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MANUAL 
 
 OK THE 
 
 Mosses of North America. 
 
 BY 
 
 LEO LESaUEREUX AND THOMAS P. JAMES. 
 
 WITH SIX PLATES 
 
 ILLUSTRATING THE GENERA. 
 
 g0st0tt: 
 
 BRADLEE WH'IDDEN. 
 
 1896. 
 
2. DP. 6' 
 
 Copyright, 
 BY S. E. CASSINO & CO. 
 
 1884, 
 
 C. J. PETERS AND SON, 
 
 electb0typer8 and steueotvpers, 
 143 High Street. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 In 1848 "William S. SuUivant published, in the first edition 
 of Gray's Manual of Botany, descriptions of two hundred 
 and five species of Mosses and sixty-six of Ilepatica). In the 
 second edition of the same Manual, published in 1856, four 
 hundred and ten species of Mosses and one hundred and 
 seven of Ilepaticje were described by him, with the addition 
 of eight tine plates for the illustration of the more important 
 genera.* This second edition becoming soon exhausted, Mr. 
 Sullivant, urged by the friends of American botany to pub- 
 lish, in a separate volume, a Manual of American Mosses, 
 decided to begin the preparation of such a work in connec- 
 tion with the present writer, who had been since 1848 his 
 constant assistant in bryological research. A large amount 
 of material had been collected, the new mosses continually 
 received had been examined and described, and much pre- 
 paratory labor had thus been done when, in 1872, my sight 
 partially failed me, and a few months later SuUivant's noble 
 career was closed by death. 
 
 The bryological collections of Sullivant, together with his 
 library and his manuscript notes, had been bequeathed to the 
 Harvard University Herabrium, and at the suggestion of Prof. 
 
 * Separate issues of both of these editions were made under tlie title of 
 "Musci and Hepaticae of the Northern United States," the last of which 
 reprints (containing some additions) is the work cited throughout the follow- 
 ing pages as " SuUivant's Mosses of the United States." 
 
 ill 
 
 iACii^ 
 
iv 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 Gray, who ardently desired that those valuable materials should 
 be used in continuation of the plan bej^un by the donor, it was 
 arranged that I should undertake the work in connection with 
 Mr. Thomas P. James, of Cambridge, who would make the 
 micro8coj)ical analyses of such species as had not yet been 
 satisfactorily examined, and prepare sketches from which 
 descri]»tion8 could be drawn. 
 
 As large numbers of specimens and even whole collections 
 were sent to us for determination, the work progressed slowly, 
 but it was drawing toward completion when two years ago Mr. 
 James was suddenly called away by death. 
 
 I have since finished the descriptive part of the work, with 
 assistance from Mr. T. lienauld, an eminent French bryologist, 
 in the examination of some Hypnem that had not been surely 
 determined. 
 
 But I was prevented by a^; and sickness from visiting Cam- 
 bridge in order to complete at the library of the Herbarium 
 the bibliographical part of the work, which could not be done 
 with the few books at my disposal. In the emergency, having 
 greatly admired the manner in which Mr. Sereno W.atson — 
 not a professed bryologist — had elaborated the Mosses of the 
 Botany of California, I besought his assistance, little compre- 
 hending at the time the weight wliich I was imposing upon one 
 whose time and energies were already overtasked. This labor 
 of revisal, and the charge of the work in its jjrogress through the 
 press, Mr. Watson at length consented to undertake, especially 
 through regard to the memory of his friend, my associate, Mr. 
 James. It has involved a large amount of critical and editorial 
 labor, and I deeply regret that I am permitted to do no more 
 than to acknowledge, as I gratefully do, my profound obliga- 
 tions to him. But I may bespeak the thanks of all those who 
 are to use this volume, which he has made much more valuable 
 and better adapted to their needs than it would otherwise have 
 been. 
 
niEFACE. Y 
 
 This Manual of American Mosses is believed to include 
 descriptions of all the species of mosses (about nine hundred) 
 tliat are as yet known to occur on the North American Con- 
 tinont within the limits of the United States and northward. 
 It includes the results of the researches of Sullivant and myself, 
 continued until 1872, as well as those of James, Austin, and' 
 Rau, and also such species as have been describ-d by Euroj.tau 
 bryologists, Schimper, Mitten, Mueller, Hampe, Lindberg, etc. 
 
 Leo Lesqukukuxi 
 Columbus, Ohio, May, 1884. 
 
li»W<^|ll!pi (Jll(^wy 
 
MANUAL 
 
 OF THE 
 
 MOSSES OF NORTH AMERICA. 
 
my '.j-P-H-'Hw^ Hiw;g wu_ .nmjjmm 
 
ARTIFICIAL ANALYSIS 
 
 OK TIIK 
 
 GENERA OF MOSSES. 
 
 I. ACROCAUPI. Fruit terminftl. 
 
 A. Capsule without a deciduous operculum. 
 
 Capsule dehiscing by irregular transverse nipture. Plants very small, 
 
 •>- Leaves nerveless, rrothalllum persistent. 
 
 1. Mioromitrium. Capsule globose, nearly sessile. Calyptra ndn- 
 ute, cloMuly adhering. 
 
 ii. Ephemerum. Capsule globose-ovate. Calyptra campanulatc. 
 Leaves nerveless, except in one species. 
 
 •^ •>- Leaves witli a distinct medial nerve. Prothalllum none. 
 
 3. Physoomitrella. Caulescent. Capsule globose, apiculate. 
 
 Calyptra canipanulate. 
 
 7. Microbryum. Stendess. Calyptr;> -eaching the middle of the 
 
 capside, plurilobate at base, splitting on one side. Leaves more 
 closely areolate, minutely papillose on the back. 
 
 4. Sphaerangrium. Stemless. Capsule small, spherical, enclosed in 
 
 a cluster of imbricate very concave or carinate leaves. 
 
 5. Phascum. Caulescent. Capsule pedicellate. Calyptra cucul late. 
 
 0. Pleuridium. Plants larger, caulescent, ramose. C'apsule ovate. 
 Calyptra cucullate. Leaves narrower, lanceolate-subulate. 
 
 8. Bruchia. Capsule apophysate, except iu one species. Calyptra 
 
 ml triform, lobate or irregularly lacerate at base. 
 
 9. Arohidium. Capsule globose, sessile. Calyptra Irregularly torn, 
 
 adhering. Spores remarkably large and few. 
 
 » « Capsule dehiscing by four longitudinal slits. 
 
 Andresea. Capsule sessile on a pedicellate vaginule. Plants 
 brittle and rigid when dry. See Order II. Andreceacece. 
 
 B. Capsule dehiscing by a deciduous operculum. 
 
 « Mouth of the capsule naked. 
 
 •*- Capsule sessile on a pedicellate vaginule. 
 
 Sphagrnum. Calyptra irregularly torn, persistent. Plants soft, 
 flaccid. See Order I. Sphagnaceae. 
 
ANALYSIS OF GEXERA. 
 
 ■*- ■»- Capstile on a proper pCilicel. Vaginule sessile. 
 
 10. Astomum. IMmits small. Operculum not easily tletaclied. Calyp- 
 
 tra t'ucullat(;. Flowers nioncecious. 
 
 11. Gymnostomum. Plants larj^er. Operculum long-beaked. Calyp- 
 
 tra cucullale. Flowers diu'oious. 
 
 12. Ancectangrium. Plants ccspitose. Stems dichotomous, as in 
 
 J'lcurucarpi. 
 
 33. Anodus. Plants very short. Capsule small, obovate, long-pedi- 
 cellate. Calyptra cucullatc. Flowers monfjecious, without para- 
 l)hyses, 
 
 88. Pharomitrium. Capsule immersed, globose. Calyptra obliquo, 
 plurilobate. Leaves with a long white awn. 
 
 39. Pottia. Capside small, with a broad orifice. Calyptra cucullatc. 
 L mves with a loose hyaline basilar areolation. 
 
 48. Hedwigrict* Capsule obovate, im nersed. Calyptra mitriform. 
 
 Leaves hyaline, ciliate at the apex. 
 
 49. Pseadobraunia. Capsule long-pedicellate, pyriform. Calyptra 
 
 narrow, cucuUate. 
 
 31. Amphoridium. Capsule striate, urceolate. Calyptra cucullatc. 
 
 69. Encalypta (1st Section). Capsule oblong-cylindrical. Calyptra 
 
 very long, cylindrical-campanulate. 
 
 60. Calymperes. Calyptra twisted, persistent, plicate, constricted 
 at base. 
 
 65. Schistostega. Plants small, delicate, frondifcrm. Capsule 
 small, globular, pedicellate. Calyptra mitriform. 
 
 70. Psrramidula. Calyptra large, tetragonal, enclosing the capsule 
 
 and dehiscent by lateral slits. 
 
 71. Aphanorhegma. Capsule globose, nearly sessile, splitting trans- 
 
 versely in the middle at maturity. 
 
 72. Physoornitrium. Capsule pedicellate, globose or turbinate. 
 
 Calyptra live-lobate, with a long terete straight beak. 
 
 » « Mouth of the capsule furnished with teeth (peristome). 
 
 4- Peristome single. 
 
 ■w Teeth of the peristome 4. 
 
 62. Tetraphis. Capsule long-pedicellate, linear. 
 
 Stems conspicuous. 
 
 63. Tetrodoutium. Capsule ovate. Calyptra large, 
 
 Plants small, nearly stemless. 
 
 *+ •«• Teeth of the peristome 8. 
 
 28. Octoblepharum. Capsule ovate, pedicellate. Leaves thick, 
 membranaceous, of two or more layers of cells. 
 
 ♦+ ++ -M. Teeth of the peristome 16. Ca'yptra mitriform. 
 = Calyptra plicate. 
 
 50. Goscinodon. Teeth cribrose. Operculum very large. 
 
 51. Ptychomitrium. Teeth narrowly linear, deeply bifid to near the 
 
 base. 
 
 52. Glyphomitrium. Teeth entire. Calyptra large, covering the 
 
 capsule to below the base, plicate and cleft at base. 
 
 56. Orthotrichum (Ist Section). Capsule emei^ing. Calyptra 
 hairy, campanulate-mitrate. Leaves short, striate when dry. 
 
 Calyptra mitriform. 
 mitriform. 
 
ANALYSIS OF GENERA. 
 
 5 
 
 55. Ulcta (2 specios). Capsule lonser-podicellate, defluent into a long 
 coliiiia. Calyptra yellow, haiiy, split at base. 
 
 = = Calyptra not plicate. 
 
 36. Brachyodus. Plants very small. Tooth hyaline-punctnlato, 
 
 iiioie or less perforate. Calyptra u-lobeil at base, 8i)lit on one 
 si<le to near the apex. 
 
 37. Campy losteleum. Capsule thin, on a long slender geniculate 
 
 pedicel. Teeth cleft to the luiddle or low-or. Calyptra long- 
 subuhite. 
 
 2C. Conomitrium. Calyptra short-conical, solid. Teeth entire or 
 laciniate at the apex. Plants floating. 
 
 45. Oinclidotus. Calyptra split at base on one side. Teeth can- 
 
 cellate, multilid, membranous. 
 
 46. Grimmia. Teeth lanceolate, entire, cribrose or 2-3-cIeft at the 
 
 apex. Capsule oval, short-pedicellate. Leaves smooth, generally 
 liair-pomted. 
 
 47. Bacomitrium. Plants of large size. Calyptra subulate. Teeth 
 
 2-3-cleft into filiform segments. 
 
 66. Dissodon. Calyptra large, constricted at base. Teeth short or 
 
 truncate, bigeminate. 
 
 67. Tayloria. Teeth long, loricate, entire or bifid, attached below 
 
 the orifice. 
 
 69. Splachnum. Capsule with large apophysis. Teeth bigeminate. 
 Calyptra small, conical, entire. 
 
 *^ ++ ++ ++ Teeth of the peristome 16. Calyptra cucuUiform. 
 
 = Leaves two-ranked. 
 
 25. Fissidens. Leaves frond if onn. Teeth articulate, cleft to the 
 middle into two unequal segments. 
 
 31. Distichium. Leaves subulate. Teeth linear, nearly entire, or 
 
 bifid, or lacerate. 
 
 32. Eustichia. Leaves imbricate, carinate-compressed, with long 
 
 flexuous points. Fruit unknown. 
 
 = = Leaves spreading every way. 
 
 a. Capsule cernuous-lnclined, unequal. 
 
 15. Oreoweisia. Teeth abruptly lanceolate-subulate from an en- 
 larged base ; articulations prominent. Leaves serrulate. 
 
 17. Cynodontium. Capsule short-ovate; collum distinct, regular or 
 
 strumose. Segments of the teeth unequal. Leaves serrulate at 
 apex. 
 
 18. Dichodontium. Capsule solid; collum short. Teeth large, bifid 
 
 or trifid to below the middft\ Leaves sheathing at base. 
 
 19. Trematodon. Capsule long-pedicellate, narrowed into a long 
 
 apophysis. Teeth nearly entire or irregularly bifiil to the base. 
 
 21. Dicranella. Plants small. Leaves smooth, squarrose or secund. 
 
 Teeth as in Dicramim. 
 
 22. Dicranum. Plants large, 'i eoth regularly bifid to the middle, 
 
 closely articulate. Areolatlon linear at the base, quadrate and 
 inflated at the angles. 
 
 27. Leucobryum. Plants soft, yellowish, spongy. Leaves without 
 costa. Teeth as in Dicranum. 
 
ANALYSIS OF GENERA. 
 
 fli 
 
 29. Ceratodou. Capsule ovate-oblong, with a short struma. Teeth 
 
 bifid to near the base; seginents narrowly linear, distinctly 
 articulate. 
 
 30. Tricbodon. Capsule narrowly cylindrical, arcuate. Segments of 
 
 the teeth strongly nodose at the articulations. 
 
 78. Catoscopium. Capsule very small, globose, incurved at the 
 colliun. Teeth short, irregular. Calyptra very narrow. 
 
 70. Conostomum. Teeth connivent into a cone. Capsule ribbed. 
 
 b. Capsule more regular, slightly curved, somewhat pendulous on an 
 
 arcuate pedicel. 
 
 24. Gampylopus. Teeth bifid to the middle. Calyptra fringed at 
 the base. 
 
 23. Dicranodontiam. Teeth bifid to tlie base; segments narrow, 
 linear. Calyptra not fringed. 
 
 c. Capsule erect, oval or somewhat pyriform. 
 
 13. Weisia. Teeth lanceolate, entire, truncate or dentate at the apex. 
 
 Capsule oval, smooth. 
 
 14. Dicranoweisia. Teeth longer, lanceolate, distinctly articulate. 
 
 Plants large. Leaves arcuate or crispate. 
 
 10. Rhabdoweisia. T^eth linear-subulate, enlarged at the base. 
 Capsule striate. 
 
 20. Angstrnexnia. Teeth large, bifid to the middle. Capsule minute, 
 subglobose, very long pedicellate. Male flowers discoid. 
 
 34. Seligroria. Teeth broad, lanceolate, obtuse, densely articulate. 
 
 Capsule pyriform. Plants very small. 
 
 35. Blindia. Teeth entire, lanceolate, acute, perforated or bifid at 
 
 the apex. Capsule inflated at the collum, obovate or pyriform. 
 Plants of medium size. 
 
 64. Drummondia. Teeth very short, truncate. Capsule globose- 
 oval. 
 
 04. Discelium. Teeth lanceolate, distantly articulate, cleft between 
 the articulations. Calyptra split its whole length, remaining at- 
 tached to the pedicel. 
 
 73. Entosthodon. Teeth distantly and strongly articulate, attached 
 below the orifice of tlie pyrifonn capsule. 
 
 82. Mielichhoferia. Capsule pyriform with a long collum, inclined 
 or pendulous. Teeth narrow from an enlarged base, strongly 
 articulate. Calyptra very small, fugaciouf, 
 
 d. Capsule erect, oblong or apophysate. 
 
 61. Syrrhopodon. Teeth entire, horizontal. Operculum subulate- 
 rostrate. 
 
 68. Tetraplodon. Teeth short, connate by fours at base. Capsulo 
 with a long thick apophysis. 
 
 4-,. ♦♦.++++ ♦+ Teeth of the peristome 32. 
 
 = Teeth more or less connate their whole length. 
 
 40. Didymodon. Teeth flat, narrow, linear-lanceolate, confluent at 
 base, distantly articulate, rarely entire (10), generally split their 
 whole length (32). 
 
 43. Desmatodon. Teeth entire (10) or cleft to the base (.32); seg- 
 ments papillose, tetragonal- terete, either free or connate by trans- 
 verse partitions; basilar membrane protruding from the orifice. 
 
ANALYSIS OF GENERA. 
 
 = = Teeth free. 
 
 42. Trichostomum. Teeth united in pairs to a narro-v basilar 
 membrane; segments equal, filiform, more or less fragmentary. 
 
 41. Leptotrichum. Peristome as in the last; teeth longer, more 
 r 'gular. Leaves long-subulate, glossy. 
 
 44. Barbula. Teeth very long, from a more or less broad tcsscllate 
 marginal membrane, twisted around the columella. 
 
 = = = Teeth large, adhering by their points to the tympaniform top 
 
 of the columella. 
 
 93. Atrichum. Calyptra spinulose at the apex, cucullate. 
 
 94. Oligotrichum. Calyptra large, covered with scattered hairs. 
 
 95. Psilopilum. Teeth long and slender, some of them bipartite. 
 
 Calyptra narrow, solid, smooth. 
 
 96. Pogronatum. Calyptra densely hairy, covering the capsule, 
 
 mi irate. 
 
 4^ +4. 4.,. 4H. ♦♦ -M. Teeth of the peristome 64. 
 
 97. Polytrichum. Teeth adhering to the membrane, as in the last 
 
 section. Calyptra densely hairy. 
 
 ■•- •«- Peristome double : its teeth 16. 
 ♦♦ Capsule symmetrical, erect. Inner peristome of 8 or 16 cilia. 
 
 57. Macromitrium. Teeth lanceolate; inner membrane cleft or 
 
 truncate. Calyptra campanulate, plicate. 
 
 58. Schlotheimia. Teeth revolute, fleshy; inner peristome rudi- 
 
 mentary from a colored membrane. Calyptra campanulate, not 
 plicate. 
 
 59. Encalypta (3d Section). Teeth Aliform; cilia similar to the 
 
 teetli. Calyptra very long, cylindrical or campanulate, not pli- 
 cate. 
 
 56. Orthotrichum (2d Section). Teeth 8, bigeminate, or 16, gemi- 
 nate; cilia filiform. Calyptra campanulate-mitrate, plicate, 
 smooth or hairy. 
 
 55. Ulota. Peristome as in Orthotrichum, Calyptra yellow, hairy, 
 deeply split at the base, obscurely plicate. 
 
 <«-«■ <*■¥ Capsule imsymmetrical, inclined to one side, oblique or pendulous. 
 
 = Inner peristome a plaited cone. 
 
 98. Diphyscium. Capsule gibbous, ovate, sessile. Plants small, 
 
 nearly stemless. 
 
 99. Buxbaumia. Capsule gibbous-ovate on one side, flat to convex 
 
 on the other, short-pedicellate. 
 
 = = Inner peristome a membrane cut into 16 segments; these some- 
 times separated by cilia. Calyptra cucullate. 
 
 74. Punaria. Capsule short-pyriform, curved in the upper part. 
 Teeth obliquely curved; segments of the membrane entire or 
 rudimentary. 
 
 83. Leptobryum. Capsule pyriform, erect or pendulous. Sennents 
 
 of the membrane separated by two appendiculate cilia. Leaves 
 narrowly lanceolate. 
 
 84. "Webera. Capsule long-pedicellate, cemnous or horizontal: cilia 
 
 none, rudimentary or perfect, not appendiculate. Leaves lanceo- 
 late, glossy ; areolatiou narrowly rhomboidal ; costa slender. 
 
8 
 
 ANALYSIS OF GENERA. 
 
 85. Bnrum. Capsule sollil, pyriforra. Inner peristome more per- 
 
 fect. Leaves broader, with broader areolation and strong costa. 
 
 86. Zieria. Capsule with a long colluni deiluent into a short genicu- 
 
 late pedicel. Teeth remotely articulate ; segments narrow ; cilia 
 rudimentary. Leaves soft, greenish. 
 
 87. Mnium. Capsule oblong, horizontal or pendulous. Peristome aa 
 
 in Jiryum, larger. Male flowers discoid. Leaves large, with a 
 very broad areolation. 
 
 88. Osmolidium. Teetli short, adhering to the longer cupuliform 
 
 reticulate membrane, whicli is pierced at the top by the columella. 
 
 80. Bhizogronium. Capsule long, obconical, arcuate. Peristome of 
 Bryum. Leaves solid, long, narrowly lanceolate. 
 
 90. Leptotheca. Capsule erect, cylindrical. Teeth long, linear- 
 lanceolate. Inner membrane short and entire, or longer and 
 cut into segments without cilia. 
 
 79. Axublyodon. Teeth shorter than the segments, obtuse. Cap- 
 
 sule cernuous, with a long collum. Leaves very loosely areolate. 
 
 80. Meesia. Capsule aiid peristome as in the last. Areolation of the 
 
 leaves small, rectangular. 
 
 8L Paludella. Peristome of Webera. Leaves squarrose. 
 
 9L Aulacomnium. Capsule inclined, oblong-ovate with a distinct 
 colluni, ribbed when dry. Teeth linear-subulate above. 
 
 76. Bartramia. Capsule nearly spherical, erect or inclined, ribbed 
 
 when dry. Peristome double (simple in one species, rudimentary 
 in another); segments shorter than the teeth, split into two 
 diverging parts; cilia none or scarcely visible. 
 
 77. Philonotis. Capsule globose, inclined. Segments separated by 
 
 double cilia. Plants stronger. 
 
 ©2. Tinunia. Capsule oblong-ovate, plicate-striate when dry. Inner 
 membrane divided at the middle into filiform appendiculate seg- 
 ments, united by fours at the apex. 
 
 N 
 
 II. CLADOCARPI. Fruit terminal on short lateral branches. Peris- 
 tome double, the outer of 16 teeth. 
 
 100. Fontinalis. Teeth linear; inner peristome of 16 cilia, connected 
 
 by cross-bars or latticed. Calyptra conical, entire or cucullate. 
 
 101. Dichelyma. Cilia of the inner peristome free or appendiculate, 
 
 latticed only at the upper part. Calyptra cucullate. Leaves long 
 and narrow. 
 
 102. CryphsBa. Teeth long; inner peristome of 16 free subulate cilia, 
 
 shorter than the teeth. 
 
 
 III. PLEUROCARPI. Fruit lateral upon the stems or branches; 
 flowers in the axils of the leaves. 
 
 « Calyptra cucuUiform. 
 
 Capsule ovate-oblong or cylindrical, erect or 
 slightly inclined. 
 
 ••- Peristome simple; teeth 16. 
 
 114. Fabronia* Teeth regular or bigeminate (absent in one species). 
 Plants very small and delicate. Leaves ciliate on the borders, 
 rarely entire. 
 
 116. Habrodon. Teeth linear-lanceolate, attached far below tlie 
 orifice of the capsule. Plants very small. Leaves squarrose. 
 
ANALYSIS OF GENERA. 
 
 9 
 
 117. Clasmatcdon. Teeth Irregular, twice or thrice divided to tlie 
 
 base. Capsule constricted under the orifice. IMants very small. 
 
 ^ t- Peristome double, the outer of 10 teeth, the inner of 10 segments, 
 
 with or without cilia. 
 
 ♦* Leaves papillose. 
 
 118. Thelia. Teeth linear-lanceolate, subulate; segments shorter titan 
 the teeth; cilia rudimentary. 
 
 110. Myurella. Peristome perfect; cilia 1 or 2, thick, shorter than the 
 segments. 
 
 120. Leskea. Teeth narrowly lanceolate; segments narrow, linear; 
 cilia none. Capsule oblong, erect or somewhat arcuate. 
 
 121. Anomodon. Teeth pale, linear-lanceolate; segments very short; 
 cilia none. Capsule oblong or cylindrical. I'lants large. 
 
 •M. *•¥ Leaves not papillose, complanate. 
 
 105. Neckera. Teeth long, linear-lanceolate; segments short, fill- 
 form. Leaves more or less undulate. 
 
 100. Homalia. Segments longer than the teeth; cilia single, short. 
 Leaves distichous. 
 
 125. Gylindrothecium. Teeth attached far below the orifice of the 
 
 capsule; segments narrow, carinato (abortive iu one species). 
 Leaves smooth. 
 
 +++♦++ Leaves not papillose nor complanate. 
 
 = Inner peristome a membrane adhering to the teeth. 
 
 lOS. Leucodon. Teeth large, thin, granulose, distantly articulate. 
 PerichiBtium very long. Calyptra smooth. 
 
 103. Leptodon. Teeth distantly articulate, hyaline-bordered. Peri- 
 chsetium very long. Calyptra hairy. 
 
 123. Pylaisia. Teeth densely articulate ; segments long, partly adhering 
 to the teeth. Calyptra smooth. 
 
 = = Inner peristome free, divided to near the base into 10 segments. 
 
 104. Alsia. Teeth and carinate segments long, linear-lanceolate, with 
 
 or without cilia. Calyptra smooth. Secondary stems dendroid. 
 
 107. Meteorium. Teeth and carinate segments short. Capsule small, 
 oval. Plants long, slender, pendulous. 
 
 109. Pterigrynandrum. Teeth short, distantly articulate; segments 
 very short; cilia none. Calyptra smooth. Leaves slightly papil- 
 lose on the back. 
 
 110. Pterogonium. Teeth long and closely articulate ; segments very 
 
 short. Calyptra sparingly hairy. 
 
 111. Antitrichia. Teeth narrowly lanceolate, subulate; segments 
 
 linear, a little shorter than the teeth. Perichajtium long. 
 
 126. Climacium. Teeth confluent above the orifice of the capsule; 
 
 segments as long as the teeth, cleft along the keel. Calyptra 
 long, slender, embracing the base of the capsule. Kamificatiou 
 dendroid. 
 115. Anacamptodon. Teeth lanceolate, reflexed Avhen dry; seg- 
 ments filiform, like the cilia in Orthotridmm. 
 
 122. Platygfsrriuni. Teeth free to below the orifice of the capsule, 
 broadly margined ; segments narrow, linear, as long as the teeth. 
 Calyptra long, dimidiate, twisted around the capsule. 
 
10 
 
 ANALYSIS OF GENERA. 
 
 124. Homalotheoium. Teeth closely articulate, hyaline-bordered; 
 segments free, short, linear-lanceolate, or longer and adhering to 
 the teeth. Calyptra hairy. Capsule slightly cernuous or erect. 
 
 127. Orthothecium. Capsule erect or subinclined. Teeth hyaline 
 
 on the margin; segments linear, aa long as the teeth; cilia short 
 or none. Leaves not costate. 
 
 BB = Inner peristome divided nearly to the middle into 16 segments; 
 
 cilia 2 or 3. 
 
 128. Hypnum. Capsule cernuous, arcuate or horizontal, rarely erect. 
 
 Peristome perfect; cilia articulate or appendiculate. 
 
 • » Calyptra mltriform. Capsule exserted, horizontally inclined. 
 
 112. Hookeria. Teeth lanceolate; segments linear-lanceolate; cUla 
 
 none. Leaves bicostato. Plants small. 
 
 113. Pterigrophylliun. Peristome as in the last. Plants large. 
 
 Leaves large, entire, ecostate ; areolation very loose. 
 
 iii 
 
MANUAL 
 
 or 
 
 NORTH AMERICAN MOSSES. 
 
 Order I. SPHAGNACEiE. Peat Mosses. 
 
 Soft and flaccid caulescent Mosses, generally of large size, 
 growing in more or less compact tufts or j)atches on the surface 
 of bogs, or floating in stagnant water, more rarely on the bor- 
 ders of mountain rivulets, whitish, yellowish, sometimes red 
 or olive-colored, perennial by the annual prolongation of the 
 stems or by simple innovations at the apex. Stems mostly un- 
 divided and bearing copious lateral branches, composed of a 
 triple cellular tissue, the outer (cortex) of large loose cells, the 
 intermediate woody, the central parenchymatose or medullary. 
 Branches partly spreading, partly deflexed and appressed to the 
 stem, in lateral fascicles of 2 to 7, rarely more, those at the 
 summit of the stem capitate, the fascicles gradually more dis- 
 tant downward. Leaves nerveless, translucent, formed of a 
 single layer of two kinds of cells ; 1st, large colorless and hya- 
 line ones {utricles)^ generally perforated by pores and lined 
 with spiral or circular filaments (Jibrils), hence fibrillose and 
 porose f 2d, smaller chlorophyllose ones (dticts)^ narrowly linear, 
 continuous, forming a net of rhomboidal or hexagonal meshes 
 around the utricles: stem-leaves distant, obliquely inserted, 
 erect or deflexed, flat or concave, ovate, obovate, or linguiform, 
 generally obtuse, loosely areolate, their utricles often destitute 
 of fibrils and of pores; branch-leaves smaller, imbricated and 
 

 Mil 
 
 m 
 
 II 
 
 12 
 
 SriIAGNACE.E. 
 
 [Sphagnum. 
 
 6-ranke(l, round, ovato, or iMiiccolato, very concave or even con- 
 volute. Inflorescence moncecious or <lia'ci()us. Male flowers 
 {iintheriditi) borne upon clavate and catkin-like {generally colored 
 branches, solitary at the side of each leaf, globose or ovoid, 
 l>edicellutc. Female flowers {nrcheffonia) generally 3 or 4, .at 
 first sessile in a bud-like involucre terminating a short branch, 
 one only perfecting fruit and forming a capsule, which is at 
 length raised upon a kind of pedicel {j)seud()j)odium)^ formed 
 by the gradual elongation of the base (vaf/imile) and covered 
 by large perichajtial leaves. Capsule globose, opcrculate with a 
 convex or nearly flat lid, the orifice naked (without peristome 
 or annulus). Calyptra irregularly lacerate and adhering to the 
 vaginule. Sj)ores of two kinds, tetrahedral macrosporesy and 
 polyhedral mierosjwresj the latter many times the smaller. 
 On germination the macrospores first produce a thin prothal- 
 lium, either tilamentose in water or expanded in a kind of net 
 work upon the ground, upon which leaf -buds are afterwards 
 formed. 
 
 Like the AndrecBacea:, the SphagnacecB differ much from tlie true 
 Mosses. In tlieir mode of germination, the first evolution of tlie plant, 
 and the form of tlie antheridia, they are related to the caulescent Ilepaticce. 
 The structure of the stem, the imperfect calyptra, the organization of the 
 capsule, and the two kinds of spores are without analogy among either 
 the true Mosses or the Hepaticoe. Tlie Order consists of only the follow- 
 ing genus. For more detailed descriptions and full synonymy reference 
 may be made to Schimper's Torffuoose, Braithwaite's Sphagnaceie or 
 Peat-Mossea of Europe and North America, Lindberg's Europas och 
 Nord Amerikaa Uvitmoasor, and Husnot's Sphagnoloyia Europcea. 
 
 1. SPHAGNUM, Dill. (PI. I.) 
 Character that of the Order. 
 
 § 1. Acuta. J^ranch-leaoes erect : ducts forming part of the 
 concave upper surface^ triangular in cross-section, the por- 
 tion included beticeen the utricles being tcedgeform, the 
 free surface convex : stem^leaves large, bordered by narrow 
 and flexuous hyaline cells ; their utricles rarely fbrillose, 
 mostly empty. 
 
Sphtt'jnuin,] 
 
 SrilAr.XACE.E. 
 
 13 
 
 1. S. acutifolium, KhHi. Mond'cions, f^roon or more jjcn- 
 erally juirplisli ; forticnl zone of tlu' Htrins a tri|»lt' layer of colls 
 destitute of pores ; hranehes in fascicles of >\ to A, spreadiiij^, 
 one or two of them |»en(lent : stem-leaves ovate or lint;ulate, erose 
 or dentate at the apex, erect, the cells near the apex with a few 
 slender Hhrils ov none, rarely porose ; hraneh-leaves deeply eon- 
 cave, ovate-lanceolate, taperin<j: to a truncate |>oint, the upper 
 lanceolate and stdudate, all til»rill(>se, porose, and narrowly mar- 
 gined ; perichietial leaves ohlonj;, i^radually acuminate, sinuose- 
 dentate at the recurved apex, the cells irregular and empty: 
 capsule lojig-pedicellate : sjiores ferruginous: male aments gen- 
 er ly red. — 1*1. Crypt. Exsic. n. 7*J ; Schimp. Torfm. 5(5, t. 13 ; 
 Hraithw. Sphag. 0(), t. lH-2(). S. nemorefttn, Sco]). ; Lindberg, 
 Sj>hag. 02. *V. capillifoUnm, lledw., in part. 
 
 Var. purpureum, Schimp. Plants purple ; the capitulum 
 dense, subspherical : stem-leaves fibrillose. 
 
 Var. fuscum, Schimp. Plants rust-color, in very compact 
 tufts ; branches closely incurved, pale at the apex. 
 
 IIab. Very common, In open or shaded bogs, in valleys or on moun- 
 tains. 
 
 Many other varieties could be described: var. cnnfertum, intermedium, 
 o,r\*\. rohuntmn, Austin; patulum Andileflexiim, Schimper; quinqii^farinm, 
 Lindb. ; elcfjann, Braithw., etc. ; the plants differing generally to some ex- 
 tent in their aspect according to their special habitat. 
 
 ^ 2. S. rubellum, Wils. Very much like the last, from which 
 
 it differs in its dioecious inflorescence, more slender and very 
 
 soft stems, shorter and more obtuse oval-oblong branch-leaves 
 
 3-toothed at apex, and broad obtuse stem-leaves with utricles 
 
 bipartite and sometimes flbrillose. — Bryol. Brit. 19, t. 60 ; 
 
 Schimp. Torfm. 70, t. 20. 8. acutifolium^ var. rtibellum^ 
 
 Russ. ; Braithw. Sphag. 69, t. 19. 
 
 Hab. New Brunswick {^Fowler). Rare or rarely observed in this 
 country. 
 
 3. S. strictum, Lindb. DioBcions, robust, yellowish-green ; 
 stems long, solid, with 3 or 4 cortical layers of porose cells ; 
 branches 3 to 5, curved and deflexed, two of them pendent: 
 stem-leaves large, erect, lingulate-spatulate, erose-laciniate at the 
 truncate apex, broadly margined and slightly appendiculate at 
 base, with empty cells ; branch-leaves erect-spreading, ovate- 
 lanceolate, subulate at the top of the branches ; cells closely 
 fibrillose, with numerous pores ; perichaetial leaves oblong or 
 
14 
 
 SriIACJNACE.f:. 
 
 [Sphaynum. 
 
 I 
 
 4 
 
 ^i 
 
 ovnl, cmnrpinntc nt the olttiiw afwx, the utriclcH cmiity : male 
 oiiH'iits ycllowiMlj-ln'owii: — ()fv. K. Vet. Ak. Vi'trh. xix. 1.'{H, 
 mill Spha^. 40; llraithw. Sphag. 04, t. 17. *S'. GiryenHohnii^ 
 J{iisH. ; Siilliv. It'oii. iMuHc. Suppl. 14, t. 5. 
 
 Var. squarrOSUlum, Uuhh. PlantH Hinnll : brnneh lenveH 
 rt't'urvcMl at the apox. 
 
 II All. In flwainps and bog8, Xcw Jersey and Canada; the variety at 
 Little Falls, New Jersey (Annlhi). A large form (var. m(\}or) Is found 
 in the White Mountains, New Hampshire. 
 
 4. S. flmbriatum, Wils. Closoly allied to the last, differ- 
 ing in its glaucous-green eolor, tlie cortical cells in 2 or 51 layers, 
 distinctly porose, the much larger stem-leaves ovate-spatulate 
 and timbriate at the upper border or from the middle, and the 
 perichiutial leaves much larger an<l with a closer areolation. — 
 liryol. Brit. 21, t. CO; Schimp. Torfm. 59, t. 15; Braithw. 
 Sj)hag. 63, t. 16 ; Lin<lb. Sphag. 47. 
 
 IlAu. In swamps of tlie Palisades, New Jersey ( \Vhite)\ in tlie Sierra 
 Nevada, California, at 11,000 feet altitude (llrevoer). 
 
 § 2. CuspiDATA. Branch-leaves longer and narrower^ erect- 
 spreading^ undulate on the margin when dry : ducts with 
 the broad base exposed upon the back of the leaf cuneate 
 between the utricles: stem-leaves small: cortical cells not 
 porose. 
 
 ^ 5. S. CUSpidatum, Ehrh. Dicccious, generally long and 
 slender, floating in loose tufts, greenish : stems filiform ; cortical 
 cells large, in 2 (rarely 3) layers ; branches in fascicles of 3 to 
 5, spreading or pendent, cuspidate by the convolute terminal 
 leaves : stem-leaves triangular, 2-3-toothed at the apex, broadly 
 margined ; cells of the lower part long and narrow, the upper 
 vermicular, fibrillose, not porose ; branch-leaves loose, lanceolate- 
 acuminate, deeply concave, denticulate at the apex, subulate 
 toward the end of the branches; perichcetial leaves distant, 
 broadly ovate, truncate or obtuse at the apex, more or less 
 fibrillose: capsules small, mostly long-pedicellate, scattered 
 along the stem : spores light-brown. — PI. Crypt, n. 251 ; 
 Schimp. Torfm. t. 16 ; Braithw. Sphag. 82, t. 26, 27 ; Lindb. 
 Sphag. 62; Sulliv. Icon. Muse. Suppl. 11, t. 2 (S. larici?ium, 
 Aust. Muse. Appalach. n. 31). 
 
 Var. Torreyanum. Very robust ; branches in fascicles of 
 4 or 5, very long, flat, linear-lanceolate : leaves long-lanceolate, 
 
 .^ 
 
Sphaomim.] 
 
 8riIA(JXACE/E. 
 
 15 
 
 Bproadinj;, hroadly marjfiiUMl, i>r()Hc-<U>ntnto at the npox. — 
 tS. 7\»Tit/u)iu»i, Sulliv. Ali'in. Amcr. Aciul. iv. 174, ninl MoMst-s 
 of U. Slates, IJJ. aS'. citttjndatumy var. Torretji^ Braithw., in 
 jmrt. 
 
 Var. falcatum, Iluss. Branches diHtinotly falcate at the 
 ajK'x. — Ik'itr. T«)rfni. 51). 
 
 Var. plumosuxn, Schiinp. Tufts soft, compact ; steins 
 short and branches erect ; leaves lanceolate-subulate. — *S'. lujci- 
 foHum^ Muell. Syn. i. 1)7. 
 
 Var. plumulosum, Schimp. Soft, as in the last; leaves 
 shorter, very narrow. 
 
 Var. serratum. Stem-leaves broadly margined; upper 
 branch-leaves serrate from the middle, those of the comal 
 branches from the base. — iS. aerratumy Aust. Bull. Torr. Club, 
 vi. 145. 
 
 Var. hypnoides, Schimp. Stems in short dense tufts, with- 
 out branches; leaves lanceolate, tubular, hamate-secund. — IS. 
 hypnoides., Braun. 
 
 Had. Ponds, and borders of streams flowing from bogs; not rare. 
 Var. Torreyanurn, in bogs at the South; y&rs. pluinosuni tkn<\ plnmitloaum 
 on alpine rivulets; var. aerratum, at St. Augustine, Florida {J. DonncU 
 Smith). 
 
 6. S. intermedium, Iloffm. Closely allied to the preced- 
 ing. Stems and reflexcd branches thicker ; cortical cells small, 
 in 2 or 3 layers : stem-leaves shorter, broader, triangular ; 
 branch-leaves broader, recurved at the apex ; the pericha3tial 
 closely imbricated : capsules on the tufted branches. — Braithw. 
 Sphag. 78, t. 24, 25. aS'. recurvum^ Beauv. ; Brid. Bryol. Univ. 
 i. 13 ; Schimp. Torfm. 1. 16. S. citspidatum^ var. Jiaueiy Aust. ; 
 Ran & Ilarv. Cat. 49. 
 
 Had. With the preceding. 
 
 7. S. Lindbergfii, Schimp. Moncecious, robust, greenish- 
 brown : cortical cells in 3 or 4 layers, unequal, without fibrils or 
 pores : stem-leaves reflexed, close, broadly Ungulate, fimbriate at 
 the apex ; branch-leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate, dentate at 
 the apex, shining, broadly margined downward, with numerous 
 small pores in the upper part : capsule on a thick pedicel, urceo- 
 late when dry : spores yellow. — Torfm. t. 25 ; Braithw. Sphag. 
 77, t. 23 ; Lindb. Sphag. 60. 
 
 Hab. Wet sloping rocks of White Face Mountain, New York (C H. 
 Peck) ; very rare. 
 
in 
 
 SriIAONACEiB. 
 
 \Srhagn im. 
 
 $ 3. StiUAnROSA. /Hanta stont: hranch-lenrcg stjunrrose from 
 the iniddln: dttctn tmniinl^ oiml^ inJItUed and /'roe on both 
 iidesy or covcmd /•// the bordern of the utricten on the upper 
 anrftee of tht hurcn : cortical cells not poro»e, 
 
 8. S. SquarrOSUm, INts. MotKwious, loosoly nnd liroadly 
 ci'HpitoHc, l)luiMli-(ri'('cii : Htciim Noliil, ri<^i<l, Hiinplu or forking, 
 with Ninnll cortical ccIIh in two InyorH; hrnnchcN in fascicles 
 of 8 to G: Htem-Ic'jivi'M soft, Hprcndin;^ or rcMi'Xi'«l, liimuiform, 
 rouii(le<l nnd tiinbriatc at the apex, the utriclcH witliout Hbres or 
 |>ore«; brnnch-IcavcH ol)l;)n.ij;-lanceolatc, 4-toothe(i at the apex, 
 broa<lly margined by 2 or 3 rows of narrow cells, the utriclcH 
 flbrilloHO and with Hotne large pores on the borders ; periehietial 
 leaves very broad, subrevolute, thin, rounded at the apex: 
 capsules numerous at and near the capitate a[)ex, large, globose: 
 spores yellow. — Schimp. Torfni. t. 17; Braithw. Sphag. 69, 
 t. 14; Lindb. Sphag. 42. 
 
 Var. squarrosulum, Schimp. Plants pale, with slender 
 stems : leaves scarcely half as large as in the normal form : fruit 
 unknown. — Torfni. 71. iS. aquarroaidum^ Lesq. Mem. Calif. 
 Acad. i. 3. 
 
 II An. Boggy places In woods; not rare. Tho variety In open moun- 
 tain bogs; on Lassen's Peak, California, at about 6,000 feet altitude, 
 forming by itself large bogs ( \V. II. Brewer). 
 
 9. S. teres, Angstroem. Dioecious, loosely cespitose, yellow- 
 ish brown ; male i)lant8 in separate tufts, more slender than the 
 female, with subglobose heads composed mostly of short flower- 
 bearing branches : stems solid, with 2 to 4 cortical layers of un- 
 equal cells: stem-leaves large, oblong-ovate, rounded at the 
 erose apex, the utricles empty ; branch-leaves closely imbricate, 
 ovate, abruptly short-acuminate, recurved at the obscurely den- 
 tate apex, the utricles fibril lose and porose ; perichaetial leaves 
 large, concave or subre volute, erose at the rounded apex : cap- 
 sule terminal, globose. — Sulliv. Icon. Muse. Suppl. 13, t. 4; 
 Schimp. Syn. 2 ed., 836. aS". aquarroaum^ var. tereay Schimp. 
 Torfm. 64 ; Braithw. Sphag. 62, t. 15. 
 
 Had. Marshes in Southern New Jersey {Austin); '.tire. 
 
 10. S. Wulflanum, Girgens. Monoecious, large, rigid, 
 brownish-green, the apex variegated green and red : stems dark- 
 brown ; cortical cells small, in 2 layers ; branches 7 to 14, half 
 of them subarcuate or horizontal, tumescent, the rest slender, 
 
itphnf/nnm.] 
 
 BIMIAGNACE.E. 
 
 17 
 
 filiform, and pciulont: HtiMn-U'uvcH mnall, rotlcxiMl, viilar<;t'»l at 
 tlu» base, liu^ulato, ohtUMo, lU'arly t'litirt', tlic utricii's «'in|ity; 
 hraiicli-lt'avos Niiiall, ovaU'-IaiKToJatt', «l»'Htatc» at tlir tnincato 
 n|H>x, tli<> iippor laiiceolati'-MilMiiatc aii<l iiairowly inart;iii(><l, tlio 
 utriclt's lilirilloso an<l porosi': pcricltiutial Icavrs hroailly ohltiiii^, 
 olttuscly |i<)int('<l, with etnpty utricli's: iiialo aiiu'iits sliort, cap!* 
 tat*', on piir|»lo braiu'liU'tw: capsulrH t'morsjfini; frcm tlii' tiit't, 
 i;Iol»os<'. — Siilliv. Icon. MuHc. Siippl. IH, t. 1>; IJraitliw. Sphaj;. 
 7r», t. li'i; [/null). Spliauf. 57. *S'. /)//c»K>t7«<A/m, Ani^str. 
 Haii. Ciinuilu (Marotin, Fowler)', New York {Uowc, Pi'ck, Austin). 
 
 $ 4. Mor,r,iA. Pliints shorty closehf cespifose^ verij soft when 
 moistened^ h'ittle when dry: stetn-leai'ea tHirroicft/ luaV' 
 ffincil ,' br<ni('/i-lenve8 short: ducts near the coticave sur^ 
 face {except in n. 14), suhcuncate with the broader aidefree^ 
 or entirely surrounded by the utricles. 
 
 11. S. rigidum, Sohlmp. Moiuufiona, <1onsc'ly ccRpitoso, 
 rit;i(l, glaucous-green above, whitiHh below, the small cortical 
 cells in a double or triple layer; branches in close fascicles of 3 
 or 4, short, ])artly detlexed : stem-leaves erect, stnall, enlarged 
 at the very base, obtuse-ovato or obtusely triangular; branch- 
 leaves ovate-oblong, dentate at the apex, often contracted in the 
 middle and cucullato above, the utricles fibrilloso and with 
 numerous unequal pores ; the perichtetial ovato or oblong- 
 lanceolate, subfalcate, d' ply eraarginato or bidentatc at tho 
 apex, tho utricles fibrilloso and porose : caj)Sulo immersed or 
 short-pedicelled. — Torfra. t. 18; Braithw. Sphag. 50, t. 13. 
 S. compactum, var. rigidum^ Noes & Ilornsch. S. strictum, 
 Sulliv. Muse. Allegh. n. 201. S. humile, Scliiin]). ; Sulliv. Icon. 
 Muse. 5, t. 3. 
 
 Var. squarrosum, Russ. Palo green ; branches spreading 
 horizontal'y ; leaves loose and squarrose. 
 
 Had. In bogs, esi>ecially southward, from the phie-barrens of New 
 Jersey to Florida; Yosemite Valley, in the spray of tho Vernal Falls, 
 and in rivulets at the foot of Mt. Dana {Bolander). Tho variety near 
 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania {liau). 
 
 1*-. S. Muelleri, Schimp. Delicate, pale-green : stems 
 slender, tlie unecpial cortical cells in three layers ; branches in 
 fascicles of 3 or 4, ])fu-tly arcuate, partly flagelliforra and pen- 
 dent: stem-leaves large, obi ng or obovate, slightly dentate at 
 the apex, fibrilloso and porose like the branch-leaves, which ar« 
 
If ■f*'^-" 
 
 18 
 
 SPHAGNACE^. 
 
 [Sphagnum. 
 
 i; i 
 
 ■; 'I 
 
 I :i 
 
 :; 'n 
 
 i I 
 
 fc^ 
 
 erect and clasping to the middle, subsqiiarrose .above, oblong, 
 lanceolate, with a narrow crenato border, the compressed ducts 
 broader and free on the inner surface ; perichajtial leaves oblong, 
 acuminate-lanceolate, coarsely dentate at and toward the apex, 
 the utricles fibrillose and porose in the upper part only : spores 
 yellow. — Torfni. t. 2G ; SuUiv. Icon. Muse. 9, t. 5. >S. molr 
 luscoidesy Muell. Syn. i. 99. S. molky Aust. S. molle^ var. 
 Muelleri, Braithw. Sphag. 54, t. 12. 
 
 Had. Florida ( Ituaaell) ; Lookout Mountain, Tennessee (Leaq uereux) ; 
 New Jersey (Austin). 
 
 13. S. molle, Sulliv. Dioecious, densely cespitose, v/hitish- 
 green : stems short (an inch or two high), with two cortical 
 layers of quadrangular cells ; branches close, 2 or 3 together, 
 spreading: stem-leaves close, large, oblong, obtuse, spreading 
 or deflexed, the utricles empty or slightly fibrillose and porose ; 
 branch-leaves very delicate, ovate-oblong, erect, convolute 
 above, truncate-denticulate at the apex, the utricles with fibrils 
 and thiidy scattered spores ; pericha)tial leaves imbricate, con- 
 cave, constricted at the emarginate 2-3-toothed apex, utricles 
 empty : capsule globose, exserted from the tufted branches. — 
 Muse. Allegh. n. 205, Mosses of U. States, 13, and Icon. Muse. 
 7, t. 4; Braithw. Si>hag. 53; Lindb. Sphag. 33. S. tahulare^ 
 Sulliv. Muse. Allegh. n. 204, and Mosses of U. States, 12. 
 S. compactttm^ Brid., and var., Muell. Syn. ii. 539. 
 
 Var. tener am, Braithw. Stems shoi-t, whitish ; branches 
 crowded: leaves acuminate, somewhat undulate. — Sphag. 55. 
 S. teneriim, Sulliv. & Lesqx., Muse. .'3or.-Araer. (1 ed.) n. 11 ; 
 Sulliv. Mosses of U. States, 11. 
 
 IlAB. Table Mountain, South Carolina (Gray); Tallulah Falls, Geor- 
 gia {Lesq^iereiu); Quaker Bridge, New Jersey (James, Austin). 
 
 14. S. Garberi, Lesqx. & James. Dioecious, of medium 
 size, green ; stems very soft, the rather large cortical cells in 
 three layers: stem-leaves small, deltoid-ovate, subcucullate, 
 nearly entire at the apex, the utricles large, scarcely narrower 
 along the margin, slightly porose and fibrillose toward the 
 base ; branch-leaves concave, imbricattj at base, squarrose from 
 the middle, dentate at the truncate apex, not margined, the 
 large utricles closely fibrillose and porose, the very narrow 
 ducts on the convex side of the leaf and nearly surrounded 
 by the utricles; perichaetial leaves deeply concave but not 
 
Sphngnwn.] 
 
 SPHAGNACE^. 
 
 19 
 
 LI; 
 
 vau:inat(», ovate-acuminate, suhfalcate, crose at the ai)ex : cap- 
 sules from the tufted branches, small, reddish-brown. — Proc. 
 Amer. Acad. xiv. 133. S. humile Austin, Bull. Torr. Club, 
 vii. 2. 
 II An. Florida (Br. A. P. Garter). 
 
 § 5. SunsEcuxDA. Branc?i-leave8 more or less aecund or 
 falcate^ very fibrilloaey more or less porose in the tipper 
 part: ducts medial, compressed or triangular, generally 
 free on the broader side. 
 
 15. S. SUbsecundum, Nees. Dia?cious, loosely cespitose, 
 variously colored : 8t«;m solid, with a simple layer of cortical 
 cells ; branches in fascicles of 3 or 4, recurved or pendent, short : 
 Btem-leaves small, enlarged at base, deltoid or ovate, cuculhite 
 at the obtuse minutely fimbriate apex, the utricles fibrillose and 
 porose in the upper part only ; branch-leaves spreading, secund, 
 ovate-acuminate, deeply concave, margined, 2-3-toothed at the 
 apex, the utricles fibrillose and with numerous small pores, gen- 
 erally 2-ranked close to the walls; pericha3tial leaves oblong- 
 acuminate, fibrillose in the upper part : caj)sules in the tufted 
 branches: spores ferruginous. — Bryol. Germ. i. 17, t. 3 ; 
 Schimp. Torfm. t. 22 ; Braithw. Sphag. 48, t. 9, 10 ; Lindb. 
 Sphag. 28. 
 
 Var. auriculatum, Lindb. Stem-leaves distinctly auricu- 
 late. — Schimp. Torfm. 77, t. 24. 
 
 Var. laxum. Loosely cespitose, variegated in color : stem- 
 leaves lingulate, obtuse ; branch-leaves long-ovate, with cunei- 
 form ducts near the convex surface ; jierichietial leaves very 
 large. — S. Zescurii, Sulliv. Mosses of U. States, IL 
 
 Var. COntortum, Schimp. Dark green, with crowded and 
 somew^hat circinate branches: stem-leaves larger, the utricles 
 fibrillose and porose th»?ir whole length ; branch-leaves larger. 
 — S. contortum, Schultz ; Nees & Hornsch. Bryol. Germ. i. 15, 
 t. 2, fig. 6. 
 
 Var. obesum, Schimp. Very stout, with tumid branches 
 and large closely imbricate leaves. — S. contortum, var. obesum, 
 Wils. Bryol. Brit. 22. 
 
 Hab. Peat-bogs, in the middle and northern sections, genei-ally borde.- 
 ing ditches or filling depressions in the bogs. 
 
 16. S. laricinum, Spruce. Closely resembling the last, 
 differing in the double or triple layer of cortical cells, the much 
 
20 
 
 SPHAGNACE^. 
 
 [Sphagnum, 
 
 
 larger stem-leaves narrowed at base and eraarginate at the apex, 
 
 the shorter imbricate and aj)j)ressed (not secund) branch-leaves, 
 
 the utricles eiongated and flexuous, with fewer small pores on 
 
 both sides of the walls, and tiie narrowly oval ducts free on 
 
 both faces. — Sulliv. Icon. Muse. Suppl. 17, t. 8 ; Braithw. 
 
 Sphag. 44, t. 7, 8 ; Liudb. Sphag. 25. /S. contortum^ var. lari- 
 
 cinuniy Wils. 
 
 LlAB. Marshes and bogs; Sand Lake, N. Y. (C. II. Peck) ; Gloucester 
 County, Pcnn. {E. A, Ran). 
 
 17. S. Mendocinum, Sulliv. & Lesq. Elongated, floating, 
 loosely cespitose, tawny above, yellowish white below ; stems 
 solid, the cortical cells in a simple or double layer ; branches 
 long and flexuous, in fascicles of 2 or 3, mostly oj)en, not pen- 
 dent : stem-leaves oblong-ovate, auricled at base, marginate, 
 fibrillose and porose in the upper part ; branch-leaves loosely 
 imbricate, lanceolate, acuminate, subulate-dentate at the aj^ex, 
 the long flexuous utricles with close fibrils .ind numerous minute 
 pores in rows on both sides of the walls ; ducts medial and 
 compressed, or narrowly triangular with the free base on the 
 convex surface : fruit unknown. — Sulliv. Icon. Muse. Suj)pl. 
 12, t. 3. /S. aitriculatiun^ Lesq. in Mem. Calif. Acad. i. 4 ; 
 Sulliv. & Lesq. Muse. Bor.-Am. Exsicc. (2 ed.) u. 23. S. sub- 
 secumliim^ var. longifoUmny Lesq. 1. c. < 
 
 Has. Swamps near Mendocino City, California (Bolander, 18C7); 
 bogs near King Kiver, California, at 8-9,000 feet altitude (Breioer). 
 
 The species is allied to S. cuspidatum (to which it is referred by 
 Braithwaite and Lindberg) in its habit and in the disposition of the 
 ducts, to S. aubaecundum in the structure of the leaves. 
 
 18. S. tenellum, Ehrh. Dioecious, soft and delicate, rarely 
 cespitose, mostly floating, yellowish green or straw-color ; stems 
 loose, slender, very long and flexuous, the cortical cells distant 
 in a double layer ; branches short, solitary or 2 or 3 together, 
 spreading or one of them reflexed : stem-leaves spreading or 
 erect, large, oblong-ovate, obtuse, entire, densely fibrillose, with 
 a few pores in the upper part ; branch-leaves loosely incumbent, 
 comparativ2!y short, ovate-lanceolate, distinctly margined, erose 
 at the apex, strongly fibrillose, with many small pores on the 
 upper surface ; perichaetial leaves loosely imbricate, oblong- 
 lanceolate or Ungulate, fibrillose in the upper part : capsule 
 small, thin-walled, ochraceous : spores large, yellow : male 
 plants in separate tufts ; aments small, orange-color. — Braithw. 
 
 :!i 
 
Sphagnum.] 
 
 SPHAGNACE.E. 
 
 21 
 
 by 
 the 
 
 the 
 
 Sphag. 42, t. 6 ; Lindb. Sphag. 22. S. moiluscton, Bnieh. ; 
 Schimp. Torfm. 71, t. 21. 
 
 Had. Peat bogs; rare. Southern New Jersey {Austin); Canada 
 {Fowler); Cascade Mountains, Oregon (Newberry). 
 
 § C. CvMniFOUMiA. Plants robust : stem-leaves large^linguhtte 
 or spatulate ,' branclv-leaves very concave, densehj imltri- 
 cate: cortical cells large, Jibrillose and porose : ducts thick- 
 walled, somewhat triangular, medial or near the concave 
 surface of the leaf. 
 
 19. S. cymbifolium, Elirli. Dioecious, densely eespitose 
 when growing out of water, rarely floating, yellowish green or 
 purplish ; stems solid, simple or 2-parted, the cortical cells in 3 
 or 4 layers ; branches in fascicles of 3 to 5, two of them pen- 
 dent, the rest curved : stem-leaves generally reflexed. Ungulate, 
 rounded and erose at the apex, not margined, the utricles mostly 
 empty or thinly fibriliose toward the apex ; branch-leaves 
 broadly ovate, narrowed and cucullate toward the apex, sca- 
 brous on the back by the perforation of the utricles, which are 
 large and fibriliose, with few large pores, the ducts medial and 
 narrowly oval ; pericha3tial leaves small, ovate-lanceolate : cap« 
 sule large, globose, dark-brown, stomatose : spores ferruginous : 
 male plants slender, the aments rather thick, yellow. — Hannov.. 
 Mag. 1780, 235 ; Schimp. Torfm. 69, t. 19 ; Braithw. Sphag.. 
 38, t. 5. S. palustre, Linn. ; Lindb. Sphag, 16. S. latifolium, 
 Hedw. S. vulgare, Michx. Fl. ii. 285. 
 
 Has. Bogs and mountain rivulets; common and variable.. 
 
 20. S. papillosum, Lindb. Much like the last and gen- 
 erally confounded with it. Cortical cells quadrangular, in four 
 layers : stem-leaves rounded and minutely fringed at the apex ; 
 branch-leaves round-ovate, the ducts densely and minutely 
 papillose where in contact with the utricles which enclose them ; 
 perichaBtial leaves oblong, plicate, the utricles empty in the 
 lower part, porose and fibriliose above. — Act. Soc. Sc. Fenn. 
 X. 280, and Sphag. 14 ; Austin, Muse. Appal. Exsicc. Suppl. 
 n. 451 ; Braithw. Sphag. 35, t. 4. 
 
 Hab. New Jersey (Austin); Canada (Fowler); Pennsylvania (E. A. 
 Rau). 
 
 21. S. Austin!, Sulliv. Pale green, resembling the last 
 two species in size and aspect, differing especially in the stem- 
 leaves distinctly fimbriate, with the utricles porose and fibriliose 
 
rrr 
 
 
 i : 
 
 t 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 s 
 
 1 !i 
 
 ■ in 
 
 ! i 
 
 i"! 
 
 a? 
 
 22 
 
 SPIIAGXACE/E. 
 
 [Sphagnum. 
 
 in the lower part, empty in the upper; branch-leaves denticulate 
 above the middle and scabrous at the cucullate apex, with the 
 triangular ducts free on the concave side of the leaf, and the 
 walls of the utricles bordered by a fringe of rudimentary fibres ; 
 pericluetial leaves large, oblong, obtuse, fimbriate at the apex : 
 flowers mona'cious, and the small capsule short-pedicellate. — 
 Icon. Muse. Supi)l. 9, t. 1 ; Austin, Muse. Appal. Exsicc. n. 2 ; 
 Braithw. Sphag. 33, t. 3. 
 
 Hab. Swamps in Ocean County, New Jersey {Austin, E. A. Rau)\ 
 also found in Sweden by Lindberg. 
 
 22. S. Portoricense, Hampe. Dicecious (?), very large, 
 generally floating, the exposed portion greenish, the immersed 
 grayish brown; stems solid, the cortical cells in 3 or 4 1* ers, 
 fibrillose and slightly porose ; branches in fascicles of ■* or 6, 
 some ament-like, attenuate at base, erect or arcuate, others 
 longer, more slender and pendent: stem-leaves appendiculate 
 or substipulate, broadly triangular-ovate, entire, the utricles 
 without j)ore8 and with few fibrils; branch-leaves closely 
 imbricate, cucullate and scabrous on the back at the apex, 
 broadly ovate, obtuse, minutely fimbriate all around like the 
 stem-leaves, narrowly margined, the utricles fibrillose and 
 porose and with the walls made papillose by the bases of abor- 
 tive fibrils; ducts as in the last species: fruit unknown. — 
 Linnaea, xxv. 359 ; Austin, Muse. Appal. Exsicc. n. 1 ; Sulliv. 
 Icon. Muse. 3, t. 2 ; Braithw. Sphag. 32, t. 2 ; Lindb. Sphag. 9. 
 S. Sullivantiamnn, Austin, Am. Journ. Sci. 2 ser., xxxv. 253. 
 
 Hab. Manchester Pond, Ocean County, New Jersey (Austin); 
 Atlantic County, etc., New Jersey [E. A. Rau). Described by Hampe 
 from specimens collected in Porto Rico. 
 
 § 7. Cyclophylla. Loosely cespitose: stems short, with or 
 mostly without short simple ament-like brandies: leaves 
 loosely imbricate, orbicular or ovate, broadly obtuse : ducts 
 central, oval, ihick-walled : cortical cells large, in a single 
 layer. Plants generally destroyed by drought and an- 
 nually reproduced from the prothallium. 
 
 23. S. cyclophyllum, Sulliv. Jk Lesq. Dia?eiou8 ; plants 
 ament-like, soft, prostrate- or erect and loosely cespitose, of a 
 whitish-glaucous color : leaves very large, round-ovate, flaccid, 
 very entire, with two rows of thin marginal cells, the utricles 
 long, flexuous, fibrillose, with minute pores along the borders ; 
 
 * 
 
Sphagnum.] 
 
 SPnAGNACEwB. 
 
 23 
 
 pcricha'tiul leaves oblon^-ov.ite, erose or truncate at the apex : 
 capsule globose, small, immersed in the lateral hud-like pericha*- 
 tium : male amenta upon short simple tufted branches. — Muse. 
 jJor.-Am. Exsicc. (ed. 1), n. 5; SuUiv. Mosses of U. States, 11, 
 Icon. 3Iusc. 13, t. 6, and Suppl. 16, t. 7 ; Lindb. Sj)hafx. !^0. 
 aV. ohtKsi/olinm, va". turf/ldum^ Hook. & Wils. in Drumm. 
 Muse. liSor.-Amer. (Coll. If.), n. 17. A', larichnim^ var. ci/cl<>- 
 phj/llnm, Lindb., in p.irt. ; Braithw. Sphag. 47, t. 8, fig. H. 
 
 IlAn. Growing in t.'fls in depressions in sandstone rocks or in sandy 
 ground in tlie mountains uf the Southern States from Alabama to Florida; 
 floating in deep swamps near New Orleans; southern New Jersey, where 
 it was discovered in fruit by Mr. Austin. 
 
 24. S. sedoides, Brid. Loosely cesj>itose, soft, purplish, 
 
 the branches very short, scattered, simple or mere bud-like 
 
 branchlets : leaves closely imbricated, oblong-ovate, obtuse, 
 
 denticulate at and below the apex, narrowly margined, the 
 
 utricles fibrillose, rarely porose : fruit unknown. — Bryol. Univ. 
 
 i. 750; SuUiv. Muse. Allegh. n. 208, Mosses of U. States, 12, 
 
 and Icon. Muse. 11, t. 6. S. Pi/laiei, var. sedoides, Lindb.; 
 
 Braithw. Sphag. 80, t. 28, B. Considered by Mueller (Syn. 
 
 i. 92) to be a young state of S. cynibifoUuni. 
 
 Had. Springy places, on Table Rock, South Carolina (Gray, Lesqiie- 
 reitx); Mount Marcy, New York {Torrey). 
 
 25. S. Fitzgeraldi, Renauld, In litt. Plants in short 
 compact whitish tufts; stems slender, with a single cortical 
 layer of large rectangular-elongated cellules ; branches single or 
 two together, short, arcuate or pendent : stem-leaves oblong or 
 obovate, truncate and dentate at the apex, auriculate at the base, 
 bordered by two row^s of very narrow cells ; the utricles fibrose, 
 without pores ; branch-leaves narrow, linear-oblong, truncate, 
 denticulate at the apex and along the bor<''ers to the mid<lle ; 
 the marginal cells and utricles as in the stem-leaves; ducts 
 medial, nearly square, much smaller than the utricles, but free 
 on the lower and upper surface : flowers and fruit unknown. 
 
 Hab. Florida, on decaying leaves of palmetto (C. IT. Fitzgerald). 
 
 Species allied to S. sedoides, Brid., differing in the stem-leaves, obovate 
 and auriculate at base, those of the branches narrow, nearly linear, den- 
 ticulate to the middle, truncate at the apex, and in the small square free 
 intermediate ducts. 
 
 26. S. Pylaesii, Brid. Dioecious, loosely cespitose, reddish 
 brown, more robust than the preceding ; branches solitary or 
 
24 
 
 SPIIAGXACE^. 
 
 [Sphagnum. 
 
 fascicled in twos or threes, short, arcuate, filiform : leaves of 
 the stem, branches and perichaetiura oblong-ovato, broadly 
 obtuse, entire or eroso at the apex : capsule small, globose, 
 immersed on short lateral branches : male plants more robust, 
 the aments in tl>e upper slightly inflated branches. — Bryol. 
 Univ. i. 749 ; SuUiv. Icon. Muse. 12, t. G, and Suppl. 15, t. G ; 
 Braithw. Si)hag. 85, t. 28, excl. var. tS. cymbifolium^ forma 
 jiwenilisy Muell. Syn. i. 92. S. aedoideSy var., Sulliv. & Lesq. 
 Muse. Bor.-Ara. Exsicc. (ed. 1), n. 4. 
 
