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 N O T E S 
 
 • ro.v 
 
 (' A N .\ D A 
 
 ANf> TIIK 
 
 IJNITJ^J) STATES 
 
 From 1832 to IS 10. 
 
 •"^ciKx.sMAM, s,.vr,,oK...Kr,Tnr:u. .N.,., 
 
 nXE BOOK. 
 
 f^V A T];.\\KJJ,{.:|- 
 
 m;(uvi» Kii it r«»N. 
 
 rojfOXTO, 
 
 is 1(1. 
 
^ A 
 
 * ' « 
 
 . V " 
 
 •-. s 
 
 ,-» ^ 
 
 i- /: 
 
 re 
 
 T6 
 
/' 
 
 r R E F A C E. 
 
 Much Ims beoii sail against travellers gencrnlly, aM<l American 
 ones purticularly, lor ihoir profusion of worda nvvii irr«'levuiif sul>- 
 ju«'ts, anJ sijiiihr occasioiis ; very like lookiog tor the iriooii witli a 
 liglitcd lorcli, or hiifrlitcniiic^ the sun hy lUaminatcil iapor.N. IJut 
 are tli'.^ i'ramers of ilils o}»icction aware, ("r do tliev at all rcHe<"t, ou 
 tlu"! ootiJition (o whicli tliev would n-ducc tli;3o sTinkw that mow, 
 ii) liulk and number, demaud .^o iriuch fimo un\ largo a space? As> 
 the minds of men uta sci mingly constituted, sul misslvely yielding 
 to tlio applause of the world, which they estimate m proportion to 
 tlu^ noise that they make in u, or tlie share which ihcy occupy, it is 
 no .small ilifi'iculty, nay alt(>gether hazardous, to ])res(:rilje for or 
 limit it. Being of tliis opinion, any furtlicr comment would not 
 only be superfluous, but tm intrusion on the reader, to whom it 
 being evidently my duty, as it's certainly my desire, to lie plain- 
 and simple, 1 wouid sliortly say— bo not too hasty in concluding^ 
 lliat. because the work 4>elbre you — tjuitc original in .ts way — [» 
 sir.iiW am^tin ori^td.Table, it is thereioro devoid of labor or etujuiry^ 
 and concluslvi^^y unflLLing your atlcntiou or reapocl, since its grent 
 claims on both, are-a^»j;etty sure defence agalo'^t rivak or competi- 
 tors. On exiiibitini; Hn^ritonwy production to such a one. he uni- 
 formly observes, and tho world joins issue, — I'ooli I a trllle ! quite 
 easy ! Jiid hint commit this trifle to his own memory, be licsitateg, 
 and begiiis to pause in liis belief. I'lace tho same <juantum ol' blank 
 jr before him to fill up with any similar fri/le of hi.s « wn, which 
 
 {)apet 
 
 let hmi attempt to do for a brief space only, and what think you 
 then is his opinion of its ease .' Thia, if it fail to instil wisiorn, will 
 
 at least teach ua chaiitv 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
Alihoufjh divt^M of lhe9(! notos, c.«nci:ia]|y the roricliKlljig ont*8» 
 Ije^'iiinini: after AJiloutln, pii;_'o 44, aiul li'Mihrl Misct.'lliint'oiis Arli- 
 clo8, to which the n-udor is pariicuUrly cliiectctl, may iippeur to 
 liiiii new aiid ?t:iiflin«5, he i< not, on llmt nccount, to reco'vo them 
 cavalierly : fiT how ni.iiiy events hiippcn ui his own country, let 
 silone any other, of v\hich history msiki^s no rnontiuti, thou^xh funiihar 
 t<i the ni.lhon : ciihcr that th(?v uro too numen)us, or niav have 
 escaped ol'servalion. At- I notwithstundinf; tliut 'cnil' ig unipics- 
 fionahly furnishes ns u'iii a great variety of facts, still they can 
 liardly he cilh-d conijilcte, until travel has contrihuted those pre- 
 viuuslv unkno\\n. Linuilv. liaviii<; taken vc>iir anlinudversions into 
 serious considerati'tii, so iiiietjuivocully shown hy my prestMit pro- 
 tliiction, and endeavoured to avoid the excesses conijilainod of, you 
 have now an opporinnitv of Jecluring", whetlit-r tho errors of luy 
 r.otnpeers may have iofhiencedyour judj^rufiiti ur tijul the objectiona 
 ^vhirh you raiio arc indeed sincere. 
 
 «.* 
 
 >>. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 
 I 
 
 NuTK— ^^ after catli lieadinj);. stands for Adiintda; n, Nut cs on Canada ; 
 and ?/t, MisictiUaiit'ouH Ariidea ; all fi)run;n I'jllowiug the latter sigaiiy tUe 
 fige, but those of tbe former mean the n>Ap. 
 
 AsEciiOTcs. — I Liiiua-ftT, n. lAo. Judj^o lii.hinsoii, 'Jl'9. Miss B imes, 
 221. A MiiuhiU-r, -JIT. Friends.; 215. Tij>soy Di^-k. lil'J Catholics, 1'13. 
 Clerks. I't, i:UH. I'.ird. lii)4. A Colonel, 'JtJ2. I'euny NuIch, I'.t. ^StoveB, 
 ]8:>. Funs, ISO, 17'^. Flii|.i.<'rs, J 77. I'uiu}), 17G. Flannel an<l (i«irup, 173. 
 Flaxseed, 172. A Horse, Hi'.*. Two Kiij'Iish, 100. lirotlH^rH, 140. Shop- 
 poelr>. 122 City Hull, Sit. I'a.xquin. 73. A<liiiiral.'<. '.H Irish Italls, 47. 
 IJoxiti),!; Kur.si, i!') .Iud!j:e and (.'ounsel, '^\. La Fayette and Moreau, 37. 
 Forced Loan, .'Mt Ne^r<». l?< Earl Fenihroke, a. 0. New rx'dforders, 7. 
 Cawing, 10. Duke of Clarence. 12. Tatideni Club, 20. Cicero and Dog, 
 27. Dclioieut, ii.'). Lindley .Murray, 47. Patrick Cary, r>l. yuid est hoc, 
 h%. Vaukee Preacher, "iH. W'.^st, Hardi)ig, and Sunday, .V». \d. Mawkin?, 
 til. N. B. Wale<, 'i;;. Factory, 04. Jaoksiia and Scgur, OH. IfdiHuihack, 80. 
 Prince Ccnti. 8^1. Law's lJii))ble, '.t7. Mez«ray, 134. A l»au;j;htcr, 124. A 
 UUislorer, 143. Good Thunder, 148. Teamster, Meaux, and IJops, 185. Mr. 
 Wilson, 1H8. CJeneral 8imcov, 205. Jriir H. Bale, 211. I'eter .lones, 220. 
 Drant, 2!^4. Kar! Mountcashel, 204. Locke, «<. 4M. Maniuis > )' SliffO, 49, 
 Captain OoHuold, .')1. Captain Stewart, Z".:). Oldy's M.S. 01. .M.ominahlo, 
 (58. Voltaire. 70. Black, H(>. Adams .ukI .lacksf.n, HO. Napoleon, 02. 
 Keith .)ud Barclay, f'8. Ciuodluck and .Sir W. "Walworth, 1(»5. Bone, Barnes, 
 and Ihiylon, 107. Home Tookc, Uo. Wright. 127. Feelings, 138. My- 
 self, 150. Dr. CoUyer and the Forty Thieves, 154. Southey, 15.5. Class 
 Leader, 15G. Burgoyne. Ribier, and Duke of Hichnioi\d, 100, Wolfe, 
 Cromwell, and Cartier, 101. rapineau. Old T'nrr, and Flyinj.', Squadron, 
 102 Si.' Frnnois Head, 104 Ihikc .f >Ve!linKt..n, 170. Buchanan and 
 Warner, 172.— (\.ndenaed summary begmiiing • Strangers to the two Coun- 
 tries," from m. ilm to 184. 
 
IV 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 AMKTiiOWTMMfl — ft. M: hftt nnfl hojmot, a 14fi; extrnct.H, a. 240, m, 7U, 
 in, Ht:!; ladiot, <«. 77, n>. 7''', IlJi>; VLTsutilify, m. hi ■ i (.Tonipts. vi. I-JA; 
 
 »'u|iluMty, '/I. I''..H; iiriiiy 
 
 aim Tiiiw, 
 
 m. 
 
 ] 2^ : cpiHciipiir'y. u. JM; llihlo, 
 
 57: almunacks, »". iL't; irui'^U', '/ HI: ai i-itocrnoy. 
 
 coinii^re, a. 
 
 m. 
 13. 
 
 7'j. '.••»; H«'lf-^.'!ontii:a(ii'>i, m. 
 
 i;{o; critiiMHrn, a. W. 6H ; ,\stoiia, n, 2'2') : nnti- 
 
 qunriaii soci 
 Au'lrc, v. .'>M ; 
 lt'.4. Ilukvrs, 
 
 •ty, <i. f)'.'; aiiti«iuitii'S, H. -tl'* ; nii"'li">ry. "■ 1"'), Arin-l'I and 
 
 m. 
 
 ir,s 
 
 !l^''-t.'S, 
 
 /". 
 
 14''; aii'tiotUMT!^, 
 
 kl' 
 
 It 
 
 )ll. 
 
 '.)'.K KaHitr-, a. 171. Itattt-ry, 
 
 
 Bit til 3 (M)iniuis) S«>tt1fnn.iit, //. 2t)4. l5all<it, 
 2'J">. Beg^MTH, w. '.'il. iSi'iiiiiiiiiii-riiitli-niM 
 
 Ball'MitiH, < 
 BfjiviT M«'ail<ivvh, 
 
 n. 
 
 in. ;/<. 
 
 I •"<•-' Mi.sliMfM Xojjro) m. 51). 
 Bill-iiotic«', '^ 211. Blatkl.inh, m. HS. Blasi>lMMny, tir DM. Mhu Monk. ;/,. 
 145. Blue liiws, '.'M Itriruli capital. ». 7'»: rulf, 11>^. Bnitiis, i>,. VSA. 
 
 Bi'itkcu V)aMkM. /.(. h2. 
 si'lh-rs, //. mS 1,1, 
 
 lU 
 
 I') Boarilinp liouH*'.-., /<. 'J. Bouks and 
 
 II"., IM. hninduiios, "i. ''iH I'lurial jrriMind.'*, a. 1 14. 175. 
 Bunptown rnonoy. /(. 2?.4. BiitclnTS. .r. 2<»!i. ('anai>\. ". 21 1. m. 150 Canals, 
 a. 10«, Capo.s, n. 1;!1, w. 150. ('.iijituj, m. 8ti. «')it f v-oison, «r. 11;]. ("'u»b 
 (new), ;?. 4',», w, 7:i. Cntholivn, 71. 11(1, /;. «5. Cliurciiosmi.l I'liapeln. n. hO. 
 1J4. CliiM-liirtli, ?>. 20;i. Coal, «. I-I. Cluck'*, w. ST. CvfToo-Hlioi.s. w. !»>(►. 
 Colleges ami Scliools, n. 58, l-'nl , ladies, n, a'>, 52, ls;{, nt 101. Colonlstg, 
 w. 4*1, Colunihus, 7>. 7. Concession /». 257. Conpre.HS. n. »]8. (V</jn(!^ 
 Qiiaiier.9. ni. 4fi. (Joartozans, ;'<. OH. Corn-laws, 'm. 181. Cn.'dits, <t. 210. 
 Currency, 7/!. 1 14. Cut-money, a. '.'H. Czamidarnio, n. 74. D.uuv, «. 
 8J. Debt, n. 70, w. 84. Defuultor.^ rn. 4!», 140. Pefiimation, m. 148. 
 Democrat, ?/', fl7. 77. Uro.s.s, '/. 21i'). Divorce, m. 04. Dollnr, «. 18. Duels, 
 m. 07. EocEM'uifiSM, tii. 1)3. Kmijrrants, n. 102. l-^mfiiro State, 71. 6. 
 Episcopal clergy, ?/t. 50, 15.'{, 15^. E(|\io.strian<<, m. 00. Executions, ir 08. 
 Esquire, w. 120, 140. Faiims. 71. 05, r>i. 102. Fare.-^. wj. 110 Fennto!<h. 
 a. 200. F'n-fy, /«. 00. Five Points, <r. 88. First S« ttler.s, r>. 21. Flour 
 mart, J/?.. 114. Florida, a. 20. Franklin, Dr. m. 00. Fools' day, »». 87. 
 Freemasonry, fv. 05. Freshets, m. 125. Fullon, m. 115. Oakkkv's, /<. 15, 
 7n. 127. OaloR, 7«. 141. OcneraLs, a. 01. Gipsies, Fortune Tellers and 
 Gamblers, n. 150. »), 00. riirdUnt', «. 180. CJirard's 1- p I'j, n. 60. God 
 save the King, //. 84. Glass and I'apor, m. 127 Goldmines. ??, OH. Go- 
 vernments, m. 49. Grand Juries unable to write, a. 248; solinolma^ters, m. 
 102 ; senatorr, «. 08. Groggeries, >". 88. TlAnnANS. ;«. 248. Harmony, 
 fi. 40. Housed I'ooms, ^.. 142. llobrow Ellipsis, a. 20. Kellfrafe. /;, 40. 
 Hoax, m. 112. Hotels, rn. 00. Houses (curious) '?. 20. Hiidilirastic, a. 244. 
 Ice, 7«, 101. Illinois. /(. 08. Impostors, m. 88, 100, 117. 110. Indian-?, w. 
 23;H, 230. Indiana, m. 00, Infidels, h. 80 rw. 125. Incest, ete. m. 148, 
 Insolvents, a. 54. Tnte>nperance, ?«. 88. Interest, m. 83. Intolerance. 77. 
 0.15. Irish remittances, <;. 18. .Iatk Kf.oth, ff. 145, Jcavs, a. 7, m. 04. 
 Jesuits, 171. 103. Judges, m, 03. .lurics, ,1. 03. ?«. 04, 71 Jumping Sams, 
 f«. 144. Junius, w. 120 Kftstonb State, m, 77. Knickertiocker, a. 
 58. Kosciusko, ?i. 38, 237, Lack^vxall, 7>i. 103. Lakes, n. 239. Land- 
 
I 
 
 grares, "i A^ T.in'l?", n 5^, a 01. Law, n. n 72, m h7. Lo'L'frini* nrl 
 Tiiok, m. lO-l. I'JO I.ofri-<liiturr«. m. T*), 77. U'.Mi»tli .tf hyji. »t It;. Line 
 hoiit*, (/. l^S. Litrviiturf. w ')S. m H'J, I I'j l.itnr^ry. rn. 5»i. L.m^TMty, 
 ;i. fil /.-),'</ Titn.tiiv iM'xtor. vx. I'Jl. I.nr.i M.iyur m fil LoN. t»,. I»'4. 
 LottcricH «. '». 1-7. Lnuutic <'liiiprl^, r». 7".V Ly«<Miin. '". lO'J, 1 yin li r,ii\r, 
 tt. ir>4. ^^All (LnnlK 1/ 7. Munin^o. •». o. KH. M,irk"tM, n l.'« Mer- 
 cliiiii'li.-fP. ii;'W, ?/( 17 ^It'thr.ili.stM. >?. "JIS m W.\. Milk. ?• *! Mites. t». 
 liil ML^xitijiiiry, u 'JJl. »«. 7'.'- Missixsiyipi, w. IIT), ^f.lntr<>nl »», 'JJ5 
 M I'liit \'('niiin. -r W Moiiminir. m. 110. Name", '» :i'». w* 77 Vcw 
 Eiigliful, // 7. New .l('i>-i>> , m '.<'•. Nfn Orl<';xn-<. //; '.•_' N«'w Sjylf /'< 
 Tirt. NewspiijKT^, rt. ;{4, VI. lit;. Nfw V'lrk (Pilots m ''7), <^ II. w. U>1, 
 Niiigarii Fall.-. -;. I'.i7. (ifMitvr, w. I M. Nuim-ry jrr«>iiii'i-<, / >'l. Ok- 
 
 FKNCKf, ;» .!!». ;<■'>. '«. HO. (»|ii<., ,/. <»;. Ol.l lljith, '/, IH'.t. (>r|ili!ill>.. •{ *J0o. 
 
 nitlii'iiniiihy m. 14H. IVmkkt", 'I. Ti, y^\\. T'liinitT.- .iivl Popij, n\ lOfi. 
 i'unulo, //*. '.••■^ P:tr!iii'ii(nt-. .J. 2(»iS, m. \\\'\. \\k\ IVi.-m ti^rr Slilps, n 'W. 
 VatiMii.s, ». 2*>. /". I M>. rutrodii, «. ITiH ]»,nil .Iont.»H, •/ X*}. ra<i]icrs, n. 
 4'J. "<. ''1 iVoviihrfiktrs, <». lU'i. J''>ilir«. u, \h\. I'eunl iiniicttnt^iitM, n. 
 P2, .1. V III. IIK I'ehitcatiario.s, 7i. 1<11. V»m,ii. „. ir;, ,„. M.o feiif^ion 
 Roll, w. 20. IN'triri. il Kon-st, >/ UlO I\-f\v..rtli C'HutriitUc. m. \W2. l>hy- 
 fioians, etc.. n. VM, ni 111. rilu-imi F.i«l:('rf., ;r 1'), ».. 5't. Plati/i-i. m. 9C. 
 Politinil n!Uiu'-<, t •>«, 7". ''1 I'ottor'H Fi.-M, ,n. \^^. I'ortH, «. :y> Vont- 
 office, 7«. 100. Toil lion, a. 21. l"' ultry, rn (iO. I'raiiios. m. t»l. Tniyor 
 Book.a, m. 17J. Prc^<i'^•tlt.•^, 7H, 71. VrLsuiis, n.a.'l^<.m KKS 'Ji khkc, 
 
 m. KiO. Qiiiltinjr. n 77. Quiz, a. 06. llA^K(•ol•B.^K, /; HI KiicootL*, a. 
 40. Rniruali.sm, m. 120,104. Hain, a 27 m. ^\^^ Uiitilc^nak.-s, ;r 02. 
 Ke'lomptiouists, r7 Ih. Ilegifiili* gravfts. /«. llf). lU-nt. v. -A, .'iO, «. 101. 
 Koligutiif- iJmu'iiig SdiOftl. »i. lO'J. JU'lMiI'liL-ani-im, /n. .'ih, 174. Hovivalt?, m. 
 122 Rovcjnu^s, n. 25, i:m, 220. Rul|.!i lamily. -( 21. Uli.^.lr I.^^ldtJ.!. m ftH, 
 Riot'. '' llo. Rivers, m. Ui). Ropecrnsiuns, n. lif Kuml'i.ril. ("Minit, ,u. 07, 
 S.VDObW 13.\o», n. 2')2, ni. l''>0. Solicnoftady, ■ 171 ,Sarra(ogo Sjirings. (/. 
 lii.'3, m. no. Hca .SoriH'Mt, w lO'.t f^ca Sifknc«s, .;. 1. S.-. tariiin.'-. wi. 66, 
 l')!. 7'<, in., It'.J. .s.crrt ."^.Tvices. m. W^. Solkirk sottl. iiifiit, v. 100. 
 So0iin<'lc War, in. Vl><. Shaving, n. H7. Shu\orH, m. 101. Sliii)-jla>^tt'rfi, 
 
 83 Signers of liKlcpenilenco. a. 1\. S'lk. n M. Si>?terH of ('h.irity, 
 
 m. 
 
 122. Slaves, m 62. Sleeping in Woods, n. I Hi). Snags, Plaiitern. itml 
 Sawyery, ;;. 11^ Spinning Visit,?, w. l-'»:l SpciMiliitora, m. 8.'). Sjiitting. ,•». 
 4;!. Si)eac'.'r. ki. 140. Springfit.-M, m. 14''. S,jna lers*. m. 140. S<|aaw, *r 2-'M. 
 Swamp ami IVivfoi?. //. O;]. Swimlliug. a. -01, m. 81, 84, 180, lb8. Star- 
 gazer, m. Ori. S<ea!nboat<. v H.'., a. jll, m. 108. Suckcnt. m. 100. Sur- 
 voyors, 'I 214. TAH.r.ii, m. 140. Taxation, »». 0.'., 82, 144 Ti;a, .- 146; 
 Destroyers, m. 78. Test Oath. m. 118. Toxa;^, m. 72; Pignitarie,-, n. 171 ; 
 
 Theatres, tn. 05, 148. Thirteen Wives, 
 
 m. 
 
 <t6, Tobacco, w 12.'). Tom 
 
 l'nin'.« Farm. •! TtO. Toronto, a. 205, »n. lOO. Town- an'l T 'wn.shipi, n 
 luS, 2tU), m. 00. Tradesmen, etc. n. 16, 22, 128. U. i:. Lov,vlisis. ;>: 141. 
 
n 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Um^jrcllu, m I'U Vails, m 71. VcBtrios, n. 80, Voluntary I'rinciple. 
 
 W4 ll'.i, W vf.KH, n I'i.'l. M.P.'h «. li:i, m. 90 Wutchmoti, etc., n. 210, 
 a 1;;7 Wn>,Iiiu>it.>ii, a. iiO. The <JeiU'rul, «. r..|, ;«. 10" Water-ri«iug, w. 
 IIT) WebaUTM IMotionary, /<. a. f»2. AN inipuin, /«. '>H. West Vo'int, u. Z(i. 
 Wlii.li> Pixh.'ry, 7«. TiO. Wliil. h'jiitcrs, n. OO, '.fj Wliitlkld, m. lit.. Wliit- 
 Mugioa's lullt(^«\ m. 71. Wimur l'iirti»!H, ?/.:-$ 4 Witt:lu.i;it't, v. Ifjl. Wdllt', 
 Clon. rt. 61 VV .rkliduses, m. 'M. Wuinen Logi-slutorH, m. 40, >'A: nfCi'<\ tt. 
 r')8, HO. «. 77, 4J W..0.1 travelling, -u. 115, G<»1<1 lofif, a. 170. Woi^UftU 
 GoMpels, a. 30; <li.» Tea Garvk'iiM, a 8», Yellow Fkvku, u 4.v 
 
 The objpcf of t.iuB work hcinpr tij compress the p;reiit«";t (immint of infovmo 
 ti«)U ill iIh' Hm.'ilU'st pus.sihU'. lirnitB, frve, or next to Iron frotii (>iilar^<'i)U'iit l.y 
 detail, oxceptiiig, pi'rha|>!<, itn tliini part ln.'atK'«l, " Mi-icclLint'ous Articles ;" 
 cxi'laius its <liv»T>ity i/t snlijocl.s und tlu'ir hn-Miy of treatiiu'iit Scc also ilio 
 liOjriiiJiiiit: aiul t'lulinjf (tf .-.lid tliird pail, wliicli, ^^itil lla; rv>u iii ■ (niirii; like- 
 WiH«' •' Marnuil ot" Orthoepy." oc(•u^;i^,nully aliudod to, nwi ".\ppei\(lix of 
 Additional \rficlos, ' form about 400 closely printed |pti;:;(';s. 8oine additions 
 may tie ft.tiud iu a sub^ot)iieut iiroductiuti eutitletl, ''Itom.s ou Truvel, Auec- 
 dote, aud rupulur tx-rors." 
 
N O T F. S 
 
 rpoN 
 
 CANADA AND THF. IJMTHD STATKS. 
 
 I 
 
 4 
 
 I 
 
 WiiKN iindcrtakinj; II journey of imy mpgiiitudo, I iisuaHy 
 rntcr nolos m iui a'Jvers;irii». In the latter part of l*^M2, I mad* 
 u voyage fiom Mni^larid to ('antula, wliicli ( nicoinpli'-liod via \ew 
 York, boing itiuic aurocublt; and loss (]ani;;orouM tlmn lIuitofQue. 
 bc'C. (-oncei\ni<; ii posxiblo that information obtained in this way 
 nji^liJ bo of soniu Hurvtci* lo otliors, I have hneu the more diligent 
 wiih (ny lulvursana. Awaro of the {jioneVril impreasiou as lo tra- 
 vel.s, 1 shall iMi(li;ivor to jirolil from the knowU-d^n), by pniiing my. 
 self into that sort of posilinn. wijwth every man is anxious to occu- 
 py who IS sensible of hid natural wants to day, and desirous of se. 
 curing thoin for ttinorrtjw. To cm, this introduction short — bein^ 
 much averse to long ones — hero follov/ e.vtra'^ts from my aforesaid 
 adversaria, pieniiMiig ihutihcy are plain matter-offact notes, oe- 
 casionally, fr(»in their origin, uriconnecled, but, collectively, it is 
 presumed, supporting my professions. To say more would np- 
 prouch the JistinctH'ii which we miil;^ at table, where, on dining, 
 u man must, refrain from any iKjuid, though at th*} ha/.ard of his 
 life, whilst a morsel of food bo in his mouth, or he is pronounced 
 vulgar; but at breakfast or tea, though cramm(!('. lo suliocation, 
 he may dolngo it with the whole contents of the tea-poi, and be 
 Kiil) considered perfectly genteel. To facilitate reference to any 
 particular note, as chapters in a work like this are out of the ques. 
 tion, 1 iiavo pretixed u numerical figure to each, which, like mile- 
 stones on a turnpike road, may not indeed be of much im[tortance 
 to a f hnnoteer, but, perudvciUure, of no small advantage to the 
 pedestrian. 
 
 1. Left the London Docks Oct. 27, 18:^2, in the American 
 packet Ontario, for New York, and c.xp» rienced such rough wea. 
 ther on beating out, that on arriving ofT Portsmouth, one passen- 
 ger, alarmed, gave up tlio voyage, and was (hero put on shore.— 
 2. An American packet is superior to most others, one only, for 
 the last twelve years, having been known to founder, wliilat du. 
 ring that period, eight of His Majesty's have been lost. As, since 
 discontinuing wino and spirits in (ho cabin, the passage charges 
 vary, I would recommend an application to the captain : if you 
 
 B 
 
KOriS ox C'AT^ADA 
 
 prefer the sfeorage, you will in that case require provision ; bui 
 information thereon will readily be furnished you on board. Ilnvo 
 a care that the -^hip is not an old one, and with a steerage six fuel 
 clear. See that iho mid-hatchway communicates with the en- 
 trance, so as to atTord a current of air; likewise glass inlets on 
 deck, thereby adinittmg lifjlit when the hatchways, by stress of 
 weainer, are obliged to be down. Choose your birth on the wind- 
 wara side, about the fourth iVom the ladder hatc!)way. and the low- 
 er not the upper one. Observe if the vsciippers, sule outlets for 
 letfino; .jtf shjj'ments, are cpiite clear and open. If upon deck 
 when shipping a sea, seize the first rope, and hold fast until it has 
 subtsided. A wet ship, as was the Ontario, means a shipper of 
 seas ; a dry one is known by its olfensive bilgo-watcr. IMedicinu, 
 beforo enibarkmji, prevents much sickness. 
 
 iH. On the nifjht of Df'C, 7lh a passen;;;er died, chielly frf)ni 
 the want of medical aid : hence the incoasisJeiicv of exactinj: 
 ^1, r)0 from each cabin, »nd >f»l from every steerage passenfjer, 
 for the New I'ork Ojiaraiitme llcyspiial, which received 881, ^^'21 
 in 1830, Irorn 29,770 Eurojiean i»assengers, and leaving the shi[) 
 without a doctor. 4. Soon al!e»' the deceased had been vhrown 
 overboard, praver^- being first read by the captain, a violent iona. 
 do came on. During the pause preceding its lormiuatiun, several 
 •'oices, three oi' thorn female, raised a gentle choru> to Adrlison's 
 beaiiiitu) hymn at sea, composed while o:) his voyage to ItaU . :Sa- 
 dred harmony is at all times attractive, and especially grateful at a 
 season like this : nevertheless the storm had scarcely suhsidtul, 
 when all on board laughed at their past terrors, but no sooner did 
 another fhrca[cn, than they it;stanl.ly betook themselves to medtia- 
 tion, and he, who iit halcyon days was known as the noisiest, in- 
 variably, on tempests, became the most humble. 
 
 5. On getting into the otVing, or open sea, the first sounds I 
 recognized from the sailors were those of Moth' Carey's cluck- 
 ens, wliich they applied to a small black bird, about the size of a 
 swallow. Their appearance toreboded a stoi m. Its proper name 
 is I'cinl. 0,1 approaching land they exchange the homeward lor 
 nn outward bound shiji : it is not precisely known where they breed. 
 Ii. tine weather I often saw the Nautilus or sei snail : sailors call 
 it the Portuguese man o( war. The sea weed floating around the 
 vessel, now denoted our vicmily to the Oulf stream ; tlio circum- 
 ference of its vast whirlpool is l.'),000 miles : it was unknown to 
 Columbus, and was first observed by Sir Francis Drake; but its 
 warm temperature, and efiect on the climate of tlie adjoining conn. 
 try, were not discovered until about fifty years since. We had a 
 very dangerous passage, but fortunately lost only the captain's 
 boat, though considerably damaged in the rigging, fi. Regular 
 packets across the Atlantic were established 150 years after the 
 diicovery of America : they first sailed, in 1764, between Corun. 
 
A^U Ttia C«n'BD iTATlS. 
 
 § 
 
 na and the Ilavannah. The Liverpool packet line bopan running 
 in Isls, and up to lS-^7, made 1^^ voyages, averaging i!4 Jays to 
 the eu.-tunrd, and 3^ to the westward : shortest passage to T.iver- 
 pool wa3 Iti dav^, and the loogrst 37. The shortest to New York 
 was ii'J davs, the longest 71. The <|uickest from Ne\y Yorkis 
 made iv .ovetnber, and from Liverpool in September. The Ame- 
 ricnn packet SuMson conveyed the greatest number of passengers 
 this season, being 15 in the cabin, and :•'>() m the steerage. Cer- 
 tificntes as to character arc useful to emigrants ; they should be 
 from magistrates, clergymen, or ministers. Letters of introduc- 
 tion to any resp'^ciable mhabitant in the place of your destination 
 are regarded with still greater favor. 
 
 7. l)ec. 17, H:vj, arrived at New York, so named from Jamea 
 Duke of York, brother to Charles IL, the chief commercial city 
 of America, standing in a state of the same name, called »lie New 
 Netherlands until lrt74, wht n it was changed to New York by the 
 British, and denominated, by its inhabitants, the empire state, built 
 on the isl.ind of Manhattan, because anciently peojjled by an Indi- 
 an tribe of that name, 12 mdes long and 1^ broad, with a harbour 
 y miles in length and 4 in breadth. The llrst legislative assembly 
 for the province met here Oct. 17, 1083. New York and Ohio 
 iStaies are now more nt.nnljus than the whole thirteen on their 
 first confederation. The modern part of New York is handsomely 
 built ; It contains 240,000 inhabitants, has 70 steam boats plying 
 daily in its harbor, and is the chief depot of the United States na- 
 vy. The fleet of CoUurd)Ms, with which, in 1402, he discovered 
 this hemisphere, comprised one vessel with a deok, and two small- 
 er without flecks. The abo'-ijiinces of America were first called 
 Indian.^ by Columbus, because, upon discovering their country he 
 mistook it for India. New England, so named by Capt. Smith in 
 1014, IS the \. E. section of America, comprising six st^ie- — 
 Maine, New Manipshin Vurniont, Rhode Island, Connectic and 
 Massachusetts. 65,000 scioare miles in extent, and granted by 
 James I., in I02t), to the Plymouth Company. The natives of 
 this region alone come under the soubriquet of Yankee : they as 
 often misappl\ Corknnj to us, as we do Yatdec to thern ; they are 
 a busv antl ever restless people : the word contrmwct well applies 
 to them, being somewhat of a Memphistoclcs in dealing, so much 
 Bo, that it is said that a son of Abraham is hardly to bo met with in 
 all their territories, though 800 strong in New York, and circa 
 10,000 in the Tnion generally The first child born of English 
 parents in Amr rica, was a daughter to Mrs. Dure, of VirginiH, on 
 Oct. 18th L587. The Landed Slates have only 4 persons to a squar« 
 mile, but China 300; England, Ireland, the Netherlands and Italr, 
 200 ; France 150, and Scotland H), 
 
 8. Soon ai* the Ontario was moorr-d, many passengers, ac- 
 rompanied by Mr. F , a gentleman of color, went on *hor«. 
 
6 
 
 TfOTE* O-V CAN -^ DA 
 
 Repairing tQ|A coHee lioijse for r«;freshrnf'n!, i\n Americnn, then 
 present, approaching M;. F., desiroc) hirn to withdraw ! llponiliii 
 passpnpc.rs iuterlenitt;, the Ianclh)rcl inlornieJ them liiot he iJarw 
 not sutier u man of Cf)lor to sit in tlie s;ime room with Americans ! 
 They arr; not allowed admission lo places of puhiic worship ; and 
 in Ihc-c of amusement, thi.:; notice is .-tuck up, " N. B. A place is 
 reserved for peo|)le ot color." 
 
 9. New \ork was first settled hy the Dutci m 1G14, and then 
 called New Amsterdam ; board aiitl lodjiini:, in srttuo private hoij. 
 ses S'2, 50 per week . tjie >>ame tertus, with a better table, may be 
 obtamed in reputable coftee hou:-!os, but yo.i will be expected to 
 join in the CNpenir^ive imJuijiencies of the house, and, exch sive of 
 the nuisance of a )>id)hc bar, your (|U!ctude is sure to be disturbed 
 bv liie Jonathan funil}. Beneatii these refeotorie?!, in what we 
 call ttit kitchen, cniertaumiohi upon a reduced j-cale may be had 
 at all times : their mince |iies, I'.fj. eaci), arc excelkMit. Domi< ile 
 in a hotel, as that of the City. ^JS })ei week. Th'.' best Hnfi;lish 
 dining, chop and <:oiree house, is at 'iO iMaiden I ane. Wat-hing is 
 extravagantly ';harged, b» ing a York si.vpe; ce f^.;" a pocket hand, 
 kerchief or cra\ul. Unliirnishod lodj^in^rf are dearer than furnish- 
 ed ones in London. 
 
 10. From the appearance of many in the steerage of tlio On- 
 tario, and the sample of those in oth< r passage siiips, I am by no 
 means surprised at. Jonathan's guess workof rny countrymen, since 
 his deportment is proverbial fur correctness and morality; but, 
 then, as reasonably miglit ue judge of Switzerland b\ its broom 
 girls, or of ItaU from it> men'^hcants. T'f)on arriving at New York, 
 in which Mr. (Ilean, who first raised the American standard upon 
 its evacuation by the British, Ndv. 26, ITS.'), and is still living here, 
 the emigrant is cautioned against the various characters that croMd 
 its wharfs, constructed of wood filled in with earih. If needing 
 advice, apply to ine British (Consul. Nassau Street, w ho will ob- 
 tain permission for all those destined fur Canada, to land their goods 
 free of duty or mspeotion. 
 
 11. Houses of the fust ordci are of red brick aid tixpensividy 
 fitted up ; generally with bells and without kmx krrs. the outer 
 plates and handles being frequently of silver. If there be no bell 
 or knocker, the word pvll is written beneath the liamlle. The ab- 
 broialioa iVlr. is never seen on a i^loor plate. What we apnropri- 
 ate to domestic purposes, are here often occupied as sleeping, nnd 
 the other 0['en parts converted into staring rooms. The ste[i.edge 
 of their stair carfu;ts is covered svith strips of bras.^, which, on as- 
 ccndingor descending, render fheni of questionablo utility ; whilst 
 their cellar openings injud'cioiisly project info the street. In hou. 
 ,sea of the sceond order, tiring is usually ■cohomised in the parloi 
 by Duffalo stove, having a flat top, with indentures for receiving 
 stew pans or boilers, so that the character of cook may be enacted 
 b\ lh« miRtre^:,. Private houses costing Iff 10,000, lot c ^<jOO per ann. 
 
AND TUB rNITrO STATrS. 
 
 1*2. M'.ncv changeix aboui'i im ^^';lIl StroHt, ihc Louibr.ni one 
 of N«'NV V(»rk, wlurc, in an old liousi' noar Uio lOxrh.infjo, ourj.ro. 
 KOiit kirtfT, when tji'rvii:^; midt r Adfiiiral I)i;.'l)y, had his hrail i|uar. 
 ters. The rat<; of e,\"haj!ge for sovereigns schloni exceed;-- >*!, 80, 
 (f»)Vir doii.irs <.V SO c;-iits) or ^8 sh.i linf^s and o ce:its York. I s.iw a 
 profusion of XI liank of I';iii!a!id nuts: hnying and selling bank 
 notes is dei)oniinulf;d sharing. Set; JK.ics 54 Jind 87. 
 
 13. A dnijar is 100 cents, siilidividcd into halves and qnorlers ; 
 it passts in New Fi.'igiand. Virginia, Kcnlncky, Ohio, 'I'onriexsee, 
 Indianna and Mi^sis.si;)[>i for G:^ ; in New York and North ('arolina 
 for Ss. : New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania and >laryl-uid 7s. 6J. 
 iSoiith ("arohna and (ieorgia 4!3. Hd. ; Canada an<l Nova Seotia 5s.; 
 and in (Jrtat IJriluin la (M. An Anjinican or York .shilling (1*2^ 
 eent.s) has pil!ar;5 on it, being a Spnni.-h coin, but a tetipeiiny, or 
 pis'orinc, passi; g in rno;U Western States for 18 pence, an eagle 
 With the figures 10 beiieaih it, arj has a five emit piece, apt to Ix; 
 put off f>r .si.\j)ence. A five fra'ic i.'ren'''h piece passes for 9.3 ct.s. 
 and an English [)cnny for two, asix|)encn n)r'iO,and a shiilij'g for 
 twenty pence, with crowns and half crowns in prop<^trtion. Hence, 
 our .shillings and sixpeticos difier matiMially from brother Jonatlian'.s 
 but as he adopts tlieir names, John Bull is at first sidlv perple\ed. 
 'J'hcir coiiin:je of 1^80, the higlies; known. con)prised 8,8-37, 1 91 
 pieces in gold, silver and cents, or half jience ; the resumption of 
 half cents would be advantngeoiis to pmall dealers, a\ ho, on pavir>g 
 a York sixpence ({>{ cents) in co|;i';-, n:ust give 7 ceiJts. 'J'heir 
 gold coi.'jago f>f eagles $10 ci'.ch, halt and quarter, .*ir>f struck in 
 1792, is not. owing to too low a. valu;ti mi of gold by the U. S, stan- 
 dard, in mucli eireulalluti, vviiioh is fortunahj cu another account, 
 namely, an English rosocrncian having rreontly formed a metal 
 that would resist the test, an<l j)asfl t!i rough the crucible, a knave, 
 by artifice, got possession ui" his seevet, and sailing tor .Vmerica, 
 soon returned with a considerable fortune. The word coppers de- 
 signates cents : there is much base coin in circulation. The cur- 
 rency of America vs 8100,000,000, of which §17,000,000 only are 
 in specie. The mint is at Philadelphia, or the city of brotherlv 
 love, bfrau<=o mainly tuhabited by Quakers : it was founded by VVm. 
 Penn, for whom the Indians had so rnucli veneraiion, that in all 
 their wars they never, knowingly, killed a Quaker. 
 
 14. The term />ro////?r .Aom/i!7>c,'7. to which ho has himself ad- 
 ded Uncle Sam, is the soubriquet of an American ; that of Yankee 
 is not. a.s somehave imagined, an aborignuil corruption of the word 
 English: but a derivation from Yanhoos, the last native tribe va!j. 
 quished by the New Englanders, which, as customary, being retain, 
 ed by the concuerors, easily glided into YanJcee. His more favor- 
 r»d expressions are, /tr, lives to hum, flivcs at homej ; he's up a stump, 
 (knows not what to do) ; regular as tea-pots, this beverage being 
 
8 
 
 JIOTKS oy CANADA 
 
 usually (Ir.mk at every inciil. CompJelr fioi.ng. ((rood loadsj; tr*^ 
 nJon^, (h;jw do yon surcofMl) ; this liitch, (xW\s Unw) ; fu:^s ayrcjjnj, 
 (bad luun) ; and rotvv///, ((ijack^'aurd)- I'mt: xistman, ('scinililt^ lb. 
 rrialoj. " I <'an whqt any one in niniii'ifr," ia confined to tiie VVos- 
 torn Stato.s. 'I'iu; party plirasci liliicl/oltl nion, employed by demo- 
 crats ajrainst fi'dcralislH, originated in Connecticut, where informa- 
 tion was convoyed to a hellii»orent bv a diicharrro of blue lights : 
 wlnlst Jiurl.slcini^ the nickname t.)r S .uiherns and \\'<ivtorns, and 
 a c'noice mode of o[)|irovai. it's drrmUul ^'ooiL AViifU writing .se- 
 gar, wagon, and lailur, (Taylor, a namej .binfitlian doe.s so pr<;j)er- 
 ly enongb, but converts a ship's birth 'wiohrrih, tlie [dnral of wdiarf 
 and hoof into tt7ta/-i"C.<f ond hoov'i, and of deposit into drjK'sitas ; 
 mis^spclh Savanrnih ; and us(;« to riL'/i/'i, for innnediately ; slick, 
 for qnirU and well d.onc ; s/'/v/, f >r niinble and agib.' ; driites, for 
 directly ; sun. down, (ov sn!;.s<!i ; luinhcr, for sitnber; .s-judl, for long 
 time; wlici.l//(>/<r'r/, fur ground; ruj, for roof ; and /u// tor whole ; 
 with if<7fA.'';v/ijj/,s', fur dinner or * i parties; and hers, for those of 
 jo|lifif;at!on : aho, c/i.vr^.v, ti r inisrijiani ens bna/i(>'s ; fhurnio;., for 
 tlour mill ; Jioi ior dirty ; /;/•,'. foi load ; and prclly uiihj. fordnmk- 
 en vagiivies. Addirioaally, iol(\ for carry ; snaopimr, tor looking; 
 yrogrcs.SLUg, lor advancing ; hedgr, f »r good spirits : skmr, iuv con- 
 cealmoiit ; siic/c, i'or loi; of wood ; trvrk\ for vegv'lables ; .^pitds, fur 
 potatoes ; spuddlr, for spade ; and UuL f )r clerk : uliil-;f tarU'i 
 and iar/ifi/'/o/i, are national expletive^; aiid Onoj! wAh possible ! 
 universal interjeclion«?. Many ternimatioe.s in inc. are chanted, as 
 r.n.g'tnr and genu-ajr ; whil.st ialhc mis-adoption u'^ would ior should 
 he is joined bv ll»e Canadians. ^' / reckon,'^ is [aire American; 
 ** I guess and f rcilridatc,"^ n:c explained in note 17. Flie standing 
 proverb is, " Xo man can e\pect to make a foitune until be has 
 first lost one ; " arjd a trite wind uj) upon most occasions. ** It is like 
 the prayer of an Irishman iii the back woods, which ended with — 
 have inerc} on rr.e a sinner, who am i,0\)[) miles from my own Jni- 
 bitalion. a.id l~^ from every otIirT." S.'Diinolr, s(»eonmionin many 
 states, but originr^ting in that of Floridji, signititvsa wild aborigine**, 
 being iipplied by the Indian Creeks, avIio were defeated by General 
 .Taekson in 1813 and 1SI4, and had l,t^OO warriors slain, to all the 
 vatr.ibonds of t!)(!ir race. Tins subiiict is eiil;ii'i:od iu the fairtb 
 edition of my work entitled, " A Manual of Orthoepy, wit,li noies 
 upon the origin and abuse of words." 
 
 15. There arc fourteen markets, valued at $K}^}2,SiyO, all roof, 
 ed in, abundantly supplied, and producmg a revenue of 8I5,2"2U. — 
 The cattle market is two mib-s from thecitv, wluch eonsume;i 800 
 head weekl\, at an a\erago of ;kl. per ll\, nevertheless from it« 
 excessive rents, corporation impjtsts, high price of fire-wood, (here 
 and in Canadian towns firing is twice as dear as in London) with 
 that ol' clothing and other necessaries. New York is the dearest ci. 
 tv in the Union. Their dried danasconos are "carfeiv to be din- 
 
 Vi» 
 
 iia 
 th- 
 coi 
 rh. 
 to 
 
 bal 
 nil 
 
 are 
 
 of>ef 
 
 the 
 
 be;j((| 
 
 sionj 
 terKv 
 sa'lv 
 of ;, 
 
 tllOSv 
 
 and a 
 
AXP THK c^irsD «rA.rE3. 
 
 9 
 
 
 - » 
 
 •111 
 
 )f. 
 
 loo 
 
 lits 
 
 ^rc 
 
 lilh 
 
 |ci- 
 
 \\n- 
 
 tjnguishcd ffnii Fror.ch plumg. Apples pared, cut anJ dri:*'? wi>h 
 other fruit, are exceilotn. Lnrf^est orchard iu the .state is at Cro- 
 toii, comjirisiii^ 40 acres nnd planted b} i's owner, Mr, CoukUn. 
 The original tron of the N»;\vtoii fvijipu), '.rom Ntv^towT), Lon-j I.s- 
 land) IS II) r olonel Moon's orchard, near Now York, whose farnily 
 have possessed it fur two ei^iuiirics, Taore arc six principiil gardens 
 ar.d nursen(>. Properlv speakiu^j th<,Te js not a t'ruii ahuf» in ail 
 the grout ciiiosof Vnurica. iSunerline bro<»d chith i<i mad^ in the 
 vilUp'; of I'lshUil!, and sells at SIJ tlu yard. SnOO.tMtO a \ear 
 arc spcut \i\u.n ov. slurs, the >'ale shopa ot' which exceed 301): other 
 fish arc sohl ahve. Adams county f'roduccs tiie best cotton, and 
 briiijii^ prJTicoly revemus to the phmters. Cotioa cord hnes, supe- 
 rior to i'fMnr.oii, arc nj.id' ;.t Hhodf; IsliMjd, which, trom l*awtuckel 
 to Providetieo, has the finest road ill all America, so named Irota 
 Amerigo Vespucci, ,'i Floret. tine, h'.causc on re:nrninji ther<'rr«iin, 
 itv^loOO, he lirst pjihli^hed a description of the New World, pro- 
 perly Colnmh a. Atnonni exported ui ISSO.was lt^t^.S72.6"Jl Ib^ 
 Tliero are 800 cotton niiih in the kState?, wlrereJTi cliildren of both 
 aexes, from to 10 years of iiji*-. are employed at 6s. •*']. per week, 
 nioviiior a capital of •>")fe,(H)0,OOiJ, and cmplovn)^ 6(),00«.' tiands. F!i 
 '.Vhitney, i'lventoi of the ech-hratod American cotton gin, died at 
 Whitney ville, n**ar Nev, Haven, Jan. 8, 1*2.'>. The tlr.^t cotton im- 
 pi^rtid into Liverpool iVom tin- States, was one hag. by lln- slop Di- 
 rtii.'., in I'/^'i : r.vorti-e crop opoo an a>re is TOO il)?. The chief 
 carpet factory is at Lo\vo!l, !i.j MiilMs from llosto.i. the Anjericaa 
 Manchest(;r, v\ hit:h for wages alone re<juii*e!-: S*30,000 weekly. Pro- 
 vidence, the capitid of Rhode Islmd, was foninled by Koger ^^ il- 
 liams, t.» es'c.mo tlie infoifraiut' (d'tiie Pilgrim lathers, who, th'^ugh 
 th"mselves suttlTJng for liberty of eonsciencr, wore no sooner in a 
 condition to do so, tiian they arbitrarily denied it to others; hence, 
 the vi(ti!U3 of religions perseenlion, too often need only the power 
 to become its mini t.-^rs. 
 
 10. IJuIiors' bre'ui iJ Ii2:lit arid unsatHf-ing : he double:? his 
 bakings, throe ci tits ])e!" dish on hu!\. lays : a\ snkee rale i-i to get 
 all he can for Ids eommo'lity ; v.hieh is often carried so far, that 
 himself is sometimes surprised to see his castonjer a s<;cond tnnc. 
 . This class of tradesmen have a steady ey«^ n ,oi your pocket, and 
 are not over nice as to the mean;? tliny take lor Mducmg you to 
 open it : lience tiie ciitting system predonunates. 17. I at first gave 
 the Americar.s gn.'at or(idii for training up their <luughters in tho 
 bfautil'ul art of domestic economy ; for in most streets, and occa- 
 sionally at every door, 1 saw damsels busily unployed in the tnys- 
 teries of mop and broom : Vvhcn lo! they wer j dompstics ; univer. 
 sails without caps, the hair mucli (»vnam'"rie I, and their dress that 
 of a mistress, not thi^ maid. IS. The domestic- arc freqi;ei'tly 
 thosu of color, or as .Jonathan calls them ni^£;vrf. who arc docile 
 and attentive. The term mas^ter is merged in that of Bms, its gig- 
 
JO 
 
 >OTEK OX <.A.\Ar>A 
 
 nificaiionm Dutch: tho i;id«;i)';r)'Joncij ot' whit* servin's, here call- 
 ed V//>*, is not aUviiys cndur.iblo even to Jonatlmn ; liencu nigj^ur** 
 are preferred. 1 never saw ji Yankee menu;!, hervitiide beinw nii- 
 popular iiinori^rst tliem. Iri.-^liinon, who number 40,0(jO mi and 
 around ISfw York, will do twice the work of u ni^<,'ur, and are con- 
 sequently in great recjuest. A labrtrinfi; negro in tl»e city, from the 
 aaviiigs of a self-denyin^j indnl,j;(.'nce, furnished his poorer brethren, 
 in the winter of last year, v\ilh fuin;^ t^jratuitously. In all public 
 emplo^nients, the Scotch, from their sobriety are preferred. iSwiss 
 and (fonnans, as plant«r.7% or liuidfii pro[»rietois. Neither the En- 
 glish n<»r Irish can withstand cheap liquor so well ns ernigr'incs from 
 other countries. Ti)e fir^; Gcrnians that came Vhitlier, landed at 
 I^iew York, June 10, 1710. 
 
 19. Hoots and sl/oes lixilc \\'t;]\, but (he leather, as in Canada, 
 is mere hide, so fl ■'t one pair of Eiplish will beat two of either: 
 New York Stato ha. 1^8') tanneries, 10 of which partially supply 
 Canada. Annual amoniit of this branch of trade m the State is 
 85,000,000. Lynn, near Boston, is noted tor Ladies slioes, the fe. 
 rn.iie operatives whereoi" receive $70, 000 a year for binduiii them. 
 The neighbouring^ peninsula of Nahant isa iriuch frequented sunj. 
 mer retreat. When calling fo;" orders or deliveiir/g goods, it isdoiie 
 by a rat-tut ; which descends ev» .^ to the siioe-boy : hence tlie rea. 
 son, I apprehend, that so many houses are w ithout kuocivers. The 
 city has 0,000 clerks, ehietiy natives, exclusive of shop-tntn, who 
 arc he' o and in Canada also, universallv called clerks. 'I'he reve- 
 nucs of the city arc •'$1,0.']0.vK;0. and its e\penditure about as much. 
 20. The t'ollowitig extract from the New York Courier and En- 
 quirer, which, with the Philadelphia Courier, are the largest sheets 
 1 ever saw in the tolio f(jrm, and three parts iilhul with advertise, 
 ments — being a circular of Doc. 29, 18132, exhibits a but too com. 
 mou pest in their large cities : " Gentlemen, this w ill ap[)rise you I 
 liave sold out my stock, and am settling .ip my concerns. If you 
 relieve me from what I owe you, 1 will pay you in notes at the rate 
 of thirty cents per dollar. Consign yotn demands to C. [', Pollard, 
 and by the first of March I will make the payment. The amount 
 of my x\ew Y'ork debts is 8^0,000. — J. K. Walton." I must, in 
 fairness add, that where delimjuinces occur, remote from the con- 
 tamination of large towns, they are generally perpetrated by men 
 of color, or originato with natives of other countries. I was amu- 
 sed by the English of Hot ColFee, at the corner of the fish or Ful- 
 ton Market, accompanied by a butiered cake much i lished by their 
 custoniers. A colfee shop, however, as introduce ' at London in 
 1812, now containing .3,000, is not to be tound in Nt York. I often 
 heard a street cry of " Corn, piping hot," meaning Indian corn boil- 
 ed. Ic3 is also retailed during summer ; at which time iced soda 
 wafer is in such demand, that largo fortunes have been made by its 
 sale. Although the state legislature haa aboliehed r/ofir Excellency 
 
I 
 
 A.M» THK IMTED ST.^Tr.S. 
 
 II 
 
 • 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 to a ^nvcrrlnr, and thr honorahh' to a senalor. tlio practico is still m 
 jioud use. Disfiiicfioas exist to rather a ludicrons extent '\\\ all llie 
 principiil towns, which ha\e their first, secoml aiul third class, with 
 the oUl faiiiilipsi. 
 
 •Ji. Sir H- (Jilh-rt, in 1.178, nuulothe t'lrt attempt to coloi-.ize 
 Arnrrica : tjiilinir, Po was s^iiceeeded, in l.'i'i-l, by his half brother, 
 SirWah'T IlMlti^'h. at the month of the Koanckc^ naniiti;; theeouii- 
 try Vir;:i;'ia, in eompiiment to the Uiipom. iMai.teo. an Indian, was 
 the fir^t Clirisiian in this state, hciii^^ hapiis.'.l Aiii}^'i.-il l-^ l-'"^?. In 
 less than 'JO vears tiie^o settlers Ii ul ciilK-r perished or returned 
 home. \t lenjrth, on Dec. :2-2, IG-JO, lOi Piiri:ans, iii th.: May. 
 jiower, of ISOtons. bemii partof a >' •. Kohinson's llt)ck, laiMiod 
 ne.ira phiee ulii^:lk llipy ealh-d 1M\ tnouih, after llieir rative sea- 
 port, uheneelhev starred, 'M\ mil<v-! fro.n Huston, and tormcd the 
 first actual .-etth.'uient : iialf of them, from ih'^ severity of" the aea- 
 son, and livinj; chiolly on clams, fa shell tish^ (Ued in thiee moiitha : 
 they elected John Carver, one of their holy, elder for the yonr, who 
 const qiie:!tly \^as the first (i(jvi'rnor of New Fau'chind. l'<»ur mi! 
 lioiis of the populaiion have <iescinJed fro'm these pilj[!;r:m:\ 'liio 
 first convicts transported to America, were KK) idle and dls^oluto 
 persons, in custody of the Kniojit Marshal, sent out to Virginia, 
 about H>21, l)y order of the <iovernmt'nt. T!io rock tm which the 
 lauding pilgrims dis-cnibarked, Ava-; convoyed, i'l 1771, iVoin the 
 shore to i'lymouih, and made (lie centre j.-iece to a square ; whilst 
 • 10 anniversary of llieir arrival is celehraied with groat rejoicinjTs. 
 James'own, oi a peninsula in Virjrii ia, is the oldest Enfrlish settle- 
 ment, being ibunded in KiOS. Inscripliors made more tluin two 
 centuries since, arc; j.liil leyihle nine, the broken ^^al^•! of the old 
 cliurch, and on >oine <d tln.i mouldering! tonibstor.es. It is now do- 
 solate and uninhabited, but hv one solitary individual. Pkrnoulh 
 is the first town built in New E!)^la!':d, and Salem, capital ( f Es- 
 sex county, the second. Among ihe petial enactments of this col- 
 ony, was op.c framed in the lolhjwiig phraseo!':.<:v ; *■' .No oneslmll 
 keep Christmas, ur any s;:int-day, read common prater, make mince 
 pies, dance, pluy cards, or play on any instrument of music except 
 the drum, tmmpet, or Jews' iiarp." It is a litllo remarkable, that 
 in fi an)in<j: their commonwealth after tlie, I^(>brew theocracy, they 
 fhould have deviated so far, us to r-^ject festivals for fasts : tho 
 Jews kept :^0 festivals even year, j-nd but or.e last. Their first war 
 was with the Pequ(>ts, enliiiarily written and pronouav^ed Peqtiods, 
 whom they vanquished. 
 
 22. i\ewi(>aper annourcement of a death, is accompanied by 
 nn invitation {W.lhe friends of the deceased, to afleiul the luneral on 
 the followinn !uy : a hoed or hatband is the sole sable worn, and 
 this oidy for tiie occasion ; with which exclusion, considering tho 
 mortality, state policy h«s probably intermingled. The hearse ia 
 generally followed by a train of hackney coaches, containing a 
 
 
 
12 
 
 FTOTES ON CANADA 
 
 motley group. If a man die inteatate, the authorities diude his 
 property equally between his family. CoOin-makers exhibit speci- 
 m«?n8. especially for children, in every variety of art and taste. — 
 Charleston, Carolina, from its inefficietit drair-s, suam|>s, and stag- 
 nant pools aronnd it, with the practice (;f exposing dead horses, 
 in a field on the outskirts of the citv, to ho devotjnjd by vullure*^, 
 resembling turkey a, hence called tuikcy. buzzards, i." often visited 
 by pestdence and death. When the y How fever prevailed here 
 last, some thorough bred Yankees immrdiatcly sent off shipments 
 of coflins on speculation. The Chariestoniaiis, howrvcr, neither 
 encouraged, nor ever forgave this new apocies of tralhc. 
 
 23. An American c:\plain upon entering port, is obliged to 
 hand in an inventory of his passengers, and their intended location : 
 and on going to Europe, exclusive of tho pas-sengers private stores, 
 he must have GO gallons of water, one of vinegar, of j-alted provi. 
 sions and ship bread 100 lbs each, for eve. y passen;,cr on board. 
 If any be placed on short allowance, the master must pay them se- 
 parately, $3 a day during their privation. On looking over the list 
 I counted 149 ships that had arrived the two precodinji days. Com. 
 merce is fast raising this city, as of old it did that of Alexar.Jria, 
 one of whose merchants levied and maintnined a whole army, out 
 of the profits from his trade. 24. Tradesmen exhibit on the roofs 
 of their houses, to be seen miles oiT, and over their doors, such sort 
 of placards as ' Smith's hollow.ware, spiders nnd fire dogs,' (iV\ ing 
 pans on long legs) ; ' Grocery, flour and feed store.' 'Johnson's 
 Bakery.' ' Rip Van Winkle's Home.' ' Sixth Ward Motel ;' and 
 in many windows, ♦ Shakers' seed sold here,' meaning tlit; society 
 of Shakers, formit.ga religious con)munity near Troy, whose gar- 
 den seeds are much approved. New store-kei pera, or merchants 
 as they call themselves, are no more wanted here, or in any part of 
 America, setting aside the hopelessness of competing with a Yan- 
 kee, than in the Moon or the Red Sea. The word store for shop 
 is universal : * storage,' is also comprohensive, but, like the former, 
 constantly abused ; much after the same fashion as merchant ia 
 London : the cool indifference of their proprietors, l^o objectiona- 
 ble to strangers, they unaccountably mistake for independence. — 
 Whenever I found Brother Jonathan in this humor, I always re- 
 turned him quid pro quo, or tit for lal, which never failed in bring- 
 ing him to reason. 
 
 25. In an enclosed area at the Haftery end of Broadway, the 
 principal street, an equestrian statue of George !II. formerly stood, 
 but, being of lead, it was taken down in the revolution^xry war and 
 cast into bullets. The Battery is so called because, when in the 
 possession of the British, it was fortified : it is now a public pro- 
 menade, surrounded by iron palisad:!S, and adorned with stately 
 trees. Higher up, in a part once a cotrmon, now called the Park, 
 is the townhall, a handscrae structure, erected at a cost of 8500,- 
 
AND THE UMTED STATtS. 
 
 13 
 
 OOO ; llv" bell m its clock tower, weighing two tons, was cast in tho 
 cilN , and is the lurgcst pro.lucod ui the states. Its Htaircas." -p the 
 easiest., U!h1 at the same time diftiosl, I ever useeiided. The win. 
 dow sills in the waiting passiiges, hoing of wood, are cut down to 
 the brick work bv thi; leisure knur.<i ol' brother Jonathan. On rach 
 side aro the Cholera and liiideweli hospitals, iiiul in th<:ir rear tho^ 
 United Slates Comts, which rctiiin in their plcitdings tlio names of 
 John Diid and Richard Roc. Thtiir oaths are attested by holding 
 U[> the hand, not, us w ith us, by kissing the F.vangrlists. The com- 
 nioneement of their legal iiibtnnneiit-,, is, " Tin; people of the State 
 ol' New V.rk. by thr grace oi' God, free and independent." Their 
 criniii;al pri>on is at Sing Siiiii, containing a fliousand separate celb, 
 *iO miles up fh«' Hudson. 'J'here arc many public buildings and be- 
 nevolent mstiuUions, with 20 fire and 8 insurance oHices, 120 pla. 
 ■cos for diviiir worship, besides catholic churches and a cutjtedral, 
 the bisliop of svliieh lately received 810,000 from ihf; Pro[«aganda 
 at Rome, for establishing a college in his diocese, there being 30,. 
 000 Cathf.lics iu and around New York. The reformed Dutch 
 church, Nassau street, to which ^V ashington belonged, i^^ the largest 
 in the city, which is governed by o. mayor and aldermen, similar to 
 London, whoM) Lord Mayor is not so culled in virtue of his ollice, 
 but from the manor of I'liisliury, of which, during his mayoralty, 
 he is lord. At its police ollice, om; of ilie throe magistrates is in 
 constant attendance : chief constable Haves is the Towrusend of the 
 olficc : its annual expense is 812.5)2S. There is but. one coroner, 
 his tees and expenses, last year, w.rc ^I^l'ril. Principal law school 
 is at Litchfield, Connecticut ; with >^. professional ones in the city, 
 one public law library, and another in Albany. The expense of 
 the legal courts tor those States forming New England, is sSiloO, 
 000 per anil. Chief Justice m tin- Supreme Court of the Ceneral 
 Government $-"),000 ; his six associates, •'§'1,500 each ; and the At- 
 torncy General )$r5,500 a year, who alone Avcar a costume of plain 
 silk gowns. There are ')00 lawyers in the city, with 2,000 in its 
 slate, which has five times as many judges as in all England. Eve- 
 ry city, town, and village being crammed with lawyers, added to its 
 illusory cheapness, accounts for Jonathan's proneness to litigation. 
 Judges in this State, which has 1^,057 justices of the peace, must 
 retire from the bench on attaining the a<i:e of GO: in Connecticut 
 at 70; but without any pension. The conunon law of England is 
 the text book of an American lawyer. This state sends itie great- 
 est number of re[»resentativcs (34) to Congress, and contnbutes ^ of 
 the entire revenue of the Union. Is foreign trade requires 1,8^4,. 
 000 ton ii of sliipping. Nett receipts of its custom house last year 
 were 813,000,000, though much smuggling exists along the whole 
 line of its northern frontier. Still the city is a million dollars in 
 debt. A new species of commerce has sprung up here, namely, 
 shipping ice to Calciitta, covered with tan, which is anon-conduc- 
 
14 
 
 NOTi:S (J?i CANADA 
 
 tor of lu.'ut. TIk; palid hue of t!u; natives is very striking to btran- 
 j;ors: the ciiy is uih; .uthy, r.si.li;nts;i(hnittin<^fn mu, thalil itut-n- 
 not for tho iiilltrc (>r (;!ui:;rM;ioii (in,01'.) i:i l.i-;! lhr»ef.' years) it would 
 soon becoHK- a (l's-;rt. I'^ajiLrr.iliou .-hI is 01:0 thousand pci wf-elc to 
 the L'uiof), and Naiur.' jis nri;iy per diiy : Ne-.v York is its hirgcst 
 port of erjtry: lOMf^hiiu' ' ., Ir land 'Jl, iiud tsc.illriiid 1') \)nvln. 
 
 20. The Vni-.-ncii: .<• Socivly, Xass;ni-stre :t, hnn printed 
 
 l,OSl.l>sO C(.pies since its t'orniuliuM in l'_iJ(i (nnr Kin/^'s |)rir,ter and 
 the two nniversities illO.ODt) annna'.lv) the presi'jo.s are worked by 
 sleain, and attended hy young women. The 'i'ract Society distn- 
 bufCH 1,{)00,()00 pa<re.s weekly. Elliott's Indian Bible, set np in 
 l(y,i'i, was the tirst. liib'.e prir:ted in Aiuer':r:i. Dr. Webster, of 
 New Haven, has pnlihshod a new editioii <d' the sacred volume, in 
 which he has careiully revised (he grammatical errors, obsolete 
 words, an<l indelicate passajxcs of the old : it is ;:reatly patronised. 
 A type called baeksiupt' is (nuch 1. ;ed in the city, which has six 
 principal type and stereotype ft)nn(!ries, tliat em])lov !">0I) men, ai d 
 4000 printers in the connnonwoalih. (''>py ri;,dits exif^nd to 'Zb years, 
 with 14 addiiionally to the aullior or hiy heirs. Thiis is inexpen- 
 .»?ive, but taking out a patent cosis N30, tluKi{:h in En<;land !i>500. 
 Number issued at Washin'rton, last vear. v,;is 510. AjJirrefiaie in 
 their patent oHice since its formation in 1700, ilown to 1^31, is 0011 ; 
 of which 5051 remain unrecorded; that is, on in\esti<fation, prove 
 to bo destitute of ori^in;dity. Upwards of 15'2 patents expired in 
 1834. The public buildi:ifjs of the cnjjital, residences a::d equi. 
 pages of its citizens, are of the ino.si cot^tly order, and living, as a 
 consequence, (exceedingly expensive. O.i exaniinieg the revolu- 
 tionary pension roll at Washington, containing 23,4 oS names, I 
 counted 457 pen&ioiiers that died off last year: New Yoik state has 
 the most (4'ilO) and Florida the least (8). Several persons have 
 been lately convicted at Clark.sbnrgh, Virginia, of perjury and for- 
 gery, committed for the purpose of obtaining pensions under tho 
 general government. The President's residence at Washington, 
 being of that color, is familiarly called t'le n'hite house: Mr. Gale, 
 an Englishman, has recently filled tho odice of mayor : its small 
 river, about the width of the Paduington canal, dignified by the 
 name of Tiber, is properly Goosi'-crcek : whilst the straggling and 
 unbuilt character of the city, has the aspect of a towij on a visit in 
 the country. 
 
 27, America publishes 1205 newspapers, 720 of which issue 
 from the Atlantic slates. In 1775 there were but 537 ; in 1801 — 203 ; 
 jin 1810 — 358. Their first appearance at Boston was in 1704, and 
 at New York in 1773. Amount of their sale is $3,000,000 annu- 
 ally. New I'ork alone publishes 65. of which 13 are daily, issuing 
 21,827 sheets per diem, averaging 1670 each. Cowper's patent 
 press has been imported from London, and is used in the principal 
 oftices. Mushroom papers, by the dozen, start weekly at Nov 
 
AND Tnn LMvr.u states. 
 
 15 
 
 York, and am liawkcd at tho low priro of a cent each ; wWich pla- 
 c'iii|r them in iluj li.UKi i ot" tlu.> ral-lilo, \\\o tn;in\ of thciti dtal iti 
 till.' mIi'sI scurnluy ; siiu'o lie ulio slaiit'iTs tii'ifi lir.s fli< ^jroatcst 
 sulc. 'i'lms, fur liirsv! b.iso piir[>)«e5i, the I*roiiUM»t ol" (.'MDm-csa 
 has beti;i dwrotjuccd as a A-lon. aii«l rnaiiv of its iiUMiilitM-.s fluoatfucd 
 y.\\{\i lilt! {xibix.t. The ('hrisliaii AdvtKMtJ! u:id Journal throws olf 
 ;i'),0(.K) copit!.-? «»t' each iniiir.:s:.io 1. the Iar;.rst of unv luiown ; and 
 Tho Su!). tlailv paper, 1:-. '.iio choapi'.-,!, hc'vii; lnjt iij^^i per uniairn. 
 Tiujrn ar • no .Siin>lav newspapers, hni re'.ijiions ones may be said 
 to he peciihar to this iV)nntrv. 'I'Ik' dKI. si puhhshinjr |)aper is tho 
 Ne\Vj),irl Mrrctu'v, si.'t np .'nii<^ 1"J. 1*")*^, by the hinthi'r <>|" Duct. 
 Fr.Uiklii. '\'\u; l"ither of ihe En;;h>:i press i^ iho preseul editor of 
 the York Chror.'ie!;', whieh ho lias eiKduetcd ever siiico 1777. 
 Day eoniposifors receive !•?!), niifiit ones 8lvi weekly. Of the po- 
 litioul pap. rs 70 are in favor of the adiniiM.sfratuKi. ural ^0 n^xainst 
 them, 'i'hcy jiave tlir* p'ivilerre of exchanL,in.7 i'rt^c of jiosta^e. 
 [•'oreigii and liiiive arf itiiiiled ii» all jiaMs of America at 1 ;[. cent 
 each, (.'omplaiiits a^ai*:*! the turdy paymcnt.s ot" snl)scriher.s, are 
 a fre(iu?iit suhjoct of their leading arlic'es : one I hat 1 took ii|) casu- 
 ally fi!Mslied t.'nis '• \Vt; ea!;t live so iiiul wont ; arc willing tu lake 
 any thi;i<jrr from pino knots t*) potato^ parinj:»s." 
 
 •J^. 'ri)e post oifice and e\ehan<2;e are ni Wall-slrnr f, ahonnd- 
 ing in hanks and insnranco otlices, one whereof, the Anirrican, last 
 paid 1(5 per cent dixidend — llie windows trout in;; the ila'.l of tho 
 l)ase:ne;.t. have 1072 hoNcsinnml.ered ar.d rented tom'jrranlde hoii- 
 scs, at !^?4 eaeh per anm . It di-tribnlr?; and n;ail-i l.'',000 letters 
 daily, ami eonnno tlv re( i:ives 'lll,0(>0 shii) ones moiithiv ; w hieli 
 are delivered, per hand, at the ra.e of 'JoOO per hour. Letter. car- 
 rier:^ reciive oiu; cent per letter, 'i'he fust, Post-Otfieo at Now 
 York was crectnd in IGO-J. I'ostmnsler (Irncral has -SCkOOO, a mcs- 
 senLjer 'TjTOO, and lowest clerk '^Si)0, per ann. : no official clerk is 
 paid lec<?;, wi ich places those in tlie revenue above the temptation 
 of a bribe: in tlie dijiribuiion of salaries, no allowance is ever made 
 f >r the sunpoit of mere diirnilv. Posfttj^o is G cents for JiO rniles, 
 18 for lot), and 'J.'i Ibr any mind)er whatever. There are 9,'i05 dis- 
 trict pcsi -offices: most otihom are paid by a commission of DO per 
 cent on 'he tirst StSlOO, and 2."i on the next 8;j00, etc. but the greater 
 part receive $300 a year, though n(,r passinji half so many letters 
 in that time : sweeping; chanircs are often made in thi.s department ; 
 thur^, in 1880, upwardsof 101 were disaiif^sed. A Mis.sis-^ip|)' post- 
 master was lately fined Jii.!oOO, for omitting, by his clerk, to dtdivera 
 letter. For some years past, the expendiuirc of the mails has ex- 
 ceeded their returns by some 86^0,000. Thfro are 1*20.000 milea 
 of post roads. The postmaster of Paris in Maine, is daily rcceiv. 
 ing letters intended for Paris, in Franco : as pretension of name 
 costs nothing, this state it«i over-run with Rome, IMoscow, A'lenna, 
 and a hundred others. The word prestni is ustially attached to the 
 
16 
 
 XOTEa 0.\ CANADA 
 
 address upon Arn-Tican notP'?. The Prcsuiont and all licuds of do- 
 partmcntH have tlio pri\il('^e of fninkiiig : fcielmtol•:^ also .send and 
 receive iVoe, but if f.li«\v Trunk one not nriitun hy flioniselvis, their 
 order, or on piihiii husiiie^;), the fine is '$10. liist.s of unchiinad 
 letters arn rpjjidarly puhlishod in AiuoiK-an an<l (^'uiiaiJian rK;\vsp,j. 
 pera : poslogo on loiters to the iVontier ol' t'ith(!r, must bo paid 
 each way. 
 
 29. Thn Parado, whoro Mr. Buclianari. our consid rosidos, and 
 which formed Washington's head tprirfers, is n»;arly onrloscd with 
 good houses, chiefly owiiud by an lwi<;Iish ca|)italist. Hero 1 wit- 
 nessed t!io r<Mnoval of a house, whole and entiro, t'ull oOO yards. 
 I also saw a brick omo, 210 IJowcry, raised so as to build nnother 
 story beneath it, without malsiiior even a cr.'u'k in tho wall : iience, 
 pcradventure, houses will soon bo sold, and like other sort of goods, 
 be delivered, per order, tt> any part of the eily. The fore;joing 
 was executed by Mr. IJakewell, ' *7 I*]lr/d)et]i street, Mhose address 
 I introduce lest some one might cry fndi^r, a word originating, in 
 1700, with Capt. Fudge of London, who, whatever cargo he brought 
 from foreign pari s, alwoys reiurnod well freighted wi(h lies. There 
 arc 20,90Ji building lo!s occupied, and 6,:?o- vacant. I met our 
 celebrated cx-sherili'Parkii;s in the P^ntadway : his litigio.is propen. 
 fiities had involved him in 100 iawsuif". lie and Slef)henso:) the 
 Lombard street hanker, from cros3 suits of law with each other, 
 are now inmates of the same prison. IK), Touching the articles of 
 morality and sobriety, read tho following extract from the New 
 York Enquirer of December '20, 1^32; " Some idea may be form, 
 cd of tho number of larcenies in this city, from tho fact, that since 
 the first of N'ovember, IG.'i entries have been made in the book kept 
 nt tho Police oliice, for the purpose of recording losses by Ihett, 
 More than double tlie number of cases were decided, which arose 
 exclusively from the inordinate use of strong waters." From the 
 same authority, it appears that swindling, and obtaining goods frau. 
 dulently, arc rapidly increasing. Burglers concoiil their operations 
 by imitating the cry of a cat. The light-fingered gentry, have also 
 this season, visited the President's levees, and intruded in thecham. 
 bers of the senate. Dr. Cathcart of York, Pennsylvania, keeping 
 regular entries, ascertained thr.t, in 18,31, from i;. temperance, 109 
 murders had been committed in the States: to uhieh cause, accor- 
 ding to Major Noah, of the New York Star, may be attributed the 
 frequency of suicide and insanity. The expenses of a lunatic en- 
 quiry here, seldom exceed ten pounds, but with us they commonly 
 amount to thousands. Many tavern keepers have bowling alley 
 ten pins, because nine pins are illegal. A Faro-table keeper pro- 
 fitting by this hint, called it forty eight : the authorities however 
 were not to be evaded, tor they broke up his table, and sent him to 
 the penitentiary. Draughts and Backgammon are the chief sources 
 of amusement in private parlies, A wealthy Irishman, of this city, 
 
ant> the united states. 
 
 17 
 
 (led hi^ country, twelve ycnra Iv.irU, wiih a forced loan of £600 : 
 iDecling uith biirccss, in leu ynars, ln> rcliiriud it wwU interest, and 
 the rtft'cr ol* a good estate to the cidnvanl loauer^s cUlittit i<OM. 
 
 ft). The phrasf dear out, for gel vojj gone, or ftuay, is Cann- 
 dian as well as American. It ha*». ocrasiunaljy, forty rod anf a 
 yard appended ; wlucli arose from nn Anii^ri'Mn, dtiring n former 
 war, conung, w'uh a flag of Iruco, to the Hrilish lines : wjieii bein<T 
 observed to lo; k .iboul sotriewhat anspicionsjy, h»' was oriltred to 
 clear out, instontcr, forty rod and a yard. IJ'J. One ilay at a sto. 
 rage, in the iJowery, I observed a man com*' in wiih a sack, for a 
 ioddot' wool, fOSIh.s.J when tt.rnptod hy n Dutch chicse, lie watch, 
 ed an opporiunily, before the \\ool was uciglicd, to iodfie it in the 
 suck. Tiio wool was ',1a. per lb. but th(! chee<io Od. oidv. 
 
 33. Sauntering through a bye street, 1 espied this placard in 
 the fr.»nt window of a small house, *' Washing, ironing, and going 
 out to day work, done in the. hack room.^' 
 
 34. The united capital of the Petmsylvaninn banks, excluding 
 the l^iited .Suitcji biiik in Ptiil idelphia, uith one of 8-}'?, 000,000, 
 is {?« 16.000,000, of which 80,000,000 are held by Europeans; vide 
 note 70 ; and is a m.iin argument used by Ceueral Jackson in his 
 re<H!nt crusade again«t the banks, namely, that no toreigncr shotdd 
 b(! allnved any share in an American one. Phiiadelphia has 100 
 churches, as many steam enginrs, MO humane institutions, and above 
 150 bjnclil sociefi'vs. The principal streets are 
 
 S issutrns, Ced.ir, C;iiesnul, and Vino, 
 
 With ;\liilherry, Spruce, Hiijjh, W.ihiut, nml Pine. 
 
 Water Street, from its acetunuialion of filth, is a nuisance, and re. 
 mora to the health of the city. 7'ho water works llirow up 
 11 ,000,000 gallony per hour, for .supplying tiie town, and cost 
 $000,000. P. Du Ponceau, Esq. lias fornied a silk establishment 
 in the viei:uty, the first in America : the introduction of a silk es. 
 tablishment into which is an important commercial event, as her 
 annual importation of silk is 80,000,000. Mr. Clymer, inventor 
 of the Columbia printing press, diccl i- this city, Aug. 27, 1834. 
 Wistar parties, or literary meetings, from Dr. Wistar, their origi- 
 nator, are peculiar to Philadelphia. This city, in William Penn's 
 time, was famous for its simph; manners and hospitality to .stran. 
 gers, but now — pretty considerably (hdicient in both. The Engli.sh 
 apothegm '•' It would puzzle a Philadelphia lawyer," is a compli- 
 inent, 1 believe, that has never been questioned ; notwithstanding 
 the judge of its Common Pleas was lately asked, by a member of 
 the bar, if the court would set tomorrow ? * Sit,^ the judge replied^ 
 *not set, hens set ! ' On commencing a suit wherein the aforesaid 
 counsel was retained, the judge observed, * An action will not lay 
 in that case :' the counsellor quickly retorted, * Lie, your honor, 
 oot layAiens lay.' 
 
18 
 
 NOTKa on CANADA 
 
 35. Yalo Cc'IlofTO, "?ame in Arurrica us Oxford to Engl uid, la 
 at Ncuhuven, 7(i miles from New Y<»rl<, and is named alter i!.-* 
 fbnii'.ler, the lion. E. Yale. (Governor of the Eiisl India Con)[)an}. 
 Ft has a prosid(;ijt, 9 [)rorc.ssois, and as niany tutors, [t consists of 
 lour spacious brick editioes, four stones iiigh, containing ii2 rooms 
 lor stud(Mits, avoragiiig 500 ; a cliaj)ol, jdiilosophical ciiandjor, ly. 
 ceuni, lihrary (lately receiving a legacy of SlOjtKlO). recitation ai;d 
 hiboraturv, containuig the most puweiHd inag;ict kiiO". n, wciiiliii'g 
 f^'2 lbs. and capable of sustaining a ton. i. has a medical in>titu- 
 tion, and cabiiioi of minerals Morth i)4.0((0, })rcscnted by a Mr. 
 Gii)I)3 ; and bit' Iv received a donatio;! of -^100.000 tVom its friends 
 and alnnuii. Harvard Liniversity, in Massncliuselts. is the oldest, 
 being fouiided lu ld3S. Measures are now taking, in New haven, 
 to f(iund aocliego for colored people. The salaries to tiieir various 
 professors, fr mi which strangers are excluded, \ary tVoni 8l.<'00 
 to 81,100 each. Washington College, Virginia, is so named atler 
 General W'ashmgto;), who e:ulow(;d it with his Congressional pre- 
 seiif of 100 shares iu James River Canal, 'I'licrc are ihree olliera 
 of this nanie ; in 8tatcn Island, state of Tennessee, and that of 
 rennsylvaiiia. 'J'heyare all endo^\■ed more or lesswuh lands, and 
 many liberally so with fmids. The b;?st built cf>l!ege. unnuestiona- 
 b'y ihe nicst tastcbssof all their public cdirlres. is that of Virginia, 
 Charlottesville. Loid i»artnioutli, in 1701), founded the one l>< r- 
 ing his iiiHU'; in New Hampshire. At Ithaca, liead of Cayuga lake, 
 is a large rollego for the education of both sexes ! In those of 
 Oluo, females lege.Iarly take tln'ir degrees! A Boston paper, allu- 
 di;)g t(j the facility of granting the degree of ]). ])., (o candidates 
 of a (;orf:iiii age, by a iu'ig!i!)')ring university, calls them adminis- 
 tnng rxtrr.ine unci ion. The rage, in America, for college. founding, 
 h tv'ng made a sudden boutui from 40 to 75. has gi\en rise to a new 
 species of swi idling : the Ro\-. D. Nelson, .Messrs. D. Clark, and 
 W. Muldrew, in Marion county, under a pretext of collecting f>r 
 Marion College, a vill;ig<i school of some half dozet) breachless ur- 
 chins, have gathered the goodly smu of 800,000, am! nu'rehed off 
 the field, A tViend dined with tlie president uf William and Mary 
 College, WilJiamsbui'gli : ot" llic students who were at table, some 
 had neither shoes nor stockings, and others were without coats. — 
 Two dishes of salted pork, an.d one of oyster soup formed the en- 
 tire dinner. Pas^jing down Chapel street, New York, a gentleman 
 ucooslea me, and pointing to a building c)p[)osite, asked what it was? 
 That, I replied, is Colund)in, formerly King's College, (lounded in 
 1754) the pupils of whose grammar school are now dismissing. In- 
 deed, he rejoined, froin the conduct of those coming nut of it, I 
 took it to be a hosj)itid for incurables. The principle of an univcr- 
 sity chartered in Novv York in 1832, is, that no religious sect shall 
 have a majority in ii. One great objection to their colleges, 
 IS their bixity of discipline, which has already destroyed several. 
 
AND THE DMTED STATES. 
 
 19 
 
 whilst others must necessarily follow. This also applies to schools 
 and acaden.ies, the masters of which being without authority, learn- 
 intr, as a consequence, is unhunored in the States. Vide 208. In 
 Ol'.io, they have a law that, if a father strike his son, he shall be 
 fined 810. Whilst I wa^ in Nov/ York a damsel, under twenty, 
 complained to the sitting magistrate, tiiat her father had boxed her 
 ears : the ok! gentleman, on this cliarge, was forthwith conveyed to 
 prison, to abide his trial for the otlcnce ! 
 
 'SG. Tliere is a military college in Norwich, on Connecticut 
 river, but the principal is at Weal Point, or Tarry town, 50 mdcs 
 from New York, though some call it more, and others less, but 
 distance, in America, as there are no milestones, is a subject of 
 much conjecture. There are CO,00O miles of general roads, 500 
 district ones, atiJ 6C.(.0'J miles of watar ways, exclusive of canals. 
 The standinji arr.iv is OlS*^, distributed in 4 J ooints of defence, in- 
 eluding otlicers, I'^l principal and 202 i.iferior musicians. Whole 
 comparnes of provincial IroopL', headed by their bands, are in the 
 liabit of visiting ercli other, though hundreds of miles apart. 
 Chief barracks are on the Ohio, Sackelt's Harbour, Lake Ontario, 
 and Grsenbush on ihe Hudson : and military hospital en Goat Island, 
 R. I. S. Command.ir in Chief has 8C,5S5 per annum, including 
 rations, each put at 20 cents per day ; a private, exclusive of a 
 daily gill of spirits, 800 p^xy ; retiring at the end of five years, with 
 a present of AM) acres of land. Hernavy (average charge -$10, - 
 000 daily) comprises 17 ships in commission, and 24 in ordinary : 
 to man her whole marine v/ould require 20,000 men : she has 864 
 naval oflicers : tiiev have a bank for savings, and several societies 
 with large funds. An American sailor^ in a foreign land, on ap. 
 plying to his consul, is sent home free : all American vessels con- 
 veying a certain number, called consul-men, at a state allov/ance 
 of $10 each. Their best seamen, enlisted only for two years, 
 come from Connecticut. Able seamen recoive 812, ordinary $10, 
 landsmen and boys $3 monthly. Their navy is in the most admir- 
 able order, because mobocracy is banished all its departments. 
 Their largest si»ip of war is the Philadelphia, which carries 200 
 guns. Their Potomac frigate is properly a ship of the lino, being 
 rated at 44 guns, but bristled with 68. This unfair way of rating, 
 was first introduced by the secretary of General Washington. 
 On appointment of chaplain to the Potomac — there are but nine in 
 the American navy — no less than 400 candidates applied. Com- 
 modores, their highest rank, receive $8020, captains $2330, and 
 lieutenants $1296 per annum, including rations, each rated at 25 
 cents per day. As to their marines, or riflemen, the rule is to 
 place one to each gun. As there is not an observatory in America, 
 her nautical men are indebted to other nations for an ephemeris to 
 regulate her extensive navigation. Tho militia of America is 
 
 D 
 
20 
 
 NOTBS O.f CANADA 
 
 1,316,615. Revenue in 1883 war,- !$J<3,000,000, exports .$73,800,- 
 000, and inj ports ^6S, 500, 000. Iter dominion extends over 2,000,- 
 000 square miles of territory, which is half a million more than 
 the oh! Roman. The district of Columhia is a tract ten miles 
 square round the capital of Wa.shingion, and under the immediate 
 government of Congress. The biatle at BladeMsburgh village 
 vviiich put Washington, last war, into the power of the Bfiiish, is 
 called, by the Americans, on accuimt of (he cowardly conduct of 
 their militia, who all ran away, Bladensburgh races. 
 
 J37. There is scarcely a flection that has not a town or village 
 by the name of Washington, from which thirty high roads diverge 
 round the circumference of the Union. In tlie Tniied Stales stand- 
 ing army of 6188 men, 5882 court's-martial, and 4049 desertions 
 occurred during the hist five years; but this is lar iVoni surpris- 
 ing, when we consider that in all democraMc states, subordination 
 is unpopular. Expense for recruiung circa ^i^O.OOO annually, and 
 replacing a deserter costs the government '"SlOO, When general 
 Moreau resided at Ballston Spa, Snratoga Springs, he was asked if 
 Federal officers did not avail thems( ives of ius mditary renown by 
 proposing questions to him? *' There is not an ensign in the 
 American army, lie replied, who does not consider himself a 
 greater tactician than (General Moreau." 33. In the vicinity of 
 the military college at West Point, resided Kosciusko, to v. hose 
 memory tlie collegians have erected a monument : here also the 
 unfortunate Major Andre was executed, who, it has &ince been 
 discovered, Washington, by the aid of Major Lee and sergeant 
 Chanipe, vainly attempted to save. Mount Vernon, built by Wash, 
 ington's brother Lawrence, and so named after Admiral Vernon, 
 mider whom he served, comprised a property of 10.000 acres, but , 
 owing to the abolition of the primogeniture law, now dwindled to 
 1,200. It is 15 miles from Washington city, separated therefrom 
 by (he Potomac river, crossed by a wooden bridge more than a mile 
 long, with a toll of one dollar passing aiul repassing. When La 
 Fayette (who had a township of landand-*200,()OO presented to him 
 by Congress) M'ent over, in his last visit to America, the toll-koep- 
 or, on plea that ho was the guest of the nation, declined the fee : 
 in like manner wherever lie went, he was not allow ed to be put lo 
 .''ny pecuniary charge. Mount Vernon now contuins but one tole- 
 rablo apartment, and setting aside the i.iterest attached to it, nothing 
 worth noticing but one of the keys of tlie Bastile, presented to the 
 General by La Fayette ; and the fragment of a jug, bearing a strong 
 likeness of the Genera], made in Hlngland, by a common potter. 
 Washington, descended from an uticient family in the north of En- 
 gland, was born at Washington in Virginia, Feb. 11, 1732, and died 
 at Mount Vernon, Dec. 11, 1800. All America mourned 'his event 
 by wearing crape for 30 days. His remains were dep sited in a 
 3ubterraneaQ vault in irorUof the house, overspread with red cedars, 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 < 
 
 I 
 i 
 r 
 
AND TDB CJNITED STATES. 
 
 21 
 
 on a bank rising from the Potomac. The present owner of the pro- 
 perty,John Washington, bclievin'T it unhculthy, resides elsewhere. 
 The house is, therefore, shut (1/, whilst every thing around it be- 
 epeakb neglect and desolation. The handsomcot residence envi- 
 roning Washington, is Arlington House, belonging to Mr. Custis, 
 the ia.'.t but one of the Washington taniiiy. Two days at'ter Gene- 
 ral ^\'a.shin2ton's decease, Coniiress voted a marble monument to 
 his mcnury, but, to the astonishment of all Europe this has not yet 
 been executed. They appropriated, last session, 8-r),000, to pur- 
 chase his manuscripts and part of his library, to b'^ deposited in the 
 dc'jiailnient of state. The onlv original portrait of (he General and 
 his lar'y, are in (he Boston AtiienaMirn. His niece, an aged widow 
 living m the parish of St. John, North Shields, England, applied for 
 and received, July 1834, parochial relief! Sictra7isitfr1oria mundi ! 
 
 30. Voyageurs across the Atlantic, especially steerage ones, 
 after the manner of crosvned heads, and I may add 'prudently, as- 
 sume a travelling name, if a citizen be dissatislied with his own, 
 on repairing to the proper otTice, he may change it at his pleasure. 
 40. Hackney coaches, in number 200, and called hacks, as well 
 horses, though small, are superior to those of London ; but their 
 draught ones are by nc means comparable. Tiicir cap;d)ilities are 
 implied in tiio word urak. Private carriage horses have flownig 
 maiies and tans : the vehicles themselves, with an armorial bearing 
 on the door pannel, are of a remarkably slender fabrication. As 
 thev have no heavy horses, so neither have thev wagon or cart with 
 this character, all being driven at a trot. I saw no post horses ; first 
 introduced in Persia, by Darius the son of Hystaspes. 41. Swine 
 are permitted to roam tlie city at large, its inhabitants appearing to 
 entertain prescriptive opinions as to the convenience of a highway. 
 42. Tiie circuit of the city is eight miles, but omnibuses, handsome 
 and well-horsed, j>ly in most public parts. On East River, 2 miles 
 from the City Hall, is the alms or work house, averaging 2,000 
 poor, besides 3,000 families as out-pensioners, exclusive of 1,000 
 deaf and dumb, idiots and lunatics in its state, sup|)orted wholly by 
 charity : and in the work-house of Portsmouth, New Ffarnpslure, 
 died lately Miss Comfort Lewis, wherein she liad been for sixty- 
 one years, aged one huwhcd and five, years. Died also, in Philadel- 
 phia alms-house, Feb. (», 18.*]3, Bernard \rAlpi\ ixgcd one hundred 
 and three, years. The number of poor received into the alms-hou- 
 ses of New York state, last year, was 18,138, at a charge of 8865,- 
 40(3. In this state, I in every 339 souls is a permanent pauper ; in 
 Connecticut, 1 in 150 ; in New Hampshire, 1 in each 100 ; and in 
 Massachusetts, one in every 08 souls. Hcnco Jonathan's Poor Uato 
 is a large one, but John Bull's 13 equivalent to the whole Prussian 
 revenue. 
 
 43. Them are no post .chaises, but vehicles called fsiran, is 
 the nearest to them : Denr-born is a light four v heeled wagon, so 
 
22 
 
 ^0T£9 Qy CANADA. 
 
 ;he8, by 
 
 inga 
 
 named after its inventor. Their stoge coacnes, Dy introoi 
 moveable mid seat, carry nine insido, but none out. In summer they 
 are open all round, but in winter itwlosod by b ather curtaiiin bitched 
 ou loosely. They carry but little lun[i:>ige, of whicli they ate \>vn. 
 verbially carelesH ; and for ail above 50 lbs. can make you pay for 
 a second seat. Their conductors are called drwers. When snow 
 is sufficiently deep, the body of the i^tago, by placing it on a sledge, 
 is then converted into a sleigh. Traveljinj^ in thi.^ way is much 
 pleasanter and mor'ji expeditiou.^. Tho most nniudurable part of 
 stage coach riding is their inveterate habit of spittiufr. It was com- 
 mon, when fitting next the window, for a brother Jonathan to re- 
 quest my scat, because ho wanted to-rpif. V'hcn this was not so. 
 licited, he either ejected his saliva throujih th;2 window from where 
 lie sat, or filthily deposited it in the coach, if yon rebuke him tor 
 this habit, he ansvt^ers by expressing hi^^ abhorrence of John Bull 
 spitting into his pocket-handkerchief — \»h:ch pozes you : both are 
 intolerable. The word stage means the ground gone over by one 
 team of horses, but generally, though incorrectly, applied to the ve- 
 hide. 
 
 44. Bx^dsteads in hotels arc without fvirnitnrt . whilst ropes 
 secured to pegs projecf/ng from the frame work, supply the place of 
 sacking. 45. At meals, when done, it is expected that you re- 
 tire: which is observed in some private, and all boarding houses. 
 Eggs are brought on in wine glasses, into which they are broken, 
 then beaten up, and ca.^n custard iashion. 40. Houses built m 
 a row, which we call a terrace, are here named a block. A small 
 strait 8 miles from New lo;k, and filled wiih whirlpools, goes by 
 the name of Hellgate: because of the horrible noises they make at 
 certain changes of the tide. The chief of tho?e dangerous eddies 
 are named pot, hen and chickens, hogsbuek, an i frying pan. 
 
 47. In Pcnns3'lvayia section originated Furncntz for opposite ; 
 ii ftp for sixpence ; ' I never lei on,'' for 1 kept that to myself: ' Well 
 shot in the necJc,' for intoxication, and white for snowy night. Penn 
 Yan owes its name to a wag, who. heuring much disputation about 
 its iirst settlers, and taking / guess and / rnfcidate, to be the one 
 rcunsylvanian and the other Yankee, Anglice Yorksliire bife, hit 
 upon the above name as best combining both. Those terms iiow- 
 ever came from the old country : the former so far back as 1020, 
 being used also by MiLon, and the latter rather earlier. 1'hoir in- 
 discriminate adoption, added to nolions for opinions, and fall for 
 autumn Cfall of the leaf) is peculiar to the States; wherein J some- 
 times hoard the barbarism fnore illy, and in print and conversation 
 ' Ho dove (dived) to the bottom.' Their never-firing use oi' progres- 
 ftedy is also Aist establishing itself amongst our [)eriodical literature. 
 Many Americans believe that our comeion Cockney dialect is the 
 standard of the nation, berau.se their light writers of the press con- 
 stantly detail it in their gossip from I.nndoii ; and therefore very 
 
1 
 
 ' » 
 
 AND THE LXITEU STATES. 
 
 23 
 
 ratnrnli y ooiusijor themselves the most correct speakers. This well 
 aoplios to G'jr oroviriciilispis, since ia theirs, as a new country, they 
 do not yr' exi??t, thonr^h sornethiiur iike theni, in this and othern^ites, 
 is bcgiiiiii.'ig to iijijH ill . '{ iit\ arc niorcovfT ot opinion that a snub- 
 iiosu 1-; t.iu ch.u'iicioristic le;!tnre ol 'ai E gli:«l.uia!i. This reminds 
 me ot' i\n a:iec(iote ; a g'Jiitleman commenting on insli Bulls, 1 a^ked 
 him ' On dressing, \\ hut do you i\v:*X put <>\\ ?' ' My shtjes and stock- 
 in'i^, certcmh.'.' ' (jood, what i.ext !' ♦ Whv mv coat and waistcoat, 
 to bo sure.' ' Enough, i r^^piied ; the two hhinder.s you iiave just 
 made, should hereafter silence you Uj)o:i those cf the Iri.-h.' Peun- 
 sylvanians? are also called PanamiUa. p.\A a justice denominated 
 squire: it i-^ said of one of those functionaries, that upon requiring 
 the acts of a justice of the peace, he ser;t the following billot to a 
 neighbouring bookseller, ' Plea^u; to se.id the Ax of Av^ustvs Pcase,^ 
 
 48. Whesi the Yellow fover last raged in New York, the cor. 
 poration hlticked up all int'ectvd place:^: elevated situations, and 
 veli-ventihfed strceis escaped. Il v.as irjtroduced by the foulness 
 of one of the .-lips, little basins I'oraied by' the wh ."-.i, sometimes 
 large enouiih to contain tw«Mitv vessels. The blaci.s seldom take 
 it ; those of New York and Philadelphia, by otTiciating durinf; this 
 scourge, accumulated fortunes, which accounts for so many of this 
 color, in those cities, being independent. In burving the dead, it 
 was difiicult to procure the aid of Avhites^ two out of threa falling 
 victims. A Scotchman, however, for the gratuity of S20 each re- 
 move, undertook t'lis dangerous otfice. By submerging his clothes 
 in tar, and smoking plentifully, ho escaped infection. In this way 
 acquiring a fortune, he returned to his own country. Persians, the 
 cleanliest peoile in the world, arc not subject to the plague, though 
 bordering those countries the greatest sutferers from it. 
 
 49. New lIarn)ony, which has madeso much noise in England, 
 is on the eastern bank of the river Wabash (vx>r-bush) Indiana, 60 
 miles above its mouth, vsubject, ho\\ever, to fever and ague. It is 
 surrounded by a sylvan cowatry, intersperse:! with prairies. It was 
 settled in 1814, by a religious society from Germany callea Harmo- 
 nites ; who first established themselves at Harmony on Conaquene- 
 sing Creek, under the control of George Rap[). Here they erected 
 many buildings, converted the wihiernebs into a garden; employed 
 themselves in the woollen manufacture, had many mills, and culti- 
 vated the vine : being distinguished for intiustry and skill in their 
 various occupations. In 18'i4 llobert Owen of New Lanark Scot- 
 land, bought the whole for #190,000, the Ilarmonites, in number 
 800 returning to Beaver Creek, or river, and established a commu- 
 nity upon his social system. He was joined by 700 others : but 
 discord arising amongst them, it was soon ahaadoned. and passed 
 into the hands of Mr. Taylor, at a ruinous siicrifice, under whom 
 it is flourishing in small allotments. Racoon skins formerly passed 
 as ra.sh in Indiana, but sonv^ Yankees, forging these notes, by sew- 
 
24 
 
 KOTES Oy CA.'^ADA 
 
 ing a Ilacoojit tail (o a Cut's skin, jn thi.^ way tJestroyed thcj 
 
 currency 
 
 r>0. Tho houses at PiiMC<!t^in. Massaoluisctts, a state so over- 
 peopled lliat tliou;.miid:? 'Ujnualjy «Mi»igr;!lo to othcr.s, are one story 
 hi<;;h, and to avoid eiif,'u!phint,' set on piles, lliut iho driviii^f saml.s 
 nay pass beneath them. 'J'hore are 00 tribes, eoniprisin/:^ 120.000 
 Indiiari:?, scattered over 77,4nii, til S acres ot' land \i\ Iho L. Hjates, 
 but, in ilH limits, 'J20,000, thou-h two cenliiries si:;c'>, 2,000,000. 
 The conduct of the Ainencan.s J.o'>var.I.> tiiese abori'^inces. oq'.iidiy 
 "vvith evcrv invador ot' a new count ry, canuot be justilied ; brute 
 force may incbed vanquisli and overpower, but cari m no instance 
 reason, or iu ar"> form cotnincc. 'J'ho iitrnentation of na aboriiri- 
 na! hunter that I one (hiy met, was, that his vicitiity was too popu- 
 lous (or ills comfort, thou^di iiol ten fatnihe:-! \i\{^A\ withm as many 
 miles of him. lie rejiretind excecdinftlv that he liad anv nei.^hbor 
 nearer than one hundred miles ' 
 
 51. James and Henrv Loonaril, from Er.nland, 10')2, .set up 
 the first for^e in .\morica, at Ivainhnni, 1)2 iiiih.'s iVom B'j.«ton. The 
 acute sound of liie ativil i.s prevented by su.><|>endmg a piece ot'iron 
 chain to one of its horn.«. The bntile (d' Breed's, v/ron^Iy called 
 Bunker'.? Hill, so ru'imed after their proprietor.-*, waa lought Juno 
 17, 177o. near CMiarle.slown. A pillar lias boon conmieiiccd, indi- 
 cative of tiie event. John Howard, a vohuiteor m the engagement 
 at (xuddford, soon after following, received live avouikIs, three of 
 which were pronouneevl mortal by the army surgeon, but he survi- 
 ved, and difd ut Lexington, ?s'o\cnjbnr IU), 1834, tigcd 103 years. 
 T. Thompson, oldest iidiuhitant of C'harlostow.'i, and its last survi- 
 vor in this u>nfii,!t, died therein I'Vb. IS.'M, aged 83. The first .shot 
 fired, and the iirst American kdled by the Ut-itish preceding the re- 
 volution, was in a tumultuary attack of the townssnen, on a part of 
 their forces drawn r.p before the courf-housi; of Bosto.i, .^o named 
 by Mr. Cotton, its first minister, who camo from Boston in England. 
 The first regular o]3posi(ion to the Brilish trooj)s, was at Lexington, 
 April 19, 1775; a monument thereat records the event, and an old 
 barn, fro!)i w hich a concealed nc^gro, with his rifle did some damage 
 to the iiritisli, still remains perforated with hundred.s of musket 
 balls, TtS a further memorial of the action. The piece of military 
 music, entitled ' A 3Iarch to Boston," w as composed by a French, 
 man in Lower Canada. The (devated {>ede,stal in the Senatediouse 
 at Boston, on which stands a marble sl.aiue of Washington, bv Chan- 
 trey, is on all sides stained by squirted tobacco juice. Tiic city 
 has more the air of an English one than any olher in the Union ; is 
 the birth-i)lace of Ameriran Independence, ami. from its numerous 
 churches, called the paradise of clergymen. Assessment of real 
 and personal property in New York, last year, was ij!) 140,302,0 1 8. 
 paying a city tax of 8005,385, and m the state alone $1344,646,763. 
 Value of both, in the whole Union, so tar back as 1820, wa."* 
 
 \ 
 
AND THE U5ITKD STAXril. 
 
 2i> 
 
 
 Sl,C31,f)5T,2.21. Xuiiiber of slaves, in the r<^nsus of 1830, was 
 2,011,320. IJpon elections in slavcliolding districts, five biavea 
 count a.« thrco frccmoii. ]\y the present systrni al' sliivory m tho 
 U. States, parents .sell their own otTspring; winch was practiced 
 amonjj^ttho slavvs npon his estate by their l.gislator .IclVeisoii, none 
 of whom, ihouph his o^vn sons and dall^hter^*, were ir.anu'nittcd at 
 his decease, 'iijose states exempt from slavery, are New Hamp- 
 shire, the Swil/.erlai\d of America, Vermont, Oliio, India/ia, Illinois, 
 3tas.sac};u-ietl;, and Mai;io, ihe prospect from its lofty niotnitaiu 
 Katiihdin, commands 72 lake^. First settlers iii Massachnsett's 
 Bay >\cro Captain Iwidicot and his wife ia 162^\ Indians of rank 
 bordering the civil districts of ihe Union, such is the force of ex- 
 ample, have also their slave attendan*>-!. Ancestral portraiture, ar- 
 morial bejtrings, aiul anliquity of iilood. are said to be at a premium 
 in liostoM : its stale jfovenior is eniithul cxcvUency, -.md its represen- 
 tatives lionorahh'. It was to this city that Cromwell and ius adhe- 
 rents contemplated romovmg, provi'ai.>lv lo the formation of the 
 Commonwealt!). It has more than iUO di>tmct lines of stages. 
 
 52. The scliolarsof some establishments, are young men who, 
 desirous of education, not oidy procure funds to etiect this, by work- 
 in^ at some trade, but likewise to complete it col'egUitely. At 
 Cazenovia school, i;}0 niiles west of Albany, whilst my nephew was 
 a student, there were five adults thus honorably distinguished. A 
 .Mr. Webster's diclio.iary, just published, takes great liberties with 
 Dr. Johnson (such as dispr/f/n thea/fr, sccp/rr, and a hundred other 
 new orthographies) who, notwithstanding, is universally consulted, 
 
 53. As neither correction nor restraint is permitted, in the city 
 academies, general education is below par. Here are 400 schools, 
 790 teachers, and 24,000 pu[)ils, with 20,000 cluldren that attend no 
 school whatever. There are 0,002 school districts in New York 
 state. The best master they ever had, was a blind athletic old man, 
 who was a great disciplinarian, but which science hiya been gradu- 
 ating, by inverse ratio, ever since, and is now extinct. Some Ame- 
 rican tutors jirofess to teach more branches of education, than an 
 English master ever heard of. I saw school handbills stuck about 
 tho streets, oftering fiftii.tico branches of education in the year at 
 thirty-eight cents each branch ! one was underlined by some wag, 
 " Them as learns nuiniK'rs two-pence more." And at a village; ale 
 house near Ctica, 1 perceived a list of a neighbouring school (boys 
 and girls) stuck behind the tap. room door, as an invitation to new 
 comers All its niosters were either L.L.D. IM.A. or B.A. yet 
 omitted, by which they did themselvos injustice, that of A.S.S. 
 mistaken for Amazinf; Smati, Scholar. That noiseless simplicity, 
 so characteristic of true talent and the gentleman, is here a jewel 
 of great price. The indiscriminate adoption of learned titles, even 
 where justly merited, is highly injudicious, and renders them of lit- 
 tie value in the estimation of the discerning. The higher classic* 
 
 ui 
 
26 
 
 NOTr.4 ON CAN IDA 
 
 ol America woiiM be ficemed the lower in En^laml, a consc.juf.'nce 
 that must ever iollow, so Ioij;:^ as time is considered of more iin;.ort. 
 ancc tlian kiiowledge. Our noted Mr. flurnilton, who inJi;T::::nilv' 
 scouts both time and sliidy, criimminjr, in a tricn, with ai! sorts of 
 lore, certes would be a very fi^ohjn in Yankee latnl. Americans con- 
 ceive themselves the freest, because the best cMhitaled people in 
 the world, forgettiri^r that Pni.ssia, a confirmed despotijim, carries 
 education further than thev do. No courjtry hiM more anipla '^ro- 
 vision for common schcjols than thi', btiiui:; a null ion of acres of 
 land, and .'$1,735,569 in New York state : «!--\00(», 000 besiJes land, 
 in Conneciic't, and 8,000,000 by the g;eni;ral government, etc. In 
 some -States, education is made a ^Jllbject of penal enactment. Tl'.e 
 chairman to a school district in MainOs puts the following questions 
 to a candidate for master : Do you bejievt! in the Una! salvation of 
 the world ? Do yon believe tliat God ever made a man equal to 
 Thomas Jefferson ! Can you spell Massachusetts? On appoint- 
 ment of a district master, boardinj^ hnn with a neighbour is then 
 put up to auction, bidding down, as in Holland, fiom lhi3 upset price 
 lOs. weekly. These masters are exem[»t from taxes ar.d tl.'e mi- 
 litia. ISchool-bills, unless paid in advance, areencreased one half. 
 First act for a grammar or free school at Mew York, passeu Novem- 
 ber 27, 1702. 
 
 54. The notes of those banks without agents in largo cities, 
 are called uncurreni : brokers sell them at a discount varvinrf from 
 2 lo 40 per cent. This state, although possessing 70, have peti- 
 tioned the legislature for leave to cstablK.h 'M new ones. Their 
 notes pay a tax of one cent per dollar: this impost in .Xcav Yijrk, 
 last vear, produced 854,700. The New York Advertiser for Ja- 
 nuary 11, 183o, contamed a list of 103 banks as broken : several 
 hundred others have followed, since the promulgation of General 
 Jackson's ordinance against a state bank, in places short of spe- 
 cie, dollar notes divided by the scissors have su[)pliod the deficiency. 
 New York has 15 banks, v/ith an aggregate capital of -$7,830,000, 
 yielding an annual dividend of 8077,000 : and in the Union GOO, 
 with a capital of 8200,000,000, including -$17,000,000 in specie. 
 The largest discount oi-e in Wall-street, has not lost -$100 fur the 
 last IS months. Their notes most current in Canada, are those of 
 the United States bank, the state bank of New Y'ork, with all char- 
 tered ones of its city, and those of Philadelphia. Dank forgeries 
 and robberies, to an alarming extent, are of frequent occurr^^nce. 
 This evidently encreases, for, two years after, being at Hamilton, 
 Burlington Bay, I saw Sylvestei's Reporter, a paper larger than 
 our Times, and published at New York, one entire half of which 
 was filled with lists of broken banks and bank defalcations. Trade 
 is overdone in New York ; crowds periodically relieving themselves 
 through the easy portals of its insolvent court ; the printed lists of 
 which often exhibit hundreds at a time ; and in 1811, amounted to 
 
 
\\D TIIR VMTED ST VTK9. 
 
 27 
 
 ^ 
 
 six thnnsanil ! Thoro arc no Commissioners ol' banUritpt, and im. 
 prisonnnMii tor debt wms abolished Jnly 4, 1834. There arc '200 m- 
 corporated mnnufuctiiring companies in this state. Tpon a distrain, 
 the oflTicer, \vl,n most lirst fjivo tiofire, is obhired to leave the fa- 
 mily biblo, llirnilv pictures, and schoul books. All spinning wheels 
 nnd weavinf; looms. Sheej) to the nnniljcr of ten, a cow and two 
 swine. Seat or pew in a place of public worship. The tools and 
 implemerit.s of a mechanic. All necessary wearii „ apparel, beds, 
 bedsteado and bcddinir. One table, sivcbiiirs ; six knives and forks ; 
 SIX plates ; one tea-pot and tea-kettle ; six tea cups and saucers ; 
 one sugar dish and milk pot : a pair of flat irons, •shovel and tongs, 
 with necessary food .iiid fuel for the use of the fannly for sixty days. 
 Public sales are announced, by a red Hag at the door or window. 
 In New York, nil rents, leases and tenures, commence and expire 
 on May-day ; which being one of full employment to carters, their 
 charges are then doubled. 
 
 5'). Land otRccs were first opened in 1707, and are numerous, 
 each costing 81000 annually, tliough maivy, from the great price 
 they demand fur lands literally worthless, do not sell to this amount 
 in cents. It is in contemplation to put down a great part of them. 
 Their bureaux at Washington luive 200,000,000 acres unsold. On 
 purchasing land which, five years after the sale, pays u land tax 
 of 5s. 4d. per 100 acres, the following rules should be observed : 
 good quality : healthy situation : pure water : adjacent to schools : 
 near good roads, water transport, saw and grist-imlls. with a good 
 title, for the want of which tho nourishing town of Utica, N. Y. 
 state, recently passed into tho bands of one man : whilst a lady by 
 the name of Brrdstead has succeeded in her claim to some of the 
 most productive lands, valued at $1,000,000, contiguous to the town. 
 Saw. mills were introduced by tliQ Dutch. Land in back settlements 
 only is now to be had at a reasonable price : its sale produces a 
 revenue of ^'2,000,000 to America. 
 
 56. Near New Rochelle, 20 miles from New York, is the farm 
 which Congress gave to Thomas Paine, whereon he is buried, be- 
 ing refused interment elsewhere, it is tho confiscated property of 
 Mr. Davoe, a loyalist, comprising 300 acres of excellent land, with 
 a good stone house. Pennsylvania voted him j£.jOO tor his Common 
 Sense, which, with $3000 from Congress, formed all the money 
 ho received from the States. It was his song, composed after Ge- 
 neral Wolf's death, beginning, '' In a mouldering cave, where the 
 wretched retreat," that brought him into notice. His RighU of 
 Man were written, hurriedly and at intervals, in the Market plac i 
 of Philadelphia. He died June 8, 1809, aged 72. A literary gen- 
 tleman hi Boston, by the name of Thomas Paine, obtained a legis- 
 lative act, encabling him to change it. to Robert Treat Paine, be- 
 cause '• I am unwilling to bear that of a noted infidel.'' 
 
 E 
 
28 
 
 KOTAI ON CA5\DA 
 
 57. To sltow tho mngriitudo of Gome lio1cl», that of Holt's 
 malifjs uj> 3U0 beds, contains 105 rooin^. and can diiio lUOO pc(<plo 
 ui outj tune. Tlio city water heing bad, tlii.s liouso is supplied iVom 
 tt well, 000 feet docp, and cm ihrough a solid rock. IVorn tiio 
 didicidty of procuring a proper supply of soap, in some liolcls, 
 wherein your bill is paid personally at the bar, I could aUnosi have 
 imagined myself in a caravtiUfary, it being tho supers'iuon of 
 Turkey never to give soap. iVuni an idta that it will wasii away love, 
 
 58. Even a first rate boukselior will stoop to the placard of 
 *A half price book .store.' There are ISO in Now York. Periodi- 
 cal literature, foreign and d«.n>est/o, is conveyed by poj^t, to all 
 parts of the Union, at three laiiliings per sheet, if under 100, and 
 but three halfpence if abovo M0t)O nules. Annual amount of book 
 sales circa 810,000,000. Tho.se injported from l^uropc m 1829, 
 for HO public uistitution.s, amounted only to '$10,8*20. The chief 
 publishing iniu s are Boston, New York and I'hihidelphia. Num- 
 ber of books in the public libraries of America, do not exceed 
 400,000, loss than those in Oxford universi'y. Major Downing'.^ 
 Icttcr.s, lately appearing anonymously in the New Y'ork Daily Ad- 
 vertiser, have excited much interest in the political world : they 
 are happily conceived, and the .satire, though keen and just, is 
 managed with great tact and good humour. The New Yoik So- 
 ciety library, after an existence of 80 years, contains hut 10,000 
 volumes. I'he British government has just presented to those pnb. 
 Vic libraries, amounting to 21, through Mr. Rich of Red Lion square, 
 London, complete sets of all the works now printing by the Record 
 commission, the value of each set is £300. American literature 
 is looking up. Bloodgood of New Y'^ork i.s about })ublishing anec- 
 dotes of Sir Walter Scott, for which he gave the Ettrick Shepherd 
 100 guineas. Whilst Messrs. Carey, Lea & Co. of Philadel[)hia, 
 the chief American booksellers, generally pay '$30,000 aimually to 
 authors and editors ; and have published within the last five years, 
 50 original, 12 translated, and 17 edited works. The best English 
 ones are constantly rf^printed — of "which the Messrs. Harper issuo 
 the most — and by the introduction of a single note, then made copy- 
 rights, which is not granted here to a foreigner, though readily to 
 an American in England. It is not unusual to receive, reprint, and 
 publish all on the same day. The reprints, i*athcr carelessly^ exe- 
 cuted, average 300 anmially. \\ present they pos.sess no standard 
 work of their own. The original publications lor 1833, were 272; 
 of those 23 have been, reprinted in England — including 8 annuals 
 for 1834, which, however, do not sell, because of a preference to 
 those from Great Britain. No work of humour answers, niaugre tho 
 exertions of tho Boston comedians, in their periodical intitled 'The 
 American Comic Annual.' Dr. Franklin in vain attempted to estab- 
 lish a magazine : the succeeding 20 years produced 14 other failures : 
 1810 however saw 24: there are now probably 100. Boston is 
 
l."«D TUB C'-MTHD STATfiS. 
 
 29 
 
 the bvigy nv\rt for their periodica! literature, which amounts, m tho 
 a{rgr(.'gat(?, to nearly DDO : this city, ihou^'h somewhat A'henian, is 
 iiuteil t'or it>- slauf;ht(!r of the kiuirs Kii;[ihsh : l>o()ks, in its houses, 
 uro more aluiMduiu, ihuii in till (»tiiers throujjfhout tho I'nioii : whilst 
 tho word r/crr; is arbitrarily placed, by them, in new situations, as 
 clever house, clever lands, clever stock, clever sum. etc. IJonk 
 lotteri«'s, a.s in Canada, arc fVe(|U(Mit. Vmenca contains rather 
 nioro than 'M)() paper mills; the newspnpt^r.s of N'w Vork >;tafo 
 alone consume <il),')lM) reams annually, at^Bl per ream. I'orci^n 
 books, unless s|)ncially imported, pay JJO per cent duty. Hlack- 
 wood. Ihi; .Vfetropolilan, and Foreign (iuarfevly Reviow, are repub- 
 lishod for ^7, tho.igh custiiifr '"i^'^''> i" Kt)<];limd ; and the wh(de work.n 
 of Sir Walter Scott, lu 52 Nos. etpial t(» 50 London duodecimo vo- 
 lume-s, I'or -$5. The first pnss established was at Cambridge, Alas- 
 .sachusotts, in KiJ)^. The Freeman's Call was the first, and tho 
 New l-'nglaud Almanac, both in lOMO, tho second work issued : tho 
 first book printed was an octavo version of the psalms. The first 
 New 'i'f.rk j>ress wat- set up in lt)08. Leading reviews are the N'urth 
 American, edited in Bosluii, by Fiventt ; 'and the American Quir. 
 terly. in Philadelphia, by ^V'alsh : each averaging a sale of 4(M)0 
 copies. The American jM'.nthly is devoted to criticisms upon native 
 Avork?". Arra,ng(;ment.s havo been more than once made, that pro- 
 ductions of great interest, should appear simultancovisly ni L<.>ndon 
 and New York. The Tales of tho Genii are universally read : they 
 appeared at London in 176-1 under the feigned name of Sir Ciiarlos 
 Morell, but are the actual production of the Rev. .James Ridley, 
 ■who held the living of Uomtbrd, Essev, and tiied there in 1765. 
 Buiiyan's Pilgrim's Progress is also much cstoomed here : in Eng- 
 land 5UO.000 copies of this allegory have been sold, which is tho 
 largest sale, by 100,000, of any other work, except the bible and 
 prayer book, in tho English language. 
 
 59. ALmy capital premises in New York are subdivided, na 
 the American Museum, in tho Park, which has a confectioner's, lot- 
 tery, and vther offirea on its basement ; also, underground, 'Tho 
 Terrapana (Jrotto Luncl^,' ami several refectories, exclusi\e of 
 those upper parts, not immediately ".vanted by tho Institution and 
 in another section 'The Academy of Fine Arts,' with 16aculemi. 
 cians, one of whom, tin; distingiished Mr. Jaivis, was always en- 
 veloped in turs, and attended, in his walks, by two immense dogs; 
 ■whilst, at his splendid dinners, you saw only broken-hundled knives, 
 and one prong forks ; a greasy one of which, or nails all awry, sup- 
 plying the place of a corkscrew, The first painting produced in 
 America, is a bull's head executed by V\'est, which, for upwards 
 of twenty years, tormed the sign for a house in Strawberry. street. 
 New York. Public institutions are opened gratuitously to stran- 
 gers. Houses for business in trailing streets have distinct tradesmen 
 on their separate floors. Rent is so extravagant m the Bro«^dw?ty, 
 
3X^ 
 
 NOTi;» ON CANADA 
 
 tlmt a shop only lets for XliOO ii yrar, exclusive of city rates, wlncli 
 arc hurdeiiHomo ; wliiht u biiildiii*: lot for ont.' Iioiisc, fttchcd 
 .•iH10,00(), ami auotlar wiiii tliroo frontajLif-s, .<^14(),000: atid two 
 houses in ^VuI|.st^ rt, h-t for the eru^riDoua aiuiual rent of ^^2/^*^1. 
 Th«;:ic uiux»iJscioimhI«> prices travel inliiiid, for in IJuiriilo lund lets 
 lU ^200 p( r loot I and a h'.iildiri^ k»t in fljf vdlajfn of ()::;d('iisl»urirli, 
 rjeeiUly hrouyht )i:<l7,S"2(> liu; acre ' whiiyt lor the jtrround upon 
 which Mr. (Jrecn's lumso stand.-", who h hrotherin-|ji\v lo l^ord 
 l.y.idh'irsf, and Ijuiiker in Jiosion, he is said, though hut an acre, 
 to have refused .Si()(),00(j ! Those who countenance these unheard 
 of exiicti(nis, are not (jnly ininncal to their true inlcrestn, hut, in 
 reality, the enemies of their country. 
 
 (•0. The ischcines resorted to hy Londun puflinf^ shops, are 
 practiced for the like purpose, hy those of this city, hso firm a hold 
 iiuve Ihey taken, you (ni,L'iil as well attempt lo ungrind a hus:he' df 
 corn, as to make Jonathan fore<jjo tliem. 01. Upon the ollice 
 
 of the Philad'.dphia steam boat line, is tiie follo'.vinf; t.iuj;ular, and 
 certain now comers may think ominous, placard, '* Transportation 
 to Philadeli>hia." Its late eminent hanker, Girard, left above a miU 
 lion of money, for improving the city, with .tl,O00,U()O to ioend 
 sjchools, likewise build and endow a larje college, from which he 
 excludes all theological professors, because of the multitudinous 
 .sectarians that o\erj?pread the land, each assuming to himself that 
 he only is right, and his neighbor in the wrong, but ligidly enjoins 
 a strict observance of every mojal obligation, with love and good 
 will towards all men. The first new spaper published in this city, w as 
 issued in 1719, and the first press established in 168(>. The en. 
 trance to each street, to prevent the passage of carriages and hor- 
 ses, is chained up on Sundays. Tho Quakers of Philadelphia 
 emancipated their slaves in 1T8S. John de Castilla, a Portuguese 
 living in 1447, was tiie first, modern slave dealer. Slaves were first 
 brought to the colony of Virginia hy Dutch Calvinists, in 1620. — 
 The price of a slave in ancient Rome, varied from J£1G1, to XIGM. 
 in America from S25U to $400. 'i'he entire expense of a .slave 
 on a plantation in Carolina, is '$35 a year, while the wages alone 
 of a white man are $G00. In New Orleans admitting a slave Avith. 
 in a Sunday school is, for the first ofibnce, ^500 ; and for the second, 
 the [)ui.iishment of death ! A .Vlis.s Crandell, of Canterbury in the 
 ?5tates, has unflinchingly persevered in teaching the young people 
 of color, in this district, the ordinary branches of education. The 
 ladies of Edinburgh, Scotland, as a testimony of their admiration 
 of her conduct, have forwarded to her a handsome present of books, 
 by tlie hands of a Mr. Thompson, now on a mission advocating the 
 cause of negroes and colored people in the United States. A plan- 
 ter in Carolina, punishes his slaves hy nailing them down, parlially, 
 iu cofiins ! 
 
AND rnK t Nil ED sT.vxr.s. 
 
