Richard Hereford^ Efq^ Mr. Robert Sea-
vk, Mr. Hugh Hicks, John Aji.byy Efq; Capt. John God-

\{jy James Serurier^ alias, Smithy Efq^ and Mr. Thomas

wrton.

It will not be improper to give a Charafter* of this James
mitTy who has been mightily employed by the prefent
ovemment m Carolina j and we cannot do it better than
luling the Ikmt; Words Mrs. Wakcy Mother df the Proprie-
% J'^fiP^ Blake, Efq; Writes to the Lords Proprietaries.

\wards tbt Sadsf action of the Auguftino Dtbi^ an A£l wai

I i 2 £ontrivtd

p.::

fi . ..■■'•

■4

I^>

. il

*>, 1

i. :.^

f " 1 ■ VI

?■:;

CafeofDlJf.
Cat. />'23.

Hje Hiflory of Carolina.

contrived for forcing the Currency of Bills of Credit to th
Value of 6000 1. Thefe Bills were declared current in
Payrnents^ and the Refufer of them fuenhle in double the ri
lue of the Sum refufca\ whereby the holdeji Stroke has hA
given' to the Property of the Settlers in this Province^ thi
ever^ was known in any Country not governed by arbitral
Power. And the bad Confequences of this forced Currency
relation to Trade with Strangers^ are fo great^ that they J
fcarcely be exprefCd. But there has nothing of this bd
weighed by yettr Lordjhips Deputies here^ or by the ^ac\
Mtmbers of our Commons Houje of Affembly. Befides all th\
the People are not faiisfy*d how many Bills are truly fent abroa
and the great Concern Mr, James Smith, alias Serurier (wl
cheated the Sc >ts Company of a confiderable Sum of Money ^ A
with his Kee-m- made his Ef cape from London hither) had
this Contrnan *', gives a Jeatoufy of indireSi P radices.
this the Reader underftands what Inconveniencies the A\
gujiino Expedition brought upon the Colony, and what fq
of Perfons were Promoters of this occafional Bill in An
But to fliew that thisFadion in the AflTembly had nJ

rica.

Seeb's Letter
to Dr. Stan
hope, Part
2. p. 57'

P. 6a.

p. 63.

thing lefs in their View, than the real Advancement of
ligion, and the Church of England, the Reverend Mr. Ei
ward Marfhny Minifter of that Church in Charles Towl
was cenfured by them, for three Paflagcs of a Scrnii
preach'd there by him, two of which Paflagcs were not
the faid Sermon, and that which Was, amounted to no moj
than that the Clergy had a Divine Right to a Maintenan
They deprived him of his Salary fetded on him by Ad
Parliament, and of 50/. befides, due to him by an Adt
Aflembly j tho' the chief Reafon was his having vifited
Landgrave Smithy when he was in Cuftody of a Meflengi
being committed by the Commons Houfe, and living frieni
ly with the Diflenters

Of this Aflcmbly the fame reverend Divine fays, t\
made Jome very odd and unjufii fable Laws, which have
cafioned great Feuds and Animoftties here. And in his Rep
fentation to the Lords Proprietaries : Moji of the late Me\
bers of the Affembly have been confiant Abfenters from the Hi
Sacrament: So 'tis no IVonder they have inferted an ahfu\
Oath in a late Ail, &c. / cannot think it will be much
the Credit and Service of the Church of England here, ih\
fuch Proviftons Jhould be made, for admitting the moji k
and profligate Perfons to fit and vote in the making of our
who will but take the Oath appointed by the late A£f. And
the High Commiflioners *tiii faid. Eleven of the twenty w
never known to receive the Saframent of the Lord's Supper.

7'he Hiflory o/* Carolina. 485

I And that this furious Faction were no Friends to the Church
England is plain, by their Dcfign to wreft the ecclefiafti-
1 Jurifdidion out of the Hands of the Right Reverend
L[ber in God, Henry Lord Bifhop of London. Mr, Mar-
1j being threatened in Col. Rijiees Houfe, That at the next
ions of Jjpmbfy hejhouldfee the B'ljhop of London'j Jurif-
h'm abolijhed there. And of this Carolina Parliament he
k farther, Our lower Houfe of Affemhly imprifon by a Vote ofP-fS.- ^7-
\t Houfe iine Die, and bid Defiance to the Habeas Corpus y^^?,
L^/; made /•? Force there by an ASi of Affembly, The Gover-
))rwas very cholerick with the Mini/ler, becaufe he had made Pag. i?^.
jandgrave Smith a Viftt at the Houfe of the Me(fenger ; and
Wily lajhed him caufelefly with his Wliip^ and tore his Gown ?*»?. 58* \

his Back. His Creatures alfo in the Affembly were the
Xmfwn of his Sufferings.

] If lam accufed of being partial in reprefcnting this Mac-
jlanfwer, that befides the Memorials publiflied by the A-
nt of Carolina, Mr. ArchdaWs Tradt and others, I have
iigentl/ inquired into the Truth of the Fadt, and have not
able to learn the leaft Hint that makes againfi: it, or vin-
ates the Party that is complained of, and were powerfully
«)te6led by the Lord Granville^ notwithftanding it was made
lit to him, that the Affembly in palTmg the occafional Bill in Pan t. p,
irdina, were guilty of the moft notorious ill Practices , and s^*
tre Men of corrupt Principles and Manners. That Bill
i brought into the Houfe the 4th of May, and carried fo
lecipitately that it paft the 5th, four Days before the Time
which they were prorogued. There never were above
I Members prefent from the 26 th of April tc the 6th of
h. There was but one more for it than againft it, and
the latter many were Members of the Church of
\tillatid.

There's one Thing very remarkable in the Ad:, which is

t Stile: Beit ena£iedby his E xcellency ]ohn Lord Granville,

Uthe reji of the true and ahfolute Lords and Proprietors of

jolina, iJc, A Stile never afTumed by them rill very late-

From whence we may obferve how pleafed that Fadioii

levery where with the defpotick and abfolute Power, info-

[uch as to ufurp the Name when they cannot obtain any

ling more. The Cafe of the Dijfenters in Carolina is (6

of Irregularities in the Courfe of this Affair, that we

k refer the Reader to it. We have taken the mofl ma-

Bial, and now are to fee what was done in England relating

I this Matter.

[The principal Merchants in London trading to Carolina
U up a Petition to the Lord Granvilli againft pafling this

lij Ad,

!':!.

r tl

t 1

IK ;;ti^,;

4S6

P'i' ir.

p4£.At,

ne Hiflory of Carolina.

Aft, or to order its Repeal. Which Petition they lodgfl
with Mr. Booniy the Agent of Carolinoy who folicitcd tt
Palatine feven Weeks before he could prevail to have a Boa]
of Proprietaries called.

Mr. Archdale^ one of the Proprietaries, oppofed the raj
fyine the Bill tsgainft the Diffenters at the Board, and with fuc
ioiid Reasons/ that it is amazing to find the Palatine ma
this fliort Aniwer to all of them : 5/V, you art of one 0^/«iJ
&nd I am of another y and our Lives may not be long enough \
tnd thi Controverfy : I am for this Bill, and this is the Par
that I will head and countenance.

What other Tone could he have talked in had he be/:n %
tan of Carolina ? Mr. Boone prayed ht' mi^;hi be iieard !|j
Council. The Palatine replied, ^f^hat Bupmfs has Cou.J
here ? his a prudential Aii in mt^ and I 'mil do ax j fee fiL
I fee no Harm at all in thU Bill, and am rejolved to pajs
Heihould have added. Car teleJimtrePlaiJir.

As ail Methods to procun; juftice from this Board were lt|
eflfedlual in the Cafe of the DilTcnters, the iame wert thi
in Mr. Marfton\ Caff, and the Abufe;; he met with fr'a?: tlj
• Party the Lord Granville was refolvrd to head r 1 couisti
riiince. And what that Party was in England- ana how thi^
hive Teen their unreafonable Attempts barTled and exploded,
101? \v(;li known to need any Remembrance here.

Th^Biii which occafioned all the Complaints in Carohu
having, p;ifl: thus illegally and arbitrarily, the Diffenters in tli
Province being notoriouJJy known to be <.ihve two Thirds of d
Psoplty and thericheft and fobereftanvtng them according i
Mr Mar/ion's Evidence, it was not lii^ely that they woul|
fuffer themfelves to be inliilted and perfecured without feekir
Redrefs. The very Affembly who paffed the Bill, about ha
a Year afterwards paffed another to repeal it when the Hou(
was full, but it was loft in the upper Houfe ; and the Cover
nor in great Indignation dtffolved the Commons Houfe by th
Name of the Unjteady Affembly. The Society for propagatir
the Gofpcl in America and ipifcwhere, meeting in St. Paut
Church, raking the Adl for the eftabliftiing religious Woil
fliip, €fff. into Conlideration, refolved not to fend or fuppoj
any Millionaries in that Province, till the faid Adt or tii|
Claufe relating to the Lay Coromiffioners was annulled.

There being no Hopes of any Redrefs of the Grievance
the Inhabitants of this Colony fuffered in Carolina^ nor fron
tbe Lords Proprietaries in England^ they refolved to brinj
the Matter before the Houfe of Lords in England^ nc
doubting but to have entire Juftice done them by that augufl
Allcmbiy, where the Language of their Palatine wa

neve

The Hifiory of Carolina. 4S7

l^er heard from the Throne, at leaft in this Reign or the
^, both which are the Glory of the Briujh Annals,

Mr. Boom was not only impowered by the principal Inha-
lidtants of Carolina to ad as their Agent, but he was aflifled
i0 his Agency by feveral eminent Merchants of London^ who
toied the Petition to the Houfe of Lords j as Mr. Micajah
prry, Mr. Jofeph Paicey Mr. Peter ReneWy Mr. Chrijiophtr
f^ler and others.

The Eflfed of which was, after a full hearing of the Caufe
It the Lord's Bar, that moll honourable Houfe, who have
done fuch great Things for the Liberties of England^ voted
IB Addrefs to the Queen in Behalf of the Province of
Carolina : But the Reader cannot be better fatisfied than to
liiive it in their Words, by which the State of the Cafe will
loebeftfeen.

" The Houfe having fully auJ maturely weighed the Na-7'AW;«w*/*
j<' ture of thefetwo A6ts, found themfelves obliged in Duty^^''J[f^f
|k" to your Majefty, and in Juftice to your Subjedls in Carolina ^Honourable

Y (who, by the exprefs Words of the Charter of your royal'*' f-"'"^'
y Uncle King Charles II. granted to the Proprietors, are de- f^'J^lZlun

" clared to be the Liege People of the Crown of England, Partiavieut
I" and to have Right to all the Liberties, Franchifes and yn-"^':»>^'^\,
vileges of Englijhmeny as if they were born within this ,2^ 1^05?
I" Kingdom : And who by the Words of the fame Charter,
" are to be fubjed to no Laws but fuch as are confonant to
" Reafon, and as near as may be to the Laws and Cuiloms
|«» of England) to come to the following Refolutions :

" Firji^ That it is the Opinion of this Houfe, that the Ad
I" of the Aflembly of Carolina lately pafled there, and fince

Y figned and fealed by John Lord Granville Palatine, for
" himfelf, and for the Lord Carteret, and the Lord Craven^
" and Sir John Colliton^ four of the Proprietors of that
" Province, in Order to the ratifying it, entitled, yfn A5i for
" ihe ^ablijhing religious IVorJhip in this Province, according

Y to //{'^Church of England, and for the ereSiing of Churches
' "y^r thepublick Worjhip of God, and alfofor the Maintenance

' of Mini/ierSi and building convenient Houfes for them ; fo
|"»r forth as the fame relates to the eftabliOiing a Com-
" miflion for the difplacing the Redors or Minifters of the
" Churches there, is not warranted by the Charter granted
I " to the Proprietors of that Colony, as being not confonant
" to Reafon, repugnant to the Laws of this Realm, and de-
? ftrudive to the Conftitution of the Church of England.

i- !i

!ll1

C-n;

114.

Secondly^

♦

488 ne Itiftory of Carolina.

*' Secondly, That it is the Opinion of this Houfe, Thaa
" the Act of the Aflcmbly of Carolina, e»?titlcd, Jn Aa M
*' the more effe£lual Prefervation of the Gviurnment of thil
** Province, by requiring all Perjons ihat jhall hereof ttr hi
** choftn Members of the Commons Houfe of Ajfembfy and fit iti^
** the fame, to take the Oaths aud fubfcribe the Declaration apJi
*' pointed by this Ail, and to conform to the religious IVorJhit
" in this Province^ according to the Rites and Vfage of tht
" faid Church lately pafled there, and figncd and fealed by
" John Lord Granville Palatine, for hioifclf and the Lordl
Craven, and alfo for the Lord Carteret, and by Sir John
Colliton, four of rhe Proprietors of that Province, in Or-
der to the ratifying of it, is founded upon Falfity in Ma :ef
** of Faft, is repugnant to the Laws of England, contrar
" to the Charter granted to the Proprietors of that Colony,]
** is an Encouragement to Atheifm and Irreligion, deftrudtive
*' to Trade, and tends ro the depopulating and ruining thcl
" faid Province :"

'"•^a

May it pleafe your Majefly,

JVe your Majeji/^ mojl dutiful Suhjeffs, having thus humlh
prefented our Opit) 'on of thefc ASis, we hefeech your Maujl-A
toufe the mofi eJpSfual Atethods to deliver the faid Province
from the arbitrary Opprcjfions under which it now lies ; and to
order the Authors thereof to he profccuted according to Law,

To which her Majefty was gracioufly pleafed to anfwcr.

/ thank the Houfe for laying thcfe Matters fo plainly before]
me^ I am very Jenfihle of ivhai great Confequence the PlantS'
lions are to England, and will do all that is in my Power to re-
lieve my SuhjcSis .

It appeared to the Houfe, i1.it feme of the Proprietors ab-
fblutely refufed to join in tbefe Ad>s, This Matter being re-
ferred to the Lords of Commitrcc of Trade, rhsy examined
into it; and finding a!) the Fadl charged upon the Promoters
of thefc Bills- true, reprcfcntcd to her JVIajerty the 24th of!
//<-/;' 1706^, That the n->akins» fucli Laws is an Abufe of the
Power granted ro the Proprietors by their Charter, and will
be a Forfeiture of fiich Power. They farther humbly offered
to her M.ijeRy, Thst fhe would be ''leafed ro give Diredions
for reaflijming the fame into her Majefty's Hands by Scire Fa-
rias, in her Mijedy's Court of .^nmi's-Bfnch. Which Re-
prefenration wasfigned by rhe Right Honourable the Lord
Dartmouth, the Honourable Robert Cecil, Efqj Sir Phlhp
Mearkivs, IVilUam Blathwayte, Efqj Matthew Prior, Efq;
and John PolUxfctt, Efqj On

■^..

The Hiflory of Carolina.

On the loth of June her Majefty was pleafed to approve
the faid Repreientation, and accordingly having declared
jicLaws mentioned therein to be NU LL and V OI D did
lOrder, That for the more eflfeftual Proceeding againft the
Charter by Way of ^o Warranto^ Mr. Attorney, and
|]^r. Soilicitor General do inform themfelves fully concerning
Ifhatmay be moft neceffary for eflFe<Sting the fame.

Thus did our moft gracious Sovereign hear the Cry of the
lOppreflcd, right the Innocent, and do Juftice on the Op-
Ipreflbr. For no Diftance of Country can put any of her
Ijubjedts out of her Protedion j nor no Difference of Opi-
loion (provided they are kept within the Bounds of Duty and
IRdigion) prevent her favouring alike all her People, and do-
her utmoft to make them all happy, as the aBnite God
Iba^ made her Reign to herfelf and her Empire in a diltin*
Ipiiihed Manner.

I The Aflembly which paffed thefe two memorable A(Sts
kere diflblved in the following Year, and a new one fum-
Iinoned to meet at Charles-Town. At the Election, Craven
and Berkley Counties were fo ftraitened by the qualifying A61,
Iihat they had not 20 Men to reprefent them, unlefs they
would choofe a DilTenter, or a Man not fit to fit in the Af-
fembly. Nineteen of the Party againft the Occufional Bill
were chofen, and one Mr. Job How was eleded by the In-
tereft of the Goofecreek Faction, a Branch of the former,
|TheFr/'«f/^ who were Freeholders voted for them, being in-
duced to it by a Frenchman's being fet up for a Candidate.
They alfo procured Mafters of Ships, particularly Capt. Cole^
who lay in the Harbour to vote on their Side. This Election
was made in the Town, and thcFadion gave out an Aflem-
bly was chofen, who would repeal the Church- A(5b and not
pay the Auguji'mo Debt, threatning if they did, the Houfe
I and Town fliould quickly be too hot to hold them.

In Colliton County there were but 1+ Men would qualify

I themfelves: Therefore none of the Diflenters appeared, and

[here were but 10 Votes out of 200 that appeared at the E-

ledion. The 10 Eledors voted for 14. Candidates, and the

[Sheriff returned 10 that had the Majority of Votes.

On Jan. 2, 1705, the Members met, but not enough to
[make a Houfe and choofe a Speaker. Mr. Stt'ph,vis one of
the Members, asked Mr. How in the Governor's Prefence to
attend, but he refufed. Before Night the Houfe was com-
plete and waited on the Governor, and asked if he would
Hired them to choofe a Speaker? He anfwered, he thought
it was too late, but if they would venture they muft do k with
Speed for he was not well, and it would endanger his Health

to,

489

" i

* I

'ill I'

i 1,

■'■ M

4^0 ^^ Hiftory £^ Carolina;

to fit up. So they prefcntly chofc Mr. Stabraok an4 p J
fented him to the Governor, who approved of the Choice.]

The next Day the Houfe met, the Speaker in the Chair]
and the Members were called upon to qualify themfelvesl
Six did and three more were ready to do it, and Debates a]
fifing about qualifying, the Houfe adjourned.

The Houfe meeting again, a Report was, as it is faid, in^
duftrioufly fpread, that the Members had forfeited 50/.
Man for adjourning before they were qualified. Mr. //o,
and Mr. IViggington attended in theii' Places and offered M
qualify themfelves, but Mr. Bormvell coming with a Mcflage)
the Houfe waited on the Governor, \\\o fpoke to thij
Purpo(e ;

Gentlemen,

You are building on a luroyjg Foundaiion^ and then the Super\
Jiru£lure tuill ntverjland i for you huve dijfolved ymrfelva \A
adjourning before there was n competent Number of Mtmbtrl
to adjourn^ and 1 canvot diJjhlvyQU if I would^ you not being i
Houfe. All this I know very well^ at being myfelf many Tett
a Member of jfZ?^ Houfe of Commons in England ; and there]
fore as I am Head, I would advife you to go back no mnre ti
the Houfe ^ but go every Man about his own Bufmefs : For if
you fhould perfifi in fetiling and making LawSy bejides the incur\
ring the Penalties of the A£i^ the Laws would be of no Forcel
&c.

The Speaker refufed to return to the Chair, and the Mem-
bers difperfed. The Governor and Council difowning the
Airembly, Mr. TViggington declared, it was his Opinion the
Houfe WJI.S dififolved. But their Diflblution was aggravated^
by the PJeafure the Government took in making them Feb dt\
fe^ their own Murderers.

Then another Aflembly was called, the Choice of whichl
was carried on with greater Violence than the former. "JoA
Hciv^ Elq^ was cholen Speaker, and the Members for thel
inoit Parr qualified themi'elves according to the qualifying^
Adh The Fadion had not then heard of the Proceedings!
againfl: them in England, which indeed were not come toal
Concliilion. They continued their Irregularities as if they
were the mod innocent Men in the Province, and the only!
true Patriots. They palled an A<5t for their Continuance!
two Years after the Death of the prefent Governor, or tlici
tiucceilion of a new one : The Reafon is told us in the Pre-]
nmblc, Whereas the Church of Enghnd has of late been fo hap
pity ejiubl'Jled among than^ fearing by thi Succejion of a nev)\

Govsr-

ne Hiftory of Carolina. 49 1

[Gmifftory the Church may be eithtr undermined or wholly fub*

I ^iriedy to prevent that Calamity befalling them^ be it etia^edy

I gjc, Mr. Job How, Speaker of the Aflembly dying fomc

Time after, Col. H^iltiam Rhett w;3j chofen in his Place.

But what has been fincc done in thefe Affairs, we know not

more than in general, that the two Ads have been repealed, and

the Party who drove Things on with fu< ^ Fury have entirely

loft their Credit, and that the Proprit unes are obliged to

them for the Caufe now depending ; wherein if they are caft,

the Government of the Province will be forfeited to the

Crown. They may thank therofelves for it, or at leaft their

late Palatine the Lord Granville, for fincc the foregoing Pages

I were written that Lord died.

How Things may be managed now is not difficult to be
forefeen, from the good Intelligence between the Peribns we
have jufl mentioned ; and the Fall of this Faction is a ter-
rible Example to all Colonies, not to let any Prejudice or
Pafiion hurry them on to do Things which they cannot an-
iwer to their Superiors in England.

The next Governor to Sir Nathaniel John/on was y -.pt Maj»rrynto
fjnte, of whole Adminiftration we have no pdrfeft Account,^"*"""'^'
and indeed we can give but little more for feveral Years than
the Names of the Governors. But I am fure the Reader will
excufc it, when he underftands the Pains I took to get In-
formation in this as well as the other Colonies, and how I came
to fall fhort of it.

We know as little of the Government of Prefident Gibbs^^'l^f"*
or of Charles Craven, Elq; probably preferred to this^ih^ries
Command by hisKinfman IVilliam Lord Craven Palatine, craven, £/?;
The next in Command ^z.s Robert Daniel, Efq; I^eputy^'JJ^';";''^^.
Governor, after him came into the Adminiftration Robert n.ei, Ehi
Johnfon, Efqi whom we fliall fpeak more of when he comes Gov«r««r.
a fecond Time into the Government -, after him was James j^jfnJ'n,
Moore, Efq; then Francis Nicholfon, Efqj whom one would £/,i Gavtr-
rake to be a Perfon of uncommon Genius for Government,'""'
if we could form his Character by the Number of Com JJ'"" ej-^-
Bands that was given him j for he had already been at feveral c«vfr«ur.
Times Governor of New- Scotland, New-Tor k, Maryland^^^^^''
and Virginia, but if his Charader is to be formed by ^nE^^oovcr-
Aftions, People would be puzzled to diftinguilli his Merit*-',
from his Fortune.

During his Command the Province was miferably infefted
with Pirates, as it had been for fome Time palt, which oblig-
ed that Government in the Year 1 7 1 8, to fit out at their own
Coft two Sloops under the Command of Capt. IFilliam Rhett ^
of that Province, who took after an obftinate Defence of* *" "''^^

feven

1718.

traiei i'tffji

M :;l

?!:'

1 ./ ;l«

I I

t I:

i -M:

1.1

■'•■' t

492

t72X.

7he Hiflory of Carolina.

fevcn Hours, and brought into Carolina, a Pirate Sloop of lo
Guns and 70 Men, called the Revenge commanded by one
Bennett, and at the fame Time retook two VclTcls that had
been taken by the faid Pirate ; and foon after Robert John-
fon, Eftj; late Governor, with two Ships and two Sloops un-
der his Command, took and brought into Curohna .1 Pirate
Sloop of fix Guns and 30 Men, commanded !,>y Kichurd
Worley, called the New-York Revengi-, and alfo '.tiook a Ship
called the Eagle, which had been before taken by the iud
Pirates, of which Pirates near 4.0 were executed. Yet from
the Year 171 7 to 1721, wc have an Account of between
30 and 40 VelTels that had been taken on that Coaft. And

In the Y-ar 1722, the Chiefs of four Indian Nations came
to Charles-Tffwn, to fettle the Terms of Peace between them
and the Englijh^ who had fufFered much by the Irruptions of
the Savages. Thefe Chiefs were honourably received hy the
Militia upon their Arrival, faluted by the Guns from the
Fort and by ihofe of all the Ships in the Harbour. They
were afterwards carried into the Forr, where they owned his
Excellency as chief Governor ok that Province j whereupon
they were clothed with Apparel prefented to them on the
Part of the Briujh Crown.

Prefident Middleton was the next in Government about the

Middifton. Year 1730, at which Time we find this Speech to the Ani'm.

*730' bly. " I cannot think but you mul> be thoroughly convinced

of the Nccelfity there is for granting immediafc Supplies

for the paying the Arrears due to the Garrifons, the

Rangers, Scouts and Lookouts: You will do well to con-

fider the miferablc Circumftances of thofe poor People

** who have now three Years due to them.

" I would fain know, wherein confifts the Prudence and
Policy of deferring the Payment of publick Debts Year
after Year, till the Burthen becomes heavy and the Coun-
try becomes Bankrupt.

" I need not tell you, the Indians are no longer our Friends
than you keep them in Fear, and who will credit the Pub-
lick in Time of Danger, when they will pay nothing of
what they owe in Time of Tranquillity ?
" Before I conclude, I muft put you in Mind, Gentlemen^
of humb'y addreffing his Majefty with Thanks, for pur-
chaiing the Soil and taking us under his immediate Pro-
tection , IsV "

About this Time Advice came Home from Carolina, that
the whole Inhabitants of that Province 'were in great Dan-
ger of being murdered by their Negro Slaves, who had en-
tered into a Coiifpiracy for maflacreing all the White People

Prefident

((

iJcgro Plot-

The Hiftory of Carolina. 4^9

of the Province at once ^ but' they happily differed about the
Manner of executing this bloody IJeiign. Some of them pro-
pofed that the Negroes of every Plantation (hould, upon a cer-
tain Night, and a certain Hour of the Night, deftroy every one
their own Mailers, and if they had purfued this Delign they had
probably fuccecded j but others of them, being jealous of cho
Rcfolution of their Comrades, were againft trulling the Ex-
ecution of it to the Negroes of every Plantation lingly and
by themfelves, and therefore propofed to meet under fomc
Pretence in a Body, and ftrike the Blow at once by Surprize.
This Projcd was generally approved of and the Time come
for executing it, and a great Body of them met at the Back
of the Town under a Pretence of a Dancing-Bout, and only
waited for the coming in of the Country Negroes. But the
Plot was difcovcred before many ot them were got together,
and the chief Men amongft rhem had picked out fome of
the principal Planters Wivci> for themfelves, and particularly
Governor Johnfon\ Lady was dcitined to be the Wife of
cue of them ; but the Villains did not intend that thefe En-
0) Wives of theirs fliould long efcape the Maflacrc. There
was at this Time near 28,000 Negroes in this Province, of
which 10,000 might be able to bear Arms, and of the white
Men there was not above a third of that Number.

I have touched very little on Law Matters in my Hiftory, 7v,-,,/ij
the Subjedt being equally difagreeable and perplexed, and I/""*'.
there being Books written oq Purpofe as well with Refpedi
to the Plantations as to England^ but the Manner of impa-
nelling Juries in this Province is fo much preferable to that
of England and all other Colonies, that it is worth remarking.
Juries here are not returned by ShtrifFs, but the Names of all
the beft qualified Perfons arc put together into a Ballot Box^
which being well Ihaken, a Child draws out 48 Names of
which a Lift is taken, and the(e 48 Names put into another
Ballot Box or a Partition of the fame, and another Child
draws out 1 2 Names which a^e the Jury if no Exceptions
are made to any of them, ir there are, the Child draws other
Mamcs till the Jury is full. How preferable is this Pradtice
to that of leaving the Pannel to the Management of Under
Sheriffs, who are commonly Country Attorneys, withwhofe
Integrity and Ingenuity the World is well acquainted.
This valuable Privilege of getting Juries by Balht was taken
frocn them by the Palatine about 20 Years ago, probably a
Palatine in the fame Way of thinking with him who pafted
the Seclufion Bill before fpoken of. The People of Carolina
alarmed at this flagrant Ad of Injuftice, fent a Deputation to
England to folicice the Palacioe and Proprietaries to reftore

their

.'I,

1 t •

494

7^e Hiftory ^Carolina.

their former Privilege of Jury by Ballot yirmiah Dum*
mer^ Efq; the New-England Agent, joined with thefe De-
puties in reprefenting to the Proprietaries the Enormity of! {
fuch daring Violation or the Fundamental Con/lttutionsznd the
Rights of this Province, which had fo good an Effi^d, diat '
the Ballot was continued, and Juries are impannel'd by it to
this Day.