 Had. Same as the preceding; stagnant marshes, Southern New 
 Jersey, in fruit {Auatin, J. Donnell Smith). 
 
 §8. Abnormia. Sterna and branch-leaves with porose cells and 
 no fibres. Plants of large size^ shining when dry, 
 
 27. S. macrophyllum, Bemh. Dioecious, very long, 
 generally floating, dark olive-green or brown ; stems solid, with 
 a double or triple layer of thick-walled transversely oval or 
 fiubquadrate cells ; branches in fascicles of 3 or 4, diverging 
 and spreading: stem-leaves small, ovate, enlarged at base, 
 tapering to an obtuse apex, entire ; branch-leaves rigid, nar- 
 rowly lanceolate, subulate, denticulate at the convolute apex, 
 the utricles long and fusiform, with pores in longitudinal rows 
 in the middle, the nearly circular thin-walled ducts central and 
 free on both sides : perichaetium lateral and tufted, with 
 oblong-lanceolate obtuse leaves, denticulate at the apex ; cap- 
 sule globose, short-pedicellate : spores sulphur-yellow, tetrahe- 
 dral and papillose : male flowers unknown. — Brid. Bryol. 
 Univ. i. 10 ; Sulliv. Muse. Allegh. n. 207, Mosses of U. States, 
 12, and Icon. Muse. 1, t. 1. ; Braithw. Sphag. 87, t. 29 ; Lindb. 
 Sphag. 72. 
 
 Var. Floridanum, Aust. Areolcs of the leaves twice as 
 long as in the normal form, with 40 to 70 minute pores in 
 two rows. — Bull. Torrey Club, vii. 15. S. cribroaum^ Lindb. 
 Sphag. 74. 
 
 Had. Swamps of the Southern States, from New Jersey to Florida, 
 rarely fruiting; the variety in Florida (Aaatiriy J. Donnell Smith). 
 
Andreoea.] 
 
 ANDRE^ACEiE. 
 
 26 
 
 Order IT. ANDRE^EACEiE. Sciiizocarpous Mosses. 
 
 Plants ascending from a prostrate rooting base, of dark color 
 and generally black, branching by innovations from under the 
 flower-bearing apex, and dichotomous. Leaves thickish, open 
 or falcate-secund, papillose or warty ; areolation circular or 
 hexagonal in the upi)er part, quadrate in the lower, sinuous- 
 vermicular at base. Flowers monoecious or ditecious, terminal, 
 gemniiform. Calyptra very thin, closely adherent. Capsule 
 oval, immersed in the large perichtetium before maturity and 
 then protruded by the elongation of the receptacle or vaginule, 
 splitting from the collum upward into 4 or rarely 6 e^ual seg- 
 ments, which cohere at the quadrangular apex. Spores small, 
 at first coherent by fours in glomerulcs. 
 
 Plants cespitose, growing on rocks in alpine or subalpine localities; all 
 the American species mona'cious. 
 
 1. ANDRE^A, Ehrh. (PI. 1.) 
 
 The only genus. Characters as of the Order. 
 
 1. A. petrophila, Ehrh. Leaves spreading, rarely secund, 
 ov.nte and oblong-lanceolate, concave, oblique at the hyaline 
 crenulate apex, papillose on the back, ecostate; porichaetial 
 leaves convolute, light-yellow. — Beitr. i. 192 ; Bryol. Eur. 
 
 j\J t, 628; Braithw. Brit. Moss-Fl., i. 6, t. 1, A. A. rupestris, 
 Hedw. 
 Had. Wet granitic rocks, on liigli mountains; very variable. 
 
 2. A. rupestris, Turn. Leaves erect, subimbricate at the 
 
 ovate base, open, linear-lanceolate, spreading, incurved or sub- 
 
 secund at the apex; costa depressed, excurrent; areolation 
 
 punctiform, striate. — Muse. Col. Hyb. Spec. 14 ; Bryol. Eur. 
 
 t. 631. Jungermannia ntpestris, Linn. Fl.-Suec. 1046. A. 
 
 liothii, Web. & Mohr ; Braithw. 1. c. 12, t. 2, A. 
 
 Hab. On rocks, with the preceding; common in the mountains of 
 Georgia and Carolina, descending to the plains nortlnvard. On gneiss 
 rocks near Yonkers, New York, on the borders of the Hudson (E. C. 
 Howe). 
 
T^ 
 
 ANDRE^ACEiE. 
 
 [Andreoea. 
 
 8. A. Crassinervia, Brucli. Stem prostrate, frngile : 
 leaves faleate-Heeuii<l, oblong at bjwe, abruptly laneeolate, 
 ciiHpiilate by the seiniterete excurrcnt costii, papillose i.t. the 
 apex; perichtetial leaves large: eapstile small, short-neeked. — 
 Denksehr. Aead. Mueiich. 1828, 27U, t. 10 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 683 ; 
 IJraithw. 1. c. 11, t. 1, C. 
 
 II Au. Mountains of New England {Oakea). 
 
 I 
 
 Ordeu III. BRYACE^. True Mosses. 
 
 Plants generally low and tufted, from a filiform prothallium, 
 with short, fleshy or hard, elongated, round or slightly com- 
 pressed, rarely angular stems, either rooting at base and erect, 
 bearing the organs of fructification at the apex (Acrocarpi) 
 and continued by innovationn from below the flowers, or pro- 
 cumbent and creej)ing, rooting at intervals through their whole 
 length, and bearing flowers on short lateral branches ( Clado- 
 carpi)^ or in buds at the axils of the leaves (Pleitrocarpi). 
 Leaves inserted at right angles to the stems, open-spreading or 
 oblique-erect, composed of a single layer of cells, rarely of two 
 or three, simple-nerved in the middle or binerved a* base or 
 nerveless. Flowers gemmaceous or inclosed in involucral 
 leaves (perichcetium and periffonmm), rarely discoid or ex- 
 posed to view, surrounded by open involucral leaves at the apex 
 of the stems, synojcious, autcecious, monoecious or dicecious. 
 Capsule globular, oblong, oval or cylindrical, traversed length- 
 wise by the columella, irregularly breaking around in the 
 middle at maturity for the emission of spores, or more gen- 
 erally opening at its upper part by a cover {operculum) de- 
 tached by the inflation of the cells of the annulus and ex- 
 posing the orifice, which is either naked {gymno8tome) or 
 surrounded by a simple or double peristome attached to the 
 inner border of the capsule. The simple or outer peristome is 
 composed of 4 to 32 teeth or more, coherent in pairs ; the 
 inner is formed of a yellowish pellucid membrane attached to 
 
BRYACEiE. 
 
 27 
 
 the inner Imsc of the toeth, dividinij^ above into 10 lanceolatu 
 (loiihle sc'j^nicnts, which arc carinatu on the outtiido hy the 
 cohesion of the segments their whole U'ngth, or cleft along 
 the (livisural line and <li»joine(l, or adhering merely hy pronii* 
 nent articulations and thus perforated on the keel ; segments 
 alternating with the teeth of the external peristome and often 
 separated by 1 to 3 HIiform articulate or more rarely transversely 
 laciniate or appendiculate cilia. Spores of one kind only, till- 
 ing the inner sac of the ca])8ule, dispersing at maturity and 
 producing by gennination the tiliform prothallium, from which 
 sprout the iiriniitive buds of the plants. 
 
 Systematio Arrangrement of Tribes and Qenera. 
 
 Seiuks I. AC^ROCAUPI. Flowers terminal, becoming lateral only 
 by innovations from under the flowers. 
 
 A. Dehiscence of the capsule Irregular, transverse. 
 
 Tribe I. PHASCE^fC. Plants minute. T,eaves soft, very loosely areo- 
 late. Capsule globular, iuunersed, suusessile or short-pedicellate. 
 
 • Plants bud-like, on a persistent prothallium. Leaves nerveless, except 
 
 in one species. 
 
 Calyptra minute, closely adhering. 1. Micromitrium. 
 
 Calyptra larger, campanulate. 2. Ephemerum. 
 
 « • Leaves distinctly nerved. Prothallium none. 
 
 Caulescent. Capsule globose, aplculate. 
 Calyptra campanulate. 
 
 Stemless. Capsule enclosed in a cluster of 
 imbricate concave leaves. 
 
 Caulescent. Capsule pedicellate. Calyptra 
 cucullate. 
 
 Plants larger; stems divided. Capsule ovate. 
 Calyptra cucullate. 
 
 Stemless. Leaves more closely areolate, mi- 
 nutely papillose on the back. 
 
 Ciiulescent. Capsule apophysate, except in 
 one species. Calyptra mitrate. 
 
 3. Physoomitrella. 
 
 4. Sphaerangium. 
 
 5. Phascum. 
 
 6. Pleuridium. 
 
 7. Miorobr3rum. 
 
 8. Bruchia. 
 0. Archidium. 
 
 Capsule globose. Calyptra irregularly torn. 
 Spores very large and few. 
 
 B> Capsule dehiscing by a deciduous operculum. 
 
 Tbide IL WEISIE^. Plants cespltose. Leaves simply costate; areo- 
 lation opaque, punctlform or quadrate, generally papillose in the 
 upper part, oblong-hexagonal, pellucid or chlorophyllose in the 
 
28 
 
 nilYACE.E. 
 
 lower. Operculum rostrate. Peristoiiio slinplo or none. Calyptra 
 ouculUte. 
 
 • rcrUtoine iionR. 
 
 Plants uniftll. C'apsiilo t'lecrt ; opiTOuluin 
 
 HlroHKly uillicn'iit. 
 riiiiilH liir},'t'r. Opoirulniii long-beaked, de- 
 
 (*1(|||<>IIH. 
 
 PlantN lar^is dieliotoniou^ly divided, as in 
 I'leurocurjtl, 
 
 • • Pciistonin simple, of 10 teeth, iiTegiilarly splitting ur perforated. 
 
 Plants small. Capsnlo lonjj-peilicelhito. 
 
 10. Astomum. 
 
 11. Qymnostomum. 
 
 12. AncBotangium. 
 
 Teeth transversely articnluie, entire or 
 perforated. 
 
 Plants lar^e. Perlolia'tltunslieathinj,'. Teeth 
 more d.stinctly articulate, entire or bltld at 
 apex. 
 
 Leaves soft, coarsely papillose, serrulate above. 
 Capsule slightly curved. 
 
 Leaves minutely papillose on both faces. Cap- 
 sule stria* e, erect. 
 
 Leaves minutely crenidate. Capsule short, 
 ovate, with a distinct collum regular or 
 strumose. Teeth irregularly split. 
 
 Leaves enlarged, sheathing at base, Irregidarly 
 serrulate. Teeth 2-y-cleft to the middle. 
 
 13. Weisia. 
 
 14. Dicranoweisia. 
 10. Oreoweisia. 
 
 10. Bhabdoweisia. 
 
 17. Cynodontium. 
 
 18. Dichodontium. 
 
 « « • Teeth regularly bifid to the mitldle (Dicranoid). Leaves smooth ; 
 basilar areolation quadrate, enlarged at the angles. 
 
 Leaves lanceolate-subulate. Capsule arcuate 
 with a long narrow collum. 
 
 Stems nearly simple, filiform. Capsule small, 
 erect, subglobose. 
 
 Plants small. Capsule cemuous. Segments 
 of the teeth filiform, granulose. 
 
 Plants large. Leaves spreading or secund, not 
 or scarcely sheathing; costa strong, more or 
 less dilated toward the base. 
 
 10. Trematodon. 
 
 20. Angstrcemia. 
 
 21. D^cranella. 
 
 22. Dicranum. 
 
 28. Dicranodontium. 
 24. Campylopus. 
 
 Leaves long, setae, ous-subulate, the upper 
 
 {)art filled by the broad costa ; basilar areo- 
 ation much enlarged, brown at the angles. 
 
 Capsule on a curved flexuous pedicel. Calyp- 
 tra cucullate, dilate at base. 
 
 Plants frondose. Leaves distichous, conduplioate in the lower part, alate 
 on the back, expanded above Into a simply costate lamina. Peri- 
 stome of Dlcramnn. {Subtrlbe Fissidente^.) 
 
 Frond-like; not aquatic. 25. Fissidens. 
 
 Plants slender, branching and floating. Leaves 
 distant. 26. Gonoxnitrium. 
 
 Plants soft, sponjiy, whitish yellow. Leaves thick, composed of three 
 superposed layers of cells, witli Intercellular simple narrow ducts. 
 {Subtribe IjEUCOBBYEiE.) 
 
 Peristome of Dicranum. 27. Leucobnruxn. 
 
DUYACE.B. 
 
 29 
 
 IVrUtoiiIp of 8 short tc«lh. 
 
 28. Ootoblepharum. 
 
 U'iivt'8 liinc»M)hito-Hul)uliito, Hftnpluj: at ha%o, o\m\, HpnwIlnR or dintl- 
 flit)UH; cojtlii Htroni;, iM'icuiiviit. Cumiih' oviiUi-rylliulrlcttI, «'n'«t 
 or liwlliUMl, lonK-i»«'.llcclliil«'. Twth of tlu' p.-rUumm l«», <llvl.l»'«l lo 
 
 noiir th« brt.s»( Into two «'(|iml slroiiKly iirtlciiliil*' m-jjiiii'iitJi, or Irrogu- 
 liirly split; noiit^ in Kunlh'hUi. {Snhtrihv ('i;u.vtoi»omk.e.) 
 LftRvm strongly cobiuie. CupsuU' ovute-oblonj?, 
 
 HtriatM. 
 Leaves lonK-snbiilatc from an oblong Nhoathing 
 
 Imne. Capsub! narrow, i-ylindrical. 
 Leaves dislieboiis, Hubulale from tbo balf- 
 
 claNpin^ base. 
 Leaves dlsticbous, {'anallculate-pUcatc, closely 
 
 Inibricatti. 
 
 Plants generally minute. Loavos open, narrow 
 
 tlie colliim, turbinate wben dry. l'«'ri8toine none, or simplu, and of 
 W smooth acute or obtuse teeth. {Sithlribc Ski.iukkik.k.) 
 
 Peristome none. 
 
 Plants small. Peristome of 10 teeth, solid, 
 without a divisural line. 
 
 Plants larije. Areolution of the leaves enlarged, 
 oranp;-colored at the basal angles. 
 
 Plants very small. Calyptra ndtriform. Teeth 
 liyaline-punutulatc. 
 
 Plants small; pedicel long, slender, geniculate. 
 Teeth subulate. 
 
 20. Geratodon. 
 ;i(). Triohodon. 
 lii. Distichium. 
 32. Eustiohia. 
 
 Capsule ere<!t, tumid at 
 
 'M. Anodus. 
 
 34. Seligeria. 
 
 35. Blindia. 
 30. Braohyodus. 
 37. Campy losteleum. 
 
 TiuuK II L POTTIE/E. Dranches fastlgiate by Innovations. Leavea 
 with a parenehymatose (|ua(irate-h<!.\ai!onal areolation, papillose 
 and chloropliyllose in the upi^er part, dilated and hyaline at base. 
 Capsule erect, narrowly ova' or cylindrical. Peristome rarely 
 abs<nit, generally of 10 Hat membranous teeth, sometimes simple or 
 rudimentary, mostly split to the base into 32 terete filiform 
 obscurely articulate segments. 
 
 Capsule immersed. Peristome none. 
 
 Capsule erect, pedicellate. Peristome none or 
 imperfect, of 10 flat teeth. 
 
 Teeth slender, linear-lanceolate, confluent at 
 base, entire or cleft above. 
 
 Leaves lanceolate-subulate, glossy. Teeth 
 cleft to the base into two linear unequal 
 segments. 
 
 Leaves gradually lengthening from the base 
 upward. Teeth cleft to the base into two 
 equal very papillose, half-terete segments, 
 entire or irregularly interrupted. 
 
 Leaves ovate or obovate. Segments subterote 
 or tetragonal-filiform, free or irregularly 
 transversely connate, erect or slightly twisted 
 to the left. Columella projecting beyond the 
 orifice. 
 
 Teeth divided to the base Into long filiform 
 segments, twisted to the left, borne upon a 
 more or less elongated tessellate membrane. 
 
 38. Pharomitrium. 
 
 30. Pottia. 
 
 40. Didymodon. 
 
 4L Leptotrichum. 
 
 42. Trichostomum. 
 
 43. Desmatodon. 
 
 44. Barbula. 
 
I ^ 
 
 # 
 
 80 
 
 DRYACE.E. 
 
 TiiiiiE IV. (HIIMMIK.E. IMantu tufU'tl or nulvlimto. Loavea short, 
 Holld, ofloii |)llif«'roiiH-nciiiiilniit«t; urcolutioiMlt'iiH*', oliHcuro, niincti- 
 form, iiilniitt'ly roiinil-qiiuitnit*; ami cliloroiilivlloHf iibovo. (/npNtile 
 rcKuliir, on a Ntrai;{lit or an-ual«> pfiliccl. T«>i>tli Kl, tratiNVfrm'ly 
 
 Calyptra cucul- 
 
 4n. Cinolidotus. 
 
 •ly 
 
 artl«!iilal«, «'iitln% orlhroso or variously cN-ft, rin<'ly alm»Mit. Calyptra 
 K<!ii(!raily iiiltrlforiii, soiiiutliiivH spill on unu aidu ur luUiU. 
 
 riants lloatiuK in lon^ tufts, 
 late. Teeth caiu'ellat*'. 
 
 l.cavoH hftlr-pointed. (Jalyptra lohatc-mltratp. 
 Capsule enierxiuK on an arcuate pedicel; 
 teeth cribrose or lacunosc;. 
 
 I'lants ptdvinato. Capsule inunersed. 
 Teeth cribrose. 
 
 Lid persistent. 
 
 Capsule immersed. 
 Teeth ;12. 
 
 Capsule on a short ctirved pedicel. Teeth 
 none, or cleft or perforated. 
 
 Capsulft erect on a straijiht pedicel. 
 
 Plants large. Calyntra niitriform-subulatc. 
 Teeth Irregularly cleft to below the middle, 
 or to the base Into two Hliform segments. 
 
 Leaves hyaline, ciliate at apex. Capsule im- 
 mersed. Peristome none. 
 
 Capsule long-pedlcelle 1, pyrlfonn or turbinate. 
 
 40. Qrimmia. 
 
 Subgen. SrhhtlUlttm. 
 Subgen. SeouleHa. 
 
 Subgen. Gnfttcrnfirimmia. 
 Subgen. Gnmbella, 
 
 47. Racomitrium. 
 
 48. Hedwififia. 
 40. Braunia. 
 
 Tribe V. ORTIIOTHICITE/E. Plants tufted. Leaves of close texture, 
 as In Grlmnila. Calyptra mitriform (cucullate in n. 5;) and 54), 
 plicate, often hairy. Peristome rarely absent, simple or double, 
 the outer of H bigendnate or l(t gendnate flat short lanceolate entire 
 or ])*>rforated teeth, the inner of 8 or 10 simple tlUforui cilia or 
 lanceolate segments. 
 
 Calyptra covering the capsule to the base. 
 Teeth cribrose. 
 
 Calvptra covering the capsule to the middle. 
 Teeth narrowly lanceolate. 
 
 Calyptra covering the capsule to below the 
 base, plicate and cleft at base. Teeth entire. 
 
 Capsule striate, urceolate. Calyptra cucullate. 
 
 Calyptra large, cuculliform. Teeth short, 
 truncate. 
 
 Leaves long, flexuous, crisp when dry. Calyp- 
 tra hairy. 
 
 Leaves shorter, striate when dry. Capsule 
 mostly immersed, 8-10-strlate. Calyptra 
 campanulate, naked or hairy. 
 
 Calyptra campanulate, plicate, laciniate at 
 base. 
 
 Calyptra campanulate, not plicate. Teetli 
 spirally revolute. 
 
 Calyptra very large, cylindrtcal-campanulate, 
 covering tlie whole capsule. 
 
 Calyptra twisted, persistent, plicate, con- 
 stricted at base, enclosing the capsule. 
 Peristome none. 
 
 00. Oosoinodon. 
 
 51. Ptyohomitrium. 
 
 52. Gl3rphomitrium. 
 
 53. Amphoridium. 
 
 54. Drumxnondia. 
 
 55. Ulota. 
 
 56. Orthotrichum. 
 
 57. Macromitrium. 
 
 58. Schlotheimia. 
 
 59. Encalypta. 
 
 60. Calymperes. 
 
DRYACE.B. 
 
 rftlypfmrurtilljitr»-<llmltll»te. Perlstoinoof Ifl 
 horizontul Uuttli. 
 
 81 
 
 ni. Byrrhopodon. 
 
 TuiiiK VI. TKTUArillDK.K. IMtiiitN ti.itiMl. L<>uv«>n niitl arcuintlon 
 nearly iiH in ltryvn'. l'«>riAl(>ti>«'(>(iiii|H)m>(l of tliu cfllulur purl uflhc 
 )iil, (ilviUutI liitu 4 broadly lttii(*u(ilat«! u>(>tli. 
 
 CniilfHCt'iit. Culyptra thin, whlU;, ruddUli iit 
 
 npfx. 
 Stftnlt'Nfl. Culyptra covering thu oapitnlo to 
 
 Ihu baHti. 
 
 (12. Tetraphis. 
 <».'5. Tetrodontium. 
 
 TimiK VII. DISOKLIK.'E. Plnntn p>nnnlf<>rni, v«>ry nnmll. Lnivon not 
 coHtate. CupHuiu uvul, p'!ilicvllalu. i'uriatouie uf 10 siniplu teeth, 
 Hpllt at haHe. 
 
 Character of the Tribe. (M. DiflO liuia. 
 
 Tbibk VIII. SCIIISTOS'IKGK.K. lMant» annnal, from a colored pro- 
 tliHllinni, delicate, dlniorpbnu.s; th«> sterile frondiforni, with leaves 
 verticlllate and continent ut bane; the fertile frontlifonn In the lower 
 nart only, with apical (lowers anil a few nUnute horizontally tufted 
 leaves. Capsule siuaii. reristoiuu none. 
 
 Single genus. 
 
 (15. Sohistostega. 
 
 TuuiK IX. SPLACIINE^. Plants and leaves of soft loose texture. Male 
 (lowers discoid. Capsule with an apophysis varying in shape and 
 size. 
 
 » Calyptra niitriform. Apophysis not discolored by age. 
 
 Leaves ovate or si)atiilatc, obtuse. Peristome 
 of 10 sliort or truncate teeth. 00. Dissodoxi. ^ 
 
 Leaves long, spatulate-acuminate. Teeth of 
 tl>e peristome long, attached below the ori- 
 fice of the capsule. 07. Tayloria. 
 
 « « Calyptra small, conic, entire or cucullate. Apophysis discolored 
 
 by age. 
 
 Leaves more densely reticulate. Teeth solid, 
 bigeminate. 08. Tetraplodon. 
 
 Leaves tufted; areolatlon very loose. Apo- 
 physis enlarged after maturity, becoming 
 subgloboae and colored. 00. Splachnum. 
 
 Tbibr X. PHYSCOMITRTEiE. Plants short, soft. Leaves large ; areo- 
 latlon very large, hyaline. Capsule rarely symmetrical, generally 
 cernnous and gibbons. Peristome absent or of 10 teetli, inclined to 
 the right, with an Inner membrane divided into irregiUar segments 
 or rudimentary. 
 
 Calyptm large, tetragonal, enfolding the cap- 
 sule. 
 
 Capsule subglobose, splitting In the middle at 
 maturity without decoloration on the line of 
 separation. 
 
 Capsule pyrlform, regularly dehiscent; orifice 
 narrow. Peristome none. 
 
 Capsule cernnous or pyriform. Peristome of 
 10 articulate teeth. 
 
 70. Pyramidiila. 
 
 71. Aphanorhegma. 
 
 72. Physcomitriuxn. 
 
 73. Entosthodon. 
 
82 
 
 BUYACE^. 
 
 Capsule cernuous, or erect at base, curved 
 above. Peristome of 16 teetb ciirved to tbe 
 rigbt, witli an internal membrane rudi- 
 mentary or divided into segments. 
 
 74. Funaria. 
 
 Tkibe XI. BAKTRAMIE^. Leaves papillose on botb faces; areolation 
 minute, quadrate in tbe ujiper part of tbe leaves. Capsule nearly 
 spbcrical, cernuous, ribbed wbeu dry. Teristome none, simple or 
 double. 
 
 Stems erect, tomentose, with dichotomous 
 brancbes. Teetb of tbe peristome, wben 
 formed, attacbed to tbe basilar membrane 
 above tbe orifice. 
 
 Plants small. Leaves 5-ra,nked, Imbricate. 
 Teetb of tbe peristome connivent in a cone. 
 
 Plants long, brandling in dicbotomous inno- 
 vations and fasciculate brancblets. 
 
 75. Bartramia. 
 
 76. Gonostomum. 
 
 77. Philoaotis. 
 
 TiiiBE XII. MEESIE^. Leaves 3-8-ranked. Capsule long-pedicellate 
 and long-necked, cernuous. Peristome double; oiUer teeth much 
 shorter than tbe 16 segments of the carinate membrane, absent in 
 Catoscopiam. 
 
 Capsule very small, globose, thick, black. 
 Teeth of tbe peristome short. 
 
 Leaves thin, remote, very loosely areolate, 
 pellucid. 
 
 Areolation of the leaves small, rectangular, 
 chlorophyllope. 
 
 Stems nearly simple. Leaves abruptly re- 
 flexed from tbe middle. Peristome of 
 Webera, 
 
 78. Catoscopium. 
 
 79. Amblyoaon. 
 
 80. Meesia. 
 
 81. Paludella. 
 
 Tribe XIII. BRYEJE. Plants of various size. Leaves simply costate, 
 generally dentate ; areolation equal, smooth. Capsule globose, ovate 
 or pyriform, cernuous, horizontal or pendent, very rarely erect. 
 Peristome generally double; teetb transversely barred; inner mem- 
 brane divitled into segments alternaMng with the teeth, generally 
 separated by cilia. 
 
 Peristome simple. Teeth narrowly linear, 
 with nodose articulation. 
 
 Leaves narrow, subulate. Capsule long- 
 necked. Peristome double. Cilia appen- 
 diculatt. 
 
 Leaves lanceolate, glossj', thinly costate: are- 
 olation narrow, linear-hexagonal. Capsule 
 short-necked. Inner membrane broad ; cilia 
 smooth. 
 
 Capsule thinner, long-necked, horizontal. 
 Inner membrane narrow : segments en- 
 tire; cilia none or very short. 
 
 Cellules of the areolation rhombic-hexagonal, 
 loose, solid. Capsule pyriform, mostly reg- 
 ular. Teeth of tbe peristome lobed; seg- 
 ments adtiering to the peristome or free; 
 cilia fragmentary; or 2 or 3, generally ap- 
 pendiculate. — Inner peristome free ; mem- 
 
 82. Mielichhoferia. 
 
 83. Leptobryum. 
 
 84. Webera, proper 
 
 Subgen. Pohlia. 
 
BRYACE^. 
 
 83 
 
 brane large; segments perfect, with 2 or 3 
 ai>|>endiculate cilia. 
 Cilia and segments adhering to the teeth. 
 
 Cilia and segments free; cilia more or less 
 perfect. 
 
 riants large. Comal leaves rosulate. 
 Flowers dioecious, discoid. 
 
 Leaves soft, greenish white. Capsule very 
 long-necked, recur ed. 
 
 Plants and leaves large. Upper leaves rosu- 
 late ; areolation very large, round-hexagonal. 
 
 Tcctli of the peristome short, adhering to a 
 long cupuliform reticulated inner mem- 
 brane pierced at top by the columella. 
 
 Leaves long, solid. Capsule obconical, cer- 
 nuous, enlarged at the orilice. Peristome 
 double, perfect. 
 
 Capsule erect, cylindrical-oblong. Teeth long; 
 uiembrai 3 short, entire or divided into seg- 
 ments; cilia none. 
 
 Plants radiculcse-tomentose. Leaves densely 
 areolate. Capsule oblong, cernuous. Peri- 
 stome of J/n/Hm. (Suhtribe Aulacomnie^e.) 
 
 Leaves subequal ; areolation round-hexagonal, 
 papillose in the upper part. Capsule oblong, 
 huri/.(>ntal, obscurely striate. Peristome 
 double; outer teeth connate at base; inner 
 membrane divided into nodose filiform ap- 
 pend iculate segments or cilia united in 
 fours. (SubtribeTiiAJtiiEJE.} 
 
 85. Bnnim, proper. 
 Subgen. Ftychostomum. 
 
 Subgen. Cladodiitm. 
 
 Subgen. Rhodobryum. 
 
 80. Zieria. 
 
 87. Mniuzn. 
 
 88. Cinclidium. 
 
 89. Bhizogonium. 
 00. Leptotheca. 
 91. Aulacomnium. 
 
 92. Timmia. 
 
 Tribe XIV. POLYTRICIIE-^. Plants woody, 
 late inside. Peristome simple, of 32 or 04 
 adliering to the membranous enlarged top of 
 
 Leaves not sheathing at base. Calyptra cu- 
 cullate, spinulose at the apex only. Peri- 
 stome of 32 teeth. 
 
 Leaves subtubulose at apex. Calyptra large, 
 sparsely hairy. Capsule thin. Teeth ir- 
 regular. 
 
 Calyptra very narrow, smooth. Capsule oval- 
 globose, incurved and laterally compressed. 
 
 Leaves thick, clasping at base; lamellte cover- 
 ing tlie whole lamina. Capsule cylindrical- 
 oblong. 
 
 Plants large. Capsule quadrate or hexagonal 
 on a short subglobose apophysis. Teeth 04. 
 
 Leaves thick, lamel- 
 solid linguiform teeth, 
 the columella. 
 
 93. Atrichum. 
 
 94. 
 
 95. 
 
 CO. 
 
 97. 
 
 Oligrotrichum. 
 Psilopilum. 
 
 Poeronatum. 
 Polytrichum. 
 
 Tribe XV. BUXBAUMIE^. StemJess plants with large oblique 
 venlricose capsules. Peristome double, the outer rudimentary, the 
 inner membranous, twisted into a 10-32-plicate truncate cone. 
 
 Basilar leaves lingulate. Capsule yellowish 
 
 green, gibbous-ovate, 98. Diphiscillin. 
 
 Leaves dcntate-ciliate, not costate. Capsule 
 
 solid, blackish. 99. Buzbavunia. 
 
r^ 
 
 84 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 Seuies II. CLADOCAllPI. Fruit terminal on short lateral branches. 
 
 TuiDE XVI. FONTINALE^. Aquatic plants, rootinc; at base only, 
 floating. Leaves thin. Flowers (li(Kclous. Calyptra cucuilate. 
 Teeth of the double peristome linear; inner membrane divided 
 into long cilia forming a latticed cone by transverse partitions, or 
 the cilia free, longer than the teeth, appendiculate. 
 
 Cilia united into a cone by transverse parti- 
 tions. 100. Fontinalis. 
 
 Cilia simple or appendiculate, latticed in the 
 upper part only. 101. Dichelyma. 
 
 Sehiks III. PLEUROCARPI. Fruit lateral, seSiiile upon the stems 
 or branches. Flowers in axillary buds. 
 
 Tbide XVII. NECKERE^. Primary stems creeping; the secondary 
 erect or creeping, with dichotomous or pinnate branches. Leaves 
 smooth, minutely areolate. Capsule generally immersed in the 
 pericluetium. Calyptra cucullate-conical, often hairy. Peristome 
 simple or double, rarely absent. 
 
 Peristome double; teeth linear-lii' '?"■ r^ ; 
 segments very narrow, linear; cilia none. 
 Calyptra rough or papillose. 102. Gryphsea. 
 
 Peristome simple. Vaginule and calyptra 
 hairy. 103. Leptodon. 
 
 Secondary stems dendroid ; paraphyllia multi- 
 form. Peristome double; segments long- 
 linear, enlarged and carinate at base, with 
 or without cilia. 104. Alsia. 
 
 Plants erect or pendent. Leaves flat, glossy. 
 Peristome double; inner membrane divided 
 into filiform segments. 
 
 105. Neckera. 
 
 Plants distichous. Leaves diverging side- 
 wise, cultriform. Capsule long-pedicellate. 
 Peristome double. 
 
 Plants long, pendent. Leaves cordate-clasp- 
 ing. Peristome double. 
 
 106. Homalia. 
 10;. ls,.eteorium. 
 
 i t 
 
 Tribe XVIII. LEUCODONTEJE. Primary stein ' eeping; the sec- 
 ondary erect or pendent, simple or ramose, leaves solid, sub- 
 scarious, plicate lengthwise; areolat'on in distinct rows, punctiform- 
 angular. Calyptra large, cucuilate. 
 
 Leaves decurrent, not costate. Peristome 
 simple; teeth distantly articulate, 2-3-cleft 
 at apex. 
 
 Leaves slightly papillose on the back. Peri- 
 stome double. Teeth short ; segments short, 
 imperfect ; cilia none. 
 
 Leaves scarious, glossy; areolation very small, 
 smooth. Calyptra sparingly hairy. Peri- 
 stome double ; segments half as long as the 
 teeth. Cilia none. 
 
 108. Leucodon. 
 
 109. Pterigynandrum. 
 
 110. Pterogronium. 
 
BRYACE.E. 
 
 85 
 
 Calyptra smooth. Peristome double. Teeth 
 narrowly lanceolate-subulate; sejiments 
 shorter than the teeth, subulate; basilar 
 membrane none. 
 
 111. Antitrichia. 
 
 TitHJE XIX. HOOKERIE/E. Plants small, soft, hypnoid; areolation 
 large. Calyptra conical-mitrate. Peristome double. 
 
 Leaves bicostate, often margined, more or less 
 distinctly serrate. 112. Hookeria. 
 
 Loaves plane, large, very obtuse, not costate; 
 areolation very large. 113. Pteryfifophyllum. 
 
 TiUDE XX. FABRONIE^. Plants very small. Leaves thin, delicate, 
 ciliate-dentate or entire. Capsule pyrifonn, with a distinct collum. 
 Calyptra cucuUate, split on one side^ Peristome simple or none. 
 
 Leaves delicate, not costate, dentate-ciliate. 
 Calyptra thin. 
 
 Plants more robust. Leaves entire, thinly 
 costate to tlie middle. Peristome double; 
 segments shorter than the teeth. 
 
 Plants very small. Leaves squarrose when 
 moist, entire. Peristome simple. 
 
 Plants minute. Leaves minutely serrulate 
 above. Capsule thin, constricted under the 
 orifice. Teeth of the simple peristome very 
 irregular. 
 
 114. Fabronia. 
 
 115. 
 
 IIG. 
 
 Anacamptodon. 
 Habrodon. 
 
 117. Clasmatodon. 
 
 Tribe XXL LESKEACEiE. Primary stems creeping. Leaves soft, 
 areolation minute, hexagonal, papillose and chlorophyllose above, 
 hexagonal-rectangular below. Capsule symmetrical, erect or ciu'vcd. 
 Peristome double; teeth linear-lanceolate, subulate; segments 
 shorter than the teeth; cilia none or rudimentary, rarely perfect. 
 
 Plants glaucous yellow. Leaves pellucid; 
 cells conspicuously papillose. Capsule cy- 
 lindrical, erect; membrane broad, cariuate, 
 without segments. 
 
 Branches julaceous. Leaves glaucous green, 
 closely iu'bricate. Capsule suberect, long- 
 pedicellate, inflated at the collum. Peri- 
 stome doul))e, perfect. 
 
 Plants small. Leaves soft, costate, papillose 
 on both faces (except in one species). Cap- 
 sule oblong, erect or subarcuate, thin. Seg- 
 ments of the peristome narrow, linear; cilia 
 none. 
 
 Leaves with a minute chlorophyllose pimcti- 
 form obscure areolation, papillose on both 
 faces. Capsule erect, cylindrical-oblong, 
 regular. Teeth pale; segments short, nar- 
 rowly linear. 
 
 118. Thelia. 
 
 119. Myurella. 
 
 120. Tjeskea. 
 
 121. Anomodon. 
 
 Tkibe XXIL ORTHOTHECIE^. Plants in wide yellow mats. Leaves 
 smooth; areolation narrowly rhomboidal or linear, quadrate at the 
 basal angles. Capsule erect, symmetrical. Peristome double. 
 
86 
 
 BRYACEuE. 
 
 '!:' 
 
 Leaves densely crowded, glossy, not costate. 
 Calyptra dimidiate, long, twisted. Seg- 
 ments of the peristome narrowly linear, as 
 long as the teeth ; cilia none. 
 
 Leaves spreading or subsecund, not costate, 
 glossy. Teeth of the iieristoine hyaline- 
 bordered; segnjenls linear-subulate, longer 
 than the teetli; cilia rudimentary. 
 
 Leaves long, thinly costate. Calyptra hairy. 
 Capsule soft, regular. Membrane narrow; 
 segments shorter than the teeth, with or 
 without cilia. 
 
 Plants large, more or less compressed. Leaves 
 costate, entire. Cupsule cylindrical, long- 
 pedicellate. Teeth distantly articulate ; seg- 
 ments very narrowly linear; cilia none. 
 
 Plants large, dendroid. Leaves in two forms, 
 S(iuamiform on the stems. Calyptra long, 
 dimidiate, clasping the top of the pedicel. 
 Capsule oblong-cylindrical, long and long- 
 pedicellate. Segments as long as the teeth, 
 cleft to the base; cilia none. 
 
 Plants yellow. Leaves sulcate, not costate. 
 Capsule erect or slightly incurved. Teeth 
 of the peristome hyaline-bordered ; segments 
 as long, linear; cilia short or none. 
 
 122. FlatyerTrinm. 
 
 123. Pylaisia. 
 
 124. Homalothecium. 
 
 125. Cylixidrothecium. 
 
 126. Glimacium. 
 
 127. Orthothecium. 
 
 Tribe XXIIL HYPNEtE. Plants of very variable habit. Leaves of 
 diverse forms, spreading or squarrose, rarely erect, often secund or 
 falcate, with or without costa or bicostateat base, generally scarious, 
 smooth and glossy ; areolation parenchymatous, more or less nar- 
 rowed, sometimes very narrow and vermicular, quadrate and en- 
 larged at the basal angles. Vaginule attached to a perichsetial 
 generally rooting branchlet. Calyptra cucullate. Capsule long- 
 pedicellate, cernuous or horizontal, more or less Incurved. Peri- 
 stome double, generally perfect, with 2 or 3 cilia appendiculate or 
 articulate. — A single genus, represented in this work by nearly 2(X) 
 species, divided into 28 subgenera, which are considered as genera 
 by most recent bryologists. 128. Hypnum. 
 
 'M 
 
 Series I. ACROCARPI. 
 
 Fruit terminal, becoming lateral only when thrown aside by 
 innovations from under the flowers. 
 
 A. CLEISTOCARPI. — Capsule falling off with the pedicel 
 or from it at maturity, dehiscing irregularly transversely in the 
 middle for the emission of the spores. 
 
 Tribe I. PHASCE^. 
 
 Plants very small, soft. Leaves loosely areolate. Capsule 
 globular, immersed, subsessile or short-pedicellate. 
 
Ephemerum.] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 87 
 
 1. Plants stemless^from a more or leas persistent prothallium. 
 
 1. MIOROMITRIUM, Aust. 
 
 Plants scarcely visible without the glass. Leaves ecostate. 
 Inflorescence syncecious. Capsule globose, apieulate or )>oint- 
 less. Calyptra very small, closely adherent. Spores few, large. 
 
 Scarcely distinct from Ephemerum. 
 
 1. M. megalosporum, Aust. Leaves broadly ovate 
 lanceolate, obtusely serrate : capsule pale, globose, apiculate \ 
 vaginule large, ovate, truncate ; calyptra concentric : spores 
 nearly smooth. — Muse. Appal, n. 47 ; SuUiv. Icon. Muse. Supr/i. 
 20, 1. 11. Ephemerum tenerum^ Bruch ; Bryol. Eur. 1. 1. Nano- 
 mitrium tenenim^ Lindb. Manip. Muse. ii. 409. 
 
 Had. On broken clayey ground, with the following; very rare {Austin). 
 
 2. M. Austini, Aust. Leaves open, recurved, lingulate- 
 lanceolate, remotely serrate in the upper part : capsule apicu- 
 late; calyptra concentric: spores slightly papillose, of J the 
 diameter of the preceding. — Muse. Appal, n. 45; Sulliv. Icon. 
 Muse. Suppl. 21, t. 12. Ejyhemeriim Austini, Sulliv. Ms. 
 
 Had. Wet ground in woods; Closter, New Jersey (Austin). 
 
 3. M. synoicum, Aust. Much like the last : leaves longer, 
 more distant, erect, obscurely serrulate: capsule pointless, 
 sometimes in pairs in the same perickaetium ; calyi)tra gen- 
 erally excentric or on one side of the caj)sule : spores a little 
 smaller and papillose. — Muse. Appal, n. 46; Sulliv. Icon. 
 Muse. Suppl. 22, t. 13. Ei)hemeriim synoicum^ James, Trans.. 
 Am. Phil. Soc. (1865), 106 ; Sulliv. & Lesq. Muse. Bor.-Am. 
 (2 ed.), n. 27. 
 
 Had. Sides of ditches in clayey ground near Camden, New Jersey,, 
 and around Philadelphia (James). 
 
 2. EPHEMERUM, Hampe. 
 Pseudo-dicecious. Flowers gemmiform ; female buds gre- 
 garious upon the same prothallium. Calyptra campanulate. 
 Capsule globose-ovate, apiculate. Leaves nerved, except in the 
 first species. Plants slightly stouter. 
 
 * Leaves not costate. 
 1- E. Serratum, Hampe. Prothallium dark green : leaves 
 oblong or lanceolate-acuminate, coarsely and irregularly serrate 
 
88 
 
 BRYACEiE. 
 
 [Ephemerum. 
 
 or Hubciliatc: capsule dark purple, shlninj^. — Linnroa, xii. 552; 
 IMucll. Syn. i. 31 ; Hryol. Eur. 1. 1. Phasciun serratum, Schreb. 
 Phase. 1>, t. 2; Sulliv. Mosses of U. States, 14. 
 
 Var. angUStifolium, Sehimp. Leaves narrower, linear- 
 lanceolate, obtusely and distantly serrate: ca[>sule smaller, 
 lonjjjer pedicellate, jjjlobose-ovate to conical, more distinctly 
 apiculate : spores smaller. — ^jj/iemerum miniUisaimiim^ Lindb. 
 Manip. Muse. ii. 411. 
 
 IIah. Broken fields, on the ground, in winter or early spring. 
 Closter, New Jersey (Aii»tin)\ California (liolander). The variety at 
 Camhridge, Massachusetts (James), and at the Carlton House, Saskatch- 
 ewan {Dnwimond). 
 
 * * Leaves coatate. 
 
 2. E. crassinervium, Ilampe. Leaves long, lanceolate, 
 subulate, flexuous, erect, more or less coarsely and irregularly 
 serrate on the borders toward the apex and on the back of the 
 costa, which is flatter and often disappears at the base, but is 
 continuous to the apex : ca])8ule short-pedicellate : spores large, 
 j)apillose. — Muell. Syn. i. 33 ; Sulliv. Icon. Muse. 17, t. 8. 
 Phuscum crassinervinm^ Schwaeg. Suppl. i. 4, t. 2; Sulliv. 
 Mosses of U. States, 14. 
 
 Had. Moist clay ground and open fields; common and very variable. 
 
 3. E. spiliulosum, Bruch & Sehimp. Differs from the 
 last in the narrow very soft leaves having the costa (loosely 
 areolate and effaced near the base) excurrent into a long soft 
 hyaline spinulose arista, and in the loosely areolate membrane 
 of the capsule. — Sehimp. Syn. 6, and Proc. Am. Acad. xiv. 
 139. Phascum crassinervium^ var. (?), Sulliv. 1. c, 14. 
 
 Had. Same as the preceding. 
 
 4. E. papillosum, Aust. Closely allied to E. crassiner- 
 vium^ differing in the narrower leaves, with equally distant 
 serratures and papillose on both sides, and in the mitriform 
 calyptra, distinctly papillose. — Muse. Appal, n. 50 ; Sulliv. 
 Icon. Muse. Suppl. 19, t. 10. 
 
 Had. On tliin soil, upon rocks; Palisades, New Jersey {Austin). 
 
 5. E. hystrix, Lindb. Plants larger : leaves slightly ex- 
 ceeding the capsule, open-erect or subsecnnd, rigid, canaliculate- 
 carinate, narrowly lanceolate-subulate, very acute, long-spinu- 
 lose upon both sides and on the margins ; costa thick, not dis- 
 tinctly defined, continuous, nearly filling the subulate point: 
 
rhyftcomltrella.] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 39 
 
 cajisuU' scssilo, larj^o, jjloboso, very shortly conic-rostollate ; 
 
 calvptra minutely papillose: Hpores very lar<;e, minutely tuher- 
 
 culate. — Manip. Muse. ii. 411. Phdsaim sernttinn, var. att- 
 
 (jttstlfoliiini^ Drumm. Muse. Hor.-Am. (Coll. II.) n. 2, in part. 
 
 IIah. Louisiana, with E. sinnnlnnum {Drunnnond}. 
 Tills species, like the two preeediiiji, is apparently only a marked 
 variety of the polynioq)hous and connnon K. croHHinercittm. 
 
 0. E. COhSSrenS, Muell. Prothallium thin, yellowish 
 green : leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate, denticulate above ; 
 costa effaced at base, continuous upward to the apex : capstilo 
 subglobose with a short obtuse |>oint, purplish brown. — !Syn. 
 i. 'S'2 ; liryol. Eur. t. 1. Phascum cohwrens,, Iledw. Sp. Muse. 
 25, t. 1, tigs. 1-G ; SuUiv. Mosses of U. States, 15. 
 
 IIah. Clay banks along streams, common and variable. 
 
 7. E. Stenophyllum, Schimp. Leaves erect, narrowly 
 lanceolate-subulate, serrate or nearly entire at the apex ; costa 
 loosely areolate, scarcely distinct except toward the apex where 
 it passes into a short entire jwint ; cells chlorophyllose. — 
 Syn. (1 ed.), 5. Phascum stenojjhi/llum^ Voit. Ji\ sessile^ 
 Muell.; Bryol. Eur. t. 2; Sulliv., 1. c, 14. £J. jKillidum^ 
 Schimp. Syn. (2 ed.), 5 ; recorded as sent by Sullivant in 1842. 
 
 Had. On clay soil, Ohio; Closter, New Jersey (Austin). 
 
 2. Plants with short stems : prothallium none, 
 
 3. PHYSOOMITRELLA, Schimp. 
 Stems radiculose at base. Leaves spreading or reflexed, nar- 
 rowly costate, dentate. Capsule thin, soft, globose. Calyptra 
 campanulate, fugacious, vesicular when young. 
 
 1. P. patens, Schimp.* Plants subcespitose, pale green: 
 stem very short : leaves ovate-lanceolate, the upper obovate- 
 
 • Apuaxokeoma SEunATUM, Sulliv., differs from this species only in 
 the regular dehiscence of the capsule, which di 'ides in the middle and is 
 therefore considered as operculate or stegocarpous, though no decoloration 
 nor any kind of modification of texture is observable on the line of dis- 
 ruption. But for this regular dehiscence Aphanoregma should be de- 
 scribed here merely as a variety of Physconiitrella patens. It Is there- 
 fore a remarkable connecting link between the EphemereiB and the 
 Physcomitriece, which resemble each other also in the areolation of the 
 leaves. It is from these considerations that Lindberg and some other 
 
p 
 
 wm 
 
 40 
 
 BUYACEiE. 
 
 [Sphccrnnylum. 
 
 acuminate, rosuliito, serrate above, coHtate to near the apex : 
 antheri<lia HeHHile in the axil uf a leaf, or in young |)lant8 termi- 
 nal in the hxuU and becoming lateral by the growth of the 
 female flower: capHule immersed, or )>e«licellate and exserted. — 
 Bryol. Eur. t. 8. J^/iaacum j^atens^ lledw. Stir]>. Crypt, i. 28, 
 t. 10; Sulliv. Mosses of IT. States, 15. 
 
 IIah. Wet clayey or sandy ground in bottoms, on the banks of rivers, 
 etc. ; uot rare in Ohio. 
 
 4. SPH^RANGIUM, Schimp. 
 
 Plants gemraiforra, very small, gregtirious or irregularly 
 loosely cespitose. Lower leaves very small, the upper very 
 large, subconvolutc-imbricated or clustered in a small bulb- 
 like head, concave or carinate, costate, minutely papillose on 
 the back or on both sides. Male and female flowers cohering, 
 or rooting as distinct plants. Capsule either short-pedicellato 
 and erect or on a longer slender curved pedicel, sj>herical, 
 enclosed in the perichajtium. Calyptra erect, very small, 
 mitriforra. Spores small, subglobose, minutely granulose, 
 brown. 
 
 1. S. muticum, Schimp. Plant yellowish brown : lower 
 and middle leaves ovate-acuminate, move or less recurved at the 
 apex and mucronate by the excurrent costa ; upper leaves two, 
 rarely three, twice as large as the lower, mucronate by the 
 excurrent recurved costa or irregularly erose at the apex : cap- 
 sule short-pedicellate, erect, slightly mamillate at top, orange. 
 — Syn. Muse. 13. Phaaciim muticum^ Schreb. Phase, t. 1, 
 fig. 11, 12 ; Sulliv. Mosses of IT. States, 15. Acaulon mtiticum^ 
 Muell. Syn. ; Bryol. Eur. t. 4. 
 
 Hab. California (Bolander). 
 
 2. S. mfescens. Plants greenish yellow: lower leaves 
 very small, ecostate, the upper very large, convolute in an 
 
 autliors Include the genus Ephemerum as the lowest member of the Phy%- 
 comitriece. We have here retained the classification followed by the 
 recent authors whose works are more generally known and more acces- 
 sible to students, — Schimper, Wilson, Sullivant, etc., — not merely be- 
 cause it has been adopted by all American bryologists, but because it is by 
 far the simplest, and the most serviceable in the study of mosses. 
 
Phaacum.] 
 
 BUYACEvB. 
 
 41 
 
 obtusi'ly tctrnj^onnl liead, <lee|»Iy concftvc, ciispiilato by tliu 
 thick t'XcuiTcnt roHta, denticulate or croso at the apex : male 
 buds sessile at tlie base of the fertile ones : ca])sule on an erect 
 tlcxuous or arcuate pedicel. — Acaulon rtf/escefi8y A. Jaeger, 
 Muse. Cleist. 11). Acaulon triqnetnuti^ var., Sulliv. & Lesij. 
 Muse. Hor.-Am. Exsicc. (2 ed.), n. 31. 
 
 IlAii. Very coininon In the Eastern and Central States. 
 
 Tills species is liitennediatc between the last and the next following, 
 an<' HO near to both that it is dilHcult to indicate a constant spccllic 
 cliaracter. Tlie color of the more distinctly triangular pcrichiotium, as well 
 as tlie occasionally longer and curved pedicel, ref<!rs it to 8. trUiuvtrnm ; 
 but in the generally short and straight pedicel, tlie leaves not at all or 
 scarcely revolute on the margin and more distinctly erose-tlenticulate at 
 tlie apex, and tha bulb-like heads indistinctly tri(iuctrous, it approaches 
 S. muticuiii. 
 
 8. S. triquetrum, Schimp. Plants j)ale green or yelUnvish, 
 distinctly tri(|uetrous : lower leaves small, somewhat nerveless, 
 the middle broadly ovate and costatc, an<l the terminal deeply 
 cirinate, reflexed on the margins, minutely erose at the apex, 
 mucronate by the excurrent recurved point of the costa : cap- 
 sule ]i)endent from a longer arcuate jiedicel. — Syn. INIusc. 14. 
 J^huscum triquetrum^ Spruce, Engl. Bot. Suppl. t. 21)01 ; Sulliv. 
 Mosses of U. States, 15. Acaulon tri<2uetnim^ Muell. Syn.; 
 
 Bryol. Eur., t. 4. 
 
 Hah. Open soil; New England {Inr/rnhnm, James)] New Jersey 
 {Austin)', Santee Canal, South Carolina (liavenel); Saskatchewan 
 {Drummond). 
 
 4. S. Schimperianum. Plants sparsely gregarious, ovoid- 
 bulbiform : leaves closely imbricate, the lower small, ocostate, 
 the upper much larger, deeply concave, recurved at the apex, 
 papillose on both faces, recurved on the margin, erose-dentate 
 in the upper part, the costa appearing below the apex and ex- 
 current into a long point : capsule globose, scarcely mamillate, 
 orange-colored, horizontally inclined by a curve of the some- 
 what long pedicel. — Phaacum Schimperianum^ Sulliv. Mosses 
 of U. States, 15. Acaulon Schimjyerianum, Sulliv. Icon. Muse. 
 18, t. 9. 
 
 IlAB. San Marcos, Texas {Wright); Athens, Illinois {E. Hall). 
 
 6. PHASOUM, Linn., in part. (PI. 1.) 
 Plants more robust, distinctly caulescent. Leaves costate ; 
 cells of the areolatiou loose, hexagonal-rectangular and hyaline 
 
r 
 
 42 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 [Phancum. 
 
 on tlic lower |>nrt, more denso, (pKidrntc or rournl-licxni^oiml in 
 tliu upper. FlowerH monceeiouH ; the male {^einninoeouH (in 
 American KpecieH), upon the Mtem at the base of the hranche!* 
 or naked in the axil of n periehwtial leaf. CapHule ])edioellate, 
 8Ml)-<jflol)()se or ovate-ohlonij, apieulate or obtusely rostellute. 
 Calyptra eueullate. Columella persistent. 
 
 1. P. Oarniolicum, Web. & Mohr. Plants minute, ces- 
 
 j)itulose : stems short, simple or bifid : lower leaves small, 
 
 lanceolate, the upper and comal loni^-lanceolate, spreadin<; or 
 
 erect, incurved, complicate when dry ; costa stronj^, percurrent 
 
 or exeurrent into a short point ; areolation chlorophyllose in the 
 
 npi»er jiart: male flowers at the base of the stems: capsule 
 
 short-pedicellate, subirlobose, obtusely pointed, shinini^, reddish 
 
 brown. — liot. Taschenb. 09 and 450 ; IJryol. Eur. t. 5. Acaur 
 
 Ion Carniolicum^ Muell. Syn. i. 28. 
 
 IIau. iSillcluus soil and stones on the plains of Western Kansas {E. 
 Jlall). 
 
 2. P. CUSpidatum, Schreb. Plants subcespitoso : stems 
 short and simple, or divided by basilar innovations or flagelliform 
 branches: leaves close, shutting up in the gejnmules on the 
 short stems or eroct-spreading, more or less distant, ovate- 
 lanceolate, the terminal carinate-concave, long-acuminate, cuspi- 
 date by the more or less exeurrent round costa, very entire, 
 somewhat rcvolute in the lower part ; areolation minutely 
 papillose : capsule on a short straight or slightly curved pedicel, 
 immersed, globose or rarely ovate, obtusely acuminate, reddish 
 brown. — Phase. 8, t. 1 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 5. 
 
 Var. piliferum, Bruch & Schimp. Costa prolonged into a 
 
 long filiform point : capsule larger ; pedicel generally curved. — 
 
 P. piliferuniy Schreb., 1. c, t. 1, fig. 7. 
 
 Hab. Dry soil in old fields, on the borders of meadows, along fences, 
 etc. Both the normal form and the variety are very common. Other 
 varieties are enumerated by European authors, but are easily referred to 
 the type. 
 
 3. P. bryoides, Dicks. Loosely cespitose or occasionally 
 densely tufted, the plants short, prostrate when old ; innova- 
 tions basilar : leaves small, distant, ovate-lanceolate, the upper 
 oblong-lanceolate, cuspidate by the exeurrent costa, concave, 
 entire and margins recurved : calyptra large, yellowish, reach- 
 ing the middle of the capsule : capsule emerging on a long thick 
 
Pleiirldinm,] 
 
 HUVACK.E. 
 
 48 
 
 pedicel, oval or oMon*;, slightly Iimmii'vimI, j;ni<lu!illy nnrrowe*! 
 into III! ohtiise heak, l>ro\vn. — Crypt, fane. 4, t. I(), tiix. 3; 
 Hryol. Kiir. t. <). 7^ f/j/tnnoM(o/not(/t's, Biid. Uryol. I'liiv. i. 4H. 
 J'ottid /trj/oi't/tn, liiiKJb. Tricliost. 10. 
 
 II Ail. Oil the south Hiilt> of 11 hill lu'ur Oukluiul, Ciillforiiia (liul(indvr)\ 
 very rare Ui the Unlt»'il {Stutos. 
 
 6. PLEURIDIUM. Hrid. 
 Plants annual, or persistinuj by innovations from the apex 
 after the inatiirin,:; of the frnit. Li'aves ol)Ion<; at hase, laneeo- 
 late-snhulate, obtusely serrate at the apex, eostate, the upper 
 tufted. Calyptra cueidlate. Caps»de ovate-j^lohose or ovatc- 
 npieidate, smooth, shining, short-pedieellate. — Pluiaciuiiy Linn, 
 and authors, in part. 
 
 * Fhnrers biaeyunl. 
 
 1. P. SUbulatum, Hruoh «fe Sehimp. Plants cespitose, 
 yellowish green: lower leaves ovate-laneeolate, erect, the upper 
 lanceolate-subulate, erect-spreading or subsectin<l, much exceed- 
 ing the top of the capsule ; costa broad, reaching to the ol)scurely 
 serrate apex : antheridia naked in the axils of pericluetial leaves: 
 capside globose-ovate, apictilate. — Hryol. Eur. t. 9. Phaacum 
 8Hfndatuhi, Schreb.; SuUiv. Mosses of U. Su.ites, 10. 
 
 Var. Stramineum, Lesq. Plants i)ale yellow ; stems with 
 long slender tiagelliform innovations and short distant leaves ; 
 comal leaves more abruptly narrowed at the apex. — Pleuridiinn 
 stnmiuienw^ Sulliv. & Lesq. ; Austin, Bull. Torr. Club, vi. 142. 
 P. euhulatmny Lesq. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. xiii. 2. P. subu- 
 latum, var., Watson, Dot. Calif, ii. 359. 
 
 IIab. Dry hills and old fields; rare. Pennsylvania (James); Cali- 
 fornia (Bolander). 
 
 Tiie variety was at first admitted as a species and figured for a plate of 
 Sullivant's Icones. It is intermediate between the typical form and the 
 following. 
 
 2. P. Ravenelii, Aust. Differs from the last in its shorter 
 
 stems, the comal leaves broader, lanceolate or ovate-oblong in 
 
 the lower part, carinate, the costa excnrrent into a more or less 
 
 elongated smooth awl-shaped point, the capsule a little larger 
 
 and broadly apiculate. — Bull. Torr. Club, vi. 142. 
 
 Had. Light sandy soil. South Carolina (Havenel)', New Jersey and 
 New England (AuatUif Bennett, Jeaup). 
 
^Pi 
 
 44 
 
 DHYACE.f:. 
 
 I PlrurliUnm. 
 
 • • /^lowers tnonti'cious ; vmic jtfantH f/iintni/orm^ ttwiliuri/. 
 
 3. P. altemifolium, Hriil., in |»irt. I'lniitH <>(>H|)it()Hi>, iit 
 fipHt Hiinplu uikI croct, after u year luroiiiiii^ pnmtratt' an<l 
 Itraiichin^ in lon^ tlaj^fHiform iiinovatioiiH : coiiial IravoH 
 enlar;;c'(l at Hiu ovatu ItaHO, abruptly narrowiMl into a Nli'iidcr 
 awl-Hliapi't; Nliglitly Hcrrulatc point, Hllo<l hy tlio Htout cx- 
 currt'nt i'OHta : capHuIo ovatt* or Mubgloliosi', ol)li(|ucly apiculatu : 
 calyptra Mplit to near the ncMiminatu apt'X. — lJry«)I. Kur. t. 10. 
 Phaacnm alternifoliuiny Sulliv. Mohhoh of U. Stati's, IT). 
 
 Var. Lancastriense, Sulliv. & Li'8(i. LcavcK lonjjfcr ; 
 areolatioii nioro donsc : capHuIu rnoro ubtUHe : spores larger. — 
 Muse. IJor.-Am. KxHiec. (cd. I), ii. 30. 
 
 Var. robustum, Sulliv. & Lcsq. PlantH twice as lonp; as in 
 tho common fonn: comal leaves shorter: spores larj^e. — Same, 
 n. 81. ArchiiUnni Lescurii^ Aust. Bull. Ton*. Club, vi. 144. 
 
 II An. Open fields, on sandy and clayey ground; vety conunon. 
 
 Tho first variety at Lancaster, Ohio, wllii llrnchla SuUlvuntH ; the last 
 on the Raccoon Mountnins, Alabama, in lunnid depressions on sandstone 
 rocks, with llnwhla SuUlvantU^ var. nturlrana {Lcaiinereux), 
 
 4. P. Sullivantii, Aust. Plants gregarioijs : stems ri«j;icl, 
 julaccous ; innovations filifor \early as long as tho stems : 
 leaves closely imbricate ai. ,«pprcRaecl, the lower ovate- 
 mucronate, denticulate, the upper enlarged, longer j)ointed, 
 obscurely serrate ; perichtetial leaves much longer, oblong-ovate, 
 abruptly cuspidate, erose-serrate above ; costa thick, percurrent 
 or excurrent : capsule large, round-ovate, short-pedicellate, ol> 
 tusely mamillatc ; calyptra large, campanulate, obtusely acumin- 
 ate. — Bull. Torr. Club, vi. 142. Phascnm nervosum), Drumm. 
 Coll. n. 6; Sulliv. Mosses of IT. States, 16. Pleuridium ner- 
 vosum^ Sulliv. Icon. Muse. 19, t. 10. 
 
 Had. Pennsylvania (I)rummond)\ South Carolina, on light sandy soil 
 (Ravend). Phaacum nervosum, Hook., a species of the Cape of Good 
 Hope, is evidently different. 
 
 5. P. Bolanderi, Muell. Leaves long-lanceolate and subu- 
 late, minutely denticulate from the middle upward, with a pale 
 excurrent costa : capsule ovate, obliquely apiculate, short- 
 pedicellate ; calyptra dimidiate, often split, blackened at the 
 apex. — Jaeger, Muse. Cleist. 32. ^ 
 
 Has. Near San Francisco, California (Bolander). 
 
 Distinguished from other species of the genus by the leaves obscurely 
 serrulate from the middle upward, by the pale costa, the short-pedicellate 
 capsule, and the top of the calyptra appearing as if burned. 
 
liritehin.] 
 
 UllYACE E. 
 
 45 
 
 7. MIOROBRTUM, Schimp. 
 
 Plants very Bmull, grt'j^arious or Hultri-Hpitoso, gi'imiiiforfn, 
 
 Liavi'H inoro closi'Iy aroolatc, stroii^^Iy costati', iitiiiuti'ly papil- 
 
 loci* on tliu hack. FIowi'I'm niontpcioiiH : anth(<ri<lia very nniall 
 
 in the axils of thu coma! loavcn. Capsule ovate, ohtiiHcly a]iie- 
 
 ulatf, erect upon ii short pedicel. C'alyptra reachini^ to the 
 
 nii<Mle of the capsule, plurilohate, H]>lit on one side. 
 
 1. M. FlGerkeanum, Schimp. Leavesopen, erect, slightly 
 curved hack at the top ; the lower small, ovati'-apiculate, cos- 
 tate to the middle, more densely areolate ; the upper hroadly 
 ovate, nuu ronatc hy the stiff hrown sharp point of the excurrent 
 costa ; cells of thu ureolation at hase loose and hyaline, in tho 
 upper part small, yellowish-chlorophyllose. — Syn. Muse. 11. 
 J'/iascum Flo;rkcanmn^ Web. & Mohr ; Schwaej^r. Suppl. i. 3, 
 
 t. y. Acaulon Fla'rkeanutu^ Muell. ; IJryol. Kur. t. 3. 
 
 II All. Very rnro; found in lllinuis by E. Hall, a few plants only, 
 ml (1 with I'ottia 8ub»easilla. 
 
 8. BRUOHIA, Scliwaogr. (PI. 1.) 
 Plants greijarious, short, simple or sparin<j;ly dichotomous. 
 Stem-leaves sm:dl, distant, the upper ami comal crowded, much 
 loiiijer, all costato to the apex ; basilar areolation hexagonal- 
 rectangular, narrower upward. Capsule with a long solid 
 colluni (without collum in J). jxduatrU)^ oval, rostellate, emerg- 
 ing on a more or less elongated pedicel. Calyptra thin, lobato 
 or lacerate at base, mitriform. 
 
 1. B. palustris, Muell. Ilypogynous: plants cespitose : 
 lower leaves distant, ovate-lanceolate, narrowly costate ; the 
 u]>per and comal much longer, abruptly narrowly subulate from 
 a lanceolate base ; costa stout, excurrent into a long semi- 
 cylindrical awn: anthcridia naked in the axils of pericha}tial 
 leaves : capsule rather large, ovate-acuminate, ])ale yellow. — 
 Syn. i. 19. Pleuridium palustre^ Bryol. Eur. t. 10. Phascnm 
 pfdtfstre, Sulliv. Mosses of U. States, 16. Sporledera pcdustris^ 
 Schimp. 
 
 IIau. Sandy soil; rare. Louisiana (Drummond)\ Burlington, New 
 Jersey {James). 
 
46 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Bruchia. 
 
 i 
 , "4 
 
 1 i 
 
 It It 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 2. B. flexuosa, Muell. Stems comparatively long, curved 
 downward at base : stem-leaves distant, very small, narrowly 
 lanceolate-subulate, obscurely serrate at the apex : ilowers 
 monoecious or para'cious ; antheridia in the axils of comal leaves 
 or in separate buds. — Bot. Zeit. v. 99. Phascum Jlexuosiim, 
 Schwaegr. 8uppl. ii. 1, t. 101. 
 