 31 
 
 62. At the stoaru-hnrxt statlon§, Iwys atfeiifl, after the manner 
 of coucli.onicijs ill Ijoik1(mi, with the tliiils impois: it" voii buy and 
 require change, deiuand it hetbre |«iirtiri^ with your silver, oilier- 
 wise you >vi!l .soe n<;ither of them apaiu. 03. L'pon executions 
 
 within tilt' Hiidwrll at New York, the .sherilf is not allowed a do- 
 putv. 'I'ht; culprit is placed under the beam, with one end of the 
 rord round his neck, and the other /ix«'d to an iininense weight 
 above, v hieh. uf a f:iv(Mi si;j;iimI. is rolled oil', the butlercr instantly 
 drawn up, and thus suspended till In^ dies. 'IVansportatioa beyond 
 sea.s, is a mode of punishment uidinown in America. 
 
 fit. 'V\ni size of an American rille ball for sluKitinj^ deer and 
 bears, if. OU to a pound ; ihat Inr the bullalo and elk, oil ; and prac 
 tisin^i; at a rinirk, from GO to ^0. Their riuef sword, rille, and 
 pistol factories are in Middlcton. c«)unty of .Middlesex, and Lancas- 
 ter, rcnusylvania. Principal armories arc at Sprin«:lield, 87 milea 
 from Bo^ton, and includin;:^ a <;annitn foundry, at llichmond, Vir- 
 /.dma ; in which town is a motiumental cliiir<;h. built on the ruins 
 of the theuire, consinned bv lire on the nir'/ of December 26, 1811, 
 duriii^ the reiu.'arsulof a [day, whon 7"^ pe^isons werij killed, includ- 
 ing the governor, (r. W. ynith, Ivq. one of the actors, by the name 
 of Cone, who escape<l this coidlagration. after^^ard3 becitme a most 
 eminent [ireacher in New V(>rk. .Vt llarjicr's fcrr^, is a large 
 gun establishment, also an elegant stone arsenal at Home near Al- 
 l)any, and a national one m VViitcrtown near Boston, besides those 
 of individual states, as (hat of New York, ubicli alone has eleven 
 arsenals. 'J'he loading cannon foundry is at Chambers Creek : 
 whilst in that of Richmond, 300 pieces have boon already cast. — 
 I)« 'aware state contains the best gunpowder mills : those at Man- 
 chester, Conn, have been twice blo^vn up during the last six months. 
 The chief shot-towers arc in Hercnlanevun, on the Mississippi, with 
 one, 160 feet iiigh, at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania : great beds of 
 coal are found in this district, and around Pittsburg, which from 
 its numerous factories, potteries, distillerii.^s, &c. disgorging clouds 
 of coal smoke, may be considered the Birmingham of America : 
 indeed, on one side of it, is a village so called, and on the other, 
 the town of Manchester. The treasurer of the Pittsburg Mission, 
 ary Society, lately received 8100O anonymously. There are 24 
 Benevolent Societies in America, with an income of $584,000 : tho 
 first was formed in 1798, the last in 1830. I saw, in many houses, 
 gun barrels and bayonets, as Jire pokers, which, on inspection, 
 proved to be English. They were a sort of heir loom, received 
 by their progenitors from England, when under the sway of tho 
 British Empire. 
 
 65. The theatres are the Park. Richmond Hill, and the Bow. 
 ery, having a much admired portico. The first American theatre 
 was creeled in Virginia. Constables are admitted within them to 
 preserve order. Shakespeare's head, Nassau street, is the theatri- 
 
aa 
 
 KOTK» 0:T CANADA 
 
 cal rendezvous or Drury Lane Harp of New York. The number 
 of tragic productions, by native writera, does not exceed six. Charles 
 Kenibie and his daughter, now in America, have already realized 
 1^4(1,000 : and Master 13urk<j, from the Surry theatre, accunnihited 
 a fortune : Wilkinson, from the Adelphi, is here, and a great fa- 
 vourite at the Park. When a distiiignished English actor is to 
 perform, it is usual to put up the boxes to auction the previous 
 morning. The Italian Opera, though attciDpted, does not prosper : 
 in Rome, Florence, and Sienna only do they speak the Italian lan- 
 guage, which has twelve dialects, as it is written. 
 
 66. It would be dangerous for our inimitable Matthews to re- 
 visit America, because of his far-famed delineation of the Yankee. 
 Jonathan has no objection to laugh at others, but much aversion to 
 be laughed at himself. In this respect John Bull has clearly the 
 advantage, for are not Matthews' entertainments levelled exclusive, 
 ly against tiin follies of his countrymen ? but do they, on that account, 
 esteem either of them the less ? Certainly not, but, on the contrary, 
 admire them the more. It forcibly reminds me of those ale-house 
 politicians who, in their great wisdom, denounce the assumed want 
 of liberality in their superiors, whilst, at the same time, if one of 
 their number dare dissent from the rest, he risks being either 
 knocked down instant er, or as unceremoniously kicked into the 
 street. This I soon found to be the oj)iniou of the theatrical sages 
 in New York, but so far as Mi. Matthews is concerned, proved to bo 
 incorrect ; as this gentleman paid a second visit to America in 1834, 
 and was received with uubouudod applause. A Mr. Matthews being 
 here subject to those unpleasant visitants, yclept sheritls, built a 
 house, wherein he resides, and sets John Doe and Richard Roe at 
 defiance, situated in two states, three counties, and four towns; 
 viz: New York and Vermont States: Renselaer, Bennington, and 
 Washington counties ; Shaftsbury, Bennington, White Creek, and 
 Hoosack towns. 
 
 67. The professions of penmanship, in this city, embellish 
 with ornamental writing, ladies' albums and scrap books. I re. 
 member, when at school, a gentleman occasionally attending to 
 flourish in the titles of our ciphering books, which, being in good 
 practice, realised him £1000 annually ; but doing so in ladies' fan. 
 cy books, is a novelty originating with the ingenious Mr. Gad Ely, 
 whose specimens at 174 Broadway, are the nearest approaches to 
 LaMgford and Gcnery, of any I had ever seen. Langlord iftired 
 upon a considerable fortune, acquired in his academy, Haydon- 
 square, Minories ; and Gcnery, of Mile-end Grove, on anotiiier 
 from private teaching. 
 
 68. The United States Congress — formed and held at Chester, 
 1774 — first met in their capital of Washington, 1000 ; consists of 
 48 senators, 213 representatives, and 3 delegates — each 47,700 in- 
 habitants send a representative — who receives $S n day during ses- 
 
A:tO THB C-XITBD ITATKf. 
 
 99 
 
 ■ion, and 88 for every 20 miles ho travels, which allowance, last 
 sitling, amounted to §55.>,4S0 ; officer.s and clerks salaries 832,000; 
 printing, stationary, and fuel §192, 500; some put the emoluments 
 of printer at the hirge sum of §>60,000 a year. Their forms of 
 business are taken from those of the British parliament : speakers 
 in the senate are regarded with remarkable apathy, neither applause 
 nor censure being allowed, sitiipg also uncovered ; both which, 
 however, are oi)tional m the chamber of representatives. A sen- 
 ator is elected tor six, and a representative lor two years. The pre- 
 sident, who has a cabinet composed of the secretaries of state, war 
 treasury, navy, and the attorney general, must be 35 years of r.ge, 
 and a natural born citizen : he is elected for 4 years, has $25,000, 
 and his vice presiuent, who, ex otiicio, is head of the senate, has 
 $5,000 per ann. In tiie election both of president and members, 
 much corrupt influence is exerted. Its princij)al orators are Messrs. 
 ^Virt, Hayne, Webster, and McDuflie. During last war, a mem- 
 ber one day proposdl abolishing the English language throughout 
 the Union, and substi.uting the French ; not, however, being ?econd- 
 ed, he took nothing by his molion. Its eternity of words exceeds 
 calculation ; a single speech, apt to be tricked out with barbarous 
 liiin, will last several hourj=, and others, by adjournment, many days. 
 Each member is accommodated with a chair, desk, writing mate- 
 rials and a brass spittoon. Boys, neatly dressed, act as messenger- 
 attendants : their general occupation in writing letters and folding 
 newspapers, induced a member to observe, lately " the house of re- 
 presentatives consists of a large number of printers' boys ; " during 
 their sitting a flag is unfurled iVom the dome of ea< h wing, which 
 is struck upon adjournment. Upon the door of (he i.trangers' gal- 
 lery in the senate liouse, is this notice, "Gentlemen will be pleased 
 not to put their feet on the board in front of the gallery as the dirt 
 from them fails on members' heads." There is an exclusive gal- 
 lery for ladies, and another for reporters, who have a Irec admis- 
 sion, whilst this indulgence to a London paper costs the proprietor 
 a fc8 of £30 per session to the door-keeper. An engraved plan of 
 the house, procurable at tho door, points out the places and names 
 of members. Tho library of Congress, principally bought of Pre- 
 sident Jefferson, consists of 10,000 volumes ; whilst lliat of our 
 House of Commons comprises but 4,150. Divine service being 
 performed in the Congress Chamber on Sundays, it is then fashion- 
 ably attended. The chaplain has $500, Sergeant at arn.s 81,500, 
 and doorkeeper $1,450 per ann. If a member die during session, 
 he is buried by the state, and mourned for 30 days, by a piece of 
 black crape round the arm. The capitol — covered with white- 
 wash, to conceal being burnt by the British in lb 14 — includes the 
 senate and house of representatives, and cost 82.000,000. Under 
 the dome is a gloomy vaulted hall, called tho Caucus j the soubri. 
 qu«t of an electioneering committee, being a corruption of calkor- 
 
 1 
 
 , i 
 
 ^ 
 
 ; i 
 
 
 l\ 
 
34 
 
 NOTES ON CAXAD.A 
 
 
 
 meeting, which originated amongst the shipping interest of Bos- 
 ion. The nannes ot* their political parties are Patent Democrats, 
 Old Schoolmen, Hartford Conventionalists, and Blue-light Men ; 
 those of no party are denominated Quids. Candidates of doubt- 
 fid principles arc called Slu?nps ; whilst " Go a-head,^^ and " Go the 
 wliole hog, ^^ are also common political phrases. The members' re- 
 freshment, or oyster and beefsteak room, is between the capitol and 
 library. Colonel Trumbull has adorned the great hall with four 
 historical paintings, for which he received $32,000. Congress for- 
 merly met wiih pipes in their mouths ; but lest we should stare in- 
 credulously at this anecdote, our parliament of Nova Scotia, a few 
 years sitice, assembled round a common table, headed by its speak, 
 er, with a long cane under his arm, with which, instead of a res- 
 pectful call to order, he would beat refractory members into order. 
 Political squabbling often prevails, the ins and outs holding oppo. 
 site opinions of the same thing : thus the partisans of Gen. Jack- 
 son, nick-named Old Hickory, were liberal in their invectives 
 against the extravagance of the Adams administration, promising, 
 in the event of succeeding him, very large retrenchments. How- 
 ever, when this took place, and the Ceneral occupied the presiden. 
 talc'air, it fell out that even his first year's expenditure exceeded, 
 by two million dollars, thai of his predecessor. The following ex- 
 tract from the Indiana Register, exhibits the novelty of an aspirant 
 to senatorial honois, unable to write his name : " Mr. Printer, please 
 insert in your psper that I stand candidate in opposition to Colonel 
 Paxton, and VV. Todd, for the legislature. — Abraham Miller, X his 
 mark." A minor, at this election, writing the figures 21 upon a 
 slip of paper, placed it in his shoe, then putting it on, swore that he 
 was a&oi?etwenfy-one. Much obloquy rests upon General Ross for 
 burning the capitol, in 1814 ; this is, however, unjust, for the of- 
 fence, if any, would not have been committed, had the Americans 
 refrained from firing on the British llag of truce, killing thereby 
 the general's horse : whilst their army, under General Harrison, 
 upon invading Canada in 181*2, wantonly fired an entire Moravian 
 village ; and the next year, commanded by General M'Clure, as 
 callously burnt the whole town of Newark. Many, in picturing 
 the Old Gentleman, are not contented with paint, but resort to tho 
 ink-pot and lay it on with a mop. The civil officers of the state 
 are atlable and agreeable, which, in America, are implied by tho 
 word clever. The civil list <!xpcnditure is circa $1,600,000. It is 
 not unusual for a hew President to displace, from political motives, 
 hundreds of public officers, which, of all grades, arc about 40,000, 
 The higher functionaries of tho state, are generally of much ex- 
 perience ; many now living having previously figured in the various 
 characters of farmers, justices, lawyers, judges, senators, and war- 
 riors. And among the less aspiring class of citizens, I have often 
 met those who have been preachers, schoolmasters, doctors, and in 
 
AND THE UMTEU STATtSt 
 
 3h 
 
 the arena of 20 trades heforo hitting upon a successful, id. est. 
 right one. As regards personal habits and doportnienf, Washing- 
 ton is fiirtho most agreeable city in the Union ; its hackney coach- 
 es are numerous hut dear, conveying to and from a party being $3. 
 Waiters in its hotels, servants generally and the lower artizans are 
 nil slaves. Upon refreshments being taken into the saloon of the 
 While house, at the President's levess, the salvers are often obliged 
 to be escorted, to prevent their clearance by unbiddan guests. 'J'ho 
 first act of parliament relative to any partof Am' rica, was in 15 IS, 
 and rippertained to the Newfoundland fishery; to encourage which 
 William and Mary, in ]()90, passed a law conferring the title of 
 admiral on the master of the first fishing vessel that arrived, vice- 
 admiral on tiie second, rear-admiral on the third, and so on. The 
 first newspaper appeared so lute as 1807, and was called " Tho 
 Royal Gazette and Newfoundland Advertiser." When the bank 
 fishery prevailed, the sea around the banks was alwav« calmed by 
 pumping water out of shij)s carrying oil. In the presidency of 
 Washington, Congress debated this question three davr — *• f s not 
 America the most enlightened nation upon earth? " which was de- 
 cided in the atiirmative ; and their last President in his tour through 
 Maine, told tlii:; good people thereof, " tho United States are cer- 
 tainly the most enlightened people m the world," ergo, brother Jon- 
 athan may, therefore, veiy reasonably bo excused entertaining 
 elevated notions both of his country and himself. 
 
 69. In an apartment of 'J'amany Hall — from St. Tamany, 
 their tutelar saint — a large building in the Park, a society, similar 
 to that attempted to be established in the Rotunda, Blacktriars 
 Road, by the notorious Robert Taylor, has its meetings, but with- 
 out success, as all denominations most cordially unite in condemn- 
 ing it. Blasphemy is not permitted in the Slates, being severely 
 punished by the authorities, as recently evidenced at Boston, iu the 
 case of the Rev. A. Knecland. 
 
 71). Americans are always anxious after news from tho old 
 country; fast sailing cutters constantly cruising otf Sandy Hook, 
 to intercept the packets coming in. There is an immensity of Bri- 
 tish capital, which, when combined with language and the laws, 
 produce also a rficiprocity of feeling in the Union. As a proof of 
 the good understanding which exists between the two states, a bill 
 for JL*2H0,0O0 was recently remitted to Liverpool, and discounted 
 there, by one house, at 2^'per cent. Tho American national debt, 
 1823, was $90,777,431 ; one sixth of which was he'd by the 
 British ; a ninth by the Dutch ; and $2,000,683 by other foreign- 
 ers. In about n year, being 58$39,123,101 in 1831, her public debt 
 will be paid otf. This has nothing to do with the debt of individ- 
 ual slates ; as that of Alabama, New York, Pennsylvania, Louisi- 
 ana, Mississippi, Ohio, or Virginia. Each state has a civil list, and 
 distinct eetabliibment to supiport ; hence, when it is said that six 
 
 
 1 
 
36 
 
 VOTM Oyi CANJiOA 
 
 millions a.year discharge all expenses of the government, this may 
 be pretty nglnt fractionally, but I'ar otherwise collectively. 
 
 71. The question of the sea serpent, on which so much doubt 
 has been thrown, may now be considered asset at rest; for whilst 
 I was in America, it was one day reported in Boston, to be then ofT 
 that city. Thereupon a steam boat, having on board upwards of a 
 hundred ladies and gentlemen, put out. Jn ahout an hour they 
 came up with three of these monsters of the deep ; they w ere 
 sporting on the waves ; during which one of them raised himself 
 so far above the water, as satisfied the spectators that he n)ust have 
 beerj ir)0 feet long. Two then disappeared, but the third, without 
 any s;<:ii« of fv.iu- ppprof thed within a few feet of the ship, and re. 
 maiiif;.; -so long, as to convince those on board that it was upwards 
 of hi) it'.etin hmgth. 
 
 I'-i. Mucin of lite verbosity in law proceedings, criminal, as 
 w<:]l a^^ civil, is rtniovtd from the American jurisprudence; inso- 
 /nu:h that { have seen deeds of ntortgage completed in two smali 
 HheeiB, aiid an indictment ibr felony in two lines. 'Ihe perfect equa. 
 Jity, however, between judge, counsel, jury, tipstaff, and auditors, 
 ill an American court of law, divests its proceedings of all preten. 
 mans to solemnity. Tlieir legal functionaries, save the seven su- 
 preme jnd/res at Washington, wear no official costume ; but whilst 
 they observe it in their church, army, and navy, their conduct in this 
 particular is somewhat inconsistent. In one of their courts behind 
 the Bridewell, a plainlifl' seeking redress for the loss of some clo- 
 ver seed, stated to have been destroyed in the defendant's mill, a 
 member of the bar hit off a jeu (Vesprit, implying — 
 
 In such a cause, a lawyorfee'd, 
 
 Might well make people laugh; 
 Since liu, iis surely, tock the «serf, 
 
 And ^'ave his clicat the che^ff. 
 
 Acti IS for libel are interminable, but from their mitigatory mode 
 of proceeding, carry less damages than in England. 73. Hence„ 
 it should appear that Jonathan has a cacoethes for pasquinading \ 
 a term said to take its rise from a mutilated statue, of a similar 
 cognomen, at Rome, standing in the corner of a palace belonging 
 to the Ui.sini,on which were wont to be stuck certain lampoons 
 against thtir ;rreat men. Others derive it from an old cobbler, in 
 that ancient city, by the name of Pasquin, celebrated for his jibes 
 and sneers; and who amused himself by passing his jokes on all 
 the people that went through the street in which he had his Ktall. 
 
 74. Of the 56 signers of the declaration of independence, 9 
 were born in Massachusetts ; 7 in Virginia ; in Maryland ; r> in 
 Connecticut ; 4 in New Jersey ; 4 in Pennsylvania -, 4 in South 
 Carolina ; 3 in New York; 3 in Delaware ; 2 in RK^e Island ; 1 
 in Maine; 3 in Ireland; 2 in England ; 2 in Scotland; and 1 in 
 Wales. Of these 21 were attornies, 10 merchants, 4 physicians, 
 
AXO TRB UNITSB nJLTBS. 
 
 37 
 
 9 farmers, 1 clergyman, 1 printer, and 10 men of fortune. Mr. Car- 
 roil, the last survivor, who was head of the Cathohcs, immensely 
 rich, and grandfatlicr to Marchioness Wellesley, died recently at 
 Baltimore, aged 96. The average age of the whole is sixty-live 
 years. At Williumstown, Massachusetts, the late Ear! of Balcar- 
 ras, on hiyi march to Cambridge, as prisoner in the revolutionary 
 war, was obliged to mount a chair, in his di«»figured garments, m 
 order to gratify: the federalists with this specimen of a real lord. 
 
 75. Drinkioir and snHtakiny; are excessive in New York, tho* 
 boasting 200,00U Temperance members m its state, Jroreign wines 
 — America consuming 6,000,000 gallons annually — are highly tax. 
 ed : Madeira ,^5 and Port $3 per bottle. Adulteration has no lim- 
 its in the distilleries of the city, which derive:^ a revenue of ^30,. 
 800 from its taverns. liouisville, on the Ohio, has the largest dis- 
 tillerv,and New York stuie, about 1,200. Victuallers do business 
 in the Loch-re fashion, that is, money in one hand and liquor in the 
 other. America not producing chalk, accounts forno *corcj. Braa- 
 dy, rum, and gin, Is. 4d. and whiskey, 6d.j York, per quart ; nhich 
 is dog cfieap, a term that does not well apdv in the states, since it 
 costs them $10,000,000 a year for victualling 1,300,600 of the 
 cnnine tribe. Bacchanalian orgies are called scales. In Queen 
 Elizabeth's days, a tea-spoonful of rum or brandy was thought a 
 proper dose, beir ;; then sold by druggists only, at so much per oas. 
 Temperance societies, though 3,000 strong in the Union, unitedly 
 suppressing 260 stills, and materially lessening the practice of law. 
 yers and physicians, have much up-hill work in the goofl city of 
 New York ; wherein are 1,600 spirit or grocery shops, nnd .%000 
 licensed dealers : some of these stores have it in cooten.plation to 
 introduce the Moscow custom, of stationing two bovs at the door- 
 way, to operate as decoy ducks. Whole tax levied on the inhabi- 
 tants of Hopkir<on, Massachusetts, about 1800, by the ardent spi- 
 rit mania, would ,'>v the slate, county, town, parish, school and 
 highway rates, and yet leave a balance of ^2,500 in the treasury- 
 To the head, pockets, and bottle of a drunkard, may be applied the 
 alphabetical conundrum of M.T. (empty.) N.York state, containing 
 762 towns, has 1112 Temperance societies, 44 temperance taverns 
 — selling wino and mall liquor only — 250 stores no longer vending 
 spirits, and above 1,G 00 merchants declining the sale of di»ti![. i 
 liquors; whilst 100 jtills have been abandoned. .\m rl.a i i i-:t/A, 
 consumed $60,000,000 for strong waters; now reAmf^ri^ o?Mi tlurd. 
 The deaths, in summer, by drinking cold water wninjut aiiy cor. 
 rective, have much increasfid at New York air.ong those laborers 
 who are members of Temperance Societies, which were first in- 
 troduced by Dr. Clark, at Moreau, Saratoga county, in 1808. To 
 such extremes have theee societies here arrived, thaf at the saertf- 
 roentnl tables of some altars, ^mttermilk and lereMMido irup«rc«<2# 
 thauflo of win«. 
 
 • I 
 
38 
 
 NOTES ON CANABA 
 
 76. Although prohibited, unJ:r 20, unh?5.s . ivisnd by the fa- 
 cult) , you still nieut boys in the streets sinoaking cinnamon sof^.irs, 
 which at Boston find Baltimore i.^ a fine of $2. Tobacco is Is. 
 per lb. and segars a cent each. On a njod^^rate calcniation thero 
 are 400,000 s(;gar sniuakers in the U. S., that pnft' away nine mil- 
 lion dollars annually ; also 000,000 chewers, and 500,000 siiufler-s, 
 whodo amiable propensities co.st seven millions sterling a year. A 
 rubber of snulT, as practised by girls in jMaryland, is rubbing snutf 
 with the tore-hnjrer round the inside of the mouth. 
 
 77. Dress maUing, in this ci»y, is a sorry business ; iis ladies 
 get theirs banted for a lew cents, ^ind by llnishing the affuir them- 
 selves, save half a dollar : upon the credit of this sleight of hand 
 economy, tliey spend many eagles, saying nothing of ruining half 
 the seamstresses in the city, who are also tailoresses, one house 
 alone employing 500. These thrifty dames have another mode of 
 injuring their less fortunate countrywomen : femah; parties meet 
 ar each other's houses lo quilt a counterpane, which is etrectcd in 
 divers meetings, at an outlay to the Bee hostess, of ^10; whilst 
 a seamstress one, same quality, costs but $2. This economical 
 mania reminds me of the period when, in England, it was fashion- 
 able for ladies to make their own shoes! so that when con^rc^iat. 
 ing at tea parties, it was the toil to convey, by porter in a box, 
 miss or madam's shoe-making materials. Notwithstanding the om- 
 nipotence oi" tashion, lap-stones, however, were very soon disco- 
 vered to be gi'eat hindrances to all talk, and therefore as spee- 
 dily abandoned. I wish equal results to the quilting ladies of New 
 York, the travellers to and from which exceed 20.000 persons daily. 
 
 78. Carts tor conveying baggage which, in Northern states is 
 called jduiider, aro dear and numerous, being 2,250 cartm©n and 
 100 porters. Their favorite horse-names are Duke, Darby, Buck 
 and Bright ; and expression, upon a good job, " We shall clear up 
 three load this/tifc/t." 79. Respectable emigrants, long settled, 
 have assured me that they never enjoy a sound sleep, or care to 
 invoke its aid but by snatches and at long intervals. Emigration 
 to this city in 18a2,' was 48,000, of which 8,690 returned to Eng. 
 land. On viewing the open parts of New York, they forcibly re. 
 mind one of the approaches to Zaara, the immense desert of Ara. 
 bia: in crossing which, the great danger to be apprehended, is 
 the failure of a spring : thus, in 1798, a caravan from Morocco, 
 comprising 2000 men and 1000 camels, all perished ^froni want 
 of water. 
 
 80. The choral service in their chapels is extremely well-con- 
 ducted, especially in that of Chatham-street, formerly a theatre, 
 but now dedicated to public worship : wherein Luther's hymn 
 formed part of the service for the last Sunday evening I spent in 
 New York. The choir executed it with a solemn sweetness which, 
 f#r a church ritual, surpassed any that I had ever heard. The ef- 
 
AND THi: UNITED STATr.9. 
 
 90 
 
 feet, however, was nuich impaired, hy nlms-t:\liers, during its con- 
 tiiuKitice, |)iirsiiino^ their uvocalions from junv to pew, tlie lctiin<^ 
 and sule whereof, are generally nejjfocialod through the papers. 
 All places of pLihlic wcjrship, in iNew York state, are called 
 churches, but in most others, meetin<;:-houses or cliapcls, iti which 
 woman is pronoiujced alfcr ils ancient orthonrraphy of wommnn ; 
 and wherein nhjnc, sue!) is the restless activity ot" Jonatiian, dtjes 
 he a.ssuiMc the air of leisure and repose. Although Americans aro 
 considered a niurc moral people than any other, still in the two 
 states of Viriiiuia and N. Carolina, it has been ascertained that 
 there are 1,(518, 000 iicKi-piofessors of rel!j|;ion. A thanlis^ivin<r 
 day is regularly aftpoinlfd, once a year at least, by the various 
 governors of the respective states, on which occasion a roasted 
 turkey is eaten by persons of every condition. 
 
 81. The onlv two pit;rcs of national music possessed by tho 
 Americans, is " Mail (Columbia!" coinjM^sed hy Judrre llopkinson, 
 and "Yankee Dinulle'' hy a Y'o .vshire drummer boy. Mdk uilulter- 
 HtciJ af:er the Parisian mode, w" li water, wheat Hour and sugar catj- 
 dy, is served from inunense tins, in carts, at 3d per quart : a iine or 
 walk sells for m??400. In Lower Cai^ada, durincj winter, it 'sbrou;;:!!! 
 to market in bags, put up in frozen cakes. 82. Ttiere are 100 auc- 
 tioneers in the city, whose annual duties average ?ii>220,000 : their 
 hammers are eternally on the move : six cents per dollar include 
 all charvres. On selling heavy dry goods, they take their stand 
 outside the store, and, with their bidders, occupy the whole pave- 
 mcnt ; an innovation even of" greater extent in the city of Phila- 
 delpliia. 'I'he term grocrritx heading their catalogues, comprised 
 distilled liquors, ironmongt ry, and dry goods, not a single entry of 
 tea, coHee, sugar or spicfjs. 8-i. C'ahinet makers and nphois- 
 
 terers abound ; their workmansliip is excellent, but they have an 
 odd taste lor decorating all furniture rerpiiring handles, with thoso 
 of glass ones. There are ten principle window glass factories in tho 
 state, each i)roducing 10.000 boxes annually, valued at 8200,000. 
 Household furniture is cheaper than in England. I'ancy sho[)s are 
 numerous; whilst house and sign |)ainter.>, these executing their 
 
 8-i. N(;ar tl 
 
 lO 
 
 le 
 
 art better than those of Lomloii, Ir.ne no end. 
 village of Flushing, on Long Island, the garden of America, is t! 
 finest nursery one in the Union, comprising 50 acres, and belonwinn- 
 to Mr. Prince, which, in tlie revolutionarv war, was protected by 
 orders of the British coinmandfM- (lem^'al Ersldtie. Here, about 
 the same time, fell (reneral WoodlinlL bccausi^ he refused to re. 
 peat God savR th". kinii. A ratre course 's also laid down upon Lono- 
 Island : the meetings are in May and Cctober, last three days each, 
 and attract crowds from all parts. Olher states have also their race, 
 grounds, but this is considered the Newmarket of the whole. In 
 those of the South, teats of any tolerabh? horsemannhip are ahun. 
 dan'ly applauded ; acting on the principle, that Washington tamed 
 
 I 
 
40 
 
 nOTB* ON CANABA 
 
 a wild lirtrse, bo.fore he attempted to conquer men. To show the 
 value of American blood hor^ts, Mr. Stevens of New York, sold 
 bis named Medoc, for $10,000. The word Sportsman hero de- 
 cotes, not a foxhun'.er, but ii ji^ambler by profession. 
 
 85. One day being at the Northern packet line, I went on 
 board an Albany steamboat, and enquired the passage : §1, 50 was 
 IIjc answer. Repairing to my domicile for half an hour, I returned, 
 when, on putting down the money, $-i were demanded. 1 stared, 
 but, as matter of course, declined going. Strolling on to the 
 Brooklyn, anciently Breucklen Ferry, on which Island, is one of 
 the United States seven navy yards, with a flourishing Assylum, 
 and OQ the heights opposite New York, a Collegiate Institute for 
 youngs ladies — I thought of going over, fare four cents, though le- 
 gally but two. I handed a live cent piece, when a York shilling 
 was required. This second edition of master captain being, to my 
 mind, no better than the first, I look back my money and departed, 
 first looking unutterable things. The master of a Ferry-boat re- 
 ceives STOO, and each of the crew $350 a year. Next day I en- 
 tered a coffee house for refreshment, which, for obvious reasons, I 
 took care to be the same as an American gentleman entering with 
 me, who, on finishing, paid 18 cents ; but, from me, mine host de. 
 manded 25. On requiring an explanation, the mistake was rectified. 
 When the drama of a New Way to pay Old Debts, which so ably 
 delineates that prince of characters, Sir Giles Overreach, is per- 
 formed at cither of the New York theatres, it draws better Yankee 
 houses, I am told, than any other. Note : New York pilot boats 
 are the fastest sailers in the world. On the N.E. of Long Isl^.nd 
 — 140 miles in length and 10 in breadth — lie interred several thou. 
 sand prisoners of war, who died, at various times, on board the 
 British prison ship Jersey, stationed off this place. 
 
 8G. In Hohoken 7 miles from the city, are rural banquets, 
 much relished by the epicures of New Y'ork. Turtle soup, served 
 under the shade of embowering trees, forms the chief daintv. It 
 has been much improved by its proprietor Col. Stevens, and is fast 
 acquiring a soubriquet '-^ the Elysian Fields. Gravesend Beach, 
 Long li^land, is also noted for its summer attractions. Col. Stevens 
 is likewise own^r of the great steamboat ferries from bottom of 
 Barcl ..y and Canal-sts. to Hohoken, which produce him $100,000 
 annually : his hotel on the Hohoken side, islet at £500 a year. Ho- 
 hoken is a favorite s|)ot for duelling, and by some, on that account, 
 culled the Chalii Farm of America, wherein duels are more frequent 
 than in any part of the world. Tennessee state has just passed a 
 law, declaring that every one who bears a challenge, or in any way 
 abets the combatants in a duel, shall forfeit the privileges of citi- 
 zenship. Pic-nic parties to the woods and agrarian solitudes, aro 
 general throughout the Union, in which it is an understood thing, 
 that ladies provide eatables, and gentlemen the wines and liqueors. 
 
AND THB irXITB* ITATKf. 
 
 41 
 
 87. Trnvelling in the States, mny in a great measure ho. do. 
 frnycd by shaving, that is, buying, in one town, not«;» payahle ia 
 nnother, or to which you are going : they are obtained at lottery 
 offices and brokers, or sJiavers. Vide, Notes 13 and 54. An llli. 
 nois farmer, desirous of changing his location, sold his tlirin for 
 £700, and made a circuit of the States in search of another. How 
 do you suppose he succeeded? — Why, he is now a laborer where 
 he was formerly master. Upon ancient ireea adjacent to the coasU 
 ing part of New York, strange characters are often deciphered: 
 they are the remains of Buccaneers, as clues to their depots of 
 concealed treasure. 
 
 88. One day at the Park colfee house, I read in the VVefttcrn 
 Review, "Our stock of paper being out, we are cojnpelled to fur. 
 nish you with a small sheet. P. S. Next week's Review will not 
 be published till week after next/' Another Western triitor apoiu-> 
 gised for his paper's non-ap})earance, because "he had no time, 
 and the tooth ache." A Pennsylvanian editor announced his own 
 marriage with somebody he left blank; because she did notlikcto 
 see her name in print. And ar»othcr " Wanted, as a wife, a young 
 lady with 4000 dollars, of a sweet temper,' a good housewife, and 
 born in America. Send cards to 15 Peari-street." A Mr, Potter 
 of this city, taking into consideration the tiitTiculties of a connubial 
 advertisement, has established an nf;ency office, after the Pnrisiaa 
 plan, for negociating marriages, which are here performed by a 
 magistrate, in five minutes, atid at n charge of one dollar. So also 
 in many States (Michigan for insiance) is a divorce, on being de- 
 sired by both parties. In the last sitting of (ho Missouri Executive, 
 forty couple, conformably to their prayer, were separated a vincu. 
 li matrimoni : whilst the legislative journals of Cmcinnati, forl8S4» 
 exhibit the petitions o^ jive hundred, individuals for divorce ! Males 
 at 17, and females at 14, are legally capable of contracting mar- 
 riage. During my sojourn, a marriage took place at the old Peaii. 
 ennok meeting house, Bridgeport, sanctioned by both parenis, ia 
 which neither party exceeded the age of ten years ! I likewise saw 
 b n>arried couple, each under eighteen, and still the happy parents 
 o^ six children. An unmarried female is distinguished from a mar- 
 ried one, by having the christian name appended to miss ; »c the 
 latter it is omitted. Marriage is sometimes a loop-hole for the escape 
 of delinquents; as, recently, Mr. Hilard unler arrest for perjury, 
 in Irasburgh jad, Vermont; by marrying in prison, the only evi- 
 dence. Miss Bailey, thus defeated justice. Dani^qes for breach of 
 promise in marriage are managed ditferently to the old country : 
 miss Landers of Maysville, Kentucky, laid hera against n Mr. 
 Warren, at .$500, but the jury insisted on given her $800. The 
 same rule appears to be observed in cases of crim. con. F. Gucrin, 
 baker, New York, versus A. Stroxzi, school-teacher, put his al 
 aome $5000, but he was awarded $10,000. The puni»hment her* 
 
42 
 
 KOTES ON CA.-^^OA 
 
 to \ mr.n for bcntlrig his wife, is six t.ionlhs digging for sfono on 
 Bhickwoirs, anciently VaiJu^n Island, near tho ciiy, which iiaa 
 Intoly p'!rchaso(J it for a potjiteiitiary. ISlraf)gcrs arc cautioned 
 Dguinst visiting those hauni.s ofc()rru|)(ioii, the I'ivo Points, or Do- 
 vcr Koad o{ New York. An old bach(;Ior in Ohio, as a sot otT 
 n^iiiiist General M'Chirc'rf siifmestion to ta\ bachelors, proposed 
 '* If llie govenniiont will give nie ih;; o.xcluaive privilege of relcas- 
 ing all those who wish to he unniarrietl, in tht> IJuitod States, I 
 will pledge invself to pay oil" the national debt in live years." 
 The legislature of this slate recently pas^ied a law, granting a di- 
 vorce to either party, who could prove that the other had been ha- 
 bitii lily dnnik tor /«;o year.-' : whilst, i:> (.'hina, a man may divorco 
 his wife, if she bo gi\en too n)iioh to talking. 
 
 81). In the (.'ity Hall, I one day saw a woman come in to sign 
 a deed before the judge. Oa finding she was married, he asked 
 her, as is usual in such caso.j, if* luu- husbaiid compelled her to sign? 
 " He compel mo," she replied with much sconi, " no, nor twenty 
 like him." 90. A circumstance analogous to the foregoing, oc- 
 
 curred whilst I was at Edmund Hall, Oxford, and may be told iu 
 the following eight lines : 
 
 ' '* 'Twixt footmn!) John and Dr. Too, 
 
 A riv:ilship befell, 
 'Twas who biioiild be llio happy beau, 
 
 Aiul bear i-' way tlic bollo. 
 The t'octm.in cautiht the lady's heart, 
 
 And who c;in b1;inip her '/ Noniau! 
 The whoJi^ prevailed tij^aitist tljo part, 
 
 'Twa.s Foot-uiiiu versus Toc-nKni. 
 
 91. Tlie IlHtiois, now fast peopling, contains 37,056,000 acres- 
 It was admitted into tiu; Union m 1?^ 18, and then hnd but 35,220 
 inhabitants, (a territory will not in future h? admitted, unless it con- 
 tains 60,000 free inhabitants^ v.hich in 1830 was encreased to 
 200,000. Its legish;lure comprises .j4 nvombers : Vatnlalia, its ca- 
 pital, is watcied by the Kaskaskias ; andthoinvh the wild<'rncss im- 
 til IB21, noAV contains an antiqup.rian society. It abounds in prai- 
 ries, a Trench word rlenotirg a meadow, or plains formed by firea 
 kindled every autumn, to burn useless trees, lo!!g grasn, and dried 
 leaves; they become, on cultivation, fine arable lands. Therii are 
 28,237,859 acres of public lands for sale, at 5$1,25 per acre, to 
 ■which no dispute as to title, like Kentucky and Tenne.'-^'^eo, ever 
 arises. That portion lying between the Illinois and Mississippi, 
 (3,500,000 acres) has been assigned as bounty lands, by Congress, 
 to those soldiers who enlisted duritijj the last war : manv receivinj; 
 320 acres each, which if held by them for three years, are ever af- 
 ter exonerated from al! taxes. It is, however, safer to buy of tho 
 government than the soldiery, although great fortunes have been 
 made by speculating in the military lands. Mr. Stephen IVlunn, of 
 New York, has been a large purchacer. Many tavt?rn keejjers in 
 
A.XD THl PNITKD 8TATM. 
 
 43 
 
 
 this state, wiilj Ohio. InHiana and Kentucky, nre oincers in th(» 
 militia, niuJ sometimes justices of the pence, which coufer also tho 
 title ot' ju.!i;c. 
 
 92. An erni^rrant, in setthnj^, must first bo content witli a shan. 
 ty of unliewn logs, roofe^l in with imdresHec! phinjjies : the Hoor is 
 ma.'lo of logs, split into thick plankM. The chimney crevices shouhl 
 bo well .secured. A few (iollnrs will pay for the erection. A kit. 
 chen, smoke, spring, and milk house, a corn crih nnrl a log barn, 
 with a wagon shed, will he all the buildings needed tor a while — a 
 frame or brick house, with suitable out-buildu.gs, may bo erected 
 hereafter. Laborers and mechanics, exclusive of board, receive a 
 dollar per day. All farm work is performed by men, Americana 
 not allowing white women, save at VVethersfield, near Haitlbrd, to 
 labor in the tleh's. E. Uirdscye, of Connecticut, has invented a 
 machine for making shingles, price $15, which produces 240 per 
 minute. The good people of Salem, in this stale, have passed an 
 ordinance, rendering it a penal oflence for boys to be found licking 
 the burg holes of suirar casks! i\o country has greater facilities for 
 raising live stock of nil kinds. If objecting to the fatigue of clear- 
 ing wild land, fherc are backwoodsmen always to bo found, who, for 
 a fev/ dollars advance on the original cost, will sell their improve- 
 !i!:;nts and retire further into the forest, which, in America, is so 
 djficient iu underwood as to bo easily traversed by pedestrians and 
 on horseback. The white hunter population, about 1,500, arc those 
 who have fled from various parts of America into Arkansas, to es. 
 cape the severity of the laws and indulge in unrestrained passion. 
 Thev subsist bv the chase, and nre little better than savages : their 
 usual food, as in all woodland districts, is pork, venison, and horn- 
 niony, or boiled Indian corn, first found in Saint Domingo, which 
 is sown like potatoes, thougli not so fiir apart, by dropping two or 
 three grains into a hole made by a hoe. In the same state pf this 
 people's adoption, who to guard themselves against a rattlesnake, 
 when in t'le woods, stuif their boots with the leaves of the white-ash 
 tree, is a celebrated salt prairie, several miles in extent, covered 
 with a chrystallized salt, six inches deep. The celebrated antidote 
 for tho bite of a rattlesnake, for 'ivhich S. Carolina rewarded Cipsar, 
 tho negro, who discovered it, with his freedom and an annuity of 
 JSIOO, is a bruised plantain or hoarhonnd leaf taken inwardly, 
 with another of tobacco moistened with rum applied to the wound. 
 In Liberty Hall, S. Carolina, a storekeeper advertises, "whiskey 
 given in exchange for rattlesnakes." 
 
 93. The great swamp, 60 miles long and 5 wide, begins in 
 Missouri county ; the water of tho river by this name, resembles 
 thick water gruel, and is much increased by a large stream called 
 The Good Woman river. Sluggish rivers are called bayous. Dis- 
 mal Swamp, Virginia, (for improving which a lottery is now in ope« 
 nUion) is 30 miles long and 10 broad. The Missouri lead mines 
 
 G 
 
44 
 
 WOTBfl ON CANADA 
 
 cover an area of 3,000 inilcH : cxcfilleut ore is found in the (own- 
 j>ihi[) of Salisbury, Connecticut. Many rivers in Kontucky, which 
 abounds ia ancient fortifications, present perpendicul.-ir bunks of 
 000 feet, of Holid limestone, surmounted by an Jiscent several linn- 
 drcd feet hi^h. In the state of Indismu, in the bcginninjj of last 
 year, upwards of 10,000 wooden clocks were sold by pedlars, at 
 1)30 eacli; I'rom this sort of praidi, it is now a law in S. Carolina, that 
 no Yankee pedlar shall at// Coimecticnt clocks in that state ; theso 
 gentry, however, evade thi^ enactment, by /rasiii^ir Ihcm out for 99 
 years! Judges iri proviiiciid coiuts, as those nt" Vermont, receive 
 somf'thing sh^rt of 82tM) j)cr annuin, and a secretary of state about 
 half as much. 'I'he North American Review, doubtless to prove 
 the extravagant liberality of his cout\trymen, assures tiiem that the 
 judges of ancient Athens received but 7i cents, or three jfcncit three 
 farthings per day ' The following notice in the Salem (Inzette, 
 shows that the ollice of judge will sometimes go begging, " Raleigh, 
 N. Carolina. The executive council have been nolitied to meet, tho 
 10th of next month, fur the ])urpose of making a thi7'(l attempt to 
 beg some gentleman of the bar to accept tho oftice of judge of the 
 highest court in our state." In this caj)ital fRaleighj is the statue 
 of (ieneral Washington by Canova, the most celebrated work of 
 art in all America. A friend once travelling in Vermont, saw a 
 fnrnier-looking man unloading a cart laden with bags of wool, 
 ■which he carefully arranged in a retail store. This proved to bo 
 Mr. Palmer, the then governor of the state. N. B. Connecticut 
 was originally granted, by the British, to the lords Brooke, and 
 Say and Sele. 
 
 04. The Illinois is preferred by the emigrant, from its easiness 
 of access, by cheap and convenient modes of travelling. It pro- 
 duces timber of almost every variety. Large, high, and dense 
 woods indicate the best soil. It raises all kinds of grain and corn: 
 beef and pork, horses, tobacco, lead, excellent vegetables, and wine. 
 All sorts of fruit arrive at great perfection. Coal mines were first 
 discovered at Alton in this state. The first boat constructed on the 
 Illinois river, is called Coldimter, being a temperance steamer : the 
 owners, builders, and sailors are all temperance men : no kind of 
 spirit is allowed on board: she commenced running Aug. 1834. — 
 The Desire, of 120 tons, was the first ship that sailed, 1630, from 
 America to England. 700 now leave her ports w^ithout ardent spirits. 
 95. Cost and expense of a farm of 320 acres in the Illinois : 
 
 160 acres of prairie at $1, 25 per acre $200 
 
 Fencing it in four fields, 40 acres each, fence 8 rails high, 160 
 
 Cost of cabins, stables, corn cribs, <&c. about 120 
 
 Breaking up with a plough, 160 acres a $2 per acre, .... 320 
 60 of timber land, and 80 of prairie for timber, &;c. .... 200 
 
 ^1000 
 
A?»D Tnt: rmTFiD sta^bh. 
 
 4ft 
 
 AVf. ronccfl,.ns in CannJt\, arc worm, or zi{,'zag : long pieces 
 of split titnbcr, laid on oin) anotlujr without fuslcniug. 
 
 OG. All emigrant .should take out a lair HU|*ply of clothings bod. 
 din<r and li.u;n. The farmer would abo do well to provide himsolf 
 Willi thr iron work ot aj^aicultural impkineiils. Illinois, from its 
 fertdity ami eapibililv of snslumiiig a vast population, i« ono ot the 
 lincst of the Wcslr'rji «tatea. Its sumim^rs are lens intense and 
 winters more mild, than those burderinj; the mountain ranges: 
 wbilai its inliabitanis, thougli plain and blunt, are sincere in their 
 liospilalily. It is railed bv liic French a terrestrial paradise.— 
 There is a demand for public leaehors ; every desrription of arti- 
 zans, the m(!chamc and husbandman. \ stranger eoinh;g amongst 
 ihcm with a disposition to be pleased with the country and its peo- 
 ]de wdl be received with open arms. A gentleman lately travelling 
 IVoml^Kjli to Vinccnnes, Indiana, a distainc of «o miles, counted 
 400 wagons movi:;g emigrants to Illinois and Missouri. As larming 
 cannot bo taught by books, I do not presume to make it a subject for 
 my pen. 
 
 97. If c'nigraats choose favorable situations, have comforta. 
 ble houses as soon as possible ; dr^ss suitably when sudden changes 
 come on, and not expose themselves to inclement weather, they 
 will have good health. 98. The Illinois, wherein a number of 
 proscribed French otficers, in 1817, settled themselves on 100,000 
 acres of land, is part of the Mississippi, and comprises the follow, 
 ing states and territories : VVestFiorida; Alabama; I^ouisiana — so 
 named, in 1682, by the then French governor of Canada, ami pur- 
 chased by the Lnited States from France, in 1803, for $15,000,000, 
 aud formerly denoted 'lie whole of the French possessions in North 
 America— Oiiio— wherein the h^.ic of a paCk ot cards subjects the 
 seller to a line of $,"iO— Indiana : Illinois; Missouri— at the gates 
 of the rocky mountains, on the Missouri's course, the rC'cks rise 
 1200 feet perpendicularly from the water's edge, for nearJ> •"'ix. 
 miles, whilst the riv&r is but 150 vards wide ; hence the gloomi- 
 ness of the passage baffles description — Kentucky — first settled by 
 one John Coles, at a place called half-May house : its populous 
 town of Todd, is noted for a remarkable rise in commerce and agri. 
 culture — Tennessee — snow at ten inches deep, in this state, is con- 
 sidered uncommon, and teti days an extraordinary time for its du. 
 ration, -winter resembling the spring of New England — Michigtin 
 — emigration to which has been strong since 1818, when the U. S. 
 first sold its lands, which are of unrivalled excellence, though some- 
 what marshy — Arkansas ; West Pennsylvaria ; West Virginia — iu 
 this region exclusively real estate is not liable for debt — Mandan 
 district ; Sioux do. ; Huron do. ; Osage do. : Ozack do. ; Part of 
 Georgia, North Carolina, and New York, the most populous, but 
 Virginia the largest state ; in all twentv-two. The banks of Ar- 
 kansas and Missouri rivers, produce the great«st abuadauce of 
 
 f 
 
46 
 
 N0TK8 ON CANADA 
 
 game. Oa Contrary Creek, Virginia, a rich goU mine has lately 
 been discovered, upon land owned by Mr. TindtT : wiiich, ruutjing 
 a Yankee, he repaired to the district, and buying; a small lot, with 
 a rivulet thereon, carefully dro[)ped in a few grains of gold ; these 
 he contrived that another should find ; which immediately becoming 
 known, he soon sold his lot at a hundred times its value. (io\d 
 mines are wrought in (Georgia, first settk.'d in 1732, also in North 
 and South CaroUiia, theformer state supplying the government with 
 $128,00(> worth annually. Since vvorking the gold mines parallel 
 with Blue Ridge, from Georgia to Maryland i{),000,000 in value 
 have been obtained. The esiimated produce of the Soutliern mines 
 for 1835, is ^'2,500,000. In the gold region of Georgia and North 
 Carolina, traces are discoverable of mines, at some remote period, 
 having been worked in both districts : the remains of brick iiousea 
 have been discovered on the banks of White River : and in the 
 neighbourhood, the ruins of a city, wijh parallel streets crossing 
 each os; er at right angles, traceable in brick foundations one mile 
 long. The first exportation of gold from America to England was 
 this vear, in the ship Columbus, captain ("obb, to Liverpool, being 
 400 eagles for the accommodation of persons leaving that port for 
 New York. Tne only cash at one time passing in the state of Mis- 
 souri, was a dollar cut into halves, quarters, eighths, and sixteenths, 
 thence called cut money : a YanJcee, however, contriving to cut it 
 into five quarters, soon brought it into disrepute. In Virginia ori- 
 ginated f^- tlit whole hog, a political phras(^ marking the democrat 
 from u edoruilst : in its capital of Richmond, gambling is carried 
 to grea: t.Kcess. Settlers in t>iis state, and whites generally, are 
 called } y the na.ives, long knives. 
 
 99. Shoidd th'* Most e:icreas€ her population hereafter, in the 
 same proportjor. Hiat she has done for the last tew years, the ma- 
 jority of the inhabitants of the Union will be in the vallev of the 
 
 I*; 
 
 sissippi, 1500 miles long and 600 broad: its mineral resources 
 are so unbounded, as to form, beneath the surface, one vast coal 
 field over the w hole extent ; though called a valley, it is properly 
 a plain ; its entire elevation diJiering but a few feet only. Proi^ent 
 census is hard upon live millions. Its land fit for cultivation is 
 640,000,000 acres ; whereof 227,293,000 are unsold, exclusive of 
 113,577,869, to which the Indian title is about to be extinguished. 
 The curves in the Mississ;ippi are so regular, that boatmen and In- 
 dians, instead of calculating by leagues, do so by its bends. 
 
 100. It publishes 350 newspapers weekly, each averagmg a 
 Bale of 600 copies. It has also 'The Illinois monthly magazine.' 
 edited by Judge Hall, author of letters from the West, who, at 
 page 20, describes a petrified forest, near the Yellow Stone river, 
 where the country, for twenty rniles round, is thickly strewed with 
 stumps, roots, and branches of petrified trees. Lord Selkirk's tra- 
 cling eitablishmont, who also formed a sottlement on Lake Sinclair, 
 
XND THE tJXITED STATES. 
 
 47 
 
 Upper Canada, la on a point of land near the junction of tlio Aa- 
 sinniboin with Rod river : it v.as founded i.i 1812 by 300 Scotch 
 and Clerman families, who c i.i furnish COO fighting men : a fort 
 has been built, and mounted a ith 20 pieces of cannon. Since iho 
 earl of Se!i<irk's death, reci^ufly in France, from fati«,'ue and vexa- 
 tion in his roiony, the sctilcineiit has materially deteriorated. 
 
 101. The three grand routes, one of which must be pursued 
 by visitor-; to the Valley of the Mississippi, from the States east of 
 the Allegahanv mountains, are first — bv the Lakes on the North : 
 secondly — bv the various roads leadiiig to that country from tho 
 coast, beginning in the state of New York, and extending to the 
 Gulph of Mexico : thirdly — by shir* round to IVIobib and New Or- 
 leans, in which laborers arc paid ^^2, and son^o trades, 83 a day 
 wages, 'j'he voyage is about 10 or 15 days iVom New York or 
 Philadelphia; and from 15 to 20 from liostoa to New Orleans, a 
 most conuj)t city, being over-ran with free-thinking Fienchmen, 
 and barbaric Germans; having also 11 gaming houses, which pay 
 a tax of §?l?.r)00 annuailv. The i)rovincial parliament likewise 
 assembles here, v/hich bcirjg composed o'f Creoles and Americans, 
 the former debali;ig in French and the latter in Ei;glish, which re- 
 quiring interpreters, greatly extends tho Vaisinesa of the session. 
 The islands in the Mississijipi, which with its branches cover 
 1,500,000 sijuare miles, are too numerous to be named ; they are 
 therefore nu'.nbered in the hydrogruphical uurvoys : a friend, on na- 
 vigating the river, enquired the name of a beautiful island in sight, 
 and was answered 540. 
 
 102. Ai^ emifirant nnd famiiy ho removed from Boston to II- 
 linois last falL suites his expenditure from liosfoM to I'ittsbvirgh, via 
 Albany, P.uhalo and Erie, to hi 48 dollars : and on to Jacksonville 
 53; including board and lodgir<:. From Wheeling to Louisville, h^ 
 took a deck passage ; from All .ny to Buffalo he went by tho canal, 
 and from \\'heeliug to vSt. Louis l>y i^tcamboat. 103. To tho 
 foregoing I subjoin the following useful items : from Philadelphia 
 to Pittsburgh, by stage, 300 mile.y, charge ('16, 50. Baltimore to 
 VViiecling 271 m. ^315, 50. Philadelphia via Baltimore to Vvheel* 
 ing 402 m. $18,50. Pittsburgh to Wheeling 59 m. {$4,50. Wbeej. 
 ingto Columbu>; 140 m. n8. Columlnis to ('leveland 177 m. $10, 
 50. Columbus to Chillieothe 45 ui. 82. Cliiillcothc to CiuciDnati 
 94 m. $5,50. Columbus to Cincinnati direct ilOm. ^0, 50. Cin. 
 cinnati to Indianapolis 112 m. 85,75. Inrlianapolis to Madison 8J 
 m. 84. Cincinnati to Lexington 76 m. $4. Lexington to Louis- 
 ville 75 m. $i. Note: the distance from New Orleans to Louia. 
 vile is 1600 miles, and the steand)oat fare, including botir.l, a few- 
 years since -Si 00, is now reduced to ^'U). Louisville to St. Louis, 
 via Vincennes 267 m. $15,75. Louisville to Nashville 180 m. $12* 
 Richmond to Cincinnati, via Staunton, LewisLiurgh, Charleston, 
 or the Kanaown and Guydant (by steamboat from the last named 
 
48 
 
 NOTES ON CAXADA 
 
 place 155 miles) 515 m. $'28. Kiclnnond to Knoxville, via Lynch- 
 burgh, Abingdon, Kingsporl, etc. 44 1 ni. $28, 50. Baltimore to 
 Ricliinond, via Nurlulk, by .stf'aniboat, liTd m. 1^10. Knoxville ta 
 Nashville, via Mao Minvifle 19!:^ in. ^12. Nashville to lllemphis 
 224 m. i^l'). Na.shviiie to FlnrMM-f 110 n». $8,25. Huutsville to 
 Tuscaloosa 140 m. $9. I'iorenco la 'j'uycaloosa 140 m. ^9. 1 us- 
 caloosa to Moiitr«;onierv' 119 ni. )^S, Tuscaloosa to Mobile bv steam, 
 boat, 450 miles by the river, ai^l 220 by land $12. Augusta to 
 Montgomery, via >ii!lcdgeviliO, Mucoa, Columbus, etc. 300 m. $18, 
 Montgomery ia steamboat (by stage 180 miles, same fare) 400 m. 
 $12. ' iMobilo to New Orleans 100 m. $12. JSt. Augustine to Mo. 
 bile circa GOO m. $21. 104. From Boston, New York, Phila- 
 
 delphia, Baltimore and Richmond — the slaves of uiiich dart.- not 
 appear ia the streets after dark, without a pa.^s from a white — to 
 New Orleans, by a packet ship $00. Note : Baltimore — i'ounded 
 by lord Baltimore, a catholic, ia 1G:M — having a magiiiiiccnt ca- 
 thedral, built fro.m the proceeds of a lottery, and the liberaJity of a. 
 Mr. Carroll, many sf)len(iid edifice:^ and schools ; a college, co:u 
 vent, and ninmery, with an archbishop, who is a cardinal and pri- 
 mate of Baltimore, all catholic, is, on that account, cahed iho 
 Rome of vVmerica. . Lord Baltimore previously colonized part of 
 JSewfoundland, which he named Avalon, afer GlasLonbury, 8omor- 
 eetshire, anciently so called, because the tijst place in Engl uid 
 where christiiuiity was planted. N. B. Churches, in the Wcslera 
 states, are often built from the proceeds of a lottery. Baltimore is 
 social and hospitable, and also called the moiiumenfal city, iVonx 
 its numerous mausoleums to the memory of the dead. Tne city 
 hotel, in this town, is the largest in the Union: over its colfee-roum 
 door, is tiiis notice, "^5, reward for the discovery of ti»e villain 
 who cuts or tears the newspapers." It has the honor of being tho 
 first city in tho ITnited Stales, \vhi(^h raised a ceaotai)h to the me- 
 mory of Washiijgton. Largest and most beautiful cjihohc edifice 
 in all America, is the cathedral at Montreal, standing upon an acre 
 of ground, caf)ab]e of containing 12,000 persons, and costing up- 
 wards of jC100,000. T'le wife of a'j auctioneer in tiiis city, hav- 
 ing recently borne him twins, much alike, to distinguish them, ha 
 had one christened Ihid, and the other Ditto. 
 
 105. The expeiises by way of New York are: from N. Y'^ork 
 to Albany, including all charge.^, ,^3. Albany to Buflalo, by packet 
 boats, 315, 75. BulTalo to [".'rie, by steamboat, .«^3. Buffalo to Ash. 
 tabula, by do- $4,50. Bulialo to Cleveland, by do. T-O. From Erie 
 to Beaver, by stage, including nil charges, $5,50. Beaver to Cin- 
 cinnati, by steamboat, $10. Cincinnati to Louisville, by do. $3. 
 Louisville to Shawneetown, by do. $6. Louisville to St. Louis» 
 by do. $12. 
 
 106. The route from Cleveland or Ashtabula to Cincinnati, 
 which has ISehurchew, with 30,000 inhabitants, and now •xhibit- 
 
AND "HK CmTED STATES. 
 
 49 
 
 
 ing, in ono of its museums, n colored woman, the property of Ge- 
 neral Washington's father, in hor lOlPt year! Vide note 42, or any- 
 other point of tlio Oiiit), may be ascertained in the? coach offices of 
 New York : a petrified Indian chiUl has been hitcly found, at Cfuern. 
 sey in Ohio, by some ston<! qunrriers. Mr. nullcck, proprietor of 
 ihe Egyptian Hall, Piccadilly, luid formerly a larj^e estate, aiid beau, 
 tiful house, in the vicinity of Cincinnati, po named iVom a naval 
 and mihtary society, but which, though W.ishingtoti was president, 
 Dr. Frankhn writing down, soo-i became unpopular. The expense 
 of sttambuat (ravellinn; varies t>om 4Ho G cents per mile, which 
 inchide board and lodiiing. 'J'he charge of o!;o person, by Ktago 
 and steamboat, from Phdadelphia to St. Louis, including every 
 thmg, is about $55. 107. From New Ork 'iiiS to St. Louis, by 
 
 steamboat, ,$-25. St. Louis to Beardstown, lihnois, $8. fcrt. Louis 
 to Quincy, Illirmis, fi,C>. Si. Louis to (iaiiiia, Illinois, ^\2. 
 
 108. All the preceding charg( s refer to the most expensive 
 mode of proceeding. The price of a passage in Wcotorn boats, 
 always include ^bod and lodging. Those whose circunistances 
 will not allow them to take a cabin passage, in a sleamhoat, may al- 
 •ways he accommodated v.'ith a deck one :' which is protected irom 
 the wealhi r, but has no other convoiiencc : they must find their 
 own beds and provision : many respectable emigrants travel in this 
 wa}'. 100, A deck passage from Beaver to Louisville v.ordd cost 
 
 $4. From Whetsling to Louisville, $4. Louisville to St. Louis, 
 g3. New Orleans to St. Louis, $8. St. Louis to Beardstown, $2. 
 St. Lo:jis to Q,uiiicey, ^2. 
 
 110. A stage runs from Louisville by Vinccnnes to Vandalia, 
 thence to Sfiringfidd in Sangamai.i county; and trom Springfield, 
 north to Galena, or west to Jacksonville, in which b :)ard and lodg- 
 ing are but $1, '2o per week. Should the ti'.<vel!cr wish to visit iho 
 eastern parts of the state, lying along the Wabash, ho may do so 
 bv taking ttie stajie as far as Vincennes, the oldest French settle, 
 ment, with a contiguous prairie of 5,000 acres free to the inhabi. 
 tants. From this place, in tlu^ spring, he may ascend or descend 
 the Wabash : or he may embark at Ijou'sville, in a steamboat for 
 any place on that river. For the sou: hern part of the state he may 
 lind at Siiawneelown, or Kaskaskia, where he may hire horses: 
 but in neither place will he find stages to convey him into the inte- 
 rior. For the western or north-western parts of Illinois, the proper 
 course to take is St. Louis; from that place steam boats depart 
 daily to all the towns in Illinois lying on the shores of her rivers 
 and those of the Mississi})pi, which, on being joined by the Missou- 
 ri, increases her current from two to four miles per hour: some 
 steam boats on the Mississippi, will consume from §^1,000 to $1,500, 
 for wood in one voyage. Stages run three times a week from this 
 place to Vincennes , through Bellville, Lebanon, Carlyle, Mfiysvillo, 
 and Lawrenceville. Once a week to Vandalia, through Edwards. 
 
m 
 
 KOTC* 07T CAXADA 
 
 r 
 
 villo, and Greensville : and onco a week to Galena, through Etl- 
 wardaville, Springfielil, and J*eorice. Over Cedar Creek, li' miles 
 S. Lexington, i.s ;i hcautifid natural hridge. Settling upon unclear- 
 ed land, without purchase or consent, is termed squatting. 
 
 111. Steam hoat travellers are much amused at tlie crude wit 
 and songs of the niggurs, when attending their fires. Their cho- 
 russes are generally a string o{' unmeaning words, as *' Oh-i-o, 
 O hang, boys, hang," or "O stormy, .stormy." 'i'he manners of 
 KcMtueiiy boatmoii — their countrymen being deemed the Ilibcrniana 
 of the land, and the anly Americans that can understand a joke — 
 are so proverbially roug!>, that they are described as '* half horse 
 and h;df alligator, with acr<jss of the wild cat," of which animal, 
 when tame, a French prisoner at Livei oul, devoured, in 1800, one 
 hundred and seventy-four, many of thci.i whilst alive! 
 
 112. Until the introduction of Temperance Societies, whiskey 
 was served to a steatnboat crew in pails, once every four hours, 
 wtieneach took as nnioh as ho pleased. The American famous old 
 Prlonotigahela is distilled in Western Peimsylvania. \n insurrec- 
 tion, in 1791, arose amongst the Pennsylvanians, on uccount of aa 
 excise upon this spirit, laid on to support a Avar against the Indians ; 
 hut was suppn-'sscd without bloodshed. Their largest gin distillery 
 ih at Kapt Windsor, Hartford Co. The climate of Pennsylvania 
 is a compound of all the countries in the world. The adjacent 
 state of Maryland produces the genuine w'/tiie wheat,and the Bright 
 Kite's F'oot Tobacco. 
 
 11'). The number of Slates now comprehending America, 
 which IS ( qual in size to all l:iufopr>, is •24; exclusive of their tp«* 
 ritorif^s, Florida, Arkansas, and Micidgan, great eniigration to which 
 has been going on this sununer ; but inde[)endent of the juarshy 
 quality of most of its land, new claimants to large tracts have lately 
 sprung up : one gentleman alone to a portion 18 miles square, un- 
 der an ancient patent i'vom the I'rench crown, much of which id 
 settled : he is a rich man, and in the district prosecuting the same, 
 and has already disturbed many locations. Its inhabitants, as must 
 follow, from their varied aud modern origin, have not that uniform- 
 ity of character which belongs to ancient nations. Texas, contig- 
 uous to the boundary lit-.e of Mexico and the United States, is ex- 
 citing great attcMtion trom emigrants. In 1S27, when the Ameri- 
 can Colon'd Austen commenced settling his extensive grant, it had 
 only 10,000 inhabitants; now there are <3G,t)00 : choice land could 
 then be purchased for one cfM the acre, but will now produce a dol- 
 lar, and the best from five to llfieen dollars the acre. Lands along 
 the gulf are marshy, and fitted only for a black population : those 
 in the interior are salubrious, and here the fever is never known. 
 Wild rice, a valuable aquatic plant, grows in Michigan rivers, of 
 4 or 5 feet in deptii : when ripe, Indians pass through it in canoes, 
 and bending its stalks over the sides, beat ofT the grain with •tickf. 
 
AMD TI!K UNITED STATES. 
 
 b\ 
 
 Its Lake Su'^erior, tiie largest b<»dyof fresh wat^r m the world, is 
 subject, as that of Erie, to fogs, mists, and stomis, and therefore <.f 
 dangerous navigation. The highest paid governor is that of Louis- 
 iana, who has $7,000, and the lowest of Rhode Island, who has but 
 ^400 per ann. Each governor possesses the power of lite and 
 death, subject to revision by the general government. Their fiisest 
 river is the Amazon, also called Maranon, and Orellana. The 
 sources of many are laid down somewhat imperfectly, because ta- 
 ken from doubtful authorities : as that of Multnomah, it| Oregon 
 territory, from a sUetch drawn by an Indian, with his finger, in the 
 dust. The Legislature of Massachusetts comprises 511 members, 
 heing the largest of any , and that of Delaware 39, which is the 
 smallest. Sovou states, including Virginia, pay their members $4 
 per di^.a ; seven, taking in New \ork and Pennsylvania, $3 ; six, 
 embraving also Massachusetts, .$2 ; on« state $12,50; and three 
 <jthers 81, 50 only. 
 
 114. The American Episcopacy use our liturgy, slightly va- 
 ried. Their (Mergy have a college in this rity, superintended by 
 Dr. Onderdonk, Bishop of New York: they formerly sat in Con- 
 gress, but attempting to obi lin a permanent provision, vero iilti- 
 mately ejected. Fir«t act for establishing and paying a church of 
 England clergy, in the counties of New York, Queens, Richmond, 
 and Wcstcliester, pas.^od April 22, 1693. The episcopal press in 
 Lumber Street, issued, last year, 440,325 copies of eacrcd writ, 
 with 19,250 prayer-books. The salary of a bishop, who has no 
 patronage, is £700 per ann. ; that of cotmtry clergymen from £30 
 t;) iil50. Thoy praj* in their churches for Congress and the Pres- 
 ident. The bishops, assisted by tiieir clergy and certain lay dep. 
 uties, hold a convocation triennial ly. They have 20 churches in 
 the city, possessing valuable lands, 130 in its section, with 15 dio- 
 ceses, and 550 clergy in the States. When their late primate bishop 
 Hobart travelled in Europe for his health, he was allowed $14,000. 
 The Rev. S. Provoost, of New York, was consecrated bishop of 
 the State, at London, b} the archbishop of Canterbur}', on Feb. 4, 
 1787. An American clergyman cannot retain even a curacy in 
 England; butan English divine, after a year's residence, can hold 
 preferment in the States. The longest stationed pastor is the Rev. 
 Dr, Perkins, of West Hertford, Ct. now 87, who has been set- 
 tled therein 63 vears : he has delivered 4000 written, and 3000 ex- 
 tempore sermons. He graduated at Princetou in 1769, with Tho- 
 mas .fefterson, ex-president. The sur or head church is St. Paul 
 in the Broadway : St. Paul's church Troy, N. Y. is the best speci- 
 men of Gothic architecture in all America. The burial ground of 
 Trinity church, Mio oldest in the city, and richest endowment in tho 
 whole Union, thoQgh not an a,cre in extent, rintains more than 
 200,000 bodies. Exhumation of tho dead, for purposes of dis. 
 section, is almost unknown : the onW case coming to my know. 
 
 H 
 
52 
 
 JIOTEi ON CAltADl 
 
 Jedge, was of a medicnl student at Burlington, Vermont, wljo, being 
 discovered, was sentenced to tlircc years' imprisonment, and a fine 
 of $500 : the highest mulct is ,«? 1,000, and incarceration for 10 yrs, 
 115. The American Episcopal Methodists, who first appeared 
 there circa 55 years since, have 400,000 regis-tored members, 2,000 
 stated ministers, and 1,0" travelling preachers. A recent Mission, 
 ary collection in one ol their chapels at New Tork, produced 
 J£1,000. The levied and acquired revenues of the religious deno- 
 minations in America, fully equal those of the English establish- 
 ment. Dr. D wight adopted Dr. V/atts' psalms and hymns, in 1800, 
 to Ami^rican Methi»dism. They have a university at Middleton, 
 and many theological institutions in the Union. Their bock estab- 
 lishment in Crosby Street New York, employs 30 presses and 400 
 men. When their ministers are paid in kind, that is with domestic 
 articles in lieu of money, which is done by their members assem- 
 bling with tea, colTee, tlour, etc. this is called a spinning visit. The 
 last revolution in France has been favorable to Methodism : there 
 being three cha|>els of this persuasion now in Paris ; besides 100 
 priests having been converted from the Gallic church, since the de- 
 thronement of Charles X. Baptists, mcluding their nine branches, 
 comprise 4,000 ministers; Presbyterians nearly a thousand, whilst 
 other seceders, who are numerous, vary considerably in their num- 
 bers. The Friends, although a former Massachuse'*^* law awarded 
 the penalty of death to the crime of being a Quaker, have now 500 
 meeting houses in the states. 116. Ti»e Catholics verge upon a 
 million; with 320 priests, 10 vicars-general, 11 bishops, and an 
 archbishop. They have also 10 colleges, 28 convents, 38 establish- 
 ments for education, and 16 orphan asylums : in the exercise of 
 their faith they make no distinction : the slave and his master being 
 companions in prayer at the altar of their God. Seeing that the 
 Protestants of America make so unholy a separation, (see note 8) 
 can it therefore be surprising that Catholicism should be advancing? 
 They make no periodical display of converts, but are silently em- 
 bodying and filling up their ranks. The ministers of all persuasions 
 in America, amount to 1 1,900. In a list, now lost, and which cost 
 me much labor to compile. I have enumerated 1 ,000 sects into 
 which the Christian world is divided: many Americans, bewilder- 
 ed by thp;„ never-ending creeds, ultimately take refuge in that of 
 the Roman. No religious test is here required ou accepting, or 
 holding office : there is no ecclesiastical court. 
 
 117. The steamboat New Orleans, launched at Pktsburgh, in 
 1811, first navigated the western waters. Capt. Shrieve, in 1817, 
 made a trip by steam, from New Orleans to Louioville — 1,400 miles 
 — in 25 days, till then ordinarily requiring ,hree months, but now 
 performed in spvcn d!»ys. The current of the Mississippi is so rapid, 
 that ships, '.hough 30 days la ascending to New Orleans, will, with 
 a light breeze, floaty down in 12 hours. A party of ladies and 
 
i:«D TJIE V5iTED ITXTKi. 
 
 53 
 
 
 gentlemen will often take a trip, in a stcanier, of 900 miles. From 
 St. Louis, for instance, up to thu Falls of St. Anthony, ivherc, on a 
 bluff, or heiplit, is an American garrison of 300 men. Western 
 steamboats clear themselvea the first year of running : their best 
 pilots receive >i; 150 monthly. H^- Capt, Shrieve's snag boat, 
 
 the Heliopolis, is employed to remove obstructions in the rivers of 
 the west. It is a double steamboat, united at the bows by an im- 
 nionse beam, and cost $27,000. The boatmen call it " Uncle Sam's 
 tooth. puller." Snag., and sawyers, arc large frees blown or fallen 
 from a bank, sunk in the river Avith their tops d.iwn stream, and 
 their roots embedded iit the bottom. If not seen and avoided in 
 time, they prove fatal to shipping. Planters are trees in a similar 
 position, but (irmly fixed, without motion. 
 
 119. This summer, a steamboat plied from Luzerne co. which 
 on arriving at Iloiidayshurg, then, with its freight of emigrants and 
 goods, took the rail road across the inountain on cars, and was 
 launched again into the canal at Johnstown ! To show the destruc- 
 tion to which American steamboats are liable, of 182 that commenced 
 running afi:'rJuly l'^:^! — 06 v, ere worn out; 37 snagged; 16 burn- 
 ed ; 3 run down ; r> stove in by ice, sand bins, and rocks ; and 30 
 destroyed by causes not exactly known. All this within a 3?ear — 
 since breaking up of the ice in 1^31, to the fiill in the ;;amo year, 
 28 steamboats were destroyed on the western rivers alone. The 
 number plying on these waters, independ^Mit of 4,000 tlat bouts, art* 
 about 340, though but one on?y in 1814. it is estimated that 1,500 
 persons have been lost, during the last three years, by accidents on 
 board steamboats. Congress, in consequence, contemplate passing 
 penal enactments tor their betti^r regulation. Two rxvera in Ame- 
 rica have improperly the same name, viz. the St. Joseph, which, 
 flowing south, enters the Mauinoe ; the other west, and joins Lake 
 Michigan. In the rear of many lakes and rivers, are steppes, or 
 abrupt elevations of land, which, at some remote period, must hav« 
 formed their original banks. 
 
 120. Salt being now manufactured in America, is reduced 
 from $12 to 30 cents per bushel. Before its introduction, sugar 
 was eaten with meat, to correct its putrescency : hence probably 
 the origin of sweet apple sauce with pork and goose ; and currant 
 jelly with hare and venison, Mhich, to avoid the game laws, are im- 
 plied, at the hotels in London, under the name of Ii.Gn, Their prin- 
 cipal salt works are atSalinaco., IS\ Y. The covmtvy abounds with 
 salt licks — because animals lick the earth to obtain its salt. Bay 
 salt, by the process of evaporation, is extracted from sea water, 
 350 gallons making a bushel, whilst the Salina requires but 45. 
 In 1802 a mountain of rock salt, SO miles long was discovered in 
 the Missouri Territory. It pays a home duty of 12^ cents per 
 bushel. America has immense beds of coal, and the sooner it is 
 substituted for wood the better ; being far cheaper and more whol«- 
 
f 
 
 54 
 
 NOTES ON CANADA 
 
 some. Since its introduction to London the plague, before fre- 
 quent, has never visited that capital. A penny-worth of tar or ro- 
 sin water will saturate a tub of coal with triple its quantity of bit. 
 umen, the principle of light and heat. America has very little 
 bituminous mineral. New York expends $2,600,000 yearly in tiring. 
 
 121. As the woods and bush of America disappear, its climate 
 necessarily improves. Coal imported thither from New Brunswick 
 pays 8s, 9d. a chaldron duty. Liverpool coal, brought in ballast, 
 is $10 per chaldron, and 6 cents per bushel duty. A ton or 33 bush- 
 els of anthracite coal w ill go as far as 6 load of hard wood. It is 
 so abundant on the Ohio, as to sell for 4 cents per bushel . the last 
 meeting of whose legislature was chiefly employed in discussing 
 the questions — if $3 or $4 should be awarded for every wolf 
 brought in from the wood, or whether the members should sit with 
 their hats on or off, 
 
 122. The sisters of Charity, founded by St. Vincent of Paul, 
 in 1646, were. introduced to America. 1809, by Mrs. Seaton of New 
 York, wherein there are two societies, and fifteen others throughout 
 the Union. In Phihidelphia, containing three, they were of ines- 
 timable service during a visitation of the cholera: its amiable mem- 
 bers hastening to relieve those horrors, from the dread of which all 
 Qthers fled. The snmllness of the hands and ears, of many of those 
 most excellent ladies, whom I saw, would almost persuade me that 
 they were of noble blood ; it being not only proverbial so to distin- 
 i^uish their possessors, but they have been recently admitted in the 
 evidence of pedigree. During the visitation of Cholera at New 
 Y^ork — wherein consumption is the jrevaibng disease — 150,000 per- 
 sona left the city, nevertheless, full 12,000 fell victims : but its hea- 
 viest visitation was among the American soldiery employed against 
 the Indians. Quacks pretending to cure this horrible scourge by 
 the application of hot baths, were on that account, called steam 
 doctors. A tradesman in the Broadway, closing his shop, put this 
 notice on his shutters : 
 
 Not Cholera sick, nor Cholera dead, 
 But through fear of Ike Cholera — fled, 
 Will soon return, v?hen Cholera's o'er. 
 If from the fright he should recover. 
 
 The Marine hospital, Quarantine and Health establishment — found- 
 ed by Dr. Bayley, who died by contagion in 1801 — are at Castleton, 
 Staten Island, 9 miles from the city. Dr. Westervelt, the principal 
 health officer has $5000 a year, with a house and perquisites. In- 
 oculation for the small pox, was first introduced into America by 
 Dr. Boylesion, of Boston, on June 27, 1721. Staten Island, con- 
 taining an arei of fifty square miles, has the most variegated land- 
 scapes on the Atlantic coast of the States. 
 
 128. A notice put up by the corporation at Fulton market 
 place, bos an esifteatial letter omitted, which, considering that, by 
 
 (^Kd:p:. 
 
AND TUK UNITED STATES. 
 
 0,) 
 
 some, tlwH is logarJed as demfinslrafive of character, I wonder has 
 not been corrorttd. A poculiariiy which I observed in divers parts 
 of the towt). Aho rojtictiiig some oortion of a j)ririci[>:il word in 
 a sign b:iarci, as *' Joliusou's feed ware'e." which is u slovenly 
 Way of doing things, ar»d shnuUI be avoided. 
 
 I'i4. 'j'he frequency of iire in New York, is equalled only at 
 Oonstuntinuple ; averaging 140 a ytnir, >vhich aro 100 more than in 
 London. 'J'he ftre engines are 40, and their operatives, not using 
 horses, 1270. Natives allege that it is not always accidental. The 
 fire-hose companies were introduced by Dr. Franklin. There are 
 40 master sweeps, with 2 hoys to each. Whilst hero, two females 
 lost their lives by their clothes taking fire: to prevejit this, a bene 
 ficed clergyman of my acquaintance, will not allow his lady to dress 
 in any other but a silk gown. 125. When the roads are out of 
 condition, excepting turnpike, or those of cordero\, id. <;st. trunks 
 of trees laid transversely, brother Jonathan 'doughs thenj uj>, and 
 after harrowing, then leaves them as finished. When a road through 
 the wood is first made, every fifth tree, of-which there are 1^1 spe- 
 cies in North America, is cut with an axe, as a guide to travellers : 
 this is called blazing. The cheaper and more expeditions mode of 
 travelling by canal, is a decided i?icubus upon improvement in roads : 
 although New York state has 202 Incorporated Turnjuke, with 87 
 Bridge companies. 120. 'J'he agtic is prevalent: it makes its 
 appearance by irregular fits of heat and cold, and is peculiar to the 
 climate. If once taken, you are always subject to it. It approa- 
 ch 13 upon htimid, nmrky days, never in (hose of frost, or clear cold 
 ones. To guard against it, suitable clotl'.ing must be tised ; whilst 
 sudden transitions from heat to cold, late hours, and night air, should 
 be carefully avoided. 
 
 127. There ire 56 Lottery offices in the city : each pays a tax 
 of $250 a year : their exterior corresponds with those that former. 
 ly prevailed in London. Tickets are ^0 each : the lowest prize is 
 $7, and the highest $25,000. Its last victitn was a Mr. Akers of 
 Boston, who seven months only before his suicide, embezzled $17,000 
 every cent of which was lost in the Lottery. Fund.-; for purposes 
 of piety, benevolence, education, and the state, are commonly raised 
 by means of a lottery. 128. Pending the misunderstanding be- 
 
 tween South Carolina and the States, during my stay in America, 
 the former wished for a supply of arms, and for that purpose ap. 
 plied to Mr. Pomeroy of Pittsfield, a manufacturer of mu.skets, wlic* 
 sold them a large lot, thrown by for years as unsaleable, fbrs'20,000. 
 " This, adds the editor of the Boston Post, is Yankee to the back- 
 bone." 
 
 129. The first newspaper in America — which, accordint* to 
 Tacitus, were, under the name of J«*rn«, circulated amongst the 
 Romans so early as the year 00 — was the News letter, publislied at 
 Boston in 1704, but discontinued in 1776 : it printed books previ. 
 
5C 
 
 KOTira ox CAItADA 
 
 ously in 1G76, ni)d i* considered more literary than any other in 
 the thiion, A jcw<jller thereof lately recoved a piuccl, contain- 
 ing; a gold watch, throiigli tlie post, accompanied by this letter : 
 ** 'V\)Q enclosed watch was stolon from you, and the money herein 
 (•$6.) is the interest on its price since it was taken. — Consciences'^ 
 The names over tlio doors of two adjoinini: int:rchanl.s, in this town, 
 read thus ' James ShxA' and ' Jonathan Fell ' Whilst one of its 
 tradesmen, during the revolutionary war. p icardcd the front of 
 liis store " Sold liere cook'd stockings for niggurs, with leather 
 breeches and othar succf meats. ^' 
 
 130. Tlic receipts of the American treasury, during her 
 last war with England, were $98,042,309, of which, however, 
 $45,172,581 were loans; and expenditurr; for the same period 
 (3 years) »S 100,01 7,557. Amount of her domestic produce (sur- 
 pluss) during 18'JO, was nearly -iJOi', 000,000 , now much oncreased. 
 Tons of shipping at that period 1,308,127 ; wJiich the city of \ew 
 York alone now re(|uires — vide note 25 — and sailors of all grades 
 upwards of 100,000. 13i. The following extract from the 
 
 minutes of the = omniiltee of superintendance for the relief of the 
 Cape de Verd sulTorers, holding their meetings at Philadidphia, is 
 nn unparalleled instance of human misory. "The population of the 
 8 Islands consisled. in 1831, of 84,460 persons, of whom died by 
 slarvation, in 1831, at St. Thiago 3,500; at Antao 10,000 ; in St. 
 Nichoion 2000 ; and in tiio remainder of the Islands 15,000 ! ma- 
 king a totiil of 30,500 ! ! !" 
 
 132. The Arcade baths in Chambers and Elm streets, con- 
 taining 80 rooms, and a noble hall 150 feet long, is altogether a 
 superior affair, rivalling any similar establishment in Europe. The 
 physicians of New York exceed 500, — atid above 2,500 in its state 
 — which are 300 more than thos«^ of London. Their medical men, 
 who have 18 schools, are all doctors, the inferior degree of sur- 
 geon, as in Canada, not being recognised. The word sick is a uni- 
 versal term for serious or slig'it indisposition. Quacks have the 
 sole management of the arcus scahrei (itch insect) resembling a 
 mole in shape, it is thus enabled to burrow under the cuticle. Able 
 representatives of our Solomons, Jordans, and Taylors abound in 
 the city and suburbs. As usual they undertake all things but nam- 
 ing their patients — for why? — those few that were once so, being' 
 gone, as a consequence, to the tomb of the capulets, 
 
 133. The scarcity of cash isscmsibly felt, by mec'ianics, who 
 are seldom, if ever, paid in full : those of whom I enquired had, 
 to a man, considerable claitns on their employers. Wages, though 
 higher than in England — a street sweeper receiving eight York 
 shilling«s per day — yet are materially reduced by the ingenious 
 mode of saving labor ; as thus, in constructing a road, they first 
 loosen the earth, then with a machine, not unlike a plough, hav. 
 ing a large receiver, and drawn by horses, remove, at once, a full 
 
 I 
 
AND TUB CM TED ■iATE*. 
 
 ot 
 
 cartload. Certain writers in ililalinj? upon vvapes, say a mec'nanic 
 IN paiu eight shillings a day in America, and /jc^ Hhillin^s in (.'ana- 
 da: omiuui;,' to add, that a York or American sliilling ih 7iU, and 
 Ihal both paymenis arc (hcret'orc aldio. 'I'his sort of trick has been 
 played oli in various wa)-?! upon Anioriran allairs. The dusatlected 
 stalt,' their grievaiicea in dollars, but re|.;nlarly pocket thrir benetita 
 in pcurJ^. 1^4. In tlie Ur(»ad\vay, I one niornin;,' read on the door 
 post of two tailors, the ■5i;^niMcant names of 7V//-u/j, and AV/Vc/i;''*:;. 
 And goin^ down I'earl-Hireot, heard a gentlemen ask a lahortr his 
 name; ' Tlie same as my father's', was the reply ; ' And what is 
 his?' enquired t fie <reiu, ' Same as mine,' returned i he man ; 'Then 
 what are both your names .'' pursued {he querist, - iJoth alike,' was 
 the answer. 
 
 130. Many American fowns being environed by mounlainj*, 
 are .sjubject to iVcshets ; hence, on the arrival of a steamboat at its 
 destination, it is sometimes obliged to be secured to a tree ! the town 
 itvseif being porndventure underwater. IJi^jier Canada is happiiy 
 removed from these land floods. 130. The weather n as oilen 
 
 lertiant, during winter, as in IJritish Vmerica, recorded further ou 
 in note '215, I'M. I admire most of their streets ; that of Court, 
 
 landt is named after Van Courtlandt, who has a large landed estate 
 near Sing Sing, but cann(»t say so much for all of them ; no city 
 in the universe can claim such pre-eminenco. Their watchtnen, 
 in lieu (;f calling ilie hciur, strike three slow blows on a post, which 
 are answered by the next in rotation, [n cases re<{uiring their aid, 
 these blows are repeated quickly, and they immediately congregate 
 for action. There are 540 in the city, who each receive a d»)l!ar 
 per night. High as is the price for all kinds of labor, still, a lew 
 years back, betore the encreased population, it was twice as much. 
 
 138. In Hol)okcn near New York, the farms, mostly belonging 
 to the original Dutch settlers, have each a particular spot set apurt 
 as a burial [)lace f(jr the occupants. In Virginia and .Maryland, they 
 are usually surrounded by locust ac.d cypress trees. The Dutch 
 clergy in the vicinity of the city, still rclain their original aj)pella- 
 Uon o\^ Domijiie ; the greetings of this people are the most affec- 
 lionate of any known. A D.iichmau ou horseback is easily rccog. 
 nised, for if the animal oHend him, he, ui a great passion, calls 
 him an Arminian. 
 
 139. A press. man may walk into a printing odice, many in 
 New York employ a hundred hands, and look about without being 
 thought intrusive. If he perceive much business going forward, 
 lie has only to observe, 'I see you are full of work, do you want 
 help?' — to be then put on. This applies generally. The first li- 
 terary production of the Euglis'i colonists in America, was by 
 George Sandys, of Virginia, in 1023, being a tran^^Iation of Ovid's 
 Metamorphosis. First paper in New Yor,\ was printed by William 
 Bradford. Printing was introduced to America in 16^), and for 
 
58 
 
 worns ON Canada 
 
 02 ye^rs ufier, tlinre were hut four presses in tlio whole Union : it 
 lluuri*ihe!j must in IMiihuhiiphiii. Printers du not succeed mo wel', 
 in the Stules, as brewers, because these work for the stomach, and 
 those Cor the head; and where twenty men havo a slonmrh, not 
 tno'o than one has a head. A con)positor in general otlicrjs re- 
 ceives fitiT weekly ; hut in diurnal ones higher: see nolo 27. They 
 obtain 815 weekly in New Orleans, which, if consenting to remain 
 three or more years, vvill be encreui^ied ad injinitum : granted that 
 the sickly season often predominates, but it is the excesses of the 
 table which makes it alarming. 1 have seen many individuals who, 
 ttft^r a residence of four years, have left it with fortunes. 
 
 140. Within a short distance of N. Y. is a fork of land called 
 the brothers, sejiaratcd by an inlet of the soa, exactly alike, and 
 upon each is a house inhabited : hence this piece of transatlantic 
 wit, " There are two brothers living hard by, who, though oppo. 
 site neighbour.'', have never yet been known to speak to each 
 other." It you discover this per se, you arc pronounced n smart 
 man. It ha* been said that there are no beggars in the town, 
 which is a mistake, as I encountered many ; and one day saw a men. 
 dicant brought before the magistrates, who, on examination, had 
 upon his person $2,8'25 in notes ! And an Italian, with a hand 
 organ and monkey, acknowledged to have realized, in a provincial 
 tour, $800. 141. Twelve of the city pawnbrokers, whose rates 
 
 of interest, regulated after the New York Lombard Association, in 
 Try-on street, are 15 r>er ceni, under $oO, and 7 do. above 8500. 
 Advanced, last year, ^108,000 upon o50,0tJ0 pledges, including 
 120,000 garm'jnis, wi'.li 10,000 sheets, blankets and counterpanes; 
 sad evidence of great distress amongst its operatives, or, after 
 the new term, uorkies. 
 
 142. There are none of those unpleas.inl riders to your bill, 
 a largess to servants. The first person, in England, who discoun- 
 tenanced vads, was the celebrated earl of Chesterfield. Jonathan's 
 innkeepers are j)rogre8sing towards high charges : those kept by 
 New Englanders, are proverbially better than others conducted by 
 Southerns or \V»!.sterns. One would imagine that the projec- 
 tor vif his hotel and tavern bars, had either, of himself, been fa- 
 miliar with a public one, else the builder of a tollbooih, from their 
 close resemblance to those m a prison. 
 
 143. In the same boarding house with myself, was an English 
 gentleman, who, in December 1832, had made a pedestrian tour 
 (a sure way to know the country and its wants) from Montreal, 
 Lower Canada, to New York, America. lie every where found 
 the husbandman and mechanic loudly called for, and much unbro- 
 ken ground for ihe minister and teacher. 'J'he whole course of 
 hiaj(jurney was one of hospitable kindness; travelling upwards of 
 u thousand miles, without expending a single cent. 
 
 * 
 
 J 
 
AMI) TIIK UMTKD ST.\ TF.i. 
 
 J9 
 
 144. '• Dl:incr at h pant 12 o'clock ; hnunling and ludirjr.rr |,v 
 tlio nu'til, day, wr.-k or niontli," is n rommnn placard iij thu Ititsi. 
 iiesa parts of Now York. 'J'htir standinn dishrs aro roaslml |jc»M', 
 boef steaks, poultiv and pork : to me, tlie great o^joctioM to an 
 AnitTicuii niual, is ifa eternity of Hwoets, and cvurlastin^' display of 
 jrriinse. Tlicy arc uxcecdingly rapid at their repast-i: in many 
 liouses, especially .schools, not longer than ten inimUea ; one very 
 strong apology for their polar figures. Switehet, vinegar and water 
 mixed m ith tnoliis.ses, is a liivourite beverage in hot Mcather. At 
 each of their meals, moats, and paslr), tea and colfcc, in the pro. 
 vinces, with wafH(!S, crucllers, dough nuts, sweet cakes, gingerbread, 
 and qnantities of preserved friiii are served up. which discolor and 
 ruin the teeth : hence the saying — two things are rarely seen in New 
 York, goo«l teeth, and a green old age. Europeans who lollow this 
 abuse (tf the t.ibh?, are subject to repletion, which brings on disease, 
 -and freqiu'ntiy, premature death. 145. Mr. Head, proprietor of 
 
 llio Mansion-house hotel, INiiladelphia — America has no piihlir 
 houses — extends his dinners to throe conrsrs, occupying one hour; 
 but before the third course, his Ainepieau guests, so inveterate ix 
 habit, invariably clear out. Their larder?, ifi sumir.er. are preserved 
 in large wttodeu chests, havit;g doifblo sides, three inclies a|)art, 
 Jilted with closely. wedged charcoal ; a drawer at thebottons is filled 
 with ice, and wire shelves su^'pended within, on whicii the provi. 
 Kions are placed. Sassafras thoriAighfare in Philadelphia, is cu'led, 
 for shortness, Jiace. street, which, considering tiiat Pennsylvur:ia, 
 of all other states, is the most hostile to a racecourse, is not a littlo 
 remarkable. In a cave amongst the blurts near this city, Messrs, 
 Whaltey and (lofFee, two of the regicide judges upon Charles I. 
 eluded the search of the colonists, and finallv died unmolested. 
 In hotels and inns, tea and coffee arc brought in ready mode, not 
 in the chest or canister. 146. Brother Jonathan undersells us 
 in the article of Mocha cofiee ; whilst he sells it at .€7, per cwf. 
 our India Compan} charges £10 . America consurr.cs 1. '3,000 tons 
 of cofiee annually; England 10,000, the Netherlands 40,000, and 
 Europe collectively 127.000 tons. Jonathan beats even the Chinese 
 ill the price of tea, for Twankey which, at Canton, sells for lid. 
 per lb. an .\merican, by trading, will enable the Hamburghers to 
 drink at 7Jd. : upwards of 8,371,040 lbs. were imported into tho 
 States, last year, paying a duty of ^1,201,600. 
 
 147. Hoods or calashes are univfjrsally worn by the ladies of 
 New York, and closely copied by their mai<ls ; caps, here indica- 
 tive of an European, are, l)y general consent, discarded by both. 
 Those of seal skin for gentlemen are, in form and fashion, the most 
 outre imaginable. American females, generally .^peaking, are treated 
 with much courtesy. 148. The best beaver bats, and in largo 
 quantities, are mndo at Readitig, IMassachusetts, wlierein, and New 
 England generally, two million Palm leaf hats are tuamifacturei-i 
 
 i 
 
60 
 
 NOTDS 05 CANADA 
 
 yearly, and sold through the Union, at f 3, per dozen. The old 
 crowns only of English beaver hats, will rcadiiv obtain Os. each at 
 N. York. There are 100 hat stores in the city : by the introduction of 
 machinery, hals formerly aclUng at $10 each, are now to be bought 
 for f 4. Messrs. Hunt, Dclaticey street, lately n»ade a beaver hat, 
 for the manager of the American Institute, tor which they were 
 paid $25, An American never brushes his hat or coat, and seldom, 
 if ever, his hair. The entcrior of his hat being the travelling trunk 
 of a Yankee, well accounts for his being round shouldered. 
 
 149. The city is lighted with (ias ; but its rays are somewhat 
 akin to those of a tenpenny dip in a London fog : which I suppose 
 arises from some defect in the burners, or intrusting their manage- 
 ment to improper hands. First public display of gas in England, 
 was in Messrs. Boulton and Watts' foundry at Birmingham, in 1802. 
 Wine corks, oatmeal, and indigo for domestic uses, fetch high prices. 
 
 150. I one day met a Gipsey in the Broadway, but from her 
 embrowned complexion, being taken for a squaw, she did not excite 
 much attention. 1 found that she was from the Weald of Kent, 
 wherein I had spent many happy days, and that her visit to Ame- 
 rica was part cunosjly, and part tributary : she was accompanied 
 by her family. This singular race is now confined to Europe, and 
 number hard upon a million. They are most numerous in Ger- 
 many, wh.^re they first appeared about the 16.'.: century. Opinions, 
 as to their origin between the Egyptians and Hmdoos, are about 
 divided. Attempts were made, in 15.'i0, to dislodge them from Eng- 
 land ; France in lo60, and Spain 1591, but without success. 
 
 151. A suspicion of witchcraft first began at Springfield in 
 Massachusetts circa 1645 ; which m 1650, so far increased, in this 
 and adjoining states, as to carry many to the stake : sweeping oflf 
 in its melancholy course, some also of its worthiest citizens. It 
 commenced in the family of one John Goodman, a mason, and ori. 
 ginated from the irregular desires of his eldest daughter, practising 
 upon the easy credulity of a Calvanistic minister. In this neigh- 
 bourhood alone thirty fell victims, before the supine authorities saw 
 fit to step in and arrest the demoniacal torrent. Woburn, in thia 
 state, gave birth to James Wright, son v( a Kentish farmer, the 
 most successful settler in all Canada, who, in 1800, passed thence 
 to British America, and founded the township of Hull, on the Ot- 
 tawa. The value of his farms, stock and property thereon, is es- 
 timated at £100,000. 
 
 152. Of the many consuls which America sends to other 
 countries, two only have a stated allowance ; those in London and 
 Paris, each of whom receives $2000, per annum. The compensa- 
 tion to others arises from certain fees, granted by act of Congress, 
 that, being commercial, are of uncertain amount. Their ministers 
 to Foreign courts receive $9000, with an outfit to the same amount. 
 They send 183 ministers, consuls, and commercial ngents to Fo- 
 
 ; 
 
 i 
 
 i^ 
 
AND TUF. UNITED STATES. 
 
 61 
 
 TC:lgn powers : 42 ministers and consuls, from other states, reside in 
 the Union. 
 
 153. The Southern states are Virginia, (its now deserted set. 
 tlement of Jamestown was formed, by Captain Newport, in 1607.) 
 which, for .-^ome time, denoted all North America : North and South 
 Carolina : Florida — which produces the American live oak for their 
 navy, witl) quantities of sugar, 12001bs. being raised from an acre, 
 and 20 slaves necessary for working 100 acres — Alabama ; Mis- 
 sissippi ; Louisiana ; and Georgia, the legislature of which, in a 
 recent sitting, passed 190 acts ! one of them imposes a fine of JB500, 
 on any white who teaches one of the colored population to read or 
 write' North Carolina was first located in 1710; amongst these 
 settlers was a Mrs. Elizabeth Trantham, who, afterwards passing 
 into Maury county, Tennessee state, died there Jan. 10, 1834, at 
 the astonishing age of 154 ! She bore her first and only child at 
 the age of sUiy.five ! who is now living. Vide note 20J). Emi. 
 grants of regular habits are better able to endure the changes of the 
 climate, and are known to live longer than the aboriginees them- 
 selves. The travellers and population of the Southern and Western 
 state, are armed with daggers, either on their persons, or in their 
 canes. 
 
 154. Hospitality south of the Potomac, has become proverbial. 
 In the middle states, a wtmlthv farmer vvill direct a traveller to the 
 nearest inn, but in the South, he will welcome him heartily to his 
 own house. A South Carolinian dislikes mutton, calling it, con- 
 temptuously, sheep^s meat. In this region formerly lived an inha- 
 bitant by the name of Lynch who, as an arbiter of differences 
 amongst his neigbours, gave such general satisfaction, as to origi- 
 nate liie term of Lynctis law, now applied to summary justice. 
 
 155. Fall 100 miles East and West in Alabama, and 40 from 
 Nort.h and South, is esteemed the garden of North America, The 
 Southern boundary here commences.. It was admitted into the 
 Union in 1819. Before even leaves appear in the Northern stales, 
 their inliabitants arc supplied with fruit, green peas, etc. from those 
 of the South. 
 
 156. Phillips' incorporated academy at Aiidovcr, is very flour- 
 ishing ! his other at Exeter is endowed with !ii>80,000, partly appro, 
 priated to indigent scholars : and Bacon academy at Colchester, 
 with another of #30,000. Virginia appropriates !$5()0,000 to schools : 
 the first christian marriage in America took place in this vState, 1608, 
 between John Laydon and .Ann Burras; the streets in its town of 
 Wilhamsburgh, were laid out, in 1098, in the form of a W, in 
 honour of King William. In its orphan assylum at Charleston, 
 having a statue to the great lord Chatham, the town ministers of 
 ten denominations, officiate alternately. IVrany of its houses are so 
 splendid as to b«^ valued at !i550,Ot)0 each. The black servants in 
 hotels are not allowed bod'it, but sleep, without \mdre'i,siiig, in the 
 
65J 
 
 SOTIvS 01 CA>ADA 
 
 pasrnigcs (if tliu house. The city .-ibouruls in iiiagnincent equipages, 
 wiih heraldic cinbluzonnifjiitis aiiti rich liveries, und, ut night, is pa- 
 trolletl by liioldiery. A JMr. Noycs is the founder of Andovor aca- 
 demy, New Hampshire. At PI.uuHeld is an Institution for the gra- 
 tuitous iaslfuctioa ot" voung ministers. The first theological insti- 
 tution waa opened at Andovcr, Massachusetts, in 1808, und has 
 been endowed, by six families only, with ^SoOjOOO, exclusive of 
 their late president. Dr. Porter, with ^15,000 mote. The six prin- 
 cipui are IJangor, Auburn, Princeton, New Drunswick, witii the 
 cities of New Vork an(i Washington : there arc 24 others. First 
 assylum for the deaf ami dumb, was established at Hertford, in 
 lbl7. 157. The qualifications for admission into the theological 
 
 establishments, are a knowledge of English grammar, arithmetic, 
 and somethmg ol' the classics. The term of study is four years: 
 two vacations annually, and 4 weeks each. Everj' student pays 
 $220 per annum : in Union college, vSchenectady, $140; but in 
 Quebec college, Lower Canada, averaging 220, £20 only the 
 year round, anci but £17 lOs. if absent at the vacations. Average 
 number of collegiate students in the United States, is as one to 
 every 3300 inhabitants. 
 
 108. An American, in speakitig of a provincial town, will of- 
 ten add — 'It 1ms two or three villages in it,' — which, to an English- 
 man sounds odd enough ; but ;; town — properly township — in 
 America, is six square miles, or 53840 acres of land, though some- 
 times of much larger extent — the smallest in Canada, is 35,000 
 acres — which, as they are not all wimted i'or tlu^ town itself, are 
 occasionally lotted out in villages : as the town of Fairfield in 
 Connecticut, which has within it, the f(Hir villages of Greenfield 
 Hill, Mill river, Green's farm, and Faidield. Worthington, Con- 
 necticut, rhough sometimes disj)uted by its other town Meriden, 
 is the chief manufactory for tin ware. The best cn>cible and pan 
 clay, is found at Rutland, Vermont : in the centre of the town is a 
 high hill, on which is a pleasant village, containing the country 
 buildings. 159. The sittings of the American Antiquarian So- 
 
 ciety, are held at Worcester, 40 miles from Boston, (whose first 
 store was opened in lt)34,) in a building of considerable extent, 
 liaving a library and cabinet of sonif; magnimde. The term Anti- 
 quarii was originally bestowed t)n the monks, because, before print, 
 ing was invented, they were employed in iiiaking new copies out of 
 o/<f books ; at this period, 1274, the price of a small bible, neatly 
 ■written, was £30, being £5 more than the charge for building two 
 arches to the old London bridge. 
 
 160. During the residence of a friend at Detroit, capital of 
 Michigan Territory — settled by the C'anadian French in 1083 — two 
 I'itiglishmen, travelling for information, pat up at the Mansion House 
 hotel. Conversing with some others, on what Americans call the 
 gallery of the house, they were jf)ined by Major \\ , an inllucn- 
 
 ! 
 
 I 
 
f 
 
 AND THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 {y.\ 
 
 I 
 
 lial resident ; vhoti thinking, like inany ot" his coiiulrymcii, tliat lo 
 mitilead the Hinglish woiild be a capital joke, he paused, as if sud- 
 denly recollectirjg iiimself, and said hastily, " Good day, gentlemen, 
 I must now be gone, for 1 have to help my wife make soap." 1 need 
 scarcely remark that this was fudge : however, it had the desired 
 C'rt'ect, for the Englishmen stared at each other, and doubtless enter- 
 ed in their note book — ' Major B helps his wife make soap.* 
 
 161. The penitentiaries of America, the chief of which arc 
 in Baltimore, Weathersfield, and Auburn, have obtained a high de- 
 gree of eulo^^nm : by the distinguishing system of their manage- 
 inent on the labor principle, they not only support themelves. but 
 liavo u surplus income of many thousand dollars. 1G2. Rhode 
 
 Island, Narragansett l?ay — called by the nboriginees Aquitnct — 
 which gives name to the smallest of the confederated states, con- 
 faining but 5 counties and 31 towns, from it^ mild winters and tern- 
 perate summers, is the general resort of invalids, and considered 
 the Eden of America. Its public provision for schools is but tri- 
 vial ; whilst Indiana, Illinois, and Missouri have none whatever. 
 The Cotton trade is the staple commodity of the state. 
 
 163. Saratoga, N. Y. 31 miles from Albany, is distinguished 
 for the surrender of (Jen. Uurgoyne and his army lo G'en. Gates, 
 Oct. 17, 1777. The old town was divided, in 1818, into two parts, 
 the renowned battle ground, being the east part, retains the name 
 of Saratoga; but that of thfi west, containuig the mineral waters, is 
 called Saratoga Springs, Mhicli ionn the Bath of America; being 
 visited from a distance of 3,000 miles, and by as many as 1,500 
 weekly. The waters of the chief spring, there being 14, called 
 Congress, will bear bottling, and large quantities in this way are 
 sent to all Europe. 'J'hey were discovered by the Indians, and by 
 ihem made known to Sir William Johnson, who visited them and 
 was benefitted by their use, in 1767. Upo;i a large rough lime stone 
 in across walk of the village;, is the distinct impression, one inch 
 deep, of a human foot. T!ie sole amusement of the numerovis visi- 
 tants, is angling in a lake three miles disfant. Hard by is an en- 
 campment of the Oneidas, who are in the pay of the common- 
 wealth, at an annual allowance of $6 per Indian : its permanent 
 annuities to dirterent tribes are ,9109,575. The Olympian Springs 
 in Kentucky are similar to those of Saratoga. 
 
 164. Jan. 7, 1833, departed, at 5 in the afternoon, by the 
 steamboat Constitution, for Albany, The gentlemen's cabins, in- 
 cluding one for ladies, co<ilained 300 births, with a bar rented at 
 $200 per ann. It has a 'jbrary of 7'2 volumes ; the charge j)er 
 vol. a York shilling ; and a barber's shop upon deck. The steers- 
 man guides the vessel by long ro|)es nttached to the rudder, fro!>i an 
 elevated platform in the fon^end. Your baggnge, unless in <-hargc 
 of the captain, should by do nieans be out of sight. 10."». 'IMio 
 banks of the Hudson — discovrrcd Sc|»t. 3. 1000, by dipt. Hudson, 
 
 I 
 
NOTES 0\ CANADA 
 
 an Englishman, whose original portrait is in the City Hall, New 
 York — are uoll calculated to excife attention. By the Indians it 
 If? called the Great River of th<.' Mountains. It has not been frozen 
 over, as formerly, for many years past, which proves the wiutern 
 to be less severe. In a vallc\ bordering the Hudson, on a well 
 cultivated farm of 500 acres, resides a descendant of Oliver Crom- 
 well. We arrived at Albany, a distance of 100 miles,^ by ten the 
 next morning. Fare $2. There is no steerage in a steamboat. 
 Some boats, in this line, will often take 1,000 persons per trip. 
 She requires $60 worth of wood for the run, which if against tide 
 is increased to $96. A cord of hickory or maple, will outlast hearly 
 three of pine ; and coal, wiuch takes less room, goes three times 
 as far as wood. 
 
 166. The first steamboat voyage on the Hudson, or in the 
 world, M\'xs projected by Fulton, 1807, in the Clermont of 160 tons, 
 Bouiton & Watt, of Birmingham, supplying the engine. The first 
 from America 10 England was in 1819: first constructed in the lat- 
 ter country, in 181-2, by Henry Bell of Glasgow. Robart Fulton 
 of New York, though not the originator of steam, was the first in 
 America who directed its power to the propelling boats. He died 
 sn 1815. A steam- wagon is now running in Massachusetts : its 
 proprietors intend to make it load, unload, and keep its own account 
 of luggage. The introduction of productive power, through the 
 agency of steam, is equal to the incredible amount of 600,000,000 
 li.i>orers. 
 
 167. One of the chief attractions on this route is Hyde Park, 
 the seat and domain of Dr. Hosack, who was educated in Edin- 
 burgh, the Sir Joseph Banks of America, whose town residence is 
 in Vesey Street, New York : from its delightful scenery, beautiful 
 pleasure grounds, and extensive plantations, it is truly unrivalled. 
 His botanic garden, 4 miles from New York, was bought by the 
 state for $70,000, and, in 1814, presented to Columbia College. 
 
 168. Albany, capital of New York state, takes its name from 
 James, D*>ke of York and Albany, brother to Charles I. It ha.i a 
 senate house, the usual public offices, and 25,000 inhabitants. Here- 
 in resides perhaps the wealthiest landed proprietor in the whole 
 Union, V^an Rerisellear, th^ Patroon of Albany, a term equivalent 
 to our Lord of the Manor : his imrnonse estate, 12 miles square. 
 is entailed, and is the only one of the kind in all America. Albany 
 is well situated for trade : the canal tolls paid here often amount to 
 $3,000 daily : those at Buftalo were $73,767 last year. The Erie 
 canal — here called < nol — was at first attempted to be laug' ed 
 down, under the cognomen of The Big, and Clintons Ditch, as 
 was Fulton regarded as a visionary, for proposing to navigate the 
 Hudson by steam. This canal, beginning at Albany, is 365 miles 
 1« -.f. has 77 locks, and Mas completed in 1825, at a cost of jC3,250 
 per m. , whilst that of the Welland, (28 miles long, M'ilh 32 locks) in 
 
AND THE VNITEI) 3TATBS. 
 
 65 
 
 British America, connecting Lakes Erie and Ontario, also sur- 
 moiuiting the Falls of Niagara, not yet finished, thcuuh parliully 
 open, has already cost £113.214 per mile, atfiihutod to uuexperlcd 
 difficulties on excavating, and the knavery of contractors (from 
 America) who have decauiped with large .-ium:* dra^vn for the pay- 
 ment of the laborers, who are found i i board, and each rcceivo.sJia 
 per month wages. Its entrance is free of ice 3 weeks earlier t'tiau 
 that of Erie, and coqsequently keeps open o.s much later. Twouty 
 now vessels of the largest class are now biuldiug. on the American 
 side, foi navigating this canal. The formation of the Erie Canal 
 committed sad havoc amongst ihe European laUtrers, chiefly 
 Irish, mowing them down by hundreds, owing to the severity of 
 the work, and premature exposure to a new climate. 'J'he first Ame- 
 rican ship that navigated Lake Erie — 210 feet deep — was the De- 
 troit, purchased from the British in 1796 : this and Cliainplain ca- 
 nal cost ^10,940,443 : their tolls last year wer? $1,029,932. Tenn- 
 ylvania state has expended $30,000,000 in canals, etc. The iirst 
 great canal work in England, which has above 100 canals at a <'ost 
 of £30,000,000, was began by his Grace of Bridgewater in 1758. 
 Near Poughkeej)sie, on the Hudson, is the Quakers* principal board- 
 ing school. Their oldest one, founded by William Penn, is in IMiil- 
 adelphia, wherein, in 1782, the first English Bible was printe<l by 
 Robert Aikin. 
 
 169. The day following my arrival in Albany, upon strolling 
 through the city, famous for its ale. the annual export of which is 
 $500,000, leather and fur cap manufactories, one esiablislmient 
 alone employing 600 hands, I observed a beer dray standing in front 
 of a Mr. Usher's store. Division street, which obstructed a load of 
 hay then coming up. Whereupon the hay wagoner, who sat thero- 
 on, said to the dray horbM, '001 out of the way,' When looking 
 behind him, and seeing that he blocked up the street, the horse of 
 his own accord, moved round the corner of Division into Green St. 
 and ifler the hay had passed, backed to his former position. 
 
 170. Soon after reconnoitering a vehicle passing the canal 
 bridge, I found it contained a workshop and show room, kitchen 
 and parlour, all properly furnished; drawn by one horse, and dri- 
 veu by a travelling tinker, who, I presently discovered, by doing 
 business in this Wu,y, had acquired a competent property. Preccd- 
 ing a frost, the water is in part drawn out of cauali, to prevent rn- 
 dangering their banks on breaking up of the ice. 'J'he capitol or 
 Senate house of Albany, is small, but its portico is so large a:id 
 lofty, as to appear all porch. Here 1 first ate the American bis- 
 cuit called a water-cracker, Mhich I found excellent, size of a 
 'jrown piece, and three for a cent. In the prison of the city was 
 an impostor of most sanctimonious demeanour, who r<[»rescnting 
 himself to be St. Matthew the apostle, in that (character drew 
 largely on the pecuniary funds of bis dupes, ruining one of iheui 
 
G6 
 
 \0TE3 0\ CANADA 
 
 presently (Mr. Folgcr of New York.) Upon dt'te«^tion, a \'ery large 
 sum in gold and notes, was found conceaied aboni liis person. Iin- 
 positions of this sort hying of every day occurrence, are, compara- 
 tively, bnt little heeded. It was melancholy to observe, throughout 
 the Avholo of my journey, the utter prostration of the human intel- 
 lect, upon all subjects connected with the article of faiih. Others 
 of their teachers must, at times, bo painfully situated, as I heard 
 of an estimable newly married minister, being obliged to throw up 
 his charge, because an elder, perchance looking iu at his narlour 
 window, saw him seated by the fire, with his wife upon his knee ? 
 171. A barber's shop is known m the States, by a party-colored 
 pole at the door, which, in England, did anciently denote that he 
 also practised surgery ; whilst a pole of this sort, before a house in 
 the champaign of Lower Canada, signifies that the proprietor holds 
 a captaincy in the militia. Their shaving seats, with a moveable 
 support for the head, are a decided improvement. 'J'his operation 
 costs sixpence, and that of hair cutting, a York shilling : shops of 
 the same standing, in England, charge three halfpence for the for- 
 mer, and three pence for the latter : hence, to gentlemen of the 
 strop, this nnist needs be ihe land of promise. They are common- 
 ly kept, as in Canada, by men of color. J 72. When agricultu- 
 rists fell in my way, I in vain looked for that rusticity and agrarian 
 deportment, so strongly marking them in my own country. Almost 
 every tarmer hero has a loom in his house, whilst his wife and 
 daughters spin the yarn and manufacture the cloth. A farmer, in 
 the vicinity of Albany, from the following circumstance, goes by 
 the name of Flaxseed. On going to market, one day, he enjoined 
 his wife, if a pedlar called, not to deal with him, or she would be 
 cheated. Soon after his departure, one came, but remembering the 
 injunction, she declined purchasing. * Well, said the man, have 
 you any thing to sell, if so, I will buy it.* To this, as it was not 
 in the injimction, she consented : and bethinking her of half a bushel 
 of flax-seed, then in the house, sold it for a dollar. The pedlar 
 thereupon departed. Presently he met the farmer on his return 
 home, who accosted him with 'What have you in that sack?' 
 • Why, replied the pedlar, the remains of my Carolina flax-seed, 
 which, though scarce, I sell a dollar only per quart.' At this our 
 farmer, who prided himself on his flax crops, pricked up his ears, 
 and finally gave four dollars for as many quarts. Upon reaching 
 hon»e, imagine his mortification, saying nothing of the injunction, 
 on learning that lie had been buying his own flax-seed, at a dollar 
 per quart, just sold by his wife for a dollar the half bushel. 
 
 173. From Albany to Boston, (whose churches first admitted 
 music in 1785) 170 miles, yoii may have a four-horse roach, and 
 take your own time, for if 54, including every expense. The bene- 
 ficial eflects of wearing flannel next the skin, were first ascertained 
 by the men of lord Percy's regiment stationed at Boston in 1774. 
 
AND TIIK UNITED STATFS. 
 
 67 
 
 In the card rack of my domicile at x\ll)any, the American Hotel, 
 containing 130 rooms, with a public table 1 10 feet long, I one morn- 
 ing saw a letter superscribed 'To Gegiip Jones Esq. Uttica.' As 
 Gegup was a new christian name to me, 1 enquin^d further about 
 it, and then learnt it to be a new orthography for Jacob. 
 
 174. Hence to Schenectady, 15 miles, you travel in two at- 
 tached carriages, carrying 30 passengers, drawn by a span of hor- 
 ses, tandem fashion, the Latin lor at length, or following each other. 
 You, at this place, enter the stage for Utica. I was shewn a lady 
 in Schenectady, w ho produced five cliildren in her last accouch- 
 ment, ail Uving : the citizens presented her with a purse of $1,000. 
 One of the judicial code, or Blue Laws, as they were called, of 
 the early colonists, was, "No woman shall kiss her child on Sun. 
 day." Vide note 21. The bridge over the Mohawk, which bounds 
 Schenectady, is entirely of wood, roofed in, of considerable ex- 
 tent, boarded up at each side, and windows at regular distances. 
 It is a dollar fine for all carriages or horses passing over it at a 
 greater rate than that of a walking pace. Wire bridges are not 
 uncommon in America. That near Philadelphia, though 400 feet 
 long, and weighing but 45001bs. will sustain several hundred per- 
 sons. It took foui- men two months in erecting, at a cost of sixty 
 guineas. Wire or chahi bridges origmated in China ; the first in 
 England was at Winchbridge, over the river Tees. 
 
 175. The burial ground of Albany, as in most American tov r s,, 
 IS without the city, in advance on the Schenectady road. The 
 best laid out dormitory in all the Union, is at New Haven : its ap- 
 propriate and well-regulated arrangements, with broad paths, sha- 
 ded by the weeping willow, locust and poplar, throw a solemn awe 
 around its monumental erections, many of which are from Italy, 
 that excite deep sympathy and attention from visitors. 
 
 176. At Utica, I was struck with the words Cash Storc^ over 
 many of its shops. I found they denoted, that money would be paid 
 for fill things bought, and also required for all goods sold there. 
 Dry goods store, means a depot for woollen, linen, and silk mer- 
 cery. Whitestown, four miles west of Utica, is the first civilized 
 settlement in the western part of New York state, founded by Hugh 
 White from New England, in 1784. Trenton Falls, about 12 miles 
 from thence, are usually visited in what is called an Extra-exclu- 
 sive. Twenty miles N.E. is Steuben, which was given to baron 
 Steuben, who is buried therein, for his services during the revolu- 
 tionary war. At the village of Homestead, where we dined, was 
 a pump without a handle, yet constantly running into a watering 
 trough for horses : it was ingeniously supplied from an elevated 
 spring. 177. The multitude of churches and chapels through 
 all places v^hich we passed, was truly remarkable : scarcely a vil- 
 lage without several ; and in one which we passed, before entering 
 Syracuse, I observtxl two adjoining each other, and yet not a house 
 
 
68 
 
 KUTUi OX CANADA 
 
 in sight. Thoso of Lynn, near Boston, formerly had nttcndant 
 Rappers, whose business it was to rouso sleepy hearers, carrying, 
 for that purpose, a long wand, furnished with a fox tail on one end, 
 and a ball on the other ; the former being applied to ladies, and iho 
 latter to gentlemen. 
 
 17S. Around the fires of the various bar-rooms, in thoAmeri- 
 can inns at which wo alighted, I commonly saw largo raw-boned, 
 skulky-looking fellows, very like the remnants of some banditti. In 
 one of this sort of inns, wherein we remained all night, a gentle- 
 nmn traveller, on departing in the morning, discovered that his 
 pocket book had been plundered of its contents, and replaced i)y 
 forged notes : spurious paper, according to note 54, being scattered 
 all over lU>'j Union. 
 
 ^■79. Americans universally use green tea, which is some- 
 tim.- r I- inferior quality. Being fond of this beverage, when 
 tinge .>nly A.i'h hyson, I found much inconvenience. As it is 
 equally objeci* .aable to most new comers, I would r€>commend the 
 substitution of souchong; and by dropping a black currant leaf in- 
 to the tea-pot, the flavor of green tea will be preserved, and its in- 
 jurious effects neutrallized. Full 20,000 chests of tea are drank in 
 Upper Canada, of which 3,000 only come through the customs ; 
 the rest being smuggled from America, which gives the seller 100 
 per cent profit. 
 
 180. On passing through the village of Minden — this part of 
 the states is also noted for the many classical names bestowed on 
 insignificant villages, as Athens, Sparta, Pompey, Virgi?, A:c. — I 
 observed a dead horse by the road side, half eaten by the carrion 
 birds ; and as we came up a dog ran away with a large piece in his 
 mouth. In Pittsburgh, a neat village, where we changed horses, 
 was a singular swing sign before its only mn, exhibiting, in glowing 
 paint, most of the luxuries in an ale house. Upon the top of each 
 postern supporting it, formerly stood a bottle of rum and another 
 of brandy ; but a toper of the village, having one night taken the 
 liberty of climDing up and appropriating them to his own use, they 
 have never been replaced. 
 
 181. Bad weather detained me many days at Blossom's Ho- 
 tel, Canandaigua, the handsomest town in New York state. We 
 usually sat down GO to dinner, hotels being likewise boarding houses. 
 Kegular boarders pay $4 per week, but casual ones $1 per day. — 
 The life of a boarder in an American hotel, is an unsocial and wea^ 
 risome mode of spending time. The customary hours are, break, 
 fast at eight, dinner at two, and tea, or rather sup, at six. Mecha- 
 nics board in inferior houses, at $2 and $2, 50 per week. I found 
 bells, saving that of a crier^ to announce the various meals, quite 
 discarded from hotels and houses of entertainment. The female 
 attendants were often the daughters of mine host. I was pleased 
 with their personal appearance, except the hair of those in more 
 
A.ND THE UMTBD ST.iTKS. 
 
 60 
 
 ffinoto place?, which oither trailed on iheir shouhlord in niiiimer of 
 u hatchib, or danj^lod round their ears like a buiidlcul" niwhcs. 
 
 182. Tlic fe\ Ivnu environs and gontl»^ utidulation.s of C.inun. 
 <laiffua, must render it in suuuner, truly desirable ; but horticulture, 
 yet \oung in the states, would make it a p^radivsc : tliough us to 
 tiial mutter, an American is no great stickler ' r trees, ur woodland 
 scenery, but, to hi-ii, a country withotit either 1 s far greater charni.'j. 
 
 183. 'I'he following making some stir i.i Ue vicitiity, wa.s han- 
 iled to mo in Hlussoniij Hotel ; "There is a thing incouunon use— 
 And for eonvenieoco, too — Take onc-tifth, the rest udl show — 
 What )Ve(nnori liave a right to do : — Transpo.sed again, it will ex- 
 press — The power that mighty men possess," I was never any hand 
 at th<;se alfairs, however, I stumbled upon stove, tor the first two 
 lines, fioni which extracting one-fifth, it produces vote ; this trans- 
 posed ibrins that of veto. Its author, a schoolmaster of the sec- 
 tion, gained, in consequenco, a large accession of scholars. 
 