About the fame Time, a new Indian War broke out in
Carolina. It was apprehended in England that the Com.
plaint of the Indians of fraudulent and forceable Dealings in
Trade by the Englijh was not without fbme Ground for ir.
Be that as it will, the Indians fell upon theOut-Scttlemcntsin
Carolina J and cut off many Etiglifl)^ who were unprovided for
Defence. The Carolinians had Supplies of Arms and Ammu.
nition from New-England^ before any could be brought them
from Old England ; but the ill Condition they were in to
repel the Savages, who were fet on by the Spaniards^ as the
Northern Indians were by the French againft the Englijh^ was
a Pretence not only to refume the Charter of this Colony,
but the Charters of all the Britijh Colonies in America^ that
the Defence of them might, with the Government, be
given up to the Crown. Indeed the Carolinians, according
to Mr Dummer, brought this Peril upon themfelves, and
our other Charter Governments in America^ by their addref-
fmg the Crown to take th^m under its Protection. He
writes : '* The diflblving th*: Charters was with a fpecial
" View to Carolina, which was reduced to Extremity by a ;
" War with ihe Spanijh Indians about the Year 1718^ and
'* being neither able to defend themfelves, nor obtain Sue-
** cours from their Lords Proprietors, addrefs'd the Crown,
*' ^t-. as before.** Proprietors, whofe chief if not only
View is to make the moft of their Propriety, will, no doubt,
always rather abandon their Territory, than be at the Sxpcnce
of War to defend it, which perhaps they may not be able to
fupport ; but in a free Government,like that of New-England,
where the Property is in the People, they will always be willing
and able to defend it, in Proportion to their Number and their
Circumftances. The Cnroliniansy in the Progrefs of the In-
dian War, had much better Fortune, according to the Re-
lation of it in the Letter written by one of them.

The Weaknefs as well as Injufticc of this Scheme is ad-
mirably well fet forth by Mr. Dummefy in his Defence of
the New-England Charter, addrefs'd to the Lord Carteret^
one of the Lords Proprietaries of Carolina^ when his Xord-
fliip was Principal Secretary of State ; but according to the
Carolina Writer, the Inhabitants of this Province were, iir

the

ne Hiflory o/" Carolina.

the Progrefs of this War, fo far from being likely to lofe
ic for want of Defence, that they drove both Indians and
Spaniards out of Florida. The Reader muft have this good
Kews in his own Words :

** Since the B^inning of this War we have exerted our-.
" fclves very much in the Defence of the Colony. Be-
" fides the new Fortification at Charles Town, we have
" been at great Expences in providing necelTary Supplies of
" Arms and Ammunition.

" We have alfo undertaken feveral foreign Expeditions,
" one againft St. Augujiine, a Town and Garrifon of the
" Spaniards^ on the Coaft of Florida^ in the Latitude of
" 29 Degrcees ; and others againft the Spaniards and In-
" dians of j^palachia'* That Part of this Continent of
^orth America fo call'd, that lies along at the Foot of
the Mountains^ from the Coaft of the Bay of Mexico^ be-
yond the utmoft Northern Bounds of Virginia ; and at the
Back of rhefe Mountains, flows the great River Mijftjftppt
through Countries as ill inhabited, as was the Britijh Pro-
vince of this Continent by the Indians^ when Adventurers
came firft from England to fettle there. La Sale's Travels
through that Wildernefs, from the Bay of Mexico to Canada^
prove what is here aflerted, for the Ufe of fuch as are cu-
rious concerning French Attempts to make themfelves Mafters
of the Trade and Navigation of that vaft River Matter for
their Speculation. The Carolina Writer proceeds :

" I Hiall not trouble you with a long Account of thefe
" Enterprizes, / wifh he had given us a particular one^ tho*
'' everfo jhort \ but only tell you, our Forces intirely broke
" and ruined the Strength of the Spaniards in Florida^ de-
*' ftrtiying the whole Country, burnt the Towns, brought
" all the Indians, who were not kill'd or made Slaves, into
'* our own Territories j (o that there remains not now fo
" much as one Village with ten Houles in it in all Florida
" that is fubjed to the Spaniards j nor have they any Houfes
" or Catrie left, but fuch as they can proted by the Guns
" of St. AugujHnc^ that alone being now in their Hands,
" and which is continually infefted by the Incurfions of the
*' Indians fubjed to this Province.

** Thefe Expeditions have added very much toourStrengthj
" firft, by rediicing the Spanijh Power in Florida fo low,

that they are altogether incapable of ever hurting usj then
** by training our Indian Subjects m the Ufe of Arms,
" which would be of great Uie to us in cafe of an Inva-
'* fion from an Enemy ; and what is yet more confiderablc,
*' bjt drawing over to our Side, or deftroying all the /«-
^ '^ dians

495

((

'•\ 'M

I '

>: ' %

'i !i

:\^n I

1-^

496 ^e Hiftory of Carolina.,

*' Indians within 700 Miles of Charki-Town" Now it ij
well known that even the Miffiffippi Indians are nearer than
that from the fame Town. Probably he means the Indians
only between the Apallachean Hills and the Britijh Planta-
tions J and I doubt his Hiftory in that too wants Confirma-
tion j for if it was as he fays, there could be no more In-
dian Wars to annoy the Englijh in our Continent Colonies
from Georgia to New-Englvid. Our Author adds : *' This
" makes it impradticable for any European Nation to fettle
** on that Coaft, otherwife than as Subjeds to the Crown of
•' Great Britain^ becaufe we are capable of giving them
*^ fuch continual Moleftation, by the Invafions of our Sa-
*' vages, that they could ncrt eafily fubfift, or venture to
*' make any Improvement.

If Truth is not wanting to this Account written on the
Spot, the new Settlers in Georgia^ as well as the old ones
in Carolina^ may encourage and delight themfelves with a
Profpe(ft of Security, as well as Profir, the main Induce-
ment to Europeans to remove thither and fettle.

Since I made feveral Reflcdions on the French Settle-
ments at the Mouth of the MiJJiffippiy to lefTen the Affright
which feme Colony Writers endeavour to throw the Eng-
lijh into on that Account, 1 have met with this Confirmation
of my own Opinion by that of Mr. John Peter Purry of
Neufchajiel, now Col. Purry of Carolina^ fome time Diredor
General in the Service of the India Company in France^
contained in a Memorial he prefented to his Grace the Duke
ThcM\M- of A/l?wf <7/?/^, Secretai y of State, in the Year 1 724. " 'Tis
i»'c!lI"to " "^°^ certain, fays Col. Purry^ Canada is one of the
thl'c"'»nyas ** mcancft Countrics In a\\ Jmerica . The Englijh were (eiikd
rt^refented. <« in Carolina no fooner than the Year i66^, and before that
'* time, upon their advancing as far as f^irginia, they were
" foon fenfible that the Country was exceeding fruitful."
The Author then blaming the Negligence of the Europeansy
in improving that Fruitfulnefs as much as they might do,
proceeds : *' It is true the French are in Poffeflion of the
" Mouth of the Mijfijfippi -^ but not toinfift on theexceed-
*' ing Badnefs of the Soil towards that Mouth for 2 or 300
Miles, fliould they pretend to hinder the Englijl) from
falling down that River, and fo enter the Gulph o( Mexico,
the Englijhy when they are well fettled on that River,
might, in their Turn, by Right of firft Seizure, hinder
them from getting up higher. Befides, it would be as
** ridiculous for the French to imagine, upon I know not
what chimerical Prctenfions, that all thcCouncry on the Mif-

ftjfippi

cc
((
<(
it
<c

«{

ne Hifiory of Carolina.
y 0ppi belongs to them, as it would be for the Dutch to
« claim tlK»re Places that lie on the Rhine and the Meufe^
U under Pretoice that all is theirs to which the Mouth of
« thofe Rivers aflbrd an Entrance.'* By reading Hennepin's
md La SalUi Travels more than once, I have fo well ac-
Uainted myfelf with the Siniation and Condition of thofe
Countries on the MifJ^i^i^ from the Gulph of Mexico to
manada^ that it feems abfurd to imagine the French could,
in a I ooo Years, fo fettle tberoielves on the Back of our
Korthem Colonies, as to be able to diflodge them ; but,
on the contrary, 'tis evident that the Englijh, whenever they
Ihall think it worth their while, may fettle themfelves very
eafily on that River for 5 or 600 Miles between Canada and
the Gulph of yWif;«f#, and entirely cut off any Communica-
tion between tbem^ but it is much to bequeftioned, whe-
Itbcr the peltry Trade, the only valuable one that can be car-
ried on with the Mj/^ppians, for 1500 Miles together,
would, in 100 Years, make a hundredth Part of the Profit
I which the French MiJ/iffippi Company pretend to have in
view by it, t/djiock it andjoih it, which they do in France,
tswell as is done in England. The Stories that have been
told of the Abundance of Copper Mines in that Part of the
Ijlnurican Continent, are mere Fidion; the Hopes of Silver
Mines are vifionaryj the Indians never heard of any nearer
tlan Mexico, Skins and Lumber may be had by the French
I at four times the Expence of fetching them, which the£»^-

are at in their Northern Colonies, and the EngUJh may
I live it of the MiJJiJftppiam^ by extending their Ti'ade back-
wards from their Appallachean Mountains. 'Twas impoffible
for us in Things tranfmitted to us to keep to a Chronological
Order, and therefore we muft come abruptly to the Account
m^xx Alexander Coming's Journey from Charles-Town in
ICmlinay among the Indian Nations, between Carolina and
miMiJJiJJippi, which fliews us that he muft bevesy r-ar, if
not in the very Country of the Savages, whcfe Neigiioours
inhabit the Borders, if no*^ the Mouth of that River, and
Carolina alone has more People than are faid to be in all
\iht French Seitlements at St. Lewis or Louifian, as they af-
fed to call both Sides of that River, from its Mouth to iu
I Source.

Before the Indian War was brought to an Ifiue, the In-
I habitants of Carolina were fo harafs'd and ravaged by them^
that they were unable, with the Help of the other Evglijh
Colonics, to make head againft the Savages j and the Bor-
derers fled from them to a Ship in Port- Royal Harbour, where
they remained till the Savages retreated. 'Tis faid that the

497

Lvifii

yfi

498 7^e Hiftory of Carolina.

EngUJh bad given them no Provocation ; but we fe^r fuch
Relations are too partial to our Countrynocn. The i^ords
Proprietors being alike unable or unwilling to take the Charge
of the War on themfelves, the Colony, as has been laid, ap-
plied by their Deputies to the Crown, and prayed that the
Surrender of their Charter might be accepted, and *he Co-
lony be taken into his Majefty's Protcdion.
TtitChar'ff Thig Surrender was made by the Proprietaries to Edward\
^IllfcJoL. Bertie, Samuel Horfey, Henry Smith, and Alexias ClaytonA
Efqrs, in Truft for the Crown. The Proprietors, in their
own Right, or in IVuft, were then Henry Duke of Beau-
fart, Wtlliam Lord Craven, Jama Bertie^ E{qj Dad\ngton\
GrevilUy Efq; Henry Bertie, 'E{q^ Mary Dan/on, Elizabethl
Moory Sir John Colliton, John Cotton, Efqj and Jofeph\
Blake, Efqi who were poflefs'd of Seven -Eighths of the Pro*
priety of the Province, and fold if. to the Crown for 17500/.
each Proprietary, who had a whole Share, having 2500/.
The out-ftanding Quit-rents, and other Incomes due to the
Proprietaries from the People of the Province, amounting to
fomewhat above 9000/. alfo were fold to the Crown for 5000/.
which was paid to t(ie above-mentioned Proprietaries, af-
cer the Sale and Surrender had been confirmed by a parti-
cular Ad of Parliament in the Year 1728, intitled an Aa\
for e/iablijhing an Agreement with f even of the Lords ProprieA
taries of Carolina, fur Surrender af their Title and lntertj\
in that Province to his Majejiy.

It will appear, by the following Claufe in the Ad of Parlia-
ment, that the remaining One-Eighth of the Propriety, and
Arrears of ^.^.uit- rents aforefaid, were referved to the Right
Honourable John Lord Carteret, Having and refervinA
always to the faid John Lord Cznerct,^ his Heirs, ExecutorsA
Jdmini/lrators and AJftgns, all fuch EJiate, Right, Title, &c.|
to One-Eighth Part of the Share of the faid Provinces or Terri-
tories, and to One-Eighth JP art of all Arrears, &c.

This being agreed, his Majefty was pleafed to appoint Rii'\
bert Johnfon, Eiq; to be Governor of Carolina. The Sup-j
plies and Relief that were fent them from England enabled
them to repulfe the Indians, who thereupon fubraitted to
fnch Terms of Peace as were fafe and honourable to the
EngliJ}), for which they had been prepared by Sir AlexandeA
Comings who went in Perfon from Charles-Town 4 or 5001
Miles into the Country, to confer with their Kings or Chiefs,!
and engage them to put themfelves under the Prot&^ion of|
the King oi Great Britain.

He fetout the 13 th o^ March, 1729, and came to KecalA
wee, the firft Town of the Chyrokees,, about 3ooMiles|

fromi

^he Hiflory of Carolina. 499

fr(5ffl tfiat T own. He was here informed by Mr. Barhr^ a
travdlirtg Trader, that the Cherokces bad received Meffen-
gcrs from the Lower Creek Nations, to perfuade them to
come over to the French Intercft. The Writer of Sir A- r.> Aiexan-
le)(ander*s'jo\xmz\ does not fufficiently explain what he mean? der Com-
by l\iQ Lower Creek-, whether the Nations of South ^^orida^'PJ^jf/^ith
which is moft likely, or the Indians on the Borders of the »r/indiaiw.
River Jpalacha, which falls into the Gulph of Mexico, But
the Author intimates, mat Sir Alexander's Journey prevented
a new War. He went diredtly to the Houfe where the
head Men of the Nation were affembled, in the midfl: of
200 others ; and the head Men, to fliew their Obedience,
kneeled down at his Approach. Sir Alexander here caufed
Exprefles to be di/patch'd through the whole Country, fjr
the Chiefs to meet him at Nequejfee the 3d of April,
The 27th of March he came to Pajfetchee j there had
happen*d, the Night before, the moft terrible Thunder
Storm the Savages had ever known ; and their chief
Conjurer or Prieft complimented the Knight with a Pro-
phecy, Thjt he knew he was come among them to have the
Rule over ihem. The 29th he arrived at Great Felliquo^
in the upper Settlements, 200 Miles up from Keeahwee..
Thus it appears he was 500 Miles from Charles Town^ whictf
if direftly on the Back of the Coaft of Carolina, muft not
be far from the MiJfiJJippiansy as I call all the Nations bor-
dering on that River, who are diftinguifh'd by 100 different
Names, fpell'd and pronounced differently by thofe that
treat of them, as are alfo the Names of the Savage Nations
we have been juft fpeaking of. At Telliq?to^ Sir Alexander was
waited upon by Moyty, the chief Warrior or Captain-General,
who told him, that two Years before the Nations defign'd to
have made himfelf Head over all ; but now he f'aid it fliouid be
as Sir Alexander pleafed. Here the chief PrieR, or Con-
jurer declared the fame, and they jointly offer'd to make him
aPrefent of their Crown. The 30th he arrived at TannoJJie,
16 Miles only from Fdliquo. The King of thofe Savages
declared his Obedience to the Crown of Great Britain on
his Knees. From hence Sir Alexander returned to Ne-
fiajfie^ where the Kings, Princes, Warriors, Priefts and Be-
loved Men were all met, according to his Appointment;
I with great Solemnity Sir ///<fArfl«i<?r wa> place J in a Chair
by Moyifs Orders, Moyty and the Prielis Itanding about him,
While the Warriors ftrok'd him with 13 Eagles Tails, and
their Singers fung from Morning till Night, as the Cuftom
is on folemn Occafions. They fafted the whole Day, and af-
kCr the Solemnity of ftroking was over. Sir Alexander made a

K k 2 Speech

vi.i,

'>i

po T'be Hifiory of C&roWn^.

Speech to them, rcprefenting the great Power and Goodnefs
of his Majefty King George^ whom he call'd the GrtatM^
on the other Side of the Great Water : That himfelfsnd all
■ his SubjeSls were to him as Children, and they all would do
whatever the great King ordered thenii He required Moyt^
T'e Indiani j^jj ^\\ j^g Warriors to acknowledge themfelves dutiful Suh-
■^^^Gewrge, jc^s and Sons to King George, and to do whatever Sir j^ltx-
ander fhould diredk. This they promifed to do, and on their
Knees invocated every thing that was terrible to them to de-
ftroy them, and that they may become no People, if they
violated their Promife and Obedience to the Britijb Crown j
to fecure which. Sir Alexander appointed Moyty Chief of the
Nation, and the whole Aflcmbly joyfully agreed to it. The
next Day, April 4th, their Crown was brought from Great
Jannajie ; it confided of five Eagles Tails, and four Scalps
of their Enemies. Moyty prefented this to Sir Alexander^
with a Requefl: that he would be pleafed to lay the Diadem
of the Cherokees at his Majefty's Feet. The Priefts affured
Sir Alexander they would, when he was gone from them,
pundtually obferve the Agreement they had made, and obey
the Orders of Moyty purfuant thereto, as if they were his
own. Sir Alexander had determined to return to England
by the Fox Man of War, which v/as to fail from Charles-
Town the 20th oi April; fo he had but 1 5 Days to travel
above 400 Miles, and then embark. Moyty would have at-
tended him not only to Charles-Town, but to England, had
not his Wife lain dangcroufly ill, fo he defired the Knigbr to
take with him whom he pleafed of the principal Men of the
Cherokees to bear Teftimony to the Truth of this CompaiSt
and Submiffion. Accordingly he rook the head Warrior of
the Tapetchees, a Man of great Power and Intereft, who had
a Right to be a King, and feveral others of like Rank and
Authority. Sir Alexander returned to Charles-Town the 13th
of Abril^ leaving the Indicns that were to attend him with
Mr. Hunter, who reach'd Mr. Kinlcch with them twenty
three Miles from Charles-Town, where they met with a
chief Warrior, a Friend of theirs, who was juft come from
the Katarba Nation, ind defired to go along v.'ith his Coun-
trymen, to which the reft confented. Sir AUxandtr,
with five oi fix c» thefe chief Warriors, enb'^rk'd aboard
the Fox, which faii'd from Charles-Town the 4th of May^ \
and arrived at Dover the 5 th of June, a very iflhort F *iiage,
where Sir Alexander took Poft, and arrived at Lonaon rhat i
Night. Thus he was 4 or 500 Miles from Carolina the!
5 th of Aprils and at London the 5 th of June, He brought
with him the Crown of the C/;rr(;i^^j, and let the Suictarvi

T*he Hijlory of Carolina. 501

of Stittt? immediately know he had Power to lay it at his Ma-
jcfty's Feet, and had brought with him kyen of the chief
Indian Warri'ors or Generals, to witnefs to the Truth of the
Submiflion of their People to his Majefty. Sir Alexander
vws ofdct*d to bring thofe Warriors to an Inflallation^ where
they were ftruck with Amaxement at the Magnificence and
Splertdor of the Court. They compared the King and Queen
to the Sun^ the Princefles to the Stars, and themfelves to
niching. The aid of June Sir Alexander was introduced to
bis MajeHy, tind upon his Knees declared the full Power he
had received to prefent his Majefly with the Crown of the
Cherokees, which the chief Warriors, being al(b on their
Ktlecs, Iblemnly attefted and confirmed.

His Majefty having gracioufly accepted the Crown and the
Scalps before-mentioned, directed that the Warriors ftiould
be nobly entertained and diverted, which was done accord-
ingly j and when, with equal Pleafure and Surprize, they
bad part a few Days in London, they fet out for Port/mouth,
where being arrived, they embark'd aboard the fame Ship
tbq' came in, the Fox, which carried them back to Ca-
rolina, from whence they returned to their Nation. What
Influence this Journey and Tranfadion of Sir Alex.inder
C mng*s had on the friendly Difpofition of the Cherokees,
and other Indian Nations, and how far the Report of their
chief Warriors, of their Reception in England, and the
Numbers, Riches and Strength of the Englijh might con-
tribute to the Treaty of Commerce, that was not long after
concluded, between the Government of Carolina and thofe
Savages, I can rather conjcdure than relate.

The Proprietors of this Province having furrender'd their
Charter to the Crown, and his Majefty having appointed
Robert John/on, Efqj to be Governor of Carolina, he ar- Robert
rived there in 1731, and made a handfora Speech to the J.;.'^"^"^'\^
Alfcmbly, in which, amor,, other things, he faid: „.r!*

** The King our Royal Mafter ua':\^\'^ been pleafed to
" appoint me his Governor of this his Province, 1 took
" the firft Oppoi canity to repair Mther, where, on my Ar-
" rival, finding an Affembly newly eleded, which had never fet
'* to dr. any Bufinefs, conlidering how (hort a *:me there ".'ill
*' be tor a Sellion, before the Seafon of the Year will make
" you defire to be at your fevcral Plantations, I chofe ra-
'' ther to meet you now, than to wait for a new Election.

'* His Majefty out oi his, great Goodnefs and fatherly
" Care of you, »nd at the earneft Requeft and Solicitation
" ot yourfelves, has been gracioully pleafed, at a great Ex-
" pence, to purchafc Sevcn-Eighrhs of the late Lords Pro-

Kk 3 *' {rieors

;.v ill

^tmA

502

li'^^i '

Gevc-tV

I-^'Im?! '

Jf)hiil"on'j

ll j^f I

Interview

pSsf' '<■

tfith the in

ll^uLs

dians.

((
cc

7*/?^ Hiftory of Carolina.

*' prietors Charter, whereby you are become under hi* im.
*' mediate Government, a i31efling and Security we have
been long praying for, the good Effects of which we
only experience by the Safety we enjoy, as well in our
Trade by the Protection of our Ships, as by Land in an
independent Company, maintain'd partly for our Safety
and Encouragement. The taking off the Duty on Rice
is a peculiar Favour ^c.
The Governor recommended to them the Encourage-
ment of the publick Schools, particularly that near Charks-
Town; and the repairing the Fortifications of that Town and
Johnjonh Fort in particular. He then added :

" His Majefty was p'eafed to order the Lords of Trade to
•* fettle Articles of Teace and Friendfliip with the Cherockee
'* Indians^ which I have brought with me j as alfo a con-
** fiderable Prefent to engage them in Friendfliip and Obe-
*' dience.

The Treaty was laid before the AfTembly, confider'd and
approved, and the head Men of the Indians came to Charles-
lown to fign and ratify it ; which was done in the Council-
Chamber, and the Ratifications exchanged by the En^HJh and
Indians. There were many Perlbns to fee the Ceremony,
and among the reft, feveral Ladies in their beft Attire,
whom the Indian Chiefs were about to falute Uke the Men
by taking them by the Hand, when one of them gave a
Check to that Salutation, by faying, They were not made to
touch fuch things.

It appears by a Petition of the Traders among the Chero-
kees, that before this Treaty, the being often infulted by
them was not their only Caufc of Complaint; for they re-
prefented that the Virginians invaded their Trade, and much
damaged it by underselling them. This Petition was fign'd
by Daniel Hunty Jofeph Barker^ IFilliam Hatii„ij Jacob
Adorris, Hugh Gordon^ &C.

That Governor John/on took a great deal of Care of the
Out-fettlements appears by the Journals of the Commanders
of the Rangers always in Guard on the Frontiers, too parti-
cular to be inferted. Nor was this Governor's Care lels for
improving and extending the Indian Trade, to which End
he went in Perfon Auguji the 25th, 1732, and had an Inter-
view with Mingobe Mingo, one of the Chiefs of the Nations
of the Chickefaw Indians, who came attended by eight
Qhickefuw Men and two Women together with two Nauchet
Indians. Wiih the Governor were John Herbsrt^ Efq;
Commiilioner of the Indian Trade, Col. Glover, Agent
sSTf . Tweed Somrville and Samuel IVeleigh^ Efqrs, and feve-

l%e Hijlory of Carolina.

r»i other Gentlemen and Indian Traders from Charles-7<wn\
I Governor John/on told the Indians by his Interpreter John
\ Motion^ he was glad to fee them in his Country, and if they
bad any Thing to fay he was ready to hear them. Then Mm-
\pbe Mingo having prefented the Governor with a6 LJian
drcft Deer Skins, made a Speech, wherein (calling the Go-
vernor Father) he faid, " He had undertaken a very long
« Journey to fee him, that he hoped tlie Path between them
*' would never be fliut up, that he came from a great Town
« in his Nation of which he was King, and that in their
« Way thither they loft one of their Men v/ho was killed by
" one of the Cherokee Indians m Friendfhip with the Engii/h,
" That he was fent down by the other Head Men of his
'* Nation to receive the Talk from him, ard that he would
» faithfully carry it back."

Governor John/on exprcfled his Concern for the bad
News of their Friend's being killed on the Way, and faid, he
klieved it mufi have been done by fame wild and mad you%
Fellows^ for it could not be with the Confent and Approbation
nf the Nation '^ then he enquired if they had a War with the
ChffSlaws, and what Tali that was he heard they had fent up
to that Nation, they anfwered, it was a Talk for Peace, and
being asked the Reafon of the AA^ar, faid, it was becaufe they
traded with the Englijh and were their Friends. The Gover-
nor replied, Tou Jhewed yourfelvei very good Friendt tome and
my People J by not fuffering the French to trade with you ; and
find you havefuffered by your Friend/hip to me, I now make you
a Prefent of 1 2 Cagi of Gun-Powdrr and 24. Bags if Bullets^
l/jr the Ufeof your Nation to defejid you again/} your Enemies,

Then Mingobe Mingo prefented the two Nauchee Indians^
and faid, they were alfo come from their Towns to fee him
and hear his Talk^ and carry it back to their Towns, and that
their King was willing, if he defired it, to come down hira-
felf.

Thefe Nauehee Indians feem to have been Borderers on
the French near the Mijfijftpi^ and were now fettled among
the Chickefaws. Governor J ohnf on rcceifed them well, and
as a Token of Friendfhip made a Prefent to each of a Coat,
Gun, Har, ^c. as he had doneto Mingobe Mingo, and other
Prefents to his Attendants. And told the Nauehees they were
fo far oflF before that the Englijh could not trade with them, but
fliould now do it fincc they were come near, and recom-
mended to the Chirkefaws to take Care of the Traders, which
they termed maintaining the Path.