 Var. microcarpa, Wils. Very slender : leaves very nar- 
 rowly subulate, the entire margin obscurely serrulate : capsule 
 narrow, longer apiculate, long-pedicellate. — B. microcarpa^ 
 Wils. ; Drunim. Muse. Ainer. (Coll. II.), n. 14. iSjwrkdera 
 8eti/oHa, Jaeger, JMusc. Cleist. 35. 
 
 Hah. Clayey ground in fields, mixed with the following. 
 
 3. B. Sullivantii, Aust. Similar to the last, differing 
 merely in the short stems and narrowly ovate-lanceolate leaves, 
 the upper somewhat longer and elongated lanceolate-subulate, 
 subpapillose, the areol.ation more compact and texture more 
 solid. — Bull. Torr. Club, vi. 143. Ii. Jiexuosa, Sulliv. Icon. 
 Muse. 22 (excl. descr.), t. 13. 
 
 Var. nigricans. Leaves shorter: capsule with a shorter 
 collum : 8j)ores larger. — B. flexiiosa, var. nigricans., Sulliv. 
 Mosses of U. States, 17 ; Sulliv. & Lesq. Muse. Bor.-Am. Exsicc. 
 n. 33. H. nigricans., Austin, 1. c. 
 
 Had. With the preceding; the variety on borders of depressions filled 
 with water and Co)^ervce at the top of the Raccoon Mountains, Alabama 
 (Lesquereux). 
 
 The variety is evidently due to immersion, as higher upon the dry sand 
 of the borders of the depressions the moss gradually assumes its normal 
 form. 
 
 4. B. Bolanderi, Lesq. Monoecious, densely gregarious or 
 subcespitose, pale green : stem-leaves distant, lanceolate, the 
 comal erect-spreading, short-subulate from the lanceolate slightly 
 enlarged base ; costa broad, flat, vanishing below the obtusely 
 serrulate apex ; pericha^tial leaves tubulose, narrowly lanceolate 
 from the middle : male flowers in separate buds upon the 
 primary prostrate stems : capsule erect or slightly oblique, long- 
 necked, upon a long flexuous thick pedicel ; calyptra short, 
 split to the middle on one side. — Mem. Calif. Acad. i. 5 ; 
 Sulliv. Icon. Muse. Suppl. 23, t. 14. ^ 
 
 Had. Westfall's Meadow, near Bigtree Grove, Mariposa County, Cali- 
 fornia, at 8,000 feet altitude (liolander). 
 The species is allied to the European B. Vogesiaca, Schwaegr., differing 
 
Brudiia.] 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 47 
 
 especially In the shorter leaves, the perlchoetial longer and more or loss 
 tubulose, in the short beak and cullum of thu capsule, the thick pedicel, 
 etc. 
 
 5. B. Beyrichiana, Muoll. Stems short, simple : leaves 
 curved when dry, open-erect when moist, those of the stem nar- 
 rowly lanceolate, the comal gradually long-subulate from the 
 enlarged base, obscurely serrulate at the apex : flowers pane- 
 cious : cai)sule solid, oblong, vnth a short indistinct collum, 
 subinnnersed, its top not suri)asbing the leaves ; pedicel short, 
 flexuous ; calyptra large, broadly '"ciniate, covering the capsule 
 to its base. — liot. Zeit. v. 99; Sulliv. Icon. Muse. Suj^'»l. 2;"), 
 t. 15, ])artly niatle ui>on specimens of the next species. /Sj)o?'le- 
 dera Beyrichiana^ Ilampe, Linna3a, xi. 271). l*hascuni liey- 
 richianum, Schwaegr. Suj)pl. iv. t. 801. 
 
 Hau. First found near Baltimore by Beyrich ; Burlington, New Jersey 
 (James); Illinois (Vasey). 
 
 C. B. brevicoUiS, Lesq. & James. Differing from the lust 
 in the longer-pedicellate emergent broadly oval caj)sule, with a 
 distinct collum defluent into the podicel, in the shorter apiculate 
 caly])tra reaching to the collum, and in the shorter leaves, 
 broader at base, and narrowed into a long entire awl-shaped 
 point entirely filled by the enlarged costa. — Proc. Am. Acad, 
 xiv. 135. 
 
 Has. Santee Canal, South Carolina {Bavenel). 
 
 7. B. CUrviseta. Plants short : lower leaves small, lanceo- 
 late, the upper much longer, narrowly sid)ulate from a short 
 broadly ovate base, denticulate at and near the apex ; costa 
 stout, filling the awl-shaped canaliculate })oint : flowers monoe- 
 cious : capsule emergent, ovate, with a distinct collum, abruptly 
 narrowed or truncate upon a somewhat long pedicel, which is 
 geniculate or abruptly curved in the middle ; lid short, acumi- 
 nate ; calyj)tra large, covering the capsule to below the middle, 
 smooth. — J5. Vof/esiaca, var. 2, Hook. & Wilson, Drumm. 
 Muse. Amer. (Coll. II.), n. 15, in part. 
 
 Hab. Louisiana, near New Orleans (Drummond). 
 
 Compared with B. brevicollls it differs in the leaves distinctly denticu- 
 late above, in the larger and shorter calyptra, the capsule truncate at base, 
 and the longer geniculate pedicel. 
 
 8. B. Hallii, Aust. Plants small, gregarious, yellowish 
 green : stem j^ cent, long, slender, filiform : lower leaves small, 
 closely ai)pre8sed, broadly ovate-acuminate, the upper longer, 
 
 I'll 
 Ml 
 
 
 t ;M 
 
 li 
 
 f 
 
rn^ 
 
 48 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Bntchla, 
 
 H 
 
 i i 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 I' -, 
 
 J' 
 
 oblong or obovate at base, more gradually acuminate, all very 
 entire, glossy ; costa enlarged ujiward, somewhat excurrent : 
 capsule exsertcd, pyriform-elliptical, somewhat long-beaked, 
 the comparatively long collum gradually narrowed to the long 
 straight ])edicel ; calyptra smooth, mitriform or subcucullate, 
 lobed, covering a third of the capsule. — B j11. Torr. Club, v. 21. 
 
 Had. Near Houston, Texas (E. Hall). 
 
 A very fine and distinct species, recognized at once by Its short appressed 
 imbricate leaves, and the capsule exserted on a long straight pedicel. 
 
 9. B. Donnellii, Aust. Paroecious, of the size of li. flex- 
 uosa : leaves more abruptly subulate from a nearly round base, 
 distinctly papillose : pedicel more strict : capsule 2-colored, 
 with a thicker and longer collum : spores nearly twice as large. 
 — Bull. Torr. Club, vi. 144. 
 
 Had. Florida (J. Donnell Smith). 
 
 This species has a long thick collum and large spores, as in B. Texana, 
 which, however, has much shorter smooth leaves. It also has the in- 
 florescence and large spores of B. Ilallii, but the collum in this last species 
 is much shorter and the leaves are smooth. — (Austin). 
 
 10. B. Texana, Aust. Compared with the preceding it 
 differs in the shorter stems ; the lower leaves narrower, longer- 
 lanceolate-acuminate and flexuous, the upper much longer, oval 
 at base, abruptly narrowed and very narrowly subulate-canalic, 
 ulate upward, flexuous when dry ; costa dilated upward, per- 
 current ; areolation longer and narrower beloAv, rapidly passing 
 above to very small minutely granulose cells : capsule a little 
 shorter, with a more slender beak and a thicker collum abruptly 
 narrowed to the pedicel. — Bull. Torr. Club, v. 21. 
 
 Had. Near Houston, Texas (E. Hall). 
 
 11. B. brevipes, Ilook. Resembling B.fleontosa'm aspect, 
 
 but distinguished by its small size, the rigid leaves more enlarged 
 
 at base, abruptly narrowed into a longer awl-shaped point 
 
 entirely filled by the costa, by the shorter pyriform immersed 
 
 caj)sule truncate at base and sharply apiculate, by the very short 
 
 pedicel, and larger spores. — Icon. PI. t. 231 ; Hook. & Wils., 
 
 Drumm. Muse. Amer. (Coll. II.), n. 15, in part; Sulliv. Icon. 
 
 Muse. 24, t. 14. 
 
 Had. Louisiana (Drnmmond); South Carolina, on sandy ground 
 {Savenel); Petersburg, Virginia {James). 
 
 12. B. brevifolia, Sulliv. Subcespitose, the stems very 
 short, erect, densely foliate : lower leaves minute, ovate-acumi- 
 
A*'chidium.] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 49 
 
 iiato, the upper comparatively short, scarcely rcachini^ to the 
 middle of the capside, large, ovate and clasping at hase, abruptly 
 narrowed into a hroad blunt point ; costa tiat, broad, percurrent : 
 flowers monoecious ; male buds terminal : capsule very large for 
 the size of the jdant, obovate-oblong, truncate at base, abrui>tly 
 acuminate ; jtedicel very short ; calyptni scarcely covering a 
 third of the capsule. — Mosses of U. States, 17, and Icon. Muse. 
 25, t. 15. JJ. Vogesiaca, var. 2, Hook. & Wils., Drunnu. Muse. 
 Amer. (Coll. II.), n. 15, m ])art. 
 
 Hah. Louisiana {Driimmond); sandy ground on the Santee Canal, 
 Soutli Carolina {Iliivenel). 
 
 13. B. Ravenelii, Wils. Plants very small (the smallest 
 of the genus), closely gregarious : leaves close together, the 
 lower minute, the middle linear-lanceolate and erect, the uj^pcr 
 much longer, spreading, lanceolate, gradually narrowed to a 
 denticulate apex ; costa broad, percurrent ; flowers mona'cious : 
 caj»sule nearly immersed, short, obovate and ai)iculate, its 
 scarcely distinct short collum abruptly narrowed into the very 
 short pedicel ; calyptra distinctly and sometimes profusely papil- 
 lose. — Sulliv. Mosses of U. States, 17, and Icon. Muse. 26, 1. 16. 
 
 Var. mollis. Calyptra less paj)illo8e ; capsule with a 
 slightly more marked collum : leaves shorter, not exceeding the 
 cai)sule. — -C. Carolinice^ Austin, Bull. Torr. Club, vi. 144. 
 
 Had. Banks of the Santee Canal, South Carolina (liavenel)\ the 
 variety in Florida (J. Donnell Smith). 
 
 14. B. Hampeana, Muell. Leaves enlarged at base, nar- 
 rowed and subulate above, the entire margin obscurely denticu- 
 late : capsule obovate, with a moderately long collum ; calyptra 
 laciniate at base, distinctly papillose vesiculose. — Syn. i. 18. 
 /Sporkdera Schicaegricheni^ Hampe in litt. 
 
 Hab. Louisiana (I>rummond). 
 
 Differing from the last especially in the distinct somewhat long neck of 
 the capsule. 
 
 3. Plants with branching and prostrate stems. Calyptra 
 adherent to the capsule. Spores remarkably large and few. 
 
 
 9. ARCHIDIUM, Brid. (PI. 1.) 
 Plants small, branching by short and erect or by long pros- 
 trate innovations. Leaves linear-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate,. 
 
50 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 [Arcliidlum. 
 
 ' i 
 
 i 
 
 - m 
 
 l-.:li 
 
 costate ; areolation loose, uniform, hoxagonal-rhoinboid.'il, slightly 
 elilorophyllose. Flowers moiitt'cious, geintnifonii. Calyptni 
 very thin, irregularly lacerate. Capsule globose, sessile. Spores 
 few, larger than in any other moss, ] m.m. in diameter, smooth. 
 
 1. A. Ohioense, Schimp. Mona'cious: stems filiform: 
 leaves 8j)rea(ling, subulate by the excurrent eosta, serrulate 
 above ; ]>erichn)tial leaves broadly lanceolate, narrowed into a 
 long ])oint, costate : capsule globose, on short lateral branches : 
 spores 16 to 20, angular, smooth. — Bryol. Eur. Arch. 3 ; Sulliv. 
 Mosses of U. States, 14, and Icon. Muse. IG, t. 7 ; Sulliv. & 
 Les(|. ]\Iusc. I3or.-Am. Exsice. n. 28. A. 2^/Mscotdes^ Sulliv. 
 Muse. Allegh. n. 213. 
 
 Var. Donnellii. More robust, yellowish green : leaves thin, 
 subscarious; areolation less distinct: mji^" flowers more gen- 
 erally terminal. — A. Donnellii^ Austin, Bull. Torr. Club, vi. 
 190. 
 
 Had. Meadows and waste fields, Central Ohio and Northern Alabama. 
 The variety in Florida (J. Donnell Smith). 
 
 2. A. tenerrimum, Mitten. Differing from the last, espe- 
 cially in the hypogynous inflorescence, the antheridia being 
 placed in the axils of one or two small leaves at the base of the 
 pericha3tial ones, as in the European A.phascoides, Brid.; the cells 
 of the areolation are much shorter, closer and firm. — Journ. 
 Linn. Soc. viii. 17. A. phascoides^ Drumm. Muse. Am. (Coll. 
 II.), n. 11. 
 
 Had. Louisiana (Drximmond). 
 
 3. A. Ravenelii, Aust. Synoecious: plants much divided 
 below : lower leaves distant, very small, ovate and appressed, 
 or larger and open, the upper closely imbricate-tufted or pressed 
 together in gemmules, ovate-lancoolate, distinctly acuminate or 
 acute or obtuse, very entire ; costa vanishing below the apex or 
 excurrent into a short point ; areolation very loose, round, oval 
 or rhomboidal, slightly longer and broader toward the base. — 
 Bull. Torr. Club, vi. 145. 
 
 Had. South Carolina (ifaceneZ); Florida (J. Donnell Smith). 
 
 4. A. longifolium, Lesq. & James. Syncecious : cespitose, 
 sometimes in compact tufts, yellowish green ; stems short, 
 slender: leaves long and narrow, open, flexuous, narrowly 
 lanceolate-subulate; areolation in long quadrangular cells, be- 
 
Aatomum.] 
 
 BRYACEvE. 
 
 »1 
 
 coining shorter and nearly quadrate at base; costa stout, 
 exc'urrent into a smooth awl-sha|>e(l |ioint : male flowers in the 
 axils of j)erichaetial leaves. — l*roe. ^Vm. Acad. xiv. 184. 
 II AU. Florida (Garbe) ), In fine copiously fruiting speeiniens. 
 
 5. A. Hallii, Aust. Mona«cious, the male flowers terminal 
 on a distinct branch : leaves with a very loose areolation and 
 the margins often obscurely recurved ; eosta often long-excur- 
 rent. — IJuU. Torr. Club, vi. 145. 
 
 IIab. Texas (E. Hall). This species is not satisfactorily known. 
 
 B. STEGOCARPI. — Capsules opening in the ui)per part by 
 a dehiscent lid. 
 
 Tribe II. WEISIE.E. 
 
 Pl.ints cespitose, sometimes very small, generally of medium 
 size. Leaves simply costate ; areolation opaque, composed of 
 parenchymatous cells, small, punctiform or quadrate and gen- 
 erally papillose in the upper part of the leaf, larger, oblong- 
 hexagonal and pellucid or chlorophyllose at the enlarged base. 
 Capsule solid, generally exserted upon a more or less elongated 
 pedicel, rarely immersed, erect or curved, sometimes inclined or 
 ] en lent, subcylindrical, with a short collum or none. Lid 
 rostrate. Peristome simple or none ; teeth flat, entire or bifid. 
 Calyptra cucullate. 
 
 1. Peristome none. 
 
 10. -ASTOMUM, Hampe. 
 Plants small, 8imi)le or branching. Upper leaves longer, 
 tufted, linear-lanceolate, curling. Flowers moncecious. Cap- 
 sule erect, symmetrical ; lid distinctly formed but not easily 
 detached. — Systegium^ Schimp. 
 
 1. A. crispum, Hampe. Stems short, branching: lower 
 leaves very small, narrowly ovate, the upper linear-lanceolate, 
 densely tufted, minutely papillose on the back, crispate when 
 dry ; costa round, excurrent into a short point, borders invo- 
 lute : capsule globose, short-pedicellate, immersed ; lid short- 
 
52 
 
 BRYACEiE. 
 
 [Astomum. 
 
 ! I 
 
 :*! 
 
 conical, acute. — Linnrca, xii. 552; Bryol. Eur. t. 12. P/iasciim 
 crinpnm, Iledw. fStir]). Muse. Frond, i. 25, t. 9; Sulliv. Mosses 
 of LT. States, 1(1. 
 
 IlAH. Uurc sandy soil under bushes, Vlncennes, Ind. {LenfiHereux); 
 Texas ( IVrlyht), Imperfect specimens; Pennsylvania (James). Kare. 
 
 2. A. Ludovicianum, Sulliv. Differs from the last in its 
 stronger and more divided habit, tho capsules more numerous, 
 often clustered 2 or 3 in the same i)erieha'tium, oblong-oval, 
 with a more elongated obtuse lid. — Icon. Muse. 21, t. 12. 
 Phascum criftptwt, var. rostellatum, Ilook. & Wils., Drunnn. 
 Muse. Am. (Coll. II.), n. 10. P. Ludomciamim^ Sulliv. 
 Mosses U. States, IG. Systegitim erythrostegiiim^ Schimp. 
 Proc. Am. Acad. xiv. 140. 
 
 Hah. Near New Orleans {DrnmmoTn.d)\ Florida (Cha-pman). 
 
 3. A. Sullivantii, Schimp. Closely resembles A. crispum^ 
 differing in the jdants being smaller, more slender and generally 
 simple, the cai)sule smaller, bright orange with a slightly longer- 
 beaked lid, and a shorter calyptra. — Bryol. Eur. Astom. 2 ; 
 Sulliv. Icon. Muse. 20, t. 11. Phascum crispnm, SuUiv. Muse. 
 Allegh. n. 211, in part. P. /Sulliuantii, Sulliv. Mosses of U. 
 States, 16. 
 
 Had. Commonly found in meadows, especially in new clover fields. 
 
 4. A. nitidulum, Schimp. Plants much smaller and less 
 branched than in the last : leaves shorter, open, scarcely convo- 
 lute when moistened: cai)sule ovoid, shining, chestnut-color; 
 lid obliquely rostellate : calyjitra short, scarcely reaching the 
 base of the lid. — Bryol. Eur. Astom. 3; Sulliv. & Lesq. Muse. 
 Bor.-Am. n. 36. Phascum nitidulum^ Muell. ; Sulliv. Mosses 
 of U. States, 16. 
 
 Var. pygmSBUm, Lesq. Plants minute, much divided : 
 costa simply percurrent, not passing above the apex : capsule 
 oval, orange-colored : lid straight, obtusely beaked. 
 
 Had. On the naked ground in meadows, often found with the preced- 
 ing; Central Ohio. 
 
 11. GYMNOSTOMUM, Hedw. (PI. 1.; 
 Plants cespitose. Stems slender; branches dichotoraous or 
 fasciculate. Leaves small, gradually larger upwards and tufted 
 at the apex, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, concave or canalic- 
 
 
Oymnoatomum.] 
 
 BRYACE/E. 
 
 68 
 
 ulate by a solid costa, prominent on the back; areolatiuii 
 minute, quadrate in the upper j)art. Flowers did'cious in the 
 American 8i)ecies. Capsule symmetrical ; lid long-beaked. 
 
 1. G. Calcareum, Neestfe Ilornsch. Plants densely tufted, 
 irreen above, ferruginous below ; stems radiculose : lower leaves 
 very small, gradually or abruptly larger upward, linear-lanceo- 
 late, costate to near the blunt apex, concave, borders minutely 
 crenulate ; lower perichietial leaves sheathing, the upper spread- 
 ing, very concave, lanceol.'ite-acute : capsule exserted on a com- 
 paratively long pedicel, oblong, yellowish brown, truncate or 
 slightly constricted under the orifice when dry ; annulus short, 
 persistent; lid subulate-rostrate from a conical base. — Bryol. 
 Germ. 158, t. 10 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 32. l^richostonuim calcareum^ 
 Lindb. Trichost. 19. 
 
 Var. brevifolium, Schimp. Plants slender and delicate : 
 lower leaves distant, very small, scarcely i>erceivable to the 
 naked eye, the upper close and tufted, oblong-lanceolate, recurved 
 from the middle, acute or blunt at the aj)ex : capsule small, 
 ovate or sub-globose. — G. viridalum^ Bryol. Eur. t. 81. 
 
 Var. perpusillum, Sulliv. Very small. Leaves erect, ovate- 
 lanceolate: ca])sule ])yriform-oval. — Pacif. \\. Kep. iv. 185. 
 
 II AB. On slate rocks, near Little Falls, New York (AuhIi)i)\ the first 
 variety near Belleville, Canada West (Macoun), the second on clayey soil 
 near t-an Francisco, California (Blyelow). 
 
 2. G. rupestre, Schwaegr. More or less densely tufted : 
 stems 1 to 5 cent, long, slender, with dichotomous or fasciculate 
 divisions : leaves gradually increasing in size from the base to 
 the top, spreading or recurved, linear-lanceolate, blunt at apex, 
 minutely papillose on the back or smooth, costate to below the 
 a]>ex; pericha3tial leaves enlarged at base, somewhat sheathing: 
 cajtsule ovate-oblong, rarely sub-globose, thin-walled, palvj 
 yellow or reddish brown, shining, truncate when emjity ; i)edicel 
 reddish ; lid conical-acuminate or short-beaked ; annulus none. 
 
 — Suppl. I., part 1, 31, t. xi. ; Bryol. Eur. t. 33, 34. Trichosto- 
 muin ceritffviosiim, Lindb. Trichost. 19. 
 
 Var. stelligerum, Schimp. Loosely cesi)itose, more robust : 
 leaves longer, incurved when dry : capsule y r.le, reddish at the 
 orifice ; lid obliquely rostrate. Closely resembles the following. 
 
 — G. toj)haceum, Austin, Bull. Terr. Club. vi. 42. 
 
54 
 
 BUYACE^E. 
 
 [Gymnostomuin. 
 
 I! 
 
 
 ill 
 
 ,j| 
 
 IlAn. Surfapp Jiml flssiiros of dninp or shaded overhanging rocks, In the 
 niountuin.s espiu'lully, not niru. Thu variety on calcareous rocks, Dallas 
 County, Texas {h\ Hull). 
 
 This and the next species are extremely variable, and some of the varie- 
 ties are indifferently referable to one or the other. Var. HUllbjcrnm, which 
 represents G. Hlrlliycrum and (i. avlicnliitiiin, Smith, and G. poinifvnim, 
 Nees «fe llornseh., is consitiered by Wilson and others as a variety of 
 G. curi'lruntrinn. It Is apparently from sterile plants of one of the 
 numerous varieties of this species that G. Clintoni, Aust. (Bull. Torr. 
 Club, vl. 42), has been made. 
 
 3. G. CUrvirostrum, Ilcdw. Plants (lark rod or brown, 
 soft or solid, 1 to 10 cent, loiii^, with close fastigiato branches 
 more or less covered with a reddish felt of radicles : leaves 
 Ki>readin<;, sli<j;htly incurved when dry, lanceolate-acute, concave 
 at the hyaline base, carinate above, smooth or slightly papillose, 
 with b'>rders entire or sometimes slightly serrate and n.'curved 
 abo' e the base ; costa vanishing under the apex : capsule long- 
 ]>edicellate, ovate, oblong or sub-globose, thick-walled, chestnut- 
 color, shining, turbinate when dry and empty ; lid enlarged and 
 conical at base, prolonged into a long oblique tubular beak re- 
 maining attached to the columella and persisting long after dis- 
 ruption from the orifice of the cai)sule ; annulus of a double row 
 of small i)ersistent cells : spores larger than in the preceding. — 
 Stirp. Crypt, ii. C8, t. 24 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 35 and 30. J^ottla 
 curvirostris, Ehrh. 
 
 Haii. Limestone rocks, and on deposits of carbonate of lime or tufa, 
 near springs; very abundant at Niagara Falls. 
 
 4. G. tenue, Schrader. Plants very small, 1 m.m. high, 
 widely subcesj)itose : leaves linear, gradually narrower to the 
 obtuse apex, concave ; pericha!tial leaves sheathing to the 
 middle, there recurved, thinly costate, the inner ecostate and 
 smaller : capsule oblong-elliptical ; lid short-beaked * unnulus 
 broad ; j)eristome mostly none or composed of miinite narrow 
 teeth. — Coll. PI. Crypt, n. 31 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 30. Gi/roioeisia 
 tenuis, Schimp. Syn. 2 ed., 38. Weisia tenuis, Muell. 
 
 Hab. On limestone .ocks, Lake Winnipeg {Drummond). 
 
 12. ANCBOTANGIUM, Schwaegr. (in part). 
 Plants compactedly puUinate-cespitose, with dichotomous 
 an«l fastigiate branches, radiculose their whole length. Leaves 
 si)reading, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, subulate, opaque, 
 
}yelala.] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 55 
 
 (It'iisi'ly papillose, with a round costa. Flowers mond'cious. 
 Capsule erect, oval or 8ul)-gl()l»<)se, with a short inHated oolluin, 
 stnuoth, of thin texture ; lid obliquely loiig-beaked ; annulus 
 very narrow. Spores small. 
 
 A straiifjt! genus {(jcnnn pnrddnxmn, as Schlinpnr calls It), with the 
 dlc'hotonious fustigiate rainiHcatlon of the PUuroairpi, but u true (ii/in- 
 noxtoinnin in th(! shape of the leaves, their areolutiun, and the or^aniza- 
 tioii of tlie capsule. 
 
 1. A. Peckii, Sulliv. Ilesenihlinuj .i. comjutctian., Sehwaei^r., 
 the essential characters of which are indicated in the description 
 of the j^enus, differin<; merely in the j^reat size of the plants, the 
 nnich longer narrowly lanceolate leaves gradually increasing in 
 length u|>ward, subulate-pointed, slightly contracted above the 
 short concave ovate clasping base, carinate-plicate above ; areola- 
 tion more distinctly quadrangular in the upper part of the leaves 
 and chlorophyllose at the base; fruit unknown. — Aust. Muse. 
 Appal, n. G4, and Icon. Muse. Suppl. 8S, t. 2;'). 
 
 IIau. Under overhanging rocks, Catskill Mountains, New York 
 (C. U. Peck). 
 
 2. Peristome swtjile. 
 
 13. WEISIA, Iledw. (PI. 1.) 
 Mosses of small size, cesi)itose or pulvinate. Leaves lanceo- 
 late or linear-lanceolate and subulate, twisted when dry. Flowers 
 mona'cious or ditecious, rarely synceeious. Capsule long-pedicel- 
 late, erect, oval-oblong, symmetrical or rarely slightly incurved, 
 with a peristome of 16 more or less perfect lanceolate teeth» 
 either entire or perforated or split at the apex, or to tlu? middle, 
 solid, transversely articulate, granulose, slightly marked with a 
 vertical divisural line. Spores large, verrucose. 
 
 1. W. Viridula, Brid. Monoecious Plants more or less 
 densely cesj)itose and ])ulvinate, bright een : stems about h 
 cent, long, nearly simple or with fastigiate branches : lower 
 leaves minute, the upper abruptly much lotiger, open and flex- 
 uous, crispate when dry, linear-lanceolate, mucronate by the 
 stout excurrent costa, enlarged at the pale concave and flat- 
 margined base, tubulose in the upper part by the involute 
 
56 
 
 DHYACEJS. 
 
 ( IVeUta. 
 
 
 borders: culyptra ronchin^ to the iniddlo of the capsule: ('ii|>- 
 Hule oval-oMoii^, of thick texture, Hlij^htly constricted under the 
 orifice, wrinkled len^thwiHc when <lry, lijjjht brown ; pedicel 
 twisted to the right; lid lon<^-bc:iked, straij^ht or bent ol)- 
 li(|uely ; teeth very variable, linear-lanceolate, broad or narrow, 
 often truncate or bifid at the apex with two to five articula- 
 tions, sonK'tiines merely rudimentary antl scarcely distinufuish- 
 able; aimulus narrow, persistent. — IJryol. Univ. i. J{;{4; Itryol. 
 Eur. t. '21. W. controverMt and W. tnicrodanta, Iledw. 
 
 Var. stenocarpa, IMiU'll. Capsule narrower, subcylin<lri- 
 cal, thin-walled, substriate, greenish brown ; lid long-beaked, 
 cernuous or curve<l ; teeth nearly entire. 
 
 Var. densifolia, Muell. Plants larger, more densely ccspi- 
 tose: leaves crowtled, narrower; teeth imperfect. 
 
 Var. amblyodon, IMuell. Leaves shorter and broader : 
 teeth truncate, very short or scarcely perceivable, pale. — 
 W. (jjpnnoHtotnoidea and W. iuivrosUmui^ Nees &, llornsch. 
 W. Jirande(/etf Austin, IJull. Torr. Club, vi. 40. 
 
 Var. gymnostomoides, IMuell. Plants small: leaves 
 shorter than in the normal form: ea]>8ule small, elliptical; 
 teeth rudimentary, scarcely visible. — W. ffi/innostotnoidcn, Brid. 
 J/i/rnenostotmim wicrostomiim^ Austin, 3Iu8C. Appal, n. 03. 
 Gymnostomum liauanum^ Austin, Bull. Torr. Club, v. "IX. 
 
 IIau. On the ground in meadows, broken fields, borders of ditelies, clay 
 banks, etc.; var. atcnocarpa in Arkansas (F. L. Ilnrcej/); var. amblyo- 
 don in Colorado, (Brandeyec); the last variety near llethleliem, Pennsyl- 
 vania {E. A. liau, F. Wolle), on rocky ground, Palisades of New Jersey 
 (Austin), New England {Jaims). 
 
 The most connnon, most variable, illusive and ambiguous species. 
 Among the numerous forms wliich have been at ditferent times con- 
 siclered and described as specific, those described above are the more 
 distinct. To the var. f/ymnoatomo'ules are to be referred all the speci- 
 mens that have been communicated under the generic name IlymenostO' 
 mum, which genus is not yet known from North America. 
 
 2. W. longiseta, Lesq. <fc James. Much like the last in 
 the characters of the leaves, it differs in the dicccious inflores- 
 cence, the numerous male plants with gemmiform polyphyllous 
 aggregate flowers, the small curved ovate 8-sulcate capsule on a 
 long, very slender, pale yellow pedicel, the teeth of the peristome 
 large, perfect, linear-lanceolate, lacunose along the divisural 
 line, regularly bifid, spreading when dry, and the spores large 
 and ferruginous. — Proc. Am. Acad. xiv. 130. W, viriduktj 
 
Dicranowcl»Ut.\ 
 
 DKYACK.E. 
 
 67 
 
 var. (tuHtniUsy Aust. Muse. Ai»|>al. Sui>i>I. ii. 4<>(), ami Hull. Ton*. 
 Club, vii. 4. 
 
 Hah. On the Kmiuul, Entoi-prlso, Florida 1 11'. A, Fostvi', AttHthi). 
 
 Tli»' pull! gr«'<'n «'olor of the pliintM, llii! long hK-ikUt y«'lU)wish iK'«llceI, 
 th(! ourv<>(l ciipHulc, iind tlu< luvm* pfi-fomlvU or split tculli givu to this 
 spcolt's tho nppuaraiic(> of a l)ici'<inHin. 
 
 }{. W. Wolfli. Difl'tTs from tlu' lU'cci'iVniLf in tin- jiciicnilly 
 lar^iT li'Uvt'H, lu'arly I'xactly tuI>ulo.st! in tlu' u|)|k'i* part, aii*l 
 curved back when iiH)istcMt'(l, iti tbc wbort )»C(li( cl of tbc cylind- 
 rical oblong cajtsulc, wliicli is not Hulcate nor constricted under 
 the orifice when dry, and in the truncate teeth. 
 
 Hah. On tho ground near Caiiton, IllinoU (N. Wolj). 
 
 The did'clouH liiflori'sconco osprchilly soparate.s this spfclos from W. rlrl- 
 (hdit, var. Htrnocorjxt, and also from IT. vincroiiiilatn, Schimp., which It 
 rusumbles in the form of the leaves and in the peristome. 
 
 14. DIORANOWEISIA, Lindb. 
 Plants of larger isl/e ; branches fastigiate. IVriclni'tium dis- 
 tinct, sheathing. Peristome more perfect ; teeth lanceolate, 
 distinctly articulate, entire or bifid at tho apex. Flowers 
 nioniecious. 
 
 1. D. crispula, Lindb. Plants ]nilvinate, rarely eespitose, 
 yellowish or dark green ; stems slender, 2 c. m. long or more : 
 leaves enlarged at tho concave base, long-subidato and nearly 
 tubuiose in tho upjier ])art, costate to below the apex, open, fal- 
 cate-secund, much crispate when dry ; basilar cells narrowly 
 rectangular, enlarged, quadrato and yellow at the angles ; peri- 
 cluetial leaves short, tubuiose, obtuse, sheathing to near the 
 aj>ex: cajtsulc long-])e<li('ellate, of thin texture, oblong-ovate, 
 rugose, constricted under the orifice when dry ; lid obliquely 
 subulate-rostrate ; teeth of the peristome free to below the orifice 
 of the caj)sule, narrowly lanceolate, entire or split at the apex ; 
 anmdus none. — Lindb. in Milde, Bryol. Siles. 47. Weisia cris- 
 pula, Iledw. Spec. Muse., 68, t. 12 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 26. 
 
 IIah. On decayed trunks, California (Jiolnnder); Rocky Mountains 
 (-£". Uidl, Dojou'c); Utah {Watsoii); Oregon {Nevius). 
 
 2. D. cirrhata, Lindb., I.e. Plants much divide^i, ferruginous 
 111 the lower part, bright green above : leaves open, curved uj) 
 from the middle, the lower short, lanceolate, the upper much 
 longer, ovate-concave at base, linear-lauceolute, carinate and rc' 
 
wm 
 
 58 
 
 HUYACK/K. 
 
 [Orfotoclnla. 
 
 fli'xod oil the borderH in tlu' uppor pnrt, olitiiscly pointtMl, soft, 
 ciiThatf-ciispato wln-ii <lry ; alar ct'llM ^ra<Iually lar^i'r: capNiilu 
 ubloiig or siilicyliiulrical, r(><l<liNli at the <>ritic(t ; liil siilMilatu- 
 roHtratc ; tcctli lint'ar-laiu'folatc, ciitiri' at tlio minutely |iiin(v 
 tulati' apex ; anniilns of three rowH of Htnall cells, persistent. — 
 ]\'titti<i cii'i'/mUi^ IUmIw. Spee. Muse. 01), t. \'l ; IJryol. Kur. t. 2r>. 
 
 Ham. On rockn, boul(l«TH, rootn of trvoH uml (li>('iiy«>il wochI, (.'oiiHt 
 Uuii^cH, CulifuniiA, »n<l ()r<>Koii, vi'iy ooininon; n«>ar Ailit'iis, Illliiuis (E, 
 Jltdl), Hli'i'lli! plaiitM, pcrhiii)!! rfprescaMii^ a variety. 
 
 'Ilie spt'ciuN Ih (liNtiii^tiislKHl from tilt* i>r«>('('(liiig l)y tlm nhortor leaves 
 not an narrowly and lon);-Hul)ulato to tlu' apex. ri>tl<>x«>*l on tli«t liorders, the 
 lunger and narrower capHult', Ihc compound unnnluH, the entire tetali, etc. 
 
 15. OREOWEISIA, Sehimp. 
 Plants pulvinate. Leaves soft, coarsely [tapilloso and minutely 
 serrulate aljove ; hasilar areolation hyaline, the upper chloro- 
 phyllose. IVrichietium not sheathing. C*apsule more or less 
 curved. Intlorescence and peristome of Dicranoireisld. 
 
 1. O. Serrulata, Sehimp. Densely pulvinate-cespitose ; 
 plants ra<lieulose below : leaves crowdcMl, narrowly lanceolate, 
 enlarged and concave to the middle, the pericluetial longer, all 
 flexuous, open or incurve<l, carinate ahove, eostate to helow the 
 somewhat obtuse apex : capsule of thick texture, oblong, short- 
 necked ; i)edicel whitish ; lid with a short blunt inclined beak ; 
 teeth of the peristome dark orange in the lower part, pale above, 
 abruptly lanceolate-siibulate from the enlarged base, entire, [)er- 
 forated or l)ifid, prominently articulate, tlexuous at the apex ; 
 annulus none. — Syn. Muse, (2 ed.), 57. Weiaia serrulata^ 
 Funck ; Brid., Bryol. Univ. i. 804 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 27. 
 
 IlAu. Narrowvllle, Pennsylvania (JamcH); Palisades of New Jersey 
 {Auatin), sterile; Nulato, Alaska (Rotlirock), fertile. 
 
 16. RHABDOWEISIA, Bruch & Sehimp. (PI. 1.) 
 Plants small, dichotomous, densely aggregate. Leaves long, 
 
 narrow, crispate when dry, minutely pa]>illose on both faces ; 
 
 areolation quadrate, chlorojihyllose in the upper part, longer, 
 
 hexagonal and hyaline near the base. Inflorescence monoDcious. 
 
 Ca)>8ule 8-striate, 8-co8tate when dry. Lid long-subulate, beaked. 
 
 Teeth of the peristome linear-subulate, enlarged at base. 
 
t'ljuoiluntium.] 
 
 BHYACK.K. 
 
 no 
 
 1. R. fug^ax, IJrurli it Scliiinit. PiilviMMtf-crspitnsr ; HtfiiiH 
 .J to 1 c. III. loiij^, i!i<liiMiIoM»' lu'lnw : Iravi's liiii-ar-liiiu'iMjlato, 
 iniiiiitc.y <l('iiti('ulatt' or ciitin' at llic apex, cariiiati' in tliu 
 iiiiilillc, flat on tlu' ItonliTs; coMta Miili|K'r«'iirr«'nt : t'alyptra lai'u<': 
 (■a|)Mtl(> Hiiiall, l>n>a<lly ovate, rolilisli hmwii, with a short neck 
 nii«l a |»al»' yt-llow pt'dict'l twistol to the h't't wIh'Ii dry; li*l al>- 
 ni|»tly loiiij-siilailatc from a liroad convi-x hast-; tt-i'th paUs 
 brown, hytrroscopical and fugacious; aniiiihiH narrow, per- 
 histt'nt. — Hryol. Kur. t. 41. W'cinia J'"i/<i>i', lledw. {S]»c'C, 
 MiiHc. (14, t. *i:{. 
 
 Il.vii. FiHsitrcH of MchistoHO 1111*1 Han*Ntoii(> rocks hi inoitntuhia. Whito 
 MoiiiiliiliiH ((hikes, .liimctt); hiikc Superior [Muronit). 
 
 ± R. denticulata, Hnich & Schimp. DilfciH from tho 
 last in the plants hciiiiLfHtrontjcr and loosely ccspitosc, the h'avi's 
 l(tnt;cr, recurved from the middle, cirrhate-«'rispate when dry, 
 sliininij, coarsi'ly and distantly dentate toward the apex, eari- 
 iiate, tho co.sta vanishini^ lower, the capsule more solid, ovatc- 
 glohose, with a more distinct collum, less dee|tly costato when 
 onjpty, tho teeth lanceolate at base, lonujer-subulato and moro 
 solid, darker-colored and persistent. — Hryol. Kur. t. 42. Weisia 
 denticnlatii^ Hrid. Muse. Uecent. Sui>pl. i. lOS. 
 
 \\\\\. Wliite Mountains (Otikvs, JaiiicH); sandstone rocks on Slippery 
 Kock Creek, rcnnsyivania, under tlie shade oi MaynoUu ylutica {Lesque- 
 rcux); near Eustou, Pa. (T. C. Porter). 
 
 17. OYNODONTIUM, Schimp. 
 
 Plants j)ulvlnate-cospito8e. Stems radiculose-tomentose. 
 Leaves gradually longer upward, tufted at tho top of tho 
 branches, open, flexuous, crispate when dry, linear-lanceolate, 
 crenulato or denticulate at the aj)ex, carinate-concave, reflexed 
 on the borders ; areolation ])apillo8e, strongly chlorophyllose, 
 opaque in tho up|)er part of tho leaves, minute, quadrate, not 
 enlarged at tho angles ; costa nearly terete. Flowers monoe- 
 cious, gemmiform. Capsule oval-oblong, with a regular or 
 strumose collum, stri.ate, more or less cost.ate when dry. Oper- 
 culum obliquely beaked. — Dici'aniim, Auct., in j)art. 
 
 1. 0. Schisti, Schimp. Leaves lanceolate from an enlarged 
 oblong base, minutely crenulato on the recurved borders : cap* 
 
Y^mi^ 
 
 CO 
 
 BRYACEiE. 
 
 [Cj/nodontium. 
 
 8ule short-ovate, small, (listinctiy neckctl ; teeth lanceolate, en- 
 tire, rarely perforated, dark |)rrj)le. — Synop. Muse. (ed. 2), Gl. 
 Jiryiim /Schistic Oeder, Fl. ]Jan. t. 88. Weisia jSchisti, lirid. 
 llhabdoiceisia iSchisti, liruch & Schinip. JBryol. Eur. t. 43. 
 Oncophorus »Sc/ntiti, Lindb. 
 
 IlAB. liocky Mountains (iJjMHtmond); Spokan Fall^ {Watson). 
 Closely resembling lihabdoweitsia fiKjax, tUffering i' ^he papillose sur- 
 face of the leaves, and the large lanceolate solid teef 
 
 2. 0. gracilescens, Schlmp. Tufts yellowish or pale 
 green ; stems slender : leaves linear-lanceolate, blunt at the apex, 
 recurved and minutely crenulate on the borders, densely papil- 
 lose on both faces ; costa slender, endincj below the apex ; areo- 
 lation minute, round in the uj^per part, elongated downward : 
 capsule oval-oblong, slightly cernuous or erect, with a short in- 
 distinct collum. ; i)edicel long, slender, ]>ale, more or less flexuous ; 
 lid long-beaked ; teeth regularly bifid to near the bnse, with 
 I'near distantly articulate segments ; annulus very narrow, per- 
 sistent. — Syn. Muse. CI. Dicranum gracilescens, Web. & 
 Mohr, Bot. Tasch. 184; Bryol. Eur. t. 45, 4G; SuUiv. Mosses 
 of U. States, 20. Oncophorus^ Lindb. 
 
 Var, inflexum, Schimp. Plants smaller, soft : capsule 
 nearly pendent from the arcuate pedicel. — Campylopus cirrha- 
 tusy Ilornsch. ; Brid. Bryol. Univ. i. 479. 
 
 Var. alpestre, Schimp. Densely tufted, shorter and less 
 
 divided: leaves narrower, less distinctly papillose: capsule 
 
 smaller. — Dicranum alptestre, Wahl. 
 
 Hah. Subalplne mountains; high summits of the White Mountains, 
 of the Adirondacks, etc., not rare; Rocky Mountains (E. Hall). 
 
 3. 0. polycarpum, Schimp. Stems covered with a thick 
 coating of radicles: leaves close, subcrispate when dry, linear 
 or narrowly lanceolate from the oval base, serrulate at the a])ex, 
 distantly papillose : capsule erect, oblong or subcernuous, with a 
 short regular or strumose collum ; pedicel long, straight, rigid ; 
 lid crenulate on the borders; teeth bifid, more or less irregu- 
 larly divided ; annulus distinct, easily detached. — Syn. Muse. C2. 
 Dicranum polycarpum, Ehrh. ; Bryol. Eur. t. 47 ; SuUiv. 1. c. . 
 
 Var. strumiferum, Schimp. Capsule subcernuous, broadly 
 ovate ; collum strumose. 
 
 Hab. Same as the preceding; Alaska (ITpiioor//); Lake Superior 
 (A(jamz)\ the variety on rocks, at York Factory (Brummond). 
 
 i si 
 
Dichodontiiim.] 
 
 BRYACEiE. 
 
 61 
 
 4. 0. virers, Sehimp. Plants more or loss dcnsoly cosj)i- 
 tose : ieuvc's narrowly huu'oolate, subulate from the half-sheath- 
 int; obluni; base, recurved or revolute on the borders, entire or 
 serrulate at the aj>ex, smooth and minutely areolate ; costa nar- 
 row, ]>er('urrent or slij^htly exeurrent : capsule ovate-oblong or 
 subcylindrical, more or less curved, constricted under the orifice 
 and smooth when dry ; coUum short, abruptly inflated and 
 stnnnose on one side and truncate underneath ; lid erosc at 
 base ; teeth of the peristome more regularly bifid ; annulus none. 
 — Syn. ]Musc. 03. iJicranuni vire?i8, Iledw. Muse. Frond, iii. 
 77, t. 32 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 48 and 49. 
 
 Var. Wahlenbergii, Bruch & Schimp. Stems slender : 
 leaves longer-subulate, slightly retlexcd on the borders, obscurely 
 denticulate, much crispate when dry : capsule shorter, much 
 curved when dry. — Sulliv. 1. c. Oncojihonis Wahlenbergii^ 
 Brid. Aiitjstrcemia^ Muell. 
 
 Var. serratum, Bruch & Schimp. Loosely cespitose : 
 leaves divaricate-si)readiug, curling, coarsely dentate ; capsule 
 less strumose. 
 
 Var. compactum, Bruch & Schimp. Densely tufted, 
 yellowish green ; j)lants shorter and more slender : the leaves 
 shorter, abruptly narrowed from an enlarged base, much cris- 
 pate and very entire : capsule short, gibbous, rouuded-strumose 
 at the neck. 
 
 Hab. Subalpine regions, along streams and In deep glens, on trunks 
 and decayed wood ; not rare and very variable. The first variety in tlie 
 llocky Mountains (Drummond); the second in Dregon (E. IIall)\ the last 
 in the White Mountains {Oakes), and in Tuolumne Caflon and Mono Pass, 
 California, at 9,000 feet altitude (Bolander). 
 
 
 18. DIOHODONTIUM, Schimp. 
 Plants loosely cespitose. Leaves soft, opaque, divaricate- 
 squarrose, lingulate-lanceolate from an enlarged half-sheathing 
 base ; borders iiTegularly serrulate ; medial and basilar areolation 
 rectangular, quadrate and very small on the borders, quadrate, 
 chlorophyllose and obscure at the apex. Flowers dioecious. 
 Capsule solid, cemuous, smooth ; collum distinct, not strumose. 
 Peristome large ; teeth cleft to below the middle. Annulus 
 none. — Dicrmium^ Auct., in part. 
 
 H,m 
 
 
 ^■m 
 
T' 
 
 62 
 
 BRYACF/E. 
 
 [Dichodontium. 
 
 \ i 
 
 1. D. pellucidum, Schimp. Loaves j)elluci(l at the oblong 
 base, linear-lanceolate, hyaline-serrate, papillose on both faces, 
 borders flat, opaque ; costa narrow, crenulate toward the apex, 
 vanishing ])elow : capsule suberect, broadly oval or subglobose; 
 ])edicel soft, flexuous, pale yellow ; li<l obli(juely long-beaked 
 from an enlarged concave base ; teeth of the peristome densely 
 articulate, dark red below, orange above. — Syn. Muse. 65. 
 JJicranum pellacidam, Iledw. Sp. Muse, 142 ; Bryol. Eur. 
 t. 50 and 51. Anystrvemia pelluciday Muell. 
 
 Var. Americanuni, Lesq. Leaves twisted-crispate when 
 dry, shorter and narrower ; cells of the basilar areolation longer : 
 capsule longer. 
 
 Var. serratum, Schimp. Stems longer ; leaves larger 
 and coarsely dentate toward the ajiex : capsule oblong, nearly 
 erect. 
 
 IIab. Cascade Mountains (Lyall), Fort Yale (^faconn) ; the first variety 
 at Brattleborough, Vermont (Frost), an' in deep glens, New Jersey and 
 New York {Austin); var. serratum, Oregon {E. Hall). 
 
 2. D. Oanadense. Stem stout, simi)le: leaves enlarged 
 and clasping at base, subulate-lanceolate, divaricate above, serru- 
 late on the borders ; costa strong and percurrent ; cells of the 
 areolation elongated at base, somewhat oblong above, the mar- 
 ginal shorter, all pellucid : capsule turbinate, unequal, with a 
 broad orifice ; pedicel long, red ; teeth of the peristome large, 
 red, dicranoid. — Cynodontium Canadense^ Mitten, Journ. 
 Linn. Soc. viii. 17. Dicranella Schreheri, var. occidentaUy 
 Austin, Bull. Torr. Club, vi. 344. 
 
 Hab. British America, probably from the Rocky Mountains (Drum- 
 nirjud, n. 101, in part). 
 
 Comparable to Dicranella squarrosa, from wliich it differs in the leaves 
 more narrowly subulate and with the borders serrulate. It should per- 
 haps be placed under Dicranella. 
 
 t i'l 
 
 19. TREMATODON, Michx. (PI. 1.) 
 Plants short, loosely cespitose, sparingly branching. Leaves 
 lanceolate-subulate, costate ; cells of the areolation large. 
 Flowers autoecious. Capsule long-pedicellate, oblong, slightly 
 arcuate, with a long narrow collum. Operculum long-subulate. 
 Annulus simple or compound. Teeth of the peristome narrowly 
 lanceolate, cleft to near the base or lacerate, purple. 
 
Angstroemia.] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 G3 
 
 1. T. ambiguum, Ilornsch. Stems sliort, 1 or 2 c. m. loiii^: 
 leaves open, laiieeolate-subulate, caiialieulate from an obloni^- 
 ovate base ; perieluetial leaves large, oblong, with a short lanceo- 
 late-acuminate point: capsule equal in length to the cylindrical 
 slightly arched collum or shorter; annulus large, revoluble ; 
 teeth of the peristome cleft to near the base or in the middle 
 only ; segments sometimes irregularly lacerate. — Hegens. Flora, 
 ii. 88 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 9G. JJicninum autbiyuiun^ IIe<l\v. 
 jNIusc. Frond, iii. 87, t. 36. I'renmtodon lon</icollls, SuUiv. 
 & Lesq. Muse. 13or.-Am. n. 75, in part, and (ed. 2), n. 9(3. 
 
 Hab. Wet sandy places in hilly districts; peat bogs, ditches, etc. 
 
 2. T. longicollis, Michx. Differs from the last in the 
 shorter ])lants, the perieluetial leaves more gradually and longer 
 acuminate, the collum of the oblong-cylindrical capsule twice as 
 long, the teeth of the peristome narrower pubulate with nodose 
 articulations perforated along the divisural line, rarely dis- 
 jointed in two segments. — 1*1. Bor.-Am. ii. 289 ; Sulliv. Muse. 
 AUegh. n. 173, and Icon. Muse. 31, t. 19 ; SuUiv. & Lesq. Muse. 
 Bor.-Am. (ed. 2), n. 95. 
 
 IIab. Moist clayey or sandy soil, from Pennsylvania and New Jersey 
 southward. 
 
 20. ANGSTRCEMIA, Bruch & Schimp. 
 Plants densely gregarious. Stems erect. Leaves minute, 
 closely imbricate and ap]>ressed, with a thin costa vanishing 
 below the apex ; areol .tion loose. Flowers dioecious ; male 
 flowers discoid-gem maceous, terminal. Caj>sule erect, globose- 
 ovate, symmetrical, solid, long-pedicellate. Lid short-beaked 
 from a conical base. Teeth of the peristome bifid from the 
 middle, rarely simple. 
 
 1. A. longipes, Bruch & Schinij). Stems simple or 
 sparingly divided ; basilar branches filiform, strict : lower leaves 
 distant, very small, ovate, obtusely short-acuminate, the upper 
 and the perieluetial tufted, oblong-ovate, longer acuminate, 
 concave : capsule small, truncate when deoperculate ; annulus 
 none. — Bryol. Eur. t. 94. Weisia louffipes, Sommerf. Suppl. 
 Flor. Lapp. 52, t. Dicranum jidaceum^ Hook. & Wils., 
 Brumm. Muse. Am. n. 100. 
 
 Hab. Portage on the CoUimbia River, British America (Drummond). 
 
 ,ii 
 
 
rr 
 
 m^ 
 
 04 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 [Dicranella, 
 
 21. DICRANELLA, Schimp. 
 Plntits gontM'iilly small. Leaves smooth; cells of the loose 
 areolatioii slightly chlorophyllose, the upper oblong-hexagonal, 
 the lower long-rectangular. Flowers ilia'cious, rarely nionoj- 
 cious. Capsule generally cernuous, sometimes striate. Peristome 
 large ; teeth regularly bitid, closely articulate, vertically striolate; 
 segments filiform, minutely granulose. 
 
 # Leaves squarrose or spreadinff all around. 
 
 1. D. Crispa, Schimp. Monoecious : plants small, slender, 
 
 subcespitose : leaves square-ovate, half-sheathing at base, abrui)tly 
 
 long-subulate, minutely serrulate at the a)>ex, si^reading, flexuous, 
 
 crispate when dry : capsule without collum, erect, short-oval, 
 
 plicate-ribbed when dry ; lid long-subulate, erect or oblique, 
 
 crenidate at base ; aimulus narrow. — Bryol. Eur. Coroll. 
 
 13 ; Braithw. Brit. Moss-Fl. i. 105, t. 15, D. Dicramim cria- 
 
 pwn, Iledw. Stirj). Muse. ii. 91, t. 33 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 55. 
 
 Hab. Near the Highlands, Rocky Mountains, British America {Drum- 
 mond); Gallon Mountains (Lyall)', McLeod Lake, Canada {Macoun). 
 
 2. D. Grevilleana, Schimp. Monoecious : plants more 
 densely crowded and stronger : leaves enlarged and undulate at 
 the oblong basp-, abruptly long-lanceolate subulate, entire ; 
 perichfetial leaves with a long tubulose sheathing base : caj)sule 
 cernuous, obovate or oval, obscurely striate, with a short stru- 
 mose collum ; lid subulate, shorter than in the last sj)ecies ; 
 annulus none. — Bryol. Eur. Coroll. 13. Dicranum ScJireheria- 
 niim^ Grev. Scot. Crypt, t. 116 ; Hook. & Wils., Drumm. Muse. 
 Am. n. 97. Dicranum Grevilleamim^ Bryol. Eur. t. 54. Ani- 
 sothecium Grevillei, Lindb. Utk. Nat. Grupp. Eur. Bladm. 33 ; 
 Braithw. 1. c. 113, t. 16, D. 
 
 JIab. Alpine stations in British America {Driimmond). 
 
 It is not certain that this species lias been found in America. Accord- 
 ing to Schimper, n. 97 of Drummond's Mosses represents it, but an ex-' 
 aminatlon of tlie specimens given in three different sets under this num- 
 ber sliows that they all represent I>. Schreberi, 
 
 3. D. Schreberi, Schimp. In size and aspect this species 
 is like the preceding, from which it differs in its dioecious in- 
 florescence, the leaves shorter, carinate above, not as abruptly 
 and narrowly subulate, serrulate toward the apex, and in the 
 
Dicranella,] 
 
 BRTACEvE. 
 
 66 
 
 shorter less distinct colliim of the smooth (not striate) capsule. 
 — JJryol. Eur. Coroll. 13. Dicranum jSchreberi, Swartz. ; 
 Iledw. Si>. Muse. 144, t. 83 ; 15ryol. Eur. t. 53. AnisotUeciwa 
 o'l'spii/fi, Lindb. ; Braithw. 1. c., t. 10, E. 
 
 Var. OCCidentalis, Aust. Leaves often very entire ; cells 
 half as broad. — Bull. Torr. Club, vi. 344. 
 
 IIaij. Hills in tlie Adirondaclc Mountains {Leaquereux)', Wlilto Moun- 
 tains of New England, and clay ditches near Lancaster, Pcnnsylviinia 
 {James)', the variety near Portland, Oregon (AViuit.s). 
 
 4. D. SquarrOSa, Schimp. Dicecious: ])lants robust, ces- 
 pitose, radieulose, yellowish or dark-ujreen : leaves enlarijfed, and 
 sheathing at the oblonpf base, lanceolate, concave, divaricato- 
 scjuarrose from the middle, blunt at the crenidate apex: capsule 
 obovate or oblong-ovate, cenuious, with a short distinct ct)lluni 
 or none ; lid long-conical or short-bcjiked ; annulus none. Bryol. 
 Eur. Coroll. 13. iJlcranimi sr/uarrosum, Schrad. Journ. Bot. 
 v. 68 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 52. Atiisothecium sqiiarrosum Lindb. ; 
 Braithw. 1. c. 114, t. 10, F. 
 
 IIab. Alaska (//rtrrJ«i/<on). 
 
 * * Leaves secund or suhsecund. Floicers dioecious. 
 
 5. D. cerviculata, Schimp. Densely and widely cespitose, 
 bright green; stems short, 1 cent, long; leaves half-clasj)ing at 
 base, flex'uous, spreading or secund, lanceolate-subulate, con- 
 cave, entire, glossy ; costa flat, percurrent, enlarged at base : 
 caf>sule light brown, broadly ovate, gibbous with a short stru- 
 mose colluni; pedicel slender, yellow ; annulus very narrow, j)er- 
 sistent ; lid long subulate-rostrate. — Bryol. Eiu-. Coroll. 13; 
 Braith. 1. c. 109, t. 16, A. Dicranum cerviculattcm, Iledw. 
 Muse. Frond, iii. 89, t. 37 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 50 ; Sulliv. Mosses 
 of U. States, 21. 
 
 Had. Upon peat, on the sides of ditches in cranberry marshes of 
 Northern Ohio (Lesquereux); White Mountains (James). 
 
 6. D. varia, Schimp. Gregarious or cespitose; plants 
 short : leaves erect-spreading or turned to one side, oblong at 
 base, gradually lanceolate-subulate, carinate, entire or slightly 
 denticulate at the apex ; costa percurrent : capsule reddish- 
 brown, cernuous, oblong-ovate, with a short indistinct collum, 
 constricted under the orifice Avhen dry ; lid large, short-be.iked ; 
 peristome large, dark red, the teeth connivent at the apex 
 into a cone; annulus none. — Bryol. Eur. Coroll. 13. Dicra- 
 
 
 
 
 m 
 
 
 ^ ' h|i;5 
 
 1 
 
 ) 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 ' !'^?I1 
 
 1 
 
 ■ -''*ljil 
 
 1 
 
 .1 
 
 «kSi£ 
 
 Wl 
 
 ■XS^^ 
 
 H 
 
 '•.>.. 
 
 4^H 
 
 H 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 ■■?E 
 
 1 
 
66 
 
 BRYACEiE. 
 
 [Dicranella. 
 
 1 ,; 
 
 i 
 
 nnm varium, Iledw. Muse. Frond, ii. 93, t. 34; Bryol. Eur. t. 57 
 and 58 ; SuUiv. 1. c. Anisot/iectum varium, Mitt. A. nibrumy 
 Lindl). ; Braithw. 1. c. 110, t. IG, IJ. 
 
 IIau. Wet ground; clayey and sandy banks in plain districts. 
 
 A very coniniun and variable species. Plants with capsules of diverse 
 forms are often foinid in the same tufts. 
 
 7. D. rufescens, Schimp. Of the same size and appearance 
 as the hast, differint? in the less crowde<l falcite-seeund Hiiear- 
 lanceohite leaves with a broader areolation, the capsule ovate, 
 erect, symmetrical, smaller, the pedicel dark red, and the lid 
 conical-acuminate. — Bryol. Eur. Coroll. 13. JJicranvm rufes- 
 cens, Turner, Muse. Ilibern. GG ; Bryol. Eur. t. 50 ; Sulliv. 1. c. 
 Anisotheciam rufescens^ Lindb. ; Braithw. 1. c. llli, t. IG, C. 
 
 Had. Clay and gravelly soil, plains and mountains. 
 
 8. D. debilis. Size and apfiearance of the plants same as 
 
 in the precedinj;. Leaves gradually increasing in length from 
 
 the base ui)ward, linear-lanceolate, with borders undulate and 
 
 recurved ; areolation loose ; costa vanishing below the blunt 
 
 apex : capsule oval, erect, symmetrical, without collum ; lid 
 
 long-rostrate, straight ; annulus large, sim]»le. — Uicrantun debile^ 
 
 Hook & Wils., Drumm. Muse. Am. (Coll. II.), n. 51, 52; Sulliv. 
 
 Mosses of U. States, 21, and Icon. Muse. 33, t. 20. 
 
 Had. Banks of ditches and roadsides, J?outh Carolina to Florida; very 
 common in Cuba. 
 
 9. D. SUbulata, Schimp. Loosely tufted and somewhat 
 
 larger than the last : leaves half-clasping at the ellij)tical base, 
 
 narrowed above into a long setaceous subulate entire point ; 
 
 costa excurrent ; areolation minute ; pericluctial leaves tubulose 
 
 at base, abruptly longer subulate: capsule cernuous, ovate, 
 
 gibbous, not strumose or slightly so, obscurely striate, plicate 
 
 when dry ; pedicel long, red ; lid long subulate-rostrate, curved ; 
 
 annulus double. — Bryol. Eur. Coroll. 13. Dicranum sitbulatum, 
 
 Hedw. Spec. Muse. 128, t. 34 ; Bryol. Eur. t. GO ; Sidliv. 1. c. 21. 
 
 Dicranella secimda^ Lindb. ; Braithw. 1. c. 106, t. 15, E. 
 
 Hab. Alpine and subalpine regions, eastern and western slopes of 
 North America; not uncommon. 
 
 10. D. heteromalla, Schimp. Plants cespitose, of medium 
 size, simple or forking : leaves crowded, secund, lanceolate from 
 the base, narrowly long-subulate, denticulate or entire at the 
 apex, glossy ; perichaetial leaves Avith a short half-clasping base, 
 abruptly and narrowly long-subulate : capsule cernuous, more 
 
Dicranum.] 
 
 BUYA'E.K. 
 
 67 
 
 or li'S8 reclined, ovate or oblonj:?, obsciircly striate, plicate wlu'U 
 dry, with a short, often indistinct, coHuin, slijj;htly constricted 
 under the obliipiely inclined orilice ; pedicel yellow ; lid lons^ 
 sulmlate-beaked ; teeth bifid or triHd; annulus simple, very nar- 
 row. — Bryol. Eur. Coroll. 1:5; IJraithw. iirit. jMoss-F1. i. 107, 
 t. 1.'), G. JJicrtomm hettirotnullHtn^ liedw. 3Iusc. Frond, i. G8, 
 t. ii<) ; Uryol. Eur. t. Oli ; SuUiv. 1. c. 
 
 Il.vu. Kocks, clay banks, naked soil, roots of trees, especially in moun- 
 tainous regions; very common. 
 
 A very variable species; the leaves sometimes erect-open and strict (var. 
 orf/ioiihi/lla), or interruptedly tufted (var. interruptti, Schimp.); capsule 
 sometimes straight (var. ortliuairpa), etc. It is easily distinguished from 
 tlie preceding by the bright color of the glossy leaves and the yellow pedi- 
 cel of tlie reddish capsule, wliicli elongated when dry has its orifice curved 
 inward or oblique. 
 
 11. D. CUrvata, Schimp. Loosely cespitose ; steins shorter 
 than in the last species : leaves setaceous, subulate from a short 
 ovate base, canaliculate upwards, minutely denticulate at the 
 apex, falcate ; perichajtial leaves longer at the oblong base : ca|>- 
 sule erect or scarcely inclined, oblong, distinctly striate, sym- 
 nu'trical; lid large at the higldy convex base, less narrowly 
 subulate; teeth regtilarly bifid to the middle; annulus broader. 
 — Hryol. Eur. Coroll. 13 ; Braithw. 1. c. 106, 1. 15, F. JJicmnum 
 curmtum, Hedw. Sj). Muse. 132, t. 31 ; Hryol. Eur. t. 61. 
 
 IIab. On sandstone, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania (7'. ('. Porter);, 
 White Mountains (James). Very rare. 
 
 22. DIORANUM, ITedw. (PI. 1,2.) 
 Plants large, once or many times dichotomous. Stems radio 
 nlose at base or all covered with a coating of radicles. Leaves 
 spreading or secund, rarely papillose, lanceolate-subulate or long- 
 lanceolate, with a solid semi-terete more or less dilated costa ; 
 cells of the areolation linear-oblong in the upper part of the 
 leaves, long and generally very narrow toward the base, enlarged 
 quadrate and sometimes inflated and colored at the angles ; peri- 
 cha3tial leaves more or less sheathing. Flowers moncecious or 
 dioicious. Capsule erect or cernuous, with a regular or rarely 
 strumose collum. Operculum subulate-beaked. Teeth of the 
 peristome bifid, purjDle at base. 
 
 ^■fi! 
 
 :!f! 
 
 >i,il! 
 
 i.''i 
 
 m 
 
 n 
 
 m 
 ill 
 
 m 
 
 M 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 im 
 
 
68 
 
 UUYACE.E. 
 
 [Dicranum. 
 
 # Plants small^ tniniy yellow: capsule short-jyedicellate, en- 
 
 larf/ed at the orifice when dry ; teeth very hyyroscojnc, 
 radiate-spreadlny when dry. 
 
 1. D. fulvellum, Smith. ^fonfToious: clensoly imlvinatc ; 
 
 Htoins hU'ikUt, 1 c. in. loiifjj : loaves falciite-socund, concave, 
 
 oMonjj; at base, Hulmlatc-canaliculato to the obscurely serrulate 
 
 apex ; costa percurreiit ; perieha'tial leaves sheathing to the 
 
 middle, lanceolate, long setaceous-tubulose above : capsule 
 
 small, ovate-oblong, erect or slightly ccrnuous, with a short 
 
 eipiail collum, smooth, constricted under the broad orifice when 
 
 <lry ; lid obli(juely short-beaked ; teeth split into two unequal 
 
 long-subulate segments; annidiis double. — Fl. Brit. ill. 1209 ; 
 
 Schimi). Syn. 77 ; Braithw. 1. c. 141, t. 19, G. Arctoa fulvella^ 
 
 Bryol. Eur. t. 8G; Sulliv. Mosses of U. States, 19. 
 
 1 1 An. On wet black soil in alpine regions, and in fissures of rocks; 
 hlj^liest mountains of New England and New York. 
 
 * * Plants laryer^ many times dichotomoiis, prostrate at base : 
 
 leaves close^ falcate: capsule cernuous with strumose collum: 
 flowers monoecious. 
 