 184. We were ] hrurs travelling from Canandaigua to Ro- 
 Chester, a distance ol 30 liles. Here the first sleighing ior the 
 season began, Jan. J \ 163,}, tlie day I arrived. Its commencement 
 at New York is a day of some note. The harness of yoiu* sleigh 
 liorso, silent and rapid >n his course, must, to prevent accidents, bu 
 furnished with bells, under a penalty of $2. 185. Rochester, so 
 named after Judg Hochest* r, its chief landed owner, whose seat is 
 at hand, is large and populo is. The first house built was in 1815i : 
 its church bells announce the hour, not by striking it, but by jingling 
 a chime. The water power of the celebrated Falls of Genesseo, 
 joining this city, produce an income of $25,000 to their proprietor. 
 A minister of the town goes by the name of Revival- /hire /w.ll, be- 
 cause during a three daya' meeting, he added 541 to his flock. 
 Oneida Institute, Whitestown, is an establishment for combining 
 labor and education : it has u farm of 1(>0 acres cultivated by the 
 scholars : America, in efiect is the hot bed of experiment in all 
 matters of theory. In Rochester is another of those Institutes — 
 fine names are Jonathan's hobbies — the pupils rise at four, work 
 three liours, and study tea ; by far too many. In this rt!S[)ect scho- 
 Jestic establishments want remodelling, inasmuch as they make 
 health, which is equally valuable as education, a secondary, nay, 
 very ot'teii, no consideration at all. Our boys are pent up in sweat- 
 ing baths, yclept school rooms, all their adolescence, to learn what ? 
 Write their names and accompta, with peradventure a smattering 
 f>i' nothings : this assuredly is a system most glaringly defrotive, 
 and calling loudly for reform. Those hiw lands in New Vork state, 
 some 20 miles from Rocliester, located by English farmers, have 
 been so improved by their agricultural experience, as to realize 
 twice their original cost. Many natives of this section have readi- 
 ly admitted to mo, the advantages that their country has derived 
 from these strangers. In this town I discovered, the very day thut 
 
70 
 
 NOTES) ON CANADA 
 
 Ciori. Arnold died ut London, in 1801, (wiio, cxclnsivo oi' oihor ad- 
 vantages lor deseriing the American cause, received £10,000 and 
 a grant of 18,000 acres of land in Upper Canada,) the oak tree 
 under which Messrs. .lohn Paulding, Van Wert, and David Wil- 
 liams, (the last still living) captured Major Ai.dre, in Tarrytown, 
 waa struck by lightning and shivered to pieces. Preceding the 
 death of George HI. the Ixidy of the unfortunate Major was remo- 
 ved from the valley, near Tuppan, West Point, and deposited with- 
 in a vault previously prepared in Westminster Ahhey. The cap- 
 tors of this ill-faled oiVicer, were each rewarded hy Congress with 
 a silver medal and an annuity of $200. 
 
 180. Girdling, upon wooded lands, is indenting a deep circle 
 round the lower part ol the tree, which stopping the sap, it present- 
 ly dies, soon 'alls, and is then easily removed. Felling timber is 
 denominated lumbering : their wood axe is decidedly superior to 
 ours., Yon may sleep in the woods at night, upon liemlock boughs, 
 without taking injury ; Methodists use them in their camp meet- 
 ings. Forest trees are not so deep rooted as those in open places ; 
 nor their timber so firm as others that have been planted. Fire-wood 
 from girdled trees is universally bad : cheap dealers and street hawk- 
 ers alone traflic in it. 
 
 187. We arrived in Lewioton, the American frontier town, at 
 midnight. N^ext morning 1 walked to the ferry, opposite Queen- 
 ston, divided by the Niagara river, which was choked up with pie- 
 ces of ice, floating down from the Falls above. The ferryboat dare 
 not venture out , the passage was, however, ultimately effected iti 
 an open boat. At such times ii is very dangerous to cross, for ex- 
 clusive of being enclosed within the ice, and so hurried to destruc- 
 tion in Lake Ontario, you have to resort to the equally hazardous 
 jneasure of rocking the boat, in order to cut her way through the 
 ice, which has been often known to carry her to the bottom. Tho 
 ordinary passage is a York shilling. 
 
 188. 1 was now on British ground. Throughout my whole 
 route to Queenston, which, with Niagara, also called Newark, are 
 two of the oldest provincial towns, the bed rooms that I occupied 
 were small, and without chimneys or ventilators. Upon arriving 
 in the British territories you exchange your American for British 
 money : a dollar, cash, fetches but 5s., a dollar, paper, first issued 
 in New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut, in 1709, (and a New 
 England mint first built in 1052) passes current in both states. — 
 Note. If the pillars on a Spanish quarter dollar (15d.) be worn out, 
 it then passes but for lOd , a York shilling for 5d., and a six-pence 
 do. for 2.}d. On this account, added to the discrepancy between 
 York and Halifax currency, and the adroitness with which many 
 convert the exchange to their own advantage, it is calculated that 
 the province incurs an -annual loss of JCKiO,000. A shilling En- 
 glish goes for Is. 2d. HidifuA. so named in 171.9, by Governor Com- 
 
AM) niF. I'XITEU 8TATK8. 
 
 71 
 
 wallis, in cotnplimf'iitto Lord Halifax: half a crown for 'Ja, 10|d. 
 a crown fui r>s. lUd., and ii aovorcign X>i. 4s. Halifax ami Cana- 
 da currency are alike : their paper money, from its low figure, in 
 excoedintrjy ucceptivo ; since a bundle of dollar notes i.s a very dif. 
 feretitairairtootie of Henry Haso's. The first forgery of its pa- 
 |)or, and indeed of ativ Canadian bank, bein^^ $10 notes, was in Jii- 
 ly la;}4. Messrs. Wilson & ('o. Warnford Court, Thro^morttm 
 Street, London, agents to the Upper Canada Baidc, for every jt^lOO 
 paid to lliern for transnn.ssion, X120 will bo received from the bank 
 in 'J'oronto, which if investetl therein produces CJ5 a year. Tho 
 city has two other banks, the Afjricnllnral, recently and successfully 
 established, by Capt. Truscott, K. N., a gentleman of large fortune 
 from England, and tho Connnercial. Vide Note VS. The variation 
 between British and American money, began on the separation of 
 the Colonies, and has so continued to the present time. 
 
 189. The first visitors to Canada were Spaniards, whose heads 
 being filled with nothing but gold and silver mines, they, not finding 
 either, frequently repeated to each other Acu nada (there is noth- 
 ing here.) The aboriginees, who watched them narrowly, learnt 
 the phrase and its meaning. Next, \u 1535, came the French, 
 under Jac({ues Cariier, a master mariner of St. Maloes, and the 
 natives, who wanted none of their company, to get rid of them, 
 incessantly repeated Aca nada. The French, who knew no more 
 of Spanish than they did, believed, and naturally adopted those 
 oft-recited words, as tho name of the country. Hence its origin. 
 It is also called the land of the Lakes, which cover an area of 
 4J},040,000 acres. 
 
 190. E^nglish emigrants — certain Canadian editors allow to 
 be proper enough, but which, on said emigrants settling in a new 
 country, they pedantically change to immigrants — English emi- 
 grants to Canada, retain the priviliges of British subjects; but, if 
 ever desirous of naturalization in America, they must first remain 
 aliens for five years : the oath imposed upon them is lar mor'^ se. 
 vere than that, in Canada, required from Americans, and, on 
 this account, is often declined. 
 
 191. On Queenston heights, 300 feet above the river, is a co- 
 lumn to the memory of General Brock, who, with his aid-de-camp 
 Col. McDonald, fell in action Oct. 13, 1812. It is a plain building, 
 having a spiral staircase of 120 steps, leading to a look out on the 
 top. It affords a noble prospect of Lake Ontaiio and circumjacent 
 country. It had a capital swivel-telescope bought in London ; but 
 two Yankees having lately ascended, unattended, wantonly des- 
 troyed it. 192. Though our transatlantic brethren were defea- 
 ted in the battle of Queenston heights, yet it is a mistake to sup. 
 pose that they are deficient in bravery. Granted that citizens cal- 
 led suddenly into the field, may not alway )rove a match for a 
 regular army, yet instances enough are upon record, of their hav- 
 
NOTUS Oy CANADA 
 
 jn;^ often hcatcn one. This is fair and sfraiglitforwnrd, hut when 
 cLTluin writers, for reasons not very honoriihhi in themselves, hud- 
 dle in a heap the disnstcis of their countrytne'i, in order to establish 
 the bravery oii'lheir o|>[)onents, is memly truckling, and alike con- 
 dcmned by well-informed Americans, the new system of whose 
 warfare, as practised by their riflemen, id. est. concealiui>- them, 
 .selves in lon<:j grass, behind thick-clustering trees, or in old barns, 
 added to the insu|)pf)rable dilliculties of new and densoly-wooded 
 countries, arc considerations that appear to have altogether escaped 
 the recollection of those authors who accord, and apparently with 
 so much satisfaction, the result of some of our transatlantic ren- 
 counters. 
 
 lOM. J)uring the above turbulent period, for want of specie, 
 Vcnnii bank notes were issued, by which one individual made a 
 very large lorlune. General Brock's death is further commemo- 
 rated in a sinn at one of the villa<:;e ale-housos : his discountenance 
 of the scalping knil'e, made him regretted even by the Americans. 
 During the engagtunont, an Irishman in the British raidts, was 
 heard to exclaim of a comrade, whilst reloading, " By Jasus that 
 man is a soldier; for he prays like a saint, iigiits like a devil, and 
 lires two shots to my one." 
 
 104. Jan. 20, 18;3;J, visited the Falls of Niagara, n.caning, in 
 the aborigii»e language. Coming from above, or a mountain, and 
 is properly pronounced Ni-Aaw-ga-rah. Tlie fall is 170 feel deej>, 
 and J of a mile wid*» : the Lakes Erie, Huron, Michigan and Su- 
 perior combine to supply this astounding cataract. 'J'he misty, 
 vapour from its spray, resembles a hovering cloud, Tho rapida^ 
 or sloping descents besprinkled with large stonej?; commence 
 below Grand and Navy Islands, containing 50,000 acres, 
 forming a fund for the repair of canals, a mile and a half to the 
 precipice, in which space they descend 54 feet. Major Mordecai, 
 r»Ianas;sef» Xoah, a Jew, of New York, surveyor of customs, ex- 
 liigh sheritf, late American consul atTuni*!, also editor of the Star, 
 projected the formation of a city, to be called xVrarat, on Grand 
 Island, and erected an altar thereon, expecting that it would be 
 forthwith peopled by the Hebrews: but tho city has never even 
 been began, nor a solitary Israelite yet wended his way to the scite. 
 
 195. Oct. 22, 1829, an American by the name of Sam Patch, 
 from a ladder 90 teet high, placed upon a projecting rock on Goat 
 Island (containing 80 acres, and separating the smaller, or Ameri- 
 can fall from the British, which has an elevation of 15 feet above 
 the bed of the greater, or horse-shoe) leaped into a space of smooth 
 water, formed by the boiling of the two cataracts, came up safe, 
 and swam with ease to the opposite side. This feat has been more 
 than once performed, by a son of the American ferry-man. Sam was 
 born io Massachusetts, and made his first leap from a factory there. 
 in ; commencing at the lowest, and finishing from the highest win- 
 
A\n THE IMTED STATE!*. 
 
 73 
 
 ilow. He then lenped Ihe ru5snir Falls, aitciwards the Ninyiim, 
 and finally penslied in Ins second leuj) I'rotn those of the (icnessce. 
 100. There is :i lone') hut on (iuat Island, fornuMly tenanted 
 by John Ahbot, an Fyni.'lishinan, \vliO was hts) whilst hathin^ in the 
 rapids, and now inliahited hy a teinale recluse. It belonijs to Jud<i;o 
 Porter, who coiunriietcu the sin<;ular bridf^e connecting it with tho 
 American side. ]t)7. l\>rsyth'« hotel, on the Canadian hank of 
 
 the )''a!is. cost 0000 ^uiinsis ereelin|(:j and rurnisiiing : it will ac- 
 conmiodaS.; 15() persons. On leaving the house to view the rush 
 of waters, their tremendous roar, like a thunder which fills the 
 heaven and shakes the carih, tiiouffh previously prepared hy Imar- 
 ing ihctn at a distance of fifteen miles, still struck me with uncoin- 
 iTion awe. I'o'lovviiifr mv i];>iide, I entered a small wooden house, 
 containing on open re;:;islei', wherein 1 ieco;»nise;i nu\n} names Iroui 
 London. I'einy provided with a cloak to guard againsi the spray, 
 I descended an enclosed spiral staircase, attached to the wooden 
 house, like threadinjj; the monument. an<! on stepping therefrom, 
 came in immediate view of the froorhty Fall. After pausing a few 
 minutes to recover my astonishment, I advanced with the guide. 
 Thia requires some caution, on account, of the narrowness of tho 
 footway ; for if you fall into the lake below, a distance of 100 feet, 
 you must inevitably perish. TI.ms path led to a cavern under tho 
 prodigious stream, so that I was now beliind the stupendous torrent,, 
 which lolls over u precipice projecting ;'iO feet l)eyon(l Jlie base of 
 immense rocks, like tiie fall of an overshot mill, in u multitudinous 
 mass lA' more than one hundred million ton.s of wat»jr per hour. 
 
 198. i\Ir. Forsyih, with several others, duiiug last war, to 
 avoid capture hy the enemy, crossed, in a large well-oared l)oat, 
 from the American to tiie British side, at a spot not half a mile 
 above the Cataract. No aborigine will venture in his <;anoo near 
 a probability of the Falls, without a bottle of ardent spirits. Those 
 who have witnessed the fatal scene, -ay, that the moment an Indian 
 perceives himself in a line with the vortex, and destitute of hope, 
 he seizes the bottle, and in a state of insensibility, sinks int»i tho 
 awful abyss, from which, if he be ever after taken, it is only in 
 iindistinguishable fragments. 
 
 100, The season for the Falls commences in April and termi- 
 nates in Autumn : company from all parts of tlie world, particularly 
 France and England, are then arriving daily. The public dining 
 table of the hotel accommodates 100 ; it is filled two or three timos 
 a day, at a charge of three shillings per head. From tradition, 
 supported by philosophic encpiiry, the Falls were anciently at 
 Queenston, a distance of 7 miles: hence, 'ircafter generations 
 may probably witness their arrival at Lak .'!rie, towards which 
 they are calculated to retrograde fifty yard.s in forty years. 
 
 200. The Americans abound in Falls ; but their so much boas- 
 ted Grand Falls, on the Passaic, where Sam Patch took his first 
 
74 
 
 NOTES ON CANADA 
 
 leap, on .iccount of tho river being diverted to the more nrofilahlc 
 employrneni; oi'turninfj mills, are dwindled to perfect insignificance- 
 The finest in Lower Canada are those vt' Montnriorenci, 7 miles 
 below Quebec. 201. .\t Niagara, 7 miles from Queenston, 
 steamboats ply daily to Toronto, late York, the capital of the Pro- 
 vince : distance 30 miles, time 4 hours, and fare $2 : by stage, 
 round the head of the lake, dist;ince 90 miles, time 24. hours, fare 
 $5 : their drivers, as in America, never expect a fee : they are 
 much inferior, in both countries, to those of England. 
 
 202. Col. Hamilton's elegant residence in Queenston, which 
 was canonaded from the Anjerican side of the river, during the 
 battle of Queenston heights, remains a sad memorial of by-gone 
 days, and the too often malignant idiocracy of war. I frequently 
 met the Colonel of the district m my domicile, a clever and well- 
 informed man, but troubled with nn impediment in his speech, 
 which originated Ihc following anecdote : he was one day review- 
 ing his regiment, when, as they stood prepared, he stammered out 
 "Shoo — Shoo — shoot, you knowT cant say fire." 
 
 203. Europeans believe human life to be of short duration in 
 Canada, yet I often met the venerable in years, exclusive of those 
 in my own family ; and " On March 8, 1883, died Mrs. J. Stewart, 
 near St. David's, Niagara District, aged 109 years; her husband 
 died a few years since at the age of 96, leaving children, now living, 
 aged 80, and grand children at 00, besides a host of great grand 
 children." Last year, a woman by the name of Metcalf, residing 
 near the capital of Upper Canada, bore a child still living, when 
 past her sixtieth year ! Vide notes 42 & 153. 
 
 204. The native bird called Whip -her -well, from its cry re- 
 sembling these words, one day gave occasion for much merriment 
 among a party of ladies and gentlemen returning from the bush, 
 where they had been gypseying. A lady had given occasion, jocu- 
 larly, for a reference to the ciders as to a suitable admonition for 
 some pretended oflence : when, u\ the act of deciding, a bird of 
 the abovementioned species flew past, and as it did so, screamed 
 shriller than ordinarily, W/iip-her-weU. 
 
 205. On Jan. 27, 1833, I arrived in York — now changed to 
 To»*o.ito, its aborigine name — the capital of llp()er Canada. A very 
 few years since the wilderness, a swamp and unknown ; the whole 
 country, up to 1784, being one vast forest: it now contains over 
 10,000 irdiabifants. A cedar swamp produces good water, and is 
 of itself healthy ; which is likewise the case where he.nlock, 
 spruce and fir abound. General Simcoe, the first governor of the 
 province, chose Toronto, which he called little York, in 1794, as 
 the best scite tor a capital, though he contemplated London, in the 
 T^ondon District, from i:s central position between tho large lakes, 
 and its fiu'orable situation on tho river Thames. Toronto is a mass 
 of shops, the leading feature of Canadian and American towns, 
 
 
A>D TinC irviTED iTATKS. 
 
 75 
 
 I 
 
 insomuch that voii can hardlv sneeze without bespattering a store. 
 Its winters are six wcoUs shorter than those of Quebec. The ori- 
 ginal settlors of Upper Canada, (discovered by John Cabot, in 1497, 
 whose family reside*! in England) were Anieric in refngecjj, and 
 part of the *r<2nd re:j;imont, disbanded on termination of the revolu- 
 tionary V. ar. Eaeh private receiving '200 acres, without restric- 
 tions, but oMJiiscoverino- thev would sell thein for a bottle of brandy, 
 the grant was reduced to 100, with settlement duties, and a resi- 
 dence of three years before enabled to sell. They located on the 
 Long Sault, and at Niagara, tbrmerly Newark. The first vessel 
 which entered the Bay of Toronto, was a brig commanded by capt. 
 Richardson, whose son is an elder in the Episcopal iMethodist So- 
 ciety of this city. Tw(^nty.aoven steamboats ply on Lake Ontario, 
 Bay of Quinte, and river Ht. Lawrence : I have counted seven at a 
 time in Toronto Bay. Cranberry marshes in the townshij) of Wed- 
 derburn, o.i account of their tover-brceduig properties, are called 
 the Infernal 'place : a Mr. .1. Cummer, farmer and miller of Vonge 
 Street, was the first person born in the township of Toronto ; in 1834 
 1(0 was thirty. five years of age. The episcoj)al church is a well- 
 built stone stnicture, has a choir and 'jfgan, and will contain liOOO 
 persons. There are two catholic chapels in the city, three mctho- 
 dist, and four other places of public worship. The establishment 
 of Upper Canada consists of the bishop of Quebec, two archdea- 
 cons, and circa sixty clergymen. 
 
 200. Our seven North American possessions, namely, Upper 
 and Lower Canada, New Brunswick, Prince Edwards' Island, New- 
 foundland, Cape Breton, and Nova Scotia : the five last considered 
 unhealthy, on account of being enveloped m fogs most part of the 
 year : their amount of land available for settlements, exclu^iive of 
 unexplored regions^ is about WO million acres. Note : the order of 
 Nova Scotia baronets originated with .James I, and was confimed 
 by Charles I, being at that time limited to 150 members. Tl-iswa3 
 ctfected by a stretch oi the prerogative, but thougli the king is au- 
 thorised, by enactment, to grant hcredilarv titles of honor ui Cana- 
 da, this has never vet been done. Nova Scotia was called Aiuidia 
 until 1021. The united capital of our North American possessions, 
 is £02,100.400, which raise annually produce and property worth 
 £17, 0-20,029. Their foreign trade "has been put at 850,000 tons, 
 with 41,000 seamen. Canada roipiires 27l,0u0 tons, which, ui 
 proportion, is three times as large as that of all Amcirica, 
 
 207. Our Canadian territories form u goodly appendage to the 
 dominions of England, Uf)0u which the sun never sets; for before 
 vs leave the spires of Quebec, his inoi'ninir beams 
 
 'g 
 
 spi 
 
 shine on Fort Jackson ; and while sinking from the waters of Lake 
 Ontario, his r'ye opens upon those of the Ganges. 
 
 208. The Upper Canada college at Toronto, has a principal, 
 vice-principal and seven mafirterp. whoso salaries tuuount to JC2,600 
 
76 
 
 NOTE» ON CANADA 
 
 Sterling per annum, with residences in the college. This provincr^ 
 appropriates 740,275 acres of land to education. The protesaion 
 of a schoolmaster bars all association with the aristocracy of the 
 city : this unique distinction is doubtless borrowed from their neigh- 
 bour Jonathan, who respects his just as nmch as one bear does hi» 
 hunters, or another the fine arts. Vide note 35. Here is also the 
 Parliament house, a sul)st'dntial building, with a centre and two 
 wings; the former being the House of Assembly, and the latter g>j. 
 vernment oflices. The legislative expendrture is sometjjing over 
 X8000 a year, including £4770 for the Hoiiso of Assembly ; and 
 the civil ditto about £12,000 : its government is the mildest known. 
 The Upj)er House consists of thirty, and the Lrmer sixty members, 
 who receive lOs. each j)er diem, during the sitimg,. and their spea- 
 kcr £250 for the session, which is in the winter, and lasts three 
 monthr» Each member is provided with a chair, desk and writing 
 materials, but no spittoon as those in Congress, from whom no re- 
 ligious test is exacted. There is an open gallery for the public, 
 whilst reporters are provided with another. Uncks, the chief ma- 
 terial of their public edifices, are smaller than in England ; shin- 
 gles supply the place of slate and tile ; each house must have a roof 
 and chimney ladder, in case of fire, under a penally of %2. Many 
 one story houses have no internal communication upward, but lad- 
 der-stairs on the outside, thereby rendering them double tenements. 
 The cliief clerk has a deputy, and several copiers ; a former one 
 of whom, with a long string of names, George, Thomas, Frederic, 
 Augustus, Mug Ireland, which he was apt to parade, generally Avent 
 by the shorter of Pitcher. 
 
 209. Osgoodc Hall, at the head of York street, is a large es- 
 tablishment belonging to the I-aw Society of Upper Canada ; com- 
 monly called Lawyers^ hall. The costs of civil suits in this pro- 
 vince, average £50,000 per annum. A late storekeeper to the gar- 
 risen, a mile above the city, in accounting for a deficiency amongst 
 the iron shot, supposed that the rats had eaten it. There is a Uni. 
 ted Service club, Mechanic's Institute, Public Library^ and News- 
 room, A great portion of its inlnibitants are respectable, which, 
 according to the '.vitncsss upon a late trial, is any one who keeps a 
 one-horse chaise. It has asolidly-built market, well supplied, but in 
 advance on New V'ork prices. It is better to provision with farmers 
 who, in wagons — shallow, oblong boxes, upon tour wheels — attend 
 with their produce daily, (varmen are called teamsters. Wood 
 ashes are exchanged for soap — lib. for a bushel — which, Mith can- 
 dles, though paying no duly, are dearer than in England : thus 
 proving the lulo, that m the absence of state impositions, the peo- 
 pie, if an opportunity offer, will tax one another much iiigherthan 
 any government dare even attempt. They will of themselves thrust 
 both hands into your pocket, but ii^ the .-itati^ venture a little finger 
 only, a cctp motion, equivalent to an earthquake is the conscnuenco. 
 
AND THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 Tf 
 
 i} 
 
 Individual avarice is the greatest evil that can betall a new country. 
 
 210. Toronto publishes seven newspapers. There are three 
 provincial paper-mills, Eastwood, Broxrn. and Hon. W. Crooks' : 
 their profits must he largo, seeing there is no inipost; lor it is as 
 high-priced here as in Enghind, where it is chargefi with a duty of 
 3d. per lb. Liihographic plans of the various districts and town- 
 ships laid down by the government surveyors, are to be bought in 
 Toronto tor Js. Gd. each. Capt. .Smith, in 101 1-., tirst mapped that 
 part of America known a» North Virginia, which lie called New 
 England : see note 7. 
 
 211. Emigrants should be mindful to get rd of self-esteem, 
 and all such unsaleable commodities, in a new country, before en- 
 tering it, m. they will find them not only very trmiblesome compa- 
 nions, but a sure moans of annoyance and vexation. This is strik- 
 ingly oxem[»lit}ed in two emigrant-women — a dircliciion from tho 
 established usages in society, forfeits all claim upon those of cour- 
 tesy — the one, wife to a common brawler of Tm'edh^dum and Twce- 
 dle.dee, hers<;lf a petty stpjealer m the same lino, about effecting 
 their union with the natural of 7*0/^, from her intolerable arrogance 
 and unondurable hauteur, has excited the sircasms and ridicule of 
 all. Tne other, one of the Piccilomini, or little in stature, a sort 
 of skelelon-in-parchment rib — softac: a sack of pattens — to a goose- 
 berry-headed Lat-c-tat, from her oveit censuie and mocker\' of 
 others, combined with a certain stage-property in dress, and namby- 
 pambv gaif, not unlike a snipe bobbing for cockh.va, is known as 
 Jezehdla Janus, actress of slip-slops, looking out for jobs. Letters 
 to Eiiglanil via New York, save considerably in time and postage. 
 The sailors post-office in ihe Atlantic, is ihe cleft of a rock upon 
 the ^sle of Assension : hero crews leave a corked bottle with letters 
 enclosec?, w hich are taken up and carried to their destination, by 
 the next ship pas.snlg in a contrary direction. Newspaper adver- 
 tisements pay four pence a line for the first, and a penny per line 
 for subvsoquent insertions. American papers pu) a penny each on 
 fecei,;t, by tho subscriber: but this charge, on Canadian papers, is 
 tlcfrJiyod bv the proprietors, and debited to the subscribers, Avhich is 
 a heavy drawback on newspaper establtshmenls ; of which ihero 
 arQ thirty in the Upper — tiiongh tv/o only in 180?^ — and eighteen in 
 the Lower province, some of them, like; many of their brethren in 
 the States, do not always confine themselves \Mlhin the legitimate 
 bounds of the press. 212. The crest of the attorney general of 
 the province, I understarnJ, is u tun, with I lie motto JSonce tdpsum : 
 a Toronto wng, isauicd Richard, is betler known by tho cognomcu 
 of Tipscf,' I.)ick\ because, undertaking lo translate this tnotlo. he 
 rendered it Never be lipscy. 
 
 213. { was one day taking a «kelch of tin- chief (uihoiic cha- 
 pe;! in this city, pleasantly situak:d m the ti<;lds by King Street, 
 when, just a« I had completed it, a large partv of men ami womca 
 
78 
 
 KOTKS ON' CANADA 
 
 came up, and going round the building i-il a hi'M* [:d.(', then opin. 
 onterod the dornutory in the rear of tlie editiot., i fcl owed at u 
 a«:ort disuuice, stiiicU with the quiotudo of tl'CJr .Kweiiiciits. They 
 spread themselves over the ground, and in gioupr- beg-ra decorating 
 the graves with winter /lowers, first clearing away tiie weedy. Tiiis 
 done, they prostrated thcnjyt'lves on the gravc-sotls for some time, 
 then rising, withdrew in silence ; whilst, us they passed me, I 
 could perceive they had been weeping, which, added to the dejec- 
 tion of their air, well accorded with those aireclionate niemorialfj 
 they had then been (tfiering up. The Catholic priesthood of Tppcr 
 Canada consists of a bishop, a vicar general, and 20 priests. They 
 have 3u churclies built and building, with 8 schools. Dr. Carroll, 
 of Maryland, 1789, was the first Catholic bishop in America : and 
 Dr. Scabury, bishop of Connecticut, who died in 1796, the lirst 
 Episcoj)al (liocesan. 
 
 214. In summerevenings the whistling choruses of the frogs, 
 around the streamlets of Toronto, is strange but cuiious. 'lh& 
 tree-toad changes its color to that which it occupies ; from nearly 
 white to almost black ; making a noise like an English qjuil. Tho 
 apecies of native provincial birds are 48. Some writers have stated 
 that there are no venomous snakes in Canada ; b it ihis is erroneous, 
 as provincial surveyors, when on professional dii'y, are much an- 
 noyed by them. A himberer one day, upon felling a tree, near Bur- 
 lington l?ay, discovered a knot of'frozen par.'icles in the centre of 
 the trunk, which on exposure to the sun burst iiilo being and flew 
 away. A single hair drawn from the tail of a I. use and thrown in- 
 to a paii of water, 1 have known, in a for'.nigh^- to become impreg- 
 nated with life. Rain, which in ott\er countries! cools the earth, iii 
 this venders it more sultrv. The water of the lake, preceding a 
 storm, change of Avo.uhp or breaking up of the ice, roars like a 
 distantcannona.de: wh-T * ^at in the various wells is generally 
 good, but on lixing a pur,.j> commonly becomes inferior, 215. The 
 great lakes of Canada are nevei' frozen ; and, being warmer than 
 atmospherical air, they send up an evaporation during inclement 
 periods, like that of an overcharged boiler. 'J'he weather is lerli- 
 ant in winter, that is, a severe lro.st will terminate in three days, 
 and bo succeeded by several of mild ones. I have witnessed the 
 four seasons in as many hours ; and a friend crossing the Detroit 
 River (nearly a mile and a half wide) in his canoe, recrossed, two 
 hours after on I ho ico : w hilst a boatman passing near Bellvilie, in 
 his skilT, became at length frozen in, when lie ultimately left his 
 boat and walked to land. 
 
 210.. .Servant's wages, as all labor payments, are high ; they 
 do not use tho U:nn Bosft, but in speaking to or of their employers, 
 designate () .;m mister and ni-istress. Tlie charges of a tonsor aro 
 l['f sam< as entered in note 17J ; thrtse of a laiindre«;s are equally 
 exfravHgant ; whilst nn emigrant with a m^^ngl© would niako a for- 
 
AND tnr CNirEi> states. 
 
 7^ 
 
 tune. 217. IV'i^iilcrs of j^A dccorrinutiouc p'»\i,ri:d tliu'- nre nd- 
 niiltod vHCiording to (heir Ttuo'cUe creeds, nuiy peti'oru tbc ritust 
 ol marriage. A rniriistei near Toronto, was din'-);;, on** day wiih 
 another, who hxd a lurjxe familv, of which he m.. ; cc»j; 'irlured a:i 
 excellent rfijjulator, but on this dav thev were .••orj><wUrit rr:fi-actor\ . 
 "How is this, brother," asked tlie visitor, "I wayi- imdersiood 
 that you were a good mannger of vour family " ''To tell you 
 the truth," whi.spered the other, *' I have no sugar in the house." 
 
 218. The Episcopal Methodists have rheir prini?ij>nl chapel 
 here, and a college at Cobourii, Newcastle District, witli 70 minis- 
 tors. an(r20,000 members in the province. First American Metho. 
 dist chapel was erected at Ncm' York, in 17G1>. Ireorge Xeal, aa 
 Irish major of horse in the British service, passed from Lewistoa 
 to Niagara, circa 17S7, and first introduced Methodism to Canada. 
 'I'hc labors of their itinerants and missionrries are so replete with 
 exertion and privation, as invariably to destroy the stoutest constitu- 
 tion, and in ten years locate the youngest on the tunds of the soci- 
 ety. Kach receives X25 per ann. with, if married, «$10 for every 
 child under 7, and ^iiJ'il for every one above. No stated minister 
 receives above JCoO a year, added, if married and a family, to the 
 foregoing allowances. Their bishop receives no more. They have 
 upwards of 3,000 ministers throughout the world, though at their 
 first conferenco, held at London, June 25, 1774, there were hut 4, 
 and more than a million hearers : they are oa the advun<"e in New 
 Hampshire; which state gave lurth to Denjamin 'i ?;<»inpson, so ce. 
 lehrated for his mechanical inventions and discoveries' ; better 
 known as Count Rumford, be<ause a C* '''t of ''^e Holy Roman 
 Empire : he died near Paris, in 1S14. 
 
 219. At the Credit, 17 miles from T onl^v, a native village, 
 of 220 Indians, properly aboriginees, a , I's-tenn, originating with 
 Columbus — see note 7 — dwells Peter Jono ^ tl.eir chief two years 
 Kince in England, where ho excited mucti intp.er:t : he is here the 
 minister of his people. Miss Field, ai; E'lgli..!) lady of great res- 
 pectability, is now on her voyage to Canada, :is liis bride elee^ He 
 is at present translating the New Testament into his native to'iguo 
 of ('iiippowa ; so called after a creek of the same name above the 
 Falls of Niagara : of all the aboriginal lauiiuages it has the long- 
 est words, some containing 87 letters ! whilst the Mohawk, which 
 
 Mom exceed six. Manv missionaries are them- 
 
 selves 
 
 Ind 
 
 ians. 
 
 220. The followinor are extracts from a letter of 
 
 Peter Jones', when in England, to hi-^ friends in Canada : " No na. 
 tion can be foiwler of New things than the English; they will ga'/e 
 upon a foreigner as if he liad just dropped fn>m the moon : rnd I 
 have been ol'ten amused in seeing what a large nunirier ot |.f:o;)k% 
 n monkey riding upon a dog, will collect in the streets of London. 
 Wlseii my Indimi name — Knhkevmquoiwhy — is announced to attend 
 any meeting, so grefit ie;tlieir curiosity, the placw is nlwnv!? filled : 
 
80 
 
 :SO'i'E:i ON CA.'^AUA 
 
 and it woultl be llio same if notice was given tliut a man with Inn 
 toes in his mouth, woultl address a cotigrejijatioti on such a day. 
 Many are swallowed u}> in the cures of the woild. Money, money, 
 j^fet money and be u i^entlcnian. The Knglish are fond of good 
 living; many who live on roasted beef, pluni-puddmg, and turtle- 
 sou{), get fat and round as a toad. Jloasted beef to an Englishman, 
 is as sweet as bear's meat to an Indian hunter, and jjlum pudding 
 to a beaver's tail. Ladies we;u- bonnets sometliing like a t'armer's 
 8coop shovel ; and when they walk in the tip-toe style," the}- remind 
 me of the little snipes that run along the shores of the lakes and 
 rivers m Canada." 
 
 2iJl. In the village of Credit also resides a female missionary 
 bv'lhe tuinie of Barnes, vvlio has devoted herself to the laborious 
 oiilce of converting the Indian. She visits her friends periodically, 
 stays some short time, then repairs to her hut in the wilderness : 
 generally with large pecuniary aid, to assist in the benevolent work 
 which she has so fearlessly undertaken. 222, From her charac- 
 
 ter of the aborigine, he appears ifisensible to every thing but the 
 bush and river. If you are sick, his idea of pity is l)y tnrowing you 
 a slain doer ; but goes i.o further ; you must dress it. He has no 
 notion of attendance at a sick bed. If ill, he lies down ; but as he 
 never gave, he does not <!X['ect help : if he recover, well, if not, ho 
 dies, if he have a wife, she mourns him by refusing to wash, or 
 change her dies-!, tor a whole year. If she die, he laments her in 
 like manner. 223. A chief never deigns to render assistance. 
 Tiiis had rnice nearly pioved fatal to Miss Barnes : for beine ai a 
 cano«3, and driven by a t« mi)est, on a sand bank, near the land, upon 
 which stood a ciiief gazing at her, she recjuested h'ln to ilirow a 
 roj>e, that by tins means her paddlers might pull ui to shore. Ho 
 paid no attention, .''ud iiad it not been for some inferiors coming up, 
 she must luive penshed. 
 
 2^4. yhi is continually employed in visiting, either by canoe 
 or sleigh, a d i/en missionary stations, scattered over a circuit of 
 several hundred nnies. VViie'i to mnc: intrepidity, a fearless sense of 
 danger, and aptiiude for spiritual e\ Jortation, a female missionary 
 n;i'.st alt'O unite the duties ot a hired ser^ ant ; be a hewer of wood 
 and drawer id" water, sfwtre faint iuea may then be formed of its re- 
 ((ui,-.'(' ■■' <pialifications. 
 
 22' . A beaver meadow in the- bush is considered an acquisition 
 upon i lot of uncleared land : because the trees being thus removed, 
 the grou.jt] is soon covered wish grass, and is then a prairie. A 
 connnunity of beavers, upon «:hoosing tlieir ground, immediately 
 arrange lo enclose. One party prepares lu fell trees, several feet 
 in cKCumfeience. by culUng, v/ith their teeth, u deep indenture 
 round the base ; whilst a sontinel at hand, wains iheni of its direc- 
 tion upon falling. A I'oratiing party having obtained clay and atones, 
 they conuuenco enclosing. This tl»ei* do by embanking the outskirts 
 
AXD TUB UNITKD STATES. 
 
 ni 
 
 witii timber, propoHv prepared, and nl'ini^ up tho opcningy with 
 clay and stoues, wliji-h securer thoni a supply of water. Upon feUiiig 
 trees beside a river, they cut above the c;irrciit, so as to lloat theiu 
 to their destination. Beavers congregating in the solitudes of tho 
 forest, acquire an instinct, which, on the invasion of man, they aoou 
 lose. A skin weighs from 4 to 8 lbs. and fetches >ti4 per lb. A 
 former deaier, now titled and wealthy, made use of bus foot iip a 
 weight; which he persuaded the native.'*, on putting into the scale 
 was a pound only ! and by this means cheated them of larjro sums. 
 An Indian dressed skin is inore valuable than nny other. 'J'he lar- 
 gest house and that a million one, in this species of traitic, is Astor'si 
 of New York ; the foiuider of a settlement at the muufh of the Co. 
 lumbia river, called Astoria. The cattle of Upper Canada are so 
 fond of salt, that exposing it in the hand is a sure means of catchinv 
 stray ones. Thougli made in the province, it is also imported from 
 America, paying a duty last year, of ii'2,35], a sixpence per bushel. 
 During our lust rupture with America, such was the difficulty of 
 obtaining a supjily, that a wine glass of salt has been known to sell 
 for a quarter dollar. All vegetables, pickUiS and preserves como 
 under the irtdiicriminafe denomination of sase (sauce.) 
 
 22G. 'J'ho resources of the Province, last year, were .£55,213, 
 and the expenditure $37,041. N. V>. Tliis is exclusive of its share 
 from the Lower Province, of importation duties, which, in 1833, 
 w;is ii45,000. Tavern licences, of which there are 1000, varv (rom 
 £S to JC7 each. Its public debt for canals, roads, bridges and other 
 essential items, in a new country, to which the Welland Canal luis 
 contributed £157,500, is £350,830, paying an interest of £14,273 
 ^ year. 
 
 227. Some of the forests breed%iillions of pigeons, which, on 
 their periodical flights, will darken the air. Tho woods around 
 Toronto are fast decreasing, which accounts for the disappearance 
 of those fevers, that, ten years siijce, invariably attacked new set- 
 tlers. The winter is never so severe as to prevent employment out 
 of doors : whilst in Lower Canada, upon venturing abroad, at this 
 season, it is very often done so at the risk of your nose, or the loss 
 of an ear. There are t^vo temperance societies in Toronto ; one 
 of their members, a rel'ormed toper, long went by tho name of 
 the small-pox man. becau::.>.., on being asked how he felt on his first 
 otTence against sobriety, mode ansver, " I thought I had esught 
 the smtiU pox." 
 
 228. Chemical drugs and compounds are purer and cheaper 
 than in England : but leeches, imported tlierefrom in clay, and, 
 on account of their great mortality on their voyage, fetch 3s. Od. 
 each. A lady of my acquaintance, in Toronto, requiring the ap- 
 plication of a leech, sent for her family doctor, a Canadian provin- 
 cial, to put it on : this, however, he w ns not nble to do, until he had 
 §rst sent out privately for instructiona ! A gentleman in this city, 
 
82 
 
 K0TK8 0?! CA:tADji 
 
 tmrisruiiting an order, by fi Cui-ton inerchnnt, fur a dinner nnd tea 
 service of (^hina ; thf piittcrn plate sent happened to have a small 
 l)icrc chipfied olV its cdgo, a\ hen lo I bofli services were executed 
 with a gap in the rim of each jirliclr • 21in. A farrier here an- 
 nounci's hiins'jif by writing up'*Joini's Shooir g .Shop." Last Ame- 
 rican war, onr Adiniruky sent out the frame work, blocks, etc. of 
 the PsNche frigate, which couKl have been procured on the s[>ot m 
 a tenth <»f the tiioo, and a twentieth part of the expense : and at 
 the same peritjd forwarded each ship of war on lake Ontario a full 
 fiip,,Iy of water casks, Avith anafiparatus for distilling sea-watcr, 
 wh<;n all thev had lodo, uas to throw a bucket overboard to draw 
 np water ot' the purosi, quality. Patssing the town-hall one day, 
 vvhil-sttho quarter sessions were on, J. entered and found two prison- 
 ers at the bar, dilfering considerably in height, for stealing two tnr- 
 kies. ^^'heuthe foiMMnan of the jury forgetting their names, i.'pon 
 delivering the verdict, said *' Wo d'u.'lare the hmg man guilty, and 
 tht; n/iort one inno<M;nt.'" " 'J'hen," answered tho judge, (Robinsois) 
 " that is the long and short ot' the case." 
 
 2:J0. Creiadiau!-' and Amoricans indulge in overheated rooms, 
 which not (Mily enfeeble the bodv, but originate many diseases char- 
 ged upon the civntry. Hence it happens with nuw. emigrants, 
 from bakin»r themselves in this sort ot" rooms, that, after the fn-at 
 year, they are less able to bear the transitions of the seasons. Ex- 
 elusive of wliich, the climate itself is most trying in iheM' second 
 yciir of settletnent. 
 
 231. Loolvirig in upon an English settler on liis lot on Yougo 
 Street — its seond princi[)le road, loading to Lake Simcoo, Ijundas 
 being the first, but QueCii Street, farth(!r on, carries you through 
 some of the finest parts of me. Province : Canadian out-of-town 
 Htrects, like the Old Ronui.:), aro sim];))' roads, in no other shape 
 akin lo Clieapside or Cornhiil — origmally costing him but a few 
 diillars, though now worth £800. He accompanied mo over it ; 
 when stopping at a j)art shaded by v/illows — " There," said he, 
 *' lies mv vounijest son ! '■ Farm dormilorics are also common in 
 America. See note lliJ^. 232. rvfost carpenters here kiln-dry their 
 doal'^, whicli, in truth, their works pretty openly explain. The Ca- 
 natlian tuli|i tree grows to a prodigious size ; atid is less liable than 
 other Moods to accidents from fire, as it never blazes. At a village 
 m this district, a party of gentlemen were one day asGembled to dine 
 with a brother saddlebags, or cidevant Canadian i^^iqyire — which 
 honorary term, m England, is confined to the younger sons of our 
 nobihiy. the owner of an v\state of .€500 a year, or holder of a gov- 
 ernmont oflice of £ilOO per annum, but in ('anada and America, is 
 !!o persevcringly pressed into the service of the canaille, that, like 
 knocking oji a door (>;oc note 10) it has lost itf^ reputation, and is 
 hero seldom sc(ix\ but in doubtful company. One ( f the foregoing 
 iaddkhag gentlemen, taking up a book wluch lay oa the table, read 
 
XXD THB CNtTED •TATIIi. 
 
 as 
 
 iiloti(3, from Iho boftom of tho title pago " Price 8s. fld. in grain, 
 4s. in board;), tiixi 4s. 6(1. in sheep." The whole party took thin to 
 mean, the hook niiirhl be bought for a bushel of wheat, a few deal 
 boards, or a leg of mutton ! 
 
 23,1. Thft name Del .»''.ire Indians, which we give to about, 
 forty tribes, is unknown in their language: they wouhl not receive 
 it, u;itil first assured that it was j^iven to them, and their river, by 
 « groat white chief Lord D -laware. The powerful tribe by this 
 name, who formerly occupied a part of New York, New .Jersey and 
 Pennsylvmiia states, are now below a thousand: John Benmm, a 
 Pennsylvania fanner, who died in 1777, was declared by Linnania, 
 to be the ^^reutest natural botanist in the world : the celebrated 
 American novelist, Brown, who died in 1810, was also a native of this 
 «tate. The Mohawks, whose first convert to Christianity, John Tho- 
 mas, died in 1727, aged 110 years, are so-called because cominfr from 
 ihe banks of the Mohawk river. They do not however acknonledgo 
 the tilk?, but call themselves bv n name which, in their own coun- 
 try, means jn-,! sucii pe(>piens they ought to be. The Cherokee are 
 the only modern tribe or nation that can claim the honor of invent- 
 ing an alphabet, which was accomplished, a few years since, by 
 one of their number, known by the anglicised name of (»eorge 
 <iuess. They publish u newspaper, edited partly in English, called 
 **The Cherokee PhuMiix." The worship of idols is discarded by 
 them : just before leaving England, I saw 500 idols, or gods, ship- 
 ped in the London Docks for sale in tlw East Indies, and two mU- 
 4tionanr&, soon after, step'd on board for the ^ame destination ! 
 
 234, Brantford, in the (Jove District, is so named after the 
 celebrated Indian chief, Brant, who died an M. P. P., or member of 
 the Provincial Parliament. VdmiriU Vansittart came to Canada in 
 1834, having a large property in Brantford, settled one of his sons 
 thereon, and another in Toronto : he has had the misfortune to lose 
 his lady, who died soon after her arrival iu America, at Saratoga 
 Springs. Thero are many Irish gentlemen of fortune established 
 in this district, amongst whom is Colonel Martin, brother to tho 
 member for Galway, whom I found most gentlemanly and commu- 
 nicative. Brantford is the locus of coiners : spurious half dollars 
 and base currency, are called, at Hamilton, Bung-town money, in 
 which place a band of regular burglars from the old country havo 
 been just broken up. When Count — or Earl — D'Estang was 
 bombarding Rhode Island, a shot passed through the door of ono 
 Mr. Mason ; whereupon an aboriginec sat himself down with his 
 back to the shot hole, coolly saying, '* Massa, you nebur knov two 
 bullet go in same place." 
 
 235. The wives of Canadian aboriginees arc called squaws, 
 and their children papooses : they are of a less pleasing physiog- 
 nomy than the men : fnhe is the servant of her husband ; her sta- 
 ture diminutive, her looka dowrn^ast, and all her movemcnta thoso 
 
 M 
 
 3i 
 
84 
 
 tiOTVt ON CANADA 
 
 v( the slave. Upon childbirth, ^he will atteruJ to hi;r duties on 'h« 
 next day ! iSoiuo livo t(.' u grctit ago ; hut on account of their pri. 
 vations are suhjcct to various diseases, especially puhuonarv, and 
 gerieniily die earl\ . Thoy have vegetable rerucdies tor all disicoses 
 to which they arc liable, except tiiose introdiuu.d bv l^iropeaiis. 
 Such id their ubhorreeee of ii;j;ricuhijre, that the cirniuon Indian 
 curse is, "May you hf e'>nip<.'il('d, by want, to lill the fjPDUiid." — 
 Of labor, by the bse, an liuli;iu is by no nieai;s fond, at the same 
 time fertile in excuses for his indolence : much after tlio yarne lash- 
 ion ns a r-Mittive rtf ituih' ; >\ho uvr/iimfiiW day in ih' Iiuii; his t\i. 
 th';r looked in ni the cl^^e, to asU how inoe). he hivd e , u- ? *' Why, 
 was the r*;>ply. when I have dune ihfn and f.Tiiolhery, i t»hall have 
 threshed iluec pieces." 
 
 i.';U5. The demiciliatcd Tndinna of Canada in 1758, were six. 
 Ce'jn ihousiuid ; in 1765 loll to 7,4('i(>, and in I HUH were below 
 
 .f I'l 
 
 IP I'^oU, a colony oi tree iieirroes, Irom i.iiicinn:t», in 
 nnndier 7<»t), obtained a graiit of 'J5,0()0 ncres of land, 250 nniea 
 from J)etroit, and located thereon. The hay cal'cd Indian, is a 
 gra«« found only by the abon^ineejj, in marshy places: they plait 
 it into a v;iric:y of forins, which retain tiu! pcrnt v\' new inarlo 
 liay, '-i.'57. The i:!croasM;d price of land in and around Torontu, 
 
 though fitted ojily for buih-hnfr purposes, exceeds even Lo.. don, — 
 That on which I lie house :'?tniidd uherein I ani at pro-'-ent writing, 
 cost ori<4inaliy JJ50, but. would now [irodiico £4,()i)(.) . uhilNta farm 
 fit (lumilion, Bnrhnfilon Ray, tliat 10 years since was odered i'or 
 $ilOO. could not now be bouj'Jit for ^';;30,00(). These lajid specula- 
 tors, if not ."peeddy eluMiked iii th(;ir operations!, will not only work 
 their own destruction, lut as anrcly and ('jfr.rluoUy that of ernigra. 
 lion. Individual avarice, as Wated in note '.209, is the {rreaiej^t evil 
 that can belUll a new coMiilrv. At a Dutch settler.icni, 20 miles 
 from Hamilton, reside two brothers, very wealthy, married to their 
 own .sisti.rs, l>y wliom they have lar^e families ! 8ir Wiiiiam Pul. 
 teney, in 1791, bu\ing l,50U,00t) acres, at Is. per acre, and soc;i 
 after seliin,'.'' 700,000 ut an average of Ss. was the liiv^t land jobber 
 of Carrada. (icn. \Vas;hini|;ton, who commei-cc'l life as a country 
 survev(n', thou<i!i desirous (d" ei.t'jrinsr the IJritioh navy, but dissua- 
 ded therel'rom by iiis mother, wh.o dnul at Ogdensburg, ajred 81, ex- 
 celled in this sort of tratiie, and thereby much increased his |)rivate 
 fortune!. Wjjshintijton was thought invulnerable by the soldiery, 
 because a noted Indian warrior, had seventeen successive tires at 
 him without eiiect, and e\er atio- avoided hini in battle : tlio re- 
 . liowned Kosciusko was one of hLs aides-de-camp, Lee, a disan- 
 guished patriot, and a con<;rp'S.sional member for Virginia, in which 
 state Washinjxton w;is born, had the honor of lirst proposing to that 
 assembl) the Doclaralion of lnde|iendeuee ; nnd Patrick Mcnry, 
 also a native (if Virgin la./first recommended hostile measures against 
 England. This state likew is(? produced the llrat President of Con- 
 
AND THB CNCTED STATES. 
 
 B5 
 
 gress, P. Raridalpli, who died in 1775 : of its 500 settlers, in IfilO, 
 nil died but (50 iii ,six months. 
 
 •i.'JH. Vtif.T a suiiuner .shower, en rf'<'ini>cafrin<.'0 of tho siin, 
 clouds of stpfim iiruiicdialciv nsf-cnd fruui tht- rn.'MLs, likr that from 
 a boiliiitr cutildroi). [ iicvfr knew a pl.icc, Hrtiihton cxroptod, in 
 which llio roiid sludgo dried up so quickly. Fruui Aumist to N). 
 vernber, wliioh inchidos the Indiuu suiuiiit;r, so ralh.'d bocauso tho 
 aborigiiit;( s th^a bviiiti t hoi r luij^^rat ions, the weatluT is irM'ompara- 
 bly drhnhtiul. 2;i;>. The waters of L'ako Ontario — whi<*h are V'.:ry 
 tiu'bid, ot'lca earryiuj; vessels to tiie bottom, as, lately, two Ameri- 
 can shifi-s of V ar, tjjo Scourj^e and Ilamihun, witli all on board — 
 170 miles hDiig-, 4'i7 in circutntVrcncr', SOO feet dorp, ihontfh in 
 some part« utifiitl omablc, and 2;{0 feet abo^e tho levvd of tlio sea, 
 (with which a eai.i! of I'l miles would connect it) on the inar<jin 
 ■whereof stands the capital of Toronto, nevi;r freexo, hence its win- 
 ters are more mild, and j^uinmers less inter^se, -ban in other parts of 
 the provinc(!. The fu'st introduction of coal in the shores of Laki) 
 Ontario, were 23:30 ton.-, in IS'M, through tho Weliund Canal, from 
 the sliite of Ohio. 
 
 240. Many capitalists, upo!i arrival, have boon oCen disap- 
 pointed, because their undertakin<xs were on too large a scnle for 
 the resources of the country to conj[)ensate : provin*,', al^o, too ye- 
 nerally, the (ruth ol" the American apothegm, ' A man must firdt 
 lose a fortum* before he can expect to make one.' Whereas another 
 with a small property, possessing enerjry and perseverance, or ono 
 with only industry and a spade, rarel} complains, and unift)rmly 
 prospers. The history of tho CheNea Pensioners, who conunuted 
 their pensions fur a sum from the government, and cume hither two 
 years since, mourafullv exhibit a contrary result. Ha.ing never 
 handled the axe, quite ignorant of accompts, and equally so in tne- 
 chu'iic iiv^s, they are, as ought to Imve been foreseen, in a deplora- 
 ble state of destitution. :i41. The class of persor.s principaMy 
 wanted here, are small capitalists, farmers, agricultural laborers, 
 with most, if not all the useful trades , lawyers abound — see hote 
 209 — every emigrating one, before he can practise in the country, 
 must first serve live years v. ilh an attorney of the province. At 
 God( rich, a small ,sea-port in tliis stale. mOO ship lurpenter^ have 
 entered into a totnpaet, to tar and featlier tliO fn\-t lawyev who at- 
 lenjpts to settle amongsl them. The chont of one in a neighboring 
 town, on lately executing a bond, instead of the w or d^ Knov' all nivns 
 wrote Kncnv one tmnnan, observing, as he did so, if a woman bo toiJ 
 of a thing, all the world will soon know it. 
 
 242. Large capitalists can find safe and profitable investment 
 in the stocks of the banks and public securities : these pay six. per 
 cent., but those much more. Mortira2;es can at all time?> bo liad 
 nn unexceptionable Kccurity, as there is a ifgister ofTico in each 
 district. Lands are laid out in lots to suit the convonioncQ of pur. 
 
 ■ '•gJi^'tlB 
 
IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-S) 
 
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 fliotographic 
 
 Sciences 
 Corporation 
 
 33 WiSI MAIN STRilT 
 
 WilSTIR.N.Y. 14580 
 
 (71«) •72-4S03 
 

 % 
 
8& 
 
 SOTKi 0,N i A>AtiA 
 
 clmsers ; aud ar»i «o fertile. tli;il barlov sown in Julv, has Ixrctf 
 reaped, aeveral yucccssivo \etns, the second week in .Soptcinljor. 
 In 1732, corn and tobucco wcr*' inatie a It'ij^al leiuler in Murvland ; 
 the furmer at *?0 pence tlie huslicl, and 'lie lutUr at Id. per ll>. — 
 which weed, \a 1G3*J, was lorbiddoii by the ina<;i.st rates ol' .Massa- 
 chusetts to be used publicly. Note. Ser>:;eaiit Andnu Wallace, 
 who fought at Cullo«leii, and in all the bultJea of the revohitionary 
 war, now one hundred and Jive years old, to relieve iiis nece.ssities, 
 exhibited himself at I'eale'd Museum, Now York, in December, 
 1934. 
 
 243. The difTicuhy of a title in the Lower Province, mainly 
 owing to the absence of the for(»guinij; wholesome re.suuinf, mate- 
 rially enhance!^ the risk to purchasers. \Vhen a semniory is «old, 
 one-lilih, called the Kinj^'s quints, i;- uHcnated to the <*rowii ihoiiph 
 it iius become a fashion to cuvil at (bis sort of tenure, slill the rteig- 
 Dor cannot harrash a tenant any thing near so much as a landlord 
 in Europe. There arc 208 «ei<inojies, or fiefs in Lower ( !anada, 
 containing 12,000,000 French arpents.or 10,000,000 En«r!ish acres. 
 The Jesuits of thit* province are now suppressed : the lastof tlieir 
 order was Father Cazot, who erijoyed tlie revenue of their estates — 
 778,000 arpents — which he expended in acta of piety and Lencvo- 
 lence, till his decease, in IHOO, when they became vested in the 
 legislature. The tin roots of th;; cimrches and public edifices of 
 thiw province, in the absence of salinr. air, remain constantly bright. 
 
 244. 'J'lie Canada Land ('(jm| any. formed in England, and 
 holding its meetings, at Canada House, lAuidon, sold, in 1832. up- 
 wards of 1 14.804 acres of land, to red settlers ; 60,770 acres (hereof 
 brought lis. 3d., and the remainder 78 Cd., per acre. Its share* 
 sell for three times their original cost: (heir profits in lit;le more 
 than a year, being JC400,000. The land — averaging- ihem 29 9d. 
 per acre — is reserves and blocks, from 1000 to 40,000 acres each^ 
 comprising 2,493,0' u acres, including 1,100,000 for ihe Huron ter- 
 ritory, through whicii two roads, each more tiian 100 vuiles, liava 
 been already constructed. The first price is JCI, and second 8s 9d. 
 per acre, but, in the Huron district, from 7s fld, to HM. The in- 
 dian tribe so numerous when inhabiting this tract, aro reduced to 
 about 200, and now live in the village of l^orette, near Quebec; 
 and being stationary, form an exce}»iion to the vagabond life led by 
 the other Indians of Canada. Tins district, three y»ar.s only from 
 its opening in 1827, contained 1200 settlers; it has now arrived to 
 the dignity of n county, and sends a member to the provincial pnr- 
 liainent. Its land is excellent, and the company stand engaged to 
 spend £48,000 on improvements. Their chrrg'\s are something 
 higher than the government, but settlers have (he advantage of main 
 roads already formed. They take payment by six instalments ; one 
 to bo paid down, tho others annually, bearing interest. They also 
 provide a (r%e paoago to Toronto, if arriving via Queber, a. way 
 
 i 
 
KSV TH« IMTED afATK*- 
 
 87 
 
 howerer fhni I would iidI rc'con)motjd, on account of its tlan^-r from 
 •ujkcn isiiiticJs of HojitiiifT ii-t' : several pass(.>ng(;rs, or as the rt- 
 suit too ofion ()ruv«,'?, co/Z/Vj-ships from Ktigland, Ixiiig struck this 
 Buintijcr. ami u(Mit down uidi nil on hoarrl ! Whilst a thousand 
 cmiiirinnts have bor-ii l(nt, last year, by shii)wrork. and not one by 
 way of New York. If fortunately osc i()ing this di.«astor. anotluT 
 ill the shape f»t" dinea; ", fr<}Ui tin crowded slate ol' the ship, tooot'- 
 tcn foll(*\»s: as in thr Aurdia tVoru < 'ork, last siir.uuer, uhcri sick- 
 iiess breaking our, the pasjieo;^(!TS — in nundier 'MU — wer.-" quaraii- 
 tinod on (jiro.s.se Island, aud llnTc buried one Uuinlrnl. The cnpi- 
 tatioii tax of Os. per lirad, heretofore pnid by eniigra;its on arrivirg 
 at Qneb»'C, cxpin'd May 1. 18M4. I'aeh emigraiU buvS a right to 
 remain 48 hoAts ou l)oarcl, atler ootniug to ancii-ir. 
 
 2'1">. The expense of conveyance tVoin Quehec to Toronto, is 
 «sf«»ll'>\\s-. (Quebec to Montrciil, ISO miles, is Os. 6<i. ; Montreal 
 to Trescotl, ]'\l() miles, 7s. ; Prescott to Toronto, 2.">(> nijes, It).?. ; 
 all by sK[) and boat. It renuiresi Uia. more for proMsion ; and takes 
 12 days. »Sanie journey, by land, occupies six liav^, and costs jCtj. 
 There arc two carryii.g companies between Montreal Jind (Quebec, 
 who, from opposition, have been known to convey passengers the 
 whole distance, including board, for Od. on deck, and 7s. 6d. in 
 the cabin. Newcastle coal aiii m; in 1 allast, is sold for i.':2^. per 
 chaldron at (Quebec, which was tounded by Champlain m lOtH, 
 and is either a corruption iVoni the French of Quri her, or that of 
 the Algonquin Indian word of Quilibfk, which anawera to its sin- 
 gular appearance. Its warehouses, in the Lower town, are called 
 hansarfh. 'J'his province bein2 originully setiled by the French, 
 their language is consiantly spoken, the conliiniance of which, on 
 annexation to the liritish I'liipire, was a great political oversight, 
 and has contributed, more than any other cause, to the unhappy 
 dilTcrences that prevail in this part of ('anada. The winter at Mofi- 
 treal — from amount in the rear of the ttr.vn 80t) feet high, c;dled 
 mount -10 i/oK bv Cartier, in IoHj, and the Seigueury of St. Real — 
 is two months shorter than in Quebec, wherein, and at (irosse Is- 
 land, hard by, an English penny piece, hallpennv, and farthing 
 pass alike for a copper, or Can.idian halfj)enny, the want of which 
 coin (a farthing) in the money tokens of tiie [irovinco, occasions it 
 a very serious loss. The library of F. I'leming, Ivsq.. Montreal, 
 comprising 12, ()t)0 vols, sold by auction, Si |>t. 8, 18;J3, was tho 
 largest ever oflered for Hale on the American continent. Joseph 
 Lancaster, so well known in F.ngland, on the subject of education, 
 is an inhabitant of this city. He has recerklly figured in one of its 
 rivil courts, for defnmaMon, and mnlci.ed in a penalty of .^200. Tjie 
 Quarterly Review of Hll, and the Satirist of IS13, give another 
 account of him. A new association, chartered in London, called 
 the Rritish American f.and rompany, for Lowpr C'anadn, where 
 it has purchased 850,000 acres of land, has just gone into opera- 
 
88 
 
 NOTES ON CANADA 
 
 i 
 
 tlon : the shares on which £2 only were pnid by the holders, ini- 
 medjateiy rose in the market U) £7. Tiie prevailin;; rcli^'ion is 
 Catholicism ; its revenues are Irirge anil much increased h}' a (5ne 
 of eight per cent on nheiiation, or purchase of real estates in t!u} 
 seigneury of Montreal, 'i'lio frontier of Ijowor Canada being pos- 
 scKsed by the orinrinal Frf noii settlers, the tMit<Mior ahtric is open 
 to those of nf^w. Kinsston is considered the key of lij)por Cana- 
 da. In this town resided a person who, because the legislature 
 granted 81, for cverv wolf's sc.ilp brought in from the woods, to 
 efTect tlieir extermination, privately bred them to ol)iain the roward. 
 210. Ifk the township o!'(J\i('i[)li, comprising 47,()l)() acres', be- 
 longing to the Canada Conlpp.n^ , l!ie cclehratcd Mr. d'alt, tiieir ci- 
 devant secretar}-, commenced an elegant mansion called The Prio- 
 ry : he is replaced bv the Hon. W. Allan, INF. .lones, Esq. and Dr. 
 iJutdop. 'i'he original of Lawrie Todd, a character so ably delinea- 
 ted in (iaif's novel, and who has .since pub.ish'ul his own life, is 
 Mr. 'J'horhurn of Xow York, a wealthy seedsman and Horist, doing 
 busincs.s ujion a large scale, in extensive premises, Lil)erty-str(>et, 
 formerly a Quaker's meeting-house. Enoch Crosby, also, the pro- 
 totype of riarvcy Hirch, in Cooper's novel of the The kSp\, is still 
 living, aged S.'J : he was spv of the neutral groimd in l77tJ, and 
 saved Washingfoii's annv at While Phiins. (iuel;di is approached 
 through an avenue of stafclv trees. 150 feel wile, and 7 miles long. 
 
 247. Mr, IJuchanan, chief agent for emigrants in the Cana- 
 das, made a tour this year througli ilie !'[>|.er Province: all the 
 settlers that he saw wrrr. sa'isfuHl with fhoir prospects and condi- 
 tion. He found a great want of laborers, insomuch that clearing, 
 which was recently ten, had advanced to 817 the acre. There 
 was employment for at least 20,000 hands. Instances are here re- 
 corded of men without Cii[Mlal, friends or credit, realising, from 
 land, by the sweat i>f their hrow, a comfortable inde|)endpnce in 
 four years. Clearing land around Toronto is 812 an acre, in the 
 Newcastle District i 1, but. the Western, from lack of laborers, 24. 
 
 248. Upper Canadn — .040 miles long and 140 broad, contain- 
 ing 89,600,000 acres of Ir nd, and by some called tlie garden of 
 America — has encrea.eed Iter jiopulation, since 1800, frotn 70,000 
 to 338,000 ; and Lower Cfinada, same period, from 250,000 to 
 542,000; a fourth only being Untish, the remainder French; 
 hence the names IJnhitavs for its peasantry. Every principal town 
 is obliged, by act of parliamer.t, to have one Englisli school; not. 
 withistanding, a friend a.ssnrrd m(! he hail senn a petition to the le- 
 gislature, with several thousand airixes, not more than titlleen of 
 the petitioners being able ^o write their niinjos. The climate and 
 soil of Upper, are considered superior to Lower Canadn. No 
 part of America is advancing with so much rapidity, \\\ wealth and 
 population, as the former rrgion : lis 1)55,113 acres of lund undor 
 cultivation in 1824, are now swelled to millions. 
 
xyV THE UNITED BTATES. 
 
 89 
 
 249. T Hawke, Esc is tin nijcnl for omi^ranls at Toronto ; 
 n department he formorly cund icltnl at Moiiiifal, wbr-rein is n. 
 hunting clult wnh a pi.ck of fnx houruls. Th** rupid of St. Mary is 
 i\ serious (ibslfiicli'iu to tho harbor of iMontrcal ; wiuioul a. strong 
 North-easter, ships cannot possibly stcfn it ; anil are sonioiimus 
 lietaiiicd, two niilcs only front their destinaium, for weeks topolhor. 
 Liitely two .ships, troiii the ()!<l couri'ry, arrived in company at 
 this t 'irrcr.t ; one got into harl)..r, unloaded, relVeighted, sailed 
 for Kn^^land, dischari'ed and reloaded, then returned, aud iound 
 the companion of her lirs» voyage still in the rapiil ! 
 
 'JoO. .St. Lawrence was a name lirsit givei to the hay, by 
 Jacques ('drticr, because ho diseov^red ii. on l\n: icjitival of f?aint 
 Lawrence, then t!;e iiul|)h, I'.nd lastly ihe river of (..'ana(!i : tho 
 dilliculty and danfrcr of navigating which, by \iyagours froin En- 
 gland have occasioned a geiuMal j)refercnce to New York puekels, 
 and ihenee via the Hudson, Oswego, etc. to (^ana<la. If we include 
 its Irihutarios, tho .St. Lawrence is larger than the Amazon; its 
 vast ba^in coi tain.-; more tliaii ono halt a» much us all Ihe fresh 
 valor in the globe. 
 
 liol. Liiiigration from Kngland to ('ani.da, oivide/l into lipprr 
 nnd Lower in ll'M, since l^\l\), has exceeded 1 4 .'),()()(). Nearly 
 G1>,(HU) in 1"^;J-J; of this number 40,000, who depo.sited riOO,Oob 
 sovereigns in ilm Ivutk. were to the I'pper Provinci;. 'i'fose of 
 la?t year were chu^'ly of Mibslanee : w Iwlst others who dependei.l 
 upon their own exeriioas, have uniformly succeede<l ; and can Vm^ 
 he surprising, m p counlry where ])ublic and parochial burduus, 
 may be saal to ho linknown. Sj^ring, from its -".ivorublo wmds, is 
 the best sea lor er.":;.>rat!iig. 
 
 Ui'ri. Crown lands may be obfained upon the following terms ; 
 fifty acres to eacli head of a family at live shillings per acre : tho 
 first in-!talment to he paid at the end of three years, and the ren.ain- 
 der by annual [niymenfs, in three years ihf.relVom. Tjus has smco 
 unders'uie tome modification, without materiallv aUerin:: the ori- 
 ginal principle. Tue gf>vornment will build a log house, on each 
 res[jective lot ; and will also afford assistance in oitening roads on 
 all new locauofis. An acr«; of wilderness, if soft wood, may bo 
 cleared in a week, and il' hard, in Ji tortmght or thereabouts. It 
 should be observed that einplo\ment by ilie side of rivers, or m low 
 ground.s, is sure to bring on the feve: and ague. 
 
 25.*i. 'I'he biick townships oC Newcastle District, with those of 
 Caradoc, Adelaide, Warwick and l'Uiii[>ton, in that of London, 
 and Oro, Onlia. and i\ledonle in the Uome Distnct, form the wild 
 lands oi' tho Crown, u|>on whioh the poon-r emigrants arc rapidly 
 settling. In spito ol the diflicullii s of a fir.st sojourn m tho wilder, 
 noss, thoy have each from 'iO to ,'{0 acres cleared, with snug liuild- 
 ingm, and the necessary appendages ol farming Kfock : whil.-^t tho 
 district population has oncieased, during tho Insf nine years, from 
 
 A 
 
»0 
 
 XOrVfl 0.> fA.VADA 
 
 Ceri fo thirty thousaiul. Tlie «irij,Mil!ir nnmes of «omo fowtn in thi« 
 itndoihet districts ori<;inuto(i ^v■itll .Sir l*frt'i.'ri!io .Muitlmiul, v/ho had 
 u penchtuit for Snanisli nritucs, 2'>1. Thu uvurrigc exptMiso of 
 each ernij>rant, iiicludinjr passiiLjc, locniiou, hiuI su;>|)ort lor firtoon 
 inoiilhs ul'ler arrival, is t'stitnaled at £'2'2. The choa|M>st cabin pas- 
 anjre to (Canada, is in the Leith parkuts, being jCITj only with 
 wine and 8|Mrits, and luit £\'Z wilhuiit. All itnplfinents of husban- 
 dry nro so inferior here, that the agriculturist must b& careful to 
 provide a good supply. 
 
 2o5. 'I'he front townships are irrigated with innumoraldo 
 Btreams, whereon are many niilis and various tnachinery. Mew- 
 caslle District did not contain a single t«nvn in 1817, but has now 
 Cobourg, the capital, Peterl)orough, INiri Hope, (iraflon, and about 
 u dozer others. The best bridge in Tpper Canada, is in tins Dis- 
 trict, connecting the banks of the river Trent, at the village ot' 
 that name ; it is 750 feet long, and 'S'2 broad. So I'ertilc is the vir- 
 gin soil, that one bushel of !*eed conrinionly yields forty of produce. 
 Many gentlemen from Kngland are hero practising Canadian farm- 
 ing With success. The wife of a .Mr. Bennett, in the neighbour- 
 ing district of London, having broughtbirn three sons at one birth, 
 ho, in conipliniem to the governor. Sir .lohn Colbrirne, a most es- 
 timable inun, named the tirst Sir, the second John, and the third 
 Culbornc. 
 
 256. The largest quantify of land that will be s<»Id, by tho 
 government, to one person, is 10,(K)0 acros : if he should want 
 more, he must apply, iu writing, through the lieutenant governor, 
 to his maj'jsly's principal secretary of .state for the colonies. Per- 
 s«jns desirous of actpiiring land without purchase, must apply to 
 the surveyor general's (dhce, Toronto. Copies of form will bo 
 supplied on payment of 23. 6d. The largest mibtary grant now 
 made, without purchase, is 1200, formerly 5000 acres; the smal- 
 lest 100. 'J'he duiy called settlemerit, is clearing five acres out of 
 a hundred ; for which government allows two years; but this, in 
 favorable weather, may bo «lone in one month. 
 
 257. In townships arounu Lake St. Clair, a 200 acre lot has 
 been sold for a barrel of pork, and often in the way of trade, al 
 one shilling per acre. The term Concession, and laying out roads 
 by the Diagram, is after the French lashion, A township is usu. 
 ally divided into 12 ranges or concessions, 28 lots each, of 200 
 acres, di8!ingui«>hod as the 1st, 2nd and so on. The footpaths of 
 rtew towns and sotne villages, both in the States and Canada, havo 
 u curb of single timber, w<dl secured, wtiicli answers the doublo 
 purpose of restraining encroachments on ilie road, and afTordinga 
 means of gr.lting from house to house in unfav(jrab!e weather. 
 
 258. Tiic town line road betwnen Oro and Medonte, with 
 Cold Water on the East, were opened in 1832, and ore passable, 
 for aoy kiad of carriages, at all seasons of iho yoar. Many of its 
 
 V 
 
JLND TlIK C.IITKU rrA TKS. 
 
 Ul 
 
 
 seltlers liav.! 1000 buahnls oT potatoos for sale ll'is full, besiiles corn 
 arid othor produce : aiul stune from 1') to 25 acres of wheat so\mi : 
 tilmoHt evcr>' fijrnily has a cow, and several a yoke of oxen each. 
 
 '^50. Coacidertng that thcac poor aettlera had nt)t a shillinji to 
 begin with, whori h/cutiii^ last sprinj^, ihoir hucccas is surprising, 
 and in«.<- bo cheeriug to tltoMi who intend following. Purchasers 
 of land, from individuals, eiioiild ascertain, before acceptance, that 
 the measurenient is correct, or they may be involved, like many of 
 the original holders, in interminable lawsuits. Settling upon new 
 lands, iiainediaiely after clearing, ia attended Mith danger; time 
 shoidd bo allowcfl for drawiug otf those vppours, which have been 
 peut up for ages in the dark shatlows of the forest. 
 
 ti60. The tirst seulenieut foru»e.l in Upper Canada, is that of 
 the bay of Uuiute, proiMMinced kan-ty^ '261. The U. E. I.oy- 
 alists, mean f 'iiiied Emjtirc I..(>yalist9, ihose who, at the separation 
 ot America from England, preserved thoir allegiance and fled into 
 Canada. Tlte heads of such faiiiilicK and all their desccndiius, on 
 sirriving at the age ot '21 yeaif!, are entitled to 2u0 acres of land. 
 The designallim 11. E. h. wiu^ introduced by Lord Dorchester, who 
 first settled 0^^ towasiiip of Liuisdown, U. C. in Hr^O. Upon sel- 
 ling his lot, it not locating thereon, a U. E. executes a bond, co- 
 venanting to transfer the proper deed, on its receipt : here the buyer 
 must 1180 caution, aal know a U. E. share — usually selUng at jC!5 
 — being bought, accompanied by a bond for £150, to baud over ll;e 
 patent upon arrival from the landotTice; but before this haj>poned — 
 sometimes delayed a year or more — the land rose in value in £ i5tti> ; 
 whereupon the U. E. paid the bond, and kept his lot, TWi^ might 
 be remedied, and the simplification of conveyance at once accom- 
 plished, by the introduction of power of attorney. On no accoinit 
 conclude a bargain for land, until you have lirsi examined the Dig. 
 tficl register. The revolutionary war which begat the U. E. rights, 
 reminds one of that at Paris, in 1630. called the throe glorious days. 
 One half the mercantile houses in that ca[)ital, and other large 
 towns, became bankrupt ; the efforts of industry were in no demand ; 
 every species of Irado at an entire stand still ; and two hundred 
 booksellers failed. The lust year's expenditure of (^harles X, was 
 £39,1)00,000, the first year of Louis Phillippc, the man of the peo. 
 pie, was £60,000,000 : tints a means that proposed making all peo- 
 ple happy, not oidy failed in so doing, but introduced misery and 
 wretchedness unexampled, dimiriishod every man's property one 
 third, and added to the national burdens one hiilf. And, in the 
 French revolution, says the repuidican Prudhomme, 1,0*22,351 hu- 
 limn viclims were immolated on the altar of liberty. 
 
 2d"2. To place tho settler still further on his guard, a certain 
 Canadian land owner realized a largo sum, by procuring copper 
 ore and forwarding it to England, unblushingly asserting that it 
 had been dug from the lands he then olFcrefl for sale. Whilst a 
 
 N 
 
n 
 
 M>r»« u>( c.< t \i*v 
 
 friend, travolling this sprjnjr in flu; wildernpHS of ( 'anail.i, c:iin(r 
 unrxpeclodly upon men plantiiiji yoiini; fruit tn es, curivcyed tliuhor 
 by wnlcr, that iIm'V mi^lif ili'Tchy onliarico the \alu«j of their sale 
 lots, l)v statint; (l»at \\\v.\ abnUcd on .i rlicrry fr'Tilcn, or wero siir- 
 rouucN'd l)y a wild orchard. A sfitlor fhat I kixr.w boii<!;Ul u farm 
 f«H 150 ^umoas, of a rrsidt i\f merchant, htit in two yrars wa.s 
 rjectf'd by lb*; riifht oirnrr : all lie ^o» of JiIm rnonoy, was CoO m 
 dainaj^cd iroods, not wurth so many sbdlit)gH. 'J'bo sctljpr uould 
 also do Wf'li lo rem; inber. that an \rn"ri(.nn may bu\ land, but, un- 
 lt\'-H bo has b« on natiirab/iMi, caniH't hcll it. 'rinis >[i. lJail(\, of 
 Haniiliun, pnrcha.-^iiii; a lioiij^o on Jobii Siroot. it turnod out tbattbo 
 yollfr. an Atiiprican, bad nt>t tHk»Mi fbo «)aths i.t allci^iance ; no 
 otbtT disadvantaof;, bowcvor, i.'s iln-d Iron) tills circtnnMaiioo, than 
 obb/{in^ him to rcinovr the building — a common tbinj^ in A)nerica, 
 sec Jiott; "JO — which doiii;:, to a vacat;' sj)of, in ih-- rear; thn:!< real- 
 ized the anomaly <if a frccliojij bou.so upon hired land. 
 
 20H. Takinfjj pQ.ssossion. alb'f i»urciia;so, is called, in (be pina- 
 jieolopyof the coaiiirv. dra\\in<r your land, The (juantity ni' land 
 di^scrib(;d a.s locatfil in i'lv.or oi" I . 1'. f.o\ali^ts. is !,'>() I.dOO acres, 
 nnd for ?nilitia rlaimants .'jOljlDO arrc^. Canadians arc -tomewbat 
 jealoud of the Americans ; that they are mecrotly maun^uvcring, 
 not exactly m ilb the incdli nsive good humor of a nim;b respected 
 yeoman of l'j);!laiid, in whose ■^e([uestered dweihiijjr 1 some tnn(5 re- 
 Hidc-J. who was lond ot" po/uio- ihe Irarii'd wiih — Can y<'0 spell 
 bullock in /«'<> lettiM' •(•>'■) l^'it ralhej after the inordinate examplj 
 of Abab of old, so piihily recorded by the sacred historian, .lonu- 
 than distmtruishcs ,i i)iifrh or French C'anadian, by iho tcrtn Kamih. 
 
 tiO-J. 'J'bf* .MaiM'iis ol IJatli, It^.'H, piirllv opened (bo township 
 of Dummer, in New<%;stlc Disu'iet— s<> named from my friend th«? 
 liou. Chief .lustiee William Dnmmcr Ponell, recently deceased — 
 as a settlement for a portion <»f bis cottafjistenants ; it is prosper- 
 ous, and consists* of about 700 souU. They were preceded by a 
 ?m<^ration of sixty-fivo persons from aiioiju'r part of In-: estates, 
 situated in (\nxley, nt^ar ^V;lrmmsle^', VViils.. who I undcrstau<l, 
 are also doin^' well. The individual expcii.se of each, including 
 provisions, passnge, and 'i.xs. upon arrival, as pocket money, was 
 but £0 ! The M.-inpiis" e\ampl»; has been followed by the Karl ot 
 I'igremont, and other nobleincti, with eipial ?<uecess ; and, lhon|;;h 
 less ree,ently, by many otheiv, with sinnlar results • uhilsian Irish 
 peer of amiable character nnd preat wealth, is now in this coun- 
 try, makinif arrangemf^nts for locatmtr a considerable number of 
 the slurdy laborers on bis domains. 'I'hc system of sending: (nit 
 parish poor with sovereijins liiiglinn In iluMr pockets upon lardin;^. 
 ia a wroujir one : (he novcltv of thiMr siliiation, villi (he seductions 
 of cheap Inpiov — disiillc.j fron)thc refuse of farms anil the ma'-kets 
 — added to a hundred oiher evil,"! in the train of i<llenes<J and vice, 
 bring on speedy dissolutior), or prostrated enerf;i'\s. To remedy 
 
A!S1> TIIK I'MTKU STATES. 
 
 93 
 
 tins. Ill a 1 'Mifuk'ntial person ftccoinpuny ihem lo their dcsUnaiion, 
 pruvi<lo t-Ncrv [Wiu^i iiccorisary, hut carehiil) withhold all pecuniary 
 aid, until liiialiy •.■slabli.-ilied on their rcspoclivo locatioiiS. 
 
 2(i^' In tlie townsihip of Vaughan, York routity, were found, 
 in 183:^ n.ny ancient enlr^nchnients, embedded deeply in the 
 earth, conlainin^ large; quantities of imrnan l>one« of cnormou-i 
 si/c, ,/hieh from theirdepih ami pi ■ration nnist have beoii there tV-r 
 ages. U'biJst the wostern aiiticjuitien of Amenca, rcceiilly disco- 
 ered, have been proved, by the learned, to have existed more than 
 a thousand years. *^()0. In this township, and 15 contiguous 
 «j!jes, land?* are granted on the old foes; or IT) Ms. Id. on 100 
 acres, £U\ 17s. Cul. upon i»00, and €9a IRs. 4d. on I'iOO. Tho 
 government purchas«^ froni ll)':; Indians comprises 10,00<,».OUO acres, 
 for which ihey receive, m clothint; ane other necessiaries, £4.000 
 aiumally. Upper Canada has JJKJ townships, (Iif>wer do. 140) 
 laid out, contaimng. with the Indian purchasti-, 18,J)U0,000 acres. 
 
 207. IVrsons desirous of having ineir Irish fnonds sent out, 
 v-a Quebec, embarking at Londonderry, can do ^o b\ | aying tho 
 following iates at ilie oflioe of Messrs. Ihiclianan and Co., Mont- 
 real, Mr. Arm.strong, 31 Yonge Street, Toronto, or at the town of 
 Omagh, Ireland : for adult.s, £'2 IVJs. Cd. ; children al)ovc 7, ^lOs. 
 and if under, 17k. Od. which includes water aiul Kiel; each pas- 
 .'^engev linding his own provision. Those arriving by way of (^uc- 
 bee, should beeareful how th<'y select a steam boat lor Toronto, 
 else thev may •^mburk in an American one, rmd by being conse- 
 ijuently landed ai Oswego or Rochcslcr, exclusive of the disap- 
 pointment, be subject t(. a heavy duty on their baggage. 268. To- 
 ronto is ore <d' the host .-iitnalions f(jr respectable families and emi- 
 grants to stop at, until tlicy have decided on their location : to 
 which may be added Kingston, Cobourg, Port Hope, Si. Cathariucs, 
 Niagara and Ilamdton. 
 
 209. Tlie regular \ew York Packets sail from Liverpool on 
 the 1st, Hill, lOlh, & 24lh of every month. The IJritish government 
 jiave appointed agents in the towns of Liverj)ool, Bri:^fol, Dublin, 
 lielfasl, Cork, Limerick, and C-reenock: each town finds them an 
 r)tlice and lodgings, and the state a salary of JC20S 1 5s, per ann. 
 Their duties are to examine the passenger sJiips, that they arc pro- 
 perly equipped and conditioned for the vo\age ; to receive applica- 
 {ions from persons either about to emigrate, or to send out em- 
 igrants ; to giv«.- them advice, and every other intormalion graiut. 
 loiisly. so as elTeclually to see that tho proviaions of the law are 
 fullilleG, and to prevent commission of frauds on the unwary, which 
 of late have been so o'Urageous at Liverpool, tluil the business of 
 providing ])assage for eniigraiUs to America, principally carried on 
 in cellars opening to the streets, has been fliere denominated the 
 whitt^ dai;c troilc, and thcu fouductors culled ichtle .slave deqkrs. 
 
u 
 
 NOTKK 0>' CANAPA 
 
 'i»: 
 
 270. The line boats which star' i'ram Ailmiiy to Sch»;iHc<acIy, 
 in your way to UpiHsr C'anadu, go "iik iiuIom per lioiir, taking i.> stop- 
 pages, charginm 1^ cent per fnil'\ iiichiding HourH. Thin modu is 
 prtferreii by large- iUniihc'', uiul priidoiit tHjUlors. Thofo wIk> vie- 
 tuul thcir)»eive8, shoiild purchiiso their proviMioim at Albany. Mr. 
 C. Smith, rur\viirdiiig ag<^nt in this city, will advii^; eintgrHnfg on 
 the best inodu of procee«ling. From the great hurry aud coiiCuijioii 
 at th« various pluccH on your iourney, it bohovcH you to koe|i u 
 steady eyo on \«iur baggage. '27\. Those who wish to reach 
 Upper Canada west of Kingston, and bordering on Lnke OntarN), 
 Bay of Uuinte, Diotrictd ot* N<!Wcastlo, York, Hauiilton or(»uclph, 
 the line ol' the VVellaud canal and Niagara, the route by Oswego 
 will be the most direct. Upon going by Oswego, you inuMt pro^'.oed 
 no further, by the Erie tir Wiytcrn canal, than JSyracuse, 17 i miles 
 from Albany. At. Syracuse they turn oft' by a branch canal on tho 
 right, to Oswego, distant ^0 miles, m which place emigrants will 
 derive evciv information from Mr. Bronson. Othenj destined to the 
 Grand River, I'ori Stanley, Talbot settlement, London District, and 
 situations contiguous to Lakes Erie and St. Clair, will goon to Buf- 
 falo by the Erie canal, whence steamboats and schooners ply daily 
 to all the principal landings on the American and Canadian shores 
 oi Lake Erie. Thos'; wishing to cross the Niagara frontier, Ca- 
 nada side, from Buffalo, can do so every half hour by the ferry at 
 Black Rock, 2 miles tVom Buffalo, and 14 above the Falls of Nia- 
 gara. From Chippawa, 'i miles higher up, the British steamboats, 
 Thames and Adelaide, make regular weekly trips to the head of 
 Lake Erie, on the Canada side, culling at Black Rock and Buffalo 
 each way. Stages are continually going from the ferry, on tho 
 Canada side, to tlie city of the Falls, and the town of Niagara on 
 Lake Ontario, from '.vhence a steamboat proceeds lo Toronto — later 
 York— dail> . 
 
 272. Route from New York to Upper Canada, west of Kings, 
 ton, via Oswego and Buffalo. Now York to Albany 160 miles by 
 steamboat. Albany to Utica 1U> do. by canal or stage. Utica to 
 Syracuse 55 do. Syracuse to Oswego 40 do. Syracuse to Roch- 
 ester 99 do. Rochester to Buffalo 9;^ do. Expense from Albany 
 to BuflUIo, exclusive of board, l»3, 63; time going 8 days. By pac- 
 ket boat and found 812,25, and 6 days going: by stage $14, and 
 time 4 days. From Albany to Oswego, by canal, 5 days going, 
 82, 50 ; or by stage, in two days, 87, 873, The route from 
 New Y'ork to Montreal, Quebec, and all parts of Lower Canada. 
 New Y'ork to Albany, 160 miles by steamboat, from one to throe 
 dollars, exclusive of hoard. Albany to Whitehall, by canal, 7.1 
 milos 81 ; by stage 83. From Whitehall to St. John's, by steam- 
 boat, in the cabin, with board 85 ; dock passage without board 82. 
 St. John's to Lapraire. 17 miles, per stage, 81. Lapraire lo Mon- 
 treal, by ferry-boat, % miles, sixpence, Montreal to Quebec, by 
 
AISU THK l\'«ITiD STAIK*. 
 
 
 Hleaniboat, 1>^0 iihIch, in the cubin nnd lK)ar<lcd £1 : deck passogo 
 vitliout board, 7s. Od. 
 
 274. T'bose pror,ocdinj» to the coutorn parts of Lower <'atiada, 
 in the vioiiiiiy ot" Sherbrooke, Stanstoad, Sec. will prorced to St. 
 Joliu's from whence good roa«ls lead Ut nil the setllod townshipii 
 eastward. It" they are goinp to the Ottawa river, they will proceed 
 from Montreal to Lachine, whence stagey, steamboats and butteaiix, 
 u Hort of Durham-bouts, go daily to (Ironville, Hull, and Uyiown ; 
 as also to Chiiiiaugnuy, Cllengarry, ('(.rnwall, Prescott, and all parts 
 below Kitigstoii. iMiiigrnnts can avail themselves of the advice an«l 
 information of the following gentlemen : Mr. Buchanan at Montreal. 
 Mr. Haye-^ at Lachine, and Mr. Patton at Prescott. 
 
 275. Laborers or mechanics dependant on immediate employ- 
 ment, should proceed, on arrival, into the country. The chief 
 agent will consider such persons as may loiter about the ports of 
 landing Jour days after their arrival, to hav«: iw further claims on 
 the protc'.fion of his mnjeslv's agents, for a'siistanfo or e»*:j.lo\n)('nt, 
 unless they have been <ktaiiK:d by sicklies)?, or some other satisfnc- 
 tory cause. 
 
.sf 
 
 # 
 
A D D t: N D A 
 
 TO NOTEy UPON CANADA AND THE UNITED STATCa. 
 
 ft has lonjz hooti a sulijocl Ot much fliscussinn aino"gFt tho 
 IcnriH cl, jis lo tho prolnhlo means In wlncli Aiin.'ricn was fust p''o. 
 |>!c(l ; ilic ii.'si I fMM'ivtd ()|>iMioii iv., that iho uboi i^iiiecs o\' this ro;:ioti 
 emi^ri.i( il from iho iiDiih-eastoni parts of Am.), no^sii!;; ovtr ut 
 n^riiny'.'* s'lMit.-i, soparaiiii}^ ihi. Amorjoim and Asiaiir contiurrifs, 
 whn'li 111 hitituiii; (•({'^ iioiiii, are but (!i;^ht<'Oii milos ariiiidcr. In 
 co.iiiiniaiiiM) ol' this opinion, it i-s known tliat the naiivis of each 
 coMMtiunt «)ricii pass and r<>piis.s in <;aiiO(!s, a id that th( m' nntnicrs 
 B'mI hiii}iiiafr«' Very 'losclv approxini itc. ']'h<>r(j Nv<,>re ihrof; krids 
 of ^«)\«';iMnciil.s in the Uriii^ih c tlftuios; the fu.st was a charier one, 
 OS tti(»seof C'otinei^licMt and Uhod.' I^huid: tho second a prnpru'lary, 
 OS Pi'iKis, l»aniit, Maryhmd, N(%\ Jorney, and the C'atohnas: tlie 
 thir<J a royal jjovt rnment, snch wen; N<!U' flainpshire, MasM.iehu. 
 eeits, N(!\v York, Viri<inia and (jeor{j;ia. Aniuricans i:i the u>uid 
 occepJaloii of the term, may be said to beh)n<» to n nation \Nithout 
 a name, as the riaMve jKtpid.dioti, from the Noiihern frozen oet?ati 
 to Cap*^ II'>ru, l:iv(i (his appelatido, \vhi«;h imiy also be eqiMlly 
 shar. «1 !>y the ('ima.!ia;.s, thi- Mexieans. the lira/.iiians, and each 
 repuh'uc of Snulh America. I>r. Mitehdl, a tnrmhcr of ('oi.<ir(.'s.s, 
 6a\v ihis inconvenience, and proposed it.s renjetly l)y a very proper 
 name " /Vr (/(»/jia" \\hich, ho>\ever, was not accepted. 
 
 To Noi'i; 1. 1 hive kiu»\vn ror(y-fiv(! (h'o|.s (tf' Liinlanum to bo 
 n specific ajrainsl .sea-sicUness: ii is luupa^lif/nahly mnch abated by 
 accommodating oneself to the motions of the ship ; and often con. 
 quered by hiving fast hold of some firm fixture, on the firiit ir.dica^ 
 tion of nausea. 
 
 I'mpire S'atc : this is fnrther ovidcviced on tho amis thereof 
 — heraldry in a r>pnblic — svhich have the moiio Fxctl.sior, more 
 elevated. When this subject was before the old ('ongress, a stem 
 levell'M* (•bjecliMl to an eagh: as< loo kmulv ; wtierenpo:i auollier pro* 
 posed the gohsr, so tiuly republic vri, whilst her g<)«;|iMgs mi^ht dc 
 corate the minor cent piec»'S. E"i| Pembrtihis IJSoO, was the first 
 iiista!'.c<i of a ^subject quarU-rin^ aims: one ol" the most sii.gular 
 quiirteriigs known, as a niaik of honor, is the paferna! C'b\ of our 
 ancient family of Dal/iel, which is a man that hash en h'in>je(h but, 
 when frivon originally by king Kenneth II. he \\as then suspended 
 from a gibbet. 
 
 7. Dr. P«)WcU, in his history of Walow, endeavours to wrest 
 
 this honor from Columbus, tho son of, and hinifself a weaver, who, 
 
 it has lately been ascertaituMl, was a (Jenoese not a Spuniaid, by 
 
 claiming it for his countryman, Madoc Gw\nei}', in 1170. \Vhen 
 
 Diaa discovered the Cape of (jiood Hope iu 1446, he hud but two 
 
 B 
 
APPKM)\. 
 
 vessels ol' fifty tons each. 01" the 1S,000 rcyidont person.'i of color 
 in New York, 75 only lia\(: sutfjciont property •.•utitling them to vote. 
 Most p«TSoi)s ill Maine and New Ilanipshire bearing the name of 
 Mar, aro descendants from the ICarj of Mtir, who conunandetl the 
 Pretender's arniv in the Scutch rebellion. 'I'hree fanners in the 
 latter state, pn.s.sesisin^ ?jfinie knowledge lu (Jeulugy, \vhi<-.h they had 
 acquired In attending hetures, recently bought a portion of hmd 
 ahoundnig with the finest grunite, for $J3U00, which ihey subse- 
 quently sold fur $5()(),0()0 ! The first christian marriHge in New 
 England wiis E. V\in«Iow, in 1G21, agent to the Plymouth compa- 
 ny, with Mis8 White: and Peregrine White, l(i"20, was the first 
 child born therein of toginh parents. Orthodox Polish Jews deem 
 it a profanation of their .s;ibbath t<t speak Polish >m that day. Shortly 
 after the Israelites deporture tVom bondage, they oU'ered for the ta- 
 bernacle gi>UI and silver to the amount of one himdred and seventy 
 millions sterling ! which doubtless were a part of their small borrow- 
 ings from the l^gypfians. I am at a loss to discover where the re- 
 ligion of this people i.^ iKjuto be t'nuiid ; not certairdy in their deal- 
 ings or their dwellings, neither in their temples nor their cemeteries, 
 f«>r in all these have I most utlentively observed them. Joseph Hess, 
 silversmith, l^ord street. Liveipo'd. recently on a Grand Jury for 
 the c^^mt^, b(Mng sworn upon the Pentateuch, is the first Jew Juror 
 in England, I'hc good peoj)Ie o| New IJedford, Mass. lank cext to 
 Yankees m iho (.ccult mysteries oT driving a bargain. An old lady 
 of that town had two sons, the one ten and the other twelve years of 
 age, who were such real New Bedforders, she said, that when shut 
 up in a close room one hour together, 'Mliey will make $0 pro/it a 
 piece, m swai»ping iack»'fs with each other." 
 
 10. The t'ourth line of this note is not intended for the lower 
 class of Americans, who are too oflcn slaves to dirt and sottish habits. 
 The commonalty here, as in most other countries, arc noted for vq. 
 lubility of speech : in this respect, persons of small understanding, 
 having only one set of ideas, with but one set of words to clotho 
 them, have the advantage over men of sense and erudition : for 
 people come faster out of church, if it be nearly empty, than wnan 
 a crowd is at the rloor. The terms " Board and Lodging" nro 
 substituted in New York advertisements and window notices, by 
 *' Board and residence." Pans now supercedes tiiC latter city anil 
 Philadelphia, as an asylum for those men of genius, the unfor- 
 tunate hrav:, who have too much talent (o live in England. A friend 
 carving a fowl at a dinner parly in the Broadway, asked an Ame- 
 rican lady present, if .she would prefer a leg? when feeling her de. 
 lioacy invaded by its being so culled, she actually U 1\ the table • 
 yet this sarno lady, shortly after, was seen at the drawing-room win. 
 dow quietly adjusting her garter ! Note ; dark or ehfry are used 
 here, for h^g of a fowl, and tphitf meat for that of the breast. 
 
 11. The first house in New York that changed leaden gutters 
 end window sashes for those of wood, was No. 176 Water Sireet. 
 
\UI)KM>1. 
 
 3 
 
 a bad exchange however as, iu Ihe event of fire, they form lines of 
 inflamable c.ommuni( ation. No city in ihf Union is so filthy : inud 
 lies often in tli(> streets for weeks, ankle iloop, and I. uail |»n;^'er3 
 team with e|)i.s(le!< from defunct dogs and cats, [>raying for a more 
 decent interment ihnu on its high and bye-ways. 12. 'I'he 
 
 Duk'- ot (. liirencc, < ,r j)r«'seMl gracioiis king, was (ho firt^t prince 
 of the blood royal th il landed in North America; whilst a resideiit 
 in Ifanover s(|uap' now F*ea»l street. New York, he narrowly escaped 
 being carried ofl', by a stratagem concerted imilcr the auspices of 
 Washington, who himself, whilst here in June 1776, in the house 
 of Samuel Francis, familiarly called Black Sam, wa^t attempted to 
 be poisom.'d by one of his own guards. The first episcopal church 
 upon New .Jersey, with Khode Inland as well, was erected in 1/02. 
 James, J)uke of York, in H)64 conveyed New Jersey to Lord 
 IJerkeley and Sir G. Carteret. In a collection of autographs, at 
 Sotheby's, I read the followins endorsement on a private letter from 
 Lord I3alh to Lor I Norhury, dated April 10, lOi^l, " A proposal for 
 the .jdle of New Jersey, a country almost as large as England, be- 
 longing to the late (Jeoroe Carteret, for the sum of £6000." 
 
 13. American coinage is still dotted with only thirteen stars, 
 though there are twenty four states. A g<dd one was not introduced 
 generally into Kuiopc until 1320, u;;d was first struck in England 
 by Edward IH. The American mint, established in 1702, costs 
 893,250 j»er annum. The money of the Aboriginees was sniiill 
 l>eads, curiously wrought from shells, an«l strung in belts or chains 
 called wampum. The value of the iron implements exchanged by 
 the early settlers with these original occupant?, for their lands, has 
 been niucii censured and ridiculed : but who can estimate the value 
 of an axe or a hatchet to men who. like the aboriginees, burnt down 
 their trees and hollowed out their ciinoes by fire. Ponn's treaty with 
 the Imlians, i-; the only one between this people and the christians, 
 not ratifie<l by an oath : it whs never infringed, lie died at London 
 in 1718, aged 74 ; I'Naving an immense inheritance to his f;imily, 
 which they possessfrd till the Revolution, when it was assigned to 
 the commonwealth for an e«piivalent in money. 
 
 14. The term Jonathan is ascribed to one Jonathan Hastings, 
 n fanner in the collegiate town of C'aml)ri(lge, New England, about 
 1722, aiul then sl<K)d by implication, aided by the waggery of the 
 students, for something like excellence'^ whether or not, it means as 
 much now, seems to he a matter of some doubt. The following 
 reply from one American to another, at a fishing town on the New 
 England coast, as to who had been out Eel-catching, is a genuine 
 Yankee answer, •• Well, lot me see, there was what's his name 'long 
 with who.is.t-there in the boat, had what-d'ye-call-ems etd-spear, 
 they got a tarnation lump, and tliey'r the only ones I know by gosh." 
 'J'be cognomen of Uncle ISain originated with Samuel Wilson of 
 Troy on the Hudson, better known amongst his neighbours by this 
 Appelation ; and being contractor for army and navy stores, during 
 
ADDBXOA. 
 
 Inst war with Ei gland, \iu patronymic spreadinrt;, on tlmt account, 
 bolli (ar ami ..ear, tho'vu.' bt'C'ame imtiotial. The inlmhifants of 
 Ohio liiwo tiu; iiickiirip'o uf Buckeyes ; th<ise of Iiiiliiina Jlooshers ; 
 of Ke itiicky Corn. crackers ; oi .Missouri Vexiks ; of Arichigai* Wol- 
 ve.rincs ; n id those of Illinois Surlrrf. In t\^^: jihiJisoolo^'v ol* thu 
 West n |)nltrf)o» is clrsigiiaud A'j'ossum, Ao mi.stake is a Kei.tiicky 
 fxjoessio:! for a hravc or inic'li^utit iiidividiiul ; and stranger nuiaiis 
 o J not bor.i in thai sintc. limp is u prolific word in the Cur >Iiiin3 
 r .d Georgia, as '' /'//t tired a Itcop,^^ corre^poiKhiig \\ ith their »)th('r 
 of "rt ter>ihle sight,'"' atid " </ spell t\f ram,'''' in New Ijlnglaiid. AlirO 
 Cracker f ir f*ou tr\ iriaii. with Truck. \\ hich they use hiio m >iiey, 
 for e . ■ .y ihmg ; aid powerful in tiie same way, as " Its powerful had.^* 
 Down Ei'.si, a curiotK fiilow is made *' «// sorts of a ft'llow,'' whi'st 
 for one not Mn.-ji-woithy. they say '' small poiatocs^^ or " a poor slu te.^* 
 ^^ Sling a na.u'y foot,'' means to da:iCi' cxlrcniidy we!! ; and " a nasty 
 loohtag gaV unplics a ei|)'e:.did woman. Buck. tails signify rcpnb- 
 licaiiH Uiid dcniocr.its gcnerallv ; Antiswanips are political opo: ont3 
 to the inter<!sts of tanners and curriers, living in that part <d' New 
 York called the sw/uji]) ; and Slangwavgers are you g Ijohadil.-a, 
 fuiiniis for flanii: g spt-eches a )d giinjjowder rcsolniioitfi. i • canriis 
 or politieal assemblies. Hood .^ocietij is a term oi deri.sion, through- 
 out tt:e cou ;try, for /;^fisonely. JIow ^ is an interrogative in uni- 
 versal use, thiy side the Pofoniac, \'ov what do you say ? and Riley 
 valer, stands for ihiidi, tlirly, or turhii! wafer. iSation jine. Tanial 
 slick, and Poor as .h)b\ kittens pervade all fli<? stateH, whilst :i slrorg 
 na.sal inflection marks their charactt riytic enunciation. 1 might here 
 add a long string of certain town expressions, but as, like that of 
 our L')n(l(».» shocking had hat, in every one';; mouth, lliDUfih in no 
 o:»<»'s und.rslaiidit'^, tl;ev ma\' Ik.' rciinrded as the coinaize of the 
 vulgar, I conse'piently omit them. Note : a rowdy in Virginia is 
 a loafer in New York, and a cracker in (icorgiii. What we call 
 slop, IS designated in the Union, tSlale prison work. Progress, as 
 a Verb, is decidi !Iy an Ampricamsm ; why should it be |ireterr('d to 
 the good old E gli'di word advance '■ — as likewise in (■aborting, 
 which implies ;v i individii il who fancies himself iho smartest and 
 be.^t ma. I in the world. When oneof ihese Indians <lies, a relative 
 refMiti-' lo a wl.ite lo solicit a bottle of w hiskt^y, replying, on bcii'g 
 aske.dthe use of the liquor on so melancbuly an occasion, that it is 
 to produce a tlow of fears, for without t he is unable to cry! It 
 wns well s;iid bv an Inilian chief, in answer to a 'i'emperance mis. 
 sio.iurv, " W'e Indians use wbLskey, but we do not mahe it.^^ 
 
 ir>. Broad cloth was first manuficiiired at Row lev, .Miissacbu- 
 sntts, in 1040, by n colony of 00 Yorkshire elofhicrs. 'IV) such 
 perfection have some .'\merican factories arrived, thni in Messrs. 
 Bock Ac Co's. Ontario, N. \. the wool, m twelves hours atler being 
 shor;> from the sheep, was made, for a, wajjer ol ^^soi'l). info a dress 
 coat. One of fl'e carpet factories alone in Lowell (\lerrimaek's) 
 employs 1800 girls. Europeans owe their Transatlantic possessions 
 
A.DDi".:»t>A. 
 
 to tho cmerprize of Italians, but lho80 peop'.e, flingntarly enougli, 
 have no colony in the New world. Tho new stylo vns inlvoJuood 
 into .\ineri(;;i,'ns well K: ijliind, in 1702; Sept. 2(id. ihenci forward 
 
 lecU 
 
 oie 
 
 .1 \\u: llth. This Roj5<'r Wiihams died in 1083, ii^rd S4. 
 
 The l'il;ihin I'uUmik acliMillv exptUoda Congrogationnl chnrcli, with 
 its pasior, ai.d timcted law^^to suppress th(;oloo;ical innovations: but 
 as n ) roads are so rough as those that have bcesi just meiulod, so no 
 sinners ar,; so iiit..|.>ra'..t as thos(« that hav<' ju.st turned saints. 
 
 10. Till! i\» w York broad, nuah adulterated, is (liilV'rently so to 
 that of London, which has a coin|)ound of bean-nieai, chalk, slacked 
 hme, alum, and asln's of hones, ex( hi- >iv(! of additiot's h\ men teeli- 
 iiieaily <MliV'd imad iJodors. 1^. 'I'he niischitl uf this sttrt of 
 
 aervittide i>, that no whit»! domestic ran be ifiduced to he s^tatioimry. 
 lie eotn<'H a uieie d(dt, and is no sotnier taught to be useful, than ho 
 accepts ih(! (;iuit<Mti hurdreds, an<l a new writ forthwith issues for a 
 tenant of (he kitclxti. One hous<! jiloi.e in New York has received 
 from tho Mfukug classes of tho Irish, in this city, during the hu^l 
 jear, toseiul iuime to their iViends, {r^.">r),t 00 : and during a long pe- 
 riod. S3tl,(i00 annually for the tame purp.ose. In N( w York, 27 
 miles tronj the ^;ea, a peck of iec is deli\ered daily, in summer, for 
 2n f'en'.s per week. A house in Boston sn|iplies the I'acha of Kgypt, 
 and tlie government of Maltii, with ice at two cents per pound. — 
 'J'he Germans, Dutch and Swiss .succe* d better than those of oilier 
 countries, owing t«) tin; judicious mode ti.ey adopt in settling: they 
 possess all the Ix st I'arms in thr- States o( New York, Ne\v Jersey 
 ami rennsyUania. It has sometines happ(;!.ed that tho;:e wat). 
 deiers were too poor to jtay their passage ; hence, on arrival, they 
 empowend the C'aptain t«» hire them out, until their debt to him 
 vas redeemed, thence crlled Hedcniptionisfs. The charge to iheso 
 voyagers, as, independent of risk, \cars may (lapse before iiquida. 
 tioi), IS <^80 a man, $>70 a wormin, and $G0 b<»Ns ar.d girls. 'J'he 
 •Ship FJubonn, from Amsterdam, last coi tained a cargo of this de- 
 Bcnptioi. Seventy years ago. the Dutch language was so pre\a'ei!t 
 in some of the counties of N('W York State, that it v. as difli( nit to 
 procure persons suificiently acquaint<;d with English t/i serve ns 
 jurors. The Irish and 8c<»;ch, in a strange land, quickly acquire 
 liie character of tho place ; an Eiiglishinan, on the contrary, sej. 
 dom cap, lut looks about him as it he were going to pick locks or 
 a po ket. 19. At VN'oburn Musa, a nieclianic has recently in. 
 
 VO ited a machine for p<'gging boots. 
 
 20. Their adjudication of punishment is often remarkable for 
 disparity : thus at Chjirlesfon, a man was lately Hned oidy, and that 
 but a few dollars, for killing a iNe'gro ! whilst two otheis were sen. 
 lenced tf) be hanged f )r stealing one. This hankering after bono, 
 rary dislmciion, by Jonathan, clings o\en to Nimblcheels (he lamp, 
 lighter, specially if hobo nn official in his club, held in the back 
 aitic of some blind alley, with congregated b'ethren of the link, 
 and n tr«iasury of two dollars. Tho citixens of New Y'ork wero 
 
 ;■> 
 
6 
 
 Al)l»KM'A. 
 
 once surprised with the sjiectaclo of a roach and six in th< ir stroetw, 
 which, on tlie rmxt day, was ech|isod by another drown by eight 
 liorses. There is no ttdh'iig whero ihis might have eittltci hut for the 
 a|)pearance, few days after, of a select party of cwiuru, (irivi' g a 
 new cart, to which W(^rt' hariies'sed sixteen horses, ttiiuhnt. A wag 
 hit off an ode, entiihMJ Carmen trwmplic, in which he hitideu llie ser. 
 vices rejidered (o }skw York by this siu:tc(:n.in-hand club. 
 
 21. Robinson, called the father of the Independents, was incit. 
 ed to this measure by l)i."^ assisjfa^t, Urewst* r. These Protestant 
 dis.srnt(?rs, oiigiiMlly Non-conforrnislH, are now ranged uader the 
 <U!n»aninations of Presh\ terians. IndepoinJentsi, and fiaptists. Most 
 famdo's in Virginii, by the name of liolph, are de.seendod from the 
 ]^'inces.s ['ocohontas, nanghter ol" the ancient riachem or king of this 
 conntry, who married an Ivighsh gentleman of that name bv whom 
 sh<> liad a son. 8lio died at (ira\<'seiid, when conleniphiting her 
 return to Ainerie;)., in 1G17, aged 2'2. 'I'iiis incident hi'-s been dra- 
 ■t>.;)tised by (r. \V. (,'artis, Esq. one of the VVashnigton I'anjily. His 
 descei'dauf, Jonathan Carver, of Connecticut. pubhslied "Travels into 
 the int'.M-ior of America," and died, ITdl), from want; Very early 
 after the Pilgrims arrival, a Dntel. \e.'ss€l sailed it. to James river, 
 and landing fwcfily Africans, they «e»e bought as slaves ; thus lay- 
 i'»g the foundation f(»r this odious traliic in the Stales. About this 
 time l.')0 young Ivigiish women were imported i'ar sale as wives ; 
 price lOO lb-;, of tob icco each, which presently ro.'^e to 150 lbs. then 
 wortit lis. per lb. Further transportation of cftnvicts to America be. 
 ing thus arrested, conliuing them in hulks, and houses of correction 
 was adopted, until Captain Cook's discovery of N(mv South Wales. 
 James Keesc, I7u0, was its first free seliler. 'J'b.o lir;^t emnaikatiou 
 to this Colony, being 2tVl convicts, was in February ll^J, beiiig at 
 Sidni'y, aiul another to the adjacent isianil of Van Oieman's Land, 
 soon after f(dlowed. W. Bradford, second Ciovernor of i'l\ mouth 
 colon) , who died in 1657, wrote a history thereoi", but it was lost in 
 1775. 'I'liese enactmoiits were aecouDanied by ctthers, nanielv, per- 
 mittiug swearing on pa) ment of 1 1 ;,d, breaking the Sabbath for a 
 penalty of £2. 19s. lii,'d., and aton< tnenl, by tine, for a neglect of 
 prayer, or uttering a rash vow. Tiiey, moreover, made it a capital 
 oileiice to be seen abroad with long hair, and ptohiiiited bruwiiigon 
 a Saturday, lest it should work on tb.e Suiidny. This is in aocord- 
 aru'o with tnost repul>lics, as that of Oliver Cmmwcll, w hose adhe- 
 rents, III repeating the Lord's Prayer, for thy kingdom ctune, substi- 
 •uted '' Ihi/ commonu'cal'h come.^' The early settlers, to aid them 
 inmililaiy affairs, were acootupaniod by Captain Standish, allied to 
 the noble house of that name in Derbyshire, who, for his couragefius 
 cxphuts, ha« since been denominated the Washi!.gti)n of the Ply- 
 mouth colony. These contests, which cost the settlers 600 t)fthoir 
 bravest men, 13 towns burnt, and TOO houses destroyed, flid not ter- 
 minate until 1679. 
 
ADOUNDA. 
 
 24. If an Arjjnoan alioplccopLT tniDsact business nuh another, 
 and that other chance to bo iVoni ihe Old Cou.itry, ho ul\va\.s pre- 
 fors him ; Ixiranse — mark the sequel — ht) is so civil and ohlifring, 
 itopulsive .IS is their own personal biNiring, winch tiny atfecl to 
 represent a^ independaiice, biitotlicrs call insole. ic, siiil. lVon» wh:it 
 fell under my own ohservalioj), their dcalinifs do not appeir to bo 
 of" that cpiestionable order which dihfinguisl) the sh()pk<!ep(;rs of 
 (.'hin I, who find it needlul to pamt over their doors the cliaractera 
 " Pf>w 7/ut;," which signify ?\o chrating here. 
 
 **.'>, The B. liter, was forrn(.Miy a fashionable promenade, but 
 
 being at this time in possessu)n of the rabble, whose phiasurc^ too 
 
 often consists in aimoying that of others, it is now seldom visiced 
 
 by any greater digtiiaries than their high mighimesses the riiob. 
 
 The intrtiduotion <>t' f)ne «ic Roe in the pleadings iigainst llotisart, a 
 
 Frenchman, tried at the Old IJailey ia IT'Jl. for lnimicid(!, would 
 
 have acquitted him, or, plea that those names were fictitious, had not 
 
 a witness deposed that he knew two such persons, one a weaver, and 
 
 the, other a soldier, then living in Middlesex. 'Sing Sing: of tho 
 
 84:2 convicts now in this piison,only fifty, says the keeper, are ablo 
 
 to read. One of these prisfuters, apprehtiudetl by Hays, scratched 
 
 this epigram on the walls of his cell : 
 
 "'Gainst ail philosophy I do insist, 
 'Ti.-i quite iinpossibjo Hays (liiize) can bo iniss'd (iniel.j" 
 
 Upwards of 600 Catli'dic .Missionaries arrived at New York in 18o5, 
 although its legislature, in 1700, nj;ide a law to hang every Caihoiic 
 priest ent'^riiig the province. A million per nnmnn is devoted, by 
 the Propiiganda, to (he cause of Ronjanism in Kigland and America. 
 The Pope's nieces never put on mournipg, as the Romans ac( ount it 
 so great happiness tor a family to liave a Pope in it, thut nothing 
 ought ti> alllicf his Holiness' kindred. Passing the Catholic cathe- 
 dral in New York, I heard a street critic exclaim, '"Aye, that's iho 
 RiilT's hoi'se." A siiiiilar feeling actuated Julius III., who gave a 
 Cardinal's hat to the servant who kept his monkey, when replying, 
 CM being a. ked his reasnis for (liu.ig so, " I see as much in my s,t. 
 vanl to make him a cardinal, ns the conclave saw in me to elect mo 
 Pope " This h;is been erroneously ascribed to Pope Alexander V., 
 who Wiis oiigi-aiiy a cenimon beggar in the Isle of Candia. The 
 first tiaiu, or triple Clown, of the Holy Father, was worn in 1364. 
 liuUs are epistles written in an old round gothic letter, scaled with 
 lead pendant to the p.irchment, which distinguishes t' in from briefs. 
 Id an affair of justice, this lead is hung by a hempen cord ; but in 
 one of grace, by a silken thread. Tlie Catholic Church now con- 
 sists of 12 Patriarchs, 55 Cardnals, and 07! Bishops. The present 
 Pope has created two new Bishops in the Unit(!d Slates, and has 
 furthermore granted permission to the Priests to rnarry, but those who 
 do so are not to receive confessions. The first Custom House of 
 which we have any notice, was established by the Athenians at 
 Scutari, for levying imposta on the commerce of the Black Sea, In 
 
8 
 
 AMISMTIA. 
 
 tho court of this Slate, (New York) a debate lately aroao among -t 
 its tiiemV)ers, us to tlie longili of time tliey should sof, {sit) vvhoii.de. 
 cidiiig ultimately upon three weeks, "I wonder," rejoined ii wag ul 
 the bar, "they do not set finr weeks like other geese.'* 
 
 26. No niunicipal authority in the world exorci^ossuch <les|)otic 
 sway over tho property of citizens, as that of New York, not u com- 
 inordv assessing if, for avowed nhjocts of city itr>[)rovtMncnl, at more 
 than its worth ; and the ody pnvdege accorded lu the owner is to 
 abandon it to the corporation, nn<l paving the rest out of Ins own 
 pocket. 'I'he first president of thuMr bihlos »eleiy was Dr. B'Hidinot, 
 also j)resident of Conffr.jss in 178*2. Ehiot was an Indiatj .Miasioii- 
 nry, and called, for his zeal-ais labours, " The aposfleof Now E ig- 
 land." lie died in 1 090. Oie Thnmpson. an biHglishnian, spent 
 three years in ascertaining I ho nnndjer of books, cha|)ters, verges, 
 words, and letters contained in ti.e Old and New Testanient. 'I'he 
 first Enghsh edition ofliiebd)le was printed in lo;}.?. l(s r)nb!isher, 
 Coverdale, lies l)nried u-uler ihe comni., ion lalilo df .Sr.Iiartimlonins, 
 by the Exchang<j. The Latin Vnlgutc, ;ir Bibb' ofO-J7 leaves, < x- 
 ecuted by Faust in 1 15'», was Ihe lirst book printed witii moveable 
 tyiies. Our New Testament of lo.')7, was ilie earliest F.ig'isli 
 Iransbitioii in *vhich tiic verses were mind)ered. Tiie fust K iglish 
 Bible printed in America, was execntcii in l7Si, bv \l. Aike i, of 
 r*hih«b-lphia. Noah Webster's rn/vvc/ orlit ion td' H(-'^ VN rit provi ig 
 to be merelv an arrna for the disi)!av of his strange and uncoiomoti 
 orthograpliies — see new Note 52 — is now sovcrelv handb d by the 
 American critics, and is fasi losing that patronage whi<:h at first, 
 from its novelty, U had ticq ired from the public, polyglot fJibles, 
 all in lilnglish, are conmion to America, and their sale have reab/.ed 
 fortunes to many yankees. In a French translation of the Bible, 
 published at Paris in 153S, by order of Charles Vlll. the lollowi.ig 
 two »oxts are forcd' into the .*?2nd cliap. of Exodus, "The du^t of 
 the golden calf which iVIoses grounrl and strewed upon the wrjor, of 
 which he oblig'icl the children of Israel to diiidi, soaked mto the 
 beards of those that had worshipped ii, and remained upon them 
 as a mark of their idolatry." The other interpolated passige is, 
 "The children of Israel s|)ate upon llur, who b.ad lefusod to mako 
 them gods, in such abundance, that they slitfled him." No ono 
 but a scholar has the smallest notion of the extent of the Hebrew 
 Ellipses; take the following as an example, Job :^") — 8, which is 
 thus literally translated: " To-irian-as tliou wicked less-thine and- 
 to-son-man righteousness. thine " Our aulhorised version thus tills 
 up the hiatus, '* VKy wickedness mai/ hurt a man as thou art, and 
 thy righfeousness may prfiHUc son of man." The Kevoh»tioiuiry 
 pensions were granted by Congress during Monroe's admiiiistra. 
 tion. Washington has •2;),000 inhabitants and ;J,0!K) houses; if* 
 town plot comprises seven square miles; the corp(vration are aclu. 
 ally insolvent and have just petitioned Congress for relief. The Pre. 
 •ideates official residenco hero i» called tbe Whiie Hou^e^ because 
 
«.UbV!<l»A. 
 
 painteJ ot ihut culour, liavtag been burnl by ibij British lu 1814. 
 Vloridu, 80 named by J. de Leon, froui discovering il in \b\'2, on 
 Easter D.iv, -r F'oast of Flowers. An American tr,ivc!!or, rocnutly 
 returning tt.orolVum, being a>ko<l lii-? opinion ot thtj country, ro[tliod, 
 ** It is I he miKst terlile I ever saw ; the land pro.iucing forty bushels 
 of Frogs to an acre, an<l Alligators enough to fence them.'" i)n the 
 Oronoko, a»i Alligator, previously to searching f^^r its prey, suullovvii 
 a large stone, that, by iia weight, it may the inon* easily dive v^iih 
 its vj'.tiin iiiider water. 
 
 27. Amungc't their papers, the Einigrant ex[ness!y devoted to 
 news tV(wn tlie Vlolher Country, is published weekly, and costs md 
 $3 a year. In the galleries which Cicero constructed witinn liij 
 villa at Tuscnlurn, in imitation of the Athenian schools, for the 
 amusement of his friends, was a daily paper of nnvfj, very simiUr 
 to nriodern ones. Cicero, or, literally, the icartj because the founder 
 of his family had this excrassence upon his nose; but the (ira».(;r re. 
 fused to lay aside .so ludicrou.s an appellation, saying, '• I will mako 
 it glorious." Rnglish newspapers, up to 1713, in which year they 
 were first stamped, <Iid tiot in size exceed tiip bounds of an ordinary 
 letter. We are indebted to Italians for the idea of n)odern news, 
 papers; their (iazettes, until the close of the si.vteetith century, 
 distributed in manuscript, were named either after Gazzrra, a mag. 
 pie or chatterer, else Cazetta, a small Venetiun coin, the common 
 price of all newspapers. (8eo obvious explanation of the word 
 news in my Manual of Orthoej)y.) A carrier of the Christian .\dvo. 
 cate being ill, his son took the office ; hut ignoiant of the sub.scti. 
 hers, he was accompanied bv the dog that had attended hi.^ father. 
 The animal stopped at every door where the paper was accustomed 
 to be left, witliout making a singh; mistake. This spring, 18:i.5,th9 
 first Sunday paper, under the name of " The Sunday Morning IS'etcs" 
 made its appearance at New York. The editor of a western paper, 
 to induce his customers to settle their accompts, says, " The printor 
 wants grain, pork, tallow, candle.«, vvhiskey, linen, bees'. was, wood, 
 and every thing else that he can eat.^* A paper that I was spelling 
 one day in the Park coffee house, contained ll'Pi following typogra- 
 phical errors : *' Sundry vessels were prevented putting to sea by 
 frogs au(\ clatns,*^ mepning, 1 suppose, /o^^v and calms. Lisbon, ca. 
 pital of Portugal.iias but two prihting oftices, which issue joinlly threa 
 papers weekly f .: the vsupply of the whole city. When Dr. Frank- 
 lin commenced a newspaper, he was niuch annoyed by the testmea.'^ 
 of patrons : he, however, soon silenced ih in by his uniform obser. 
 vation of " Any one that can subsist upon saw-dust pudding a d wa- 
 ter, as I can, needs no man's patronage." 'J'he house he oocnpied 
 whilst an envoy in France, is even now one of the most be-nitiful 
 chateaus in the neighbourhood of P tIs. Here Madam de Genlis 
 lived whilst the present king was '.\er pupil. The lightning rod 
 raised by Franklin, which was the first coiiductor used in France, 
 i« itill standing. Hit second son, WiUiam, bia first dying young. 
 
10 
 
 ADUr.NUA. 
 
 was tho governor of X' w Jersey, an«l sided with the crown in the 
 revolutionary contest ; his only daughter, Sarah, married a Mr. 
 Cache, who e children and ^rand-chihJron now reside in Philudel- 
 phi«, whore, accor iiiig to one ol' its ncwwpfipers, hard rain is no auo- 
 mally ; adding, upon dtscrihi^jg a tlion recent fall, '* It was a spitting 
 of stones, which ended in a regular shower at Nashville, iu May 
 last." 
 