The Governor at their going away, after mutual ProfeC-
lions of Fr iendlhip and good Correfpoodcnce, faid to them,

K k 4 thac

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ThRMf'tory of <^rmnk.?

ibtt he Wia heartily forry for the fjoft of their Friend, and

advifed them to demand Saiisfadion of the Chndtus in an
amicable Way, ^wh^ch might happily prevent a Rupttire, and
that what he had farther to fay OxM l>c feit in Writing to
the head Mcniof theif Nation, .-mus/viti uui >' ejujIjA j.i;

A very remarkable Event happened in Mr. ybbk/oe^ Go.
vernmcnt, by the Addition of o new Province on the South
Borders of Carolina. This Province is called Georgia^ and s
foon as he had Information that fuch a Defign wat formed i,i
England^ ind he was deiired by the Truftees to affift in pro-
mpting ii, he publiOied the foHowing Advertifetncnt in the
Carolina Gazette^ January 13, 173!. '' Whereas I have
*•: received a Power hrora the Truftees for cftablifhing the
•< Colony of Georgia., to take fuch Contributions, as any
" of his Majefty's Subjeds of this Province (hail volun-
« tarijy contribute towards fo good and charitable a Work
** a» the relieving the poor and infolvent L itors, and
". ^eftablifliing and relieving any peor Protcfta i of what
*' Nation foever as ihall be willing to fettle in tne faid Co-
'^ lony, and whereas the faid intended Settlement will in all
** human Appearance be a great fVrengthning and Security to
'* this Province, as well as a charitable and pious Work j I
" have therefore thought fit to publifh and make known to
all fuch Perfons who are willing to promote ib good a
Work, that I have ordered and direil^ed Mr. Je/fiiBadtH'
hop to receive all fuch Subfcriptions, &c.'* .//..i :i .> \i !
Governor Johnfon fays in a Letter, that Mr. Oituhrp
anived almoft as foon as he heard of his coming, and he
publiflied this Order two or three Days before his Arrival at
Chiirj'hTown^ where he received that Genrlenwn with great
Ci'/ilhf , and all his People with much Chearfulnefs and
Fkdlue^ as did all the Inhabitants of that Capital, where they
i\rpti Imt a very fhort T.me, but proceeded to the Place of
iheir intended Settlement.

Three Days after their Departure the general AflTcmbly
met, and the Governor moved them to affift this generous
Undertaking, and they came to a Refolution, that Mr. O^t-
thorpe/heuld be furnijhed at the public k Expence with 104
Head of breeding Cattle, 25 Hogs and 20 Barrels of good
Ricty that befides ko^W Craft to convey them, the Scout-
Bouts and Capt. Mac Pherfon tuith 10 of the Rangers, who
are Horfemen always kepi in Pay to difcover the Motions of
the Indians, jhotdd attend Mr. Oglethorpe, andoh'y his Com-
mand in Order to prote^ the new Settlers from any Jrifults^
which the Governor fays he thought there was Danger of, and
he gave the neteflary Inftructions to the Garrifons and the

Indium

it.

s^s

>7S3.

I7)e Hi0ffry of Carolina.

I Wwnf «n Fricndnup with the CanlinianSy to befriend and
I jiiift them.

Mr. Jobnfrm alfo defired Col. Bull^ who was afterwards
Governoi',' and a Gentleman of great Probity and Experience
I in the Affairs of this Province, the Nature of Land and the
Method of fettling, and who is well acquainted with the
j^nner <rf" tho Indians^ to attend Mr. Oglethorpi at Gtorgia,
and offer him bis Advice and AflTiftance. Governor Jehrt'
Ikhadgont hiinfclf had not the Affembly been (itting.

IntJw Year 1733, a Conteft arofe in this Province be-
tween the AfTembly and the Lawyers ; it began by a Com-
plaint made to the Aflembly by lome of the Inhabitants of
GranviU County, that all the valuable Lands on the navi*
gabie Rivers and Creeks adjacent to Port-Royal, had been
njn out into exorbitant Trads of 12 and 24000 Acres, un-
der Colour of Patents heretofore granted by the Proprietaries
to Landgraves and Cafiques, by which th^ Complainants
who had at the Hazard of their Lives defer hat Province
againft the Spaniards and the Indians, " "d from

taking up any Land that coi'.ld be uiefui th 3 ihe ella-
blilhed Qjsit-Rents, though the Attorney .„> ^ icitor Ge-
neral in England had declared them to be vuid.

Mr. Job Rothmahler and Dr. Thomas Cooper^ having been
accufed of fome illegal Pradices in this Matter, a Petition
was prefcntcd 10 the Adembly in their Juftification, figned by
59 Perfbns Inhabitants of Granville County. The Aflembly
having examined into this Affair made the following Order,
That John Brmvn Gent. Melicnger, do forthwith take into
Cullody Job Rcthmahler and Thomas Cooper, Efq; for aid-
ing, allifting and luptrin tending the Deputy Surveyors in run-
ning out ot Patent Lands already furveyed, contrary to the
Quit-Rent Ad, if'f.

Upon this Dr. Coopfr being taken into Cuftody, he ap-
plied to the Chiei' Juitice for his Writ of Habeas Corpus,
which the Chief Jullice granted, and the fame was accord-
ingly ferved on the faid John Brown, but he refufed to yield
Obedience thereto, upon which enfued fo great Broils rnd
Difturbances, that the Aflembly found themfclves obliged to
endeavour to put an End to them by an Adl on Purpofe.

We muft here obferve, that Col. Peter Purry the Swifs,
had procured a great Number of his Countrymen to come
and fetdc in this Province, where Lands were laid out for
their fettling and a Town built called from him Purrysburg, i-.rryjburg.
but there feems to have been fome Mifmanagement in that
new Plantation, by the following Proclamation of Governor
"Joimfon, " Whereas I have received Information from Col.

' ^' Piter

1755-

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33 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. MSSO

(716) •72-4503

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.aiitfepXots and Lwds to which they pretend RighpR,tb«
*' Tpiwnfliip, aUhough they )|iavq pbjj^in^ no' dranjt? for the
^tticu and notwithlfepding tjjjjy (j^^^^je^eivsjd^tWJ^
^Bounty of th^ Prpvince inFjcpj^nQO, ^f-,,^ ^o that
" th<7 have ^tretriptqcl to fell thfeirprej^dfl^ L^ttij'^^
**[ were never ^tPurrysliHrgh^w\iv^^j:0^
" royal Imqition in fettliiig the lai^ l^qwpjhip. For the pre-
<' venting Of ^hich fraudulent Pra^jces t here iflue this my
" Proclamation to inform fhc jPufeli^ that no Oran^, will
«* pais of any Lands in any of the Tpwpdiips laid Q«jt»p this
«* Province, biit only tp thofe in wjbofc NamMil^^ original
« Warrants were made out arid ftisdliettl^ there.^

T^isTown is how very much enlaiged, con(if]i|ng of near
1 66 Houfes tolerably well ^built ; it lies on the Nfbrth Side of
the Savanah River, and is 24 Miles abpve the Town of &j.
vanah* In Georgia the Pepple might be well tempted to fell
their Lots, the Soil about it being (b fruitRil and fo much of it
taken in for cultivating, that Lands that fold before the Swip
came for 250/. fold at that Time for 1000 Guineas.

This Proclaooation was Governor Johnforit laft Ad of
Government, he dying foon after {^May the 3d 173:5) and
was Succeeded by Thomas Broughton^ Efqj Lieutenant Go-
Broughton, vernor. I do not infert his Speech to the Aflerab^y, the
MMt Gowr-^^^*"*^® h^\n% much the fame as other Governor's Speeches,
*mr. ** "of which I find this faid by a CoUedor of focb Things.
*' We cannot help taking Notice, that in every one of the
• Governor's Speeches, there are great Complaints of the
*^ bad State of their Fortifications; and as thefe Complaints
** have long continued and yet remain without Redreis, it
*' really feems to be high Time to put thofe Afiairs upon
** fome dif!erent footing, for this Nation reaps too great a
'' Benefit from our Colonies in the Wejl-lndies to be quite
*' unconcerned, whether or no they keep them&Ives in a
•* proper State of Defence. Jf the People of our refpedive
*' Colonies can bear Taxes, and will not tax themfdves in
" a proper Sute for ^ neceflary a Purpofe, the legiilaeive
Authority of Great-Britain might interpofe, and if they
already pay as many Taxes as they are able to bear, whi<^
are all appropriated to other more neoeflary Purpofes, if
any more noceflary can be, this Natk>n ought to aflift
*^ them; but it looks a little odd, chat while our Governors
'^ are mofl; of them reaping their annual Thoufands, their
refpedive Governments fhould remain without the neceC-
fary Fortifications for Scores ot Years.*'

Thomas

What

Vbffait Wi»ve fiid of the Agreement of Narth and 5tf«/i&-North-Caro-
ICtfirf/fW in tvery Article we treat of, muft be our Excufe for *'°**
liioi'eni^gh^upon It ih this as well ss our former Impre0ion.
Iltfti'&aifate Gbvernn^^ wehaVe theNamesof fe-

LeM^p^ Its Governors (ince that Impreifion, as Ca^. H^dfy,
m'kle^'d Enjerardy CJa^t. Bufrington-y but our Information 1
yjeeh h iliorr, and theSubjed (b barren, that we can add
liioinbrfetoit/but what We borrow from the Rev. Mr. Hugh
hiiies Chaplain td the Affembly of Virginia. " As for North-
l<( tarilinait i&vaftly inferior. Its Trade is ijnallerand its In-.,
|« iiabltaiits thinner and for the moil Pact poprer than Vit-
pmoy neither is their Govenunent extraordinary though
' diey have fpme good Laws, and there is (bme good living
piii tl4s,bu|ie^ Country, in which is Plenty of good Pror

!!ll

<* As ^r theChkiU'ches they are but very few, and iays Mr.
I" JoriBs, I knew of biit one Minifler in the whole Go-

Y vemment, and he had no great Faculty of inHuencing the

Y Pbbpleand islateljr removed thence, and^it Account ^ tht

Y Deficiency of fucb Mimjlers the Revehnd j4uthor complains^
I" thatioudh Reli^on cannot be expedited among aColledion

" of iii6h People as Hy thither from other Places for Safety and

" Livelibbtxl. ForWant of Clergy tbejuflices of Peace wwrry,

r and others perform thdOfSct^ Burial ',lkc comm<Ni nominal

" Chrifiians live there nbt much better than Heathens^ the

Y Sodety for propagating die Gofpel have been frequently

Y difappointed, by^ fometimes pitching upon Perfons that
I" have not anfwered the End of their Mimon.

*' Col. Frederick J oneif one of the Council^ and in a good
Poft and of a good Eftate in North-Carolinay applied to
tne before his Death, defiring me tocomm micate the de-
h' plorable State of their Church to the lateBiJhop of Lon-
I" don, afliired me that if the Society would contribute and
dired them, the Government there would join in eftablifli*
ing fuch Maintenance as might be fufficient for fome
Clergymen to fettle amonp than.
'' I aded according to bis Requeft, but never heard of
"^ the Event of this Application."

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CHAP.

ill' II

Dejcnf. tf
Oar. f. 6.

Cp)3tgunmg a geographic^ Pcfcrjptipn^ti'Cif^i?^, a-
a^(o,aii AcGPuniU of the Qimftte, . Soil^ -^iPiioduial
•icS^ade, firft InhabitaiitSy ^ciUuii^ ji »o aabiii jiiod n|

^'TplS> very wcUknown^ that tJi* Provindlof '€i»«^/Whjj*j
1 1| I been ft'long Titne divided into two fepstate' Qttvqrti
mentSythe one called iyr<>r/^Car«//ntf and the odMr^^fu/J
CaroltM ; but the latter being the more poptilous^ goes gci.]
nerally under the Denotnination of Carclina, and^as iuoh we|
liave treated of it in the foregoing Pages. The Pro{)riecarie$
of Nfirth Carolina are the Proprietaries of Sotkh^Ca^alhia I
though the Governors ace difierent, in other Things they ir^l
exa^ly the fame. And we (hail put them tog^sr in thej
gjBOgraphical Defcription, as alio in our Acosuiye of the Cli.
mate;. Soil, Produdj'OTrade, firft Inhabitants^ tifr.

CaroIinayOS has been faid, contains all theCoaft ofATi^^^i^l
jfmerice, between 31 and 36 Degrees of Northem Latitude. I
Its Breadth is not to be computed, King C/^ffr/^j it having
granted the Proprietors all the Land Weftward iH a dir^j
hU^'^-) from the above-mentioned Degrees to the Sout4i Seas.l
'Tis isk Length three hundred Miles, its Situation is moft
convenient for Trade, the Goaiik pteafant and (afe, not|
Aormy or frozen in the Winter.oj won r mti .■> ^ 1 .. j.

As to the Climate, Mr. jfr^/^/Zei^ iays of ic> Carolina u\
tbi Northern Part of Florida, viz. from 29 Degren 'to 35r,
and it indeed the very Center of the habitable PaN of ihi\
Northern Hemifphere j for taking it to be habitable from tht\
Equino£tial to 64 Degrees^ the Center of Carolina //« in about \
'^2^ which is about the Middle of 64, lying ^ Vel with the]
Land of Canaan, and may be called the temp ».e Zone com-
parativefyy as not being pejiered with the violent litats of the
mere Southern Colonies , or the Extre.Jiojvnd violent Colds of \
the more Northern Settlements. Iti Produ£iion anfwers the
Title of Florida, ^qula Regie eft Fiorida. Carolina North
and South is divided into fix Counties, of which two are in
North Carolina^ Albemarle and Clarendon \ and four in South^ '
Craven^ Berkley ^ Callitonj ind Carteret Counties.

The firft is Albemarle County to. the North, bordering on
Virginia. 'Tis watered by Albemarle River, and in this Part
of the Country lies the Ifland Roanoke^ where Philip Amidas
and Arthur Btirlow, whom Sir fVaiter Rawleigh fcnt to Fir-

ginia^

^nta, landed. This County may be faid to belong to Fir^
nioy as New^ England, (^c. did, which juftifiea King
%arles''s Grant. When C#Tfl/i»fl was^firft fettled, Albe-
tie wds more planted than any of the other Counties, and
nfifted , of near 300 Faniilifls. But the Plantations upoiv
%RiVerWTi(nie<^i^eM/ dpbn it to much, t^t mdft of the
'|intt^$>li«lre r4!!m6ved^^t(Hei>. This River is full of Creeks
both Sides of it, which for' Breadth deferve the Name' of
ivers, but they do not run far into the Country. At Sandy
|>Qt9tiC; divides' itfrif into two Bitmdkaa, NdratokB xidi Ni>i$-^
valid ifttbe North Point Jives ftn /W/jk Nation call^
iiiautrmogtk N€\ttQjdIiemarU h PantegK River, bt^^-
vefH^ch^in 'i» Cape Hattoras, mentioned in tbeUiftory of
firginhiJi l^cxt to it is. Neufs River. . The Coranims an i*itv
l^nHfttion,' inhabit the Country about Cape £00/f0»f. ^ < *^
Next to A^tmarlek Clarendon County, in which is the
|&tnous> Promontary caUed Cape Z^ir, at the Mouth of
marendmKivtXy caird alfo Cape Fear River. Here'>>
Itbouts a Colony from Barbadas formerly fettled. The
mtans in this Neighbourhood are reckoned the moft
llnrbarous of any in the Province. The next River is named
mterey River, or JVinyam,, about 25 Leagues diftant from
Uiii^jf River: *Tis capable of receiving large Ships, but in-
ferior to Port-Royal nor 'is yet inhabited. There's another
pall River between this and Clarendon River called Wingon
River, and a little Settlement honoured with the Name of
ChqrleS'Towny but fo thinly inhabited that it is not worth taking
Notice of, Wc come now to South Carolina^ which is parted
I from North by Zante River. The adjacent Country is called

Craven County, it is pretty well inhabited by Englijh and
I frtnch^ of the latter there's a Settlement on Zamee River,
and they were very inftrumental in the irregular Eledion of
the Vnjieady AJfemhly, The next River to Zantee is Sewee
I River, where fome Families from New-England fettled:
And in the Year i7o(( the French landed there, they were vi-
gorouQy oppofed by this little Colony, who beat ofF the In-
vaders, having forced them to leave many of their Compa-
nions dead behind them. This County fends 10 Members to
the Affembly. We now enter

Berkley County, pafling flill from North to South. The
Northern Parts of this Shire are not planted, but the Southern
are thick of Plantations, on Account of the two great Ri«
vers Cooper and 4/^1^, On the North Coaft there's a little
River called Bowal River, which with a Creek forms an
liland, and off of the Coafts are feveral Ides, named the
Hunting' IJkndi and Sillivanfs IHe. Between the latter and

4 Boual

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Bmal River isa Hidge of Hillff ; ^'wHidf from chA Kahirtf <
th^ Soil is daidd the Sand-Hilk^i l^lM^tWani$ WM
the North-Weft Parts of this Countfi ahd luw fcteral i»(v
PJantatfons upon it, as Coh DanitPs on the ^thSide ar
Col. Dearsbj^s^ lower down oii the Nofth. It ftihs* imJ
G6oper River near the. latter, and thar both unite thj
Streams with A/bley River at CbarUi'Toutn. The late Aft
fembly enacted, That a Church Aiould be built on the South]
Eaft of JVaudo River, and another upon the Neck of Lan/
lying on the North- Weil q£ MCtado^ Ihic we do tipt fee thi
this AA wasobeyed. •» '-nTs*':-;iu'oT«ir{i,n f'w: ■ vimv; r

Charies-Toumj the Gipttal of this Province, it built on
Neck of Land between AJhigy and Ctop^r Rivera, but lyjnij
moft on Cooper River, having a Creek on the Noith Side ahi
another on theSoudi. It lies in 9a Deg. 40 Min; N. Latl
two Leagues foom the Sea. This is &e only ftte Port in thl
Province, which is a great Difcouragefflent to k and a v^il
Injury to Trade : *Tts fortified mere for Beauty than Sfr^gtHi
It has fixBaftions and a Line all rooid k. Towards CnpJ
River are B/a^f's Baftion, GranmUi Baftion, a half Mdofl
and Craven Baftion. On the South Credc are the PaHftde
and J^Jhley Baftion, on the North a Line; and htiag'Mk
River zxeCoilitmBi&vm, J^mf»n*i eovered httlf Moonwitl
a Draw-Bridge in the Line, and another in the hftlf Mooqj
Cdr/^^/ Baftion is next to it. If all thefe Works are well
made, and can be well manned, we fee no Reafcn why ^
ihould not defend as well as beautify the Town; fay^a late
Writer of this Province, we have fortified C/{»«r^j-fiw;»witl
ftrong and regular Works, and erefted another Fort uponi
Point of Land at the Mouth of 4/hley River, which com.
laands the Channel fo well, that Ships can't eafily pafs it.
This Place is a MarketTown,and thither the whole Prbdil^lof
the Province is brought for Sale. Neither is its Trade incon-^
fiderable, for it deals near 1000 Miles into the Continent:]
However it is unhappy in a Bar, that admits no Ships above
aooTuns. Its Situation is very inviting, and theCotmtry
about it agreeable and fruitful : The Highways extremely de-
lightful, efpecially that called Broad-%vay^ which for thrteor
four Miles make a Road and Walk, fi pleajantfy green^ that\
Archd.p.g.fiys yix. Archdale^ I believe m Prince /» Europe by all h'u\
Art can make fo pleafant a Sight for the whole Tear. There
are feveral fair Streets in the Town, and fome very handfotn
Buildings; as Mr. Landgrave Smith*» Houle on the Key,
with a Draw-Bridge and Wharf before it; Col. Rhetfi on|
the Key, alfo Mr. Boone\ Mr. Loggan\ Mr. Schinkififi\
and 10 or 12 more, which defer vc to be taken Notice of.

\M. |9fc ppblidf. Sdificiei^ the Church is moft nmarksble ^ tis
large aA4>A>tely enough; but the Number of the Pcofelibrs
^ the 4niUame WorSup^ kicreafing daily, the Auditory be-
m CO vi¥^% Roon^ and anocher Church. T bis is dedicated
]a'St,JPkiiipy and by the\ Adr, which appointed the Hi^jh
^(nopill^n Court, 'twaa enadkod. That Charlc9-Town, anJ
pNiak ha^een Cooper on^Afliiey River, as far up a4 thi
flantaiim «f John Bird, Gent, on Cooper River, inclufivty
jL ani/rtm .hetfcefcrth JhaUfar ever be a di/iin£i Parijh, b^
JltNomfief Su Philtpf J in Charles-Town: And the Church
lod Ceemetcry then in this Town were enadt^d to be the Paridi
p)uri:|9k«n4Churcb-yaxdbf St.PMx/i'sin CharUs^Town. Mr.
William was the. fa& Church of England Miniiler in Caro*
jitf $ ar^Pev^ of whom, fioce Mr. Marjlon has faid fo
9uch^ Wdi ihaU % no norc. One Mr. Warmd was fene
over after hi0. The Reverend Mr. Samuel Mzr/iml vfSis the
ifft eftabliih'd Minifter at Charles-Tnvn ; and his Succeiibr
Vfl«.Mi, Bd^jard MaffiBn, the prefent Redor of St. Philip's-^
iB came over fevea Yean ago; Mr. Kendal, Minider of
Bfffoudaff was inyitod to this> Colony; and Mr. Corbin, an
AicqiEMiltaiice of Mr. Mthrftmii^ coming by chance, he got
Jin feeni^ in this Province.

; The. Society i^M* propagating the Gofpel fent over one "J"'*^'*
Vku'ihmett^ toconveit the jRawtin-Catholick /m/iW j A«* ^f^Trt" "J'
^did nvt obey his Miffion. On the contrary, *twas by hispr. scan-
Influence on fome Men of Intereft here, that Mr. JK*»<sJW°P'^'^"" *:
was difpkced j upon which he went diftradled. p!j^«^ '^

Mr. fVarmell was alio ufed (b ill by him, that he alfop sS.
died dif^raded \ and Mr. Corbin was forced to leave the Co-
lony, by the carelefs Qjarrels of the Inhabitants, in which
the Diflenters had the leaft Hand. 'Twas by their Pro-
curement that the 150/. a Year, ^c was fettled on the or-
thodox Miniiler of this Church. The Church ftands near
the cover'd Half Moon.

There's a publick Library in this Town, and a Free
School was long talk'd of; whether founded or nor, we
have not le:;rn'd. The Library is kept by the Minifler for
die time being. It owes its Rife to Dr. Thomas Bray, as do
moft o( tbc American Libraries, for which he zealoufly foli-
cited Contributions in England.

Not far off, by Carteret Baftion, is the Presbyterian
Meeting- houfe, of which Mr. Archibald Stebe is Minifler.
Between Colliton and Jjhley Bailion is the Anabaprifl Meet-
ing-houfe, Mr. William Screven Minifter. The French
Church is in the chief Street : Betides which, there is a
Q^uakers Meeting-houfe^ in the Suburbs of it, properly fo

call'd,

I !

1 J;i '

If::' III

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•'-'■'11''' ^

'■''i'H'l! I

:■#':

5ia ne Hijl9ry rf dxdlkkt.

cAVAf on the other *&ie df the DnNr-lMi4|e^ in the Half.
Moon, towird JjbUj River.

To the Southwtrd if the Wucb-hod^^ tad the ttntt
noted Plantaciont in the NdgMxMrbood of Cihirfcs-r«w»
are Ftrgufvrft^ UmdirumtP^ GUStr^ tad G«m§tf9,

We may fee, by thii Defirription, thet the Tinm ti fuU
of Difleotera, and would fionrifli more, were not the In.
hAbitancs unea^ under the Govemnwnt there. For one
may imagine they who iied from EngUmd^ to tvoid Perfe-
cudooy cannot be well pleafed to meet with it in Amtrica ^
nor to cro6 the AtUmtick^ to live under Oppreffion abroad,
while their Relations and Frienda at home aqjoy ill theBief-
fingB of a peaceful and gentle AdminillittiQa.

There are at leaft 250 Familiea in thia Town, moft of
which are numerous, and many of them have i» or la
Children in each ^ in the whole amouatiog ip about 3000

Soull. -w;^. ;,•: ^

In Cbarlis-TowH the Governor generally refide^ the Af.
iembly fit, the Courts of Judicature are held, the publick
Offices kept, and the Bufinefs of the Province are trmuded.

The Neck of Land between Cnper and MU;^ Rivers ii
about 4 Miles over, and the Banka of both of thdeare well
planted. The chief Sctdementa on CMptr River are Ma-
tbiu/Sy Gran^if Gra/a, Starkiy\ GrimMl\ Dickefm\
and JxarJ'si the bttter on Turiy Creek. About t Mile from
thence is the Mouth of Gtofi-Craii which is alio very well
planted. Here Mr. lyilUam Csrbin above*mentioned lived,
and had a Congregation of Church of Bmgkmi Men; and
one of the Churches propoled to be built bv the Aifonbly
which pafs'd the two tatal Ada we have ipoken of, was to
be ereded.

Mr. Thtmasy a Miilionary fent by the Society before-
mentioned, fettled here, by Capt ntvfn and Col. Mtn'i
Solicitations ^ as did Mr. StackbSmfe^ and the Reverend Dr.
Ltjau.

Mr. Marjion^ in his Letter to the Reverend Dr. Stanheptt
accufes Mr. Thomas Of being the Occahaa of the ill Ufsge
that m-ade Mr. Kendal run diftraScd. He complains he
never had Univerfity Educati(»i, ftyiitt, That the heji &ema\
your Society can do this young J^an^ Mr. Thomas, is to nutiri'
tain him a few Tears at on^'of ntr JJmverfituSy where he\
may better learn the Principles und Government ^ the Churchi
^England, i^c. and/ome other u/efiii Leami/igy which Iam\
afraid he wants.

Sir John Teoman% and Mr. Landgrave Bellenger*s Plan-
ticions are here^ as alfo Col* Gibbs\ Mr, Schinking% and I

Collitom

I (7i/Afll;A CdfnpMy . - BM#«d(i this aftd Bad Rittar lire Cot;

lA/jcr's andCoI.^u^rry'sPlimtatidns. ' 5^''^\i!^'

ffdri Riv^ falls imo tTM^/r River, about i Miles above

I Qtift'CrMki' And it« Wcftewi Braftdi a little higher. Here

Lother Church was fropofed to be built. The moftnot«d

plantationt are Gapt. GwAmmi^T'jr and Sir Nathanitl JobnfQn\

bordering on the Barony of Mr. Thomas Collifon,

We iriuft now take a Vie^ of 4fl>h River, where we
lirft meet -with Mr.- Lifigrave fFeJi*^ Plantation on one
Side, and Col» GihbfiWi the other. Mr. Baden's over-
Uainft Col; Gc4friy\ Mr. Simmds's oppofite to Dr. Tre-
\viliian%MdMr* Pi>idarvii's to Mr.^^s, Mr. Coiliton'a
I to Mr. Mar/haP\ and others altpoft contiguOus^^'v • *-\:»r '
Thii Past of the Country belongs to the' Lord S*<^
\kry. On the South- Weft of -<(ft/fy River is the great 5a-
\ma. One of the Churches intended to be ere«^ed in this
{County, was co have been built on JJhley River.

Dtrfh^thf U in this Shire^ bordering on Colliton County,
iTisati^aUXown, containing about 350 Souls. There's a
Meetkig^hottfe belonging to the Independenfts, the Pafto^
of whkh n ^l^tij^hn Lard. Next to it is Stono River,
Uhich^dilPideB i^ri Afy from Colliton County, to which Wfi
n^ now prdceedi obferving only, that Berkiey County
I fends tta Members to the AfTembly. The fame does . "' ^'
Cv/Z/fMr County, vfhida 8ton» River waters, and is joineci^
Ihf.'K Gut, aear Mr. Blat«^ Plantation, to tVadmoolaw Ri-
ler. The North-Eaft Parts of this Divifion of the PrO-
VHiee if AiU ^i Indian Settlements; and the Stonoy and other
IRiversj fom»a^Ifland, call'd;i900ff^s Ifland, a little below
^i&dn/iM-TMc/ii,' which is well' planted and inhabited. The
I two chief Rivers in this County are North-Edijiow and
StittlhEd^MK M the' Mouth of the latter is Col. Paul
QrimbtlP% PlaoCition \ and. lor two or three Miles up the
River^^Hthc Plantations- are thick on both Sides ^ as they
continue for three or four Miles higher on the North-
ii^, and^ branching there^ the RiVer meets with the Norths
Edi/lawd '11 (^ » ' ••

jtTwo Miles higher 'nWiltttn^ by (bme callM New-London^
a little Towfi^ iconfiftui^ of about 80 Houfes. Landgrave
Mtreton, Mt.Jiiaii, Mr. Boone, Landgrave Jxtel, and other
confiderable Planters, have Settlements in this Neighbour-
hood, which is Sir John Colliton*s Precindt.