 2. D. Starkii, Web. & Mohr. Plants green, ccspitose: 
 leaves setaceous-subulate from an ovate-lanceolate base, entire, 
 falcate-secund, cris])ate when dry ; cells of the areolation linear 
 nearly to the base, square-inflated at the angles : capsule cylin- 
 drical-oblong, more or less arcuate, obscurely striate ; lid subu- 
 late, long-beaked ; annulus double, large. — Bot. Tasch. 189 ; 
 Bryol. Eur. t. 64; Braithw. Brit. Moss-Fl. i. 144, t. 20, C. 
 
 II AB. Alpine regions, in fissures of rocks and on the ground ; White 
 Mountains (Oafces, Janies,)\ Rocky Mountains {Lrummond, Muse. Am. 
 n. 83). 
 
 3. D. falcatum, Iledw. Differs from the last in its more 
 compact growth, the leaves more regularly and strongly falcate, 
 <lark green passing to black, obscurely denticulate at the apex, 
 not crisjiate when dry, with alar cells smaller and scarcely or 
 not at all inflated : the capsule is shorter, thick, inflated or 
 gibbous, not striate, with a shorter pedicel ; peristome dark 
 purple ; annulus simi)le, narroAver. — Sp. Muse. 150, t. 32 ; 
 Bryol. Eur. t. 65 ; Braithw. 1. c. 143, t. 20, B. 
 
 Has. Same as the preceding. 
 
 4. D. Bl3rttii, Bruch & Schimp. Tufts loose, dusky green ; 
 stems erect, divided into fragile slender branches : leaves erect 
 
Dicranum.] 
 
 BRYACEiE. 
 
 69 
 
 at base, sprcadinpf, floxuous or 8ul»8ocun<l above, l.uu't'olatu- 
 Kultuliiti', t'ntiiT, shorter arid iiarrowi-r than in the two luvccdinsr 
 Hpc'cios, very thinly costate ; alar cells larije, inflated ; ])eri('hu}- 
 tial leaves lon^-sheathini^, shorter pointed : eapsule smaller, 
 cernuous or ineurve<l, not jjfibbous but stnunose, snio<»th; ti-eth 
 of the periHtoine narrower: male flowers near the base of the 
 innovations, not close to the perichiutium as in both the preced- 
 in<Jt species. — Hryol. Eur. t. 03. JJ. iSc/iisti, Lindb. 
 11 AU. iSaiue as tho preceding. 
 
 * * * Plants cespitose, tomentose: areolation injtoted <it the 
 basal angles: Jlotcers diucious ; pen't'/nrtiufn sheathituj : 
 capsule erect, lon(/-ovate with a short ef/nal collton ; pedicel 
 p((le, twisted to the le/l ichen dry ; teeth iiarroifer. 
 
 f). D. Strictum, Schleich. Plants })ale or yellowish ujreen : 
 leaves rij^id, very brittle, lanceolate-subulate, canaliculate above ; 
 alar cells very larj^e, orange : teeth dark-orange, irregularly 
 bifid ; annulus very narrow. — Schwajgr. Supj)!. i. 188, t. 43 ; 
 Hryol. Eur. t. 0(3. 
 
 IlAn. Decayed trunks; Lake Superior {Arffiaslz)', Little Slave Lake 
 {M(icoun); Fort Colville (Lijall)', Northwestern Montana, and on Kettle 
 Ikiver and at Spokan Falls, Washington Territory ( IWitson); mountains 
 of California (Bulaiider). 
 
 0. D. montanum, Iledw. Plants densely and widely 
 ccspitose : leaves soft, spreading or slightly secund, crispate 
 when dry, lanceolate-subulate, concave, serrulate, slightly pajul- 
 lose on the back and green above, i)ale, smooth and loosely 
 areolate in the lower part ; alar cells small, tawny ; ])erich<'etial 
 leaves abruptly subulate : capsule pale, obscurely striate ; 
 annulus rather large. — 8p. Muse. 143, t. 35 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 07. 
 
 Hau. On decaying trunks, northern and mountain regions; rare. 
 
 7. D. viride, Schimp. Plants pulvinate and ccspitose : 
 leaves brittle, open-erect, lanceolate-subulate, canaliculate, thick- 
 costate ; areolation rectangular, short in the upper part, larger 
 and hyaline from the middle downward, brown at the angles ; 
 perichaitial leaves abruptly subulate : capsule oblong, erect 
 or slightly curved. — Bryol. Eur. Suppl. Dicranum, 1, t. 1. 
 Campylopiis viridis, Sulliv. & Lesq. Muse. Bor.-Ani. n. 72 ; 
 Sulliv. Mosses of U. States, 103, and Icon. Muse. 30, t. 18. 
 
 Hab. Trunks of prostrate trees in dense woods; not rare in the North- 
 ern States, but not yet found in fruit. 
 
 M 
 
 I ' 
 
 
 '11' 
 
 i 
 
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 I'tj 
 
 P 
 
 li 
 
 m 
 
 !1 
 
70 
 
 DIIYACE.H:. 
 
 [Dicramim. 
 
 H 
 
 M 
 
 H. D. flagellare, lTt'<lw. Tufts comimct, bri^lit ^iven ; 
 Htt'iiiH Mliort, ))r<Mluciii<^' from tin; axils of tho upjK'r li'jivt's stiiall 
 sIciuliT fiii^'ucious hniiiclik'ts (,ffot/ttltf) with very sMinll n]*- 
 pressed hnicteal leaves: stem-leaves laneeolate-suhiilate, con- 
 cave, (lenticiilate at the apex, suhsecund, the upper twisted when 
 dry; costa broad, compressed: capsule lon^'-cylindrical, striate, 
 somewhat plicate when dry. — Muse. Frond, iii. 1, t. 1 ; IJryol. 
 Eur. t. <)S ; Hraithw. I. c. lor), t. liJJ, C. 
 
 Var. SUbfluitans, Aust. stems immorsed, lont^er, slender; 
 leaves more distant. — Hull. Torr. Club, vi. 5U4. 
 
 Haii, Decuyoil trunks in deep wooc's, very conunon. Tho variety in 
 depressions of Hat rocks; New York, sterile {Auntiii). 
 
 9. D. fulvum, Hooker. Plants dusky yellow or brownish 
 preen, loosely cespitose; stems solid, curved down at base: 
 leaves spreadinjjf, tlexuous or falcate-secund, tufted at tlu' apex, 
 erispato when dry, narrowly ovate at base, j^radually lon<jf-seta- 
 ceous-subulate, canaliculate to tho denticulate apex : ca)»sulo 
 short-pedicellate, cylindrical-oblonuj, brown or black, plicate 
 when old; aniiulus double, narrow. — Muse. Exot. t. 149. D. 
 inter, /jttum, IJrid. ; IJryol. Eur. t. 09 ; Sulliv. Mosses of U. States, 
 2-2. ISyrrhopodon Ci) liauei, Aust. Bull. Torr. Club, vi. 74. 
 
 II AH. Sliaded saiidstono rocks In liilly regions; not rare. 
 
 .Tutlginsr from the tleseription of the autlior, Syrrhopodon liaiiei 
 differs from ihls species In heing less robust, the leaves shorter and less 
 crowded, the areolar ion less enlarged, the costa not as strong, the male 
 flowers terndnal. These are the characters of the yoimg plants of D.J'iil- 
 vioti, the leaves being sliorter, less crowded, and of a more delicate texture. 
 Tlie male flowers are always terminal, only puslied aside each succeeding 
 year by the new innovations, the tufted leaves at the tops of tlie innova- 
 tions giving the stems an Interrupted appearance. 
 
 10. D. longifolium, Iledw. Tufts soft, pale or whitish 
 preen, glossy ; stems arched and geniculate, slender, slightly 
 radiculose : leaves long, falcate-secund, rarely spreading, open 
 at the short lanceolate base, constricted into a very long sub- 
 tubulose-subulate point, serrate above on the borders and the 
 back ; inner pericha»tial leaves convolute and sheathing to near 
 the apex : capsule cylindrical, erect or slightly curved, not stri- 
 ate, yellowish brown; pedicel reddish in the lower part. — 
 Muse. P'rond. iii. 24, t. 9 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 72; Braithw. 1. c. 158, 
 t. 24, B. 
 
 Var. strictius, Aust. Stems longer, more rigid, immersed ; 
 leaves shorter, erect. — Bull. Torr. Club, vi. 344. 
 
Dlcranum.] 
 
 DUYACE^E. 
 
 71 
 
 Var. pluxnosum, Lc'8(|. HypMoid-pIinnoso in nspoct ; tufts 
 very Ioomu; hIi'iiim mostly MiiiipN', without radicU'M: Icavt's louijt'r, 
 narrower, open, tIcxuouH or falcate, denticulate on the honlers, 
 rupowe on tlie back. — JHcrdnodontimn nitidntH^ ,]i\u\vn^ \\\\\\. 
 Torr. Chih, vi. :J4. 
 
 II AU. Kucks niid biirk of livhif; troos, Ww boorh OHponinlly, In hiiI>- 
 alpiiK! r«>};lun!i; nut ran^ in tlit; Adlroutlark nuuuitains. Var. Htrirtiim, lii 
 dt'pressioiiJt on flat rocks, with tlu! varlnty of It, jUujvHarc (AuHHn)\ var. 
 plitinoHiiin, al Dlxvillu Notcli, Nuw Hampshire, undttr a dam (,huuvn). 
 
 11. D. albicans, IJrueh & Sehimp. IMantu ih'nscly cespi- 
 tose, yellowish j^reen when moistened, whitish when «lry ; stems 
 stout and very lonjjf, thii'kly tomentose : leaves erect or 
 slinhtly turned to one side, oMoufjf at hase, narrowly lanceolate- 
 acuminate, nearly tubulose l)y the incurving honlers; eosta very 
 broad, eidar^ed at base and Hllin|;f the whole leaf except a nar- 
 row border; outer pericluutial leaves sijort-shcathinij; at base, 
 abruptlv lanceolate-subulate and broadlv cost ate, the inner Ionic- 
 sheathintjf, ecotitate : capsule lonj;, cylindrical, smooth ; beak of 
 the lid as lonuj as the capsule, narrowly subulate; teeth lar;j;e, 
 densely striolate, papillose above, connate at base, bifid and per- 
 forated to the middle; annulus sim|»le, large. — IJryol. Kur. 
 t. 7.'}. ( \unp>jh>pn8 tShttwli, Wils. 
 
 ILvn. Subalpine and arctic regions; Nortliwestern America (/>(H<(7;a.s). 
 
 * # * # IHiints of lanje size, radicitlose-toniCHtose to the base 
 of the hiffhest i/mooatio/is : leases Umf/, more or less cunuid, 
 lanceolate-Hubtdate, glossy ; areolation of tlui basilur utujles 
 broadly quadrate: Jlowers dioecious ; male buds often 2>ro- 
 duced on small animal plants from the 2)rothalliHm and 
 mixed in the felt of radicles: capsule lony, cerniiouSy 
 arcuate. 
 
 12. D. elongatum, Schwaecfr. Plants in compact yellow- 
 ish jifreen tufts ; stems very long and slender : leaves open-erect 
 or subsecund, lanceolate-subulate from an enlarged oblong base, 
 very entire, smooth ; costa narrow, vanishing in the apex ; cells 
 of the areolation very narrow, enlarged, quadrangular at the 
 angles: capsule cernuons, gibbous-ovate, 8ul)striate, furrowed- 
 }>licate when empty ; pedicel pale, comparatively short ; lid ])ale, 
 long-subulate, rostrate from a conical base ; annulus 8imj)le, nar- 
 row. — Suppl. i. 171, t. 43 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 76. 2>. Macomii, 
 Aust., Coult. Bot. Gaz. ii. 96, sterile specimens. 
 
 II'. 
 
 I I ■ 
 
 :i''iii 
 
 i'il 
 
72 
 
 nRTArE.f: 
 
 (/i/r-niHum. 
 
 ^'ar. orthoCftrpuXUi Schimp. IMantN blonder : IciivfU 
 MhorttT, cnu't; riijtHuU' hiiiiiII, crrcl. 
 
 IIaii. lloK" mill tliitnp rockn, lit alpiiio and Kii)>iilpit)i> n>^it>iiM; Mount 
 Marry; WliiU; M(»iintiiinN; Northt-rn hIioh^a of l.iiko Supfrior ( .t{/(iMvi/i); 
 Kocky MDUnlaluH {Di'itiiiinoml)] Vunooiivcr IhIiukI (Mhidkii). 
 
 \>i. D. fuscescenSi Turn. IMantn loosi'ly cospitosc, vnri- 
 ul)lo in Hizf, Nlciidor or roltiist: leaves more or less tul'tetl at tlu? 
 topH of the iimovatiouM, He<Mm<l or Mexuous, pale ^^reeii or tawfiy 
 yellow, slightly twisted in the upper part when dry, narrowly 
 laneeolate-suhulate, coneave ; cost." Hat and broad; cells of the 
 areolation minute, rounde<l-<|uadratu in the tipper part of the 
 leaves, lon^ and narrowly rectanLjular from the middle down- 
 ward, even to the hmv, near the costa, enlar<j;ed, ipiadrate and 
 yellow at the aiii^les; pericluetial leaves sheathlni;, abruptly 
 Hhort-suhulate pointed: caly|ttra larjije, white: capsuK' ovate- 
 oblonj;, more or less turt;i<l, inflated at the colliim, striate, fur- 
 rowed when dry ; lid pale, lonix subulate-beaked ; teeth irrejxu- 
 larly split and perforated; annulus narrow. — Muse. Ilibeni. (10, 
 t. f). J>. ('0H(/i'f<ti(tti, IJrid. Muse. Recent. Suj>pl. i. 17(5; IJryol. 
 Kur. t. 77 ; SuUiv. Mosses of V. States, l>-2. 
 
 Var. longirostre, Schimp. Leaves narrower, crispate when 
 dry, Hubserrulato at the apex : capsule shorter, ovate, turbid, 
 distinctly striate; lid with a longer slender beak. — J), hmyi- 
 rofifrt', Scliwaeji^r. 
 
 Var. flexicaule, Schimj). Stems lonjj, decumbent, genicu- 
 late or Hexuous, without radicles : leaves falcate secund : cajv 
 sule long-pedicellate. — J). Jlexicaule, IJrid. 
 
 Var. angUStifolium, Schimp. Plants short, densely tufted : 
 leaves erect, narrow, blackish or dull green. 
 
 IlAn. On rocks and decayed wood, very common in mountainous 
 regions and very variable. The above described varieties and sonieotliers 
 less marked have been observed in Nortli America. Tlie species is rare 
 in California. A variety witli leaves papillose on the back has been sent 
 from tlie redwoods of that State by Bolander. 
 
 14. D. Muhlenbeckii, Bruch & Schimp. Plants densely 
 cc8j)itose and tomentose, dark green, passing to black when 
 old ; stems long, erect : leaves crowded, spreading, flexuous, 
 twi8ted-crisi)ate when dry, lanceolate-subulate, concave or sub- 
 tubulose above, denticulate toward the apex, smooth on the 
 back, loosely areolate toward the base ; alar cells not inflated 
 nor enlarged, orange-colored ; inner pericha3tial leaves long* 
 
Die ran Mm. I 
 
 3KYACE.E. 
 
 73 
 
 tulmloHo, abruptly sliort-siilmlatf : cnpstilo croct, ryliiulrifjii, 
 Hulmrt'iuit*', Mt'iirci'Iy Htriiitc, on » lon^ Miraw-colortMl |u'(lici'l ; lid 
 Hhortcr tliaii in tlu* l.iHt HpccicH, ()l)li(|iu> ; anniiliis narrow.— 
 Uryol. Eur. t. 7S. Camjii/iajnin /iduciy AiiMt., (."«»ult. IWjt. (laz. 
 1 I'M 
 
 11. VII. Kootn of trtoH in thu Kooky MounlaluH (/v. Hull}; Santa F*c, 
 New Mexico (I'Vinllrr). 
 
 IT). D. rhabdocarpum, Snlliv. CloNily allied to the pn- 
 (M'dini;, it differs in the plants heinij siinjde or rarely divided hy 
 innovations, the leaves laneeolate or slii^htlv snluilate or linear- 
 laneeolate, acuminate, open-ereet or suhseeund, crispatc when 
 <lry, the inner perieluetial leaves narrowed into a lon^ thonj^- 
 shaped point, thu ea|»side narrower eylindrieal, ereet, snhstru- 
 nioso or inllate<l at the loni^ eolluin, stronj^ly striate especially 
 when ilry, polished, the long straight-beaked li<l, the teeth palu 
 red and more regular, the annulus large and suhrevoluhlu. — 
 Mem. Am. Aoad. n. wer. iv. 17*J, t. JJ. 
 
 II AH. Same as tliu Inst; Hocky Mountiiiiis (E, Hull, Downit:)] Mt. 
 Gralium, Arizona (I{i)tlirock)', iSiinta Fu (FemUcr). 
 
 1(5. D. fragilifolium, Lindh. Plants densely eespitose ; 
 stems slender, ereet : leaves erect, strict, brittle and generally 
 broken at the apex, lanceolate, gradually narrowed from the 
 base'into a long setaceous point, very entire, glossy ; cells of 
 the areolation (juadrato above, rectangular belo>v, tilled with 
 greenish yellow chlorophyll, i)eUucid and enlarged at the angles ; 
 l»erich{etial leaves convolute, sheathing, constricted into a setar 
 ceons j»oint : capsule ovate, striuto by dark lines to below the 
 orifice, furrowed when dry ; lid with a subulate curved pale 
 beak ; teeth entire to above the middle, bifid, not perforated 
 above ; annulus simple, revoluble. — Schimiiu Syn. 89, and 
 Bryol. Eur. Suj>pl. JJicranum, 2, t. 2. 
 
 II AB. Vancouver Island (Macoun, 1875). 
 
 * 17. D. SCOparium, ITedw. In loose yellowish, rarely green 
 tufts; stems solid, generally long: leaves secund or falcate, 
 rarely erect, more or less tufted at the top of the innovations, 
 linear-subulate from a lanceolate base, sharply serrate and undu- 
 late (m the borders in the upper part ; costa compressed, fur- 
 rowed and denticulate on the back tow.mi the apex ; areolation 
 rectangular in the upper part, narrower and vermicular toward 
 the base, large, quadrate, orange-colored at the angles : male 
 
rr—m— iPirr* 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Dlcranum. 
 
 "M 
 
 plants produced in buds in the felt of radicles : capsule long^ 
 cermious, rarely erect, cylindrical, somewhat incurved, arcuate 
 when dry, soli<l ; lid convex at base, gradually narrowed into a 
 strong beak, as long as the cai)8ule ; i)eristoine solid, dark red ; 
 annulus none. — Fund. Muse. ii. 92; Bryol. Eur. t. 75; Braithw. 
 1. c. 146, t. 21, A. Brytim scopariutn, Linn. Spec. PI. 1117. 
 
 Var. squarrOSUm. Leaves broader, reHexed-scjuarrose, the 
 pcricluetlal costate, with a longer flexuous dentate ])oint : cai>- 
 pule narrower. — Z>. scopariimi, var., Sulliv. tfc Lesq. Muse. Bor.- 
 Am. Exsicc. n. CO. 
 
 Var. paludosum, Bruch & Schimp. Tufts light green ; 
 plants long, robust : leaves large, rugulo? \ Much like JJ. 
 palu<losH))i, and often coTifounded with it. 
 
 Var. pallidum. Plants and leaves j)ale green ; cells of the 
 areolation long and vermicular, irregularly walled ; ])erich{ctial 
 leaves rounded-sinuate above : capsule cylindrical, very arched. 
 
 — IJ. 2Mllidum^Mnc\]r, not Bruch & Schimp. JD. scoparium^ 
 var., Sulliv. & Lesq. 1. c, n. 61. 
 
 IIab. Saiuly ground, roots of trees, rocks, etc., plains, hills and moun- 
 tains; very common and variable. The first variety on granite rocks in the 
 Alleghany Mountains, Pennsylvania; the second in bogs, Northern Ohio, 
 etc. ; the last in woods in level districts. 
 
 18. D. majus, Turn. Somewhat like the preceding, but 
 easily recognizable by the dark green color of the long slender 
 loosely and irregularly cespitose ])lants, which are sometimes 
 scattered amoig other mosses, by the much longer narrower 
 more distinctly falcate glossy leaves, and the shorter soft green 
 caps.iles turning to black when old, with sliort pale pedicels 
 generally aggregated two or more in the same pericha3tium. 
 
 — Muse. Ilibern. 59, t. 4 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 85. 
 
 IIab. Deep woods, in subalpine and northern regions; rare in America. 
 Sitka {liischoff); Port Discovery, Washington Territory (Pickeri)uf). 
 
 In the aggregation of two or more capsules in the same perichietium 
 this species resembles D. DrummomU, but it is al once recognized by its 
 long slender stems, tlie falcate narrow leaves, tlie color of tlie plants, etc. 
 
 ***** Plants of great size, thickhj tomentose-radiculose : 
 leaves long, glossy, transversely rugose ; costa Jlat : male 
 buds originating in the tomentmn, rarely 0)i sepaixtte 2)lants. 
 
 19. D. palustre, La Pyl. Widely cespitose ; stems slender, 
 yellowish green : leaves open-erect, obscurely undulate above, 
 
Dicranum.] 
 
 BRYACE.E 
 
 75 
 
 lliioar-lanceoliito, serrate on the back and on the borders, nar- 
 rowl}' costate to below the apex ; areolation narrow, enlarged 
 and broadly reotanijular at the base and the angles; perichietial 
 leaves tnbulose, abruptly narroAved into a short jH)nit : capsule 
 ovato-obloiiij, erect or slightly cernuous, striate, struinose at the 
 eolluni, tawny yellow; pedicel slender, somewhat flexuous, 
 yellowish above, pale red below ; lid pale red, long-subulate ; 
 annulus none. — Hrid. Hryol. Univ. i. 814 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 71). 
 JJ. JioHJeani, DeXot.; Braithw. 1. c. 140, t. 21, B. 
 
 Var. Brewerianum, Lesq. Leaves narrower, scarcely 
 undulate, falcate-sccund ; cells of the areolation longer. — 
 Mem. Calif. Acad. i. 7. 
 
 ILvn. Peat boijs of Nortliorn Ohio and Pennsylvania (Lesquereiix)', 
 Lake Winnipeg (liounjeau); Vancouver Island {Mucoun). The variety 
 in mountains of California [lirewvr). 
 
 A rare or rarely observed species, resembling a variety of T). scopariiim, 
 but dilTering in iho slender erect stems, the soit leaves loosely areolate at 
 base, the inner perichieiial leaves short-apiculate, the short pale soft dis- 
 tinctly striate capsule, etc. 
 
 20. D. Schraderi, Web. & Mohr. Tufts wide, compact, 
 yellowish green ; stems often very long, erect : leaves close, erect, 
 aj (pressed and subsecund, the uj)per bright green, the lower yel- 
 lowish, lanceolate, obtusely pointed, dee)>Iy undulate, shar])ly 
 dentate on the back and borders from the middle upward ; cells 
 of the areolati(jn small, rhomboidal-quadrate and obscure in the 
 u])j)cr part, l<mg and narrowly rectangular toward the base, 
 abruptly much dilated and orange-colored at the angles : caj)sule 
 slightly longer than in the last s])ecies, more obscurely striate ; 
 ])eristome small; amiulus simi)le, narrow. — Crypt. Germ. 177; 
 Schwaegr. Sup])!, i. 16G, t. 41 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 80. 
 
 Hab, Common in peat bogs; mountains and cold regions. 
 
 21. D. Spurium, Iledw. Robust, loosely ces|)itose, straAV- 
 color or yellowish green ; stems erect or decumbent, brittle : 
 leaves interruptedly tufted, the lower short, ovate-lanceolate, 
 concave ; the upper longer, lineai-lanceolate, undulate from be- 
 low the middle upward, rugose, papillose on the back, serrate on 
 the border and on the subpercurrent costa ; cells of the areola- 
 tion small, ovate-quadrate and obscure in the upper part, nar- 
 rowly linear in the middle and down to the base near the costa, 
 round-quadrate, enlarged and dark-colored near the angles; 
 perichaetial leaves tubulose, shortly subulate-pointed : fruit soli- 
 
 
 i^''^' 
 
 HI 
 
 I 
 
 !!' ; 
 
 '■Mil 
 
 '■fpl 
 
fwrn 
 
 76 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Dicranum, 
 
 h ^' 
 
 tary : ca[)sule oblong or subcylindrical, incurved, striate, deeply 
 furrowed and constricted under the orifice when dry ; annulus 
 double. — Muse. Frond, ii. 82, t. 30 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 81 ; Braithw. 
 1. c. 151, t. 22, A. U. pallidum^ Bruch <& Schimp. Bryol. Eur. 
 i. {Dlcramtm) 39. 
 
 Var. condensatum. Stems short, densely tufted : leaves 
 shorter, broader, rigi<l, very close, open when dry. — IJ. con- 
 deitsdtnm^ He<lw. Spec. Muse. 130, t. 84. 1). spwiuni, var., 
 SuUiv. & Lescj. Muse. Bor.-Am. Exsiec. n. 68^. 
 
 Hah. Shaded sandy ground; the variety iu dry sandy places or hills, es- 
 pecially in southern districts; not rare. 
 
 22. D. Drummondi, Muell. Plants closely and widely 
 cespitose, bright green above; stems rol>ust : lower leaves 
 spreading or recurved, the ujiper seeund or falcate, twisted at 
 the aj)ex when dry, oblong, concave in the lower part, lanceo- 
 l.ate-subulate, convolute or canaliculate, denticulate above ; costa 
 broad, vanishing with or below the apex, (Knliculatc or ])apil- 
 lose in the upper ]>art; cells of the areolaliou oval-obloug, very 
 small toward the apex, oblong or broadly linear in llic middle, 
 abruptly much enlarged below, round-cpiadrate, reddish brown, 
 filling the whole tumescent subauriculate base: capsules aggre- 
 gated, short-j)e(^icellate, cylindrical-oblong, incurved, slightly 
 inflalcd at base, (leej)ly furrowed and constricted under the 
 orifice when dry; teeth distantly articulate, split to near the 
 base, regular; aunulus large, simple. — Syn. i\Iusc. i. 35G, in 
 part; Sulliv. JMosses of U. States, 23, and Icon. Muse, Suppl. 
 48, t. 33; Sulliv. & Lesq. Muse. Bor.-Am. Exsiec. (ed. 2), n. 88; 
 Lindb. Adnot. Bryol. in Bot. Notis. 18G5, 78 and 79. 
 
 Hah. Shade of pine woods, New Jersey; subalpine regions of New 
 York and New England ; eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains ; not rare. 
 
 •\ 23. D. undulatum, Turn. Plants in loose wide disjointed 
 tufts ; stems thick, very tomentose : leaves spreading-subscpiar- 
 rose, the terminal involute or seeund, pale green, oblong-ovate 
 toward the decurrent base, linear-lanceolate, very undulate 
 above, sharply denticulate ; costa narrow, bilamellate on the 
 back and serrate ; areolation pale, loose, enlarged at base : fruits 
 clustered: caj)sule long-cylindrical, arcuate, obscurely striate; 
 lid with a very long subulate beak; annujus narrow. — Muse. 
 Hib. 59 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 82, 83. 
 IIab. Shaded swampy ground ; plains and mountains; common. 
 
Caiiij^ylttpm.] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 77 
 
 23. DIORANODONTIUM, Bruoh & Schimp. (PI. 1.) 
 Plants densely ce8j)itose : stems slender, toiiu'iitose, diohoto- 
 mons or fastigi;vtely branehing. lA'aves spreading or falcate- 
 secund, rigid, long-setaceons subulate from a lanoiolate base, 
 glossy; costa enlarged, filling the whole narrow i)art of the 
 leaf; basilar areolation rectangular, hyaliiu', enlarged and 
 brown-eolored at the angles. Flowers diieeious. Calyptra 
 large, eucullate, entire at base. Capsule oblong or cylindrical, 
 soft, not striate or plicate when dry, erect on a long flexuous- 
 arched pedicel. Lid convex at base with a long acicular beak. 
 Peristome attached deej) below the orifice of the capsule, of 16 
 narrow teeth cleft to near the base into two linear unecpial 
 segments, distantly articulate, striolato to the apex, conniverit 
 at ajx'X when moistened, oi)en when dry. Annidus non3. 
 
 1. D. longirostre, Bruch & Schimp. Tufts soft, jellowish 
 green above the thick reddish brown tornentum: leaves easily 
 detache<l, sliixhtlv sheathine: at base, serrate or entire at the 
 aj)ex, smooth on the back ; alar cells inflated, hyaline or reddish, 
 filling the whole base on both sides of the costa. — Bryol. Eur. 
 t. 8S. J)i'(li/?)todon loiif/irosfrKm, Web. & Mohr, Tasch. 15.5. 
 
 II All. On sandstone rocks; A.'legliany Mountains (Siilllvant); Southern 
 Ohio (Les(iHcrcu.c), sterile. 
 
 24. OAMPYLOPUS, Biid. (PI. 1.) 
 
 Aspect of Dicrafiion. Leaves broadly costate; areolation 
 
 enlarged, hyaline, brown-tinted at the often excavated angles; 
 
 costa sulcate or smooth on the back. Flowers di(ecious. Ca- 
 
 lyptra eucullate, ciliat-j at base. Ca}>sule symmetrical, solid, 
 
 generally striate. Lid subulate-lx-aked. I*eristorae as in 
 
 TJlcrdfuan. Annulus large, simple or compound. 
 
 As the peristome, ciliate calyptra, and thick texture of the annulated 
 capsule are the essential characters which separate this genus from tlie 
 last, and as the plants are generally found sterile, it is often difficult to 
 determine tiieir reference to Dicranndontiiim or to Cnwpylnpn.H. As also 
 the characters of the leaves of both genera are variable, the American spe- 
 cies, all described from ster'e specimens, are subject to criticism. The 
 descriptions, however, are made upon good and generally numerous 
 specimens. 
 
 
 s|i: :::!a: 
 
78 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 [Campy lopus. 
 
 1. O. flezuOSUS, Brid. Tufts flattened, rigid, bright green 
 
 above, reddisii totnentosc below : leaves crowded, open or 
 
 turned to one side, solid, lanceolate-subulate, serrulate at the 
 
 apex, deeply excavated at the angles; costa smooth on the 
 
 back : capsule oblong-ovate or elliptical, costate when dry ; an- 
 
 nulus large, simi)le. — Bryol. Univ. i. 409; Bryol. Eur. t. 89; 
 
 Braithw. Brit. Moss-Fl. i. 132, t. 18, F. 
 
 Had. Shaded rocks, on Grandfather Mountain, North Carolina {Sidli- 
 vant); steriie. 
 
 2. C. Tallulensis, Sulliv. & Lesq. Tufts yellowish white, 
 glossy outside, brown within ; stems simjjle or dichotomous, 
 sparingly radiculose toward the base : leaves open-erect, close, 
 narrowly lanceolate from a somewhat decurrent not excavated 
 base, concave, serrate at the apex ; costa percurrent ; basal cells 
 very large, broadly quadrangular, inflated, light brown. — 
 Muse. Bor.Amer. n. 78''; Sulliv. Icon. Muse. 27, t. 17. 
 
 Had. Wet flat roclts, on tlie rlver-banlcs at T.illulali Falls, Georgia. 
 
 Compared with tlie last, it clearly ditfers in tlie pale yellowish green 
 color, the exactly linear leaves sub-decurrent and not excavated at the 
 angles, with larger inflated basilar cells, and the costa not entirely fllling 
 the leaves at the apex, but bordered by a band of the lamina. 
 
 3. 0. introflexus, Bridel. Plants yellowish green above, 
 brown below; stems short, erect: leaves appressed, erect-open, 
 narrowly lanceolate, canaliculate above, constricted into a long 
 liyaUne denticulate hair-point straight or geniculate at base 
 when dry; costa broad, three-fifths of the width of the leaves 
 at base, lamellate on tlie back ; basal cells large, orange-colored, 
 the medial longer, narrower, rectangular and hyaline. — Bryol. 
 Univ. i. 472 ; Braithw. 1. c. 135, 1. 19, C. Dicmntim introflexum^ 
 Hedw. Spec. Muse. 147, t. 29. C. leucotrichus^ Sulliv. & Lesq. 
 Muse. Bor.-Amer. Exsicc. n. 73 ; Sulliv. Mosses of U. States, 19, 
 and Icon. Muse. 28, t. 17. 
 
 Had. Dry sandy rocks, Raccoon Mountains, Alabama {Lesqxiereiix). 
 
 4. 0. Leanus, Sulliv. Plants more or less densely cespitose, 
 short, straw-color, tawny below ; stems radiculose to the apex, 
 branching by slender capitate fasciculate innovations : leaves 
 crowded, open-erect, rarely subsecund, linear-lanceolate, subu- 
 late, not decurrent at base ; costa broad, flat ; areolation linear- 
 oblong, the cells only slightly larger toward the base, not 
 enlarged at the angles ; abortive leaves fondling compact tufts 
 of linear thickish fleshy filaments like a d',rormity produced by 
 
Campylopus.] 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 79 
 
 insects. — Mosses of U. States, 19, and Icon. Muse. 29, t. 18. 
 /Si/rrhopo(tjn J^eiiuutt, Sulliv. Muse. AUegh. n. 17*J. 
 
 IIah. On much decayed logs or soft woody earth In forest swamps of 
 the Middle States and westward; not common. 
 
 5. O. Hallii, Les(j[. Plants in compact pale green glossy 
 tufts ; stems short, '2 cm. long, many times diehotomous, tomen- 
 tose to the apex : leaves strict, rigid, linear-lanceolate, tubulose, 
 very entire at the ai)ex, and smocjth throughout ; costa very 
 broad, covering the whole lamina except two sinall auricles at 
 base comj)osed of a few colored inflated cells. — Porter & Coult. 
 PMora of Colorado, 155. 
 
 II AU. High ridges of tlie Colorado Mountains (E. I fall). 
 
 Iles«Mnbling C. hri'vlpes (Scluiup. Bryol. Eur. Suppl. (.'aiiipi/lnpun, t. 2), 
 but differing in the broader costa, and the leaves constricted at base into 
 short obtuse auricles with one or two rows of colored cells. 
 
 6. 0. frigidus, Lesq. 1. c. Rescjublos the preceding species 
 in the broad dilated costa, but differs in the longer narrower 
 leaves, slightly denticulate at the apex, open, flexuous when dry, 
 and scabrous on the back ; alar cells round. 
 
 IlAn. Same as the last {E. IIull). 
 
 7. 0. SUbleucogaster. Plants loosely cespitulose, dirty 
 yellow; stems short, slender, simple in the lower part, divided 
 at the aj)ex into short capitate branchlets com|)osing a crispate 
 bristly tuft : lower leaves minute, erect, the conial longer, ovate- 
 acuminate with a flat broad nerve passing up to a gradually 
 narrowed canaliculate subulate strict point, serrulate at the 
 apex; basilar cells large, pellucid, regularly hexagonal, with a 
 few smaller quadrate inflate 1 yellowish ones underneath, the 
 alar numerous, very loose, brownish-colored, pellucid, slightly 
 excavated ; pericha'tial leaves much larger, sheathing or convo- 
 lute at base, loosely reticulate, with a long-flexuous more 
 coarsely subulate point. — Dicranurn subleuco(/aster^ Muell. 
 Bull. Torr. Club, v. 50. 
 
 Had. On wet clayey groiuid; Mobile, Alabama (Mohr). 
 
 This species differs from the European Dicranum leucof/aster, Muell., 
 in the more flexuous thiclrer longer hairy stems, the alar cells whitish and 
 loose, and the others smaller, 
 
 8. O. Donnellii. Differs from the last in its tawny green 
 color, the leaves more open, subfalcate, longer and more abruptly 
 narrowed, often spinulose-serrate and whitish at the apex, the 
 costa narrower, etc. — Dicranum Donnellii^ Aust., Coult. Bot. 
 
 1 1 If . 
 
 ) !; !i. 
 
 ,1 -' 
 
80 
 
 BRYACEyE. 
 
 [Campylopna. 
 
 Gaz. iv. 150. Dicrannm sulleucogastery Aust. Muse. Appal. 
 Exsicc. Supj)!. 1, n. 47i f 
 
 II AU. Soutliern Florida, ominon. 
 
 9. 0. Virginicus. Plants widely ccs])itose, tawny gi'cen ; 
 stt'iiis Hliort, tlc'xuouH, wloiuler, nearly ecpially foliate: leaves 
 strict, ereet-open, abruptly long setaceous-subulate from a 8ul>- 
 cjuadrate-ovate base, canaliculate, minutely serr.ate on the mar- 
 gins; costa broad, striate, scabrous on the back or subserrate 
 ••It the a|)ex ; cells of the areolation oblong and oval, hyaline, 
 rlioniboidal-oblong or linear toward the middle, smaller above, 
 the basal much enlarged ; some of the ai)ical leaves brittle, 
 truncate from a narrower base, deciduous, more convolute, longer 
 and gradually acuminate, entire and smooth on the back, with 
 cells shorter, hyaline, the basilar scarcely different and the costa 
 not distinct from the lamina. — Uicramim Virffimcumf Aust.f 
 Coult. Bot. Gaz. iv. 150. 
 
 IIah. Biackwater Falls, West Virginia (/. Donnell Smith). 
 
 From the remarks of the author, the slender stems are about 2 m.m. 
 long, the young ones clothed with a delicate entangled white tomentum. 
 About one-half of the expanded portion of the leaves is composed of large 
 hyaline cells; ascending along the costa, these gradually become chloro- 
 phyllose and smaller, while toward the margin they become much nar- 
 rower and longer; the basal cells although much enlarged are not inflated, 
 and there appear to be no true alar cells; the lamina rarely extends to tl\e 
 middle of the subulate portion of the leaf. 
 
 10. 0. gracilicaulis, ^litt. Stems slender, 1 or 2 c. m. long, 
 simjile and radiculose in the lower part: lower leaves closely 
 appressed, the upper tufted, longer, spreading, narrowly lanceo- 
 late-acuminate from an elliptical base; costa covering a third 
 part of the lamina and distinct to near the apex; V)order8 in- 
 curved, slightly denticulate above; lower cells loose, oblong, 
 l)ellucid, gradually shorter, rhomboldal above ; inner ]>erichaB- 
 tial leaves long, convolute at base, abruptly narrowed into a 
 narrow subulate hyaline-denticulate point : capsule immersed in 
 the comal leaves, oval, equal, scabrous at base : caly])tra fim- 
 briate. — .Tourn. Linn. Soc. xii. 83. 
 
 Had. South Florida {Amtin). 
 
 11. C. angustiretis. Very like the preceding species in 
 aspect, differing in the lower leaves less aj)])resscd, the cells 
 much longer, sublinoar, the alar dirty red, much contracted. — 
 Dicranum angustiretis^ Aust., Coult. Bot. Gaz. iv. 150. 
 
 Hab. With the preceding species and probably a variety of it. 
 
 J It 
 
Fissidens. ] 
 
 URYXCEM. 
 
 81 
 
 SuHTuiuE I. — FISSIDENTE.E. 
 
 Stems frond iforni. Leaves distichous, conduplicato below, 
 aliite oil the back, the upper part expanded hito a vertical simple 
 lannna with a perciirrent or excurrent costa ; arcolation small, 
 chloroi)hyllose. Operculum and peristome as in JJicraniun. 
 
 25. FISSIDENS, Hedw. (PI. 1.) 
 Plants simple or sparingly iM'anched. Flowers gemmiforin, 
 terminal or axillary. Calyptra cucuilate or mitriform. Ca|)- 
 sule cernuous or erect. Teeth of the jieristome horizontally in- 
 curved when dry. Annulus narrow. Spores small, smooth. — 
 jSiito])/ti/llu)n, La Pyl. 
 
 * Monveciotis. Fruit and flowers termina/, or rarely lateral, 
 •«- Joints less than one c. m. long. 
 
 1. P. Closteri, Aust. Plants ijreoarious, very minute or 
 stemless : male tlowers attached to the base : leaves periduetial, 
 the lower very small, broadly ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, the 
 upper at least twice as large, the lanceolate lamina Jibout ecjual 
 to the ovate-plicate base; costa cndnig below the apex ;■ arco- 
 lation (pia<lrate-oblong, equal : capsule oblong-ovate, oti a thick 
 j)ediccl ; lid with a long conical beak, entirely covered by the 
 calyptra; teeth long, reflexed ; annulus indistinct. — Bull. Torr. 
 Club, V. 21 ; Sulliv. Icon. Muse. Sui)pl. 44, t. 'JO. 
 
 II An. On tlie sronnd, near Closter, N.J. (yl ««<«»). 
 
 Sinaller than F. <\rills, its nearest congener, and distinguished by its 
 shorter leaves, the blade almost obsolete. 
 
 -. P. bryoides, Ilcdw. Plants small, gregarious : leaves 
 with a lingulate-ianceolate lamina, bordered all around by a 
 ])ale rounded margin either coiinivent at the apex with the 
 shortlv excurrent costa, or endiiiL!,' below the minutclv serrate 
 apex; |)erigt)nial leaves bro.'id-ovate at base, erose on tlic borders 
 below the abruptly narrowed short a])ical lamina: male flowers 
 In numerous axillary pedicellate buds: ca])sule erect, oblong- 
 ovate; annulus very narrow, indistinct. — Muse. Frond, iii. (57, 
 t. 29, excluding fig. 10; Ib'yol. Eur. t, 101; Braithw. Brit. 
 Moss-Fl. i. 71, t. 10, E. 
 
 
 til 
 
 i£ 
 
 I"- 
 
 \i 
 
 ' '.i| 
 
82 
 
 BIIYACE.E. 
 
 \Fi>*nill(llH. 
 
 Var. CSBSpitans, Schiinp. Plants loosely cospltosc, mmli 
 lon^^cr, branching by innovations; lamina narrow, tlu' bonU-rs 
 and costa disappearing below the minutely serrulate ape.v. 
 
 II Alt. Shaded gi'uund ; often cuvim'mil; llit; earth of tlowur puts in I'un- 
 servatories; the variety at News liiver, Wlille Muuiilains (llcf. I). I). 
 Allen). 
 
 H. F. inCUrVUS, Schwaegr. Plants very slender and small : 
 leaves linear or oblong-laneeolate, apieulate, with a very narrow 
 border vanishing toward the apex; costa terminating below the 
 obscurely erose apex or excuirent in a shar|> point: capsule 
 horizontal or obli(jue, rarely erect, small, oval. — ,Sup|>l. ii. 5, 
 t. 4U ; JJryol. Eur. t. 1)9 ; Braithw. 1. c. 09, t. 10, C JJia'anian 
 iucnroKtn, Web. & JMohr. 
 
 II A«. Shaded rocks and on sandstone in streams; not rare. 
 
 According to Sdiiinper tlie species is not distinctly dcHned. Tlie only 
 essential character is tlie terminal position of the male (lowers. Austin 
 asserted that he had found a form of it with axillary male llowers, which 
 seems to indicate that it is a mere variety of J*", bri/oideti. 
 
 4. F. inconstans, Schimp. Sinular to F'. incurvus in size 
 and aspect; plants generally simj)le; leaves 8 to 10 jtairs, 
 linear-lanceolate, acute; borders narrow, hyaline, continuous to 
 near the slightly serrulate apex ; dorsal wing entire, narrowed 
 to the base and there confluent with the i)ellucid costa, which 
 ends below the apex : flowers synoecious or moncecious, 
 antheridia and archegonia numerous and terminal, without jtara- 
 l)hyses, or the male buds axillary in the lower leaves of the 
 fruit-bearing })lants: calyptra sj>lit to near the apex; capsule 
 cylindrlc-oval, erect; lid conical, rostellatc, nearly erect. — 
 Syn. Muse. (ed. 2), 114. JT. syiioicus^ Sulliv. Mosses of U. 
 States, 103. 
 
 Hab. San Marcos, Texas ( Wrirjhi). 
 
 The author remarks that the species is very inconstant in its mode of 
 fructification, which is sometimes terminal and cladogenons, sometimes 
 axillary, and that the capsule is smaller than in F. incurvits, of which it 
 may he a variety. In the Texan si)ecimens we have generally found tlie 
 flowers tonninal and syna'cious, but sometimes with axillary buds near 
 the base of the fertile plants. The stems are stronger, the leaves shorter 
 and bro.ader, and the areolation smaller than in F. incurvus. It is re- 
 ferred to F. hryoides by Braithwaite. 
 
 5. F. limbatus, Sulliv. Plants small: leaves 8 to 10 pairs, 
 oblong, acummate, with a thick costa ending below the a|)ev 
 and a pellucid border gradually enlarging from near the a])ex to 
 
FiHfiidcnii, I 
 
 BUYACEvE. 
 
 88 
 
 the base of the auiicles ; nreolatioii mlmiti'-HulMniadrate hclow, 
 looHe and ani^ularly rouiidi'd in the lamina: Howers nioiid'ciouH, 
 the male <;emmiform, axillary: caiisiile un(M|uaIly oval, HvAt- 
 cernuouH; teeth split to near the ba8(>, much iiiHexed. — Pacif. 
 R. Hep. iv. IHA, t. I. 
 
 Hau. Near Sum Fraticisco ( lUgelow). 
 
 Coinparaljle to F. hri/iti'lfs, from which It differs in tlic oernuous cup- 
 sule, tlie deeply .split tuetii, tiiid especially the pellucid entire luurgin, 
 v^bich becoiues very broad at the base of the aurirtes. 
 
 •«- -t- Plants of larger size. 
 
 6. F. craSSipes, Wils. Plants '1 to 4 c. m. lon<» ; leaves 
 close, Hol't, linjjjulate-acuminate, une(pially marjjfined, the border 
 enlarged below to the middle of the aiirielt's, disappearing to- 
 ward the base and below the slightly crenulate apex ; costa 
 thiek, siibpercurrent : flowers terminal ; male buds on basilar 
 branchlets : capsule nearly erect, oblong-oval, strongly con- 
 stricted V)el()W the orifice when dry ; lid short-beaked ; pedicel 
 tliick, reddish toward the base, yellowish above ; segments of 
 the teeth distinctly papillose ; annulus minute. — IJruch ifc 
 Schimp. Bryol. Va\\\ t. 100. 7'\ incnrvus, var. ('r((ssij)es, Schimp. 
 7*^. virklultts, var. tnujor^ Wils. Bryol. Brit. JJOvJ, t. 58, It. 
 
 HAn. On wet rocks; not rare in Europe. 
 
 The species is adn>itl.?d on the authority of Jaeger's Fiaaidentaccai, n. 
 77. We have seen no American specimen of it. 
 
 7. F. Floridanus, Lesq. «fc James. Plants of about the 
 same size as in the prece»bng, branching from the base, brown 
 in the lower i)art, bright green above : leaves <lensely crowded, 
 the up])er slightly scythe-shaped, plicate to above the middle, 
 minutely erose-denticulate at the apex, surrounded below by a 
 somewhat large i)ale border; costa vanishing below the apex; 
 areolation minute, hexagonal, narrower and less distinct in the 
 lamina, which is prolonged on the back of the auricles and 
 al)ruptly cut at base : flowers monoecious ; the male terminal on 
 somewhat long lateral branches ; the pericluetium on a short 
 radiculose branch from the mi(hlle of the stem, bearing one 
 or rarely two fruits; ])ericha?tial leaves loosely areolate, with 
 broad auricles narrowly alate to the middle, abruj)tly narrowed 
 above into a short lamina : capsule oblong-ovate, cenmous, on ;i 
 thick reddish pedicel ; lid large, long-beaked. — Proc. Am 
 Acad. xiv. 137. 
 
 Hab. Florida (Garber). 
 
 I' !' 
 
 '4 
 
 i^^^ill 
 
 ^Mvf^ 
 
 
 m 
 
 
fr" 
 
 ^pp 
 
 84 
 
 HUYA( E/K. 
 
 [FiHMiilrnn. 
 
 CompnriMn to F, f>Hiuunilnhlf», UvAw., from which it diflfcrs In tlie 
 iii()ii<i>cii)iis iiilloroscoiico, thu Hcrrululu apex uf the luavus, uiul thu iitiimlo 
 hi-xii^oiiiil ai't'oliilltiit. 
 
 H. P. ventricOSUS, LrMcj. IManls r<»lmst, looM'ly and 
 v\i<h'ly (H'spito.sf, lu-aily Mack tliroiiulKMit, dark ^roeii only at 
 the to[) uf till! i-cccnl innovatioiiH, generally inuni'i'Ni'd ; htcnis 
 two {'.in. lontf or more, bran('lini<j; ♦Vorn tlu; base, radicidoMc in 
 tilt' axils of tlu! leaves: leaves close, erect-open, cultriforni, pli- 
 cate and ventri(rose to the middle, bordered by a thick smooth 
 marj^in continent at the apex with the tliick costa, wliicli is ex- 
 current into a blunt point or rarely vanishini^ lielow it; areola- 
 tion minute, ovate-ijuadrate or irrciifularly polyj.?onaI : flowers 
 terminal: cilyptra laruje, cucullatt' : capsule vi'ry shortly pedi- 
 cellate, sublmmersed, erect, obovate, narrowint^ and confluent 
 into the pedicel, dark «;reen ; lid short, coni(^al, obtuse; teeth 
 large, erect : spores larj^e. — Mem. Calif. Acad. i. 7 ; SuUiv. Icon. 
 Muse. Sui.pl. 45, t. 30. 
 
 IIau. On subiiuM-utMl rooks, Mendocino City, California {Itolnnilcr). 
 
 Kpecios conii)arablc to F. riifulux, Hrucli it Schinip., from which it 
 differs in the more obtuse thick-niarj^lned leaves, etc. 
 
 # )c Flowers (liwcious. 
 •»- I*lants minnfe. 
 
 9. P. hyalinus, Wils. & Ilook. Grei^arious ; stems 2 or 3 
 m.m. long, simple : leaves 3 or 4 ])airs, very soft, oblong- 
 lanceolate, interruptedly narrowly niarginate, ecostate, ])licato 
 to the middle, with a broad margin gradually narrowed to the 
 base ; meshes of the areolation large, hexagonal, hyaline- 
 jiellucid : fertile fU)wer8 terminal, the male not seen : calyptra 
 subcylindrical, covering the beak of the lid : ca]>side oblong, 
 erect, enlarged at the orifice, short-pedicellate ; teeth re<ldish, 
 solid, closely articulate. — Journ. Bot. (1841) iii. 81), t. 2; SuUiv. 
 Muse. Alleghan. n. 180, Mosses of U. States 24, and Icon. Muse. 
 34, t. 21. 
 
 II AH. Moist rocky ledges at Bank Lick, near Cincinnati (T. G. Lea)\ 
 clay banks near Painesville, Ohio (//. C. Bearddee); very rare. 
 
 10. P. exigUUS, Sulliv. Gregarious, pale green : leaves 
 4 to G |)airs, oblong-lanceolate, obscurely short-acuminate, entire, 
 not margined, plicate to the middle ; dorsal lamina gradually 
 narrowed and vanishing at base ; costa flexuous, subjiercurrent : 
 male and female plants similar : flowers termmal : <'a})sule erect, 
 
F/»«/'J''n/i. 
 
 nUYACK/E. 
 
 h:> 
 
 (»l»l<>iis<-<>v:il, ii;irnt\v»'«l nii<l confluent 1<> llic pcilicd ; li<l rus- 
 tfllMtc ; to'tli split to tlu' niiildU'. — .Miisc. AIN-uli. n. \X'2 \ 
 Mvu\. Am. Acji.l. n. scr. iii. (U), t. l', U; Moss.-s cf [' . Si.itrs -Jl 
 an<l 10;J, and Icon. Miisc. UO, t. 'S-\. /•'. inrtirrKs, \ar. i,rii/m/n, 
 Aust. Miisc. A|)|i:il. n. !(>;{. 
 
 IIaii. On st(>ii<>9 in iiiuInI nnd sliiulfd rnvlncs, ilry diiinncU of hruoks, 
 etc. ; coininon. 
 
 11. F. luiuutulUS, Sulliv. Si/c iuu\ nspcct of the Inst : 
 leaves 4 to 10 pairs, linear-ol)Ionif, lanceolate to llic apex, l»or- 
 • lered by a narrow niai';^in up to the KJiuiitly stTinlate apex, the 
 auricles broadly niar^^iued, and the <lorsal lamina exlendini; to 
 helow the tniddle ; ('<)sta j)ercurrent : ealy]»tra shorter, scarcely 
 reachint; the hase of the operculum: capsule oval-ol»lontr ; oper- 
 culum loiijjfer-heaked than in the preceding;' species ; tt-eth dark 
 red, eleft to below the middle into lonu linear-^ranulose scirments. 
 — Muse. Alleiih. n. ISii; Mem. Am. Acad. n. wor. iii. r»H, i. 'J, .V; 
 Mosses of U. States, 24, and Icon. ^fusc. .'JT, t. 24. /•'. hri/ol<k»^ 
 Hook tfe Wils. in ])runun. Muse. Am. (Coll. II.), n. .'!'.► and 4(K 
 J'\ i)icin'iut.% var. tnhnitiilns^ Aust. Muse. Appal, n. lO'J. 
 
 II AH. Moist rocks in woods; dry dianni'ls in woods, on stoufs. 
 
 12. P. Hallii, Aust. Si/e of F. inrin'i'ufi, from which it 
 difft rs in the crenulate iinmarijinate leavi-s, the lonsjer-beaki'ddid,. 
 the calyj)tra not eleft and scarcely descending: to the base of the 
 beak, and the did'cious inHorescence. — C'oult. Dot. (Jaz. ii. 97. 
 
 II AH. TiixnaiE. Hall). 
 
 13. F. Ravenelii, Sulliv. Loaves T) to 1.5 pairs, erect or 
 curved on one side, linear-ot)loni]f, acute, dose and opaque ; 
 auricles jrrolonged to the middle, broadly maruinate and dis- 
 tinctly dentate? lamina and dorsal winu; not mari-ined, minutely 
 denticulate; areolation very dense, of miinite round-ipiadrate 
 chlorophyllose cells *, costu fle.vuous, hyaline: flowtM's terminal; 
 male plants very small, with 2 or 3 ])airs of leaves: capsule 
 oblouij-erect, equal, of thin texture, minutely [)aj»illose ; lid 
 enlarged at base, with an inclined beak. — Mem. Am. Acad, 
 n. ser. iv. 171, t. 2, Mosses of U. States 24, and Icon. Muse. 39, 
 t. 25. 
 
 Haij. Damp bricks or earth, Santee Canal, South Carolina {liavenel); 
 moist ground, Society Hill, North Carolina (Curtis). 
 
 14. F. Donnellii, Aust. Leaves 3 or 4 pairs, not margined, 
 crenulate-serrate on the borders, papillose, the lower oblong' 
 
 11,1 
 
 >.'''. 
 

 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 
 "ks 
 
 .0 
 
 4 
 
 .m 
 
 '^ 
 
 .> 
 
 ^*^ 
 ^ 
 
 H 
 
 1.0 
 
 1.1 
 
 I 
 
 1.25 
 
 liilM 125 
 
 ■10 ^™" WtWt 
 
 m m 
 
 ■ 22 
 
 I hS. 12.0 
 
 U 11.6 
 
 HiotogFaphic 
 
 Sdmces 
 
 CorpcHBtion 
 
 
 4!p> ^ 
 
 23 WSST MAIN STMIT 
 
 VVIBSTII,N.Y. 14SM 
 
 (716) •72-4503 
 

 ■ f' 
 
1 
 
 f> ^?1"1P 
 
 86 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Fiasidens. 
 
 I.: 
 
 S 
 
 I 
 
 ovate, the upper much longer, linear-lanceolate, plicate to the 
 middle; conta vanisliing below the apex ; cells of the areolatiou 
 very small, each with a single ])apilla : pedicel very short: cap- 
 sule destroyed. — Coult. IJot. Gaz. iv. 151. 
 
 Haii. Jlase of trees in a cypress swamp, Caloosa, Florida (J. Donnell 
 Smith, Austin), 
 
 15. F. Garberi,Lesq.4fc, Tames. Gregarious; plants simple : 
 leaves 4 to 8 [)airs, slightly decurrent, oblong, the uj)i)er four times 
 longer than broad, plicate to the middle ; dorsal wing gradually 
 narrowed to the base ; lamina somewhat broader than the jilicate 
 auricle, blunt at the apex, rarely short-acuminate, crenulate on 
 the borders by doubly pajnlloso cells ; areolation round- 
 hexagonal, distinct, that of the perichajtial clasping base of the 
 vaginule larger, hexagonal-rectangular, in two or three rows : 
 capsule sul>-erect, oval, pale brown, red at the orifice ; segments 
 of the teeth yellow. — Proc. Am. Acad. xiv. 137. 
 
 Hab. On tlie bark of trees, Florida (Garher, J. Donnell Smith). 
 
 Tlie inflorescence of tliis species is not positively ascertained. Scliiinper, 
 wlio examined tlie specimens with James, found it bisexual, while Austin 
 (Bull. Torr. Club, vii. 5), wlio had specimens from Florida which he con- 
 sidered the same species, describes it as pseudo-dioecious. 
 
 16. P. Texanus, Lesq. Plants dark green, turning to black : 
 leaves 5 to 7 pairs, curved at the apex, broadly lanceolate-acumi- 
 nate, with a thick dark smooth margin ascending to the apex or 
 to near the slightly serrulate point ; costa stout, percurrent or 
 excurrent into a short mucro; dorsal lamina broad, descendinf^ 
 to the base : male and female plants similar : capsule long-pedi- 
 cellate, oval, inclined, rarely erect, greenish brown, smooth ; 
 lid conical, short-beaked, subincurved. — Herb. Sulliv. (1850). 
 
 HAn. Texas ( Wri(/ht). 
 
 Related to F. incurvus, but differing in the dark color of the plants, the 
 broad dorsal wing descending to the base, the broader leaves, and the 
 dioecious inflorescence. It diflfera from F flallii, Aust., merely in the 
 entire margined leaves. 
 
 17. F. Obtusifolius, Wils. Plants densely gregarious or 
 closely aggregated-cespitulose, bright green, simple or branching : 
 leaves 6 to 12 pairs, erect or turned to one side, very entire, not 
 margined, obovate, obtuse, with a broad nearly round pellucid 
 areolation, plicate to above the middle ; dorsal lamina gradually 
 narrowed, ending above the base; costa vanishing below the 
 apex : flowers terminal : capsule thick, oblong-ovate or obovate, 
 
Fisslilens. ] 
 
 BUYACE.E. 
 
 87 
 
 sliijhty contractcHl uiider tlie hnmd orifice ; lid liomisplioricnl, 
 couioal-;i|ii('iil:ite ; teeth short, orange at base ; sseginents I; valine, 
 whitish and granulose : spores large. — Lond. Jo'.irn. Hot. (1^4')) 
 iv. lUG ; Suiliv. Muse. Allegh. n. 181, Mosses of U. States, '24, 
 and Icon. Muse. 35, t. --. 
 
 IIah. FrLMjuent on wet drippin;; sandstono rocks, noar the water at 
 the base of dams; noar Cini-iniiati. wliere it was first found by Lea ; very 
 abundant at and around Sugar Grove, Ohio. 
 
 •I- ••- l*kitits hirr/er. 
 
 18. P. OSmundoideS, lledw. Plants of medium size, 
 tomentose, dark green, more or less d( nsely tufted : leaves 
 numerous, hroadly Ungulate, slightly faleate inward, rounde«l 
 and aj)ieul:ito at the apex, minutely serrate on the borders; dor- 
 sal wing broad, narrowing downward to the base: flowers 
 terminal; male j)lants smaller: calyptra plurilobate at base: 
 capsule erect or slightly inclined, oval-oblong, brown, solid ; lid 
 with a long acicular beak. — Spec. Muse. 158, t. 40 ; HryoK Eur. 
 t. 103; Braithw. 1. c. 73, t. 11, A. Cono))iitriHm os)nwi<loiiles^ 
 Muell. Syn. ii. 526. 
 
 IIab. On the groinid, the roots and bark of trees, in swamps and peat 
 bogs ; plains and niountains. 
 
 19. P. decipiens, DeNot. Smaller than F. mllantokles, 
 which it closely resembles. Leaves dusky green, close, linear- 
 lanceolate, plicate to the middle, minutely serrulate all around 
 except sometimes at the base of the lamina ; meshes of the 
 areolation small : male flowers axillary, on separate plants : 
 capsule short-pedicellate, small, sub-erect when empty. — Epil. 
 Bryol. Ital. 479; Schimp. Syn. Muse (ed. 2), 118 ; Sulliv. Icon. 
 Muse. Suppl. 46, t. 31 ; Braithw. 1. c. 76, t. 11, D. 
 
 Hab. On sandy soil and limestone rocks; frequent, but hitherio gen- 
 erally considered as a small form of F. adiantoides. 
 
 * # * Fruit axillary. 
 
 20. P. taxifolius, Hedw. Plants 2 or 3 cm. long, fascicu- 
 late-branching at base : leaves close, lingulate-obtuse, mucronate • 
 by the excurrent costa, plicate to the middle, serrate and hyaline 
 on the borders : flowers moneecious, on short basilar radiculose 
 branchlets: capsule subeernuous, inclined or pendent, oblong, 
 slightly inflated on the back, solid, dark broM'n ; pedicel long, 
 flexuous, reddish; lid long, narrowly beaked. — Spec. Muse. 
 
 ..>(i 
 
 u 
 

 88 
 
 BUYACE.E. 
 
 [Fists i dens. 
 
 L i 
 
 135, t. 39; Biyol. Eur. t. 104; Braithw. 1. c. 77, t. 11, 1). 
 Jli/j)HH7u tajc'/oliuin^ Linn. 
 II An. Sliadeil cliiyey ground In level districts; very common. 
 
 21. F. adiantoides, Iledw. Plants 3 to 5 cm. lonj?, 
 branc'hinji; by radiculoso innovations +Voni the base or the apex : 
 leaves numerous, close, imbricate at base, linear-oblonuf, abruptly 
 acuminate and slij^htly mucron.ite, ])lieate to the middle; dorsal 
 winuf long, continuous, slightly decurrent at base ; borders pel- 
 lucid, irregularly serrulate: flowers short-pedicellate, attached 
 to the middle of the stems: capsule oval-oblong, reddish brown, 
 much constricted under the orifice when empty; lid long- 
 beaked. — Muse. Frond. 61, t. 26 ; IJryol. Eur. t. 105; Braithw. 
 1. c. 78, t. 12, B. ILfpnnm adiantoides, Liim. 
 
 Var. immarginatUS, Lindb. Leaves without a pellucid 
 border. 
 
 Hab. Shady moist ground, wet rocks, roots of trees, etc.. mostly in 
 the plains; common. The variety at Boundary Lake, Canada {Ran). 
 
 * * * # Flmcers dimciotts or unlmovm. 
 
 22. F. SUbbasilaris, Iledw. Plants widely cespitose, 1 or 
 2 cm. long, green above, brown and tomentose below : leaves 
 12 to 15 pairs, close, oblong, short-pointed, plicate to above the 
 middle, serrulate, not margined ; dorsal wing broad, rounded at 
 the base ; costa vanishing below the more deeply serrulate apex: 
 fruiting buds rarely j)edicellate, attached near the base, radicu- 
 lose ; male flowers unknown : calyptra cucullate, narrow : cap- 
 sule oblong or cylindric-oval, erect, subcernuous, scarcely emerg- 
 ing above the stems on its short pedicel ; lid long-beaked. — 
 Spec Muse 155, t. 39; Sulliv. Muse. AUegh. n. 184, Mosses of 
 U. States, 25, and Icon. Muse 41, t. 26. 
 
 Had. Trunks of trees, sometimes in dense tufts; Xorthern and Mid- 
 dle States. 
 
 23. F. polypodioides, Iledw. Plants of large size, gre- 
 garious, radiculose at base, yellowish green, glossy, mostly 
 simple, rigid : leaves numerous, linear-oblong, abruptly rounded 
 to a blunt point, entire, not margined, plicate to above the 
 middle ; dorsal wing continuous, rounded to the base ; costa 
 thick, nearly percurrent: cells of the areolation irregularly 
 round, pellucid : flowers dioecious, the fertile attached to the 
 upper part of the stems, the male axillary nearer to the base, in 
 separate plants : capsule on a short flexuous pedicel, obovate, 
 
Conomitrtum. 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 89 
 
 siibpyriforra, ^jradiially nuich enlarged at tho orifice; li«l ros- 
 trr.te from a hcinispherical base; teeth l»roa<l and long; aiimilu.-j 
 large, revolu')le. — Muse. Frond, iii. (>:}, t. '27 ; Sulliv. & Les(|. 
 3Iusc. Bor.-Aiii. (ed. 1), n. "21; Siilliv. Icon. Muse. 43, t. 27 ; 
 Mitten, Journ. Linn. 8oc. xii. 585. 
 
 II All. Louisiana (Druinmond)', Floriila (Chapman); moist rocks, 
 Georgia (Lcmiuercaj-); sterile. 
 
 24. P. grandifrons, Brid. Plants large, dark green, fas- 
 cienlate-branehing from the base, rigid or jtendent; branches 
 short, radiculose: leaves numerous, ecjual throughout, thick, 
 composed of multiple layers of cells, with a thick eosta 
 vanishing below the apex, rigid, entire, the borders of the auri- 
 cles only minutely crenulato ; flowers axillary ; archegonia 
 numerous: fruit unknown. — Muse. Recent. Suppl. i. 170; 
 IJryol. Eur. t. 106. 
 
 II vn. Wet limestone rocks near waterfalls; abundant below Niagara 
 Falls; foiuul also in California (Bolandcr), Nevada ( Watsod), etc. 
 
 26. OONOMITRIUM, iMont. (PI. 1.) 
 Plants slender, filiform, fasciculate-ramose, branching from 
 innovations the whole length of the stems, or from the base 
 only, floating. Leaves distant, linear-lanceolate, short-auriculate. 
 Flowers monoecious, terminal, on more or less elongated branch- 
 lets, the male axillary; fruits (cladogenous) on young shoots, 
 often numerous on the same plants. Calyptra minute, conical, 
 solid, covering only the beak of the lid. Capsule short-pedicel- 
 late, fragile, erect, very small. Ojierculum conical-beaked. 
 Teeth laciniate or entire. Annulus none. 
 