 29. Ilasbrook house, a solid erection of rough stone, huilt a 
 century since at Xewburgh, N. Y.. was the head quarters of the 
 American »rmy, and occupied by (M-ueral Washinj^ton. It is still 
 in good preservation ; aiid tin; lui:ie.<t room, being his dining, audi- 
 ence, and council chamber, is remarkable tor containing but one 
 window and seven doors ; a singularity, however, that Mr. G. C 
 Hamilton, of Now York, determined t(; outdo, by building a house 
 at Fishkill, that had one room wiih eleven loora, and but a single 
 window in it. And this year, a block of buildings, forming six two 
 story brick dwelling-houses, were removed safely at Baltimore, Md. 
 twelve feel in the rear. 'iO. The New York Star, a leading 
 
 journal, upon noticioi; '* Peni'ilhngsby the way," the production of 
 an American writer by the uumo of N. P. Willis, just published, 
 closes its crilKiuo m these words, *' Addison never Wi-ote, and never 
 could write, any thing at all equal to it." In 174 I, four whites were 
 executed, thirteen negroes burnt, eighteen hanged, and great num- 
 bers expatrialod, for an attempt to burn the city. Backgammon 
 boards , ire usually lettered, as if they were two folio volumes : this 
 originated in the dioeuse of Sully, because i-^udes, its Bishop, for- 
 bade his clergy to play at chess : they, therefore, hit upon this ex. 
 pedient, which they termod their irooden gospth, to evade his in- 
 junction. In like manner they had their drinking vessels bound so 
 tts to resemble the Breviary, ai»d were found tippling, when it was 
 suppostid they were at prayer. 
 
 31. Colonel Meachammade a cheese this year on his dairy farm 
 at Richland, Oswego county, which he presented to the President, 
 Aveighing 1400 lbs. His dairy, comprising 156 cows, produced 
 60,000 lbs of cheese, and 10,000 lbs. of pork. The great elm tree, 
 near Philadelphia, under which Penn signed his treaty with the In. 
 dians, was so n'spected by the British, when quartered in its vicinity 
 during the revolutionary war, that whilst the soldiery were cutting 
 down every other tree for Ihxwood, a centinel was placed by this 
 one, that not a branch of it might be touched. The PI ladelphians, 
 on hearing that Washington's army was in great distress, once sent 
 him a voluntary present of $(300,000. A splendidly illuminated ma- 
 nuscript upon sacred subjects, conjectured to be 500 years old, has 
 lately found its way from the Old Country to the Longanian library, 
 of this city. 34. In the last visitation of the yellow fever in 
 
 Philadelphia, being in want of nurses and atti ndants, they had re- 
 course to the prison : the convicts readily came forward, and as 
 faithfully discharged tho dangerous duties of their oflfico ; thoy re- 
 
Ani>E>DA. 
 
 II 
 
 ceived gratuiliog and a free pardcm. Similar applicaUons to those 
 confined for debt were i niformly unsuccessfiil. JL)r. <.'ulwallader of 
 this city, iti 1740, was the first \iTiericari who wrote upon m'dical 
 subjects. A con-.'iderahlo silk factory lias been since established in 
 the city. of Providence ; llius, as Khodo Island lo<l thif wav in the 
 niannfariiire of cotton, she bids fair to do so also in t!»at of >ilU, of 
 V Inch American ladies consume annually more than all the wheat, 
 corn, rye, oats-, flax-seed, biscuit, potatoes, and hops, which are ex- 
 ported will pay for, by above 82,0()0,()0(>. Hero also app«>arcd, 
 December 22, 1710, one day after the Boston (ia/eite, (vide .^'oto 
 129) The Weekly Mercury, being the third New Knjiland paper. 
 Mobt of their authorities, quoting each other, are somfwhat question- 
 able, or of a penny speech order ; and though I admit ih'»m but after 
 the manner i 'postmen, to be men ot letters, since the one handles 
 and the dther has them at his fingers' end, yet afuongsf operatives, 
 they seldom mount higher. A lad at (lill, in this Stat*-, named Con- 
 nor, has made a press and types, and issued a i>aper 'J^ inches long, 
 and 2 inches broad. Me charges a cent for two lines, and his is the 
 only printing.ofliee in the town. 
 
 35. Yale college was removed from Saybrook to New haven in 
 1717. In 1046 it required six d;iy3 to get from New York to New- 
 haven : it is now accomplished in a few hours. In 174*2, the first 
 stage from New York to Bo.ston began to run onrcn month, and took 
 fourteen days to do it. Harvard University, iVitrn .Icdm Harvard, its 
 chiel benefactr.r. Di\ Clap, its president in l7f!7, co'istrueted the 
 firs*; Orrery in America. In addition to the degrees lat«!y ronfer- 
 red at the young ladies college in Kentuckv- a detail of which ap- 
 peared in one of ihe New York papers, I woiild prepense, as rsome. 
 thing novel to their graducsr^es, the follow ing nc-,v ones : M. P. M. 
 mistress of pudding making ; M. D. N. mistress of the darning 
 needle ; M. M. K. mistress of housekeeping ; and thougli iu-t, not 
 least. M. C. S. mistress of common sense. I strongly recommend 
 M. D. N. to the notice of the various learned tunctionarics of these 
 lady colleges ; because, during my sojourn in America, I never saw 
 a darned stocking, being, in that stage requi-ing it, thrown aside for 
 new. " Have you obtained a good character to-day, young gentle, 
 man ?" asked a passing stranger of a youth issuing from Columbia 
 College Grammar School : " No, sir,"' was the reply, •'! have been 
 deficient." " And what is the meaning of dejicient !" inquired the 
 passenger. "It means," answered the boy, "when you get a 
 iicAiinir." 
 
 30. The annual expense of West Point military college is — 
 $130,000. The first 74 built in America, was launched at Ports- 
 mouth. N. 11. Nov. 5, 1782 ; and the first commodore who unfurled 
 her national flag, on board a ship of war, was the celebrated Paul 
 .Tones ; whose niece, Mrs. Taylor, now of New \ ork, is about pub. 
 lishing his life in a thick octavo, as.sisted by the diary and papers 
 of her uncle. Tho first successful attempt hero, as practised m 
 
11 
 
 ADUJITfnA. 
 
 linRiisii dock yarik, denotnin'xiod tlio triumph ol' tli© puiier, wnt 
 made upon tijo Potomac frigiitc, of lifting Uc.r up out of the water 
 into n dry cradle upon luad. TluMr best giiri:icr in John Nicholai, 
 son of a b.irber, (Jayhnad, Mjirlliii's Vineyard Islnnd, Mush. Potlled 
 by T. Maylicw in lOl'J. Congrusn appropriul.s ^30,0(10 per an^ 
 num 1 <r tlio .support of these Consul inon in foreign Countries. 
 
 37. The (.enerals oHumjiI residciicf ' ing the early part of 
 hia presidency, was m Fr-uikhn house, nead of Cherry street 
 
 New York. i\v retired at nine in the eveninjT, and nniforrnily rose 
 at six m the morning. When he N\ab once chairman ot a commit- 
 tee in Congress, a motion was made to restrict the Anierican army 
 to 5000 men at any one lime; which he negatived bv a burlesqno 
 nniendmei t, that no foreign enemy siiould invade the United States, 
 at any one lime, wjth mure than HOOO tioops. Whilst encamped at 
 White Plain'^, Wa.shington and Ida staH', after their rounds of inspec 
 tion, vibited General I.ee in his quarters, and twice or thrice dined 
 wiih him, sans ccrcmonie ; this not •squaring with the economy of 
 Lee. to prevent a recurrence, he ordered the following notice to bo 
 chalked over the entrance t(» hi^; lent, " No vicmals dressed here to 
 day." The mi'.ilia of an adjacent town recently assembled to elect 
 an ensign, whrafmding no one ready to accept of that rank, it was 
 put up to auction ; and being knocked down at $10, this sum was 
 immediately subscribed, to )iay ihc fortutiate holder. Tt'icir uniform 
 is blue, which color is now theemhiim of liberty, but according to 
 Pliny, was anciently a badge of slivery. 38. In addition to 
 
 Kosciusko's, the students at West Point have erected two other mo. 
 numents, one to a brother soldier who fell in action, the other to a 
 cadet, killed by accident whilst on duty : they are all of white marble. 
 A lock of Washington's hair was sent this year, by a gentleman of 
 Philadelpluu, to another in London, with directions to have it work- 
 ed into a breast pin, worth at least $oO, and then presented to Lord 
 John Russiell. as a memorial from an American citizen, who nd. 
 mired his political conduct. When LaFayelte, along with several 
 other French officers, were imprisoned, by Austria, in the castle of 
 Olmutz, they held communication with each other, though in sepa- 
 rate cells, by whistling. From popular Parisian tunes called airs 
 of the Pont Neufj or street ballads, they composed a vocabulary by 
 whistling certain of these notes at thoir windows, each air forming 
 an alphabet : to such perfection did they arrive, that one of them 
 having procured a Gazette by stratagem, he whistled its contents 
 to the rest. Though LaFayette received all who chose to visit him, 
 without the formality of introduction, at his town house Rue d'An. 
 jou, Paris, still it was only in his venerable chateau La Grange, 
 near Rosney, in Brie, that he was really at home. His only son is 
 named George Washington, and liis two daughters Carolina and 
 Virginia. Washington's death was announced by salutes of artillery 
 and the peal of bells ; sounds well known to excite joy and produc© 
 forrow — logivo pleasure and create pain — to allay and soothe uneasy 
 
Al»t*K.-^l»4. 
 
 ts 
 
 lhoii?jiil« ; — oHv, aiisiat nnd incrente i«votii>n tltK'U' A rc<»rnfly 
 unsucc»*sstul uttcrnpt has hor-u mad« tw plurxicr the (if.n<rar8 lornh. 
 Mount Vernon i^ now itihnbitcd by liirrc maidoii ludivi*, lineal des. 
 ccndiintA of the original ownoT. Wnshmglon's extrrme osuctncM 
 Bomotinics in'Titod co;isiiro : a tenant onco r.itnc to pnv Ids rent: 
 on cutintiMj; tlu> njoncv there wantrd foir prncf : iho njiiu olFtred a 
 dollar, no. in* tnunt got change; fi.'r llii<« |Mir|)oso he ro«h? to Ahvan. 
 dria, mile-* (Voin Mount Vernon, und n|»oti rrturnuig with change, 
 he ohtuincd hi< receipt. An cxtraorrlmnry n»Ii«' ol" »nli»iuiiy, in tho 
 persot) of Joico lleth, a HJavp rijit.-l one hmnhid ami s'ixty-(uo years, 
 of which sin; brings evidence, ha< just appe.ired in New York, sla- 
 ting herseir to have bi.tMi the bondMoinan of \Vashiiifjt*»n s father, 
 and niir:4e to his son tho (ietieral : she has been exhibiiinj; in many 
 other parts of the I'nion, nnd is now the pro[icrty (»f NVm. riouling, 
 of Paris, Kentucky. The di-s'-eriang: part i»f the pnblic are how. 
 (3ver so«nc\vh;it .sceptiral, haviiifj a niisgiviug lluit it i^^ sjnie new 
 Yankee triek for nibbling the dollar*. N'ide notes 4vl— l'i',i — <k 203. 
 Elizabeth Washitigton, dnughter of L. U'ijHhin^tun l'.s«|. Carcsclen, 
 Wiltp, a branch ot' the (ieneroTs family, nmrried Hubert Shirley, 
 Earl Ferrers, the beginning of \;\!i\ cotiturv.' His be-'t biography is 
 bv his friend atnl ft^Uow soldier, Judse Marshall, i-i r» vols. 8vo. 
 though regretted, b\ the autljor, as too hastily put together, and 
 much wished to re\ise, but never lived to do sso. A series of 110 
 maxims written by the (general, entillrd " ituN's of civility and de. 
 cent behaviour in ronipany arid conversation," havebr^en lately pub- 
 lished at New York. II. CJreenough, ar^ Aiu»^rican scidptor. is now 
 employed, at Florence, ujion a statue T Washington, ordered by 
 the general governnicnt, ihoogli rather ardily, to be erected in the 
 capitol of the Fnion, for w liirh he is" to be paid i^'JO.OOO. 
 
 4'j. Three of those omnibnsses that ply in liroadway, are ac- 
 tually named th(j Ladies Wasb.ington, Clinton, and Renselaer \ and 
 a fourth the roliluian, or a fellow tlutt turns his cf»ut, because if 
 he did not, lie would soon have no coat to turn. The paupers of 
 Atiierica are csiiuiatcd at 200,000 : they hnve increased in New 
 Y'ork, during last }ear, from 1G65 to 2129. Workliouses were first 
 erectfid in England aI»out 1724 ; they excited strong and repulsive 
 feelings amongst the poor; impressions still vivid and unfading. 
 Corn Plant, a celebrated Indian chief, at the head of the Alleghany 
 {char water) river, though 118 years old, is able to mount and ride 
 his liorse with ease: his wife aged 108. and hor mother 128, are 
 both living. There were found in the United States, during the last 
 census, 2<5r4 persons who were upwards of one hundred years of age. 
 40. The name of this strait is softened down, by the refined of 
 New Y'ork, to that of Hurlgale. The value of estates in this city, 
 in 1815, was $81,030,') 12. 47. Heuco / GuesSy I Calculate^ 
 
 and / Reckon, Jonathan takes care to apprise you, are of Down 
 East origin, where a cow, a calf, and a calico.frock, are said to be 
 A girl's poition. Jf this Khould chancn to fall from a Southern, m 
 
14 
 
 ADDCM> \. 
 
 presence of a Down li^uster, tlitj Inller iMuncdiutf;ly rotorlfl, "An' 
 you'r l'ri)iii iho pUice, iiint yo ' uherr n |»n(:it»5r piitch, with cru<'k!< 
 in't HO \\i(\v tliul the ^msHlioppers are picked up at iIm; botfuin, by 
 hantlslnll. all ilieirnfrks hroko fryitt^r t" jump over — is n porlion for 
 Iho oldest ''on, I rorko!i." .loiintli.ui'tj iiircrenco of a sn\ilt.noso, 
 IH jii.st as orthodox, I up|)r\lic!.(l. us the opinirum df oi'O ot'lii-: roiin- 
 tryinoi), u l(M:tnr»'r on i!ic contincnf, wIumi diiscribinj: tin,- ifn[»rnvc- 
 monts ptMMitly made in I'in^^Iand, on iiiirodn<:in}{ tho AltMiai bridge, 
 
 This bridt):*', ho aildod, unites Indand w ith \V;d(!S. 
 
 VMinsylvania 
 
 par'.iallv s<;til«'d by tlio SwcmIhs and l''iiin,s, in l(5*i7, pnhlishog 00 
 papers, 10 of which are in the (Jerman lanf^nage. In its viilige of 
 Hwrtfra, near Lancaster, Lindlcy IMiirruy, author of the well known 
 English GraiMinar, was born in 17 IT*. He cinigrat»Ml to ['upland 
 for tiic be.ietit of bis health, in 1784, and settling himself at Mold- 
 goto, near York, died there IVh. 10, 1820. Hid celebrated grain- 
 mar has iho following iingramnKitical paragraph, ** 'I'irne is always 
 mascnbnc on ac<;ount of its (his) mighty efiicary. Virtue is ferni- 
 nine from its (/j.r) beauty, and from its (her) being the object of 
 love. 4H. 'I'hi3 yellow fever, unquestionably aggravated by the 
 
 great b(^a!s of summer, i.; Ix.-lieved to have originated from the an- 
 nual mllu.x of the waters ot" tiie Red riser, with those of the Missis- 
 sippi. In 1773 M. dc iMorveau, advocate of Dijon, fortunately 
 discovered an oponent to contagion, and the city, then vi.sit<Hl by a 
 contagions fc\er, was .saved. IM. Fourcroy afterwards tincling 
 Oxvgcnaled muriatic acid (chlorine) to he an improvement, it was 
 substitiit(;d. 4'). itacoons being fond of crabs, they re[)air to 
 
 the Hide of aswarnp, and ha.iging over their tails in the water, crabs 
 niislake them for food, and upon layiiJg iiold, ar(^ drawn up and 
 devoured. 
 
 51. A young man by the name of Pollard, tVom nillcrioay, was 
 the first person killed in this action: lie l^ell by a ball from tb" So- 
 merset shi[) of war. Patrick Carey, an Irishman i'l the Federal 
 army, at this juncture, in describing its movements to a friend in the 
 city, wrote, -' We compel the two royal armies (o run in ditlerent 
 directions ; one we drive before us, and the other is close at our 
 heels." J'hc first stone of this pillar was laid in ]>resence of (»eno. 
 ral Lafayette, June 17, 1825. Karl Percy gave $7 to the widow of 
 every soldier in his regiment who fell during this battle, besides pay- 
 ing their passage home, and ordering five guineas to each upon ar- 
 rival. Though his regiment was remarkable for its discipline, yet 
 ho never allowed any of his men to he struck. Similar vandalism is 
 perpetrated on the elegant cenotaph lately erected upon the plains 
 of Abraham, to mark the spot where the heroic Wolfe fell ; whose 
 death v/ound was not received by the common chance of war, but 
 given by a deserter from his own regiment. Its act of engul[)hin' 
 teainthe5<ea at Boston, which preced-rd the revolution, was fir. t 
 suggested at a private tea-party. No sooner had Columbia thrown 
 ofTher allegiance, than repeated insurrections broke out amongst 
 
\i)tij:M)A. 
 
 1/i 
 
 lier citizen*;, <.>ii ih • s<;or«.' of inxation, ihotigli ihii \vut> tltt- orij^in of 
 lier sc|iaiulu>ii \w\u tin; |»;ir« nl '-law. 'I'Ihih, iIkho mk .isur'-.s which, 
 iitxlrr one lonn ul' ^Mvorimiciit, urn callfd iiitoler»iti», h«< nnu , as hy 
 iim^u", jx/rt'ocMy lolertuit m tliat <.!' unoihor. (Vide Note 15.) H) 
 th'j way, a llostouiuii \uhics hiinM'If ii;iich uLnvi- those in ofhor 
 Stales, oil uoc(»\iiif d' I lie |)iolicuiicy h*; has «u:<|uir«;{l in the proloutul 
 invritcry ot'njukin^ |)uiii|iliiii |ii»-H. And a Now VorUor is ii[»l to ho 
 do^'inatunl on ail thiof^s connocted with canals, without, perhaps, 
 havi.iir cv«;r d«iii awv,, hut inrrcly hccaiisr; iUo. largest canal in the 
 world, Huvinjr Chiinx. was accomplished in Ins iia'.i\o State. Uads. 
 !.y, the propncinr ot a cap:iciou:s hotel in the c»i> ul" VVitshin^'ton, is 
 also u dcaUu' in Idack ciiildreu lor tho sla\e nturliet.s ' tattennig 
 them for that purpose iu un out-housi' on his premises, as ut' do 
 pijjrrf and jMullry. Any person ui tho Lriion, up(»M puyitif; JS^IOOj is 
 lhi;u quahli* d, />// ///w. lo Ix.conio a sluve dr'alcr ! Skaim^, in its 
 season, is much practi^^ed here, uisorr»uch that twenty miles an hour 
 nre often y;<w.e over hy an adept. Though soilevoted lodi^tmction.*^, 
 the Hostonians, in llie sumt; hreath, snllly (juo'o the llomans, who 
 hr.d no Uties (diionour, Scijoo and Co sar Ueinj^ simply ^o called, 
 which ori{j;iuate(i iu the court of (;<>nstaiJliue. - A stranger lately put- 
 ting up at the chiif hotel iti this city, vrnto after his name, I*. U. P. 
 S. F. C " Pray, .>ii,"' ji.sk«Ml the proprtr-tor, " what do those let- 
 ters stand for '" ".Stand lor! why thiii's nn title.'' "Yes sir; 
 but what i:i your title ?" *'U hy, Professor of Psalmody antl School- 
 master tVotn Connvciieut." 
 
 5'4. The lust Dutch schooirnastcr in New York was old master 
 Van Bomhelor: whilst his lanjiuaife njade its last .«?tuiHl in the small 
 Dutch ihurch in (Jaidcn Street, the lirst erected hy emi<rraiits from 
 Holland, and the last to ahaudon their lai.ifua^'(!. A mechanic in 
 the north lias invented a tnuchine for schools, MJiich, hy means of 
 stoani, not only warms the room, hut //o^^a' all Ihe bopf! on a gradunled 
 scale, according to their otiVnces ! 'I'his })atrona<^e i:^ justly merited 
 hy Dr. Johnson, whoso last surviving friend, Dr. .Shaw, <lied at 
 Ciieseley, Somersetshire, in IS'.M, i'.ged 83. Mr. \Vehster, in his 
 first dictionary, 180'», — lor he has printed a quarto, ocfavo, duodeci- 
 mo, and scx-<lecimo, all differing from each other — gravely derives 
 the laiin word nialum from the VVolch one of mail ; and insists upon 
 tung to be the trueway of polling tongu*^ ; o\'u inline n, to he the proper 
 orthography for women ; sut olsoot; uu/y/c/urr for mana'uvre ; and 
 snvrcn f.»r sovereign, with innumerabU' other elii-itjiis and transpo- 
 sitions ; whilst lus quarto, published in 182^, discards some of his 
 former extravagant orthographies, for otiiers of.'iu equally outre des- 
 cription ; such as bridetfoo/n for bridegroom, (rdvc Icr for traveller, 
 massacer for massacre, mm mullis aliis : nevertheless, Dunlop, nn 
 American writer of some eminence, styles it, in the liigh-pressuro 
 phraseology of his countrymen, the fir.st English Dictionary in the 
 world. VValker's dictionary contains ti8,00t) words ; Dr. Johnson's 
 40.000 ; but Todd's editjpm 58,000 ; whilst Noah Webr.ter's, which 
 
If 
 
 ADUKXPA. 
 
 hris since ai^peared \u Kii^laml, numbers 70,000 words. *'The Red 
 Book,'^ by Barnes, an American, represents the discrepancies in 
 English orthography at 400t). Monage, a French writer, says, "There 
 cannot be greater p roofs of the eiir tease of ignorance and poverty 
 in any natio:;, than the tnulti plication of dictionaries and lotteries." 
 .'>3. Educati<»n must ever be in)perfecl so long as such incorri- 
 gible quarks, as the one here mentioned, with hia fi/ty-lwo branches, 
 are countenanced and upheld. It may be n?garded as a pretty safo 
 rule, that the more pretension a man puts forth, the less real talent 
 he possessos. Quiatillian. lo show the folly of teaching children 
 too much at one timcj has this simile : Pour water hastily into a 
 vessel that has a narrow neck, little enters ; pour gradually, by small 
 quantifies, and the vessel is tilled. Tlie best universities, colleges, 
 schools, and seminaries, of which we read, or have any knowledge, 
 are those conducjed upon the good old system ot instruction and 
 discipline. The classical atiaimnent liere described, rivals the 
 blunder of an Anglo rector going to law with his parishioners about 
 paving the church ; when quoting St. Peter as an authority, " Pave- 
 ant illi, non pave 'ego," he construed it, "They are to pave the 
 church, and not 1.' In thi'? country (^Prussia) the schoolmaster is 
 literally abroad, for here excluc^ively exist strolling schools. A mas- 
 ter establishes hims'jlf successivelv in the houses of a village, and 
 regulates his stay ai-cording to the number and wants of his pupils. 
 From governor VVolf's testimony, there is a repugnance in Pennsyl. 
 vania to |>ablic schools, and, in consequence, one half the electors 
 cannot read. In <:overnor Vnjom's inauguration speech, the same 
 is said of New Jerstiy and other states. A student of Columbia 
 
 college, visiting his unclo, captain , on board his ship in New 
 
 York harbour, wishing lo show ofi'his latin, pointed to the windlas, 
 and asked '• Quid est hoc ?"' His undo, despising such vanity, took 
 a chew of tobacco from his mouth, and throwing it in his nephew's 
 face, replied, " Hoc est </«/(/." 
 
 54. The notes of the Maryland bank are now to be had for 
 12| cents the dollar : rare news tor shavers. " 'I'he Farmers Ex- 
 change Bank of Rhode Island," for instance, which, upon failure, 
 had only $380 in specie, to meet .fJoSOjOOO of its paper in circulation. 
 The best engravers of American notes, with most of those in Ca- 
 nada, are lluwdon, Wright, Hatch & Co. of New York, Rawdon, 
 Clark «S£ Co. of Albany. Tin- Legislature of New York Statu 
 passed an act, taking effect Sept. I, 18Ji5, prohibiting the circula- 
 tion of small Bank bills under '$3. Massachusetts, which has just 
 chartered six India Rid)ber manufacturing companies, and whose 
 immense Legislature (otl) even themselves condemn as burthen, 
 some and unca'Ied for, first put forth paper money. The Federal 
 government, during the revobitioiuiry war, of necessity used it : 
 60 depreciated was it at onetime, that $100 paper might bo bought 
 for one Spaiish dollar. As a contrast to this wholesale insolvency 
 at Nevr York, Fittaburg, tho Birmingham of America, will pni« 
 
\nnn?{t>.i. 
 
 17 
 
 several years m »ufcos;'.lon \vitl)v>ut rec >rding a bankrupt. On thfl 
 other hand, upon n recent suiniuiog up of t osts only, nrisin<5 from 
 suits against insolvents, in Kooion an'l its s'tate, they nmounted to 
 the large sum of ^1,000,000. Wc thus compassionate, a-ul ilms 
 reiieve the debtor — hut wl»at becoui; s of the creditor 1 he, who, by 
 OUT genenml'j has V,si iiW — nay, peradvetiture, may have been ruin, 
 cd ? W'u r^'fiise him every thi.tg — even that which costs us nothing — 
 pity and remi3iul)ra;icc ! Mayday is therelbre devoted to seeking 
 new houses and fresh lodging?;; this judicially impolitic measure 
 operates ^is a cliarm on tiie ex'-iteincnus of Jonatlian, a no bad re- 
 presentauve of the ))orpetual motion ; which, added to his 
 impri»vi(l(j;>ce, lavishing at each meal a decent compeierce for 
 aiioiher, mujit ev(ir keep him poor ; true, there arc exceptions, and 
 few f f.ough they arc, but the rule remains abso!.:fe. 05. \\ addi. 
 lion to this land tax, liicre is ai:^o a coMn!\' one, i'.m'Mntinjj to liaif 
 as much more. The division of lands hy Jolting, lirsl occurred 
 Under Sir T. Dale in 1015. The Anvnoan land sales fur thi» 
 year produeed $n,0()0,()00. 50, Mr. II. T. Paine, when a very 
 youMg man wrote a successful poem for the Boston 'IMieatre, which 
 ronnecting him with the drama, it became, unfortunately, a source 
 of anguish to himself, and of equal regret amongst his friends. 
 
 59. '1 alkitjg of libraries, a very siugidar (Jorman one exists at 
 Warsenstein, near Cussel — the books, or rather (heir substitutes, 
 being made of wood, and each a specimen of some dih^erent tree ; 
 every volume covrerpondsin size, and buiMj; hollow, are ccnsefjuently 
 boxes, separately coiiiaining the seed, fruit, leaves, moss, oi.d Ksccta 
 that feed upon each tree. Can y, I,ea tic Co., booksol!er.s of Phila- 
 delphia, are the Teggs ; and Harpers, fiur broihors, of New York| 
 printi:ig and binding 2000 books daily and, employing 200 work- 
 men, the Murrays of America ; whose people, genera ly, r:rj cor* 
 firmed Brianists, after a citizen of Lon'!o:i, who because the sliield 
 of the stationer's arms bears ihrf^e books dexter, gravely atTirmed that 
 no good citizen had occasion for more than tliat nuuiber, viz. t!iO 
 bible, prayer book, and almanac ; which is about as sage as the pro- 
 vincial manager, who threatened to discharge the horns from bia 
 orchestra, because they did'nt sound as hng as the fiddler^'. This 
 unblushing appropriation of the worksof others lately received a aC' 
 vere castigation in one of their reviews : a Yankee preacher hav- 
 ing published certain theological works as his own, by inference, a 
 reviewer, after speaking of them lesprctfully, thus cnic'iides, "Our 
 raptures would have been much greater, if we had not chanced to 
 have read them some time back, as the producUon of one Tilhtson,** 
 It ia'an indisputable fact, that owing to this easy mode of po'?'?e8sion, 
 an American author, or, as elsewhere, a dealer in words!, who gets 
 paid in bis own coin, will find a mu'di better market for his com- 
 modity in London than his own country. A Virginian gentle. 
 man, author of a very popular work, has now in band an Americaa 
 tale in threo volumes, for a first rate London House, for which ha 
 
18 
 
 ADDENDA. 
 
 is to receive jCOOO sterling. Cooper is mi exception to the torego- 
 ing rule, lie having reccivc<l from Ciircy, Lea tSi Co. $5000 tor 
 eacli of his novels, which, for Jonathan, is indeed an extraordinary 
 sum. Cernuinic v ritcrs, uinon<ist a popnhuion of 42,000,000, amount 
 to 12,000. The prucccd.s of Ei;giu:h LucriUure for 1834, di\ided 
 between iwokse'iois aiul authors, arc near £3.000,000. Head- 
 work is moi'- injurious tlian htnhly 'ibour ; but the combination of 
 both is most woariiig. \ sodoj>tary life, free from all excess, is 
 the condition most favourable to length of days. VVht'u Lord Ti- 
 mothy Dexter, of Newhuryport, Mass. a self-created New Eiij,'land 
 ]>eer, after the manner of Barren of lutclkci, wrote his famiHis book 
 oiitillcd, "A i-ickle {'or the Uiio" ing ones ;" there hapj)ciiiiig to be 
 many scliisms about ])unciuatioii. lus Jordship omitted it altcigether ; 
 and at the end of his work, print' d live pages of iiuthing but stops 
 and pauses, with which, ho .-said, the reader could pepper his dish 
 as he chose. An album— a hook kept by oiuj tool for another fool 
 to scribble in — is peeping about in Canada. Albums in Canada! 
 A tempest in a teapot ! Bond ritrcet in a wigwam ! we can hardly 
 forbear being boisterous on such an occasion, like the man, who, 
 when lie laughed, so shook the room, that even the very spiders 
 peeped from the cracks in amaze at the hubbub. The most ^iwc. 
 ccasful magazine in New York is tiie Knickerbocker, a term that 
 dales its origin from Holland, where it is as inalienably the cogno- 
 men of a true-born Dutchn an, as thut of John Bull is of an En. 
 glishman. The Morning Herald, amongst the cheap literature of 
 
 . the city, takes the lead for its taste and respectability, though pub- 
 lished daily it is but 8^ per annum. Sir Walter Scott's works, 
 1,200,000 volumes of whose productions have already issued from 
 the Edinburgh press, are great favourites throughout America. An 
 indescribable hallucination of eye, always preceded the outpourings 
 of his imagination. So also Maturin, who to apprize his family that 
 the glow of composition was upon him, stuck a wafer upon his fore- 
 head, which was a signal for universal silence. The letter paper 
 made in New Jersey is scented with rose and ger aiium. This 
 original New England Press belonged to Mr. Green, the first prin- 
 ier in North America — he died circa 1680. It is now in Elizabeth- 
 town, Essex County, and is truly unique. Their almanacs have 
 neither red letter days, nor lestivals or fasts. The sale of none of 
 them reaches that of our celebrated Moore's, 400,000 a year, though 
 its late compiler, Henry AndrcAvs of Royston, received but £25 per 
 annum. Fielding's works are much read here — his remains, with- 
 out a stone to mark the spot, lie in the burying-ground of (ho 
 English factory at Lisbon. Blillar, the publisher, gave him £2,200 
 for his Tom Jones, which cleared him £ld,000. He was alike 
 liberal to the author, a northern curate, of Burn's justice, which 
 realised him £11,000 more. 
 
 59. West once accidentally killing a dove, accounts for this 
 
 bird 80 often appearing in liis pictures. Judge Allen, of Pennsyl- 
 
ADDENDA. 
 
 19 
 
 
 vama, was Ijh traiis-utliiotic patron. Tlio growing imiecoiicy of 
 flie print sliopsiii New York, is a source of much inquietude to tlio 
 reflecting; part of it.s iiihabilants, and a tli(,-nK' fnr continual ;xnivnacl- 
 versiion from the .strictures of the prcjjs. Ilarclinn, the scissor j)r()- 
 Hiist, fortnerly oftlic Strand, who uses neither t»f'r.oil nor paint, hut 
 cuts out instanter on paper. I saw in tliis city, w here he was reapinfr 
 an ahundaiil harvest. The practice of taking })rotiley (iriginated 
 witli Phihp of Maccdon, to conceal tl»o detect of his ha\in^ but onu 
 eye. Mr. Uathhurn, of BuUalo, in 18;3ri, erected theiein !)^) htuk!- 
 ins^s, at n co.st of §500,000 ; und its citizens have recently snhscrihed 
 8120,000 for e.stat)hshin<^ a collego. At Pouglikocpsie, half way 
 between Mew York and Alluuiy, land f(;tches us niurh ()er foot a3, 
 three }ear.s ^<ince, it cost per acrn ; wliilst ^\hole townships m 
 INIaine have beet\ sold by auction in liitslon, shortly since, at eiglil 
 cents [)er acre, and alV' rwards r<'tailetl for counties-^ thousands. 
 When tlie re";u!anoiis for west I'osslon bridnc wen^ drawn up hv 
 two famous hiwyeriLi, one section was written, a>id noM staiuls thus: 
 '* The suid proprietors shall meet annually the lirst T\iesJay in June, 
 provided the same does not fall on ISunda//.^' 
 
 61. Admiral Ifawkins, in 1562, was the lirst Knglisbman who 
 brought this stain U[)on his coiuitry. Shivery originated with the 
 bishop of Chiapa, in Peru, who advised Charles V. of Spain, tho 
 substitution of negroes, to lignten the burdens of the Peruvians. 
 Thomas W'oohuan, a <i'iaker and 'IViilor of New .lersoy, lirst sug. 
 gested the idea of abolishing tlie slavo trade. Hn died at York, in 
 Er)glaud, Oct. 8, 1772. Wjiipping and hriUidirg still ibrm a part of 
 the penal code in South Carolina. This Misd Craudeil, for attempt- 
 ing to educate the young people of color, has been since compelled 
 to quit Canterbury. VV hilst the committee of vigila'ice in Feliciana, 
 Louisiana, have ollered in the Louisiana .loiirnal, a reward ot 
 $(50,(>00, for the apprehension of Arthur Tappan, of New York, to 
 be Litiched, for the crime of advocating: the abolition of slaverv, 
 If this be not taking gr.ai liberties with a man, it would be hard to 
 Bay what is ; and certainly the land in which such liberties are al- 
 lowed, is most asstucdiy the land of lihin-ty, of tlie free, the vox 
 popuh, in a word of cheap gov-irninent ; {or how much cheaper isit 
 to put oifenders to death after this fashion, than the dilatory, expen.. 
 sive, and old iashioned way of ()olicenien, mngislraies, indictments, 
 grand and potty juries, learned gentlemen, jaib, judges, and .John 
 Ketch .' Lynch law, or the union of judge and accuaci n the same 
 person, is a practice but too common in republics. The mode of 
 perpetuating slavery in non-slave liolding distncts, is tt) purchase 
 blacks and apprentice 1 hem lo their owiiers . hence these terms are 
 often synonymous. When an apprentiv:e or slave abscoiuls, the Amc 
 ricaii law compels anadverti.-^emento1]ering a reward for recovery : 
 ^ps and cents in such cases are common enough, but we seldom 
 liear of so enticing a reward as the I'oUowing, copied from a Lo\NeU 
 
20 
 
 4r>rii.M>.i. 
 
 paper; — " 100 stale egga will bo dLschurgbd ut the ruiiaway, when 
 ibuiici, and whoever brings him h.ick shall recfiive fifty more." 
 
 {i'i. The first executioii in Now Englaacl was i:i KioO. being 
 John Billi;i<i;t(»ii fur murder. \\ ith u;-;, u dcjilli-warraut is simply a 
 inargin.'il uote by the Jndijje, placid oppusiU^ tho felon's name, in li'iH 
 writ left with the sheriff, "Let him ho hiuigcd by the neck." Ati- 
 cieuily, before Latin was abolished the coiiris, " Sns. per col." for 
 Suspendatnr pei' colluin. A recent number oi' the (Jfjshen Donio- 
 crat, N.Y'. slates that Peter G;imo wiis executed in ''therourf roow" 
 of that village, on llio previous Friday ; but remarks on the uow law 
 requiriiijf; the secret execution of criminals, that it i.s unpopular, and 
 if persisted in, may lead to dangeroua results, 'I'lio Ducking Stool 
 for scolds is stiil retained in lialtimorc, and olher parts, one Mary 
 Da\is b(Mng its last rtcipicU. \ votmg iaily of Baltimore haviiig 
 lately destroyed K<r;>elf from an ntfair of the heart, the coroner'.s 
 jury pro!;oui;ced ir, "Died by the visitation of Cu()id." Neverthe- 
 less, sympathy and sen-ibdity, so much and deservedly eulogised in 
 Europe, are hero, and in (.'atiada, of small (?stimation ; and hanpy 
 is the man who expects litllc from either, for verily he siiall not be 
 disappoint(.-d. The population characteristics in New SouthWales, 
 fiincc SctttchnuMi are said to hrr l>anished their country for great 
 crimes, Englishmen lor sinail ones, a;;d Lii'hmen, genei-ally, for 
 no crime at all, may be thus distinguished: an h'ish convict may bn a 
 good inati, an English oi:e passable, but a Scotchmisn is a villain. 
 04. At Harper's I'erry is a wonderful likeness of Washington, (bund 
 in the stupendous rocks which ovorha'>f>: the Potomac. It is situated 
 high uf) the promoiitor} , on the Maryiuua side of the river, looking 
 northward. Most o( thr> Pittsburgh manufactories being extensive 
 and respectable, form exceptio::3 to Jonathan's gasconading upon 
 these matters, sucit as the largest factory in the world, wliich, being 
 interpreter], means three njen ai;d a boy. 
 
 6.;. The first permniieni theatre built in America was at Anna, 
 polis, the ancient metropolis, though the first regular play was at 
 Williamsburgh, ^'irginia, Septe'uibor 2;'), I7r)2, by a company from 
 England, under the management of Mr. IJallam. On this occa- 
 sion, the first coni^">osition connected with the American drama, writ- 
 ten by Mr. Singleton, was delivered by Mr. Kighy. First jSowYork 
 theatre >N as erected in .\i.ssan Street, and opened Septemb;3r l7(h, 
 175.'i ; and tirst theatrical e .nibitiou at Phihulelphia was in April 
 17^)4. Expenses <d'the Park theatre, in 1800, were 'lill'200 weekly ; 
 and a native star, for the same time, had 8100, with a free benefit. 
 Largest sum ever taken in an American theatre, was at (Jooper's 
 recent benefit in the Dowery, whi.h produced $4, .500. In this last 
 house, I witnessed the |)crform.;nce of Handel, ibr wliich Shakes- 
 pear(! received but .C;') ; its 0|)helia was exquisitely delineated by an 
 American lady named Clifton: the portico of this theatre, beautiful 
 as it is, has been censured as more suited to the tribunal of Justice 
 Ihan a temple of the Muses. A leading journal, after descanting 
 
ADD*MX>A. 
 
 21 
 
 upon the first appearance of Fanny Kemblc at the Park theatre, fhua 
 
 concludes)' its notice ot'tlie aud 
 
 anny 
 ience, 
 
 lever, on any re|)utab!e oc- 
 
 casion, have individuals in the pit and boxes been juilly ofso many 
 acts of" indecorum." Whilst llie pit in the Bowery keep a sharp 
 look'out for any rnishchaviour ii) the boxes, which tiiey nninediatcdv 
 reduce to order by the magical cry oT *' Trollofe,** In oi.o of ilTe 
 tragedin.; (Metaniura) hero spoken ol'by the nativis writers, J. Stone, 
 iis autiior, rectivi.'d -SriOO frmn Mr. Forest, the American traf;edian. 
 'Vho. t.'harleston n)aiiager recently ofTered $300 for an original tra- 
 gedy or cuoied}', if approved. Mr, I)uid(>|), late Yankee manaircr 
 uflliePark, is their rnoi-t prolific (lran)ati;;t, having wriiten tifry 
 pieces, both comedy and tragedy, the difierenco l>ct\\een uiiicli 
 mainly consists in this — the tormei generally terminates in a church, 
 and the latter in a churchyard. Their list of miscellaneous diama- 
 tic writers amounts to 100. The iirst American tragedy. Prince of 
 Parthia, was wriiten, but never [•erlormed, in 17U5, by .Mr.T. (Jod. 
 frey ol' Philadelphia. The first native play produced on the boards, 
 A}»ril 17, 1 781), was the Contrast, a comedy, by R. Tyler, Ya^(\. of 
 Boston. 'Mic first American born actfU' wa^ Jnhn Martin, who ap- 
 peared i;> 1T;>1 : he was preceded by two. New England ladie-. ^is- 
 tors, named Take. I'lacide, known formerly as a tumbler a^ Sad- 
 ler's Wells, hy the name of the Great Dexil, has bLen long •settled 
 as a comedian in the Park, which is rented at ^10,000 per annum, 
 aud the Piuwery, 81*2,000. The first six months of Madame Co- 
 le-te's eng.igoment in America, produced her $j34,('O0 ! 'Jhe first 
 actress that appeared on the English boards, was Mrs. Sannderson, 
 at Lincoln's Inn Field's theatre, in 166"--. Roscius, the eminent 
 Roman nctor. derived tlierefr(nn, according to Cicero, an annual 
 reve:me of X48,434 .' Boston is allowed to be the most hberai sup. 
 j)orter of the histrionic 'irt. W'hen our tragedian, Cooke, first ap- 
 peared in the theatre o( this city, (where he died, afier tidui'g his 
 last draught or the banks of Braudywine) upon drawing up tie cur- 
 tain, he insisted that the band should play God Sax'e the King before 
 he commenced, aiul that the audience should stand during its per- 
 formance. Ticket-touters to this house, the morning previous to 
 tile appearance of a ^tar, in order to gain ready access to the box 
 office, crowded at such times, resort to the ruse of bedaubing them- 
 selves with some obnoxious liquid, aiul in thiswjiy uccjuire Ji mono- 
 poly of admissions, which they afterwards br-jew to the play-going 
 public. One of the Thespian corps originated the word <y«/j. R. 
 Dalv, patentee of the Dublin theatre, made a bet, tliat thr re would 
 he spoken throughout the city next day, Sunday, a word having no 
 nieaning, and derived from no known language. Scattering his atix". 
 iliaricH overnight, through the town, he directed them to chalk quiz 
 on the doors and siuitters of its principal streets; hy m hich means 
 this word, 014 the morrow, being in everyone's mouth, the bet was 
 gained : hence its origin. Freemasonry, according to the private 
 «dmiission of Washingtoxj, revolutionised Americajand, from the same 
 
oo 
 
 At)|)i^M>A. 
 
 t.uthorily, vvitt be her dowiiiall, if in the ascendant. On this account, 
 the Society, whicii first appeared at Boston in ll'.iii, and camo ori- 
 ginallv f.onii the ll(»ly War, dor-s not flonri^jh in the Union. 1 knew 
 that it had been banished all despotic Stales, but was not aware that 
 it was di.scouragod in a free one. The lirst introduction of Free- 
 niosonry into Et)f:;hind,a.s a hod> , was in 674, when Hexham church 
 was built bv the celebrated Wilfred, avciibishop of York. ^ C7. 
 In EngUuid, last year, I'-IO tons of steel were used in the manufacture 
 of in(.f;iilic pens, each tijn prodncin-j 1,900,000 peiis.^ 
 
 as. St;natoi>! of Conj^re^iS are inordinate snulF-takers. and on 
 the prospect of a lon^' day's session, bring crackers, cheese, and 
 giiigojlnead into the hoiise, and spread them out upon their maho- 
 g.tny dcAis, ix.i for a dinner; after which, if not oarlior, they per- 
 sonalls indulge in a nod and forty winks. Many travellers have 
 clmckkd ut the bknaL-rs of new nienibers, heedless of those of 
 their own ; but as chuckling is ]>Ieasanter if reciprocal, I give 
 Jonathan the benefit of the followhig two : "When Lord Eldon 
 (then 8ir J. Sooit) brcaight in liis bill to restrain the liberty of the 
 press, a nu-inht r uioved, as an additional clause, that all anonymous 
 works thifuld have the names of their authors printed on the title 
 page." In a bill tor pulling down (he old Newgate in Dublin, and 
 rebuilding it in the tfu/na spot, it was enacted that to prevent unne- 
 cessaiy cxj)eJise "the prisoners should rcmtiin in the o/c/ jail till the 
 MOW one was fiiii^^hod." (jo-a-hcad, its originator. Col. Crocket, 
 to illuslralo the rapidity of travelling on a rail-road, in his recent tour 
 just jHiblished, does it with the ftdlowing delectable morceau. "On put- 
 ting n.v head out to spit a-head, it overtook me so quickly, as to liit 
 incsni.ick in the face." Dariuii; Jetlerson's administration, syrup was 
 provided in the capilol lor the refreshment of members, which was 
 turnished under the head of slationary : a member who did not like 
 it, desired the purveyor to provide whiskey for those who j)referred 
 it, and charge it fo tlie accompt oi' fuel. And in the Senate- 
 house of Barbadoes, they drink punch, being first handed to the 
 Speaker, then to members, aiid linally the audience, it being consider- 
 cd strictly in order for strangers to join in this part of the debate. 
 Two corporals ol' the 31st regiment, in addition to the commander's 
 horse, vho accompanied the tlag of truce, sent into Washinglot) by 
 General Ross, wore killed by the Americans tiring upon it, which 
 infringement of the laws of war, brought on the conilagration iil;at 
 followed. An English gentleman, residing in London, has this 
 year, 16135, made a munificent largess of JC'200,000, to endow a 
 univer.jity in the city of \Va!-:hi!igton. The American constitution 
 forbidding its officers to receive gifts from foreign powers, the two 
 Arabian horses presented to (Jeneral Jackson by the Eniperor of 
 Morocco, were s(^ld by auction, and their produce, 82065, lodged 
 in the pidjlic treasuiy. There is much frigiil austerity about the 
 General, somewhat rescndjiing Crassus, stirnamed Agelastes, who 
 is reported to have laughed but once in his life — on seeing an Ass 
 
M*yHSl).\, 
 
 23 
 
 browze upon tliistles. Gononil Jackson is uUci sukI to h<j near- 
 Hiiilitcd. accuriiii'irlv, after tlie fasliion of the times, tho'K* ser\ir;2 
 under liim are Mioj>os. 'J'lns passion for iinilutiiig our nili rs, even 
 id tl.jir ilefecirt, accordiiij^f to Di..iloru?j Sieuluy, mils umivalh. fl 
 anioujrst tlic Ktliiopians, ^^l!e^o, wijen they Ii:h! a lame or one-eyed 
 stivcreigii, they mouM voluntanly break a liirib or [iluek out an e' • ; 
 for they tli<;iig!it \{ ill became tbern to wtilk upri;iht, wiioii tluir prif.ec 
 was Icrced lo iialt, or to sec \\ illi two eyes when their ifriicioi;s in: >■■- 
 ter could see only with one. Tho b;uiks of Newfoundland exteid 
 over 40,000 mdeaofsuri'ucc, ;itul lie ut a dopth varvin^ from VA) to 4;') 
 fathoms, 'i hese opiriicms havC been strcngtliiMied by their novelist 
 (. ooper, who in hi.-s tvo volunio " Notions of the AnaTicaiis,' be.s- 
 towtj on liis coimtrvinen the following superlative epithets : " Most 
 active, quick-wittedj enterprising, orderly, moral, vigorous, h«^rdlhfnl, 
 manly, generosis, just, v ise, eivilized, liberal, politic, eidightoned. 
 mgenioup, moderate, glorii us, (irm, free, virtuous, intelligent, saga- 
 cious, kmd, honest, brave, independent, gallant, intellectual, well- 
 governed, elevated, dignified, free, immaculate, extraordinary, 
 wonderful, most improving, iimocenf, and simple." 'J'his America: 
 simplicity exceeds that ofpr«ifes>or !Segur,.who in his edition of one 
 of tfie classics, eiribellished it witli a copper (.date, repret<(nting on 
 one side Christ upon tiic cross, and on the other an efHgy of b'rn- 
 self, v\ ith the following label attached to his mouth : "' Lord Jesv^s, 
 lovest tiuiu me ?" to which question, by another Inbel, he receives 
 this answer: " Highly fanied, excellent, and most learned Doctor 
 Segur, Imperial Poet, and most deserving Master of the school of 
 Wittenburgh, thou knowcsl 1 love thee !" 
 
 69. St. Tamany, originally an Indian warrior of the Dela- 
 ware tribe, renowned 'jr his valour and love o( country, has been 
 commemorated in a play of the same name, written by Mrs. Hat. 
 ton, one of the Kemble family, and presented to the Tariiany societv , 
 a new political association, under the influence of Democrats, stre- 
 nuous advocates for the customs of the bv-gone aborijjinees. — 
 71. 'J'he Sea Serpent has been, dramatised, by an American named 
 Crafts. 72. A society composed of *K^ lawyers has just sprung 
 
 up in Baltimore : they seldom meet twice in the same place, never 
 communicate with each other by writing, nor contmit any part of 
 their proceedings to paper : they have not yet given themselves a 
 name, but the public have saved tlicm that trouble, b\ unanimously 
 dubbing them the Modern Banditti. In Holland every advocate is 
 obliged to swear that he will not umlertakc a cause that he knows 
 to be unjust. Peter the (ircaf, on beaiing that iiis people were 
 much harrassed by lawyers, took them m hand, and allowing ihem 
 a suflicient salary from the state, ordereil that if any lawyer should 
 thereafter be foun<l accepting a fee, or retarding a process, he was to 
 be knouted and banished to Siberia; whereupon they became, on a 
 sudden, as remarkable for honesty, as they had been before notorious 
 for corruption. Th© oditor of the Painsvillo Telegraph, was recently 
 
24 
 
 X1>U<1>0^. 
 
 convicted of a libel, for publishing the name of the secrefnry of a 
 public instiiution in small Italics: damages $52. The Italic letter 
 is an improved imitation of t'oe careless hand writing of Petrarch. 
 A case of assault and battery bcinj; lately tried at Williamsburgh, 
 Virginia, the jury returned a verdict that the plaintiff should receive 
 thirty nine lashes at the public whipping post, and that his lawyer 
 should pay the costs of prosecution. 
 
 74. ()f those signers, Carroll of Carrolton, is the only one 
 with his residence appended. The fifty-sixlh signer died fifty-six 
 years after signing tlic dcciuralion of Independance. Speaking of 
 nobility, reminds Oiie of Czarnitiarmo, a village in Pomerania, 
 comprising but 150 acres of cultivated land, yet containing twelve 
 noble families : the crier and cow-keeper are the only villagers not 
 noble, but their wives however were born nobles. The nobility of 
 Russia make the goodly number of 340,000. Children, on the 
 Malabar coast, are capable of being noble only by the mother's 
 ftide, it being allowed them to fake as many husbands as they please, 
 and to quit them when thoy thitdi proper. 
 
 75. Of the iljOOO persons confined in the jails of New York 
 state alone, during 1833, it is asserted by iheir respective keepers, 
 that 18,000 of them were confirmed drunkards. Ardent spirits, 
 says an American writer, have cost the nation, during the last ton 
 years, a direct and indirect expense of twelve hundred million dollars ; 
 have destroyed 300,000 lives, sont 100,000 children to the poor 
 house, consigned at least 150,000 persons to the state prisons, made 
 1000 maniacs, instigated the commission of 1500 murders, caused 
 2000 individuals to commit suicide, burnt or destroyed $5,000,000 
 worth of property, and made not less than 2,000,000 widows, with 
 1,000,000 orphans. From this it may be inferred that dram-selling 
 is a profitable business ; no such thing, for of the 939 tavern keep- 
 ers enumerated in 32 towns, of the single state of New York, no 
 less than 816 became banktnpt. Alexanderdied from drunkenness, 
 and, previously, 42 guests in one of his orgies : Maximinus drank 
 80 pints at a bout, and Cicero's son two quarts at a draught ! Per- 
 haps the Massachuseit Legislature had these worthies in perspective, 
 when they enacted a law that drutikards should be posted. The 
 following method, by a German mayor in the department of Isere, 
 I take to be more efTectual, '* All persons tippling upon Sundays and 
 holidays, in houses of public resort, during the celebration of mass 
 or vespers, are iiereby authorised to depart without paying for what 
 they have had." Dr. Hamilton, nick-named the Saw-dust bread 
 eater, is a travelling lecturer, in the Union, against the use of tea 
 and coffee, which he pronounces baneful and intoxicating ! What 
 next? This unique opinion rivals that of Chevrcaux, who in his 
 history of the world, says that it was created on Friday the 6th 
 Septen)ber, a little after four o'clock, P. M. 
 
 76. This prohibition emanated from the Blue laws of Connec- 
 ticut, which further cnaclcdL that no one should rua on the sabbath. 
 
 1 
 
▲ 1)DLM)A. 
 
 2.J 
 
 Wfilk in inn gtirJeu, or cl-icwhuiC, except lo and trofn cltapul : nor 
 travel, cook victuals, make buds, yweop the house, cut hiur, or 8ba>e 
 on a sumlay : nor at any time whatever give food or shelter to a 
 Quaker, or oiher henslic. Tlu.ir inoile of culling peoplo to worship 
 was by beat of drum, for mIucIi ihe ixMlbrnitr reciivf.d 4d. aunually 
 in WHinjjuni tVoiii eacli fiuuily ia tiie towu. Vide notes 15 *St^ 21, 
 A Hill hurf been lately introduced to the Mussachusett's Lciiislalure, 
 levying a line of y 10 on every person travelling upon a s-unday. 
 In this state, during 1(5 19, one ''•latthew Stanlev was tried' *"t . en- 
 gaging the ulTcctiona of the daughter of John Tarbox, Avithout 
 the consent of her parents, and fined JC1.3. The same vear, 
 Three married women weio fined five shillings each for acolding. 
 
 77. The ladies here in walking have a sort ofgracele.-s: .mole, re- 
 Reinbling a sluitHo.as if fettered at the knee, pinched by a tight shoe, or 
 woarmg a French one. 'I'bey have also much aversion to be called 
 vtoinen, bectnise placij.g them in juxla-{)Ooilion with \\n: canaille. 
 In reality, uiislocralie ferling is as [)revalent amongst tiiein as ia 
 any jmrt of the globe. 78. To (him.}) is a common term in use among 
 these eartmen, signifying to throw down. 
 
 80. Although the Mord chapel is d.erived from the Latin of 
 capella, it is generally held lo be a corruption of St, Alariin's cha. 
 peau, or hat, which acconi])anying the ancient French Kings in their 
 wars, was kept in a tent as a sacred relic, called, on that account, 
 chaptUe. This interweavfaient of secular objects with those of 
 heavenly, in places of divine worship, is an utdioly union, highly 
 discreditable to its framers and abettors, and equally subversive of 
 hoiiour to God. Vestries, in temples of tlie Deity, au; too much in 
 accordance with established usage, to be generally followed by 
 Federalists ; accordingly, their places of public worship, are, for 
 the most part, without them ; which is also copied by tlie meeting- 
 houses in Canada ; it is painful, and in many instances ludicrouF, 
 to observe the expedients to which the want of this appendage 
 necessarily leads ; wiierein, on conclusion of the regular even- 
 ing service, it is often renewed, ad injiniium, after the manner 
 of Hannebach, divinity professor at Vienna, who has been lectur- 
 ing twenty-one years upon the first chapter of Isaiah, without yet 
 counns lo an end. 
 
 84. God save the King, was written by Ben Jonson, set to 
 music by Dr. Bull, and first sang in Merchant Tailors' Hall, at a 
 dinner given to King James I. July 16, 1607, to commemorate hia 
 escape from the Gunpowder Plot. This price for Medoc has been 
 since exceeded by IVIr. Bolt's horse, Gohaima, which, this year, at 
 the Tree Hill Course, fetched the large sum of !$14,000. 85, 
 
 The first FingUshman who sailed through Long Island Sound, was 
 Captain Dermer, in 1610. 8G. A soup club is established hert, 
 
 its invitation to members is couched in the following terms, " The 
 Hoboken Turtle-club will meet there next Monday for Spoon semee." 
 In the environs of New York, are also wooden tea gardens, which 
 
26 
 
 Al)1>ENnA. 
 
 ki 
 
 icro mean a garden oompofjcd of small wooden boxes, in which fxll 
 tindM ol beverage are drank excepting tea. The old duelling 
 <rround is at the Wiehawhon lilull, on the Jersey shore. The lirst 
 duel fouf,'ht in New I'^nglarid was in 1630, between Edward Doty 
 and Kdward Leister, servants to a Mr. Hopkins, who, to prevent a 
 repetition of snch affairs, wore wenJenced to have their head and 
 feet tied together, and so lie for 2 J hour.s, without either meat or 
 drink. And in 1817 a point of honour was decided between two 
 ladies, neur the South Carolitia line, in which one of them was 
 wounded. This pugnacious spirit is sometimes goaded by the most 
 public provocation; as that of (ienerul WilUinson against Mr. llan. 
 dolpli, who when Congress assembled, caused the ibllowinr notice 
 to be stuck up in all public places at Washington. " llecior un- 
 masked, in justice to my character, I denounce to the woiid, John 
 Randolph, member of Congress, a prevari 'ating, base, calumniu- 
 ting scoimdrel, poUiooii, and coward." In consequence of the fright, 
 ful results from this relic of the barbarous ages in Anierica, tho 
 ejkCCutive of the United States now casliier all officials engaged in 
 this nnjustitiable custom ; those olTicers concerned in the late duel 
 at Philadelphia, have been disunss'ul the service. By the Mexican 
 law, if one man kill another in a duel, he becomes amenable for all 
 his debts. B7. Principally by their notorious pirate, Black 
 
 Beard, whose crew were captured, and himself killed, by Lieute- 
 nant Maynard, at an inlet in North Carolina, Nov.. 22, 1718. 
 
 88. A store-keeper here, ou his daughter's wedding, gave her 
 v;eight, as a portion, in hard dullars, irom, [ doubt, a London shop 
 keeper in 1770, presenting each of his eleven daughters, as a dow- 
 er, her w«igbt in copper coin; the lightest damsel received 24064 
 halfpence. Ir ancient Babylon, 500 years before Christ, marriage- 
 able virgins were disposed of by auction. A late fashionable mar. 
 riage in the Droadway, was attended by 123 carriages full of guests. 
 Seeing that married women live longer than single ones, general 
 connnbialism is natural enough, but the foregoing Cincinnati divorce 
 result is certainly unrivalled. To stand up with me, is an invitation 
 from a Yankee to- attend his marriage. The New England Review 
 closes its observatAons upon one of those breach of promise suits, a 
 January and May alTair, in fiiese terms, " Dry up your tears, Miss 
 Hannah, $800 dontgrowon overy bush ; besides the hide and talloAv 
 of an old ox will buy a young steer." " The Green Mountain De- 
 mocrat," has the following, '• Divorced by the Supreme Court Feb. 
 20, 1835, for intolerable severity, Mrs. Nancy TNler from Mr. 
 Samuel Tyler. Married, on Yah. 23, 183."), :Mr. Samuel Tyler to 
 Mrs. Nancy Tyler." From tho Kentucky Reporter, " Beware of 
 th«^' swindler Jesse Dougherty, who married me last November; ho 
 has ten wives living, and will, if ho can, have ten more, to get their 
 property, as that is the way he makes his living. Mary Dodd, Li- 
 vingston County, Kentucky." This fellow Dougherty must have 
 been a complete Turk, a fitful companion to the Prince de Conti, 
 
APDP.M'A. 
 
 27 
 
 ^vjio exiictiul ft ring iVom cver\- lady lio favoicd wiih hi.s love ; winch 
 lings, at liis death, nmuunted to 3500 ! On a rect-nt uijirriage in 
 North C'urohna, the lady changing her nnnd a Aw honrs alter the 
 ceremony, applied to the Legislfiture for a divorce, who galianilv 
 granted it. licence, since iieso demoralizing results niny he traced 
 to early nnd nnliscriniinate marriages, the Bavarian law, forbidding a 
 man to marry heforc he is 'do, or a fenmle under 1?, Nvould he he- 
 noficial In the States. Those Five Points — b\ tiie way, New York 
 id last excelhng any ca[)ital in Europe for its hannis of crime and 
 beggary — are about disappearing, and their miscellanecns melanj^e 
 of occupants turned out, in the wortis ofonotd'them. 'right ojj'smuih.^* 
 Cross, Anthony and Orange streets converging, furnisli a cognonn^n, 
 among the citizens, synonymous wiih every thing bad and vulgar. 
 Those who perambulatt; for health and exercise, appear to be gra- 
 dually <lis(^overing tii;it there is . nch a place as the battery. 
 
 91. IJounty lands in the Illinois pay a stale tax of $2, 40 per 
 quarter section, and a road one of !$1,'J0, A Kcntuckian steam-boat 
 captain, lately addressing one of the company, whom he knew, at 
 dinner, said, " (.ieneral, shall 1 help \<,u to u piece of roast-beef ?" 
 There were twenty. five gentlemen at table, titenfi/.thrcc of wliom, 
 api)ropiiating this title to themselves, immediately replied to hisj ci- 
 vility. 92. This system dilfers widely from that of farmers in 
 tlie Upper Alps, who commonlv yoke a woman to the ploush ah)og 
 with an ass, whilst her husband guides it. Ho moreover lends his 
 wife to a n«nghbour in want of help, who when called upon, returns 
 the compliment, A Muscovite woman improves even upon this, by 
 lamenting the loss of her husband's love, if he forbear giving her, 
 once a week al least, a sound thrashing. Indian Corn was first 
 found, concealed in hillocks, by a reconnoitering party of the land- 
 ing Pilgrims, 
 
 93. Captain Wordsworth by stratagem, in 1687, preserved 
 the original charter of Connecticut in the hollow of an old tree. 
 The Legislature of this state, m 1705, exempted its ministers from 
 taxation ; a Synod of /horn, in 1708, put forth the Saybrook plat, 
 form : but in 1725 Synods were abolished altogether in New ICng. 
 land. R. AIsop, a native of Middleton. (iiJonnecticut, known as a 
 poet and translator, died there in IS 15. Dr. Barlow, author of 
 the Columbiad, was also born in this state : he died in 1812, on 
 his journey to Wilna, to visit Napoleon. The state house of Ra- 
 leigh was consumed by tire, in 1831, and Conova's celebrated Pta- 
 tue of Washington, destroyed with the building. On celebrating 
 the 4th of last July m Raleigh, Mr. A. Wall, aged one hundred 
 and nine years, apologised tor non-attendance, because he was busy 
 with his crops ; but sent, as ins deputy, one of his sons, a lad of 
 eighty-two. The sale of those clocks was principally efl'ected by 
 soft sawder, a species of flattery peculiar to a Yankee, and human 
 natur, a phrase eternally on his tongue, implying management in 
 leaving the article until a second call, when it is generally found to 
 
2a 
 
 A1>UL>UA. 
 
 bo a fixture. Wo can do very well \^il.^lOut i.ny nrliclc of luxury 
 not seen, but if once in po-c^'-ssion, fiM'.l it (Uffioult to rcliinjuish. 
 *' I trust loS']/'t sawdvry oneof llu.s'j dcnltrs honeslly cont'esaod to me, 
 for gottiiig my clock into it liousu, and to Iraman ntilur tor its ntayinj; 
 lliere." A down-ciist j>odi;ir overtaking another on tho road, 
 thus accosted liirn, '• Ilidloo, fiiend, vslwit do you curry ?" "Drugs 
 mid MedicinoH," wtis tin; r(|d\. *' (Jood," relurned the olh«jr, 
 " you may go a-hcad — 1 carry .'fnwv.-sloncx.'' 
 
 07. I^oiiisianii, so called in coiaplimoot to king Loui« Xl'V, 
 was tho nucleus of Law's faniou:^ Mi^^assippi bulible, by whiciitbe 
 FVonch mf»nnrch [nit '201) millions into liis porkef, at tlif.' small ex. 
 penso of be^.;jfarin^^ thouNands of bis subieot^). T!ie (rcrntaii popu. 
 lalion of Oluo, or hcautifn!, is l()il,OOI>. Thn /imericdn bf'och- 
 troo was never known to attract li;^litning ; hence, u iuti u slorm 
 conies on, tho Indians bilnk',) themselves to it lor sbf'Ucr. Other 
 accounts stale tliat Kenlicky \sas settled by Coloiiel lioon in 177.'}. 
 Its vsoil is rich and produc'ive, originating thi; sn\ing — - If yon 
 plant a crow-bar overnight in Konlucky, it will sprout ten-penny 
 nails by tho morr.ing.'' 9S. Lord iOxinoutli's grandfather had 
 
 a valuable tobacco plantation (ipon Kent Jshmd, Maryland, which 
 he lost on rovolt oi the colMiie.s: his family are denied any com- 
 pensation from the Stati-s, bocunse three of its m'nnbers luire arms 
 against them. This money q'.iartering is not new, as KdMard the 
 first's penn)' piece waci coined with a cro^s in such sort of way, 
 that it rnitiht bo easily l)roken in the middle, or in a quarter, and so 
 made half-pence or farthings at [dcasure. 9f). The Mi.^HJssfippi was 
 discovered by r. do Soto, in 15)1. 'J'iie first Europeans tiiat traver- 
 sed it were a French catholic missionary, accompanied bv !\L de la 
 Salle. 101. The citizens of New Orleans, in April 16oo, pre- 
 
 Bented senator Moore with a handsome service of plate, for his ex. 
 ertions to suppress gambling. It is the most immoral city in Ame- 
 rica. Brandy, or O. D. V. is the chief liqnd drank. Taxation 
 by the people, in other words rent, here exceed;^ all bounds, inso. 
 much that an inferior house cannot be rented for less than <^1,0()0 a 
 year. The Creole women in this city, and the Union generally, 
 are handsome, approaching to beantilul. The word crcolc does i5ot 
 signify a mulatto, but simply a nation : thus, " He is a Creole of 
 Louisiana," is to say — he is a native of Louisiana. A cabin pas. 
 sage from Wheeling to New Orleans, 1,000 miles, was ihis year 
 835, and a deck one $9. Mellish's American Traveller contains 
 the best description of the roads, and may be purchased in any 
 part of the United States. 
 
 111. The captains of ihese steam-boats will commend their 
 vessels in the following terms : " She trots olf like a horse : all 
 boiler ; hard work to pull her in at the wharfs and landings. I 
 could run her up a cataracts She goes three knots a minute, and 
 jumps all the enags and sand-banks." 112. The first earth- 
 
 quake after the settlement of New FCngland, was in .lune 1638 ; 
 
AI>1>F.\I>A. 
 
 to 
 
 thuro liJivr Imjoci rimny Hincc, but tho inont violent occurred tti No- 
 vembrr I7r).'). VU\a \*lli^U^'V■ insurroclioii amongst the I'oniisylva- 
 niuHH took pliico during Wasliingfon'H adniiniHirafi(»n. Tobacco, 
 borauf-o iVtutid l)y the Sf ani.irds, ir)'JO, near Tubjisco in .Mexico. 
 ll;<. TliiH sMuuiuT lb(; tido of omigralinii has bten to tlu; Ilihioii 
 and Michigan ; but iti coiu^tcquchct* o!* tbc bcartlosi practises of 
 Rpoculal.ir.-', groat dissatisfaction prevails in the latter state. Its 
 whole expense tor .selling, making out tbo deeds, recei\itig and 
 paving tbo procectly, JCU2,nO(», from l.-uid. is but £17:)(». 'J'lio 
 rro[)ar'-:xtiila has rceently granted $••(),()!'() (or e;)tiibli.sliing a con- 
 vent in Mi^bigan. Mr. F^obertson'tt late balloon ascent in .Mexico, 
 realised lilin !^>r2.r)t)0 : bo is conti'niplating a second, wbicb bo ex- 
 pects will n-f bim AiO.OOO. In the last ballooning trip from Cin- 
 cinnati, by H yanhe lifimeil Clayton, 'KHl miles v ere gone r)ver in 
 nine liouTH, !> mg tbo longest neriel voyage on record. Planting 
 rice was fust iiitr'iHueed into ('arolina, circa Kii).'), by tbo governor, 
 who received n present of a bag of rice from Madagascar. Tho 
 i!itestii:es of a ('.iro'iinu parrot are an icstanfaneoos poiison to cats. 
 Tb.'ir g<;vernor.s serve tv.'o years, and cannot !/<; elected more than 
 three titne^; in snc.ee.s.sion. 
 
 114. Tiie N, \v Yorkers arc great a-bDircs of eloquence, and 
 a prtjaclicr 'vill tind it no easy matt'r m jde; so them, uiiles-s be 
 reads and sneak') well. Tbo r."Vcnu(rH ( f Trinity C'bureb are res. 
 tricied to .tloOOO sterling per arnuin), otberwis.^, from its large c\\y 
 property, it wnuld be ten times as niiicb. l.'pon a tomb in i.a 
 cburcii-yard, is tin- (Vtllov/ing e.Ypre.s.sive inscription : " My mother. 
 'I'lio trutnpi^t shall .-•nmr!, and the dead sh;ill rise." Dr. Mmmons, 
 now p:i5;i 91, i^ the oblest divide in the Hailed States. }Ie is called 
 t'ne last of thecock'd hats, beeauffe adhering to the ancient clerical 
 ftisbion of wearing a thrce-corried beavei. 1 lo. The first me- 
 
 thodist preachi ig in New York, was at n house in William St., 
 then a rigging loft. The preacher, '1'. End)ury, being a carpen- 
 ter, made his own pulpit. In Ki.'iO, four f[uaker.-i were executed; 
 and the State of Rhode Island, 1G05, ouMawed them for refusing 
 to bear arms. The amount paid by them in Fingland, under the 
 article of tithes, which they denominate sufferings according to 
 their apologist 'V. I^.essi, \\\> to last year, forms the gross turn of 
 £1,125,000. The Cambridge Platform, and the Westminster Con- 
 fession of Faith, were received by most of tho New England 
 churches in 1618. 110. When the Hev. George Wbitelield 
 
 ■was in America — who died there on his seventh ^isit, September 
 30th, 1770. aged 50 — he ofien preached, after midnight, I'rom the 
 gallery of the Court-house, Philadelphia. He was distinctly heard 
 on the Jersey shore, an. 1 clearly understood at a distance of 400 
 feet. The following fiecdote illustrates his style of preaching. — 
 In a sermon, one day, at the Court-house, he made a full pause, 
 then suddenly cried out, '• Father Abraham, who have you got in 
 heaven, any Kpiscopalians '" "No." "Any Presbyterians?" 
 
30 
 
 AlJliLNDA. 
 
 N( 
 
 » 
 
 Methodisls thi 
 
 \o. ' "Any Baptidts?" "No." «* Have you any :>ieuiodisi3 tnere 
 " No." *' Have \o\i any Iiulepcudcnts or Seccdcrs ?" " No ! no !" 
 "Why, who have you there /" 'We don't know those names 
 here; all (hal are here are C/irisHuns.'' " O, is this the case? 
 then God help us all to forget party names." 
 
 121. Anthraci(e, or .stone coal, abounds in Pennsylvania: 
 from 'i\s iuiense hea?, little sulphur, or other injurious ingredients, 
 it is well adajyted for Ibuudrics and ail similar esiablidhmeuta. Mr. 
 'J'aylor, a large coal mine owner, and collier agent !o the Duke ot' 
 Nnrihumberland, proves that the coal Htrata of the northren coun- 
 tries, from llic: [>reseut rate of constunplion, will not be exhausted 
 for above ] TOO \ oars. 1*21, Professor Waterhouse, of Cam- 
 
 bridge. Mass. inoculated for the kine pox in 1800. 124. Dr. 
 
 Fnmklin also formed and promoted the fir.st association for prevent- 
 ing firt?.<?. During the severe winter of 17S3, the only daughter of 
 an aged couple, in this city, then in great distress, repaired to a 
 denti.yt thereof, who was known to give $20 for every sound i'ore- 
 tooth. On making known the circumsiances which led her to the 
 sacrifice, he could not forbear shedding tears, but declined the pur- 
 i'hasf>, as from iidmiration of her conduct, he benevolently present, 
 ed her with .^oO. 120. Dew and rain should be carefully 
 
 iruardcd airainst, and never omit chai'^ing your clothes after a 
 ))rofuse perspirrtiOii. 127. Schuyler's office has sold ?$3,000. 
 
 000 of prizes during the lust four years. The South Car«ilinians 
 \m\e introduced matrimonial loMeries. The first venture of a 
 stranger, if ono of many, a ship's company, for iiistanee, is fre- 
 quenllv a lucky one ; this is obvious. Lotteries v<'re suppressed 
 in Massachusetts, 1710, but re-enacted in 1759. Their jjrofit to 
 the FroDc's government is 4,000,000 francs annually. Tiiis subject 
 reminds me of Mr. T. Turner, horse-dealer, at Maiden, in Eng- 
 land, who, from a succession of losses, was obliged to compound 
 wilh his creditors. Some years after lie obtained a prize of j!i)1250 
 in the lottery. Ho then rc-aosembled his creditors, and though they 
 had ))reviously giveii him a full discharge, paid the whole of their 
 original demands upon hitn. 
 
 129. The seeond paper api)earing m the new world also came 
 out in this city, in 1719, entitled the Boston Gazi'llc. 134. 
 
 'J'liis useful craft has a regular quarterly periodical in New York, 
 entitled Tiie Tailors^ Maj^nziuc, at $o per annum. D. Williams, 
 editor, and Peter Hill, publisher. Pantaloon trowsers are univer- 
 Rally worn, as m Engla.id, Mhere they became general on the 
 death of the Princess Charlotte. I observed great fondness in its 
 citizens for a display of lights ; in this respect following Mezeray, 
 the French historian^ who ulwnys wrote and studied by candle 
 light, even at noon day ; and, as if there had been no sun in tho 
 
 world, constantly waited upon his 
 
 candle in his hand. 
 
 137. The 
 
 company 
 se watchnic 
 
 to the door with a 
 
 ;n, or men employ- 
 ed by tiio corporation to sleep in the open air, non- amount to 600. 
 
 jm. 
 
jiVi>i:yi>A. 
 
 Ai 
 
 140. Tom Wiliiams, of New York, a well known mendicant, ia hin 
 professional \isit to Charleston, this summer, exclusive of other ^rood 
 things, brought away $G00 ! Therein a curious old fellow asking 
 alms, he always wants four- pence to pay liis ferry over to Brooklyn : 
 has already been six years attempting, without yet accomplishing 
 this passage. I one day witnessed a ragamuffiu auditory encirc- 
 ling an Italian street organist, before a private resilience in the 
 Broadwaj-, the occupier whereof, to rid himself of the nuisance, 
 sent out sixpence to the man, with an injunction to depart, '< I never 
 goes away, answers the fellow, under nine-pence.'' A word on 
 ^street ^^eggirig. " ]Measo to give me some cold victuals,'' said a 
 girl With a basket on her arm, to a servant whom her ringing had 
 bronght to the door of a house in Barclay. street, *' What do you 
 do with cold victuals, my little girl ?" asked the servant, as ho p\it 
 some bread and meat into her basket. To winch she replied '• Fa- 
 ther feeds the pigs with it." 1 42. V'ailis, at a meeting of tho 
 
 principal gentlemen in Aberdeenshire, were sup]jressed in Scotland 
 circa 1759. 
 
 143. A Yankee proprietor of a boarding house in the same 
 street, was the annoyance of all his inmates by his blustering man- 
 ners. At length two Englislnnen joined the establishment ; at din- 
 ner, the Yankee jumping up and brandishing his carving knife, cx- 
 claimed in a menacing tone, " Who saiil he didn't like beef?" One 
 of the Englishmen hereupon rose, and sternly replied, -'f said so.'* 
 *'Well then," rejoined tiie Yankee, quietly sitting dovn again, "you 
 can have mutton." 145. The silly habit of drinking healths, 
 
 is exploded throughout the States, to which General Vvinihrop. i;i 
 1650, led the way. The first hoallh drank in England, was during 
 the reign of King Vortigern, though now seldom observed but at 
 public meetings. They were so expert at athletic exercises, that 
 to this day, in New England, on speakino; of a proficient therein, it 
 is common to say, *'Nc.u) can beat him but Goffte, VV'hniley, or 
 the devil." The actual executioner of Charles I. was Richard 
 Brandon, common hangman, who lived in Rosemary Lane, assisted 
 by Ralph Jone^, a ragman aluio living there. Brandon died June 
 20, 1640, and was buried in Whitechapel churchyard, accompanied 
 by the execrations of the populace. One Jack Ketch, 140 years 
 since, filling the office of common executioner, has imd tho honor 
 of conferring that name on all his successors. 
 
 146. The balance of their Chinese trade is against the Ameri- 
 cans, as iittle else but specie is shipped then^to, averaging i)r^,OC0,- 
 000 annually. 'J'heir first voyage to Canton was tVom New York, 
 1784, in the Emperor of China, of ,360 tons, England consumes 
 more tea than all the world together, excepting the Ciiinese, who again 
 and again have been detected in adulterating this article. It was 
 first sold in London by T. Garraway, Cornhill, 1050, the founder of 
 Garraway's Coffee-house, ('hango Alley. When Hyson tea, so 
 called after the merchant w ho first imported tea of that quality into 
 
32 
 
 ADDK.NUA. 
 
 England, was introduccc' utNevv York, loaf siigur, broken into sniiiil 
 lumps, was laid aside each cup, and bitten or nibbled us needed. 
 148. Messrs. Peck & Co., ol' Brooklyn, have made considerable 
 iniprovements in the manufacture of hats : " VVhicb," suys tlie New 
 York Courier, in its usual strain upon such occayions, '• is perfectly 
 wonderful, and will enable them to undersell every body in creation." 
 Notwithstanding this flourish, these bats and bonnets bear th) same 
 relation to those of England, as a linnet docs to an owl. 'J'bis play 
 upon the first fiddle, is well embodied in the following question from 
 an American to an Englisbman, during a thunder storm, wherein 
 the lightning had shivered an inunense oak, with a peal that stunned 
 the latter, '• Ti»eve, have you poor mi.str/able Ehglish any tiling liko 
 so good ihunder as that ?" Talking of bonnets in tlte preceding 
 passage,remind» me of a Massachusett's gentleman in Haltimore,w ho 
 lately wrote that ho intended to send a fashi': nable bonnet to his 
 daughter, but \vas afraid to ventureit on the deck of the packet, and 
 he could not get it down the halchway. 
 
 loS. The suprome court of Vermont, at its last Hossion in Rut- 
 land, granted six divorces, and eight at a previous one in Xddirjoii 
 county : the united age of the lirst pair divorced was 07ie hundred 
 and seventy years! 159. 'litis soeiety was founded by Isaiah 
 
 Tiiomas, a weahhy printer, and its able historian, now hving, of that 
 place: s.> called from its first inhabitant John Worcester. Our an- 
 cient city of tlia tnanie,has in its cathedral, a monumeni to king John, 
 being the oldest known, in Cireat liritain, to an English IMonarch. 
 163. When this disaster became known at home, the Scotch were 
 remarkable for their zeal in coining forward to repair it. 'I'ho 
 Duke of Hamilton raised a regiment of 1.000 men, on his own es. 
 tates; the Duke of Athol anotlier from his; and Lord M'Leod 
 an equal number, at their sole charge ^ whilst the towns and 
 cities vied with eacli other in the liberaiity ot their equip, 
 menfs ; and the very liidc boys of Edinburgh, thirty only in num. 
 ber, contributed as many guineas. In this war a French scalp 
 cost XiO. until the arrival of (jJeneral Burgoyne, by whose man- 
 agement it was reduced to three dollars. The Springs of this 
 fashionable watering place are sadly neglected ; instead ot attrac- 
 tive apartments, handsome pump rooms, and well dressed attend- 
 ants, as in other countries, you are compelled to stand aacle-deep 
 in nmd, or on a miserable platform over a tilthv brook, antl re. 
 ccive the water from a barefooted juvenile, wluy dips it up in an 
 uneh^an vessel, and Ilings it at you wita an air peeuliarly his own : 
 wlnlst gossip, scandal and killing character, are considered iuno. 
 cetit pastime at Saratoga 
 
 104. 'Hiough their steamboat and stage-coach advertisemeata 
 announce '• Baggage at the risk of the owners," this is not correct, 
 as their law courts have repeatedly decided, that stage coach and 
 steamboat proprietors, are affected by all the liabililieH of com- 
 won carriera. 
 
ADDENDA. 
 
 Xi 
 
 )> 
 
 id 
 
 US 
 
 i'l> 
 
 3 
 t, 
 
 106, In 1750 the the Dutch yachts took u lurtmn;ht. ia <io- 
 in^ from New Y'ork to Albany. Being aided with iunds by Mr. 
 •Secretary Li\iiigston, Fulton also projecied a steam war ship, 
 or lioatiiig battciy, for protecting the Atlantic froniier of (he repub- 
 lic. 'J'his vessel \^as blown up at New Y'ork, June 4th, 182'J, 
 and 40 persons killed. The French possess 27 ol thehc lluating 
 batteries. Fulton left his family in dillicultics, which induced a 
 few benevolent gentlemen of Virginia, to the disgrace of New York, 
 which more immediately benetitted by Ins improvements, to in- 
 troduce the project of a box, to be called the Fulton box, on board 
 each steamboat, for the reception of a single cent from each per- 
 son, towards the support of his widow and lamily, now in a state of 
 com])arative destitution. 
 
 108. Tolls on the Wclland Canal for 1835 were X5S07. Its 
 Bummii elevation above Lake Ontario is 330 feet, and is so named 
 from the Welland, originally the ChippaANa river. Erie C-^""' 
 aifords a large reveime for public purpo.ses : its barrier bounds are 
 so low, that a rise of six feet M'ould inundate 7,000,000 acres in its 
 northern and western borders, now covered with towns, villages 
 and farms ; and a further rise of six more would throw a vast flood 
 of water over the Illinois, from the south side of Michigan. Lake 
 Champlain is so called after a Frenchman who discovered it in 
 1611. The Chinese beins the first who introduced inland navigu- 
 tion, carr\" it to the greatest perfection. The annual profits of 
 American line, or convcvancc boats arc so immense, that last vear 
 they were £750, and are this year expected to be JClOOO per cent. 
 In tliese line and river boats, I often heard natives complain of Ava- 
 sickness. Thi.s is like the editor of a Dublin paper, desiring his 
 subscribers, for ^' Mrs, Fitzgerald, E.fq. to read 3lr. Fitzgerald, 
 Esq.^"* or that of the Portland Advertiser, America, for *' Stewed 
 Mulattoes," to read " Fricaseen stewed in a lantern.''^ 
 
 170. Matthews, the imposter, over whom the sliady repose of 
 a New York jail lias had no better effect, than to make him more 
 audacious than before, is again let loose on the public. He is the 
 subject of a new farce, now acting nightly in the Bowery Theatre; 
 This fellow's exordiums were the most rambling und bounce-wou 
 of all I ever heard, acting probably on the principle thai icattering 
 shot hit the most birds. lie was preceded by another arranv cheat, 
 one Elijah Pierson, who styled himself *' Jolm the Baptisty'* foiuider 
 of the " Godly club,'^ ia the Bowery Hill, also Chief Elder in tho 
 *• Pious Retrenchment " and " Holy Magdalen Brotherhood.'" But 
 to enforce the doctrines of Christianity, now-a-days, comes pretty 
 uour to Homer, investing the invulnerable Achilles with armour. 
 During the progress of my enquiries, to elucidate these and similar 
 Ca.cts within this region, and the land of the Luke^, {)ropositiona 
 have been more than once made to me, at first rather hesitatingly, 
 but afterwards with unblushing boldness, to broach some new, no 
 matter what, theological opinions, and thus become <ho founder of 
 
34 
 
 ADDENDA. 
 
 a new system. Most of tlie inmateg hi tliO retreat fur the Insane at 
 Hartford city, arc from religious excitement ; and a majority in 
 the Lunatic Asylum for tlie state of New York, vide note 42, are, I 
 am informed, from the same cause. 
 
 171. In many barbers shops fit New York, I observer pigeon, 
 holes filled with soap-boxes, and labelled with the names of regular 
 customers. At Sag Harbour, N. Y, the best barber operative, not 
 long since, was a woman: this, however, is not uncommon in Paris ; 
 and in George-street, St. Giles', are two barbers' shops oppotjite 
 each other, whose customers average 3000 Irish labourers weekly ! 
 In one of these a man has often on a Sunday, mown the chins of 
 500 ! while in the other, a female usually assists. One Hewson, 
 a barber in St. Martin's Lane, who died in 1809, aged 85, was the 
 identical Strap in Smollett's Roderic Kandom. 
 
 174. Schenectady (oner the plain) origrnally the capital of the 
 Mohawks, the most warlike of the Five Nations, ia a contraction 
 
 of the Indian Schag-nack-tah-dah, familiarly called snack-a-da. 
 These 15 miles from Albany to Schenectady, are upon a rail-road, 
 the length of which sort of roads throughout the States, is 1600 
 miles. They have also bridges constructed of ropes, but these are 
 dangerous to pass, as that of Penipe, crossing the Chambo in Peru, 
 which has frequently broken down, w^hen those who are then upon 
 it are inevitably drowned. 
 
 175. Hence, New Haven Burial Ground, is the American 
 Pere la Chaise, the charge for a funeral monument in the cemetry 
 of which, a Paris, varies from one hundred, lo thirty-five thousand 
 francs, A vault in St. Michael's Church, Bordeaux, has the sin- 
 gular property of preserving the remains of mortality : sixty bodies, 
 some 300 years old, occupy various stations against the wall. 
 Rome has a burial place appropriated to malefactors, m herein are 
 marble stones, with circular apertures, for those who are executed. 
 Round these stc nes is inscribed the following impressive prayer : 
 Dominecum veneris julicare — Noli nos condemnaro. O Lord, when 
 thou shah come to judge ^ do not thou condemn us. 170. At a 
 short distance from Steuben are two mounds of fortifications of 
 undiscoverable antiquity. In the vicinity whereof, I heard of a 
 gentlcma.t so neat and tasteful in his domestic arrangements, as to 
 havo even his fire- wood painted and varnished, so as to render a pile 
 of it quite ornamental. On Sundays he has the ends of the sticks fin- 
 ished with gold-leaf. Nothing can oflTsr greater contrast than (he 
 exterior and interior of a country road-side inn, or in conformity 
 with Jonathan's penchant for great names — hotels: without, all is 
 rude, wild, and uncultivated — within, the table groans with profu- 
 sion, endless variety of trifles, grease pots and sugar-pans ; whilst 
 its occupants arc wholly engrossed by themselves, and collectively 
 absorbed in tossing down their food, much after tho manner that 
 fuel is pitched into a coal. cellar. 
 
ADPKNDA. 
 
 35 
 
 1^2. \t Lima, some 16 niiloa tVon^ this town, u squirrel hunt 
 once took place, which produced 13, 172 hhickyquirruls. A solitary 
 heath or desert is not to be seen in all America, nor a rose In the 
 ►Southern hemisphere. In a meadow adjoining Cunandaiiiua, an 
 Indian word mi.^aning p/ncc of rest, a large rock has been stihicted, 
 whicii being encased with a belt of brass, the names of British 
 authors, distinguished tor their literary attainments have been en- 
 graved tliereon, as a tribute of e;?teem from the in-dwellers of the 
 village. 183. Which scholars ho kept several weeks, more or 
 
 less : the rule with Americans being to cliange scholastic establish- 
 inents, on some new putfor manciHivrc outheroding the ibrrner, as 
 the chameleon does its color. If a dozen schools were to open, 
 either here or in Canada, a month apart in succession, the public 
 are sice to follow the last comer. Education by stoam, or some- 
 thing idie it, wilj, I apprehend, bo the next novoltv to record; it 
 being the besetting sin of Americans, lo be too much m a hurry about 
 every thing they undertake to bring any thing to pertcction. 184. 
 The E.«quinjeau.\, to protect their eyes from the glare of snow, take 
 small pieces of wood or ivory, formed to cover the organ of vision, 
 having two narrow slits, and tie on behind the head. 185. This 
 
 town has the best tannery in the States : with a capital of $25,000, 
 and cost as much in b\iilduig. A toamyter wad one day watering 
 the streets therein, when he was stopped by a sudden shower of 
 rain. *'• It's just .so always." ho exclaimed, •' a man carvt do any 
 thing in Kochcster without opposition.'" In advance of thoi>c fall?;,, 
 aside a sequestered d-.^U embosomed in trees, near where the river; 
 inqieded by sir.all rocks, form an embryo Cfvtaract, two lone'.y tomb- 
 stones rai.'-:e tlieir melancholy head: they are to thi memory of a 
 conjugal pair, who v. hen living were admirers of this spot. V lat«v 
 mayor of this city was noted for calling a female under garment 
 smicJiS, using it also as an cxpleti'^c. lie should have added, by way 
 of comment, that in tin reion of Charles I. a mayor of Norwich 
 actually sent a young fellow t ^ prison, for saying that the Prince of 
 Wales was born without a shiri ! What would this sapient fimc 
 tionary have said to that man who, when conversing v/ith another, 
 asserted of a lame beggar^ then limping towards them for alms, that 
 he was in partnership Math Meaux the brewer ! adding, on bein^^^': cal- 
 led upon to ex])lain himself — " VVhy Meaux finds malt, and the n)cn. 
 dicant hopf!.'" One cause for General Arnold's apostacy, was his 
 pecuniary embarassments : he was called the American Hannibal, 
 from an extraordinary march which he once made through the wil- 
 dernes:^ to Canada. He was originally a druggist at New Havea"; 
 his mercantile character was marked by extortion and fraud, and his 
 military career distinguished for violence and peculation. Tho ca. 
 pitation medals had *' Fidelity" on one bide, and " Vincit amor pa- 
 tria'" upon tho other. This f^ad event was made a subject for the 
 drama, at Now York, being performed iiere, March 30, 1798, under 
 tiic title of •■ Andre " a tragedy. It is lurlhor oointncmovtttcd by it 
 
36 
 
 VDDKNDA. 
 
 v-gnclto orjgraving of his capture, from the burin of C». Hatch, oi 
 tho notes of ono of the Pennsylvania banks. When the majoi , 
 whoso sister, aged 81, died recently in London, was stationed in 
 Now York, after the capture of Boston, in conjunction with his 
 brother officers, he got up a theatre, to which he was manager, 
 scene painter, and actor of all work : they had regular performances 
 for benevolent pr.rpopos ; frecpiently dividing £100 among the wi- 
 dows and orphans of those Mho had fallen in battle. IMie drop 
 scene in the Southvvurk Theatre, Philadelphia, pairitod by Major 
 Andre, when the British weru in possession of the city, continued 
 to bo used as long as the house stood. 
 
 188. Mr. Wilson, an EngU?h Emigrant who came out this 
 Bpriig, lodged £800 in the hands of his landlord, W. Carroll, keeper 
 of the Canal Hotel, Kingston, whilst he went up to Toronto. Car- 
 roll decamped with tho money, and Mr. Wilson was ruined. The 
 only safe way, as advised in this connecting Note, of transmitting 
 money to Canada, and of securing it whilst there, is through the 
 agency 'of the Upper Canada bank. 189. The aboriginees, 
 
 generally, on alluding to Eiropeans, designate them old hats,' from 
 the large flap-over character of those ^vorn by Penn and his associ- 
 ates, upon their treaty with the Indians, at which period this term 
 originated : rheir other common one is pale-face, 3 92. During 
 
 last war, which cost YVmeriea £27,000,000, a Virginian rifle compa- 
 ny was stationed at Lancaster : two of them alternately held a 
 board between his knees, only nmo inches squar'^, while his com- 
 rado fired a ball through it, from a distance of 100 ces. To drive 
 nails, and snuff candles with a bullet, are no-wonder-feats in tho 
 opinion of Kentuckian riflemen. 194. xMajor Noah, in his day, 
 
 has been a writer also for the stage, having produced nine success, 
 ful pieces. 
 
 197. Whilst 1 stood lost in astonishment at the magnificent 
 scene which met my eyes, I heard a gentleman behind me, whom I 
 afterwards learnt to be an American, exclaim, "Pretty droll, Iguess.^* 
 Now, as I had often heard tho same expression, under similar cir- 
 cumstances, from his countrymen, I must therefore consider that 
 Preity droll is an extract from Jonathan's vocabulary, implying, 
 something inexpressibly grand, sublime, or beautiful. 205. 
 
 Tho gallant General gave name to Lake Simcoe, near which re- 
 sides an Indian woman, who was scalped by a belligeiCnt, during 
 last war. I was told of tho fact by her chief, who assured me that 
 he knew of several other similar cases. Adopting destitute children 
 is an amiable characteristic of Toronto and the Province. Orphans 
 are often left as legacies from the unfortunate to partictilar indivi- 
 duals, who cheerfully receive and as readily provide for them. A 
 gei v.oman of this city, holding an official appointment, has five such 
 legacies, whom ho is rearing at his own sole charge. The east end 
 of Front and Market streets, gable-joined, opposite tho bay, Toronto, 
 from their peculiar termination, arc known by the name of the 
 
APUlfNUA. 
 
 :i7 
 
 Cojjin. The toot- way of its muln Ptroef, a milo and upwards in Icngtti, 
 is pjivcd, but iho remainder are planked. The arts and scieiicM 
 flourish in this city, «ind are likely so to do, quite as much at. they 
 did in Nod, or before kjiown, in the year one. The rent oi«d taxes 
 nhich I pay are as follow: — for my liouse, consisning of a kitchen 
 and cellar, tuo parlours, one drawing-room, five chambers, an attic, 
 garden and yard, £40 currency, orjCo2 sterling prr atmum. Taxes, 
 jC2 lis. currency; 7.s.6d. thereof are gnverriment, and the remain- 
 der corporation impost-^, which illustrate Note 201.). The manner 
 in which the king of Con no imposes toKcsis somewhat cnrioi.s : — 
 taking advanta:;e of a windy day, he walks out wi;h his bonnet over 
 one ear only, which being presently blown oiT, Ik.- then levies a ta.v 
 upon those subjects who live in the quarter from whence the wind 
 blew. 
 
 208. In tho iMfant School of this town, ba!)es that can but just 
 Ii'?p, are taught to pronounce and fashion with tfie scissors certain 
 mathematical figures — how useful! This most rare accomplishment 
 induced a \ankec Bluestocking to remn k, "The English must 
 come to us to acquire the art of teachin ." Within this kind of 
 school throughout the Union, the first thing a child is taught, to se- 
 cure its safety in case of being lost, is to repoat its name and place 
 of abode. This American discstcem Ibr schooI-UKisters. tin; most 
 ill-used and unfortunate of niatdiind, illustrates the answer given to 
 the Gothic queen Amalasunta, by her assembled warriors, who was 
 anxious to educate her son Aiaric, *' No, no, said they, the idleness 
 of stud V is nrnvijrthv of a (.loth : high thouifhts of i>;Iorv are not ted 
 by books, but by deeds of arms ; ho is to be a king whom all should 
 dread. Shall he be compelled to dread his instructors ? No." 
 Wages — so called in public accompfs — for Members of the House 
 of Assembly, during last year, were j(.;2G.^(). 'I'heir postage for the 
 same period was £979, though but £87 in 1823. Until this session 
 thay remunerated reporters for publishing their debates. The most 
 salutary measure that they could possibly introduce, would be the 
 enactment of a law tor restraining the expenditure of oflicials : every 
 government otricer having, as he ought, a good and sufllicient salary, 
 if living above it, and falling into debt, should on evidence thereof, 
 forfeit his appointment : for if a man will not be prudent in the rnan- 
 agcme; . of his own atfairs, it is idle to suppose that he can be so 
 over those of the public. The shortest English Parliament upon 
 record was that of 1399, which had but one session of a single day, 
 during that brief space they contrived to upsf:t one King and set up 
 another. The Legislature of a neighbouring American State 
 (Maine) lately passed a rather significant order, viz. authorising the 
 purchase of two bibles and two dictionaries fc the use of mcrn. 
 hers. The house was occupied last year upon a bill to tax 
 American produce, for the protection, as alleged, of home agri. 
 culture ; which was lost, It is a very, easy thing to tell the people 
 that they are to be protected (our Corn Laws to wit) but to prove 
 

 ai)1)i;m).\. 
 
 this isi often ;i tusk of to onlitiiiry labour. Upper Caimda, an Agri- 
 cultural couDtry, infmitolv less taxed than the States, supported too 
 by English markets, cannot conijjeto with Jouailian without pro- 
 tection ! ihc only real protection tliat they ought ever to obtain, is 
 to sell [)roduce, as they can raise it, as cheap as (h(!ir neighbours. 
 The prevalence of j>oli(ical charlatancy, for pushing individual inte- 
 rest, under the guise of protecting the people, is much to be deplored, 
 and may be truly called a misfortune, w hicli, by the way, Avhen it 
 overtakes a man personally* is, in the estimation of the world, a 
 crime ; for no sooner docs he become poor, no matter by what 
 means, than it shuns him as it would a pestilence ; hence also dis- 
 tant relatit»ns mean people who imagine they have a right to rob you 
 if you are rich, and to insiilt you if you are poor. 
 
 209. A spurious Ferintosh is sold in this city. Ferintosh sig- 
 nifies Thane's Land, being part of the thanedom of Cawdor or 
 Galder, whereon more whiskey being made than in any part of 
 Scotland, because free from duty, the government, in 1784, took it 
 into their own hands by purchasing the barony, comprising 1800 
 arable acres, for £'2l,o()0. The coinmon price of butcher's meat, 
 in the winto, is 2U\ per lb. by the cwt. The motto of the London 
 butchers, incorporated in 1004, is " Omnia subjecisti sub pedibus, 
 oves et buvcs." 'IMiou hast put all things under his feet even sheep 
 and oxen. It is odd enoujih that a sheep when killed, should, ex- 
 cepting the head, be called mutton. We have a fruit that changes 
 its name still ofteaer ; (crapes aro so called whilst fresh, raisins when 
 (ii'ied, and plums if in a pudding. 211- Preceding spring 
 
 emigration, Columbian and Canadian papers abound with advertise, 
 njents of a delusive character, levelled at the pockets of the new 
 comers. They are great dabblers in large type, and straggling 
 intervals to fill up a I'ovm, technically called windows. A Dutch 
 paper, being the tirst, entitled " Canada Museum and Allgemeine Zei- 
 tung,^^ was publisheil this year at Berlin, township of Waterloo, 
 forty miles from the lu;ad of Lake Ontario. I seldom perused a 
 Canadian nows()ai)er, without observing amongst its advertisements, 
 some notice from the drawer of a bill of excliange, cautioning the 
 public against *• taking or discounting it, as he had received no 
 consideration fjr the same." Foreign journals never break in upon 
 the privacies of domestic life ; thus forming an honorable exception 
 to those of America and my own country, wherein the Reverend 
 Sir Henry Dudley Bate, when editor of the Morning Post, was the 
 first who introduced a female into the columns of a newspaper. 
 This gentleman was fond of making his younger friends stare ffor- 
 getting black cherries and white roses) by telling them when at 
 B.adwell, his living in Essex, " I always preach in a cherry colored 
 gown and rose colored wig." 
 
 214. The leaping powers of an American Bull frog arc so sur* 
 prising, as to exceed the speed of the swiftest horse. Note : before 
 a candidate for the olHco of provincial surveyor can obtain his ccr- 
 
 I 
 
 
ADDFXDA. 
 
 '{(\ 
 «l<^ 
 
 tificatc to act, lio must |)revi()Usly havo huen out six inonilis ou ar- 
 fual surveys. Ruin, alter aslottn in Ciinu<]a,*l have sttii dii-ctloroii 
 as if from u\\ escu|teriiom of jiowdercd hrinistonc. A gonllo rain 
 uf any coiUinuaiice, is here culled a soft (hiy. Persona in the Arctic 
 regions, when tlio thennometcr is below zero, may converse at more 
 than a mile distant. 
 
 ] 
 
 216. Mycon, a young man )f Athens, heing changed, by 
 Ceres, into a puppy, is reasonahlj' conjt;clured to have bt'cn the first 
 dandv. Dross is the least consideration of a wise rtian, but the idoi 
 of fools: if we submit Toronto, especially itf< youngtr mcnibcrs, to 
 tliis test, liow it must suficr by the operation ! The cit\ of Troyep, 
 Chiimpaigne, which anciently sup[)lied tiic rrench kings witFi their 
 fools, would be as a leaf to its tree, in sim[)!e comparison. Unfor- 
 tunately, too many of its elders, whose bnsijess it should be to cor- 
 tect this folly, run, as zealots, (o an opposite extreme, and by the 
 fashion of their garments, with an untowardliness of manner, ima- 
 gine they denote the sincerity of their faith. In vain must we there- 
 fore look thence for reform. Exclusive (»f ihcso considerations, 
 apparel — skin-fit f ) the great benefit of tailors — is n..s dear again as 
 in Europe : wind; flexibility — <puiy o&u/5//^—*of conscience, ex- 
 tends also to botchers; thus, if Snip tack on i button, or Last a 
 heel-tap, either in England not above two-pence, those worthies 
 here exact a shilling Halifax. This obtusily is also springing up ia 
 their inns and hotels, entitling them to the (ravellers' rejection of 
 the " Swan with tu-o wfcAs," because objeciing to two bills. 
 
 218. The town of Rumford, in New Ifampshire, gave title, as 
 well as birth, to Count RumPjrd (B. Thompf^on) who commanded a 
 king's troop in the Revolutionary war, and by his wise regulations, 
 abolished mendicity in Bavaria. 219. Credit — from an Indian 
 
 word of the same character, and is dated at the period of the first 
 store-keeper settling amongst them, to commemorate tliat event, with 
 the additional novelty of his booking them. 220. Peter Jones* 
 
 mission i«^ England |)roved a profitable one to his society, (the Me- 
 thodist j : he leturned with one thousand gu'mr.as, given for educating 
 the Indians ; notwithstanding an intelligent one, younger brother 
 of Peter, has been denied any participation in it, though requested 
 by the tribe : Peter has tlierefore been compelled to take this charge 
 upon himself; and has moreover been induced to lem.' the society 
 JEIOOO, for similar purposes as the foregoing, which arc a favourite 
 theme for excitement on the public and John Bull. Their profes- 
 sed disinterestedness for this people, rcscmbh.s tlieir pulpit euiogies 
 on the Jews, from whom, however, on encountering them wichout, 
 they and their flock turn aside and depart. Vide note 115. The 
 4S Methodist missionaries in Canada, and the Suites, have added 
 7000 Indian converts to their connexion. Tales of tno Northwest, 
 by Colonel Snelling, contain the best delineation of Innian manners 
 and habits. 
 
10 
 
 ADDllNDA. 
 
 yfi5. This foot weight imposition upon the Indian is, however, 
 a solitary instance, for Mhocver, in the vay of barter, has to do 
 with one now-a-days, knows very well it is no easy matter to over- 
 reach him. The most artful people in the world are barbarians. 
 226. The assessed valuation of property in the Province fur 1834, 
 uas jC4,TGG,6V7, paying a cess of Jei8,070. No country known is 
 less taxed, averaging ten prncc each person. China is next to it, 
 paying Is (j^d per head, yet the people urc wretched, and infanticide 
 is allowed to avoid the expense of rearing a family. 228. The 
 
 following extract from the Canadian Emigrant, shows the ease with 
 which medical men hero pass from their profession to an em|»loy- 
 mcMt. "Dr. .lohnson finds it necessary, in conserjuonce of fatigue, 
 to relinquish his profession, and embark in some business less fati- 
 guing. Sandwich, June 28, 1835." Shortly since we considered 
 that tea equipage the most elegant, in which no two of the articles 
 agreed either iu size or color : and b}' way of dignifying this motley 
 collection of odds and ends it was called the Regency set. 230. 
 As those stove-heated rooms have such singular effects upon inani- 
 mate objects, it would be something more than extraordinary if the 
 animated were to escape : when combined with the searching va- 
 riableness of the climate;, their ravages arc indeed so premature and 
 destructive, as to bear the mournful inference — alive and in health 
 to-day, but gone, buried, and forgotten, to-morrow. 
 
 233. VVhen the Delaware Indians anciently guarded the sacred 
 precincts of the " Groat council fire, "^or senate chamber, they were 
 distinguished by the name of Lenape, signifying original people. 
 The Abipones are a tribe inhabiting the banks of the South Ameri- 
 can river La Plata, peculiar for residing on Islands, and the tops of 
 trees, during the five winter months their country is inundated. — 
 234. He was in the interest of England, likewise engaged in the 
 massacre of Wyoming, and also in an attack on Minsink. He died 
 in 1807. A peculiar trait in the male part of his family, upon en- 
 tering a room amongst strangers, is, to add the war-whoop of the 
 Indian, to the wild flourish of the tomahawk, with lungs of a forty, 
 donkey power, in order to enjoy the terror they create. The gal- 
 lant admiral, in one of his purchases of land, has been served the 
 same trick practised upon the buyer of a farm for 150 guineas, as 
 recorded in printed Note 262. Note, — upon travelling inland, it 
 would be prudent to carry both towel and soap in your pocket. 
 The native word for woman is a^yj/a, of which squaw io a corruplion, 
 and, to them, an abomination : in their language, ne.wish means 
 wife : thev also dislike pa-poose, calling their children by the more 
 endearing name oCahbenoogc. A male aboriginee has no beard ; 
 those only possess this feature, and that but partially, whose progcni- 
 tors are European. Gumption is by no means at that low ebb 
 amongst this people, as some writers have asserted : by the way, 
 this is a word, though common, yet of extensive range, and upon 
 which I have seen a clever MS. essay, by J. Conder of the Eclectic. 
 
 I 
 
 
ADUKMOA. 
 
 41 
 
 537. W'aslmjgton began surveying upon (lie lauds of L<.»rcl Fairfax, 
 fxtendir.g from .Smith's Point, on th'j CKcsapeuke, to the tjrtal Alle- 
 ghany, comprising 5,700,000 acres. Here he remained pive years. 
 Under this nohkman, and his brother the Hon. W. Fairfax, Nvith 
 whom his lordship resided in hia seat at Relvoir, iho American C!in« 
 cinnalus first aeijuired the art of war. It was to Bryan, Lord Fair, 
 fax, that VV^ishington bequeathed the bible given to hitn by the Bi- 
 shop of Sodor and Man. Afuch curiosity was excited tli.s fall, at 
 the fair held in Now York, by the exhibition of the general's gold 
 >vatch, with his arms engraved thereon. He possessed lands 
 more or less in most parts of the Union, with an estate in Virginia 
 80 miles in extent. Vide new part of note 7, and printed note 37. 
 His favoiirile [)nrade hort;e was a large elegant rhesnut one, high 
 spirited and ol a gallant cainage, but in battle, he always rode a 
 small sorrel colored horse; so that whenever the General mounted 
 him, the word ran through the ranks, "We liave business on hand." 
 Kosciusko v.us subsequently chief Engineer in the Federal army of 
 General Gates ; lie died at Solerne, not fir from Vevay, by a fall 
 from his ho'se, Octobt r 15, 1S17. -240. The barristers and 
 
 attornies of Upper Canada amount to 120 ; and the number of ma- 
 gistrates, 840 ; their honorary annexatiou of Esq. is not so written 
 simply as with us — in Latin armiger, though properly scutarius — 
 but drawn out at full length esqxdre^ which here means every body, 
 yet nobody, eqiial to General in America, and Baron in (jrermany. 
 
 243. A seignory comprises from one to one hundred square 
 miles of land; Catholics thereon pay a tithe of one twenty. fit'lh to 
 their clergy, besides assisting to build churches, repair parsonage 
 houses, etc. Siri;, originally a title of Sovereignty in France, was 
 anciently used in the same sense as sieur ai:d seigneur \ hence 
 seignory or lordship, and was tiien applied to barons, gentlemen and 
 citizens. At a chape! in the Lower Province, a priest of no cer- 
 tain attainments, celebrating mass, on coming, in the Rubric, to the 
 V'ords salta per tria^ meaning skip three, pages, to the amazement 
 of the congregation, took three leaps before the altar : an apt illus- 
 tration of the collegian's latinity, for ma-hog-an-y, of mens porcus 
 et ego. 
 
 244. The coun ry is much indebted to this company for the 
 stimulus it has given to emigration, and for the respectable and use- 
 ful classes it has placed upon its soil. Not so, the land jobbing 
 Fpeculator, a man so entirely void of principle, that if, by any 
 chance, an act of his should be just, it would bring him to the 
 borders, if not lodge hirn in the grave ! Meanwhile to conceal hi^ 
 chicanery, he artfully contrives to libel his compeers, as a culprit on 
 escaping, cries stop thief, to save him:?elf ; whilst the mob, ever ready 
 to censure authoritiei?, he easily manages to enlist on his side : hence, 
 the vox poptili of a place, whose voice and wiioso majesty, like 
 Punch's in the Puppet show, depciiding on the man not puUs the 
 strings, may be uniformly said to bo misguided and erroneous. 
 
41 
 
 APOKNU V. 
 
 ftlickleis Tor Atueric i---(!«'Cidiilly cm r.-lv-iuin for inhorcr.i nti.i am- 
 ZftTjs, thoHo over wliotn coiponil ^!;r;Uiii(?;itiun has grcaitT swny tiini) 
 tnentnl ciijoyniciit — tell sou it.s govtrDtnonl has n iixediiiid low pricj 
 for liuids, prrliap.s so, but tlii^i <Io((s iivt n\i]>\\ to its pt-oplo, uhos'i 
 avarice, like othurifi eisewhcrn, is illiiiiitw'tle, and ns tluit uhich injiy 
 be wanted is, nit.e titiic-s uut of ten, w tioily in their h.-uul.-', I .shouM 
 like to know the dillerciice, whether a man, upon bnyiug, pays iu 
 liis own person, or hv d;^j)iiiy, tf» tlie irovernnieDf, or an individual. 
 The company's ai^cnt in New York. rrjrid\s at 48 Water sheet. 
 The average leu^^th of voyage to t,iuel>ee, in Spru»jr, is five weeks) ; 
 the shortest three, and the lotjirest ten. Am AMieri«.:ui .soldier under 
 General Montgomery, during the scige of Quebec, being posted in 
 a place of some danger, rofjuetUed tlie tJeneral to ehapge it, obser- 
 ving, no ho did so, "i e m't tell how it i;;, Itnl I doi>t liiid niy?elf bohl 
 ei3oui:!i to Slav here." Surelv Jhis hero must have been diseitdmed 
 after the tactics of a former Duke of Richmond, noie<l for mounting no 
 officer's guard next the Uiichen, in order to accustom the caplaina 
 of militia to stand fire. Or he might desire to form a ruimitv.; c (ni- 
 xneotary on the well known lines: 
 
 lie that figiUs and runs away, 
 May live to fight another day. 
 Which are not an extract from Mudibras, an generally ^njppo.scd, but 
 a quotation from Musarum Deliciu^, by Sir James ^lcnnl^i, publish- 
 ed a,t London in 1050. 
 
 246. Mr. Tiiorburn has lately been to England, and on his re, 
 turn to New York, published an accoimt of liis tour, from which 
 the following is an extract, *' They never dismiss a competent otlicer, 
 unless for bad behaviour ; and when tlujy have served a certain 
 time, are then allowed to retire on full pay. Thio is politic and just. 
 But in America we manafje Ihiiifjs otherwise : — no matter if a in.iu 
 have lost an eye, an arm, or a leg in fighting for his country's rights ; 
 no matter though ho has served the public with lidelity and honesty, 
 since his appointment in the days of Wasliington : no matter though 
 his salary is barely sutlicient te keep bod)' ami tJOiil together ; — ho 
 is removed — to make room for some lazn, hungry, ■poiilira] favorite," 
 The ground whereon Mr. Thorbm-n's seed store stands, which, 
 fihortly since cost $20,000, sold this year for .«i< 100,000. Enoch 
 Crosby died June 2G, 1835, in the towu of Southeast, Putnam Co. 
 oged «8, 
 
 24.8. In each of the Grand .luries for the Court of King's Hench 
 Montreal, during the last two years, selected from the wealthiest 
 inhabitant,';; of the rural parishes, there was found but one jierson 
 competent to write his name, 'i'he trustees of schools, are especi- 
 ally permitted by stutute to aflix their crosses to then' school reports. 
 This want of education amongst the Lower Canadians, necessarily 
 rendering them unfit to form a correct judgment as to the designs of 
 their political leaders, speaks volumes on the domination of thoso 
 revolutionary demagogues. This may bo unhnppdy illu.^lrated in 
 
,vui'i:.M).v. 
 
 13 
 
 the fcister iun^dom — jiot .Scotliuul, fur slio is ciluoalod, iioncc nitiral 
 .•itui itj tran<]uility, — wlieru s>o recent us May 17H1, tlir; !ii«h parliu- 
 inoMt pa.-.-t!<l 11 bill to limit tlu; priviU-ro of fraiikiii;.', iu whicl), i'3 \\\i 
 joilov.'ii);;,' i:l:iiiic : " 'Iliat slioulil a iu<:ail>; i- be uiiaMo \o u.ritfy Uo 
 inij^ht uMtlioriso auotlicr person to lVai»lv for liitn, provided that on 
 the back of the h'ttcr ho iVatikcd, llio inrnihcr gives a cciiiticntc, 
 under his- hand, of his inability fo >vrito." 'VUr ratcublo lands of 
 Upper (.'iinada, in ISiU, wvn- .").l»)i?,1)-.i!J icrts, cxciiiciv*; of I/J5y,. 
 0'2;i Crown lands, jjrantcd (hirin;^ lli" la*t ten yjars. Tiioso cnlliva- 
 ted by the Lowei Province, in 17G.'», (••jnipriscd 7S1,0(IO acres, 
 which, in ISOO, rose (o :J,7o(»,(U>i>. 
 
 :-40. Do not tiv yonr whereahonis nntil a voir ai Kast uftcr ar- 
 rival : and toa\oid tn uchi'tg on yonr eapilal, do a ?oincthir<^ not 
 rcqiiirin;^ nuicii of outlay, f^iich as a boarding houso ; no mailer if 
 filty others stare you in thtj face, for Americans, nuder vs liioli de- 
 noniiriation I would also, upon tlii^ occasion, class ('anadiaiifs, aro 
 so stalk mad after novelty, that you wiil be sure toiill it. (Granted — 
 thai if a man would discover the UHaniii.biiuu':\s of l.i.'^ ?;])c^ie^?, lot 
 him fake boarderst ; but this, alllioi;(;h ilinutiatnry to thcns, oni^ht not 
 to disturb him, at icist. so loiii^ a.-j the objec: i-i only ol' a secondary 
 consideration. Terms for a ^ood plain table, exclusive of wiiie, 
 r-pirits, ; I nialt !i(jUor, lour dollar-^ p(M' veek. i'u unard against 
 Gnths — \ankitied natives, noted for frardiinj^ Ihcir friends to y<nu* 
 li.ble — your chnrce tor visittjrs .should be one shillir.i; breaUlast. a 
 quarter dollar ditmer. and Vork sinl!in<i le-a, ot!icr\» ise a house of 
 this {Tontrv would vooa ilirow ecoiuujiv am! \ourself to the d(i:;s. 
 'I'he man with sm.ill means, should accet't enip'oN mo'.t, be ci rerun- 
 
 .spcct and vigilant : [»olh nartle-^, dejiend uj-.on it, wil 
 
 abundant 
 
 cause for satisfaction, arr', ai ihe \c"«r'ij end, nosse«s very difforent 
 
 notions ofthioKsto wh: 
 
 it tl 
 
 lev did at fust. 
 
 'Jol, A liOndonder- 
 
 r\ journal of Se|>tember l^^^o, slate) th-it a kir^^v- brig was then in ila 
 harbour, freij^dilinj with Asse:i for Canada, but I have not yet heard 
 of their arrival. Two in Toronto, brought by an emigrant last full, 
 sold, I understand, for £10 each. 
 
 256. No individual should be allowed to buv tnore than 1000 
 acres ; otherwise all reasonable cxpe<;talions of success, by tho 
 poorer and more useful settler, ure at end, and you immediately 
 let in that incubus fo industry, the ^:;peculaling land jobber. As Ca- 
 nadian agriculture differs from that of ilie old country, tiio emigran!, 
 unless preA'iously instructed, should procure a comj>etcnt assistam. 
 Pumpkin seeds are scattered in tho ground, upon sowii g corn, and 
 nothing fnrcher is necessary than gallierin<^ them when ripe — they 
 are good fodder, often exceed 30 lbs. \\\ weight, and tell at sixpence 
 
 ea 
 
 ch. 
 
 A larm of 200 j;cre.'', is commoidv laid out in 00 of 
 
 ploughed land, 50 of meadow, 10 of orchard, and 00 of wood. 
 
 •Jbl. There is alos u fellow shufilin;^ about town and steam- 
 boa's, with lands for sale, laid down in a very pre.tty plan to decoy 
 tiiuae, who like myself, on fust arriving, imngino they nre too fa'r 
 
44 
 
 Ai)Pi:M)A. 
 
 in the wilderness to tind any inan, but nl' prohity, or deahrigs savo 
 of honour. Another fellow hcte, sold the sanio farm, in one day, 
 to three different persons, and then cleared to the States ! Bui this 
 19 mere moonshine in comparison to Jonathan Throop, a Yankee, 
 who putting up, Se})tcmber 188."), at .Smiths' Hotel, Grand Street, 
 New York, announced that his object wus to sell some houses (to 
 which he had neither right nor title) a few do<'rs ordy from the 
 hotel ; wliich he accomplished, and for prompt payment. These 
 profits, however, not contentinir Jonathan, he contrived to sell the 
 property once more to n.si Landlord, Mr. Smith, by whom he was 
 paid $730 in cash, and $270 in notps ! This is the most recent 
 specimen of a Yankee smart man, or, in other words, u candidate 
 for the honors of the C/d Hailey. Swindlii^g. from the mawkish sen- 
 sibilny of the das-, and ti eapatliy we manili'St for investigating ru- 
 mour, has lost much of tl at odium which justly belongs to it; inde- 
 pendent of the gratuitous contributions from gentlemen of the press, 
 who are seemingly in'^lifTercnt about public morals, so long as the 
 subject itself atibrds n- ierials for mcrrinient : a mode of getting up 
 reports originating wiili Wright, Bow Street roporfer to the Morn- 
 ing Herald. Tins swindling, even when detected, is fast merging 
 in misfortunes, vhirb, to our Inends, we calMrials, but to our ene- 
 mies, judgments. 
 
 264. For similar purposes as the annexed, Amherst Island, also 
 called the I&k. of Tanti, possessiiig the liiiesi land in Upper Canada, 
 has been lately purchased, by .no Earl of Mountcashel, for £10,000. 
 Amherst co. Va. at Ws ccti/lhou c, say native Geographers, is a 
 p-v, or post ri//(7^-p, means of i iipariing iiitt'iligencc peculiar to 
 the Americans. Tlie prii. ed price <.f domestic and other 
 articles, as given by p^cut o tra/ollers, taken from equally inaccu. 
 rate comi>ilers, cannot be tAwA on ; iliustea which they put at 10a. 
 per lb. cost me but 3s. 6d. ; and apples, m hich they say are 18s. 
 the barrel, I bought last year at r^s. and this year for 3s 4d. The 
 books and pamphlets under which the Press has of late years groan- 
 ed, relative to the quality and proj)erty of land, much of it too 
 that man has never seen, nor the axe yet visited, arc alike illusory 
 and fallacious. 1 have said and do again repeat it, let no induce- 
 ment entice you to make a contract, or a purchase, tuitil you have 
 first seen and judged tor yourself. Th(^ tour of a late rambler in 
 Canada, gravely informs its readers that, during the winter season, 
 ice boats regularly pass and repass f>om Toronto to the Falls, (fifty 
 miles) in an hour, flcncc travellers would do well to remain silent 
 as to their present or future intentions, lest (hey become vicfin - to 
 that species of intormation which some persons \o.vm honxincy othe's 
 call quizzing J but plain speakers pronounce lijin^. Vide note \(','K 
 
 2C}1. Expense of provision for a steerage passenger, is esti- 
 mated at £4 per adult from Enghsh ports, £3 10s. from Scotch, and 
 Xl 10s, from Irish. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES. 
 
 
 [All figures in tbe body or end of a note, refer to corresponding 
 passages In my first ones, and the Addenda. If any variation 
 should appear in the succeeding observations and those that pre- 
 cede them, be it remembered that the former were written on 
 my first arrival, but the latter, after a residence of some years, 
 which makes all, and let me add, a most material difference.] 
 
 It is not by travelling post through a country, or loitering in the 
 drawing-rooms of the wealthy, that you can obtain its history, or 
 the character of its people, but by advancing leisurely, and in irri- 
 guous directions ; not with an exterior of elegance and fashion, 
 which excite an attention you should carefully avoid, but in one 
 unassuming aiid simple, that as quietly escapes it. Thus equipped, 
 wherever you see masses, be they of whatever denomination, and 
 assembling for purposes of business or pleasure, straitiway join issue 
 as one of their number. There lounge carelessly and listlessly, as 
 if attracted by nothing, or looking at about as much : in no wise 
 seem observant, whilst silently on the watch ; or collecting mate- 
 rials as diligently doing so : never be seen putting pen to paper, or 
 heard proposing your country in comparison — as an able tactician 
 best serves his own views, by keeping them as much as possible to 
 himself, whilst doing all he can to elicit those of others. Finally— - 
 in general society be a recipient, or silent and attentive, since no- 
 thing is more repulsive to free communications, than frequent inter- 
 ruptions of " I have heard otherwise," or " Is it not so and so]" 
 which observations, if liioy mean anything at all, generally imply 
 " I know that as well as you do, and perhaps a great deal better." 
 I admit that amongst th(j muss of men, seeing this folly that has 
 gained the ascendancy, such a rule i** a little hard ; but on being 
 reminded that your object is to receive and not communicate in- 
 formation, the difliculty will then vanish, and its loss be your gain. 
 These directions, well observed, will, in one week, acquire you 
 more tacts and evidence, than Lady A. or Cupt. B. can collect in a 
 whole year, or more prubably at all. It is plain that the Duke de 
 la Kochefoucault's Travels in the United States, during 1795, 6 
 and 7, have not been directed by this chart: his predecessor's well 
 known Maxims, by the way, published here in 1775, have done 
 more ia directing the tastes, forming the propriety and correctness 
 
'16 
 
 MISCKLLANKOtS ARTICLES. 
 
 of the French people, than any other known publication. The 
 Hon. F. de Rods' Personal Narrative oi' Travels in the States, 
 during 1827, though '.u many respects an excellent production, ia 
 tinged with the omissions of'tlie noble Duke. 
 