A Church was to have been built on the South-fide of

the 5/0»tf, had that Projeft gone on, and the Ad taken

eftdt. This County has 200 Freeholders, that vote in £-

' > ■ ' ' Li ^ • i ^ ledtion

! H

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I-

J! 1 ''

i;vi]-

.1- • '.

i'l;:

ill;: !j

liii^'i tl

ne Wftory of Cafolinai'

le€bion for Parliament Men. Ther<*i an of thddot Church
in this Precin<!t, of which Mr. H^tiJfams i» Minifter.

Carttrtt CbuntY is not vet inhabited, but ii generally I
efteemed to be tne moft fruitful and pfeafant Part of the
Province. This and Ctlihin County are diftinguilh'd frotn
the other by the Name of the Southward. In it is the
great River Cambdge^ which joining with the River May^
forms wvth the Sea I (land EdeUm.

The Count ry upon the River May was inhabited by the
Weftts^ an Indian Nation already mentioned. There's a
pleafanc Lake and Valley in it^ and the firft EngUJh that
came to Ctitoima thought of fettling hereabouts; but the
Indians advifcd them to the contrary, beciufe the Harbour
of Port-Rcyal was the fine(^ in Florida^ and would have|
tempted the £^^»mV7r</x to difturb theiti. -^ < i

The Scdts fettled here, under the Lord Cdrdrofs'^ but were!
foon forced to abandon their Settlements, as has been elfe-
where hinted. Port-Rvyal River lies 20 Leagues from AftA
hy River, to the South, in 31 Degrees, 4.5 Minutes, North I
Latitude. It has a bold Entrance, 1 7 Foot low Water on I
the Bar. The Harbour is lai^e, commodious, iknd fafe fori
Shipping, and runs into a fine n-uitful Country, prefierable to I
the other Parts of CaroHna. It fpends itKlf, by variousl
firancba, into other large Rivers. This Port is not 2oo|
Miles from Augujfino^ and Would be a great Curb to thel
Spaniards there, where their Settlement is not very cofi«|
fiderable.

Next to it is the River May^ and then San MattaoA
which ii the laft of any Note in the Englijk Florida y a Nanie|
this Province highly deferves. i'm'^^%m.

Arch, p, 8. The Air of this Country is healthy, and Soil fruitful, of
a fahdy Mould, which, near the Sea, appears ten times morel
barren than it proves to be. There's a vaft Quantity of Vinesl
in many Parts of the Coafls, bearing abundancie of Grapes,!
where one would wonder they fhould get Nouri(hment.|
Within Land the Soil is more mix'd with a bbckifh MouldJ
and its Foundation generally Clay, good for Bricks. I

Its Produ^s are the chief Trade of the Inhabitants, who!
fend it abroad, according as the Market offers; and 'tis inl
Demand m America or Europe. But the chief Commercel
from hence is to Jamaica^ Barbados and the Leewari\
IJlands ; yet their Tradfc to England is very much ihcreafed;
for notwithflanding all the DMbouragetnents the People lie
under, feventeen Ships came lafl Year, laden from Carolina!
with Rice, Skins, Pitch, and Tar, in ttte 'HrginiaBKt]
befides firaggling Ships.

Its!

Tie Hifiory ^Carolini,^

n San Mattao'j
Florida^ a Naonel

^'5

Its principal Cotnmodities are Provifioiu, as Beef» Pork,
I Com, Peafc, Butter, Tallow, Hides, tann'd Leather, Hogf-
head and Barrel-Staves, Hoops, Cotton, Silk, befides what
they iend for England. Their Timber-trees, Fruit-trees,
Plants and Animals are much the fame with thofe in Fir-
L/n/tf, in which Hiilory may be feen a iaree Account of
them : But (ince Mr. Arthdalt has been a little particular
io his, and has added a fhort Defcription of the Natives, ^c,
I we will communicate what he fays to the Reader.

" 'Tis beautified with odoriferous Woods, green all the P. 9.

I '* Year ; as Pine, Cedar, and Cyprefs. *Tis naturally fer-

" tile, and eafy to manure. Were the Inhabitants induftri-

" ous. Riches would flow in upon them } fbr I am fatisfy'd,

Y a Perfon with 500/. difcreetly lakl out in England, and

" again prudently managed in Carolina, Ihall in a few

1" Years live in as much Plenty as a Man of 300/. a

" Year in Engkn/J-, and if he continues careful, not covet-

{" oui, iliall increafe to great Riches, as many there are al-

" ready Witneffes, and many more might have been, if

<* Luxury and Intemperance had not ended their Days.

*' As (O the Air, 'tis always ferene, and agreeable to any
« Conftitutions, as the firft Planters experienced. There^
*' feldom any raging Sicknefs, but what is brought from the
" Southern Colonies, as the late Sicknefs was, which raged
'' jf. D, 1706, and carried off abundance of People in
I " Charles-'Jown, and other Places.

*' Intemperance alfo has occafioned fbme Diftempers.
" What may properly be faid to belong to the Country is,
" to have fome gentle Touches of Agues and Fevers in
" July and Aupijl^ efpecially to new Comers. It has a ibid.
" Winter Seafon, to beget a new Spring." / was there, ?• 7-
idds my Author, at twice, five tears, and had no Sicknefs,
kt what I got by a corelefs violent Cold \ and indeed I per*
(lived thert the Fevers and Agues were generally gotten by Can-
Itfntfs in Cltthing, or Intemperance.

*^ Every tbirtg generally grows there that will grow in any
'* Part of Europe, there being already many forts of Fruits,
♦* as Applet, Peats, Apricots; Ne^karinn?, ijfc. They that
'< once tkiJto of tbem, wiH 'defpife the watry wafliy Tafte-of
« thofe in fi«^/*W. Thei«*8ifttch Plenty of them, that they
|*< are given to the Hogs. In 4. or 5 Years they come
* from«S«one«>bcbeaiirtgTnees. i-*^

'* All ibrts <if Grain thrive in C^olina, as Wheat, Barley^
I ^ Peas, teftf «^ ! And I havt me^red ibme Wheat Ears^y or
^ B of ouf lathea long. It produces the beft Riceh the
1^ known' Wbtfklt. which 4» a- good Commodity Ibr-Returns

LI a . !1 homci

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516 7bi Hiftory e/* Carolina.

*' home; as is alfo Pitch,- Tar, Buck, Doe, Be4r-sktns andl
Fursj though the Jaft not (o good as tbe.Nonhcro G).

Ionics. ' • V-i;;K|t.il l^r

** It has already fuch Plenty of Provirions,that it,in a greatl

Meafure, furniflies Barlados^ Jamaica^ &c. There arel

« vaft Nuinbers of wild Ducks, Gcefe, Teal ; and the Seal

** and Rivers abound in Fidi. That which makes Provi-I

•* fions fo cheap, is the Shortneft of the Winter j for hav J

•* ing no need to mow for Winter Fodder, they can applyl

** their Hands in raifing other Commodities. I

** I'he Rivers are found to be more navigable than was!

«* at firft believed i and 'twas then prudentlv contrived not!

** to fettle on the molt navigable, but on /fjhlty and CoopeA

** River; thofe Entrances are not (b bold as the others, fol

** that Enemies and Pirates have been didiearten'd in theirl

Defigns to dillurb that Settlement. I

*' The new Settlers have now great Advantages over the|

firft Planters, Hnce they can be Aipply'd wiSi Stocks of

Cattle and Corn at reafonable Rates. .h^ ,i

I (hall conclude the Account of Carolina with an Extra^

of a Letter from thence, from a Perfon of Credit, in whofj

Words I communicate it to the Publick: He fpeaks of the

Southward. '^^ •

*' The many Lakes we have up and down breed
<* Multitude of Geefe, and other Water Fowl. All along
** Port' Royal River, and in all this Part of Carolina^ the
*' Air is fb temperate, and the Sealbns of the Year fo regu<
** lar, that there's no Excefs of Heat or Cold, nor any trou^
** blefom Variety of Weather; for thoueh there is ever
Year a kind of Winter, yet it is both morter and milde
than at 4/^ley or Cooptr River, and pafles over infenfiblyJ
as if there was no Winter at all. This fweet Tempera]
ture of Air caufes the Banks of the River to be cover'd
with vark)us Kinds of lovely Trees, which being perl
petually green, prefent a thoufand Landskips to the £yej
fo fine, and fo diverfify'd, that the Sight is entirely
*' charm'd with them. The Ground is very low in mol!
Places near the River ; but rifes gradually at a Diftancel
with little Hills adjoining to fruitful Plains, all cover*/
with Flowers, widliout (b much as a Tree to interrupt thj
Profped. Beyond thefe are beautiful Vaies, clodied wid
green Herbs, and a continual Verdure, caufed by
refrefliing Rivulets that run tbrou£b them. There arei
**^great many Thickets, which promice abundance of Sii
*' files. The Indians make ufe of them for the Cure
^ their Difeafes. There arc alfo Sar^parilla, Caflia-tre

cc
<t

(C
C(
C(

((
cc
<(
«c
cc

Gut

Tie Hi/lory of Carolina.

!•« GunM tni Rofin, very good for Wounds and Bruifes ;
U ind fuch • prodigious Quantity of Honey, which the Bees
l« make every where, that the Store of it is not to be ex-
« haufted. Of this they make excellent Spirits, and Mead
« as good ai Malaga Sack. The Bees Iwarm Bve or fix
•' times. There's a kind of Tree, from which there runs
U an Oil of extraordinary Virtue for curing Wounds. And
« another Tree, which yields a Balm, thought to be fcarce
I" inferior to that of Affcca. ! ^ , >

Silk is come to ■ great Improvement here. Tome Families
I making 40 or 50 1, a Year, and their Plantation Work not
neglecfted, their little Negro Children being fcrviceable in
fieeding the Silk- worms. And we muft do Sir Nathanael
yjohnfon the Juftice, to own he has been the principal Pro-
Doter of this Improvement, as alfo of Vineyards. He makes
yearly 3 or 400/. in Silk only.

But *tis objedted, (ince the Climate is (b proper, Gnce
Grapes, are fo plentiful, and the Wine they make io good,
why there is no: more of it? Why do we not fee Tome

To which I anfwer, That the Inhabitants either think
I they can turn their Hands to a more profitable Culture, or
impofe upon us in their Reports; for I would not think
them fo weak, as to negled making good Wine, and enough
{of it, if they couk), and thought it worth their while.

They maiiufa£^ure their Silk with Wool, and make Drug-
I gets. The French Proteftants have fet up a Linen Manu-
ti^re : and good Romalls are made here.

A French Dancing-Mafter fettling in Craven County^
taught the Indiam Country- Dances, to play on the Flute
and Hautboy, and got a good Eftate; for it feems the Bar-
barians encouraged him with the fame Extravagance, as we
I do the Dancers, Singers and Fidlers his Countrymen.

Though we have faid enough of the Virginian Indiansy
I who are much the fame with the Carolinian ^ yet fmce ve
find Mr. ArchdaU fpeaks of them in particular, let the Read-
I er fee what he has faid of them.

,*' Providence was viiible in thining the Indians^ to make

I •' Room for the Englijh. There were two potent Na-

r tions, the WeJioeszxA Sarannas^ who broke out into aa

" ufual Civil War before the £n^/i/^ arrived ; and from

" many thoufands reduced themfelves to a fmall Number.

" The moft cruel of them, the WeftotSy were driven out

" of the Province ; and the Sarannas continued good Friends

rand ufcful Neighbours to the Englijh. It plcafed God

^ alfo to &nd unufual Sicknefles aiuong them, as the Small-

LI5 «Pox»

S»7

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in!.;.

■lis-!

1 1 I r

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p. a. 3.
P. 7.

■i

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7y&^ Hijiory ^CarolinaT-

Pox, &e. The Ptmlico Indians^ in North Cdrpiina, wire I
" lately fwepc away by aPcftflence; and tht Catt-attint by
" War. The Natives are fomewbac tawny, qccafionedl
** chiefly by oiling their Skins, and by the naked Rays of j
*' the Sun. They arc generally ftraighc body*d, comely ijjj
" Perfon, quick of Apprehenfion, and great Hunters ; by
" which they are not only very ferviceable, by killing Deer,
to procure Skins for Trade with us j but thofe that live
in Country Plantations procure of them the whole Deer's
FleOi, and they will bring it many Miles for the Value of
about 6d. and a wild Turkey of 40 Pounds for theVa-
«Iueof2^.

They have learnt, one of their worft Vices of the Eng-l
lijky which is Drinking, and thatoccaHons Quarrels among
them, one of which we have mentioned in the time of Mr.
ArchdaUh Government. As to what he would excite us to
their Converfion to Chriftianity, 'tis a Projed which, like
a great many other very good ones, we may rather wiflithanj
hope to fee eflfec^d.

Mr. Thomas was fent to inftruA the Tammofees in the I
Chriflian Religion, and had an Allowance of 50/. a Year
from the before-mentioned Society, betides other Allowances: |
But finding it an improper Scafon, his MiflSon isrefpited;
the Reafon is, thofe Indians revolted to the Englijh from the!
Spaniards, and not being willing to embrace Chriftianity,
'tis feared they would return to their dd Confederates, if
any means were made ufe of to that Purpofe. ' n

This Country is in a very flourifhing Condition, the Fa-
milies are very large, infomeare lo or la Children, and the!
Number of Souls, in all, is computed to be 12000. The
Children are fee to Work at 8 Years old. Theordina^
Women take Care of Cows, Hogs, and other fmall Cattle,
make Butter and Cheele, fpin Cotton and Flax, help to
fow and reap Corn, wind Silk from the Worms, gather
Fruit, and look after the Houfe. *Tis pity this People j
ihould not be eafy in their Government j for all their Li<
duftry, all the Advantages of the Climate, Soil, and Situa-
tion for Trade, will be ufelei's to them, if they live under
Oppreflfion j and Penfylvania will have no Occaiioh to com-
plain that flie tempts away her Inhabitants ; bdng a new
Beauty, a fairer, and confequently a poweriul Rival.

■;;■'■; y\

i. '^: I ,',v.-.

h . \ «y. :■:::
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r A «.•*

. .... 7 :. .
•re I ' •

CHAP.

7hf Hiftory g/* Carolina.

' !•'; : .1', 7' .1

.i' ^

CHAP. III.

Fxtrad from' a fate Account of this Province, con-
taining Obfervations not mentioned in the former
FAiition,

5^9

W'"' ,N

/V5

i'.> ;:i/..,

* ••♦ f \t

CJROLINAhm general a plain chatnpain Country, hav-
ing no confiderable Hills for the Space of looo Miles to-
gether along the Goaft, within loo Miles of the Sea. There
jrc, however, almoft every where Rifings, or gentle Afcents,
from 5 Foot to 70 above the Level of the higheft Side. Be-
hind thefe vaft Champain Countries lies a high Ridge of
Mountains, which b^tnning in the Latitude of 34, 90
or 1 00 Miles to the Weftward of the Miffiffippiy run almoft
parallel with the Sea Coaft, behind Flortda^ Carolina^ Vir-
ginia and Maryland, They are varioufly Earned the Jpehhen,
Appellachean and Appellaan Mountains ; from the Foot of
which, to the Sea, is about 200 Miles. The Springs of
moft of the great Rivers in the before-mentioned Provinces
are in thefe Hills.

This Province is capable of containing above fixty times
the Number of its prefent Inhabitants.

The Seafons of fowing Indian Com here, is from the
I ft of March to the loth oljun^. An Acre produces from
18 to 30 Bufhels. The Seed-time of Rice is from the ift
of April to the 20th of May. 'Tis fow*d in Furrows, about
18 Inches diftant ; a Peck ufually fows an Acre, which yields
feldom lefs than 30 BuOiels, or more than 60; but between
thefe two, as the Land is either better or worfe. It is
reap'd in September to the 8 th of OSiober^ and the Produdt
is now become fo lai^e, that it returns to Great Britain at
leaft 80000 /. a Year, including Freight and Commiflion,
which are the moft profitable Articles in the Britijh Com-
merce. In a good Year it can export 80000 Barrels of
400 Weight, and upon a Medium of 7 Years, may make
50000 Barrels, difpofed of as follows, by a Calculation
fix Years ago.

To the South of Cape Finiflre
To the North o/CafC Finiftre
To Great Britain

LI4

1 0000 Barrels.
38000 Barrels.
2000

50000 Barrels.
This

p. It

ki-'

t; !

i, i

W l!

RoJtH*

B ' '?

526 .r^e Hiftory 0/ Carolina.

This Quantity of Rice will employ above loooo Ton of I
Shipping, and may return to Great Britain about 80000/. I
per Annum. , '

This ProduA is (o very large, fo good, and continues fo
increafing, that there is very great Likelihood, that, in a few
Year?, all the Markets in Europe will 'be fupplied therewith
from this Province; the Trade of which is otherwife fo ouch
augmented, that it loads at leaft 200 Sail of Ships yearly
with this and other Produdis from all Parts.
suk-wnmt. Silk-worms in Carolina are hatch'd from the Egg about
the 6th of March', at the fame time that the Mulberry I
Leaves, which are their Food, begin to open. Being at-
tended and fed 6 Weeks, they eat no more, but have fmall
Buihes fet up for them tq fpin themfelves into Balls, which
thrown into warm Water are wound off into Raw Silk.

Rofmy Tar and Pitch are all produced from the Pine
Trees. Rofm by cutting Channels in the ftanding green
Trees that meet at a Point at the Foot of the Tree, where is
placed a Receiver, The Channels are cut as high as one can
reacli with an Ax, and the Bark is peeled off from all thofe
Parts of the Tree that are expofed to the Sup, that the Heat
of it may the more eafily force out the Turpentine, which
being taken from the Receiver and melted in Kettles becomes

Tar is made thus, thc^y prepare a circular Floor of Clay
declining a little towards the Center, froip which is laid a
Pipe of Wood, whofe upper Part is even with the Floor,
and reaches i o Foot without the Circumference, under the
End the Earth is dug away, and Barrels placed to receive the
Tar as it runs. Upon the Floor is built up a large Pile of dry
Pine Wood fplit in Pieces and furrounded with a Wall of
Earth, which covers it all over only a little at the Top where
the Fire is firft kindled. After the Fire begins to burn ihey
cover that likewKe with Earth, to the End there may be no
Flame, but only Heat fufficient to force the Tar downward
into the Floor. They temper the Heat as they pleafe, by
thrufling a Stick through the Earth, and letting the Air in at
as many Places as they fee convenient.

Pitch is made by boiling Tar in large Iron Kettles fet in
Furnaces, or by burning it in round Clay Holes made in the
Earth.
^,,/,. Black Cattle have mightily encreafed fince the firft fettling
of the Colony. About 40 Years ago it was reckoned a great
deal to have three or four Cows, now fome People have 1000
Head, and for one Man to have 200 is very common. The
Cows graze in the Forefts, and the Calves, being feparated
, : .. .' i and

Tat.

Pi'.ch,

The HiJIory of GirolinaJ 52 1

{md kept in Paftures fenced in, return Home tt Night
to fuclcle them. They are firfl: milked, then ihut up in a
I fold ail Night, milked again in the Morning and then turned '
out into the Woods.

Here are Hogs in Abundance, they go daily to feed in the Hog/.
Woods, where they rove leveral Miles feeding on Nuts and
^oots, but having a Shelter made at Home to keep them
warm and fomething given the ^1 to eat, they generally re-
turn in the Evenii^. The Ee md Pork that are raifed by
it6nd a good Market in the S'-h^\< lilands.

The Trade between this Province and England employ one^"'''*
Year with another 22 Sail of Ships, laden with all Sorts of Wool-
len Clothes, StuS and Druggets, Linens, Hollands, printed
Linen and Calicoes, Silks and Muflinsj all Sorts of Iron
\^are, as Nails, Hoes, Hatchets, ^c. Bedticks, ftrong
Beer, bottled Cyder, Raifins, earthern Ware, Pipes, Paper,
Rugs, Blankets, Quilts, Hats, Stockings, Gloves, Pewter
Dimes and Plates, Brafs and Copper Ware, Guns, Powder,
Bullets, Flints, Glafs Beads, Cordage, Woollen and Coctoa
Cards, Steel Hand-Mills, Grind-Stones, Looking and Drink-
ing Glaffes, Lace, Thread, Mohair, and all Kinds of Trim-
ming for Clothes, Pins, Needles, ^c. To purchafe which
are^nt from hence 70,000 Deer-Skins, befides the Com-
modities Rice, t^c. before- mentioned, there are above th0
22 Sail of Ships for the England Trade, 60 Sail annually
entered at CharUi-lown for ibme Places of Jfrica and
America,

From Jamaica^ St. Thomasy Curaffby Barbados and the
leeward' IJkndsy they have Sugar, Rum, Melafles, Cotton,
Chocolate made of Cocoa Nuts, Negroes and Money ;
they fend thither befides Beef and Pork, Butter, Candles,
Soap, Tallow, Mirde Wax -Candles, Cedar, Pineberries,
Pitch and Tar, Shingles and Staves, Hoops and Heading.
From New-England^ Ntw-Tork and Penfylvanla^ they have
Wheat, Flower, Biskct, ilrong Beer, fait Fifli, Onions,
Apples, Hops, and return them Hides, fmall Deer-Skins,
Gloves, Rice, Slaves taken by the Indians in War, fome Tar
and Pitch.

From Madeira and the JVeJiern IJlands they have Wiruy
and fend thither Provilions, Slaves, Heads for Barrels, ^c

From Guinea they have N^ro Slaves, but the Ships that
bring them being fent with the EfFeds that purchafe them
from England^ the Returns are fent thither.

As te the Encreafe of Inhabitants fince the former Im- ^'*^**
predion, the late Writer of Carolina either knew not the
Ufeof Numbers in political Arithmttick^ot was fliy of com-
municating

•}^ I J

/•, I

lir

M\. i;

t«2

7^* Bijhty of Carolina.

munipating his Knowledge of them, for. ha (ays only, « {J
^ is noc neceilary to infert the evad Nunibers of the fevera

inhabitants, but the Proportion they betr to one inothc

and each to the whole are as follows."

■')V: I'i MVI

\0:X;

' >;.r ■

■_.;;' i, C Planters

f, fJ^bitgs< Traders

... : (^Artiians

'.'/■. All the Whites J 1»'k

Indian Sixbjedis > to the whole, as-^^6 ^ to io6
Negro Slvfts J {.22 J

He afterwards fiibdivides the ^hite People into

Epi/eopal ?Mty ^ ^4;^

Prtsbyiirians and \( ' ' -^ ' ' Jj.^l
/^r^«f A Proteftants 3 > to the whole, as< '*'^ ^ to 10

Baptifis ■■, '. :a/- !;^i,-ij., .r-.M,. 'I ^i

Quakers/:

•^ ,:(■>•

CAivrfib. After this Reckoning of more Curiofity than Ufe, thel

E^feopalians are the tnoit numerous of all the DenominatbnsJ

P-'g' 39> 45- and almoft equal them all together \ which is not the State of
the Cafe in other Account^ of this Province. He fays there!
are eight Miniftcrs of the Church of England^ and in ano-
ther Page, that there are ten Church of England Minii^ersJ
who have each 100/. per jinn, paid by the Publick: But thej
ocher Proteftants pay their Minifters by private Contribu-
tions, and alfo contribute alike with the other Inhabitants I
CO pay the Church Incumbents. I (hall not inquire into the
Reafon of this double Payment, which one could very well
liccount for in England^ but leave it to others to compare this
Practice with the EftabliOiment of Religion by the funda-
mental Coit/littttionsy which Locke drew up.

Rtvtnues. There are at prefent no Taxes in South Carolina, but the
publick Revenue arifes from Duties laid on Spirits, Wines,
Staves, Sugars, Melafles, Flower, Biskct, dry Goods, Ira-
pofts 3 per Cent. Deer Skins, Exports 3 farth. a Skin, all which
Duties amount to about 4J00/. per Ann. out of which are
paid

r^/menu. '^^ '''^ Church of England Minijlers.,

For finiflnng and repairing Fortifications^
For the Officers of Forts and Centinels^
: TTo the Governor^ — — - .... —

For Military Stores, . . . — . — . 500

Accidental Charges f -*— — .. 400

1000 /. yearly.
1000

600

200

Total 3500

Which

Tfo Hiftory of Carolina.

S25.

Which taken out of 4500 L there remains yearly icoo /. ,
I to cancel fo much of the Biils of Credit which as mentioned
formerly were ftruck at firft for 6000/. only, but upon Ex-
perience of the gpod Ufe of them, loooo Bills were added
afterwards. They ran at firft with la p^r Cent. Intcreft, but
upon making the fecoiid Parcel, the Currency of them was
fo well eftablifhed and found to be fo convenient, the AfTem-
biy having fecured the Payment of them beyond all Excep-
tion, that the Intereft upon them was quite taken ofF.

Befidcs thefe Bills of Credit, the Currency of thi:; Pro-^owy*
vince in Money is chiefly French Piftoles and Spanijh Gold,
which paiTed before the Ad for regulating Coin in the Colo-
nies at 6 s. and 3 //. a Penny Weight, and 3 d. the odd
Grains, Dutch Dollars and Perwjian Pieces of Eight at 5 s.
There is little Englijh Money, but what here pafles at 50
^r Cent, Advance, a Crown at 7 i. 6 d. a Guinea iX}
\is. 3 d.

The Method of fettling in this pleafant Country^ }[i2aSittkmtn»
hitherto been for Men to pitch upon a voki Piece of Ground,'**"*
purchafed at the Rate of 20 /. for 1000 Acres, and one Shil-;
ling Quit Rent for every 100 Acres, or elfe to pay a Penny
an Acre Quit-Rent yearly to the Proprietors without Pur-
chafe Money. The former Method is the moft common
and the Tenure a Freehold. The Land being laid out the Pur-
chafer builds upon it, raifes Stock, plants Orchards, and JT sol/'
makes fuch Commodities as when foU procure hkn Slaves, cklr^e.
Horfes, Houfliold Goods and other Conveniences, and after
this is done he may yearly encreafe his Capital, and by In-
duftry become rich.

My Author gives in a Scheme of fettling an Eftate of 5 o /.
a Year for 100 /. prime Coft only.

i.l 1

I ■ ,

i!' 1

.'/^^.i

200 /teres o/Land, Purchafey Survey, and other Charges

2 Negro Slaves ^o\. each

4. Cows with Calves at 2^ s. each

4 Sows at 15 s. each
J Canoe, ttmuji be by a River
Axes, Hoes, Wedges, Hand-Saws, Hammers and other }

Tools 5

A Steel Mill

Afmall Houfe, Hut or Cabin for the firjl Year or two
Corn, Peafe, Beef, Pork, &c. for the firft Year
Expenees and Contingencies.

3
3

s.
o
o
o
o
o

2 O

3
8

o
o

150 /. Carolina Money, or 100 /. Sterling.