 1. 0. Julianuri, IMont. Leaves long, the lamina ending 
 at the auricles and three times as long : male flowers sometimes 
 aggregate ; perigonium of two or three leaves: calyptra nearly 
 black, erose or lacerate at base : capsule oblong-ovate, greenish, 
 soft, red at the orifice, gradually narrowed to a short green 
 pedicel, very fragile at its base ; lid as long as the capsule ; 
 teeth short, irregularly laciniate or perforate above the middle, 
 yellowish .at base, pellucid. — Ann. Sci. Xat. 2 ser. viii. 250. 
 Fontinalis Juliana^ Savi. Octodiceras Julianum, Brid. Bryol. 
 Univ. ii. 678 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 108. 
 
 Hab. On stones and branches in wooded creeks and swamps. 
 
 p \m 
 
 Ii) 
 
 1 m 
 
 i 
 
 \ & 
 
"^m 
 
 !HH 
 
 90 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Conomitrhim. 
 
 -. 0. Hallianum, Snlliv. & Lcsq. Plants very small and 
 sk'iidor, ill loose floatini^ dirty i^reen sparingly divided tufts: 
 leaves distant, long-linear, gradually taitering to a blunt apex ; 
 dorsal wing descending to the inid«lle; areolation loose, in 
 broader ovate angidar cells, narrower toward the borders: tlowers 
 terminal on long branches : calyptra longer, descending to below 
 the oriHce of the capsule, split on one sicle : capsule longer- 
 j)edicellate, oval-oblong, with the borders of the orifice flat; lid 
 conical-rostrate, slightly inclined, nearly as long as the capsule; 
 teeth long, entire, not cleft and without a divisural line, nar- 
 rowly lanceolate, ol>scurely articulate, yellow, attached at a 
 jlistance below the orifioe. — Aust. Muse. Appal, n. 108; Sulliv. 
 Icon. Muse. Suppl. 43, t. 28. 
 
 Had. On decayed wood In wells, Illinois {E. Hall), fertile; on shaded 
 rocks, New Jersey (Anatin), sterile. 
 
 N 
 
 \i ii 
 
 SuBTRiBE II. LEUCOBKYE^. 
 Plants whitish, spongy like Sphagnum^ soft when moist, 
 brittle when dry, densely cespitose. Leaves close, composed, 
 except on the borders, of two or three superposed layers of 
 large porous chlorophyllose cells separated by a layer of inter- 
 cellular simple narrow chloro])hyllose ones. Calyptra large, 
 whitish. Capsule, peristome and operculum as in Dicranum, 
 or the peristome of 8 short broad lanceolate teeth. 
 
 27. LEUOOBRYUM, Hampe. (PI. 2.) 
 
 Capsule, peristome and lid as in Dicranum. Flowers 
 
 dioecious. 
 
 1. L. vulgar e, Hampe. Ramification dichotomous and 
 fastigiate : leaves oblong-ovate, half-clasping at base, lanceolate, 
 tubulose from the middle upward : capsule oblong-ovate, with 
 a distinct substrumose collum, slightly gibbous below the orifice, 
 small, chestnut-color, black when old, plicate-furrowed when 
 dry ; lid long-subulate-beaked, curved downward. — Linnaea, 
 xiii. 42. Bryum glauciim^ Linn. Spec. PI. 1118. Dicranum 
 glaucum^ Auct. Oncophoriis glaucus^ Bryol. Eur. t. 97 and 
 98. Leucohryum glaucunif Schimp. ; Sulliv. Mosses of U. 
 States, 23. 
 
Octoblepharvm.] 
 
 BHYACE.E. 
 
 91 
 
 II An. Kr -ts of trcos, mossy damp placos In woods, borders of swamps; 
 nol rare. Fruiting in winter or euriy spring. 
 
 -. L, minus, Stilliv. Plants Mioro slctnlor, scarot'Iy half ns 
 loHi^ MS ill the last spocics: leaves sh<»rter, more crowdecl : 
 capsule smaller and pedicel shorter. — flosses of V. States, 24. 
 X. vnh/are, var. miitits., Ilampe, 1. c. 
 
 IIaii. Uuots of trees in swamps, more generally on the ground in dry 
 woods. 
 
 Frnitlng from .Jnne to Angnst, .acoording to latitude. The time of the 
 rii>oning of the fruit is the must marked ditTerunce between this and the 
 preceding species. 
 
 3. L. sediforme, ^luell. Plants with few hraiiclies : leaves 
 very short, densely imbricate, sulisquarrose, exjictly eiglit- 
 ranked, lanceolate-acute, very concave, entire, margined to 
 above the middle; j>ericha?tial leaves much lonjjjer and nar- 
 rower, lon2C-e\'serted, convolute : capsule loni;-f)edicellate, short, 
 slis^htly strumose. — Syn. i. 75* Mitten, Journ. Lhin. Soc. xii. 
 
 111. 
 Had. Florida (E. Palmer). 
 
 28. OOTOBLEPHARUM, Ilcdw. 
 
 Plants densely cespitose. Leaves thick ; eosta broadly enlarged 
 at base. Calyptra dimidiate. Capsule erect. Teeth of the peri- 
 stome 8, short, broadly lanceolate, ])ale yellow, diaj)hanous. 
 
 1. O. albidum, Hedw. Stem-leaves coriaceous, recurved 
 when dry, broadly margined, lingulate-oblong, obtuse or a]iieu- 
 late, denticulate at tb apex, unequally alate at base: capsule 
 oval, short-] ledicellate, erect ; lid jjlane at base, obliquely subu- 
 late-beaked. — Muse. Fron<l. iii. 15, t. 6 ; Muell. Syn. i. 80 j 
 Mitten, Journ. Linn. Soc. xii. 109. 
 
 Had. Florida: not rare. 
 
 m 
 
 1 
 
 ;*'!!i' 
 
 ' .<{i' 
 
 .:;!*«' 
 
 '■k^m 
 
 II 
 
 SuBTBiBE in. CERATODOXTE^ 
 
 Plants cespitose. Leaves linear-lanceolate, subulate, clasping 
 at the base, spreading to every side or distichous, strongly cos- 
 tate to the apex ; areolation elongated .and pellucid at the base. 
 Capsule ovate, erect or inclined, on a long slender pedicel. 
 Teeth of the peristome bifid to near the base ; segments long, 
 equal, strongly articulate, or shorter and irregularly divided. 
 
< ^'! 
 
 92 BUYACE.E. [Ccratodon. 
 
 29. OEBATODON, JJrld. (PI. 1.) 
 Plants (lividiiw^ \>y inuovutioiis from uti<It'r the jicriflitL'tiiim. 
 Leaves lanceolate, iiapillose, or nearly siiiootli in the upper j>art. 
 Flowers dia'eious. Capsule ovate-oblong, striate, deeply fur- 
 rowe<l when dry, subcernuous. Teeth of the peristome eleft into 
 two equal strongly articulate segments, papillose above. 
 
 1. 0. purpureus, lirid. Plants fastigiate, branching, dirty 
 or dark green : leaves carinate, entire, retlexed ; borders opa(jue, 
 nearly smooth ; areolation distinct : capsule sliort-necked, dark 
 red, polished, horizontal, quadrate or pentagonal when ohl and 
 dry; lid conical, short-beake<l ; teeth purple; annulus large, 
 revoluble. — Bryol. Univ. i. 480; Bryol. Eur. t. 1«9, 100; 
 Braithw. Brit. Moss-Fl. i. 173, t. 26, D. Mniam purpiireum^ 
 Linn. Sp. PI. 1111. Dicramim purpureum^ Hedw. Sj)ec. Muse. 
 136, t. 36. 
 
 Var. xanthopus, SuUiv. Pedicel of the cai)sule pale yel- 
 low or whitish. 
 
 Var. aristatus, Aust. Leaves narrower, with a long ex- 
 current eosta : capsule and pedicel pale colored. — Muse. Aj)pal. 
 n. 117. 
 
 Hab. Almost everywhere, and extremely variable. Var. xanthopus 
 common in California; the last on sandy barrens of New Jersey (Austin). 
 
 2. 0. minor, Aust. Differs from the preceding in the short 
 stem, half a cm. long, the leaves lanceolate, aristate by the long 
 point of the excurrent costa and serrulate toward the apex, the 
 capsule shorter, the teeth narrower, articulate only from the 
 middle downward and very narrowly margined. — Coult. Bot. 
 Gaz. ii. 89. 
 
 Hab. West of Frazer River (Macoun). 
 
 The author compares it to his var. aristatus of C. purpureus, which, 
 however, is more robust, has the costa not excurrent into as long a point, 
 and the peristome of typical character. The difference therefore consists 
 especially in the more delicate texture of the peristome. 
 
 30. TRIOHODON, Schimp. 
 
 Plants small, radiculose at base only, subcespitose. Leaves 
 
 long-subulate from an enlarged sheathing obovate or oblong 
 
 base, crispate, smooth ; areolation linear-rectangular, gradually 
 
 longer to the base. Flowers dioecious ; perichaetiura sheathing 
 
Dhtlchlum.] 
 
 BIIYACE/E. 
 
 oa 
 
 Caly|»tnv long, narrow. Cai»Huk' narrowly cylindrical, ri'i^ular 
 
 or subart'uati', thin, smooth. OptMvulum short-conical. Tcri- 
 
 stonie larj,'c, imrplc, with the sci^incnts of the teeth nearly equal, 
 
 noilose at thu articulations and minutely granulose. ^Vnnulus 
 
 large, rcvolublo. 
 
 Kt'lattnl, liko Ccrntodon, to Dicraniiin In llu> iiiotlo of jurowth; to Lepto- 
 trichuiii in the form of ihe oapsulc and siruciun.' of llu' in'rlstouie. 
 
 1. T. CylindricUS, Schimp. stem one cm. long: leaves 
 flexuous, s({uarrose, curling: ca|»sule dusky. — Coroll.* 80. 
 Tric/tostohium ci/limlricuhi, lledw. Sp. Muse. 107, t. 24, tigs. 
 7 to IJJ. JJUIi/minlon cifHtHtficus,, Wahl.; Sulliv. &> Lesij. 
 Muiic. l>or.-Ani. n. lOO** (not Jiruch «fc Schim|». ; Watson, IJot. 
 Calif, ii. 300, exd. hab.). Cenitodon ct/Zi/idricns, JJryol. Kur. 
 t. lU'J. iJitvichum tenuifoliu)n^\A\\i\\h\ Hraithw. Brit. Moss- 
 
 Fl. i. 97, t. 14, E. 
 
 IIau. On olil wood and twigs, CliestcM* Co., Pennsylvania, fruiting; 
 Alit'gliany County and White Mouutaius, sterile {Jaitits); Nevada 
 (\\'atsun)\ Ontario ( !>/;•«. Hoy). 
 
 31. DISTIOHIUM, Bruch & Schimi). (PI. 2.) 
 Plants densely cesj)itose, glossy. Stems slender, repeatedly 
 dichotomous and fastigiate. Stem-leaves exactly distichous, 
 spreading and subulate from the half-clasping base, broa<lly cos- 
 tate. Flowers moncDcious ; antheridia enclosed in a perigonium 
 of two or three leaves, or more generallv free in the axils of 
 the upper leaves, long, narrow, with long paraphyses; peri- 
 eha}tium terminal. Caj)sule erect or subcernuous, coriaceous, 
 glossy. Lid conical. Teeth linear-lanceolate, either nearly 
 entire or bifid or irregularly lacerate, punctulate, reddish. 
 Annulus simple, large, deciduous. 
 
 1. D. capillaceum, Bruch & Schimp. Tufts dense, 
 tomentose, silky green above : leaves long-subulate from the 
 clasping base, broad, concave-oblong, open and flexuous, very 
 entire; perichaetium of two long sheathing leaves: capsule 
 generally erect, regular, oblong-ovate, smooth (not furrowed) 
 when dry ; teeth narrow, irregular, bifid or lacunose. — Bryol. 
 Eur. t. 193. Bryum montamtm, Lom. Fl. Fr. i. 48. Swartzia 
 
 'li t- 
 
!l ■' BjlW^ 
 
 J 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 ? 'i 
 
 I ! 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 j 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 94 
 
 BUYACE.E. 
 
 [I)inti>'hiuin, 
 
 ciipilhieca^ Iletlw. Muse. Frond, ii. 7*J, t. liO. Ci/nojitiKlimn 
 c<(jnll(tci'n/n, IIc'ilw. ; Mitlcn, Juuni. Limi. Soc. xii. 41. iSmtrtzia 
 inontiinUy \a\u\\}.\ I)r;iitli\v. IJril. Muss-Fl. i. lOli, t. IT), 1). 
 II All. Culd iiiiil siilmlpiiie regions, in liMsiirus uf rucks; nut niro. 
 
 li. D. inclinatum, nruch & Soliimi.. I>i*'f^'f« f>'»>iu the 
 ]»rc'('t'(lin<; in its soft irri\t;ul:ir «lark grcon tufts; the lojivos 
 close, shorter, more narrowly siil)'ilate atid minutely serrate at 
 the apex ; the male flowers at the hase of the ])erieha'tium, 
 which is composed of three sheathihj^ leaves; the capsule cer- 
 nuous, shorter ovate ; and the teeth broader, stronjjfly articulate, 
 bifid or cribrose. — IJryol. Eur. t. 11)4. tSwartzia i'tclluata, 
 Iledw. Muse. Frond, ii. 74, t. '2' ; liraithw. 1. c. 10.'>, t. 15, C. 
 
 IlAn. Northern shore of Lake Superior (/I </«.s.s/2) ; liucky Moimtuins 
 { Drumiitond) ; Colormlo (Dowiiiv); Uinta Mountains (W'atiiun); Sierra 
 Nevada {liolandvr). 
 
 Tric/iontomnm (?) Hcitnlitin, Austin (Coult. Bot. Gaz. i. 20), described 
 as small with slender stems, the leaves distichous, erect, subsheathing at 
 base, spreading and undulate, abruptly linear-canaliculate, scabrous and 
 papillose, eiose-serrate at tlie apex, is apparently a form of this species. 
 The description is made from sterile plants foiuid on dry shaded lime- 
 Stone rocks at the zinc mines of Odcuburg, New Jersey. The author 
 remarks that the leaves are nuich like tliose of DlKtlcJtlum incluKilum, 
 but they are more nndulate-tlexuous, less solid, not so acute, and the 
 papillui of the surface are larger. 
 
 32. EUSTIOHIA, Brid. (PI. 2.) 
 
 Plants with the aspect of Fissidens^ more or less densely 
 gregarious; stems simple, rarely forking, flat, radiculose and 
 bulbiform at base. Leaves distichous, densely imbricate, cari- 
 nate-plicate, erect, smooth, glossy ; costa thick, compressed 
 toward the base into a narrow lamina, more enlarged toward 
 the apex, percurrent or vanishing below the apex in the stetn- 
 leaves, passing in the floral leaves into a long flexuous lorate 
 acumen ; areolation oblong-elongated, hyaline below, quadrate- 
 hexagonal and chlorophyllose above. P^lowers dia^cious, ter- 
 minal, gemmiform ; antheridia and archegonia long, slender, 
 with few short piliform paraphyses. Calyptra cucullate. Cajv 
 sule oval or obovate, on a short flexuous pedicel. Lid flat, con- 
 vex when moistened, obliquely and narrowly rostrate. Pei'i- 
 stome none. 
 
BunttchicL ] 
 
 bUVACEvE. 
 
 % 
 
 1. E. Norvegica, Bri<l. Plants one or two cm. loii<r, sul»- 
 fiexuoiis: luavc's sliort-acimiinati'; rosta vauisliini; at or ln-low 
 tho ajK'x; |M'ri;x""i"i" "^ tlirt'o coiicavt' loratr-a<'UMiiiiati' U-avi's; 
 ])c>ru'liit>tiitm (listiclioiis, tlu* lower leaves shorter, the ii|»|»er aixl 
 inner ones very lon^^-acuininate, obscurely serrate at the apex : 
 calyptra iarj^e, (uieuilifonn, split three-fourths of its leni^th, 
 tipped with a I(>m^ slender Hexuous awn as loni^ as the ealy|»tra: 
 capsule ()I)ovate, pale yellow, re<l-l)or(lere(l at the oritiee, oldicpje 
 or inclined horizontally njion a comparatively thick pedicel 
 (li m.in. lon<x) ; lid red at its base, loni^-jiersistent, attached to 
 the columella an<l bearing at the bonh'rs frai^ments of tiu' inner 
 membrane lacerated in its dehiscence, — IJryol. Tniv. ii. (J74 ; 
 Hryol. Eur. t. lOf); Sulliv. Mosses of V. States, '21); K. (i. 
 Kni<;ht., IJull. Torr. Club, x. 00, ti^^s. l-(). Phiflhu/oiiimn Xorve- 
 (ficum^ Sulliv. Muse. Allejjfh. n. 4(), and Mi'in. Amer. Acad. n. 
 fier. ill. 57, t. 1. Jiryozijthiutn A'arvet/icm/iy ^litten, Journ. 
 Linn. Soc. xii. 580. 
 
 IlAn. Not rare on the shaded vertical face of sandstone rocka in the 
 coal measures of Middle Ohio and Koiitncky, sterile. Found fertile only 
 (July, 188vJ) in similar situations on rorks of the Potsdam sandstone in 
 the dells of the Wisconsin lliver near Kilbourn City, Wisconsin, by Miss 
 Elizabeth G. Knight. 
 
 Two species only of this genus are known. The second, E. Suvatcri, 
 Ilusnot (lievue Hryol. v. 8.^), is from Japan, and has also been found in 
 fruit. It differs mtirely In the shorter and broader stem-leaves, abruptly 
 round-truncate and denticulate at the apex, and cuspidate by the excurrent 
 rough thick pointed costa. The pedicel is of the same length and char- 
 acter; the deoperculate capsule is oval. The calyptra and the operculum 
 have not been seen. 
 
 SuBTRini: TV. SEUGERIE^. 
 
 Plants minute, rarely of large size, gregarious or densely 
 eespitose. Leaves open, narrow, lanceolate or subulate, cos- 
 tate ; cellules of the areolation minute, quadrate, larger at the 
 base, smooth. Flowers gemmiform. Calyptra cucullate, 
 smooth, entire or 3-5-lobate at base. Capside erect, subsphcr- 
 ical, with a distinct collum, gymnostome or with a peri- 
 stome of 16 lanceolate acute or obtuse or truncate smooth flat 
 teeth. 
 
 M 
 
 ''(ill 
 
 M 
 
 ■I' 
 
 •I Jj. 
 
 
 'i 
 
 : ■ i 
 
 
 r h 
 
 i'' 
 
 
 m 
 
M 
 
 BUY ACE. K. 
 
 \Ano>ht». 
 
 33. ANODUS, Hruch & Srhimj). 
 
 Plants vory short, i^rcj^arious, Niin)»li'. lioavrs lancculatc- 
 
 iiihulatc, inlmiti'ly sorratf. Flowt-rs luomi'cioiis, witliuut |»ara- 
 
 jdiyst's. Capsuli' cn-ct, Muhturhiiritc, distinctly wln)rt-ii('«'k»'<l, 
 
 Boft, thin, <;yninoHtoint', inacrostonu' an<l I'xannnlatf ; jtt'dictl 
 
 Htraii^ht, i-oniparativcly U>n<^. OptTcuhuM hirj^c, short-lK-akc*!. 
 
 1. A. DouianUS, Ilrnch & Schltn|). Leaves (K'e|>ly i-anali- 
 cuhite, with a stronjx continuous nerve mostly ('oniposini; the 
 n|H'.\ ; basilar ceils of tlie areolatioii rectanj^ular, empty, the 
 upper (juachate, small, chlorophyllose. — Hryol. Kur. t. lOW. 
 (j)pnn<tHtotnKHt DimUiinun^ Smith, Kni^l. Hot. t. l.'"iS'2. Sili<jrrhi 
 J)<tni(Hia, Muell. Syn. 1.420; JJraithw. IJrit. Moss-FI. i. 110, 
 t. 10, (i. 
 
 II All. I.inu'sfoiH' rocks, Littlu Fulls, New York (C. //. PtfA:); Owen 
 Sound, Canada [MnrnHn). 
 
 34. SELIGERIA, Urueh & Schimp. (IM. 1.) 
 Plants sli/^htly more robust than in the last jjfenus. I^owor 
 leaves ve»'y small, distant, the uj)j)er al)ruj)tly tufted and miii h 
 longer, entire ; eosta stronger ui>\vards, semi-terete or canail- 
 culate. Capsule suhglobose, of thick textpre, tJimid at the 
 collum, turbinate when emj>ty. Lid large at tlie base, subulate- 
 beaked. Peristo!ne of 10 broad solid teeth, linear-lanceolate, 
 obtuse or jwinted, free to the base, smooth, orange, without 
 dividing lines, intlexed when moistened, retlexed when dry. 
 
 1. S. pusilla, Brudi & Schimp. Plants very small, soft, 
 briglit green, loosely cespitose : lower leaves narrowly lanceo- 
 late, the uj)])er long, narrowly linear from a broader concave 
 l)aso ; costa slender, vanishing below the apex, translucent ; 
 borders nearly entire, very narrow, distinct to near the apex ; 
 ))ericha3tial leaves half-clas))ing at base, lanceolate, subulate 
 above : male flowers terminal on 8e])arate branches or sessile 
 under the perieha?*ium : capsule ribbed when dry, on a com- 
 ])aratively long strict yellowish pedicel ; lid oblique, subulate- 
 l)eaked. — Rryol. Eur. t. 110; Snlliv. Mosses of U. States, «0; 
 Braithw. Brit. Moss-Fl. i. 117, t. 16, II. Weida jmsilla, Iledw. 
 Muse. Frond, ii. 78, t. 29. 
 
Srllrjrrlit.] 
 
 nUYACE.'E. 
 
 07 
 
 II.vii. Slimlivl limostono rorku, St. Lntiiit, Missouri (Druttimnnil); 
 I)«vll's llolf, lu'iir Niiigiiift FiilU (({. \y. t'linton); \»'\v Jersey ( iuntin); 
 KfllyV' Islitinl. I<iik«> Krii! {Lrst/uercux), 
 
 "2. S. calcarea, Ifnich & Sdiimp. DifTtTs from tlic jirc- 
 ocdint; ill tin* shorter aii*l lirf):i(|t'r U'.'Ivch, tin- lower laiu'col.ite, 
 tlie upjicr ovate, oliloti'^ at liase, eoiieave, alM'ii|ttly iiarrowetl to 
 a Hiihiilate Idiiiit apex, the costa Mat, eiilarixetl iipwanl ami till- 
 ini; the whole width ^)i the lainina ; eajiHule lari^er, more solid, 
 with the heak ot" the lid shorter, and the teeth l>roa(U'r and 
 more densely articulate: s|»oreH lari^er. — Hryol. Kiir. t. 110; 
 Hraithw. I. e. I'JO, t. 17, U. lirifiitn rnJnoutnn^ Dicks. 1*1. 
 Crypt. WvUht <;nh;<n'«'ii,\\v{W Spec. Miisc. <»('», t. xi. 
 
 II A II. I.lint'stone rocks, Owen .Sound, Cuiuida {Mitroun), 
 
 H. S. recurvata, Hmch &, Scliim|). riants widely cesjiltose, 
 very short: upper leaves ovaldanceolate at hase, canaliculate 
 above, loiit;-sul»ulate l)y the excurreiit costa, entire; perichatial 
 leaves sheathiiii^, tnhnlose at base, Iance(»late-snluilate, flcMious 
 above: capsule siib^lobose, inflated at the collnm, thin, loosely 
 areolate, red at the orifice ; pedicel htiii;, yellowish, arcuate 
 when moistened, erect when dry; lid straii^ht, subulate-beaked ; 
 teeth lim-ar, obtuse or lanceolate, sometimes irreu^ularly bifid at 
 the apex. — Hryol. Kur. t. 112. (irhnniUi rec'ff.rcata, Ifedw. 
 Muse. Froijd. i. 10*2, t. 88. tS. setacea, Lindb.; Hraithw. 1. c. 121, 
 t. 17, C. 
 
 Var. arcuata. Leaves shorter ; pedicel sli<;htly arched. — 
 Weisid SeliijcH^ Hook. & Wils. in Drumm. Muse. Am. n. 0<). 
 
 II AU. Devil's Hole, Niagara {L'linUm, Mrs. Hoy); limestone rocks, 
 Easton, Penn, (James); the variety on the molusse of Lake Winnipeg 
 (Dnnnniond). 
 
 4. S. tristicha, Bruch & Schimp. Plants rijjfid and cespi- 
 tose, short, branchinif: leaves distinctly three-ranked, close, 
 rigid, eHii)tical, whitish at base, narrowly linear to the blunt 
 apex ; perichrotial leaves longer, subulate and recurved at the 
 apex ; costa cxcurrent : capsule as in the jireceding species ; 
 beak of the lid inclined, orange-colored ; teeth a little narrower. 
 — Bryol. Eur. t. 111. Weisia tristicha^ Brid. Sj»ec. Muse. 116. 
 S. trifaria, Lindb.; Braithw. 1. c. 118, t. 16, K. 
 
 Hab. Limestone rocks, in shaded ravines, Central Ohio {Sullivant); 
 very rare. 
 
 Distinguished from ^he two preceding species by its black color and the 
 three-ranked arrangement of tbe leaves. 
 
 ;■!' 
 
 1 
 
 hil 
 
 t 
 
 ! 
 
 ■i 
 
 i\ '; 
 
 i; 
 
 : 
 
 ill 
 
|i ri^ryiwr- 
 
 98 
 
 BRyACE.E. 
 
 [lillndia. 
 
 35. BLINDIA, Bruch & Scliimp. 
 Plants of larger size, densely cespitose, branching by innova- 
 tions from under the apex, fastigiate when old. Leaves crowded, 
 open or stcund, broadly lanceolate at base, subulate, canalicu- 
 late and costate to the apex, glossy ; areolation narrow, quad- 
 rate toward the apex, linear at base, enlarged and orange- 
 colored at the basilar angles. Flowers dicBcious; perichajtium 
 sheathing. Calyptra large, covering tho capsule to the middle. 
 Capsule exserted on a long or short pedicel, subglobose, solid, 
 inflated .at the collum ; peristome of lii equidistant lanceolate 
 teeth, entire or perforated or bifid at the apex, purple, erect 
 when dry, arcuate and connivent when moistened, distantly 
 articulate. 
 
 1. B. acuta, Bruch & Schimp. Tufts olive or yellowish 
 green : plants variable in size, one to fifteen cm. long, the 
 slender stem mostly naked in the lower part. — Bryol. Eur. 
 t. 114 ; Braithw. Brit. Moss-Fl. i. 124, t. 17, F. Weisia acuta, 
 Hedw. Muse. Frond. 85, t. 35. Grimmia acuta, Smith, Engl. 
 Bot. t. 1644. 
 
 Had. On wet rocks, Rocky Mountains [Vrummond) ; Cauterskill River, 
 New York (Lesqiiereux) \ White Mountains {James)\ Oregon (Hall). 
 
 f I 
 
 I 
 
 36. BRACHYODUS, Fuernr. 
 Plants very small, densely gregarious. Leaves lanceolate, 
 subulate, tufted, with a semiterete cxcurrent costa ; areolation 
 minute and quadrate toward the apex, rectangular-hexagonal 
 and smooth in the lower part. Flowers raoncecious, terminal ; 
 antheridia without paraphyses. Calyptra erect, conical, five- 
 lobate at base, split on one side to near the apex. Capsule 
 gradually enlarged from the top of the pedicel, erect, oblong, 
 soft, substriate ; lid convex at base, abruptly long-subulate, 
 crenulate on the borders. Teeth of the peristome hyaline, 
 punctulate, sometimes perforate, confluent at base, broad and 
 truncate, rarely lanceolate, entirOo Annulus compound, very 
 large, persistent. 
 
CampyloHtelenm,] 
 
 BRYACE^E. 
 
 99 
 
 Schlmper (Syn. Muse. etl. 2, 132) calls this genus paradoxical, but oon- 
 niders it more related to the Seliycriw than to any other. Another species 
 {B. flexisetm, Ilampe) is found in the Andes of South America. 
 
 1. B. trichodes, Fuernr. Plants simple : lower loaves 
 small, obscurely cordate, the upper laxioh longer, subulate 
 from the ovate concave base : capsule deeply wrinkled lenjifth- 
 wise when old ; pedicel twisted to the left in the upper part, 
 to the right in the lower. — Kegcnsb. Flora, x., Beil. ll'J ; Neestfe 
 Ilornsch. Bryol. Genii, li. 2. 5, t. 25 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 115. Gt/)H' 
 nostonmm trichodes^ Web. & Mohr, Bot. Tasch. M5. Uracfnj- 
 dontium trichodes, Faernr. ; Braithw. Brit. Moss-Fl. i. 122, 
 t. 17, D. 
 
 Hab. On trap dykes, Tuckerman's Ravine. Mount Washington (O. D, 
 Allen). 
 
 37. CAMPYLOSTELEUM, Bruch & Schimp. 
 Plfints densely gregarious, very short, delicate. Leaves subu- 
 late ; areolation minutely qi.adrate and chlorophyllose in the 
 ujiper part, hexagonal, rectangular and hyaline in the lower. 
 Capsule of thin texture, on a slender geniculate or arcuate 
 pedicel. Teeth of the peristome 16, lanceolate-subulate, split 
 to the mitMle or to the base. Annulus broad, compound,, 
 revoluble. Spores very small. 
 
 This genus is placed by Llndberg and Braithwaite with Glyphomitraim 
 and Coscinodon. 
 
 1. 0. saxicola, Bruch & Schimp. Stem radiculose at 
 base : lower leaves minute, lanceolate, the upper densely tufted,, 
 long-linear, subulate from the lanceolate base, concave, slightly 
 recurved when moistened, subcrispate when dry ; costa thick, 
 percurrent ; perichaBtial leaves enlarged, concave at base, 
 narrower upward : flowers moncecious ; male buds on a short 
 basilar branch : capsule oblong, cylindrical, oval, pale red at the 
 orifice, declined on a long very slender pale geniculate pedicel ; 
 lid with a very long subulate beak ; teeth reddish at base, pale 
 and punctulate at the apex of the narrow linear segments. — 
 Bryol. Eur. t. 116. Dicranum saxicola, Web. & Mohr, Bot. 
 Tasch. 167. Campylopus^^viA. Grimmia genictdata, Schwae^ir. 
 Suppl. i. 82, t. 22. G. saxicola, Hook. Engl. Bot. Suppl. t. 2627. 
 Hab. On erratic rocks, Massachusetts (i2. C. Ingraham); sandstonu 
 rocks, Kentucky (Lesquereux). 
 
 n 
 
 I 
 
 
! I' 
 
 100 
 
 BRTACE^. 
 
 [Pharomitrium. 
 
 Tribe III. POTTIES. 
 
 Plants generally perennial ; innovations fastigiatt ; areolation 
 parenchymatous, quadrate-hexagonal in the upper part, more or 
 less papillose, very chlorophyllose, dilated and hyaline toward 
 the base. Caly])tra eucullate, rarely mitriform-lobate, smooth. 
 Capsule generally erect, symmetrical. Peristome simple, rarely 
 absent, of 16 teeth, either rudimentary, flat and membranaceous, 
 or more generally perfect, often split to the base into 32 round 
 filiform indistinctly articulate segments. 
 
 38. PHAROMITRIUM, Schimp. 
 Capsule immersed, globose, without peristome, enlarged at 
 the orifice after the falling of the lid, soft, loosely areolate. 
 Calyptra oblique, piurilobate. 
 
 1. P. SUbsessile, Schimp. Plants short, cespitose: leaves 
 obovate-oblong, acuminate, with a round costa passing up into a 
 long pellucid hair-point, bearing in the middle two to four 
 follicles filled with a granulose mucilaginous mass, often divided 
 into two to four lamellae: flowers monoecious; anthei*8 parar 
 physate in the axils of a single perigonial leaf near the base of 
 the perichfetium : capsule on a short erect pedicel ; lid large, 
 jilano-convcx at base, abruptly narrowed into a short slender 
 and erect or inclined beak; annulus none, — Syn. Muse. 121. 
 Schistidium subsessile^ Brid. I^ottia subsessilis^ Bruch & 
 Schimp., Bryol. Eur. t. 117. 
 
 IlAB. On sandy or clayey ground, stone walls, etc. ; plains and moun- 
 tains; not rare. 
 
 Variable in size, from one or two m.m. to four cm, or more in length; 
 borders of the leaves generally entire near the apex, sometimes with a 
 few distinct teeth. Pharomitrium exiguum, Austin (Bull. Torr. Club, 
 vi. 42), mere buds or young plants with scarcely any stems, and with the 
 borders of the leaves denticulate at the apex, is a variety which is found 
 also among Europ3an specimens. 
 
 39. POTTIA, Ehrh. (PI. 2.) 
 Sparingly branching from the base or simple. Leaves ovate- 
 oblong, acuminate, soft, opaque, smooth or papillose ; costa 
 
Pottia.] 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 101 
 
 round, rarely lamellose toward the apex. Capsule erect. 
 Peristome either none or very imperfect, or composed of 10 flat 
 teeth. 
 
 * Capsule without peristome or nearly so. 
 
 1. P. cavifolia, Ehrh. Leaves ovate-oblong, very concave, 
 long-aristate by the excurrent lamellate costa : ca[)sule exserted, 
 ovate-oblong. — Beitr. i. 187; Bryol. Eur. t. 118. Gymnusto- 
 mum ovatum, Iledw. Muse. Frond, i. 15, t. 6. I^ottia pusilkty 
 Lin«lb. Trichost. 218. 
 
 Had. On naked ground ; Platte River, at base of the Rocky Moun- 
 tains {E. IJall); Fort Colville (Lyall); near Carson City, Nevada 
 ( Watson). 
 
 Tl»e leaves are sometimes scarcely aristate and the plants in loose tufts, 
 sometimes with a very long white hair and the plants very densely 
 cespitose. 
 
 2. P. minutula, Fuern. Plants minute, annual : loaves 
 
 open, ovate and oblong-lanceolate, cusjjidate by the excurrent 
 
 brown costa, recurved on the borders, minutely papillose on the 
 
 back, reddish when old : anthers naked in the axils of perichje- 
 
 tial or in buds composed of two small jierigonial leaves : caj>- 
 
 sule minute, ovate, truncate ; lid broad, short, conical-obtuse. — 
 
 Regensb. Flora, xii, Erg.-bl. 10; Bryol. Eur. t. 119. Gymnosto- 
 
 mum minutulnm, Schwaegr. Suppl. i. 25, t. 9. P. Starkei, var. 
 
 gymnostoma^ Lindb. Trichost. 219. 
 
 Hah. Los Angeles, California (Bigelow)', veiy rare in America, com- 
 mon in Europe. 
 
 3. P. truncata, Fuern. 1. c. Plants small and simple, or 
 longer and ramose, gregarious or subcesi)itose : leaves open, 
 oblong or obovate, acuminate and mucronate by the excurrent 
 costa, soft, loosely areolate, concave, flat on the borders, nearly 
 smooth : capsule broadly ovate, truncate or subcylindrical, 
 gymnostome ; lid plano-convex, obliquely rostellate, attached to 
 the columella and falling with it. — Bryol. Eur. t. 120, 121. 
 Hi'yum, fruncatulum, Linn. Spec. PI. 1119. Gymnostomiim 
 truncatum^ Hedw. Muse. Frond, i. 13, t. 5. P. eustoma, Ehrh. 
 Beitr. i. 187. 
 
 Hab. Open ground; New England to Pennsylvania. • 
 
 4. P. Wilsoni, Bruch & Schimp. Plants simple, loosely 
 cespitose : leaves close, gradually larger upwards, open, erect, 
 oval-oblong or ovate-spathulate, rounded at the apex and cuspi- 
 
 ■r 
 
 
 
 ml 
 
 
 k 
 
 hi 
 
|l WfW^ 
 
 102 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Pottia. 
 
 ■ * ' 
 
 { 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 ■J 
 ( 
 
 j 
 
 
 date by the excurrent yellowish costa, plano-concave, with 
 borders sliijfhtly recurved, green, chlorophyllose and verrucose 
 in the u|>i»er i)art, kjosely areolate and hyaline toward the base: 
 antheridia paraphysate, axillary : calyptra tawny and scabrous 
 at the aj)ex : lid obliipiely rostrate from a convex base : ])eri- 
 stome co^npo^e<l of a basilar paj)illose membrane with an irregu- 
 lar margin sometimes cut into rudimentary teeth ; annuliis 
 simple. — Bryol. Eur. t. 122. Gymnostomutn Wilsotii, Hook. 
 Bot. Misc. i. 148, t. 41 ; Wils. Suppl. Engl. Bot. t. 2710. P. 
 truncata^ var. siibct/lindrica, James, Bot. King Exp. 399. 
 Had. Meadows near Carson City, Nevada ( Watson). 
 
 5. P. Heimii, Fuern. 1. c. Plants more robust, v/iriable in 
 length, ctspitose: leaves oj)en, flexuous, the lower distant, 
 broadly lanceolate, the upj)er longer, close and tufted, lanceo- 
 late-acuminate, serrulate at the a])ex ; costa subj)orcurrent : 
 flowers synciH'ious or in separate terminal buds : calyj)tra large, 
 smooth: capsule obovate or oblong, truncate, solid, brown; 
 li<l obliquely rostrate from a plano-convex base, attached to the 
 exserted columella and deciduous with it. — Bryol. Eur. t. 124 ; 
 Muell. Syn. i. 551. Gynviostomum Heimii^ Hedw. Muse. Frond, 
 i. 80, t. 30. 
 
 Hau. Ditches near Soda Springs, on tlie Upper Tuolumne, California 
 {liolamler); mountains of Utah and Nevada ( Watson); Colorado and the 
 Kocky Mountains of British America; not rare. 
 
 6. P. riparia, Aust. Plants short, widely cespitose, dirty 
 green : leaves narrowed to the half-clasping base, sulv 
 spatulate, rounded or lanceolate with a short acumen, more or 
 less distinctly denticulate, plane on the borders ; costa stout, 
 vanishing below the apex: flowers dioecious (?) (male plants 
 unknown) : capsule comparatively long and narrow, cylindric- 
 ol)long, erect or slightly cernnons ; lid conical, mamillate ; 
 columella long, emerging, attached to the lid ; amnilus largo, 
 compound. — Muse. Appal, n. 112; Sulliv. Icon. Muse. Siii)p]. 
 34, t. 21. 
 
 Hab. On moist rocks along streams; Palisades of Southern New York 
 and New Jersey, rarely fertile (^4 Mstm). . v, 
 
 7. P. Barbula, Muell. Plants stemless, budding, gregari- 
 otis or subcespitose, simjile : leaves few, close together, slightly 
 twisted, oblong-lanceolate, the lower acuminate, the upper 
 blunt at the slightly crenulate apex: flowers dioecious, termi- 
 
Pottia.] 
 
 BRTACE.E. 
 
 103 
 
 nal ; perigonial leaves four, small, oval or cordate : capsule 
 erect or slightly curved, narrowly cylindrical, annulate ; lid 
 conical - subulate. — Syn. i. 558. Gyuinostomatn liarhula^ 
 Schwaegr. Suppl. ii. 77, t. 175. Ilyophila Jiarbula, Ilanipc, 
 Bot. Zeit. iv. 2G7. 
 II AB. Limestone rocks, Key West (Garher); a Cuban species. 
 
 # # Capsule with a distinct peristome. 
 
 8. P. Starkeana, Muell. Plants minute, subccspitosc. 
 annual, simple : leaves tufte<l, oblong-lanceolate, concave, re- 
 flexed on the borders, i)apilloso in the uj)per part, shortly 
 mucronate by the e\current costa : flowers moncecious ; anther- 
 idia without paraphyses in the axils of comal leaves : capsule 
 very small, oval-oblong, chestnut-color, glossy : lid short, coni- 
 cal, obtuse ; teeth plane, truncate or obtuse, with three or four 
 articulations, entire or perforated here and there, pale yellow, 
 papillose ; annulus simple, persistent. — Syn. i. 547. Weisia 
 Starkeana^ Iledw. Muse. Frond, iii. 83, t. 34. Anacahjpta 
 iStarkemia^ Fuern. 1. c. 25; Nees & Ilornsch. Bryol. Germ. ii. 
 139, t. 3G ; Bryol. Eur. t. 125. 
 
 Had. On the ground, Mission Dolores, California (Bolander); Utah 
 ( Watson). 
 
 The leaves, cuspidate by the excurrent costa, and the presence of an 
 annulus and peristome separate this species from P. minutiUa, which it 
 much resembles. 
 
 9. P. latifolia, Muell. Plants short, bulbiform, branching 
 from the base, gregarious or loosely tufted, whitish green : 
 leaves imbricate in buds, the lower rounded, the ui)per round- 
 sjjatulate, nearly emarginate and abruj)tly apiculate ; costa 
 vanishing below the apex ; perichaetial leaves narrower, obtuse, 
 all very concave, nearly diaj>hanous ; upj)er areolation short, 
 oval, slightly chlorophyllose, the lower more enlarged, hexag- 
 onal-rectangular : male flowers in separate buds near the base 
 of the fertile plants: capsule oval-oblong, erect, rarely sub- 
 cernuous ; lid rostellate, oblique ; teeth lanceolate, irregularly 
 bifid above the middle, enlarged and united at base by a narrow 
 membrane, yellow, minutely j)aj)illose ; annulus narrow, per- 
 sistent. — Syn. i. 549. Weisia latifolia., Schwaegr. Suppl. i. 64, 
 t. 18. Anacalypta latifolia^ Fuern. 1. c. ; Nees ifc ilornsch. 
 Bryol. Germ. ii. 185, t. 36 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 128. P. pilifera, 
 var. inutica, Lindb. 
 
104 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Dtclymodon. 
 
 Var. pilifera, Muell. Apex of the leaves prolonged into a 
 flexuous hair. — liri/iini piliferuniy Dicku. PI. Crypt, iv. 10. 
 Pottia pUi/era, Lintlb. Trichost. '2'23. 
 
 Haii. Naked ground in alpine districts; Colorado (Downle, Wolf, 
 ltothrock)\ Uinta Mountains ( \Vataon)\ Britisli America (Druiniwjnd). 
 
 40. DIDYMODON, Iledw. (PI. 2.) 
 
 Plants repeate<lly dichotomous, fastigiatc, radiculose at base. 
 Areolation of the leaves narrower than in the preceding genus, 
 hyaline at base, chlorophyllose and densely paj)illo8e in the 
 upper j)art. Flowers polygamous and ditecious, gennniform. 
 Calyptra long, eueullate. Teeth of the peristome ])lane, 
 slender, linear-lanceolate, confluent at base, nearly entire or 
 split either partly or sometimes their whole length, distantly 
 articulate, punctulate, not papillose, often irregular. Annulus 
 
 distinct. 
 
 Distinguished from Trichontomum by the peristome composed of a flat 
 double lamina, and by the softer and more papillose leaves. 
 
 1. D. rubellus, Bruch & Schimp. Plants in red<lish tufts, 
 
 slendei", about two cm. long : leaves erect at base, open, 
 
 flexuous above, crispate when dry, the lower lanceolate, shorter, 
 
 the upper linear-lanceolate, acuminate, half-clasping at base, 
 
 the borders revolute above, minutely papillose on both faces ; 
 
 costa harrow, percurrent ; perichaetial leaves with a longer 
 
 clasping hyaline very thin base : capsule oblong-cylindrical, of 
 
 thin texture, dusky green when filled ; lid short or long-rostrate, 
 
 inclined ; teeth linear, more or less strongly articulate, entire or 
 
 perforated along the divisural line, soft, pale red; annulus 
 
 large, fragile. — Bryol. Eur. t. 185. Bryuin rubellnm, Hoffm. 
 
 Weisia recurvirostris and curvirostris^ Auct. Trichostomum 
 
 rithellum^ Rabenh. ; Muell. Syn. i. 581 ; Lindb. Trichost. 226. 
 
 Hab. On stones or on the ground, on or near the water; plains and 
 mountains; not uncommon on both the eastern and western slopes. 
 
 2. D. luridus, Hornsch. DicEcious: tufts green when 
 moist, dirty brown when dry, half to one cm. long, simple or 
 sparingly branching: leaves open when moistened, imbricate 
 when dry, the lower broadly ovate-lanceolate, the upper longer, 
 ovate at base, lanceolate above, blunt or acute, concave, with 
 borders reflexed and surface nearly smooth; costa stout, 
 
Leptotrichum.] 
 
 IJRYACE.E. 
 
 105 
 
 vanishing with or below the apex ; nreolntion distinct, rect- 
 angulur, a little enlarged in the lower part; perichiutial 
 leaves erect, similar, with a loose areolation : lid conical, acu- 
 minate or blunt, inclined or erect, variable in length ; teeth 
 irregular, simple or variously divided, sometimes rudimentary; 
 basilar membrane none; annulus wry narrow, persistent. — 
 tSpreng. Syst. iv. 173 ; liryol. Eur. t. 180. I'richostomum 
 luridum^ Spruce ; Lindb. Trichost. 2*20. 
 
 Var. cuspidatus, Schimp. Leaves cuspidate by the ex- 
 current nerve. 
 
 Hau. Niagara Falls (Drumrnond, Clinton); Minnesota {Ldphmn); 
 abundant on limestone rocks washed by spray, northern shores of Kelly 
 Island, Lake Erie {Lesquereux). 
 
 S. D. cylindricus, Bruch & Schimp. Dicecious: loosely 
 cesi)ito8e, pale green : leaves long, open, flexuous, linear- 
 acuminate, twisted when dry, whitish at the base, fragile, flat, 
 oj)aque-verruculo8e above, minutely crenulate on the borders, 
 or with a few distinct teeth near the apex ; costa narrow, ex- 
 current into a short point: capsule narrowly cylindrical, on a 
 long ])ale soft pedicel ; lid long-rostrate, subulate ; teeth nar- 
 rowly linear-lanceolate, entire or diversely lacerate-perforate, 
 fugacious* annulus narrow, persistent. — Bryol. Eur. t. 187. 
 Wefsia cyUmh'ica^ Bruch ; Brid. Bryol. Univ. i. 806. Welsia 
 tenuirostrisy Ilook & Tayl. Muse. Brit. (2 e<l.) 83, t. 3, Suppl. 
 Trichostoruuni tenuirostre, Lindb. Trichost. 225. 
 
 Had. On old wood and twigs, Chester Co., Pennsylvania, and In the 
 Alleghany, Catskill and White Mountains (Juines); Ontario, Canada 
 iMrs. Hoy); rarely fertile. 
 
 4L LEPTOTRICHUM, Hampe. (PL 1.) 
 
 Plants slender. Leaves smooth, lanceolate-subulate ; areola- 
 tion narrowly rectangular above, looser hexagonal-rectangular 
 below. Capsule oval or cylindrical, erect, on a long straight 
 rarely flexuous pedicel. Teeth of the peristome cleft to the base 
 into two linear articulate segments, erect or a little inclined to 
 one side, purple. Annulus compound, deciduous. 
 
 * Flowers dioecious. 
 
 1. L. tortile, Muell. Plants short : leaves secund or spread- 
 ing, lanceolate-subulate ; borders recurved in the middle ; costa 
 
 ■ a 
 
 %\i 
 
 1. 1 
 
 ;'(, 
 
106 
 
 BRYACE^E. 
 
 [Leptotrichiim. 
 
 'Mil 
 
 !' 
 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 cxcurrent, sorrate at the apex : calyptra desceiidlng to tlio 
 middle of the capHulo: capsule narrowly ohloiii^ or cylindri- 
 cal, erect or Hliufhtly curved, rej^ular; lid sliort-beakecl ; teeth 
 attached to a somewhat large basilar mendjrane, mostly free 
 but sometimes j>artly connate in the upper part, very variable, 
 no<lulo8e, more or less distinctly j»apillose. — Syn. i. 454. 
 TnchostomiDn tortile^ Schrad. ; Bryol. Eur. t. 179; SuUiv. 
 31osses of IT. States, 20. 
 
 Var. pusillum, Schimp. Plants and capsules smaller; 
 leaves ovate, concave at base, subulate. — Trichostomum 
 jmsillwn, Iledw. J^Iusc. Frond, i. 78, t. 28. l>ej)totnc/ium 
 2>nsillmn, Ilampe, Linmea, xx. 74. 
 
 ILvn. Sandy and gravelly ground, by roadsides, and in open fields In 
 Lilly districts ; the variety near Pliiladelpliia {James). 
 
 TnicnosTOMUM tknuk, lledw. (Spec. Muse. 107, t. 24), collected by 
 Muhlcnbcry at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, still remains an uncertain 
 species, of which notldng is known but from Iledwig's description and 
 figure. It dilTers from L. tortile in its large double annulus, the more 
 solid brownish-red capsule, and the plane margin of the leaves. 
 
 2. L. vaginalis. Differs from the preceding species in its 
 slender slightly longer stems, a longer sheathing pericha'tium, 
 whose imbricate leaves are gradually narrowed or lanceolate- 
 subulate to a sliorter blunt apex, the narrower capsule, the 
 larger annulus, and the smooth strongly articulate or nodose 
 teeth. — Tnchostonium pusillum^ var.. Hook & Wils., Drumm. 
 Muse. Amer. (Coll. II.), n. 60 and 61. T. vaginana^ Sulliv. 
 Muse. Allegh. n. 176, Mosses of U. States, 26, and Icon. 
 Muse. 43, t. 28. 2\ tortile^ var. pusillum^ Muell. Syn. i. 454, 
 in ]>art. 
 
 Had. Clayey and sandy soil In Uie Middle States; not rare. 
 
 Trichostomum nodulosHm, Aust. (Bull. Ton>Club, vi. 74), is merely a 
 variflty of this species, as the only cliaracter indicated by the autlior as 
 speciilc is tlie peristome, which is smootli in his species, and wliicli he 
 asserts to be papillose in L. tcujinana, contrary to Sullivant's description 
 and figures. Tlie last species is itself separated with great difficulty and 
 uncertainty from L. tortile, which has the annidus a little narrower, 
 though compound, and the segments of tlie teeth (says Scliimper) very 
 minntely papillose. That this last character is casual is proved by the 
 fact that in his observations in co-operation with Mr. Sullivant, the 
 writer always found the peristome of the species smooth and even shin- 
 ing, while Austin has found it papillose. In my opinion this L. vnginans, 
 though admitted by Schimper, is a mere form of the very variable 
 L. tortile. — {Lesq.) 
 
Leptotrichum.] 
 
 BllYACE.E. 
 
 107 
 
 8. L. homomallum, Ilampe. PlantH loosely cospitoso, 
 brij^lit groi'n, short, about two cm. loni; : It-avos o\tvu or turned 
 to one Hide, ovate, concave at hawe, abruptly Hubulate ; costa 
 stout, excurrent into a loni» very entire point ; i)ericlia'tial 
 leaves with a lonj^ chiMpinj^ ba.se, abruptly and narrowly seta- 
 ceous-subulate : capHule oblonjj-ovate or elliptical, thick-walled, 
 re«ldish ; lid short, conical ; teeth without a basilar membrane, 
 the sej^ments free or partly unite<l, dark red ; annulus broad, com- 
 ))0und, revoluble. — Linnu>a, xx. 74; Schimp. Syn. 141. JJidif- 
 modon homonudlna, Iledw. Spec. Muse. 105, t. iiJi. I'richo- 
 stoututn heteronudhon^ Bruch & Scl'mp. IJryol. Eur. t. 181. 
 
 II AH. On the groiuul, west side of the Rocky Motuitains { Dnwnnond, 
 n. IIU); roadsides, etc., in the White Mouiitnin rej^lon, cununon (Austin), 
 
 4. L. flexicaule, IIami)e, 1. c. Stems lonij, slender, radi- 
 oulose, soft, yellowish or dirty jjreen, re))eatedly divided by 
 innovaticms: leaves open or turned to one si<le or even falcate, 
 lanceolate, long-subulate, the excurrent costa denticulate at the 
 apex : capsule long-pedicellate, small for the size of the {>lants, 
 ovate or elIiptical-ol)long, regular or slightly curved ; lid nar- 
 rowly conical, erect; teeth unequal, with free slender fragile 
 segments. — Cynodontium Jfexiaude, Schwaegr. Suppl. i. 113, 
 t. 29. Trichostomum flexiccude^ Bruch & Schimp. Bryol. Eur. 
 t. 180. 
 
 Var. densum, Schimp. Plants shorter, in compact tufts: 
 leaves erect, shorter. — Syn. 145. 
 
 II AB. On shaded limestone rocks in suhalpine regions; British 
 America (Drummond); Cascade liiver (Lyall)\ Placer Kiver Caflon 
 (3/aeoun); Alaska (Rothrock). 
 
 * * Flowers monoecious. 
 
 5. L. pallidum, Hampe, 1. c. Plants short, loosely cespi- 
 tose, pale or yellowish green : leaves open, erect, spreading or 
 curved to one side, lanceolate at base, very narrowly subulate, 
 the long excurrent costa distinctly denticulate : male flowers 
 gemmiforra in the axils of the comal leaves : capsule ovate- 
 oblong, reddish, on a very long pale yellow pedicel ; lid conical, 
 short-beaked; t«eth divided into unequal segments, free or 
 connate at the articulations, dark purple, twisted when dry. — 
 Trichostormim pallidum^ Iledw. Muse. Frond, i. 71, t. 27 ; 
 Bryol. Eur. t. 183; SuUiv. Mosses of U. States, 26. 
 
 Hab. On bare sandy or clayey soil in woods; commou. 
 
 MJ 
 
 
 '«•! -.■i'lt 
 
 ' iJtifHlll 
 
 ■'".«4» 
 
 1 
 
 v^'i^ 
 
 1 
 
 ■ ' ,H"i 
 
 
 i'U) 
 
 f 
 
 
 r 
 
 ii'ii ■ 
 
 «; 
 
 :\|'l iin 
 
 jiiii it 
 
 
 "^1' 
 
 m 
 
Tpr 
 
 108 
 
 BRYACEvE. 
 
 [Leplotrtchum, 
 
 U : 
 
 i! I 
 
 0. L. Schimperi, Losri. Plants BubccRpitosf, nearly 
 simple, short, yell«>wi.sh green: leaveH open, flexuous or faleate- 
 Heeiuul, ol)lon«; at base, abruptly an«l narrowly long-Nuhiilate, 
 denticulate at the apex only, nearly filled in the up|>er part by 
 the eo8tu; perieluetial leaveH Hheathin«; at base, the inner tubu- 
 lose, long-subulate : flowers genuniforni, narrow, axillary : cap- 
 sule oblong, erect, cylindrical, robust, yellowish brown, with a 
 shorter thick pedicel ; lid longer than in the preceding species, 
 dark red, l)lunt at the apex ; teeth attached to a large orange 
 fugaciotis 1)asilar membrane, slender, pale yellow, linear, irreg- 
 ularly divided, the segments broad, trabecul.'ite (not articulate), 
 lacerate or ]>erforate«l ; anntdus simple: spores very large. — 
 Mem. Calif. Acad. i. 9 ; Sulliv. Icon. Muse. Suppl. 37, t. 24. 
 
 IIab. Coast Ilanges of California, near Momlocino City (liolamhr). 
 
 This species has tlie aspect of the last, but is easily recognized by its 
 greenisli color, tlie sliorter broader solid capsule on a shorter tit icit pedicel, 
 the longer dark red operculum, the much longer leaves, larger basilar 
 areolation, aixl especially the peculiar characters of the peristome. 
 
 7. L. glaucescens, Ilampe, 1. c. Plants cespitose, soft, 
 glaucous ; stems dichotomous or fastigiate : lower leaves very 
 small, distant, l.inceolate, the upper tufted, lanceolate at base, 
 linear-subulate above, distantly serrate toward the apex ; costa 
 percurrent ; areolation distinct : male and female flowers 
 gemmiform, terminal : capsule subcylindrical, thin ; lid nar- 
 rowly conical ; teeth .attached to a very short basilar mem- 
 brane, the segments of various length, articulate, j>aj)illose, 
 purple. — Trichostomum fflaucescefis, Iledw. Muse. Frond, iii. 
 91, t. 37 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 184 ; Sulliv. Mosses of U. States, 2G. 
 Scelania cwsia^ Lindb. Utk. Nat. Grupp. Bladm. 35 ; Braithw. 
 Brit. Moss-Fl. i. 17G, t. 26, F. 
 
 Had. Lake Superior (A(ian»lz)\ Brattleboro, Vermont (i^oaf); Min- 
 nesota (Lapham)', Kooky Mountains (IJrummond, Dowjiie), etc. 
 
 42. TRICHOSTOMUM, Smith. 
 Plants cespitose or pulvinate. Leaves gradually lengthening 
 from the base of the stem upward ; areolation minute, chloro- 
 phyllose in the upper part, diaphanous in the lower. Teeth of 
 the peristome divided to the base into two equal semiterete 
 very papillose segments, either entire or sometimes irregularly 
 divided or connate. Flowers dioecious. 
 
 '<• \. 
 
TrichoHlotuuin,] 
 
 UUYACK.E. 
 
 109 
 
 1. T. tophaceum, nr'nl. StoiuH of vari<>n« lonj^th : leavos 
 
 open troin an c-ivct liiisc, soft, liiicai'-liiiiccolatc, obtiiHi', cari- 
 
 iiatoH'tdicavi', ri'tU'Xud on tin.' honliTs ; co.st.'i stont, vaniNhin^ 
 
 below tlie apex ; pericliiutial leaves longer, more ohtn^e : eap- 
 
 Bulo ovate-oldonj^, on a thick red ofteti tIexuonM pedieel ; lid 
 
 obliquely rostrate, variable in length : teeth unecpial, the f»e^- 
 
 nients eitlier free or partly connate, pale re<l ; ainndns none. — 
 
 MuHC. Ueeent. Siippl. iv. M4 ; Hryol. Km', t. 175. JUxlymodon (?) 
 
 diiwrsifoliuH, Aust. Muse. Appal, n. \\i). 
 
 ILvn. Very coniinon o!i moist llnu'stoiiR rocks; ralifornlii ( 7hV/^/ow, 
 Holiiiiilrr, (iihhniiH); Diill.is Cotuity, T«'xas (ItoU)', Owoii bound, Cjiauda 
 {MrH. liin/); Niagftra Falls (OUwy), storilo. 
 
 2. T. pyriforme. Plants cespitose, very Hhort, «lftrk straw- 
 color, the male plants mneh the smaller: stem-leaves lanceolate, 
 blunt at the apex, the upper longer, undulate on the borders, 
 all entire, eoneave, with the upper nreolation close, opncpie, 
 obsoletely ]>a]>illose on the back ; costa stout, vanishing below 
 or at the aj)ex ; pericluetial leaves longer, oblong and half- 
 clasping at base, lanceolate, distinctly undiUate, obtuse : calyj)- 
 tra reaching to the base of the lid : capside short, obovatc, 
 truncate, subpyriform ; lid large at base, obli(|uely long-rostrate; 
 teeth split nearly to the base into nearly e(|ual filiform seg- 
 ments ; amudus large, compound, easily detached. 
 
 Had. Florida (G(irher)\ coinniunicated as n. 3;W. 
 
 Allied to T. lophacetun in the character of the peristome and the obtuse 
 perichtetial leaves, hut diffen^nt in the mode of growtli, the size of the 
 plants, the subpyriform shape of the annulate capsule, etc. 
 
 3. T. crispulum, Bruch. Plants densely cesfjitose, bright 
 green, slender: comal leaves open, involute or twisted when 
 dry, linear from a slightly enlarged base, cucuUate, incurved at 
 the apex and mucronate by the excurrent costa ; bordere erect, 
 flexuous; areolation very small, indistinct in the upper part; 
 perichajtial leaves longer and mucronate : capsule elliptical, 
 irregularly wrinkled when dry ; lid long-rostrate from a narrow 
 red orifice ; teeth divided into irregular and unequal segments, 
 connate or free, papillose; annulus none. — Regensb. Fl. xii. 
 395, t. 4; Bryol. Eur. t. 173. 
 
 Had. On the ground, Guadalupe Island, Lower California (Palmer); 
 common in Europe, rare in America. 
 
 4. T. flavo-virens, Bruch. Plants loosely cespitose, spar- 
 ingly branching, 1 or 2 cm. long, yellowish green above, pale or 
 
 ji 
 
 
 : i 
 
 
 U 
 
 Hi 
 
wmm 
 
 no 
 
 BUY ACE. K. 
 
 [Trirhniitnmum. 
 
 II < 
 
 h 
 
 fernipnouH in the lower part : lower K-avcH Hinnll, distant, ori'ot, 
 the uppfr tuftc*!, opfii, obloti;,' and wliitisli at base, lini'ar- 
 lanccolatc, uiKlulatc, ooncaw' or Hiihcarinatc ubuvts inucronatc 
 by tlio tliick I'xcurrt'nt costu, fntirc; )K'riclia'tial loaves Niinilar: 
 cn|)Hii](> ohlon^, cylindrical, erect, yellowish, with a red orifice, 
 slightly Niilcate when <lry, of thin texture ; jtedicel coinparativt ly 
 lonuf, Htraijjfht or flexnouH, yellowish ; lid conical-rostrate, 
 Bliufhtly inclined ; tei'th lonjx, slender, filiform, nearly ecpial, 
 scarcely articulate, purple; liasilar inenihraiu^ narrow. — 
 Regensl). Fl. xii. 404, t. 7; IJryol. Kur. t. 172. 
 
 Var. crassinerve. Plants shorter: leaves narrower; 
 oosta thick, vanishinij; helow or at the apex : teeth of the peri- 
 stome whitish. — 7'. cniHHinertu^ Ilampe, Liniuea, xxx. 4r><». 
 
 Hah. Florida, on the ground (I). 11. Smith, fidi-hcr, J. Dmnull 
 Smith); the variety near San Rafael, and In the mountains of California 
 {lil{/elow, lUtHvr, liolaiuler). 
 
 6. T. flexipes, Hruch & Schimp. Stems short, 4 to m.m. 
 long, branching by iimovations: leaves linear, acuminate, undu- 
 late on the borders, serrate upward ; eosta white, shining, j»er- 
 current : capsule narrowly oblong-ovate, chestnut-color, on a 
 flexuous or curved pedicel ; lid conical-rostrate ; teeth straight, 
 equal, regularly bifid ; annulus large, revoluble. — Bryol. Eur. 
 1. 171. 
 
 IlAB. On the ground, California {Blgeloio, liolamler); common. 
 
 6. T. anomalum, Schimp. Plants loosely cespitose, 1 to 
 4 cm. long: leaves linear-lanceolate to the point, serrate 
 above, more or less distinctly papillose on the inner surface: 
 male flowers in separate or aggregated buds: capsule oblong, 
 cylindrical or rarely slightly curved, erect on a long flexuous 
 reddish pedicel ; teeth long, equal, erect, strict, dark rod ; 
 annulus large, easily detached. — Bryol. Eur. Coroll. 28. Mar- 
 bula an^mala, Bruch & Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 1C9. 
 
 Hab. California {Coulter, B. W. Jamea)\ Florida {Garbcr). 
 
 43. DESMATODON. Brid. (PI. 2.) 
 
 Plants sparingly branching, radieulose at base or tomentose 
 their whole length. Leaves ovate or obovate, oblong, blunt, 
 apiculate or gradually acuminate, costate ; areolation close, 
 opaque, papillose and chlorophyllosc in the upper part, loose 
 
JJeHtniilodnn,] 
 
 UUYACE.E. 
 
 Ill 
 
 nn<l hyiil'mc toward tlio base. Iiirtorcsccncc moiuvcious or 
 
 <li(i'('iouH ; mall' tiowc.-M tfriiiiiial or axillary, tlu' fi'rtilf j^niuni- 
 
 form ; pcriclia'tia! IcavcH Nimilar t<» tlu> u|>|)(>r Htcm-lcavcM. 
 
 Calyjttra Ioiilj, cucullato. ('apsulc t-rt'ct, arcuate «)r ccrmioiis 
 
 aii<l ]ic'ii(l('iit, oval-ohloni; or Hiilicyliixlrical, distinctly annulate. 
 
 IVristonu! of 10 Nulttilatc l»iHd tcctli; Hi'i^mcntM rouml-tctra^onal, 
 
 filifornj, free or irrci^iilarly and transvcrncly connate, j^ranulosc, 
 
 erect when inolnt, incurve<l when dry, rarely sliujhtly twistid to 
 
 the left. Culumclla projecting beyond the mouth uf thu ri]>u 
 
 capsule. 
 
 AllU'd in liabit, mode of growth, ami toxture of tlm Ioav»'s to P'jttia / in 
 tho characttT of tiie poristoiiie to Tru'hotttomniu and llarhnUu 
 
 iit Capsule erect. 
 
 1. D. latifolius, Brld. Mona'clous: stonis 1 or 2 cm. 
 lonj^ : leaves open, erect, inctirved or Hiightly twisted when 
 dry, oval-obloni;, acuminate or aristate l>y the excurrent costa, 
 concave or carin.ate, with borders revolute : caly|»tra coverini:^ 
 the capsule to its base : capsule oblontr, cylindrical ; lid short- 
 beaked, oblique ; annulus simple. — Dryol. Univ. I. 5i*4 ; Bryol. 
 Eur. t. 180. I)icr<imim latifollum, Iledw. Muse. Fron<l. i. 89, 
 t. 33. IVichostoiuum latifolium^ Schwaegr. Sui)pl. i. 145; 
 Lindb. Trichost. 224. 
 
 Var. glacialis, Schlmp. Stem longer, slender : costa 
 vanishing below the apex. — Syn. 157. 
 
 II AH. California (1U)lu\vl('r)\ Rocky Mountains, with tho var. {Dntm- 
 moivl, E. Hull, Downic); Nevada Mountains ( H'f»</<o»j); Cascade Moun- 
 tains (LyaU)\ San .Juan Range, Colorado {Urandcycc). 
 
 2. D. Systilius, Bruch & Schimp. JMoncecious : leaves 
 large, ovate-oblong, soft, flat on the bord' rs, minutely crenu- 
 late ; costa excurrent into a long hair : capsule narrower, 
 cylindrical, soft ; lid attached to the columella and falling with 
 it ; teeth smaller, less regular, partly transversely coherent to 
 each other, pale. — Bryol. Eur. t. 131. Trichostomum 
 Systilium^ Muell. Syn. i. 589. 
 