 In order to explain those paasaafes rn the succeeding pages, that 
 evince so little compunction fo;- llie abuse of honor and reckless 
 violation of every principle of integrity, let us take a retrospective 
 glance at certain importations to the United States, preceding her 
 taking a stand amongst the nations of the earth. At one period the 
 number of felons and cut-throats transported to Virginia, brought 
 such an odium upon the colony, that some chose to be hanged, and 
 actually were so, rather than go there. The Virginians, who claim 
 this name for their state, in contradiction of our complimentary one 
 to Queen Elizabeth, because, say they, retaining the virgin purity 
 of the first creation — which I take to be about as correct, as it 
 would be for me to say, that because James I. in 1G62, wrote a 
 letter to Lord Southampton on erecting ;-Uk- works and planting 
 vines in this state,, it is therefl.>re called Virginia — very early 
 attempted to wipe out the stigma brought upon them, by these, 
 added to previous cargoes of dishonest servants, pecuH.ting bank- 
 rupts, tmpnncipled young men of family, and others of dissolute 
 habits, (21) for in 1'jo2, we discover, from an order of the Provin- 
 cial Council, that two young women, part of a consignment then 
 arriving, previously seduced ou their passage out, were sent back 
 again to England, as " unworthy to proj>agale the race of \\c- 
 ginians." Gatford, a writer of 1657, laments this in his " Sad state 
 and condition of Virginia," containing also the charter of Marj'Iand 
 comprising 23 pages. Tlie curious reader is further directed to 
 Hammond's " Leah and Rachel, or the two fruitful sisters Virginia 
 and Maryland," published in Londnn 16,56, in which he will find 
 much information that will well repay the trouble of seeking it. 
 Vide also Huj^h Jones' Present State of Virfjinia, London, 1724. 
 Above forty tracts and anonymous works on Virginia, some of them 
 black letter, from 1608 to 1782, may be seen in the British Museum. 
 Maryland alone received, on an average, 400 criminals yearly from 
 England ; the reigns of Charles IL and James IL were prolific in 
 settlers of this description. Fraudulent debtors well laden with 
 spoils, as also the profligate and spendtlirift — young women of 
 blighted reputation — persons of inconvenient publicity — and others 
 again of feeble understanding — swelled up the mass fnr stifling the 
 memorials of infamy and shame. The eldest s(m of Waller the 
 poet, being of the latter classification, was disinherited by his father 
 and sent to New Jersey, the medical profession whereof, in early 
 times, WM managed by their women ; and its legislature, so late as 
 the nineteenth century, pa^jsed an act admitting them to the elective 
 franchise, who, ho\\ever, better judges than their rulers, wisely 
 declined accepting it. One vessel in,, 1G64, carried out 8i.\t^- cou- 
 
MISCELLANEOl » ARTICLES. 
 
 47 
 
 victs of ihc Quaker tribo : if these back.slidors couU nxcile sucli 
 otirnity against their brethren, as to cause them to bt? not only hated 
 by the colonists generally, but hanged absolutely by others when 
 cauglit amongst them, (il-^) think of the consecjuences that must 
 ensue from those swarms of outcasts that preceded and followed 
 them. In elFect, the difficulty of governing this mass of guilt and 
 |iollutioi), when under the s'vay of Enghmd, was so great, that it 
 was no easy task to induce any one to undertake it, and when ho 
 did, presently became disgusted, and desired his recall. I>ut, after 
 the manner of Dr. Franklin, disliking argument, 1 merely notice 
 this subject, and leave its deductions to others, though 1 cannot 
 belp thinking that the foregoing and subsequent fact^ form a sort 
 of key to those liistorians of these colonar:;jns, who are eloquent on 
 their rough usage by certain governors, but silent as to any conduct 
 of their own bringing it upon them ; on the same principle, I 
 apprehend, that every inmate of a prison assures you he is not the 
 cidj)rit, or a very injured man, and has therefore no right to be 
 found there. 
 
 " The (jJ-oneral History of New England from 1.584 to 1G26, by 
 Capt. Smith, Governor and Admiral thereof," a now rare folio 
 w ork, when able to be got at, should be consultt-d by researchers 
 after American affairs ; at a sale of scarce books, in 1^13, it 
 brought ^27. Captain Smith published a map of Virginia, the first 
 of its kind, with several later works on America anvl nuutical alTairs; 
 his life is to be found in the second volume of Clmicliill's V'ovatrcs 
 and Travels; of his first-mentioned peribrtnancc, Eton Colhge 
 Library contains the copy belonging to Kitjg James I. A collate- 
 ral branch of the Captain'.s family, Wlilinrn Smith of Newcastle- 
 upon-Tyne, published a work there, in 1728, entitled ** The Annals 
 of University College," proving that it was ibunded by Williain of 
 Durham, instead of King Alfred, as horeroiore asserted. 
 
 The population of Columbia, saying nothing of receiving, with 
 shameless welcome, the traitorous and rebellious of all countries, 
 is moreover greatly indebted to a former ordinance from the French 
 government, commanding the apprehension and deportation to 
 America of all the v<icrabonds bv whom the cities and hi^hwavs of 
 that kingdom were infested. George Edwards, the learned Eng- 
 lish ornitfiologist, travelling In France during 1720, was near faHing 
 a victim to this decree, the fruits of which rnainlv inhabit or issue 
 from Louisiana, its capitul, New Orleans, being to this dny noted 
 for its prodigicy and vice. France also led the way to a new sort 
 of merchandise, by despatchmg divers ships-load of njme ctvirfe- 
 zans, which being divided Into three seraglios, each lady of these 
 precious cargoes, to make her more marketable, wat presented 
 with a bull, a cow, a hog, a sow, a cock and hen, two barnds of 
 suited meat, eleven crowns in money, and a coat of arms, called by 
 the Greeks kcrata, or horns. Germany, Italy, Spain, cutn multis 
 
 A 2 
 
48 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLE*. 
 
 ♦l aliis, have aided and do ^till aid in this off-scouring expalrlatlon, 
 
 A characteristic commensurate wirh its earliest discovery, since the 
 crews of his first scjuadron, conducted thither by Columbus, were 
 composed of public (criminals, pardoni'd conditionally on undertak- 
 ing the voyage. The prayer-book of this eminent man, given to 
 
 , him by the Pope, and which Ire bequeathed to the Genoese 
 
 republic, has a codicil in his own writing, as testified on a fly-leaf, 
 
 ; but which has subsequently proved to be a forgery. 
 
 * Carolina never fairly recovered the reproach cast upon her by 
 
 the Governor of Viri^inla in 1681, who, it must be confessed, after 
 the pot and ketde fashion, on writing home to our Colonial depart- 
 ment, says, "Carolina always was and is the sink of An; rica, the 
 refuge of our renegadoes, and lill in better order, dangerou to us." 
 Its extraordinar}' state enactment of 1664, that "None should be 
 sued for five years, for any cause of action arising out of the coun- 
 try," flooded it with crowds as an asylum for debt and crime. 
 This stale first instituted a provincial nobility, under the denomi- 
 nation of Landgrave^s and Caziques, the former to possess sixteen, 
 the latter four thousand acres of lan<l, limiiable to one of the first 
 and two of the second for each v'ounty. The eminent Mriter 
 Locke, v(h«:n expelled Oxford University, and a fugitive from 
 England, lield tiie tTrst-mcnt:oned distinction, and was an acknow- 
 ledged patrician rn Carolina, He also wrote a constitution, com- 
 prising 120 articles, for the province, but which, on attempting 
 to enforce, produced an insurrection, and failing of its object, 
 Was ultimately abandoned. Grenville's Oxford and Locke, pub- 
 
 v lished in 18,29, relates to this expulsion, and defends the Univer- 
 
 sity In enforcing It, from the aspersions of Dugald Stewart. His 
 celebrated Treatise on Government was in an^;wer to Sir Robert 
 Filmrr's Patriarcha, or the Natural Power of the Kings of England 
 Asserted. 
 
 Its diversity of settlers, and their strong features, were so varied, 
 . as to render its history anything but an ogreeabte one. About this 
 period, from its large pa{)er issue?*, o£1000 provincial produced but 
 tClOO .sterling. Whilst 000 of the vilest offsets from our overgrown 
 townii, scattering themselves in 17.'H over the Utopian colony of 
 Georgia, quickly sowed the seeds lor its early dissolution. Many 
 of these worthies, with otliers in "Virginia us well, being convicted 
 coiners, originated cutting the dollar into Jive quarters, convening 
 the fifth to their own use. In Georgia, so named after George IL, 
 the tea~plant (in Latin Thca) a^ obtained from China, has been 
 
 k cultivated with some success, und recently with much better in our 
 
 Indlanic empire. As an acidulated mixture with the purest ele- 
 ment will embitter its sweetness, so vice and impurity imported to 
 /' any country must corrupt and debase it. To this hour — when. 
 
 I plunderers no longer fticl secure in the scenes of their misdeeds, or 
 
 culprits would evade the citrong arm of the lasv, to what counti-y 
 
 I 
 
MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES. 
 
 49 
 
 
 tlo lliuy escape ? — America — for here, If not positively welcomed (?) 
 they aie at least safe. If it be asked, did not ancient Rome do the 
 same thing ? 1 answer, sliglitly so, •whilst yet an infant, never in 
 any shape afterwards; but America, by still receiving, and with 
 open arms, the vicious and the vile fmm all corners of the earth, 
 does so in her full growth. As she theveforo plants, so must she 
 also reap; and though, as shown in the following sheets, already 
 sutfeiing keenly for her injustice towards others, it is greatly below 
 til at which must succeed in the page of history. As the Roman 
 power, like the Jewish, was founded on spoliation, so did they eack 
 expire by violence and the sword. 
 
 The foregoing recapitulation is so notorious, tliat the great Lord 
 Bacon even in Lio time, equally sensible of it, remarks, " It is a 
 shan' ful thing to take the scum of tho people, and wicked and con- 
 demned men, to be the people with whom we settle, for they will 
 ever live like rogues, and not fall to work, but be lazy and do mis- 
 chief." Combining the above-mentioned facts, with those of a 
 similar nature going before, and others coming after them, we shall 
 find the results just such as were to b«j expected, and their manifold 
 workings not l«iss surprising than in keeping and consistent. 
 These are dinjct wanungs ; as volcanic throes before irruption, so 
 are they the messengers of a something more fearful than describ- 
 able, that must inevitably appear hereafter. 
 
 When the three sons of the Marquis of Sligo, governor of Ja- 
 maica, made a tour through the United State?, in 1836, previously 
 to their r"turn to Englond, they did so pleasantly enough, by 
 observing the following directions of an Einglish gentleman, long 
 resident in New York. Dropping their titles, and adopting their 
 family name of Browne, in the universal rush which they observed 
 at public ordinaries for the best places, they invariably seated them- 
 selves at tlie lowest. When sj:)eaklng to a landlord in any country 
 town, they always addressed him as General. All elderly gentle- 
 men with whom they conversed, they acoxasled as Judge, or Squire\ 
 and never failed in recognising every coach«nan as Colonel. 
 
 In some of these proprietary states (1) the shares and parts of 
 shares had been so divided and subdivided, that many oi" tho pro- 
 prietors owned but "one fortieth part of a forty-eighth part of a 
 twenty-fourth share," as was the c^ise in New Jersey, whose affairs 
 were generally in a state of inextricable confusion, from the tyran- 
 nous spirit amongst the Quakers, Anabaptists, and Presbyterians, 
 their principal settk?rs: tl3e capital thereof before the revolution 
 was Perth Amboy, from the Earl of Perth, and Ainboy, an Indian 
 word for point, be \use standing on a narrow neck of land ; the 
 colle(;tor of which capital, Joseph Reckless, has been lately detected 
 in cmbe/zllng tlie |Ttiblic money to a large amount. [Fote. — Tiie 
 Atlantic ocean between Now York and England is, for a great 
 part of the way, scattered over with submarine rocks, alps and 
 
 I 
 

 50 
 
 mi8Cp:lla.\kol3 Aurrci.Es. 
 
 andes, a fact not at all, at least but very slightly known. It is a 
 similar feai,ure which makes the navigation of Lake Erie so dan- 
 gerous — thus named iVorn the Erie::*, an anci>.intly numerous but 
 now extinct tribe of Abon^^ines inhabiting its borders. Satis- 
 factory information may be derived as to tie formation of similar 
 subsiances in Ordinaire's Natural History . Volcanoes, translated 
 by Dallas in 1801. This reniinds me thai the most useful hydro- 
 graphical operation ever performed, is D. Ross's survey of the 
 China scus, occupyinsr sixteen years, assisted by Captains D. Russ, 
 Maughan, and (Jrawfurd, and published in London 1823. To 
 prevent confusion in sailinir, vessels to starboard keep their course, 
 and those to larboard are bound to tack. J 
 
 New Bedford takes the lead in its number of vessels for the 
 whale fishery; Nautuckt t, New London, and Fairhaven next in 
 succession: ajjrgregate of this sort of ships in the United States 13 
 544. America has cajoled England out of permission to fish in 
 certain parts of the British American seas; of which Jonathan 
 not only taites every advantage, but with his usual cunning, 
 anchors off the prohibited latitude, and at night-fall, in the absence 
 of the English cruisers, runs in under the lea of the land, anj 
 setting his net, fishes there till Jiearly daylight. By a strange over- 
 sight of Lord Castlereagh in 1814, the French are allowed a simi- 
 lar indulgence off the coasts upon our old colony of Newfound- 
 land, whose cod-fishery first uttiacted attention circa 1510 : it was 
 from this quarter that France obtained hands for working her fleet 
 to Algiers, otherwise siie must iiave abandoned the enterpj-ise: the 
 first map of the Gulf of ^t. Lawrence and its adjacent coast, waa 
 drawn by J. Denys, a Frenchnmn, in I0O6. Our fisheries are 
 more valuable to us than gold mint^s, being inexhaustible, and tho 
 finest nurseries in t!ie woi'ld for our marine. 
 
 When the bill for introducing this new style (1/)) came before 
 the House of Lords, t)ie celebrated Earl of Chesterfield, in his 
 speech thereon, elicited »x)nsi<.lerable applause for his knowledge 
 of the subject ; but my Loid, in his Memoirs, has the candor to 
 confess, that so fur fron» knowing ariything of the affair, he was 
 obliged to resort to another who did, and storing the information 
 witinn liis memory, in this way ran ott' with what was not his 
 own. On said bill passing i"*D a law, the London mob, so famous, 
 like all other mobs, for its cVtY/^'-sightedness, taking it to be nothing 
 else but a ministerial manteuvre for shortening their lives, peram- 
 bulated the streets, shouting aloud, " Give us back our twelve 
 days." 
 
 Their river Amazon, a full description and map of which, with 
 its provinces also, appeared so early as JGGl, by Count de Pagan, 
 translated by VV". llamih;on, take? :Ib name from a number of 
 Indian wornci joining their husbands in gl\lng battle on its waters 
 to an ancient Spanish armament ; in imitation 1 suppose of Bacchus, 
 
MISCKLLANEOUS AUTICLES. 
 
 51 
 
 
 
 
 who on invading Thrace had a body of Libyan women in IjIs 
 army, led on by Minerva, called Anaazons. Tho names of many 
 rivers in New York State terminate iii kill., which means both 
 river and rivulet. Jonathan is very noisy about his deep and ex- 
 leus.ve rivers; sneezing yt Europe because siie has but one, the 
 Elbe, that will admit a sea vessel higher than 70 miles up its 
 waterg ; w hilst he has the Potomac, lliat is navigable 300 miles 
 from the ocean; the Hudson, 180; and the Delaware, 160. 
 
 This their mode of attesting an oath (25) it the more singular, 
 seeing their rather slavish adherence to Jewish customs, (21) with 
 whom, it is supposed, swearing by the book originated, laying their 
 hands for that purpose on tho Old Testament Martha's Vineyard, 
 an island 21 miles long and 8 broad, belonging to this state, (36) 
 was so named bccat^se overgrown with wild vines, by Capt. Gos- 
 nold, an associate of Sir W. Raleigh, being the first navigator who 
 reached America by the more direct route of the westward. Cape 
 Cod was also so designated by him, from its abundant and season- 
 able supply of that fish; the French and Dutch called it Malabar, 
 for some time, on account of a disastrous shipwreck happening 
 there; and I believe tlio writers of both do so to this day. 
 
 Tliis authority for Lord, as a prefix to Mayor of the city of Lon- 
 don, IS probably new to many of my readerii. (2.'>) Three only of 
 our Majors, those of Loudon, .Dublin and York, have the title of 
 Ijord \ tke latter differs froix^ the other two, inasmuch as the Lady 
 Mayoress retains t.he title o^ larhj as long as she livc'S. 
 
 Of the many Indians whom 1 saw, dull apathetic masses of dirt, 
 filth, and tatters, so far only human as regarded form and feature, 
 not one of their number but flatly contradicted the high eulogiuras 
 lavished on them by superficial judges; an imparity of praise ori- 
 ginating in England. These extravagant encomiums, by scribblers 
 who never lost sight of cockney land-mark St. Paul's, nor saw any 
 other sea but that of the rivfr Thames, have crossed the Atlantic ; 
 and it has become a fashion amongst the writers of Columbia, when 
 speakinp: of the Red-man, or Indian of the Forest, whose tribe-aids 
 to honor t.re scalping and horse-stealing, to give you specimens of 
 his eioqui.'nce, soaring above Greece, and dimming even Rome, 
 with qualities too of the heart quite romantic and sublime, because 
 ethereal and unearthly ; but with how much sincerity, we may 
 infer from the fact, that by a mode of warfare so peculiar with this 
 people, they have reduced these pen-made deities from nearly 
 three millions to a trifle above one hundred thousand. (50) There 
 are now only 6273 Lidians remaining in the thirteen original states. 
 As a prelude to the seizure of an Indian territory, and expulsion or 
 extinction of its people, a band uf lawless ruifians, of affimty to the 
 white hunter population (92) is placed on its borders, under a plea 
 of settling, who presently picking a quarrel with the natives, the 
 work of destruction commences. Failing hy open violence, ag such 
 
 
52 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES. 
 
 >■ 
 
 cold-blooded scoundrels arc at heart cowards, they then resort to 
 stratagem, similar to that practised last fall (1S37) on the Floridian 
 chief Osceola and his warriors who, entrapped under the lure of 
 a flag of truce to laying aside their arir-s, were tliereuj)on seized 
 and made prisoners. A solitary individual at New York, in a 
 public remonstrance, exhibited " His indignation and fibhorrence of 
 the vile perfidy recently practised, by the authority of our govern- 
 ment, against the gallant Floridian chief Osceola;" but no one 
 responcied to his views. Again, it has been stated publicly, but I 
 should hope untruly, though the fact itself would not surprise me, 
 and the publication itself has not been contradicted, that wishing to 
 dispose of a body of Indians, passing lately from New Orleans to 
 Arkansas, the authorities connived at their embarkation in a vessel 
 not sea-worthy, that they might be heard of no iTiore ! which, how- 
 ever, going to pieces earlier than was expected, only .'iOO Indians, 
 out of 6 J 1, perished in the deep ! — Hilton's llelation of a Discovery 
 lately made on the Coast of Florida, publishocl 1664 at l/)3. now 
 fetches 5 guineas. Hubbard's Narrative of the Troubles with the 
 Indians in New England, Boston, 1(577, is I believe out of print. 
 Henuenin's " Discovery of a vast Country in America," from the 
 French of 1698, coniains a fair estimate of the manners of the above 
 and other natives. Heriot's Travels through the Canadas in 1S07, 
 preceded in 1804 by his History of the same from their origin, 
 takes a more enlarged view of this subject. And Higgeson's 
 New England's Plantation, appearing at London 1630, does this in 
 addition to much curious information. A Narrative of the Troubles 
 with the Indians from 1607 to J 677, came out at Bost>n ira the last 
 year, leaning, as to be expected, all on one side. When a living 
 missionary was once propounding to an aboriginal the mystery of 
 the Trinity, the Indian ejaculated in surprise " Three !n one, how 
 can that be V then, after a long pause, added "0, 1 now see — snow, 
 ice, and water,^^ 
 
 Slavery, since the introduction of which 190,000,000 have been 
 murdered and enslaved, must be infinitely more intolerable in 
 America than elsewhere, because of their noisy pretensions to liberty 
 and obtrusive pertinacity in avowing them. On the testimony of 
 the late Mr. M'Adam, the celobrated road-maker, at one time a 
 resident in the States, it aj^pears that the negro slaves were at all 
 times better disposed to monarchical government than a republican 
 one. The quantum of food allowed weekly to each slave, in most 
 states, is a peck of Indian corn und some salt. Ancient slave-mas- 
 ters, according to history, were more rigorous than modern ones; 
 for in the reign of the Emperor Claudius, it was found necessary to 
 pass a law forbidding masters to kill their slaves on account of age 
 or infirmity. The legislature of the/zr*; State of Missouri have just 
 passed an enactment, refusing the right of advocating the cause of 
 Abolition, under the penalty of being immediately apprehended, 
 
 
 'S>. 
 
MISOEI.LANKOUS ARTICLES. 
 
 53 
 
 ftnd Sold as slaves, or in the trading language of Spain, Indian pieces. 
 As an earnest to this threat, two white men, conv.cteJ ot' vagiancy 
 in (^Ijristinn county, Kentucky, were sold lor three uiontli.s — tljo 
 bidders being two blacks and a white. And part ot' the sentence 
 on one John Kennedy, an Irishman, mark ye, not an American (who 
 rarely gets paid for his misdoings of any sort) found piltijring in 
 Wilmington, Delaware, is to b'* sold to the highest bidder, by 
 ptiblic auction, for ten yeo.rs ! (61 ) A late nufnber of the South 
 CaroMna Telescope newspaper, has this passage — " The question 
 ot slavery is not, and shall not be o[)en lo discussion. The very 
 moment any person attempts to lecture us upon its evils and immo- 
 I'ality, that very moment his tongue shall be cut out and cast upon 
 the dunghill!" This emanates, I under.^tand, from a near rclativo 
 of I). Ramsey, author of "The History of the Revolution of South 
 Carolina," published at Trenton, America, 1785, also of The 
 American Revolution, in 2 vols, and a small 8vo. Life of Washing- 
 ton. John Quincy Adams, member of Congress from the State of 
 Massachusetts, was this session threatened with impris.nment, by 
 the house, for simply asking leave to .present a petition from the 
 3000 domestic slaves in the District of Columbia, who not being 
 allowed beds, are compelled to sleep on the bare boards in the 
 entries of their domiciles ! (51) This shows the insincerity of Con- 
 gress in their late proceedings on the slave (question, and the truck- 
 ling mannnivre h^ which they got nd of it, though in sooth they 
 dare not have acted otherwise, knowing, as they must, that without 
 slaves to ^o her dirty work, and Europeans her labor, America, 
 under her present form, could not exist another i:our. In spite of 
 the exertions of the general government, to sup|jress every indica- 
 tion favoring these mementoes of mhumjinlty, there are now full 
 1500 anti-slavery societies in the Union. Mr. .fonathan Tuppet, of 
 Boston, a colored but gentlomaidy man, has been recently commit- 
 ted to the jail of that city, in company with his wife, for the crime 
 of marrying her, she being a white lady I 
 
 The hut of an Indian, in ilie Illinois, being lately struck by 
 lightning, caused him to say, " The thunder has been shooting my 
 
 •wigwam. 
 
 Canada does not tolerate slavery ; hence if any of those unhappy 
 beings can get thither, they are instantly free, (236) which accounts 
 for the secret machinations of Jonathan (263) — amongst which are 
 ministerial sectarians, open declaimers on sanctity and holiness, but 
 secret plotters of treason and sedition ; whose public exordiums, if 
 they do not, from selfish motives, immediately preach rebellion, 
 their private ones have a direct tendency to promote it. Land 
 certainly he does not want, but Jonathan would fain do away with 
 an asylum, especially one so near, for those unfortunate objects, 
 that in vain supplicate for mercy and justice at his hands. And 
 this too from a people the fifth of whose entire population are slaves, 
 
 ;f 
 
54 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES. 
 
 nnd who, in tlieir act of itidepeiKJencu, call upon the " Supreme 
 Governor of the Universe," lo witness that " all men are born free 
 and equal." The honevolont author of Sandford and Morton says, 
 *' If there he an object truly ridiculous in nature, it is an American 
 patriot signing resolutions in favor of liberty with one hand, and 
 with the other brandishing^ a whip over his affrighted slaves." 
 Gadsby, rearer of colored cliildrcn for the slave market (51), having 
 formerly made a large fortune in his hotel at iJaltimore, where 
 slaves are regularly bought and .sold, on aitt:mpting to improve it, 
 by farming, in Maryland, presently lost the whole ; and retuining 
 to his old trade in Washington, is fa.^a ac(]uiring a new one. But 
 Mr. Carter, of Nomina, Virginia, the " ancient dominion," set a 
 praiseworthy example to others, by emancipating at one time 44lJi 
 negroes ! — Read *' Encouragement to Colonists," with Sir W. 
 Alexander's Map and Description of New England, London 1G24 
 and 1630. England has placed a glorious deed before the world, 
 by manumitting the bondsmen, miscalled slaves, of her colonial 
 Buhjects ; not by any stretch of power, but by nobly providing the 
 vast sum of c£2U,000,000 sterling, ".r re-imbursing the holders their 
 original ijosr, and then setting them free. This transcendant dis- 
 play of e(]uity and benevolence, being non-American, is conse- 
 quently unheralded there by print or speech. " The most free, 
 the most enlightened, and the most humane people upon earth" in 
 1S20 condemned several negroes to be burnt alive ! which they 
 carried into execution ! and in 1836, sanctioned by their eminent 
 Judge, Lawless, chained another to a tree at St. Louis, and actually 
 roasted hirn alive !!! Hence their mercy, like their liberty, is that 
 of the savage, to do jubt what they please, without check or hin- 
 drance. Out of 177 slave ships which arrive at Cuba, yearly, iiye- 
 sixths are owned and fitted out from ports in tho United States ; 
 £uch are the enormous profits from this unholy traffic, that one 
 ihouse in New York, as its share of them, lately received the 
 immense sum of ?r2o0,00(). Many of the Scotch prisoners taken by 
 ■Oliver Cromwell, especiully those in the battles of Dunbar and 
 Worcester, were sold by him as slave* to the American planters. 
 The Alabama Montgomery Advf^rtiser, Feb. 22, 1S39, in noticing 
 »the price current of human flesh during the past week, (for vvhich it 
 is rebuked by the New York Commercial, not from any ( Injection 
 to the thing itself, but solely on the ground, "That it does not tell 
 well abroad !) announces it thus — " The sale of negroes last week, 
 -on the estate of Mclver, deceased, brought ^97,948 for 18S, on 
 the first day, averaging $521 each ; "$67,950 for 90, on the second 
 .day, averaging $7-55 each ; and $28,016 for 34, on the third day, 
 averaging $824 each. This is but nn ordinary lot, and a 2'teat 
 price, considering the times and price of cotton." Verily, tjiese 
 people in defiance of their preceding boast, seem part and narcel of 
 the ninth, rather than the nineteenth century. 
 
 ^i.^,.^.^.„,.^_- 
 
MlSCEl.LANr.OUS ARTU I.ES. 
 
 55 
 
 Captain Stewart, a rctlreJ ntlicer in the Liritish ni inlimo servic»', 
 a most exemplary man, inciteil by this anomaly of^jlavery in a free 
 country, is iravellinp^ through the States at liis own charc^e, advo- 
 cating the cause oi" the aboliti<inists. 1 hoird liini at his gratuitous 
 lectures in the townhall of Toronto, given vhilst on a visit to some 
 rehitives in that opi*"!. He is not only devoting his tune and for- 
 tune to this object, but risking his life also ; tor in a private inter- 
 view with him, he admiitetl to me that llie life of a fiier>d of his, 
 embarke«l in the same perilous undertaking, had repeatedly been 
 threatened ; but he was not to be di.tened from his duty by an 
 apprehension of danger, nor, lor himself, should any divert him 
 from that which he considered to be his. The Anierican Coloniza- 
 tion Society, for ameliorating the conditica of their slaves, by re- 
 moving them,y/re, to a distant colony, undertaken by a few Chris- 
 tian-heart<-d Americans, has, in eighteen years, removed little more 
 than two thousand, whilst their increase in the States is sixty thou- 
 sand annually. 
 
 As an illustration of'* their levied and acquired revenues," (11 ')) 
 professedly akin to Neapolitan bishoprics. .which are next to nothing 
 at all, the greatest declaimer at that time against pluralities, out of 
 the pale of his own faith, was a dissenting preacher named Davis : 
 in 1748 he went to America, and settling in Virginia, presently 
 became the noU shepherd to no less than seoen meeting-houses : 
 here precept was one thing, but example another. This property 
 of New York Trinity Church (114) is now valued at twelve million 
 dollars ! and is managed by forty trustees, who have lately appro- 
 priated $100,000 as the bishop's fund, who has now, exclusive of 
 tees and offerings, a stipend of §8,000 per annum. What is done 
 vnth the surplus 1 can't say, nor could any one inform me that I 
 asked ; one thing, however, is clear enough, namely, that the right 
 owner didn't get it; perhaps its army of trustees might tell, if they 
 chose to open their mouths ; but there is wisdom in keeping silence, 
 says an old proverb ; and your Yankee is never so great an admirer 
 of old proverbs, or ought else, as vvhen there is any thing to be got 
 by doing so. Interchange of position being a main feature in pro- 
 selyting, the chances are that ncnvly-peopied countries will abound 
 in sectarians — those borne out by th^ir party in all manner of error, 
 be it polemical, political, or personal — audacious, not to say impious 
 expounders of scripture ; but if men who have spent their whole 
 lives in study, and the acquisition of knowledge, cannot at all times 
 succeed in this, how, I would ask, are the unlettered to do so ] 
 Every second man amongst them is drummed into office, ai.d well 
 qualified to figure, from his ignorance and presumption, as fugle- 
 man to folly. And the very means their own party take for 
 malting proselytes and converts, they stigmatize in others as perse- 
 cuting and intolerant. It is the foible of weak minds to be ridden 
 by aorae hobby, and the less they know about it the more headlong 
 
 ^ 
 
5C 
 
 MISCKLLANROL'S AnTICLFS*. 
 
 do they drive. This is all proiesaion and no practice, t'other very 
 
 hule of the lornior, and perhaps as much as is needed of the latter. 
 
 The Enjj;liah Church, happily for its members, the olevatiiMi which 
 
 it occupie:^, an<l its own rcHpectabdify, has no sainff m it, or pseu- 
 
 doe3 fashioned lik.o hlrn — 
 
 Who hiirifif.'d his cut on Monday 
 For I'unlang A niou.st; on ytinday ; 
 
 a character admirably hit off in " The Bible Beiarer," aii oxceed- 
 itii^ly well pointed satire, })v Arthur Newman, ol" Trinity College, 
 Oxford. 
 
 The Episcopal clerp:y in tliis country were originallv supported 
 by an annual contribution of tobacco, each male, so titheable, pay- 
 ing lOlbs. ; the regular clergy of the then thinly-settled state of 
 Virginia receiving lt),000lbs. yearly as salary. In (Janac'a they 
 are maintained by an assignment df lands from the Chown, which 
 moreover extends Its assistance to ministers of other denominations; 
 so that the people 'ire not called on to contribute for thi>t, or any 
 similar purpose ; and yet. such is the deplorable abandonment to 
 error, and obstinate perversion of tact, amongsl the low or radical 
 party here — a small one, it is true, but not on that account the less 
 censurable — that this very thing which should ensure their grati- 
 tude, is a never ending theme for their vituperation and abuse ; 
 proving to demonstratio?i, ihat no ^;overnment on earth, or any 
 concession whatt.'ver, can long satisfy or please them. The liturgy 
 of the Church of England was revised and iigreed to at a meeting 
 of delegates from the various States in Philadelphia during 1785. 
 This our church in America, thoujzh exhibiting no specious roll of 
 converts, nor fallacious one of m^unbers, aids unsanctioned by the 
 Fathers and condemned by her Canons, is nevf.Ttheless weiding 
 onwards in accumulating numbers, ibstering by her tenets the just 
 and upright, with those that revere, and others that esteem them. 
 The assemblage round her altars in the parent state form a full 
 third of the entire population; comprising the aristocracy, most 
 inHuential, anti wealthiest oi' the land. Nothing but V'enite adore- 
 raus Dominum — Come let us worship the Lord — is ever to bo 
 heard within her temples ; whllsf the chapels of scceders too often 
 resound with loud iulniinations against non-assenting parties. Not 
 so our national church; her plain and simple doctrines, breathing 
 gentleness and peace, best helps to devotion, whilst conveyf'd 
 through the channels of learning and research — distinguished, on 
 the one hand, for charity and lienevolence, and remote, on the 
 other, Irom bigotry an i intolerance — are well calculated to win on 
 the affections of men, and to gain, as she teaches, universal 
 good will. 
 
 Notwithstanding tlie foregoing remarks, my own connexions are 
 non-conforming ; and ibr a while before entering upon life, 1 wa-3 
 myself an attendant in their public assemblies , and even now. 
 
MiSCELLANEOrS ARTICLES. 
 
 57 
 
 "uhicli T admit to show the extent of my toleration, though sceptici 
 TTir.y call it ihe force of habit, I am ofrener to be found in one than 
 in my own parish church ; still I suy, allow them the; fill exorcise 
 of their ("iiiih (which, 'intil they got it, was all llu^y proffssod to 
 want), distinct from political power — as much us you jihniso of iho 
 former, but not an atom of the latter: and why ? — regard for the 
 peace and happiness of otherH, witii their own as well ; since his- 
 tory tells us, that they i<now not how to hult at anvthiiif^ short of 
 supremacy, which i-j not pttre religion, but an impure domination. 
 The Church of England, aware that differences in opinion entitle 
 no one to inv;id(! the belief of another, is not, therefore, a per.-iecut- 
 ing church ; it would he well it' so much could be saia of any 
 other. She embraces every thing essential for our enjoyment 
 here and salvation hereafter, which he who may doubt, is m the 
 labyrinths of error or mazes of delusion. That there are oxornplary 
 pastors in dissentinrr folds I cheerfully concede, and, apart from 
 their tlieories, wliich never disturb me, often listen to with plea- 
 sure ; but thf'ii r wish them to remain so, and for that very purpose 
 would keep them where they are. By whatever term other-* may 
 choose to name this, I deem it really honorable to ('odjaiid truly 
 charitable to man. Furthermore, I would that; such opinions and 
 their ninembrance were unendmg and imperis>hable. 
 
 Nothing, if gain oi profit be to follow, escapes mutilation here ; 
 hence the text of these Yankee Polyglot, (26) as well as their other 
 bibles, is not to be relied on. Upon pointing out these freedoms 
 to the serious and reHecting, their liberty bibles were put aside, 
 and orders sent homo for the Oxford edition. The Chronology in 
 the margins of all our large bibles is from the pen of Usher Arch- 
 bishop of Armagh. Those whose reading, like the flight of swal- 
 lows, is irregular and imperfect, may sanction these biblicals ; but 
 I would ask why? Js it for their hardihood in multiplying omis- 
 sions, or their negligence in ymblishing a hundred blunders i 
 
 Of all modern critical editions of the Greek Testament, that by 
 Grlesbach is considered to be the best. Two copies only are 
 known to exist oi' W. Tindal's Xew Testament, printed by him in 
 1526 ; one enriches the Bapt" 'jf' Museum at Bristol, the other the 
 3-<ibrary of the Chapter of St. Paul's. A publication of tiiis sacred 
 book, circa 1617, being translated from the Vulgate Latin of the 
 Seminary at Rheims, may be said to embody the whole Popish 
 controversy respecting the Scriptures. 
 
 A profanation of tlie ScHptures ever did exist in republics, and 
 especially abounded during our intcrr.^gnum ; the holy volume in 
 most repute amongst the sectarians ot those days being known a.s 
 the Pearl Bible, printed by Field in 1653, and notorious for its 
 six thousand errata. The continent about this period flooded 
 England with bibles of the same character; at all times noted 
 for her dangerous freedoms with the sacred text, as more fully 
 
66 
 
 MISCELLANKuOS ARTICLBS. 
 
 shown In the Rev. H. J. Rose's Lectures before the University of 
 Cambridge, published at London 182S. 
 
 A learned clergyman (Usher) once repairing to preach at 
 Paul's Cross, on finding he had mislaid his bible, stept into a 
 bookseller's and boughi another, but on opening it for his text, to 
 his astonishment could not find it! tor it had been purposely left 
 out to uphold some new doctrine set afloat in the sect-making times 
 of Cromwell, when upwards of two hundred started into being, 
 ■which are enumerated by lEldwiirdi, author oi' Gangrfena and the 
 opponent of Milton. This occasioned the imprintment of our 
 bibles to be assigned to the Universities. The French, being a 
 light and volatile people, have no relish for a subject of this nature, 
 but when casually forced upon their attention, treat it with their 
 accustomed levity and indiscretion. Knowing what other republics 
 had dene on these occasions, and invention being their forte, they 
 determined on surpassing them, by proclaiming aloud in tlieirs, 
 **Down tcith the hible and religion /'' for which the previous 
 productions of their wits and public wnters, in odds and ends of 
 all sorts, hdd well prepared them. (2G1) The avowed object of 
 the Gallic republicans being the immolation of twenty millions of 
 their countrymen, that the remaining eight millions might bo 
 elev.it.. .i to alliuence by til '. murder and spoliation !!! As t proof 
 of the earnestness of these demoniacal revolutionists, the guillotine 
 erected by them in the Fauxbourg St. Antoine, Paris, as stated by 
 M. Tassaud, an eye-witness, had a channel cut from where the 
 machine stood, to convey its incessant streams of human gore to the 
 common drain ! Most of the feats and all the atrocities of their last 
 three-day revolution, which have so tingled tlie public ear, ware 
 performed by the Gamins or young thieves anci ragamuffins of 
 JParis. One of these unliedged miscreants, as an officer during its 
 progress was addressing his division, stole behind him stealthily, 
 and stabbed him dead with a stiletto knife 1 an act that should 
 have raised him to the gibbet, but of which he was cheated by the 
 anarchial Parisians raisinir him to heroism. 
 
 In contradiction to vulgar belief, it appears from the best autho- 
 rities, that the price paid by colonists, so far from being lower, 
 was in fict higher than the real value of the land, in its then unpro- 
 ductive state. The remuneration which Roger Williams and th^ 
 Rssociated exiles (lo) made the aboriginals, for Rliode Inland and 
 Narraganset Bay, was fifty fathoms of wampum — a fathom being a 
 string of Indian beads, six feet long, valued at 5s. 8d. sterling — ten 
 coats, and twenty pair of shof-. (13) The Narraganset Indians 
 were the most curious f")-./?^ny of this sort of money, from whom 
 our colonists, through the Dutch, in 1627 acquired it. This State, 
 from its fruitful ness and salubrity compared to the Island of 
 Rhodes, liad no good roads until 1805, because turnpike roada and 
 ecclesiastical establishments were held as English practices and 
 
MISCELLANEOUS AtlTICLES. 
 
 59 
 
 badges of slavery ! we arc the ro fore prepared to lioar, on hcincr 
 told, that no contract formed here by any minister with hirf people, 
 for secutint: bitn his tiahi'-y, is valid in law ! In orovcmniont, ap-" 
 pearancp, climate, and production, it approaclies nearer to ICnyland 
 than any other slate in the Union. Provincial dispute? about boun- 
 daries began here, and in other states, very early, but as elsewhere 
 are not yet ended : one between Lyme and New London town- 
 shi]T5, related by Dvvight, was decided by a pugilistic contest, be- 
 tween four champions chosen by the inhabitants of the two place?), 
 Catholicism is making some progress in this state, wliich carries its 
 toleration so far, as not only to admit negroes to the priestliood, 
 but to the dignity of a i>ishop also; nay, has actually canonized 
 one in Rome as a saint. (! 16) A catholic gentleman asserting, in 
 my hearing, that his was the only community which ever did thi.-?, 
 I set him right, by quotnig Kepple, bishop of Exeter,who, in 1765, 
 ordained a negro as priest in the Church of England. Jf I mistake 
 not, it was whilst this prelate held the see, that a gentleman left a 
 collection of medals to the city of Exeter, accompanied by a clause 
 in his will, that should a certain antiquary (naming hun), an old 
 friend of his, be desirous of examining said medals, he should be 
 watched by two persons, one on each side of him. Some assert of 
 this city, that its charities are of trifling amount ; but this needs 
 reproof, as a rather thick 8vo. appeaietJ so far back as 1736, filled 
 with the names of those who had bequeathed estates and monies 
 for the destitute of this city aid Devonia. The Rev. G. Oliver's 
 Historic Memorials oi' Sacred Foundations in this county, privately 
 pnnted. is a choice bit of mona.:tic lore. 
 
 Anterior to the arrival of the puritans. Sir F. Gorges and Capt. 
 Mason spent ct'20,000 each in attempts for settlement, but failing in 
 their designs, sat down with the loss. Sir F. Gorges published, in 
 1659, a curious book, connected with his speculation, but now 
 rarely met with entire, entitled " America, painted to the life." 
 Vide also Prince's Chronological History of New England ; Bos- 
 ton, 1736. Our earlier navigators, as Sir W. Raleigh, failed, be- 
 cause more intent upon UKJtals and minerals, than trading with 
 Indians, or settling colonies ; .so far did this infatuation carry ihein, 
 that they actually freighted a .ship to England with nothing but » 
 bright yellow sand, which they ludicrously mistook for gold. The 
 pilgrim fathers left Flngland for Holland jn 160S, and afier a resi- 
 dence there of twelve vears, beinpf disc^usted with the licentiousness 
 
 • Do 
 
 of the Hollanders, greatly promoted by their children joining the 
 military and marine of the F^ow ^'ounlries, o\'er and above quarrel- 
 ing with each other, which threatened their extinction as a sect and 
 split them into parties, one of thorn at first only, and but 37 of 
 another party afterwards, departed therefrom for America in 1620. 
 (21) So that the immorality of the Dutch, united to discorJ 
 amongst tliem.selves, with objecting to tlieir offspring becoming 
 
60 
 
 MISCEI.LANEOUS ATtTICLfiS. 
 
 f 
 
 soldiers and sailors, and not religious persecution, as charged upon 
 England, was it 3eems Uie ti'ue cause tor these pilgnnns crossing 
 tlie Atlantic. So nuich for tlie vera(;ity of history, and following 
 the example of M. de Pau, who. to enhance the valor of the invader 
 at the expense of the invaded, boldly tells his readers, that Cortev; 
 conquered Mexico with 450 vagabonds and 15 horse badly armed ; 
 when the authentic statement of that transaction proves that it wfc..« 
 by an army, including aboriginal auxiliaries, of 200,000 men ; in- 
 creased on besieging the capital, according to Cortez' own letter to 
 Charles V. to upwards of a million. The same sort; of spirit per- 
 vades Neale's History of the Puritans, which, for distorte 1 facts 
 and partial misrepresentations, is the most dishonest book ir. our 
 language. In those respects, however, the mass of its readers, 
 settnig aside pnrtizanship, are incompetent judges, an inefficiency 
 that, whilst we regret, at once accounts for the zeal in their patron- 
 age. Its advocates are not slow in telling us, that it is the best 
 work of the kind, on this subject, but prudently forbear adding 
 why, namely, for the very .suificient reason, that we have no other. 
 It lias been ably confuted by our divines and the laity, amongst 
 whom, for detecting its numerous false quotations and as many 
 wilful mislakc^s, I\laddox, Bishop of Worcester, stands foremost. 
 Vide his lordship's 'Vindication of the Government, Doctrine, and 
 Worship of the Ci)urch of England," London, 1733. Thom.as 
 Morton, who was intimately acquainted with most of these pilgrim 
 fathers, In 1637, published a book at Amsterdam, on the land of 
 their adoption, quite a curiosity in its way, entitled " New English 
 Canaan." Scott's Vox Vera, (London, ir)25) sharply reproves the 
 insolence of these ])seuuo-puritans. And Nicolson's valuable tract 
 " The Origiiia) of all Sects," published 1537, may even to this day 
 be consulted with advantage. Neale also published, 1720, a His- 
 tory of New England, but which, being tinctured with the same 
 leaven, is but little known, and less '-cad. That ol'the Pilgrims on 
 their Arrival, published at London, 1622, is in better odour ; and 
 with their Laws and Institutes, appearing at Boston, 1085, more to 
 be relied on. This reminds me, that in a former parliament of 
 Massachusetts, whilst subject to England, the speaker asking one 
 of the members, why ho sat down during prayers, was answered, 
 " Because I caivnot join with them iu calling God our Father." 
 Whereat the <]\iePtion w as very properly put and as unanimously 
 carried, " That Philip Tabor bo expelled this house as not worthy 
 to continue a member thereof" Thereupon a few ignorant f^matics 
 his associates, joining with him, set up a cry of intolerance and 
 persecution ; a cry at that time, as it is now% full as much abused 
 as it was also misnpplied. Happy would it be tor this country, 
 and the l.-onor of that God whom even savages obey, if its rulers 
 possessed the power, as well as the inclination, to introduce such 
 sort oi' persecution no\s . L(;t a man, bo he ever so illiter».te, but 
 
MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES. 
 
 61 
 
 ^VopoiUid some new or stnmge doctrine, and anotlier attempt to 
 reprove him, or decline to receive it, because adhering to the laith. 
 of iiis iiithi.M\s. antl jjc is {orthwilh proiujuiiced intolerant and [)ersti'- 
 cuting, which havu ever been the u'atch words ol' empirics and lana- 
 ticism. No sooner had the presbyierlans under Cromv^ell secured 
 themselves in the gDvernment, than they pubhshed divers treatises 
 against toleration ; many of ihern, who formerly complained that 
 they had not sulhnent freedom under episcopacy, could not forbear 
 crying out against " this cursed intolerable toleration." The direful 
 effects of which may be further learnt by perusing the life of 
 J. Sliaw, vicar of Rotheram, in this reign of professing aljerration. 
 Ihe theological warfare of that period, like most others before or 
 since, was not more remarkable for its Jargon and unmeaningness, 
 than the bitterness and rancor with which it was conducted. The 
 two chief leaders in this matter, were J)r, Owt;n and the noted 
 Baxter ; and their never-enduig but incomprehensible theme, whe- 
 ther tiie death of Christ was a debt which by law we ouidit to havu 
 paid, or a result amountiu'r to th(; same tliinjx- Manv a sincere 
 believer m die Christian dispensation has l.)een persecuted as an 
 infidel, for endeavoring to restrain these addle-headed fanatics within 
 the bounds of common sen-;e. The foregomg, vsith much more 
 farther on, is a glossary upon liberty of conscience in this land, or 
 we ought rather to say, the propagation of opinions not less offen- 
 sive to the minds of men, than they are a mockery and insulting to 
 the majesty of heaven. Hutchinson's History of the Colony of 
 Massachusetts Ba^', pulilished in I7G0, and his letters on the same 
 subject a few years after, represent these people in another and 
 excetidingly odious light. The rule Audi alteram partem, or hear 
 both sides, not answering the purpose of these sectarians, never 
 appears in any of their denunciations ; to which I. would reply, by 
 referring the reader to their own recorded deeds in the land of their 
 adoption. How much soever these men mav have been deficient 
 in a right system of theology, or sound one oi ethics, .still they hud 
 sufl^icient !?enso to kno\\', thai when it is determined to sacrifice 
 another, fuel enough may be iound under any tree to kindle a fire 
 for doing so. To such procedure, whether its discomfiture depends 
 or not upon myself, I most une(|uivocally apply my veto, or I forbid 
 it; (which was iirst used Ijy the tribuues of ancient Rome, wlien 
 they disapproved a decree of the senate, and, on the contrary if 
 accepting it, did so by signing the letter T.) 
 
 A well-v;rilten parallel between the ancient and modern fanatics, 
 is to be ibund in the seventh volume of the Harieian Miscellany, 
 edited by Oidys, autlior of the Urifish Librarian, a book, though 
 slightly '-usticated by age, that 8lK>uld be possessed by every wedl- 
 wisher to literature. \Vhen the iniiials O. M. are found in any 
 prodi'ctiou of our literati, they mean Oldvs' Manuscripts, a very 
 emin.;nt literary anll<[uary, or digger-up ot facts for the lovers of 
 
 o!* 
 
 It 
 
 \ 
 
 A 
 
52 
 
 RnsCEf.LANEOUS ARTrCLES- 
 
 books, and Norroy King at Arms by patent bearing date May o, 
 1755 ; to whom our literature is larjjely indebted, though the true 
 extent cannot now be ascertained ; as a great [)art oi' l.'is libor» 
 lie entombed in- the margins oi' worka that have never seen, and 
 probably never will see the light ; besides a much larger unques- 
 tionably seized on, Anghce stolen, by others. Asa proof oi' the 
 estimation of these marginal notes, amongst those capable of appre- 
 ciating them, in a sale of cliia antiquary's manuscripts and book* 
 after his death, Dr. Birch purchased one of the latter, crammed 
 with Oidys' notes- and researches, for Us. 6d., for which .flOO and 
 upwards vv'as afterwards refused ; it is now in the Ih-itish IVIuseum. 
 A hole-and-corner party in the old coun>ry, loquacious babblers 
 on what they call retrson, but which I o|>ine to be reaso. wiih a t 
 to it ; holding also crude and indigestible opinions, with equally 
 crude notions and plausible theories, extolling the vote by btillot, 
 universal suH'rage, and annual parliaments, (or plague, peslilenco^ 
 and famine) as their acme of liberty, and at all times disjiosed to- 
 overrate and misjudge them, should hear what the organ of the 
 American press, (which cannot! be siHspecJcd of favoring olhcr coun- 
 tries) the New York En(]uirer of April 18, 1837, has to say on- 
 this head, concluding thus — " I'ho truth is, that the whole idea of 
 the ballot is wrong; the spirii that makes it necessary, the spiric 
 it propagates, its whole infiut?nce and character, are totally at war 
 with the direetedness,. the frankness of i'reemen. It sets out, in- 
 deed, with supposing that men are not free, and that by the help 
 of secrecy, they can bo made so." He shoukl have reiterated his 
 former communications, with those of his brethren a-s M'^ell, on the 
 working of this system,, through the Slates, particularly in the elec- 
 tion which preceded Jackson's second occupation of the president's 
 chair, when tlie ballot-l>oxes m the various wards of New York, 
 and elsewhere likewise, w^ere found to contain numberless- more 
 names than there were voters in the respective wards ! which hrui 
 been rejxiated very recently, and the offenders publislied at lull 
 length by the more respectable press; Init this the winning party 
 only laughed at, and the losing one alone condemned. The mos6. 
 epen bribery was aLo practised by both whig and locofoco, ciich 
 excusing himself by saying that he had no chance but by fighting 
 his adversary with his own weapons. It is notorious, that in revo- 
 lutionary France, then governed by suffrage and the ballot, the 
 ascendent [)arty became so by j)ursuing the very ■same nican«i^ 
 Universal suffrage anciently prevailed in England, but 1 can easily 
 conceive why no mention is evei made of this by its present advo- 
 cates, since Henry VI. was obliged to put it down, because of the 
 disorder it occasioned. Jf such were its effects in those times of 
 obedience to the laws and good order, think of the result in ours, 
 when the r ..ic. ' with little or none of either, disregarc'ing both 
 ?»hether sacred or profane, number hard on the entire population 
 
 ■■ 
 
MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES. 
 
 G3 
 
 , 
 
 oFtliat pnrlod. In any part of Englatid, or parish of London, our 
 Working towns and Hethnai CrrecMi to wit, the nenrer tlu'ir elective 
 franchisL's approach to th;.? point, the more d'-gracoful arc their 
 j)ublic exercise oi thoni sure to be. This is the same in all tjuar- 
 ter.s of the globe. On A-imviug the nubjoct in its correlative 
 branches, what lost Poland her rank in the scale of nations, but Ijer 
 elective chief magistracy, which wet^kening every tie between the 
 rulers and the ruled, rendered her an easy pr-ey to the d'-sigiis of 
 others. And, from the sanio cause, wdiat governnient on earth can 
 be more imbecile than that of the Popedom, ffence, preferring a 
 claim to this sort of suflrage is one thing, but estabhshing a right 
 to it IS another. 
 
 These salaries (25) do not keep paci? with the rapid advance in 
 all articles of dome.itic use ; thus at Washmgton, or city of distance, 
 fitted to please no one but owners of public vehicles, so built from 
 the cupidity of t^ > land-ji>bbers living considoi ably aj)art, each 
 wishing to obtain the public l.-'uildings in the centre of his lot — 
 hence one got the the capitoI, and the other, tw"o mile.? therefroni, 
 the president's house and departtnent otllces — the cost of sujiport- 
 ing a family of seven persons is 'SilTOO per annum; while a majority 
 of the g«n'ernrnent clerks here, of whicii there are hundreds, receive 
 but if^lOOO, and verv many only $750 a vear. 'i'he Chief Justice 
 of Alabama has just ^"acated the bench, in consequence of tlie salary 
 barely paying his house-rent. ChiefJustice Sutherland ol Albany, 
 {anciently fort Orange) unable to support himscslf from the mistrnble 
 pittance assigned him, vvns forced to resign, ami accept tl;e clerk- 
 ship of a district court, Cliancellor Kent, the mu.st talented Judge 
 they ever had, not even excepting Marshal, the biogra])ijer of 
 Washington, oii attaining his sixtieth year, or retiring ago without 
 pension (25), is now giving jniblic lectures, as a means oi' subsist- 
 ence i'or himself and children ! Why vnir very wati-hrnen aie in 
 greater favor and bj'ter paid, now receiving at New York one 
 dollar and a half per m.m nightly, and their department the immense 
 sum of $230,000 annually ; whilst the legal I'unctiotiaries in its city 
 court for tl.».e administration of justice, are paid the paltry one of 
 610,000. W'e no longer v.'onder at such a notice as that contained 
 in the Salem Gazette, vide 93. The people, iiowever, are liberal 
 enough on all occasions identitled with fhemselves : thus the com- 
 mon jury at New York, in the reccMitly notorious Robinson's case, 
 whi^.ii occupied them three days, denianderl and receixed for eating 
 and drinking alone thirfj/ dollar.s per man. Provincial jurymen 
 are paid a aollar pflr diem, their travelling expenses, and other 
 advantages; affecting to consider the olHce itself as burthensome, 
 but a burthen which (liey contrive to make very sup|x)rtab]e, in 
 this city, 1 saw the conviction and fin<' of two men, one in $50, the 
 other S30, for killing and selling a f]uail aiid partridge out of season. 
 No republican muist &neer ul our game laws, but rather at this 
 
 u 2 
 
64 
 
 MISCELLANKOUK ARTrCLF.S'. 
 
 Strange perversion of our public voice, in its gratuitcus ^pfefx'o of 
 the poacher—^one of the least excusable bn.akers of iho law that W(7 
 have — never stO|)ping to in(juire by what authority he invades the 
 property of anothar, but incontinently questioning the owner's right 
 to defend it. 
 
 In a recent replevin case, Simon Miers defendant, thougli the 
 sum sought was under $1000, yet the jury, in utter contempt of 
 justice, gave $3800. (88) In a succeeding trial upon a promissory 
 note, their Judge Talrnadge told the jury, tliat, as it was a usurious 
 transaction, they nmst find for ihc detendant ; in dtdiance of this 
 advice, and to nhow their independence both of jud^e and law, 
 they gave, however, a verdict lor the plaititifll'. As a climax, in the 
 town of Columbus, {103) Mrs Rachel Dickenson has been appoint- 
 ed Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas! and Mary Potter tiorni- 
 nated for the lcirislat?/re I 
 
 Their legal and fiscal calculations are iiy the decimal mode. 
 The fre(]uent pulilic dinners of its bar to favored individuals, long 
 complimentary speeclies, and handsome gold snuft'-boxes are last 
 acquiring it an anti-republican character. Rass, the Joe Miller of 
 America, for many years the spirit of the Boston press, and perpe- 
 trating his last agaaist Yankee lawyers, d:ed lately at Portland, 
 Columbia, with a jest upo?i his lips. Whilst he was expiring, his 
 nurse, thinking he lay uneasily, said to him, " Mr. Bass, will you 
 be raised up ?" *' Yes," replied the dying man, " at the last day.'* 
 
 I would here trouble their law-makers with two observations. 
 A first offender, or, as commonly happens, no otfender at all, on 
 arraignment at the bar, is sure to be reprimanded, and too oi'ten 
 punished ; whilst a known knave and scoundrel never meets with 
 the one, and not at all times the other. Secondly — if detention of 
 
 ' a/ 
 
 the former be deemed expedient, ho is thrown at once amongst the 
 criminal and dissolute ; sn that with whatever of good he may join 
 their society, has inevitably vanished by the time that he leaves 
 U; and if not degraded to a vicious being, is at least become a 
 corrupted one. These hints, it is to be hoped, will have their 
 influence elsewhere. 
 
 In the session of 1837, upwards of fJOO applications for divorce 
 were received and granted by the legislature of Kentucky! which, 
 with Tenessee, are so culled after their principal rivers, signify mg 
 in the Indian language u spoon, the curvature of theirs resembling 
 that of the river Tenessee. Corn is cheaper in Kentucky than any 
 other state, b<.^causc producing such sup<^rabundant crops. The 
 Discovery, Settlement, and State of Kentucky, published 1797, is 
 evidently by a person who never saw it. The library of Transyl- 
 vania University, at Lexington, in this state, was formed, on the 
 authority of its chief contributor, but contrary to published accounts, 
 by the exertions of a Mr. Todd, amongst his London friends in 
 England, The foregoing Kentucky articde h a goodly addition to 
 
MISCELLANEOUS ARTK'LES. 
 
 f^ 
 
 %iat« 8S, but of another texture to the doings in Vermont; ex Verd 
 JMo/U, ( lf)8) because intersected by a ridge of" green mountains : on 
 the sorne [)r:ncipie, the Fortunate Isles of the an^cients are now 
 known as the Catiary Islands, because of the number of doffs, tkjI 
 canari/ Ijirds, tbund there. Seabrook, (93) from the titles of Vis- 
 count Say and Lorti Brook, former proprietors. And the Alleghany 
 Mountains, with their rivor Ohio, or beautiful, are so called by the 
 Seneca, and divers tribes of the six nations, who anciently inha- 
 bited them. 
 
 Kentucky has just passed a law, compelling- all persons liable to 
 taxation, to declare, upon oath, the amount and vahie «f their pro- 
 perty : a strange enactment in any, more especially a republican 
 gr)vernn]ent. — As somt! have questioned the reality of the thing, the 
 following is a copv of the card issued by a most c^ lebrated marital 
 agency office in Paris : " Fathers o-f families will me^t with every 
 f'tcility in marrymg their children speedily and advantageously, at 
 the establibhmont of Foy & Co. No. 17, Rue Bergere, Paris. 
 Ladies can get married without any charge ; and this is always a 
 most valuable resource for orphans, step-daughters, nieces, elderly 
 ladies, natural daughters, &c. who are uncomfortable at home." — 
 A Yankee's wife is designated " his old woman." Divorce is hero 
 given upju tho easiest terms imaginable, (88) nay, in the last sitting 
 of Rhode Island Legislature, a lady obtained this boon, because 
 Jier husband, in a frolic, whilst she was drinking at a pail of water, 
 had bobbed in her head, thereby deianging the economy of }>er 
 cap and curls. These things, with fires that shatter whole towns 
 ^md destroy entire villages, also conflicts with pistols and bowie 
 knives amongst opposite parties of firemen, cease here, fvom their 
 irequency, to e>xite public intention. A gay Lothario of this 
 stamp, (88) in the moral state of Carolina, lately breaking prison 
 for the trijfc of marrying tkirtem wives, was inveigled into a gen- 
 tleman's house, who chanced to luiow liiuj, for the purpose of 
 apprehension ; when stepping out slily n£un' a constable to do so, 
 was astonished to find on his return, that the delin<|uent had escaped 
 in company with his own, wife: 
 
 In an interview with a New York merchant named Acnor, an 
 impression of his seal, being the figure of Cupid astride on -a cask, 
 cliancing to be protluced, I was amused with its motto, " Omnia 
 vincit A^rior." — A nice calculator estimates the qutintlty of dust, in 
 the .shape of pulverized mud, passing down the throats of New 
 Y"ork citizens, at L5001bs. daily ! The city hall, with other durable 
 and ornamental buildings, are the production of European architects. 
 The Bowery theatre, destroyed by fire in 1830, was rebuilt and 
 opened \nforfi/-cl£^/tt working days. It has been sincf burnt down, 
 which makes its third conflagration. Floating theatres on rafts, for 
 large rivers, are amongst the last oddities in thi- land of odd things; 
 said to be the invention of the elder Chapman of Covtjnt Garde» 
 
66 
 
 MISCP.LJ, VNF.orS AllTICLE^!. 
 
 Theatre, on visiting Tndjan:i. This state was so ca'.lod because 
 ceded by the Indians, in l7Go, to William Trent and t\vont_)'-two 
 others, lor mercantile losses, in aniount c£85,01(), previously sus- 
 tained by them from the aforesaid idwrlginals. The papers of this 
 istate recently contained an advtjnlsf merit, olfcirinsr tlje Chief Jndgo- 
 ship of Indiana to him who would undertake it at the lowest salary 1 
 a common method of filling the liighest legal department : vide 9*i. 
 The various theatrical establislimenls in Ntw York give employ- 
 ment, directly and indirectly, to SOOO persons. An annoying 
 custom in their theatres, is for iheir box audience to rush out C7i 
 vtafise^ beft "o the conclusion of tljc piece. The only allusion which 
 Shaksppara (G5) ever tkikos to the American shores, is in his 
 Tempest, where A' . c^ii'brates the stormy coast of the vexed 
 Bermudas; and wu cci j.iried by the wreck there of certain 
 commissioners from I'ji-landv * -tt occurred three yeai-s before the 
 production of his drama, and fc/r which he is clearly indebted to Sir 
 W, Raleigh's "Discovery of the Empire of Guiana," London, 
 1595, Capell's Shaksperiana is now to be fonnd amongst Harts- 
 horne's Book Rarities in the University of Cambridge. Z. Jackson 
 in 1818 published a. few concise examples of seven hundred aud 
 hfty errors in Shakspearo. — On passing the markets of this city, 
 you are struck at \\\e gumca color of their poultry ; which is occa- 
 sioned by their feeding upon Indian corn ; a term also that answers 
 to our SeptevTiber ; of all the diflereni kinds of this corn, botanists 
 ha\e been able to find only one species. 
 
 This finale to the equestrian figure of George III. (25) is a very 
 different one to that of Charles I. at Charing Cross, erected by 
 I'homas Howard, E;irl of Arundel, and was cast of bronze by 
 Hubert de Sueur, in 1033, W lien ordered to he destroyed by the 
 Commonwealth, it was sold to Kihn River, a brazier in Holljorn, 
 for that purpose ; but instead of doing so, he buried it in the earth, 
 and the better to conceal whr* he had done, made sundry articles 
 of a metal he pretended to be that of the statue broken up, which 
 found a ready sale amongst the loyalists. On the restoration it was 
 disinterred, and re erected in 1078, witli additional ornaments on 
 its pedestal by Grindllng Gibbons, The statue of Charles II. ir» 
 iSoho Square, is of mari)le. Our former Kings Charles and James 
 not only disallowed the building new houses, save under particular 
 circumstances, m order to prevent tiie overgrowth of London, but 
 actually ordered many to be pulled down again, that had been 
 erected without their permission. This was followed up by fining 
 Mr. Palmer, a Sussex gentleman of fortune, c£1000, for living in 
 London, in^stead of the countiy amongst his tenantry. 
 
 Incendiary fires are increasing rapidly through the Union : under 
 this disaster, or any other fire of an ordinary character, a Yankee 
 soothes his in'jured, freUngs by observing — " It makes good for 
 trade.' For their frequency vide 121. Among- the fragments of 
 
 o 
 
MrSCELLANEOr S A TITICLKS . 
 
 ^ 
 
 ?>ooks find j3rin(od sheets, whirled upwards troia l\tc flarr.o and 
 T)on)« onward?} by the wind, duriiig the hite contlagraTicn at New 
 York, that destroyed abine 700 lioupos, wiiicli arc nnythiog hut 
 incrcinable or Incapable of being l:>«jrnt — wa<j a biblical puue con- 
 taining the tilili -chapter of Isaiah. It was picker) up, on tl morn- 
 ing of the event, twelve miles distant upon Lon* fsiand, ant before 
 the oatastro])he wap known whk^h earned it thither. Tiu whole 
 papfe was oKliterRted s^fivo the eleventh verse, wJiicli reads thus — 
 *' Our holy and beautiful house vvliero our i'atheis praised thee, is 
 burned up with fii-e, and fdl our pleasant things are laid waste." 
 At one period, in England, a certain composition contained in a 
 ball or small )>arrell, on being tlirown into a ^re, extinguished it-; 
 the secret died with the celebrated Mr. l^cyle, and has not been 
 I'e-discovcred. Let it never 'le forgotten that uiien, t^ome years 
 since, a calamitous conflaf'rotion in Nowibundland and New Bruns- 
 wick reduced thousf^nds of our cour ynen to the verg-e of famine, 
 American citizens M'ere the lir.st anci .n« generous contributor? to 
 their reli(d'. In the list, however, f tlujr.e nobble benefactors, yoH 
 cannot find the name of one ihorouph-paiied democrat, or ravenous 
 pander to vioe, by the spoil Jind defior^ation of virtue. A charaotep, 
 ijecause all hi« affections are of a selfish nature, never to be found 
 in the records of eminence or ai vis of-cliarity. 
 
 Count Runiford (;iJ18) commencing life as a schoolmaster at 
 Romford, now (^oricord, in America, died in 1814, aged 60, at his 
 country seat, Autertel, France, leaving an only daughter, the 
 Countess Kumfordi now living in Concord beforementioned : con- 
 tinental honors are always assumed by the famHy of the holder, 
 however numerous it may be ; thu,s of a count, his sons are all 
 counts, and his daughters countesses. 7'hough a clever man, his 
 self-esteem often made you doubt it; which arose from his being 
 tinctured with those coneelts «so peculiar to his countrymen. He 
 founded a professorship in Harvard College, or University of Cam- 
 bridge, Mass,, now their best endowed literary institution ; and 
 albeit wholly Unitarian, scholars of all denominations matriculate; 
 amongst wdiose alumni. Dr. Priestley's Not>c^s ou all the Books of 
 vScrij)ture, published in Northumberland, North America, are fts a 
 matter of course in great favor; hence G, Noyes, one of them, in 
 1827, published what he was pleased to call an amended version of 
 the book of Job (strangely written ehort, but pronounced long, 
 easily corrected by attaching the final e), Tappan',-: Lectures on 
 .Jewish Antiquities, delivered at Harvard in 1803, and published 
 at Boston, 1808, are much approved here. Its collegians, lately 
 fancying the morning-prayer bell to l;«5 rung too early for them, 
 abated the metal nuisance with a grenade. One of the wags 
 thereof being questioned uj'on the matter by the Principal, pru- 
 dently knew nothip.g ; but on being asked if he did not think suck 
 
cs 
 
 MIHlKLLANrori AUTICI.F.ft. 
 
 conduct iihominahle ? r(?a(jily anawerud, ** Why, sir, sure cnougli 
 il was a bomb in a bell!" 
 
 Coiigi-css, liowevfir, lias not yot prissed any onuctmcnt oi tlie 
 sort, (IJO) cither t}iat they aro afraid to utti-rnjif yo arbitrnry u.n 
 exiirrijth'! of a nsonarchi'-ii! ^ovfinnjoiit, or from a coiiviition that it 
 Avould be of vt'ry little scr\ iiu- il tln-y did, since .Idiiatiian has a 
 Way i)f his own in avdiding every tiling ohjoctiouable to him per- 
 sonally, Ste'im-hoat act-'idents are tlicreforo more rife than ever. 
 Th<j last ui* ma;:;nltude wa> thti IJen Sherrod, on the Mississippi, 
 which, iVoni racing \\itli another, went <lown vvirh ^300 of its pas- 
 sengers ! drowning a? many dogs wijuld have mode greiuer noise, 
 and been more regarded ; ssir e the latter is unusual, but llie former 
 too comiTion. This reckless in.litFerence to liomicide, and [yrefer- 
 ence to dollars over liiitii'in liic!, was recently and shamelessly 
 f-hown in one of their courti^ o\' justice, (t) Some goods landed 
 near a ■sea-port town were discovereil to be infected with the pj.igue; 
 thereupon they were ordered otf, biif not being removed, the 
 hcalth-')fficcis, to prevent coniagion, very properly burnt then). A 
 suit was soon after eonunenced to recover their value, which the 
 authorities, niirabih dii tii, \n\d to pay. Again, during the confla- 
 gration al New Yorii in 1836, the only means of saving the city 
 from total destruction, was by pulling down some buildings at the 
 suggestion of the authoriues; but immediately after that event the 
 owners brouglit an action for lecovenug their worth ; which the 
 independent Judges, being elected by the people every four years, 
 adjudged tlie corporation to pay^ wlto had to mortgage their pro- 
 perty fur that purpose. (25, 26/ The struggle after wealth in this 
 country, is greater than that lor sub$iste\K;e in any other, without, 
 the redeeming grQ,ces of art or science, letters or learning; whilst 
 professional men are invariably underpaid, generally overworked, 
 and always despised. Authentic Narrative of the loss of the Ame- 
 rican brig Commerce, New York, 1816, is in such repute at 
 London, that in two recent book-salcd there, it has sold much higher 
 than its publication price. 
 
 The n outhly expenses of steam boats navigating the Mississippi, 
 not inchi ling tabk charges, wear and tear of vessel, and incident- 
 als, are ^^■2;]40. A rocking chair in their liners, or river boats, is an. 
 essential appendage, ar;d by common consent, appears to be u 
 peculiar privilege of their tiur sex, wiio, however, look anything 
 but fair in them ; their raised knees in particular very often obliged 
 nie to turn aside—which, considering the American ladies' rather 
 excessive pretensions to exterior, not a little surprised me : though 
 we ought not to wonder at this on being told, that another essential 
 appendage to these boats, especially on the Erie navigation, is a 
 jjlh'de-jnie. And, listen, ye declaimers on European peccadilloes^, 
 ijB. New York alone, without estimating her private ones,, there are. 
 
MISCCLI.ANEOIS AIlTICLEia. 
 
 69 
 
 20,000 Vaphian vtstah,{Sf>)\\\\o are free ol" oil ilio tlieufres; and 
 their upper graJe Jrcss so splenJit^ly, as to be ('ornTiionly enveloped 
 in caclnniierc sliuvvls, v;irvii)i2- from ^'JOO to SlOdO each. x\ \\\\i\\W 
 laudatory article in the New \ crk t^pet tutor, nvIio.'^o editor is a 
 family man of" ciiarnctor and respectabiliiy, nhich niiikes hi^ eiiloj.'fy 
 the more surprising', introduces an American laily by the name, I 
 think, of Gove, then travelllnfj the cities and larg»M' towns of the 
 Union, as a lecliirer to the lad'i ;> " On comparative anatonn/, and a 
 coit'um of tilt: sexes.'" Indeed, their ultra strong' clams on aiural 
 coriduct, are pretty sure e\ idence as to the hoilownesii of their 
 pretensions — the proceedings of every j)etty district court hero, if 
 looked into, but which seldom stray bevond it, fully confirm this. 
 Upon a late 9ciioi) fiir seduction, in (>ne of them, on a witness de- 
 posing- to the prodigality of the young lady's favors, what think 
 you, reader, was the answer of her father? v>by, ** If she wasn't, 
 she wouldn't be like her mother." 
 
 The preceding rocking chairs, il'not invented, were at least much 
 approved by Dr. Fianklin, — whosi; fund, given by him to the ciiy 
 of 13oston to be loaned to young meciianics on bc";inning business, 
 now amounts to $2.'3,4o3. The Doctor maintained that the colonies 
 were as so many counties to Groat Britain, by which she exlf.nded 
 her empire ; but departed from these principles in the ini^trument- 
 ality he afforded to their revo't. When James Franklin, iiis 
 f>rother, (27) published "The iSew England Courier," its profvie 
 and irreligious character originated a prosecution frf)m the Massa- 
 chusetts Legislature ; which however was evaded l)y Dr. Franklin 
 substituting his own name for that of his brother, at the bottom of 
 its columns ; a manieuvre that drew upon the i)octor considerable 
 oblo(|uy, and occasioned him the loss of many friends. Fianklin 
 has suliered in the estimation of many, on account of his name, in 
 conjunction with that of Smoliet, appearing in a former edition of 
 Voltaire's works (30 vols. 12mo.) as their translator; his poverty 
 aivl not his will had to do with tins : it is l^ut fair however to add, 
 that the booksellers gave him a pecuniary consideration for the loan 
 only of his name, he not having contributed a single line to that 
 edition, lie always hud a penchant for low gallantry, and Its 
 clieap indulgence, without being very choice as to o})K'ct ; hence 
 it did not always terminate so cheaply as he intended. Many 
 anecdotes of this and the foregoing: character were familiar amon<rst 
 hiH fellow-workmen when a journeyman-j)rinter in Lmcoln's-lnn- 
 Fields, London : his press, at wh>oh he labored, is now in the 
 office of Messrs. Cox & Son, Printers, (Ireat (r^ueen Street afore- 
 said. About a hundred years ago, a belief siuddenly sprung up, — 
 after the manner of French philosophy, in our time, of t|uestioning 
 any sacred and moral obligation, for the mere purpose of • imething 
 exciting — that printing was first practised by a foreigner at Oxford, 
 feebly sustained by the pamphlet of one Atkyns, which was 
 
 -4 
 
70 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS ARTrtLES. 
 
 8peo<JiIy confuted, by an o.Me answer from Caml)ri{l|2,f\ ciititl(;(l 
 "A l)issortulif)ii on the Orii^ifj of Prinlinf^' in Eni^fhuul," wli ch 
 sutisfiictorily nwnrilcci It toDiir comiirymaii ('ii.xton, i'roni tliC Weald 
 of Kent, ill one ol'th«? then chapels ot' Westininstor Ahbey. The 
 Writing T!ihl('S of F. Adams, published 159 I, li/is this passage, 
 *' Prlntiiifi; was found ont at ^lent?: 14/5!), anfl first broupht to 
 London by VV^il'iam Oaxtori, tnerctjr." Mr. Tliornas, of ^V''orcester, 
 Amerira. published th«'re in 1810 a very good History of l^iiitlng. 
 John Jahn, of And-ner in Mass., has pnlilished Hlblical Archnfoiogy 
 translated; and Dissertaiions on th'-i bcrt rneiliod of ntiulying the 
 original languages of tin? IVible, botli which have great merit, and 
 are much esteemed ; ru.'vortheless, the records of criminality aro 
 fur hotter encouran'ed here than anvthinLJr serious or didactic: 
 which clearly evineo the depraved taste of a people : hence the 
 republication of Jack Sheppard, by Clewer, of New York, 
 which abounds in scenes of infamy, is, in the slung phrase of the 
 day, quite a hit. I wish to be neither loo fastidious, nor misunder- 
 stood, but cannot help observing, that too near an approach to evil 
 has nipt many a promising bud, nor avoid asking what made the 
 first sinner, l)ut her proximity to tentptation ] 
 
 The mention of Voltaire in my last paragraph, reminds me that 
 
 certain votaries of infidelity, with othens of a corresponding bias 
 
 amongst the radicals, still further to deceive the public, anci spread 
 
 their poisonous principles, artfully an:;ounco, in hired notices of 
 
 their publications, that they are regularly added to the libraries of 
 
 our Universities and the British Museum, solely, as implied, on 
 
 their own merits and pretensions. To correct this implication, tlie 
 
 iminitiated are to know, that of every book or pamphlet published, 
 
 eleven copies, by law, are handed to the Stationers' ( -ornpany, to 
 
 be by them delivered to as many of our endovv(id Institutions, 
 
 including those of Oxford and Cambridge, with the Briti?^h Museum, 
 
 wliose accession ol' books is 5000 annually. If received at all by 
 
 the latter foundations, which 1 much question, unless the law bo 
 
 imperative, having never .seen one of them in either — I have no 
 
 (doubt they are taken proper care of. The failure, and, on my 
 
 leaving England, comparative indigence of a sort of olT'-slioot in the 
 
 Voltaire school, considering a gratuitous gift — a subscription of 
 
 d£3000 — besides a very large sale, if the number of their editions 
 
 be correct, of his many pamphlets, caused much talk and conjecture. 
 
 ■Little anecdotes, however, are great tale-bearers : a book agent to 
 
 ■one of our large establisliments, once called to purchase .-£50 worth 
 
 of this man's pamphlets, with cash in hand ; but, on making known 
 
 Siis business, was told by hia wife, that as Mr. Blank was then 
 
 xmder the hands of his hair-dresser, he must call again ; which he 
 
 ■actually was obliged to do. 
 
 Divers states, Illinois to wit, discovering that their flash-in-the- 
 f>an theories burst, like most others, on reducing them to practice;; 
 
MISCEL!. ANEOl'S ARTrCLKS. 
 
 71 
 
 nnd auprelicnsive tliiil onf'-liair llie laiul will soc>n i-i^juirc iMniiten- 
 tianop, and t)ip orlier half prist m-yanls, >in' adoptii'iz the lirrotofore- 
 reviled aysiorn of the mollier coiiniry, in h«:;r Joc.rtl fiinctirinUs ; and 
 nmonjxst. oifior innovations, cliniljin}; up and i-nbliin;; ;ippl«--ttit's in 
 Maryland, \\ilh hckiiif,' the Injnghnk'S f>r sui^ar-rdsks in Sah'ni, (^)y) 
 arc penal oHbnri-s; ninl now visit, iiorsostt^ajing with the piunshirjent: 
 of death. A leading writer in Philidtdphia, on noticing this suh- 
 joct, savs, " Tlioy h.ing poopic in Aikiui-ajj lor stralin-^ horses, atid 
 in this state pardon tor rniinhM'." Obviou'^ly, tl:n^ tlio fbrtmrr aH'f'cfj? 
 their doilarj*, hut the latter ordy human hit.'. The averaj:'.- unnual 
 expense of Massachusetts lor prosecuting its public criminals \a 
 $"70,000. This extract from a pres(aitnieTit by tlie (Jrand Jury (d' 
 Upson C/Oiin(y, (Jeorgia, April I, 1jSM9, will illustrate the preceding: 
 " It has become abnost a ceilain matter, if indiv ithuds cofTirnit 
 offences high enough to re<|uire their lives, that our legislature is 
 an apylum to secure them from the just judgment of the law. By 
 this course, which we deplore, we are eonstruiric] to bolieve, thot 
 crime will be increased amongsit u^, and the <Mjrise oi' a juat (jod 
 mu^it rest upon us." 
 
 Some call Yankee an Indian corruption of Yorkshire (their <to- 
 vernor Endicott (51) coming from that part of England), but about 
 as trul^ as those who snarl at the titles of Grace and Majesft/, be- 
 cause liuy may happen to be hold l)y persona who are neither 
 graceful nor majestic. — This suppression of vails (\i2) wad the 
 result ot" an outbreak amongst gentlemen of the shoulder-knot, in 
 the footman's gallery, lildinbio'irh Theatre, on a first performance 
 of the Rev. J. Townley's High Life bflow iStairp, in 17G(), as a 
 check upon their growing insolence,— '.rhe New England trrm 
 ht'Ip (IS) originally rne.mt aid from a son or daughter, when ser- 
 vants were not then to be had ; they were literally helpers without 
 servility. — "J will he hi to you like a Ihinisand of brick," meaning 
 a i\o^gn)(i, is a down-east threat, bom one yt ^ng lady to another. 
 Their affected and simpering, of all conditions, never meiition a 
 cock and hen by any other name than a he and she rooster ■ and 
 a bull Is more delicately lisped !brth a top ant HI They piquo 
 ihemselvea on being a tran.nc.nt pec>ple, because of the readi- 
 ness with which tiiey move from house, kind, or kindred. — A 
 young Delaware aboriginal is called Pilapc, denoting purity and 
 innocence, from pilsit, innocent, and leruipe, man. — New Yorkers 
 retain the t in pronouncing the word often ; and make advertise, 
 decisive, tongue, and does — adt?^r-tisR, de-siss-lve, tarig, and dooze. 
 The separatists named Tunkcrs, id est, sops and dippcs, and also 
 Tumblers, from tlieir mode of Laptixing — PenTisylvo ms mis( all 
 Dunkers and Durvplcrs, after the Germans* misprc', nciation of 
 t and A, like d and p. Whilst the Philadelpians copy our cockneys 
 in the V and ir; and sometimes a ^Spaniard in h and ?-'; with occa- 
 sionally furse and purse for fierce and pierce. But the Balti- 
 
72 
 
 MlSCEr.LANEOrs \RT1CLE6. 
 
 nioroaiis, t^reatly to ihoir crc(]ir, are the only ])eopio i know, tlrit 
 ind,l:e any disiiiiccion botween w and e, in such words as person, 
 jjorl'ect, and perse v eru ; even uur best speakers (juoUiig them as 
 p.vrson, pwtf'ect, pwrsevere. The word Almighty, so expressive of 
 <!eity, and by Europr;an nntions revereiifJy ei^served ns such, your 
 Yaukee treats (juite as Hippautly as lie does that of dollar, or the 
 veriest of his isms, and with lull as tnueh levity as lie regords a 
 Novasr 'tian, wlioni ho personities under the whiskey name of 
 JilitC'iose. A S(juerze, in Kentucky parlance, is meant lor somu- 
 tiiint:; between a rrmf. at;d a iJrufii in London, but iiiore fre(|Uently 
 tlegenerates to a Ao/^ inWapping. The sweetmeats and extra con- 
 dlinents of the tea-table, are generally known by the name of" ths 
 little Ji.rcns."' As hub, in the midland districts, implies the nave of 
 a wheel; and I'^actorv is nniversallv substituted tor manufactory. 
 " Over the signature^' is a vulgarism peculiar to America: one 
 might as well sn.v — he <bugbt over his national Hag. Signature is a 
 term here used nuM.aphorically, having no reference to the place 
 wh^Te the writer ajjr^ear^!, but the style or device under which he 
 presents himself. (14) 
 
 Aa American author, whose name has escaped rne, when de- 
 scribing his countrymen, does so in these terms ; " We are born in 
 a hurry and educated ai s>)eed. We inak^i a fortune with the wave 
 ofa wand, and los<' it as swiftly, to re-make and-relose it in the 
 twmkhng o!" an eye. Our body is a locomotive, travelling at ten 
 leagues an liour; our spirit a high-pressure engine ; our life resem- 
 bles a shooting-star, and death surprises us like an electric shock " 
 To which I would b*'s, as in the good old times, though now-a-davs 
 take, have to add, oae would imagine their chief food to bo crab 
 apj)le.s, as their favorite ilrink is switehel, (144) for take them m the 
 mass, a less choertul peo[)le is hardly to be found. If the fore- 
 going be intended as a complimeni., certainly It is a strange one; 
 at all eveiits there can be no fear of its exciting envy, or the srpa!!- 
 est in the world that it mil be spirited away. 
 
 The Americans' re<:ent acquisition ol' Texas (llo) d\s« -)Vors their 
 inveterate habit of contriving ; but on this, as too many other occa- 
 sions, it is that sort "f confrivinij, which <mtails upon them disgrace 
 and infamy A hrm hold, hovNover, of (he country is not yet 
 obiauied, nor is it likely to be so witJiou^ the expenditure of much 
 blood and treasure. Preceding the seizure of Texas, the following 
 jjaragraph was to be seen in most of the leading American papers, 
 " Those people w^juld exclaim that we have land enough — that on 
 the score of territory wo ar(? gorged to overllowing. This may be 
 an acknowledged fact, ai;d yet serve to strengthen the policy of our 
 g'overnment in gettl)ig possessi(»n oi' Texas by any means witliin 
 the range of possibility." It is only by an admission of this kmd, 
 that we can over expect to come at the truth, in a land where its 
 public acts arc so little governed by it, A citizen of this now 
 
MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES. 
 
 7J 
 
 J 
 
 fcpublic, beinL,^ askoil \vl>at kind of currency rhey I'^J — specie, of 
 cours<\ living so near iho Mexican mines I " N(it at !il!," was itiw 
 rej)ly, " we pay in rows for large sums, an>l ihrow in the calvej< 
 for chanj^^e." The just-electotl State of Miclii^an, after the same 
 whimsey, desiufnale llieir money thus — J^'irst <[uality, Red .Dog } 
 second ditto, IVUd i'at \ third ditto, Catamovnt : of the best quahty 
 it takes five peeks to make a bushel. 
 
 It is important for emigrants to know, that the lands of Ameri<;a, 
 on being tirfit brongbt nnder cultivation, unlike any other, are pro- 
 ductive of disease ; those previonf^ly cultivated are therefore 
 preferalile. (92) In aUiiifion to which (07) tlie .sleeping ch.amhers 
 as far as possible from the ground, will save many a lite. This is 
 no new liypothesis, since it ia well known, to prove the damp 
 and vapor arising fr( m the wilderness, that many streams of water 
 which issued ori^rinallv from those lands, turnin,'v in tiieir course 
 saw an<l gristmills, upon said wilderness beinjjf cleared, immediately 
 after disappeared. Those desirous of information as to the forest 
 trees and shrubs, natixes of America, must consult Marshall's 
 Arbusluni Americanum, Pldadelpbia, 17^8. 
 
 A handsome kit-cat, or si/e more than half-length, enoravlng, 
 boine a ladv in costume, of transcendant loveliness, said to be 
 Rubens' mistress, published lately in London, and whi(h every one 
 there well known, I saw falthf dly copied m New York, and exhi- 
 bited as " The portrait of a Philadelfihia Lady " 1 stared. Mr. 
 Grund, in his book entilled " 'J'he Americans,'" doubtless had this 
 picture beibre him when he penned the follow ing-, " An American 
 lady is the most sylph-like creature upon earth. For symn etry of 
 ibrm, expressive intelligence, and indescribable langour, it would 
 be ditiloult to bnd lier parallel in Euroj>e. Her limbs are ex- 
 (|ulsitely wrought, her motions light ;ukI graceful, and her carriage 
 at. once easy and digni^^ed." (Look into Addenda 77, saying 
 nothing on the score of scragginess. lack, of bust, pinched and 
 meagre-looking shoulders, or complexions crying aloud lor BalUie's 
 break 111 St bacon and Abernethv's page 7:,'.) " But these beauti(;s,'* 
 adiks Mr. Grund, in a iachryrnical strain, an^ doonied to an early 
 change, and at the ap.e of ^4 or 30, fall into decay." Lest the 
 reader might as(;ribe this cliange to the vulgar notion of iho 
 climate, on whicli they charge their bad teeth, and loss of them, 
 forgeitinc that tlieir slaves and negvi^es cannot cornjilain of either, 
 Mr. (xrund presently sets him right, bj' adding. " It is I'roin their 
 being the ablest mothers and best teachers in the worhJ. Pro- 
 posing and assisting the solution of arithmetical and algebraical 
 ([uestions, (Mr. Grund has published an American work on Geome- 
 trv, of which, with reiiding, wri'ing, and ci[)hering, he is tliere a 
 private teacher) with all other sciences, and the languages. If at 
 all deficient, m these matters, married ladies lake lessons and study 
 them for that purpose." This, beating evtM*;y thin-jc in any world 
 
74 
 
 MISCnt.LANF.OUS AttTICI-ES. 
 
 revolving round the sun, is roceivod with rapture by \ankcGS, 
 though the prossesr. Hritt^^ry, or in other words, lifting you up as 
 birds of prey do shell fisli, lo get somi.*hin<i' hy yuir full. Sucli it 
 belle ideal, Mr. Grund, U all your own; for as tish without sauce 
 to an epicure, so is this your goddess, jiositioned for uttraction like 
 goods in a show-room, to the mind and likixif^ of a traveller. Those 
 who undertake the praise of this riddle-me-ree people, are not at 
 all aware of the dangerous nature of the office ; for the moment 
 they cease eulogisirie, and that Verily with lungs of a ibrty-ckmkey 
 power,, sinco nolliing less will satisfy, thny henceforth beronio 
 proscribeJ, and their very lives in jeojjardy. Their noisiy lauded 
 author of "The Spy," presuming upon that laud, upon telling them 
 in his "America, hy au American," that " the Americans are in 
 favor in no ]mrt of Europe,'' has ventured to add, with much quail- 
 ing timlditv, whether the cause of that dlsl'a\or miglit not be traced 
 to themselves '{ Whereupon the press and people, regardless of 
 his former labors in their behalf, instantly beset him at all points ; 
 and if he do not ijuickly recant, and tliat too in terms of no ordmary 
 prostration, lie must make up his M'lnd to one of two things- 
 expatriation or liVnch law. The friend who praises too much, 
 does more harm than an enemy who allows loo little. Doubtless 
 their author of The Sjnj lias read Iveppel's Narrative of a Journey 
 from India to England, duruig 1827, in which is the following pas- 
 sage : "While we were wondering both at his ability to serve us, 
 and his confidence in our honesty, he said he had too many proofs 
 of English probity to enteriam any alarm on that head ; that the 
 In^ucz (English) had never been known to deceiv*?; though their 
 character had been in some danger from the roguery of an Ame- 
 rican captain, but fortunately the merchants had learnt that they 
 were not real English, hut Feringhce Ihonea/.ne Noo, that is 
 Froids, or Yankees of the New World." — Vide also Abel's 
 China, 1817. 
 
 1 remember when the rage was at Its height, for converting the 
 ladies of that chaste asylum, known as Whittmglon's Coll<?ge, but 
 vulgarly called NcwQote — a ticklish cognomen, by the way, to old 
 plantationers — Into paragons of every virtue, afriend dropped in, as, 
 m their best looks and dresses, they sat waiting for Mrs. Fry; and 
 pronoui'ctd them very inter;;stlng objects. When the drama was 
 concluded, nnd the performer^ retiring *o their respective cells, 
 were then off guard in their exterior simplicity, here also he visited 
 them, but withdrew again confounded, for oh! what a change did 
 he behold ! Confirmed hubus of vicious indulgence, are not to be 
 vanquished by temporary dif<j'lays of feverish excitement; any 
 more than knowledge itself can ever be imparted, by the nckeltv, 
 mnrcli-of-inteilect expedient of puff' and eulogium. 
 
 The first five jiresidenth entered Ujiou that office in the /56th year 
 of their age; whilst 115 of those digiiera (V4) Htlained that of 81 : 
 
MlSCELfANEOlSI AllTK LES, 
 
 7.5 
 
 lut 
 
 lid 
 
 Is. 
 
 lar 
 
 K. liutit-dge, of Carolina, was the youugest, and Dr. Franklin the 
 oldest, being 71, on doing so : 8 woe groduaips of ilarvard r.olJeoe ; 
 4ofYaK); i.i oi N'ew Jlm-scv ; 2 ol riiiliulclphiH; 2 of VV illiani huJ 
 Mary; 3 of CarnbriJt;*;, Englatul ; 2 of Editilnirgh ; and 1 ofrit. 
 Omors. Thirteen of tlioso names had the same teiininaiion ; arid 
 of the men who have figured in the States, their surnames conclude 
 in en. Their anniversary oi' independence, the 'ith of July, J3 
 reniarkablo fr.r being tlie day originally appointed, 22 years before, 
 for i.he same pu'-pose, but failed because it was thought to giv'^ toa 
 much power to the president. Congress regulates, every ten yi-ars, 
 the niiinber tjf reitresentatives each state is to send : the number n> 
 17iS'J was GO, inciea?ed to 2 U) in 18o3. The tcnn '' Bunkum," 
 meaning, in congressional language, the conslitnent body, came 
 from a grave Carolina member, resident in its county oi' Buncombe, 
 ^vho, on finditjg he was not lis.tened to, was apt to say, In a pet, he 
 was not speaking to the house but to '■ Buntumbe," 'J'heir newest 
 partisan word Locofoco, uv Van Buren men, vvas coined in one of 
 their liist public meetuigs, when beii.g luld that their oppojients 
 intended to cut otf the gas-pipes, and »o involve theui in darkness^ 
 each attendant came provided with a candle and loco-foco match Jo 
 light it. S<-n{!m(:r, origmated by their whole-hog spouters, signifies 
 one violent in liis politics, amenities or er.miries. The jnesident 
 oi' the senate, and spt>aker of the houao of rej^resentatives, have iSlG 
 a day each during session. They now corM:ede the franking pri- 
 vilege for life to the widows of tlieir presidents ; Mrs. Madison 
 l)elng the first to whom they granted this fai^or. The chiirge for 
 writing I'.iper idone, durnig list session, was '(?il2o eri'ik mem/jer, 
 which in our parliament would have unseated or arraigned him. 
 In It late argument between two of its representatives, about 
 employing the marine corps in the Fndian war in Alabama, one of 
 mem observed that the duty was inconsistent, the cor[>s having been 
 raised for service at sea. " True," snid the otluir, "^^ and the next 
 ihi.ig to fighting ut sea, is fighting amongst the CVtfr/i^'." 
 
 One of their p'Vblic writers, and a recent traveller in Europe,, 
 after launching his anathemas againsl En;j;!ish scribblers upon 
 America, in his \\\,-\. pul.)lished .i.ccount of Congress in session, pays 
 them oH'in good set terms, whilst admin:.-?teriiig to the meek bearii;g 
 ef his^ blushing countrymen, by pronouncing tlieir otlicial function- 
 aries, both in dress and' address, as superior to all the diplomatist* 
 ill Ku''Ope. "J'hat at lirst ho endeavored to single out the rrioT*e 
 eminent sena'or;-, by the exterior synibois encircling greatnefs ; but; 
 was soon obliged to desist, because, as ii. body, (hey combined those 
 characterustics: observing t»f llie English houses of Lords and 
 Commons, that in these points, and as politicians generally, they 
 ^•nuld by no means compete with the Tnited i^tares ConpjrfiSH. Do. 
 Toc(|ueville, a French traveller in the States, when on the same 
 topic, vide his " Democracy in America, ' say:j, " On enftring the? 
 
#^:. ' 
 
 n 
 
 MtSCELLANKOl'S AKTlCLfiS. 
 
 house of repre?pntativos at Washini^ton, one is struck bj' the vi !gu'.t 
 cleni.'Mnor oftlia' ^rpfit f».'^.-'(.'iJib!v :" some iliflfuretirc truly, .iveport^ 
 in ^i siM-t oi' hearaljle v.iiisjior, tolls us ot* tliis i'orrcct An:e'u 'n 
 \vntei-, that he is about tryiii<^ his hand on a new eihtion of Guilive"'iS 
 Travels, tlic hint for which, ii" it be worth his attention, Swift 
 (orrowod I'roni Hail's Mnndus Alter et iJern. Another ol" his 
 never-to-be-onough-adinircd for-liis-modesty ink spillers, on hearing 
 that a c.'owde<i cabin of Enghshmen were on their return home, 
 said " i'onr thin<>!3 ! they came liere to get improvement, and are 
 going- l-iack a^ain to use it." Another of those veteran blushers, 
 loud in [^raising \i\< own firmanient, sky and air, as the linest under 
 heaven, (Qy, what d'ye call the yellow fever?) is very indignant 
 aafainst tCaglish rhymesters, for conceding this to Italy ; but con- 
 solos himseli'by calliiig them no judges, from not being arcuston)ed 
 to the sun above twice a year in th.eir own country. The foregoing 
 evinces profound acquaintance with president Jeflerson's tactics, 
 their first public exhiintiomst of this incomparable trait in trans- 
 atlantic diliidence ; who speaking of his countryman llittenhouse, 
 a passable puttrr-togethcr of joint-stools, and other odd-legged 
 things, in writing to Abbe Kaynal, has this cluuax — "He (Ritten- 
 house) has hot indeed made a world; but he has, by imitation, 
 approached nearfjr to its Maker, than any man who has lived lif/n 
 the creation to this day." This same Mr. Jefferson, by the way, 
 wrote some vory fine ilungs against slavery, whilst at the same 
 time bartering and seiling his own otfsprmg, borne to tiini by his 
 female slaves, like cattle in a fair; and at his death, left man" of 
 these his sons and daughters to be manumitted by others, hs\ ing 
 forgoUtn to do s(> himself. Henci.i this presulent of the United 
 States \\i\^ not only a keeper, but also a brecdfir of slaves, in the 
 same way that agriculturists do by ihe^-tde on their farms; but 
 in this particular he was not singular, .(•: rvery slave-holder in his 
 country does the same thing; two maivo to twelve females being 
 the proporti(jn for that [rurposc ! His N((te8 on the State of \ ir- 
 ginia aie just the sort of jiruduclion to be expected tiom the school 
 in wluch he had been taught. His state pji pets and correspondence 
 by Randolph, are liable to the same objection, and smell, not of the 
 lamp, l)Ut of tiiose errors wliich shaded liis public life, and clouiled 
 his private one. If you would be .steadliist in the creed and prm- 
 ciples of your tat hers, which make life peaceful, and its end happy, 
 on no pretext whatever countenancf^ works or converse fhatunder- 
 Mlne one, and fritter away the other. But tills is a subject on 
 vhich I should never touch, were there not a jiirreat and melancholy 
 difference b.j' .voen iuen having some religion, anil others professing 
 1 'uu; at all. We may call the foregoing consistency, in a people 
 who ha^p n) other moanin,^ for that good old English word loeak/i 
 — cxj.r«.«.a\o ol man's Jiigliesr iUid simplest wants — than the single 
 one, n'-ui-.y , lun any :nher notion of worth, thau asj the rnedium 
 
 I 
 
 
 u 
 
 
 
I 
 
 iS. 
 
 MrSCELLANF.OUS AKTIOLES. 
 
 77 
 
 of telling flicm how much, a :!ian has. This la'jtiide in a V'ax.kc*! 
 should sui priae no one; sinco t!ie only belligerent part of him '^ 
 his torgue, in which, how muoa soever his other inembers may i- ti 
 dispo;-}od to serve him, on all occasions of profit, still npou ■ :?, 
 strange but natural to say, tho_y are perfectly quieicont. (143) 
 
 American poliiiciai 3 become prematurely grey ; from hstei" ^, 
 I suppo."e, to so many long speeches. (G8) This country is the only 
 one in the world where laws are the most almndant. and last the 
 shortest time : Massachusetts' acts alone, frofJi 17&<) to 1S23, lill 
 three stout folio vulumes, which, in all probability, will vacate 
 their seat?, in the same brief space, for as many new members to 
 take them. A committee of this legislature, after silting some time, 
 to alter and amend the constitution, in imitation ol other state.s, so 
 as to pr<iduco son\ething ne^v for their masters the mob to stare at 
 and logic over, have ju.^t come to a close : one part of ti mr labors 
 is at least mtellitj-Ibie, namely, the printing bill, which for pubHshing 
 their exploits, amounts to the irijUn^ sum of $150,000 ! N. B. The 
 busy-bodies of Slate Legislalures are invariably pif/ifcrs. The pay 
 of their brother wranglers in session, is ^3000 per diem, full J^IOOO 
 daily more than congress, so that talking in this state is somewhat 
 expensive. This state, be it remembered, does not reach in extent 
 more than a seventh part of any other, if we except New Hamp- 
 shire, New Jor.sey, and the tittlebat one of Ilhode Island, with 
 Delaware and Connt;cticuL Their legislature, in a recent sessi >n, 
 changed, by law the names of upwards of 200 persons; amo ig 
 whom were fifty by the name of Smalley, shortened down to that 
 of Small ; no small business, cert-jinly, for one ])oul. •■' ;id h-gi.-.a- 
 ture. after stormy discussions upon the .-subject, have now )ncli"iad 
 to sit as they please, v. ilh their hats on or off ; an*^* ive v<>ted 
 themselves indivub.ially a selection of newspapers froi.; .^.ny part of 
 the Union, at the expense of the state. In tlic last sitting of the 
 Massachusetvs or Key-stone State Legislature, and a "pretty l-r./.-^one 
 it has proved to be, there were two sp ukers elected and i\\.,j par- 
 liament.^ in actual operation some time ! a comniclion ensued and 
 blood was spilt, ftowever, as the American constitution declares, 
 v^'dh a righteousness befitting its people, that the nvjijority shall rule, 
 the Locofocos, Van lllui'i men, or mob party prevailed — alway.s 
 the ca^e hv.Txi, and will so contuiue, until events are ripe ioratKther, 
 and imf)erativelv called-for state of things. 
 
 After the termination of this double parliament election, it being 
 well known that a design had been enteitained by the mob, to sub- 
 vert the constitution, a resohition was iniroduc«d su]>seipiently 
 before the house, for inciuir'ng into thi'; treason against the commot:- 
 wealth. Whereupon MacElwes. leader of the democrat or treuson- 
 ftble party therein, ro>e \r\ his seat, and with the niosi consummato 
 insolence told the wh ^le house, that he had won over the troops to 
 his purpoiic, and if they had been ordered to fire upon ihc rioters, 
 
78 
 
 MfSfELI-ANEOrS AHTICLEST. 
 
 they would have turned and rircd upon their officers, and therefore., 
 he added, with increased edrroutery, " 1 dure you loan infiuiry."'' 
 The resolution was consequently withdrawn, and the afliur ende«] 1 
 The fi'agrance of tea, (1 16) l.)Oth in America and Canada, is much 
 impaired and sometinDcs k).st, by shopkeepero e\posinj:f it u\ the 
 open chost, not cjntining it, as ouis do, in covered caniJiterH. Their 
 wsual w^ay of smuggling tiiis article into Canada, is Ijy Ji.cirig small 
 chests of hyson in Ijarrels of salt. Green tea should be used with 
 great caution in America, as its Canton suppliers of that article are 
 known to substitute a spu^-ions compound of the coarsest hohea, 
 cunningly prepared, and made green by turmeric, indigo, and white 
 lead ; in exchange for Jonathan's commercial roguery in sending 
 his own execrable coffee to Mocha, and bartering it for her innnor- 
 lal fruit; hence the trick by which ho undersells us and others in 
 Shat article. (1 Mj) — This disgraceful outrage upon privato property 
 ('5-1) which has been desfribed by history, who can fib upon occa- 
 sion, as thii concerted act of h whole people, when the sudden 
 ifnpulse cf a few amongst the itiIjI^Io, during a furtive moment of 
 idleness at a tea-r)arty io liosron — v/ hose necks, aiutr tlie transaction, 
 were no sooner out ol danger, than the number of claimants ex- 
 ceeded 100, though in reality under 20, who, disguised as Indians, 
 destroyed, in three hours, •'342 chests of tea. T. & E. Hutchmson, 
 chiei consi£;;ers of this tea,, died in Entrland : the former at Heavi- 
 tree, near Exeter, in ISll, aged 71 ; the latter at LVturton Parson- 
 age., Trentham, Stalfordshire, in 18^1, a;;cd 81. — At this juncture 
 ihe sectarians o'* r»oJ<(.on petitioned the Cj-overnor to dispense with 
 the bands playing, when the troop"^. marrhed to church on Sundays, 
 as, setting aside being shocked by military mu^ic on the l^ord'sdr/)/, 
 vt disturbed thetn m thesr devotions: when, as alterwarcls cauie 
 out, instead of worshipptng their Maker, these phansaical worthies 
 wore coitcocting rebellion. At this period may be dated the first 
 public display f if that subterfuge and cunning, for which their de- 
 scendants h.ne become so notorious. Though the cradle of their 
 iiuleprndence, this city is also the focus of political humbuggeiy, so 
 well described in Cary's Ohce Bniyuh, vluci'. alfonis an Instructive 
 l<3sson on tlie feutis of their respcf live fa^tjons. After turning over 
 the abovA-Ti'itlonel rtrst leaves of re-, dution, seeing too that this 
 was thoir -onty - '.in' ;i for escaping the falter (what great results 
 often ariso iii'm' small "^oglanings!) — these tea-<.iestroyers repaired, 
 in a body, to the I-.ou^; ; of Edes, the printer, in the narrow lane 
 Jt3a-dlng from Court Sireot to Brattle Street, and there partook of a 
 boNvl of punch, which was j>repared by IJeiijamin I'Jdes, then devil 
 in the oHi* e, now .'r lately living at .IJangor. Maine, who has pos- 
 Bes&ion ot the Identiea] bowl, of turious old China, and rivetted in 
 many }» -ices. Punch was so general a beverage in those days, as 
 «(> \ms customary for chapel-deacons to qualF in tlieir vestries, (id est, 
 because where clergymen assume their vestments ) *' The Natural 
 
i 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS ARTICl ES. 
 
 7d 
 
 History of tlie Bible," by i^r. Harris of this city, puts fortli much 
 pretonsiiMi; there is, however, no origitialily about it, \)eiiig bor- 
 rows] from Dr. Hasselquisl's VoyagCi. and Tnivek in the Levant 
 and Hniy Land, London, 1766. 'i'he same applies to ^'Sacred 
 (geography," bv Dr. Paribli, of Boston, which ir* nothing but a. 
 conapiUition from Eusebiu-s and Jerome, Wells' Historical (u^ogra- 
 phy, CaifKet's Dictionary, and certain modern travels. The case is 
 aitl't:rei)t wltji Hobinson'.s Greek and English Lexicon to the New 
 Testatnont, conpded from WahVs Clavis Philoh>gica, printed at 
 Andover, Massachusetts, 1825, which is a respectable and accurate 
 performance. 
 
 At liioxburg. adjoining Boston. Mr. EUiott, (-iO) t!t<; abh.'i^.t Eng- 
 lish missionary, hibored in the ministry for sixty years. The l)iblc 
 which, with um.omrnon labor, he translated into the Indian tongue, 
 was utiforluatelv done in r.hat of the Naties, a iribe now no more. 
 An event as!:ribf;d to the indiscriminate coiti'/u of the sexes, so 
 notorio.isly the practice of the Algoiupiins in Lower Canada, and 
 also of the .Mohawks, from tnoko to eat, alias cannibals of America. 
 Note; the mention of missionaries reminds me, that the- most 
 esteemed account of their labors, Is to be found in T. Smith's lliis- 
 tory and Origin of Missionarv Sociotie;-, Lond<jn, l.SSL 
 
 Boston, in 1G3S. had but iwo licensed inu'J, and upon u straui^Ku* 
 entering either, he was sure to be followed by an olficer, to see 
 that he called for no more than he could carry soberly away. This 
 City has just increased its own representatives io fi ft tj- six, notv ith- 
 standlng its alreadv prodigious stalt: ?eij;islature, nearly trebling that 
 of congress. To guard against (ire. xju buddin;^ can nov\ be elected 
 here, except a shed, unless it be of stone or bnck, and covered in 
 with slate or tile. The colony of Massachusetts Bay l>eing a hard 
 word, was intliose times called the Boston colony. This Bostonlau 
 valuation ol themselves (ol) differs materially fronv that of their 
 forefutJiers, who, wl.en subiect to England, and dieir places t>f 
 publii' worship scarcely a third of \\hat they now are. would com- 
 monlv collect, after divine service on Sundavs, from oClOOO to 
 >5£130t(, upon an ordinary orrasion of benevolence ; such as firewood 
 :n w uuer for the necessitous poor. A place o^ pubhi; wors.h:p i'ox 
 liie ifisane, has just been erecied at \V;!cester, (Lj9i in this state, 
 called the Massachusetts Lunatic Chapel ; and according to their 
 own showing, is wonderfully suicessful; I'M) regularly attend, but 
 200 can be uccommodaicd. ThisdltTifuI aliliction is making fearful 
 progrcsjs in the States. A kindixd society itt Philadelphia has just 
 started a magazine for the blind ; each number consists of eight 
 larg(; p 'gos, printed in raised type on parclinient paper. Peopling 
 tht.u' liiuatic asybwns is laid at tnc door of their strajign and nume- 
 rous tli •ologi.'.a! doctriuFS, an excelhtit rintidote t*.< vvhicli iS Moses 
 Stuart's valuable commentary on tlie Hebrews, pubhahed at Ando- 
 ver, Massacliusetts, 1827. 
 
 c 2 
 
80 
 
 Ml3«fKLLANEOlT3 ARTICLES. 
 
 Walking down Broadway, a a oliicle of this doscription passed 
 me, ^42) and was hailod by a hnndsomely dressed mun of color, 
 evidently a stranger. The driver pulled up, and descended to open 
 the door, liefore discoverii.j^ the complexion of Ills new fare; but 
 the moment he di;l so, turned upon I'ini with a vrdley of the foulest 
 epithets, for presaniuig to a seat in the same ooacli with American 
 gentlemen ; and closed his onslaught of abuse, by divers lashes of 
 his whip on the person '^ftlui stranj^-er, very much to the fsatisfaction 
 of the bystanders, and loud a})proval of his passengers. Such an 
 act, in any j>art of Europe, would not only have endangered the 
 personal saf:'ty of the actor, but. been most severely punished by 
 the authorities. 
 
 The sole business at fMiffalo (a few write it Buffalo^) in which 
 pe place of jiuff", gangs of forg(;rs, forty strong, are apprehended (?) 
 — or rather detected, which iiere does not imply the former — at a 
 time, was shaving English travellers, as 1 presently saw, and liad 
 confirmed to me by residents; on a lack of whom they then turn 
 round and shave one another. From the countless (!e[)redutors of 
 all sorts that have been lately unmasked here, and for its vilely 
 immoral scenes too infamous to be named, 1 should hope, for the 
 honor of human nature, that it will soon be known only as tlie city 
 of desolation. On a recent occasion, all the constahles of Lockport, 
 reighboring Buir;do,were so implicated witii the makers and passers 
 of bad money, that they had to [)tocure other ofHcers to apprehend 
 the delinquents. The king of their connterfeiters, Malborne Briggs, 
 recently died in the States Prison, aged 75 ; of his eight sons, 
 seven were constant inmates ot the same abode ; two oniv stirvive 
 him. New York banks, with country ones as well, or foundations 
 of sand, are notorious for these practices, 2 per cent, per month 
 being their eisiest shave. B^ an official inspection of sixty-three 
 bank vaults, in the city and state of New York, they contained under 
 a quarter of a million Iii specie ; wliich, however, was considered 
 so prodigious a sum as to merit public unnouncemoit. Their 
 ffimous banks in Middlesex and at Watertown, by som*; oversight, 
 were not included in ttiis list; but luckily so for them, since the 
 whole amount of the precious metals in r'.ieir coffers, as came out 
 afterwards, comprised one dvllar and n hdfj'xha f )rmer, and a small 
 handful o'i cents o\\\y in tlie latte/ ! Wh(;n their bankers compute 
 cents in pence currency, ihey allow lilO for 00 pence: one penny 
 currency being equal to three-fifths of a ])enny sterling. Circum- 
 stances very like those of congress in I7b0, who then issued two 
 hundred million dollars in bills, vvh.ch so depreciated their currency, 
 as to make it stand at forty of paper to o!ie of coin, which rapidly 
 descending Ui a thousand for one! it diopt silently out of circula- 
 tirn. I have seen piles of this astounding issue, in the shape of 
 $"50, $10, and $100 bills, but of no more value than the paper on 
 whxh they were printed, aiid unanswerable evidence as to republican 
 
MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES. 
 
 91 
 
 
 I 
 
 4 
 
 I 
 
 Itoncsiy. One of these 7ag^ institutions h<is just contrived to cajole 
 some l^ondon capitalists out of a loan for a million sterling, remitted 
 in {^oIJ. A moonshine railroad was got up at Pittsburgh, not one 
 foot of which has been, or was ever intent^ :d to bo laid down, but 
 elaboriite!)' spociilod by the printer a' j paper-maker, and a ron^- 
 dcntial ag'ent despatched to England to disjjose of shares; this he 
 presently did to the tune of a million sterling; which emboldeTied 
 nim to double the fraud, by borrowing aiiother million on the same 
 valuable concerii. This account is taken from their own writers, 
 who .so far from betraying any shame, or the shadow of reproof, 
 hail it as a mast'ustroko of Yankee contrivance. Their acknow- 
 ledged debt due to England for railroads and canals alone, touches 
 upon $200,000,000! Another agent of these sandy concerns, had 
 no sooner got home from England, with j£2,000,000 of her money, 
 than himself and party originated the foulest a.^pei-sions against the 
 land and its people — of those they had defrauded. Hence, now 
 many thou&ands of my countrymen have bitter cause to regret their 
 blind dulialioti of America, and to reproach themselves for the rash 
 precijiitancy of their confidence, in trusting their substance to these 
 illustrious revivers of John Law's bubbles, projector-general to 
 Louis XV". whose IHe and public humbugs, thougli interwoven with 
 the private ones of that nionarch, yet appeared separately at Lon- 
 don, 3 791, furnishing excellent lessons to the unwary, and warnings 
 to swindlers. Be it known, ihat in this region of liberty (!!!) there 
 is no law to reach, much less power to punish, the fraudulent and 
 unjust debtor. Road the following observation by one of their own 
 Kepublican authors (Brlsted) which were published at New York 
 during the rime quoted : "America has profiled in iuore ways thaa 
 one by Britisii cajjital ; that is to say, has grown rich, not merely 
 bv the amount and len^fth of credit which the merchants of Britain 
 have g'.von her, but also by her own ruimberless insolvents having 
 made it a point of conscience, never to pay a single stiver to a 
 British creditor. From the peace of J783 to 1789, the British 
 manufacturers did not receive one-third of the value of all the goods 
 which they sold their American customers ; and since the peace of 
 1SL2, up to the present hour, they have not received one-fmutJu 
 This horrible piracy upon Britlah property is supported, if not 
 created, by our system of state insolvent lav. s." 
 
 Who fostered these — in sooth buccaneering dealers as a people, 
 and made them what ihfjy now are, a nation, but the British ? one 
 half of who^e commercial trade being with England, we must 
 reoard the above-mentioned acknowledtrmeiits for her favors, as the 
 genuine effervescttnce of republicanism; since ever;y commonwealth 
 that has ilourished, from the deluge to nowabout, has more or less 
 proved to be a mere corpus vile i'c.v ascertaining how far the force 
 of ingratitude could go. This is glaring]^ exemplified amongst 
 themselves, as regards their first debt of forty million dollars, 
 
82 
 
 Afl»(;FLLANKOrS AltTICLES. 
 
 incurred during tlie rovolulionary war, vibicli, when lUe securities 
 for said debt, mainly iii.stfurnt'uiil in effectii)|L'' tlioir iiiJependence;^ 
 changed hands, heoanio of so little value, from their relusal to pro- 
 vide a menng for its disc'l)iir<20, a?- to rfulize l)ut one shilling in tlit? 
 pound! Tiie funding it. afterwards, iukI graduating tuxes for its 
 lii|uidation, hy the strenuous exerticMia of soine half dozen honest 
 men, headed by Wa&hington, produced those politieal j)artie9 
 amongst thein, which then and liave ever since so agitated the 
 country, tliat l)\it one opinion can oxit^t as to tlieir ultimate result. 
 A subiDct, 1 bolieve, u]lud':d to, though but sli^ht.ly, in Norihmore's 
 "Washington, or Liberty Restored, a poem in ten books," London, 
 1809. Hence we may learn, thai a war with England, as tln'y soon 
 discovered in their dustaidiy (^ne of ISl'^, would be any thuig but 
 profitable to the Auiericany ; for, to go no deep.;r into the .subject, 
 if a British fleet weif; to blockade the ports oi the south, and the 
 delta of the Mis.sissij)pi, what then would become of the sta[>le pro- 
 ductions of the Carolinas, with tf\(;se of Virginia, or the cotton and 
 sugar grown in the.MIs.sifjsippian rallies] — Note: the late Missis- 
 sipf)i L"gislature disc-overed that the " Literary Fund" of the State, 
 amounimg to $170,00(1, could neither be found nor accounted for 
 when wanted. The money fiad certainly disappeared, but to 
 ascertain vvliilber it had gone, bafilod all the authorities to disco- 
 ver. This sort of my 3lery, varied in magnitude, is of iVequ(!nt 
 occurrence through the whole of the slates. 
 
 Although the announcement of a hundred broken banks at a time 
 is 7iot unfre(juent, (54) still I do not remember to have seen a single 
 Englisli paper comment on or even notice the subject; butif;* 
 minor bank of ours close its doors, tlie journals of Columbia are 
 loud and virulent on the news, as if a national bankruptcy were at 
 band, though said bank may ultimately pay all demands, but of 
 which circumstance Jonathan, as it's no part of his system, takes 
 no notice. Of all the incw York city banks, the Manhatmn is the 
 firmest; and why? becaude worked with i>ritish capital, the Earl 
 of Caernarvon being the principal proprietor. Their own interest 
 should at least make Yankees grateful, but no, you can't tind this 
 rule in their arithmetic — for when they arc honest, and p:.iy John 
 ]5ull his borrowed capital, they iose sight altogether of allo\^ Ing hioj 
 6 per cent, for it, wliilst making at least thirty for themselves* 
 The annual amount of tao:ts levied by the corporation of New 
 York on its various companies, of which the bankers pay one half, 
 TS 8100,000 annually. The main difference of a bank failure in 
 England, and one in the vStates, is this, — the former declares a divi- 
 dend, and often pays in full ; but the latter does neither ; whilst its 
 notes are pounced on by brokers as a profitable means for shaving. 
 Note : the announcement of a fraudulent bank is as common as an 
 insolvent one ; indeed tlie latter genci ally implies the former, and 
 therefore creates no surprise. Tiie most expert shaver in this 
 
 I 
 
1 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES. 
 
 sd 
 
 ■1 
 
 'Jiiy, ris appeared on n late trial thcro, is Tomnle Fay, of Wall 
 JSlrof'i, who (liaving no fear of Dr. Lodoi's book hofon; lils eyes 
 entitlod 'An Alaruui to Usurors," 1084, and ofton fetcliinL^ 121,) 
 •on luarjin^ •57U<)0 lo a bu'ldor, modestly tliargou liini ^ti6l>4 for 
 doin<jj su. Now Vorkcrs try to persuade theni-ielvtjs tl.at 'lieir Wall 
 ♦Slrt'ot originated the common expression, whon a nian Inm ruined 
 hluinuli) ''' He's s(rme (if t/ic tmll." 
 
 -Most of rluiji leading journal have a. particular column sot apart 
 under die head '*Coii.nU rfvifas'' for announcing the doings of their 
 M 01 lilies ui the base uiotul and spurlouti paper line. O.n' thc^uxtaid 
 counterlijit .sovereigns, manui'acured in New Vo^k, have been 
 offeietl, at one time, fot sale in Wall Street. In reality, the gp;at- 
 ost cheek upon individtial paper money, is the iviw of forgery, 
 TIjus a preitj^ warm, l)ui o\ er-ttaching tradesman hero, putting <iut 
 this Sort of currency, nit knamed shin-plas/rr/i, was nearly ruine<l by 
 an over-i-sue of the oonirabanil article. In ihia they do i)ut imitate 
 the ancients, professing much admiration when (juoting t.iem for 
 evil, as, accorduig to iSolon, many (Jrccian cities adultera.ed th»'ip 
 coins. Dion tJassiiis relates of the li^mptjror (Jaracalla, tliat f(^r 
 gold and silver he put forth brass and leaden coins, cased with 
 gold or silver to conceal the framJ ; for'wliich he was indebted to 
 Ithonus, son of Deucalon kinf» of Thes?aly, who first discovered tlie 
 infusion of inelals atu] coining money ; whilst f)thers ascribe it to 
 Nnuia Pompilius, successor ol iiomulus, who it is certain first im- 
 pressed coins with an imago of himself, in substitution for bits of 
 leather and pieces of wood, then the current money of the country. 
 This gi'utlouan, an appellation hefltiing liim much better than many 
 of hi.i successors, also added January and February to the year, 
 until then consisting but of ten months. Forged bank notes were 
 circulated in China, long before paper-making was known in Eu- 
 rope. One insolvent house at New York paid Ji^l^O.OOO extra 
 shaving Interest, in its last year of business, exclusive of the regular 
 7 per cent, tlie legal interest in tiiis state, as 10 if^ in that of Louisi- 
 ana and some others ; bui in China, by all writers esteemed as a 
 wise and politic peo{>le, it varies from 12 to 18 per cent. A notary 
 of any practice iiere, made SI 00 a day by ])rotesting bills, ^luring 
 the foregoing revulsion of things, a good deal aggravated by the 
 general government, calling itself the only free one upon earth., 
 demanding specie iVom its debtors, ami paying its liabilities in, 
 depreciated bank paper. During these times, the keepers of 
 hotels gave clKuigc for bank bills, in their own notes, as low as 
 sixpence, payable^ in ediljles or drinkables to the bearers on demand. 
 By a tacit agreement, the presenter of a had one, as a che<;k upon 
 forgery, paid three times its alleged value, or was compelled to 
 drink a glass of salt water. Similar issues were made during 
 last war, and is a favorite Yani?.ee mode of extracting fortunes 
 fiorn the pockets cf tlie people. The very barbers now ha.v<c 
 
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84 
 
 MH«;iiLi.A\Eor;i» articles. 
 
 their sliln-plastcrs, wliuli fire thus vordnd, " This i.t ^ond for 
 a shuif.'* 
 
 In no country of the world, iia\i.' fttrgory anJ coining made sucii 
 rapid strides, as in this one, and ninst continue to do so, whilst the 
 inad«f»jiiar,y of their punishment is a premiutn on the oflence ; being 
 a [)a!ti-y fine of Julhirs for tin- Icirtcr, and an imprisonment of some 
 short duration on ilii; lorrner. JJicknell's ConnnerciHl Detector is 
 Tjnifortnly a sale gu'di', but so s^stcir'utic are fraudident praclires 
 beconne in New York, lliat a large edition of a "Counterfoil De- 
 lector" has been got up hy a conjpany of s\vindh:rs, m whicli cer- 
 tain institutions, icpre^ehtm^ij of eouiso their own, are therein 
 entered ns ji'tjod and solvent; so th.it, l>y way vi' nvanf coumr, 
 when their pap<T is presmti d, it may, ihroi]f:;h this nefarious strata- 
 gem, be received nithoui suspicion. History of the Huccaneers of 
 Americu, chips friwii th(.' -iunio l)h)ck as the preceding worthies, 
 trnnslated from the Du.'ch, and Cist appearing .it ljon(h)n in 1684, 
 Nva«3 written by one of the gang n;inied K^<jm.nialing. 
 