There

524 Sr^^ Hi/hry ^Carblina. '

There are many who at their fettling fave the grea
Charge of Slaves and do the Labour themfelres, and this re-
duces the firft Settlement of 150/. a Year to 70 /. only.
As for thofe who have no Subftancc at all, and would hire
,,, ' out their Labour, Wages run thus. ' ? 1

r:J.

tj( /;

1.:

Price 9f La-

A Taylor
A Shoemaker
A Smith
A Wiavtr
A Bricklayer
A Cooper

- s. d.

7
3
6

o
6
6

a Day,

almoft as cheap as in England.

three Times as dear as in England.

tsg, 58. The Carolina Writer recommends to the Board of Trade
tO;get Seedi oli Almonds^ Dates, OliveSy CcffeOs Tea, Drugs,
tlfc. growing and thriving in Climates of tne fame Latitude
as CaroUtta, including the fined Countries in the World, to
have them carefully preferved, fent to Carolina and there
propagated.
f^'S9*& This Author's Scheme in general is^fo to lay out ($000/. and
/'*' that in Freight, Tools, Clothes and Necejfaries, as that it (hall

in 20 Years Time bring in 3(^)5(^2 /. and have an improving
Stock in Carolina to the Value of 7000 /. If I was more in
Love with general Schemes and this in particular, I ihould
not depend on the Succefs of either at Home or Abroad.

, • - . "■ i-

it. i'

■"7 • v* '' f

THE

.1 .':

^'•;i'* ( 525 ) ^--v

THE

H 1 S T O R Y

IP' 1

■■•••»'■' ■• ■"■.•". \'

O F

G E O R G I A.

( .

»732.

TH E Gentlemen who firft formed the DeHgn of
Settlements in this Country (then a Part of
Carolina) did it as a charitable Foundation by
. providing for Numbers of poor People, not only
to live comfortably themfelves, but to be a Benefit to the
People to which they were before a Burthen. This they
gave out, and invited all well difpofed Perfons to join with
and aflift them in fo ufeful and laudable an Undertaking. Iii
order to proceed regularly and effe<Shially they petitioned the
King for a Charter, which was granted them in the Year

1732.

The Charter grants to the Truftees and their SuCceflbrs, Chmw^
all the Lands and Territories from the mod Northern Stream
of the Savonah River, all along the Sea Coaft to the South-
ward unco the mod Southern Stream of the /flatamahaRivcr^
and Wdftward from the Heads of the faid Rivers refpe(3ively
in diredt Lines to the South Seas, and all that Space, Circuit
and Precindt of Land lying within the faid Boundaries, with
the Iflands in the Sea oppoiite to the Eaftern Coaft of the
faid Lands within 20 Leagues of the fame, ^r.

It is a vaft Traft of Land Southward of C^rc/zW, divided
from it by the River Savannah^ and bounded on the South
by the River Jlatamaha^ which are both large and navigable.
From one River to the other at the Sea, is between do «nd
70 Miles, and as (bme fay fince 120 Miles, and its Extent
from the Sea to the jipalatian or Afallachean Mountains, is
about 300 Miles widening very much in its Progrefs from
tbeSea.

This

;i ■

■Xx

■ ii

526

I ! '

i 7

The Hi/hry ^Georgia.

This Country was ereded into a Province called Georgia
a Name taken from that of his Britannick Majefty, and is
born by the moft fruitful Kingdom in Jfui^ inhabited by
Chriftians from the Times of the Apoftles.

About the End of the Month of jluguji 1732, Sir G'llbtn
Heathcote acquainted the Court of Directors of the Banic of
England^ that his Majefiy had granted a Charter foreftablifli.
ing a regular Colony in Georgia y that the Fund was to arife
from charitable Contributions which he recommended to
them, (hewing the great Charity of the Undertaking and the
future Benefit arifing to England by ftrengthning all our Ame-
rican Colonies, by encreating the Trade and Navigation of
the Kingdom, and by raifing of Raw-Silk, for which upwards
of 500,000/. a Year was paid to Piedmont^ and thereby
givingEmploymenttoThoufandsof Tradefmen and working
People. Then Sir Gilbert gave a handtbm Benefadtion to the
Defign, and his Example was followed by the Diredors then
prefent, and a great many others belonging to that opulet)t
Society { and James Vernon^ Robert Hucis^ and George
Jieathcete^ Efqrsj paid into the Bank (the Treafury for this
Ufe) 100/. each for the Charity, which was conduced
by tne following Noblemen and Gentlemen as Truftees.

Anthony Karl of Sbaftsbury.
^hhn Lord Vifcount Percivjul.
hhn Lord Vifcouut Tyrconnel.
^ ^ames Ld. Vifcount Limerick,
'Genrge Lord Carpenter,
Edward Digby, Efq;
James Oglethorpe^ Efqj
George Heathcote^ E(q^
Yhomas^ower, Efq; ;•
Rabert More, Efq;
Robert Hmks, Efq^
WiUiam Shper, Efq^

Francis Eyles, E%
John Laroche, Efq;
Jamei Vernon, Efq;
Stephen Hales, A. M.
Richard Chandler^ Efq;
Thomas Frederick, Efq;
Henry L* Apoflre, Efq;
William Heathcote, Efq:
John mite, Efq;
Robert Kendal^ £^;
Ricb^r4 Bundy, D. D.

Collections were made all over England and large Sums

raifed, and the Parliament gave 10,000/. which enabled the

Troflees to entertain many poor People that ofiered, and to

make Provifion for their Tranfportation and Maintenance tiil

they could provide for themfelves. ^ «: v.' ,• 1 •:! s.ii .

Firjiimbof' 6n the 5th of Newmbgr the Perfons choien by theTruf-

kathn. tea to be fent over beii^ about 100 in Number, embarked

at Gravefend on Board the Anm of 200 Tons Capt. 7homat.

They had with them all Manner of Tools, Artnsand Amali^

nitions. And on the 15th, James Oglethorpe^ Efq; one of

,: rr the

• He Hiflory o/* Georgia. 527

thfc 1* ruftees, fet out for Grave/end, to embark on tx>ard
the fatne Ship, in order to go and fee the firft Settlement
made^ and on the x 5 th of January following, they arrived
It Ctrro/fffo in good Health.

The Governor of that Place received »ihem with gfeat
Marks of Civility id Satisft<Slion, and order'd Mr. Middle^
ttrij the King's Vsiui:, to carry the Ship into Port^Royal^
and fmall Crsdt to convey the Colony from thence to the
River Savannah. In ten Hours they proceeded to Port^
Royal. On the i8th Mr. Oglethorpe went alhore upon
french's Ifland, and left a Guard upon John's, being a
Point of that IHand which commands the Channel, and b
about half way between Beaufort and the River Savahrtab,
They had Orders to prepare Huts for the Reception of the
people in their PafTage. From thence Mr. Oglethorpe went
to Beaufort ToWn, and was falated with a Difcharge of
the Artillery, and had a new Barrack fitted up v^ere the
Colony landed on the 20th, and were chearftilly af-
fitted by Lieutenant Pf^atts and Enfign Farringtdn, and the
other Officers of the Independent Company; as alio by
Mr. Deiehar, and Other Gehdemen of the Neighbourhooa^
From thence he went to view the Savannah River, and
pitch'd upon a convenient Spot of Ground 10 Miles up the
River. But Mr. Oglethorpe's Letter from thence will bef
moft fatisfadbory. ** The River there fbrms a Half-M<*in,'savanah
" around the South- fide of which, the Banks are about ^o^""^-
** Foot high, and on the Top a Flat, which they call ii
" BlufF. Tiie plain high Ground extends into the Country
" five or fix Miles, and along the River about n Mile,
'' Ships that draw twelve Foot Water can ride within ttti
" Yards of thfc Bank. Upon the River-fide, in the Cenlef
** of this Plain, I have laid out the Town. Oppofite to it
is an Ifland of very rich Pafturage. The River is pretty
wide, the Water firefli, and from the Key of the ToWn
y6u fee the whole Courfe of the Sea, with the Ifland -
of Tyhee^ Which forihs the Mouth of the River j and the
other way, yOo fee the River for about 60 Miles up into
" the Country. The Landskip is very agreeable, the Stream
being wide, and b6rder*d with high Woods on both Sided.
" The whole People arrived here the ift of February , at
"Night their Tents TVere got up; till the 7 th they were
** takeAi up in tmloading and making a Crane, which I then
" 6oUld not ger''fiftidi'a, fo took off the Hands, and fet
" Ifottie TO the FttftHicsrtion, and began to fell the Woods.
* 1 tnarit'd out tht To^^nd Cbmmon; half of the for^
** mcr isalr/Mdy clcar'd, and jhc^rft Houfe wa$ hepiti

3 ** Yefterday

((

|i? ii

i'i: *;'

I'.i'l

111-, I

■i.i

i'[-

s?»

77je Hifiory ^Gcoigia;

** Allowance. A little Irulian Nation, the only one v':' r.
''50 Miles, is not only at Amity, but defirous to i .'«;S.
•* jc£^8 to his Majcfty King Gtorgt^ to have Lands given n.ern
**- among us, and ' to breed their Children at our Schools. I
<' Their Chit/znd his beiovtd Matty who is the fecond Man
*' in the Nation, defire to be inftrudted in the Chriftian
" Religion.

Mr. Oglethorpt called the Town Savanahf the Name alfo
of the River. The Indian Nation here was before call'd
TammacraWy and had for Chief Tomochichiy of whom more
hereafter* from hence, by another Letter, dated Ftb. 20th,
1 7)3, he wrote as follows : *

*' Our People are all in perfed Health. I chofe the Situa-
*' tion for the Town upon a high Ground, 40 Foot perpendi-
'^ cular above high- water Mark; t1ie Soil dry and Tandy, the
** Water of the River freHi, Springs coming.out of the Sides
** of the Hill. I pitch*d on this Place not only for the
*' Plea(antne(s of its Situation ^ but becaufe from theabove-
*' mentioned, and dther Signs, I thought it healthy ^ for it
*' is (helter'd from the Weilern and Southern Winds (the
** worft in this Country) by vaft Woods of Pine-trees, many
** of which are 100, and few ui^der 70 Foot high. There
<« is no Mofs on the Trees, tho' in moft Parts of Carolina
*' they are cover'd with it, and it bangs down 2 or 3 Foot
♦' from Ihenj.

Hither came to them Col. Bull firom Carolina^ with a
Meflage from the General AlTembly to Mr. OgUtborpe, and
ft letter from Governor Jsnesy acquainting them with what
was done for them in Char let-Town^ where Notice had been
fent of their coming.

Col. Bull brought with him 4. of his Negroes, who were
Sawyers, to alTift the Colony, and alfo Provifions for thofe
Negroes, that the Truft might be at no Expence on them.

On the 9th Mr. Oglethorpt and Col. Bull marlc'd out the
Square, the Streets, and 40 Lots for Houfes. The drft
Houfe was made of Clapboards. The, Jliver before the
Town is a 1000 Foot wide. . "u.

, After Mr. Oglethorpe had fettled the firft Colony, he re-
turned to Charles-Towny to iblicit for Alfiifamce tor his Co-
lony, and very large Supplies were given them, not only
by the Aflerobly, but almoft the whole Body of the People.
Five hundred Pounds of that Money Mr. Ogktkwrpt imm&
diacely laid out in Cattle. " '...,■

„ ' . .- - . . • 'From I

I'he Hiftory of Georgia.

From thence he returned to Savanah^ and on hi$ Way
lay at Col. Uull\ Houfe, pn jlflAey Kivcr. There the Rev.
Mir. Guy^ Rcdlor of St. Johti\ Parifli, waited on him, and
told him his Parifhioners had raifcd a handfom Contribution.

Being arrived at Savanah^ he found that Mr. ff^iggan^
the Interpreter, with the chief Men of the Lower Creek Na-
tion, had been to treat of an Alliance with the new Colony.
The Lower Creeks are a Nation of Indians^ who formerly
coniifted of io,but now arfc reduced to 8 TribeSjWho have each
their different Government ; but are allied together, and fpealc
the fame Language. They claim from the Savanah River
as far as St. Augujiino^ and uip Flint River, which falls into
the Bay of Mexico, Tomochichi Mico, and the Indians of
Yammacraw are of the Creek Nation and Language.

Mr. Oglethorpe received the Indians in one of the new
Houfcs. They were as follow.

529

From the Tribe of Coweeta*
Tahou-Lakee, their King or Mtco.

Indian A'4-
tto>is fubmi't
to the Eng-

Effabooy their IVarrior^ the Son of old Breen^ lately dead, l^'^*
whom the Spaniards call'd Emperor of the Creeks^
with 8 Men and l Women Attendants.

From the Tribe of Cujfetat.

Cuffeia their Mico.

fatchiquatchi^ their head Warrior, with four Attendants.

»
From the Tribe of Owfeecheys,

Ogeefe the Mico^ or War King.

Neathlouthko and Ougachi^ two chief Men, with tbret
Attendants.

From the Tribe of Cheechaws.

Outhleteboay their Mico^ Jhlautho-thlukee, Figeer^ SoOta-^
milla^y^ix Captains, with three Attendants.

From the Tribe of Echetas.

Chutabeeche and Robin^ two War Captains (the latter wafi
bred among the Englijh) with four Attendants, ^

From the Tribe of Palachucolas.
Gillaietj their head Warrior, and 6vc Attendants.

M m

Vs6i%

1* !'

I; ! '

'ii'

r -i,.

;.'::

p^o ^he Hi [lory of Georgia.

From the Tribe of Ocenas,

Oueckachumpa^ call'd, by the EngUfl)^ Long King, Qoo'
tvoof a Warrior.

From the Tribe of Eufault.
Tomaum'i, head Warrior, and three Altendams.

The /ri(i.\nis being all fcated, Ouetkachumpa^ a very tall
old Man, ftood and made a Speech, which was interpreted
by Mr. If'iagan and Mr. Mufgrove^ and was to the follow-
ing Purpofe : He firji clalmtd all tht Land to the Southward
of the River Savanah, as belonging to the Creek Jndianc.
They then faid, Though they were but poor and ignorant he
that had given the Englifli Breath had given them Breath alfo.
That lie who had made both had given more Wifdom to
white Men: That they were perfuaded tiat the great Power
which dwelt in Heaven and all around (and then he fpread
out his Hands, and lengthened the Sound of his Words)
and which hath given Breath to all Men^ had fent the Eng-
lifli thither for the InJiru£iion of them, their fVives and Chil-
dren : That therefore they gave them up freely their Right to
all the Land they did not ufe thcmfelves. That this vjas not
only his own Opinion^ but the Opinion of the eight Towns of .'/;
Creeks j each of ivhom having confulted together ^ had fm
fotne of their chief Men with Skins, which is their Wealth.
Then the chief Men brought a Bundle of Buck-skins^ and
laid eight from the eight Towns before Mr. Oglethorpe. He
faid, Thofe were the be/l things they had,, and that they gave
them with a good Heart. He concluded with thanking him
for his Kindnefs to Tomochi,:hi Mico^ and his Indians^ to
whom he faid he was relaN d j and though Tonmhichi was
banifh'd from his Nation, that he was a good Man, and had
been a great Warrior, and it was for his Wifdom and Juftice
that the banifli'd Men chofe him King. He alfo laid he
had heard that the Cherokees had kill'd fome Englijhmen^ and
that, if Mr. Oglethorpe would command them, they would
enter their whole Force into the Cherokee Country, deftroy
their Harvefb, kill the People, and revenge the Evglijh.
When he had done fpeaking, Tomochichi came in with the
Tammacraw Indians^ and 'trtiking a low Obrnhncp, fai j, /
was a Hniflid Man\ I came here poor and hehl'fi to h-^ for 1
good Land near the Tombs of my Ancefhrs, am. n'. iing-

lifli came to this Place^ I feared you would drive us away^ for
v)e Mere weak and wanted Corn j but you confirmed our Land I
$Q MS , an* gave us Food. I

Then

^e Htftory of Georgia.

Then the Chicft of the other Nations made Speeches
tnuch to the fame Purpofe as OunJtachumpa*s. Attcr which
they agreed with Mr. Oglethortt on a Treaty of Alliance and
Commerce, which was figned by him arjd them. A laccd
Coat, a laced Hat, and a Shirt wasei' -i ro each King, and to
each of the Warriors a Gun, a Maiulc of Dufflsy and to
all their Attendants coarfe Cloth for Clothing, and other
I Things.
The Articles of Agreement were,

Tl.i* Trujitei engaged to let their Ptoplg carry into the Tri-
! f'.v^ 7'cwns all Sorts of Goods, fitting to traae at Rates an^
I [htc-s fettled by the Treaty.

Re/litution and Reparatioh to be made for Injuries on both
I I'JeSy and Criminals to be tried and punlfhed according to the
EnpliOi Law,

Trade to be withdrawn from any Indian Town, offending ., -
Wlnft Treaty.

The Enp;. Pi '> ■p':tTefs all Lands not ufed by the Indians*

\mvlded .hat J upon fettling of every new Town the Englifli

UmMfet "ty '^thc ufe of their Nation, fuch Lands as Jhould

\u>':'-'d on bit'^vccn the Knglidi beloved Men, and the head

tU'K (f their Nitiott.

To rejlo/ e all run-away Negroes^ and carry them either to

Charles- Town, the Savanah, or Patachuchula Garrlfon^

upon being tald for every fuch Negro four Blankets, or two '

Guns, or the Value thereof in bther Goods, if taken on the

L//; r Side of Ocotiyy River j and ore Blanket, if the Negro

I is k'tWd in takingy or endeavouring to make his Ejcape.

Laftly, They promlfed with Jireight Hearts and Love to
I \hlr Brother EngliHi, to give no Encouragement tc any other
\ white People to fettle there -y and to all this theyfet the Marks
if their families.

The Treaty concluded, the Car6 of the People, and of
[carrying on the Works, was left to Mr. St. Julian and Mr.
Scott, andjMr. Oglethorpe fet out again for Charles-Town, in
I order to return to England.

On the 14th oi May, Cz^t, Toakley^ in the Ship Jamesj nrjt sUf
I arrived at Savanah, with Paflengers and Stores for that Fhce.from En^-
I The Ship rode in two Fathom and a half Water, at low Wa-'*"*^*

'^aric, clofe to the Town, and unloaded there, and the
Captain received the PriM order'd to be given to the fir it
I Ship that fliould unload at that Town. In his Pafiage up the
River, he found the Bar and the Channel very good, and
Water enough for ^mps of much greater Burden than his^
100 Tons, M m a Soort

i3* I'

' I

' .!>■

1^:

:2 • :!!

ft;

53*

1734-.

Tbe Hijlory of Georgia.

Soonafter, about 50 Families were accepted by the Truf-
tces to be fent over in their Ship Francisy Capt. Lionel lp'ood\
Commander.

Thefe Truftees had their anniverfary. Meeting March the!
21ft, 1733-4., ^"^ ^^^ Accounts being laid before them, it
appeared that they bad received, fince the Date of their |
Charter,

'• /. d.

For eftablifliing their Colony — 144 '4 6 7
For the religious Ufe thereof — 202 ly 8

And for encouraging and improving?
Botany and Agriculure in Georgia S

205 10 o

14.822 12 3

}

That they had applied towards efta-
bliHiing and fettling in the faid
Colony j7(S Britijh^ and 115 Fo-
reigners, in all 491 Perfons.

For the religious Ufe of the faid Colo-
ny, the Society for propagating the
Gofpel maintaining the Minilter,
until Glebe Land is cultivated for
him,

And for encouraging and improving?
Botany and Agriculture in Georgia S

8013 4 3

2 a

187 10

8202 16 6

Bcfides the Perfons fent by the Charity, there are 7.1 MaJ
fters, and i c6 Servants gone at their own Expence. Thu^
the whole Number of Perfons, at this time embark'd to
fettle there, amounts to 6j8, whereof Men 320, Women
113, Boys 102, and Girls 83.

At the End of this Summer, 1734, Mr, Oglethorpe hxow^i
over CO England with him Tomochichi, Mico or King of thj
Tavnnocraws Senawki his Queen, and Tocnakowi the PrinceJ
his Nephew, as alfo HilUfpilliy a War Captain, and Apal
kowtiki^ Stimalechi^ Sintouchi^ Stinguitki and Umpychi^ fivd
other Indian Chiefs, with their Interpreter. They werd
lociged at the Georgia Office, Old Palace Yard, where theJ
were handibmly entertained, and being fuitably drcfs'd, werd
introduced to the Court, then at Kenfmgton, I'omochichi preJ
fented to the King feveral Eagles Feathers, which, according
to their Cuftom, is the molt refpedful Gift he could of^erl

ani

TZv Hiftory of Georgia. ^jj

and made the following Speech to his Majefty : *' This Day
*< I fee the Majefty of your Face, and Greatnefs of your
« Houfe, and the Number of your People. I am Come
" for the Good of the whole Nation call'd the Creeks, to
" renew the Peace they had long ago with the Englijh. I
" am come over in my old Days ; though I cannot live to
" fee any Advantage to myfelf, I am come for the Good
" of the Children of all the Nations of the Upper and
«' L'^wer Creeks, that they may be inftrudted in the KnoW"
« ledge of the Englijh,

*' Thefe are the Feathers of the Eagle, which is the fwifr-
" eft of Birds, and who flyeth all round our Nations : Thefe
" Feathers are a Sign of Peace in our Land, and we have
" brought them over to leave them with you, O great King,
" as a Sign of everlafting Peace.

*' O great King ! whatfoever Words you (hall fay unto
«' me, I will tell them faithfully to all the Kings of the
" Creek Nations." To which his Majefty made a gracious
Anfwer, afluring thofe Nations of Procedion and Regard.

The nqxt Day one of the Creek Train dying of the Small-
pox, was buried after the Manner of his Country in St.
John^s Burial-Ground, JVeJiminJIer ; the Corpfe being few'd
up in two Blankets, with one Deal Board under, and another
over him, and tied down with a Cord, was carried to the
Place of Interment on a Bier. There were only prefent
King Tomo, two or three of the Chiefs, the upper Church-
warden and the Grave-Digger. When the Corpfe was
laid in the Earth, the Clothes of the Deceafed were thrown
into the Grave ; after this a Quantity of Glafs Beads, and
then fome Pieces of Silver j the Cuftom of thofe hidiam
being to bury all the Deceafed's EfFcdts with them. They
ftaid fome time in England, and faw all the ufual Sights,
with which they were furprized and pleafed.

Before Mr. Oglethorpe came to England^ he fent Mr. chnflaw
Thomas Jones to endeavour to bring the Cba^iaw Nation I '"'ans
into the Alliance, and fettle Commerce with them. '°'°'^*

Six Months after Mr.Jones returned to Savanah with five of
the chief Men of that Nation, and fix of their chief Wairiors,
and with them feveral of the Upper CreekSjWho had alllfted Mr.
Jones in his Negotiation. This Cha^aw Nation lies ncx't
beyond the Creeks, ftretching beyond the Gulpli of Alexico,
and confequently in the way to the Mouth of the Mijfijjlppi,
and reckon'd by the Indians a powerful Naiion, beii)g aUe
to bring 5000 Men into the Field. They have abundance
of Deer-skins, Wax, Furs, and Peltry j but coujd nevqr be
prevailed on to trade with Carolma.

Mm 3 ThP

^ -1

■^i

r3^ f/je Hi/lory of Georgia.

The Magiftrates of the Town of Savanah received them
in the beft Manner they could, and made them fuch Prefents
as they thought would be moft agreeable to them. Cof.
Bull happen'd to be there at that time, and aflliftcd the Ma-^
giltrates with his Advice ; and the Cha£law5 returned home
extremely pleafed with their Reception, and carried with
them Propofals of Peace and Commerce for Ratification.

Tomochkhi and the other Indian Chiefs re-embark'd on
board the Prince of fVales, commanded by Capt. George
Dunbavy who was bound for Georgia with a Tranfporc of
Saltzburghersy German Protettant Refugees, and arrived at
Savanah December the 27th, from whence Capt. Dunhar
wrote, ** That foon after his Arrival, there was a Rumour
'* of the Spanift) Indians having paffed the Ogeeche River-
'^ upon which, with other Englijhmen^ I failed from Sa~
'' vanah to the Coaft for InteWigence. If Temochicb?s Af-
fairs at home had not requited his Prefence, he affured
me he would go with us in Pcrfon ; and if he was cer-
tain any Enemies were in our Neighbourhood, nothino-
" fliould then detain him; but 3 of his Indian Chiefs inGfted
ongoing, and they went with i|S.
** I'he 8 th we arrived at Thunderbolt, where the Perfons
who are fettled have cleared and fenced fo much Land,
that they cannot fail this enfuing Seafon of felling great
Quantities of Provifions. They have made a very great
" Advance in the Pot-AHi Manufedture, have three Houfes
" finifh'd within a good Fortification, ■ and have loaded a
Sloop for the Madeiras with Pipe-ftaves fince my be-
ing here.
jii.di v.y, ** We were at Skidaway all Night, where they have made
a much greater Progrefs, both in Houfes and Land, than
I expecfted. They are (o regular in their Watch, that no
Boat can pafs by. Night or Day, without being obliged
to bring to, of which I had the Proof on my Return-
their Battery confining of three Carriage and four Swivel
Guns, is in very good Order. Two Miles South of this
" Settlement the Scout-boat lies, when at home, where
*' they have a very commanding Profped, and can put to
*' Sea at any time of Tide.

" We fearch'd the fevcral Illands as far as Jekyl liland,
" and the Mouth of the River Alatamaha, but found none
but our friendly Indians. We returned back to Savanah
the 19th of January.

" I Oiall load here, and ate in contra(fl for 800 Barrels
of Rice, Pitch and Tar on freight for London, and hope
to complete my Lading with the Products of Georgia.

box.

((

«c

Tlje Hiflory of Georgia.

In May, 1735, the Inhabitants of Savanah had pretty
near finilh'd their Fort, there being now a good Number of
Houfes, fome of Brick. In the Beginning of January fol-
lowing, about 150 Scotch Highlanders arrived at Savanah^
deligned to fettle on the Frontiers of that Colony next the
Spaniards, They llaid there a iliort time, in Expedation of
Mr. Oglethorpe ; but he not coming fo foon as expedted, the
Highlanders conveyed themfelves in Periaguas xo the South-
ward, and fettled by the Side of the River Alatamaha^ a-
bout 1 2 Miles from the Sea, where they raifed a little Fort,
upon which they mounted the four Pieces of Canon they
brought with thera, and built a Guard-houfe, a Store-houfe,
a Chapel and feveral Huts, and gave the Name of Z)i7r/tn Da rien.
to their new Settlement.

On the 5th of February^ the Ship Symonds, Capt. Corn'JJ:^ GrMUr im
and the London Merchant, Capt. Thomas, with Mr. Oglc~'''^i^^t('0'i^
ihorpe^ and about 300 Paflengers on board, pafs'd the Bar
of Tybee^ and anchor'd in the Road of Savanah. Mr. Ogle-
thorpe went immediately to fee what Progrefs was made in
raihng the Beacon of Tybee, and fent Advice of his Arrival
to the Governor of South Carolina.^ and alfo Orders to the
Independent Company to prepare for their marching to the
Kland of St. Si?non. On the 6th he arrived at Savanah,
and was received with the Difcharge of the Artillery, and
by the Freeholders under Arms, with the Conllables and
Tything Men at their Head. He immediately gave Orders
to provide Materials for building a Church, and to run out
ihe Wharf for landing of Goods, and alfo for raifing 100
Men for clearing the Roads and finifhing the Fortifications;
50 prefently ofFer'd themfelves voluntarily for this Work at
Savanah, and 20 more from Purrysburgh.