 Hau. Mount Dana, California {Bolander)\ Rocky Mountains (Brum- 
 mond)x Colorado (Dotcnte). 
 
 3. D. arenaceus, Sulliv. & Lesq. Pseudo-di(Eciou.s : 
 plants short, widely cespitose : lower leaves short, erect, ovate- 
 
 I'A 
 
 
 1,. 
 
 Ml 
 
 % 
 
 rA 
 
Wf^rw 
 
 112 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Desmatodon. 
 
 oblong, the upper longer and tufted, lingulate-oblong, obtuse 
 and short-apiculute at the apex, crenulute on the margin, 
 j)apillo8e and revolute in the upper part ; costa thick, vanishing 
 below or at the apex : male flowers terminal, sometimes in 
 detOL'hed plants or buds scattered in the compact tufts: calyp- 
 tra short, long-beaked : capsule long, narrow, cylindrical, erect 
 or slightly curved, broadly annulate; lid conical-obtuse; teeth 
 whitish, punctulate, distantly articulate, coherent Jiearly to the 
 middle, free above and 8i)lit into irregular segments. — Muse. 
 Bor.-Anter. Exsicc. n. 93; SuUiv. Mosses of U. States, 28; 
 Icon. Muse. 45, t. 29. Desmatodon Ohioensis, Schimj). Syn. 159. 
 Had. Sandstone rocks, Central Ohio, etc.; common. 
 
 4. D. Garberi. With the aspect and mode of growth of 
 Z>. arenaceus, it differs in the dicccious inflorescence, the leaves 
 narrower, cblong or Ungulate, lanceolate or obtuse to the apicu- 
 late apex, witli borders inflexod above and not crenulate on the 
 margin, the costa ])ercurrent, prolonged downward and decur- 
 rent below the base of the leaves, the cells of the areolation not 
 half as large, opaque .and scarcely papillose on the back, the 
 capsule oblong-oval, broader in the middle, narrowed to the 
 pedicel and upward to the conical longer-beaked lid, the teeth 
 cut into two unequal segments free to the base, attached to a 
 sliort membrane, the annulus simple. 
 
 Had. Florida (Garber). 
 
 5. D. PorterJ, James. Dioecious: also closely related to 
 J), arenaceus, but differing in the stems much shorter (1 to 3 
 m.m. long), tawny green, the leaves oblong, tapering to the 
 acute apex, bordered in the upper part by a pellucid margin not 
 reflexed, the areolation very small and opaque, the dioecious in- 
 florescence, the capsule shorter, oblong, straight, the teeth 
 separated nearly to the base and split into nearly equal seg- 
 ments. — Aust. Muse. Appal, n. 123 ; SuUiv. Icon. Muse. Suppl. 
 36, t. 23. 
 
 Hab. On rocks at Easton, Pennsylvania {T. C. Porter); Niagara 
 Falls (G. W. Clinton). 
 
 6. D. plinthobius, Sulliv. & Lesq. Dioecious : plants 
 short, in pale green tufts : lower leaves ovate-oblong, with a 
 short hair-noint, the upner lingulate-oblong, carinate-concave 
 with the borders revolute all around ; areolation minute, quad- 
 rate and very chiurophylloje, and papillose in the upper part ; 
 
Deamatodon.] 
 
 BRYACEiE. 
 
 113 
 
 f 
 
 costa stout, excurrent into a long whitish smooth flcxuous liair ? 
 male flowers geinmaceous, terminal : caj>sule eylindrical-oblong, 
 erect or slightly curve«l ; lid short-rostrate, obtuse, inclined ; 
 jieristome short, with fragile whitish granulose teeth, split to 
 the middle ; annulus very large. — Muse. Bor.-Am. Exsicc. 
 n. 94 ; SuUiv. Mosses of U. States, 28, t. "2, and Icon. Muse. 47, 
 t. 30. 
 
 IIab. Brick walls and pavements, Charleston, S. Carolina {liavcnd); 
 Nashville, Tennessee (Lesqucreitx)', limestone rocks, Pennsylvania (Por- 
 ter) ; Texas {Lindlieiiner); Savannah, Georgia (J. Donnell Siiutli). 
 
 Belated to IJ. littifollus, Bruch & Schimp., differing in the di(i.'cious In- 
 llorescence, the longer hair-point, the longer and narrower capsule, the 
 longer rostrate operculum and short calyptra, the large compound annulus, 
 and the short peristome with teeth divided only to the midcfe. 
 
 7. D. Neo-Mexicanus, SuUiv. & Lesq. ^ronoecious : 
 densely cespitose, pale green : much like the last species, from 
 which it differs in the inflorescence and in the shorter whitish 
 teeth, which are scarcely split or nearly entire. — Muse. Bor.- 
 Amer. Exsicc. n. 95. 
 
 Hab. Texas ( Wright). 
 
 8. D. nervosus, Bruch & Schimp. Monoecious: plants 
 short, 1 cm. long, subcespitose or pulvinate ; tufts dirty green : 
 leaves crowded, twisted when dry, oblong or 8ubs])atulate, 
 acuminate, concave, reflexed on the Ijorders ; areolation more 
 or less pajjillose, dense in the upper part, loose and rectangular 
 in the lower ; costa vanishing below the apex or passing up 
 into a short j)oint : male flowere gemmiform, at the base of the 
 fertile innovations : calyptra covering the caj)sule to near the 
 base : capsule elliptical ; lid short, obliquely beaked ; teeth 
 attached to a somewhat large membrane, very variable, short, 
 the segments unequal, often cohering, very papillose, ferru- 
 ginous, erect, open when dry, oblique when moist ; annulus 
 simple. — Bryol. Eur. t. 132. IVichostonmni convohitum^ 
 Brid. ; Muell. Syn. i. 590. Grimmia citrovirens^ Smith, Engl. 
 Bot. t. 2015. Harbula atrovirens^ Schimp. Syn. (ed. 2) 194. 
 Tortula atrovirens, Lindb. 
 
 Var. edentulus, Bruch & Schimp. Plants smaller: lid 
 erect, conical : peristome rudimentary. — Sulliv. & Lesq. Muse. 
 Bor.-Am. Exsicc. (ed. 2), n. 121. 
 
 IIab. On clay and adobe walls, California {Bolandev), very common; 
 Guadalupe Island, Lower California (Palmer). 
 
 i'i 
 
 i. 
 
 ■M 
 
r 
 
 f ijifiip 
 
 ! i 
 
 i ; 
 
 
 
 t' 
 
 
 ; l'' 
 
 i 
 
 f 
 
 
 1 
 
 114 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 [Desinutodon. 
 
 9. D. obtusifolius, Schimp. MoncDcious : plants 1 cm. 
 long, subeespitose : leaves crowded, soft, erect, 8j)reuding from 
 the middle. Ungulate-lanceolate, acuminate or obtuse, very 
 entire, hyaline up to three-fourths of their length, densely 
 chlorophyllose above, minutely ])aj)illose on the back, the lower 
 smaller, obtuse or blunt-pointed, yellowish hyaline nearly the 
 whole length : male flowers gemmaceous : calyptra tawny : lid 
 short-beaked ; teeth free, slightly twisted to the left ; annulus 
 large, compound, revoluble. — Syn. 158. Tortula ohtusifoUa^ 
 Schleich. ; Lindb. Trichost. 236. liarbula obtusifolia^ Schwaegr. 
 Supj)l. i. 129, t. 31. Desmatodon Jiavicans, Bruch & Schimp. 
 Bryol. Eur. t. 133. 
 
 Hau. Rocky Mountains {Drummond)\ on the ground, California 
 (Bolander)', Echo Cafion, Wasatch Mountains (IVatson); Janesville, 
 Wisconsin {Lapham). 
 
 Very variable in the size of the plants and of the leares, which are also 
 more or less obtuse or even distinctly acuminate. 
 
 10. D. Guepini, Bruch & Schimp. Inflorescence and mode 
 of growth as in the preceding: lower leaves ovate-lanceolate, 
 the upper oval-oblong, awned by the excurrent costa, with the 
 borders recurved, distinctly papillose on the back : capsule 
 oblong, subcylindrical ; lid large, conical, short-beaked ; teeth 
 free to the base, very papillose, reddish, erect when dry, half- 
 convolute when moist ; annulus narrow, simple. — Bryol. Eur. 
 t. 133. Barhula Guepini^ Schimp. Syn. (ed. 2), 197. Trichos- 
 tomum Guepini^ Muell. Syn. i. 590. 
 
 Hab. With the last, California (Bolander). 
 
 * ♦ Capsule curved or pendent. 
 
 11. 'D. cernuus, Bruch & Schimp. Plants short, loosely 
 cespitose : leaves closely imbricate, the lower small-ovate, the 
 upper spatulate-lanceolate, obscurely serrate or crenulate above, 
 papillose, mucronate by the excurrent costa : capsule cernuous, 
 broadly ovate, solid, brown, on a long reddish pedicel ; lid 
 short-rostellate ; teeth cut into two or three filiform segments, 
 either free or partly coherent ; annulus compound, persistent. — 
 Bryol. Eur. t. 134. Didymodon latifolius, Wahl. Fl. Lap. 313, 
 t. 20. Trichostoinum cernuum, Lindb. Trichost. 225. 
 
 Hab. Rocky Mountains of British America, in fissures of wet rocks 
 (Drummond); Ruby Valley, Nevada ( Watson); Edmonton River, Canada, 
 etc. (Macoun). The species has not been found, however, in Colorado 
 nor in California. 
 
Barbula.] 
 
 BRYACEiE. 
 
 115 
 
 12. D. obliquus, Brucli 4S5 Schimp. Stems short : leaves 
 ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, awnetl or cuspidate by the ex- 
 current costa, revoluble on the borders, closely pa|)illose and 
 chlorophyllose in the upper part, the double papilhc distinctly 
 prominent on the borders: capsule cylindrical, obli([ue : teeth 
 reddish and bifid to near the base, twisting to the left ; annulus 
 simple. — Bryol. Eur. t. 18(3. Tortula suherecta. Hook. &, 
 Wils. in Drumm. Muse. Amer. n. 145. Trichoatomum obli- 
 qitum^ Muell. Syn. i. 594. 
 
 IIab. Shady alpine localities; Rocky Mountains {Dnnnmond). 
 
 13. D. Laureri, Bruch & Sciiimp. Plants soft, in small 
 compact green tufts intermixed with ra<licles, yellowish 
 below : leaves close, imb* icate, spreading, soft, ovate-oblong, 
 the upper longer, apiculate, bordered by a narrow yellowish 
 loosely areolate revolute margin, reddish at base, hyaline up- 
 ward to the middle, paj)illose on both faces : capsule jtendent 
 from the arcuate pedicel, oblong ; lid small, with a short blunt 
 beak ; teeth purj)le, slightly twisted, attached to a broad dark 
 red membrane ; annulus double, each series detaching sepa- 
 rately. — Bryol. Eur. t. 185. 7Vichostonm?n Laureri^ Schultz, 
 Regensb. Flora, x. 161. Tortula Laureri^ Lindb. Trichost. 248. 
 
 Had. Snow Range of the Rocky Mountains, upon the ground (DrM»n- 
 montl); Colorado {Downie, Eothrock, Wolf). 
 
 44. BARBULA, Kedwig. (PI. 1.) 
 Mode of growth, habit, and form and reticulation of the leave 
 as in Tnchostomum. Peristome of 16 teeth, divided into 32 
 long filiform segments, twisted to the left, attached to a more or 
 less elonsrated tubuliform tessellate membrane. 
 
 § 1. Aloidell^e. — Plants very small, (fref/arious, annual: 
 leaves rigid, incurved above; costa thickened and dilated 
 toicard the apex, and covered with articulate ^filaments : 
 basilar membrane of the peristome short. 
 
 1. B. brevirOStris, Bruch & Schimp. Bisexual : plants 
 very small, gemmiform : lower leaves round-ovate, the upper 
 broadly oblong, obtuse: teeth making a single turn; annulus 
 broad, revoluble. — Bryol. Eur. t. 138. Tortula brevirostris. 
 Hook. & Grev. ; Lindb. Trichost. 233. 
 
 Hab. Rocky Mountains (Brummond)', British Columbia (Macoun). 
 
 ii! 
 
 m 
 
 ■..Kj 
 
 f 
 
 m 
 
 I 
 
WY^^ww 
 
 116 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Barbula. 
 
 , 
 
 iiill 
 
 2. B. rigida, Schultz. Dioecious : leaves spreading from an 
 erect base, oblong, obtuse or apiculate, rarely hair-i)ointed : 
 calyptra long- rostrate, reaching the middle of the ca])8ule : cap- 
 sule ellijitical-oblong ; lid long-beaked ; teeth 
 
 long. 
 
 twice 
 
 twisted ; annulus broa<l, revoluble. — Recens. Barb. 196, t. 32 ; 
 Bryol. Eur. t. 137. Tortula atellata^ Lindb. Trichost. 283. 
 
 Vars. mucronulata, and pilifera, Schimp. Ui)per 
 leaves mucronnte, or hair-pointed. — Syn. 104. 
 
 Ham. Rocky Mountains, Colorado (E. Uall). Var. mucronulata on 
 Guadalupe Island, Lower California {Palmer). 
 
 3. B. ambigua, Bruch & Schimp. Dioecious : jdants 
 somewhat longer : leaves expanded star-like froni an ovate 
 base, linear-lanceolate, blunt at the aj)ex, reddish on the back : 
 calyi)tra shorter, scarcely reaching the base of the short-beaked 
 lid : capsule cylindrical-oblong, furrowed when dry ; teeth 
 longer, twisted once or a little more, incurved when dry. — 
 Bryol. Eur. t. 139. li. rigida^ Iledw. Muse. Frond, i. 65, t. 25, 
 excl. peristome. Tortula ambigua^ Angstr. ; Lindb. Trichost. 
 235. 
 
 Had. On tlie ground, near Athens, Illinois (E. Uall). 
 
 § 2. CiiLOROxoT.E. — Plants jyerennial, cespitose : leaves broad 
 and thin, not incurved on the borders; costa round, Jila- 
 mentose above : teeth of the peristome closely twisted ; 
 basilar membrane short, tubulose. 
 
 4. B. membranifolia, Schultz. Monoecious : the plants 
 longer, in thick small tufts, hirsute with white hairs upon the 
 leaves, interwoven with radicles : leaves open-erect, broadly 
 ovate and oblong, lanceolate, very concave, the areolation irre- 
 gularly rhomboidal at the denticulate apex ; costa excurrent 
 into a long white hair : male flowers near the base of the peri- 
 cha'tium, monoiihyllous or diphyllous : calyptra reaching to the 
 middle of the ovate-elliptical erect or slightly curved capsule ; 
 lid narrow, short-beaked ; teeth thrice twisted ; annulus simple. 
 — Recens. Barb. 226, t. 34 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 140. Tortula mem- 
 hranifolia. Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 26. Tortula squamigera, 
 DeNot. ; Lindb. Trichost. 235. 
 
 Hah, Western Arizona, near the mouth of Santa Maria Creek {Bige- 
 loio); Rocky Mountains {E. Hall). 
 
 5. B. chloronotOS, Bruch. Dioecious: plants short, 
 closely cespitose: leaves close, imbricate when .dry, spreading 
 
Sarbula.] 
 
 BUYACE/E. 
 
 117 
 
 M'hen moist, ovatc-oblonc^, obtuse or sHufhtly acute, concave, 
 with a round yellowish costa excurrent into a smooth more or 
 less enlarged liair; meshes of tLo areolation minutely (puulrate 
 to near the base, there becoming loose and rectangular : male 
 f.lants smaller: capsule elliptic-oval, narrow, slight'y curved, 
 smaller; teeth reddish, twice twisted; annulus compoun<l. — 
 3Iuell. Muse. Sard. 1829 ; Hryol. Eur. t. 141. 'Jhrtula crassi. 
 nervi'Sy DeXot. ; Lindb. Trichost. 23G. 
 
 IlAu. Dry ravines on Williams Fork of the Colorado, with li. mem- 
 bran\foU'i (liujclow). 
 
 § 3. CuNEiFOLi.E. Plants short: leni^es soft^ more or less 
 jKipillosey ovate or spatnlate-oblonff, with a round naked 
 costa: teeth of the peristome long^ closely many times 
 tmsted. 
 
 6. B. CUneifolia, Brid. Monoecious: plants ^ to 1 cm. 
 long, soft, simple, subcespitose : lower leaves distant, broadly 
 ovate, short-acuminate, the up])er crowded and rosulate, oblong- 
 obovate or spatulate, abruptly acuminate or apiculate ; costa 
 vanishing below the apex, sometimes prolonged into a mucro, 
 rarely into a short hair-point ; areolation loose : male flowers 
 1-3-leaved : calyptra large, descending to below the middle of 
 tlie capsule : pedicel reddish : capsule elliptic-oblong, scarcely 
 incurved ; teeth attached to a somcAvhat long tubular mem- 
 brane; annulus simi>Ie, falling off in fragments. — Bryol. Univ.. 
 i. 549; Bryol. Eur. t. 156. Brynm cnneifolium^ IJicks. Plant, 
 Crypt, iii. 7. Tortida cuneijblia, Koth ; Lindb. Trichost. 
 237. 
 
 IIab. Clay soil, near Oakland, California {liolander). 
 
 7. B. Vahliana, Schultz. Monoecious : plants ^ to 1 cm. 
 long, gregarious or subcespitose : leaves soft, the lower oblong, 
 the upper oblong or Ungulate, undulate on the borders, mar- 
 gined by a row of yellowish cells, distinctly crenulate, flat or 
 reflexed, mucronate or subulate by the excurrent costa : male 
 flowers terminal on short slender branches : capsule long, cylin- 
 drical, narrow, slightly curved ; lid short-subulate ; teeth long, 
 attached to a quadrately tessellate basilar membrane, closely 
 convolute ; annulus broad, compound. — Recens. Barb. 222, 
 t. 34; Bryol. Eur. t. 157. Tortida Vahliana, Wils. ; Lindb. 
 Trichost. 237. 
 
 Hab. Clay soil ; Cajon Pass {Bigelovo), and Monte Diablo ( liolander). 
 
 I' 
 
IW 
 
 118 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [liarbula. 
 
 h \ 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 '1 
 
 1 : ' 
 
 8. B. marginata, Bruch & Schimp. Mona?cioii8 : habit 
 nnd mode of growth as in B. Jiolamleri ; leaves soft, oblong, 
 Ungulate or subspatnlate, obtuse or slightly acuminate, mucro- 
 nate or cuspidate, carinate-concave, bordered by a double layer 
 of two or three rows of rectangular thick yellowish cells; costa 
 yellow, passing beyond the aj)ex ; areolation minutely quadrate- 
 hexagonal, chlorophyllose and papillose in the uj)per part, loose 
 and smooth in the lower: male flowers axillary: capsule oblong- 
 cylindrical, light brown ; lid narrowly conical, blunt, slightly 
 curved; teeth twisted once; annulus broad, simple. — Bryoh 
 Eur. 1. 158. Tortilla ccmpitosa^ Hook. 4& Grev. l.\ marginata^ 
 Spruce ; Lindb. Trichost. 238. 
 
 Hab. California (UUjelow); walls of houses in Virginia and Wash- 
 ington {James). 
 
 9. B. Bolanderi, Lesq. Dioecious: plants 5 m.m. long, 
 gregarious, dirty straw-color, simple or fasciculately branched at 
 the apex : lower leaves short, open, the upper rosulate, spread- 
 ing or reilexed. Ungulate or oblong, obtuse, apiculate by the 
 thick brown exctirrent costa; borders flat, or reflexed in the 
 middle of the leaves : male plants slender, intermixed with the 
 fertile ones: capsule narrowly ovate, erect or inclined, dark 
 red; lid conical - rostrate, blunt, straight or inclined; teeth 
 gi'anulose, on a short basilar yellowish membrane, twisting 
 once; annulus narrow, simple, persistent. — Trans. Am. Phil. 
 Soc. xiii. 5 ; Sulliv. & Lesq. Muse. Bor.-Am. Exsicc. ^ed. 2), 
 n. 139. 
 
 Had. Roclcs near the Bay of San Francisco, California (Bolander), 
 abundant. 
 
 Related to B. Vahliana and B. marginata, but diifering from the first in 
 its shorter rosulate simple stems, from tlie second in tlie emarginate leaves 
 and simple annulus, from both in the broader Ungulate merely mucronate 
 leaves, the darlc red capsule, the short basilar membrane of the peristome, 
 and the dia'cious inflorescence. 
 
 10. B. amplexa, Lesq. 1. c. Dioecious : plants gregarious, 
 very short, dirty gree.i: leaves hard but fragile, loosely imbri- 
 cate. Ungulate, obtuse or short-acuminate, concave, with borders 
 revolute in the middle or plane all around ; costa thick, vanish- 
 ing below the apex ; upper areolation chlorophyllose, opaque ; 
 inner perichaetial leaves two, closely clasping the vaginule, erect, 
 abruptly recurved at the apex, sometimes truncate, apiculate : 
 capsule short, narrow, pale green when young, yellowish when 
 
Barbnla] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 119 
 
 old, cylinrlrioal, erect ; pedicel lonsf, slender, yellow; lid straight, 
 reddish : the inflorescence, j)erist<)me, and annulus as in the 
 last species. — 8uHiv. & Lescj. Muse. Hor.-Ani. Exsicc. (ed. 2) 
 n. 140. 
 
 Had. On stones, in springs near San Francisco, California (/io/aHt/er) ; 
 FortCoIville {W'utHon). 
 
 11. B. brevipes, Lesq. Dia'cious: crregarious or subces- 
 pitose ; stems very short, simple: leaves rosiilate, lingulate or 
 oblong, cuneiform, obtuse, revolute on the borders, carinate, 
 concave in the uj>per ])art ; costa excurrent into a short hair- 
 like smooth point : male j)lants slender ; flowers terminal: ca|)- 
 sule long, cylindrical, slender, subincurved ; lid long-conical, 
 obtuse; peristome syntrichial ; basilar mend)rane long, quad- 
 rately tessellate ; teeth long, closely twisted, blood-red ; annulus 
 large, compound. — Mem. Calif. Acad. i. 12. 
 
 Hau. Mud walls, Mission Dolores, in mats an incli in diameter or 
 more, .and on tlie Russian River divide, California (liolunder); VW'stern 
 Nevada ( WatHon). 
 
 Related in tlie mode of growth and characters of the leaves to the three 
 preceding species, but differing in the long tubular membrane of the 
 peristome, wliicli is like that of li. canesccHs, a stouter species which has 
 the areolation of tlie leaves smaller and close, and a monoecious inflor- 
 escence. 
 
 12. B. muralis, Timm. Monojcious : pulvinate or cespi- 
 tose tufts whitish green ; stems J to 2 cm. long : lower leaves 
 oblong-lanceolate, the npj^er long-lingulate, unequal sided at 
 the very papillose apex, closely revolute, thus appearing mar- 
 ginate ; costa broad, passing beyond the apex into a more or 
 less elongated hair-point ; areolation small, indistinct in the 
 upper part, loosely rectangular and hyaline in the lower : male 
 flowers gemmiform in separate branchlets : capsule ovate-oblong 
 or subcylindrical, regular, brown ; lid long-beaked, slightly 
 curved ; teeth attached to a very narrow membrane, closely 
 twisted ; annulus compound. — Fl. Megap. 220 ; Bryol. Eur. 
 t. 159. Hryum miirale, Linn. Spec. PI. 1117. Tortula 
 muralis^ Iledw. Fund. Muse. ii. 92 ; Lindb. Trichost. 239. 
 
 Hab. On rocks, Pennsylvania (T. C. Porter)', California {Bolander); 
 Charleston, S. C. {J. Donnell Smith); Norfolk, Virginia (James); on stone 
 walls, Lodi, New Jersey (Austin). 
 
 Very variable in the size of the plants and of the capsule, and in the 
 shape of the leaves, which are lanceolate or obtu°e or even obcordate at ■ 
 the apex, with the hair-like point varying in length. 
 
 I !^ 
 
 I i.('i 
 
fWir'" 
 
 120 
 
 Bli/ACE^. 
 
 [Darbula. 
 
 «il 
 
 § 4. XJsGVicvhXTJE. Plants longer^ cespitoae: leaves linear- 
 lanceolate; areolation close^ minute^ vhloroplnjllose ahove^ 
 hyaline or yeilowiah at base ; costa naked, not jtrolonf/ed 
 into a hair-point; perichoitium sheathing: flowers dite- 
 cious : teeth of the peristome long^ closely ttcistedj attached 
 to a very short membrane. 
 
 13. B. unguiculata, Iledw. In soft bright or dirty green 
 tufts : leaves narrowly ovate and oblong, linear-lanceolate, 
 generally blunt at the apex or mucronate by the excurrent 
 costa, plane, concave and revolute on the borders from the 
 middle downward, carinate and flat on the borders in the upper 
 part, where the green areolation is closely pai)illose and in<li8- 
 tinct ; perichietial leaves hyaline to near the aj>ex : calyj)tra 
 narrow, long-beaked, reaching a little below the conical long- 
 rostrate straight or curved lid : capsule oblong-elliptical or sub- 
 cylindncal, regular or .subincurved ; teeth purj)le, twisted two 
 or three times ; annulus none. — Frond. Muse. ii. 92, and Muse. 
 Frond, i. 59, t. 23 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 142, 143. Jiryum nngidcu- 
 latum, Dill. Tortula tingiticulata, Roth ; Lindb. Trichost. 241. 
 
 Had. On damp black suil, along fences, on rocks, stones, etc. ; very 
 eomnion and variable. 
 
 A number of forms are described by authors, as Vars. cuspidata, apicu- 
 lata, microcnrpa, obtusifolia, faatiyiata, etc., whose characters are indi- 
 cated by their names. Most of these, if not all, are found in N. America; 
 the last only is alpine. 
 
 14. B. Jooriana, Muell. Loosely cespitose, small, bright 
 green, easily moistened and soft ; stems 8imj>le or with a short 
 terminal innovation : leaves slightly crispate, erect, open when 
 moistened, linear-lanceolate from a half-clasping narrowly oblong 
 more pellucid base, obtuse, acute or short-mucronate, slightly 
 revolute toward the base ; costa yellow, scabrous on the back, 
 excurrent ; cells of the areolation rectangular and large toward 
 the base, minutely hexagonal, very chlorophyllose, distinct and 
 scarcely papillose toward the apex ; perichaetial leaves erect, 
 long-sheathing, oblong, acuminate, not mucronate : capsule 
 erect, small, oblong, on a short reddish pedicel ; teeth very 
 slender, hair-like, split to near the base, reddish. — Bull. Torr. 
 Club. V. 49, and Kegensb. Flora, Iviii. 77. 
 
 Hab. Clayey ground, near Baton Rouge (Dr. t/bor). Specimens doubt- 
 fully referred to this species by Austin are ticketed as from Port Royal, 
 S. C. {Austin). 
 
Barbnla.] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 121 
 
 The author romnrks that it is somewhat like It. tinrfufculata. Indootl, 
 from tliR cliaraotors al)ov(! Riven, the diffurenoe is unimportant. Jt, line- 
 emllt, Aust. (('oult. Hot. Gaz. ii. 80)« doscrilicd from sterile specimens, 
 appears referalile to tliis species. Tlie short stems, the leaves crispate 
 wlicn Iry, ovate and lanceolate-oblong and subcarinate, somewhat obtuse, 
 minutely apiculate, with borders narrowly recurved at base, the costa 
 minutely papillose on the back, etc , are characters that are indicated in 
 B, Joorlana. 
 
 15. B. fallaz, Ilodw. Plants loosely nnd widely ccspitoso, 
 dusky green, reddish brown when dry ; steins radieuloso at the 
 base of the innovations : leaves s(iuarrose or reeurved-s|)readin<;, 
 twisted when dry, laneeolate or linear-lanoeolate from a more 
 enlarged base, eonnate, revoluble on the borders ; cells of the 
 areolation minute, shortly pa|)illose, yellowish, diaphanous, 
 equal to the base ; perieluetial leaves half-sheathing, the inner 
 bright green, the outer brownish green or ferruginous : calyptra 
 descending lower than in H. imguiculata : capsule ovate- 
 oblong, gradually narrowed to the orifice, slightly incurved, 
 brown ; lid purple, subulate, nearly as long as the ca[)sule ; 
 teeth very long and many times closely twisted ; animlus none. 
 — Muse. Frond, i. 62, t. 24; Bryol. Eur. t. 147. Tortula 
 imherhiSy Smiih ; Lindb. Trichost. 250. 
 
 HAn. Roeky Mountains (Drummond)\ Fort Edward, New York, and 
 Monroe Co., Pennsylvania (Ja;«e.s); College Hill, Easton {T. C. Porter); 
 Ontario, Canada {Mrs. Roy). 
 
 Of the numerous varieties, the more marked are Var. hrevicaulia, Bruch 
 & Schimp., with simple and shorter stem, and shorter capsule, lid, and 
 peristome; and Var. brevifolia, Schultz, densely cespltose, with ovate- 
 lanceolate leaves. 
 
 16. B. Subfallax, Mucll. Much resembling the last, but 
 differing in its pale green color, the leaves not plicate at base, 
 the cells of the areolation minutely i>apillose, round-quadrate, 
 soft, more distinctly rectangular and pellucid at the base, the 
 perichajtial leaves longer and larger, spreading, revolute on the 
 borders like the stem-leaves, slightly sheatliing at base, the 
 cells of the areolation longer and narrower, the capsule on a 
 short purple flexuous pedicel, and the annulus simple, per- 
 sistent. — Bot. Zeit. XX. 338. Ji. fallax, SuUiv. Pacif. Ii. Rep. 
 iv. 186. 
 
 Hab. Cajon Pass, Sierra Nevada {Bigelow); near San Francisco 
 {Bolander); San Jose Valley (Bauer). 
 
 Except the presence of a simple scarcely distinct annulus, the specific 
 characters are unimportant. 
 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 (■<» 
 •.*■ 
 
 :) I 
 
 I 
 
Iff 
 
 1^2 
 
 DRYACE.E. 
 
 [Barhuta, 
 
 m^^ 
 
 mi 
 
 h I 
 
 il t''^ 
 
 ill 
 
 17. B. recurvifolia, Schim)). Tufts rcdd'iHh brown ; Htoma 
 wloiidcr: Iciivt's N|)r('a(lin<r or ciirvi'*! backward, loowly iinbri- 
 cntv and sli<;btly twiHtod whon dry, broader, nhortor and nioro 
 solid than those of /i./alla,i\ acutely carinate, [tapilloHe on both 
 faces; borders plane, erect above, reHcxed near the base; costa 
 brown to the apex ; areolation a« in Ji. /alliWy the basilar cells 
 only a little larj^er, <juadrate and rectanj^idar : calyptra very 
 narrow, long-subulate, covering a third of the capsule : capsule 
 erect, long, cylincb-ical, regular, reddish brown ; lid subulate, 
 i)eaked ; annulus none. — Coroll. 141, and Syn. 170; Aust. 
 Muse. Appal. Suppl. Ji. fallnir^ var. recurrifolui, Wils. Hryol. 
 IJrit. 124. Tortnla recur oif alia. Berk. ; Undb. Trichost. 250. 
 
 II AH. On rooks, Ilobokon, New Jersey; Nlajjara Fiilis (AuHtln)\ 
 region of the great lakes, Canada (Macoun)\ Colorado (II. A. Vnup). 
 
 18. B. Oruegeri, Sonder. Plants very loosely and widely 
 
 cespitose, reddish brown below, pale green above ; stems slender, 
 
 divided by a simple innovation at the apex : stem-leaves distant, 
 
 somewhat twisted, open, recurved when moist, and incurved at 
 
 the apex, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, short-mucronate, the borders 
 
 entire, revolute at base; nerve thick, subexcurrent, green ; cells 
 
 of the areolation minutely quadrate and green at base, very 
 
 nnnutc and very opaque, ])apillose in the upper part ; periclia)- 
 
 tial leaves larger, broader and more loosely areolate at base : 
 
 cai)sule erect, narrowly cylindrical, pale ; lid obliquely rostrate, 
 
 acute, red ; teeth long and very slender, closely twisted ; 
 
 annulus none. — Muell. Syn. i. 618. 
 
 IlAn. Borders of the Mississippi River, Louisiana (C. Mohr)\ Florida 
 (Garber)\ sterile. 
 
 19. B. cancellata, Muell. Plants loosely cc pitose, short, 
 slender, simple, crispate, yellowish green : stem-leaves erect, 
 close, linear-lanceolate, obtuse and short-mucronate, concave, 
 deeply canaliculate with a thick reddish costa, rugose on tlie 
 back, narrowly reflexed toward the base ; cells of the areola- 
 tion small, regularly rectangular at base, smaller, quadrate, 
 dark green and pa]>illose above; pericluetial leaves narrowed 
 and lanceolate-acuminate from the sheathing base, with a looser 
 more elliptical areolation : pedicel red, flexuous : lid conical, 
 oblique, as long as the cylindrical capsule ; teeth cancellate 
 (fontinaloid), very slender and smooth, purple, split to near the 
 base. — Regensb. Flora, Ivi. 483 (1873). 
 
Hurhitlii.] 
 
 imVACKE. 
 
 128 
 
 ^ ; 
 
 Ham. Toxfts, Dulltis County (./. Unll). 
 
 Miicli liko lilt! liiHt, Itiit «litr«'riiiK ill tho long toeth of the conical thin 
 I'pristoiiit', ii])p<>uili<'iilikt(' llkt> tlioH*' of a FmitiiuiliH, 
 
 •JO. B. brachyphylla, Sulliv. IMantH loni;, di'iini'ly oi'spi- 
 toMc, taNtigiatt'ly-luMiichini;, ra»li»'ul«)Hu their whole ii'iiixth : 
 K'uvt'8 open, ovate, narrowed to the obtuse apex, thick, «lark 
 brown, the bonlerw recurved all aroinid ; cohta Htout, percurrent : 
 calyptra short: capsule cylindrical, erect; li<l hmg-rostrate ; 
 teeth twisted half-way anunid or scarcely so much, attached to 
 ft very narrow nienilirane. — Pacif. R. Kep. iv. IISO, t. 2; Sulllv. 
 & Lesij. Muse. Hor.-A'.j. F^xsicc. n. KM)". 
 
 IIah. Noar Heniciii, Culifoniiii (liiijdow). 
 
 -1. B. purpurea, Muell. Differs from the preceding 
 species in its small rii;i«l purple tufts, the short stems divided 
 above into a few short branches, naked below : stem-leaves few, 
 open, spreadinif when moist, purplish, oblong and broader in 
 the lower part, then oblitpiely lance(>late, blunt at the apex, tho 
 costa thick, j>urple, canaliculate, the cells of the nreolation 
 thick, small, reddish, (piadrate, in the upper i)art rounded, 
 smaller and more oblifpie : cai)sule small, ovate, with a broad 
 orifice when <leoperculate, the ealyi»tra loni;, embracincf its base. 
 — I{ei;ensb. Flora, Iviii. 78 (1875). Ji. ImicliifplujUa^ Sulliv. & 
 Lesq. Muse. IJor.-Am. Exsicc. (ed. 2), n. 185, in ])art, fide Muell. 
 
 Hab. On rocks near Oakland, California, mixed with It. virescena 
 {Bolaniirr). 
 
 22. B. rigidula, Schimp. Tufts brown or dirty ^eon ; 
 stem straight: leaves open or a little recurved, long-lanceolate, 
 carinate, with borders recurved in the n|)per part, revolute in 
 the lower, nearly smooth and very entire; basilar areolation 
 rectangular, narrow, the upper minutely (pia«b'ate, distinct ; 
 costa percnrrent ; pericha>tial leaves scarcely distinct from the 
 u])j)er stem-leaves : caly])tra long-beaked, often half-contorted : 
 capsule erect or slightly curved, nearly cylindrical, chestnut- 
 color, i)olished ; pedicel straight, reddish ; lid short-beaked, 
 oblique ; teeth attached to a short membrane with nodose seg- 
 ments, free or partly coherent, oblique or slightly twisted ; 
 annulus simple, narrow. — Syn. (ed. 2), 206. Trichostomiim 
 riffidnlum, Smith, Fl. Brit. iii. 1238; Bryol. Eur. t. 176. 
 Tortula rigidula^ Lindb. Trichost. 249. 
 
 Hab. Rocky Mountains (Drinnmond); Russian River, California 
 (Bolander); Vancouver Island (Lyall). 
 
 ■' ■ { 
 
 'A 
 ■■■'■': 
 i" 
 
 :;.Ji, 
 
 K>fJ 
 
 
 
Y^w^ 
 
 124 
 
 BltVACE.E. 
 
 [Ildrhitla. 
 
 23. B. vinealiS, nraun. Allin] tu Ji.fdllax: ]>lantN more 
 rohuHt, HliortiT, in kiiuiII rcMhlUli fiMTii^inotiM tiit'tN : Icmvcn 
 Hpreadiii^ or mihrt'cnrvi'd, eri'ct-iiU'urviMl, iiiihricati' when «Iry, 
 the iippcr flt'xiiouM at the acute ajicx, more nurrouly lanceolate 
 from the ovate haHc ; ct)Hta brown, Huhexcurrcnt ; cells of the 
 hasilar areolation broader, rectani;ular, chloropliyllose, the 
 upper minute, roun<l, inflated or very slii^htly papillose ; peri- 
 eliM'tial leaves lonj^er, half-sheathim;, more abruptly narn>\ve(l, 
 Aubulate : calyptra reach'ng the mi<Idle of the capsule, subulate- 
 beake<l : capsule narrowly elliptical-obhmi;, rei^ular or slifj^htly 
 incurved, reddisli-brown, on a stronij purplish pedicel ; lid nar- 
 rowly conical, obliijuely rostrate; teeth shorter, paler, twisted 
 once or once and a half around ; basilar* membrane short, 
 punctulato ; annuluH double, broader. — Hrid. IJryol. Tniv. 
 i. 830; liryol. Eur. t. 14H; Sulliv. & Lesq. 3[usc. Hor.-Am. 
 Exsice. (ed. 2), n. 130. Tortula rutealiSy Spruce ; Lindb. 
 Trichost. 240, and Hot. Notis. 1H(').% 77. 
 
 II AD. Moist or shadud rocks, California ( lllr/elow, Holander, Watnon ) ; 
 very common In California and extremuly variable. 
 
 24. B. flexifolia, Ilampe. Differs from 7?. viiieaHs in the 
 leaves crisped when dry, reflexed when moistened, the borders 
 revohite, the cai>8ule narrower subcylindrical, dark red or brown, 
 and the teetli much twisted. — LinnaDa, xxx. 45(5. 
 
 Had. On the ground in the Sierra Nevadp, California, at 3,500 feet 
 altitude (Jinucr); conunon In California (liolandcr). 
 
 From the examination of a large number of speolmens we find, contraiy 
 to Hampe's description, the oiiercuhun sometimes as long as or even 
 longer than In li. vinmlla. The author says that It Is only one-third of 
 the length of the capsule, and that the toeth of the peristome are reddish, 
 then white or very variable in color and he compares it to li. neiuUorta, 
 Sulliv., from which it is very dial a;)',. This and other species of the 
 B. vinealia group are most dlfHcult tj separate, and their number may be 
 either reduced or indefinitely increased. 
 
 25. B. virescens, Lesq. Differs from H. vinealis in its 
 longer stems, dark brown in the lower part, pale green above, 
 the leaves longer-lanceolate from the base, undulate, with bor- 
 ders revolute to the apex, the areolation twice as large and 
 composed of oval or round distinct cells, the perichaetial leaves 
 open, the lid shorter, the peristome less closely twisted, and the 
 annulus broader. — Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. xiii. 4. 
 
 Hab. On rocks among redwoods near Oakland, California (Bolander). 
 This species is intermediate between B. flexifolia^ Hampe, and B. semi' 
 
Ill 
 
 tiarfnitn.] 
 
 IJHYACE.E. 
 
 126 
 
 tinta, Siilllv. It dlfffDi from the last in tlio rcvoluto iKjnli'ni of tlia 
 loii^'tT IcavfA, tho iH;rlittoiue lo g«U' twlHtod, uiul utluclied tu a broader 
 Im^tllur iiiciiibraiti!. 
 
 -«». B. cylindrica, Sfliimp. Mm-li liki- li. ri/wdlia, <liffi'r- 
 in<; in tlm uunv nU'iultT Hcxuou.s wlfiiis, llic U>\\vv Whwh tlistaiitf 
 loiii^-lanct'olatt', tho upiK-r closo, laiu't'olutu at basi', narrowly 
 laiu't'olftto and subulato above, ri'curvnl wlii-n nioint, hcmik-- 
 wliat twiHti'tl when <lrv, «li'i'|>ly concave, vcrrutulowi', tho 
 horcU'rs recurved towiM-<l tho ha.se, tho ONta narrower, tho 
 perichiutial leaves HunUar, tho capsule Hiightly h)nger, cylnHla- 
 eal or suhelliptical, tho iK'ristonie twisted, and the annuhiH com- 
 posed of a triple row of colls. — S\ n. (e<l. li), '2(»H. Ji. vinealia^ 
 MW'.Jtiicciility liruchvfc Schinip. Hryol. Kur. Tortnla inatdnnay 
 DeNot. (?). ToHulii ciflindrica, I.in.lh. Hot. Xotis. IHOS, 70. 
 li. lieechei/i^ Iies(|. ; Watson, Hot. Calif, ii. 5J72. 
 
 IIaii. Kaino an the hist, and often mixed with it. 
 
 As Keliimper remarlcs, it is ditlieult to separate this species from the 
 loose forms of tlie preceding. Tlie cni)sule Is loiii;er attd has a longer 
 pedicel. This and the following, considered as varieties of 11. vinvulla^ 
 were mixed and distributed in Kulliv. & Los(i. X'liso. Hor.-Am. Kxsicc. 
 (ed. 2), n. 131, as It. vlnenliH, var. fiaavUln. We have more recently 
 received for comparison an original specimen of Tottnlu hisuldna, De 
 Not., whicli apparently differs in its shorter more ovate cylindrical cap- 
 sule, and the borders of the leaves rellexed from below the middle only. 
 It seems, therefore, to be a distinct species, but the specimen is Incom- 
 plete, tho capsule being old and empty. 
 
 27. B. elata, Dur. & 3Iont. Plants dirty yellowisli green, 
 stronger, dividing hy two innovations from helow the flowering 
 apex : leaves appressed, slightly crispato at the apex, open, 
 erect when moist, loosely inihricate, the lower smaller, narrowly 
 lanceolate, acute from tho decurrent ovate enlarged base ; 
 borders entire, rovolute from above tho base to near tho apex, 
 where they ar« flat or slightly rectu'ved ; npi)er leaves much 
 longer, linear-lanceolate from tlie ovate base, acute or blunt at 
 the apex ; cells of the ureolation larger, quadrate, pellucid at 
 base, very small, oi)aque, minutely papillose above; perichcB- 
 tial leaves lanceolate-subulate from the enlarged base, with a 
 loose pellucid areolation : capsule elliptical-oblong, large, dark 
 ])urple, like its pedicel ; lid long, of tho same color ; annulus 
 l)ale, compound. — Fl. Alger. ; Muell. Syn. i. 620. 
 
 Had. Near San Francisco (Bolander), mixed with the two preceding 
 species. 
 
 I 
 
 ■ 
 
126 
 
 BUYACEyE. 
 
 [Barbula. 
 
 J 
 
 :i 
 
 i 
 
 ■i 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 The more distant leaves, less open, recurved when moist, the stem- 
 leaves ovate, decinreat at base, and especially the larger broader capsule 
 with longer twice-twisted teeth, etc., separate this siwcies from It. viiiealia. 
 Tlie above description, made from the examination of a large number of 
 specimens, slightly differs from that of Mueller. But this author has 
 co'ipared specimens and confirmed their identity with the foreign plant. 
 
 28. B. rubiginosa, Mitt. Closely related to the preced- 
 ing in the form and areohition of the leaves, and to JJ. vinealia 
 ill the size and mode of growth, but differing from both in the 
 leaves merely ai)j>ressed and curved when dry, in the much 
 shorter lid, whose length is half that of the capsule, in the 
 absence of a i)eristome, and in the annulus composed of a triple 
 row « f cells. — Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 27, t. 5. Pottia rubigi- 
 nosa^ Watson, Bot. Calif, ii. 362. • 
 
 Hab. Northwest America (Do«f//as). 
 
 29. B. semitorta, SuUiv. Plants short, simple, loosely 
 cespitose : upper leaves longer, tufted, erect, half-clasping at 
 base, horizontal, linear-lanceolate, with flat borders and a t) ick 
 percurrent costa : calyi>tra long and narrow, twisted ; lid en- 
 larged Jit base, subulate, blunt at the apex, slightly inclined : cap- 
 sule erect, reguhn*, cylindrical-oblong ; teeth long, half-twisted ; 
 annulus simple, narrow, persistent. — Pacif. R. Rep. iv. 186, t. 3. 
 
 Hab. Near Benicia, California (Bifielow). 
 
 Comparable to B. brtichyphylla, Sulliv., with which it is mixed, differ- 
 ing in the shorter calyptra descending only to the base of the longer lid, 
 the peristome less twisted, the leaves tufted at the top of the stems, 
 squarrose-spreading, gradually tapering from near the base and not 
 abruptly narrowed to the apex. 
 
 30. B. artocarpa, Lesq. Densely cespitose ; stems slender, 
 short, generally simple : lower leaves short-ovate at base, lanceo- 
 late above, shortly cuspidate by the stout excurrent costa, the 
 upper longer and longer lanceolate-subulate ; cells of the nreo- 
 lation small, round-quadrate above, rectangular and slightly 
 broader at base ; perichaetiai leaves large, clasping at base, con- 
 tracted above, subulate, erect : capsule ovate-cylindrical, short, 
 slender, contracted at the orifice ; lid w^ith a long-subulate more 
 or less curved beak ; teeth slender, whitish, once twisted ; annu- 
 lus simple, persistent. — Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. xiii. 4; Sulliv. & 
 Lesq. Muse. Am.-Bor. Exsicc. (ed. 2), n. 133. 
 
 Hab. On the ground, Monte Diablo, California (Bolander) ; Monterey 
 (Watson). Resembling the following species in aspect, the characters of 
 the leaves, and form of the capsule, which, however, is annulate. 
 
Barbula.] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 12i 
 
 31. B. gracilis, Schwacgr. Densely tufted ; plants short, 
 olive or dusky green, simple or with few innovations : leaves 
 open, ereet, strict, loosely imbricate when dry, smooth, ovate- 
 lanceolate, acuminate by the excurrent brown stout costa ; 
 borders revolute from the base to the middle ; areolation round, 
 minute but distinct, rectangular at the base ; jiericluetial leaves 
 large, rertexed on the borders, with a long flexuous point: ca|)- 
 sule small, ovate-oblong, solid, more or less incurved ; lid narrow- 
 ly rostrate; teeth short, reddish, twisted; annulus none. — Suppl. 
 i. 125, t. 34 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 1 i5. lortula gracilis, Schleich. ; 
 Lindb. Trichost. 249. 
 
 Hab. Crevices of limestone rocks, Brattleboro, Vermont (Fi-ost). 
 Distinguished from It.J'allax especially by the suberect straight leaves, 
 the long-cuspidate pericluutial leaves, the short»»r small capsule, etc. 
 §5. CoNvoLUTvE. Plants densely cespitose: leaves britjht or 
 yellowish green, chlorojyhgllose, tivisted when dry ; basilar 
 areolation loose ; j^^^'ichcetial leaves long-sheathing or con- 
 volute: cajisule small, elliptical-ovate, subincnrved, brown ,' 
 teeth of the funnel-like purjjle peristome very long, twisted. 
 
 32. B. COnvoluta, Hedw. Plants short, in dense tufts, 
 
 bright green above : leaves open when moist, twisted when 
 
 dry, narrowly Ungulate-lanceolate, with Hat borders, acute or 
 
 apiculate by the excurrent costa ; basilar cells quadrangular, 
 
 the upper close, round, subopaque, minutely papillose ; peri- 
 
 chaetial leaves convolute, the upper closely sheathing, obtuse or 
 
 short-apiculauC : capsule oblong-cylindrical, incurved, reddish 
 
 brown, on a long yellow pedicel ; annulus large, compound, 
 
 revoluble. — Muse. Frond, i. 86, t. 32; Bryol. Eur. t. 154. 
 
 Tortula convoluta, Schrad. ; Lindb. Trichost. 248. 
 
 Hau. On the ground; British America (Brummond)\ Raccoon Moun- 
 tains, Alabama (Lesquerenx)', Enon Valley, Pennsylvania (James); Oak- 
 land (liiffelow), and on burned trunks, Ukiah, California (liolander). 
 
 33. B, GlOSteri, Aust. Known only from sterile plants, 
 and closely related to the last, characterized, according to the 
 author, by its sublinear or oblong-lanceolate subcarinate remark- 
 ably granulosis leaves, very slightly recurved on one of the mar- 
 gins below the middle, with a minute hyaline point; leaves 
 often strongly recurved at the apex. — Coult. Bot. Gaz. i. 29, 
 and iv. 30. 
 
 Hab. New Jersey (4fts<m); Gainesville, Florida (JJaccnei). In Rau 
 & Hervey's catalogue uitited with B. Cruegeri, a very different species. 
 
 Ii 
 
 jJil 
 
 \ in 
 
 
 
I' m'w^^'" 
 
 128 
 
 BRYACE^E. 
 
 [Barbula. 
 
 V .1 
 
 ! f i^ 
 
 34. B. agraria, ITedw. Moncecious : plants short and 
 simple, closely tufted, with few leaves: leaves close, erect, 
 spatulate-lanceolate, involute on the borders ; costa yellow, ex- 
 current ; cells of the basilar areolation large, the upper smaller, 
 hexagonal, not opaque; inner perichajtial leaves two, convolute, 
 rounded to a blunt apex, loosely radiculose : male flowers on a 
 short basilar branch, with leaves convolute, acuminate, erect : 
 calyptra long-beaked, reaching to the mid<lle of the capsule : 
 capsule annulate, oblong-ovate or subcylindrical and slightly in- 
 curved, dark red, on a comparatively long reddish |>edicel ; lid 
 long, narrowly conical ; peristome twisted to the left. — Muse. 
 Frond, iii. 17, t. 6 ; Muell. Syn. i. C04. Hryum agrarium^ 
 Swartz, Prod. 139. 
 
 Had. On stones and stone walls; Koy West, Florida {Pourtales, 
 Garber, J. Donnell Smith); Apalachicola {Drummond). 
 
 This species, generally found in the West Indies, is referable to a sepa- 
 rate section, IJyophiladelphus, Muell., related to the Concolntce, especially 
 by the involute stem-leaves and the convolute perichaetial ones. Its 
 monoecious inflorescence and the flat teeth twisted to the left are char- 
 acters at variance with those of that section. 
 
 35. B. Raui, Aust. Plants very short, gregarious, sub- 
 cespitose : leaves tufted, crispate, spatulate-ovate, cymbiform, 
 concave, acuminate or apiculate, smooth, flat on the borders ; 
 costa stout, subexcurrent ; basilar areolation loose, the u})per 
 obscure, of nearly round unequal cells; perichaetial leaves 
 thinner, convolute, often blunt, thinly costate : flowers dioecious, 
 the male plants much smaller than the fertile ones, with leaves 
 obscurely erose-dentate and distinctly costate : calyptra reach- 
 ing the middle of the capsule, which is on a very slender pedicel 
 1 cm. long, erect, cylindrical-oblong, costate when dry; lid 
 long-conical, rostrate, erect ; teeth long, closely twisted ; annu- 
 lus narrow. — Bull. Torr. Club, vi. 43. 
 
 Hau. On rocks, Afatagorda County, Texas (i?. G. liechdolt). 
 
 3C. B. Donnellii. Dioecious : stems 2 to 5 m.m. long : 
 leaves involute, crispate when dry, open, spatulate-oblong or 
 ovate-lanceol?te, acute or submucronate, deeply canaliculate- 
 concave, somewhat scabrous on the back, obscurely serrulate at 
 the apex ; costa stout, subpercurrent : fruit unknown. — 7^or- 
 tula Donnellii., Austin, Coult. Bot. Gaz. iii. 31. 
 
 Had. Banks of the St. Lucie River, Florida, with B. ayraria {J. Don- 
 nell Smith). Apparently a variety of one of the two preceding species. 
 
Barbula.] 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 129 
 
 § 6. ToRTUOs.n. Plants more robust: leaves longer^ linear- 
 lanceolate^ flexuoHS^ cirrhate-crisj^ate when dry ; basilar 
 areolation loose, hyaline : capsule thin ; basilar membrane 
 none or scarcely visible. 
 
 37. B. C88SpitOSa, Schwaegr. JNIoncrcious : plants loosely 
 
 cespitose, variable in size, soft : leaves long-linear, nmeronale 
 
 by the strong yellowish costa, more or less undulate : male 
 
 flowers in axillary short f>e(licellate buds of two or three leaves: 
 
 capsule oblong-ovate, more or less incurved, subeylindrical, gil> 
 
 bous at base, reddish, on a long flexuous pedicel, twisted when 
 
 dry ; teeth very long, purple, twice or thrice closely twisted ; 
 
 annulus none: spores minute, greenish, translucent, smooth. — 
 
 Suppl. i. 120, t. 31 ; Sulliv. Mosses of U. States, 27. B. cir- 
 
 rhata, IJrid. ; Bryol. Eur. t. 149. B. humilis, Iledw. Spec. 
 
 Muse. IIG, t. 25. Tortula humilis, I3rid. ; Lindb. Trichost. 251. 
 
 Hau. Roots of trees in grassy places; common, especially in the hills 
 of the Southeastern States, and very variable. 
 
 38. B. tortuosa, Web. & Mohr. Dioecious: in large, more 
 
 or less compact tufts; stems generally long (two to four cm.), 
 
 dichotomous, tomentose-radiculose toward the base : leaves 
 
 densely imbricate, twisted-crispate when dry, spreading and 
 
 flexuous when moist, linear-lanceolate, undulate from a thin 
 
 pale colored base, short-cuspidate by the stout excurrent costa ; 
 
 j)ericha3tial leaves erect, half-sheathing, narrowly acuminate, 
 
 whitish : capsule ovate or oblong-cylindrical, more or less 
 
 arcuate, soft, yellowish when full of spores, brown when old ; 
 
 lid narrowly conical-rostrate ; teeth very slender, much twisted ; 
 
 annulus none. — Bot. Tasch. 205; Bryol. Eur. t. 151. Bryiim 
 
 tortuosiitn, Linn. Tortula tortuosa, Ehrh. ; Lindb. Trichost. 253. 
 
 Had. Goat Island, Niagara Falls; Lancaster, and Alleghany Moun- 
 tains, Pennsylvania; Ontario, Canada; New Brunswick, etc. 
 
 39. B. fragilis, Bruch & Schimp. Dioecious: widely cespi- 
 tose ; stems erect, close and straight, simple and dichotomous, 
 tomentose-radiculose at base : leaves densely imbricate and 
 appressed, lanceolate-subulate by the excurrent semiterete 
 M'hitish costa, flat and crenulate on the borders, thin and 
 hyaline at base, minutely areolate, densely chlorophyllose and 
 papillose on both faces in the upper part : capsule regular or 
 slightly incurved, ovate-oblong ; lid oblique, long-beaked from a 
 conical base ; teeth very slender and papillose, twisted two or 
 
 i; W 
 
 
 r,- 
 
 i\ 
 
 
 •'II 
 
 ■■m i 
 
 W^ 
 
 ill 
 
 rilffl 
 
 M 
 
 
 •i 
 
iprufif 
 
 W 
 
 130 
 
 BUYACE/E. 
 
 [Barhvld. 
 
 ! 
 • i 
 
 ) 
 
 ;i 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 i i ^ 
 
 - 1 
 
 1 
 i 
 
 Mi 
 
 ■ Mm 
 
 ''?■ 
 
 ' m 
 
 -\ si- 
 
 1 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 three times ; anniilus none. — Bryol. Eur. t. 639. Didt/modon 
 fragilis^ Hook. «& Wils. in Drunim. Muse. Amer. n. 127. 7c»r- 
 tulafraffilis^ Wils. ; Liudb. Triehost. 253. 
 
 II AB. Hocky Mountains (I)nimmond)\ Lake Superior (A(jassiz)\ 
 Ausable Kiver, base of tlie Adirondack Mountains, New York (Leaque- 
 reitx); limestone rocks, New Jersey {Austin). Very rarely fertile. 
 
 § 7. Squarros.e. Plants lonff, tcfdeli/ and looseh/ cespitose: 
 leaves of equal size the whole length of the steniy long-lan- 
 ceolate, squarrose ; cells minute, chlorophgllose, loose at the 
 base : floioers dicecious, axillarg. 
 
 40. B. squarrosa, Brid. Tufts yellowish green, not 
 tomentose-radieulose : leaves densely tufted at the top of the 
 fertile plants, sheathing at base, recurved and incurved, squar- 
 rose, twisted-crispate when dry, long-lanceolate, undulate on 
 the borders, serrate at the aj)ex ; costa thin, excurrent or per- 
 current ; perichaetial leaves half-sheathing: innovations bearing 
 sometimes a number of pericha3tia, each with a single fruit ; 
 calyj)tra very narrow, fugacious : capsule small, ovate-oblong or 
 cylindrical, a little curved; i)edicel long, reddish belov/, yel- 
 lowish in the upi)er part ; teeth very long and slender, twice 
 convolute, with short constricted articulations, pale purple, 
 very papillose and fugacious ; annulus narrow, simi)le. — Bryol. 
 Univ. i. 833 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 152. Pleurochcete squarrosa, 
 Lindb. Triehost. 253. 
 
 Hab. On the ground, at the roots of pines, near Lebanon, Tennessee 
 (J. Robinson)', Texas ( Wriyht). Extremely rare, and only sterile speci- 
 mens as yet found in North America. 
 
 § 8. Syntriciii.e. Plants robust : leaves oblong. Ungulate or 
 ovate-spat ulate ; cells small, thick, chlorophgllose, jxtpillose, 
 hexagonal above, larger, hyaline and hexagonal-rectangular 
 below : calyptra large : capsule oblong or cylindrical, gen- 
 erally subarcuate, on a stout pedicel ; teeth attached to a long 
 tubular membrane spirally tessellated, entire or rarely per- 
 forated or cribrose. 
 
 41. B. SUbulata, Beauv. Monoecious: loosely cespitose; 
 plants short, simple or divided, radiculose at base : leaves ovate 
 and spatulate-oblong, pointed or more or less long-mucronate by 
 the excurrent costa, entire or serrate at the apex, plane on the 
 borders, either entire or surrounded by a border of yellowish 
 long thick-walled cells : male flowers on short lateral branches : 
 
Barbula.] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 131 
 
 tubular base of the peristome very lonj;; annulus double. — 
 Prodr. 43; ]>ryol. Eur. t. 100, IGl. liryum subultitum^ Linn. 
 Sp. PI. 1110. Tortilla subnlata, Iledw. ; Lindb. Triehost. 24-J. 
 
 Var. BUbinermis, Schimp. Leav: ; .'..ortly muoronate by 
 the excurrent costa, with a less distinct border : capsule shorter 
 and shorter-pedicellate. — Syn. 187. 
 
 Var. mutica, Schimp. Leaves shorter, broader, blunt at 
 the apex, not margined, but retlexed on the borders. 
 
 Var. angUStata, Schimp. Leaves longer and narrower, 
 linear with a narrow thick margin : capsule very narrow, cylin- 
 drical, subarcuate. 
 
 Hab. Western Arizona {liifjelow), and at the Big Tree Grove, Cali- 
 fornia {lioUnuhr); Kocky Mountains (E. UaU); Twin Laltes, Colorado 
 ( Wolf & liothrock); British Coliunbia (Mucoun), a variety with entire 
 borders and long liair-like points. 
 
 Lindberg, 1. c, remarks on the synonymy of this species and its nume- 
 rous varieties, that upon examination of numerous specimens of the dif- 
 ferent forms he cannot find one with characters distiuct enough to sepa- 
 rate it as a species. The surface of the leaves is more or less papillose, 
 sometimes smooth, the costa passes above the apex in a short or long 
 mucro, the borders are marglnate by one or two rows of longer yellowish 
 cells, or entire with an unchanged areolation, the lid and the capsule are 
 variable in leigth, the peristome whitish or reddish brown, and the 
 annulus broad or narrow. 
 
 42. B. inermis, Muell. Differs from the preceding in the 
 leaves more solid, oblong, obtuse or blunt at the apex, the 
 borders not margined, very entire, revolute in the upper part, 
 the areolation smaller, more opaque and dense, and the capsule 
 shorter. — Syn. i. 024. Ihrtula inermiSy ]V[ont. ; Lindb. 
 Trichost. 241. J?, subulata, var. inermis^ Bruch & Schimp., 
 Bryol. Eur. t. 101, in part, and 107. 
 
 Had. California, near the Rio Colorado {Biyelow). 
 
 43. B. mucronifolia, Bruch & Schimp. Mode of growth 
 as in i?. siibulata^ from which it differs in the leaves a little 
 shorter with immarginate bordei-s reflexed toward the base, the 
 areolation looser, the costa excurrent into a longer smooth 
 point, the lid and the pedicel of the capsule shorter, the annulus 
 broader, the tubular often perforated membrane nearly half as 
 long, with shorter teeth, and the male flowers smaller. — Bryol. 
 Eur. t. 102. Tortilla mucrotiifolia^ Schwaegr. Suppl. i. 130, 
 t. 34. T. subiilata, var. Icevifolia, Lindb. Trichost. 242. 
 
 Hab. Bare ground, limestone rocks, banks of streams, etc. ; not rare. 
 
 I i 
 
 
 iM 
 
WifW 
 
 132 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [liarbula. 
 
 44. B. ISBVipila, Bruch & Scliimp. Monoecious : plants 
 long and robunt, in dense tnfts, dichotomous, tomentosc-radicu- 
 lose at base : leaves glaucous green, brownish when old, oi)en 
 or recurved at the apex, oblong-obovate and spatulate, entire or 
 surroutided by a broad yellow margin of round-hexagonal cells, 
 roiuided and eniarginate at the apex; costa reddish-brown, 
 passing above into a white filiform mucro, cither smooth or 
 dentate at the apex ; upper areolation very dense : capsule 
 oblong-cylin<lrical, slightly arched, solid, dark brown ; pedicel 
 short, purplish, twisted to the left when dry ; lid slender, 
 conical ; tubular membrane one-third the length of the peri- 
 stome ; teeth closely and many times twisted. — Bryol. Eur. t. 
 1G4. IWtula litvipila, Schwaegr. Suppl. ii. 66, t. 120 ; Lindb. 
 Trichost. 245. 
 
 IIab. Foot of Monte Diablo {Dolander), and Duncan's Mills, Cali- 
 fornia ( Watson); Nevada ( Watson); Vancouver Island {Lyall). 
 
 45. B. latifolia, Bruch & Schimp. Dioecious: plants ir- 
 regularly and loosely cespitose, dark green or blackish : lower 
 leaves distant, oblong-obovate, the inner tufted. Ungulate, close, 
 spreading, twisted or complicate when dry ; costa vanishing 
 below the emarginate apex or passing a little beyond it : cap- 
 sule short-pedicellate, oblong-cylindrical, brown ; basilar mem- 
 brane of the i)eristoir:'^ one-third its length ; teeth long, many 
 times twisted ; annulus simple, narrow. — Bryol. Eur. t. 164. 
 Tortilla latifolia., Hartm. ; Lindb. Trichost. 243. 
 
 Hab. On fence-posts close to the water of a creek near San Rafael, 
 California (Bolander); on trunks of Alnus viridis, Colorado (E. Ilall). 
 
 46. B. ruralis, Hedw. Dicecious : plants w^idely tufted, 
 
 whitish green above, brown-ferruginous below : leaves close at 
 
 the apex, more distant along the stem, recurved-squarrose from 
 
 the middle, half-clasping or subsheathing at base, large, oblong, 
 
 rounded or emarginate at the apex, the costa passing above into 
 
 a long flexuous whitish s]unulose awn ; inner perichjetial leaves 
 
 ovate, costate, acute : capsule oblong, subincurved, on a long 
 
 pedicel reddish at base and yellowish above ; operculum long, 
 
 conical-acum nate ; peristome very long, tubulose nearly to the 
 
 middle ; teeth purple, closely twisted. — Fund. Muse. ii. 92 ; 
 
 Bryol. Eur. t. 166. Bryum rurale, Linn. Sp. PI. 1116. Tor- 
 
 tula ruralis^ Ehrh. ; Lindb. Trichost. 246. 
 
 Hab. On dry rocks, old trunks, sterile groimd, etc Especially com- 
 mon on the Pacific slope. 
 
liarbula. ] 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 133 
 
 B. INTEIIMEDIA, Bild., differing from the last chiefly in the concave 
 scarcely carinate leaves, tlie borders retlexed only in tiie middle, and 
 the hair-point less spinulose, Is recorded in llau & Ilervey's catalogue on 
 uncertain authority. No specimen of this specie." lius been observed in 
 North America so far as we know. 
 
 47. B. papulosa, Muell. Dioecious : plants in irregular 
 loosely spreading tufts, green when moist, dark brown when 
 dry : leaves erect-i»i (reading, the lower ovate, the upper obovate- 
 sjuitulatc, fiddle-shaped (panduriform), v«'ry eoiieave, slightly 
 acuminate or rounded or obcordate at the apex, papillose on the 
 back, with a short hair-point [(rolongatiou of the costa, which 
 bears on its i».ipillose uj)per surface crowded slightly ]>e«licellate 
 gemma), each comj)Osed of '2 to 5 clustered roundish green 
 cells : fruit unknown. — Syn. i. 598. Tortnla jyapillosiiy Wils. 
 Bryol. Brit. 135, t. 44 ; Lindb. Trichost. 244. 
 
 Had. Trunks of elm trees, Massachusetts (./. L. liuitseU); Pennsyl- 
 vania, New Jersey and Delaware {James); conuiion around Philadelphia. 
 