 Abohfion of imprisonment ior dei»t, (51) or Lynch law in tho 
 judgment seat, — in other words giving to one man by robbing 
 another, — does not pr«v(ul in Canathi ; and if we arc to ju.Jgc from 
 its I rtects in the Siaii.^, 'tis to be hoped that it m/ver will ; Ibr the 
 mob, who have every tiling io gain and nothing {.o lose, by innova- 
 tion, do not, h.ippily foraiJ, domineer in this country ; bur a mer( iful 
 enactment, comprehending all its proposcil advantages, w itli none 
 of its glaring incnnsisteucie'j, does, entitled " ()// thv liiuifs,'" which 
 answer to our rules of tho King's Bench an 1 Plet't Prisons. Mil- 
 lions of debt are annually sponged out in America, ];y the operation 
 of her insolvent laws, without the sponger being at all relieved 
 from his embarrassments, or the country itself in a be'ter condition: 
 this alwdvs lias been and ever \\ ill be the rof-ult, when the relief 
 aflfbrdcd is groundeil on injustice. I never krmw a case, nor heard 
 of any one that did, wherein a rr.an in)})rov(?d either his cirrnm- 
 stances o- his reputation, by piissing through the Insolvent Court, 
 techiut:all^ called lihitcirashivij: ''iimnclf. Uut as if this were not 
 enough against the simple and conrtdiiig creditor, f«jr the most part 
 ruined by these speculutive cnactm»'nts, imprisonment for debt is 
 now abolished through tho Union. But thi.s does not extend to 
 foreigners coming in or settling amonji'st lliem, which shows the 
 real selfishness and character of the mesisure. I'risons were never 
 erected for honest men, and the (Jebtor who is really so, need not 
 remain in one a single lionr : though the fashion now is, to legislate 
 for, and to hear but one side — accordingly the debtor is, bevoml all 
 comparison, an injured man, and the creditor, as inferentially an 
 overreaching one. As the minds of mea, from the spread of demo- 
 ralizing principles, are now constitui'Hl, remove a tear of the law 
 or tho dread of a piison, from before their eyes, and how many, 
 think ye, would pay a just debt, or avoid running into onel 
 
Misi KLi.AM:or.s vimci.ra. 
 
 85 
 
 Congress — anioiisjst whom it is now txpecli.tl tliat. iln rn will ho 
 loss talking .inJ niuro (I'ling, us tlie hraiuly shcip.i uiuiur tluiir capitol 
 arc al)out breaking up — an* projerilng tuws ti- roytrict the suU; of 
 Innds to ai;lual soltlfrs Dating tlieir last cMra session o4 six 
 monlhs, in whicli lliey did little or ncllniig tl«*: l<ur talk to aiii.l at 
 orio unoiInT, the icicnibi.'rs must Imvi; iiuuic a good ihiiig ol :t, at 
 eight dollars a day rach lor Wigfs, licsides t-i^lil (Jullars i'or cvjiry 
 t\v«My miles, going and comiiig Irorn their n spcolive hoinrs ; 
 many, under this h»;ad alone, received oOO dollar.'-, when the uctual 
 COM to lluinselvei did not exceed tlorlij. Tuo of those honorable 
 legiislators, in aforesaid se«sion, repan'oig one tlay t.o their duties at 
 the capitol, met another, in Penrsylvania Avenue, ntternpiinir t' o 
 same oltjeet, Imt so overlonded with julrpx of the morning, as to 
 stagger under tin* weight of tlu;tii: wlicn lakiritj hitn into a tavern, 
 ont^ treated him to an extra julep, wi)!lsf the ..ilier waler<'d a ahert 
 offuoisciap on his hack, which, on toddling iiti«» the aveinie', exhi- 
 bited in two inch character-, the phicanj of " />a//A«,n'«.'(/ (.'<>»«/.«." 
 
 Rumor and \m\[X are loud in their rc.'port of the ^ucceasful, but 
 never deign a glance on the rumcd speculu'nr, td' wliom 'here a:o 
 hoait-rending evidences a'l over tlie Utjion ; led off by the faduro 
 of some of the hrst Imjses m New OrleoFis, for an amount exreetling 
 $1'20,0(>0,000 ; whuli is nearly doubled m New Vr)ik, iiu lu(iitig, 
 amoni; u iithets, i:S •iv'^d companies for as many indlioiis. 'lliey ure 
 now ci)mbiMip'' all their eneru'ies to relieve ihemMdves from llll^^ 
 oisas'.er, by saddling it upon others; .John l)ull, as usual, hnving 
 been already favored with seven millions slerhnu, with a glimpse, 
 in the back-ground, ofsliil further indulgence. Tla re ap[)oars to 
 be little of that, nn o sense of intri:riiy hero, wh.ch distinguishes' the 
 mercantile tranBactioits of other ci>untrics; if wo cxcej>t a few 
 honest merchants at New York, who, it is well known, wenj actu- 
 ally obliged to ship their specie payments, for meichancii/e bonghi 
 of England, stealihily by riight, that they rn.pht not l)e etopt by 
 the authorities, or seized on by the mob. Jtinglisfimeii begin to 
 cool down, and tirne that they should, in their admiration of ro- 
 pidilics ; having already leaned .14 millions to the Columbian 
 unmaculat* s, farther ahead, without a cliatice of seeing!; principal or 
 interest again; saying nothing cd their honest l>on onc:^ in tlio 
 Peninsula, besides a. tew other wortliie.s, of the vox j'oj/uh ord_»*, 
 else whore. 
 
 .Fust before tlie preceding outbreak in their commoroial wotld, that 
 a babe might have foreseen, and of which not a tew, more long-head- 
 ed than the rest, availed themselves, a Scotchman made $7c»,<)U0 },y 
 a Prairie spec, in Illinois, and Mr Whitney tfoOO.Ont^ for some land 
 on the west side of Fox River, opposite to CJr* en Hay, previously 
 costing him titentt/ ilollarn ! Tl.etiabout Mr. Ha-ing received half 
 a million dollars for lands in Pennsylvania, which slioi-tly bei'ore he 
 had offered in vain for S6000. Foreigners may hold propeity in 
 
86 
 
 MISCUI I.ANCOIS ARTICLKS. 
 
 tills Star wiiliout. i•l•lln<|lJi^lllllp alli.'plani.o to tlu.'ir own coiinlrv, or 
 rlian^irifi flieir P'^iduiicf. This i-, w ^^•a^ llie samo in M.iiiic, Nt-vv 
 llaMij).<litr(,', V'ur.iKMif, Nf\v \vr\\, \'ii:;mia, iIhj CaIulina^*, and 
 (^-ofjiia. As a rtol-(»tr to those U.iul-sellii!g wonders, a man down 
 fast, It IS said, {;ave anothi^r a d(ili:.r an aero lu lukc a tfjwi.ahip oil' 
 Ills hands; and as a lurlhor indncontcnl, dirt'V. ni tu o Tnuiintai'js, 
 four nvors, s!\ [lotidti, and ten s'^amps. Thf rcad-T will iloubilcss 
 construe liiis thinllam in arioihi r v, ay to what ho would that ol a 
 I'orsiin grarnmttr, with a V^lCHi>ularv m Enirlisli uiid I'crsian, lo he 
 ri.',i:',ulat«?d 1)^ ih( Puis'.an .liara-Mt.r, jaddi^lunl at Dath, J J'/b, wnln-iit 
 a I'ersian clinracU-r Ix in-jf it. she \vii(dcb')uk! C'lTlainlv a ;i«;w 
 way cd l.(.'a(•i^ln^ a iliirig ; r.Mnj)aiui»h' to the novtd teem lor paternal 
 instriulion, iti llddor's <V////i';4'(i/ Counsel, cotnpo.^od <\\piessly tor 
 the use of his uwn thihlfn. 
 
 When lookinsj; in upon ilie Ni w Voik slate lepi.>>latu;'o. then in 
 Mes>io:i ut A!')ar:y, 1 was (|nit" amused at the zeal with which they 
 coj)ied the fornin and usaL'es of the I'nfish Parliauiciil ; which, at 
 uny other time, lii«'y as /.(.'{donsly aHect w de.spise. »Sain Swipes, 
 relader oi' gin-.^'inJLT atal hot t<iddy, is no .sooner h;^t!d<Mnaln(d to a 
 «eat witiiin its r'a])if.oj — vaji'f.ol ! — llian he is ini tanmrphosed int 
 the Konora !e Sanniii .S\i|)es. l'J.->(jiiiio, .Senatoi 
 
 jM 
 
 au'strate, anc 
 
 1 
 
 Merchant. In the same way, Tim I'iil, dispens-r id' drugs by iho 
 scruple, Irom out a store almost reachinj^ om^ dollar stock, on bcinj^ 
 be(:a|)iioled, thenceftu-ward becomes the lIotiors^iiK,- and t^i'/ficil 
 Doctor Timothy Piili I'Jsqut'/>', ]'hyfician, Aci.T-uf.lienr-l!^xi;.iurdi- 
 iiaire, and Memlur of all the principal rnedico-chiruriiiro societies 
 
 in America! dc-pitc his nevt.-r having seen a rol'<. •:,'<■, oven a 
 
 Yankee oiiO. save its oat.''.ide walls; ntn* knowing hi.- own language, 
 let alone any other. Tmt as (pia' kery '.n every thn;^ rides rampant 
 in the S(a!e'5, we must w uiide;- at noileng bhoit ol' deity and unracle. 
 The soverei^'ii peopli; of \ ank(H>dand, have carried the t.'ifatru-.al 
 e/i'.'orc into iheir lej.-^islativR assembliew; a Mr. (..'hilton, of V'ieks- 
 bur<:;h, after making a late speech in the Missouri le<.'islature, was 
 oblif^ed to repeat it, by comrnanfl ot't'ielr n .>Jest;cs th<.> ni(>b, then 
 crowding its capuol. — a name sti-eped in blocKl, as its derivation 
 from Caput Toil or hrad of Tohis will show. I'pon digging the 
 i'oundaiions ol" this vast edifice- at lu»nu , ihe head of a tnan named 
 Tol»s was found, which on exposure to thu an-, bled prufustdy at 
 
 tl 
 
 le r.ose 
 
 ihonir 
 
 J interred many vears. 1' tom t'lis citoiuiK^taiice 
 
 ' *■' 
 
 the 
 
 budding took it^ name. It was erected by Tanpilnius Supt rbus, a 
 tnonsler who, to attain sovereign power, murdered his fatlun'-indaw, 
 «.bell<;^d bv his wife TuHin, a she-wolf, who drove in her ehariot 
 over the bh.'ediriLT bodv of !•(!!• till, or' and di'stuned her lirsi bus- 
 band to marry this his brother Tar(pjiiiiua, •who hud pre\ iously 
 inupdered his own wife, the younger sister of Tuliia, to obtain the 
 earne end ! Facts that must render the name (d' Capitol odious in 
 ■the sight of every one having a particle of Mliai revercuco in hi« 
 
MIM'KI.I.ANI'.OIS AWTIt LF.8. 
 
 S7 
 
 iiHtnrP. llosiilos wliicli, its aj)[);i':'jvii()n to a huiMinL; I'M* U'^isliitivo 
 or loivnsic pur])os<.'"<, is I'lirflir'rinnri' nii))io|)«'r, iiiut-iiiut h as it was 
 originally «I»!(1hm!(!J to flu- scrvic»i vi' t|i(> ^'o*!?, liuvuii,' nn .(lii;i lU 
 walls ilinM." <li.stinct t('rn|)los to Jupitor, Juno, aiul Minerva. 
 
 A |ouin(>yiimii printer in Mr. Poulson's oliice, I'liiliiili-lpl-ia, is a 
 strikinv- in:fiitn(;o of lliid versatility of AmtMi^'^in chai acter aiid ru)- 
 j»lovincnt. nj.S) When ot' atre, he Itin it to b>".;ouie .•^la^fo-vl: i' cr, 
 aviu afterwunls a j-cillnr. He next luriKM stliooirnasicr in New 
 JorRoy, siil)st,'(|uently blustered n.s <;a{)taii» of -i l)uck Ui\ci' slooj) ; 
 then uliiinau,'ly re^mncJ his occupativ)n ai (lie |m\"ss. In IS-U) Ik? 
 was ()}1iciaiiiio a« a nu'iliodist preuefur in \ irj.'!nia; nrni soon atii;r 
 l>«3caniea teacher ol J\ii)nali j>aMiiin«j: and pcMiiiati'ilnp at I'ltisbviri^h, 
 His next st^irl \\as that t)f\Joclor of" physie, pructisin|: the 'I'henip- 
 soniaii !,y:i\.am of iiiedirinu in (Juernst^y, Ohio. To this l"n;ak 8ne- 
 ceeded iho ''ditorshin of a piiper in Kentucky; vhich, in its turn, 
 jzavt; vNuy to tlu? .snperintcndunco of a ladies' stliool at Lou'.t.vi]le : 
 finally, sotllmg dowi a?, a furiiier, he is nosv |i|_Miiiiig i.i tl • State of 
 Tonessee a.-§ a politician, and rtiiUin!^ in its legislature on the UMjal 
 topics of that chaiHCtrr. 'I'heir orruii'Mit Judge Lewis, ol Lyeorning, 
 Pennsylvania, or. finally a ioumeyrnan printer, is wot less distin- 
 guished ior the diversity of lud iornie' avocations. His adventures 
 huve travelled f:xr and wide, when u Yankee [ledlar or I'loken down 
 seller of patent ploughs, wooden lnoad axes, ditto nutmegs, birch 
 leu, horn gun llin's, and O'ickoo clocks. Mo>^t, ol those eliifks* {l».'i) 
 as a lure, wore < rnaninnlcd with a cuckoo; hcfnce the name; the 
 silliest of all birdt* of passaire, not even excepting the ]»ooby, which 
 arriving an^ionj^st us the U'j^'inning of April, the first of that rrKuith 
 is tliereforcj called /(/'jKi'-day. See another accouni in my Maujul 
 f, '^rthoepy, pa^e 4. liy the way, this bird is so foolish as not lo 
 have an exclusive nest ; eifjo the word cucl<>ld as applied to thi-sc 
 men whoso wives arc untrue. 
 
 These courts (lt)4) Ijavo as repeatedly decided also, that tlieir 
 coachnieii are equally respotisible for iheir own conduct to the pas- 
 sengers ; a hint that 1 trust v\ dl not be lost upon thi'se independent 
 Jehus. A t'riend perchanctt entering the ►"Supreme Court at lUiHido, 
 found throe odd-looking men in ])lain clothes, bandying one another 
 as counsellors and barr.sters, addressing sinmltaneously two others, 
 alike distinguished, sitting cross logged, in a free pot-house loll, at 
 a neck-and shoulder ehnation nbove them, ^^•holn they digiiifed by 
 the name of judges. One of these barrister counsellors, ^vith a voice 
 of the Niagara-Fall order, insititing on his own ca.se taking prece- 
 dence, the albresnid personages jJenonuiiated judges, tirst, fortifying 
 lliomselv(;8 with a liberal supply of tobacco, iOiijolntly assented, in 
 the new term — so at least to every lOuropean bencli — ol' " Uolil on." 
 If at any time attempting to amend those t»utr>iiies uu the decenciea 
 of deoornir. by an overstrained assumption of simplicity and mild- 
 ness, the veriest dolt presently detects it as sheer afl'ectation ; too 
 
88 
 
 MI.SCF.LL.V MUU ^< AnTICLF.S, 
 
 ) 
 
 I 
 
 tj)iuh in (liarac'?r jf Paj) wiili t}u> llHtchnt, or (]o'\ng a civil thing 
 in ail uritivii miiniur. T]u-> sort wt' f»<.'rit.ry wf.ulJ liavt- had hut u 
 short tiiii.? (jf it ill tlie »!iii{>inr ul" J'l.tcr tli.- Ciicit. w Iin, whrn in 
 Loiulon, sairl that he wus not awart- of having more than four 
 hiwvers in his (h)niniions, nud when ho {fot homo it was his intei.lion 
 to fiantr iww of them. — Tavhtr's Law (ilossarv of tho Latin and 
 otli«:r lanouRfrct) iMlC'rj>j)er:>e<i in BUu kijionc's C'oTiitnejuarics, appea:-- 
 \u^ in L(jn(h)n (■Ikm-iI)' cinte, ]^ a wry exoclK-nl peifoniiauco, and 
 especially adapted for those not in the profession, 
 
 Li additi(jii to tJu.'se rnnntless procerie-', or rather [^ro^rgenes, 
 (75) the t.uM n and conntrv uhoiintl in jvrivate oiies, at which .spirits 
 arc sold in tin luliof, hy the loot, to eviide the license; a yard and 
 a hairi.ieini( coiijudered a prop<M dose fur a soaker. These demo- 
 ralizing re.-^uits from intoxiuatioii (70) more dinMul hnre than in any 
 other country, owe their existence to the American's suh.stitution of 
 distilled for fermented lii]uor.s. in the inn yyiw.'r plac(\'5, segars. the 
 erci' .tiyiiinn uf a Vunkee, arc known in the tiame vl (ajus: tiiose 
 I'roin ILivanna were introduced circa 17(ii^. American txinperance 
 
 amphleli' ore imported mic» Eniifland, at the instance of Mr. 
 
 Juckinp'harn, <:luty free. There is a prodigious hu« and cry amongst 
 these pi.'oplo, iniemiiug-led with many getting? up for effiect. 
 Public pledgers of ]i<juor abstmenct^, or according to their own 
 plirase, Tcrfofii/icrs, are continually detected as private tippltM? of 
 strong vau-rs: Iwsidt'S an inveterate habit of calling ihuigs by their 
 wrong iHUTie, Tims calling for beer, when they mean cordials ; 
 and supplying themselves with gin and brandy, under the soubii.juct 
 of cider or wine ; whilst tlie grocer, alias kee[)er of a bar, hand^ to 
 his temperance custon:ers a preparation of whiskey puuv h or St. 
 Croix rum, conceale'i by the cognomen of Malaga or M.i.h'ira. 
 The temperance medals vorn by tho.se worthies, supposed gilU 
 from the socirty, are \..ritab!y bought by tl'e.nselves at sixporxe 
 each. Certain sage New York tem|)(M-anco leaders contenijdate 
 putting a stop there to boys playing at marbles, because tending, 
 say they, to a lo\e of gaming! Clear-ev<.-ci and [)roionnd cuiginals! 
 eveiv whit as much so as those cle^■e^, but never teli-us hov.-thev- 
 doit hiatoriaris, who set tire to marble buildiitgs, and burn down 
 stcme walls 'J'hey will, m the end, hnd this to be a n -stuke very 
 similar to thai of their New England ancp.stors, about blackbirds — 
 that they de:5tri>ved iheir corn : which Itroutiht on their sieedv 
 destruction : whereupon a species of woiin, tlie chief Jbod oi said 
 birds, sprang up in such quantities, as to do much greater dan)ago 
 to their grass, than had ever ]>efore bceri done to tin ir corn. The 
 French, L'aliai'S, and (lermans are not given to intemperance; '^nd 
 why % Simply, that their res[)ective govermncnls carefully provide 
 places of raluuial amusement for the people, 'i'he Americo (ler- 
 mans — nMjuiring, formerly, from the Philudelphians, of those amongst 
 tlioin keeping stores, that they should wTilo the names of their 
 
MlSCELT.A.VKolH AUTILIJ:?;. 
 
 80 
 
 firtns ai-.(l fni'los In fiorinan iiiid l''n'.;l;.<li — thoniih soMfvm nMa«:k«>(l 
 I'V sattrt!, «3.i liot «.'iiiin.'iv (.'scai»o it, inv w lu'ii. diintii: AJ.ifis' stru"* 
 gie With .liif.ksdn. vnnif one, to injiiro him with \\9 Pfniisylvaniiiii 
 t If-clors, set Uj> a n-port that ho had nrirricJ a Jad^'liier vi Ueorj^e 
 III. ami he was abnuf. to coiitriulict it, a IVitiiJ said "Ni»; jou 
 don't know tliese peoj^h; ; fhry l>elif ve all fhinps, and unlxlifjvc 
 Jiothin^. liC't I'leni !<Mpp()-«i that you married a daughter of 
 Ge:)rge 111. ; but be sure to add, tfiat Jacks nj married two." 
 
 \\ hoii teefotalisrn (properly tf^rtlotalism. nie;imng a bever'igf 
 weak a'ld -iiniple a** it-a) ;ij)pp;ired at Nrw Vork. where every rhiiig 
 new i."^ i.jjtop 'iir the day, and was tirst broached arriotiijst ii*. labor, 
 cr.-?, who were acrnstoiintl, in hoi weather, to dilui.' tlieir drirjking 
 water wu'i a .«li;.'hl TniKlure ofapirit, fo diveal it of"dariiri^i"--on be- 
 rorniri^ roiiverts to iht* new doctiiiie, which w holly f.»' l»ude if, n)aijy 
 fell vic'ttns >) their eoiivcrsion. Teatolalisin ilu're'.poTi tell into 
 disrppiiie. Si.Ntt-en in one day have be(!U sj'cn to drop <b)wn dead 
 in the streets of New Vork, (iom drinking cold water in the hot 
 season. l»;id well anil other water predoniinute in America, and 
 donbtlt'S:* or'.ji^mate many oi' ilioso diseases to w iii< h ir:< innabaants 
 ar' liaidc. The water ol' \t!W Yoik .1 IWij nd so intolerable, a*? to 
 pn>duce coniniotions within me threatening a n?voluiion : and vet, 
 such Is the ( ipiduy of its people, that iiolwiihsiatidnig pretty good 
 may b» b>'ou^ht, at no i^hmxI "xpense, Irom a tew miles beyond ti)e 
 city, stiil it is ; ot done, thoijirh talked iboiit, but (hi-! costs nothing. 
 Therj is onls uiie tjleruble wvW mi the whole town (Pearl Street), 
 from wKich, ^^ ith a draught of but thrt.e feet water, hundreds of 
 lio^sheads »iiay be drawn ni a tune, without abaiini^ that depth. 
 Ihe water of the Missi^sii'pi, on its juncti>)n with the Missouri, 
 ]»ecorrp$ «;o muddy, that a sediment of one inch is contained in a 
 balf pint tumbler! nevertheless it ic? considered salubrious and well 
 flavored, very cool at the warmest season of the year, and may be 
 drunk witiiont dangfer in a state of perspiration. Vide Joutel's 
 A''oyage to the Mississijipi, liOndon, 171 1 r likewise 0«rilby's iblio 
 ^vo'•k, appearing'' in 1()71, and (;ntitled " America." .Sehoolci.ift's 
 Travels to the Source of tiie Missi-sippi F^iver, and his view of the 
 Lead Mines of Mi»?souri, one published 'n Albany, the othtT at New 
 Vork, should bu taken up in the same way that the atisuer u>iven 
 by Dr. .Johnson to Mr. J>(;swell im(tlie3, on bein;^ asked whether ho 
 should read Duhaldo's History of China, — "Why yc;-, as one reads 
 such a book : that is to say, ( ouault it." 
 
 The Mississippi water tlilfers materially from that of the C'arib* 
 liean Sea, which is so transparent, that tish and coral, tufts and 
 thickets of seu weed, may be discerned at a depth of sixty fathoms ; 
 further sliown in O'lieilly's Voyage to Davis's Straits, in the sum. 
 mer of 1817, that a certain reviewer, not over merciful m his de- 
 nunciations, is pleased to pronounce "One of the most barefaced 
 
90 
 
 Mi.4rf?i r.ANF.Ofs 4Krirl,p.«, 
 
 attcnipffl iit iinposiiioTi wliiciil'aH occurred to ua iti the svliole courst^ 
 ui' our Inetnry \,i\>orb." 
 
 Tlujir fri<>ifi()<l of croatini^ a properly in hotels of tl>c first class, 
 voulil Iju il<;om( (J extraor.iijiiry in any otli»>'r country. Thus, as 
 may l)C cXL-fuplitteJ tA Jlolr'.s m\ou niory folly, (r>T) n sort of club 
 erect a sumptuous oiliHcc, osttiuwihly at tiicir own, but actually al 
 other pewplo's exjiftise : which furniaiiing 8plon«Ji«ily lu the SJ^tno 
 ^^ ay, ilirow it open fur a s»?as(»n, j)aying nobody the while; U.ou 
 bo»:onie insolvent, and with aj)pareiit fair dealing, br:.if^ all to tho 
 Ijanwner: bat erjuinve, a Wu"l wD understood here, that a confo- 
 dorato s!iul! iiot only buy, but that too at a song, auvl so realize an 
 estate at a fraction of its value. Holt's cost, building and furnish, 
 ing, ^C300,000, but (111 his iailuie shortly after openu)^', t-old iri one 
 lot, 'or less than f60,00(). i^ence the prevalence ol these Mam- 
 moth caravansaries : taverns bintja: the handsomest buildings in 
 America, and their chapels usually of the barnstable order, garit^hly 
 white within, and ^larin^ly rrA without, excepiing those of the 
 J^apti'^ts, whir-li exhibit tf.e lar j^e and lofty attributes of the I:]ngliiih 
 chu'ch. 'I'lit; .•\sior liol'.'l, an exc( j)U'Ui t(i the foregoing rule, just 
 completed by the iminonaire of that nain«', (:22."») though said to 
 take j^lOOC daily, is; not a hit; thijugh the shop part only of the 
 buihiinir pro(bi<.e> :i. rental of ?J(i,00'J a yt-ar: steam power in this 
 hirge c'lur.rrn draws 10,(K)0 gallons of water per day, distributing 
 It to nil parts of the house ; besides performing culinary operations, 
 it washes and nons the linen, is chumbermaid, coU'ec. grinder, scub 
 lion wench, and boots — perffU'med by Vvory's ilotatory Engine, 
 usmg •■*] of luel every 12 hours Jjighting up the house witli gas 
 costs S-'i'iU monthly. This entire est .blishmont has bt'cn sold, it 
 is said, b\ Mr. As>')r, to his son, for one dollar, a kind of sale not 
 imfrecpjent liorc, but unackn'uvledjjed by the French law. Uush- 
 lon, tho sodaist, foi- a shoj) only on its baseiueiit, pays the small 
 rent, or people's tax, of S20iM) anriually : a subject well illustrated 
 in the Cromwc!! H'ra, which levied yearly on the peoplo, seven 
 limes more taxes than tliev had ever paid before ; and as strikingly 
 exhibited in ancient Konif, where the expense of living was ten 
 times greatei than in rnodein London ; whiisl. one of its Diost noted 
 cut-throats and robbers, miscaile<! heroes and coiujuerors, had to 
 pay its fraternising citi'/^ms, for the land only whereon to build his 
 linuse, the r(jrj.S67rn/yi^/'' sum of ci'10(\000 ! 
 
 Uftnuneiation to parliamentary members, previously rescinded 
 by our sovereigns, was restored luider Cromwell, each olits (hen 
 i)lC) members receiving £\ weekly during session, which, after 
 being punned by Colonel I'ride, whohad at one time been drayman 
 to a brewery, wont by the name of "Colonel Pride's drag horges." 
 The song« and epigmnis against the rump parliament of this usur- 
 per, Ibrmmg two volumes, were the production of Alexander 
 
MIW'Blf-AVrors ARTfrLKfl, 
 
 91 
 
 ten 
 
 )ted 
 
 to 
 
 his 
 
 i.led 
 men 
 liter 
 an 
 
 jur- 
 
 Ider 
 
 Broine, the poetic loyalist oi' tKat j)tMi««d. Tlie Ii-'-tu rump, tho 
 ori«;in of'ilieir niajt'StieH tlio tTUih^ ln'rafn«» sul)»»'t|U»nitlv an nlijt'ct of 
 thfir cIcnsuMi, by Imrnitig rumps of b''f, »Uf*jnMi(K*(l l>y t'lains fVoni 
 a f^aliow .«. ]\>- v,1m» ni!t . I'lmiicr to huvi- ;iny ()uiilni« iijiun liiis 
 f<iil»|i (t, sliCMiM rcatl \\ .'ilk«.'r'.«* History oi' IiidiiirtnU'iM e, su) poMil 
 auilinr oT flic op|>r(«l)ii<)U> nickname itt' " Tlic IJiitnp," \\lu> havinuf 
 lost n lar-4;o l«>rtmn^ ni w li.it, he iinuizint'd to Ik- ton'Siiiutioji.il lihcrty, 
 is thereloic; .in uns.isp'rioiiy < hroiiu liT ol iis uci-« ; ajul in.' will tlu'ii, 
 1 coiinH'liire, not h.'ive tho vorirst partirli! of th.it (pialiii h It. 'I'hfbO 
 tlosirojis ol' ohlainiiifj Inlarniution ou tin,' paity ti.Tin tiounilhrtifLi, 
 muv <!o >n li\ consultinu' " An e.xarl I)cHrri|)tion ot n HiUinrllK^'Kl 
 oi' u Loi'i;lu';i'l .'*>li!ii^'-poll," London, iOl'i. with ilivers sunilar 
 ixitnpiileis in tin* Itrifish MiiM-nni, Ij^s (lUfii.t, or tin; I'tfi^nrs, 
 "^'Hf* liic iminr 'is.'ii^iir.l to or assmniefi l»y tlio first rovi.)uti(>r;i«t-i of 
 }lollarnl .' of tlni same rharpcter as tho Ijazurnni, or 1« proiJ» he^'frars 
 of Xiip' 's. The Protostaiits of l<'ranci» hu<I at lir!<t many names, 
 •which \ilriniat»ly «etlh;d down to thai of Tlusjueunfs, from liidln<^ 
 tiienHolvoii in secret, places, aii<l appcarini'' at nij^lil, like Krn^ 
 Hugo, thxt ronowTMHl hci)(»(»|)rrfi of Kriin«'c.' S(»c atiofJuT iittonnl in 
 Minimal of Orihoepy. paj^o Xi. The two lerm.s coined in the de- 
 nioiiiuciil FreiKh revolution of 171M), were Arl.stnci'if^M, the wealthy 
 and [)o\vrrlhl. and Savs-i'vlnff ('.<}, or the po(ir and nrrfly. 
 
 .J(,>n«tliun would nc>t ii:ivf etit'ctod his indoptMidonte 1<UL for tho 
 assistatu e ol i^oiii.« of Fianr»*, which he tcndfM-ed not out of any 
 regard for hijn, hut to in)iire Enj,i^iand ; anil bitterly he paid for his 
 treachery toward:^ her, hv afterwards losing his own life on tha 
 RcaHoJii, and delii']fiti^ r.urope w i(h ."juch sceiir.s of I)lo(id and liorror, 
 that tiieir very i-etrospo.ti'.D nial;os oik; siindder. J'he lives of the 
 prominent (haracter.n u) tlrs dire ciitastrophe, were published in 
 London, and j!ubse«juenfly at Pans, but as the [)romoters of anar- 
 chies and tro.'i.'ons m that Me.ssahni m c'tv wnvv not yet .'^idliciciitiv 
 glutted with the atrocitie.< of th<^ p^i^^'i hut lay eoiichanl id their lair 
 jfor re-enuctPiLj thctn hereafter- — v/ere very (piickly siij»pri'ssed, 
 beranae com in}];' too near the husk, 
 
 h'urther notice of these rnatiers is to lie found in I'etil's " J)iaro- 
 very of tho Villanios j)ractis(^d by ih«j Fanatics in thc' l{ct"( rmat inn 
 of i'^nfi'land,'* London, 1<)S.3 ; also in J'hilii[>s' " Satire again.st 
 liypo<:rUes,'' appearini^ there in l()0(> ; with Torshall'!! " Hypocri.sy 
 discoveruil and cured,'* and, much about the same dale, " Mo«lf ti> 
 Policu;s taken from M;i<:hiavel, Borsfia, and others," a biting sar- 
 casni by Archbi.'j-hop Sancroli, n^^ain.st Oliver CVomwoll ; \vhose 
 folic ;vers were in the ])raclice oi* bupl'/.ing hordes and pigs in the 
 name of the 'JVmity, yet sang psalms when on the march. 'J'lio 
 jest of that period was, tliat the relbrnniiion was noNv a thorough 
 one in England, since our vory horses went, to church ' Mental 
 aberralion.s of the moh"t blaspiiemous nature leagUfd tlierr.6elvo9 
 with the atrocities of the lebol and the robbvrr 
 
"J2 
 
 MlSCKI.I.ANF.Ori' -AUTICI.Ea. 
 
 The main source of iMijoyment amongst tlie rovalists, iliirliig thi« 
 temjiorary success of iliiir ouemles, aiuJ Rup)»r«s«ion of all puhlic 
 iiuiiiso?iieiit!4, wa.s deiivtnl from Hilton's ('itfli tliaf cQH:h can, b«'ing 
 u r.luiicc p(H'lif;al C(jir rfioii Jor Irw unci tnmiy voic(.*8. A curious 
 list of" ' ruuiwuirs ci>i!unan(Iern, ilowii to ilio vt-ry subuluirnd, may 
 l)e seen in SprJairu'tj Anpiia KclIIvIvh, U»47. A slnin«^e fatality 
 nppt ara to havo uirecttnl rharlos 1. and liis tninisttcrs, wlnui fouring 
 tilt! pre^ftirc of surh un<|un'i s()iril-i in that distant colony, they pre- 
 veiilod the departure of «i<^lit \(.s8ol« in tlin 'riiatnos, on the jtoint 
 of sailing for our Noiili Anieruau poajiossions, freighted \\ itii 
 Cromweil, irasleii-tre, Pvin, iUul Tliinipder, with all the other 
 revolutionists who afLerwai<l>* delus;od the country in blood, imd 
 ultiriaiely stainfl their hands, with the kln^^'s. It is not publicly 
 known that Cronuv«'ll at oiw. time cttnUMUplated an alliiiiice with a 
 branch of the noble and remarkable famdy De Medici, the best 
 account ol wlioni ia to be found in Tc■llh()s•e'sMemoir^: »jf that house, 
 with Sir \{. < Maytori's ob>erviUioijs, published at j>uth In 1707. 
 'J"h«' Secret liisfot'y of this house, by Varillaa, was translated and 
 published by Spen(«! in IG"^'). — Killing no Murder, by Cf)l. Titus, 
 reading which so embittered the latter days of Cronu'^'ell, is in the 
 fourth volume of the Harieian Miscellany. 
 
 In efVcci, fh(! 'nnafMerable acts of iron-hearted rule, !uider the 
 prostituted term.'? («f liberty and fre«'<1on), that persecuted the peo- 
 ple, explains the eagerness with which they wrleomed the return 
 of their ani-ient kingrf. On demolishing the bastile by Parisian a«7J* 
 culottes, which jdayed a prominent j)!ut in their excitetnent, pomu 
 eight or nint* |>risoners were fi)uiid tlunin ; but on the downfill of 
 Napoleon, the god of their idolatry, /)0,UU(J political ones were dis- 
 covered in the variou.s prisons of France. Another of this their 
 demigod's ucts is not publicly known, and if by any chance hap- 
 pening to !>e so, it is (Itereupon bounc«;d down or whitewaHhed by 
 his dupes ; namely, during the enforcement of his ]>orlin and Milan 
 decrees against the trade of England, whilst publicly hanging per- 
 sons apprehended lor infringing ihem, he secretly granted licenses 
 to others for smuggling British merchandize into France, at the 
 snxall privvite profit of u^J per cent, to Ituiiself .' (.)ii the commence- 
 ment of dio Russian earn})aign in 1S12, the treasure thus an)assed, 
 and deposited in the vaults of the T'idleries, amounted to the enor- 
 mous sum of .vf.r/t/'n 7mi7//oh« i/er/tfl^ / (*-^l) 
 
 A former resident In New Orleans (139) told me, that two things 
 there from their frecjuency ceased to surjirise him ; namely, upon 
 getting up in the morning, discovering, in the hotel where he 
 boarded, a man dead in liis bed; and on going out early, another 
 lying murdered in the street! In this abandoned city, (101) its 
 public amusements, especially the race-course, commonly taking 
 $7000 a day admission money, are in full operation on Sundays; 
 \vliilj.l the gamblingdiouacs and theatres are tiirown open at night. 
 
m" 
 
 MmEMMVBors AUrirLFS. 
 
 93 
 
 *riie forrnpi ••I'l.lipse Iiouhos buin^ repiilarly licensed, now proilme 
 Ml orliiiitrv .*'aioriK. !jl(K»,OMO ytatiV tt» thr r'nv tw«Mi\u .•< I'lio 
 
 firsLi.r.N 
 
 )vefiii»ii' IS 
 
 liore lli»! 'UMii.' .••• tlio liisi til M.iv iti N\;\v York, 
 
 il ol' U'a.s(>-ilii\ , Irom (m-ii.o .i ((Hi 
 
 mcfMU'UK'iil. o\' tlu' liiisiiicHS }'«''»"• -\ Now < 'I'.'ius Winter ih luit. 
 
 jsufiifiuT jjliijiitiv nj(<( 
 
 Itliod 
 
 ol.-»f\vlu'r(,' ; insoinucii lliiii ila* li«'.it ol llio 
 
 oui'LIi, f,'>.pot;i;ii|\ ;ififr rain, will llii'dw up :jrfniii iis iVoJii .i Itoilin^ 
 cnwliirnii. Tl.is cifv iMrliviilat K , b'll < 'olninltli j^imh iull> , is cried 
 up as hfrin.,' ilii! r,i\MiLMl sjiol I'T rcNVHrtluii; liu' cMhTpririmL: .ujij 
 enrichiui, ilie iiK.Iiistnini« : wliatcM't'i- fliii* ni;iy li.ni) hceii formoriv. 
 It is tar ti<irti lii'iiii" tli«j tin I now, iuasninrh tli'it i'ur evorv njaii ol' 
 ■o coiiiix-tfjice ill Aiii >rtc I. vu tliall fuuiit; <r')co n\n)\i scoru ot 
 
 )H1 
 
 ] 
 
 ahsuliuu wt-altliv otivsj in Ivij^luud : imI of rourso to l)i' lounti in 
 Idart's Skcir hos ut" Lu'M^inna. publi-slK^^ ut IMnbulcIpltia, or la 
 
 M.oi 
 
 I'niJiMhiir-i Xcwp t 
 
 I'oni 
 
 Ar 
 
 r;<"-ica. 
 
 ica- 
 
 Ni.h 
 
 i 1 
 
 •w (>''U'nii3 liiMnir 
 
 tin* iirofit piiri to tlic Mis-i.-^ippi, is tlic koy 'o 2'^,n(t0 iniU> ot ri\t;r 
 
 nuvii^jiCuiK 
 
 Th 
 
 f* servants iii lis rociMiily-'MrH tci. 
 
 1 N 
 
 i;\v ( 'i U'Jins 
 
 Hoi».-l, «!i\(y-eiirlir in luiniljor, mo all iVoni !S< oiI.iikI : ratch a Van- 
 keo in tins ciipiuity il'youfari. ( ,)i;c tliousiiMil pmluv is iIm; avurage; 
 amount, of visitors to each ol' tlic llirct! princin.il t.-ulinf^'-lmuBrs of 
 Nuw Vuk : nil. .so ni;jcli t-ilKod ol IViradi; {2'.)) is ilicir olil l*<«itur*s 
 Field, \\ hoM' no loss lli.ui r»0,;)()0 victiais to 'If vt'llow It-vur, or us 
 they cal< it, Yr//i>ir ,l<f( /:, ;inJ fillers dyinii without tlio means of 
 burial, have; lican interred ; and was so appropriutetl until very 
 latojy : tlioir dust and allies are now kn<>adeil inio Itricks and nior- 
 tar, ni^ii;|inu' m editioe^ ol' tiic mubl eostiy oide!-, and ilieir restmej 
 place I)ticonio die Pnest ])k'aot)re {j^round ot' the city. At no very 
 great distanci- is (.'apt. IJand ill's estate, l')nnd<u* of " Tlic- vSailor's 
 SiniLT I r.irhur," in (•onseinieiiCO oi accidentally killing one ol' lus 
 men by the l)K»\v of a stick: it jdreurly produces 'SoO, 000 a year, 
 with the cirlainty ol" a lari,'e aiid .spee.jy increase. 
 
 Eoce 
 
 ntncisin is here lit-yi'innini; to put I'oi'h its blossoms, as in 
 other countries; its la-'t bml m il;e sni(dl way was (ioor^e Veor- 
 gain, a journeyman sadiJK-r near C'lKirlottesville, V'iru'nia, sole 
 teiiant oi' a small ccittaj^e, into v iiich lit- wuuid not snller ;iny one 
 to enter but liim.self ; and latttuly, conld ne\er be induced to leave 
 until nifrhtlall, to procure his necessary supplies, l>oin^■ invisible 
 for some days, the authorities obtained eniiante by force, and ibund 
 inn) dead. Up<m a dili'iont searcli vvithiti the cellar, aiid <.crtain 
 other j>laces in his ci.'tta;2e, lliey discijvt.-ied st- TLMod in broken pots, 
 patty-pans, and pie-dijlifs, eleven tliou.«^and dollars in silver. JIad 
 this sum been out at interest, it would iiave iloubled itself in less 
 than ten yoavs, at the.' rale winch money obtaiits here ; a [jroofof the 
 folly in such sort (jf hoardiiii/s, iiesides the risk ot loss and robbery. 
 
 About th" sanii- period die<] at I 
 
 it.iUi.sville 
 
 .John .lenku 
 
 IS, a decrepit 
 
 beggar, aired ?7. (140) tStitched beneath palcljcs laid on all over 
 bis cout and vest, were found ^'o-lt'tTi m bank billa. This must 
 
 i> 
 
y\ 
 
 !HH»<:iii.LAVEoi;w AaTfrLi:j«. 
 
 have I»r»nn a rnasJor-lianJ in liis vncatloii, a wonderrully cuto Ynnkiir*. 
 to li.ivp Iniwn Hi) lar'^tly frDrn tin* |.nrkcL> oi liis courtryintMi. 
 HHtionally lav. liiierpnMcrH of f/uum vt fuv/n, giving ikt • vinj^ itn 
 arucle ill which tin • rn\icli di liijht to da}»ljlc. unless upon the prin- 
 ciple oi throw iiirj a >pnit to catch a herring. llmiHrs of rerepiat'lr 
 lor LJu^ Llcslitnle niuii-liaints, ni no w.'y t.-(»iu»'« foil with th»» tiiy 
 alms or workhouse — rei|iiiiing a liishur.snnnMii of ^lilO.t'OO yft'lv '• 
 — outfiorodinp similar m our Si. (iiUis', un: Juily ooniing unrK^r flic 
 Burvinllancr? of the Now V'ork police, who vihileJ one in I'ropc stroel 
 the other «hiy, l( nanfed i>y 7;i wornon, Gr» men, and i;i.'> children ! 
 Whiht in the wralrhy antl I'lllncnt ci?y ol* IMiiladelphiu, twolv 
 persons, in idnl Jail, d it d of n< t'.iil stiii vntion. Nothiiii( snrpii^rd 
 me more than iht fart of workhouses in Americn, (42) because the 
 advocates amongst my countrymrn for this I'tupiuij region, «h;ni».(l 
 that there were an^ sucli insiitutions hortf, for tliat its inh.diirants 
 never needed them. Thtro arcj rn.o.y heinMolcnt instifntions in 
 New York, and much n/i.saj'yplicution of their funds, us ihut ot th(^ 
 ** Femalo Assi.stance So-n'ty," two-thirds of whose are nhsorhod 
 by the m'jrmi>er^. I'rotn u late decision of the authorities, in the 
 matter of the Brilisli hunjue (!hiel'laiii, if app<'nr8 that any captain 
 of a fi>reigii veHS»d huidiiig p;iii['er.«» in the city, and leaving them 
 chargeable thtireon, is licd)le to h ()t*ni»lty of $?.'• per head. This 
 was the suggestion of a Hobokcn mynheer, d'oibtless moved by 
 the same lever which prompted his Cfunirynien, the Dutch, in tor- 
 mor times, to sell amtnuniilon and |)rovision3 at an ( xorbitant price, 
 1.0 the inhabitants of a towi; bcpicgod by one of tlieir armies ; re- 
 solve*], if they could not oornjuer them, to realize at least a protit 
 from their necessities. 
 
 It is alike faliaciout* to talk of ilurir respect fnr the law s, or that 
 of the congregated opcriilves fmiTi other countries ; too many ol 
 whom are known to iiavt li»^d tlntluT ior Imving previoii.sly broken 
 those of their own. Accord. nglv, on tho ole(ii«(n to civic or other 
 ofljtes, amongst thi>se free and etdightoned citizens, the partie.s 
 intending to succeed, bavo only to provide, as they undeniably do, 
 bands of low Irish, with jik tity of whiskey aiul bludgeons, and tho 
 affair is thereupon areomp'isfied. And notw ilhstuntlmg Geneial 
 Jackson's boast, which, when uttered by such men, may always be 
 interpriUed tho other way, th.Mt " Kxecniive patronage must ni>l be 
 brought into conflict with freedom of olection," siill it is no*oriously 
 otherwise, and that of the most srrret, as woil as audaciovis kind, 
 all over tihe StuteR, on the eve of a general or otiier election. 
 
 These vestiges of early occupation ('Jb et :^G5) Jonathan has 
 recently found out — Query, in manner of his |)ati!nts, (2G) nme- 
 tenths whereof being borrowed from those of other countries, to 
 which they cleverly add a rider on the same ingenious principle as 
 the fifth w heel to a coach I — to be the remains of Hebrew temples, 
 built by no less personages than the lost tnbes of Israel, which have 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
1 
 
 MiSK'EI.LAN'EOl'fl ARTKluCH. 
 
 96 
 
 tlio 
 
 L'lal 
 be 
 he 
 
 Jsly 
 mil, 
 
 Ihas 
 ne- 
 1, to 
 
 as 
 lies, 
 ]ivo 
 
 >o haMlcil ihp rcwarclit's of that ancient roci', will: m..hi» of every 
 (ftfior u>» wi'll, to <lidci>vcr: but no .Mixmor dorv .lonntbfiM take UiO 
 niiirf* r HI biiul, lliuri presto! it is no luti'^or a iT.ystrry, l» it, (.» him, 
 j)|.'iiii ii- I hut Anitrica is tb<' finodt rfnintry in the urii\>T9«', oi«l hvr 
 pri»|>|»« tli«; cU?vero9t upon earth. 'I'he K>r« ijjojfi^; »i:r«|», sfi filhiut bv 
 llu' llcljrow joiirrmli*it Nonli— c»'rt»iiiily no oln«;keii, as it I niiit'iko 
 jjnt,* fic |>i.bl!>tli(!(l Dms'Tiatiunu on tin; Knirlish l.mgim^o <■( Rt'»toM, 
 ill 17S!», which, Ht liix, luul hoiiu- inlhjfiut^ m JOi.^huMl, bwui rl,e 
 caiob-titlo DiM-tor hi:\u>^ attached to hih nanu — the ^anl»» tiiat ciilU 
 AchliMiMi a ninny in cotnpun^on to the Vatikff writur WMhs, (30) 
 — wliich ho lauiHihes as a new idea, is c"ri;iuily not so, att if was 
 cnttMtairH.'d bv sorno <^'i tho tirst r^fitllurs ; and fnj'endt'rod intuh of 
 ihut spiritual niioleraiire for whicli tht y wen; so roniarkiblo. It 
 wa* oatly adxpicd also by cortaoi Now Kni];liind nnntslors, and 
 ujdu'ld It) a ircaii.''-<» fiy one 'I boro\\;j;ood, ontitlt-d "Jrtry m Ameriat," 
 pul»bshc(J at London in I'ioO ; piKcee«led irk 1(>;'>:2, by a well-written 
 'Uo. rej)robaling it, eiiUed " Arneriiant} no Jews." roltCi\v:>J by 
 Adair's Jli^tory of liie American Indian?* ; whdst W. I*enn, il'O 
 (juakor, and some rallier eminent writers in their day. have likewise 
 been iiiduM'<l to oonntenanco the hpecuhiMon. \^ Iumi the abovh- 
 n»entiotK'«l Mujor Xoah wa> "leciotl shentl", (HU) on the perio(]ical 
 return of the yellow t'ever, the ('/tr>s,'/<ins of New York a.scr.lted 
 this visitatliMi to the cause of his election. If in the above pasBa»je, 
 or any «ucccedin|i one, the reader may think me raiher hard upon 
 the Jews, let ^aid dissentient but ronfine hire*«df ti» the u««' nf uny 
 article in the manufacture uf which they have- unv sliare, and 1 will 
 ph^dge my e.x.isten<,o, that he will then wish them, aye, and twenty 
 times a dny too, at the bottom oi' the river Styx. 
 
 Mr. Lemoin, of 6VarA- county, Oliio, a h«arned pundit in the !?tar. 
 ga/in<r line, tcoininn second fiddle in the gossip-shop of novelty, 
 hasjuat |>ro|)ounded a theory npseu.in<^ that of Newton find (.'-iper- 
 nicus : uisistino thut the earth does not move round the sun, but has 
 a centre of lier own outside thereof ; and is the gyrating mistress of 
 her own seafions. 'I'iie very elaborate detuil of an a»icient city, 
 Bomething older dian the lulls, a little youngei than the tnocn, with 
 which the American papers hav») (»f late been so brimlull, t'lrnsj ou(, 
 iiotw ithrtt.mding much jirofundity lavish*^! upon the occasion, to bo 
 all fudge. The knavish invention, as I all along suspected, of some 
 Yankee land-jobber, who, for once, has btjim n-.ost rikjliteously 
 rewarded, by himself I'albnga victim, where he intt;nded victimising 
 others. A sago seer of the I^emoin fralcrnity, has undertaken to 
 enligliten mankind, by making them acquainted with what no one 
 has yet found out since the tlood — videlicet, he will tell them from 
 whence the wind comes, and \\ hither it goeth ; so that any sea 
 captain mav know" a storm half a thousand miles off, and catch 
 
 " A^• Bomo tnftintain Majoi >ioali anil Dr. Si/nh ^Vt;l)<»tM to Ik- one uptj thf same. 
 
 D 2 
 
M 
 
 Mts('Ff,r.A\r;ois autkies. 
 
 eiiouirh of that articlf; to _ii out of liarm'f way ; nndl a pruilti-nt 
 fanner procure as much rait'., and at all seasons, as his Ileitis or 
 cu.))l)iiL!(>s ni;iy refjuire ! Tlif? t.atr.e r'Tiliis miracle (if wisijorri, vhi> 
 promises ihe.-.e unucior^, is J'rutcs.sor l■^«()y, and In.-, wiierRal'outs at 
 the cornier ot ICii^^hth and CljC'?nut Streets-, riiiladelpiiia. .Surely 
 this soph i.H tlio same, or a ntar idaiive, that piil)lislied a book some 
 time sln(;(! at Piitshtiri2;li,si;rifiusly proposinfr ?o n-(al<o T-tt'am engines 
 move all xi'iiitor, by boitiitij.;" uj) tht} iieat of" the t:AU\ In fTi'cat rr»er- 
 "Vuirs durin<,' summer. 
 
 A row coinai^n." of dollar? has lately issued from the mint at 
 Philadeiphia, bcaiang on one side, seatt;d upuii a rock, a doutrlily 
 fi;IMen;:,'th n;.nir«; ci' liberly, wit.ii a polo and )i!L'hrr;ip in one hand, 
 and her oiber restinjr .m an Americain niiield, looking., from Yan- 
 kenisni in ilio arts, a-, i!' jnst loppus'd up the kitchen stairs, or 
 trapes'd down the attic ont;J ; tlie obverse side ha.s a (lying eagle, 
 ericirdod by 26 siar-, as representatives of ibo States now compris- 
 ing' the Uniuu ; the llnrt'H'n eoiblemali* of tiieir old onori, be;n<jf 
 larytr than those -inttinded for the new. Its allov is <rreate:- than 
 wi any other money ; uotwithsto.nding the itlle boajjt of deriving no 
 profit from their coinagi', and though tl;eir law says It * hali be th.e 
 purest : but making laws in An^erica is the easie.-t thing Imu'.rinable, 
 keeping them is the difiicuhy. Whilst tin.' Spanish v(>ui>, as u-^ed 
 hero, are the purest sdver. save those other revolt'.'d provinces, — 
 after 9<;enes «)f the most alrocious eharactor, i-evivoi.l at intervals to 
 keep their bands in, now the R< 'public oi' Columbia — which, j-e- 
 markabiy though naturally enough, are as sj)Urious. No Spanish 
 dollar is seen or circulates here, as In N'ev»" South \\-'ales, known by 
 the MMibriquet of dumps and />/>/(■// dollars; id est, a round piece, 
 the size of u shilling, is punched out of the centre, which has ihu 
 cognomen of dmnp, wiulst the ciroumfer^jncx' is ealhd the /io/*'i/ 
 dollar. I wonder iVJaster Jonnihari didn't change the bald ca^le 
 for a turkey. In this hi-, new coinag-e ; the former not heing a ntitive 
 of the soil, whilst the latter one is, besides being, In many respects, 
 a better feathcrer of the two • but, upon refiectimi, 1 f d inclined to 
 abandon my surprise, and a))provc his el(?ction for its consistency ; 
 since every ornitholorrist well knows, that, the first-nuuitlaned bird 
 jias a l)ad moral character , is notorious for livjiig di^hone.^t]y, and 
 by the use of hn wits;, at all times poor, an arrant coward, uu.l the 
 PlthieHt of hia race. 
 
 Platina lias bcvn suggested, and it is thought will be admitted in 
 their coinage : it comes from /j/(/'<i (silver) fjecau;'o resemliliiii( t'lat 
 metal, and is the heaviest boily known, its density being 21, \\ hilst 
 even gold Is but 10, and silver only 10. it p.-slsts all weathers 
 better thai; the latter metals. First discoveretl in 1737. Fts value 
 '(« om'-third part of gold, and five times of silver. — .Massachusetts 
 eoiued the Hr.sL money in IbOi ; all the jMeees had a double ring, 
 'n.-;th a tree, and the insciiption " Ma^feuchu-ietts'" in the cfciitro of 
 
MIS( ELLAXEOTS AUTKF.ES. 
 
 97 
 
 m 
 hat 
 
 list 
 
 MS 
 lilt" 
 lit 3 
 
 cm: Sale, and the wonls ' ycin K»gJ'i/i<l,'' accompaulcd \>y ihr year 
 of'uur Lord, (lu that i;t"tlu; other. Tliu saiiu" d;ne was coiititiiK-d 
 iij»i-ii :iil tli.ir was struck, lor thirty years afu'r, so that, ahhmij^h 
 there is a varii'ly ol" dio-. it is iiJi|:njsib]o to ditorniinc the year of 
 th 'ir i.ssuf. Th(; .silver cuin th;it Klizaheth allowed the East Iiuha 
 merchant.- *>i send tliithor, c k* '''^^^ ninch attention in the inoi.iej 
 vo.'ld, 1-^ ..[ireseuied by a [;lato in Violet's " Appeal to Ctt^sar," 
 
 .rjM'niDii, ic>(io. 
 
 T'ic [lilDin^e ol' Xow York — which, more or les.s, imports fiom 
 ai:d t.'Xiiort.s lo 03 ton i mi enuiitries — c'ir>n»rises fi\tv rnetril.er.^, and 
 oi^liL pilot, hoais : and, loiielher with ihtir roiinectint: links, arro- 
 gate a hrtfer ktiowlcil^e ol' maritime atiairs than any oilier people 
 upon ♦Miili. JvK h n[' theni, in inrn, is compelled, ii is' said, to 
 remain .sialionoiv <"r a limited tini.e oil" Sandy Plook, undiM- a Hue of 
 ii'j-t. (QiuM'y, \N u.s it t\'er enforred ?) A r.ew sinp channel has 
 heen ((muuJ, leidinLf I'vcr the har into the hay ot New York, saving 
 four nii!o.-j ol' ilio r.li,«,tance, and allowiiiir an entrance and departure 
 iroin the porr, during the prevahMice of wauls hitherto rorl)iddin<^ 
 h )t}i Tiii'ir national fhig, called hy our seamen llio Gou.sc (ind 
 Gruliron, and whirh ihey so idolize a&'.snpreme over others, lias 
 very little to do with ori..:;inahty, ami sdll fewer claims on our 
 admiration ; hince no o:'e cati behold it, wiihout being reminded o^ 
 •Fersey jackei.-i or check-shiits : it has no aihlition to its orii^mal 13 
 strijirs, hut i.s now spangled \\ iih '.HJ star.s. Tln-ir naval buttons 
 ha\ tho impress of an ea^Ie with an anchor in its claws ; an "'S- 
 siinied emblem showing- tiwir inordinate conceit — on which, ho'"- 
 ever. the real one has no kind of restraint. Cockswains, by the 
 UKjaly nuxithed, and those ignoranl of its short enunciaticm, are 
 called Zioo.v/KV-s\vainb. 
 
 Tlii.s fir.st duel (^(J) bt.'tv'ecn two servants of a pilgrim father, 
 was klught June lb, IG'iO. Every state, like this one, may pv^R 
 ena<-tmenls, and the general government make laws against duelh;,g, 
 Imii then who cai-es for di(>rn ( certanny no one here ; whicli is not 
 only displayed w ilh unsubdued brazennes.^, l;iit altogether new 
 auiongst y)\c\\ snvnge life. 'J"hu.-> tin; reciMit •Kiel at Vicksburg-h, 
 between JNTcssrs. McClung and Menifee, took place, by public an- 
 nouncement, at. mul-day, and in the presence of a thousand perscnis, 
 vi'gularly assernbhil f.ir iliat purpose. Seyeral shots, from rifles, 
 and at long aili-rvals between each, were tired 1 at the last round, 
 INii'nifei! was sliot down, and exj)!reil, which on ascertaining, the 
 multitude, (an\assing the alfair only as one of skill and tact, then 
 departed, w ith a.«< tnuch unconcern as from any common scene oi' 
 ordinary ainiisemoni. 
 
 Till? Am'-ncan (''institution f(.>r selfgtnernment, tiriginnted with 
 these piigiiniH, beii.g signed and executed on the deck of the May- 
 ilfAver (2J) previously to landing, and com[)rlscil 41 names. 'I'liat 
 whimsical iarrago of <]uaint absurdities, or reason pro-sttated at the 
 
9S 
 
 MISCELLANEOLS AUTICLES. 
 
 shrine of folly, llio Tiluo-laws of Connecticut, ar« so lormctl !>coatiftC 
 originully pjinlcd on hluc j)ap<M-. (21, 76, 17-0 lH:e fi-aniers i>f 
 those sage laws uiso votcJ, " All mutton (hat will not wei-i^h tnght 
 pounds ihe (luarter sliail hi? larib." And once sonlpnccd a (ohhlor 
 to be hani^ed, but on fimlmg hitn to be the only one in town, whilst 
 iheje were plcfity of shim It men, huu^f \ip a weaver in his jilace. — 
 Mr. Trumbull, of this sfiiio, publi.slied, 1782, a sucres.sfu! in)itanon 
 of Iludibras, ;ippcarinix at Lorid(jii in 171)2, entitled " M'l''ingal." 
 It is superior to Mofliit's Irisli Tfudlbrns, wliicli preceded it. 
 
 Penu's Kim Treaty Tree, (.'Jl) ils trunk 24 f«'et in eircuniforeiiCt?, 
 and aged 28;{ yj.ars, waj blown down MufLh ,'i, ISJO: ns wo-kI is 
 converted into all Stuts of nick-nacks, and is travelling this, as either 
 countri'.'?, by «7//y'vdoad. A large ];orfion was conve^rd to the 
 representative of the i'enn family, at Stoke Pogts in Inickinglam- 
 shire, and is kept in tfiis their seat, with great care. The woiks of 
 this eminent man, first appearing at Liindon in 172(), vvr-re lately 
 rej)rlntetl in .'» vols. Nvo. The house v^hlch he bnilt, and oeeiijiied 
 jirior to 1700, is still standing in I.ctitia Court, between Front Lnd 
 Second Streets, 'J*hiladelpl;ia : it is a humble two-story dwcllir.g, 
 and has some of the [)aries of its original glass indows .still in the 
 lower rooms. His cbartt r was dated March ■^, IGM, and his fi.it 
 colony odO persons. A tree springing ffoni the root of the part-nt 
 one, at this time shades the 3[)ot ; near which the I'cnn Society liave 
 erected a tabular monument, but from its dwarfish character, and 
 insiginficant apj)earai,fe, of no honoi to ih" mini, and very httic fo 
 themselves. Sports of the field are disapproved by the Krieiids, 
 yet the only pack oi hour.ds at one time seen in North America, 
 was kept by one of them; an'ongst whom, not to be outdone, I 
 conjecture, by f)ther sectarians, heresy has lately crept in under :he 
 name oi' Hirh sites ; who refuse the word .Hofif, as a prefix to that 
 of iiUffe ; the best collection of pjissages in which, generally allowed 
 to be mistranslated with dieir proposed correction?, may bo seen 
 in " IJiblical Ci leaning.*," b\ T. Wt'myss, York, 1815 : and the mo.st 
 esteemed treatise uj)on sacred criti<'ism is that of fJilbert Gerrard. 
 Those of this denomination who sa^' fit, during ihe revolutionary 
 war, to take up arms, separated from the rcsi, and are called in 
 Philadeljihia the " resisting, or fighting cjuakers." — Th«^ })uilding 
 for the reception of their pocu-, they name " 77ie Betttring House." 
 It is not a little remarkable, that the lepeated outrages agJiinst civil 
 and religious libertv, ihroaghout die entire continent of America, 
 have been found, upon tracing them, to origuiate m or near tiie 
 settlements of ^piakers, (from their vibrating bodily devotional exer- 
 cise) which advances nothing in favor of iheir peculiar ttMiets., but 
 a great deal ugainst their levelling ))rliicir>les. (J 15j Their noted 
 leader George Keith cjuitting them at \ew Jersey, returned to 
 Kngland, studied for the churcli, took ordenv, obtained a benefice, 
 and afterwards wrote many tracts against his former brethren ; with 
 
MISCELLANEOUS ARTU l.EK. 
 
 99 
 
 " Tr ,.\ Is i'ronj New Hampshir^c r.(t Catorauk. in North Aiin.'»*ica." 
 lti)l>ert Han-lay. tiieir coicbraN.'d a))ol(.f^ist, was at oi:e j>«'rio<l 
 gtjvrrnor of ilio oa«t<;rii pfirt. — Ntnv.lrrsey (som'Jtiino^ callrd Nova 
 (Ja'-ari.i) iVotn tho IsKtud of Jersey in llio lii-itish Cliunnel, the 
 iiHilvc country of Sir Cleofre Carraret, one of" its first grautees. It 
 was tlivuled, 1()70, into Easi awl West Jersey, hciKX' the .letsoy?, 
 ImU i.Mijied, under (^ucen -:Vntie. into New Jersey. U .suUoied tnort?, 
 dunnuf the revolut'unary war, than aiiy other .siate. Mr. Seotf, in 
 1084, puhlihfied the model of as j/overnment at Kdiiihurgh. The 
 above ia«;t-= do not appear :n the Historiral Account of Pennsylvania 
 and West-New-Ji rscy, by <». 'i'horna:>, KiDS. 
 
 A condiiiuii of .-^oci'^ty not less sin<j;ulur than this non-profus5<iug 
 one, (.SO) exists in Chfdtenham rownshij), Montgomery eounly, only 
 seven miles from TMiiladclphia ; which, nuh a po|)ulali<>a of 4000 
 })orsons, has not ;', piace vi' woi.ship, of any kiiKb wnhin it; a store 
 or l.ivern ; a preach* r or lawyer ; justice of the peace or eons'aide! 
 — These irnmodepate charges are not confined to VVa.-'liingtoii, (68) 
 but extend in all directions; it i.>einf^ no unconirnon thinijf for a 
 livery stable keeper at I'lidadelphia to make, duriiKif the as.semf)|y 
 season, by the hire of a sleigh ^nJ pair of hoi -e.'-. in the loitr-anj- 
 twenty hours, upwards of SIOO. \u old sleigh-l^ells have l»een 
 exchanged for rows of small ones, the <\'y.e of hickory nuts, which 
 make a nois*^ very similar to the clank of chains. A cenotaph here 
 over the remains of a titizen, lias an enjbh^m, on the apex, of his 
 trade, being a sculptured umbrella, in marble, open aJiU expanded. 
 Near thereto resides an elderly pers)nai(e, of cpiestionable mean.s, 
 but keepirg a laige cstabli.'-diniont of dogs; about whicli anew 
 coiner expressmg some surprise, a by-stander pointed silently to a 
 sausaj^c factory hard bv the doL'"-kennel. Not far ofl dwells ini 
 underselling baker, whose fionesty. at least m the opituoij of his* 
 neighbors, aj)pear,s to be a little suspected, as bones are v»My often 
 found scattered before Ids door, or their orthography chalked in 
 large characters ou his shutters. A new business, of which our 
 fathers newt- lu-ard, hits nou spiung up, being tliat of u hone-auf,h- 
 er; and very proHtaf)lc it is too, if well managed and understood. 
 Its application is I believe In all cases unobjectionable, exc«:pting in 
 admixture with e:round wheat, v/hirh is .so notoriously practised by 
 cheap bakers. He who values his health, should never put a mor- 
 sel of bread into his mouth but of the best, — which word, and that 
 of cheap, are about as much abused, by every dealer m cheap 
 urlicles, as any two in our language. 
 
 Philadel{)hia is moreover overt-un by fortune-tellers, whose 
 houses, about fifty in number, arc lilled night and day. They suc- 
 ceeded the defun(-'t Powawoers, or Indian jugglers, especially 
 swarming Maryland, — named after the Queen of t.^harles 1., held 
 in common socoage of the crown, paying yearly, when d»!manded, 
 tivo Indian arrows to the honor of Windsor Castlo ;— also infesting 
 
1.00 
 
 MrscFLLA\j:oT s ARTrci.es. 
 
 many parts ui" Dolaw aiv, — fntni i'%l;.iy, wWidi iti> titst setUeii', tlie 
 Swrdes, named Swcdei.iii.l Sfcarn ; hut onL,ni!nlly raiue i!\)iu 
 Lord l)''kuire. Xfar rhcsR l()rfah<i-ti.:llt.'rs, nod v," thin u stone's 
 tli!'ovv of each oihci, nvc twcivf Who Imnks, and thirty clul. l/dluird 
 tahlfs ; lionre tlip city 'A' ijiotiurly lovo is now the sink o{' oaniMiiiu' : 
 vvhd«t it.s police repci-is arc daily unnr uncint^r tin. rapid IiicroaM; nt* 
 vico iind inliiiiiy. A juvnilo f;aii;j:<>l"jhiovps, the oldest Hiteci), ii-d 
 llif yoi!Mgc:»t but nine yf:ir< ,,1" .^u), h.is Imhmi just iipprcliend' .1. 
 Even younger culprifi ply m N'rw \;)rk, hut nui, 1 ,ij\[»r. heiid, in 
 gang.s, a::* th-? frround is nlffjidy too much o(:cuj»ied hy fhcw hrr'(h- 
 rea ot" a lar;.!er orowiji, u< leave iiardly any at all i'oi' ih(?m. 1 lie 
 cliiet' streets of IMiiiinlidphia, named atler thi- trees found In the 
 colony, an> nightly in!e<tvd, particularly Chesnut Street, l)v the 
 ahandi)n.!(l ol hotli ^excs >ind ail condiiionH. — " (h^o]uc^\' oi' t}ie 
 Uniied Stiilc,-^," hy \V . M;m ,uri-. rd'this cty, i:; a a<M)d woH-., Ouo 
 Melisli, als!.> an mdwciK'r, has likewise conitniited hiinseli' in pr iiI, 
 by "Travels in the Stins, (irrat lirii^in, and Canada, " vs liich are 
 hut li'tle known, and ks6 r'ad. Monsieur Micliaux's Travels; lo 
 Westuard oftite AllcLdjany, en!ai'ijc.s (;n tlie hot.jny ol'thijse re^nons. 
 Capt. i^oiter's J«Hirr:d of a d//// // C fu iso in t!ie Pacific Oeoa, did, 
 I'^'ifj, Inis 1m.m..i r.' i.'hly lamli.Ml m the Hnarterly Keview, No. ]:i. 
 There I saw an editiwi; of " jI;storical and (xeographicul Drscrip- 
 tion of Formosa: hy (Jeorrje P;-;dn)ana/:ar, a native (d' the said Isle; 
 ilUi.'' Th:H f-ingular literary injpo-ture, periiaps the most so of 
 any known, nlu r oxcirmf.>- the p;d)lic ;.'ttention for many year?, vsas 
 at length ct)nft'srfed to he a (ornery, A life of the impos'tor appeared 
 in I'OjfK This inlhruiution, hnv.-ever, well knowing the people 
 1 then was amongst, never escaped nie. 
 
 Frrm) the postmasier-general's report, the number ofdrad letters 
 
 returned to this otlice, i.s 900,000 antnjaily, Tlie functionaries m 
 
 this dejuiriment at New Vork, and the States generallv, return no 
 
 overcharge, unless the letter he first opened in tlie presence of a 
 
 clerk in the estal>lishment ; no doubt they have solid reasorifi for 
 
 Ibis regulation, since of the 10,0()0 jjosima'sters now in the iauon, 
 
 4.>00, together v, ith I'Jo recen crs a)id custom bouse collectors of 
 
 the revenue, say the autlionties, have been declari;d defaulters ! a 
 
 pretty fair speciinen of" good iind clnvjp -ovornment." The yearly 
 
 ex-pens. ? of the posi-otbce are .fo.000,0U0; a rath('f awkwai\l tact 
 
 for those who -issert that the annual ones of go\ernnieni. are hut tiix 
 
 anllions. f^ have often heard the eulogists of tins Commonwealth 
 
 assert in I'Ligland, that such was the honor of its public bmction- 
 
 anes, especially in the post-oMicp department, arcumulatme immentio 
 
 profits thereby lor the .Si:Ue, that, m consequence, it cont.'mplated 
 
 the hjture conveyance (,f lotiors gratuitousls • When tlie fact is, 
 
 that so far from there being a surplus, I's I have t^xhib.ted elpcMhere,* 
 
 fr.nn their own olhcial documents, ii does not even pay its own 
 
 expenses !-~The absurdity of the \\ord prr.s€nt {28) upon American 
 
MlSiCF.LLAXCOrs ARTICLES. 
 
 101 
 
 TS 
 
 in 
 
 Ino 
 
 a 
 
 [or 
 |ni, 
 lof 
 a 
 
 lis, 
 n 
 
 '.U 
 
 notes, IS not I-iss so, than the hborul clisplay oi ainjiuzans ou those 
 of ollicial oiiivs m CanU'ia ; %vi)it;h h;ivft lu'vi-r h.'8.s than three &:c..'ii 
 f'ollov\iji^ the r.Amo on tlieir superxcriplious. This is likewise 
 romaiKJiblc in the conviTsali >n of u native, who, \\ htMi eiitaii«:!e(J iu 
 Ills suhject, will liflj) him?olf out with "so forth uiitl so forth;" liut 
 in thib inhtance it raerirs respect, since so conveiiiont, taking nothing 
 ol its utihty. The name ol New York must be a little niortilying 
 to the \anify of Vndc Ham, as it implies a position suhordiuato to 
 that of York m England, A rneai/icnesi of invention in naninuf 
 their places, is remarkai>ly apparent throuj^h th<j u hole of Aniencu: 
 Michigan, however, ib amending tins, by eiuictipi^, that no new 
 town or post-office shall be called alter an individual, or any other 
 place of iti'i same name, until fust submitted to a conuniitee of ilio 
 legislature Tlu-ii- similitude, too, of namo, as ()-,\vego, (Jwego, 
 Oisego, and Otcgo, in New York state, is troublesome to all, with- 
 out benefirintjf any, save carriers and letter-meu ; an aubwer to 
 Wansey's United 'Strttes, 17'J4. 
 
 The authorities ot* New Y'^ork are apt to reprobate tlie fiscal 
 appi'upriations of other bodiee., which <'omios with a v.'-ry ill grace 
 from them, seeing that in patronage and uiiii;c;s they dlslributo 
 yearly ^500,000. — On the arrival of thij ice at Calcutta, (25) it is 
 sold at the low price of a dollar the ounce. — Passing down I {road- 
 way one rainv ilav, I met a m-in carrvin^i a now invcniion, bein<' au 
 utnbreUa w^th a gutter round (he edge, so that the water ran oil' at 
 a point. Umbrels or Umbrellas were first used in anole?!t New 
 Y'^ork by British officers ; but njected by tiie citizens, as ^oo effemi- 
 nate, for rain coats an«.: camblels. — At a house in Low.r Broadway, 
 I oerceived a curious exhibitioii, nanielv, a race bet^Vl en two in'dtH: 
 the thing was too ludicrous for description. Uj)on mentioning this 
 Insect, the unen<|uiring think only of mites in a cheese, and imagino 
 the affair to end there ; but ou consulting " A Nornoijclature of 
 British Entomology," they will find a catalogue of 4000 «pccics c>f 
 mites 
 
 .Jonathan is ever on the qui vive to astound you with novelty ; 
 and though, as in the affair of Wn inventions, {26) it may turn out 
 moonshine, this does not deter him, so long as it furnishes a bubble 
 for the day, the primum mobile of his stimulants to action. Accord- 
 ingly, a scholastic scribe of his, all over invention, oilklng ol' tliO 
 arts, and quoting every science, as if familiar with each, thmigh 
 act]uainted with neither, — is teh'gniphing tin and with a new dis- 
 covery he has made, equally so indeed to all the world besides, that 
 every child born — in America certes, has a natural taste for science, 
 and thirst ufter knowledge. Pursuing his theories under the same 
 hallucination, he maintains that the germs of this science, and every 
 kind of learning, lie between botany and mine!ali;gy. In accord- 
 ance with which influenza of fossil, weed, and leaf, that doubtless 
 will endure about as long as it takes to tell it— the meteor of the 
 
102 
 
 MlSOF.LL.VNF.OI S ARrU;l,ES. 
 
 day, 10 blaze and bo ftirirottcn — every .scIiomI (a Lerin lujre cinly 
 known in three-liuttcd towns, ami roiiiiii^' bliiiJ alli;ys) is now rcal- 
 y/.incr materials for cii":P'in<'-out siiencc; and burrow in t( un knowlcdcre. 
 As the rcHiiement o*' public manners .sf)li'ly depends <»ii a pi-eieronce 
 for enlij::htened ;<!a(lu;r.s, 'lie pi-evait-nco of this <]uackory is a r.a- 
 lional aflliction. Not the least sin^idar of ih'-nr inuovatiori.s is, iliat 
 drawing is now beginning to be made Introdnetory, iu iheir br-hools, 
 to writing ; to (|iiore their own w^rds, "As more itjteresting to 
 cniidren than the .sfrvile itnUalion of j)on<le3cript letter:<," The 
 following if? verbatim from a New York card : " IJeiigious Dancing 
 Seiiool. The H.ev. ,J. Uoward, wile and danghterti, leaeh VV^altzlng 
 and Dancing at 1)2 Hudson Street, on (liristian principles. N. B. 
 F:fiy-two branches taught a whole year to a whoh" family f()r just 
 wliat they can give ; j'rolessor G. teaches 100 tunes in six hours, 
 nn any of tweU*^' diHerenl instrumenls." This j.- efp^i^alent to 
 sticking a label -.■ your forehead written, "An apartment to let un- 
 I'urnished." Cb<.'!ip learni- ', like cheap goods, is dear at any price; 
 and, similar to birds' eggs strung against a wall, njay be well 
 enough to look at, but ht for notliing else. An honcist writer of 
 theirh, ir. the sciiuol line, begins iiis treatise, publi.sJied at IMiiladel- 
 phia, in these words, "Chaos is evidently a better term than system, 
 to exprtjss the present state of American eiJucation. A more cha- 
 otic mass oi" n^aterifls can probably n -t be found in the physical, 
 intellectual, »)r moral world, than in our seventy thousand American 
 schools." In another part he observes, "Our schools, from the 
 lowest to the liighest, have two defects. The first defect is, that 
 they have no soul: and tlie second, that they liave no body." 
 Thus, generalising the s\ibject, th«y possess very little learning 
 thenjseh'es, and despise it in others who do : but this, 1 had aliDost 
 said without cxce{)tion, lias always been the feature iu republics; 
 follow!. ig like h after a, or any consecutive numljer ; for in propor- 
 tion to democi-atic nescience, so is their aversion to every thing 
 iTiental. (53) Tiie ancients, fully alive to these dish-washings iu 
 literature, recommend ns, through the agency of Seneca and Pliny, 
 to read much, but not many books : whilst the old c]as?ic proverb, 
 in accordance w ith these iniitruction.'j, draws a similar inference, 
 Care, ah linmlnc unius Jlhri. — 1?eware of the man of one book. 
 
 The Lyceum system, s ) truly ancient, as every school-boy knows, 
 yet Jonathan, with his accustomed modesty, claims to have origin- 
 ated ; and that too so lafA ly as 1826, by a few farmers, at a village 
 in Massachusetts, under the name of" The Pdilbary American Ly- 
 ceum." — A female seminarv, and a semmarv for vounp ladies, are 
 in this land, as elsewhere, common announcements: the former 
 word is clearly wrong, and the latter one superfluous, as tlie term 
 seminary does of itself imply a girl's school. According to their 
 official census, there are four million chddren amongst ihem ; and 
 from the same authority, in the face too of their niawkisii parade 
 
>il5iCEI.LANRnt;S \ftTKLG??. 
 
 103 
 
 fthr-ut lo!«riiing. oiip-lourMi port i^l whom r<>reivo vo e<lvirutIoii it :iil. 
 M. de KnckiiMall, a celeI»ratiMl FumuIi literary chara'ttp, aftor a 
 resijeiicf ol' iweniv yvavi in tlio Statrs, anTinuuces, \i\ itis rrci-nt 
 Parisian Lectures, *' 1 he Auiciicaiis are ci)tir«:iy wanting m educa- 
 l.. M as well as morals." 
 
 H«;ri», as it is peri.ineiil to my stilijrcf, I niiisi ho excused niirn- 
 'lucing a paratrrapji from " ricsourct-s of" llie ('nite'l States,'" hy a 
 popular writer of their own, iir.d puhlishefl ai New ^'ork : "fiirictly 
 speakitig, indeed, tluTfi is no surh thinir a.'* special sMhordinatinn in 
 the States. Parenis liave no command over \).'-\r childnn, nnr 
 teachers over their scholnrs ; lawyers fir piiys".f;ians o\ er t'l'-ir 
 pupils; farmers over their lahoiers ; inerrfjanls over llseir rlei ks, 
 carmen and porters ; nor nia^tfrs nvj^r their servants. All are 
 e«pial, ail do as Oiey list, and all are free not to work, except the 
 master, who must hiniself he a slave, d' he means his bu'-iiiess to 
 prosper. Owmi:; to the very popular natuie ot our in.>-;tit:,tions, the 
 Atnericaa rhddron are seldoni taught that profound reverence for, 
 and str'Ct obedience to their parerjts, wliich are at once the hasi-. of 
 domestic coniforf, and of the welfare of the children them«e!^•f•8.■' 
 
 'i'here is an influence ui work in I'^jincr Canada which calls f^r 
 instant suppression ; 1 mean t!ie inlluence of American sc!iOi)l:iias- 
 ters and American school-books, by whom they are uiiroiluccd. 
 Their academical tt^Hchf;rs and literature, how well *o ever adapted 
 for tlieir own want.- and people, are altOLfetlicr ui:fitted f'--r those of 
 any other. A stranger one day entering a district school in the 
 vicinity of Hamilton, U. C\ ipieslioned a youth about liftcen, as to 
 his principles, and opinions of l!ie Knglish ; when — mark the con- 
 sequence of his tutors ami books — he answered. "1 guess they've 
 no business here." On being told, that it was a part of their kinj: » 
 dominions, he returned, " What, you proud Hniishers are coino 
 here to ride rough shod over us." Whilst at another school of this 
 character iu the London District, an cxanjinant observed tin.' fi>llo%\- 
 ing conies for the writii;g class ; first copy, " Denth t > ihe IWtes;'* 
 second one, " M hat is a kin^l a tyrant;" third ditto. "Death to 
 Victoria." So much is continually escaping; about education, as 
 absolutely to fatigue and pall uj)on the senses. Those mIiosc busi- 
 ness it was to furnish it, have faithlully discharged their duty ; what 
 alone remain^; to be done at present, is iliai those ior whom it i/j 
 provided .-hould now do theire, by gratei'ully accepting it ; instead 
 of which their conduct loo much resembles thui of the apprentice, 
 who, on being rebuked for not altendiug the school eng.i':ed for 
 him bv his master, ansv\ered " Mv Hosh has ai£rred, in the 'de-.iture, 
 to give me an education, and be is bound lo do so, but — ' ar'n't 
 going to the scho.>Miouso arter it!" 
 
 The commenre me lit m a Yankee college is what the v ninitiaieJ 
 would call the termination, because the end of the pijgs'.oh ; when 
 the students take their degrees, and thus commrnit. 'j. new era in 
 
101 
 
 Miscnr.LAXKorfe article*-. 
 
 tlicjr lives. A iiiunual luiiur cvJlc^r la locatcil at Cuu: Hill, WihJi- 
 liii;ton K). Aikansas, ami l-t-iiiij soint'!iriii«i tuw, i*? rapiilly /».'V';rr*'.v.v- 
 iii^;. 1 'my liuM.' ijDW I.»i tulirfris; .slin(jiin<r iip liki' luusliroomH, to 
 l.ist, as miuy ot" ihcrn do, altuut us long. V\ illiani anJ Marv Col- 
 ^V'^ii (.']•)) was erected alVcr a design of Sir Cliristi)[»lH;r \V len. 
 'I'liiMr ))i(.tuiu;o ui' titiit! !.<,llutiod lo a coll''|.^iatc ••■iucHtion, can only 
 aniwd ilu?m Jiulinientul iicijiiinirncnts, and even llitce, wli^n not 
 ex[i!unlrd by alier years of study, nivai be ;^iven lo tbe winds. 
 Auloni^^st the sinijular expedients lesoriid to in iljis ,e^;nii of Ingh 
 pressnie j)tincijiie, lor filHii^jf a lorm and crowding a do^k, by the 
 Si-ttcTti-ijp of seLooh, t)i as they phra-e it — rollears — u (iisliippeid of 
 bounce, aiul !«laves lo a n;inic — is the novel one oi' h (l^rrinsj; ; fhut 
 is, tak;n|.: bonds and prornusory notes, from pupl's unable to defray 
 the cliap;^e of a college course, or In plainer terms, learning lo read, 
 write, and cipher, p-.yabie a a given peilod after leaving/ rt>}Iegf'. 
 In the printtid t< MiI.s ol I Dickenson school — I era* e pardon — Dick- 
 enson :oilcir(, Carliftle, IV'nr.syU mia. — which lius a ueveidicard-of- 
 before proressorship, c.i.il(;d " Frofcmmr of ih*' Exavl Sennas,^' — 
 mystityinfj^ thino.s wul) new names, ryiiks liifj^h aniongbt a Yankee's 
 learning:, ot' whiih ho who has the least shaie \n for c\e: exposing- 
 iiiniself, will. St another with the gn-aiest never does — is a notice, 
 S[)nngiii;jf I ween from opposition in the Colkige inarkel, that no 
 interest w ill l»e charged upon those bo:id,> or notes, until two yeai3 
 aft: r leaving colk-ire. Their respective leasteis — a term too undig- 
 Dificd tor Coliindiian podadoguos — are luv JsMy bi',s])rink!ed with 
 honorary dcLyfies (-^ffl&cJ), but 1 opuie, \aloal)le as the Mimciester 
 Huaek, Dr. Mattln.ws, M.P., which on in juiry proved to be :1/aker 
 of Pills. A pair of portn.it.s, striking in similitude, init^ht be formed 
 from this and a Yankee professor at a college down etist, \\\\':> com- 
 menced his public lecture with *' I guess my proem alia'l bo of a 
 //<r<"(f-conifrcd iriungle and a /w^r-slded sip.iacc." I' uidor what 
 Master Top, in iiis uioenious Uvatisi' "The Univers.d u, h, c, r/," 
 (London, ItlO."!) would say to the above wise men of (lolham. 
 iSirndar to their ccillege oral* I's notion of an explanatory k<.y, winch 
 took four hours to unlock a subject pr(^viou^!ly deliveied in one. 
 Jicminding me of Dowling's Ive\ to Dr. iiutton's Mathematics, 
 composed for the Woolwich cndets, which, curious enough, com- 
 prises as many volumes (three) as the original work itselt'. Jf this 
 were to be the t'cncral feature m a kt;v, il woild ',.c ratlier an awk- 
 word size ibr that of the door. 
 
 i*erha[»s the tiext new college lienor to record, will be professor 
 of d'elliug; as the prcdident oi' TuscalocMi college, latel\ ha~ 
 rangu.ng the btudents on their breacli of discipline, they resented 
 asinsu'.'ing to ihein us freemen, and uluinately dcfendo«i by recourse 
 to pistol.-i I hapjiily no liVcs wert; lost. Dr. Wood, head of another 
 Alabama college, has resigned the same in conse<juonce of its insub- 
 ordination. {■^■■>) Throughout the towns of diis .state, with others 
 
MlsrRLl,.\NF.Or<! \nT»CI.F:s. 
 
 lOj 
 
 as Wt'il, iiuf .', (\uv pfissos widiout some onc;'s V.U' \mn:x risked 
 in ;i d'U'I, or ;itt<Mui)t»;ii I'V ussassiiiniion. N. Ji. Near Tii'^ca- 
 loosa ri?s!d«?s Major Kohinn.n, the prololypt! of thf; liero m tiif 
 i\inoi'iriti ji;>v*.-l tA " [Inrsc-slioe Ilt.ii/iiisc>ii." A hiu«KM;r in one; 
 ot «}).)(; I. .'.rnc'l colli ^>(>s down in tlio Htate el' Miuin', liJlily 
 liaiidi'd lo dio »S//r, or j»rinrij»fd proffssdr, slie I'ollow iiii; wrMtrn 
 ai>oI'»<fv for non-attetidaric;f» — "cei'tth^infnfroiilaUiriTi." As tlio r<?i»d(n* 
 j.H not nxpocticl lo mako this out, diC following is ii.^ trunslutiou : 
 " Kept at hoftu lo uo a toturimr." 
 
 it is «I« {rrlii.it the fiMf^oaji: .<ojihs aro iiot of tin- (ifooTriro ordor, 
 from Mr. Li e oi London, who luiight liini.-clf filufu hi!.^ua<^rp. 
 John Wol)h, the Icarnetl vindicator of Sroiudicri^r, advances a pro- 
 pObHMin in ]i\^ valuaik* ossay of KK'f, dial tho Jan^waptj of (*Miiiia ]i 
 the pnuijtivo odo : it would be well wor'h ascMTtainiu-^ what the 
 (M)ine.so (liuilv of our pn.tonsions this way, .«inc(; it is pretty pMiernily 
 adtnilled that lrarnin<^ and its jimduciiofis Honrisliod in llieir coun- 
 try, Ion;;; before any ]|)art of Europe was inliabitcd, I .should ratiior 
 class sucfi profossirs with those insentient i|iier;.-;«, w ho aim at a 
 inook (devatiou of niind, by eternally putluirjf quesiions ; ltne\or 
 enterinij into tii»j ^oose'berry-po.'^.S'.ted e.u"nitin).s of , such d< Its', that 
 the most isaiorant of men may ask a cpjestion, wddch might pu'/7do 
 the vvisest one to an.swer, but — without in the least alJecung ids 
 character or r^^'putation. 
 
 One mt;aiis, ceriaiiiiy a ^'in^ular one, made use of in America f »r 
 realizinij f>.md.s i.> foimd schools, or build churciies, is resortinir lo 
 the procei ds of a lottery. This species of ganddin^j has very pro- 
 perly bc.v 11 suppressed in England ; the ])roprittors of such olhcea 
 m'Oj.- also brokers in the public iVoids; which induces nie lo notice 
 the very suital>lo up.me ai'ached to o)i(; ol' ihein — \\ ho ha.s not read 
 or heard of (.ioodlurlc &: (%>. in the commencintj part of (Jcirnhill 
 facing ill*? Buiih ? I coidd never persuaiJe some people that this 
 was any thin'j; but a hctiiicdis nonio ; wdiilst others tnaintaii.eLl it to 
 be a borro\^(.'d one ftom a wii'ow ladv. in con:>ideialioii of an an- 
 nuity for tlOO. Mr. ^iondluck }ias i ^'ton executed business lor me ; 
 and 13 now or was lately living at Walworth, liaving a large family 
 of son,-* and daughters. Sir William Walwortli, l)y the \^ ay, who 
 put down Wat 'J^der'? rebellion, by slaying him at tlio he;;d of his 
 raljide army, n.')t only gave nnrae to out- .subuib of W uKvorth, but 
 was also piofinotor of (he public stews, then siandmg on IJaf.kside^ 
 but which T\ler had nreviouslv destroyed. (.)ue>\ — had this act 
 of Wat\s anvthinu to do with Sir William's ixittK tism \ The 
 frio-hiful excesses of this demafro'-iie, are vividly dispi.jved in it 
 curious little volume headcul, '• Wat the 'I'^ler — the idol of tlie 
 ('lownes," published l()o4 : they iorrn an exact countj-rpart of the 
 horrible "lies in the French Ke\olutio'i. Tin.' i^hihboUdi of hig 
 party i"? explained in Manual of Orthoepy, p.igc 80. 
 
lOG 
 
 :»ll^rr.!.L.\NE0!'?4 AhTH'LE.<». 
 
 Jolce llolli, ullegiDf; hi-rsolC lo be 102, nml nurao U> G«;nerul 
 AV'ashinglon, upon v liich 1 throw ionrip tloiibl In Aflik'iidn 3S, has 
 since proved lo he m\ arrant chcal: the had just dli'ii in h«:r 80lh 
 y«'iir; and hi-r cxhilnlui';. U't longer intrresied \ty tin; event, have 
 piiMii-I^ avdAeJ the iiii|'(>-rure. 'ny whicli they clrareil •SI 0,000. 
 The hesL likeness, asul urhjue ■ v the finest bust <>{' Wiibhinj^toii, 
 
 is by CiillxTi St«'\vatt, an > tican o<bicatecI in J'^nglaml vuuier 
 ]^res'dent VN'^est, whicli he; puiiiteJ i'or the M{irf|ui9 ot" LMn»downc, 
 b:jt now the property nf a I^U'^siati nobliruiin in Petorsburgh. Jt 
 was from this j)UM.ure thiU. llcurh produced his i)eautdul en^ravinij, 
 wliich, wluMi liiiislied, no one would buy, ihoiigli ollered at the pal- 
 try sum of .£10. l'\)rtunalely fur liltn, Washington at this juncture 
 died, and Ilrath « leared uj)wards of 5000 guineas by l.i*i cttpper- 
 plate of tiie American Ciocirmatu:*. A short cut to iIk; (piailern 
 loaf, or a shoricr to a leg of mutton, but lar beyond eitiierthe short- 
 est to your pocket, liaa imineasuralily greater charms in a Yankee's 
 eye, than the loftiest flip'h'- of liclion, or proudest work of art. Ho 
 does not willuitrlv ^'-t- " ''P osrape hh purse, withot;l a pretty good 
 guess, ii)at it HJiall return thiiher again in far h<'(tcr co«iij<any : 
 hence th<Mr woll-kiiuwn painter Doughty, (59) unable, frotn these 
 causes, to realize bread in his own land, is selling off his pictures at 
 Boston, preparatory to his settlement iii Europe, as a more conge- 
 nial clime for the pen aii'l the easel, ^ully of f^hiladelphia, vvitliout 
 disparaf^ing him r)y comparison, is rising fast into a fair Cross-At- 
 lantic painter of the human countenance ; Jonathan, Avho is chary 
 of his praise to all professionals 2iot his own, bursts nut, however, 
 with " No artist in Engbind (an surpass Sully in portraits." In the 
 New York Academy ot' Fine Aits, a national allegorical picture 
 has been exhi1)iting, for some time, as a r.htif'-(L feuvre by a native 
 artist, eliciting loud and vast fidmiration ; but upon judges discover- 
 ing it to be the production of a foreigner, these conscientious woi-- 
 ihies then changed their note, and went at it, tooth and rail, in 
 assigning the attair to some house-painter in England, or sign- 
 dauber at I'aris. Cooper, their idoli/ed author, in his " America 
 by an American," glancing upon lhe^e points, says. " We know 
 btile or nothing of music, painting, statuary, or any of those arts 
 \\hose fruits must be studied to be felt and understtjod." l^oetry 
 and poets arc in still less repute; IJalleck, their principal, is said 
 to be posting Mr. Astor's accompt-books ; Wetmore selling crock- 
 cry ; oprague dealing in shin- plasters ; I^ryant penny-a-lining it for 
 a newspaper; Hlllhouse hoeing potatoes : Brooks pickling pork; 
 Porcival manufacturing pills; t.-ke I'aulding swopping marine 
 stores, and damaged nninentionables ; n</n niultis a/iis, busy in the 
 cotton trade and sugar lint*. These unfortunate men ot lines 
 (peering closely into them) lidve great reason to regard their passion 
 for iliyrne as nosopoetic, or genr^rating di'?eafje, a word, tlicrefore, 
 
Misrr.t.T.wi'.oi's *RTiri,r«. 
 
 la: 
 
 g"- 
 
 Havi(i{^ DDtliliij^ to Ju, us a Vankee onte lruiisluto<l, n« iih note 
 
 Wlii^M tljo fusljion prevailed ammnjf.st oui latlios, of sus|icrKHii<; a 
 locki'f, f'rum the m-rk, ami v«M'y biM-.xnjrjjr 1 ulwiiyM tliongln it, on« 
 KiiJi* bcnritifr tiic ])orfi*u.i ot'ii lavtuvd dhjict, and llic otiior r. uu; lal- 
 lion \vorki?(.l in luiir, or ao/no coimectivt; device, these were ^'olJen 
 times for a cliii"* (A' nrtisis now nearly extinct fioiii want orjuiHtn)- 
 age. The ceUdmiled enanielist, Hone, If. A. \vu*i drit/iually of this 
 class, and so sucr.esstul as to einploy several ollitrs ; (iri'i ul" vvli')in, 
 by the ufitvr, oi llanuis, title r\Nar(is became noted on his own uc- 
 coiiiil, at or ill the neiufhborhocx-l ol Bart.holoTnew C'losn. lie wa.s 
 M pcak-visaf^ed, somewhat diminutive, })ut clever man; his main, I 
 may siiy s de ornj.'los ers, ^vere goldsiniths und jeweller.-, wdii' at 
 lliat iMu*'. made no sliow, but (iondiictcd their l>usiijess in iirivalo 
 houjied ; liis ih'-ee lie.st resided irj the street runtiing- out of Long 
 fiar.e iiito (.'harter-house S<|nuie ; in Chielx'citer Jfentu, Oiancery 
 Liirie ; and Huttuti fiarden, Holborn. All they had to do, wus to 
 write down what they wisliea him to desigii and «\eouie, in an 
 oval shape of a lof ket si/,e, and ho iorihwij'i did so ; each order in 
 i'act, being an original : the man that could do this, at the bidding 
 of another, must have attained some proficiency in the arts. I liave 
 seen many of his [)iece3 most <>x(juisitelv executed. Doulilless it 
 Nvas profitable; for one «)f his ongageeii assured me, that he had. 
 often paid him CI per day, for miuor productions of hi.s peiicii. At 
 that time, J hardly know if it bn so now, ladies' ivory fan.s would 
 have a cenlre-pi)?ce bcautifii! painted; some I have seen as liigh 
 as twenty guineas each, and i: any, I am informed, si>ld considerably 
 higher. Li IJiiruts' painUr^" r;)cm a china-painter, a sort of old 
 chum, also pursued his professional labors; a branch of llie arts 
 generally considered to oc(:(J[)y but a subordinate station : if, how- 
 cvoi , he i>e n prudent rnan — it is well to observe? how much depends 
 upon tlie particle tf- — very iur tVorn provmg unprohtable, ttince the 
 aforesaid one (Haydon) who s\rouglit abov«' 'venty years lor 
 Mortlocks, proprietors of the celebrated China U'arehouflo ia 
 Oxforil Street, has long reliied to Fitdield on the interest of .X5000, 
 every shilling ot which he a* <juired in their establishment. 
 
 '* \Vritui"3 oJ'Georofe Wj^ohinLT'on," by Yankee JSi)arks, in 2 vols, 
 place hirn in a very eejuivocul position, as a lobacco-e.\[)orter, land- 
 jobber, and petty dealer generally ; 1 suppose incited by a certain 
 |iarty here, who Hud the General's conduct too straight-tbrward for 
 their own crooked policy. The wooden coHin of this eniineiM man, 
 liaving decayed twice during the la^t 37 years, in the family tornh 
 at Mount Vernon, has been just replaced by one in^i\e entirely oi 
 Peniisylvanian marble. Two days after hie death, (Congress ob- 
 tained permission oi" his widow, to remove the General's remains 
 t'.) the capitol, and deposit them io a splendid cenotaph ; but THilhtM" 
 of these [iropositiotis hn^h been yot fulftiied. The m; nagets of this 
 
108 
 
 Misrr.l lAVRors AnTtri.F.f!. 
 
 lujsinoss, after viainnp; every corner of the L'niun for sulj«rription(i, 
 hiivi? rne w'nh bo littlo sucri'UH, tlmt. they talk of uhaii'Jonit)!^ tlie 
 iilt;i r ns liopelc^s. (T)!) Suf h is Anicnriin reward to emimnce nexl 
 gciiiuw! All ('XfrniMe liiii-l«nu:ili |)oiiriut <if tins truly ^'rrtit ninn, 
 uiH.1 a K).sfi hiist e»( Iiim, an.' tin; ('lily works <.>f art "m tlie Prrsi(l«.rns 
 }»ijiJ6t! ut VVashiiif^fon ; IkiiIi stitt and stately as th« rfnovvDOM Karl 
 of Warwick, in oor ancient casllo ol the satiie nnme, whoj^fi llt») 
 was firHt wriiteii fiy a l)oiiiiiitca:i friar named Walter vf Kxeter, 
 circa loUO. 
 
 When public tli'linrpiency takes pinco in New Vork, a ciifitom 
 prevails there et'ascrihiiif^ it to some recreant from the old country ; 
 the sali.-st, nnd indeed the only way of coming at flie truth r.f this 
 c!iar<i^c, Ix'iiiir nn exMiriination of tiie jad roll, I accordinj<ly inspected 
 I hat of its state prif»un at iSinji^-Sinp, — or //larv of stone, which 
 abounds here — wherein those delitujucnts are confin<;d ; and tho 
 result, as copied from its hooks of l&.'Jl, was 153b prisoners; w hereof 
 the native'? of KiiiL^latid, Scoiland. Ireland, France, Spain, Germany, 
 IJollaiid, and Italy, made togetlicr J(fti/-sb\ being an average of 
 ncvcn for each coinjtry: ihe propctions of subsequent years have 
 r.ot varied iTiateriallyfrom that number: the fore^oinff charge falls 
 therefr»re to the ground. Certain of my countrymen, I readily 
 tonced?, fravellin;,' Yankee-words, are already ijuito finished enough 
 by na'ur(>, without rc(|UUiiig any lielp from art. WMien k^ing-Sing, 
 or any other of their prisons, chance to be thinly peopled, this does 
 not prove a xck ol" claimants, but that their accompts remain 
 tznsetiled. 
 
 A ship, 72 Ions burthen, built by some farmers at Blue Hill, 
 Maine, seven miles IVom tho sea, belnj^ placed on a sort of slei>rh, 
 \vas draw n by GO yoke of oxen, aided by '.OO men, and launched 
 on her native element March H, Ibil?, in SiX hours. The stormy 
 and perilous coast of America occasioned the destruction, last year, 
 of tOOO sht|)s and 12'd-j men ; exclusive of tho loss of human life 
 by steaiji boat disasters, which now average one hundred per jnonih. 
 (119) 'J'he Dublin Steamboat Company, who have 17 vessels 
 employed in the Irish Channel, making 1000 voyages annually, 
 yet from the care used in their construction tuid navigation, not an 
 Occident has ot;curred to endanger human life, for the last fourteen 
 years. The i'ashicni of the rigging and sails of a schooner, is con- 
 sidered a New England invention, by Capi. A. Robinson, at Cape 
 xA-nn, circa 1714. Moosrs. Schermerhorn & Co.'s frame store, 20 
 feet by 40, chimney ami all iixtiires standing, in Ohio city, was 
 lately con\eyed on board a scow in the river, by a Mr. Smith, 
 and in three liours arrived safely at Cleveland, same state; — so 
 named from the river on which it borders, and though very po- 
 pulous, allows its governor the pay only of a common clerk ; as 
 llieirs of Rhode Island receives f>ut €90 a year. (1J3) A ruler 
 therefore in this land — a ruler did 1 say t Pshaw ! a windjack, 
 
MIiJCBl.LANI'.ors ARTICLKtJ. 
 
 109 
 
 1. 
 d 
 
 b 
 h. 
 
 90 
 o- 
 us 
 
 K 
 
 atUoniafon, fociotum, tiirnapit — has rm oiIut nlrernalivt! iliuii that 
 roct»rdt.iJ ot' Mr. I'nlmc jjovcriior ot' V^iTinont, vido Oli. Tlic foio- 
 jL^MHij/ iK^vcl r()ji\ oviiri<;(; u!';i li<>Us«»', it (dhMi })rai:fi3od upon » snvatn 
 of butHniMjt iloptli ill iIju IllinniK; whuso iiilialjiiunts uii" coiutnonly 
 callud ,wvkirs, lierauso luintLis and trav\lU'r8 here carry a lii«lk»w 
 rerd, wifh which, when in whdI cd' water, 'luiy ■^>/'/' it uj) frum tho 
 burrowing holo of a lamJ rral', always ' onfainini^' it iit llio lioiioin. 
 The liuL|ioii8 spirit ol' liiis popple, arid liiu hanelui till 'Ot.s ot'chrap 
 law, art Htr)ki;)j.'lv rxcnplificd iti iho iij-iitll^iiifscant I)i."»Liict C«iurl of 
 P»M)ria, Illinois, which this term (Ibob) had 4l(.') suitd on its docket, 
 and th<nipi;ii only iOO were d«»ci(h*d, they yt;l carrit-d judt;nicnts f»>r 
 J*^IOi;.()UO. Vidc! artwlt^ lnu-suit in Manual of <)rtlioe)»v, [laijo 43. 
 .Some >«riy that oiilhiws i'loni other couiiines abound lu llns stjte, d* 
 so, tlie foregoing connriunication exliibi'.s bad t istc and l»ut little 
 wit, since lc«,'al courts, ot" \x\{ other ])laccs, are about, the last they 
 shouhl be seen m. An ouil i\s may not. be slrit or niulln-aU'd, as 
 gei;eraliy snpposcsd ; but ii;s evidence cannot be taken in any i.0J»rt 
 of law, n«ir r;iii h-' succeed to an inlu'r tance. or ciaini any lej^acy. 
 The num!>er of vessels of all classes built in-tlio .Slates, durin<; I'^S'M, 
 was 900. Their packets to and I'roni lin|^land, are sometimes pro- 
 tnot(,>rs ot" great connubiality ; thus upon tix: last arrival ot' the 
 (ijadiaior Iroui London, live in the cfiltin, with one hundred and 
 ihirfyf'our in the siieera'^e, were married at New York- Ten tliou- 
 sand of tiiose emigrants arriviuL' there n> the spring of IbiW, 
 returned n<::.\\n to Eni;hiud lu the fill of the yame year. (V*J) 
 
 Tiie-se piiwnbrokers (111) are wholly sijppoiLed by the improvi- 
 dence of it!; operatives ; as juuch unhiied lor the clKce oi treasurer, 
 as children to keep their pence, because burning a hoh: in their 
 pockets; all of b!ame in which business they throw as lar frora, 
 never on thernselvc::.. as they can : tlxir doings this way rival those 
 of their brethren in b^ngl-md, especially at liondon, where fur inte- 
 rest only on shilhiig luuns ioi' a month, but usually redeemed in 
 the week, they are calculated to pay nearly r£,0O,OOO a year. 'J'ho 
 tradtj of a pawrdjroker has not at present found its way into Canada, 
 there heinjL'' not vet any law iliere to saiu tion one, — Those diiip'^sed 
 to be sceptical on iIk; hea-serpent, (71) are not aware that in bygone 
 ages, the appr^arance oj such monsters was by no means uncommon; 
 as more particularly attestetl by O. Magnus, archbishop of Upsal, 
 who, I5lj;i, gives a very minute account of them, as seen fre(piently 
 in those days, and upwards \i( 200 lect long : one was cast on shcno 
 in Orkney (conveyed by Denniark to Scotland in 1'126) duruiii; 
 1808, which measured 00 feet in length, and its girth nearly equ.d 
 10 that of the horse. These tenants of the deep have likewise been 
 encountered in the Norwegian seas, measuring full 100 feet long. 
 This altogether differs fronri what 1 havu been tf)ld, whilst raniblin<; 
 on a sea-beach in this region, by certain of the natives, and with all 
 imaginable gravity, — namely, that they have known fish to bcj 
 
110 
 
 MIsrKM.ANLoU ARXICI.KS. 
 
 kept ft>r years in a i'rovxn state, and tlieri restorrd lo life l>y a 
 gentle thaw ! 
 
 The m. u I u tact urn IS iind inor V; iiiics in New namj:»5hiro, at a 
 lair public incftlnpr, pa>=<Hl n.'soiutu)MS to dispense w :lh wearing 
 mourning for reldlives or iVituds: lollowod also by tlio.se of (_'on- 
 necticnt, so railed alter its princi})al imr ol tlie same name, Tliis 
 is pure republicanism, winch discountenances respect for tin* living, 
 and allows none whatever to tin; dead. It was one ot' the first 
 public acts fd'iljp colonists pre(;oding iheir resolf. (22) .Both linen 
 and apparel, over the whole continent of" America, are less durable 
 than in Eni::land. Trom ISIjd to J^-!6. certain profound dippers 
 ln?re into laundry matters, have taken out riuuhi tvo pa?(Mils fur 
 woshing machines. No !ia<l ap])er!dage to our old son<4, " Isn't she 
 a tidy one." For the information td'thosie soap-sud originals, Uncle 
 Sara's sivSters, 1 hear, contemplate nn impro\ement in iro7U/ig: 
 which is to spread out all the clothes upon a mammoth plattiirni, 
 then fasten the hot flats to their feet, and ^o skate o^ cr them fhi 
 Ubituip 
 
 (3n arriving at New V'ork, near a third of wliose population heiiig 
 Irish, the emigrant, on his way to Canada, or any part oft he Stales-, 
 is cautioned airainst paying his fare m advonee, at any of the pre- 
 tended oftlci .>, or siiavuig shops of that city, whose tonters are 
 always on the watch to ensn.ire rhem. In N(!vv York, IJlica, and 
 other towns on the line, are large stores of unclaimed baggage, 
 accumulating for the last tlfleen years; a genera] government bdl 
 is prepariniT- for their better leg^lation hcrc^atter. In the first-men- 
 tionrd place, 25,000 of its citizens resort, every Sundiiy, to the 
 grounds atHoboken, and 50,000, by steamboat anJ ferry, to Jersey 
 city, Lon^ Island, and atljncent ])arts. 
 
 A Doctor IJrandreth hwds amcngst the New York (juaeks ; ho 
 must do a tolorahle busiiu'ss, since his citv advertismnents cost him 
 S2000 a year. His be-l '• istomers are those most sni'ttc vi with 
 swcrls, here rivalling tiie w ivcs ot" the (irmid 'link, whose daily 
 consumption of sugar, though but ci^/ii hundred strong ! is 25001bs. 
 — The tond> ol'llie Cnpulets. (1 ."^i) ov stone coHin of Juliet, which 
 lies in a garden at Vt;roiia, now serves as a, tub i"or washing \e. 
 getables. A llistoiy of iionno ;uid dnliet, [:'^(\'i, in the Jh.dleian 
 library, cost the j)iopriet»)r .1*20, — Air of a dry and arid iiMture is 
 pregnant with disease; hence the climate of ('olnmbia, aj)art from 
 Its ra[nd change-:, \r- unhealthy, on accouiiL of the nnilii^nant animal- 
 culn^ infesting, its a.mospiiere. Thus even a New Yorker, on 
 arriving at Charleston, should ho feed a lieadache, and not attend to 
 It, may probably be dead before morning. The ijuamity of rain 
 falling here annually, is 4S inclu.v^, J^^ngland 24, and I'Vance IS ; 
 yet the former cou' s-v sulfers nun-e from drought, than cither of the 
 latter ; wdiich provt-s the remarkable dryne.s.«! of its aimosphere, and 
 consequent inroads upon the European constirution. On myself it 
 
MISIHILANEOLS ARTICLES. 
 
 u 
 
 iiad this utloct, I jicvei ielt rofre-^iio*! I'roni u ranibltj, as m my ovmi 
 country, but alwiivs rotnrned overcome by lassiluiio, wiiIkmi; i!h 
 least dfsin; to repe it it. in hot, though not oppro'^sivp woalher, 1 
 fn^qucnrly oxjieiieuced a tlifhcukv in hreaihii.i^t as if the next ro"?- 
 piratiuu would })o inv hi.'^t. Miiilst iny whoi*- system seeiiu-J as if 
 strung' tugfther hy wiro.s, oocas;on-ul!y wrous'l'.t on by eicctriciry, ur 
 a coiit)!.-.'!' -hit tVoiri torpedoc-. And for a fovv minutes after ^'oing 
 out on a cold vvinter'.s day, alwavs overt.ik<.'n by a ijuuhnislinivss, 
 and tendcnfy to naus*:a or sickne^y. Were 1 not hal/ituajly an 
 absteti)i()u-> man, ur had J joined in the eddthj profasioM of t!ie oonn- 
 Iry, I inui^i to a rertainty liave fal'on a victim : oujjlil \vi^ there'/ure 
 to be sui j)rised ;iL fho charnehhouse a>pect ol the native:-, or tlie 
 sudden and pri.Ma;i.iure visits Nxhich death j^ayrj iiinoni;>t. thi;ni { 
 And yet a certain Yankee v/riior has ccncci\ijd a mortal linlred to 
 ■in haic^iish one, for preferring the chmati? of Tta'y to that of Amer- 
 ica. y\y parity of readitnini;^- a eiimate thus artccting the vitality of 
 humunily, bringing it truly within the linuls ol a 'pan, nnist neces- 
 sarily iiaj)ede y^vci\t progress of t])e intellect, which so materially 
 depends- upon the Aigor of the s\.stem. - All hothous(} ])lants are 
 transient, their Tnes precarious, and end rapid. Let liim disposed 
 to don^t this axiom, give but slight atientuin fo the subject, and it 
 will speedily clciir Jt up, \'ide M(.>ie to vii'hifto^ Manual of (Ortho- 
 epy, page 07, — Tlit^ atorcsiid Dr. Bianlreth's auilacity in his own 
 piilHng iiailie!<, r.eurly >urpa'^^es that of another tpiack, (from a 
 German vvorrl im[>Iying quicksilver or mercury) iit a Jamaica paper, 
 wlio Immediately after the grei^t earthquake there, nd\ertifeed ]n\]A 
 to prevent persons or their effects sufl'eiing iiy earthtpiakes ! Two 
 hiutdred tierces o'l pill hoKOb were recently recel\"ed by a certain 
 pillinannfucturer of tliis cit'y, and so flouvisliing is liis trade, tliat in 
 a fortnigl'.l after he had sixli-en bu.shels of pills on hand, for which 
 ho had no boxes Ielt. — Of "Morrison's V'egetable Universal Medi- 
 cines,'' their sale he; c- arnouni •; to S'.'jOO.OOO yearly ! Newspaper 
 ad verlisenieiiis for American (inack medicines cost the prnffjs.-non a 
 million dollars annually : nineiy out of e^ery hmidred persons who 
 take then), *' Kdl themselves in uettinii well '" "The I'^rroi's of 
 P< oph? in Matters of Physic," liy I'r. Primrose, L.ondon, IGol, 
 with The (^u.'ick's Academ^y, a reprint in the H-irieian Mihcelluny, 
 should be intently re.ul by such pili-rioden w i^ht.s. Lest the leader 
 should be misled tm the a.ssumption ot medical titles here, that of 
 Doctor implies — any one enableil to rent a moderate watch-box, 
 and credit enough to stock it with a dollar's worth of drugs. 
 
 Mr. Oook, man-midw'fe of Albany — a woid equally mischosen 
 in both hemisphorts — harle(|ninude; his cards with no less dian nirtc 
 American ccdlege honors' The president and learned professor of 
 the only ch;«rtered mrdicai society — or spipcs, from the length of 
 their hil/.s — in the District of Columbia, when lecturing to die stu- 
 dents, has the muscles, arteries, Sac. labelled and placed before him! 
 
 E 2 
 
112 
 
 MiStfcLL.VNEOlS AKTICLE3. 
 
 Whilst an equally; learned })ro\\>(:': proiessor, to c;irc a liorse of walfr 
 ou tho br.iin, a-: tun'ly boix'cJ a ln.l*; in its ibrt'litaJ \vii(i a girnlft ! 
 This expose has bnen |)rovok(.il by rcrtain iriioliiianr. acts against a 
 rival practilionfr i'ivo\ thu uld rountry. Tlunr motlo of (juahlyiiii^ 
 f-'i thu' tiiedi'-al prutesslon is eilijor luiperrect, or its recipii'iils viiat 
 Kuropcans would call «iuacks. Theb<.' ori^jinals inighr. possibly i;iill 
 a -simple irotn Jcsselyn's ludaiion of Two Voyages to Neu- Eng- 
 land, printed l<i74. overspread with thuir sort of hac, and, for his 
 Baplchce in other matters, desijjjnated tlio old vornan. Their most 
 lit.eral dispenser oi' degrees, — t;\<;e[»tin<^ alwavs Philadelphia Uni- 
 versity, which, in its last batch oJ' honors, April G, 1S38, ereatetl 
 0)u hundnd and fif'f ij-fievcn beardless doctors in vicdicinc — is the 
 American Philosophical Society; the sauje that wrts hoaxed, for 
 l•efa^lng hiia a diploma, by their celebrated Judge lireckenridgo 
 sending them his grai)dmother',s far), j)rov)oLi8ly twisted awry and 
 painted, accxnnpaiiied \)^ a large piece of brown paper, soiled and 
 thrust up his kitchen chimney. AVhon, after o committee of seven 
 ftom amongst these Godiarnitcs, liad sat three weeks, with llie gra- 
 vity of so many owls in fullbottonied wigs, to decide^ on their 
 pretensions, t'ley pronounced the tun to be the wing of a Mudufsu';- 
 car haf, and the bit of brown paper as part of •,yilraJuuin\s s/urt\ 
 which placing in their museum w ith becoming honors, passed, by 
 acclamation, a vote of thanks to the donor. I'erhaps our best piece 
 of waggery of the expense of modern ai)ti(|uarjans, is the Kev. 
 Johu Clubbe's Hibtory and Antitjuities of Wlieutlield, in Suflblk, 
 published at Ipswicli in 1770. 
 
 Upon perusing an American publication, no matter on what sub- 
 ject, and in a strain not easily put on pa[)t'>r, the bold assertion con- 
 fronts you, thai it is superior to every tiling preceding, or, your 
 extra bashful add, that can succeed it either. There can be no 
 literai-y genius without freedom of opinion, and freedom of opinion 
 does not exist in America. (58) This their author, (G8) originally 
 cabin-boy in a. nu.'rchan'Jrian, is j;(>fed for his sul)ServieTi<-o to the 
 levelling groundlings j to })lcase wliom, on describing a monarchical 
 government, in the prefico to his " Bravo,'' lie has this passage — 
 " It embiaces etp'ally those institutions Ij) whicli the sovereign is 
 worshipped as a !^o>\, and those in which he performs the hunjble 
 offices- of a '/uonnakih.'^ Perhaps the writer is ii:;uorant, that the po- 
 pularity of his countryman Henry, ("io/) atone time conbiderable.was 
 ultimately lost by stooping to the humors of the provincial rabble. 
 Following tliO same track, Yankee Paulding, secretary of their 
 navy, j,)ublishing a tour in Ei'gland, among other thinqs hiic, tells 
 his Yankee friends, that the nieinber.^ ol' Oxford University know 
 nrthiug at all of the classics; showing, at the same time, his own 
 c'ompt;tence for this criticism, by citing a passage for Greek which, 
 Tinluckily for him, happens to be Latin. The Quarterly Review, 
 No. 30, well illustrates this illustrious critic: rumor, ever busy, 
 
MISCCLI.A.VEOTS ARTICl.F.S 
 
 J 13 
 
 avcr.5 of liim, that hcinic r-Miucslo;! to construe the ' Jttsi.'k word 
 gcoponici (aij'ricukural pursuits) he uid so by translating it *' gcc-uj) 
 
 Tiie 111 St Ajnorlcan literaty ]>ro(.]uction. I'lnng a translation of 
 Ovifi, l)y Cioorge Sandvs, tlion troasn;-> r (;f the Vir'zinian (^'onipajiy 
 (139), lias l/(!,-ii favoraljly notilzcd by Drydcti, in tlie prcdkce to his 
 own translation of that work ; and ofvshich, on its republication in 
 his natuo ccunfry Kngland, Pope, in his notes to the Ihad, observes 
 that EiipilsJi .ootry was much indcbt(Ml to tho beauty of Sand v's* 
 Ovid. — At a book-store in New York, 1 examined a Coinus ptinied 
 there, but so replete with alterations and omissions, that I mus fpilio 
 unconscious of its being Milton's, until a wrapj)er-noto assured me 
 that it was. Oiirbanl must base borrowed his I'rom Tlenri du Pny's 
 work, with a sinnlir title, isfruinc: from Louvain j?> 1()08. Anoiher 
 day I peered into one of their uniquely got- p c Inssic.il books, 
 which they called a A'irg'l, but f)f all the errata ni one publication 
 that ever fell in my v, ay, this certainly was the chief 'I'he most 
 rori-ect edition known of Vii-frih who died oirca 'JO years bclore the 
 birth of Cliri--?, was jn-lntod at Ed!nl'.*rgh in \'I3') ; anvl Pickering, 
 of Chancery Lane, iias published the sinalle:it. — Ki'go tlio honor 
 and probity of their literary and commercial woild may about shake 
 hands with each other. Further notice of Tran^allantlc writers 
 uuiy be seen in Reuss' Al})habt'ilcal Register of Living Authors, 
 r)erlin, ISOi. " The Lite of W. \Vilbertbrc(^, M.P., making in 
 Entrland six voluuios, we have compressed into nnt, by leaving out 
 trnnecessary parts, and it is much better than the original." This 
 modest announceniet is not put out l.>y .i, house of the Tegg and 
 Ijumpus order, bke Carey & Lea's, PhllaJelpiila, bu', I'rom one of 
 first-rate staiiding. I saw several cojiles, in private hands, of" The 
 Errata of the Protestant I51blt\" This work, appearing anony- 
 mously in the reign of Jami-s II., but since discovered to be by 
 Thomas Ward, was reprint' d at iJublln in 1807, and extensively 
 circulated, by the Pomish clerg}', throughout Ireland ; which at 
 once expLiins its being here. The Rev. (t. Hamilton, in bis "Ob- 
 servations on the Ronn in Catholic F^nglLsh .Uible," Dublin, 1826, 
 proves that the censures of Ward's Krrata are as applicable to it, 
 as to the Protestant Bible. Much howey(M' depends on bemg first 
 in the field, and Romanists reijulrc; no infonuatlou ou that head. 
 Having often seen a life of Iloiiu^ TooV- here, 1 sunpose it to be a 
 favorite ; criticisms on his Diversions of Purley — .*'c name of his 
 country seat, in which lie wrc/to them, otherwise luu ing no con- 
 nexion with thf! contents of the Ijocds — appeared in 179G, by 
 J. Bruckner; and one J. Barclay, in 1*^27, v .mtured at their con- 
 tinuation, but which, for any infoituation to t^'o reader, or profit to 
 himself, might as well have been let alone. 'J "he most elegant and 
 interesting criticism in our language, is that of Dr. Wartou on the 
 Genius and Writings of Pope. 
 
 
114 
 
 MlSt'ELLANKOrs AUTICLKS. 
 
 'J'hc only English uulliors tliat I could discover, who ever derived 
 a gratuity from American hookstjJlors, and this at the rate of a 
 goose-quill to a gold-mine, aie hut two, Messrs. Marryatl and liui- 
 vs'er, which would never have occurred, hut for the difiintcrrstrd 
 purjK>so of forestalling the market. T!ie custo/a witli tlicso liK^rary 
 j)irates, when other means iail, i,-' to hrihe soiiie Kiiglisli go-]>etwcen, 
 with a tew pounds, for a supply of the early sheets, l^enalry in 
 the States — when inflirtid (?) — i'or fraudulently publi^Jiing that a 
 work has been entered as co])y right, is Si 00, I'he first copj^er- 
 plate printing ])reRS seen hor(!, was set tip hy Dr. J'Vanklin. The 
 Maryland Gazette is the oldest pajier, having completed its ninety, 
 first volume. Que of niv weekly journals, tlio IMiiladeliihia Satur- 
 day Ncnvs, at two dollars per amium, crowded into a single sheet 
 the whole of Friendship's Ollbring for 1S;j7, a Bi-itish annual of 384 
 octavo piiges ! Three parts ot" ihest? enormous shec^ts are filled with 
 ijK^rcantile advertisemt-nts, and two-thirds of the otht^r by slip-sloy), 
 its modicum alone with politics : so that, unlike those of France 
 and Fngland, they ai-c compai''itlvely insignihcant in that hydra- 
 headed article. Another cause for tho imp(>teiice of theu- press, ia 
 its oxccSvSive dissemination, (27) artfully promoted as a grand poli- 
 ticil mana'uvre, by which they paraly/e its power. Although the 
 mail charge for conveying newspapers to all parts of the T'nion is 
 but three lartliings each, so e.vtensively do they circulate, that their 
 annual postage averages •'^;i(>0,'iOO — Which gazette (27) appeared 
 at V^enice in J 53'", and was published twice a year : thirty volumes 
 of this paper are iu the public library oi'that city. 
 