On the 7th, the Honourable Hc£Jor Bcringer de Beau-
Ihin, Efq; Capc. Holzindorff, Mr. Fifsley Dcehillon, a Pa-
trician of Bern, and feveral other of the Swifs Gentlemen
from Purrysburgh waited upon Mr. Oglethorpe^ and acquaint-
ed him with the Condition of their Town.

The next Day, the Baron Von Reek, and the two Saltz-
bwgh Minifters came down from Ebenezer, with the Re-
queft of the People to be removed from the Fords where
they were, down to the Mouth of the River, and that thefe
Saltzburghcrs jull come over might not go to the Southward,
but join them. Mr. Oglethorpe fet out for Ebenezer in the
Scout-boat, to fee if the Reafon they gave for being re-
moved was true. He came fir ft to Sir Francis Bathurji\
Houfe, fix Miles above Savanah, where he took Horfe,
and pafled by a Saw-mill, fet up by Mr. Augujlinc, and ar-

Mm 4 yived

535

1735-

i:;:

1 : ti

lev

N?w Ebe

536 • ^he Hi/lory of Georgia.

0:J Ebsne rivcd the fame Night at Ebenezer, where the Saltzhrgheri
^''' had built a good Wooden Bridge over the River 10 Fooc

broad and 10 Foot long. There were in the Town 4 good
frame Timber Houfes, built at the Contribution Charge, one
for each of the Minifter.'!, for a School-niafter, and a publick
3tore. There were alfo a Chapel and a Guard houfe built
by the People, and a great Number of fplit Board Houlbs
all which the People were refolvcd to forfake, and make a
new Settlement downwards. Mr. Oglethorpe endeavoured to
perfuade them againft it on feveral Accounts j but their own
keafons having more Weight with them, their Prayers and
Tears prevailed with him to confent to their Requeft, and
he order'd a Town to be mark'd out for them in the Plice
they defired. That Night he lay at Col. Purryh Houfe
and the next Day returned to Savanah^ and on the 12th
he fee out to take Pofleflion of the Ifland of St. Simon
where arriving in about two Days, he fet People to work
and they foon got up a Houfe, thatch'd it with Palmecto*
Leaves, dug a Cellar, built a Store- houfe, and mark'd out
a Fort with four Baftions.

From thence he vifited the Highlanders at Darien, whom
he found under Arms, with their Plads, broad Swords, Tar-
gets and Muskets; and in Compliment to them, Mr O'^le-
thorpe^ all the while he was there, drefs'd in their Habit •
and in a few Days he returned to the Ifle of St. Shnm
where, by his Prefence and Diredion, the Works were
j-5^,. carried on with fuch Expedition, that by April the Fort
was near fini^h'd, and 37 Palmetto Houfes built. The Fort
*•': -dcr ca. was called Frederica^ and was a regular Square with four
BafHons, and furrounded by a Ditch, with fome Out-works
which were fet round with Cedar Palifadoes, and the Ram-
parcs were faced with Green-fward. Behind the Fort a
Town was laid out, and the Ground being properly divided
the People were put in Pofledion of their refpecHve Lots,
in order that each might begin to build and improve for
himfelf; all that was already raifcd, manured, or fown
had been in common for the publick Benefit.

Soon after Mr. Ogltthorpe\ Arrival on the Ifland of %t..
Simon, Tomochichi^ his Nephew, and a large Party of Indians
came down to him, and brought him as many Deer as fed
the Colony for fome Days. They told him they would
hunt the Buffalo as far as the SpaniJJ) Frontiers ; but he be-
ing apprchenlive, from fome Words, that they defigned to
fall on the Span;JJ) Out-guards, told them, he would go 3-
long with them. They faid then they would fliew him (as
they promifed to the King oi England) what Lands belonged
' ' ' " ' tq

537

ne Hijlory of Georgia.

to their Nation. The firft Day they carried him to an
Illand at the Mouth of J/-^/' Sound, where, on a high
Ground, commanding the Palfes of the River, he left a
Party of Highlanders^ under the Command of Mr. Hugh
fi/lackay^ mark'd out a Fort, which, at their Defire, he
cail'd St. Andreiv's ; and Toonakowi pulling out a Watch, the J'* ■'}"'
Gift of his Royal Highnefs the Duke, he gave the NamCfl,^cm*Tiber-
Cumbcrland 10 the Illand. UndiJiAui.

The next Day they paiFed the Clothogotheo^ another Branch
of the Alatamaha^ and difcovered another very fine Ifland,
about i6 Miles long, with Oranges, Mirdes and Vines
growing wild ^ to which was given the Name of Amelia, ^r!^^^*
And the third Day, arriving near the Spanijh Look-out, the
Indians (hewed their Defire of falling upon the Spaniards ;
to prevent which, Mr. Oglethorpe left them on an Ifland,
and falling down the River St. IFans^ doubled Point Sr.
George^ being the North Pau of St. John's River, and the
nioft Southerly Point of the Briti/h Dominions u^on the
Sea-Coa(t of the North America^ the Spaniards having a
Guard on 'he other Side of the faid River.

Mr. Mmkny^ before mentioned, with a Party, was or-
der'd to travel by Land from Savnnah to Darien^ which
they accordingly did, and computed the Dillance between
the two Places to be 70 Miles in a ftraight Line, and 90 by
the Places where the Swamps are paflable.

The Town of Savanah is now increafed to about 14.0
Houfes, befides Warehou fes and Cottages. Here is alfo a
Court of Record, coniifting of three Bailiffs and a Recorder,
who holds a Court every fix Weeks, Above Ehenezcr
was laid out, in the" fame Year, the Town of Augujla. f^^^„ ,fij
It hes in a pleafant and fruitful Country, infomuch, that
an Acre of Ground produces near 30 Bufliels of Indian
Corn, which is moft generally ufed here among the lower
Sort of People, and perhaps will be always {o^ as it is in
our other Continent Colonies. It has already a good Part
of the Indian Trade, and by its Neighbourhood v/ith tb?:
Indian Nations, is in a way of increaling it lb much, that,
in all Probability, 'twill foon become the moft thrivina;
Evglijh Settlement. It is 256 Miles by Water, from the
Mouth of Savanah River, and large Boats are navigated
from hence to the Town of Savanah^ and laft Year
looooo Weight of Skins was brought from thence. Hither
the Indian Traders from Carolina and Georgia refort in the
Spring. Injune^ i739j the Traders, Packhorl'emen, Ser-
vants, Townfmen, and others depending on that Bufinefs,
made 600 Whites. Here the Truflecs have hitherto main-
I taincd

I 1

I >i

^2 8 7de mjlory of Georgia.

talned a little Garrifon, and the Security which the Traders re-
ceive from theFort is their Inducement to go there. The Town
ihnds upon a high Ground on the Side of the River; a Road
has been mark'd out from thence to Old Ebenezer, fo that I
Hoi iemen can ride from Savanah to Auguj}a^ as likcwife to
the Cherokee Indians^ who are iituated above Augujia to the
N. W. and on thcGW^/a Side of the River, in the Valley
oi" the Appalachean Mountains. Weftward of AuguJla live
the Creek Indians-^ their chief Town is the Coivetas, At
200 Miles Diftance, upon the Edge of whofe Country the
Fort of Jlbamas lies. Beyond the Creeks lie the Chickcfaws.
They inhabit near the MijfiJJippi River, and pollefs the
Banks of it. I was the better pleafed to find this Account
of the MlJ/iJfippicms publirti'd in the moft authentick Manner
becaule it confirms what I have, in feveral preceding Places
mentioned of the Situation of the Engliflj to carry on a Trade
with the MiJJiJfippiansy from very near the Mouth of the
River fo as far as it is navigable; and thefe Ch'ickefaivsy as
well as the other Indian Nations, being in ftridt Fricndlhip
with the Englijh^ and having a better Opinion of their Mar-
ket than they have of that of the French^ I can yet fee no
Realon why we would defpair of coming in for fuch a Share
of that Trade, as our Neighbourhood to the Mijpjfippi In-
dians^ and their Difpofition to deal with us, may procure.

Tliere are feveral Plantations to the Southward of .9^-
vanahy and two little Vills^es, call'd Hghgate and Hamp-
jfead, about four Miles diftant firom it, and many other
Villages throughout the Province.

There are now feveral Villages on the Ifland of St. Simon^
and the Town of Frederica is very much improved. In its
Neighbourhood is a fine Meadow of 320 Acres ditch'd in,
on which a Number of Cattle are fed,andgood Hay made from
it. At fome Diftance is the Camp for General Oglethorpe' i,
Regiment, and fmall Lots of Land have been granted to
the Soldiers, many of whom are married, and 55 Children
were born there laft Year. The People of Frderica have be-
gun to malt and to brew. The Soldiers Wives fpin Cotton
of the Cotton of the Country, which they knit into Stock-
ings. At the Town is a Court of Juftice for the Southern
Part of the Province, and has the fame Number of Ma-
gi ft rates as at Savanah.

'I'he Matters that have happen'd here fmce James Ogh-
thorpey Efq; was Commander in Chief of all the Forces in
the Provinces of Civro//«<? and Georgia, are fo recent andva-
rioully reported, that it would be of little Ufe to enlarge
upon tli^-in, ' .

The

539

The Hijlory of Georgia.

Tlie unhappy Expedition againft St. Auf^^ujlim lies under the
fame Difadvantage to Writers and Readers, and the trueft
Part of the Account being the Retreat of the EngUJI) with
Lofs, the Engl'ifii Reader will not be at all foiry that we
I'av no more of it, nor thit we have not enter'd nto a
Narration of Mr. IVhitfieWi Miflton into thofc Parts, and
his great Pains and Succels in colleding Contributions from
charitable Perfons at home and abroad, for railing anJ en-
dowing an Orphan-houfc, which we hear is near finifli'd.

This Province was a Part of CavtUna^ and, as fuch, the
Proprietaries of Carolina had fome Confideration for it,
when (if not before) they fold their Proprietary to the Crown.
This is a plain Proof that the Spaniards^ who have recog-
nized the Right of the Englljh to the who!'. -\ ivince of Ca-
yolinay with all its Dcpendances, in all Treaties with Eng'
latidj ever fince it was a Province, have not the leaft Pre-
tence for the Demands they have of late infolently dared to
make of it, and for which we trufl. they will have due
Chaftifement before the Clofc of the prcfcnt War.

The Latitude of G^(7r^/<? being between 29 and 52 T>c-J('Sltuatirh
grees (hews the Happinefs of the Climate and Soil for Ha-
bitation and Planting. The Soil conlifts of four different Soil.
Sorts, Pine-barren, which is a fandy Soil j Oak and Hickory,
which is good Land, fit for moft Sorts of Grain ^ Swamps,
which lying low, are Clay, or fat Mud, and is the richeft
and beft; Savanna's, where grow Cane and wild Grafs,
and alfo Plenty of Grafs in many Places for feeding Cattle,
which are already much increafed there. ■ There is a good
Proportion of all thele Sons of Lane!';, and the higher ixx
the Country the better ; and the Soil has alfo been found
proper for all Sorts oi EngliJI) Grain, as well as moft of the
Englijh Fruit-trees.

The Progrefs this infant Colony has made towards Set-
dements, which wc have related at large, will be equally
furprizing and plealing to an Englijh Reader, cfpecially if
he has any right Notion of the great Advanta<;fe fuch Settle-
ments may be to the Security of our other Continent /Ime-
rican Colonies, and the Trade of the Nation. Its Situation
ihews what a Guard it may be made againft the Spaniards-^
and its Capital Savamh^ is diftant from Charles-Town S. W.
in a dircil Courfe 77 Miles only, and N. E. by E. about
150 from St. Augvjlim^ the Capital of the Spanlfh Florida^
and the greateft Bar to the Englijh Trade, between this Pro-
vince and the Bay of Mexico.

This fliews that the EngUJh cannot be at too much Pains j,,-,,r/.v<
or Expence in fortifying their Frontier here, which indeed

I' -' i

OW uU,

540

Trodull and
Trade.

I j* ■ I"'

^he Hifiory of Georgia. ^

is the Frontier of all their ColOiiies in North yimer'tcdy and
therefore dcferves the Care and Purfe of the Publick, not
by way of Charity only, but for the Commerce, Strength
and Glory of the Kingdom, more than iiny other j for ail
others arc fecured in fecuring this : And if any where, within
the Limits of this Province, a Dock might be made for
Shipping, and fuch a thing done with proper Security, we
need no more be in Pain for our American Settlements and
Trade. And they are, at this time, fo well furnifli'd with
Commodities for Ship- building, that feveral Ships have been
built there already, and no doubt that Work will more and
r/iore increafe with the People and Trade. What a Check
it would be to the Spanxjh Navigation, and what to the
French Attempts for incroaching the MiJJljftppi Trade, is fo
obvious to al^ that are acquainted with thefe Matters, that it
is necdlefs to enlarge upon ir, at lead in this Place. We
(hall now enquire into the particular Benefits that may ac-
crue by it to our Trade from its Produds. We have al-
ready feen that Capt. Dunbar freighted his Ship here for
Londm with Rice, Pitch and Tar, the Commodities of Ca-
rolina^ which n^ay be here produced in as great Plenty as
there, with an equal Proportion of Hands. This Country
already produces Hemp and Flax in good Quantities, and
may foon be in a Condition to fuppiy us therewith. Pot-
alhes are now imported from thence, the Neccflity of
which is well known to all that know any thing of Manu-
fadturcs. The ftarely Pine- trees we have fpoken of here,
fo many hundred Foot high, proves how ferviceable this
Province may be to us for Marts, as well as other Naval
Stores. The Deer brought in by the Indians to the Engl'iJ]}
for feeding them, is a Proof that the Traffick of Furs may
here be very conliderable, other Merchantable Skins being
certainly as plenty as Deer's, and the Indians carry on this
Trade as well by Water as by Land ; for Mr. Oglethorpe
wrote home, that 12 trading Boats pafs'd by during his Stay
at Savanah j alfo Bees-wax, Mirtle-wax, Bears-oil, Leather,
Drugs, Simples, and Dyers Wares of feveral Sorts.

One may imagine that this Country, fo ill inhabited as the
Englijh found ir, was overgrown with Trees, which pro-
bably might at firft incommode new Comers as to the Air j
but as fait as it is cleared of Trees, and that will be as faft
as the Ground is wanted for Culture, thofe Woods that
now are a little burdenfom to them will turn to a very good
Account. The chief of thofe Trees are white Oaks, Beach,
Elm, Cedar, Chefnut, Walnut, Cyprefs, Mirtle-trees, Vines,
and Mulberries j the latter is the moft talk'dof, on Accouqc

^e HiHory of Carolina.

of the Si)k-worms that they feed, aud the Expedlation that
thofe that went thither, and we that (laid at home, have had
from it. Two or three Piemontefe went with the firft Im-
barcation to put the People in a way for the Management of
the Worms, the Eggs of which were fent for from Italy j
and they began very foon here to have fome fmall Parcels of
Silk fit to fend home for Experiment, where Sir Thomas
Lombe, v'ho was beft verfed in that Commodity, tried the
Goodnefs of it by his Engine at Derby, and faid of it, T/je
Georgia Silk is the bejl working Silk I ever faiv, even better
than our bejl fuperfine Piedmont, and it proves exceeding good
through all its Operations. So that being fure of the (iood-
nefs of the Quality, we have nothing more to hope for but
the Quantity, which cannot be very great as long as Hands
are wanting for raifing Food and the Commodities of Lite.

The Wages of common Servants is at i /. 5 s, per Month j
and the Price of Provifions is as follows :

\'\

d. d.

Beef, from

I i to 2 i per lb.

Pork,

2 2 i

Veal,

2 f 3

Mutton,

4^ 5

Strong Beer, from

2 ;- to 3 per Qiiart.

Cyder,

Madeira JVine,

Tea, at

per lb.

Coffee, at

Wheat Flower, at

Rice^ at

6 a Hundred.

THE

( 542 )

THE

HISTORY

O F

H U D S O N's^B A T.

CONTAINING

An Account of its Difcovery and Settlcniicnf,
the Pi'ogrefs of it, and the prefent State-, of
the Indium^ Trade, and every thing clle re-
lating to it.

W A S in the Reign of Queen Ehzaheth that
all the Englift) Dominions on the Continent of
America were difcover'd, except Hudjurf%
Streights, which being the moft Northerly,
ihould have been treated of firft, and put at the Head of
the other Settlements -, but the French have a large Domi-
nion bet\x'een the EngliJ}) at HudforCs-Bay and thofe at NeW'
England: And befides there being no Towns nor Planta-
tions in this Country, but two or three poor Forts to de-
fend the P'adlories, we thought we were at Liberty to
place it where we pleafed, and were loth to let our Hiftory
open with the Hiftory of fo miferable a Wildernefs, and io
wretched a Colony. For as rich as the Trade to thefe
Parts have been, or may be, the way of Living is fuch,
that we cannot reckon any Man happy, whofe Lot is caft
upon this Bay.

^e Hiftory of HudfonV-Bay.

In the Year 157^, Cape. Martin FrohiJJjer made his flrfl
Voyage for the Difcovcry of a i'Qflage to China and Cat' ay
by the North-Weft, and on the 12th oijune he difcovcr'd
ferra de Labrador^ in 63 Degrees, 8 Minutes, and entcr'd
a Sireight, which is called by his Name. On the i ft of
O^obtr he returned to England. In the following Year he
went a lecond Time on the fame Difcovcry, came to the
fame Streight, and ufed all poflTible Means to bring the Na-
tives to Trade, or give him fome Account of themfelves ;
but they were fo wild, that they only ftudicd to deltroy the
Englijh. Capt. Frobifljer ftaid here till Winter drew on,
and then he returned to England. He made the fame Voy-
age the following Year, and with the like Succefj.

Six Years afterwards, A. D. 1585, John David failed
from Dartmouth on the fame Adventure, came into the l/x-
titude of 64 Degrees 15 Minutes, and proceeded to 66 De-
grees 40 Minutes. In the Year cnfuing, he ran to 6() ] /c-
grees ao Minutes, and coafted Southward again to 5^ De-
grees. Sailing thence in 54 Degrees, he found an op-*.! Sea,
[ending Weftward, which he hoped might be the iV.iKipc
fo long fought for; but the Weather proving tcmpeihiou,
he returned to England, In OSlober, the next Ye.u , lie did
the fame.

After which there were no more Adventures this Way
till the Year 1607, when C?,pt. Henry Hudfon difcover'd as
far as 80 Degrees 23 Minutes; at the Mention of which,
the Reader will almoft freeze as the Writer does ; for that
G)untry is fo prodigioufly cold, that Nature is never impreg-
nated by the Sun • or rather, her barren Womb produces
nothing for the Subfittence of Man. In 1608, he fet out
again, and having added little to his former Difcoveries, re-
turned. Two Years after which, j1. D. i^io, he again un-
dertook a Voyage to find out the North-Weft PafTage, pro-
ceeded 100 Leagues farther than any Man had done before
him, till he could not go forward for Ice and Shoal Water j
and finding himfelf imbay'd, he refolved to winter there.
In the Spring, /I. D. i(Jii, purfuing a farther Difcovcry,
he and feven more of his Company were feized, the relt
of his Men put into an open Boat, and committed to the
Mercy of the Waves and Savages. By one or the other
of which be perifti'd, dearly purchafing the Honour of hav-
ing this large Streight and Bay call'd after his Name.

We know 'tis pretended, that a Dane made the Difcovcry

of this Streight, and that he called it Chrijiiana^ from the

King oi Denmark^ Chrijiiern the IVrh then reigning. But

Capt. Hudjon was the Man who diicover'd it to the

i E-ngljh^

< I

''11

544 77^^ Hijlory of Hudron'i-Bay.

Engll/h^ and who indeed fir(l failed fo near the Bottom ol
the Bay, as he did within a Degree or two.

The fame Year that he died, Sir Thomas Button^ at rhe
InlUgation of I^rince Henry ^ purfucd the fame Difcovery
He pafs'd Hudfon\ Sircights, and leaving HudlWs-Boy to
the South, fettled above 200 Le.igucs to the South- Wed
and dilcovcr'd a great Continent, by him call'd New^iyalc]
He winter'd at the Place afterwards called Port Nelfon
carefully fearch'd all the Bay, from him called Button\.Buy
and ceturned to Digg's liland. *

In 161^, Mr. B^/Jfin enter'd Sir Thomas Smith's Bay, in
78 Degrees, and returned, defpairing to find any Pallage
. that way.

Thus we Ccc all the Adventures made to the North- Weft
were in hopes of palfing to China ; but that is a Difcovery
as latent as the Philofopher's Stone, the perpetual Motion
or the Longitude.

In i5jij Capt. James failed to the North Weft, and
roving up and down in thofe Seas, arrived at C'.arltonlihni.]
where he winter'd in 52 Degrees, much beyond Hudfiii'
Button and Ba^n. Capt. Fox went out this Year on tiie
fame Account ; but proceeded no farther than Port-Nelfon.

The Civil Wars in England put Dilcoveries out of Mens
Heads i the bold had other Work cut out for them, and we
hear of no more fuch Adventures till the Year 1667, when
Zachariah Gillam^ in the Nonfuch Ketch, pafs'd throu"h
Hudjonh Streights, and then into Boffins Bay to 7^ De-
grees, and thence Southward into 5 1 Degrees, where in a
River, afterwards call'd Prince Rupert's River, he had a
friendly Correfpondence with the Natives, built a Forr,
named 'n Charles Fort^ and returned wilhSucccfs.

The Occalion of Gillarn's going was this : Monficur Radi-
fon and Monfieur Goofelier, two Frenchmen, meeting with
fbme Savages in the Lake of ^jftmponals^ in Canada^ they
learnt of them that they might go by Land to the Bottom
of the Bay, where the EngHjh had not yet been ^ upon
which they dcfired them to conduct them thither, and the
Savages accordingly did it. The two Frenchmen returned to
the upper Lake the fame way they came, and thence to ^m-
bec^ the Capital of Canada, where they oflfer'd the principal
Merchants to carry Ships to Hudj'on\-Bay^ but their Projed
was rejeded. Thence they went to France, in hopes of 3
more favourable Hearing at Court^ but after prefentingl
feveral Memorials, and fpending a great deal of Time and]
Money, they were anfwer'd as they had been at ^eba,
aod their Ptojed look'd upon as chimerical. The King of I

England'sl

The Hvfrrv /* HudfonVBay.

£nghnj''i AttibiifTador at Paris hearing what PropofaU they
bad midf, irr gined be ftiould do his Country good Servic6
in engag>n% them to ferve the Englijh^ who had already
prctcnct? to the Bay j fo he perfuaded them ♦o go for £,»«-
don^ where they met with a tr<vourable Reception from
ibme Men of Quality, Merchants and others, who em-
ployed Gillam before-mencit ned, a NtwEtigland CaptaiO|
in the Voyage j and Rad'tfm and GooftUer accompanying
them) they arrived at the Bottom of the Hay, and fucceeded
as we have hinted already.

When Gillam returned, the Adventurers concerned in
fitting them out apply'd themfelves to Kinj Charles II, for
a Patent, who granted one to them, and their Succeflbrs,
for the Bay called Hud/sn^s-Stnights. The Patent bears
Date the 2d of May, in the iid Year of that King's Reign,
J. D. 1670.

The firft Proprietors, or Company, callM HudforCi-Baj
Company^ were.

S4J

Prince Ruptrt^
Sir James Hayes,
Mr. IVilliam Young.
Mr. Gerard pyeymans.

Mr. Richard Cradock,
Mr. John Lett on,
Chrijiopher If^renn, Efq;
Mr. Nicholas Hayvuard,

The Bay lies from 6^ Degrees North Latitude, to 51
Degrees, and is 10 Degrees, or 600 Miles in Length.

Before wc proceed any farther in the Hiftory, it will not
be improper to give an Account of the Country, Climate^
Produd, Trade and Inhabitants.

The Mouth c^ the Streighis, which is in about 61 De-
grees North Latitude, is 6 Leagues over. At the Mouth
is an Idand, call'd Refolution. Charl.s liland, Salisbury
Ifland, and Nottingham are in the Streightsj and Mansfield
Ifland in the Mouth of the Bay.

Hudfon*s Streights, which lead to the Bay, are about 126
Leagues in Length ; the Land on both Sides inhabited by
Savages, of whom we have little or no Knowledge. The
South Coaft is known by the Name of the Terra Labarador'y
the North by as many Name* as Men of feveral Nations
have been there, and pretended to the Difcovery of it. On
the Wcft-fide of the Bay the Englijh made a Settlement,
built a Fort at Port Neljon, and all that Country goes by
the Name of New South JVales. The Bay here is call'd
Button's j and Hudjon^-Bay^ which is broadcll in this Place,
may be near 130 Leagues broad.

N n On

I '

1 1

546 ^he Hiftory 0/ HudfonV-Bay.

On the other Shore, or the Coaft of Labarador, lie fe,
veral Iflands, call'd the Sleeper''^ Ifles, and the Baker's Dozen.
The Bottom of the Bay, by which we underftand all that
Part ot it from Cape Henrietta Maria, in New South IVales
to Redonda^ below Prince Rupert's River, is about 80 Leagues
long, and much of one Breadth all the way, being betweea
4c and 50 Leagues over.

Here are feveral Iflands, to which the firft Adventurers
gave the Names of feme great Men in England^ or fome that
employ'd them, as Lord IVeJIou's Ifland, Sir 'fhomas Roe's
Ifland, Charlton Ifland, and others. The two oppofite Shores
are called the Eaji Main and ff^e/f Main. The former is
Laharador, and the latter New South Wales. The Continent
at the Bottom of the Bay is by the French pretended to be
Vzrtoi New-France '^ and indeed, to crofs the Country from
St. Margaret's River, which runs into the River of Canada^
to Rupert's River, at the Bottom of Hudfon's-Bay, is not
above 150 Miles.

At Rupert's River the Englijh built their firft Fort, which
they called Charles Fort. They never had any Towns or
Plantations here, and probably never will. They live with-
in their Forts, in little Houfes, or Huts, wherein the Builders
conlider nothing but to defend them from the Cold and
Rains \ though they are not io much difturb'd by the latter
as by the former.

There's an Ifland about 5 or 6 Leagues from the Wejl
Main, called the Little Rocky IJle, it being a mere Heap of
Rocks and Stones, with fome fmall Brufli-wood growing upon
it. *Tis fuppofed to overflow with great North- Weft Winds,
which make a high Tide all over the Bay. In this Ifle is
plenty of Gulls and Sea-Swallows. About three Miles from
the South South-Eaft Part of the Ifland, lies a dangerous Reaf
of Sand, which is dry at Low-water.

Charlton Ifland is a light white Sand, cover'd over with a
white Mofs, full of Trees, Juniper and Spruce, though not
very large. This Ifle afltbrds a beautiful Profped to Sich as
make it in the Spring, after a long Voyage of three or four
Months, in the moft dangerous Seas in the World, occafioned
by the vaft Mountains of Ice which drive in the Bay and
Streights j againft which, if Ships happen to ftrike, they are
dafli'd in Pieces as certainly as if they ran againft Rocks -, for
indeed they are Rocks congeal'd, or rather petrified, by the
Violence of the continual Frofts.

To fee one Day the Shore on the JVeJi Main bare, the
Mountains cover'd with Snow, and Nature looking like a
Carcafs frozen to Deaih j and the next, to behold Charlton

The Hiflory of HudfonVBay.

Ifland fpread with Trees, and the Branches making as it
were a green Tuft of the whole, is a Surprize that mufl give
the greateft PleaAire after the Fatigues of an intolerable Win-
ter Voyage.