 48. B. Muelleri, Bruch & Schimp. Very similar to £. 
 
 ruralis^ differing in its bisexual infiorescence, larger and more 
 
 compact tufts, the leaves more densely crowde<l on the stem, 
 
 open, not reflexed, broadly oblong-obtuse or rounded to a slightly 
 
 spinulose awn, carinate in the middle, with bonlers more or less 
 
 revolute in the lower part, the costa reddish .nd somewhat 
 
 hirsute. — Bryol. Eur. t. 168. Ihrtula prutceps^ DeXot. ; 
 
 Lindb. Trichost. 247. 
 
 Had. Common on decayed trunks in California {liolander, Kellor/y, 
 Watson); Oregon {Nevius, E. Hall); Nevada and Western Montana 
 ( Watson). 
 
 Tribe IV. GRDLAITE.E. 
 
 Plants repeatedly dichotomous by innovations. Leaves 
 opaque ; areolation hexagonal or linear-sinuous in the lower 
 l)art, minutely round-hexagonal, punctiform and chlorophyllose 
 in the upper. Calyptra mitriform, partly or entirely covering 
 the capsule, rarely cuculliform, smooth or furrowed, often 
 hairy. Ca])8ule erect, generally regular, on a straight or arcuate 
 pedicel. Peristome generally perfect, simple, with the teeth 
 short, flat, entire or diversely lacerated or lacunose or divided 
 into filiform segments. 
 
 J 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 ^iij J 
 
 iMil 
 
I » VWT 
 
 134 
 
 BHYACEiE. 
 
 [CincUdotua. 
 
 45. OINOLIDOTUS, Bomv. 
 Aquatic, floatiiii^ in lon*^ ami wi<le greenish blaclc tufts at- 
 tached by l)asilar radicles, fasciculate, rarely dichotomous. 
 Leaves open, thickisli, comjxiscd of parenchymatous cells, very 
 minute an<l chlorophyllose toward the apex ; costa stout, papil- 
 lose on the hack. Flowers dia'cious, the ft'inale terminal on 
 l)riniary ])ranches ; the male either terminal or agglomerate on 
 short seconihu'y branches, becoming lateral or terminal by age. 
 Calyptra conical, cucullate, solid. Cajtsulo immersed or emerg- 
 ing, thick. Teeth of the peristome cut into multiple filiform 
 divisions, coherent below, free above, pa])illo8e, reddish. 
 Anmdus none. Spores large, verruculose. 
 
 1. 0. fontinaloides, Beau v. Leaves long, lanceolate, 
 somewhat fiexuous, curved when dry, mucronatc by the ex- 
 current costa : fruit generally abundant, nearly immersed in the 
 j)erich{etial leaves : capsule ovate-oblong, soft, sulcate when 
 dry ; teeth large, purple, cleft from below the middle into two 
 or threo filiform simple lacinia? connected toward the base by 
 cross-bars or trabetulate. — Prodr. 52 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 277. 
 Ti'ichostortmmfotithialoides, Iledw. Miisc. Frond, iii. 36, t. 14. 
 JIar. On stones in the bed of a creek, Ontario, Canada (Macoun), 
 sterile specimens. 
 
 46. GRIMMIA, Ehrh. (PI. 2.) 
 Plants more or less compactly tufted or pulvinate, rooting at 
 the base only. Leaves close, open, rarely secund, lanceolate, 
 often j)iliferous at the apex ; borders generally entire, rarely 
 erose-denticulate at the apex ; surface more or less paj)illose. 
 Peristome (rarely absent) simple, of 16 teeth, transversely arti- 
 culate, lanceolate, entire or more generally variously split, 
 papillose, purple, hygroscoj)ical. Annulus generally present. 
 
 Subgenus I. SCHISTIDIUM. (PI. 2.) 
 Areolation minutely quadrat? or punctiform in the upper 
 part of the leaves, the surface nearly smooth or with minute 
 sparse papilla). Flowers monoecious. Calyptra small, lobate, 
 
Ortmmla.] 
 
 BRTACE.E. 
 
 135 
 
 covering the lid only. Onpsnle immersed or on a short straijjht 
 pedicel. Li<1 broadly convex, cuspidate, faHin<^ off with the 
 columella. Teeth lanceolate, crihrose, rarely rudimentary. 
 
 1. Q. COnferta, Funck. Leaves oblonj^ or ovate-lanceolate, 
 ac'iminate, opacpie, with a short <lenticulate hair-{K)int ; bonlers 
 sliijhtly inflated above oii the ris^ht side, reHcxed toward the 
 base : capsule ovate-jjlobose ; lid broadly convex at base with a 
 phort apiculate beak ; teeth lane olate, split and cribrose ; 
 annulus none. — Moos-Tasch. 18, t. TJ; Schim|). Syn. 11)1). 
 /Sc/iistidliun confertinu^ Bruch & Schimp. IJryol. Eur. t. *J32; 
 Sulliv. Mosses of U. States, 30. Grimmia apocwjm^ var. con- 
 ferta^ Muell. Syn. i. 777. 
 
 Var. obtusifolia, Schinip. Leaves shorter and broader, 
 obtuse, bright green. — Syn. 200. 
 
 Var. compacta. Stems short, compact ; tufts slender, 
 mostly simple, compresse<l. 
 
 Hah. On rocks, wet or dry, plains and mountains; var. obtu)t{foUa, 
 in sliadod places, common; var. compacta. Lake Superior {Maroun). 
 
 Differs from G. apocarpa, especially in the leaves erect and blackish 
 when dry, with borders less recurved, the costa stouter, dilated, promi- 
 nent on the back, and more channelled above, the capsule smaller, 
 paler, of thinner texture and almost pellucid, the l)eak of the lid blunt 
 and slightly shorter, and the teeth more cribrose and somewhat lacerate, 
 orani;e-coIored, fragile and fugacious. 
 
 G. suniNCUKVA, Aust. (Coult. Bot. Gaz. iii. 31), described from sterile 
 specimens, is said to differ from G. conferta in the leaves muticous, not 
 hyaline-apiculate, the margins less recurved and the cells of the areola- 
 tion much smaller. In G. conferta, var. ohtimfnUa, the leaves are 
 obtuse and not hyaline-pointed, and in all the forms of that species 
 the margins are not reflexed or only slightly so. The author compares 
 the species also to Zyyodon Mowjeotu, with which it was found, and 
 Anally remarks that the species is chiefly characterized by the muticous 
 subincurved apex of the leaves, and that in the upper part of the leaves 
 the cells are often broader than long and sliglitly obscure. 
 
 2. G. ambigua, Sulliv. Closely resembles G. conferta^ 
 from which it differs in the larger perichajtial leaves prolonged 
 upward into a long scabrous hyaline hair-point, the oval-oblong 
 capsule, the scarcely perforated teeth, and the cucullifonn 
 calyptra. — Icon. Muse. i. 66, t. 41. Schistidium ambujuum^ 
 Sulliv. Mem. Am. Acad. n. s. iv. 170, and Mosses of U. States, 
 36. 
 
 IIab. Dry rocks; Santa Fe, New Mexico (Fendler)\ near Easton, 
 Pennsylvania {James, E. Baur). 
 
 I 
 
 M. 
 
 ill 
 
 11. ;>!-i 
 
 
 
 
 iii 
 
T 
 
 f*;i 
 
 
 186 
 
 BIIYACE.E. 
 
 [GrlmiHla. 
 
 8. G. apocarpa, IIt'<1w. Mure robust an<1 not us <k'iiHC'ly 
 ttjftcd as the prcecdin;? : loavos open from an erect base 
 when moist, hmceolate from the enhu'j^ed concave base, carinate 
 above, recurved on the borders, often hyaline-denticuhite at tlie 
 apex ; costa vanishing; beN)\v the apex or exeurrent into a rouj^h 
 peUucid pohit: capsule ovate, thick ; Ii<l purple with a longer 
 acuminate beak ; peristome (bu'k purple, with broader nearly 
 entire scarcely perforate teeth; annulus none. — Muse. Frond, 
 i. 113, t. iid. Jin/HNi ifpocurpuHiy Linn. Sp. PI. 1115. Svftisti- 
 (Hum apocarpvviy Hruch & Schimp. Hryol. Eur. t. 'J33, I2.'i4 ; 
 Sulliv. Mosses of U. States, 3rt. 
 
 Var. gracilis, Nees & Ilornsch. Stems loufjor, slender: 
 leaves spreadiiii^ all around or incline*! to one side: fruits 
 lateral by prol«)n^ation of the innovations. 
 
 Var. rivularis, Nees & Ilornscli. Loosely cespitose, fasci- 
 culate-branching, blackish green : leaves ovate-lanceolate, blunt 
 at the apex : capsule turbinate and wide-mouthed when em]>ty. 
 
 Hah. On stone, rooks, v. alls, etc., rarely on wood; the first variety on 
 dry rocks in mountains; the second conunon on rocks in streams. 
 
 4. G. platyphylla, Mitt. Leaves incurved and imbricate, 
 broadly ovate, blunt at the aj)ex or produced into a shoit 
 dia]»hanou8 j)oint by the ])ercurrent thick cost.a, revolute on the 
 borders ; perichietial leaves broadly oval, oblting, angular, 
 obtuse at the apex, loosely areolate, with long delicate meshes 
 to near the apex. — Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 20. 
 
 Had. Davis Straits (Taylor). 
 
 This species, says the autlior, is in appearance like G. apocarpa, var. 
 stricta, but tlie leaves are more than twice as wide and imbricated both 
 in the wet and dry state, the perichujtial with very lax areolation for two- 
 thirds of their length. 
 
 5. G. Agassizii. Stems short ; branches fasciculate at the 
 
 ai)ex : leaves appressed when dry, erect when moist and shining, 
 
 blackish, linear-lanceolate from a slightly broader base, obtuse 
 
 and coarsely sparingly de.-tate at the aj)ex ; costa vanishing 
 
 below the apex ; })ericha3tial leaves longer and obtuse : capsule 
 
 oblong; beak of the lid short and obtuse ; teeth dark red,^ thick 
 
 and entire below, pale and cribrose above. — Schistidiu'm 
 
 Affassiziij Sulliv. & Lesq. Muse. Bor.-Am. Exsicc. n. 137 ; 
 
 Sulliv. Mosses of U. States, 104. 
 
 Had. Rocks washed by the waves; Lake Superior (L. Agasaiz, 1848). 
 Closely allied to ^r. maritima, from which it differs in the longer nar- 
 
 
GrimnUa.] 
 
 BRYACEiB. 
 
 187 
 
 rower liiicar<lanc«olato loaves, marked at the obtuse apex by a few largo 
 ti!L>tli and niuro narrowly cuntate, tlto iiiurc roiiipact aroolution, lli«> sliorl* 
 boukutl obtuse lid, the teeth pale reil and cribrusu in the upper part only, 
 etc. 
 
 0. G. maritima, Turn. Densely tufte<l, dark green or 
 bliU'k'iHh : leaves elosely imbricate, curved and more or lens 
 twistetl when dry, laneeolate-ucuminalu or mueronate, and eari- 
 nate by a thick excurrent custa; borders nearly flat: capsule 
 obovate, truncate ; teeth minutely cribrose, ferruginous. — Muse. 
 Ilibern. 123, t. 3. ISdiistidiurn inaritutitnii^ liruch i& 8chimj). 
 Bryol. Eur. t. 235 ; Sulliv. Mosses of U. States, 30. 
 
 II All. Sea coast, ou rocks at Nahant, Masaachuaetts {Leaquercux). 
 
 SuHGExus 11. SCOULEUIA. 
 
 Plants of large fine growth, dichotomous. Leaves thick, 
 chloroi>ljyllo80. Capsule inmierscd, globose, on Khort lateral 
 branches. Operculum fixed and persistent uj)on the columella. 
 Peristome of 16 teeth, divided into 32 short broadly lanceolate' 
 subulate segments, inflexed when moist, erect when dry. 
 
 7. G. Scouleri, Muell. Plants dark green or black : stem- 
 leaves imbricate, open, spreading when moist, broadly ovate, 
 obtuse, carinate, flat on the borders, dentate from the middle 
 upward ; costa strong, brown ; cells round or hexagonal, inflated 
 or thick-walled above, larger, subcpiadrate and pellucid at base ; 
 perichietial leaves similar: calyptra glabrous: ea])sule large, 
 globose-turgid, thick, dark brown, with a broa;! orifice ; lid 
 small, flat, with a short conical aj>ex. — Syn. ii. G54. JScouleria 
 aqmUica, Hook, in Drumm. Muse. Amer. n. 03, and Bot. Misc. 
 ii. 33, t. 18 ; Schwaegr. Suppl. iv., t. 315. 
 
 II AH. On rocks in running water, upon the Pacific slope; Portage 
 River {Scolder, who gave specimens to Drummond); on granite rocks in 
 Merced River, California (liolander)', Columbia River {Lyall); near 
 Portland, Oregon (3/orri.s, F. Hall); Spokan Falls, abundant (Watson). 
 
 A beautiful and remarkable species, related to Cinclidotus in its mode 
 of growth and the exserted columella, and to Grimmia in the areolation 
 and other characters. 
 
 Subgenus III. GASTEROGRIMMIA. 
 Plants in short compact tufts. Leaves short. Inflorescence 
 monoecious. Capsule emergent or immersed, borne on a short 
 arcuate pedicel, ovate, ventricose on the lower side. Lid mamil' 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 m 
 
 
 
 
 ■/h 
 
 ^Mlh 
 
 I 
 
 
 i,m[ 
 
138 
 
 imYACE.15. 
 
 [Crlmmla, 
 
 Ni« 
 
 (liii 
 
 lato. PorlHtomo none, or oomimHtMl of Bplit ami perforntod teeth. 
 Aiiiiuliiii (liNtiiu't. 
 
 H. O. anodon, nmeli & Seliimi). IMantH in (\vum «len<ler 
 whitish Imiry tiit'ts: luvvcr leuveH Niiiall, looNel* 'lubricate, ovate- 
 lanceolate, hliiiit at the apex; upper and |ierichu'tial leavcH 
 much larger, oblong-lanceolate, conitave, plane on the borders, 
 pa.ssing into n more ur Icns eh)ngated Hcrrate hairy point : 
 capsule ovate-globose, ventricose, thin-walled, enlarged at tho 
 oriHce when empty; lid large, plano-convex, umbonate ; 
 annulus simple. — IJryol. Eur. t. liliO ; Muell. Syn. i. 7M0. 
 
 IIau. Liincstoiii! rocks, basuuf thu Kasl Iluiubuhll MoutituiuM, Nevada 
 {\)'tilson)\ Munistuii, Callfuriiia, and Ogdeii, Ulah (Laphnm)\ CuAon 
 City, Colorado {Urtiu'lvjei;); St. John, New Unuiswlck {Jiiiiii's). 
 
 9. G. plagiopodia, Iledw. Plants short, loosely atlhering 
 in compact grayish green tufts : lower leaves imbricate, oval- 
 oblong, obtuse, tho upper larger, acuminate, prolonged into a 
 hair-|>oint, concave, flat on tlie borders ; costa vanishing below 
 the apex : capsule oblong, wide-mouthed when empty ; teeth 
 lacerate and filiform, laviniate above, entire from the mi«ldlc 
 downwanl, sju'eading open when dry, dark orange ; annuli 
 double, j)ersistent. — Spec. Muse. 70, 1. 15 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 236. 
 
 Var. pilifera. Stems erect : the upi)er an«l especially tho 
 pcrichajtial leaves with a longer hair-point; i>erigonial leaves 
 longer, tho inner ones ovate-acute, the outer with a short hair- 
 point. — G Jirandeffci, Aust., Bull. Torr. Club, vi. 45 (?). 
 
 Hah. The variety on rocks In the Kocky Mountains, Colorado {E. 
 Hall, lirandeyee); on a fossil bone, Missouri (Cope); Ontario, Canada 
 (Macoun). 
 
 Of G. lirandegei, Austin, wo have seen only a sterile plant, agreeing 
 exactly with tliose of tlie variety described al)ove, and the characters 
 taken from the fruit, as described, are exactly tliose of G. pkujlopodla. 
 
 Subgenus IV. GlilMMIA, proper. 
 Leaves hair-pointed. Calyptra lobate-mitriform. Capsule 
 regular, emergent or exserted on an arcuate-pedicel. Teeth 
 cribrose or lacunose. 
 
 * Floicera moncecious. 
 
 10. G. pulvinata, Smith. Plants glaucous green or gray, 
 pulvinate : lower leaves lanceolate-acuminate, the upper oblong- 
 lanceolate, narrowed or rounded to a slightly rough hair-point : 
 
Grlmmla.\ 
 
 IUCYA( E.E. 
 
 139 
 
 onfwiilo n'jxularly oval, <li.stiiii'tly Ntriato, costnte when dry, 
 pciKlcnt from a yt'Il«>\visli nirvfil lu'dicfl ; li<l convex at ham', 
 n)strat(»; ti'i'th Ion;;, tlcnscly articulate iu-low, Nli^'htly |K'r- 
 foratcd and irregularly 'J-:i-<'lct't at tlie apex, |tin'|)le ; annulus 
 lari^c, revoluhle.— Kn«,'l. Hot. t. IT'JS; IJryul. Kiir. t. lilJU. 
 
 V'ar. obtUSa, Mucll. (':i|tsule Mliortcr, )»cdice|late, ovate- 
 ^IoImmc; lid ohlUHcly nianilllatc. — /)fi/j»tuiion oUusuny Ilrid. 
 IJryol. Univ. i. 1!)H. 
 
 II.vii. On rocks, California (Itolawhr, Palnitr); Arizona ( W/f/»/oui); 
 Nevaila, Utah, Wt'Htcrn Montana, and Wasliinyton Territory ( WntHon). 
 The variety at Fort Colvlllu {.'^ytill), and Cache Creek, Urlllsh America 
 
 • ♦ I*7(nre)'s (fiti'ciotts. 
 
 11. G. COntorta, Hrucli & Scliinip. Plants of mediuni hI/o 
 in loose Hoft ^reen tults, liecoinii i; lilack toward the base : 
 leaves incurved-sjjreadin^, erispnte when dry, lanceolate toward 
 the base, linear-Hulmlate, diaphanous at the apex or with a very 
 short hair-point, earinate-concave ami recurved on the borders 
 at base, coinplicate-carinate ab<. »•, t)nly the youn^ ones i^rcen, 
 the others blackish brown ; cells of the areolation comparatively 
 hirge, (juadrate, sinuous toward the ajiex, longer and hexaijonal- 
 reetanguhir toward the base, jtartly chlorophyllose and i>artly 
 diaphanous ; perich.ietial leaves sheathint; at base, open and 
 subulate above : cr.psule oval, smooth, soft, small com])ai'ed to 
 the size of tlu; plants, inclined on a slijj^htly arcuate pedicel ; 
 lid convex-conical, obtuse, erose at the base ; teeth bifid to 
 below the middle or lacunose, reddish brown ; annulus lar<jfe, of 
 a triple row of cells. — IJryol. Eur. t. 24^ ; Les(|. Mem. Cal. 
 Acad. i. 13. Dicriunim contort (tniy Wahl. Fl. Carj). 340, t. 4. 
 
 ILvn. Shade of tlie llig Trees, California (Uolnmlvr)', sterile. 
 
 The cliaracters of the plants and leaves agree with the ab«>ve deserij)- 
 tion of Schimper, but the specimens are sterile, and the species is, there- 
 fore, still doubtful for tliis continent. 
 
 VI. G. hamulosa, Lesrp Plants blackish, in irrejijular 
 loose tufts: leaves unequally inil)ricate, subfasciculate, homo- 
 mallous-falcate when dry, subhomomallous, erect and hook- 
 shaped when moist, narrowly lanceolate-subulate ; costa stout, 
 vanishing below the apex ; areolation long-quadrate or equi- 
 lateral at base, irregularly quadrate above ; i>ericha'tial leaves 
 longer and longer acuminate-subulate : ca})8ule oval, smooth, 
 thick, brown, emergent and inclined on a somewhat long curved 
 
 i 
 
 m 
 
 
 
 'u 
 
140 
 
 BRYACEi^E. 
 
 [Grlmmta. 
 
 '■^ 
 ■ i 
 
 'i 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 ii 
 
 ii 
 
 
 
 pedicel; teeth sliort, lacerate or perforate; anniilus none. — 
 JVIem. Calif. Acad. i. 14. 
 
 Had. Gravelly soil, Mount Dana, at 10,000 feet altitude ( liolander). 
 
 Uesenibles the preceding species, but is very distinct in tlie luunulose 
 hoinoniallous leaves with long subulate opaque nmticous points, in the 
 large capsule on a longer curved pedicel, the absence of annidus, etc. 
 
 13. G. torquata, Grev. Soft and fragile, in dense con- , 
 vox tufts- briiilit m-een above, blackish brown below and radi- 
 culose at base: leaves erect, spreading, spirally curved when 
 dry, oblong-lanceolate, the lower blunt, the upper with a short 
 hair-point, canaliculate by a slender costa; borders plane; cells 
 of the upi)er areolation thick, punctifonn, those of the lower 
 part long, linear, yellowish, with thick greenish walls. Flowers 
 and fruit unknown. — Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 199. G. torta, Nees 
 & Iloinsch. JJryol. Germ. i. 179, t. 24. Zt/t/odon torquatus^ 
 Lielmi. ; Muell. Syn. i. 682. 
 
 Hah. Near tlie Iligldands, Rocky Mountains of British North America 
 (Dvummond)\ Vanrouver Island (Macoun). 
 
 In one specimen the leaves are twisted and crispate at tlie top of tlie 
 stems, nr.icli lilie tliose of Zyyodon Californicus, whicli tliey also resemble 
 in sliape and color. 
 
 14. Q. Muhlenbeckii, Schimp. Tufts greenish white, soft, 
 more or less compact; stems erect, dichotomous, or branching 
 by innovations from near the aj^ex : leaves densely imbricate, 
 spreading and turning upward from the middle, erect when 
 dry, long-lanceolate, concave at the somewhat enlarged base, 
 carinate toward the apex, plane on the borders ; the lower with 
 a short, the upper with a long rough hair-point : capsule small, 
 emergent ui)on an arcuate pedicel, inclined or pendent, oval, 
 smooth, thin, yellowish brown ; lid convex at base, obtusely 
 apiculate-rostellate ; teeth lanceolate, mostly entire, sometimes 
 bifid or perforate at the apex, reddish brown; annulus simple, 
 narrow. — Syn. 212. G. incurva^ Bruch & Schimp. Bryol. 
 Eur. t. 243, not Schwaegr. 
 
 Hab. Mount Dana, California, at 11,000 feet altitude (Bolander). 
 
 15. G. Watsoni. Plants flexuous or erect, loosely cespi- 
 tose, dark or blackish green below, pale green at the apex: 
 leaves irrogularly imbricate, open, variously curved, flexuous 
 when dry, abruptly very much falcate-reflexed when mois- 
 tened, narrowly lanceolate from the somewhat eidarged base, 
 flat on the borders or slightly reflexed near the base, muticous 
 
Grlmvila.] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 141 
 
 or apiculate with a very short pelhicid point by the porcurrent 
 costa, ontiile or sliufhtly cremilate at the apex: capsule ovate- 
 oblontf, very olwcurely striate, emergent on a somewhat long 
 arcuate pedicel ; teeth lanceolate, nearly entire, split or per- 
 forated near the ai)ex only ; columella j)ersisting after the 
 dehiscence of the lid as a subulate poiiit longer than the teeth, 
 naked or tilanu'utose when young ; lid and calyptra as in 6r. 
 tric/iophi/lla ,' annulus narrow, of a simi>le row of cells. — G. 
 ancisti'odes^ Lesq. Mem. Calif. Acad. i. 13. 
 
 II All. On rocks, Daidanelles Cafton (lioUmiler)\ Aklerney, Marin Co., 
 California ( Watson ). 
 
 A fine species, ditfering from G. CaUfornlca in the scarcely hair- 
 pointed leaves, the oval-oblong capsule without a distinct colliun and 
 scarcely plicate when dry, the persistent cohunolla, and the narrow 
 simple annulus. It is probably the moss figured by Sullivant in Pacif. K. 
 Kep. iv. t. 4, tigs, l*" and 3"", on whicli he remarks (page 187) that it repre- 
 sents a variety differing from the typical forms of G. ('alifornk'a in the 
 strong abrupt recurvations of the leaves. The characters mentioned 
 above show it to be distinct fi'om G. Cal{fornicu, as well as from G. ancis- 
 trodts, to which it has been referred. 
 
 16. G. trichophylla, Grev. Plants soft, loosely tufted, 
 yellowish green: leaves open, flexuous, slightly crisped when 
 dry, the lower lanceolate, shortly awn-pointed, the upper oblong 
 at base, linear-lanceolate upward to a long nearly smooth 
 dirphanous point, carinate-concave, borders recurved towanl 
 the base ; cells of the areolation transversely oval, rectangular 
 toward the a])ex, linear-sinuous toward the base, the marginal 
 quadrate; ])ericha?tial leaves three, broad-oblong, sheathing to 
 the middle, .abruptly narrowed, lanceolate-subulate : ca])su!e 
 elliptical, 8-costate, thin, yellowish brown, horizontal or declined 
 u])on a long curved pedicel, flexuous and nearly erect when 
 dry ; lid with a long straight beak ; teeth long, irregularly 
 bifid to the middle, or lanceolate-subulate and more or less dis- 
 tinctly s])lit along the divisural line, red, connivent in a cone 
 when dry ; annulus large, compound, falling in fragments. — 
 Scot. Crypt. F). t. 100 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 244. 
 
 Var. meridionalis, Schimp. Plants longer, more densely 
 tufted, slender : leaves shorter, with a longer hair-point : cajv- 
 sule smaller, subglobose, less distinctly costate ; teeth smaller. 
 — Svn. 213. O. ancistrodes. Mont. 
 
 Ham. On erratic blocks, both the normal form and the variety, Cali- 
 fornia (Biyeloio, Bolander, Palmer, B. W. James). 
 
 m 
 
 "M 
 
 '<\M 
 
 'i'« 
 
 i-J?i?: 
 
 Ml 
 
 
II « ^wpf 
 
 142 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 [Grimmla. 
 
 17. G. Olneyi, Sulliv. Very similar to G. trichophjlla, 
 (lifferiuir in the leaves lanceolate from a more enhlrged ovate 
 base, more rii^id, not flexuous, witli a move compact areolation, 
 and the borders flat and not rettexed toward the base, the cajv 
 snle smooth, not furrowed when dry, the pedicel shorter, and 
 the lid somewhat shorter beaked : the peristome, the calyptra, 
 more deeply split on one side, and the anniilus are the same in 
 both. — Mosses of U. States 37, and Icon. Muse. 67, t. 42; 
 Sulliv. & Lesq. Muse. Bor.-Am. Exsicc. n. 141. 
 
 Had. On flat dry or wet rocks; Eastern States, not rare. 
 
 18. G. Oalifornica, Sulliv. In loose, sometimes wide 
 tufts • leaves open, erect, lanceolate, carinate-concave, reflexed 
 on the borders ; costa excurrcnt into a short hyaline denticulate 
 hair-point: capsule obovate, subpyriform and pendent from a 
 short arcuate pedicel ; teeth short, irregularly bifid at the apex. 
 — Pacif. li. Rep. iv. 187, t. 4, excl. var. 
 
 Hau. On rocks, California; common. 
 
 The lid, calyptra and annuhis, and tlie general facies are the same in 
 this species as in tlie two preceding. G. trichopliylln lias the stems 
 longer, less crowded and more slender, the leaves flexuous, the capsule 
 prominently ribbed when dry, and longer flexuous pedicels, while G. 
 Olneyi has the leaves canaliculate-concave, not recurved on the borders, 
 and linear-lanceolate from an ovate base. 
 
 Subgenus V. GUEMBELIA. 
 Plants erect. Leaves open, not crispate when dry, solid, 
 generally hair-pointed, flat on the borders. Calyptra mitrate 
 and five-lobed, or oblique and more highly split on one side, 
 thus appearing half-cucullate, half-mitrate, or distinctly cucul- 
 late. Capsule erect on a straight pedicel, exserted or rarely 
 immersed, regular, not costate. 
 
 * Cali/ptra lobate-mitrate. 
 •I- Flowers monoecious. 
 
 19. G. Donniana, Smith. Plants short, small, whitish 
 green, pulvinate : leaves soft, pale green, blackish brown when 
 dry, the lower small, lanceolate-acuminate, the upper much 
 longer, narrowly lanceolate, gradually tapering into a long 
 nearly smootli diaphanous hair-point ; borders slightly thicker 
 toward the apex ; perichaetial leaves longer, with the hair-point 
 
Grlmmla.] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 as long as the Inmiiin : capsule subexserted, small, thin, oval or 
 oblong, yel owish, with a short conical obtuse orange-colored 
 lid ; teeth nearly entire, or slightly perforated toward the apex, 
 reflexed when dry ; annulus broad, of . triple row of cells, j)er- 
 sistent. — Fl. Brit. iii. 1198; Bryol. Eur. t. 249. 6^. obtusa, 
 Schwaegr. Suppl. i. 88, t. 25 ; 3Iuell. Syn. i. 790. 
 
 Var. CUrviseta. Pedicel longer, flexuous. 
 
 Hab. Oil rocks, White Mountains {Oakes, James); the variety at 
 Monitor, California (Laphain)] Yakima River, Cascade Mountains ( Wat- 
 son). 
 
 20. G. GoloradeusiS, Austin. Pulvinate-cespitulose ; the 
 stems 1 cm. long or less, fastigiately branching: leaves sub- 
 erect, lanceolate or sublingulate, carinate, muticous or the 
 upper hyaline-apiculate, more or less thickened on the borders ; 
 areolation very minute, dense, somewhat pellucid, a little larger 
 at the base ; costa slender, vanishing far below the apex ; peri- 
 cha3tial leaves erect, broader, loosely areolate at base, often 
 sabdenticulate on the borders, long-hyaline, mucronate, serrate, 
 costate to below the apex : capsule on a very short straight pedi- 
 cel, globose, with a broad orifice ; teeth pale red, short, broad, 
 subcribrose at the apex, spreading open when dry, incurved 
 when moist ; lid and calyptra not seen. — Coult. Bot. Gaz. ii. 
 109. 
 
 Hab. Colorado (Tirandegee). 
 
 The autlior says that this species is one of the smallest of the genus. 
 The absence of tlie lid and calyptra renders the relations of this moss un- 
 certain. The characters of the leaves and areolation, the form of the 
 capsule, and the peristome are those of G, Donninnn, var. elomjatn, whose 
 leaves are muticous or shortly hyaline-apiculate; but the pedicel is long. 
 
 21. G, ovata, Web. & Mohr. More robust than the lr*st, 
 pulvinate or subcesi)itose : lower leaves much smaller than the 
 comal ones, ovate, lanceolate-acute, the comal oblong-concave 
 and reflexed on the borders in the lower part, narrowly lanceo- 
 late and carinate above, tapering to a somewhat long nearly 
 smooth hair-point ; perichtetial leaves larger, sheathing : cap- 
 sule distinctly exserted, oval or oblong-ovate, of thick texture, 
 light brown ; lid obliquely and obtusely short-beaked ; teeth 
 long, split to the middle into two unequal segments, or lacerate 
 and cribrose in the upper part, purple, spreadin_ when dry; 
 annulus broad. — Ttin. Suec. 132, t. ii, fig. 4; Schwaegr. Suppl. 
 i. 85, t 24 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 254. 
 
 
 
 
 1 m 
 
I f Iflpf' p 
 
 144 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Orimmia. 
 
 t* 
 
 t 
 
 
 ii^^i 
 
 Var. afflnis, Bruch & Schinip. More robust: capsule 
 lartje, with sliorter pedicel, scarcely exserted : leiVes witli a 
 longer hair-point. 
 
 Hab. Top of Mount Marcy, New York (Lesquereux); Western 
 Nevada ( [Vutaon)', Twin Lakes, Colorado ( IVolftt Ruthrock); the variety 
 at Sante Fe, New Mexico (Fendler), and in the Kooky Mountains (E. 
 Hall). 
 
 •♦- -i^ lowers dicecioKS. 
 
 22. G. Pennsylvanica, Schwaegr. Plants robust, rigid, 
 tufted or more or less widely cespitose, dark green : stem-leaves 
 lanceolate, gradually acuminate, submuticous, enlarged, con- 
 cave, and reflexed toward the base ; perichajtial leaves longer, 
 tapering into a short rough hair-point : cai)sule nearly im- 
 mersed on a pedicel not half its length, oblong-ovate, smooth 
 when dry; lid conical-rostrate, erect; teeth purple, broadly 
 lanceolate, sj)lit and cribrose above; annulus large. — Suppl. 
 i. 91, t. 25 ; Sulliv. Mosses of U. States, 37, and Icon. Muse. 
 68, t. 43 ; Sulliv. & Lesq. Muse. Bor.-Am. Exsicc. n. 138. 
 
 Had. On rocks, hills and mountains of the central and southern sec- 
 tions; common. 
 
 23. G. Calyptrata, Hook. Plants larger, in dense loosely 
 adhering glaucous-green whitish tufts : lower leaves gradually 
 smaller, lanceolate, short, with a short pellucid point, the comal 
 and perichoBtial much longer, lanceolate from an oblong slightly 
 broader base and tapering into a rough hair-point reaching 
 higher than the top of the capsule ; borders flat or slightly re- 
 curved : calyptra campanulate-mitriform, irregularly rugose, 
 plicate, 5-C-lobate, covering the capsule nearly to its base : cajv 
 sule on a pedicel equalling it in length, oblong-oval, smooth 
 when dry, slightly constricted under the broad orifice ; lid coni- 
 cal-rostrate ; teeth lanceolate, very cribrose nearly to the base ; 
 annulus none. — Hook, in Drumm. Muse. Amer. n. 60 ; Sulliv. 
 & Lesq. Muse. Bor.-Am. Exsicc. n. 139 ; Sulliv. Icon. Muse, 
 i. 69, t. 44. Guembelia calyptrata^ Muell. Syn. i. 775. 
 
 Had. Rocky Mountains, California, New Mexico, etc. ; not rare on the 
 western slope. 
 
 24. G. leucophsea, Grev. Stems rather stout, in wide 
 silver-gray tufts : lower leaves very small, ovate-lanceolate, 
 acuminate, without hair-point, the upper oblong-lanceolate, con- 
 cave at the lower part, prolonged into a long very rough hair- 
 point, decurrent, plane on the borders, narrowly costate ; peri- 
 
Grimmia. ] 
 
 BRYACEiE. 
 
 145 
 
 clia?tial leaves half-sheathiiifif, erect : capsule incliuled, eUii»tieal 
 or broatUy oblong, contracted at the mouth, smooth when dry, 
 brown ; lid conical at base, short, obtusely beaked ; teeth *2-ii- 
 cleft to the middle or cribrose below, pui pie, spreading; when 
 dry ; annulus large. — Wern. Trans, iv. 87, t. 0, and Scot. 
 Cryi)t. Fl. t. 284 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 257. 
 
 II Au. On flat dry sandstone rocks, in large patches; common In the 
 southern and middle sections, and In California. 
 
 * * Calijptra cucuUate : Jtoieers divecious. 
 
 25. G. COmmutata, Ilueben. Tufts loose, blackish green ; 
 stems slender, long, decumbent and naked below when old : 
 lower leaves very small, lanceolate, loosely imbricate, the upper 
 abrui)tly much longer and tufted, open, curving up from the 
 middle, concave at base, nearly tul)ulose above, with a short 
 nearly smooth hair ; perichaitial leaves broader, pale, the inner 
 broadly sheathing, linear-lanceolate above, with a longer 
 pellucid hair : calypti'a descending to the middle : capsule in- 
 cluded, broadly oval, thick ; lid acuminate from the conical 
 base, or short-beaked, acute ; teeth 2-8-cleft to below the middle, 
 or nearly entire and lacunose, purple, spreading when dry; 
 annulus very broad, dehiscent. — Muscol. Germ. 185; Bryol. 
 Eur. t. 256. Dryptoilon oiiatus^ Brid. Bryol. Univ. i. 202. 
 Gnembelia ovalis^ Muell Syn. i. 774. 
 
 Hab. California (Birjelovo), and Monterey ( Watson); Chippewa Falls, 
 Wisconsin (Lapham). 
 
 26. G. montana, Bruch & Schimp. In short compact 
 tufts, similar in aspect to G. ovata ; tufts smaller : leaves ovate- 
 oblong at base, lanceolate above and passing into a pellucid 
 hair variable in length, very concave, plane or erect on the 
 borders : capsule oblong, brown, thin, subexserted upon a short 
 straight or slightly flexuous pedicel ; lid short-beaked ; teeth 
 short, irregularly split, cribrose above, spreading-recurved when 
 dry; annulus none. — Bryol. Eur. t. 250. Gnembelia montana, 
 Hampe, Bot. Zeit. iv. 125. 
 
 Var. brachyodon. Tufts smaller: leaves with a shorter 
 hair-point : lid shorter, broadly conical, mamillate or with a 
 short obtuse beak. — G. brachyodon, Austin, Bull. Torr. Club, 
 vi. 45. 
 
 Var. truncata. Capsule ovate-globose ; lid short-conical ; 
 teeth truncate. — G. Jamesii, Austin, 1. c. 43 ; Watson, Bot. 
 
 i 
 
 II 
 
 m 
 
 t : 
 
 H.ii 
 
 ':MM 
 
 '■. m 
 
 I 
 
 >'f>j 
 
 im 
 I a 
 
 > « 
 
 7 • 
 
 y 
 
 
 
 l^JIiy. AJLtll'ilUMH 
 
146 
 
 BRYACEiE. 
 
 [Orimmla, 
 
 rW 
 
 iiiii 
 
 Calif, ii. 378. G. orbicularis, James, But. King Exp. 403 ; not 
 Bruch & IScliimp. 
 
 IIah. On schistose rocks and granite boulders, Mission Dolores, Cali- 
 fornia {liolundrr, Hvewer, Lap/turn); in Nevada, in the Bltterroot Moun- 
 tains of Western Montana and Idaho, and on Kettle Kiver, British America 
 ( WdlHon). 
 
 The areolation, texture and conformation of the leaves In both the 
 varieti<^s are the same as In the normal form; the tufts only are smaller 
 and the hair-points generally shorter. But Schlmper remarks (Syn. 2d ed., 
 2<{4) that he has received specimens from Norway with smaller tufts and 
 the leaves shortly hair-pointed. Austin describes the calyptra of G. 
 Jamexii as cucuUate-campanulate, slightly unequally lobate at base. It is 
 indeed large and cucullate, but merely undulate not distinctly lobate at 
 base, or the same as In G. montana. The teeth are generally truncate by 
 maceration in var. hrachyodon; but In well-preserved speclmeus they 
 have exactly the characters of the European form. The greater and only 
 marked diiference is in the shorter lid, but this is not a constant char- 
 acter, as in some of the well-preserved American specimens the lid is 
 obtusely rostrate and only slightly shorter, as it is shown in Bruch & 
 Schimper's figures of the species. 
 
 27. G. alpestris, Schleich. Plants in compact glaucous 
 green tufts : leaves gradually larger from the base of the stem 
 upward, lanceolate from an oblong base to a nearly smooth pel- 
 lucid hair-point, concave and canaliculate ; borders plane ; outer 
 ])erichaitial leaves broad, the inner shorter and narrow : calyj)- 
 tra large : capsule oblong-cylindrical, emergent on a short 
 straight pedicel ; lid convex, conical-obtuse ; teeth nearly 
 entire, somewhat lacunose toward the apex ; annulus compound, 
 persistent. — Nees & Hornsch. Bryol. Germ. ii. 139, t. 21 ; 
 Bryol. Eur. t. 251. Guembelia ulpestrisj Harape, 1. c. ; JVIuell. 
 Syn. i. 772. 
 
 Had. On rocks at Fort Colville and Pend d'Oreille Lake (Lyall); 
 Utah ( Watson). 
 
 Mitten remarks (Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 20) that all Lyall's specimens 
 are very dark green, but otherwise the same as the European form. 
 
 * * * Calyjjtra cucullate-lobate : dicecious. 
 
 28. G. unicolor, Grev. Plants widely cespitose, dark 
 green or black ; stems slender, naked and decumbent below : 
 leaves erect-spreading, imbricate when dry, linear-lanceolate 
 from an ovate base, blunt or obtuse or thicker at the apex : 
 calyptra long-rostrate, mitriform-cucullate : capsule erect, oval- 
 oblong, emergent on a thick somewhat long pedicel ; lid long- 
 beaked, straight or curved ; teeth orange, very closely articu- 
 
Racomltrlum.] 
 
 BRYACEvE. 
 
 147 
 
 latf, loiig-lacerate or split to below the middle, erect when dry ; 
 niinuliiH very broad, of a triple row of cells. — Scot. Crypt. Fl. 
 t. 128; Hryol. Eur. t. 200. 
 
 IIaii. Uocky Mountains ( Dnimmnnd) ; Bear lliver Gap, Wliito Moun- 
 tains {./limes) 'y Nipogon River, Lake Superior (^1. Smitli); Tluuider Bay 
 (Macoun). 
 
 47. RACOMITRIUM, lirid. (PI. 2.) 
 Plants generally of large size, widely and loosely ces|)itose, 
 scarcely radiculose, branching by dichotonious innovations, 
 simple and fastigiate or fasciculate by lateral nu)re or less un- 
 equal branchlets. Leaves close, nearly equal, not tufted at the 
 top of the stems, long-lanceolate, muticous or piliferous, canalic- 
 ulate-concave, recurved on the borders ; cells close, minutely 
 quadrate in the upper part of the leaves, sinuous, linear 
 and long in the lower part. Flowers (Vuecious. F'ruit acro- 
 genous or from secondary short branchlets. Calyi)tra conical 
 at base and mitriform-subulate. Capsule oblong-cylindrical, 
 naiTowed at the orifice, mostly erect. Lid narrow, subulate. 
 Teeth of the peristome long, irregularly 2-3-cleft to below the 
 middle or divided into two filiform nodose nearly equal seg- 
 ments, erect, rarely spreading when dry. Annulus compound, 
 revoluble. 
 
 Subgenus I. CAMPYLODRYPTODON. 
 
 Plants regularly dichotomous, prostrate. Cells minute and 
 rounded above, linear toward the base : costa narrowly two- 
 winged above on the back. Pedicel arcuate. Teeth long, bifid 
 to near the base. 
 
 1. R. patens, Hueben. Plants olive-green, fragile, in wiae 
 loose flat tufts : leaves open, long-lanceolate, muticous ; costa 
 subpereurrent : capsule inclined or pendent, emergent, oval, 
 yellowish brown, red at the orifice ; lid straight or obliquely 
 rostrate ; teeth purple, papillose ; membrane orange ; aimulus 
 very broad. — Muse. Germ. 199; Schimp. Syn. 226. Urt/iim 
 patens^ Dicks. Fasc. Crypt, ii. 6, t. 4. Tn'c/iostomwn patens^ 
 Schwaegr. Suppl. i. 151, t. 37. Dryptodon patens^ Brid. Bryol. 
 
 ii 
 
 if 
 
 4 
 
 Ii 
 
 4 
 
 '(:?•* 
 
 
 
 
 
148 
 
 BUYACE^. 
 
 [Racomltrium. 
 
 UmIv. i. VJ'2. Grimmia patens^ Bruch & Schimp. Bryol. Eur. 
 t. 24(5. 
 
 IIah. IJotwoon Fort C^olvllle and the Rocky Mountains IDrummoml, 
 Lyall); on rocks, White Mountains {James). 
 
 I ill 
 
 SuiujENUs II. DUYPTODON. 
 
 Plants fastlgiatt'ly branching ; innovations Hini]»le. Cells 
 quadrate or oval above, generally erosc, very narrowly linear 
 and sinuous at the base. 
 
 2. R. aciculare, lirid. X^oosely and irregularly ccspitoso, 
 bright or dark green, rigid, naked below : leaves more or less 
 turned to one side, oblong at base, lanceolate, obtuse, entire, or 
 the upper marked at the apex by a few small distar.t hyaline 
 teeth: c:Misule oblong-cylindrical, brown, erect; lid long, nar- 
 rowly su>>ulate or acicular-beaked ; tee*li cleft to below the 
 middle. — IJryol. Univ. i. 219; Bryol. Eur. t. 2G2. Jin/um 
 aciculare^ Linn. Sj). PI. 1118. Grhnmia acicularis, Muell. 
 Syn. i. 801. 
 
 Hah. Wet rocks, waterfalls in mountains; not rare. 
 
 3. R. depressum, Lescp Plants yellowish brown, in wide 
 loosely com] tressed tufts ; stems very long, scarcely branching : 
 leaves loosely imbricate, appressed when dry, open and homo- 
 mallous when moist, broa<lIy ov.ate, dilated and semi-aurided at 
 the decurrent base, lanceolate above, obtuse, entire or slightly 
 distantly denticulate at the apex ; costa flat ; cells of the auri- 
 cles quadrate or broadly equilateral, more or less granulose, the 
 basilar linear and continuous, the upper broadly ovate : capsule 
 subcylindrical, not narrowed .at the orifice, immersed on a short 
 pedicel scarcely half as long as the lateral fruit-bearing irmova- 
 tions ; teeth rarely bifid, mostly trijjartite witli unequal free or 
 cohering smooth scixments. — Mem. Calif. Acad. i. 14. 
 
 Hau. Falls of the Yoseniite {liolander). 
 
 The species resembles in size and color It. protensnm, var. catoracta- 
 rum, but differs in the broader and larger leaves inclined to one side, 
 more obtuse and generally denticulate, as in li. aciculare, the thin base 
 somewhat enlarged into a narrow auricle, whose reticulation is broad- 
 quadrate like that of a Dicranum. The wide-mouthed capsule is nearly 
 exactly cylindrical, sometimes slightly curved; the teeth are more irregu- 
 larly divided than in li. protensum, and the articulations more distinct. 
 
 4. R. Nevii, Watson. Related to Ji. acictilare in the color 
 of the plants and form of the leaves, but differing essentially 
 
'( "I 
 
 Racomltrlum.] 
 
 liUYXCEM. 
 
 149 
 
 ill tho short j)o<li('('l, and tho (juadrato aroolation (»f the upin'r 
 jMirt of tlic k'avi's; on the otliur hand, in thf whort pfdifi'I of tho 
 narrowly oval or Huhcylindrical oa|»8uk' this spcrii's ri'soinldt'S 
 thu last, from which it differs in the form of tlu- U-avcs, tho 
 color of the i»lants, the more res^nilar division of the teeth of tho 
 )>eristomo, ete. A distinet very fine iiitennediat(> form. — Hot. 
 Calif, ii. 3S1. Gfinunia Xet^iiy Muell., Uegensb. Flora (IHTiJ), 
 Ivi. 488, and Bull. Torr. Club, v. 0. 
 IIau. rortland, Oregon {R. D. Ncciua, 1873). 
 
 SunuExus III. RACOMITIUUM, proper. 
 Plants nodose by short numerous lateral fasciculat..' brandies. 
 Male flowers lateral. Fruit acroi;^enous or suiilateral. Teeth 
 generally divided into two long filiform segments. 
 
 5. R. Sudeticum, Brueh *fe Schimp. Plants loosely cespi- 
 tose, dirty green, slender, naked below : leaves spreading, 
 divaricate, erect when dry, long-lanceolate, gradually acuminate 
 to a short j)ellucid denticulate apex : calyptra nearly smooth at 
 the apex: cai)sule on a short pedicel, very small in coinjiarison 
 to the size of the plants, elliptical or obovate ; lid conical-ros- 
 trate, shorter than the capsule ; teeth ])urple ; annulus large, 
 revoluble. — Bryol. Eur. t. 2G4. Trichostot)nitn Siideticmiiy 
 Funck, Stirp. Crypt. It. microcarpon, Iledw. and Brid., and 
 Gnmmia microcarpa, Muell., in i)art. 
 
 Hah. On exposed rocks; Kooky Mountains (hrummnnd) \ Spokan 
 Falls (Watson)', Alleghany Mountains (Hullivant); Fainnount Park, 
 Philadelphia (James)', Stoney Creek, Pennsylvania (E. A. Uau); Cats- 
 kill and White Mountains, etc, ; not common. 
 
 Easily confounded with It. patens, but distinguished by its more slen- 
 der Gtinis, the upper leaves with diaphanous denticulate points, and the 
 capsule half as large, on a short straight or slightly inclined pedicel. 
 
 6. R. heterostichum, Brid. Tufts more or less extensive 
 ami irregular, grayish green ; plants long, dichotomous, erect or 
 prostrate ; branches somewhat fasciculate : leaves open or fal- 
 cate-secund, long-lanceolate, subulate to a pellucid remotely 
 dentate point, variable in length, more or less plicate : caly)>tra 
 papillose at the apex only : capsule elliptical or obovate, thin, 
 slightly constricted under the orifice when empty, yellowish 
 brown ; lid erect or curved, subulate, half the length of the cap- 
 sule ; teeth variable in length ; annulus large, yellow. — Muse. 
 
 (i 
 
 1; 
 
 n 
 
 ■■I 
 
 |!l 
 
 i'« 
 
 ,-: 
 
 
 
 
 m 
 
 
 
 III 
 
WT" 
 
 150 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 [liacnmttrhon. 
 
 
 ifli 
 
 Kcccnt. Suppl. iv. 70 ; IJryol. Km*, t. 205. Tric/ioatomum hetcr- 
 onfi'r/nnH, II»mI\v. .Muse. Frond, ii. 70, t. 'J5. 
 
 Hah. On nx-ks, Hocky Moimtuliis {K. JIhII)\ Ort'gon (NivIuh); 
 Aliiskii [Kvllnijii); Fort Culvillt! (Li/all). 
 
 riiiiitH viirliiblt! ill tiM! h'liglli uikI tliickiipss of tlio stems, sotnotiiiion 
 loiiti and very Hlt'iuU'i', In tlm Iciivos, wliicli uro «!itlu'r without or with i\ 
 Very Hliort pclliiciil point, and in the cupsule, wlilch is sometiiuus very 
 niiuill and piMlictdlnto. 
 
 7. R. fasciculare, Hrid. 1. c. Stems lon<;, prostnito, dirty 
 
 procn or brownish ; brMiiclu's iiodoHc, with fascicidato whort 
 
 lir.'nichh'ts : leaves siireadini;, incurved or reeiirvecl, narrowly 
 
 lanceolate, linear from an ovate base, mnticous at the apex: 
 
 calyptra j)a|tillose to near the base : ca|)sule oval or oblcjng, 
 
 Holid, on a thick ]iedicel; lid subulate-a<'ute, shorter than thu 
 
 capsule, crenulate at base ; teeth nearly re<^ularly split their 
 
 whole leny;th into two fililVum nodose sei^ments ; annulus larj^e. 
 
 — llryol. Kur. t. '207. Trivhostornmnfasciculave^ Schrad. Spicil. 
 
 Fl. (term. 01 ; Schwaejjjr. Sujipl. i. 155, t. HH. 
 
 IIaij. On rooks, Alli'ghany Mountains (Snllivant)\ foot of Mount 
 Marcy, New York; Wliile Mountains; Alaska, etc. 
 
 8. R. varium. Very similar to the last, but differing in 
 its larger size, the leaves ovate-lanceolate, obtuse or the upper 
 with a short entire hair-point, the costa percurrent, basilar cells 
 of the borders few, oblong-rectangular, the lower long, con- 
 fluent, crenulate, the medial oblong with transverse walls more 
 distinct, the upjier round-<iuadrate ; perichaetial leaves short, 
 broadly ovate, convolute : capsule long-pedicellate, shining, the 
 subulate lid nearly as long ; teeth very long, narrow. — Grim- 
 Diia (Jihaco?nitriu)ii) varia^ Mitten, Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 21. 
 
 II All. British Columbia (Li/uU, Donylas); Observatory Inlet. 
 
 The author remarks that the leaves are Intermediate between those of 
 if. fasciculare and II. canescens, wanting, however, the loosely areolate 
 auricles at the base of the latter, and that the moss needs further observa- 
 tion, but can scarcely be considered as a form of R. fasciculare. 
 
 9. R. microcarpum, Brid. I.e. Plants smaller than in the 
 last, ramulose-nodose : leaves crowded, spreading and diversely 
 curved or falcate-secnnd, more enlarged at base, lanceolate 
 to a short diaphanous serrulate point; cells of the whole 
 lamina linear, nodulose : capsule small, cylindrical-elliptical 
 or somewhat club-shaped, thin, soft, yellowish brown ; lid short- 
 beaked ; annulus large, re voluble. — Bryol. Eur. t. 268. Tricho' 
 stomum microcarpum, Fuuck, 1. c. 
 
liiicninlti'liim.] 
 
 DUYACK.K. 
 
 ir>i 
 
 IIaii. .>[(>iMt rockn In mniintnlns; All<>Kliany Moiiiitains (Sitltifiiuf)', 
 Wliitf Moiiiituiiiit (./«//Jt'«); Oi't'guM {lliill)\ ('(I'lir d'AleiM) Luko, liliilio 
 
 ( WlltHltlt). 
 
 1". R. lanuginosum, Hri'l. Tufts very wide, tliick, uniy- 
 isli white; phiiitH loii<^ !in<l sU'ikUm', (licliotoiiioiiH and niiiuiloso; 
 lateral la-aiielies iitinieroiis : leaves very ejose, loii<;, o|>en, ereet 
 or reeurvetl aii<I t'aleate-seeuii<l at the apex, narrowly eostate, 
 narrowly lanceolate, honh-red from the middle upward liy a 
 pelliieid eiliate-dentate papillose memhrane, u;radiially passim^ 
 into a pellucid more or less deeply ciliate-di'iitate point ; <'ellsof 
 the maruiu very small, jMinctiform, those of the lamina linear, 
 <leeply crenulate : calyptra rouixli at the apex only: capsuUi 
 oMonj^-ovate, solid, with a short rouixh pedicel ; teeth lon<;, 
 rcLfularly hilld ; annulus very hroad. — Muse. Kecent. Suppl. 
 iv. 71); liryol. Kir. t. 'Jo'J. T/'ic/iontotnitni ftfiit/f/i/iosinu, IIe<lw. 
 Muse. Frond, iii. U, t. '2. T. ('aniuf^inxe^ Michx. Fl. Hor.-Am. 
 ii. '1W\ y 
 
 Had. On grunitc rucks in mountains; common. 
 
 11. R. Canescens. Hrid. I. c. I'lants in loose wide flat 
 yellowish ufreeii or whitish tufts; stems erect, dichotomous ; 
 lateral hranchlets short : leaves spreading, curved up or down, 
 often turned to one side, oblong at base, deeply carinate, with 
 borders reflexed from the base to the apex, lanceolate to a 
 pellucid crenulate point or blunt at the apex, papillose over the 
 whole surface : calyptra with a loni; subulate point, rough at 
 the apex only : capsule conical, narrow at the oriHce, angular 
 when dry, coriaceous, on a long purple i>edicel, which is flattened 
 aixl twisted to the left when dry ; Tnl acute or needle-sha|K'd, 
 as long as the capsule, erect or obli(iue ; annulus and jteristome 
 as ii] the last species. — Bryo!. Eur. t. 270, 271. Ti'ichostomum 
 canesce/ts, Iledw. 3Iusc. Frond, iii. 5, t. 8. 
 
 Var. ericoides, Bruch & Schimp. Lateral branches short, 
 obtuse, very numerous, aggregate<l, nodose : pellucid j)oint of 
 the leaves short. — Ii. ericoides, Brid. I. c. 78. 
 
 Var. lutescens. Leaves longer, yellowish, pellucid, the 
 surface mostly smooth or indistinctly papillose ; borders of the 
 hyaline point denticulate (not rugose-impillose) : capsule scarce- 
 ly plicate, not angular when dry. 
 
 Hab. On rocks in mountain districts; the first variety on rocks In 
 arid places, Sitka (Blschoff), and Oregon (Hall)\ the second on shaded' 
 rocks, California {Bolander). 
 
 ■4 
 
 '$ 
 
 
 ■ iill! 
 
 i:! 
 
 h-'il 
 
 Vh 
 
 
152 
 
 WKYACEvE. 
 
 [llvdwlyia. 
 
 48. HEDWIGIA, Khrh. (IM. U.) 
 Sti'iiiM ilicliotoiiioiis aiitl fiiMti^iate-raiitoKt', nuliculoHo at liasc. 
 Lfavi's M-raiikiMl, ))a|iill(mt.> i>s|ii'c'ially uii tiie buck ; cells of the 
 nrcolalioii all in distinct McricH, vt>ry Hinall, (|iia<li'ntc or rcct- 
 nni^iilar, more clon^^atcd nixl HiiMincar in the ini<l<llc of the 
 lamina toward the hasc only. FIowcth •^cinniifonn, nioiKccions. 
 Calyptra conical-niitratc, entire, covcrinj^ the lid only, fii^acions. 
 Cai)sule ^lohoHc, immersed in the ]iericha>tiiim. JJd broadly 
 convex. 
 
 1. H. Ciliata, Khrh. Loosely cesjatose, pale ijreen : leaves 
 Bpreadinir all aronnd, cnrved up nt the npex, or turned to one 
 side, densely imbricate when <lry, concave, oblontj-lanceolate, 
 narrowed to a sliort npex rendered pelluci<l by the absence of 
 chloro)»hyll, crenulate on the bonlers, subdecurrent and yel- 
 lowish at tlie point of insertion ; pericha'tial leaves di.'iphanous, 
 longer-acuminate, flexuous, ciliate on the borders: calyptra 
 smooth or witii a few hairs: capsule globose, li<rht brown, red 
 attheoriHce; collum short, inflate*! ; lid jilano-convex with or 
 without mamilla. — Ilann. Maijaz. 17><1, 1(H); Iledw. Muse. 
 Frond, i. 1(K>, t. 40; Hryol. Eur. t. 'JTli, liT.'J. Jirj/ton viUutnui, 
 Dicks. Crypt. Fasc. iv. G. J*ihtric/inni ciluituin^ Muell. Syn. 
 ii. 104. 
 
 Var. leucophSBa, Scliimp. More robust and more densely 
 falcate: leaves broader, without chloroj»hyll, pellucid two-thirds 
 of their leuLjth. 
 
 Var. secunda, Schimp. Stems slender, lonj^, prostrate : 
 leaves less crowde<l, seeund, with a sliort pellucid ]>oint. 
 
 Var. viridis, Schimj). Leaves bright greer. to the apex or 
 nearly so. 
 
 Var. striata, Schimp. Leaves plicate, reflexed on the 
 borders, yellowish green : lid convex-conical. 
 
 II AH. On rocks; very common, and variable according to the localities. 
 Var. rirUl'm is not rare on tlie perpendicular face of large boulders of 
 sandstone or granite in shaded or humid places. 
 
 1 liili 
 
 49. BRAUNIA, Bruch & Scliimp. 
 Plants widely cespitose, diffusely branching, stoloniferous. 
 Leaves, areolation, and inflorescence as in Hedwigia. Calyptra 
 
itraunla.] 
 
 UUVACE.K. 
 
 liia 
 
 lurms ououUalo, ilcwi'iulln;; to tho nrhMle or to tlio l>a«o of tlii' 
 ca|>«iilt', Ioiitj-lK'aki'(l, siiiootli, fusroiis. (.^ipMulf loni;-|i»'tIici'llat(', 
 narrowly i'lli|itual, rt'j;\ilar, NiibiiicurviMi, with a short «)h('oiru'al 
 •lifHiU'nt colhim, ran-ly Miih^lohosc, with a narrow orilicr, witlo- 
 nioutheil whon (loopcrculato. 
 
 Si n.ji:MM r. psErnonKArxiA. 
 
 Lcnvos (liaphanouH at tho apox, not plicate; arcolation (piad- 
 ratc> on thi; bor<U>rs, (>Kin;^at(.><l, linear or i'(|Milati>ral in the 
 nii«l<lU>, fusit\>rfn toward the apex, papillose on the \n\vk. C'a)>- 
 Hule lon^-pedieellate, pyril'onn or turbinate; liil Hhort-conical, 
 niamillate. 
 
 1. B. Californica, Lesq. Plants in loose tufts, diversely 
 mneh divided ; branches erect, julaceous, Ljenerally thicker at the 
 a]iex, simple or divided into short branchlets, sonietinicH tla;;el- 
 late : leaves appressed when dry, spreadini^ when moist, suIh 
 decurrent at base, from oblontf to broadly (►vatc, narrowed into 
 n pellucid more or less elonujate*! erenulate tlexuous npex ; 
 borders reflexed : capsule lateral by elongation of the branches, 
 pyriforni, distinctly necked, truncate and enlarixe<l at the orifice 
 M'hen empty. — Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. xiii. H; Sulliv. & Lesq. 
 Muse. IJor.-Anu'r. Exsicc. (eil. 'J), n. 2"J() ; Sulliv. Icon. Mumc. 
 Suppl. 41, t. 27. 
 
 Var. pilifera. Leaves more abruptly acuminate into a 
 pellucid point : capsule more enlarired at the orifice when dry, 
 and more distinctly plicate. — JItdii'i(fi<i jnllfeni., Mitt. Juurn. 
 Linn. Soc. viii. 45. 
 
 II An. Motaiiiorphic rocks in the nioimtiiiiis of California; Monto 
 Diablo, etc. (linl<tudi'r)\ tlje variety on roclts, Vancouver Island (Lyall). 
 Comnjon on tlie Pacific Coast and very variul)le. 
 
 Modified as tlie genus is liere it includes botli the genera UcdwifihVmm 
 and Itraxinia of Bruch & Scldmper. In the description of li. Californica, 
 Sullivant (Icon. Muse. Suppl. 41) riglitly remarks tlmt this species <loes 
 not fall naturally into any of the genera of Schinjper's Ifeilwif/iarrn; ; 
 tliat it has tlie sliort plicate capsule of Ili'du'ifiidiinii, and very nearly its 
 calyptra and operculum, the long pedicel of liraunia, and son>ewl>at the 
 Bame shape of leaf and areolation; but tliat the genus lirnunin differs espe- 
 cially in its long smooth elliptical capsule, the long operculum and calyj)- 
 tra, and the leaves opaque, not pellucid to the apex. Tlie moss described 
 above has also a degree of affinity with Ilcdwiyia, but a difference equally 
 
 I 
 
 ^m 
 
fimw' 
 
 1 
 
 lili 
 
 154 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Coacinodon. 
 
 Avoll marked in some of the characters, especially in the long pedicel ami 
 the leaves rellexed on the borders. It differs from hraunla in the form 
 of the capsule, and the leaves not plicate, but papillose on the back. The 
 Jli'dwhjica', like the Cinclldoteie, are cladocarpous mosses, the tlowers 
 being terminal on short lateral branches. Mueller places them in the 
 Jlypimceiii as species of VUotrichuiu or Neckera, while Mitten refers 
 them to the Leucuduuteoe. 
 
 Triiie V. ORTIIOTRICIIE^. 
 
 Plants tufted. Stems (lieliotomously fastiglate by innova- 
 tions, sliort and erect, or long, creeping and decumbent witli 
 short erect flowering branchlets. Leaves equal except at the 
 base of the innovations, reflexed or squarrose when moist, sub- 
 imbricate or cirrate-crisj)ate when dry, terete-costate, opaque, 
 minutely pajiillose; areolation minute, puncliform, chloro- 
 phyllose in the upi)er part, hyaline, longer and narrow or 
 rectangular-hexagonal in the lower. Calyj)tra mitriform, sub- 
 cylindrical, furrowed or plicate,, generally hairy (inflated and 
 cucullate in Amphoridium and Drurimionclia.) . Capsule on an 
 erect pedicel, immersed or emergent, symmetrical, erect, often 
 striate. Lid straight-beaked. Peristome simple or double, 
 rarely none, the outer of 8 bigeminate broadly lanceolate teeth, 
 or of 16 geminate flat teeth distantly articulate (bifid to the 
 base in Ptychoinitrium) ; the inner of 8 or 16 free cilia. 
 
 50. OOSOINODON, Sprengel. (PI. 4.) 
 Leaves pilif<'rous, loosely reticulate at base, not crispate. 
 Calyptra covering the capsule to the base or to the middle. 
 Lid very large. Teeth of the peristome broadly lanceolate, dis- 
 tantly articulate, generally very cribrose, rarely entire, granu- 
 lose, dark purple. 
 
 1. 0. pulvinatus, Spreng. Dioecious: plants densely 
 tufted, glaucous or whitish green : leaves oblong and concave 
 at base, plicate in 'he middle, lanceolate to a pellucid slightly 
 denticulate hair-point : caps ..le ovate, somewhat emergent, nar- 
 rowed to the pedicel, wide-mouthed when empty ; lid nearly as 
 
CoBcinoJnn.] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 155 
 
 lonuf as the capsule ; toi'tli more or less cribroso, reflexed when 
 tl,.y. _ pymleit. Stud. Crypt. 2S1 ; I Jryol. Eur. t. '2iU). Grimmia 
 cn'hrosa, Iledw. Muse. Frond, iii. 75i, t. 31. C criOrosus, Spruce ; 
 Muell. Syn. i. 70.'). 
 
 II AH. Alaska {llttrrlnfitoii). 
 
 ii. 0. Wrightii, Sulliv. Very small, densely tufted, dirty 
 or wliitisli green : leaves closely imbricate, broadly oval or 
 obovate, concave, si>oon-sbaped, erose-denticulate from below 
 the apex, rapidly narrowed to a serrate hair-point twice as long 
 as the leaf and formed by the stout exciirrent costa; basilar 
 areolation loose, pellucid, oblong, that of the upper part 
 smaller and oblong-oval, chlorophyllose in the middle, ])ellucid 
 toward the apex : flowers moncecious, the male on terminal 
 branchlets: calyptra descending to below the middle of the 
 capsule, ])lurii»licate: capsule immersed on a very short slightly 
 curved pedicel, erect, oval-oblong, truncate at base, thin, smooth 
 Avhen dry; lid conical, rostellate ; teeth purple, lanceolate, 
 irregularly 2-8-cleft at the apex, cribrose at the base; annulus 
 large, falling off in fragments. — Mosses of U. States, 38, t. 4, 
 and Icon. Muse. i. 71, t. 45; Sulliv. & Lesq. Muse. Bor.-Am. 
 Exsicc. n. 132. Grimmia Wrightii^ Austin, Bull. Torr. Club, 
 vi. 46. 
 