 Rochester is the gnjatesi Hour market in America, producing, 
 from its 21 mills und 90 run of stones, -''lOOO barrels daily. Tho 
 States animal consumption is 20,00(^,000 barrels. In England the 
 average produce of wheat is something abo\ e twenty bushels, but 
 America rather under twelve bushels the acre, owing to their 
 impoverishing the land by fn erworking it, slight tillage l;d)or, indif- 
 ference to manure, and new -invcinted agricultuial imjdenicnts : the 
 last wonder this way, being an rconoynwd field rake, roipiiiing ordi/ 
 a wagon, some liorses, and a few men to work it. Their fine and 
 miiltit'-'dinous cattle sprang from a bull and three heifers, imported 
 front England by Mr. VV inslow, in 102 1, the same that wrote 
 '• Good News from New England," London, 1(324, with si'iulrios 
 on the same subject, in the British Museum. At vvhat time, and by 
 whom the horse was im]>t»rted, is not well ascertained, hut it was 
 first seen in Canada IGOo, iccompanying M. de Courcelles as 
 governor of New France, by which name it was then known ; they 
 now, in both Canadas, treble those th.it were to be ibund in all 
 England during the reign of Elizabeth, Thrashing-machines make 
 a detonr in season amonjist th<; wealthier farmer.s, and in Canada as 
 well. It is worked by four horses and eight men, turning out l/)0 
 bushels of wheat daily. An acre of timber l!>nd produces sixty 
 
 H 
 
MISCELI.ANF.OLS AIlTiri.ES. 
 
 11a 
 
 
 cord of wood, supposed to yield one half good. In America, New 
 Hollaiid, anil »r.hor untiilcd coiititric'?, wlirti tlio orig;i lal forest, is 
 biiriit or cut down, trees of a (Jitr.'reiit oider spriiip: up. tSpeaking 
 of \\.)()d, if wo yio t.c» !)(> <xuidi-'il l»y u Yank* c's oh.--orvuti()ii, f I'vl it 
 seeni.> i,'orv ///AiAfv- if kcj»'> out. of doots. tliuu wlicii well liou^od, 
 some of Ins having goiio a quarter af a vi.ih'. in one night. A hint 
 not now, as a similar appears, T boiio%'o, in tlie Adventures of an 
 Atom; a key to wjiich i.s to he found in \V. Davis' '"Second Jour- 
 ney round the Lihrarv of a Jjiblionianiac." 
 
 '■Ill . . "■ - 
 
 1 lio revojiirinnary tloorway plar ird, " Xo tea drunk liere," they 
 now proj)oso converting into "No flout used here.'' to defeat the 
 inlamou-, jii-nctices of speculat(M-s in liuit article, "^riie fulron hox 
 (l(>t)) has not gone into operalion. hiicautse regarled as too rnuniH- 
 cent ! lint, in lieu thereof, the citizens of New t.)rleans have voted 
 hiin a monument, which, pvrhaps, liko that of VVashingUm, (JS) 
 may appear, but nobody can tell w hen : thus his widow and children 
 ))0tuioni:d for bread, but were given a stone. Jt has been said, th.it 
 no nolif was over taken of Fukon, by tlio vendors of remarkable 
 biography; but o'ive the old gentleman lus due, — 0. Colden, in 
 1817, published his Memoirs at N«?\v York : and tho . .;• in no wise 
 remarkable iur paucity of laudation, .still it wouldn c do, since the 
 man was now dead, and there was tlu'refoio nothing further to bo 
 exrract'.d from him ; conscfjuetuly Jonathan, wiili his wonted gene- 
 rosity on such occasions, lelt hi.-, biography with its publisher : an 
 attention very common, but it must be confessed not »'Xtfavagaht — 
 a word in primitive times meaning a digression from the subject, 
 thougli now veiy rarely u'^ed in that sense; perha])s impartially, 
 being the ancient inlerprelaiion of inditTerently, niighit be of some 
 service on this occasion. 
 
 Tlic observation in IGS, ndative to a probable rise of water, is 
 not so speculatu e as, at first sight, it may ap])ear to be ; since, from 
 a sudden rise of theiivm? Ohio and Mississippi — pro miss-svs-sii^pi., 
 a corruption of .he Indian title nuffusisi-pau — in the sunmiet of 
 1S;jG, whicli overflowed their banks, incalculable mischief was done 
 to the large sugar ]ilantations above New Orleans, covering them to 
 a tiepth va-ying from three to eight U ot. — The graves of the regi- 
 cides are in the rear of the centre church at Middletown, (Connecti- 
 cut. Three rude stones denote the spot: one is inscribed with the 
 initials E. W, (E. V\^halle\), the otlier marked by those of M. G. 
 ( -M. Ciofle) and the third indented with the characters J. D. 
 (J. Dixwell). The place where they were first concealed, still 
 goes by the name of the Judge's Cave. (Ho) Lives of the Kegi- 
 cides, Lon«ion, IGGl, fetches vani»us prices in book auctions, from 
 •:^'l IGs. down to 7s. An edition by kStiles, Including some accoiint 
 of Mr. Whale of Narraganset, another supposed regicide, came out 
 at Hartford in Connecticut, 1794.— Waterton's Wanderings in the 
 United States, 1812, &:c touch upon ornithcjlog} , and contain good 
 
116 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS MITICLES. 
 
 hints for Its cabinets of natural history. — The promontory oi'Nahant 
 was the retreat ol' Uio Quakers during the jiersocution of iht; early 
 settlers : it is now a surnnier resort i'or the llishionablo and inv;)'ud. 
 (r>) Here, irom its salubrious .sea-bree'/es, the thermometer, on a 
 hot day, is nearly twenty degrees lower than at Boston, whose 
 inhabitants, from an analysis of its water, drink annually liuje enough 
 to make a column of marble two teet in diameter and lorty feet 
 \oJtg. Tl.oso desirous ot' its muievalogical and geolot^ioal ])roduc- 
 tions, must eorisuk Kalni'? Travels into North America, London, 
 1770. Since the passage of a law in Boston, prohibiting all persons 
 from selling ard(mt spirits, except druggists, no less than seventeen 
 hundred and eighty apothecary-shops have been started in dillerent 
 parts of that city. An evasion equivalent to the absurd one of the 
 Spanish Ivnighi's of kSan Jago, who in a religious auto of tiieirs, 
 declined allowing our Saviour to be elected a member, on account 
 of his Jewish origin! but coinproiiiised the diiliculty, by founding a 
 new institution expressly in honor of the disqualified ctmdidate. 
 entitled " TZ/e Order o/'C/irist." 
 
 American watering places, unlike other countries, are generally 
 inland : her rivers and sea-coast being considered unhealthy in 
 Rummer. That of Saratoga, whose waters, ti tough perfo-.tly cold, 
 arc at all times ngitated like a boiling pot. and should never be 
 taken but under the superinlendance of an experienced physician, 
 is a crowded assemblage of inns and boarding houses ; the principal 
 whereof being the Union, Pavilion, Congress, and United States ; 
 a leading one coos, by the na;ne of the Iteligious hotel, because 
 frequented by ministers and serious people, and having regular 
 domestic worship ; originating with the followers oi' Wliitfield, 
 perhaps in compliment to his parents' kcseping, and himself being 
 born in one : he delivered ] 8,000 sermons, as recorded on a tomb 
 to his memory in Newlmryport church, America, where his remains 
 lie under a moveable cover, so that his scull, perfect, clean, and 
 fair, may be handled by a visitor or devotee. (11')) A Bosionian 
 opponent to Mr. Whitfield, from the throngs of tradesmen and 
 laborers that attended his exhortations, calculated that each of those 
 exhortations, was a dClOOO damage to Boston, anciently Shaumiut. 
 Its neighboring village of Lynn, (19) is surely the most industrious 
 In the world ; for in addition to making 4,000,000 pair of shoes 
 annually, it catches, by way of pastime, a million coJ-fis}). 1 saw, 
 in Boston harbor, an elegant bark nftnicd Wary Chilton, in honor of 
 the first woman that landed, at Plymouth, in 1620, from the jnlgrim 
 ship Mayflower. And in one or two instances, the late shopwindow 
 announcement at BufJalo, " Walk m and name your price ;'' also 
 " Book and bandbox store." 
 
 Extremes bei^et extremes, an axiom well illustrated in most, 
 certainly this commonwealth : as they are such latitudinarians in all 
 matters connected with what they would deiiue as liberty, making 
 
 
MrsCELI-ANEors ARTICLi:8. 
 
 117 
 
 Id, 
 
 of 
 
 im 
 
 )\V 
 
 so 
 1st, 
 
 us un(!crsr.in(Ilni» problematical, uiiqticstioimbly •-^njoyin^ it less 
 than other penj>le, il Ibllows that they «'oiise(|uoiitly will reJL'ct 
 supremacy in all tilings, nay spurn even (li?peusaiini.s tVom on iiiirh, 
 and cry noncontent with ilio mission of our l^ord. 'ri.MU'rh th^s ifi 
 frt.ijuently o!' a supi.rhcial l)earing, as3umif;g (jr tlismi^sin^ it with 
 a.s much uncoricern as they tak*' (jirAtio garuit'nt or pi • on ancthcr, 
 and wliich, wlu-thcr from ill-usage or the climate, beini:^ loss durable 
 than in other re"ions, miikin"!' a cloak at all times essential Ibr its 
 bolter concealment ; .nil! tlicso leveli'^ns of every thinp held sacred, 
 have tried all known laiths, but with no 2:ond, at least no satisfac- 
 tory result, siiice they are daily inventing uthcrs and seeking after 
 new. Hence Girnrd'a emlowment, vide 00. Talk of the Je\v3 
 cruclfvinr;- our Saviour — why? not one of tl)(^ St-ites, f occasion 
 oll'ered, but would re-enact the deed; aye, and with aih'-tions. too, 
 that would mock a Hebrew, I'rofes.sion, lull of contention and rife 
 with error, is paramount with this people ; whUt the natural dis- 
 poiilion is allowed to indulge in any excess it plea'^cs : thus the 
 lips that can utter things such as angels breathe, will wanton in 
 externals that would shame an unbeliever. As in ethics so also in 
 theology, thev are constantly bewildered -in a creed which thev are 
 unable to exj)lain themselves, or any one for them: else, when 
 driven to their shitb, the atliiir is th(.>n a mvstery — and !• you still 
 exhibit doubt, the subject a sacred one — which sijould an\ body 
 fjucstion, he is T.hereu)n)n an Inllde!. As St. Paul relates of the 
 Athenict.'js, so it may be said of this people, that they ;ire the slaves 
 of novelty, nothing, provided it be new, bein^ too ab^jurd for their 
 acceptance. It is ) be regreUed, that whilst so mu.:)) real is daily 
 maniffisting itself for taking the mote oat of a neighi:ou:-'s eve, no 
 society shouK' yet arise, for inducing men Brst to i-emove the beam 
 from their own. Anne Judson's " American liaptist Mission to the 
 Burmese Emj)ire," Londof, 1825. also '' Murray's Historical 
 Account oi' Travels in America," form exceptions to the above rule. 
 Anotlier impostor, with an additional feature of impiety to this 
 one, (170) named Sweet, near Auburn, Cayuga {Kaugh-yHgah) 
 county, N. Y. under the guise of a new i'aiih (here numbering aome 
 hundreds), has drawn around him a society of women, solely for 
 administering to his cupidity and lust! A native writer, elevatin«y 
 his countrymen as a model for every other, in treating upon nervous 
 disorders, rirst on the list of its five peculiar diseases, rheum.atism, 
 intermitting fevers, loss of teeth, and colds, makes some allusion to 
 their connexion with religious excitement : accordingly, the apolo- 
 gists for such abandor.ed scoundrels ae above rn<. ntion<^d — and of 
 these, unforiiinateJy Ibr the community, they are never lacking — 
 have seized upon tiie hint, and making all that they can of it, the 
 wonder now is, not that these ntiscrcants should be made shorter 
 by the neck, or sent gratuitously on f.ireign travel, but rather, as 
 maiy comates before them, that they havu not been deified or ca- 
 
 1 ; 
 I I 
 
n« 
 
 MlsrKr.l.ANKOUS AnxiciKS. 
 
 noni/ed at. least. A pretty instrument truly for roforming otliers, 
 wlien tlieinselvos abandonecl to inrfimy and vice. Men who havf; 
 no re-jiict for th»ir f^i'dfeintT or Crcntor, cannot ])(• «<upposrd to 
 entertain any for the ciraturo; hcnoc these polluted vagabonds vie 
 vviih each other, in trying how liir they may trespass on tht; credu- 
 lity of their \ iciims, so as to avoid actual detection, or dive into 
 their j)ockets witiiout cornng out at the other end. As a subject 
 r/ot inripplicabie to tins one. Cotton Mather's American work on the 
 J'Jctdesla.stical Hi.story of Xew J']nghirH.b J'or its \> itticisms and puns, 
 roystoring rhymes, and small twaddU;, is certainly one of the 
 strangest theological productions that ever Ml in my way : those 
 having seen that singular work, may perhaps smile at the compa- 
 nionship when 1 add,.( might be no unfit associate for tiie "Widow 
 of the Wood," (Ann Northey) an extraordinary book, making its 
 appearance at London, IT^-'*. Lavington, bishop of Jvveier about 
 I7r>(), in his " Enthu.sia>*ni <.f Methodists and Papists compared," 
 with notes by R. l\4svh« le, in IS'JO, is a valuable production, atid 
 bears strongly upon the preceding melancholy sui:»ver>ion of pro- 
 fession and principle. J would also recommend " The Antfienticity 
 of the Scrij>tures," a translation from the German of Godfrey Less, 
 once a denier of Christi;iniiy himseli'; an inestimable work, because 
 it embraces tlio whole of the <!videnco which coi;vt:rte;i him: like- 
 wise examint; Simpson's Sacred Literature, published atUiraiinghara 
 171)0, in conjunction with hia Plea following it, at Liverpool in 1812. 
 A well-penned article on various translations of the Scriptures, 
 includitifr a notice of the learned ar.d elaborate enquiry on the same 
 BubjtHtt by Whittaker, will be found in the Quarterly Keview, vol. 
 23. Vide also Wilson's (!Ihristian D^itionary, 1G12; the first 
 attempt in English towards a Dictionary of tlie Bible: he died 
 167(5, vicar of iNIaidstone In Kent, 
 
 A test oath, dec'aratoi-v of a belief in the Christian religion, was 
 at fir. St observed ihroughoiit tho States; but as iheir peciple exist 
 only in novel ly anil im pro cement, this is fast disa})pearing, and has 
 altogether doiu so in iht.' State of Maryland, granted to Lord Bal- 
 timore by Charles I. as an indernnitication r'oi- his hhss, fiom political 
 causes, of his province of Avalon, Newfoundland, on which he had 
 expended c€2.*>,0U0. Though I have said that blasphemy is punish- 
 able l:)y the authorities, ((>0) its enforcement is unpopular, and the 
 law itself a mere non(?ntity : this state of things prepares us for the 
 follf>wing^: in the New York State Legislature, assembling at 
 Albany, 1838, a petition, headed by the first Jud^'e o^ Monroe 
 county, was presented, demanding the repeal of all laws which 
 forbid ordinary labor on the sabb.ath! and the passage of another to 
 prolnbit ministers from perlbrmingthe marriage contract and. acting 
 as insj>ectors of public schotds ! with a third one to reject the Holy 
 Scriptures altogether from said schools !'! At a large and densely 
 thronged public meeting lately held in the city of Rochester, N. Y., 
 
MiftrKi.i.^NEAus Anrin.Rs 
 
 IIP 
 
 the succeeding propositions were loudly and uojirovintrly discussed : 
 " Ttiat it is an infring-jmont on natural and constitutional librrfy, 
 for thf legislature to reijuire one day in seven to l)o kept hoK ; and 
 alsi) i|i;it it i:i an inl'i iniroment upon lihfrty. to roqnirf jinv witness 
 to give ins •videiice upon (jaili, aiasrniK.li .is tin; teiulfi ing juin an 
 oath, r(.'(juirc.s from him, by implication, nn a^o\v,•ll that he heTu'vcs 
 in a S'lprcnjr; Being and a futur" slate, which holict", thougli it n)ay 
 be desii'able that men biKHild enffrtaiii, yet none shou'd l)e n.-qiiind 
 to dtulare." i'lils party in F>ostou, to Sj>read ti .)r crivenorncd 
 p(.-»isori stiil wide I, s' iM)|) or write an<'Cih»fes, ritJiculiiig tlu? Cliiistlan 
 religion, on e\eiy l>ank note that conies in their ■v^"ay. One of the 
 toasts, given ni a pii!)llc dinner within this rity. fini.1 which is to bo 
 .^een in the Jinsten Atlis of Feb. 9, 1838, was the following, 
 " Christiatiity and the Banks — tollerino on their last lt'[{s — niav 
 then* downtall be speedy." Lastly, walking one day in Chatham 
 Street, New i'ork, 1 stoj>ped at a book stall, and turning over some 
 loose ])aniphlets, carm^ to two \vith ihesr? tiflo-pa<:is, " (iod for onr 
 cc7if," " jV^ (ioil tor two cents."' Lord Shaf{esi>urv's Cliaracterisiics 
 are generally believed to have do)ie mure harm to the cause of 
 revealed religion, than all our otlier works on mfidelily cornl^ined. 
 Whilst tlie ApoloiTv of Benjamin ben Monlecai for etnbracing 
 Chri.-:tianily, by H. Taylor, A.!\l., a v».'ry learned atd ingenions 
 work, eouTains the most lormidable attack against \vh:'t is called 
 the Athanusian sy>'tern, of uny tliat has yet appeared. George IIL 
 would iie\ei allow th<' .-refd by ihat name to bo repeated in his 
 presence, If we would learn how iha "voIup far// principle" In 
 sacred snbjec^^ \\orks, we have only to direct our attention to 
 America, where it has left ^ory little nioi-e than the mere nairie of 
 religion ; and even this, as has l.ieen already shown, it is laboring 
 hard to destroy. 
 
 These their mtetnjlnable creeds hav^e the usually bain-ful accom- 
 paniirionts of secessii:)n, or party anomalies. Their Baptists, for 
 instance, have v.n less a number than jijl»'fn splits or divisions 
 amongst them. The barriers i-ound our faith being once removed, 
 very commonly terminate in leaving us none, or next to none at all: 
 the consequences are not alone of the .same desolating character as 
 an invasion of the fences round a cultivated enclosure, but far more 
 important in their ulterior result, inasmuch as the latter pertains 
 onlv to our present condition, but the Ibrmer concerns our I'uturo 
 .state. Peruse "A swarm of Sectaries and Schismaticjues," London, 
 164L L) these Tnatt',.'rs appearing to be very badly toled — not 
 from the tole [loU f) of a miller, but tolc, to train up. 
 
 The Americans have also their tli^male illusionists ; one of which 
 class getting up a book cramnu^d widi new-light imperlic'ctibilities, 
 straightway mounts the rostrum of some conventicle, and after a 
 rhapsody of Hy-away crotchets, proffers her work to 'he wool- 
 gtttherir^;; larabkms. The last of this stamp that I saw in Toronto, 
 
1:^0 
 
 MISCr.l.LAVF-Ol > A«TICLr..M, 
 
 \vi\s a Miss Niu.ny Ttiwlo: the. luwchy ol' ;i woman in tlm pulpit 
 JnitfJo nio an au litor: lior li(iran«.7U(; lustcU r.vo hours; which she 
 rcpcnied sovoral tlinrs uftt rsvarcl.s, hiiL 1 did unl my vijit, lj(Mng 
 i.vKjtonlf'd with liio first. A /t':di)t put her Itook i'.to my hiinds, 
 which I skimiju'd fdtor ihu Trianiicr of ducks iiiid dnikos in a mill 
 j)ond, being iho groatcst doplli 1 cojdd over persuade luyself'to go, 
 or would advise ofh. t'* to do. into cbuUitions of ilji:* port. A sister- 
 in-tlie-ikith of this illusioii-inoM'j^fr, appointed ;i set d;iy for walking 
 on the water, to prove the divinity oi' her niissio'i; on arriving at a 
 river for aocoinph^htiig this miracle, she aaked her followers ii'tliey 
 believed she- could perinrru it ? to which thf^y blitjdly answering 
 *'yes;" "In il;at ease." she returned, " ih<;re is no necessity for my 
 doing it."' And enlcrmg lier rarnmro, for they sporteti lier a £|ileii- 
 dill one, drove ^ery coolly away, without tlielr tirst ducking Jjer in 
 the stream, thcn^ to hive away their folly, tumhling in themselves. 
 
 Tho American ladies' understandings, id est, /<^i,^v, 1 am told, 
 being no connois-;eur tliat way mysulf, lack lilllng up, like their 
 busts, fieing in tliis respect \ery dissimilar to our daniafls oi' (,'ol- 
 Chester, remarkable for their gnod imderstandings ; now, indeed, 
 passed into a proverb, of which 1 never mot witii any explanation, 
 unless the following (juotation, from the lOGtli number of the S[>ec- 
 tator, may be reckoned so : " No one was ever a good dancer that 
 liad not a ffood underslandina." In this latter bense, .IJ.aiiibles in 
 Kurope, by Fanny Hail, New York, 18l>9, have no extraordinary 
 claims ; but very large ones, through every page, to the unmeasured 
 pretensions of her countrymen, which swmg-and-swagger h'tter- 
 carriors, or elevated menuds in the halls of knowledg<', as a little 
 anecdote will bhow, do not conhne themselves to their larger cliil- 
 dr'jn. I was one day Matching the students of this coUci^c (Colum- 
 bia, S."*) at their diversions, when one of ihem, aliout IG, coming 
 close to where I was, indu»'.ed me to say to liim, — " I observe, 
 young gentleman, that you and your comjianions often use the 
 word l(cJ<, meaning, I sup|)ose, to chastise; ])ray, can you favor mo 
 with its derivation ]" "Why." he answered, " from the Roman of 
 licior, to be sure." "How so V I rejoined, "for tliat w'ord comes 
 from the Latin of //<,7//.v, a participle of the verb Ug<^, to tie or bind, 
 and therefore not answering your construing " The reply which 
 followed, and indeed that I anticipated, was — "I guess you're an 
 ignorant Britisher." 
 
 Ahhough I observed tliolr public speakers to pronounce assume 
 properly enough, yet in their use of resume and presume, ihey 
 force in the A (pres7am:ie), being an error v\hich Dr. Sheridan, in 
 his dictionary, falls into, and therefore deemed Hibernian. Some 
 of them likewise misaccented the verb Collect, giving it that of its 
 noun — pronouncing also Courier and Currier the same way; which 
 1 suppose to arise from carelessness, or the force of bad example. 
 The word Courtesy perplexes them exceedingly, but for my own 
 
 
MlSCLt.LANIXM S AitTICLIiS. 
 
 i-n 
 
 y 
 
 In 
 
 b 
 
 p.'irf, I can't umlcrsfiinil wli^ it shoiilcJ, us it Ims no iru'.niicr of 
 HllJiiily fo ropuMicaiiirfwi, nor, at least, wiili tlinlr pt)(uli;ir views ol* 
 it. As tlio sul»»tai 'ivo (\)urlosv, or suavity of :n;uii:L'ri*, when irn- 
 plyinfj; an act ol' lovorcnce, loses a syiluhic \a pronunciation, ii 
 woulil l)o inoro consl.stont to write it CVrAvty/ than Courtesy, and 
 inii^iit tiicu [iroltablv save Joiiatlian i^<.iac. trouble : whose abuse of 
 
 Urn . * •, . . • 
 
 rath (r«tli) especially in his coiwenlicles, is pretty genera! ; the 
 
 excuse of some of hi.s brethreu for so ofrenijing, namely — to tliiiiin- 
 
 jj;ui5li it fruiri tlie adjective \Vri)th — goes lor nothing, as that word 
 
 has bteu loug obsolete. Your small wits and penny writorji, great 
 
 talkers uid litih; doers, are always critics; and like certain menda- 
 
 tiinarians who utter the san)«? lie io often, as filially to believe, it Ki 
 
 be true themselves, can disoi?rn the faults of others a great way off", 
 
 but can't see llie length of a nose into those of their own. 
 
 If the neL'ler-L arisin-jr frorr; this retirlnorness in an Kncjllshmar), 
 sprmg iu a measure from himselt, (iS) 1 .should, m that cnse, say 
 the blame was his; but if, on the other hand, it rests with the au- 
 thorities, and In.' leally is recol\ ed here in. the light of an alien, then 
 the blame Is uiniuestionably theirs: for which thoy should be made 
 aruenable, ami the .S(»oner it is done, the more befitting their miscon- 
 duct, and tJK' injustice of lh»; case. To whom docs tlu? country 
 belong, by whom supported, and on wh<im rely, in the hour of peril 
 and danger, but England] And is this the way that you reijuito 
 her for considerations so invaluable and above all price! Foi- 
 shame — but htire let mo puuse, lest my p^ui, in its zeal, get tho 
 better of discretion, and it be induced to sanction language not lestJ 
 "cpulsive to my nature, than injurious to my lecliugs. 
 
 A literary man, to whom such trifles are as dew-drops on rose 
 leaves, might imagine tliis deviation from the centre in vif/ lord 
 Timothy DexUjr (oS — who at onv. time, aided by a confidant, had 
 himself buried alive, that he might have the pleasure of hearmg 
 what other people said of him after he was dead) to be lx)rrowea 
 from Sir J. Dalrymplc's Memoirs of (Jreat Britain and Ireland iu 
 the ISth century, who on mentioning any eminent male or female 
 character, calls them "Great he and Hrratvr sh.i^C^ or of Major 
 Langton's translation, from tlie Spanish, of Srpiire Marios de Obre- 
 gon, the model from whence Gil Bias was drawn — but this I doubt, 
 because (piestioning if Ids lorihhiji ever heard of such per:onages, 
 and thei'efore not in a condition for ijuoting them. A flight rather 
 too high for your cofnfnon j'coplc ; an expression with which, though 
 many persons find fault, on the plea of redundancy, after the man- 
 ner of a female girl, or a male hoy, I must take the liberty of dis- 
 senting, for, without reference to other obvious authorities, have 
 we not a rich people, a poor people, good people, and bad peoj)lc'? 
 Had the objection been raised by an American, I should have taken 
 il for nothing else but soft sarcdir to the mob. 
 
 I 
 
 L 
 
122 
 
 MI8Ct:i.l..\NF.Ot8 AKlltl.ES. 
 
 In oj)|'ijsni(ir» to all otlmr civilised s()ci»;ty, unJ I'll venture ii^ 
 add, uncivilised us well, a strungi^r ia \<;ry gt'M»T!illy received in an 
 American or Cunadian circle, pariiruluily if it b(? vliut in culled a 
 professing one, or in iisowu <|uaint plinncolofTy, "/</.v got rvhiiion," ^ 
 will) just as much cordiiilily as tliey would exliihil in a inennjiorio ol 
 wild I.»eu6ls, on wiiirh ili('\ nmy sluro and git/c, biiL lake euro to do 
 so at a \ovy ruHpr'cfidjle distance. Hcueo thuir tendency to mount 
 tlie great horse, or jil.iy the tyrant here, hut, as is the ciisi; amongst 
 rrjosl oilier |ieoj)le where such tendencies prevail, on irieet:ng with 
 a r<'hufV, they ()uir kly disinour.i again, sinking as <|ni(lvly into duMr 
 natural insigniticance. It" tho.se who are coiiiinually exhorting 
 others on proj)riety of ounduct, could be ualuced to a(:con)p;iny 
 their exordiums by the foree of example, v,ith how much greater 
 attiMUion would they bo listein-d to, witi )ut rerkoning on tlieir 
 additional worth in iho estimation of the conjuiunity. It surely was 
 I/i one oi' those assemblies, th it likening ronver.sation to a tootball, 
 which every on*, is (should be) at liberty to kici': it' he ])lea.se, must 
 have oriijinated J t-ince its members are at all tiine« disposed to give 
 it such hard knnoks, as t,c< burst it outright, or dismiss it altogether, 
 so that thev niav tlu n have a clear Held for displaviiu'" their own 
 importance, and [)eculiarly long bow. Under nu circimistance oi 
 life, do education and a well-regulated tnind s:o truly develope 
 t1iomselvt!s, as in ihi-i l)n(> ; nor, on the other hnnd, could a better 
 opportunity bo atl'oi-iled, for piibruxhing the want of either, 
 
 At the corners of many streets in New Vcnk, 1 read post'nv^ bills 
 (because originally stuck upon posts) announcing " A church lor 
 sale or to let ;'" beneath this should havt; been placed the notifica- 
 tion of a ntnghbounng storekeeper, that he had " A good 5-econd- 
 hnd pulpit chea{>." Mha^/oi^iralli/, as f Vive heard some Irarned 
 Americans utter, but a man wishing to be intelligible would say — if 
 previoiiftl 1/ uniiifluenred by just pi'inciples of right and wrong, no 
 one but must be disgusted w ith, on perusing the succeeding para- 
 graph, ratJK.T than btM-aptivated by them here. (80) The sectariann 
 in this country, at tl ise periodi-al exhibitiotis they call revivals and 
 love-Jfa.st!f. have a w;.,y, peculiar to their creed, of public confession, 
 one-half of which, if true, would, in .England, subject the confessor 
 to be hanged or transported. As a sample of their insincerity in 
 the avowal, witliout at all (juestioning the iacts them.selves, take the 
 following instance, one only from many others, that occurred at a 
 revival not far from i'oughkeepsic, in the Indian tongue Apokcep- 
 sing, meaning sop' harttor. During one of these meetings, and at 
 
 the end of l» strong outpouring of ianatic jargon, a deacon C 
 
 got up, and concluded his criminatory admissions, well sr>iced and 
 seasoned, with " 1 am a miserable, wretched, undone sinner, and 
 deserve to be abandoned by God and man." Now it so happened, 
 unluckily for the deacon, that a neie'hbor of his was accidentallv 
 
MDaCEI.LANI'.Ol.S AUTICLK8. 
 
 i:iJ 
 
 
 j»rcsniit, \s lio, ii slioultl .•'oorn, liad gtux] lonsons for sniiscriKinj; to 
 ifie afciir.loy ot" iiis i'oiii"'."'sl(jniil, unci l>«'lit!viiit^ !iim >nic».>r»* iti nitikintj 
 it, llu'reupoM arose an<l acUli'd, " I I'oel it my tiuty tt) In rir witiioss 
 U) tlio truth of wliat ilic clrucon has just said, lost yo iiiighl ho srru- 
 ]»i:lous in fhiit iii-.it»i»r. llo hiis iiiliiiiilt^d hirii-<i'li" tvi ho ilishonot uistl 
 a sroiiiidii'i, wiiK-h I ih» couHi'iii iiud vocit'v." W'hi ii'iil iho dt;uri>n 
 jmii|j('d up in groiit \vrii<h, and voht'inently uttori;ij:, ** You lie ' 
 you lic!'^ disTuissod the flock in a spirit very rctnulo indeed ltuu» 
 meek Olid penitential. 
 
 'I'his yuiirtiir.i.'' towards fho nnrirnt Kv'>mfins ('01) e\'itiC(;3 much 
 eouueni.ihiv : l'<>r the lust and uhuse oliiAver, with the ijiti-lerahie 
 nrrogimce of i!;ai; rnnownod t.'fHTimonu<3alih; u eourso zofdou^lv 
 imitated by every owv. sjuoceeding it. I'.ir sur|).i.ssetl any nionan-hy 
 tiien existinijf, <ir whirh has situ'c exinted. 'rheir Cnnirnonwealth 
 lasted 'iOr) years, liuf die kui<,dy and imper'il power ujueh loUijer; 
 finally expiring on the division ol' the empire A. \). '.V)'o. Tlio-sc 
 of this pooj)lo moviti;.^ above the ordinary tipluto of life, atlect to he 
 so cnamourt;d with the name of Hriitus, us to make hiui a constant 
 tlieme [or th»'ii- uni|uahfioi.l approhatior ; which proves tlial they are 
 u'laccpiauited with the iuducei\unts to that a.-sa-islnatinn, and en^ally 
 i|/norant of its real character. Tlio mother of Hrutus was Cfpsar's 
 mistress! iloncfj this )ier «on, wiioiu they eulogise as conspiring 
 to henoHt the repuijJie, eould live for years in social intercourse, 
 nay, and under the .>ume roof v\ ;th the seducer ot his motlier ! 'J'rue 
 patriotism and love ol countrv, can '.mlv hti found amonjjst the i{ood 
 and virtuous. Their j)arusitli'al Haitery on the above occasion i?, 1 
 should suppose, moi-e appro}u'iato than tliey imagine, since the 
 ^vord Parasifc was fjri<_;inally the title of a magistrate at Rome, who 
 had (charge ot" the public {granaries of ccnai. 
 
 The populous town of Komulus, u) Seneca co. New York State, 
 is said to have been named by a ^.^uirite renegade. On the death 
 of Romulus, founiler of Rome, he was deified under the name of 
 Quirinus, wl«ich oriijjinuted with the Sabims, who on Mieir union 
 witli tlu) Roman.-;, stipulated that Rome should retain its narre, but 
 the people thenceforward be calleil (^Inirites. from their own capital 
 of Cures'; a term by wliich, liowever, they are hardly known, at 
 least never tjuoled. Nuina l*om[»ilius, (7l>(> years before Christ) 
 was the founder of an institution called Puntijuta (its chief priest 
 being called Pontiftj Ma.th/tus) \Anvrd of I'ontifex, a comj)ound 
 word from the latin oi' pofio, a bridge, imd fartrc, to make, because 
 the priests first built the Suf'Hrian bridge ai Rome, and were en- 
 trusted with the care of repairing it. This institution answer.-- to 
 our Sion C!ollege, the emanation from which, "Convocation of the 
 Clergy," Cromwell, as soon as ho had the power, set aside by a 
 substitution of " The Assembly of Divines,'' (and a rare sample of 
 divinity they afterwards proved) comprising lib puritan preachers 
 and 26 laymen, assembhng in the Jc/usalem Chamber. "^^ 
 
 _^« 
 
124 
 
 misci::lla.\eoi:s article.'?. 
 
 act was to vote tliernselvt.'s 4s. ii day (jacli, no iriile, whon wa con- 
 sider that money hiis since increased 12 time's its then value (our 
 convocation niet gratuitously): by their second and more important 
 one, they voted tlie Lord's Prayer, the Apostles' Creed, and tho 
 Ten Commandmenit:. to ho e\[)unged as useles'?! in conjunction with 
 rejecting tlie Common Prayer lor a farrago of their own called 
 " The Directory." Whilst all these precious guardians of sncred 
 matters made it a rule, whenever one iijll in their way, never to 
 pass a baptismal font, without first converting it to the vilest 
 purposes. 
 
 I saw a stray American edition of Dr. Adams' lloman antiquities, 
 generally prefeired to those oi"Dr. Kennett, and who also published 
 a Latin Dlctionar^^ — but, as to be expected, fit only for curling hair 
 or match papers: an ancestor of the author put forth a Latin ]Hiem, 
 of considerable merit, on the subject of J^ondon, which, in 1677, 
 was translated bv *:«"• t*". of Grav's Inn. Adams is a name of some 
 note in our scholastic world. Jf their reprint of these Antiquities 
 be of this de.-cription, what must we say to their extraonlinary one 
 of our Common l^avv Reports, forming above 100 thick, closely 
 printed bvo. volume.^, which they publish in 32 thin iarge-type 
 12mo ! how many cas^s are lost in their own courts, and others as 
 repeatedly 7WH-pros\l \a those of Canada, by using this ghost of the 
 original ! 1 sliould consider any other depo.sitory but a jakes, as 
 defiled by their presence. A bound book of theirs, from want of 
 what is technically called hcaiipi':, \\\\\ appear to be half as thick 
 again as a same sized one in ours, though really containing one-half 
 less, for the fraudulent purpo.se of deceiving the buyer, that, in bulk 
 at least, he may seem to ha\'e a good pennyworth, 
 
 Yankee almanacks balHo description, and, in their prognostica- 
 tions, are rmrivallKJ by those of any race under the sun. Their 
 doings that way originated with Isaiah Thomas, of Massachusetts, 
 who, on printing his for 1780, one of tho boy.- asked him what he 
 should put opposite to tlie 12th of J'dy. Thomas being busy, an- 
 swered "Anytli'ng, anything." Tlie lad thereupon set " l*ain, 
 hail, and sfio>v,^' Tho country was amared ; the day arrived, 
 when lo ! it actually rained, haild, and snowed violently! From 
 that time, Tliomas' Almanack was in high repute. How many 
 wio'hts of the same school, have been indebtt^d to a tlafh-of-hghtning 
 notoriety, by a Imp e([ually fortuitous! particularly, as a sample, 
 our celeb'-iited Mother Shijiton, who so long and so tyrannoudy 
 ruled the destinies of an eniiirhfciwd community: and even now of 
 no mean consideration, since her life, published in 1G77, and forming 
 the siibject of a drama, acted nineteen nights in siiccesslon, fetched, 
 at tho last book sale 1 atteiuled In England, c£2. ^s. the Ibriner, and 
 .£3. the latter. 
 
 If you express any doubt before an American, as to the durability 
 of his republic, those of then that have read deep enough, quote 
 
'\ii6cr.Li..\M:nL s akticle:-;. 
 
 V2o 
 
 tiii'.a- 
 "lieir 
 [elts, 
 il he 
 an- 
 'ain, 
 iveJ, 
 
 laiiy 
 Ining 
 
 |\v oi' 
 
 inng 
 
 jlicd, 
 
 and 
 
 iUity 
 luote 
 
 tlic iSwi.ss confederation ; but tins, in reality, is about the weakest 
 .'luthonty they could well have seleLted ; tor \\ is notorious that it 
 must have peri.shed long since, but for the ir.utual jealousies of the 
 powers surrounding it. iSuch are the demoralizing effects of repub- 
 lican |)nnciples, their loose hold of e\ery obligation, whether sacred 
 or profuiie, that l^shop England has publicly declared, that thieo 
 millions of catholics, since they came to the States, hiivc 'apscd into 
 indifference ; abandoning the profession of their own creed, without 
 accepting that of any other. 
 
 'I'liese fn^shets (135) often do much damage; thus the Bridgeport 
 paper lor March says, " Anived the sciiooner Fame from Charles- 
 ton via New-Lond< '!. Whilst at anchor in that harbor, durinir the 
 rain-storm on Thursday evening last, the ramo was run Ibul ot by 
 the wrijck of the Methodist meeting ho\ise from Norbich, which 
 was carried away in the late Ireshet." Such incorrigible whitlers 
 would put even Dutchmen to the blush; (76) amongst vvhose pea- 
 sants distance is said to be computed by the smoke of their pipes ; 
 telling you that \'roi\\ such a village to another, is about two pij)es, 
 u whole one, or half ditto. This origin of tobacco, (112) say some, 
 is doubtful, being Hrst imported into England from Tobago, in the 
 West ln(iie.s, by Sir F. Drake. Others maintain it to be an abori- 
 ginal plant origiuidly found among the Floridians; wlio smoked it 
 as a substitute for food, not as Europeans ouaft' wine and fermented 
 li(juors, or the Turks ai.d I'ursiaus eat opium, bang and betal. On 
 first npjiearing it was called Indian henljane, being un<juestionably 
 of Itidiaa origin, most of whose tribes, like the ancient Persians, as 
 related by Herodotus, whom Cicero calls the father of history, had 
 nealier temph-s, altars, ncir statues. Smokers should read Syl\ es- 
 ter's *' Tobacco battered Jind the pipes shattered." Orit; means of 
 Havorln-;^ 'eaf tobacco, is by selecting a lat, porus Dutchman, and 
 wrapping the article, from top to toe, n^md his naked body, encir- 
 ch?d in flannel, additionaUy with his usual clothes, to prismote pers- 
 piration ; tlien walk h;;ri briskly some two or three hours, until in 
 a poriiict steam, and on cooling oft', the affair is done. 'J'obacco 
 thus flavored, and a peculiarly rich one it is understood to give! is 
 In great n.'pute amongst Jew segar-maker.-^ : a delicious morsel 
 truly, for your f|ui'lde!s and whiilers. Queen Elizabeth, near the 
 close of her reign, became orie of Sir W^. llaleigh's converts in the 
 narcotic i;ulul<.;on( e of suiuking, hiiust'lf so extravagant a dresser 
 that, on coutt days, 1; 5 very shoes blazing with diamonds, wero 
 worth >1'7U(>0 ! Slie occasionally wore a robe made fjom the sdk 
 grass of which Sir Walter's colonists sent a quantity to England, 
 and he used a hat for particular occasions, manufacturcxl from tl:o 
 same material. Mats, in the early part of lu-r reign, were u luxury, 
 all p6i'son>;, inider a severe penalty, being obligetl to wear a sort of 
 woollen cap (to ixjiiofit the wool trade). In tjie chun. h\vnrd<*n'ti 
 accompts of the parish of Fulham, is this entry " 157!S. l^aid for iho 
 
126 
 
 WKSCF.LI-A.VEOUS ARTICLES. 
 
 discharge of the parish of Fulhain, for wearing hats contrary- to thof 
 Statute, 5s. 2d." Sir W. R. in the sixteenth century, introducec? 
 the potatoe plant into Encriand from Virginia; but it was not gene-' 
 rally used in the New World, until taken back again by a colony 
 of Presbyterian Irish, who settled at Londonderry, New Hamp- 
 shire, duriuiJ^ 17] 9, One of the rnanv slanders, with which Sir 
 Walter was assailed, that which hurt hitn most, as it was intendetl 
 that it should, was his being charged with being an atheist: this 
 gave rise, at his earnest request, to Leonard Lessius' " De Provi- 
 uentia Numinis et Animi Immortalitate." Another cause for the 
 settlement of this colonv, were the inducements upheld in a black 
 letter of 1G08, called " Nova Britannia," accompanied by "Nova 
 Francia,'' (Louisiana) a translation from the French. The black, 
 letters on Virginia, Wheatley's "Good Newes," and "A Trve Re- 
 ktio4itV London, 1G08 and 16L3, lh». latter by T.Watson, but 
 really written by the celebrated Capt. Smith, who, in writing, 
 always distinguished the noun ti/U from its verb tinct, which is 
 never done here : the orthography and orthoepy of a word will 
 often be at daggers diawn ; a list (jT a dozen writers upon this 
 subject might easily be furnished, who shall :il} agree in the former, 
 but every Tian of them difler upon the latter, iv its pronunciation.. 
 Coj>land's Thanksgiving Sermon fur Virginia, London, 1622, has 
 this passage, "Adjoineti arc some cpi.<tles bv Peter Pope, an Indian 
 youth, who was baptized Dec. 22, 1016. '" He is therefore conjec- 
 tured to liave been the first aboriginal confirming there to that rite. 
 On a sign board, over a tobacconist's shop in a bye street ol New 
 York, were three grim figures, with the following poetic effusiom^ 
 which I copied, written beneath them : 
 
 Wc three 
 Broiho's be. 
 
 In tho same! oauso ; 
 Tdiii pud's, 
 Bill snuff's, 
 
 And F chaws. 
 
 This is terse and to the point as the answer of our ambassador at 
 Vienna, who being asked by an iVustrian nobleman " In what forest 
 is the Griffin on your heraldic end)la7.onments to be found V qui-stly 
 replied, " In the same as the Eagle with two heads on those of 
 yours." 
 
 Whilst weatherbound at Qneenston, U. C, I was amused with 
 the surprise of an English traveller on his way to Toronto, who it 
 seems had a letter to deliver to a person in Queenston addressed 
 • ■ Esquire and Merchant, proving simply to be no greater 
 
 personrige than a Scotch Yankee pedlar, keeping a common huck- 
 ster's shop, requiring no aid, not even an errand l>oy ; who. on 
 receiving said letter, superscribed with the above titles, was then 
 eorvjng two never-combed urchins, one with a haportk oi snuff', tho 
 
 : 
 
^ 
 
 M.SCELLANKOUS AUTU'LES. 
 
 127 
 
 Ir at 
 
 Ire St 
 ?tly 
 of 
 
 rkh. 
 |o it 
 Ised 
 liter 
 
 ick- 
 on 
 
 jtien 
 tho 
 
 
 other a three-farthing candle. Such sort of follows in the same 
 proportion that they feel disposed to elevate their own dij^nity, are 
 as do£rgedly bent on lessening that of others; thus he -vho from liis 
 positioti in the commerciiil world, is really entitled to the rank of 
 merchant, they sink to the level of a potty dealer ; and another 
 whom they know to be r.ot less the gentleman than .1 man of for- 
 tune, as discourteously address by the terra of misfr.r. This war 
 on the social compact coi.tinually wages in the States, as every 
 other place imbued with their overbearingness : an imitation, after 
 the manner of the Ape species, from the Jvomans ; forcibly remind- 
 ing one of their social war, an odd term truly for a war, w^hich 
 arose from their refusing to grant the rights of citizenship to their 
 Italian allies. 
 
 As regards the rapid growth of horticultural produce liere, take 
 an anecdote. Domiciliating with a gentleman, we w^»*'» -r-nc morn- 
 ing in his garden, when the servant entercvl to draw a lettuce for 
 lunch, but which he forbade her doing until dinner time, as, on 
 inspection, he found a salad would not be ready until that time. 
 This I suppose to have been the case, for on masticating one at 
 that meal, he occasionally halted to exclaim, "Capital! grown 
 to a hair!" 
 
 The window sashes of this country are provided with springs, so 
 as to keep up at convenient distances ; the only advantage of which 
 is, that they cannot be opened on the outside- I prei'er our own 
 method of a line, weight and pulley. The plate glass of Van Rail- 
 ingen's shop windows, ( 'licstnut street, I'hiladelphia, ibr expenso 
 and show, rival those of Etherington's, Ludgate Hill, costing up- 
 wards ofS20 per pane. Several instances of similar extravagance, 
 before the late fire there, were to be seen in New York, the au- 
 thorities whereof, upon the arrival of the l/ronch ship of war Laii- 
 rra^ having on b(tard J}oireau, the accomplice in Fieschi's attempt 
 to assassinate the king, very properly declined returning her salute. 
 Landing rebels and assassins on any shore, is surely not an import- 
 ation that ought to be welcomed by military honors. A pane of 
 glass that costs sevenpence-haHponuy iii Canada, would in li^iigland 
 be three shillings. The windows of early settlers, instead of glass, 
 were supplied by ])aper : and so lute as 1S20, whole districts in 
 Canada, and remote o;:es evon now, are so distinguished. A lady, 
 whom I know, told me, that hers being glazed with white, in lieu 
 of colored paper, was regarded as evidence of great gentility.- 
 Strachan of Aberdeen — no relation 1 believe oTDr. Strachan, Bishop 
 of Upper Canada — published there in 1820, his visit to the latter" 
 province in 1819 : it is a respectable work. 
 
 The father of Mr. Wright (1 '"'>!) was I'orn at Hull in Yorkshire^ 
 hence the name of his son's settlement on the Ottawa. Jame» 
 Wright was originally in the American army, and assisted at the 
 revolution: but no sooner was that event brought about, than di** 
 
 r 2 
 
128 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS AttTICLES. 
 
 t 
 
 gustcd with the rcj)ublio and its proceedings, he witlidrcw himsi-H, 
 and settlini^ on the Oltawn aforesaid, is now, witli his Nvhole family, 
 nutnberinnr, by i^iitli and inarria;^e, full 100 individuals, besides the 
 village, or ratlu^r town, inchidiug' 2000 more, llrni and uncompro- 
 mising loyalists. His farm iiouses, buildings, and lands, are in the 
 best possible condition, and closely approximate tothjse of Engi;uid, 
 the fatherland of his ancestors, and the loved one of their descen- 
 dants. This settlement reminds one of the patriarchal do.ys, what 
 "writers say of the golden age, and Illustrations of the Manners of 
 Ancient Times in England, printed at London in 171'7. He is now 
 turned of 90, but from his temperate haliits, possessing the activity 
 of one not above half that age. He is much beloved, and as uni- 
 versiiby esteemed. Whcm Lord Dalhousie was (lovernor-in-chlef, 
 he made the oJd gentleman a present of two brass field-pieces (G 
 pounders) which are kept in admirable order ; he is wont to say 
 that if he weio a younger man, he would march with them to Que- 
 bec, and soon settle the treasoiis of Papineau, whose revolutionary 
 practices so disgusted sonie of his own family, especially Ins father, 
 that he long since, scjiarated himself from him, retiring to a chateau 
 in his seigniory on the Ottawa, opposite tho estate of my frieiid 
 Capt. K of the llp[)er Canada Legislature. Air. Logan, mem- 
 ber of the British senate, wiio was educated with Pa])ineait, and 
 well oc(]uainted with hun, always called hui! "the greatest coward 
 and the greai-'St liar he ever kneVv'." 
 
 A main cause for the little reputation attendant on the American 
 army, is the great amount of labo. exacted from its privates, such 
 as hay-making, wood-cutting, builduig ;ind teaming; so that the 
 duties of a United States soldier, parlicnhirly at an outj)ost, exceed 
 those of common day-laborers. Hundreds of iiistances occur of 
 rnen serving out their wdiole term of enlistment, with.out being once 
 "a sentiiiol on itcist." its fouf. cn.s('?/)/j/c is •duvtimn::: hm mi/i^afn', 
 Vi'hich can never be otherwis(? under its ])resent form of govern- 
 ment, diat a'lows but ir^'iO or X6 lC>s. per man, for annual clotliing 
 and outfit. (oi>) Asa s})eciinen of the prov.ess of their s:)id regular 
 army, 4000 of them, assisted by GOOO vi)lunfeei's, have been kt.'pi at 
 bay, for several years, by .ihout six //if/,": red Seminole Indinns. 
 Though, ac(;ordlng to the Yankee mode of amu)uncing lla.'st; things, 
 thic war is said to have ended //tree times, NAith jdenty to do still, 
 every other day is expected to proiluce a foui-th ending. It ha.5 
 already cost them $20',000,000, more lives in the r(;gular army olono 
 than double the force oi' tiie enemy, an infinitely greater anjount 
 amongst the militia and volunteers ; ibur counties uepopulated ; the 
 frontiers of Georgia ravaged ; depredations carried to tlie suburbs of 
 St. Augustine and Tallahassee ; besides siu:dries not easily come- 
 at-able, by these }mf-do}cn Indians. The following New Orleans 
 bulletin from head (piarters is a fiir hit at the bombastic one:;; this 
 redoubtable army : " Glorious iiowa! A great battle, and a grand 
 
MISCF.Ll.ANF.OrP ARTICLES, 
 
 129 
 
 "g 
 lur 
 
 at 
 
 lis 
 
 lis 
 
 vicfnry ! NtMvly killed one Indian, cnrtaiiily wounded Ills Sfjuaw, 
 auil (^u;l;t! t'ti|^dili!ncd lior papoost;. AVo cap'iiivd om> prisoner, a»id 
 should liave taken a -ecoiid, liiid ik! not alter a cliiiso of" o(> hours 
 outi-un our cavidry.'' b'or particulars uf'lliis region, formerly coni- 
 pri.sijig- all thi! country east of the Mississippi, \ide Capt. llibauld's 
 'I'ruo Discovery ofTerrn Florida, then Engli.-;}ied the F lourishing 
 .Lc./ii], London, lotJo. vSee also Roheia's work on the same subject, 
 Lond<.)ii, 17'):>, Tlu)&c wishing information on the natural history 
 of the Floridas, must procure B. luunan's work thereon ; New 
 York, n"/!). The secretaiy of t!ie war department at Wasliington, 
 estimates the warruirs amongst the fighting Indians at 70,000 ; and 
 Kays, with the indomiiahlo assuraiice of his country, and the Semi- 
 nole war staring hirn in the face, that 7000 Americans are sulHcient 
 to keep them in check. If these waniors were by any mc;in,s to 
 unite — st(!ps })eing now taking aiTiongst thturi fir that purpose — and 
 advance under an cfliclent leader, Jonathan would \ cry soon find 
 out his gross miscalculations, and that he had indeed made " an 
 awful mistake." We know very well of what materials the heroism 
 of this people is composed, and if they were less ostentatious in 
 displaying them before the world, they would be more entitled to 
 its inclulgence and fo 'bearance. Note : the desertions daring the 
 last three years, from iheir standing army of G188 men, (3(ij accor- 
 ding to their own admission, is si.v ihovsaiidf As there Is no pro- 
 fit, with just as much honor in playing tiie soldier here, setting 
 aside other items, we are fully prepared far so extraordinary a 
 <lesertion. This subject remiiids me of a certain profound .scribbler, 
 ((;Jird!estone,) who, seized with a fit of the Columbian furor, in a 
 volume of some thickness, ascribes the Letters of Junius to ' 'encral 
 liCe of tlie American armv ! 
 
 ^ ml f% % 
 
 Many are the instances crmiing under my knowledge, of indivi- 
 duals amongst that low class in l^^nghind r; lied radicals, generally 
 held as too contemptible for the designation of party, on emigrating 
 to Americii, remainu.' there Just long enough to illscovor, without 
 confessing, their error, or being utterly ruined, then crossing to 
 Cfuiada for a living and subsistence. One in particular of this 
 O'Connell tribe, a l)rawler in hedge alehouses on tlie paradise of 
 America, at length ventured tliu her himself; beggnry and starvation, 
 liowever, piesenily disconifUted \\\a Hiry-ljudt V'sions, and forced 
 niin to seek the paternal sway of England in herooloiiy of" Canada; 
 vvliore he has not onl^\ reared a large l"amily, but nc(pnred also a 
 considerable property. 1 wish 1 t'.ould add that he was grateful 
 for these advantages : but as hi.s bubble-l)lowlng bretliren condes- 
 cend to no claim on the cardinal virtues, we may regret their doing 
 so, but should not feci surprise at their positive abuse of thorn, and 
 scorning every rule of direct right and decorum, thougli as to that 
 matter, your radical carps not a pinch of snufl'for any nde unless, 
 like his principles, it works both ways. If any person, first securing 
 
130 
 
 MIPCKI.I.ANCOVS VnTK.'I.ES. 
 
 himself antler an misuspirious, i. c. non-vcputfil>lo appca xe, will 
 but venture into one ol" ilirir Hf^scrnblif's, remain silent inere, and 
 reti-aiii from any inTiCrilion oi tiisgust, vs (.ustin;^ liis eyes in one 
 direction, and liis oar3 onoilier, I'e will not otdy be of my opinion, 
 but tiiankful for tliis advice. The intimate associate of this lovy 
 partizan, a journeymaM riir])0?iter from Ciirnwall, iMnit:;rated hiMo 
 some poven years since, wiriiniit sixpenro in his pocket, or a second 
 jacket — for coat he had wonv. — to his hack ; yet in that time ac(|iiired 
 a property which he sold lor a .IMOOO, and thereupon dei)arted for 
 Ohio, in the Suites, because hi; cnnldn't live here. Private acoomj)ts 
 say tliat hJs litth? f()rtune iri ra[)idly disappearing, being in thp right, 
 country for its ih>ing so; and i;is return is expected dally, pennyles.-j 
 as when he first arrived. Another and certain tanner, arriving in 
 absolute jiauperism, though now abounding in wealth, would re([uile 
 the country where he became S(^ by plunging it into anarchy, and 
 its government for protecting him, by insult and subversion : that 
 the reader may know something of the equity which governs this 
 woithy in his brsiness, fur a lyound of calf leather, that sells in 
 Enghmd at l?s. Gd" he exacts r)s., and for skins producing there many 
 shillings, ho liberally [)ays a few pence, though their fabrication 
 costs him incalculably less than in the old country, and their com- 
 parison with whirh, on the score of durability, from a peculiar mode 
 of tanning, realizing '|uick returns, is at an enornious discount. 
 A worthy of this sciiool, scrd'H'Ung; [ivrifi/isf xi^ out of the question) 
 to a farmer in the Komo District, for no good motive, as may be 
 inferred IVoni the answer, received thi;. 'ply, " There are no real 
 grounds here to complain of; our taxes are very light — mine for 
 hist year not exceeding n dollar, for one hundred acres of land, and 
 all my farming stc>ck. 1'he inhabitants of each township select all 
 their town officers, and members of parliament are elected by the 
 I'reeholders. If, instead of wasting your time in political meetings 
 at taverns, got up by their landlords for bringing grist to the mill, 
 you were to attend to your farm, and mind your own atTairs, both 
 would then bo in a condition very different to whfit J well know 
 they now are," So hir as ]:)ecuniary affairs go, 1 never heard of 
 politics, in the old country, palling sixpence into any man's pocket, 
 but 1 certainly do know, that they Itike many a one but. Touching 
 other matters, their jiestiferou.s influeiice a?-e as the Sirocco blast or 
 tJpas tree, producing nothing but death and desolation. He who 
 thinks to find them different in the New World, is grievouslv de- 
 celved, and under a mistake that will undo or destroy him. Even 
 O'Connoll, on noticing the above brands of outrage and disorder, in 
 his speech before the I'recursor Society at Dublin, reported in the 
 Dublin Mall of November, 18.38, uses these terms, " The conduct 
 of some of the radical leaders in England is most horrible. There 
 gst them, that remind me of the sanguinary miscreants 
 
 are 
 
 some 
 men anion 
 
 tf the French revohi.ti(?n, Oaetler may be compared to Jourdain 
 
MiSrm.I^ANEOrs ARTICt.F.S. 
 
 131 
 
 he 
 
 '? 
 
 Stephens lo Maral — and Feargns O'Connor fo Danton." A radical, 
 he fniirht hav'- addod, Leint; a man wluise ;ilfectinn.s centre all in 
 6c!f, IS insunsible to any generous ov kinufod emotion of soul ; and 
 whose heart, therefore, when he has any, is not only lianjened against, 
 any good iinpressinn, hut like a dog's nose, cold, black, and greasy. 
 iMucli of this restlessness, this kindling U[> of j>iiantoms light and 
 flitting as the wind and fancied grasp of substance when nothing 
 but a shadow, so foolisldy received as jxililical excitement, kept 
 alive when near expiiing by sundry lazy knaves, who find the art 
 of deluf.ling n3uch easier than tluit of labor, for securing them the 
 bread of indolence and ease, — datts its origin from that season of 
 theory in the land, wheti our porters left their knots, and the pea- 
 sant his plough, to be manufactured into s^hoUirds Enable either 
 of these men, if unable to do so befoix?, to wnte his name, or read it 
 when written, and wdiat's the consecjuence ? why that he considers 
 Jiimself a genius, above every ordinary occupation, fitted for com- 
 mand, and to regulate the world. The mischief is not in education, 
 but the wrontr time for ufivintr it. 1 i childhood, it is an even-flowinif 
 .stream, gentle and refreshing in it noiseless nieanderings ; but be- 
 yond that and riper age, an irruptive toiTent, impetuous and un- 
 reined in its turbulent career. .Scot'and is an exemplar — 'reland 
 its antidote — since there, as it ought, education begins in inikncy, 
 and of every other, as a ()eople, they are the most orderly and con- 
 tented. Radicalism and O'Connellism an; doing their utmost to 
 .deprive them of these blessings ; but I have too mucli confidence 
 in the right feelings of the country, to fear for fhe result. Many 
 persons that I formerly knew, of sound principles and sterling 
 worth, on being won over by these agitators, liave been so jilted 
 out of one and defrauded of the other, that I should be indeed loth 
 to entrust anything in their hands, and as certainly to meet them in 
 a bye or dark lane. I have no wish to intimate that the holders of 
 these opinions are necessarily rogues and vagabonds, but no hesita- 
 tion in adding, that they are in the right road for becoming so. 
 
 As a link in the same chain, the operatives of England nnust 
 always have some bubble to wrangle about, like dogs snarling over 
 a bone : tliat in most favor just now is the Corn Laws, which verily 
 form the greatest they ever had, lor which 1 do not so much blame 
 'lem, as those rabid agitators, their pretended but Will-o'the-Wisp 
 friends, who noisily promulgate what they know to be untrue — 
 that their repeal will make bread cheap, encrease our export trade, 
 gain a monopoly of the foreign markets, therefore cause a corre- 
 sponding demand for manufacturing labor, and conclusively main- 
 tain a high rate of wages in their respective districts. To prove, in 
 a few words, the fallacy of all this, before ve can drive the manu- 
 facturer out of his own markets, wo must first learn lo manui'acture 
 as cheap as he does. To do this, we must adopt his standard of 
 wages, which, according to an accredited agent (Mr. Greig) before 
 
 I 
 
132 
 
 MlSrEI.LAXEOUS AUTiri.ES. 
 
 #* 
 
 a cornniittoo of the House of Commons, is ris follows : In the colJon 
 milJ.s of France the ;LVtraf:;o is hA. Stl, per week; S\\ ilzcrland, 
 4s.o<J.; Austria, 4.S, ; in the Tyrol, os. 9(1. ; »Saxony, 3s. Gd.; and 
 lionne, in Prussia, 2s. Gd. At Nuplos tlu? spinners ol)tain only 6s., 
 Avhilst, ours get. 28s ; llioir rt)vers are ])ai(l Ss, 2d., l)ut ours receive 
 7s. Observe, the hours of labor in all the preceding establishrncnls 
 are far greater than in anv one of ours. Jf these facts do not con- 
 vince, 'tis vain to exp(*cL that a)iy arj^ument will. Those dema- 
 gogues, therefore, that for their own sinister designs, propagate 
 fiuch fabrications, dnsrrve the scorn and contempt of our arti/.ans. 
 The whole herd of these worthies dealing in those articles, ranted 
 in the same way against the timber, coal and leather duties, but 
 when those duties were taken off, did they at all lowei the pricr^ of 
 eitlier ] not in the least, but, contranly, moved them a stej) the 
 other M'av. Of any evil known, that of coming under the tender 
 mercies of such friends is surely the greatest and most to be depre- 
 cated. To confute the intolerable exaggerations that these lour- 
 mart3 of evil are continually palmm<:» upon their dupes, — that nine 
 out of every twelve hours of iabor are required as their (juota to 
 the national expenditure — considl the annals of Jersey, whose inlia- 
 biiants pav no sort of excise or customhouse duty, nor contribute 
 one penny to the national debt, and yet no working man on that 
 inland can live in anv comfort without his t.wehe hours of labor. 
 At another time they tell their crediilous li'^lenors, that oi^e-half 
 their wages are consumed in taxation — here coiiiinitting themselves, 
 for if, as before stated, three parts of their labor are rerjuircd for a 
 simdar [)urposc, it follows that wacres miist be in the same ratio — 
 which is not merely a base but v/ickod fabrication to the injury of 
 others : in addition to many skili'id calculators, 1 liave takf n some 
 
 {)ains to discover what projjortion they really do pay, and lind it to 
 )e one twentieth part, instead of one half. The f-arne insinceritv 
 pervades their loud announcement that wages are high at New 
 York (now however seriously reduced), and so are provisions, 
 clothing and rent — but on thcpo, as lialf-tohl tales alone suit their 
 purpose, they breathe not a ?yllal)ie — Y\hlcli equalising, nay ex- 
 ceeding their wages, where then are their advantages] These 
 mendac^lnanans garbage about iinivc^rsal suflVage, vote bv ballot, 
 short parliaments, and a hundred otlu^r bubbles empty, 1 wish I 
 could add guiltless, as the hea<ls in v.'liich they addle, are in full 
 op(u-ation through the United States: and how do they operate? 
 Why, as they ever did, and ever will— tijat is to say, so far from 
 ensuring what they pretend to do, to the utter confusion of their 
 visionary tlieories, absolute subversion of honesty and integrit.v, and 
 entire demolition of s(»cial order and good government. Great 
 abuse and much filsehood have l)een circulated, by these genii of 
 evil, relative to the expense of private bills brought before Parlia- 
 ment, every shilling of which (except 4,'.l» on each to the Speaker, 
 
 
:.\ r >r [• ! . ;. Av i < , '.a a r. r n 1 1:.- 
 
 IXi 
 
 and lOs. his ?errot.'iry) is str ic'ly dividcj ;inioiig=il the cxlra clerks 
 {f.lifir sole rtMiiUiicraticti) whli"}) this bniiicli of busiin'sy rc'iuircs. 
 A liktj reL,Mjlation is saJly waiiifd in t'lo I j^jirr C^ana.i;i llouso of 
 Assembly, tlirco parts ollli'.' labor of whot-'i clt.-rkd, tiurin^ session, 
 are rcti'jiivJ ibr private l/ills, v\ill!ouf. liie promoters of'thrns conlri- 
 buUii;jf any porlion ot the expense, 'i'lio nmrjlior ol' our Public 
 (TOiK'ral Stii.tiitos pritifed is hJAiO copies, ijij of every [lublic local 
 and personal orii. — ;JUO. Fee to the kSergeint at Anns l"or takinf^ a 
 kMiiiiit into cnsloiiy is X5 ; ditto a «2^etitloinaii £'!. Gs, Sd.; and I'or 
 every day of detention, XI. each ; payable by tlif delimiuent. 
 AViien a short-liaud writer lakes minutes in l^irlianient, or any ni' 
 its cnmmiiiees, he is paid two guineas daily. 
 
 The foregoing augurs — not Roman soothsayers, from the latin of 
 r/?v.5. a })ird, and ^arrirc, to prate, — but modern radical spouters, to 
 fabricate at:d niii^lr^ad — are Mia<:niloqucnt on tlie price of ]irovisioiis 
 in our early history, but eraitilv silent upon tlieir coi responding 
 rate of wages ; being to a mower in the fields, and a carpenter 
 within doors, ovc penny each per day. I am no charlatan, therefore 
 have no secret interests to advance, nor any liidden motives in view, 
 but am the well-wislier of these my ceuntrymen, ami would ho- 
 nestly tell them, before they thus stigmatise men and tilings, to go 
 and examine their own conduct, for incjuiring if it be perfectly pure 
 and blameless. As an example, tak;.^ a case from that well known 
 class the kSpi'alticlds weavers, who all .dong the summer months arc 
 in full work, but for the most part make only half days, the other 
 half boing spent either in idleness, or in beer-shops and skittle- 
 grounds: accordingly when the winter months arrivt;, and then but 
 very little to do, they are without provisnin — their places of sum- 
 mer resort being amongst the last in the world for storing it. 
 Whereupon all things are immediatcdy at sixes and sevens, in their 
 wrong places, and out at elbows : whilst every one is censured and 
 condemned, or in fault, but — ihemselves. All trades have their 
 ebb and How, and every condition its changes and reverses : ho 
 t '..-■"' re fore who neglects in the sunshine of prosperity, to lay by or 
 provide for the bleakness of adversity, has no right to con]|)lain, nor 
 to charge that neglect on any one but himself. Poverty Is without 
 douI)t an evil, too often a self-invited one, (though sometimes acnt 
 lor wise and beneficent purposes) but idleness is a greater, inas- 
 much as it is the fruitful source of every othci. 
 
 The granting a parliament to either of the Conadas, was a weli- 
 mcant but short-sighted policy: they have no sor., of want that a 
 sound administration of P>ritish law could not e(jually. Certainly less 
 mischievously alii.ird them. )t you give power to a handsel "f po- 
 pulation, especially of that order first peopling a country, the 
 chances arc that bad men, setting aside r|uaHfication, who, like scum 
 ill a grease pot, always swim at top, wdl clutch at and grasp it. 
 The history of all countries, more particularly that of France. 
 
i::i 
 
 Misr; M \\!i)i s ,vi!Tnr.i s. 
 
 whose aljonld indeed \)v a wurmiit; Im ilio universe, will middy tell 
 3'ou in ^vhilt way tli<!y use it. Vide Jainaira and NewOtundland — 
 the latter to wit, w hitli JHtcly p'-tiliniiod the lm])crial Purliariiciif. 
 prayiiif.^ to ht* rclit'Vi'd frorii liifirs, [)».'i;uis«.' vi'ha iritcM-minable brtti'-* 
 and squabbled; ami no wonder, one honnrable ni(>rnber being' a 
 men al .servant, another a Iui-'mI watclitrian, tr:e third a petty huck- 
 stc, and — but enouj^h : iiciuH", as legislators, thout^h some political 
 ratres seem to think odiei wise, are not now made, any nio/e than 
 thev ever were, bv mere eluin<j:f of" position, it njav b 
 
 m 
 
 ley ever were, Uy mere eluin!j:f ot position, it may be a very easy 
 litter to assemble a parliaui' nt, bni when gathered iVom otl' 
 
 u 
 
 eomiTion, or culled beneath a hedge, it will be any thing but ho- 
 nored, and its wisdcim as necessarily wanting, or non est inventus. 
 It has beeri rumored that ctrtaiii personages (1 presume O'Connell, 
 Huine, and company) proposi3 sending the machinery of our consii 
 
 L 
 
 •h 
 
 Itut thi 
 
 bt 
 
 tution to Van JJiemaii s i^and, wnere nonr nut me insane 
 how 'twill work, 'J'hink of Ikey Snlomons as speaker of the Upper 
 House, and Bill .Soatnes in that of the Jiower! 'J'hese worthies, 
 both denizens of that <;ountry, may therefore lookout for promotion, 
 not .such as they .deserve, but wliat they dt^siie. Certain of our 
 d-opendencies favored with tins indulgence, are, as might have been 
 ibresecn, in a stale bordering on revolt; not from any grounds of 
 just complaint, hut tiie pure eftervescenee of radical disatfection, 
 combined with tiic present rage lor innovation, leading on to vio- 
 lence and insolent misrule. For these peo|)le find it much easier 
 to sow dissention, that ihcy mriy reap its fruits, than secure them- 
 selves a living from some honest calling. I was present when Sir 
 Francis Head, goverror of Tippei Canada, in 183(), prorogued, and 
 afterwards dissolved its apc»logy for a parliament, and overheard 
 one of its radical niembei's admirably condense the ruling principles 
 of his order — always in too eager ])ursuit after perBonal homage, to 
 concern themselves at all about respect for other people — though 
 without knowing it. l)y addressing another memlier of the same 
 fold, in these words : "I have no objection that the ranks below me 
 should reniain just as they are, but 1 wish to have none above me; 
 this is my conception of a f ir and perfect equality." 
 
 Withdrawing the attent'-m of the reader (rom these misplaced 
 indulgencles, arising — to our- honor be it S{)oken — from a benevo- 
 lent disposition liberally directed, with its customary requital, 
 ingratitude, I would lead it to our territories m the East, with a 
 population exceeding 100 millions, tlie Knglish part thereof quad- 
 rupling that of the Canadas. There is no Parlinuient — but never 
 were the people, wherx ruled by their native chiefs, in any degree 
 so prosperous, so orderly, or so happy ; blest too with such e(|ual 
 distribution of justice, or more secure in their persons or their pro^ 
 perty, than under the mild and benignant sway of England, whose 
 object IS to suppress violence and wrong, by substituting subordi« 
 uation and peace ; and all this brought about by the simple opera« 
 
Misn;i.i,.\Nrni;s AUTKr.F.s. 
 
 I3r. 
 
 tto« of her laws, odmltiistercd by her judgog, and onforo'-d by tlit' 
 authorities. Vide Weld's 'J' rave Is in Ainorua uiid (.'.tn.ida, (puh- 
 Ushor of IHustratiotis to tiio Luko of Killanify) Imt as tlicy were 
 printed above 40 years since, they perhaps conluin but. little to 
 interest the present enquirer. 
 
 The self-glorilication of this people 'S unexampled either in an- 
 cient or iijodf'rn tinses^ tlais their leading- journals of New York, 
 the day precednio- their last relobration of ilie 4tl' of Julv, or anni- 
 versary of their independence, as a flint::^ at biirfjpeansi, more parti- 
 cularly England, said, with the chuckle of a choiihiiiu' hen. that 
 other nations, on oceosioiuj of lesiivifv, recpiired a constabulary force 
 to keep them in order, ^\•hil^^t tliey, bcin<j: a fre<? and erdij^diteneii 
 republic, needed no such emblems of tyramiy nnd despotism. But 
 what was the fact ; why that the same pr.rlodicals, on tfieir next, 
 publication, had to announce several murders commiltivl at New 
 York alone, on said anniversary, entirely iVom tlic want of some 
 sucVi emblems of despotism, as they are pleased to call them ; and 
 though, on this occasion, prudently ainking the chuckle, yet neither 
 biusliod (bah!) nor thought it necessary to apologise for their vain 
 glorification. 
 
 As I have before so,id, your Americans arc the most improvident 
 of people ; whether it concerns them as domestic economists, or 
 political claim>jnt8 : if they had but a tittle of common sense in 
 either, their condition would be immeasurably improved, and them- 
 selves infinitely hajipier. As it is, however, we may hope for this, 
 but it is vain to expect that it will ever happen, so long at least a8 
 they sufler themselves to be governed by so much vanity and con- 
 ceit, as, in their own peculiar terms, " To stump the universe." 
 The individual fragments of a Yankee at his meals, not uncom- 
 monly amount to as much as he lias eaten : (o4) it seems as impos- 
 siole for him to clear his plate, unless by throwing it to the dogs, 
 as to open hi? mouth without salivating, or close it again segarless. 
 Upon crossing into Canada, we shall find not a few imitators of thii 
 pare of his character; for as cold meats are never seen at a Yankee 
 dinner, so here a hot joint taken away untouched, or next to it, 
 does not reappear but in an emigrant or English one. On asking a 
 bush farmer one day, what quantity of maple sugar he had made 
 this spring';' '* Tv.-elve hundred pounds," he answered. *' Good," I 
 replied, "and how much of it do you take to market"?" *' How 
 much of it take to market I" he repeated, in evident surprise, 
 " why none, to be sure ; 'tis barely enough for my family until 
 next fall." A family that I knew, though consisting of many daugh- 
 ters, were still so inexperienced at their needle, as to exhibit pro- 
 found ignorance of its more provident operations, and loud admira- 
 tion on seemg darned stockings, which articles, with them, when 
 vieeding repair, were thrown away for new. (35) They procured 
 f,heir supply of chandlery from England, which, though dearer, are 
 
136 
 
 Mrsf:F,i.i,.v\r,(»i s ARTUi.ns. 
 
 RiJ 
 
 * 
 
 pf.'fior in qiKility to tin. so rnntlo lioro ; hut. doposi n] in fin op 
 
 on 
 
 \N licroiti, aiikt.' 
 
 Kioro, next till? kiirlirn, tor ili(M:onirnori rosori oi'u 
 
 exposed, wore iilso pl.ic.oi] fniit luxl grfK.'crios. f woll n'rnoml'i.-r n 
 
 <]uaiiMfj of liMttt.'r liiiti in. an ;iniplo six mnntli.s con^'ninpliuti lor a 
 
 pfndoiii fiiinily, hut in t;ii<, w.is t:l-'iired, foatlior and hmio, U) our. 
 llio pro.siihiiLT f,'cnius of tliis tlnif't, rocoi\ing iroin lu-r liushaud tho* 
 vliolo iiskod-i'or sum, to defray incidohfal oxponsos during llic 
 corninjLi,- year, <;vory dollar li;id vanished in five wtM.'ks. Wliilsit in 
 comphancG willi a now imported hdly, akin to t\u; Alhuni, vido -Ob, 
 
 !)>• a 
 
 hoi 
 
 oro-j-onooiis nuxtiiro of <:inicracka an 
 
 .1 k 
 
 i('KsliaNV<, 
 
 tl 
 
 le com- 
 
 iorts of tlio parlor t^avi- way f'>r a loysliij), and those of ilieir (haw- 
 ing i-oou), an J']asferri Jiazaar. The I'annly promoters of thi.-* mela- 
 inorphofjii^, cspocialiy llio males, witii most »>ilii:rs through iho city, 
 m their garh, gait ant! gesture., rcminthnj; one of Inn f /(■?(!//■/ (lir yiiay- 
 uctors, .strutting tiieir hour, on a, Saint-Monday spree, in tlvo hor- 
 rowod trappings o{ the show. 'J'lio crowning jjuri of the jest Is — 
 a Ciub-liouso, after our Service ones in fiondoTi, is no^\ in full 
 operation at Toronto. Whi-n will young men learn to respect 
 tiieniS(dvo.s, tliat they may oe rtsoeeled hy others 'I evince such a 
 sense of propriety, as to place them aixno iniringing it; that so 
 becoming i-ational, tliey may he eonimendcd I'or their good deeds, 
 rather than censured for their foolish ones. If it were as faahiona- 
 hle to act right, as it is to do wrong, liow blest should we he by 
 cliango, and liappy in iimovation. (^ilG) When passing t.liesc 
 epicenes or doubtful })ossessois of common sense, in the street, no 
 consideration inducing mo to risk it elsewhere, they remind me not 
 of the frc^hncss from a field of new-mown hay, hut of a company 
 of barbers just escaped from the shop, besjneared wlt.li sceniedl 
 soap-suds a>id dri[)pings of essence. A hill against one of these 
 nonilcscripts, these decked-out butterHi(!S and drones in ^ho hivo, 
 these epicetie blj)eds of the monkey order, who might pick ^p cop- 
 piers by travelling tlio country with a baboon, and puzzling the 
 natives to tell which was which — as communicated to me by a 
 tradesman, who fui-nished. the articles, amounted, ibr 'pcrjunirrnf 
 alone, to thirty sJullini^fi a week! This Ibolory may be attributed 
 to the loose hold of paternal autliority hero, and the silly miscon- 
 struction of that very silly ]ihrasc, so c(.uistantly falling from ccjually 
 silly people of — Mr. JJlank is a very nice man — he so Indulges his 
 children. 
 
 The foregoing housewifery is a small sa,mple of the doings within 
 doors; meanwhile those from without are not a whit better ; for 
 Boss, a sort of one-eyed monarch amongst the blind, in his garden 
 alone, contrives, like Uncle Sam, tliat its produce shall cost him a 
 great deal more than if bought at market : its fruit trees and sap- 
 hngs, from his itchery at whittling — a right Yankee proj)erty, 
 allowable in school-boys, but censurable ni others — in their uncouth 
 proportions, limb .?.,nd branchless appearance, look so many Cholsoa 
 
.MIS( F.I.I. ANtOrS AUTICI.KS. 
 
 1J7 
 
 17/ 
 
 a 
 
 y 
 
 In 
 Ir 
 
 ])r;!isloiir;rs liinpinsj rUL'fully to lIio graNf. He will put up n. p'llc 
 <i:)o cluy, unci puU it dowji the next; or tlx u post In the mon;iiJir, 
 tu untix ut ii:"la. 1 onto knew hiiii to divitlo a (.oininou iiul:ito») 
 
 f)alch hy tlirt'u olot!o park Ilmicum, to n:ar us iiiaiiy sort.s nl' vrijcta- 
 »k;s, wkick lhcn.'l)V Jfprivctl ol'sim uv.d air, Diit.urully m'c.v iktwri- 
 vards 111 cow-uiil lajliiori. Still in flu." apiril I't" lii^ coutjiry, 
 iii;glcctiri;i- cssuni.iul liiiuj,^^, and, \\hi.'n iinjirialiv u to bo done, were 
 then past recoverv ; or co.st in nltenipiiiii;, jnort.- than they \\oru 
 worth. W'hoji thu lit v us on liim, lor in titS of this soit .)oimlhun 
 has no equal, he would sell his htjrse and diaise, bfcau.'^e too 
 ox[)ensivi', but presently replaced ihein by otliors twice as dear, or 
 some liobby niucdi mure so. Besides a iiovol rimtle of pre.'jcrvit)<^ 
 articles of general demand, not, like other pvopl.-, in then* prup«;r 
 places, but on or m a rnuck-heap, soniev.ln.To abf)ut his yard, or 
 down thebuinliy. Accordifii^'ly, al'ler long enjoyni.'nt of an incoino 
 thut, by moderate cave, woidii have reali/.et.! Iiirn tiiou^ands, he is 
 involved, has nodiing in his scrip, and poor as Job's kittens, 'i'o 
 consult such a man, nmi how often, though 1 do not say bow wisely 
 it is done, on the capaiiiiitu-s of the couniry, would be like pidling 
 vip a plant to see Iidw it, gre^v. or inllnluig'air-ba!li.>ons l"or crossing 
 the Allantic. Tiie faniily ot" the S!ick-"'U!ita\\ iiys, and Cljiradiana 
 soniething like them, agreeing in nothing but lukleness and change, 
 aio perpetually seeking novelty, and wholly void of system, as a 
 vessel without ballast, or unsiiippirig her ruddtu' ; ar;d when, t)y 
 these means, ehin-deep in dilh«:u!iies, ore ']inie amazed ut b<:ing so; 
 and rogiirding such a circumstance as altogether surprising, are n«)t 
 to be told, and would as soon thiidv of Hvitu', as own themselves iii 
 error, or at any jiei-lod wrong. 
 
 As a contrast to the for(>goii>g, fearing tlie reader should mi'takc 
 me, or an emigrant be discouraged, and to sluAv what may be (Jono 
 liere, by a pruilent «nrcunjspection; seeing tliat one fact is worth a 
 thousand theories, cuKttlier resident 1 well know, not to be sure u 
 native, but an old countiynian, with >\n income much below this 
 man's, and comparatively a new settlei, i,-; yt.^t sunoui.ded by every 
 coirdbrt ; keeps a better table, incurs no debt, paying for everything 
 as he has it, and never overdraws his banker, havnig money aK\ays 
 at command, besides much more out at use. This want of system 
 seems to ])ervaue all ranks ; for a large scholastic mstituf ion, having 
 neither rent nor taxes to pay, or fuel to provide, with animal food 
 one-third the price of ours, and others far cheaper, was obliged to 
 call upon its piatrons for an addition to its terms, or it must have 
 faded. Whilst the proprietor of a sluiilav establishment in Kngland, 
 whom I kno\v', and whose terms were much less than this one, and 
 only half the number of members j v ith icnt and taxes, over and 
 above oth(;r items that Jonathan so loves to croak about, yet in a 
 few years ac(]uired an independence. In this way also do many 
 cavillers against Canada, disburthen themselves oi' its advantages, 
 
138 
 
 AfrSiEI/LlNiiiiUS ARTICLES. 
 
 and set up li cry against the landy \vhen it Is they wlio arc In fault, 
 and their own iaiprovidence W blame. The deadliest enemies these 
 lieges ha\ o to encounter, are their awn household f^^ods and privy 
 counsellors ; that is to saVf pride, or the refuge of ig;»ora;nce to con- 
 ceal its own littleness, and her attendant poverty, con.sequent on 
 following the advice oj" hef comp'anicm. One nian, by prudence 
 and r/joderation, shall rcali;:e property from an income of .£100, 
 whilst another, witliout these, ahall not only secure none, but plunge 
 into all manner of debt* on a c£l()('0. 
 
 A majority amoni^st sucii otlicials (20S) are in this predicament — 
 as a check lo which their p;iy should be slopt, like our officers at 
 the War Office, until tli- ir debts are paid-— altogether owing to 
 gettmg in at the \Vroiig end ai' the horn, or beginning life with 
 osteniation and display ; like the nephew of an acquaintance of mine, 
 who receiving ^£.3000 from his uncle to commence business, ex- 
 pended t£2500 in show and dash, its modicum alone on stock inl 
 trade ; and when, in the shape of pecuniary demands, the enemy 
 came, sarr-^ndered witliout resistance, fot ho had no mean.? to ofter 
 anv. All i'li'is to please whf and •.vhatl Why tliat bodyless, and 
 thereforr^ iieariless thing railed the world, by whom he who acts 
 most 'ike a madman is deemed least worthy of a straight waistcoat: 
 caring too as much for or about you, as the veriest reptile that crawls 
 the earth ; and on the rumor only of misfortune, which though pro-' 
 ducing, it deprecates loudest, after first betraying, then sneaks off 
 and deserts you. 
 
 Though 1 wop'd always most earnestly inculcate — tread not 
 needlessly on ;«. Nvorm, yet I must candidly subjoin, as more parti- 
 cularly af^.plica'jle to the natives of this clime — be careful that that 
 worm does not tw id on you. To carry this apothegm into full 
 effect, it IS nt assoiy that you keep much at h(jme, and go very 
 little into company ; in vhicli instance you will be almost sure to 
 lose your temper, whilst in the former one, no such lost, can 
 possibly happen, but, tontrarily, is there always safe, I hold it wise 
 to do so. 
 
 Those feelings, forming atlVction, if in any degree existing here, 
 have certainly no point to them. Natives receive the nearest friend 
 one day, and follow him to the grave the next, with the same un- 
 concern that they rid themselves of apple rind, of throw away the 
 pips. He who cairt discern this must not alone have weak eyes, 
 out a feeble comprehension ; it is a trait so visibly impressed with 
 an image of itself, as to carrj its own conviction cm the face of it; 
 after that dare-do lounge of th( foot in walking, no peculiar here to 
 the low and vulgar. (()3) T illustrate this— an apathy arising 
 from its proximity to the Slates, and that E'^iropeans, upon scttlir^ 
 amongst them, gradually fall into, from the necesMty they are under, 
 which they presently find out, as in Jonathan's independence, (23) 
 of resorting to the lex talionu, or fighting them at their own 
 
MIStlELLANKOUS ARIICLKS. 
 
 13U 
 
 re, 
 
 Ind 
 
 Weapons — lake tho following anocdote*. Wliilst an ago*] ami ( Ijiuf 
 rrteinbor of a respoctai)!e faniily n this city, lay dt^ad in tin. house, 
 1 Called, knowing tlie lady in Kni^land, to take a final leave ot' her 
 remains; when, greatly to iny astonishment, i )>erceived a s-ion of 
 the family (born in the country) .-^o wholly unimpressed \\'\t\\ tho 
 solemnity of tho scene, or his near rt^lationship to the cii.^parfed, as 
 to he busying hiniself in arranging' the ill aperies of the windows, 
 and ornamental decorations of the a))artinr!it, uft'T the ni^west terms 
 of elegance and fishion. Scarcely was the interment over, when 
 every memorial of affection l)c(]ueathed, by the deceased, to this 
 sympathetic young man, was, to raise a lew dollars, sold by jniblic 
 auction ! They who expect the emlearing ties of warm afiection in 
 a new country, vvdl assuredly be deceived ; as others who look for 
 the well-regulated order of older state?, will as certainly hiok in 
 vain. The mistake is altogether as palpaldo n", that of tho emblems 
 of the Resurrection over the tomb of .Sir R. VV'hitney's daughter in 
 Cripplegate Church, London, having given rise to many fabulous 
 reports of a female who, after burial here, was taken up, and bore 
 several children afterwards. The various and changeal)le scenes 
 of life, though they pass before us like a dream of eve, yet leave 
 this deep impression behind — an adoKUution for which we can 
 never be sulhcienlly grr.teful to our Heavenly Father-~t.hat the 
 only true wisdoin, is to do right and act justly : and, as all which 
 it holds is as the Ephemera, living only a day — this further moni- 
 tion — to set our affections on notliing earthly, for on liciiig sum- 
 moned to leave ii, 'twill but embitter the parting. 
 
 These payments (<JG6) improperly called Indian presents, he\u<f^ 
 the annual discharge of a debt due to them for the purchase of their 
 land, now amount to <£^)\{)^> a yenr. This is independent of pre- 
 sents to the value of r£4000 inore, paid to €;.{000 Indians, now 
 resident In the States, for their services during last war, who como 
 over to Canada annually to receive them. Contrast this payment 
 for 10,000,000 acres of land, with that of the Americans for 
 77,000,000 acres, recently bought of the Ovage and Quaj)aw In- 
 dians, for which they pay SaOOO, or t\ 125 a year! reselling it at a 
 dollar, or a dollar and a half the acre. In one v«ar alone thcv made 
 c£225,000 clear, by the sale of a seventy-seventh part only, being 
 ten times the cost price of the whole, at twenty years purchase. A 
 government which can act upon this Jew-principle, may naturally 
 regard all honor as an incumbrance, whilst casting its jibes oh the 
 name of debt. Fearon, in his Sketches of America, and himself an 
 ultra republican, could not help letting out — "(Jain is the educatiorj 
 — tho morals, the politics, the theology, and stands in place of 
 domestic comfort, of all ages and clas8(!S in America ; it is tho 
 centre of their system, from which they derive both light and hea^'" 
 In addition also to American purity under the articles post-office 
 and revenue collectors, a little way back, Mr. Southgate, member 
 
HO 
 
 Mi.scLi.i.ANr.or.i Ain ici.es. 
 
 of Con;:^rr.ss for Kentucky, sUttnl this session, on the floor of the 
 Ijouse, that on inspecting the ollicial acconipls at the Land Oflice, 
 he found the defalcations amongst its roceivcri<, to be upwards of 
 tu'o 7)uUi')7i dollars! 'J'iu' uunibcr oi' ftqf/atte/s, or poor settlors 
 without |)urchase, on wild lands in America, subjoct to he driven 
 off on discovery by the owners, is put at fifty thousand ; tliey pre- 
 dominate in the territory of Wisconsin. Perhaps the most faithful 
 picture of Indi'in life and manners, prevalcmt in the latter territory, 
 with those of the Canadian traders as well, is to be found in Long's 
 Voyages and Travels of an Indian lnterj)reter and Trader; Lon- 
 don, 171)1. Additionally to the thousand and one prool's already 
 given, th; K Uncle Sam and iiimily are not easily matched in many 
 of their ioings, on the Legislature of Wisconsin assembling at 
 Madison, Nov. 2(3, IS'J^, for the despatch of public husiness, it was 
 found necessary to move au adjournment, because they had not a 
 place to meet in, and the secretary no stationary ! The ofhcial 
 organ announcing this, added "The best plan yet devised to 
 save the enactment of bad laws, and prevent the expense of long- 
 sessions." 
 
 The character of Canada is decidedly agricultural, and if perse- 
 vered in, there is no (juestioa that her surplus product;, and tli.it at 
 no distant period, will be adequate to tlie supply of the British 
 markets. Wheat here improves by culti\'af.ion, whilst other grain, 
 it is said, detei-ioiates. The number of acres surveved by this 
 compar«y, (~44) for which governmetil, as its share or the r\j)ense, 
 pays r\CG poi 100 acres, uj) to January, l?s37, auiDuiited to 7^26, l-!4. 
 All land.s granted are subject to a suiull impost, and at the expira- 
 tion of eight years, unless paid up, are then sold, by the shcntV of 
 the district, to satisfy the same: vide 244 : 256 : 26G. Those who 
 object granting lands to necessitous individuals, from want perhaps 
 of better information, I would remind, that the town&hi))s i>f Cavaa 
 and IMonaglian, Upper Canada, cleared and settknl by tlte poox 
 Irish, export moi-e grain yearly than any othcn^ in tlie district. I^^t 
 it further be observed, that the townships in the Newcastle District, 
 wherein coal, and in that of the Home, has been recently i'ound, 
 (25.")) were first opened by ii!<ligei,r iocaters, and now atl'ord per- 
 manciut employment for all who choose to upply for it. l)ut this 
 has no inticements to th(3 idle and dissolute, of which here are too 
 many, v\ ho are a reproiich on their country, and a nuisance ix\ 
 society. 'J'o render it efi'ectivo, no grnnt to a poor settler should bo 
 under 10, nor above -50 acres. This pro\ ince has now 20,08^,000 
 acres actually su-veyed, and 2,000,000 acres unde*. c iltivation ; 
 whilst the valuation of its property, forming the agricultural wealth 
 of the country, in 1826, \sus .€2,20b,00(), butincniascd to ,i'.'),040,.'}.']0 
 in IS^r/. (2 IS) Note : rati;able and cult.tvated lands are not syuo- 
 nymous terms, as here shown. li.ecoUoct, it is actual lal.)or ulono, 
 aud capability of enduring privation, tliat can ensure success on 
 
MISCELLANEOUS ABTIOLES. 
 
 141 
 
 
 p- 
 
 1)11 
 
 wild lands in the bush. So far as regards health, the man accus- 
 tomed to manual occupation may settle on uncleared lands witli 
 greater impunity, perhaps, than another who is not: but T have 
 known many fatal results, in bolli cases, frorr the want of timely 
 medical aid, which either came when all was over, or too lalc to be 
 of any use. T do not remember to have noticed this before, but if 
 I have, the importance of my subject may well excuse its repetition. 
 The tenant of a Canadian tiiim not nnfrequently gives part of its 
 produce in lieu of rent : the purchaser of one in the States, and here 
 likewise, sometimes pays for it in the same way, and is there called 
 gales. The term Intcrvahs, ubed m some of our colonies, means 
 lands so adjacent to rivers or streams, as to be occasionally over- 
 flowed, and enriched hy their alluvial deposits. The finest grain 
 produced in our colony of New Brunswick, is called the tea wheats 
 because reared from a few grains of that invaluable gramina found 
 in a tea chest from China. 
 
 Be mindful to seltlo within roach of some road, reasonable dis- 
 tance of a market, and grist mills; from which oversight I knew 
 several brothers, vvlio, after a residence of Hve years, a serious loss 
 here, were obliged to abandon their improvements : a cause that 
 occasioned the same of Rama and St. Vincent townships. Never 
 locate near masses of wild land belonging to individuals, as their 
 exorbitant demands for them, afford nu prospect of speedy settle- 
 ment : for this reason only, 1. have been offered a farm of 100 acres, 
 70 of them cleared, with a good farm-house and outbuildings, for 
 c£28 ! — This dilatoriness \\\ granting a patent, is excessively annoy- 
 ing (2G1): the shortest time in which I have known one to bo 
 obtained, is six weeks, and the longest ^vif 7/^ ?/(?rt/-5 : the average, 
 after payment of the purchase-money, is fifteen months, which 
 ought and should be done in as many minutes. — Parkinson's works 
 <:in Agriculture, give a good account of it, so far as books can do,' 
 as pursued in America: vide also St. John's Letters of an Ameri- 
 can farmer. Tho curious reader will perhaps be pleased to know;,- 
 that the first book upon husbandry published in England, \va3 "A 
 nowe Tracte or Treatise most profytablo for ail husbandemen," W 
 Sir Anthony Fitzherbeit in 1523. As rcg.'-ds such giant-; to TJ.- i,,- 
 Loyalists, (2G1) two things should be kepi m view by the reader;, 
 first, said lands upon granting vvere scarcely worth the expense' of 
 a transfer, which were generally gratuitous : ypcondly, tliey were' 
 vested in the Crown, and the o'nly moans it had for rewarding its 
 adherents, without burthcnin'jf the subject : it was received as a 
 grateful acknowledgment of their loyally, almost wholly distinct, X 
 may say, from compensation for their losses ; which one instance 
 alone will abundantly testify : videlicet — the greatest recipient, I 
 believe, was the Hon. Judge Powell, with whom 1 was personally 
 acquainted; the entire value of what he received in thosO rights, 
 or their substitute, fell ahort of cClOOO, but the property he lost by 
 
 o 
 
 3 I 
 
 n 
 
U2 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES. 
 
 adhering to the British, exceeded £50,000. The Scotch, being a 
 prudent and thrifty ])eople, univei-.sally prosper here; and are re- 
 markably tenacious of their national luitli, from which they will 
 scarcely at any time admit tliat they have ever swerved ; though 
 Thomson, in his De Aniiquiiatc Christiancb Rdigionis ajyvd Sco- 
 tos, (1594) tells us that they were very early converted to the papal 
 see. This, if I mistake not, is also noticed in Wood's Athena3 
 Oxonienses, or a history of the writers who have been educated at 
 Oxford; of course I mean the edition by Dr. Bliss; a work so 
 ■valuable that no library can be called com{)lete without it. Dr. B. 
 has circulated some very excellent observations on tho Druidical 
 temple of Choir Gaur, upon Salisbury plp-'i, commonly called 
 Stonehenge. The Scotch sliould not be so tlc» ish on national faith, 
 as it provokes one to look back a little, and to express a hopo that 
 their mmisters of the kirk are now formed of dillerent niaterljils to 
 their brethren of JOIG, mai^v of whoni received lar^e slices of the 
 blood money, as payment lur their aid in the infamou.s transaction 
 of their countrymen, in seeing king Charles I. to his enemit , after 
 inveigling him into their power by the most specious pretexts. 
 
 The gre?.t expense of fii-ewood — generally, In \\'\x]Xev,{ro\n ^fifteen, 
 to fitc'ifji dollars a cord, at New Vork, l^ljiladelphia, &-c. — neces- 
 isarily compels the use of these shut- up, cast iron stoves, which sa 
 ovenifij the room, rendering it dangerous to the healih, and without 
 doubt often proving fatal. (230) On entering these over-heatrd 
 chambers, a volume of hot air rushes upon you, like the Zimiel 
 blast over the Zaariaii desert: on whicii account, and the fiory suu 
 in summer, trie uproarious creaking from their boots and shoes, on 
 peripatetics, are an absolute nuisance. The ^reat-minded Aiowevev^ 
 think difterently, reg^iixling so much creakage as an evidence oi 
 gentility, and it is amusing to see what pains some of them take, to 
 secure this noisy badge of tho leather order. The introduction of 
 Swedish stoves, quite as economical, if not more so, would check 
 this evil, and be a great desideratum, bc'ause constructed from 
 panes — properly pa?' ■ ■, as panes accompany the word glass — of 
 fine clay, colored and varnished, let into an iron frame-worli^ thereby 
 obviating tho strong odt>r aiul insidious steam of metal. The effect 
 of this_ heat upon my pens and ink was such, splitting up one and 
 thickening the other, as to make the affair of tlie'ir use, about as easy ' 
 as writing with pitch-tar, or diting from a grease-pot. 
 
 A faithful description of these blrdi--, here only mentioned by the 
 number of their species (21-4) may be seen in Wilson's ''American 
 Ornithology," riilladelpliia, ISI-I : a most excellent publication. 
 AVilson was so excited by tho enthusiasm of his subject, that when 
 the .serious one of death was mentioned before him, he expressed a 
 wish, that he might bo buried in some forest shade, where the birds 
 might come and sing over his grave : this soon happened, and, if I 
 mistake not, from an extraordinary penchant for liistriomc illusions ; 
 
MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES. 
 
 143 
 
 d 
 
 ■y 
 
 le 
 u 
 [u 
 In 
 la 
 U 
 
 being one more victim, to the many already cngfulpht-'d in the mael- 
 strom of the drama. He that is smitten with tlic career vi' a theatre, 
 shoulJ read Jlyiey's six vohirne pubHcation of 1817, feelingly de- 
 tailing the miseries incident to a strolling player; or more recently, 
 the biography of Matthews and Grimaldi; and if their perusal do 
 not cure him, he must 1)3 incorrigible, a jackalent or mime; but of 
 a very dilVerent character to Cardinal VVolsey'a fool, which, after 
 one of their (|uanelri, he presented, as a sort of peace-offering, to 
 Henry VIH., taking care to apprise his royal master, that he con- 
 sidered the gift to be worth d€1000., an immense sum at that time, 
 and further proving that a fool of those days, was a very distinct 
 affair to one in ours. Cardinal Wolsey first created a Secretary of 
 iiJtate, by r^^iaing Lord Cromwell to that office, in 1-529. 
 
 If you en satisfy the extortionate exicfituja for rent at New 
 York (-'59), far exceeding every thing of the sort in any part of the 
 universe, always excepting Yankee-land, there are no civic liabili- 
 ties (saving its despotism, vide 26) as in our own capital, liuder the 
 name of taking up your freedom : a subject but imperfectly under- 
 stood by most people, which will excuse my stating simply — that 
 the freedom of the Loriwer's or Loriwer's Company may be obtained 
 for £5 lis ; and thiit of thi; Butcher's, ,£0 17s. Gd. ; but thi?^ does 
 not constitute the frecdiuu of the ^.-ity ; to obtain which, the appli- 
 cant must then go to the Chamberlain'stXhce, and psty the reduced 
 fees of c£14 lis'. The .Ii]ndowed Charities of London, published 
 by Dowling of Newgate Street, and Highmoro's Pietas J^ondlnen- 
 sis, furnish every particular as to the benevolent appropriations of 
 the r^orporation and its Companies. Note — The longest and short- 
 est days in America vary considerably in different parts of it ; thus 
 at New Yot-k, the longest day is I'l liours and o5 minutes; shortest 
 9h. Im. : Boston, longest ir>h. Giu., shortest 8!i. 53m. : in the north 
 part, longest IGh. .13n5., shortest 7ii. Gm. ; Cape Sable (sovith point 
 of U. S.) longest 13h. :',2m., ^shortest lOh. 27m. 
 
 A friend in this province (U. C.) was intimately acquainted with 
 another whose wift^, during her pregnancy, being iViglitened by a 
 reptile, Itrought forth a monster with a human body but a serpent's 
 head; it beaan hissinji" on comiuiir into the wctrld, which sibilation it 
 kept up until quitting it again at the end of three days. A .second 
 lady here, thrown into fits by an assault from one, preceding her 
 accouchment, gave birth to a perfect American bullfrog, which was 
 immediately destroyed by strangulation. Two simitar cases as re- 
 corded in note 237, now exist in Yankee families settle<l down in 
 the Ottawa district, I'. C : one of an aunt living in open adultery 
 with her nephew ! the other of a si.Uer avowedly enceinte by her 
 own 1>rot.her ! A'? t!7is country has no ecclesiastical court, there is 
 no other way of reaching these incestuous cases, than by public 
 opinion, which, on the present occasion, sorry am I to write it, 
 afforded no evideiico tha;t it had existence, and, as matter of course^ 
 
 g2 
 
144 
 
 MISt'ELLANKOL'S ARTIChKS. 
 
 did not, for how could it, show any whatever in the shape of action'/ 
 Niagara (194) or wonderful, in the language of Indians, whost^ 
 mocassins are a poriect defic^noe .ti dry weather, against the severity 
 of cold; and a largess iVorn w^hom, called an Indian gift, means a^ 
 present for which an equivalent is expected. Visitors to these falls 
 should be apprized, that in a d ar moonlight night, a rainbow may 
 be seen on the Canadian sic^' ^'i them. The Trenton Falls are 
 dangerous to visit, from having to approach them on ledges of rock 
 so narrow, as to admit of only one person passing them at a time; 
 many lives have in consequence been lost there, A fall of water 
 has been lately discovered in Lapland, about 1100 miles from Stock- 
 holm, on a river whicii the natives call Zami, much greater than 
 that of Niagara. The water leapers of Yankee-land, from Sain 
 Patch, (195) Sam House, Sa/ic Webbe, and />'«;« Scott, now rejoice 
 in the designation of Jmnp/ng Sa7}i3: the latter of these worthies,, 
 on a inofessional tour in England, has niaJe a most extraordinary 
 jump, namely, from the house of Mr. .Tones, in Warrington, to the 
 treadmill at Kirkdale. His next exhibit came off at Barnstable,, 
 which, considering his previous schooling, proved him an apt scho- 
 lar, and was tuat of diving into people's pockets, ibr which he was- 
 remanded to his former c[uarter.g. 
 
 The Provincial Parliament of Upper Canada, have recently 
 enacted, that an English sixpence shall hereafter pass for seven- 
 pence halfpenny ; a shilling for fifteen pence ; a half-crown for 
 three shillings; and a sovereign for one pound four and iburpence' 
 (1S8) ; that the province may retain these coins, being hitherto- 
 grahbed by Jonathan, for purposes of gain. Note : to reduce ster- 
 ling to currency — add one-ninth ; and currency to sterling, deduct 
 one-tenth. This rule, however, does not apply exactly amongst 
 the military, to wliom the dollar is charged at only 4s. 4d., though' 
 current at 5s. The best work upon the coinage of England and 
 her dependencies, is the Rev. R, Ruding's, London, 1817. The 
 military defence of Canada cost England <^120,000 annually, to- 
 wards whicii the Canadians contribute nothing; M'hilst the-^hand- 
 ful of scarecrows called — army and navy of America, put her peo- 
 ple to a yearly charge of ^l*" ,000,000 : her budget, or taxes, 
 prodigiously exceeding those of Canada (208, 226), are four iu, 
 number, namely, the Union, the State, the County, and the Town- 
 ship ; the amour., oi'each, so as to form a whole, has not yet leen^ 
 and probably never will be accurately ascertained, but from the 
 oflicial documents of many counties \n Pennsylvania State, they 
 amount, on the lowest estimation, to svventee.n fthiUings each person. 
 This enumeration does not include all the preceding four taxes, 
 because unattainable — a systematic obscurity being the main feature 
 in their })oluy (vide the Now York Comptroller's Report for 1839, 
 which, though a minor, io a, rich sample uf humbug) — but forms a 
 tair data : the tax alone for the Union, or general government, is 
 
MFSCnLLANKOrS AUTlfLtS. 
 
 I4r> 
 
 30- 
 
 111 
 
 I'n- 
 
 |he 
 jey 
 
 m. 
 
 Ire 
 
 b, 
 
 a 
 
 is 
 
 eleven sbillings per lieacl, whilst (hat for Canada Is below even mie. 
 1'Vom certain incipient steps taken by the Locof'ucos, it is propiiesied 
 that a convention will soon ])o called to repudiufc the immense state 
 debt of Pennsylvania, in oilier woids dismiss it by an act of" insol- 
 vency ! (220) As a proof with what cantion the public accompta 
 of this people should be received, the folh)wing two items are co- 
 pied, verbatim, from the Report oi the Secretary for tlic Legislature 
 «fNow i'ork State of last \ear: first item — " Whole niunljer of 
 Poor relifived rlurinj^ the past yeav, li>,-30G ; in another part ho 
 gives it as li,515; and in a third place tells us it was -3700! 
 Second i^em — "Total cost of Poorhouse estalilishments iu all the 
 xjounties (.50) oi the State, -^303,900; Nr^w York establishments, 
 $561,500 ; total, -^860,100 :" in another place, fori^etliiiL; this sum 
 total, he adds, " Artmial expense of supporting all the paupers in 
 the State. -$240,762 !" \''enly, Yankees may be cunning dealer?, 
 though , anything but such ia manufacturing aceompts. There is 
 }»ut one honest way of keeping either public or private accompts, 
 by a Dr. and Cr. entry, i:.o that the result may be seen instanter : 
 any other way is for one of two purposes, collusion or deception. 
 Bills are continually passing Congress for simplifying accompts, 
 which succeed in nothing else but making them, as I conceive to 
 be their object, raore intricate than before. Again, the trifling 
 sums affixed to the article "Secret Service Money," in the annual 
 accompts of European governments, are a favorite tlieme for abuse 
 amongst certain members of congress, and those of their party out 
 iof it who fancy themselves political writers. I v.'ould recommend 
 to those gentlemen, before tliey throw stones at othcr3, to look into 
 the Biennial, or Blue Book of their own government expenditure, 
 where, under the head of Payments for Secret. Services, they will 
 find these entries: "W. Johnson, (Query, is this the pirate of tho 
 lake?) secret insj)c.ctor, French Creek, Ca[)e Vincent collection dis- 
 trict, compensation S3<>o. Next follows " R, G. Angel," another 
 secret appointment hi the iame place, compensation double that of 
 the former ; making, with numerous others, an aggregate, for this 
 depar'.inent, of -$750,000 annually. In which Blue Book I also 
 counted /?/?^ receivers of counties, all of them defaulters \ many of 
 them haviug been so three times in succession, for at least ten thou- 
 sand dollars each time, and still retaining ofhce ! On summing up 
 the amount of forty only of these peculators, I found it to e.vceed 
 (me million dollars ! whilst Swartwout (whose name has since been 
 conferred on the fleetest race horse in Virginia), Collector of 
 Customs at New York, has been just detected in embezzling the 
 public money, which he has carried on for the last seven years, 
 though raore than suspected ail that time, to the immense amount 
 of one million three hundred and Beventy-five thousand dollars ! 
 Public delinipiencies therefore in this country, by perrnittmg the 
 culprit to retain his post, so as to renew them at his pleasure, assume 
 
 ! 
 
146 
 
 MIPCELLANKOIS AnTIOLEH. 
 
 a new and extraordinary feature. 1 was the more impressed with 
 these facts, on remembering that 1 liad repeatedly heard jt declared, 
 by the panegyrists of this commonwealth in England, lliat such a 
 thing as a pi^blic def^iiilier was never heard of in its thrice liappy 
 land, The amount uf import duties, in 1S28, under Adams' admi- 
 jiistratiop, was $22,2()G,.53,-^, rind the charge for collecting i<932,093 ; 
 and though, in 1337, under Van Jiuren's governrnent, they sunk to 
 $11,169,260, about one-half, yet the cost of collecting had nearly 
 doubled, being §t; }., 493, 9oS; so much for Locofoco or mub economy. 
 
 These items, picked out from official returns, will show the 
 unique simplicity in ex])ending the public money, under the s*Vif- 
 styled democratic administration of President Van Buren. First 
 item — To making pens fur the members, $3-58 ; second do. — To 
 snufl'fpr members, $3268; third do. — To cartridge paper for mem- 
 bers, $698 J fourth do. — To horse-hire for members, $4688. To 
 this I append a quotation from a certain radical periodical in Eng- 
 land, purporting to be friendly tq the interests of our virgin queen. 
 " Whde the |.^rqsidt;njt of .the United Stutcs receives but .£5000 a- 
 year for his servicer to the state, our voracious little Queen swallows 
 dGoO per minute." On cq,]culation, it will be found that c€50 j)er 
 minute make exactly {.^rerdij-s'ix millions tico hundred and eighty 
 thousand pounds 'per annum ! W}iat she really receives annually 
 — apart from certain o(li!:ial appointments paid put of her revenue — 
 is ci600,000. It appears impossible for papers of this description 
 to speak the truth at any tjmc' ; presuming on the generahty of 
 readers receiving opinions upon trust, there is nothing, in their esti- 
 mation, that t(il]s so well in prim, as a round bouncing lip, 
 
 Springfield, in which is the IJnIted Ptates principal armory (64), 
 is a favorite name In that country ; there being half a score at least 
 \r\ every state throughout the Ihijon. This name is celebrated on 
 another account, namely — Springfield, a village scn.e short distance 
 from Chelmsford, in England, is that in which Goldsmith lays his 
 scene of The Deserted Village (fetching him only a hundred gni- 
 ne9.s). 1 discovered this during a surnmer ramble in that part of 
 Essex, many years since ; and never saw ^ny mention of it in print, 
 until taking up a iiUinber oi'the Gentlerriar^'s Magazine for 1839, at 
 Toronto in Upp'. r Canada. The edition of Goldsmith's poem?, 
 having Pajwiell's annexed, with vi'ood-cuts by Bewick, were so well 
 executed, that (leorgc III. ordered his bool^seljer to procure the 
 blocks of the engravings, that ho might be convinced they really 
 were wood and not copper. 
 
 In new Note 254, an intimation is given of an expected importa- 
 tion of Jerusalem chargers, id est, asses — start not, reader, I mean 
 four-legged ones — but us they have not yet arrived, all expectations 
 are now aband(uied, say certain provincial papers, that they .ever 
 will. The mention of periodicals reminds me, that newspapers, on 
 the arrival of a stranger, are about the first things he takes up: bu^ 
 
MISCELLANEOUS ARTlCLfS. 
 
 147 
 
 
 on perusing tliem, he must exercise his utmost judgmon* and petie. 
 Iration ; for of all the fiihrications, clcjtliod too in the coarsest lan- 
 guage, iliat ever came under my observation, manypapors liere, for 
 'low scurrility and vilifying^ the authorities, cettainly surpass uny I 
 ever met with. It is to be regrettjd, tluit men without principle, 
 and otfiers void of character, should be permitted thus to abuse the 
 public ear. There can Ije no peace lor the country, until some 
 means are devised, for counteracting their acriiuouious ai'id wicked 
 misrepresentations. An admission which though all have acknow- 
 iedged, yet no one has yet stepped forward to abate. Those of the 
 misguided individuals in the late disturban<"e, on being (piestioned 
 upon the subject, unreservedly admitted, that, until reading Mac- 
 kenzie's flagitious and slanderous newspaper, they were hiippy, 
 contented, and loyal subjects. The ordinary grounds from wliich 
 rebellions have generally sprung, were in the late instance alto- 
 geiher wanting. The report of a Committee of the House o*^ 
 Assemblv, atbjr a very lengthened investigation, assigns it to a 
 licvjntio'is and unprincipled press. The ir ". therefore that would 
 decline testricling such an engine, must have vei-y peculiar notions of 
 justice', something similar to Cro'sus, of Lydia, who, 560 years 
 before Christ, pvit up a golden statue, in the t( mple of Apollo at 
 Delphi, to his leinale baker, because by administering a poisoned 
 loaf to the children of his stepmother, she thereby secured the dia- 
 ■deni to himself. Or if we view it in the light of accuracy, fiijout 
 as much so as thai passage in Maximus Planudes' life of /I^lsop — 
 who flourished hi the tmie of Croesus — where he puts a quotation 
 from Euripidea into hie mouth, when the latter did not exist till 
 Tiearly a century atiej his death. I am ha[ipy to say that a check, 
 •to this evil has at length appeared at Toronto, in a paper entitled 
 '" The Church." Ha fouiuialinns are. upon the holy hills. For 
 «ound learning, critical and just discrimination, it is above ail ^ "aise, 
 and receives, as it merits, verv general ap[>robation. It is in the 
 interests, and advocates, with a musterly hand, chastely subdued 
 and persuasive zeal, the doctrines and discipline of the ('hurch of 
 England. A perusal of which, after rising here from that of others, 
 cheers and refreslies as rest to the weary, or a limpid stream to the 
 panting hurt. Its force is irresistible, and remarkably shown in the 
 golden opinions it involuntarily draws from its brethren of dissent; 
 to many of whom I would earnestly say — Go ye and do likewise. 
 
 The preceding and ulterior results of the Canadian outbreak, are 
 settle of the fruits of our eager desire to confer benefits, without 
 pausing to enquire, if the recipients be in a condition to receive or 
 estimate them. We may admire this principle as a theory, but will 
 it answer in practice 1 By no means. In all transactions of a 
 worldly nature, to avoid being the losers, we must adopt a little of 
 its wisdom, or common prudence ; which, if we are to judge from 
 cause and eft'ect, seems to bo held iu very slight estimation. A dis- 
 
 Ji 
 
148 
 
 MlflCELI.ANKOrS AATfOLBg. 
 
 creet exercise of this, by the just und upright, in their dealings with 
 those suspected to ]>c ollierwise, would uasily protect them against 
 imposition ; and on every other occasion, as easily reconcile that seem- 
 ing anomaly, that liic^y alone fall victinis. whilst the evil ones escape. 
 
 In the present state of thint^s, recourse to the law here, as a 
 remedy against defamation, is of very little avail, and had better be 
 let alone ; for, as a professional rnan of considerable exjierience 
 assured me, he had hardly known an instance on an action for libel, 
 either in Canada oi the States, ihat the Jury, for reasons sufficiently 
 obvious, ever estiniated a man's character to be worth moie than 
 Sixpmce ! which, as any sum below 403. leaves each party to pay 
 his own costs, only aggravates the affair, by adding pecuniary loss 
 to a damaged n^putation. The press of America, especially its 
 frontier one, says De Tocqueville, is a blot upon the country ; and 
 were it c^ masse to be swept from the earth, would, by its death, 
 ill com})ensate society for the crimes with which it has deluged it. 
 The proximity ol' Canada to the United States, and consequent influx 
 of Yankee?, render it imperative, in business of every kind, to have 
 all your wits about you. 
 
 In no instance does the superiority of Bntir>li rule more pleasingly 
 appear, tlian in the spiritual and intellectual proviiipn for her multi- 
 tudinous subjects. In the province of Crxnada, ^his character is 
 w-ell sustained, especially in the latter instance, carefully providing 
 masters of talrMit, at ample salaries, in its collegiate institution at 
 T^oronto, (208) where a learned, liberal, and solid education niay 
 be obtained, at a common school-house charge. Being happily 
 placed beyond tlie fluctuating eddy lA' popular restraint — whose 
 innate propensities demand our compassion, as their exterior de- 
 meanour does our n^gret — they are always to be iuund in readiness 
 at their post, to exercise the duties of their important station. Woe 
 be to that land, where its spiritual and lay teachers are controlled 
 by the canaille, who will deify a man one day, and ])elt him the 
 next; being notoriously inconstant in whatever ihey undertake, and 
 as wilfully misled in all claims of equity, with every one of right. 
 A legacy having been left for erecting a University here, a site is 
 selected, and preparations made for commencing the building. As 
 a beginning, a walk known by the name of the College Avenue, is 
 already completed, having a well-arranged shrubbery on each side, 
 footpaths, and a carriage drive, with lodges and entrance gates, all 
 kept in admirable order, and to which every one has access. It is 
 a mile long, and forms a beautiful promenade. Strolling here one 
 day, I overheard a gentleman, whom I soon found to be an Ameri- 
 can, speaking to another in favorable terms of the whole ; but finally 
 observed, "Fine, I calculate, very fine ; but then it's too English, 
 I guess, too aristocratic for ^(\" 
 
 Their out of town, and sometimes in town, mode of piling boards 
 and timhor together, technically called orthography, but more com- 
 
MfSrUtLANKOUS .kKl'fCI.RK. 
 
 149 
 
 monly archlteclure, lias> rto imTillul ; jiot to bo sure without cliini- 
 nies, l»ut, coiisidc-rin^ thtj cliiiuiU.', .^oiiu'thirig like it — williuut cellair* 
 and xiiulor-grouiul kilcln.Mm : for ^our Viiiikue and CiUindiau, tfifj 
 rnost whimsical ot inconetaiits, can no nioro tinibh building his house 
 beCuro occupying it, than stone can {\y in air or tlo:il on Nvalrr : after 
 long habitation, in; then c.vcavatc-i for our. or botli, at a ri.sk. and 
 possibly tl'^ whole, thus undenninnd, tumbling about him. 
 
 One of'thci-o worUiios, in the stitch-ta.>^t and button line (2U>) has 
 introdijoed an unprovement in hid art: taking home a suit ol' new 
 clothed one morning, thf owner put ihom on, then went out; but 
 gertmg toleral)!y saturati-d in a sudden Bhowcr, the wholt- fell to 
 piece.s ! for the seani;;, instead of being sewcJ, wavL- g/u-d to^othe^ 
 Pea jackets, so commonly worn lie re, i.s another name for a coat 
 without; a tail, or our now out-ol-fa.shion spencer, introd'.oed by 
 honest Jack Spencrr: vide x^ddenda to Manual of Orthoopy. Lest 
 the reader may imagine Jat-.k to be a nick or j-e])roachful name, \. 
 must tell him that it is one of a noble family, vi('cdicot Francis-./ar-/: 
 Needham, Earl and X'iscount Kilmorey, in Debrett's peerage. 1 
 believe the tailors of thi.s place suO'er more from bad debts than anv 
 .other tradesmen. One of the small fry oi' Sf/wns Ixuc — genflnnan 
 being scouted, alter the maimer of Yankees', as too low — with 
 whom 1. exchange, once la six months, a distant street-nod ami, 
 how-d'ye-do ( puts on four suits a year (a grain ol' sand only to his 
 other idiosyncracies) which, at ci"10 the suit, I should call a good 
 .customer, ivAen paid for. lie holds an apj)ointnient ol' ,_£*<iOO a 
 year, and thou£fh only himself and doll, says he can't live on tliat 
 income — the only time he was ever known to speak the trntli — 
 furtlier proved by being deeply indebted to all rhose credulous 
 enougli to trust him. Others might imagine that some liftie dolls 
 miiihf benetit this yimpleton, but which 1 <.loubt, as many of his 
 brethren having such responsibilities, and double his income, are in 
 a similar dilemma themselves. As, in common charity, we must 
 .suppose such a one to be tomdi.ed, and in that case rea.soiiing with 
 him hopeless, I would ad\ist! clapping him into a go-cart, and on 
 i-ome dietary .system, until, f>y being brought to his senses (or what 
 in him pa.ss by that name) he had learnt to live, pay his way, and 
 act honestly, on half of it. Tradesmen who suffer from this ninny- 
 nodding squirearchy would be more entitled to our sympathy, if 
 they were less extortionate towards the honest customer — he who 
 exceeds his irjicome is living dishonestly — who, with cash in hand, 
 has no more advantage than another that demands fou- years* credit, 
 and at the end of that time, pays by going on the limits, or stealing a 
 march to Yankeeland, IJy the way, how much reiser the modern 
 tradesman is become than his proto:ype of yore ! he of the last 
 century contrived to live where he carried on his trade, and get 
 rich withal ; whilst he of the present one can do no such thing ; 
 and must needs have his box, seat, or villa al some remote distance, 
 
 t, 
 
 t 
 
 I 
 t I' 
 
loO 
 
 MISOiatAN'KOt'fl ARTK I. KM. 
 
 the furlinu tlm Itcltor, from liis vvlioteal"»oiit8 in trnde : lu be sur» 
 lh(j .Hankru[>t finJ Tnytjhoi.i, Court." «]<> now a.'iil then let. out some 
 Blrange socnMs in this hutincss ; but Nvhich are trifles now-u-cluya, 
 mere scintilla in tho jiatur;il onlcr of thuigs ; besides who could be 
 so \uifa?hion;\l)lo now, as not to do a little of sorno sort in on« or 
 uther ol' thorn ( Moanwhiio the liirics are bud, trade is bad, arid 
 every one is had but — In: who is wiser than Idt for< faflu'ra. 
 
 It is clear on viewing th'; Hurfac*; of the country I'roni liurlington 
 Bay to Hamillon {2'\\< that ut sonic rcmoto period it niUKt have 
 formed part of liake Ontario, wliich ina)iy tell you means hiuutiful, 
 and waj formerly named <\ifaracimy. This receding and en- 
 croachmont of one element u{)oii another, is a well-attested fact 
 throuf^fhout the now world : as for instance, at C-ape Look-out, on 
 the North Carolina coast, there was, m the memory of many living, 
 an excellent liarbor, capable of comaining a huiidreil ships at one 
 time, hut now entirely filled up, and solid ground. In Hamilton 
 aibresald, a ^'reat many Americans are located, Mhich explains why 
 a physician from the old country iiiilod in establishing himself thei-e, 
 because he had briought a livery for his man-servant. This princi- 
 ple well suits the afjuravi/ of a ciU'tain iourist in America, who, 
 whilst incarcerated in that pink of jirisons yclept Newgate, in the 
 Oid iiailey, of course for nothing at ail, to be revenged of his coun- 
 try for putting him there, fecnt forth n liook of Travels in Columbia 
 • — his travels! — a scraping together of the most veritable pulls, and 
 mendacious chronicles of the day, purporting to be a true and par- 
 ticular, faithful and impartial account of the United States, which 
 are therein elevated to something above Elysium, whilst his own 
 country, as matter of course, flescends below Tartarus. 
 