The Air even at the Bottom of the Bay, though by the
Latitude 'tis nearer the Sun than London^ being but in 5 1
Degrees, is exceffive cold for nine Months, the other three
Months very hot, but on a North- Weft Wind.

The Soil on the Eaji Main^ as well as the Weft, bears
no manner of Grain. Some Fruits, Goofeberries, Straw-
berries, and Dew Otter-berries, grow about Prince Rupert's
River.

The Commodities for Trade here are Guns, Powder,
Shot, Cloth, Hatchets, Kettles, Tobacco, f^c. which the
Englijh exchange with the Indians -for Furs, Beavers, Mar-
tin, Fox, Moofe, and other Peltry ; and the Curious, who
have any Tafte of Commerce, will not think it a Digrefllon
to infert a Standard of Trade, which the Hudfon^s-Bay Com-
pany fix'd feveral Years ago; and by which may be feen
what Advantage they made of this TraflSck. This Paper
being put into my Hands, among others relating to the
Affairs of the Company, is as follows.

The STANDARD how the Company's Goods muft be
bartered in the Southern Part of the Bay,

547

Guns.

Powder.
Shot.
Hatchets.
Knives.

Beads.

Laced Coats.

Plain Coats.

Coats.

Tobacco.

Powder-

Homs.

I^ettles.

}

One with tjje other lo good Skins^ that is^
Winter Beaver i 12 Skins for the higgeji
Sort, 10 /or the mean, and 8 /or the
/mallefi.

A Beaver /or half a Pound.

A Beaver /or /our Pounds.

A Beaver /or a great and little Hatchet,

A Beaver /or fix great Knives^ or eight Jack
Knives.

A Beaver /or half a Pound 0/ Beads,

Six Beavers /or one good Laced Coat.

Five Btaver-Skins fir one Red Plain Coat.

For Women, Laced, 2 Yards, 6 Beavers,

For Women, Plain, 5 Beavers,

A Beaver /or om Pound.

A Beaver /or a large Powder- Horn^ and
two /mall ones.

A Beaver for one Pour'i o/Kettle%

Looldng-Glaflei tnd Gombs. Two Skins,

Nn a

rnt

548 ne Wfiory of Hudfon^^-Bay.

'Tis plain, by this Standard, the Company got prodlgioufly^
find had they traded much, their Auctions might have been
now 300 per Cent, as they were once; but their Returns
were fmail, and their Charges great : Ten thoufand Beavers
in all their Fadories, was one of the beft Years of Trade
they ever had, befides other Peltry.

As to the Indians^ their Manners, Cuftoms, Language,
Government and Religion, are the fame with the Cana-
dans'j and La Honian has defcribed them very naturally
excepting that he has raifed Nature, and made her too po!
Jite in this barbarous Clime, where Barbarity herfelf is jn
the Heigth of her Empire,

The Indians about Rupert's River, and other Places in
the Bay, are more fimple than the Canadans^ who have had
longer Commerce with the Europeans. They are generally
peaceable, and not given to quarrel either with themfelves
or others, except the Nodways^ a wild barbarous People, on
the Borders of Hudfin's-StreightSy who fometimes, in flight
Parties, make Incurfions on the other Indians^ and having
knock'd 8 or 10 on the Head, return in Triumph.

The Indians of certain Diftridts, which are bounded by
fuch and fuch Rivers, have each an Okimah, as they call
him, or Captain over them, who is an old Man, confidered
only for his Prudence and Experience. He has no Autho-
rity but what they think fit to give him upon certain Oc-
calions. He is their Speech-maker to the Englijh-, as alfo
in their own grave Debates, when they meet every Spring
and Fall, to fettle the Difpofition of their Quarters for
Hunting, Fowling, and Fifliing. Every Family have their
Boundaries adjufted, which they feldom quit, unlefs they
have not Succefs there in their Hunting, and then they join
in with fome Family who have fucceeded.

Their Notions of Religion are but very flender. They
fay, there are two Monetoes or Spirits, the one fends all the
good things they have, and the other all the bad. Their
Worfliip confifts in Songs and Dances at their Feafts, in
Honour of the Manetoes that have favoured them ; But if
they are fick or famiHi'd, they hang fome little Bawble,
which they let a Value upon, on the Top of a Pole near
their Tent, to pacify the Spirit offended, as they conceive.

Let the Learned fay all the fine things that Wit, Elo-
quence and Art can infpire them with, of the Simplicity of
pure Nature, the Beauty and Innocence, thefe Wretches
are an Inflance, that this Innocence is downright Stupidity,
and this pretended Beauty a Deformity, which puts Man,
the Lord of the Creation, on an equal Foot with the Beafts
of thcForcft. i ^ The

Gov.rnor.

The Wftory o/'HudfonVBay. j^.^

The Hiftory of Hudfonh-Bay will not afford us much
Matter. The Settlements are too inconfiderable to deferve
much Pains to be taken about them. What we know of
them is as follows.

In the Year i dyo, the Company ft it over Charles Baily, Charles
Efqi Governor; with whom went Mx.Radifon^ the Frencb-^'^'^y'' fi*
man before- mentioned, and lo or 20 Men, who were to '
ftay on the Place j his Refidence being at Rupert River,
where a mean Fort has been built.

Mr. Baily appointed Mr. Thomas Gorji to be his Secre-
tary, andor4er'd him to keep a Journal of their Proceedings
there, which is now in my Cuftody ; but the Events it con-
tains are too trivial to be remember'd : What are moit cu-
rious I fliall report ; and the Reader muft excufe me, if they
are of no more Importance, they ferve to give him an
Idea of an Infant Colony in one of the rudell Parts of the
World.

The chief Indian near the Fort had the Name of Prince
given him. Two other Indians were called Peter and the
Chancellor^ who, with their Wives and Families, came to
the Governor, to beg Subfiftence, declaring they could kill
nothing, and were almoft ftarved; for if thefe Barbarians
could meet with no Game, they hdd no Meat.

Thus we fee in what a miferable Condition thefe EngUJJ}
there were like to be, if Supplies did not come regularly
from England. Mr. Baily having fed the Prince, the Chan-
cellor, his Cocamijhj or Wife, and the reft of them, fent
them up to the Falls a fiOiing, and follow*d them in his
Canoo, to hunt up in the Country ; but could meet with
no Game, except 2 Moofe, and no People to trade with.
Thefe Moofe are but indifFerenr Meat ; however the Air was
iharp, to make it relifh as well as Venifon, and 'twas ac-
cordingly very welcome.

Some Days afterwards the Indians returned. The Prince
brought a young Deer, the Chancellor and his Wife fome
Filh and Moofe. The greateft Part of the Autumn Fowl
here are Geefe, of which there's then plenty, and they be-
gin to come about the Beginning of September ; a fure time
that the People muft take their Leave of Summer, and pre-
pare for a long Winter of near forty Weeks.

The Engl'ifh had now worfe Huts than afterwards, and no
Covering for them but Moofe-skins. There was at this time
a Fadory at Port-Nelfon^ where Capt. Goo felt er arrived in
yfuguji, 1671. He fearched the River for Indians^ but met
with none. He faw feveral Wigwams^ whei%? they had lately
been, and iuppofed them to be gone up the Country. He

N n 5 faw

; ,11
, 't I

It ■;■

I':

I' '- ■

t "
I

£go The Uiftory 0/ HudfonVBay.

faw alfo the Relids of Sir Thomas Butten*s Ship ; and one
of his Company, Mr. Cole, brought home a Piece of Shot
a Piece of her Bulk-head, and a (mall Piece of Cable, which
had lain there about 60 Years.

This Captain was order'd to fearch for Severn River, but
could not Hnd it, though it was in the old Draughts of this
Bay.

About the Beginning of OSfober the Gcefe fly away to the
Southward j a terrible Sight to the poor Europeans in the
Bay ! for by that they know the hard Weather is approach-
ing, and begin to provide Wood for Winter before the
Snow falls.

Now Mr. Baily and his little Colony fell to patching up
their Cabins, and prepare for the Enemy, and they had no-
thing to fear but the Seafon. He fent a Sloop to Point
Comfort J between Rupert River and Charlton Ifland, to kill
Seals, to make Oil for their Lamps, they having no Can-
dles, and the Nights being long.

About the loth of O£fober, the Ice b^ins to congeal on
the Shores j but often warm Weather comes after that, and
thaws it. The 23d of Oiiober feveral Indians came to the
Fort to trade, and, among others, one from ^iebec. In
one Night the Snow was a Foot deep, and by the 6th of
November che River was frozen over.

About the Middle of the Month, Partridges come, of
which they kiil'd five, as white as Snow. The Englijh that
were there diverted themfelves, while the Weather per-
mitted, with killing Partridges; but truly there feems not
to have been much Plenty of them ; for four Men, in a
Week's time, kili'd but {6. They fowl'd for them about
Peter's River, and Frenchman's River, the one above, and
the other below Rupert's -, but in December and January^
the Fro(i:s were fo fever e, they could not flay out. The
Governor's Boys P'eet and Face were (poiled by the Frofl,
in catching of Partridges.

The Snows in the Woods, when at the deepeft, are feven
or eight Foot ; fometimes they do not exceed four Foot, as
in rhc Year 1673.

The 25 th of January three Indians brought Beaver to the
Forr, and a lirrle frcfh Meat. They reported, that as they pafs'd
Jl^ooji River, about ten Days Journey from Rupert's, they
faw fome dead Bodies of Indians^ which they fuppofed to
be Onachanrrs, moft of that Nation being deltroyed by the
Kodw.'.ycs, who were then about Moofe River, and, as they
threatncd, intended to vilit the Englijh in the Spring; they

were atcordingiy as good as

tlieir Weds. The ifl of

February

Hoe Hijiory of Hudfon VBay.

february there was fuch a Change of Weather, that it rather
thawed than froze. The Englijh with living on Salt-Meats,
were all down with the Scurvy in this Month : For though
they continued to catch Partridges, there were lb few caught,
that they went but a very little Way among them.

Several Indians came in March^ and built their Wigwams
at theEaft Endof the Fort, intending to ftay there all Win-
ter, that they might be ready for Trade in the Spring. The
Nation that took up their Quarters near the Fort were the
Cufcudidah's, and the King fent Mr. Baily word, he would
come to him fpeedily. The Governor on the 2 3d of March^
accompanied by John Abraham and others, travelled on the
Ice to Point Comfort^ where were fome Indian Tents, to
buy what frefli dried Meat he could, the Store at the Fore
being almoft fpent.

About the 20th of March it began to thaw, and the
t^odwayes ftill threatning the Englijh with War, the Governor
prepared every I'hing necef&ry in the Fort for his Defence.
On the 25 th of March^ fix Men as Ambaffadors came from
King Cufcudidah to notify his Approach, and that he would
be at the Fort next Day j which he made good, and was
troubled that the Governor was abfent. He brought a Re-
tinue with him, but little Beaver, the Indians having fent
their beft to Canada,

The Englijh at the Fort ftood on their Guard, and Mr;
Cole commanded them m the Governor's Abfence, for
whom the King fent two Indians. And the 31ft of March
the Governor returned, with a fmall Supply of Moofe Flefh.
On the I ft of April the Geefe, the Promife of the Spring,
begin to return again, and prodigious Quantities were caught.

All this while the Indian King ftaid at the IFigwams near
the Fort, and the Reafon of it was, They were apprehenfive
of being attacked by fome Indians^ whom the French Jefuits
had animated againft the Englijh^ and all that dealt with
them. The French ufed many Artifices to hinder the Natives
trading with the Englijh^ they gave them great Rates for
their Goods, and obliged Mr. Baily to lower the Price of
his to oblige the Indians who dwelt about Moofe River, with
whom they drove thegreateft Trade.

The French^ to ruin their Commerce with the Natives,
came and made a Settlement not above 8 Days Journey up
that River, from the Place where the Englijl) traded. Twas
therefore debated, whetht: the Company's Agents Ihould not
remove from Rupert's to Moofe River to prevent their Traf-
fick being intercepted by the French,

55 r

I' I

N n 4

M-IL

t^% Hhe Hiftory of Hudfon'j-Bay.

On the ^d of Jpril 1^74, a Council of the principal
Perfons in the Fort was held, where Mr. Baify the Governor
Capt. GooftUer and Capt. Cole were prefcnt, and gave their
feveral Opinions. The Governor inclined to remove. Capt.
Cole w%s againd it as dangerous, and Capt. Goofelitr for go>
:(ng thither in their Bark to trade, when the Indians belong,
ing to King Cufcudtdah were gone a hunting, and there was
no Fear of the Fort's being furprized.

The Indians went to building their Wigwams near the
Fort, and raifed their Waufcoheigein or Fort fo near the
Englijh^ that the Palifadoes joined. One of thofc Barbarians
being jealous of his Wife, and finding her in the Fort, pull-
ed out a Hatchet which he had hidden under his Coat, and
gave her a defperate Wound in the Head, but flie did not
die of it. The Indian fearing the Governor wouid punifli
him for flriking in the Fort, fled to the Woods. Upon
which Mr. Baily ordered that no Indian but King Cufcudi-
dah, and his chief Courtiers, (hould be admitted into the
Fort, and a Watch was fet upon the Gate.

As the Ice grew rotten and melted, th^ Indians who ven-
tured fell frequently in, but they all fwam like Ducks, andfel-
dom ornever were any of them drowned. The great Thaw
began about the 20th of Jpril, and then all the Englijh
having fpent their Beer and Winter-Liquor, returned to
drinking of Water.

Geefe and Swans were now to be had, and that fupplied
in fome Meafure their Want of Provifion. The Governor
having been cheated by the Indians at Point Comfort in his
Moo/e Flejh, Went thither and obliged them to make Satif-
fadion.

On the 2oih of May 12 Indians^ Subjedts to KingCw/-
cudidah came in fcven Canoo?:, and the King meeting them
conduced them to the Fort, where they told him there
would be few or no Upland Indians come to trade that Sea-
fon, the French having perfuaded them to come to Canada :
However Mr. Baily ordered the Sloop to be got ready, and
refolved to go up the River.

Upon the Arrival of this new Company, among whom
was the King's Brother, a Feall was made, the Manner of
which was this : They all fat down together, and one Man, a
Kinfman of the King's, broke the Meat and Fat in fmall
Pieces according to the Number of Men there. After a
fhort Speech made by the King, the Subftance of which
was, for them to take Courage againft their Enemies and
Other Stories, the Company (houted, and then the Man
who brol^e diilributed t|ie Meat about ra them, they crying,

Obf

The Hijiory of Hudfon'i-Bay.

Oh ! Ho ! as much as to fay, / thank you. *Tis incredible
to tell the Abundance of fat Beaver, Moofe FIcfli and Fat
they eat, together with the Broth and Fat as black as Ink
which they drink. Then every Man had a fmall Piece of
Tilbacco diftributed to him, and they all fell to fmoking.
Some afterwards danced, fome fung, and a. Man beat a
Drum, which was a Skin put over a Kettle and laced a-
thwart. They continue this commonly all Night, and when
they go Home carry what Meat is left to .';eir Sqwaws, it
being very rare for them to admit the Women to their Feafts.
On the 22d of May^ the Indians at their Wigwams near
the Fort, had a Pounvaw, or Sort of Conjuring, which is
thus : There's a fmall Tower built with ff^th Stick about 3
Foot high, the Top being open, but the reft covered very
clofc with Skins that none may fee into it. In the Night,
the Man that Powwaws goes into the Tower, the reft fit nigh
it, and ii> their Places ask him feveral Queftions, which in a
Manner they know already ; as. When any Strangers will
be here ? The Powwower guelTes at the Time, and anfwers
accordingly. The Maneto or their God told them, the
Nodways would come down upon them e're long, and ad-
vifed them to be upon their Guard, as al(b againft the Mifii-
goofes or Englijh.

They Powwaiv often, and upon feveral Occafions. If it
happens not as they exn^dted it would, then the Maneto is
Muchocauwan or very bad, and if it falls out to their Defires,
then Maneto is Moruchfice or good. When they kill a
Moofe their Maneto is White and Quod. When they kill
none then he is Black and Naught. They Powwaw very
much when they celebrate any Marriages. Every Man has
commonly two Wives whom they keep in great Subjedion,
and make them do all Slavery , as draw Sledds, cut Wood,
make Fires, and drefs Moofe tildes. The Men only hunt,
and kill the Game : The Women fetcW the Beaft that is
killed, and take Care to prefer ve the Flefli.

The next Day the Governor and fome EngUjh and Indians
armed, went down to the Bottom of the Bay to Frenchmen:
River to feek for the Nodways^ but could met with none.

At the latter End of May the Gte^e go to the Northward
to breed. On the 27th, about 50 Men, Women and Chil-
dren came in 22 Canoos to trade, but brought little or no
Beaver with them. They were of the Nation called Pijh-
hapacanoesy near a- kin to the EJkeimoes^ and both alike a poor
beggarly People : By which we may pc. ':eive the French ran
ftwav with the beftof the Trade.

The

SS3

i I

' I

i'4''-

li'

J 54 ^e Hijlory o/'Hudfon'j-Bay.

The Gvivernor having got every Thing ready for 9 Voyage
to Moofe River, fent Capt. Goofeller^ Capr. Cole^ Mr. Qo
my Author, and other Englijh Indians to trade there. They
got about 250 Skins, and the Captain of the Tabittee Indians
informed them, the French Jefuits had bribed the In-
dians not to deal with the Englijh^ but to live in Friendfhlp
with the Indian Nations in League with the French. He
blamed the Englijh for trading with fuch pitiful Nations as
the Cufcudidahs and Pijhhapocanoes^ advifing them to fettle
at Moofe Sebee, and the Up/and Indians wculd come down-
and trade with them. The Reafon they got no more Peltry
now was, becaufc the Indians thought Goofelier was too hard
for them, and few would come down to deal with him.

My Author in this Voyage part by Rohinfon Ifland, Willoio
Ifland, and faw feveral white Whales. The Musketoes are
extremely troublefom in May and June^ efpecially after
Rain$. The Nodways coming down within a Quarter of a
Mile of the Fort, the Alarm was given the EngUfh and /«.
diansy but the Enemy were afraid to come farther ; and Mr.
Baily with a Party of both purfued them in their Retreat,
but could not come oear enough to do any Execution.

This Fright being over, Mr. Haily failed himfelf for Moft
Sebee, and brought Home 1500 Skins ; iheShechitiawams^t^o
Leagues from that River, having come to trade with him.
By the 24th of June all the Indians had left their Wigwams
near the Forr, and were gone abroad to hunt and trade,
fome with the Englijh zxxd, feme by themfelves.

The Governor undertook a Voyage to difcover Shechiita-
warn River, and thence intended to coaft along to Port Nel-
fon^ where as yet there was no Fort. In the mean Time
Mr. Gsrji who was left Deputy at the Fort, fent a Yaul and
four Men well armed, up the Nodways River, which as high
as they could go for the Falls was 5 Miles broad, full of
fmall Iflands and Rocks, in which Geefe breed.

By the Beginning of Augujl^ the Englijh that remained at
the Fort had almolt fpent all their Provilions, their Powder
and Shot, and began to be in mortal dread of ftarving. They
killed Ducks, Teal and Plover, and forae of them were al-
ways out, for their Lives depended upon it.

After about two Months Voyage Mr. Baily returned, and
gave this Account of his Voyage in the Sloop. Or. the i6th
of July he failed from Moofe River, and arrived at Shecbitta-
m;^ot River on the i8th, where no Englifjman had been be-
fore. Heftaid there till the 21ft, ,but could meet with little
or no Beaver.

'Tis

7be HiJIory of Hudfon'^-Bay.

Tis % fine River, and a good Channel to the N. W. in
52 Deg. N. L. He treated with the King, and his Son made
them a Promife to come with a Ship and trade with them the
next Year. In return, they aflurcd him they would provide
Store of Beaver, and bring the Upland Indians down.

The2ift he fet fail towards Cape Henrietta Maria ^ and
faw a great Ifland ftretching N. N. W. and S. S. E. diftant
about 14 Leagues from the Mouth of Shechittawam River.
The Ifland being two Days Jdumey in Circumference Indian
Padling, which they account to be 30 Leagues, it was named
yiner*$ Ifland.

The 23d upon a Point, as he and his Crew were failing
alongshore, they fpied a great Smoke; they flood in for it,
and found feven diftrefled Indians there. This Point Jay in
52 Deg. 40 Min. The Governor took them in, and gave
them Paflage to a fmall River called Equon, 1 00 Leagues to
the Southward of it, where they law the Bodies of fome
Indians dead on the Ground. There had been a grent Mor-
taliry among them, and feveral were ftarved to Death for
Want of Food j this Country being fuch a miferable Wil-
derne(s, that it affords not fufficient Suftenance for the
wretched Inhabitants.

On the 27 th of July^ the Sloop ran upon Ice and like to
have foundp»-ed. Their Pilot was a JVaJhahoe or Jslew Se-
vern Indian, and it was reported, that he had two Rows of
Teeth ; but he hated fo much to fee the Compafs, that he
was very troublefom to the Crew, fo the Governor ordered
him to be put afliore.

The Indians on New Severn River areas poor as the EJkei-
moes, and indeed all the Northward Indians are more b^-
garly and brutal than the Southward. The Governor under-
Itanding by fome JVaJkahoe Indians there was no Beaver to
be had, and that the Sea beyond the Cape was full of Ice, rc-
folved to return, neither he nor Ivis Company having eatei!
any Thing in two Days, but a few fodden Peafe and Oat-
Meal.

In their Return they were forced afliore upon Charlton
Ifland, where they lay two or three Days in Diltrefs, and at
laft got off with the Lofs of f<-veral Neceflaries. After he
had returned to the Fort on the 30th of Augujl^ a Canoo
arrived at Rupert's River with a Miflionary Jefuit, a French-
man born of EngUJh Parents, attended by one of Cufcudi-
dab's Family, a young Indian. The Frier brought a Letter
to Mr. Baily from the Governor of ^cbec^ dated the 6th
of O£loher 1^73. For the Prieft: fliould have been at Ru-
ptn\ River fc.eral Months before, but that he was ftopp'^d

i^l

^^6 " The Hi/lory of HudCon's Bay.

by thr hfiions. The Governor of ^ibec deHred Mr.
Biiilv to trcir ihc Jefiiit civilly, on Account of the great
Aniitv between rhc two Cro\^'ns ; and Mr. Bat iy refoWed to
keep the jefuit till Ships came from England.

He brought a Letter alfo for Ctpt. Goofeller^ which gave
Jeaioufy to the Englijh of his correfponding with the French ;
his Son-in-law lived at ^uebec^ and had accompanied the
Prieft part of his Way with three other Frenchmen, who be-
ing afraid to venture among flrange Indians returned.

The Tabitte Indians being within the Hudfon'^ Bay Com-
pany Patent, it was an Encroachment for the French to trade
with them, the Jefuit confeffed they did. Mr. Boily
clothed him, the Indians having robbed him, and entertained
him with great Kindnefs. The Prieft refolvlng to return to
Europe in an Englijh Ship, did not like another Journey of
400 Miles Length, through many barbarous Nations over
Land, and a Country almoft impaffable.

The Englijh were frequently alarmed with Reports of In-
curfions from the Nodways and JHoofe River Indians^ whofe
Quarrel with him was their felling too dear. The Governor
to prevent being furpriz«ed, ordered all their Merchandize to
be put aboard a Bark that was left with them, and went to Hlh
and fowl at Peter's River ; but got little P'owl, and their
lifliing Tackle began to want Supplies. 'Twas now the
nth of September^ and folong had thefe poor Men lived in
this Defert, holding a precarious Being by their Guns and
fifliing Tackle. Their Patience was at laft fpcnt, and the
Governor declared if he did not hear from England in three
Days Time, he would return Home aboard the before-
mentioned Bark.

On the 17th they were all to depart for Point Comfort^ to
ftay there till the 2 2d, and then make the beft of their Way
for England. For later than the 2 2d of September ^ no Ships
had ever arrived : All the Flower and Bread they had let:,
did not make above 3 00 Pound. They had but two Barrels
of goodPeafe and 30 Gtck in Pickle, to vidlual their Bark
with for their Voyage; and having but a very little Powder
in the Score-houfe, they defpaired of killing much more
Game.

in this deplorable Condition were they, when the Jefuit,
Capr. Gooplier, and another Papift, walking downwards to
the Sea-fide at their Devotion, heard feven great Guns fire
diftintftly. They came Home in a Tranfport of Joy, told
their Companions the News, and affured them it was true.
Upon which they Hred three great Guns from the Fort to re-
turn the Salute, though they could ill fpare the Powder upon
fuch an Uncertainty. The

The Hlflory of Hudfon'i-Bay.

SS7

The next Day an ludian came, and gave them Notice
that he had heard great Guns lall Night at Atujawyem^ or
foint Comfort. Their Sloop was then at the Point, and
tbcy expeded every Minute to have the News confirmed.

Olio may imagine with what Impatience they waited. The
Day v/as well nigh fpent and no bloop come, which threw
than all into Defpair. In the Evening the Sloop appeared in
the River, but having no Enlign our, they concluded they
were all loft Men, and in this Extremity of Sorrow they
were foon revived by the Sight of five EngliJImen, whom
they had not feen before, and from whom they underftood
the Prince Rupert., Capt. G'tllam Commander, was arrived,
with the new Governor jyUliam Lyddaly Efqj William

The next Day the old Governor and Mr. Gorji failed fot Lyddai E/^j
Point Comfort^ where the Shaft dmry^ Capt. Shepherd Com- ^''*«''««''-
mander, arrived alfo from England. And the new Gover-
nor's Commiflion and Inftrudtions being read, all Hands fee
to work to refit and load the Ships Home as foon aspofliWe.
On the 1 8th of September Mr. Lyddal landed, and took
Poffeffion of the Fort, the Colours flying, and Guns firing
to falutc him. Mr Baily delivered him the Patent, and
after that he was no more called Governor. Mr. Lyddal
finding the Sealbn would be fofar fpent before the Ships could
be unloaden and loaden again, that it would be impradticable
to return; after feveral Councils it wasrefolved, they (hould
winter at Rupert's River, and Capt. Gil/am and Capt.
Shepherd' s^hips Oews v/ere employed to cut Timber to build
Houfes ibr them, as aHb a Brew-houfe and Bake-houfe in
the Fort.

The Provifions they brought, fell very fliort of the Com-
plement of Men that were to be fed by them. They had
30 Men to feed in the Fort and in the Houfes, and but ten
Months Bread for them of five Pound of Flower a Head
weekly, which was not enough to laft them all the Winter at
Land, and vidual their Ships too. Mr. Gorjf, who was
their Store-keeper, foon brought them to Ihort Allowance
to husband their Store, and Mr. Lyddal ordered they ihould
have full Allowance, faying. If wejiarve we will Jiarve all
together.

By this Means ihey were reduced to great Straits, and
forced to pinch harder than they needed have done, had they
been good Husbands of their Bread at firft.

Such was the State of this Infant Settlement, and it has
not mended much lince, for Want and Cold have every
Year endangered the Lives of all that have been there.

y\\

Before

5S8

'•, I,

John Nix-
on, EJ^i
Ctvcrntr.

the Hiftory c/'Hudfon*j-Bay.

Before we proceed in our Hiftory, we (hall communicate
to the Reader a fmail Di(5bionary of the Language of the
Indians at the Bottom of the Bay, which is like the reft
diftinguifhed by feveral Dialedts, but this is the Cu/cudidah's,

Jrakana^ Bread.
Ajianty Come hither.
Jjfmney Shot.
Jpit, aFire-fteel.
Jlrrtmitogify, to fpeak.
jtNotchy prefently.
Chickahigon^ a Hatchet.
E/koriy a Chiflel.
Manitowhigin, a Red -Coat.
Metusy Stockings.
Moktman^ Knives.

^«/^^'°f J Powder.

Mekijhy Beads.

Mou/iodawbijh, a Flint.

Nc mun-ntfs e to ta^ i do not

underftand you.
OwmOy this.

Pijhjhijh, a little Thing.
Pajhfigon^ a Gun.
Pi/hjigon a hijh, a Piftol.
Pihicktmany a Jack- Knife.
Petta a Jhum, t, give me a

Piece.
Pc quijh a con Gau Mowon^ I

eat fome Pudding.
Spog. m, a Pipe.
Stennoy /', Tobacco.
Soth. im, m. Red-Lead.
Shekahoon^ a Comb,
Taneyy Where.
Tinejonec. ifo^ what do you

call this ?
Tequan^ What do you fay ?
Tapoy^ that true.

Though with this I muft leave my Journal, from other
good Memoirs! fhall continue the Hiftory.

Mr. Ba'tly who had very well discharged hisTruft, return-
ing to Englmdy informed the Company fully of their Affairs j
and now as they advanced in Reputation, fo they were in-
duftrious to encreafe their Trade and Settlements. They
appointed a Trader to a<5t under the Governor and Chiefs of
the Fadlories at other Rivers, according as they were fettled.

Port Ndfon was the next Settlement which they made,
and thither they fent John Bridger^ Efqj with the Character
of Governor for the HudJon%-Bay Company of the IVtJl
Main from Cape Henrietta Maria, which was included in
the Governor of the Eaji Main's Patent.

Mr. Lyddaiwis ucceedcd by John Nixan, Efq; in whofe
Time the Company thought of removing their chief Fadlory
from Rupert's River to Chtti^wan River, as the Place moft
reforted to by the InJians.

Charlton Ifland vras now frequented by the Ships bound to
Hudfon*%'Bay, and made the Place of Rendezvous for all the
Fadors to brmg their Merrhaadife to, and load it there
aboard the Company's Ship,

. '.'' J ' In

al, from other

the Hijlory of Hudfon'j-Bay: j^^

In the Year 1682, Mr. BrUger embarked for Port Nelfotty Johnnr.a-
wherc aFadtory was to be eftabliflicd and a Fort built; but*^"' ^ft^
before he arrived, Capt. Benjamin Gillam Mafter of a New-^lrlm-^
England Shipy and Son of C^pt. Gillam Commander of the fun.
Prince Rupert then in the Company's Service, fettled at
that Fadtory ; but had not been there above 14. Days, before
Mr. Radijfon and Capt. Goofelier^ who had dcfertcd the £«-
gl'tjhy arrived from Canada.

The Company having difmifled them their Service, thefe
two Frenchmen in Revenge procured fome Merchants of
Canada to undertake a Settlement there. Gillam was not
ftrong enough to repel them, but he remained at Port Ntlfon^
where 10 Days after RadiJJon and Goofeliers Arrival came
Mr. Bridger. The French no fooner perceived he was come,
but they fent aboard his Ship immediately, and commanded
him to be gone, for that Mr. Raddifon and Capt. Goofelier
had taken Foirelfion of the Place for the French King their
Mafter.

Mr. Bridger being warranted fo to do by the Company's
CommiflTion unloaded fome of his Goods, and with all
Hands went to Work, in order to make a Settlement.

Raddifon continued at Port Nel/hn^ and Mr. Bridger and
he became very intimate: Which Intimacy laded from 0£fo»
her 1682, to the February following, when Raddifon feized
B'idger and Gillam with all their People and EfFedls.

Having kept them fome Months m a Sort of Imprifon-
menr, about Augujl the French pu.t feveral of the Company's
and Gillanh People aboard a rotten Bark, and they were
taken up by an Englijh iihip near Cape Henrietta Maria.
Bridger and Gillam they carried with them to Canada, where
Raddifon and Goofelier ran fome of their Cargo artiore, in-
tending to defraud their Em^'luyers.

After which they mad' thrir Efcape and got into France.
The Company having N\mc^ of it writ to him, znd he to
the Company, promiiinig i' they would forgive the Injury he
had done them, and ctcnpioy him again at fuch a Salary, he
would undertake to deliver the French whom he had left
there till he came i^am to them, and feize all the Furs'they
had traded for, which would make them Satisfadion for the
Wrongs he had done them. Accordingly they forgave him,
employed him again, and he took Port Nelfon from his
Countrymen. But before his Arrival Capt. John Abraham
had been there with Supplies of Scores ; and finding Mr. J°Jj^" ^J''*"
Bridget was gone be ftaid himfelf, and was continued Go*- oZlrmr^f
vernor by the Company in 1684. Port Neu

'ill

j6o 7&e Hlfiory Y HudMs-'Bzy.

In the preceding Year, Mr. Nixon Governor of Rupirh
Henry Scr- Rivcr was recalled, and Henry Sergeant^ Efq; made Gover-
geant, £/?;nor. By whofe Inftrudions we find the chief Fadlory was
Ge*"'"'"" "/removed from Rupert*s to Moofe-Sebee^ or Chickewan River,
Albany ^"^j^j^j^ ^as ever fince been called Albany River ^ where a Fort
was built, a Fadtory fettled, and the Governor made it the
Place of his Refidence. Tis at the Bottom of the Bay be-
low Rupert's River. He was ordered to come every Spring
as foon as the Trade was over to Charlton Ifland, and bring
what Goods he had with him, to wait for the Arrival of the
Company's Ships: From thence he was to vifit the other
FaiStories, and fee that their Merchandize was fent in due
Time to Charlton Ifland, to attend the Ships Arrival.

The Governor of Canada having given the Hud/on's-Bay
Company to underftand, the French were very much offended
at their Difcoveries in thefe Parts, Mr. Sergeant was ordered
to be careful that he was not furprized by them.

There is an Ifland in the Bottom ot the Bay called Hay'^s
Ifland, where a Factory had been fettled. This Ifle and Ru-
pert* s were near tht French^ Albany being more to the South-
ward, and of thefe Factories the Company were moft appre*
heniive that their Enemies would endeavour to difpoflefs
them.

We perceive by thefe Inftrudlions, that their Servants in
the Bay had been very unfaithful to them, and Interlopers in*
vaded their Privileges. They appointed Mr. Hugh l^erner
to be Chief at Rupert's River, and Mr. George Geyer and
Mr. Thomas Savage to be chief Managers at the Ifinglafs
River, which had been lately difcovered i and there were
great Expedtations of a mighty Advantage to the Company
by that Difcovery, but it came to nothing though there was a
Fadtory fettled there in order to promote it.

The Company intended to plant a Colony at Charlton
Ifland, and ordered Mr. Sergeant to build a Fort there, and
always keep fome Men upon it. Warehoufes were alfo built
to receive the Furs that were brought thither from the Fac-
tories, and Conveniencies were made for the Reception of
fuch as were obliged to winter there. The Company always
enjoined their Governors to endeavour to fave the great
Charge they were at in (ending conftant Supplies of Pro-
viflons, by planting Corn and other Grain there. But alas!
Though the Climate by its Diihnce from the Sun fliould be
as warm as ours, yet for Reafons which the Naturalifls will
eafily give us, it is fo cold and frofly that it kills almofl all
Sorts of Roots in the Ground which are fown there ^ and
thole Plantations fo often recommended by the Company,
Were chimerical and impracticable. Orders

The Hijiory of Hudfon*i-Bayj

Orders were alfo given todifmifs Capt. Gillam their Ser-
vice for his Son's Offences, and Capt. Sandford had the
fame Ufage, on Account of his Relation to the Gillams j
for there*s nothing fo terrible to a Monopo]i2.er, as an inter-
loper. Capt. JVilliam Bond, who had been under Mr. Baifyj,
was fent for Home, and other Regulations made in the
Mana*gement of Affairs : But all could hot hinder the Jluin
of them all by the Enemy.

The Company, by their Govemdrs and Agents, made
fuch Compads with the Captains or Kihgs of the Rivers
and Territories where they had Settlemehts, for the Freedom
of Trade there, excludve of all others, that the Indians
could not pretend they had encroached upon them. Thefe
Compacts were as firm as the Indians could make them, by
fuch Ceremonies as were mofl facred and obligatory among
them.

Now were the Company in PofTefHon of five Settlemerit^,
viz. Albany River, Hayei Ifland, Rupert River, Port Nel-
fon^ and New Severn. Their Trade at each of them was
confiderable. From Albany River they had generally 3500
Beavers a Year, and by Mr. Sergeant's great Care and Fide-
lity, their Commerce encreafed fo much, that the French be-
gan to be afraid all the Upland Indians might be drawn down
to the Bay. They knew they could do any Thing with
King James II. who then reigned in England^ and that ho
Affront would makeihat Prince break with Lewis i\\G XlVth.
Wherefore they refolved to drive the Englijh out of all theit
Places in the Bottom of the Bay. Firfl they took Hayes
Ifland, and then the Fort on Rupert*s River. The French
Company at Canada procured a Detachment of Soldiers to
be fent under the Chevalier de Trcyes, who came over Land
from ^ebec^ and in a Time of profound Peace committed
thefe Ads of Hoflility.

Tis worth obferting that the French have fo good an O-
piniQn of their American Colonies, as to take not only alt
lawful, but even unlawful Means to preferve and enlarga
them, as contemptible as they are in vhemfelves j whereai
the Englijh, who next the Spaniards have the richefl Planta-
tions in that Part of the World, have been as negligent of
them as if they were not worth keeping.

The 8th of July i6%6, the Chevalier de Troyes catnc be-
fore the Fort at Albany River, where the Governor Mr.
Sergeant then refided. Two Indians had informed him of
their having furprized the Forts at Hayes Ifland and Rupert
River, and bad brought with them the grtat Cuos from tbofe
Places.

Co ^ Tw«

561

Two Hours after, the kngtift) Heard thetti difcft^e their
Guns, and faw fome bf them at a Diftatice. U^n which
Part of the Company's Servants diedared, they would not
vemure their Lives, vnleft they mi|;ht be iaitbred of Pay,
and fent Johtt Parfinsy and John Garret ^ two of their Num-
ber, in all their Namei, to the Governor, to teirhim^their
Refolutions. Mr. Serjeant, by Pl-omifes and giving them
Clothes and other Neceflaries, prevailed with them to return
to their Charge : But in a Day or two they mutinied again,
and Elias Turner, the Cunner, j)ofle(s'd the People With an
Apprehenfion^ that it was impomWe to hold but the Place;
declaring, that for his Part he would throw himfelf on the
French, Accordingly he went ^o the Gtivernor, and de-
fired Leave To to do^ but being tht^tfied to be (hot to
Death, in cafe he attempted it, he Was at lift perftiaded to
return to his Poft. ,-: ,, ^ 1 i \ •/. '^i ,'"*

The Engtijh (hot at \%eFrencW as' Ion| as they ab^caVed in
the Brujhesy and forced them to retire under tne Banks,
where the Guns from the Fort tould ttot hit them. The
French (hot only at the Engli/h with fmall Shot, as any of
them appeared upon the Flankers. When they had retired
under the Banks, they fet to Work to entrench themfelves,
and caft up a great Rank of parth, which cover*d them
{q^ that the Englijh could do no Executiorl Upon them.

The Governor all this while imagined the Enemy was
only raifing a Bank to fecure themfelves from the Shot
of the Fort y but afterwards he perceived they \yere pre-
paring a Battery, and theh he commanded the Guns of the
Fort to tire upon them inctfl&ntly,, which however did them
DO Hurt.

Frederic Johnfen^ who officiated as Gunner, on Turner's
* fefufing to ad, advifed Mr. Sergeant not to /hOot ^way the

Remainder of the great Shot in the Fort, there being not
above a Round more ; and he fuppofed the French muft have
brought their Guns by Water, if (Oy he hoped to fink their
iBoats, which would haye done more Service than firing
upon their; Entrenchments. But the /VW; hai found a
Way to bring their great Guns through the Wopds, aod had
planted them on their Battery, before the Englijh jvnj them.

The Governor fent out Francis Cave and ^ohn Jl^ichem,
to (ce if they could ohferve the, Pofture pf their Enemies,
and the $pie$, brougjht Word, that they had finim'd their
Battery, aiid mounted their Guns, which they faw them

This 10 aimearten*d the Feopie, that auemDTirtg themfelves

tpg^her, they agreed to depute che, moft confiderable among

I tbem

ne Htftory of HudfonV-Bay.
them to go to the Governor, and in their Names prefe
him to make the beft Terms he couJd, and Airrender the
Fort. Accordingly, Edward Co/es, Philip Sccvell, Hugh
Mitfhtlj Pt^illiam Arring^oHy IViiliam Holder^ John Stephens^
and others, came to Mr. Serseant^ and declared they would
ftand by nim no longer i alledging, 'tW4s in vain to think
they Oioyld be able to hoW out. Tlcy added, if any one
ot them (KoyJd lore a Leg or an Arm, or be kill'd, they had
reafon to doubt whether the Company wuuid take Care of
them, fhcir Wives, or Children, inftaricing the Cafe oF one
Coleburvy wherefore they depoaxidcd of him to capitulate.

In the mean time the French fired gpon the Flankers^
and the ^/7^% whatever the Governor comnnanded them
to the contrary, abandoned their Polls. He refufed to beat
a Parley, aod threaten'd thofe that would not do their Duty.

The Enemy's Shot had m.ade a Breach in the Flankers, and
damaged theHoufes in the Fort. Upon which, and the re-
peated Dei^es of the Men, who faid, The Tear would he fo
far j^ent^ that theyi tmld not hope to get home, but muji hi
flq,r^ed, t£the ^fi£fory Jhoijld he taken^ the Governor confent-
cd to a Parley j Mr. Bridger afifuring him the Enemy were
mining them, and they fhould certainly be blown up.
dgtfOutJajfi alCo agreed to capitulate, and the white Flag
wash^pgjOut> !Aft|8r which a Treaty was concluded, and
is as Ito^'*'

ARTICLES agreed upon between the Chevalier
de Tr^j, Commander \n. Chief of the Detach-;
ment of the North-fVeft, for the French Company
at Cuneda j and Henry Serjeant, Efqv Governor
for the Englijh Oonp^pany at Hudfon's-Bay, July i6^

563

It t\

.*! '< ■ > <f-

^t5(*"» x.iii o^ brTOf^ rr

Rfi{JHb^S^.'/T^/^ agreed upon to deliver up the Fort, toge*
"^ ther with all the Goods belonging to the Jaid
Cbmpatiyj tohtfh are to he fchieduled for the mutual clearing:
if ui' the hre-n^med^ and Sdtisjh^ion of all Parties. ': ' ;

WT^ardil We^dmpSi^^s "Sh^i^hti ^r Albany Rivef
IhdH en}^ all ff^dring Appnrei leloriging to themfelves.

■'■•■1 ;<■*■■. ': ^ r .l-i^ *:'i,^ :v; r %::}nan '' v^^J'^H

III. 'that the afarefaid Hcnr^ 'Serjeant, EJq;, Governor^
/hall etijay and p:lfefs ail that ielon^sto him/elf'^ and ^that his

5^'

^l^tyfet^y Ut^ihi^ Mcn^Svf^utt and Mdinii^mdnt, /hall
^hjfafttfy iTpMtitWf^ fMli^iH^ him.

Vv IV. Thai iJIf^CbivalUrAirTrcyts/haUcoftv^Mhhe Com-
pany'i BirOdnU^ io Churkoh JJIand^ then ta >Af<v<3. Englil}^
Ships for MrTranfpofirtamny'and' // EnglilW Ships Jhould
Mi arrive, then ihe afb^efaid Chevaiier 6t^Tr6ye&,is to aj/l/i
ihem with ivhat VeJfeU thi Ciumn affords^ '^'thei^yConvty-

v.-

anct into Eaghnd^ ■- n\-i? v.;\riH r.-x '^j^^^'-^\^^ \m'. ^

^ V. Thatthifiid ChevaRtr^Tw^^ fliaiyMtyet to the
jAid F?nry SerjcianC, j^i Gcvernor:, or to his Store- houfi-
keepet , Juth Prvoijions as Jhall be thotf^t ^t ting and necejjhry
to carry them for England, if m Shipt comip-^m thince^ and
in th mean time give thimfuch Sufienance tisJhdUhefuffidpnt
for them. -Va'.'.Viv ¥. v,,;;,-! .r-v fbuc ?::i[ry.v.i\ ^\\ \y^\'i\-s y _ , ■
■Vi.,y/,, q v;r; ! .' ,o:n'>!oi^' bnn biJBil ?iri '^r
VI. That all the 5/or^Ab<^« >5^i4tf *ij'/»r/f'? bjj;"rf«/"rt^
Keys delivered to the faid Chevalier de Troyes'j Lieufenant ;
ihat nothing may k; in the faid Stoi'i-houfis smbeasiltdHU the
Accmnt he taken^ according to tht firfl AticUx^^^ inai 3d n

iu:

Laftly, that the Governor 'diid'L.Tfhi€h^n^*pS^vattts

: ■ ■ at Albany River Jha\l come out tf thi Forty ' ahd deiiver h up

't ... to the faid Chevalier deTroyesj all Men, the Gmemor and

\. his Son excepted^ being without Arms, which is io bi forth-

tOith.:' ■' ■^''"- ■ '■■■ ' » K. •■■'■• -T • iriMMw-'^-ff >i;w ^^)\d ,VV,\VJ^

y': '' '' ■ ' '' ■' ■ ^ - -.', •■' t^r>f''•(■r}V^'^) ■•''

Accordingly the Fort was furroidCT*d; bat^thd f>v«M
made no Scruple to break fo much of the Articles^ as they
could get any thing by; for they plunder'd Mr. Berjaant
of ail his Goods, and fent him and his Family away in a
very ordinary Bark, ill fupplied with Provifions^ fuch is the
Honour of that Nation.

' The Company, notwitbftanding it appean very plain, by

the above-mentioned Account, which was fworil to before

^ Samuel Kicki, £i^; a Mafter in Chancery, that the Go-

yernor ^d 4JI he could to defend the Fort^ ufed himj at

ills Return^ to £']i^A»vi^, as barbaroufly almoft as cliei^^r^

had done ; but his Majefly was pleafed to take him into his

Service, which was the bm JuftificaiiOA of iiis Condu£t.

Thomas At mls time, Thomas Phtpe^ £1^ was Gov^mo^ oi Pm-

phipi, E/^; Nelfim, wbi^h was ribt then talccA^ t^ the /VMf6^ and die

inl'mim C^n^p^^y expe6M Fi)rhMa^y H?piiW h«v<been?raftorcdto

> ""'them in Ktng jTtf »fr/s dine ibut'^lilwi^

^^ere io vain- and ill deiS^tdemems^ tlfty^liad, Fort-
■'■" ' - . - iselfon

JS^^» eiwepred, ^ere abandoned tb th^ FrmcK King
JViiiidrtii^^m biiDccUratkjn of War againft the French King,
takes this particular Nocice of de Troyes's invading Hudfon^s-
Bayy' aBdideftjfCQ'iogthe Sngt/Jh Factories there, as thb French
IfiacJ d^ne ill other Places. . Bui thgt the French Klngfi>ouli
invAde^t^ Gh&ribbee Iflands, and popjs him/elf of our Ter-
ritories of the Province of New- York and Hud/bn'i-Bay,
in a hlf/fiU"^ Manner, feizing our Forts, burning our SuhjeSis
Ships, and enriching his People with the Spoil of their Goads
and Merchandizes, detaining fame of our Subjeffs under the
Hardjhip of IrAprifonment, caujing others '" he inhumanly kill'd,
and driving the refl to Sea in a fmall Veffel, are Anions not
heioming even an Enemy y and yet he was Jo far from declaring
himfelffo^ that at that, very time he was negotiating here in
Engliifld by hit Minijiers a Treaty of Neutrality and good Cor-
refpmdence in America. Such was King William^ Judgment
of his Fraud and Violence, which his Predeceflbr, with an
unj" italleFd Coroj>lacency, excufed.

v7i'Je War breaking out, as has been faid, between the
twoNacions> the Hudjot(srBay Company folicited for Soldiers
to be fent thither to recover their Sectlements; and in the
Year 1695, they retook all the Forts and Factories, which
the iPr*«<^;^ had taken ftom them in time of Peace.

In< which Expedition they met with no more Difficulties John
than the Chevalier </? Ttoyes had met with, Capt. Grinning- ^"^fJ'J;^^^!^
tan was the Perfon employed for this Service, and John Fan hJaxu^.
Knight, Efq; was appointed Governor of Fort Albany j but
his Government was of no long Continuance; for in a little
tim^-. the Frgnch fern fuch a Power againft the Bnglijh, that
thcyia^uiQ drove them from all their v>ettlements it^ the
Bc^ttctoi of (hie 6ayw -i> i<v ••> 'mtH* rr, -^^ i„r,f,:'

\iV\» French Company made Monfieur de la Fores Gover-
nor; of Fort i/Z/iw/i)',; and gar rifon'd all the Forts they had
taken ; which made it neceflary for the Government to
, fend ft;ftrongcr.i^wer tfew.,^*^ Cpmpany, could ^aife to

- OXhic Klag of En^hndy to proted thoir Trade, affigrtcd
them! t WO' Men of War for their Service in the Year i6i)(y,
m^cBonfivtnturi, Capt. Mlin ComiDaoder, and the Sia-
ford*. :\:\\^- y': . , . ■ , •--s^

Okpt. ^MtM conjing into the River Hayes, fent- to fummon
all the Foit» to furjendcr \ and the French Governor finding . . „ .
he could nor defenfd tlKdai againft the F^nglifhy capiiuldled,. >, ., .«
and dti the- 4d ^ i^#i^, i<^9<J, fufrender'd Alka/ny Y wx ^-y; y ^
upon:,«e*tain -Atticlcsj. the Chief of which wire, That salt '"''
tkfe /iin^fyidr/,2ai:f«d^|^fenc)l^jindiiiBs, tmdont Eaghih-

iW'

566 1%e Hijlory of HudfonV-Bay.

man, the Governor s Servant^ Jhould have their Lives and
Liberties, and that no Harm oir Violence Jhould be done to
their Perfons^ .tr any thing that belonged to them j that they
Jhould march out with their Arms^ Prunes beatings Colours
fiyingy Match lighted at both Bn4tt Bali in Mouthy and
carry with them the two Guns they brought from France} that
they Jhould all embark with their Qlotbes and Goods^ without
being vifi ted or pillaged in any thing i and if they met with any
French Vejfels^ there Jhould be a Truce between the Engljfli
and them ; and thefaid Freoch VeJfeU. Jhould be permitted to
take aboard the Perfons thai camg out of the /aid Forty with
all thfit belonged to them. 'Xh<i^^ Conditions were d little too
honourable co grant, but not to be comply'd with.'

Capt len took the Governor and (umc of his Men a-
board 1 own Ship j forae he put abpard the Seaford^ and
the reil aboard a Merchant-man, caird the Bering,

In his Return, he fougjit the Mary RoJe Frigat, then a
French Privateer of 5 o Guns, and was kill'd in the Engage-
ment, which gave the Frenchman an Opportunity to bear

away. ■. \. .,•.-.■ ^ x..A.V-.>iV',ii\ ■-.„>■ , ■> '■,..'

M to the other two Forts,' tney follow*d'thtf F^if^'&lF///-

bany^ and Mr. Knight was reftored to his Government. At

John which time John Geyer^ Efq; was Governor of Pott Nelfon,

Gcyer, Eftji jvif. Knight had ferved Mr. Serjeant, while he Nyas Governor

jrrTSun.of Fort Many, and was well acquainted with the Trade.

In the Year i6gy, the Hampjhire Frigat, and Owners

Love Fire-fliip, two of the King's Ships, were loft in this

Bay, and all the Men drowned. Indeed the Ice renders it

fo dangerous, that the Commerce feeins not to be w;orth the

Ri^k that is run for it. Whether thofe; two Ships tan againd

thofe frozen Mountains that float in that Sea, or founder'd,

is^ not known; but 'tis certain they were loft, and that all

the Men perifli'd.

The Trade to this Bay has decreafed ever fincc the Ufe
of Beaver^ ha§ fallen off in England. Peltry ia not now the
Commodity it was, and this Company, of Confequence,
does Qpt mvffi the Figure they did 13 or 14 Years ago.

In the prefent War, they loft Port Nelfon }o the french-^
and have either given up or deferred all their Settlements,
except Frrc Albany, where Mr. Knight managed their Af-
fairs till the Year 179^, when he was fuccecded by Jc/^w
FulUrton^ Efq; the prefent Governor at Albany River.

Notwicbftaoding the prelTing Ipftance I made to the
concerned in the Hud fan's- Bay Trade for Information to
continue the Account of it down to this tHne ; it not be-
ing yet come (o Hand, I s^jfa obliged tp^ be ihorc therein-

though

The mp^fhf rtudfon'^Bdyi'vt- - ' •

tKough I wa« very defirous to have enlarged a litrie upon k^'
on Account of the prefent Revival of the Fur-Trade i but ^
muft content myfelf with adding only, that the Company'!^'
Factories and Fonifications, wMch the Frenth had taken,J^
were reftored to thetti by the Peace of Utrecht in the fol-'''
lowing Articles. ' ,, ' ' "^

Article X. The fatci'"Moft Chrijiian Kiti^/hati reflore to
the J^ingdom and ^een of Great Britain, to be pojfefi'd in ^
full Right for every the Bay and Streights of Hudfon, toge"
ther with all Landsy Seas^ Sea-Coajis^ Rivers and Places
fituate in the fat d Bay and Streights, and which belong there-
tOy no TraSls of Land or Sea being excepted^ which are at fre-'
fent p0efsd by the SubjeSis of France. Allwhkh^ as well as
any Buildings there made, in the Condition they now are, and
likewife all Fortrejfes there ereSfed^ either before or fnce the
French felled the fame^ Jhally within fx Months from the
R^'if cation of the prefent Treaty ^ or fooner if pojfible^ be well
and truly delivered to the Britith SubjeSls^ having Commijjion
from the ^een of Great Britain to demand and receive the
fame^ intire andundemolijhedy together with all the Cannon and
Cannon-Ball which are therein^ as alfo with a ^antity of
Powder^ if it be there found, in Proportion to the Cannon-
Ballf and with the other Provifim of War ufually belonging
to Cannon. It is however provided, that it may be entirely
free for the Company a/* Quebec, and all other SubjeSfs ofthi
Moji Chri/iian King whatfoever, to go by Land or by Sea^
whitherfoever they pleafe, out of the Lands (/f the faid Bay, to-
gether with all their Goodsy Merchandizes, Arms and Effe^s^
of what Nature or Conditionfoever, except fuch things as abovi
referved in this Article, &c.

Article XI. The above-mentioned Moft Chriftian Kingjhatt
take Care that Satisfadfion be given, according to the Rule bf
Jufiice and Equity, to the EngliHi Company, Traders to the
Bay c/*Hud(bn, for all Damage and Spoil done to their Colo'
nies, Shipsy Perfons and Goods, by the hofiile Incurfions and
Depredations of the French in time of Peace, an Efiimitti
to be made thereof by Commi/fari's to be named at the Rgdu^ioH
of euQ^ Party, W» \, , ,

it -J

'! br

M^ViiT >,.*ii

A 'V

■«..>JrJ.*.>;Ji

'■^.\.

It V.

V'l ■

fht'End of the First Volumb,

• O

ti i;!i;i • '^A ri*^; ■iLrn.M'.'

,bai.ii

Jirno . 1:1^ .^-

567

l,m^<wn-'^

•A-

^^'

\-y

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