 Once strolling u[> liie Haymarker, a sudden shower drove me 
 into a, coffee-house on the left-hand side. As the legitimate objects 
 of discussion seem now to merge in talking up one party by talking 
 dow n another, Cjuir.'^ as unseemly as joint otools in drawing" rooms 
 or ottomans in kitchens, I make it a rule, in all places of {)ublic 
 resort, to seat myself as much out of the way of it, to observe with- 
 out bcinfj observed, as I can. In tlie next box to where 1 sate, 
 were, as I soon discovered, half ii. dozen literary characters, in open 
 discussion upo.i tlie publications of the day : presently a piece of 
 my own, then just appearing, fixed their attention : four vigorously 
 assaulted, whilst the other two, merely to bowl it onwards, made a 
 show of defending it. One great source of contemplation tome, 
 when rambling the streets of London, has always been, that of the 
 innumerable faces which 1 meet, though all endowed with the same 
 features, yet no two shall be alike ! How unreasonable would it 
 then be in me, or any other, to expect tliat men's minds, so diflfor- 
 ently formed and as vaviously furnished, should (piietly assent to 
 the same opinion I To resume my subject ; there were plenty of 
 hard things uttered, a circumstance to be expected, when persons 
 
MlHi KLLANEOUii AKTIOl.Kii. 
 
 161 
 
 a 
 
 ■■» 
 le 
 
 le 
 
 it 
 
 lo 
 
 is 
 
 aro lab(jrinjij in iho datk. At longtli, one of the two JeJemlanis, 
 af'tor iD'iiiv j)ros arici fons. cloaod the flib'-iist^ion by iHiriHin^ tliu 
 produciiua ti) be lii^ ! Thou«;h an utK/nmiiun of this sort was by 
 no tncaiis now to rue, I nov<;rtliolesa f^ot the boiler of '.uy habitual 
 taciturnity, and hundinjr to ihia ghost of rnyselt' a |)age ol my MS. 
 perchance in my adversaria, said, "As if. luts b».'en staled tl.iit the 
 anthtir ol" this trillo uses s<i small a charactor us to hv scarcely U?gi' 
 ble — IS ihi-; anytiiing like it I 1 also heard yo!i ridicule tlie idea ot" 
 cut-Uiomy, in another triih) by liie same, hand, which tells me that 
 you are ignorant of what originated the name for our coin called a 
 Farthing jvido Addenda td Ortlioejiy]. J:5efore wo undertake to 
 pronounce otliors wrong, woidd it not be l>ctler, ihink ye, first ol' all 
 to ascertain that we are not so ourselves." With this rebuke, 1 
 withdrew. When a man liears him.«elf calumniated and iiis works 
 eondemned, without feeling lesentmcnt or liis temper rutlled, iie 
 has obtained a victory ovei- himself, of more fiterling worth than 
 thai of t'tuj greatest concjueror ever known. This ciicumclanco, tri- 
 vial p,s it is, will serve to show that authors, generally considered 
 the most irritable of beings, nan be otherwise if they please ; and 
 tho.t he who commits himself to tbe Etriclure? of the pres^s and ani- 
 madversions of the world, should at. ihe same tinu; commit hia I'eel- 
 ings to safe custody — within th') sanctuary <.»f his own brea.-;t. TliO 
 foregoing sugge.=5ts some wholesome advice ic> authors, especially 
 young ones; and moreover, that they should never, if they desiro 
 their sid^i or circul.ition, print their (/v\'n Vorks. On their attempt- 
 ing this, the whole host of publisht.Ms instantly gird up iheir loins 
 for battle; against whom neither wisdom nor worth can ever pre- 
 vail. From their thousand Jionorubh modes of waging tliis war, 1 
 will select but. one, as happening to a friend ; for whose IMS. of a 
 small production, the head of a publishing firm, immediately after 
 inspecting it, offered a hundred guineas, but which, as pecuniary 
 m9,ttef3 were not an object with my friend, he declined, and soon 
 after printed it on his own account. Mark the sequel: — this very 
 bibliopohst, enlisting the whole brethren on his side, (no difficult 
 matter, from cornmumly of interests) aided by their hireling review- 
 ers, never rested until niakuig it valueless as a heap of waste paper. 
 So mucli for the integrity of critics and dispensers of our literature; 
 but how are tlie pubhc to get an elucidation oJ' these mysteries, see- 
 ing that the portals to their disclosure arc guarded by monsters that 
 never sleep I 
 
 "Yankee booksellers do not affix the price, like ours, to their pub« 
 lications, in order that the vendor may make the most he can of 
 them, regulating the aflair by the appearance of the buyer, his 
 acquain'cance with the article, and its character in the market. 
 They are famous resuscitators, or in other words, many editions oi* 
 the same work are announced to the public, when their shelves a,r« 
 still groaning with the weight of the first. So audacious are somo 
 
152 
 
 MtsnEI.LAWEoUS ARTTOLFS. 
 
 of this Tegg and Bumpus Iraternity, that a fiicnJ passing ihrough 
 the ware-room of one of tiieni, saw four distinct piles ot* hooks, a 
 first, eecond, third and i'ourtli edition of the same publication, in 
 which the ^/{r«t edition outpi/t'd fhe other throA. ! This, hovvevo]-, 
 surprises me less than tliriroKiraordinary iorhraranco, in not having 
 made it a fortieth or thn-tieth at least, by adding that hiiu). emblem 
 of t}:erasulves — a round o. 
 
 Books, on importation to the Sttiies, printed in any other langnage 
 but English, except Lnfin aiul Tireek, pay a duty of 4 cents per 
 volume; Latin or Greek do. when bound, 15 cents per lb. ; but if 
 unbound, To cents the lb.; on all others, when ])0und, 30 cents per 
 lb,, but if in sheets or boards, then *i(i cents per lb. I insert this 
 information because, before leaving Enuland, 1 coidd not procure 
 it, not even in the American consul's oflicM). 
 
 Brydone's Karnbies in the Gore District and Huron Tract of 
 Tjpper Canada, 1S34, contaijis some valuable hints to the settler. 
 This gentleman has been for several years, travelling Kuperintend- 
 ent of" The Petworth Emigration (Committee," which was found- 
 ed in 1832 by the Earl of Egremont, and though his lordship died 
 1837, is warmly patronized by his son Col. Wyndham. Their 
 charge for conveying an emigrant, not a pauper, from Portsmouth 
 ■to Toronto, TIjjper (^anada, including provisions and every other 
 itf ', is c£lO per priss-.iger; two children under 14 years for the 
 same, and infants free. There is no steerage in steam ships from 
 Ifingland to America, which, 1 think, is much to be regretied. 
 'Their passage charges vary from ct'30 to c£40, As coal, on impor- 
 ,tation to America, is charged, by Congress, with a duty of twopence 
 per bushel, this tax ])uis our steam-sliip owners to great expense, 
 in their trips to tliat country ; those, ibr instance, of the Great 
 Western, to upwards of ^€1000 per annum. 
 
 Spending a particular Sunday in the house of a Benjamin-faith 
 man or one of many cieeds, having changed them often, which pre- 
 cludes all claim to intermeddling with those of others (though in 
 his own conception, wonted modesty, and long-visaged meekne.«3 
 of his brethren, he knows more about divinity than the whole bench 
 of bishops, headed by tlieir chiefs; the natural fruits of a temper 
 «weot as Fourthieves' vinegar — sure accomyianiraent of thin lips — 
 and a disposition mildly gentle as a Barbary corsair) — I went un- 
 expectedly into a back room, where, erect like a grove of tall 
 maples, or provmcially a sugar-bush, sat a steeple-built Yankee, 
 grave as a one-eyed goose in a wig- box, reading a newspaper, 
 which on looking up, and peioeiving that J was not amongst iho 
 number of his fold, he diligently • ontinucd. When religion chas^ 
 tens a bad disposition, and corrects an equally wretched temper, 
 *ve then have proofs of its sincerity ; but, on the contrary, if it 
 should plainly do neiih-^r, by leaving these vices unchanged ns they 
 were, it is then nothing else but profession ; betwixt Vvhich and 
 
MlSl'ELl.ANEOtS AUTfCLES. 
 
 153 
 
 religion there can be no other union, than such that exists between 
 the vulture and the dove, or a wolf and the lamb, I could not alloW 
 myself to introduce this passage, wore it not for the succeeding' 
 piece of consummate hypocrisy, since no society is answerable for 
 the I'lisoondhct of individual members, but the sincere of ail deno- 
 minations will cordially unite with me, in denounclns^- such charac- 
 ters as tlio following. Presently a peculiar knock on the outer 
 gate, announced the approach of the slu^pherd to this Hock, The 
 newspaper in a twinkling slipt into one pocket, as a rninmiurii bible 
 popt out from another, and composing himself after the best con- 
 venticle fashion, with a whimpering twang from the same quarter, 
 began an exordium, as the shepherd entered, on profession and 
 practice, and a duo observance ot the Lord^s Day — your orthodox 
 and single-hearted churchman, having as much as isre(]uired of oire, 
 and all that, is looked for of the other, would substitute Sunday — 
 during which, he launched some severe censures against miscella- 
 neous readmg, as particularly untiifng this day of holiness and 
 prayer; and clearly believing me to be unobservant of his mana)u- 
 vrea, classed newspapers, saying nothing of the one ensconced in 
 his own pocket, first upon the list, as the more immediate age»ts of 
 Satan and his imps ! A key to the zeal of these shepherds, not' 
 unlocking any good like the excellent one to the New Testa- 
 ment by Dr. Percy, bishop oi* Droniore. but a selfish ciipidity, 
 because being remunerated rjy their flocks, the greater those flocks, 
 ergo, the greater their recompeiise. These melancholy vestiges of 
 the darker ages, are hap]iily unknown in our establishment ; the 
 clergy, as regards pecuniary affairs, are very properly independent 
 of the laity ; a consideration which, for the peace and welfare of 
 society, were there no other motives, that of themselves recommend 
 the wisdom of the measure. 
 
 The maximum of stipend to the clergy of the establishment is 
 dC200, per annum, an income so inconsiderable, that no person here 
 would article his son to, or himself embark in any trade that did not 
 otler a better, and yet very few of them receive that full sum f 
 whilst the remuneration to sectarian ministera is much greater; a 
 fact of which I was not aware when penning note 218. From the 
 peculiar way In which this is ettected, it i.' very difficult for a: resi- 
 de * enquirer, and next io impossil)]e for a casual one, to get at its 
 amount. Thus they publicly and truly enough declare, that they 
 give their pastors lilfiO a year each, but does it stop at that figure? 
 by no means; being one endless dip, and systematic dive, compris- 
 ing a species o{ basket fortimc, in the nature of a spinning visit (115)^ 
 bui, of a leas open character, for the unholy purpose of contrasting 
 their own moderate payment, with what they are pleased to call 
 our exorbitant one. Eacli order of tradesmen professing their 
 creed, tenders his offering privily, or Nicodemus fashion, which, in 
 the aggregate, from what I have heard, seen and luiow, far exceeif 
 
154 
 
 MISCELI.ANEOL'S AKTICLE3, 
 
 the Stipends of our clergy. To tlie?ie paymenta I have not tlia 
 smallest objection, but, because concealing an indefensible motive, 
 a very great one as to then- ef.-recy in making ihem. This secta- 
 rian duplicity does not confine itself to Canada, but may be recog- 
 nised in the mother country. 1 once sold a small property for 
 .£300 to a dissenting preacher in the neighbourhood of Kennington, 
 with hardly a change of rairncnt for himself or family on induction 
 to his office, avowedly but .£G0 a year, yet over atjd above sup- 
 porting thern, saved therefrom, in two years, as he owned to me, 
 the aforesaid c£'iOO ! I have heard several members of old Salters' 
 Hall congregation censure for its liberaliry, a weekly lectureship of 
 cfSO per annum, given in the establishtd church of an adjoining 
 parish, when their own society was then paying Dr. Collyer c£GOO 
 a year for a single sermon only on the Jjonrs l^ny afternoon ; and 
 their sta'ed minister, Mr. Lac^y, who stood in the position of curate 
 to the Doctor, executing all the laborious duties of the ministry, 
 received but r£J()0. Certain zealots attached to a corresponding 
 sect in the parish of Stepney, are for ever railing against the income 
 of the Rectory (under <i:oOO) whilst rewar<llng their own minister 
 with dGlOOO a year! which they've an undoubted right to give if 
 they please, but not to calumniate another for doing the sa:ne thing, 
 nor above all, to rear that calumny on the basis of a lie. The sti- 
 pends of our clergy are known by all their parishioners, but the 
 payments to non-conforming ministers are a secret to every one but 
 themselves. This too from K.un ihat talk of conscience, and of 
 doing as they would be done by. Alas! what is life bift a tiss'ie of 
 inconsistencies; full of wrong and replete with error ! but by the 
 time we fi'id this out, or have resolution to avow, being summoned 
 to depart, accounts for their still requiring amendment and needing 
 reform. Whilst we thus lay bare the iiiuits of others, may Ho who 
 governs all things, give us grace to correct our own. 
 
 Some years since, two artists and myself, for a special object^ 
 executed, in miniature, the likenesses of forty persons (bankiiipt 
 tradesmen and indolent yoimg m'^n), whom, because starting simul- 
 taneously, for secular purposes, in the dissenting ministrv, we 
 termed " The forty thieves," never halting till they had all made- 
 fortunes, or fortunes' worth, by the speculation. Much about the 
 same period, an elderly gentleman that 1 knew, being ruined by 
 the misconduct of his eldest son, died of a broken heart; the sort 
 disap()earing suddenly, was supposed to have escaped to that rcf\iger 
 for the reprobate — America. No very long time after this sad 
 event, rambling, as was nn- custom, in a remote part of Enghmd, I 
 put up at a retired villa,,^;', environed by others, wheve hearing 
 rnudi of a sectarian minister, 1 strolled one evening tc hia chapel- 
 house. Who should this minister prove lo be, but tho aforesaici 
 runaway son! I found him not only surrounded by tjvery hixury, 
 but on the eve of marriage with one of his flock, a maiden lady 
 of large fortune- 
 
MISCELLANEOUS AUTICLES. 
 
 155 
 
 ooiithey, in las Life of Buiiyan, charges the Sectarians of lf>66, 
 with being the authors of the Fire of London, that they might 
 thereby, in the supposed anarchy it would create, buiUl up their 
 own doctrines on the dowjifuU of the E]?tablished Church: <i(ing 
 many of them as suffering for tlie olfonce, which they confessed 
 before execution. 'Tis certain that the lire broke out on the very 
 day which, aa wa.-? afterwards discovered, they secretly inti-nded 
 that It should, (lo and 170) 
 
 The caihohc clergy in Canada are maintained by tithes, and no 
 light ones either, against which I never heard a wliispec from tho 
 enemies o( our faith tfiore ; a fact stron'dv corroborative u[' tho 
 malevolent and anti-christian spirit of their op[)Osition. Om' church 
 in these provinces is supported by its own funds, never h.'vying 
 tithes or contributions of any kind on its members : she is uniformly, 
 nay paternally indulgent to other denominations, ncvei- interfering 
 with them in any way whatever, and what does she receive fi'-m 
 them in retui'u f u' this forbearance ? why iiitle else but dirt and 
 oblo(|uy ; and really I should wonder if she did, seeing the apathy 
 of these seceders to every thing but their osvn inti.rests. J3ut let 
 ine remind the^e misled separatists, that every bit of dirt, winch toa 
 often distend to very largo lumps, that they so delight in casting at 
 our church, recoils, without thf.'ir perhaps knowing it, upon tliem- 
 seives; for If by any ciiance, from these and sii. dar acts, they suc- 
 ceed 11) seizing on the mantle of this their motiier, to which their 
 dirty doings tend, and [ilacc it on lier crafty rival of Rome, against 
 whom she is their great bulwark and defence, of which they seem 
 to be culp'ibly ignorant, being mere, though unconscious tcmls to 
 this adverse, and the more to be dreaded pai'ty, because working 
 by a power unseen — 1 say, should this ever happen, whicli God in 
 his mercy forbid, 'hen adieu to ;vour own i'aith and every other a» 
 well, which w^oukl thereupon bi- huddled into one promiscuous 
 heap as fit offerings to Jielial, to Moloch, and the grave. Papistry 
 never had, and never \\ ill have, but one feature — intolevance ;. M-ell 
 exeniplifie(f, to this day, in the kingdoms of Spain and PortuguJ/ 
 which, though severnliy indebted over and over again to the pro- 
 tection of l]!ngland \''^r absolute existenc^e, yet in neither r>f theru 
 can a Protestant Church or Cluipi/l dare lilt its head. Vide also 
 *' A Warning for J^igland," a curious publication of 1555, in tho 
 British Museum. Also Dr. Marsh, bishop of Peterborough's cele- 
 brated 82 cpjestions or r -aps for catching evangelical candidates for* 
 orders; and latterly, Re/. R. Pulwhele's " Letters," and "Anec- 
 dotes of Methodism,'" with "Practical Evils of Dissent, by a 
 Clergyman," J.oi:don, 1839. Tiior jh the Catholic priesthood is 
 doT'btless a learned one, still it is of a confined and restrictive cha- 
 racter, particularly n\ the libraries of its endovved Institutions, tho 
 Life and Liteiary Remains of Dr. Bathurst, Dean of Wells, and a 
 dignitary of Oxford, being almost the only one of our books that 
 
166 
 
 MISCELLANEOlfS ARTICLES. 
 
 finds admittance wltliin ihem, and on that, account, is therefore ai 
 scarce work. 
 
 Our Establishment in Upper Canada has now 108 chuiches, 
 with, at present, but 7G f^lorgv to supply them (20.0): ujore than 
 one hundred other applications have been rfiade from all parts of 
 tbo Province, for additional supplies; which prove that so far from 
 a languishing' state, as its enemies would imply, oar Churcli, it 
 appears, is in !\ flourishing condition. Many ordinations \\itl)iii the 
 diocese, have recently taken place, and a considerable (U'ccssion from 
 England is very shortly expected. Of the amount Irom sales of 
 their land called Clenry B.'?fri'?-re.^, appropriated to their support in 
 lieu of tithes, by an Act of the British Legislature, passed in 1791, 
 and called " The Constitutional Act," .£100,000 ar-^ invested in the 
 English Funds. 
 
 One of those pei-vonages known here as a class-leader, and for his 
 superabutidant zeal in the matter of exterior, in an intervimv with 
 me, took occasion to observe, that if any kind San)uri[aii would lend 
 him c€100, it would just then be a fortune to him ; aud as he was a 
 grateful man, he would make it worth any one's while to do so. 
 This conclusion to his speech excited my suspicion ; havmg sc^me 
 previous ac(juaintance witii this sort of character ; however, un- 
 willing to judge hastily, 1 bade lii.n call agaiu : meanwhile I made 
 private emjuiries, wliich, on his re-appearance, inductnl me to 
 address hirn as follows — " Yon are in the habit, I find, of bori'owing 
 money irom emigrants, and craftib/ paying usurious iviterest beforc- 
 }iand, who, ignorant that the law here forbids it, fall an easy prey 
 to your machinations; tor you have been never known to redeem' 
 any portion of the principal, or pay a second one of interest. You 
 Are too artful a Yankt^e to tell them that you never intend, or why 
 you never intend doing either, since that ^^'ould mar your projects 
 upon new comers. Here," 1 added, as spreading the money before 
 him, lest he might regard my admonuion as pretext, " is the sum 
 you want, but you shall not toucfi a shilling of it, nor so far as I 
 can prevent it, filch another from my countrymen." 
 
 A self-made American ranter of this class, a\erse to any manual 
 occupation, so long as he conic' eat hi.- mutton without it; sensible 
 too that opening his mouth is ir.uch easier than opening the earth or 
 delving a ditch, after swindling the ov'uex of the premises, in which 
 the preceding newspaper scene occurred, out of a ( onslderabN-- sum 
 of money, r-.treated to his own country (the liaven of d» linquents), 
 and from tiience actually sent a letter to him, which I saw, boasting 
 of the fraud, and his ad. 'tness in eflecling it. Another Yankee 
 saddlebags {minufcr would be a prostitution for such fellows)' 
 superior to the preceding, received a certain communication ft'om" 
 the simple Benjamitc, with strict injunctions that it should not be 
 told tr %„v one; but in a few hours 'twas all over the town. On^ 
 reaching lue ears of our planet-stricken Benjamm, he at one©' 
 
MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES. 
 
 ;67 
 
 charged the sectarian sllckamlte witji fe/ling it. " No," says this 
 head shepherd, "I've done no such thing;" but on bemg pressed, 
 in rny presence, added, without fauherinp — " but I tcrofc it on a 
 sheet of paper, and gave it to another." Tliough your Yankee is 
 by nature a Jordan':, or lazy find arrogant I'ellow, lie is an otiosian 
 or a Sonne what different character to your rompcfor, or pot con)()a- 
 nion, and mnher, a vagabond scamp. Thus, as those nioon-besm 
 simpletons that swallow the nostrums of <]uacks, kill tJiemsclvcs in 
 getting well — so this JJenjamin-faith man, and veritable Solon 
 amongst liitle boys, by being an easy prey to these nevvlight im- 
 postors, has made rapid inroads on his own private fortune, and is 
 fast falling from affiuence, to indlpenee and penury. Hence, if you 
 think that what these men have to say conveniically, can profit you 
 — hear them; always provided you have a strong mind, — if uglj 
 flee them — but beware, as this is the test, how you intrust ihera 
 with property, or the managemint of your affairs. Such sort of 
 defenders from the enemy of souls, are as rats in a corn-l)in or mice 
 in a cheese, u.aking you their prey, not the object of their rare. 
 We can't Ije too guarded against those worst of impostors, M'ho 
 Avhil&t they inveigh against the failings of others, are themselves the 
 abject minions -"'f hy[H)crisy and cunning. - Their |)uritanicalness, 
 lounging lope of gait, and baptist cast of manner, prepare us for the 
 exercise of every other sense but that of common sense. However, 
 as cectarianism must always have its badge, like that of a parish 
 6choo'-boy, so its disciples, in contradistinction to the rest of men, 
 enact the extraordinary and ordinary scenes of life, in that sort of 
 vvaj/ as if they didn't belong to it. 
 
 Excessive profession in anything rarely proves lasting, and is as 
 seldom Finrere. " My kingdom is not ol' this world," said our 
 blessed Redeemer • " Jjut nnne is" — imply the conduct o( .sectarians 
 generally ; and many of them, less cautious than their breihren, 
 have confessed to me personally — tliat they united religion \\ ith 
 politics. In rej)ly to so irreconcileabh; a unlrai, I cannot help 
 observing, that liii former, as too often practised in this country, if 
 it be n it as much a trade, as any [lursued by tlie craftsman, then I 
 am not less deceived, than r.\tain that every one must allow, after 
 these relations, that it bears the ^'crv imasre of it. The above-men- 
 tioned j)e!'sonages were notea for their obstreperousness in what 
 are here railed camp meetings, so eminently serviceable to thinly 
 peopled districts, for Xuq character of which I refer my reader to 
 the evidence which came out upon a late trial, in America, of one 
 Avery, a Methodist jireacher, for the murder of a young woman, 
 his disciple, whom he acknowledged to have previously seduced, 
 tUoujxh himself a rharried man With a family. Whereupon his 
 whole society, led by their shepherds, combined fl'-fir entire strength 
 in his defence; notwithstanding '.\ hicn it took six weeks to wring 
 out an acquittal. Tfiere is nothing uncommon in this impunity for 
 
 H 
 
 ,s 
 
I5ft 
 
 M1S( LtLANEOfS ARTICLES. 
 
 offence, when backed by such cleferuJera, as dally experl'^nOo shoWs 
 us in other countries ; tlius lately in our own, when a certain Jis- 
 senting dignitar;! was charged with a nameless offence, .'. relative 
 of mine, and one of his liearors, not only h-.J no hesitation about 
 the matter, but cont'e^-jerl to me, in confidence, that ir, was not liia 
 first offence ! and yti^ this vcrv man was his most strenuous public 
 advocate! and, with his whole party, hrially succeeded in screening' 
 the delinquent, (^iiery — had the culprit been of another faith, 
 would the accusation have be(,'n alike defctided, or the re^idt at all 
 similar ? Between these people a)i<] (.lUrselves is then this remark- 
 able difference — every accused individual amongst us stands or falls' 
 on the merits of his case ; whilst tiiis is notoriously not so amongst 
 them, but the whole party unite, maugre evidence of gmlt, to shel- 
 ter* or acquit him. (170) 
 
 I respect a minister, be ho of whatever denoiiiinat.ion, who is 
 honestly what he professes to be, and exercises a Christianly forbear- 
 ance towards others, but cannot be induced to df> -o.. when he is or 
 does not ; thoutrh, as an inichocked imagination, or over-heated zeol, 
 saying nothing uf novelty or 1 )ve of change, too (vften places him 
 in this position, Lhe indLilgence of such a feeling should be regulated 
 with some care : since it is not so much his own mistakes, as the 
 mischief of propagating them, that ought to bo cotisidered. How- 
 over, as there is no reasoning with self-sufficiency and arrogance, 
 perha|)S the wisest way would bo to leave these hallucinarians to 
 their own phantasms, since any attempt to undeceive them, would 
 only mi^et the fiite of hirn who should thrust a lighted torch Into a 
 barrel of gunpowder, then bid another pluck it out again ; but who- 
 could he get to do it ( say ratlier, where would ho find either, after 
 he had himself put m the torcdi ? 
 
 1 would charitably hopt^ setting profession aside, that tlie fore- 
 gomg are peculiarities confined to this region; but having served a 
 long apprenticeship in these matters, I am compelled to add, how- 
 ever unwillingly, that V doubt. Whilst enthusiasts suspect the 
 plain dealer to be a bad man, l)ecaiise, from a just apprehension of 
 human nature, he shuns every avenue to temptation, those who 
 regulate their o[ilnlons by expenenco and observation, decide ex- 
 actly the contrary way- 
 General Arnold, however, lost nearly a 1000 men by this perilous 
 march (Iba), from the severity of the season, and difficulties of the 
 country. Having joined his troops to those of the American Gen- 
 eiMl Montgomery, then amounting to several thousand, they laid 
 siege to Ouebec, where t;hough defended t)y only 1500 men, 800 
 of wliom raw mllit'.T, they were defeated, Montgomery slain, and 
 Arnold himself, to luu an Americanism, ,y^/mA;<?(i — that is, bolted or 
 ran off — but a retreat which they compare to that of Xenophon and 
 his 10,000 Greeks; although preceded by the American old trick, of 
 Buppressing- truth and disseminating falsehood by means of partizans, 
 
 "'fyl^fflPWP'rwf^i!^^^" 
 
MISCELLANKOUS AUTICLEb. 
 
 159 
 
 i 
 
 and mendacious circulars of Conf;ress, to gain possfpsion of the 
 Canadas. These repealed inroads on moral honor, divesr, it, in 
 their estimation, of every virtue • h)okinc:^ on it '^tmpjy as a nirre 
 tool in trade, which they xnuy tako ui) or Uiy down, just a-i oonve- 
 nlonce may recjuire or their interests dicMte. Nefjociaturs that, m 
 their own opinion, are invulnerable, siinply that they were never 
 known to blush, nor be overtaken by tpjalais of honesty or con- 
 science : making their diplomacy of that peculiar character, that 
 Europeans iiave litllc or no chance with them, unless tirst instructed 
 in Row Street, or schooled at the Old Bailey. 
 
 The iVcquenl allusion to prisons and pubiic bars throughout these 
 Notes, might demand some explanation, were they not, as every 
 reader must allow, the unavoidable accompaniments of my subject. 
 No gatherer-up of facts or observant tourist here, can make any 
 sort of progress, without having one constantly forced upon him, 
 and the other as continually before his eyes, i'risons — m exterior 
 like our Newgate, which no one can nnstake or jiass without a 
 shudder — should at all times be erected in conspicuous places, in 
 spite of the mawkish scruples of fastidious moderns, the origin, I 
 never doubted, of some claimant or delin([uent — 'h> better to incite 
 to the paths of virtue — like the eloquence' of divines tjr pleadings of 
 moralists — by exhibiting the consequences of preferring those of 
 vice. 
 
 Arnold and his army narrowly escaped destruction near the 
 famous fortress of Ticonderago. a word which the Canadians inter- 
 pret noisy. It was in this viciuity that Creneral Burgoyne conveyed 
 bis troops, cannon a^d ammunition, over such i'rightful precipices 
 and dens of rattlesn, kes, as to scare another American army into 
 immediate flight, which, had it been improved, would have ptihihi- 
 lated them: forming one of divers similar instances, during tho 
 revolutionary war, for its ending, if followed up, m a very diflerent 
 manner to what it did. The French Abbe du Pradt never so 
 egregiously committed hlmseli'as wlien, in tho bombastic and exag- 
 gerated 6t^ le of his cast, vido his celebrated work on the Colonies, 
 he state?, "Canada will havw ceased to belong to England, on the 
 day that the Ignited States will be able fo establish an arniy of 
 50,000 men." This idle swagger has been tried, even in the infancy 
 of Canada, and totally I'alled. Many curious particulars^ not to beJ 
 met with elsewliere, connected with this war, are contained in Lee's 
 Ptilitical and Military Essays, Lr»ndon, 1797. Mr. Stedman'? work 
 thereon, though really the production of Dr. Thofnsoi), ktd in tho 
 main pretty accurate, has excited some controversy; Thacher's 
 Military Journal, on the same subject, published at Bt>sloo in 1823, 
 is not at all to be depended upon. By the way, Madoc CJwyneth'a 
 Traditional Discovery of America-^ — vide Note 7 — has been treated 
 on by Dr. Wilhams, see his ** Enquiry/' London, HO.-?. A •' Key 
 into the Language of America," was by Midcrt not Doctor Williams. 
 
 II 2 
 
 I 
 
 
J 60 
 
 MIffCCLLANEOVS ARTICLES, 
 
 Canada (189) Is also caid to be compoundf . of the two aboriginal 
 wordb can, the momb, and a'la, the country (pro kaugh-na-datigh) 
 id est, the mouth of the cojjntry: otherwise from the native S?Vofd 
 Kanata, a collection of huts; ar.il many from oiiO of ifs ancient 
 nations cillod (Jdnahaa. Noither of the two vessels with whirl! 
 Jaccjiies J'iiriier, of St. Maloe:;, discovered T^ower Canruhi; exceeded 
 20 tons burthen ! In a state letter addressed by Ribier, in 1G66, to 
 Colbert, the celebrated m' lister of Louis XlVth, Canada ia there 
 described, as "A vast country nnculnvatcd, like a desert, and in 
 most places) uriuha))ited. cxcopt by dnnons and wild beasts;" 
 (There is clearlv mute of satiie luikinp^ beneath this, than strauqers 
 to the suljjcct are prej)ared for) which, afterwards aided by some 
 ridiculous proj-agatM^ii"} ol the Jesuits, occasioned the suppression of 
 the first histo ' accounts of Canada, published at Paris, by a 
 gentleman <>[' 1.^ ■..yc^ y\^^\ni\\\y Strailacnna. Where also appeared 
 in 1624, '' Ti)e '.^laiion 'f Vizananus, addressed to Francis I.'' 
 And, 1563, ** 'J'he True iJiscovery, Ijy Capr. J. Ribaulf," both 
 relating to America : coming out at London in ir)S2. Mv, Cnthbert, 
 of this ciry, is also the publisher of a New I'heory of the Tides, 
 reprinted 1 behove in London, forming; a small ortavo of 20 pages. 
 (245) Quel)ec, in the Algonquin tongue, likewise denotes % strait, 
 the river St. Lawrence, tit fhe point where (Quebec stands, being 
 less than a mile Avide. JJ^migTanls should be niiiidful how they 
 drink its ^vale^, as it has a tendency to produce bowel complaints. 
 This mortality on board the emigrant or rr>^M-ships (244) will uot 
 appear surprising when I add, that the harbour-master's boatmen 
 of Quebec have no difhculty, at the distance of a gun-shot, in dis- 
 tinguishing, from the odor alone, a crowded emigrant ship. Such 
 is the intensity of winter in ibis provinc-*, that during ;'old frosty 
 nights, the forests will creak as if 10,000 woodmen were busy with 
 their axes ! The French language here, like that amongst the 
 Acadians, is a good deal corru[)ted by an odd intortnixture of 
 .En^dlsh words : as et ro»s too, instead o[ ci vou.*, rn/sxi, w'xih f)os 7/et, 
 for pas encore, &(•. Ceuain English residents hf;)'e that fell in my 
 way, and others in t.he Upper Province as well, I would recommend 
 to procure, through some bookseller, Pickborn's excellent gramma- 
 tical treufise on the English Verb, When the Duke ol' Riciimond 
 (244) landed at (luehec, as Crovernor-in-chief, he was thrice pre- 
 vented, by the restiveness of the horses, from entering the carrL ge 
 for conveying him to the castle, though they stood fjuietly enough 
 for his daughters : he Hnally walki J. Tins would hardly have been 
 worth mentioning, but for a similar incident at his funeral there, 
 some ti»^i'.> after ; the horses plunging violently on every attempt to 
 place his remains within the hearse; which were ultimately borne 
 to their li.ii. home by ihe soldiery. In the wardrobe room of the 
 Parliament House here, for depositing the members' hats, ■:loaks, 
 and umbrellas, is a curious contrivance for receiving also their 
 
 i-n 
 
MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES, 
 
 161 
 
 tobacco pipes wlih the name of each owner over it, iKav he may 
 not take the wron^ one. JJurij)g a paus*: in the del.atcs, this ri)om 
 iri Jtic L'Mioriil reiiilozvons, aiicl (|tiickly fillorl with .siicli volumes of 
 stnokt.', us lo onceal f.'very tiling IVoin without "r within ir. 
 
 Many parts of Lowin- Carndn, with some udlace ones of tho 
 Upper, arc a good Ji.'al annoyed hy Shiners; an .'her r.aine for 
 Irish lahorf-rs opposed to the French Canadians, for incicrwcnkirig 
 them. The French \)opiihit.ion of tliis province niaintain, tluit Q;;i:- 
 bec received its name fioni their countrymen, its di >coverers, oi' 
 rather iirst settlers, from some spot un ihe river Seine, prcthahly 
 Cantlcbcc. Some of my own nation assert It to be of An^Ho-Nor- 
 man origin, forming- one of the titled, circa 1420, of William do la 
 I'ole, Earl of Siiftolk, in the reign of Ucniy Vth, concjueror at 
 Aginconrt, [ sliouid, however, imagine it to be a derivation from 
 on ancient, and then neighbouring tribe of the Quenchex Indians, 
 recognised by treaty in i6!»3. it now I f^elieve extinct. The want 
 of municipal iii.stiiur.i(jnj< in i. is ly and Montn-al, is much com- 
 plained of. Wiicn milk h' "e, )'i the winter season, is taken lo 
 market in cakes, It is then sold at fourpcnce the lb. The French 
 say they stutled Canada by a colony from Rouen, led by their first 
 governor Chanipbln i'JO.':^, bolng five years before Hudson, (loo) 
 who perished in ono of lijf 'oyagos, took i)ossession (jf New Neliier- 
 latids (New York) for the jJut<;li ; and discovered It by John Ver.i- 
 san, that preceded .Tacrpjes Cariier, (:il5) but are sih-Dt as to his 
 labors, benig seized and eaten by the savages. As General Wolfe 
 was leading on his army, in boats, to scale the heights of Abraham, 
 he recited, to the officers in his barge, the whole of Giay's Elegy 
 in a Country Cliurch Yard, then just published ; and upon conclu- 
 sion, added, '* Now, gentlemen, 1 would ratlier be the author of 
 that poem, than even to take (Quebec." A greater tribute from 
 arms to letters, considering tlie position in wliicli this conmiander 
 then stood, could not well have been paid. This city was originally 
 taken by some private English adventurers, 1629, but given np by 
 treaty to the French in 1632, The 8word worn bv Wolfe, on thia 
 memorable occasion, is now in the United vService Museum, a very 
 appropriate depot irum, being presented by George Ward, Esq. of 
 Beadmout, Sevenoaks, Kent, whose great uncle, General Ward, 
 vas executor of Mrs. Henrietta Wolfe, mother to the hero. Many 
 interesting particulars of this hitherto but little known warrior, are 
 shortly expected to appear, from a mass of })aperg, relating to the 
 siege of Quebec in 1759, recently brought to hght, and for which 
 the public, at least the literary part, are most anxiously looking. A 
 descendant of Oliver Cromwell has presented the sword worn by 
 him at the siege of Drogheda, Sept. 10, 1649, to the same museum. 
 It is a basket-hilted one, and has been struck by two musket-balls 
 on the blade. This fin^l subjugation of the French in Canada, took 
 
162 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLFJ"!. 
 
 place 130 years after they liad boon first beaten by tlio desultory 
 efforts of a fovv RritrlishmeM, an before stated. 
 
 Tlie furnifl in this province are rcMnarkal>le for (h^pth ; bcing^, on 
 the banks oi' a river, lialf an arnont l)road, and in depth thirty 
 
 arpents or pljts, 
 
 but 
 
 pro] 
 
 )(MJV 
 
 ;/V of [I 
 
 round, corituinirii,' 100 
 
 perchos s-quare, ea<;h Ikmu^ ei^litei-ti loet h>ng. (2i;j) I'ljll one-half 
 of the more valuable seigniories l^eloiig' to the English by purchase, 
 ■vi'hose superior skill and energy in their cultivation, above iliat of 
 their former o\vni!r.s, proveibially without eitlier, place them be\ond 
 coin])etition : \\ liich certain partisan*!, upon noticing!;', can't do othe-r- 
 wise than allow; nevertheless, nuu'k the accuracy of iJieir conclu- 
 sions, charii^o upon then as an offence ! so that the industrious are 
 to be punished for belnij so, and the indolent rewarded for their 
 idleness. This appronclns the acts of the Paj)ineiiu parliament, one 
 of which was to obtain annual gi.mts of '£"ir>,OUO tor purposes of 
 education, though really aj)propriatinf» to theniselv(;s, saving a tri- 
 fling moiety iti providing schoohnacsters to perpetuate ignorance, 
 notorious a<? marksmen, or unahh to write ! This reminds me of 
 iho stultifying noise which dissenters make, about the prodigious 
 nurpber of children which tiiey ed'iciite gratuitously : to this I reply 
 by the following cjuotation from Parliamentary documenlo, upon the 
 subject, just published : "Summaiy oF returns for all the English 
 counties, of the number of children educated by the Church of 
 England, l,223,3ii7; ditto by the various denominations of Dissen- 
 ters, 4S,'170." Not a twenty-fifth part. This is a short, but I. trust 
 sufficiently long answer, to shanie a boaster. — Jn Pap.'s parliament 
 aforesaid, there were some half-dozen members f(;rmij)g w^hat poli- 
 ticians call squadrnne ; a term coined in the last Scotch parliament, 
 meaning neutrals, o[)posed. for truckling purposes, to whig and 
 tory ; now known, though not I be'ieve publicly, as I never met 
 with it in print, by the name of " Thf Fli/ing StjUtidron.^' In 
 person, the father of Papineau ^'ery closely resembles the portrait 
 of Old l^irr, wdiose life, mukitig 16 leaves 4to., was published at 
 London 1035, under the title of "The olde, oldo, very olde Alan;" 
 and sold there lately, by auction, fur five guineas. — Where one 
 English child at Quebec now learns French, there are, from the 
 best accounts, ten French ones that karn English. At all eventSj 
 for the peace and welfare of the whole, Lower Canada must not 
 hereafter be goveriu'd by any but an English population. 
 
 The French Canadian law of Cominun'Uie de bicn, or partnership 
 in property by marriage, calls loudly for reformation, as, by its 
 provisions, if the wife die befoi-e her husband, the children, as heirs 
 to the mother, can claim half their father's property. — The governor 
 wa3 called kitchi akima, or great captain, by the aboriginal tribes 
 distant from and around Quebec, whose language came as near to 
 that of tlie Algonquins as Portuguese to the Spanish. The political 
 
MISCEI.LINKOVS ARTICMIS. 
 
 iorj 
 
 t 
 
 13 
 
 Is 
 Ir 
 b 
 
 and spiritual ascendarjcy of the Jesuits, hcnco the rnt^asure of their 
 fiuppiessioM, (2 13) is shewn by tlio t'ollowing extract trom a ibmior 
 French writer upon CanaJa, " The (.Jovernors General that mean 
 to enrich themselves, do commonly hear iwci masses, and conless 
 once at least every day." French ])riejits, missiotinries of this order, 
 in making prosi'l^ tes amoui^ liie Indians, do not .sfiiiple at a pious 
 fiMud, as one of them is known to have tohl tliese objects of his 
 attention, on relatmt;^ the history of our Saviour, that the Virgin 
 Mar^ w as a French woman, but that Jesus Christ was eruciHeil by 
 the Enghsli. — One pleasiij<j[ feature in its soci<'ty is, the entire 
 absenct^ of softariati intoleraiu'e or discussion, which so harass and 
 pervade the Ujiper Province. — In early times, none but the con- 
 verted could be induced to touch money, calling it by the odious 
 rame of the Fre/ick S^rj)<nt, Tlie natives, simple as they were, 
 stoutly ^^lthsloo(l the attacks from a missionary oi' this class, till 
 iairly overpowered by a profusion of words , quickly fniding him 
 out, I suppos»', to be one of those delectable twigs of the French 
 school, your Prince Gabs and Lord Twistalis, \\ ho, if you choose 
 to let him, would presently ])ersuade you, that a mill-dam was the 
 joceat!, and soapsutls champaigue. The -same kind ol .•=agery, as 
 the sapient (juestion, Can you spell a live mouse-trap in three let- 
 tei-3 i C-a-t. Words are the vehicles, anil often very abused ones, 
 but do not of themselves constitute knowledge; that ol'a modern 
 Frenchman, like liis literature, being tinctured w>th immorality and 
 iintldehty ; etiually noted for deciding, or attempting to decide, all 
 adnntted principles of judgment, with those of common sense as 
 well, very ditie.-ently to oih(;r people. — Alexa:ider Mackenzie's 
 V(iyage from Montreal, on the St. Lawrence, thror Jih the Continent 
 of North America, to the Frozen and Pacific Oceans, in 1793, is 
 remarkable for having first effected a discovery of the Polar Sea, 
 by land. In 1781, a rather noted Primer, a term anciently denot- 
 ing a Book of Prayers, but now an elementary one, was published 
 in Montreal, for tlie use of the Aborigines, in the English and Mo- 
 havvk languages: vide Robson's Six Years' Residence in Hudson's 
 Ba.y. . . . , 
 
 This title difFiculty in the lower province, (243) is illustrated in 
 
 the person of Mr. M of Montreal, anciently ViUemaria, who 
 
 purchasing a hou.se in the suburbs for ci'tJoO, had scarcely taken 
 possession, when he was called on for three separate rnongages, 
 amounting to<€i700 more; a thing which could not have occurred, 
 had there been a registering office in the province. The will of this 
 gentleman restrained his widow from remarrying, under a forfeiture 
 of the property, which was considerable: a yankee travelling me- 
 thodlst preacher isoon induced her to forget it. On his becoming 
 acquainted with the marital restriction, he was much chagrined ; 
 but upon consulting the will, contrived to hold pot. assion of the 
 property by picking out this provisional clause, "She shall b« 
 
 / 
 
164 
 
 MI9CKLLANEOU8 ARTICLM. 
 
 allowed a maintenance." l/'|>on my advanrlnia; a sum of money, or 
 ail improved estate in IT. C, il)C orin;inal deeds, hut ffjr my insist- 
 ing, wero not to have accorTipanirtl 'the mortf^ugc onus; a practice, 
 as was ol>served to me, of the country. No wonder, I returned, 
 tt)at litigation ahounds h.ere, nop that :.everal inrurnt)ranccii should 
 lie on liie siime property, one only of which, if foreclosed, as often 
 happen'?, will hardy pay tljo <]<.'ht and costs. The nonuMul owner- 
 sliii) of lofs, is another ruinous characteristic of the land : the simple 
 native, noticed a puge or two hack, has several lots up(ui these 
 conditijus, tiie hju-o j:)ayment of the Interest alone, cleuiing his 
 pocliots, un.l pu^ihing him downhill. 
 
 Wlien Governor Sir F. Head, Bavt. di»s?olved tiiis assemhly, 
 known hy tin; ap[)ellai.ion of the Jack-tisa Pai-lianient (206), a parti- 
 cle of whose decision in ilie lower ])rovince, or a small hiich to the 
 tail of one. with a fiol's-caf) on the head of another, wonld 
 promptly have discomflied the heroes of Pap-and-oh — radicalism, 
 in other words revolution, iiapjiily for the province, is now at a 
 discount. Two characteristic acts by the leaders of the above- 
 nientio:..>d distinghis/ud body, would, in reputable society; or a 
 coiM't of Justice, have corisigncd tliern to merited contempt and 
 irdamy — namely, substituting a f(>rged paragraph ol' their own 
 invention, in the (rovernor':; speech, then printing it secretly for 
 pirculation amongst tlieir country constituents; and afterwards set 
 afloat an iniquitous statement, su|)porting it by n?, vile a fabrication, 
 that they had seen official dcr'im'Mns irom the home government, 
 announcing it ; both which, after etlcciing tiieii- [)urpose, they openly 
 ^VQWed as political aid from their brethren the Yankees. I'hus, if 
 pne pf these worthies dive both hands into your pockets, whilst his 
 legs are stilJ in the sio.ks, he is, af a pinch, the pattern of every 
 virtue, qj; a very injured man. Such is racllf.ali.sm in this country, 
 and if vi'o are to decide from its o\A'n acts, much the same out of it. 
 From which it perhaps hardly need be told, that the veracity of this 
 party here, i§ such, that M'hen caught in the fact of any slip, they 
 will not only deny it, but if need be, and njelancholy to add, as it 
 still further showa the spread (jf deteriorating principles amongst 
 them, produce a host of witnesses to prove the same thing. Con- 
 clusively, liberty in the hands of such men, is not ordy a bane to 
 their own happiness, but an absolute invasion on the rights of others. 
 Her attributes are indeed manifold, but require some schooling to 
 separate the false from the true; is it nottheiefoie more expedient, 
 if there be any cause for such a measure, that a few of us be pa- 
 tient, than that the whole should be miserable 1 Other natiojis 
 derive a revenue from their colonics, whilst we, on the contrary, 
 not only derive noiu; from ours, but are put to a very heavy expense 
 in supporting them, saying nothing of thair enjoying, ai our hands, 
 liberal, free, and enlightened institutions. And wlmt, pray, has 
 been our reward for this boon and outlay? Why, onp continued 
 
MISCP.LLANEOU)) ARTICLES. 
 
 nj'a 
 
 .d 
 
 furies or insult and <logra<lnlion, hesiilos ln-ing the joal »nc\ ridicule 
 pt' Em-ope. W'liuL but the rrsults arising tViUfi this cause, l(»rtt us 
 )ill America; arul if persisted iir, will lose us Canada alsv). lJurit)g 
 a debate in tho I'orfgoiti!^ Asinino p'lrluinieiit uf U. C, ;i moniber, 
 after much aiiu^e a'.';uins;l the m. other couniry, corcludrd wiili " I'll 
 aiid no ni'iri; ntiw, fur we are not in a eomiitiou to t/iroir hfr off." 
 Tlio Ibllow iiig iuct i)ears stroHLi'ly on this puujt : shortly since, there 
 happening to lie a surplus of €1000 in the Poot-ortici.' di|jartnient 
 at (Quebec, it. was Ibrwardrd to Knghiml: whereupon a vujlc.t 
 new.sj.mper outcry nrosi' ill its departure; their i-diturs l'oii>ftiing, 
 or more to their shame if they tlid not, caring nothinix tit all nboul 
 il, thai, the militarv defences alone of the C'anadas, entail a larjjc 
 expendituie on J^iglund, without themselves contriliuliitg one iota 
 of the charge, lleuco the !ij)olheL;tn — i\(;ep >dl that nou can get, 
 but; part with nr)thing — has other ndniircrs besides its Vaiikee ori- 
 ginators. A sellisluie«s so interwoven in their nature, and peculiarly 
 dormant to ifs own interests, that it", in fuder to obtain some great 
 favor, it be first necessary lb.' themselves to grant a small one, they 
 certainly would risk, if not abstdut.ely lose it. l?y a refbrniation of 
 the foregoing errors, with puiting a stop to that corse to Canada, 
 land-jobbii:g, and encouragijig emigration from England, the coun- 
 try will remain ours, btit contrariwise, must then becmne another's; 
 and unh'ss this takes plare, the more that you do lor licr, so far from 
 retarding, wdl only hasten that event. 
 
 There i.- one thing pecubur with tliese lazzaronl — thcr'c hcavy-vvet 
 and pip«!-clay ^itatesmen — heic, that their a\ocatious should have 
 taught them to rectify, namely, the meanest amongst them i;ever 
 exerclc'cs a trade wlr.cii he has not learnt; but the wliole of his fra- 
 terinty think themselves ijvialitied for tiie most dilhcult — that of 
 goA'ernment An ignorant man has one notion of liberty, tlie edu- 
 cated another ; but the misfortune is, that certain politicians obsti- 
 nately act as if both were equally enlighioned. The Utopian of 
 every country «h;)ej precisely the san,^- thing, thougli he knows or 
 ought to do, that their u!iion is impossible : hence, and justly, the 
 little success of those innovating brands of fuss and fustian. "As 
 there appears to me no g?'ievance to be redressed, no wrongs to be 
 right(;d, no lil-'^rtiert to be asserted : and desirous only of contribut- 
 ing to the ^velfare of the country ar.d the good of its people;" said 
 a bv-atander to an o.ator of this mouse-mountain school, " 1 would 
 thank you to name those abuses you so quixotically denounce, or 
 that windmill of which you desire to destroy its arms." Tliere- 
 upon the sage leveller, mumbled forth, with a look dark as a stack 
 of black cats, "It's to prevent having any." "This is after the 
 example of the man." retorted the querist, " w . whipt his children 
 at night, lest they might want it in the mornij ^ Or those Machi- 
 avellian seers on the management of Ireland, who, if they were to 
 jiell its wealthy men, and large landed proprietois, to go home and 
 
 • a 
 
166 
 
 MlSCELLANJilOLS AUTICLES. 
 
 Bjiencl tho'ir rp.venuoa in the country from whence they draw them, 
 ^vouhi 1)0 putti:i<i tlie sathllo on the rlshl horse, atul a much nearer 
 approach to 'riiih, than any thiU tlu y have yet made." lie migiit 
 have added, Lhe liish are iialionally improviilent, the ill cunse- 
 quence.j of which they are ever ready to fasten on anybody but 
 themselvcii. Once rebukiug an en'ibarrassed Irish gentleman with 
 a plentiful estate (^£6,000 a year) on the great inJiscretion of allow- 
 ing huii expenditure to excecfj its rental, he answered " Pooh ! why 
 
 I'm intimate with all the principal gentlemen in the county of 
 
 whoiui est;ifes are much larger than mine, and not oiir of tliem but 
 M'hat is over head and cars in debt." Pretty stewards these men 
 would make over another man's afBii'-j ! ca[)ital ones truly in those 
 of a nation! Add to which, its people ])ossess the smallest share 
 of common sense {Qy. h;i\e ihey a grain 1) of any uthci in the 
 wovld: a passing glance will settle this, (van you get at an Irish 
 cabin, without leaping muck-hills, or navigating cess-pools '^ Aiid 
 upon arriving there, will you not always find its door open, and the 
 window s shut, or stu(Tbd-up with fragments ; whilst the smokp 
 escapes from every .aperture but a chunney ; anJ the female occa-» 
 pant issues forih, on the hottest day oi^ summer, in a thick warm 
 cloak, but her head unbotmettcd, and at all seasons exposed to the 
 action of the elements. The very atmos:{)here of tin; country ap- 
 pears to engender nothing but strife and discord, as all that I've 
 known to go there, have generally returned overloaded with 'uotht 
 She is a plague-spot and volcano in herself; and if nature, by some 
 powerful throe, would but place her, like St. Helena, .1800 miles 
 from any other land, so as then to annoy only her own liegeis. It 
 would be a (Jod-send to all, and a loss to no one but themselves. 
 Concession after concesskm. unwise in policy, and unjust in princi- 
 ple, have been mode to them, besides one-half the session of every 
 parliament being now regularly occupied with their business, and 
 still they remain just where they were. Another, and more inipor- 
 tant cause, besides the insidious artifices o*" |v)litical adventurers, 
 has to do with this turbulence and ingratitude, but which is no less 
 secretly than artfully concealed from the public eye. I mean the 
 infimous production of Father Malony, printed at Lisbon in 1645, 
 and disseminated surreptitiously all ovt;\' Ireland, being an attempt, 
 couched in the most un .varrantable termg, " To excite his country- 
 men to persevere in their endeavo-ir- to extirpate the name, man- 
 riers, and religion of Engllshuien rrf)iu iinongst them." A principal 
 instigator, tive years before, to the horrible inas.sacre of 40,000 
 English Frotestontt'. in Ireland. Another fact alscj speaks volumes: 
 the hireling agitators on Irish afhiirs, got u|), some time back, the 
 report of a famine for that country, and John .Bull, in his benevo- 
 lence, sent over a c£l,000,OuO td relieve his starving brethren the 
 Milesians; when lo ! as afterwards came out, the exportation of 
 provisions cf all kinds from Ireland to other parts, more esp ecaliy 
 
MIBCEILANEUUS ARTICITS. 
 
 1G7 
 
 Liverpool, in this year of allegoil farriine, exceeded any other pre- 
 viously known. Again — a common mode of enoendering l>itter 
 fee^liijf^s Hgalnst our Protestant nobility, holding estates in Ireland, 
 is by a\aricious natives taking leases of those estates, calh^l *• Setting 
 them for ever," whicli strip the proprietors of all control over thcni, 
 at a low rental, and subletting thern at an enormoun advance, them- 
 selves porketinLT tlie profit, whilst conniviDg at fastening its oiliuni 
 on the noble owners. Thus — one instance is as good as a niillion 
 — Lord Powis leases his Irish estate for t€l,900 per ann., but the 
 lessee nets .1*30,000 a year from it ' The demagogical biawlera 
 upon Hibernian matters saddle this extort; >n on his Icndsliip, when 
 they know the ch irj^e to be a false one, and thai, he lias no more to 
 do wilii it than the reader or njyself. The law punishes with 
 severity, and justly so. the man who libels another, but wliat ahould 
 bo done to hitn, sayuig nothing of his head or heart, that deceives 
 the people and libels a nation? Confound not, l.herefure, the inno- 
 cent with the guilty, but award to theoHender his just duo. More- 
 over, does it admit of any doubt, iliat a Papist can respect or 
 cherish a Protestant, when the articles of his faith so strictly forbid 
 it] Sceptics on these points should straitway peruse Gregory on 
 the Church. I am aware tliat the ap[)arent ])ublic conduct of this 
 party disclaims all intercourse with these inferences; but I remem- 
 ber, \v)ien a i)oy at school, the first copy I wrote after entering into 
 join-hand, wim " AppcarfUJ''(.s are deceitful,^' ii wholesome maxim 
 that, somehow or oth(?r, ha.^ stuck l>y me ever since. Besides, if a 
 man wish to defend himself against the nmohmations of a deadly 
 enemy, would he receive that enemy into the bosom of his own 
 family, or seek his advice as to how he should set about it 1 
 
 Tliese vvhiske>', pugnacious, and at-him-again-ginger people, 
 bawl and bluster al>oiit liberty, and a pretty kettle offish they sure 
 enousrh contrive to make of it. Knowledcre can never come all at 
 once upon a n)an, but approaches by slow and imperceptible de- 
 grees, being the result of much study and application. This applies 
 to every thing sublunary : iience to appreciate, but more particularly 
 enjoy that which we arc seeking ai'ter, it will be imperatively 
 necessary to be instructed m its use. Give liberty to the fiequenter 
 of suttling houses and bear-gardens, or him who places it in a ces- 
 sation from labor, and I hardly need ask in what way 'twill be 
 estimated, or how long it will gratify. The world is thronged with 
 full grown children that require as much looking after, as those not 
 yet out of their leading-strings; a task indeed equally arduous and 
 toilsome, though they are not aware of it their selves; and in pro- 
 portion to this their insensibility, are the more unreosonable in their 
 claims the other way. Tliey are jilainly a^kin*^ for a straight 
 waistcoat, which by all means give 'em ; but be it the giver's care 
 to see thai its fastenings arc all safe, so that it be not exchanged for 
 another and less secure one. I could add a great deal more upon thi» 
 
168 
 
 MISCELLANEDL* ARTICLES. 
 
 subject, but let the present suf]ice, to sltovv how grossly poor John 
 Bull is deceived, not orly by Jonaflian, but a part of his own iarnily 
 as well. He who adlresscsa mixed assembly, how otderly soever 
 it may bo, as a [)eri'eet ore, tells them th-'t which, from the penalties 
 ofour nature, can never happen, and is therefore nut trua: what 
 then must we thinlc of those parlizans in our time, who not only 
 accost every vatfubond .issembhjge they can draw around them, in 
 the same strain, but addifionally to making iht^m out something 
 above liumaiiirv,a littltJ b'^'low angels (Query, fallen ones ■), asperse 
 their chiefmon and rulers as the most abandoned of God's creatu'-es'? 
 Whv that tlujv are not alone the bitterest eneiries of iheir auditory, 
 but considering the pronencss of low minds to welcome evil rather 
 than good report of their superiors, our authorities are ia the high- 
 est degree censurable for tuti^'oring them to do so. 
 
 A chief brawler, or people's champion, amongst the radical band, 
 —a pest that Providence in its wisdom permitteth for ii season, as 
 disease is said co purify, and mud even cleanses — is a person who, 
 thfjugh often, but ineftectually admonished, was at length dismissed 
 his ortlce, i'or cajoling one man of r.is land, at a few pence the acre, 
 and i/rescnting it tn another Jtt some trifle of jiounds: whilst: for a 
 U. E. right — originally a body of about 10.000 (SGO) — he liberally 
 paid c£-0, and gave mcay for -£100. r''s tender mcucies lor tlio 
 emigrant aiid peoj)le, spriuLring from a s. urce ecjually disinterested, 
 has induced him, additionally to his brawling and ett'iontery, tl.'e 
 levers of his order, to reorsranize an olden i)ubble svstem, ibr secur- 
 ing them more iumiediaic ly to himself, whertnu he as usual is the 
 trap, they as customary the ball. Sir Francis Head has now left 
 the province : the colonial minister sent him uisttuctions to piomote 
 io the highest offices two barkiiie; radicals, since fled the country, 
 one proving a traitor, the other a rebel — but, Sir Francis, well 
 knowing the men, declining to do this, hereupon tetidered his 
 resi<;"nHfion. whi,?h, iTiuch to the rei^ret of the loyal and well afected, 
 Wi:.^ accejifed. The pt()ple of ICngland are not more mystified 
 about their own afhiir.s, by hlielmg asiiiit.itors and radical dema- 
 gogues, than, through the same means, diey are also misled upon 
 these of ttie (/anada^. The haretacei attempts of America, to 
 foment di'il.irbances in the country, that, like the bjd)oori, the cats, 
 Uiid the cheese, she may hereafter |»ounce upon it herself, without 
 the risk and hazard of open warfare, nre regard d with universal 
 indignatii II. M«*ssenger after messenger despatched to Congress, 
 to deniatid explanation i'or tlu,'ir lo.ie treacherous proceedings, 
 received the customary attentions of Messrs. Blarney and (Iair}mon, 
 with fudge pniclamations, issuing from their school, that not only 
 dec ivcd no iMie. but atforded amusement even for their scum and 
 raltiile : their shuffling upon this subject betrays th^irfitudieil attain- 
 nient ol' that detestable maxim of the notorious Talleyrand, which 
 •ays *' Taat speocii was given to a man to enable him to disguiae 
 
MISCELLANBOUS \HTJCLE3. 
 
 169 
 
 oil 
 lis 
 
 icl- 
 
 K)U 
 
 to 
 
 -a 
 id 
 
 n- 
 :li 
 
 his thorghts." What amu/es me is, that ulthougVi most of the public 
 acts, and all the fonno^n K'laiions of these republicans, betray cviilent 
 marks of their orio;in, other nations are sU»w to Ijelieve this, nud 
 when at Inst eompelled to do so, are as unwilling to j)r()Ht by it. 
 A teiKlerness oi' treatincMit itiHuenciiig, without doubt, every mind 
 regulated by right principles, but betrays perfect ignorance of these 
 pec»plo to imagii.e, that it will liave uiiV whatever with them. It is 
 the prepe.>-iy of a cunningly devised, half-taught intellect, alwi.ys 
 to misinterpret lenity and forbearance. During the Canadian trou- 
 bles, gangs .>f Yunkee syi7jj)athit;ers, Anshre rolibers and assassins, 
 made inroads on its frontier for j)urposes of blood and | lu.ii;ei'; the 
 first of tiicir number caught were admonished, then let go ; this, as 
 to be anticipated, had no better effect than to increase their dejire- 
 dations !' vliereupo: a sainph.- Ironi the next lot being })ioperly 
 punished, their maraudings ceased. 
 
 ]f any one, in 'heir [)idilic assendjiies, attemjjf. to check their 
 headstrong propensitu^p, he does so at the risk of his life: nay, this 
 sessi(fn of congress ( 18'i!)), a member endea\ouring to restrain some 
 of his brethren in their unlawful proceedings, was desired Ici keep 
 his advice to himself; and presently after received several leti'.'rs, 
 threatening, if 1'e re]>eated it, to Bowledtmte, shoot or Lynch hun. 
 In oiher countrie?, the superior and middling classes influmce 
 the character of its people, bat the fdelifMans, canaille or mob in 
 this, because it is that one alone \Vhich governs here ; hence, though 
 the first two classes may ha\e very little to do with this lamentable 
 matter, still, so long as they suffer the endurance, they must at leust 
 be content to share in its ooIkjuv. 
 
 As it would be inexcusable m me to be altogether silent on the 
 late attempts of the aforesaid party to revolutionize Canada, I w ill 
 cite three or four facts from a host of others equally prominent, to 
 show the nafionalitii and partiv-lpatioti of the zVmericting in this busi- 
 ness, and leave their inlerenre \Mlh the rerider. Tv>o of the f>nn- 
 cipal otlicers in the Customs at New York, w ere president and 
 secretary at a meeting of sympathisers, or allies of c* ir rebels, in 
 that f. yi and headed a sub3c:ripiion to foment their rebellion 5 8o<m 
 after, for wlia* it was notst- • ■d.thoiigh the ob-^er vant n:ay imagine; 
 they received promotion: wh-'sf Thoma« liro\,n, a rtmaway Gin- 
 €fat in the said rebel arfny, tliey have since made Auditor of Public 
 Accornpts for the Territory of Florida. Marcv, CJiovernor o\' New 
 York State, repaired to IJurtalo tc7 expel, as he gave out, the 
 pitjueerers congrejL>ating there at free quHrters, a pretext, us it 
 proved, not alone fiircictd but impiidently burlesqued, uh it was not 
 even attempted; whilst they became his sole associates, particularly 
 their General Van Kennselaer, - -iourneymen printer of (pjesiionable 
 character antl no reputation. < rxwv Mhsoi if Michigan f>tate, 
 subscribed two hundred dollarb. no the Mar5)ial of the same stato 
 one hundred more, toward* e 
 
 ipping 
 
 brigf 
 
170 
 
 MISCEI.LAXEOUS ARTICLES. 
 
 Suthetlaud, preparatory (.0 their preJatory ex.cursion3 into Caniila ; 
 Govevnor Mason f'urtlierrnorft presenting' each with a, ^ 1;! and l>i-ace 
 of pi.; ols. To deceive Enejland, which on this, ?.s n^ariy other 
 orcasio<j5, has hv.en v.o hard iniltor to do — from het c;rii. ,e .;/.;o:ance 
 of ihe Vankee characl^r, ^ettiri)^ " t//c Windyara oi' the l\iigli,--h, 
 id est, swindhug and overrfnichaig them, being- a common -sa_ying 
 JU that f'ar-l'anied luiion — a Uniled States custom-house ofiieor was 
 placed at Schlosbor, lo examine certain I'oxea transporting thence 
 ui iho Carohne (afterwards deslroyed by our brave Capt. Drew) 
 to the rebels on No.vy Island, wincli he did in the following- man- 
 ner: when a box came up, ho would call oiU ah>ud, "Wlat's in 
 that box I" the answer thereto wag "Flour, " " Pork." or" Butter." 
 Whereupon, without even a show f.f examination, he (juickly an- 
 uwered, " Pa.ss flour, pork, or butter." Notwithstanding, ti-om being 
 overloaded, said boxi s were apt to burst open, and the amtnunilion 
 lunTble forth, and that too in many instani-es, at his very feet, yet 
 he neither heard tlie crash, nor saw the arms fly out. In alaige 
 town of Ohio, a *riend at tliis juncture chancing to travel through, 
 saw the aullwrdu'S sdl thousands of riHei. to these loafers and bri-- 
 gauds lor a tpinrter-doUor each, and those who didn't posse t-o 
 much, and not one in twenty did, were credited to that aauiunti 
 Lidlo did His (rrace of Wellington imagine how proAheticaily he 
 spoke, wlien, in his late speech bel'ore the Lords (u.Vi.h caused 
 much ap(»rehen.siou in the States) touching the Arnei-icans connexion 
 witlt our Canadian outl/reak, "that he hoped it would not prove of 
 a piece witli their treachery towards tlie Texians ;" for on scan h" 
 ing many leaders in this produiory horde <.A land pirates, when 
 captured by iho militia., plans oi" our capital Torontf* :vul the town 
 of Hauiihcnt were touud upon thein, in which particular houses 
 were marked out for <lestrucfiou, and others again for sale ! whiUt 
 Jots and large tracts of land weic certified as actually sold or mon- 
 gaged to Yankee capitalists ! t! ^^ »oo, as catne out afterwards, vith 
 the very money pco/iously * "■ 1 owed of Knglar<d ! Lastly — on 
 the principal in this rebellion fleeing: into the States, they were 
 demanded by our Clovernor Sir Francis J lead, who Well knowing 
 the character of tlu'.'^c he had to deal with, and that no quibble mi£>'ht 
 avail ihem — as p(-rpotrators of murdi.-i- and arson : they wer*", how^ 
 ever, refus^ed to be given up by the Americans, Itecause, ais they 
 stated, those crimes in<u-ged m the greater of high treason, for wljich 
 their country hud aiways been an asylum In an&wer to the Inttef 
 subterfuge, let us only reverse the picture ; -when it hoxl been 
 determined by < 'ongress, to seize on the country of tiie Seminole 
 Indians and extirpate also its people, they fled for safety to the 
 MeX'canB, vvlio, on Itcing ordered to drive tltcni back again by- 
 Gen, rul, afterwards President Jackson, answered i)y appealing to 
 hi8 compassion, aa the Seiuinolos came there for no other purpo.se 
 ?jut to Ba,vc their l^ves. What was Jackson's reply to this utfecting 
 
MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES. 
 
 171 
 
 fWing 
 
 they 
 liich 
 iHttei-' 
 lljoen 
 lifidle' 
 the 
 In by 
 
 Vtr to 
 
 [pose 
 
 rting 
 
 remonstrance 1 Why. by marching' lu;^ arm', int > tl o',;' terrliorv. 
 and seizing on two Mexican strong-holds lo enl'orce ol tdicrce i«^ liiH 
 demands. 
 
 Hevico — v.'ithnut, in rl;o langiiao-c of an Arnenrar, hijiuriiftr. or 
 dividin;-' inv observntion.s Jiif.o two parts — us i^uilt is lUi'' •;ii>-p<ii v 
 lord of tlui ascendant, and innocence as u'u^nesticinab. \\.''li'Ut 
 protection here I do not halt to pntiuire it' this country i". ?!>i'y uir 
 asvlum lor honest men, bnt strenuously to recommend iis visiior-i 
 so to lOfjjulate their demeiir.oiir, as il'thoy believed there were ir.orp 
 truth than fiction in 'lie proposition. As I always had, and 
 iinrigine that 1 always shall, an luiconcjuerable aversion to tyranny 
 and op(.>ression bad dispositions, and an evil temper, I am not a 
 sufficiently ifrj) 'rt/a^ \udp;e to deliver an ojnnion upon the Ibregrtnitr 
 facts: and wouUl rhoi-eturo hand tbein to the reader, or those less 
 'incumbered w .h my old-iashioned notions. 
 
 A keeti-eye r)erson, alluding to the shades of cl;iiracter io'-tiid in 
 it, on being abkcd h)r the origin of Texas, said that it w;is to be 
 found in a e.orruption of the tvv( last words in the following touplet r 
 
 When every oUior land rt'jeots us, 
 Tins IS tlio land that frevly lahes up. 
 
 The reader will perceive this to bo a satirical, not the true dtMivn- 
 lion; unhko the lucubrations ol a pr'.)fourid etymologist u]»on that 
 of Liverpool, who, because of its great resort fur sliipping, must 
 needs ransack his brain r-d aiiti(|U!irian 1. ;-o, fur a corres[)ondii;g 
 definition, dreamless of tin T;>ir haA'ing ■ uen long settled, before 
 any ship fiad touched at ov ..cixv it. V^ulo its origin In Ad»....'iida to- 
 Manual of Urtho»'-py — Thut. we may form some notion of Te.xian 
 dignitaries and high life, the following ii- an (•xtrac from. t/:o reccnC 
 letter of a genthman flicn on his travels in this no-' elysi^'O (.)r^ 
 visiting General Houston, I'resident of Te.xas, he ['■ u)d f;;s Excel- 
 lency — " in a small log ca})m, with half a roof Ci. k no floor; on a 
 miserably ricketty ohl b<>d, witliout sheets or ])il!ovrs, btjtwecn tv > 
 old blankets, that looked as if ?hey hnd been conunon arn v property 
 through a long campaign, and w ih his military f lonl. , rem and 
 threadbare, constituted tlie wholo of His Excebcncy's bedding: 
 {sitting up in lils shirt, bearing die marks of many infirmities, wilh t>ne 
 brawny dark looking leg Ji.\nging over the tottering bedstead, talk- 
 ing with his attendant General Henderson (then Attorney Genera), 
 now minister to (ilngland, who was seated on a brokend)ack old 
 chair) giving audience to visifi-rs, a/id earnestly engagt:d in the very 
 interesting operation of ra/i king _/7'.vv.-;," 
 
 It wuidd be unfair however, to tax Jonathan with the whole cf 
 the ubovc-mcniioned devilry ; the geld arid emissirieb of Russia 
 must come in for their shaie of it, as a bit of gratitude to England 
 for muzzling the bear in hisoft-repeatrd attempts lo crush the weak 
 and ht'lpless : but the concerted plottings ot those worthies havo 
 been signally deteated, and liiat too with litdo trouble though seme 
 
172 
 
 MI^CKLLANKiJJJS ARTICLKS, 
 
 er^peme. Free govoriinioiita are especially opon to the crstfty 
 intrigues of foreign powers. Tfiose troiibloi that eventually; cost 
 Charloa 1. his liti:, ove ll;fMi- bogiiviing U) tlio ariful i{ich<^li(.'u, be- 
 cause our monarch would )(0t sufl'er him to attack the Flymifigg 
 with a French Hoot. What a ruulticutlo of miseries, tlirough iho 
 same means, has this court, at various pi.Tiods, entailed on the 
 adjouiino- stated! But Ru^.~ia, of every othtT power, is that which 
 now requires most looking after, and that too by every Euro- 
 pean one. 
 
 Russia — from ihc Rosxi of Mount Taurus, wlio first wrested A 
 part irorn th<> GrcM>k f'irnpiro — comprising Hlark, \Vhir*.\ Red!; 
 Great, and Little !iu.?sia, tiionuh a large, is nevertheless poor, thinly 
 peopled, and ati ill-cuiiivated country : it abounds in forest.*, large 
 tracts jf wild land nnd sterile patclies of desert 5 o^xripied by 44 
 distin^^t tribes, elevalcd by its writers into nations : hence the dilFi- 
 cuhy cf governin'T ."0 h(M(!ro<,''eneous a masF, requiring' an army in 
 time oi' peace, of 6r»0,000 men : to furnit^li one ibr a contest iri 
 Europe, costs the Autocrat iiuO pc^ innn. Tt comprises 8,000,00(1 
 square miles in extent, and 57,000,000 inhabit;;nts ; but fhfi Hritish 
 Kmpire is l.'irger than any other on thi'i globe, cnn)pr)sing n<'arly 
 9,000,000 !^.|uar.' nsilcs, with f^ populaliou ^^,1' lol, 000,000.' China 
 contains l/i0,0OO,000. 
 
 This of Course f)p|)lies to the arrivals via Quebec (974) I those 
 entering Can^Lda by the way of N(^w York, m?>st apply fa Mr. 
 Buchanan, our crxi.-^ul in that "ity, f(>i sucli itdbrm.Hlion, wtio will. 
 mojtt che(;il'ij|ly give it. Jiy the w-iy, Buchanan must be a liAino 
 of some Moie in iScolland, as it has already given birth to two (a 4to. 
 and 8\'o. lia'hei 'ixpen.sive works. ] understand that Mr, r>u:;hanan 
 IS in possession of many curious pariiciiurs as tn the parties uud 
 politics of America, i'roia his lon;^ residnMce and fretjuiuit ratiibles 
 as a pedest'iin tfjere, v\hi( Ij are a certain m. ans ot acquiring much 
 valuable inlbriiiation. Thus the tours .d' the late Rev. R. VVarner. 
 of Bath, being all j^eili/rmcd on loot, possess, on that account, aa 
 unrivalled degree oi inten.'st. This genUemau also wrote some 
 CKcellont j;e;es and a clever introduction ii> Reovfs,' Pr.aycr Book ; 
 the varu.us editions of which fi>rmula, from the folio oi 1.5 19, are 
 too •iurnero'is to record, but the most elegant came out in 1717; a 
 cc^j soliiuu', in a late book sale, for 11 guineas. Our pr(}sent 
 Pi-a' ei ^ Dok f taken from the i'LK" one of 1062, entitled ' iStaledt 
 Book," he'.g '.id last in which any aJte.'"atiorj wutj made by public 
 authority 
 
 Strangers lo the two countries verj commonly regard Canada 
 ti^ad the b'iiiee in much fhe same light, which, from what has been 
 <.i*id, is tt iX 'at mistake .lAuue no two extremes can bo more op- 
 posed, than I he one to the othei : if any doubt should still remain 
 upon this subject, tne Ibllowm;,- siuiimarv of the present state of 
 Jonathaa-hmd, tc» which it always tended, and has now arrivod, 
 
MISTKI T,A>iKOrS AUTiri.r.s. 
 
 y-n 
 
 I o 
 
 op- 
 |e of 
 
 will, T roncoive, satisiy the doubtor, over ;tn<1 above convlnring him 
 if lie tu'ed such coMviclIon, that thoijrrli hhishing is protty well 
 iintk'rstood in the old world, thorc ur<) many |)iioplr> in the c.vw, 
 who know iiotljiny at all about it. ()\i'- press has been so accus- 
 tomed to ;:^ro:iii ;;?vjer thn weight of Ian iationfi on America, ty[»ical 
 of charlatiri? at a village fair, wliieh it is so decidedly t!i»; interest 
 of tiieir loan-seekers, rnid a certain party liL^re lo e.pliold, th-it 1 
 pxpect V(My litth^ accopianee, and much the saino ciirrency for xny 
 notes. Tlii.s ]io\ ever does not disturb mo, and my f?ok' inolivo for 
 TiK'ntioninp- it, is tn caution the reader, iliat if ])erchaiico meetirg 
 with an article so fj^ot up, ho mav not n^ceive il loo incauitou^b,' for 
 genuine, but let it pass lor just wliat it's worth, and no more. 
 
 Tirades of the most adulatory nouoonse, and nav.seou3 troni iheir 
 bombast, pure r.ivmgs of radical mendacity, constantly emauato 
 from tlie self-elected literati of our j)emiy-a-linin,pf crarreteers, or 
 liacknoy-v. rding br^od ; (originated by Jcrvase Markh.ini, in the 
 reiga of Elizabeth, who f.";er:erally recanted v );o day wlial ho had 
 ]M'opagated the preecdiui!;) touching the polity and monetary system 
 of the United Siotes ; whicli arc not only chimorian of themselves 
 but well known to bo so, by those who, for a pnrpo-e, tlms base- 
 losslv create to hocus-nocus into substance. 1-oud and ion»r are 
 these veraoous urivellers on American universal snftVaLje and re- 
 jiresenlation, wliilst tlieii free colored men are not represented at 
 all, but their colored slaves are. And the Stato of New "S'oi-k, 
 which is six tirne=; moi'e populous than as many others un'tcd, .sends 
 no more senators to Congress than th;i-e do iridivi(Jnallv : the dis- 
 crepancy is sometimes much greater, as that ol' Michigan, whc>se 
 population is ijelow 5U,00ft, but New York above 3,000,000. 
 There are now 26 states, each sending 2 senatc^r.-, makhig 02, tlic 
 numljcr of v pack o^ cards, which t'le reailer will 'jiickly apply. 
 Moreover New V'ork, also a county of itself, ha? but 11 represen- 
 tatives in its legislature, although the city of Bo:-!on. not a third of 
 its magnitude or conse(juence, sends fifty -six to their-. And their 
 city of Troy, on the Hudrjon, in people and exter.t uot a twentietli 
 part of New York, appoints ninr. jutticos of the peace, l)ut New 
 York only scvc7> in hers ; wijose corporation is ai.»out the same only 
 as Albany, though a dozen tinu-a greuior in size and population. 
 Whilst a citizen, upon removing from one state to a));:>ther cannot 
 vote, or exercise any of his previous rights of citizi.nsliip, uiidcr a 
 residence \'arying from una to three years. Nei'her an attorney, 
 so removing, practice hid! prcfessioij, until he has rc-ser\'ed his 
 articles in the new state of his adoption. These veritable raagnilo- 
 rjuimta upon rnonopolies generally, oonhiic them to .-very other 
 country but this iheir shadow one of liberty, though here they flou- 
 rish in fortnidablc numbers, one only of wlrich T wdi content myself 
 with naming, and that is their paper-mongers, who pay the state 
 some farthing tax per dollar, for tho privilege of plundermg the 
 
174 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES. 
 
 people of miJlions u year. (.54) These banks (about 900) recently 
 susjjendod specie payrrKuit.^; makinii; thereby prodigious profita iu 
 the current coin and precion ; luctivlsi, jireviously jiurchased vvilh 
 tlielr dishonored pa[)cr, wiiith, \\hen deigning to take back or buy 
 up, did so ibr .1 tburili at wJiieh tliey issued it. And yet their 
 general government was waging an exterminating war, from jea- 
 lousy and jiique, a^rainst the national bank, whilst bhinduringly 
 on;T;urag'ng therfc pestit'erous ])ri\ ate ones, A long article on this 
 subject, for May, IS'iO, in the ]Mi3t(3n Bay State Democrat, an organ 
 ol'thc ruling powers, cuinmences thus, "Could the history of bank- 
 ing in the United States be bdiy and iinpartiully written, it wovdd 
 brinjj to liijht a sciies oftransiictions, wliich for cnurmiiv and crime 
 could scarcely be surpasbcd ))y the records in ujany of our criminal 
 courts.'' 
 
 Witness too tlie would-bo legislators of aerial constitutions, the 
 pot-liouso ranters ujion their cheap government, (70) who parade 
 befor«> their creLitures theamouiit of iier national iiutlay^ dishonestly 
 keeping silence as to its being hut a six-and-twentieth part of the 
 actual cxpcnidituie of the country, coinprehenduig the charges only 
 of the gtnieral govenmient, saying iidthing iiir those of tlie twenty- 
 six states, having as ujany presiticnts and parliaments, with an 
 incalculable liost of legal and ci\ il funclionanes : one species u£ 
 whose outlay altogether unknown amongst lis, namely, pay to their 
 legislative nieml.>ors, alone ])Uts tliem to an expense of miiliojis a 
 year; assisting in burtliening thinr respective states wn}\ heavy 
 dehts, principally due to J'^ngland — an expenditure whicJi, though 
 mystified by all manner of contrivances, as a whole not only equals, 
 but [ am satialied exceeds i.]iat of Cireat Britain (>A.ith !)arely a sixth 
 of her extent or twentieth part of her ])opulation) ; including her 
 funded liabilities, the army and navy peiisions (246), with other 
 large disbursements for arming in defence of Europe, and putting 
 down despotism. Their unnual contribution to the cost of govern- 
 ing tliemselves, wlien under the sovereignty of England, was 
 c£90,()00 (a paternity of support which we ulw ays did, and still do 
 afford to our colonies) ; but though tlie population, exclusive of 
 their davefifhas not quadrupled itselt since then, iiio general govern- 
 ment alone puts tiiem to an expense of seventy times as much. 
 Divest their independence of the meretricious glare sbed around it 
 by interested writers, and how does it tiien a()p(tar ? why as the act 
 of a disobedient son against an indulgent purcni, who not only che- 
 rished hira m his infiuicy, anci reared him up to rnanhood, but 
 secured his honest welfare and protected his best interests, when 
 arrived there ; ncillicr of which can it now l^e said that le knows 
 hardly anydiing at ad about, in this chai.ge from real liberty to its 
 representotivo, or varnislu;d tinsel for s oliil goiil, ail they appear to 
 have gained by their bargain, is die privilege of lettirg loose their 
 very worst passions, which arc not only a torment to'themsehv.s, 
 
 I 
 
i 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS AUTin.Kt.. 
 
 176 
 
 but alike intolcrriblG lo all wnhin du-ir rem li. Tut! sonlinK-nt'? and 
 conduct ot' revolutionarv histoiiana am kitijiocl to eacli otlu.-r, om? 
 btting (.if no \ahin, and tlie other not ^'onost; tor, aocording to them, 
 it is iudividualtj only that over .\.> wron^, pubHo l^odies utner ca?i. 
 Thus tho man ^vho rcijuites liIs beiiiifar.tor by robbini.!, him. is a 
 villain and ought to lie lianged ; but a |)»>o]ile choosin^^ to i opy his 
 oxainpio, Miaj!' do so with impunity, o.nd yet be ontilied honorrble 
 and enlif^rlitoned. 
 
 Adam Oilier, chairman of the mob committee in tliis doidjle-par- 
 I'larnent fdliu'r — vide page 77 — (M)vernor Porter has j-ince apfi'iMred 
 Adiutcmt (}cur.rai ol* PeunsyUania : and I\tacKlvv<;s, its primum 
 mobile, lrd3 aince unbluihingly admitted, that it was ins uiK.ntion to 
 have blown up the troops:, comiiig in on tiie railroad frr^ri I'hiiadel- 
 phia, by sprmging a mine, rr.it which he did not do, because pi^r- 
 chance discovering many of those troofis to be of hia own, or the 
 Democratic party. 
 
 If, moreover, we direct our atlention u» tho.se states forming this 
 republic, tljeir respective governments, from want of energy m 
 their undertakings, and tlie lnsubor<.Jinatiqn of tJielr agents^, cannot 
 possibly bo otherwise than expensive, and we. hnow full well 
 greatly exceed their means, New Jersey to wit, whose expendi- 
 ture, on consulting its T'ocords. nearly double.^ it-, income. That the 
 rea(h:!r may better understand tliese undertaking?, the following is 
 an cvtnict from the hnunolid ceport of the N(■■^^ V'ork Stale Legis- 
 lature, reade m Session March 10, IS.'JO. "This bloody and- tyran- 
 nical '^ysiem of internal improvement, grinding the people with 
 eternal taxation, and, like the massacre of llerod, murdering with 
 hunger whole generations yet unborn ! with the profligate raih-oads 
 and pauper canals now in construction, will oblige the people of 
 this State to call a convention withiii flv(j: years to n'pudiate the 
 debt," For the word rcju/diat,. the reader is to substitute -sponge 
 out, and the debt here spoken of is the //•(/?« of ^?/.vv hundred miUioti 
 dollars! due to England, A late secret report of a committee of 
 the i'cnnsylvanian Legislature reconurienils a repudiation of the 
 public debt to foreign powers (meaning I'^ngliuul) in five years, but 
 not made public, because suspecting that certain parties wore not 
 yet sulllciently moulded to tlieir purpose. The city of Mobile, 
 Alabama, has tuken the lead in this nefarious swindling, by i;)7ica 
 repudiating the loan borro\\ed of England in IbSO When it 
 rnswers the views of a purty here to speak the truth, we have 
 t. chance of seeing it, never at any other time, and then only for the 
 liOnce, as it's quickly suppressed aaain; heuce the diiHculty of 
 acquiring facts in this nonpareil republic. 
 
 Anotlier fraudulent deception stalk. ng upon .estiUs here is, that 
 whilst an extraordinary go-ahead success of every State is trumpeted 
 through the Union, still those States have each its agent in England 
 for raising new loans : carefully concealing, what Colonel Young, 
 
 4 
 
 i 
 
170 
 
 MISCKLLANEOl'S ARTICLES. 
 
 a legislator arul polirical writer of tlioirs, lots out, t1}aton tlie interest 
 ofttieir oUl ones fiilliuf,' <luo, thoy ImIVo lu borrow tluj rnoriey somo- 
 wlicrc?, l»y 3om(; dkuii.-;. or nt' .sonicbotly, to pay it.. A Dot-to-be- 
 m'ltclieJ j)rout"of rro-uliciiil succrss. 8aiil loaii.s t-xcced in rnagniludo 
 tlioir recent national debt, iinothor illusionary impress, on precisely 
 the isainc principle, as proncuincinjj; llio incunibranco or tiebt of one 
 parish, in a city of six anil twenty, to bo that of ihe whole. 
 
 Tlie vast sums, a[>propriat('<l exclusively ibr the people, never 
 lacking m)prt»vi(lonce when reaping'" 'ts fruits, transform that pc'oJe 
 into a spoiled child, which will (]uarrel and scpiabbh; for ging^../- 
 bread inid swi-elmeais, but relu.se or destroy them, when tendered 
 or provided. J/ike the Pennsy Ivanians and New .lerseyiaiis, who, 
 according- to their (Governors Wolf and \^room, (53) reject educa- 
 tion for that strangest, of al! reasons — because provided for ihem. 
 
 Their so nnich boasted tariff extracts four shillings from every 
 pound's worth of produce cnteiing her counti-y. Their jiress, 
 placing no limits to its exaggeratiori>-, wlien on this subject, is then 
 us little to i>o believed as, durinj;- a continental war, news froni tho 
 Stock Kxehange, or by the way of Hamburgh, alias ILniihiig. 
 Tlieir tricksonie mode of doing business, exclusive of th(jse e\])0- 
 sures further back, may be lofirtit iVom the notorious f.ict, thai iheir 
 6torekei>]iers attend the N(nv York auction sales of European goods, 
 (averaging .^oO, 000, 000 per aim.) where, including every charge of 
 duty 'i"d importaiion, tlujse goods are sold at a ]jrice below their 
 orl'Mnal prime cost. An act winch not only sfieaks V(jlumes to tho 
 merchani. but must open every eve not wilfully liliud, or radiadlij 
 misled. (Tlie transatlantic consignments of a large Scotch house are 
 always accompanied by an agent, with strict injunctions to credit no 
 Yankee whntsoi.'ver.) W Ihlst huuis lie untiiled, and farms under 
 weed, to welconu^ s|)ecula.tions of the wildest kind. This year the 
 far-west is the focus of delusion j and crowds from all ])arts, as in 
 the holy w:ir ol"(»ld. are hastening on to sure and certain destruction. 
 As a sample of the doings in this wonder-working west, some Yan- 
 kees recently laid oat there, on paper, a beautiful city, selling tho 
 lots at high prices : transmating a t|Uire of paper, s [)eckled with 
 figures, Into 100,000 acres of land, and a ream of the same material, 
 into many millions. On the defrauded simpletotis repairing to these 
 lands, they found them covered three feet by the waters of the 
 Mississippi, and every spring and fall much deeper still. Hence, 
 all ties of public jbith, or calls from moral honor, are broken down 
 and destroyed; as this summer Q8')G), at Buffalo, wliere one indi- 
 vidual, named Rathbun, comnutte<l forgeries, Ibr the above pur- 
 poses, exceeding seven mili'.ori dollars ! J3ut as this was rather a 
 largo pill to cram down people's throats, treiriendous as is the 
 republic power of swallow that way, and this immaculate town in 
 particular, recourse was had to their peculiar gi.isicr the law, to 
 t rtect its more easy passage ; and jnUting Ualhbun on liis trial (trial !) 
 
MTsci:iT,ANnors AnTirT.r.P. 
 
 177 
 
 lliLs was liartlly conminnced, whrtx Ins rmscirntiovn cltizon-jndgos 
 proiioiinccd him guilf.k',ss! and lurtlicr testified lln;ir admiration of 
 the snrcossfid card lie had phucd, hy giving liim a loud huzza on 
 h.;avini( court. Puuishnx^nt lor tho trinity J< here (if tan ociMirrt'nce, 
 unless tho culprit IjtNa sla.v(.', ci'lonnj man, or torei^iaT. Tuo Yan- 
 kees cani>} ov»'r to Toronto this spring, to [)rocuro wheat and Hour, 
 giving ]noro than tljo niarkol price : but j)rudtMilly rnado a shor* 
 ■stay, as, alter clcaruig out, thcii- payments were found to consist of 
 wortlilosa papor on tlu'ir own litoken hanks, and tlio good ones of 
 ours convcrtfid, l>y a villainous process, from v>ir to tt:n, wnd jii'e to 
 Jij'fif dollars. .Er<:f», putting sonio worthy, nf pulico iH'toriety, into 
 busiuoss, is no inapt illustration of a ^'nnkeo trader. No European 
 can coTiijMThfrid this chnractor — ho inU'^t lio soon to In- undtTstnr'd, 
 His promiiHMir. lint^unoniMl chararteristics arc — .-tuntcd rotundity 
 and lanky lottgth, I'-esidonts dollrrson and .Ta(•ks(^|•^ to wit; their 
 intermediate chnnges aro too triHii'<:r for dtsiinoti m. They who 
 inauitain these features to be Ix^aming wirh intelligence, would find 
 it no easy matter to j-ct others, \\ ho have any knowledL''e of their 
 possessors', to bo of the same oninion, or l!id(MMl nry oiIkm", exe';pt.- 
 ing that which fidls into the iroadmill, alias hemp and fetter line. 
 
 A Scotch gentleman of iny acquaintance, who has spent mimy 
 years tourinising in the Slates, never m(>ntions a Yankee by any 
 other name than the S/Kfkc, from the craft and subtlllv with wlm.h 
 he moves to hi? prey ; besides discovering, bc'ing a skilful oculist, 
 that his eyes, like his ai:tions, resembh^ those of that reptile. AVIieu 
 bidinc: iu a Kentuckv town, a ritliMiian entered a store in whicli 
 two persons were talking, one of whom he shot down, Imt upon 
 viewing the corpse, very coolly obsi, r\'ed, " I've kilh'd the Asrong 
 man ;" then, without hindrancr-, went his way. One \)r, V^au^han, 
 at a liotel in IMchmond, Virginia, and l:)efore several persons, shot a 
 i\lr. Pleasant dead on tlie spot. The first murderer is at large with- 
 out trial ; the scco!id liiid the form of it, ijut as matter of course, was 
 acquitted! On arriving at Naifhe^, Mississippi, he overheard one 
 \ ankee ask another, why he left his native wliereabouts? •' I'or a bit 
 of burglary,'\was the? answer : " And 1 left mine," rejoined the (]ue- 
 rist, " for horse -sterdiMg'" wherenpon they -liook hands, and became 
 fast friends. Whilst here, its citiz<'n?, heailed l>y iheir sherifV, naih d 
 up the court-house, that no civil -nh^ miglit issue against them : as 
 their brethren in that of Louisville, Iscmtuclcy, ])ulled down thi/irs, 
 to prevent the trial or incarcei'atien of criminals. During Lis «tny, 
 (two days) five miu'ders were committed, b'.it these were consiihu-ed 
 / 00 few for ])ublic attention or oflicial notice. I sliould imagine that 
 a re])rint of "The ScoinKiiel's Dictionary," appearing in Kuropo 
 during 17r)4, and "Awdeley's Fraternity of Vagabonds," lo?'), 
 exhibitino- not only tin; slang h'ut the e\[->lo!ts of thieves, wouKl 
 make the fortune of a Yankee publisher. 
 
 Hajipily for the peace atid lujiior of t'other quarters of the globe, 
 this one is at too remoie a distance to corrupt ihcm by her vices, 
 

 
 1 
 
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 IMAGE EVALUATION 
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 Photographic 
 
 Sdences 
 Corporation 
 
 33 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. USEO 
 
 i/16) 877-4503 
 
 
 
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178 
 
 M18I r.LLA.\nni;3 artk i.f.b. 
 
 etnco shfi has those within I or, that wouM iiwl only dcrnornlize llic 
 whole, l)ul regions und lL'iTitorie.-> suijiurfsinj^ly larger. 
 
 Noihitio; liUi; l.arinoijy rxisls intwrtTi tlit; Stairs : their conllictlng 
 interebls havu o('t«.'u thrcdtened a rivi! w.ir, wiiieh would a'-tu.illy 
 have, h.'j[)|)encci, but tiiat nritlier piety was in a condition to hej^in. 
 AhuM'lant occasions al.-.o [iruvc their want o!" concord with the 
 poiionil ijjovenuneiif, e^jpeciaily in the war of" 181:2. " During tiiat 
 wnr," says iVi-sidenf Jellersou in a Irlter to (.leneral Lalavotte, 
 *' (o'lr ol' the eastern slates wi'ie only alf.iched to tlie • nion, like so 
 many inaninmte hodies to living men." Their agreement, on 
 accepting the lederal contti'.utlon, was any tiiii;^' hni unanimous ; 
 three states alone, 1 >ela\\ are, (ieeigiu, and Xrw Jersey, being of 
 this deseriplioii, the rest asseniinir witii evident reluctance; Massa- 
 chusetts l»y a majority of 1'..', Xcw Hamp'slnre by another of 11, 
 Virginia by one of 10. New Y'urk ditto 5, and Rhode Island by a 
 majiirity only ol' //ci. In the opininn of their senators and leading 
 men, with wliom I conversed, the- con3C(iuenee3 coimetted with thi.s 
 condition of things, must ev<?i'tiially hapjien, and are probably at 
 hand. As a preparatory st«p, Mr, IJhiti, congressiondl member 
 from Carolina, lias jusl addressed this important pnjposition to that 
 ass(^ml.ily: " 'iiie eon-Jtitiition < if the United State's lja\ in g ro\<'d 
 inade«|iiate to protCLl the Soatliern States in peaceabie enjoyment 
 of their rights and proj)i'riy, it i.-; expedient that the said constitution 
 slionld be amended, or ilio I 'nion of tiie States be dissolved." 
 Following this up, by ('MSj);Uc}i:r)g Gcvernor M'Dutlio to tlie 
 crowned heads of iMirupi., tor tiieir did m this business, Smyth's 
 Tour in llie l.*mted States (17811 particularly describing the Caro- 
 linas, is a work of considerable reputation. 
 
 From the ascendancy given to democracy, through the elective 
 institutions, luriheriiig the morbid «h.'sire (if cb.uige, so cliaracteristic 
 of the age, and nf tins peoj4e in i);irticniar, the vu/j^us mobile is 
 iHU[uestion;ibly the only power at all influential here. Thus two 
 murders \ ( /e lately committed ui the city of New Vork ; on 
 arra!giii!\tr ti<e |)erpetralors, the.r nmhaWwu friends took possession of 
 the court-house, and nmndmnq the jury — f )r tliey have one, at least 
 in name — S(j over-awed both judge and prosecutor, as tti })iocure 
 an easy aci|uittal ! The jnesiding Judge displeasing, soon after, 
 this drainnge of the? kennel, was nearly hincnhered, on leaving court, 
 in a shower of mud and mire ! Lately, on trying a larcen^ case in 
 Michigat), a witness presenting his pistol at the Ijench, insisted on a 
 favorable decision ! 
 
 An Knglish gentleman iij the Western District, oj)p(»silo Michi- 
 gan, lent t'GOUO lo perscuis of consideration in that slate, which he 
 Will iMrver see again; but the reader i\ili Ik; surprised to hear, that 
 npun his consulting tlie legal authorities i»f Michigan lor its recovery, 
 those functionaries very candidly told lum, that it would be useless 
 
 bv anv action at law, ad he would lind 
 
 'g 
 
 no jury tliere to onlorce his c 
 
 for< 
 
 )y any 
 ;laim ! 
 
MISCELLANEOi:.* ARTICI KS. 
 
 179 
 
 In our ci)y of London, containinp two milliun<» of inlinbitnntp. onr 
 Rtroct iiiunler in twelve rnoiiths is ol" rare occurrenco ; whilst in 
 niiiny Stales nf yVrncnra, with nol a siMcMith ofllip ixn.ulatioii, tin* 
 puhlif, i!iuriiei\-» amonnl (o r/wr « ir*'ck the v^ar toMiKl ; anil tlie 
 prosent IJisliop Smills in his I^tlftT to lluj Hon. !{. Wlfkiifli', a 
 Rlale seiintor, says it lias \jv.vn nscertainnl that thctt- lia\o \)vvuj'inty 
 liomiciJcs in Kentucky aiuuially, fnr yearn past, ainl not a sui;^'l«5 
 ext?ciili()n! Kcinai outrau''os a«_Miti.st the la\\'s exist also in the very 
 Boat of ilieir administration and iornintion : "Cirrnit Conrf, Copinli 
 founiy. May Kh IS-JO : Alva Cirpcntcr m.is put on iiis triiil inr tho 
 niurdor of Mr. ivcllcr, laic Jmiije of that coniity. Tlic T\iry 
 relurnoJ a viM'dict oi' inanslauijlittM*. As the pribon* r was loavini^ 
 ihc dock, lie was sci/.ed, stalil't'il in loiir places, one of liis hands 
 cut oir, and felt a oorpso in the (rail n\ the ronrt ! Tlie p<Tpetnitoi,s 
 of this tiansoction wi'to relatives of Mr. Kcllor." — Nv>r York 
 Gazette, 
 
 Durinf; i}ic session of the Arkansas Lo^rislatiire in I'^HS, Mr, 
 Wii.son, speaker of tho House »)f Kepre.>-entatives, taking oflenr(« at, 
 ponietliini,' which fell, in debate, from Mr. Antiiony, member tor 
 liuiidolph count;/, suddenly left tho chiiir, and beibre the hitt»>r 
 could weU pull out his o\\ n, stabbed hini deiid with his bowie- 
 knite!!! No '}>i)rehension followed this nnirder! which ^^as ulti- 
 mately pronounced J'fxfi/iaf/lr hnmu idr, that intlicts a fine only «'l 
 ofif .s////itnir This allair finally terminated with a ]iublic thnner 
 ^iven to thi> assassin! Ctiinparable to C*ligula, who being one d,ay 
 at tho amphitheatre, on fincliTig there were no criminuls to fitrht 
 with the Mild beasts, commanded muidjers of the s(»ertators to bo 
 thrown to them for th.'it purpose, first ordering their tongues to bo 
 cut out, that he niLjht nt>t be disturi>ed by their cries' — I ntui in 
 an Arkansas .fournul, " We h'iir of an American Judge appearing 
 on the bench \\ ith his countLuanco bott(!red in a boxing match, 
 because ho had endeaA oreil to attack his neighbour with ])istols in 
 his bosom and a concealed dagger; and of some engaged ui duels 
 as principals and .seconds." 
 
 That so foul a deed mig'.it nol bo without a nval, it was quickly 
 imitated in the senate of Texas, )iarti;dly enacted m that of Indiana, 
 and. itnmediately Ibllowed by a legal derision. I'qually us astourding, 
 of Judge iM'Jviniey, Mobile, that no deni/i n of one state, could 
 recover any debt or contract incurred in another. Note — the 
 Arkansas senators, like some others, are armed with Bowie-knives 
 — a narrow bladed weapon, IJ inches long, from one Bowie, its 
 inventor, calle»] therein tin Arkansas tooth i>>cl;. On two steamboats 
 lately approaclnnp .^lobile in concert, the jnlot of one, to get in first, 
 rijlcd ov shot that of the other dead, for wiiich he was imjinsoned 
 six vionthii\ — NutfaU's Travels m Arkansas, IMiiladelphia, 1821, is 
 a lair s| ocimen of Yankee voracity. To keep Bowie-knive?, d:rki, 
 and sword-canes, widiin the privileged classes — alas I for republi- 
 
 t 
 
1 
 
 ISO 
 
 MIsrVLLANEOl.'S AnrUl.K". 
 
 onnisrn ! — Floriiln lias passttl a la\v, lovyin!' an amnial tax of IMi 
 dollars upon cacli ucarcr. Willi ;» lliio ol" ^ftOO on ovndiiip it. A 
 Ki.'iituckian loj^islutor is oiiiK'.tVDuriii^' to suppress tlr.s ruMorri, liy 
 ilie lorcc of ridiciiii', roiruKirlv ait.:ii(liii'' liis cliitii;s witli » wooden 
 dafjfger, having a corii-cub liaiidlf, dandling at ids sidi;. Kciituckv , 
 Iti its abi»ri;^inal, m».'<ui.s "Tht. dark and Moody eround," hocntist* 
 their Jiunliiiy demesne und l.atll«; lifld. Nott; — .hjdLCC 'Tamos, of 
 tho Koniwcky senate, says ilx.' New York 'I'ud's tor Aug;. \H',i\), 
 was blioi a low d'Jvs a{:^o fit. ♦ Inluinbu.-, on tlni Mls-l.s^iflpi nver, hy 
 Hoj)son liinford, hoifig the tuurth victim of a lend hetweon iIk> 
 families of Jan)CS and lJii)i*f.;d. 'J'liis is rcdatcd witli as inurh sonq 
 J'roid, certainly oxeitin;.': us iuilo inletcst, a.s if it wci'o hut killing a 
 fatied oaKfor the inarkel. 
 
 To prove tlnjir^//<' io?n of debate, in lej;;slativc assoml)lies, Mr, 
 Adams recently askin'^' the house, if he might present, a ))ciiiion 
 from liuMr iJUOO colon. d slaves in tl '.' capital of Washington, was 
 inalantly thre;iiened witli imprisonment, lor only puttini^; llie fj'ies- 
 tion ! Altiiou^-h the udininisiiatioij acknowledgi s lo ha\e lost t/ircr 
 •niilhon of doliars, in the la.st si-'< months of ISU^, by defaultord 
 ulono ! still no n*soliilion to in\'es.iiyalc tho Tieasury Department 
 f.m pass Conp-ress! This wh.dt;. '.ile robbi.'ry umon::;.st their public 
 ollicerei, lield up in Enjj^laiid a.s j)ai*<;rns ol' inteurity (their <:onfes.sod 
 clolaloaticns amount to &i.r viillivns stcrliiif^ ! besides new ot.es 
 coming to light daily) may help to c\{)lain what became of tlieir 
 last year's so much boasted surplus revenue of S'3U,<U)0.n00, but 
 whicli, y)\\. the cNiyencioa of siatc ri'(|nirinu; an inimediiiti^ advances 
 of cash, had KU(Jilenly vaTiishi.'d without any one being able to tell 
 liow : and an unanswerable corollary thereto, is a forced annr)unce- 
 niiMit from their Committee of Ways and Means, of a deficit for 
 tho expenees of the succeeding year (IJS-'JO), to the ainomit of 
 >f;-4,000,O0U. Mt. Wis..', on exjicsing these doings in Ibo!), before 
 Uiat immaculate body, accuses ine lii^'ht st lunciionaries, from tiio 
 J*resideijt downwards, with pnicus'ng one continuous system o\ 
 didusion and po< ulation; commencing Ids speech with " I uill soon 
 phew you, sir, that millions of die public money havf }>een .inpli«ni, 
 by officers of the government, to tlieir own ust-, wiih the full know- 
 ledge of tho administration. Where is Prict:, where is (Jratiot, 
 where is Boyd, that land-oHicc defaulter, all innocent and escaping 
 robbers ; \vhil>t Tobias W'aikms. for V^orrowing only, in lSr.'!>, 
 $3000 of public oflic'i-jj, was imprisoned and ruined, and is now a 
 petty shop-keeper in this your city, aptly tennetl by Senator Ran- 
 dolph, the luciropolis of " splendid tiusery and shabby splendor ;" 
 nnd yet no less th^n forty ilefuiiters in the executive, within spitting 
 distance of the PrcBident, have not alone been proved ho, liut still 
 retain their places. Thu.<; little lo^ue s hang, whilst great ones 
 escape." This produced amongst thos*; worthies, with less brass 
 than their fellows, .'i sudden desire fur \ isiting foreign parts, via 
 
1 
 
 Misr F.r.iANF.ors autui.f.s. 
 
 ISl 
 
 Now Y'">*'k ; \v}iicli die StatP Marshrill, u. save nppoiiranrnfl, was 
 puhliclv orilt'n-d to pre^ cfit, l)ul he waW iiiiiIrrsfo(>il, hv s«( ;t'tlv 
 ulioltinir: ucronliiiixlv its city journols, on iinfirin<,' llio cinum- 
 stancc, ask pithily, '" l»ut wiio l(»(jk"« iillor lli<' Miir-h;il f" Onnof 
 those (\)i)L.'ress Jippor?* into (ho juibbc ]uirHc, havini; np'Oir*! his 
 ^ains that w;iv to speculation and lost them, ot the eii<l oi lii-t nietii- 
 ])ership, on solieitinf^ to he ro-electcd, aclimljy ur^rd tlii.s !is his 
 claim to h" returned! which, us it positively happent.'d, we iray 
 roriii a lohruliie estimate oi'the prohity anion;:,'3t his rotistitiuMits. — 
 WariJen, author of Statistics of tin* United States, also puhlis}i.'(l 
 ■' The District ot' ( 'oluuilMa," a chver work. N.r>. The AnHTican 
 povernment lately lurnished Vudlioii to its New Orleans braiidi 
 mint, for coiriiiii,' thrt'o million dollars, Imt received only J'orfi/ 
 tftovsamJ, the reinaiiider liaving disappear' d Ity some nxiiiis un- 
 known. Ti.'O otlicial ciia!it)el uiinfuiiicini^ this — (New ()rl<.ins bul- 
 letin) — admits haviiif^ no expectation that any }'art r)rthis treasure 
 will li(.* recovered, or either of ita pnrloiners brought to justice ! 
 
 The best comment upon the sans soiir.i, or free and easy deport- 
 ment of tiieir leuishifors in session, is by a newly electi d mi'mbcr 
 to their Louis. ana I'ailiamer.f. — whose di.'scendants oi" its original 
 settlers will on no juefext sutler a Yankee to enter their <Lwelluig9 
 — who, passing, by mistake, through tlio diamber of representatives, 
 walkin;^ aliout covered and sruokuif,' set^ars. to that of the s(Miate, to 
 be .vworn in. was informed, that was not the ]ilac(\ but the chamber 
 he ha<I ])assed, where In* must do this. To M'liich lie replied, 
 "Cientlemen, I beg pardon; but if I didn i think that lower room 
 was the eroirp(>ry, may I be shot"' 
 
 A bowiodviiit'e, dirk, or pistols, commonly occupy the de.sk-drawiT 
 oi' Con«,ressii)ual meuibers; who, as a close obser\er rcjiiarkcd to 
 mo — *')iot ojily look four ways a* once, but in manners and deport- 
 ment strouLdv remind rne of runawnv ^'onvicts." Their extra sea- 
 sion nt four works m 1S37, wtiicli came out w//, put tlu> country to 
 $l.(Ki(t,f)00 expense. The annual on(^ bc-ing near at hand, its members 
 Visited the adjacent places till its arrival, butchari^^ed their travelling 
 e\{)enscs (5^ per 20 miles) as if they'd been home. Messrs. liell and 
 Turner, their jiiembers for Tennessee, after much persomd alterca- 
 tion, lat«dy commenced apiiLnl'stie rontvst. on the llui)r of the house, 
 which, pending the fatigues of dtdiiite, must have been a refreshing 
 interlude to the rest of the mond)ers. A divertisement giving, it is 
 presumed, general satisfaction, as it has been since repeated. Re- 
 spectable patrons of the bowiod^nlfe say that ihey adoj»t it for self 
 detence, as the law cannot protect them. 
 
 The fri!.rlitful picture of demorali'/.ation which tlie preceding pas- 
 sages exhibit, for here the raob is the government and the govern- 
 ment is the mob, is in strict contbrmitv to the new direction which 
 liynch law has now taken, several judges and hij^b oflicial charac- 
 ters having been already murdered, for decisions m obedienco to 
 
1S2 
 
 MiSCELI.ANEOr* AllTKLRH. 
 
 llic 'licttim oi* til' law, but wliirh v<Tif iiTi|>iila(al»lo t<» 'liosr glndia- 
 toriil (leiiuiL'0;;nt'^ ■>f llur ninctiM nili t:oiifiiry. i'^ir:iilii !y uU"«:m»us 
 ^•iol.ltlrMls arc iii.-.l jK»)l.riti!4; the i.iinl. i's|nTi.il!y \\ ;i.sli'tij;t(»ii, I'liilu- 
 ililphla, l{iiUiiii(iiv, (Miiirio.sion, \'nksl>iiif.'li, \<'\\ < )rl(;ins, Aliuii. 
 lUirunrf, «.Vc. Tliw lust, nr.«(i!i nnl lii)iiii<'Kic, tMiiiimttiMl .n iiml-'liiy 
 hdforc .'iui'il pi'r.sons, Inside! hviae iiui', or. So thui il'a iiiiin hr ou 
 t< riiis \s illi lIic (7,/< »)f ^'rc^-sliiips aiiii »ii1im-«.'11;h>, l.c riiiy ."sCoH ill 
 t.lni (!i)(;oiir.it'.s of tnonil i.li.', -lu-l luiiili U> sctM-n the t!Ui|rsly of tin; 
 laws. Thus liu will) is inuilt'st I'l ilir priiisc of lil»<'rt\ , is \uiy olfen 
 ((tun<l f(» lu! t"»rt'iiitist in iilmsm^ lur. 'J lir:r iioimiis on tl:i- iiMlfrr, 
 as Dr. JmIuisuu f-aul (if rri'-allv rf wi'fks, IimkI Ik unscttli' fV<M v 
 tliiMji', '""' y^'^ sct'li? JiiillintL'"; hno «)i' irMf lilnTty ii tlio iiiiliratmn 
 ot'ji riohlc iiiiiul; Mi'ii'li n<'i>v', ilir')u;'li tlii- I'liioit, i^; iiualo ul)C>ut tlic 
 ioirnor, l)iil in \\ Imt. pari > I it, llu>i.i.»li ui nnnio, i6 llu* latttT lo he 
 t'oiind / () shuJi' ! |»!i;nit'ii!i ! ili-'i'pot ! wluit, Plains ami |»<illu«Ht?t» 
 rest Ujuin tiicc ! Wlial lia>i tliou not t.o up:i\vrr ilu, smct) Jii tliy 
 name, \vlial horrors aro <ar('<'niui^ throiijjliout. tliis unlixj>py land ; 
 wliat foart'id fxcossda coniniiilcil uihI cvi i-y diy conini'ttini; ! Tlio 
 hii?roiy n[' iiuiljocrac.y is alik(; iii all (•.luritiics, similar in r\or\ ai,'o; 
 iraicpliuij i-ii all lau, ciil.i'r liiirriai; or div Ino. iliat. would clu'ck 
 llioir ir<i)(ivalions, or <oijirol their liail juissiitMis. MisiTuhh^ must 
 that land l>o, wrvlchi'd nuh'ed its proitlo, \\ho arn KWaycd or 
 dirrclcd l.y -so deadly a doMiinaimn. Il is tirti<: to lilt tli(5 vrd, and 
 t:\|n>.so tlu! jihoiiiirialioiis it has 1i)0 ]ou',\ concrulcd, in this loudly- 
 bruited (.HMintry oleijual hiws, now in liict becouu; the iiiusi luwless 
 in the universe. 
 
 'J'hoso remarks of Oenernl \Va-:hincto!i, in liis letter to Chief 
 Jws'ice Jay, March lO, \li^7, illusnafi.' the f')regoi^iL^ "Aiiont^ 
 niiMi of reileciion, lew will be found, wiio an- not be^inniiu: to 
 think, that our systmi is better m theory tim't praclice ; and iliat, 
 noiwithsfandinq the boasted virtue^ of America, "t is more than pro- 
 bable, we bhall exhibit tlm last melaneholy proi.f, thai mankind are 
 not competent lo their own :4;overn;nent, without a means id voer- 
 c\on in liie soverei.;!!." Much more to tlio same olVect, passed run- 
 fidontially from the CJeneral to his private secretary, and which I 
 received from the daughter of iJiat secrolary, but too voluminous lo 
 appear here Consult his olllcial Ltitlers to Con^rrcss, London, 
 i7*Jo ; Domestic Kpistlcs, do. 17')0; lanters to Arthur Voung, 
 F. U.S., do. IbUl; prcccilod, in ISOO, by his Letlere ;o Sir John 
 Sinclair, liart. on airriculiural suiijotts. I>r. h'rankhn, who always 
 suspected and latterly coniplaitied of the iiigratifude oihis country- 
 men, in thc: li.'^t speech he e\tT made before the J'\'deral Conven- 
 tion, (vide his life, ha.H the ioUowuig words: " f do not entirely 
 a|)prove of this constitution. 1 believe it is likely to be administered 
 for a course of years, and can only end in despoism, wlien the 
 people thall becoint; so torrujiied as to nceil despotic government, 
 being imajmhh of any other" Tins 1 apprehend stings like a 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
m > 
 
 f 
 
 in 
 
 y 
 
 a 
 
 Mm ri.|.,\Nr.()l'S AllTIC I,Ej4. 
 
 ncftlp, wliicli mny ilo |»r«'ny well, \,\\\ not, to my tlr,iii.iri|,', wnrtliloaa 
 
 as \.nv\ siiirc, witiidui im-nliuiii <; its iiu'<l;«.itii(l |aii|))rti..s, jt. jivi.'s 
 
 susIimiiukm; til r:i' Irsa tlmii filly spt-Tu'H «il" insects. — 'IIk; ( 'ulunilnan 
 
 press is |jy nil riu'uns iiiBciisililo to tins .irriiy «)|'( vd, an tin* I'ullowin^ 
 
 i.'xtnuirniiii a If.iJiiiu' .ii>m"'i;'.', the All* in\ Daily i\<lvertisi'r, jiniii- 
 
 I'uiiy i<'t(tr<Js. ** A (It'Sj)otiHiii ul tlu: worst cliuractrr is preparinf^ 
 
 lor llie American natioii. We aro iiuw Nv<»rsi; riiU;ii l)y our execu- 
 
 liv«' U|j;i'iils, LJiin ati\ jx upU; on (.arlli. 'I'liiTo i^ no iVeedom nl 
 
 opinion, except at llie iuwiiinrnl n-sk ol" lili^ an<l property — no K»;«:n- 
 
 ritv ill liii'^irii's.-* — nt) cerfaiiitv in IracJi — ito laws tiial are cvcnnit 
 • . •" .. . ' 
 
 trom i)V( rj)i:i)W a single •JC'rH-nl— no staff |;oV(.'riinienl site a .single 
 li"iir. I nil'*-; tlji.s slate ot'tiiings is put tlr>wn, a v\\\\ war, or si-pn- 
 ratiitn ofilic Tuion, is ;it lia:i.l." Tin' \«w ^'(l^k 1 leralJ. a lal<'iite<! 
 p;i|)er, adiis, " \\'(! Lavo consuintions, lawj«, 'j. virnors, l«';'|.,hitorH, 
 aiiii );nl^«*^, !>'il <ii' late years il is melanrji.uj, to louis ItacK, and 
 Witness tfie liavoc that ha< heeri made in cvt?ry thin;^ valuahie and 
 li'MioraMe in societ\." Tiie Mirnir, ol llie same city, in its uriicle, 
 " Mm i>f (ionHs*" luriiishes a key to them in th'-.se words: "As it 
 is till' priiioplo of a r<'[)uhlican ];(o\cnKtient to Ll the majoritv ride, 
 the time may tome, and ih.it soon, when a mere man ot son.st? >vill 
 l>i' asiiamed to sh' w his Hico ili hOcietv." Most of their other 
 resp(>cial»lo dadie.-;, wilii niultilndiiious w riters in the hook lorrn, use 
 ninth slron^M-r lan^;iiaj,'-e aL,'a;nsL tlie hlind adlu-retit.s rjf" lih« rtv and 
 er|(jahi.y ; terms tliat iii.> repuidic ever y».'t rreati'd hut as l)nhliles, 
 mere tools with w liic.h lo work ilieir own destruction. -Vdmissiotis 
 that t( II ns \\liy u second edition of Ifolmes* American Annals, 
 (Camhrid^e, I'niled Stall-;', ISO^) has not }ie« n called lor; nor 
 aiKitlicr ot'Si'vJjert's Ann;i!-', I'iiiladelphia, ISlN, 
 
 M. J. i..a<kanall. a J 'rencii gentleman f-d" great l.terary renown, 
 and frleiul of Prc'sidontJefl'.'ison, alter nisidmg twenty years in the 
 Slates, returning to I-'ranre in Ifi.'iV, read an Jvssay before the Aca- 
 demy iil'Moriil and I'oiitical Sfience, at Pans, iiaving this pas satire • 
 '* I am compelled to declate, that the Amttrican nation is one of 
 rogues arid 5;r;oundrelii." Three n>»riln;rn gentl(;;.,en of fortune, on 
 hiiidiiig in CUmada, a ia Q.uehec, hsleiud, though incredulously, to 
 similar iii/i»rmation, hel'ore <rii» ring the Stales; hut in an interview 
 with them, on their return thfrefrurn, I tound tfiey had not (nily 
 abandont'd tiioir inrretlulity, hut furnished additional i!vi<jence for 
 doing so by oihers. A wealiliy JOngiish gentleman, on his first 
 arrival, alike untiivorahle to sucli impressiona, reiu.lily advanced, 
 under its it thu'ine, large •- ans to thiso poojde ; the wlioh; (if whicfi 
 eventually losing, oltligod hitu tu trench upon a contingency, pre- 
 viously set apart for benevolence and hospitality. Jieing now a 
 member of the Provincial Legislature, he one day rose iti his soat, 
 and puhliclv renounced his former good opinion- of this circituvent- 
 ing race : a change wroit. ht upoTi him, he added, rot from his 
 pecuniary loss, as that might have happened aniungsl honest people. 
 
^ 
 
 l?^4 
 
 MISi'F.I t.A.VK'tf'-. \Kri('T.j>. 
 
 but tlio Kvsfomatir, knavoy l>y v'i'li t'lat ]'»!?'; was ftrpcnd. I 
 have roppntetll^ iicnra ri.'s|it «tul>I«' i'lilividnals, i\irnur rf-iit'iitij in 
 llif S»iit<':<, (|.'cliii<>, tliut if tlioy ini^lit ln' tin* owi crs nt" IrrrhoUl 
 it.Ui'S, (ii: ttio cumiltion o'lly I'T 1 \';'ij.r tlit>rf, thry woultl uiii;c-it;i 
 tiii:.''ly 'IccliiK^ llic it:;'i'r. A jwirtin;^' word vn jt? a<.l\niititi;rf« lo flioso 
 not nati\('.s : u n^spcctalil** rnii](."<nic-n in tiie capitnl ot" I |'i'< '" Cana- 
 da, uiidor an infjiiuiiU'd ha!!miiialiori, disiposod of a grtoil I'li.-iiujsf;, 
 and rfpain'd to Ariic-i'vi. In I'-s:' than fvvuyrars, lie c iMinui.icatrd 
 with fr'otiu* iVii.Mids in 'i :iioiiH), rtn)i<»\v«Ti''fj llii«rn to rrpurclui -r his 
 (brni'^r |)ri'niis«.s tlujr'.', ai ans ]'!•:••«•, iu th-.'i Ik; < oi.ld not o!)iaiii 
 broad and clif.T^" wliiro Ik? v. as; h<•^!dt'!j, I'rim Jio luwli^s-s ciMiac- 
 it^r of" thn ]).-!o)>l{', bciii;/ in constant fi-ar i-rins lif'>. / noflior c>im.' 
 •juilfinit r'ana(]:i i: si!'aili.Mif<l ciri'innsiani «•■!, not dovilifini^ thuir 
 rclriovid jti his 11 )j)ia "i" i!i..« Stales, very «jni''k!j, <liscovoring 
 his nror, wiotc, lo his ( '.mulian (i»>difors, s'atiiiiL,f. tfiat if ilioy 
 would consent to ius rt-tni-n, ht^ jih-ilgod li-iMsolf "r-v^r to relax 
 his oxortions. utimI h<' iiu-l vrdnMin'd his ulditra'ions to ihi-ni. 
 
 l'\n;i.llv. Hii'l hv wnv of (.'Xplainirj:' iho conri.se tiiatfor-of-liict inoilo 
 ol fri aiiiig my f:iili|cfr, n iiicIiT'Muo Jo l'>u(r iiui pro^y arrjnmont.;, 
 which li'vy trouliV- thonistdves to n.-id, ard, it'iead, loii^lit he slow 
 to nndorstand, f.r caro very little aboat, 1 ti-ar no contiadictlon on 
 asftcrtinj, tliat Notes are !he key-stones ot" ki;o\\ ledi^e ami l;asi.s of 
 inforiiiation. II* travellers, in ilo.scribini^ other conntric^, did but 
 conform fo tlicso mies, how inn< h nviro anprcci iled would their 
 labor* b(? by tlw; wcuhl \ infiniitly less irk.m.nno tf then readers and 
 themselvos : in.sticui of" which, t.he ijreater pjirl ol' their TH-odnrtions 
 are lilled with exciirsi\(; ideali'ic?, that havo little more to do with 
 the liusl'ics.-' before ihein, t'lau as mere borrowed aid to cmbt llish 
 and adorn !•. ()|iiniOJi3 arc r.over rofeivcd IcL'ally as evidenco ; 
 therefore tln.^e trav«'ls that fill into this error, sh.uiM bo read only 
 as Marriiti ves, n.ithinir furthe'-; uiid very oroperly so. for if twenty 
 indivirjuals speak ol a transaction which llt*;y a.!! r-tiw, every <»ne of 
 i.hom shall differ in his accouiil of if. Hence, us in courts of justice, 
 so also in books of travel, tacts alone should bo stated, that tho 
 reader may be left lo the docission of hid own judi^mcut. 
 
 F I M «. 
 
1