 II An. On rocks; San Marcos, Texas ( WrUjld) ; Sante Fe, New Mexico 
 (FnuUer)\ Cufion City, Colorado (liramlc'/ee). 
 
 3. 0. Raui. Plants cesi)itose, dirty green : leaves obovate, 
 loosely imbricate or spatul.ite, raj»idly acuminate into a some- 
 what long denticulate pellucid hair-point, ])lane an<l entire on 
 the borders ; costa stout, vanishing below the slightly erose- 
 dentate apex : flowers mona?cious, the male in separate axillary 
 buds near the base of the perichaetial leaves: calyptra large, 
 plicate, covering the capsule to the middle : capsule oblong- 
 oval, rounded or subtruncate at base, thin ; lid with a broad 
 conical beak ; teeth lanceolate, acuminate at the apex, entire, 
 sj)lit merely or perforated here and there on the line of divi- 
 sion, erect when moist, oj>en when dry; annulus broad, per- 
 sistent. — Grimmia (Coscinodon) liaueij Austin, Bull. Torr. 
 Club, vi. 46. 
 
 Had. Colorado (Brandcgee). 
 
 A fine species, separated from the preceding by the leaves nearly entire 
 on tlie borders, the costa vanishing below the apex, the inflorescence, the 
 peristome, etc. 
 
 n%m 
 
 ■ : i 
 
 1- .: 
 
 *: A'' 
 
 i :'m 
 
 
\\ !< '^iifriiir 
 
 156 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 [Ptychomitrium, 
 
 
 
 i 
 •1 
 
 51. PTYCHOMITRIUM, Brueh & Schimp. (PI. 2.) 
 Plants of various size, fasciculate-subcespitoso, branching by 
 simple innovations from the base. Leaves long, often curling; 
 cells of the areolation minute, round or quadrate, opaque in the 
 upi)er part, linear-el lij)tieal or hexagonal-rectangular at base. 
 Calyi)tra covering the capsule to the middle, plicate, naked or 
 8(]uamulose, sublobate on the borders. Cai)side symmetrical, 
 erect, on a long straight pedicel. Lid acicular. Teeth nar- 
 rowly linear-lanceolate, long, divided to near the base into t'.vo 
 subulate free or partly agglutinate rarely entire segments. 
 Annulus large, compound. 
 
 Subgenus I. PTYCHOMITRIUM, proper. 
 
 Plants large, in soft tufts. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, 
 acuminate, dentate at the apex. Capsule single or many from 
 the same perichatium. Teeth equally filiform-bifid. Flowers 
 monoecious. 
 
 1. P. Q-ardneri, Lesq. Tufts dark green : leaves close, 
 oblong, with Ijorders slightly reflexed, lanceolate, acuminate, 
 sharply denticulate above : c.alyptra smooth : caj)sule oval 
 oblong ; lid long, needle-form, persistent ; teeth thick, generally 
 cleft nearly to the base into tln'ee blood-red segments ; annulus 
 compound. — Mem. Calif. Acad. i. 16. 
 
 Hab. On rocks; Dardanelles Caflon, California {Jiolander). 
 
 The species differs from the European P. polyphyllum in its larger size 
 and green color, the leaves shorter, broader, and more acutely dentate, 
 the basilar areolation longer, the upper quadrate and more compact, the 
 shorter pedicel, the pale brown capside longer and with a larger lid, the 
 teeth broader and trifid, the annulus narrower, etc. The male flowers are 
 rarely axillary, but generally placed two or more at the base of the vagi- 
 nule within the perichajtium. 
 
 Subgenus II. NOTARISIA. 
 
 Plants very small, loosely tufted. Leaves shorter, muticous, 
 entire. Capsule solitary, shorter-pedicellate. Teeth narrower, 
 linear-lanceolate and entire, or broader and divided above into 
 two or three unequal segments, spreading when dry. 
 
Ptychomltrium.] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 157 
 
 2. P. incurvum, Sulliv. Plants dark cnet'" or yellowish 
 In'oun wlii'n oUl : leaves erect, slightly incurved when moist, 
 twisted-crispate when dry, the lower very small, gradually 
 larger toward the top of the stems, linear-lanceolate, more or 
 less obtuse, thick, opaque, j)lane on the borders ; costa broad, 
 vanishing with or below the ai)ex; perichaatial leaves sunilar: 
 male buds axillary or dadogenous : calyptra mitriforin, cover- 
 ing the capsule to below the middle, sjdit and plicate to the 
 base of its long beak : capsule oval, erect ; teeth 10, long- 
 subulate, distantly articulate, entire, papillose. — ^fosses of U. 
 States, 35, and Icon. Muse. G3, t. 3!). Weissid incurva^ 
 Schwaegr. 8u]>]>l. ii. 51, 1. 110. I*, jifisilhim^ liruch & Schimp. 
 Loud. Journ. IJot. (1843) ii. 005, not IJryol. Kur. ; Sulliv. Muse. 
 AUegh. n. 135. Grbnniia Ilookeri^ Drunnn. Muse. Anier. 
 n. 01. 
 
 II Au. On exposed rocks, especially samlsloiu'; Eastern New York, 
 and southward to Georgia; very coiuinou in Soutlieru Ohio; Canada, near 
 Niagara Falls (l)riunutond). 
 
 3. P. Drummondii, Sulliv. Larger than the last and 
 more loosely tufted, ihe leaves more ojten, spreading and re- 
 flexed when moistencil, lanceolate, more distinctly ficute and 
 denticulate-serrate on the borders : j)eristonie attached far be- 
 low the orilice of the capsule, the teeth shorter, joined in ])air8, 
 closely articulate, split at the apex into two or three irregidar 
 short segments ; animius wanting, and sj)ores larger. — Mosses 
 of U. States, 30, and Icon. Muse. 05, t. 40. (^ immia Dram- 
 mondii^ Hook, tfc Wils, ; Wils. in Hook. Journ. IJot. vl'^^1) iii« 
 90, t. 3, and iv. 422, t. 25, B. 
 
 Hah. On trees, from b^ ithern Virginia and Tennessee southward. 
 
 4. P. pygmSBUm, Lesij. & James. Plants very small, 
 olive-green leaves close, spreading when moist, twisted when 
 dry, linear Iroin the more enlarged ovate base, muticous, dark 
 green, smool ; costa vanishing far below the apex: ma!" 
 flowers axillary in buds at the base of the pericha3tium : calyj*- 
 trn large, covering the capsule to its base : capsule on a shoi i 
 re<ldish pedicel, oval, with a coUum one-third as long as the 
 s])orangium ; teetli nearly equal, linear-subulate, papillose, red- 
 dish, joined in jjairs at base, some connate their whole length ; 
 articulations indistinct. — Proc. Am. Acad. xiv. 130. 
 
 IIah. On stones (?) uear the Neosho River, Kansas, aud at Bolivar, 
 liissouri (£. Ilall). 
 
 V I ' ■ 
 
 I »: 
 
 I 
 
 Si I 4 '.I S 
 
 ^ Ml 
 
 ^ 'It 
 
 
R n B't'irr!!"'^ 
 
 158 
 
 BRYACEiE. 
 
 [Gli/phomltrlum. 
 
 ,i,s 
 
 This species, the sinallost of the genus, is distinct in its small size, the 
 obscure arcolatiun in the upper part of the leaves, the cells hyaline and 
 liexagonal at the base, the well-ujarl.ed neck of the capsule extending one- 
 third of its length, and the teeth united in pairs, entire or agglutinate their 
 Avhole length. 
 
 52. GLYPHOMITRIUM, Brid. 
 Plants very small, siinplo or si)aringly branched, tufted. 
 Leaves ovate and lanceolate, o|)a(|ue ; pericluetium long, the 
 inner leaves sheathing nearly to the apex. Flowers moncecious, 
 axillary. Calyptra large, descending to below the base of the 
 caj)sule, many times sjtlit and plicate. Capsule globose, solid, 
 erect, on a somewhat long pedicel. Lid conical-acuminate. 
 Teeth of the ]>eristome IG, lanceolate, very entire, a])iiroximate 
 in pairs, with hyaline borders. Annulus none. Spores large. 
 
 I. G. Canadense, Mitten. Leaves lanceolate, tapering to 
 an acute or blunt point, the borders recurved from the base to 
 the middle ; cells oblong near the base, narrower at the angles, 
 gradually becoming round above ; ]>ericha»tial leaves very 
 broadly ovate, convolute, short-apiculate : calyi>tra rugose at 
 the apex : capsule oval, on a short pedicel 5 or 6 m.m. long. — 
 Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 21. 
 
 ITab. Britisli America (iJruminond). 
 
 Resembles tl;e Euroiiean G. Dameti'd, but differs in the oval capsule, 
 the sliort pedicel, and the shorter stems. 
 
 63. AMPHORIDIUM, Schimp. {V\. 2, as Zygodon.) 
 Plants soft, yellowish or dirty green above, black or brown 
 below. Leaves soft, carinate, cris])ate when dry. Flowers 
 monoecious or di(Ecious ; jjcrichajtium sheathing. Calyptra 
 cucuUate, small, fugacious. Capsule short-pedicellate, without 
 peristome, contracted under the orifice, urceolate when dry and 
 empty. 
 
 1. A. Lapponicum, Schimp. Monoecious: stems brittle, 
 2 to 4 cm. long : leaves lanceolate, acute, the upper longer, 
 spreading or curved back when moist, crispate when dry, 
 bright green when young ; costa vanishing below the apex : 
 male flowers in axillary sometimes aggregate buds : capsule 
 
 \ 
 
Amj)ho>-idlum.] 
 
 BKYACE.E. 
 
 159 
 
 emevLfont, brown, redilish-striato, oval, with an Inflated ni'ck 
 nearly as lonjj; as the s])orangtuin ; pedicel short, i)ale. — Syn. 
 247. (jt/m)u>stotnH>n Jjupponicuni^ Iledw. Muse. Krond. iii. 
 10, t. T). Zi/(jodon AappoHicntiy JJrueh & Schirnp. liryol. Eur. 
 t. 200 ; Sulliv. Mosses of U. States, 32. 
 Had. Fissures of rucks ; most abundant in the mountains. June. 
 
 2. A. Mougeotii, Sehimi*. Differs from the last in its 
 larger more pulvinate tufts, the plants slii^htly eurlinjj;, yellowish 
 ujreen above, ferrui^inous below, with few radicles : the leaves 
 longer and narrower, with borders recurved toward the base, 
 the periduetial enlarged, not tubulose, sheathing near the base 
 only, narrower; the capsule on a i>edicel twice as long and dis- 
 tinctly emergent, the beak of the lid longer acicular ; and the 
 flowers di(ecious. — Syn. 248. Zi/f/odoii Moiiyeotii, Bruch & 
 Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 20G ; SuUiv. 1. c. 
 
 Hau. White Mountains; Wissaliickon, near Pliiladelphia (James), 
 sterile. 
 
 3. A. Californicum. Ditrcious: i)lants soft and loosely 
 pulvinate, yellowish green above, ferruginous and radiculose 
 below : leaves very crispate and twisted when dry, spreading 
 and flexuous when moist, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, 
 deeply canalieulate-cariuate ; costa excurrent ; borders revolute 
 below, flat and remotely sharply denticulate above ; upj)er areo- 
 lation minute, quadrate, not inflated ; perichuitial leaves nar- 
 rower and more acute, not sheathing, slightly subrevolute on the 
 borders : capsule small, oval, urceolate, subexserted on a short 
 somewhat arcuate pedicel : male j)lants stouter. — Zi/godon 
 CidifornicuSy llampe ; Muell. Bot. Zeit. xx. 301 ; Lesq. Trans. 
 Amer. Phil. Soc. xiii. ; Sulliv. Icon. Muse. Suppl. 47, t. 32. 
 
 Hab. On shaded rocks; San Jose Valley, California (Bauer)', Darda- 
 nelles Caflon, etc. (Bolander)\ near the British boundary (Lyall). 
 
 The fertile plants had not been discovered by Ilampe, who considered 
 the inflorescence as probably dicpcious. 
 
 4. A. Sullivantii. Plants long, slender, flexuous, in loose 
 intricate yellowish brown tufts, beset with a few bundles of 
 radicles sometimes attached to the apex of the leaves : leaves 
 remote, rocurved-spreading, lanceolate from the slightly decur- 
 rent base, concave, entire, with borders reflexed up to the 
 middle, comi>licate, distantly serrate upward ; costa pei-cur- 
 rcnt : flowers and fruit unknown. — Zygodon Sullivantii^ 
 Muell. Syn. i. 079 ; Sulliv. Mosses of U. States, 32, and Icon. 
 
 ) 
 
 ll; 
 
 ;■!? 
 
 :; 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 I' ' 
 1 1 ■ 
 
 1^1 
 
 M 
 
 i.4!J 
 
r 
 
 w' 
 
 160 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 [Amphoridlum. 
 
 3Iusc. i. 51, t. 32; Sulliv. & Losq. Muse. Ror.-Aiu. Exsiec. 
 n. 114. Syrrh(^>odon excelsus, Sulliv. Muse. Alkgli. n. 170. 
 
 Haij. Hocks on the top of Giunilfather Mountain, North Carolina 
 {Gray & Sulltcant)', summit of Black Mountains, in same State, on 
 branches and rocks (Lc-ti/ucrcux). 
 
 5. A. CSBSpitOSUm. Mueh like A. Mougeotii in si/.u and 
 aspeet, difteriiig in the leaves erect at base, open aiul incurved 
 toward the apex, gradually acute, distantly serrulate, the basilar 
 cells oblong-rectangular, ovoid in the niid<11e, round above. — 
 Jj'ubjmoOon cfesjyitosus^ Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 18. 
 
 IIa«. Vancouver Island (L/za/i). 
 
 t' ; 
 
 ■i '1. 
 
 ■ ! «(i 
 
 ^ 
 
 54. DRUMMONDIA, Hook. (PI. 2.) 
 In wide compressed tufts, the stems divided into long creeping 
 shoots with very short branches. Leaves crowded. Calyptra 
 large, cuculliform, originally conical, as in Schlotheunia. Teeth 
 of the peristome 10, short, truncate, entire, densely trabeculate, 
 smooth and thin. 
 
 1. D. clavellata, Hook. Tufts dark green, blackish in- 
 side; stems prostrate, naked, radiculose on the lower side the 
 whole length ; branches numerous, short, erect, often prolonged 
 into long creej)ing shoots around the tufts : leaves open-erect, 
 ovate-lanceolate, blunt or acute, concave, firm, costate-sulcate 
 to near the aj)ex ; areolation dense, punctiforin ; perichietial 
 leaves similar: flowers ditrcious, terminal or lateral by innova- 
 tions: calyptra inflated, somewhat plicate at base, reaching to 
 the base of the cai)sule : capsule terminal on short erect 
 branches, short-pedicelled, ovate-globose, microstome, thin, 
 quite smooth ; lid obliquely rostrate ; annulus none. — Drumm. 
 Muse. Amer. n. 62 ; Muell. Syn. i. G87 ; Sulliv. Mosses of L^. 
 States, 32, and Icon. ]\Iusc. 52, t. 33. Macromitrium^ Schwaegr. 
 Giimnostomum prorejiGus^ Iledw. Spec. Muse. 35, t. 3. 
 
 Had. On trees; Northern and Middle States; common. 
 
 55. ULOTA, Mohr. (PI. 2.) 
 Leaves long, lanceolate, flexuous, erispate and twisted when 
 dry ; cells at the middle of the concave base linear and chloro- 
 phyllose, enlarged and hyaline on the borders. Flowei-s monce- 
 
Ulota.] 
 
 BRY\CE^. 
 
 161 
 
 cioiis, the male gommiform. Calyptra yellow, deeply split at 
 base, ohtust'ly plicate, j^enerally covered with long flexiious 
 yellowish hairs. Capsule exserted, narrowed into a long 
 colliun, twisted to the left when dry. — Weissia, Ehrh. 
 
 # Primary stems creepimj : leaves scarcely crispate xchen dry. 
 
 1. U. Drummondii, Hrid. Tufts yellowish green : leaves 
 linear-lanceolate from an ovate l)ase, the comal longer : male 
 flowers axillary : calyptra somewhat hairy : capsule exserted on 
 a long pedicel, ovate-clavate or fusiform, obscurely H-sulcate, 
 light hrown, distinctlv 8-costate to the base when old ; lid coni- 
 cal-acun>inate, whitish at the a|>ex, yellow at base; teeth !♦), 
 whitish. — liryol. Univ. i. 291). Orthotrichnm Drummondii, 
 Grev. Scot. Cryjtt. Fl. t. 115; IJryol. Eur. t. 210. Wtissia 
 DrummondU,, Lindb. Muse. Scand. 28. 
 
 IIab. Canada (Dnoiimond). 
 
 We have been unable to find tills species in any of the sets of Druin- 
 mond's mosses, though Schiniper mentions it as sent from Canada by 
 Drunnnond. Like the following it is distinct from all the other species 
 in its long creeping stems, and from U. Liulwtyii in its more robust 
 habit, the form of the capsule, etc. 
 
 2. U. Ludwigii, Brid. Stems somewhat creeping or de- 
 cumbent: leaves linear-lanceolate, plane or slightly undulate on 
 the borders, oj)en when moist, slightly twisted when dry : cap- 
 sule clavMte-pyriform, thin, yellowish brown, abruptly contracted 
 and plicate at the orifice when deoperculate and dry; teeth 
 erect when dry, close, whitish, with irregular fugacious frag- 
 ments of an internal membrane as cilia. — Muse. Recent. Su])j)l. 
 iv. 112; Schimp. Syn. 254. Orthotrichum Ludwiyii, Urid. 1. c. 
 ii. 6 ; Schwaegr. Supi)l. i. 2. 24, t. 51 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 225 ; Sulliv. 
 Mosses of U. States, 34. Weissia coarctata^ Lindb. 1. c. 
 
 II An. Small trunks and branches of trees; common in mountainous 
 regions. 
 
 * * Leaves cirrate-crl spate inhen dry. 
 
 3. U. CUrvifolia, Brid. 1. c. Tufts loose, yellowish bro>\Ti 
 or black ; stems erect from a decuml)ent base : leaves linear- 
 lanceolate, acutely carinate, plane on the borders, densely papil- 
 lose: calyptra deeply lobate, pale: capsule small, shorter- 
 pedicellate, ovate, striate, costate to the base when dry ; teeth 
 bigerainate, separated to the middle, lacunose at the apex ; cilia 
 
 m 
 
 f, 
 
 i 
 
 i 1 
 
w 
 
 162 
 
 BIIYACE.E. 
 
 [riotn. 
 
 8, of a <lo»l)U» row of ci'lls, t'(|U!il in Unijth. — Orthotrichntn 
 cnrrifolhuH, Wahl. V\. Laitp. ilG;] ; lir^ol. Eur. t. 220. Weissia 
 VHt'ri/itllit^ Liiidl). I. e. 
 
 Hah. Caiiiula {Dntuimonil, fi»l«' Soliiinpcr). 
 
 As ill lilt! ciiH*' of U. Dntnunonilil, wu luiV(> bofiii unable to And this 
 spccifs ill any of uiir sots uf Druuinioiid's inossos. 
 
 4. U. Bruchii, Ilomscli. Lojivos liiicar-liincoolatc from an 
 t'lilari^cd ovate concavo base, loufx, Ht'xuous, twiistod wlu'ii «lry ; 
 pcrichii'tial Icavi'S cMvct, sulcato loiii^tliwise at baso; basilar 
 cc'IIh loni^ and narrow, vermicular, thit'k-walU'<l ; those of tlie 
 bonlors fnlarj^od, ({ua(h'ate: calyptra deeply split, very hairy: 
 capsule exserted on a long i)edicel, oval, long-neeked, H-striale, 
 ])yriform and narrowed at the orifice when empty ; teeth long, 
 bigeminate, reHexed when dry ; cilia 8, rarely 10, Hliforni, as 
 long as the teeth, or when 10 alternately longer and shorter. — 
 IJrid. Jiryol. Tniv. i. 794. OHhotrichum coarctatum, and O. 
 ililatatuhi, Hrueh & Sehimp., Bryol. Eur. t. li'27. O. Jiriichii, 
 Wils. Bryol. IJrit. 18H, t. 45; SuUiv. Mosses of U. States, 84. 
 ^Vcissia Urut/iii, Lin<lb. I. c. 
 
 Ham. White Mountains ((hikes); Upper Canada (/)rfo»»<oH<Z). 
 
 Similar to O. criximin, hut more robust, tlio leaves less erispate, rather 
 twisted when dry, the capsule larger, contracted and narrowed at the 
 mouth when dry. 
 
 5. U. Crispa, Brid. Tufts soft, yellowish green on the 
 outside, ferruginous within : leaves sinnlar to those of the last 
 8i)ecie8, erispate when dry : calyptra very hairy : capsule oval, 
 with a verv long collum descendiiiijc to near the base of the 
 short pedicel, constricted under the orifice, much lengthened, 
 fusiform, deeply sulcate when dry and emj)ty ; teeth 8, con- 
 fluent, rarely separated into 16, lanceolate ; dividing line dis- 
 tinct ; cilia 8, stouter and shorter than in the last. — Muse. 
 Recent. Stippl. iv. 112. Weissia ulophylla^ Ehrh. Beitr. i. 191. 
 Orthoti'ichum crispum, Hedw. Muse. Frond, ii. 96, t. 35; iiryol. 
 Eur. t. 228 ; Sulliv. 1. c. 
 
 Var. minor. Plants smaller ; leaves subovate at base. — 
 U. intermedia^ Sehimp. Syn. (ed. 2) 305 ? 
 
 Hab. Trunks and branches of trees on mountains; not rare. The 
 variety near Lake Huron, British America (Drummond, n. 153). 
 
 6. U. Americana, Mitt. Differing from (7. crispa only in 
 its shorter stem, the leaves twisted-crispate (not appressed- 
 twisted, as described by the author), the base of the leaves sub* 
 
Ulota.] 
 
 BRYACE.f:. 
 
 103 
 
 oval, not i^onerally as onlari^i'd as in f. crinp't, rcsoniWliim in 
 that point those of (/. criKpuln. — Journ. Linn, ^•o('. viii. 'Jli. 
 
 II All. Luke Iliiruii (Todd)\ Uritish America (Dniininund, u. l'>',\, wllh 
 17. llriirhii). 
 
 As ooiiipleting the diagnosis of the speoies, the author says that the 
 cells in the iiiiildle of the lanceolate part of the leaves nuiiiher tiu'ee 
 wltlilii the thousandth part of an ineh, and only two in T. rrhi><i, and 
 two and a lialf in U. crisimlii. In the plants wc have examined from 
 Drununond's sets, the correspond iny eells of U, iiiittrirtnid are gen»'raily 
 hroader than in U. crlspd. The horders of the leav«'s also are flat and 
 entire, not recurved nor suherose as descrlhed hy Mitten. Six'cimens are 
 fre(|uently nuich ndxcd in the Drunnnond sets, and it appears that in our 
 sets, at least, n. \M merely represents a variety of C crinim, apparently 
 the U. interiiiediu of Sehimper. 
 
 7. U. Crispula, lJri<l. Dit'fcrinjjf from f\ rri,spn in its 
 
 smaller size, the green color of the tufts lu'coniinj^ fc'rrMi>inous 
 
 or brown witii age, the leaves a little shorter and Inoader, more 
 
 twiste<l-oris)>ate when (h*y, the capsule slnnter and with shorter 
 
 neck, thin, more narrowly striate, pale yellow, shortene<l pyri- 
 
 form-truncate and o])en-inout'ie<l or slightly contracted ninler 
 
 the orifice when dry and empty, and in the shorter teeth. — 
 
 Bryol. Univ. i. 793. Orthotrichum crispiihoH, IJruch; JJryol. 
 
 Eur. t. 228 ; Siilliv. Mosses of U. States, 34. Weinsfa crisjndi^ 
 
 Lindb. 1. c. 
 
 II A«. With the former, hut more connnon; plains and hilly districts 
 of the middle and northern zones. 
 
 8. U. phyllantha, Brid. Densely tufted, greenish brown : 
 
 leaves long, linear-lanceolate, much twisted and beautifidly cir- 
 
 cinate ; costa percurrent, often thickened and bearing at the 
 
 apex an agglomeration of small brown articulate cylindrical 
 
 bodies: flowers and fruit unknown. — Muse. Hecent. Sujtjd. iv. 
 
 113. Orthotricfmm phyllantlmm^ Steud. ; Bryol. Eur. t. 223. 
 
 0. fasciculare^ LaPyl. ; Brid. Bryol. Univ. i. 790. Weissia 
 
 'phyllantha^ Lindb. 1. c. 
 
 IIab. Trunks of trees, Oregon {E. Hall)', Vancouver Island ( Wood); 
 Newfoundland {LaPylaie). 
 
 ♦ # ♦ Leaves striate^ rigid. 
 
 9. U. HutchinsiSB, Schlmp. Tufts greenish brown ; plants 
 erect, brittle when dry : leaves close, imbricate, rigid when dry, 
 erect, slightly open when moist, oblong-lanceolate, acute from 
 the ovate base ; borders reflexed : calyptra very hairy : capsule 
 on a more or less long pedicel, gradually narrowed to a long 
 
 MM\ 
 
 .( 
 
 in 
 
 -m 
 
 » ■■? 
 
 S iiJi 
 
 y I 
 
164 
 
 BIIYACE.E. 
 
 [llota. 
 
 colliim, oval, H-.strlati' its whole lonijth, 8.|)lirate when dry, 
 ycllowisli, i;ra<lually iiarrowinj^ to tlit* orillco wIk'II 'Iry; tci'tli 
 H, lin('ai'-Iaii('t'<)lati', hii^i'iiiinato, entire or hitid at the a|)ex, re- 
 flexed wIh'M dry; cilia H, a little Hhorter than the tet'th. — 
 C'oroll. 41. (Jrt/iotnc/iuin America ttntn,, Heauv. I*r<)dr. HO. O. 
 . J/Ktc/iifiniffi, Smith, Eiit^d. Hot. t. 'jr)'2:j ; Hryol. Kur. t. ii'iC); 
 Siilliv. MosseH of v. States, H4. Weisaia Amcricaua^ Lindb. 1. e. 
 
 Ham. On ^ruiiltc rocks in tlu; mountains, coninion. 
 H>. U. Barclay!, Mitt. Plants short, loosely cespitose, 
 yellowish brown : leaves ereet, open when moist, appresse<l 
 when dry, obovate, coneave at base, lanceolate, acute or acumi- 
 nate, cariiiate, jdane on the borders; costa vanishinuf below tho 
 apex ; upper cells anj^ularly round, smooth, the lower oblontj, 
 hyaline: calyi)tra conical, with a few short hairs: capsule 
 broadly oval, passing down to a long pedicel, thicker in tho 
 u|)]>er part; teeth 8, bigcninate, with 15 or IG articulations, 
 linear, punctulate ; cilia 8, narrow, as long as the teeth. — 
 JoikHi. Linn. Soc. viii. 2G; SuUiv. Icon. Su])i)l. 75, t. 50. 
 
 IIah. Sitka (/^//v;^<y). 
 
 Similar to Orthotrlchum Jnponicum, Sulliy. & Lesq., in Rogers North 
 Pacif. Expl. £xped., and the two may represent varieties of one species. 
 
 66. ORTHOTRICHUM, Iledw. 
 
 Plants pulvinate, rooting at base in the axils of the branches. 
 Leaves striate when dry ; cells of the areolation round-hexago- 
 nal or oval, more or less chloroj^hyllose, minutely papillose or 
 rarely smooth in the upper part, the lower larger, hexagonal- 
 rectangular, hyaline. Flowers generally monoecious, the male 
 in 8e])arate lateral buds. Calyptra cam[)anulate-mitrate, split 
 and carinate-plicate at base, deej^ly sulcate at the apex, hairy or 
 naked. Capsule generally immersed, 8-16-striate, rarely smooth 
 when dry. Peristome simple or double, the outer of 8 bigem- 
 inate or of 16 geminate teeth, the inner of 8 or 16 cilia. Annu- 
 lus none or vc^y narrow. — Dorcadion^ Adans., in Lindb. Syst. 
 
 ♦ Plants of medium size : leaves solid, striate : capsule more 
 or less exserted ; peristome simple. 
 
 1. O. anomalum, Hedw. Stems erect, mostly simple : 
 lower leaves distant, the uprer densely crowded, open, ovate' 
 
Orthotrichum.] 
 
 BIIYACE.E. 
 
 1G5 
 
 lanccolute, rcvoliitc on the honlcrs, distltu'tly papilltw ; Imsi- 
 lar arcotiition n'ctanjxular, tlu' upper roinnl-hi'xat;()iial : <'alyptra 
 Wirty brown, liairy : ea|»niile exserted (»n a i-oniparativi-ly loiii^ 
 pi'<lict'l, ovate-ol)l(Hi^, iiidistiiu'tly KUstriate, eoiistrictiMl in the 
 niidtUe when dry ; teeth liijht yellow, ereet when dry ; cilia 
 none or riulitnentary. — Muse. Frond, ii. lO'J, t. 37; IJryoh 
 Eur. t. 'JIO. <>. futwati/e, IJrid. Hrvol. I'niv. i. 27'). 
 
 IIaii. Oil liiiifsloiiK rocks; Niauiirii KhIIh; Siilt'iii, Muss.; Ontario, 
 Ciiiiiiila; Hucky MoiiiitaiiiH, «>tr. ; nirt'. A doulitful (orni from tlic 
 Wasliot^ Moiuitaiiis, Nevada {\\'ntMt»i), with thirkcr nion* j)ai>lllost' ami 
 nioH' rt'volutu IcHvcH, clust'r uroolallon, and iiiorc pilo^^*' calyplra, in nicii- 
 tion«(l l»y Janius (Hot. Klnj,' Kxp. 402; Hot. Calif, ii. :{s;{). 
 
 -. O. ISBVigatum, /ett. Like the hist in si/.t* and aspeet, 
 dil't'erini^ in the very hairy ealyptra, the eaitsule not striate and 
 jterfeetly smooth when dry, the teeth very papillose and more 
 eloMi'ly articuhite, with rudimentary cilia, and in the narrower 
 Itasal cells of the leaves. — Schimp. IJryol. Eur. Supjtl. t. li ; 
 James, Hot. Kinix Exj*. 402. 
 
 IIau. I'ali-Ute Mountains, Wostern Xevada ( Wdtnon), 
 
 3. O. CUpulatum, Iloffm. (Jrowing in more or less dense 
 tut'ts, of a dirty jjfreen or brownish color : leaves close, spread- 
 iniij when moist, ohloni^-lanceolate, retlexed on the borders; 
 cells very small toward the apex: ealyptra cami»anulate, shorter 
 and broader than in O. anomaliun^ slightly hairy, pale reddish 
 brown: capsule lialf-emerLjent, globose-ovate, short-necked, IG- 
 striate, the slriie more or less dai'k yellow and alternately short 
 and Ioniser, IG-costate and urci'olate wiien dry aixl em]»ty ; 
 lid )>ale yellow, <leep orani^e at base, short, straiuht-beaked from 
 its convex base ; teeth KJ, free to the base, pale yellow, sj>rea<l- 
 ini; star-like when drv. — Deutschl. Fl. ii. 2(5 ; Hrvol. Eur. t. 201). 
 
 Var. minus, Sidliv. Plants sliort, closely pulvinate, black- 
 ish ijreen: leaves more distinctly revolute on the borders, some- 
 what narrower: capsule shorter. — Icon. Suppl. Gl, t. 44. O. 
 J^escuni, Aust., Muse. A])pal. n. 1G8, and liull. Torr. Club, vi. 
 841. 
 
 Var. Peckii, SuUiv. 1. c. Capsule subovate, 8-strlate : ealyp- 
 tra distinctly hairy. — O. Peckii^ Aust., Muse. Appal, n. 1G2; 
 Peck, Rep. N. Y. Univ. (1873), xxv. 71. O. cupulatwn (?), 
 Drumm. Muse. Amer. (Coll. II.) n. 81. 
 
 Var. Porteri, SuUiv. 1. c. Capsule 8- (rarely 1G-) striate, 
 longer-pedicellate. — 0. Porteri, Aust., 11. cc., n. IGl, and vi. 341. 
 
 
 ! 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 II 
 
 ■ '' 
 
 1 
 
 in 
 
r 
 
 ICO 
 
 IIUYACE.K. 
 
 [Ortliotrlclium, 
 
 
 Var. parvulum, Sulliv. 1. c. Plants of Niutill h'v/.v. \vi\\'vn 
 narrower: ra|tsiil»' S-Mtriatf. — (). pari'iihtni. Mitt. .loiini. I, inn. 
 Soc. viii. -;"». (), StHnnii^ Sulliv. &> \A'Si\, aMumc. Iloi.-Ani. 
 E\f*i<'('. n. 1 17, in part. 
 
 IIaii. Dry rockii, In tlif nii<lill«> diNtrict!!; ('kiiili, Culifoniin lHnhtnilrr); 
 tlio llrst vuri«'ty (III litiicHtoiiu! nxtkH uloii); tlutOlilo Hlwr {l,tHiiinnitx)\ 
 tin- M«M'()ii(| ill Nfw York (I'rrk); lln! third in r«'iiii»ylvanlii ( /'o/'/cr); ihti 
 lust in N>w Mcxiro ( W'linlit). 
 
 4. O. Sturmii, II<>|>|i(> & Ilomscli. TnftH Unh coinitact, 
 P'cfnisli Mack or luuwn: li'avrs open an<l rt'curvcd wlu'n nioint, 
 rcvoliitc on tiic wlioli' niari^in, I'spi'cially wlii'ii <lrv, acutely 
 carinatc; u|ip»'r arcolation (Icnscly papillose, the basilar rect- 
 aii;;ular or vermicular, nodulose near tlie hase, <|ua(lrate-e(|ual 
 at the anu:les: ealyptra very hairy: capsule ininiersed, oval, 
 short-necked, with H very obscure stria*, slightly constricted 
 undi-r the orili«'e when dry and empty, and there H.<'ostate, 
 smooth in the middle; teeth pale-yellow, not as distinctly 
 punctate as in the preci'dinu;, erect, slightly incurved whi'ii dry; 
 cilia none or rudimentary. — Kegensl). Flora (IHIU), ii. HI); 
 13rvol. Kur. t. Ii0!>. 
 
 Hah. liocks, VoHpniito Viilh'y {Itohindcr); Novada ( Watsoi)). 
 
 f). O. Texanum, Sulliv. Plants Inrs^'e, loosely i»ulvinate, 
 brown or blackish jxreen : leaves loosely indtricate, erect-o|)en 
 when dry, spreadinn-recurved when moist, <lee|ily carinate- 
 costato or subplicate from the mid<llc to the apex, line.'ir-lanceo- 
 late ; borders rcHexed all around; upper areohition oj>a(|ue, 
 punctiform, slii,ditly |»apillose ; lower cells Ioniser and oblonir, 
 pellucid: ealyptra loni>;, coverinjjf the eaj)sulo to the b.'ise, very 
 hairy: capsule inmiersed on a short pedicel, oblonsjf-obovate, 
 short-necked, distinctly 8-costate its whole length when <lry ; 
 lid with a short straight beak ; teeth 8 and bii^eminate, or 1(5 
 jxeminate and adjacent in ]>airs, whitish yellow ; cilia 1(5, rudi- 
 mentary and rarely seen. — JNIosses of U. States, 33, and Icon. 
 Muse. 53, t. 34 ; Sulliv. & Lcscj. Muse. Bor.-Amer. Exsicc. n. 
 I'l'l (exdudinii diaufiiosis). 
 
 Var. globosum, Losq. Stems shorter: leaves erect when 
 moist : cajtsule shorter, jiflobose, emergent upon a somewhat 
 longer pedicel, with a brown shining ealyptra. — Mem. Calif. 
 Acad. i. 17. 
 
 Hah. Texas (Wright); New Mexico {Fendler); on rocks, California 
 {Jiolandcr); Colorado ( Wolf JSc JRothrock). 
 
OrUiulrlchuin.] 
 
 HHYA( K.K. 
 
 K57 
 
 Tin* uprclfs \n much llko O. Stunnll, hut <ll(T«'r« In the liirKor pliuits, 
 witli loii^or iiiirrowi'r iixM-f riTiiivt-tl iiiitl Kpt-fiulliiK l*-av«>s, ii lunw hairy 
 Ciilyptni, 11 loiiK*'!' ciiphtilf proiiihifiitly s-rihlM'tl thiiMi^jhuul when tlry, uml 
 »ii liiiirr pcriMtoiitf, tltoii^lt iiioi'i! ui- h-HM ruiliiiifiitary. 
 
 <>. O. Douglasii, Duhy. similar lo O. VrxdHutn, <lil'f(iiiii^ 
 
 ill till' U'iivi's (lisiiiictly rt'voliit*' on llic ImmiIits, tin- u|t|u'r airu- 
 
 latioii |)i'<>iiiiiifiitly pajtillosc, tlu- ralyptra iiioi-c ciilaru:!')! at 
 
 banr, tlu' ('a|»suU' I'xsritcd on a sonu'wliat Iont;»'f )M'(li(i'|, tli«' 
 
 ]i<l lonniT-rostrati', ami in tlii' hliortn* an*l l»n>a<U'r tri'tli willi- 
 
 »mt traci's of cilia. — (ii'iii-v. Soc. IMiys. Mem. xix. liU:{, t. 1, 
 
 * ♦ I'cristome double^ the hukcr of 8 cilia : cajtsule ribbed 
 
 ir/ien dri/. 
 
 7. O. rupestre, SchK'ii'li. IMants lonix, l()os«'ly ccspitosc, 
 (U'cumlu'iit : U'avi's sprcadini;, ri'i'nrvcd when moist, strict, 
 riirid and iml>i'icatc when drv, ol)loiii'-lan('i'oIati', rcvolutc or 
 involnto on tlio bordcrM; ni)|K'r arcolation very small, scarcely 
 distinct, tli(( basilar narrowly rectant^ular, more or less virmicii- 
 lar near tlie costa, minutely p.'ipillose on both faces: <aly|»tra 
 eampaniilate, covered with yellow hairs: capsule «'meru:<'nt or 
 sulu'inerufeiit, broadly ovate, decurrent into a short neck, faintly 
 H-striate, jiale yellow when youiiLT, reddish bntwn when old, 
 truncate when dry or slightly c(»iistricted in the middle, H- 
 ribbed in tlu^ upper part only; lid convex, short-beaked ; teeth 
 16, in pairs, loiii;, close, <listantly punctate, often perforated 
 alonij the dividing line, pale yellow, erect when «lry ; cilia 
 stout, of a <h)ublo series of cells, nearly as long as the teeth, 
 yellowish. — Schwaegr. Su])])!. i. 'J. U7, t. W^ ; IJryol. Kur. t. L>17. 
 
 Il.vn. On locks, Yoscinitc Valley {liolnndvr); Nevada {W'ntmn); 
 Colorado ( Wolf & llolltrock). 
 
 The species varies in its more or h'ss loose or compact tufts, the stems 
 short or elongated, and the calyptra more or less villous. It has the same 
 appearance as O. Stiirmii and O. Tcxanuin, the characters of the peri- 
 stome essentially separating the species. 
 
 8. O. Bolanderi, Sulliv. Plants shorter, cespitose, black- 
 ish green : leaves closely imbricate, recurved-s|)reading when 
 moist, oblong-lanceolate, blunt at the a|)ex ; borders retlexed at 
 the base only; upjyer areolation round, angular or s(|uare, 
 bistromatic, slightly pajiilloso, loose and elongate<l-oval toward 
 the base : calyptra hairy : capsule half-emergent, oblong-oval, 
 8-costate under the orifice, sl.ort-pedicelled and obscurely 
 
 i 
 
mm' 
 
 168 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Orthotrichum, 
 
 necked ; lid rostellatc ; teeth 10, geminate, long-lanceolate, 
 transversely densely punctulat .', lineolate, refleved when dry; 
 cilia 8, rohust, as long as the teeth, of a double row of j)unctatu 
 cells. — Icon. Muse. Sui)i)l. 04, t. 40. 
 
 II All. On rocks, California (Bolamlcr), 
 
 Allied to the hist, differing essentially in the teetli of the peristome, the 
 longer capsule, the histroniatic cells of the leaves, etc. 
 
 0. O. WatSOni, James. Plants loosely cespitose, green, 
 yellowish below; stem simjile or rarely divided : leaves soft, 
 open, retlexed when moist, lanceolate from the more enlarged 
 erect base ; borders rovolute all around ; uj)per areolation with 
 long bifurcate papilhc: calyptra moderately hairy: cajjsule 
 short-pedicellate, emergent, oval, without a neck, distinctly cos- 
 tate when dry, . iid constricted under the broad orifice; lid 
 short-beaked ; teeth smooth, distantly articulate, closely con- 
 nate in pairs, yellowish white ; cilia stout, of a double row of 
 cells, punctate. — liot. King Exp. 401 ; SuUiv. 1. c. 73, t. 54. 
 
 IIah. Damp shaded rocks, West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, at 
 5,500 feet u< Itudo ( Waison). 
 
 Allied to o. "^^xnnuia, differing in its color, in the broader, softer, 
 more reflexed leaves, the long forked papilliw, the peristome, etc. 
 
 10. O. afflne, Schrad. Tufts loose, dark green : leaves 
 open or slightly recurved, lanceolate-acuminate, very i)apillose; 
 borders refiexed all around : calyj)tra conical-mitrate, greenish, 
 with few si)are short hairs, covering nearly the whole sjmran- 
 gium : capsule of a thin tissue, emergent, narrowly oval, de- 
 fluent into a coUum nearly as long as the sjwrangium and 
 covering the pedicel at its base, sulcate and elongated when 
 dry, pale yellow, its stria? slightly darker-colored ; lid convex, 
 roste:iate, pale j How ; teeth bigeminate, sometimes split along 
 the divisural line, pale yellow ; cilia 8, filiform, as long as the 
 tt'eth. — Spic. Fl. Germ. 07 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 210. 
 
 IIah. Trunks of trees, Lake Superior (Afjamiz). 
 Tlie species is easily confounded witli the following, thougli very dis- 
 tinct in its nearly iiaked calyptra, its smaller size, shorter pedicel, etc. 
 
 11 O. alpestre, Ilornsch. Tufts comjtact, brownish 
 green : leaves lanceolate, deejdy carinate, revolute and minutely 
 crenulate on the bore ers ; upjier areolation minutely punctate. 
 pai>illose, loose, linear or ecpiilateral, partly chlorophyllose at 
 base : calyptra nearly smooth, covering three-fourths of the 
 capsule, pale yellow, turning blackish at the apex : ca])sule 
 
Orthotrichum.] 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 169 
 
 emergent, oval or sllglitly obovatc, broadly striate, uroeolate 
 when empty an«l dry ; teeth connate in pairs, perforated at the 
 apex, punctate; cilia as long as the teeth. — Schimi), CoroU. 
 42 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 213. 
 
 Var. majus. iVIore robust, glaucous green : leaves broader, 
 retlexed on the borders; cells with longer simple or double 
 ])apilhe: teeth longer, entire, minutely punctate. — (J. aljte.stre, 
 var., Sulliv. Icon. Muse. Suppl. CD, t. 51. O. occufenUik., James, 
 Bot. King Hvp. 402. 
 
 IIau. Upper Canada, to the Rocky Mountains (/>>rH»i»a>H'/); Utah, 
 ( WatHon). 
 
 12. O. SpeciOSUm, Nees. Plants longer than in the last, 
 yellowish green: leaves ch'se, open, reciu'ved when nu»ist, 
 densely verrucose, long-lanceolate, com))Iicate in tlie upper 
 part ; borders revolute all around : caiyptra large, campanulate, 
 covering nearly the whole capsule, densely covered with yellow 
 flexuous hairs: caj)sule thin, cylindrical-oblong, pale yellow, 
 narrowed into a short collinu and comparatively long-j»e<licelled, 
 generally emeigent, smooth when em])ty or merely narrowly 
 costate near the orifice, obscurely 8-plicate when dry ; teeth 
 bigeminate, ])erforated at the apex ; cilia generally 8, rarely 16, 
 yellowish, densely paj>illose, more or less sinuous, composed of 
 two rows of large cells. — Sturm, Deutsch. V\. ii. 17; Uryol. 
 Eur. t. 217. O. eleyans^ Schwaegr. ; l^ichards. Frankl. Karr. 
 A})p. 28 ; Mitten, Journ, Linn. Soc, viii. 24. 
 
 Var. polycarpum. Stem-leaves very short, erect, ap- 
 pressed, dark green, most of them with male flowers in the 
 axils; comal leaves longer: caiyptra dark brown, deej)ly pli- 
 cate, slightlv hairy. 
 
 Var. Raui. Stems shorter : capsule exserted on a longer 
 ])edicel ; teeth j)ellucid, distinctly articulate ; cilia longer 
 (always ?) than the teeth. — O. Jiauei, Austin, Bull. Torr. 
 Club, vi. 343. 
 
 II AB. Trunks of trees; plains and mountains. Widoly distributed 
 and extremely variable; the varieties in the mountains of Colorado (Hull, 
 lirandegee). 
 
 O. ek'fians, Schwaegr., is one of the numerous varieties of this species, 
 diifering from the normal form in the smooth capsnle and the stems more 
 slender and shorter. O. Ihtiaeskti, Aust. 1. c. 342, is another lorm of it, 
 differing merely in the short and less numerous hairs of the capsule. Tlie 
 specimens were collected on rocks in Colorado by Mrs, Mary P. Taines. 
 We have seen no specimens of var. liaui. 
 
 w 
 
 I 
 i 
 
 I' 
 
 illl: 
 
 'm 
 
 M 
 
 m 
 
 : I ^ 
 
 yM 
 
lifWWff^ 
 
 170 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 [Orthotrichum. 
 
 13. O. Hallii, Sulliy. & Losq. Plants small, loosely ces])!- 
 tose; stems simi)k', divided by basilar innovations: leaves 
 sj>reading, linear-lanceolate, blnnt at the apex ; borders revo- 
 lute from the base to the middle; nj)i>er areolation dense, with 
 round ])a])illose cells; jteriduetial leaves similar: calyptra large, 
 slightly hairy, covering the capsule to its base: ca])sule sub- 
 immersed, oval, OK a short thick pedicel entirely covered by the 
 tube of the vaginule, distinctly 8-costate when dry and slightly 
 contra(!ted uiuler the orifice; lid conical, apiculate; teeth 
 whitish, in ]»airs, ver nilose ; cilia shorter, slender, fugacious. 
 — SuUiv. Icon. Muse. bui)pl. 08, t. 45. 
 
 II AB. On treps; Rocky Mountains (E. Hall). 
 
 14. 0. SOrdidum, HuUiv. & Lesq. Plants short, loosely 
 cespitose, brownish green: leaves close, sj)reading, the u]»per 
 open, erect, linguiate-lanceolate, gradually narrowed to the 
 apex, r'3tle.\ d or revoiute on the borders, irregularly quadrate- 
 areolate and piipillose in the uj)per part; basilar cells quad- 
 rangular, longer and linear near the costa: calyptra slightly 
 villous: capsule inunersed, obovate, defluent from a slightly in- 
 flated short colluni to a short pedicel, plicate-costate when dry, 
 enlarged at the orifice; lid convex, short-beaked; teeth l)igemi- 
 iiate, broadly i>erforate from the middle upward along the 
 dividing line ; cilia 8, smooth, nearly as long as the teeth, of a 
 double row of cells, enlarged at base. — Aust. Muse. Ai)pal. 
 n. 168 ; Sulliv. Icon. Muse. Sup])l. 07, t. 49. 
 
 IIau. On trees, generally in wooded swamps; Mass.acluisetts (LisquC' 
 reux, Jiimes)', New York {Autitin). 
 
 15. O. Kingianum, Lesq. With the aspect of 0. Itpvi- 
 (/atum, from which it differs in the leaves merely reflexed on 
 the borders, not revoiute, with the basal areolation longer and 
 narrower, the calyptra with thin scattei-ed hairs, the ca])sule 
 scarcely emergent on a shorter ])edicel, longer, cylindrical when 
 empty, the ]ieristome double, the imier of 8 stout cilia, com- 
 posed of a double series of cells. — JVIem. Calif. Acad. i. 18 ; 
 Sulliv. Icon. Muse. Suppl. 74, t. 55. 
 
 IIab. On rocks, near the Falls of the Yosemite (tiotanilcr). 
 
 * * * Plants sinall, one cm. long, or less. 
 
 16. O. Ohioense, Sulliv. & Lesq. Plants more or less 
 widely cespitose, yellowish green above, dirty brown within ; 
 
Orthotrichum.] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 171 
 
 stems .'ibout one cm. loncj, brancliiiig by innovations : loaves 
 elose, s|>rea<linuj when moist, oblong; at base, laneeolate, blunt 
 at tlie apex, revolute on tlie bor<lei's, smooth on both faces; 
 areolation (Mstinet, the upjKT cells small, round, the lower 
 larger, (juadrangular near the border, gradually longer toward 
 the costa : calyptra more or less hairy : capsule oblong-ovate, 
 very shortly pedicellate, innnersed, slightly inHate<l at the 
 collum, defluent into the vaginule, jtale yellow, ))yriform-cam- 
 j)anulate and distiiu-tly S-striate when dry and empty; teeth H, 
 bigeminate, thickly punctulate ; articulations distant, 5 to 7 ; 
 cilia shorter than the teeth, of a double row of cells. — IMusc. 
 Am.-Bor. Kxsicc, cd. 2, n. 181 ; Sulliv. Icon. ^NIusc. Suj)pl. 06, 
 t. 48. O. ('<(/i(((/('/i.<ie, Sulliv. & Les(i. ]Musc. IJor.-Ani. n. 121; 
 Sulliv. ]Mosses of l". States, 84. 
 
 Var. citrinum. Leaves dark green, narrower : capsule thin, 
 yellow. — O. citroiurfi, Aust., Muse. Api)al. n. 170. 
 
 IIaij. On tiees; Ohio mil Middle States, roinnioii. 
 
 lleseiubles the two fol'owiiig species, but it is a little larger ami easily 
 known hy the sluiw-coloied ciipsule not constricted under the oritice, the 
 whitish culyptra, and the dirty reddisli teeth. 
 
 O. Canadknse, Bruch & tjehinip. (Lond. Journ. I3ot. ii. 607), based 
 on Dninun. Muse. Ainer, n. 141) and 101, is not recognizal)le among the 
 specimens in our sets of Drunnnomrs mosses, and remains a doubtful 
 species. It is cliaracterized as dilTering from O. iiatens in its smaller cap- 
 sules, longer pedicels, and rusty red-colored teeth. 
 
 17. O. fallax, Schimp. Plants very snudl : leaves oblong 
 to above the middle, lanceolate to a sharply acute point ; cells 
 of the uj»per areolation round, intiated, the basilar broadly 
 rectangtdar, sinuous; ])erichaitial leaves shorter: calyj)tra nearly 
 naked, broadly canii)anulate : caj)side immersed, subgloljose 
 with a short neck, abruptly enlarged from the base aiul truncate- 
 oblong when dry, marked with 8 orange-cohu-ed striie ; teeth 
 8, bigeminate, not easily sej)arating, yellowish, reflexed when 
 dry; cilia 8, short, whitish yellow, of simple cells or of a double 
 row of cells near the base oidy. — Syn. '2()4. 0. pw/iilian, 
 Schwaegr. Supjd. i. 2. 22, t. 50, in part (figs. 6, 11); Bryol. 
 Eur. t. 211. 
 
 Var. truncatulum, Aust. Capsule narrower, oblong, cy- 
 lindrical when dry; cilia as long as the teeth. — Bull. Torr. 
 Clul), vi. .344. 
 
 llAB. The variety at the base of old buildings, Illinois {Hall); rare. 
 
 • 1' 
 
 |l 
 
 li i- 
 
 
 .1 ■■ 
 
 ■:;\ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 tl 
 
 ''i 
 
 l^^ 
 
p '' "^f f p 
 
 172 
 
 BKYACE^. 
 
 [Orthotrichum. 
 
 18. O. brachytrichum, Schimp. Plants sliort, about one 
 cm. long, in pale green tufts, blackish and streaked with yellow 
 when old: lyaves oblong-lanceolate, the upper longer, linear- 
 apiculate, acutely carinate, subrevolute or reHexed on the bor- 
 ders: nuile flowers terminal on separate branches: calyptra pale 
 straw-color, bearing a few short hairs at the apex: cai)sule thin, 
 oblong, subcylindrical in connection with a somewhat long 
 collum, light brown passing to yellow, with 8 dark-colored striaj, 
 ribbed when dry ; teeth 8, small, bigeminate, entire, with large 
 punctulate areoles; cilia 8, smooth, as long as the teeth. — Lesq. 
 & James, Proc. Am. Acad. xiv. 140. O. obtusijblium, Druinm. 
 Muse. Anier. n. 1.57. 
 
 IIab. On trees; Upper Canaila to the Rocky Mountains (Drionmond). 
 
 19. O. Strangulatum, Beauv. Plants very small, in small 
 loose dirty green tufts, half a cm. long : leaves half-s]ireading 
 when moist, linear-lanceolate from an oblong base, angularly 
 pointed or blunt at the apex, revoluto on the borders ; up[)er 
 areolation round, small, close, slightly pa[)illose, long and quad- 
 rangular toward the base ; perichajtial leaves longer, erect, 
 somewhat sheathing: calyptra nearly naked: ca))sule sliort- 
 pedicelled, half-emergent, oblong-obovate, distinctly 8-costate 
 when dry, strongly constricted under the orifice, dirty brown 
 when old ; lid conical, obtusely ai)iculate ; teeth 8, bigeminate, 
 dirty } ellow, granulose, reflexed when dry ; cilia strong, as long as 
 the teeth, formed of a double row of cells. — Prod. 81 ; Schwaegr. 
 Suj)j)l. ii. 2. 38, t. 54; SuUiv. Muse Allegh. n. 128, Mosses of U. 
 States, 33, and Icon. Miisc 57, t. 36. 
 
 IIae. On trees, rarely on rocks; very common. 
 
 * # # * Capsule exserted, lo)f (/-cylindrical when dry. 
 
 20. O. tenellum, Bruch. Plants very small, tufted : lower 
 leaves broadly lanceolate, the upper longer-lanceolate, revolute 
 on the borders, r^cute or blunt; areolation large, not pajdllose: 
 calyptra long and narrow, yellowish green, rarely pilose : capsule 
 emergent, oblong-cylindrical, decurrent to a long collum cover- 
 ing the whole length of the pedicel, broadly reddish-striate, 
 broadly costate and constricted tmder the orifice when dry and 
 empty; lid short; peristome short, the teeth bigeminate, bifid 
 at the apex, pale ; cilia a little shorter, of a double series of 
 cells. — Brid. Bryol. Univ. i. 786; Bryol. Eur. t. 212. 
 
Orthotrichum.] 
 
 BUYACE.E. 
 
 173 
 
 ITab. On trees, at the base of the Rocky Mountains {E. Hall, Wolf 
 & liothvock). 
 
 21. O. COnsimile, Mitt. Plants very small, in loose yel- 
 lowish LjrcH'n tul'ts: leaves ojk'ii, reeurvetl when moist, s(jft, 
 obloni^ at base, jjjradually narrowly lanceolate, with borders 
 revoluto all around, obscurely papillose ; cells rectangular, nearly 
 diaphanous toward the base, round and small in the ui>per part : 
 calyptra with few hairs: capsule without collum, oval, exserted 
 u])on a pedicel lon<ijer than the caj)sule, marked with 8 yellow 
 Rtrije, narrow, subilnear, enlarured at the orifice or urceolate and 
 S-pllcate when dry; lid red-mart;ined, convex-apiculate ; teeth 
 IG, joined in pairs at the base, with 7 or 8 articulations, j)ale 
 yellow, minutely papillose .mi both faces; cilia 8, as lon<^ as the 
 teeth, enlarged at base, smooth. — Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 24; 
 Sulliv. Icon. 3Iu8C. Su])pl. T)*.), t. 48. 
 
 II An. Vancouver Island {LyaU). 
 
 Allied to O. })ulcheUuiit, ditiVring especially in the shorter and broader 
 capsule, tlie teeth papillose, not venuicuhito, the cilia only 8, entirely 
 smooth, and the leaves luiifornily papillose. JYoin (). ci/li)iiIroc(tr]mm it 
 is distinguished by its shorter capsule and somewhat longer jiedicel, and 
 by the soft longer taper-pointed leaves. 
 
 22. O. cylindrocarpum, Lesq. Plants short, slender, 
 loosely ]»ulvinate, dark green : leaves appressed when dry, erect 
 when moist, long-lanceolate from tl>e cnlarge<l base, blunt- 
 pointed; borders revolute to near the apex; u]>per areolation 
 in dense ovate-quadrate minutely ])apilIose cells, basal loose, 
 oblong and (piadrate : caly]»tra large, more or less hairy, covering 
 the capsule to near the base: ca])sule long-pedicelled, cylindrical 
 or narrowly oval, pale green or yellowish, 8-striate, narrowly 
 8-costate when empty ; lid conical-aj)iculate ; teeth 10, close, in 
 pairs, granulose ; cilia 8, stout, of a double series of cells, 
 nearly as long as the teeth. — Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. xiii. 0, and 
 Proc' Calif. Acad. i. 17 ; Sulliv. Icon. Muse. Suppl. 70, t. 52. 
 
 Ham. Hocks and trees, Oakland and Dardanelles Canon (liolamler). 
 
 O. Coitlteri, Mitten (Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 2-')), differing in the leaves 
 a little more distinctly papillose, the calyptra covered witli short appressed 
 hairs, and tlie cilia shorter than the teeth, is evidently a mere variety. As 
 shown in SuUivant's figure, the hairs of the calyptra are always appressed, 
 and the cilia slightly shorter than the teeth, though sometimes as long. 
 This form was sent from California by Coulter. 
 
 23. O. psilocarpum, James. Plants minute, cespitulose, 
 blackish green; stems about 5 m.m. long: lower leaves gradu- 
 
 .1 
 
 I'l 
 
 f 
 
 |i? 
 
 if 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 '■;li 
 
 '•t 
 
 ;:,jjl 
 
 ,f _ 
 
 i||fl 
 
 Mm 
 
 1 
 
pp 
 
 174 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 [Orthotricfntm, 
 
 II I! 
 
 ally Ioniser from the base upward, oMoiig-lanceolatc, apic late at 
 tlie blunt ajK'x, the Ijorders revolute ; arcolation coinpai tivdy 
 loose, the upper cells round, i^raiiulose and minutely j)apiil(>se, 
 the lower quadrate near the borders, (juadrani^ular-oblonLj near 
 the costa: caly|)tra laru;e, nake<l : capsule subiininersed, broadly 
 oval or globose, cyUndrical-oblong when empty, thin, with a thin 
 whitish epiearp, not striate nor plicate; li<l i>lano-convex, obtuse; 
 teeth 10, geminate, granulose; cilia 8, short, very slender. — 
 Trans. Amer. Phil. h>oc. xiii. 110; Sulliv. <fc Lesq. Muse. Bor.- 
 Am. Exsicc, ed. 2, n. ISO ; SuUiv. Icon. Muse. Suppl. 08, t. 50. 
 O. pusillnm, Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 25? 
 
 IlAn. Pennsylvania, on poplars, ami Massaclmsetts {James); South 
 Carolina (Raveuel). Early sprinsj. 
 
 A very fine distinct species. O. piislUtim, Mitt,, is described as liaving 
 the capsule 8-plicate when dry. This does not agree with the characters 
 of O. psilocarjnnii, hut specinjens connnunicated by the author do not 
 differ. Specimens of O. i>nilocarpum, with a description, were distributed 
 by James as early as 1858. 
 
 24. O. exiguum, Sulliv. Plants extremely small, in loose 
 dark green tufts; stems five m.m. long, simple or fastigiate- 
 Lranching: leaves linear-oblong, obtusely acimiinate, open, erect, 
 sliglitly recurved on the borders, punctiform-areolate and mi- 
 nutely pa|)illose in the upper part; basilar cells loose, quadran- 
 gular or ((uadrate-oblong : flowers dia'cious; male plants gennni- 
 form, terminal in smaller jdants than the fertile : calyptra naked, 
 or rarely with a few apjircssed hairs: capsule subimmersed, 
 oblong-oval, broadly and obscurely costate, truncate at the 
 broad orifice; lid hemispherical-apiculate ; peristonu^ double, 
 the outer of 10 geminate teeth, the inner of 8 lanceolate cilia, 
 broader than the teeth, white, ])unctulate, comj)()sed of a double 
 scries of cells. — Mosses of U. States, 33, and Icon. Muse. 55, 
 t. 35. 
 
 Hab. Base of trees, Santee Canal, South Carolina ( Itavenel). 
 
 ^ nf iif ii^ n? Outer peristome of 10 teeth., the inner of % or 10 
 cilia ; capsule not ribbed., smooth ichen dry: plants large: 
 fowers momecious. 
 
 25. O. leiocarpum, Bruch & Schimp. Plants of me<lium 
 size, loosely fasciculate, cespitose : leaves o}»en, reciu'ved when 
 moist, ovate at base, long-lanceolate above, the borders revo- 
 lute, and surface jiapillose : calyptra campanulate, with fev- 
 hairs: capsule short-pedicellate, immersed, its collum detluent 
 
Orthotr.'chum,] 
 
 BIIYACE.E. 
 
 175 
 
 to the sliort-nakod va^iimk', ovate, soft, pale yellow, smooth 
 when eini»ty and sHi;htly contracted un<ler the orifice; teeth 
 linear, separatinjjf alonjjj the dividing line or bifid, revolute when 
 dry; cilia 1(5, <leeply erose, ])unctulate, yellow. — Bryol. Eur. 
 t. li'20. O. striatuitt^ Iledw. IMusc. Frond, ii. 1)1), t. 30, in part 
 (fi<,'. 9). O. Ro<jeri, Sulliv. Mosses of U. States, 33. 
 
 II AB. On trees in the woods. Upper Canada {t)rxmi\nond)\ Lake 
 Superior ( Jyasx/z). Very rare in America. 
 
 20. O. pallens, Bruch. Plants in soft j>ale prreen tufts : 
 leaves soft, oblong an«l long-lanceolate, blunt or acuminate, the 
 borders revolute in the mid<lle, slightly recurved at the base 
 and apex ; areolation papillose : calyi)tra conical-camj)anulate, 
 j)ale, naked: capsule oblong, with a collum as long as the 
 sporangium, yellowish, broadly darker-striate ; cilia 10, some- 
 times 8, yellowish, very thin, as long as the dark yellow teeth. 
 — Brid. Bryol. Univ. i. 788; Bryol. Eur. t. 218. O. Rogeri, 
 Brid. ; Schwaegr. iSuppl. i. 2. 10, t. 53 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 212, and 
 Supjd. t. 8. 
 
 II AH. Rock River, British Columhia {Lyall), 
 
 Tliis species is quoted by Mitten (Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 23), but we 
 have seen no American specimens. 
 
 ****** Capsule ribbed: j^htnts small. 
 
 27. O. pulchellum, Brunton. Plants in small loose irregu- 
 lar tufts, pale green : leaves oi)en, flexuous when moist, curved 
 or slightly cris])ate when dry, soft, linear-lanceolate from a 
 slightly enlarged ovate base, acuminate ; borders reflexed in the 
 lower part, plane above ; areolation very minutely i)unctiform 
 and papillose in the upper part, loose, pale and smooth toward 
 the base : calyptra campanulate, naked, pale yellow, brownish 
 at apex : cajtsule small, oblong, short-necked, thin, yellowish, 
 exserted on a somewhat long j)edicel, twisted to the left when 
 dry, cylindrical, somewhat costate and constricted under the 
 brown orifice when old ; teeth long, approximate in pairs, rc- 
 flext'd when dry, dark orange ; cilia 10, composed of a single 
 series of cells here and there appendiculate, ferruginous. — Smith, 
 Engl. Bot. t. 1787 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 223. 
 
 Var. longipes, Sulliv. Pedicel a little hniger : teeth and 
 cilia generally 10. 
 
 IIau. Oregon {Unll); Coal Harbor. Al.iska {Tlnrrinf/ton). 
 
 O. Columblcum, Mitten (Journ. Linn. Soc. viii, 24), is according to 
 SuIIivant's note in his herbarium a variaty with shorter perichtetlal 
 
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 176 
 
 liUYACE.E. 
 
 [Ofthotfichnm. 
 
 loavps, the male flowers on short terminal branches, the capsule sub- 
 I'XSin'ted on a short pedicel, and the teeth and cilia 8. 
 
 28. O. diaphanum, Schrad. Pliints Hinall, soft, in irrci»u- 
 l.'ir loose ofti'ii HcattorcMl brii^ht jjfveen tufts : lejives erect, ohloiig- 
 liinceohite, narrowed into a lanceolate serrate hyaline point, 
 iiorders reflexed : calyptra thin, naked or with a few hairs : 
 capsule ininiers(!d, thin, oblon<^, short-necked, j)ale yellow, 
 obsoletely striate and nearly smooth when dry ; teeth efjui- 
 distant, linear-lanceolate, pale yellow, reflexed when dry ; cilia 
 1(), filiform, of a simple row of cells. — Spicil. ¥\. Germ. 09; 
 liryol. Eur. t. 219. 
 
 Hah. San Marcos, Texas iWrir/ht). 
 
 29. O. canum, Mitten. Much like the last, differing in 
 the shorter fragile hyaline ])oint of the leaves, the Ioniser calyp- 
 tra beset with short hairs and coverinjx nearly the whole cajv 
 8ule, the capsule emergent, the teeth bigeminate, and the cilia 
 composed of a double tow of cells. The author remarks 
 that in appearance it is like 0. 2)vmilum. — Journ. Linn. Soc. 
 viii. 26. 
 
 IIab. British America (Drnmmon(l)\ San ^larcos, Texas (Wright) ? 
 
 We have not found in Drummond's mosses any specimen representing 
 this species. A note in Sullivant's herbarium states '* that tlie parcel 
 with. Wright's specimens has two forms, one referable by its foliage to 
 O. diaphanwuy the other appears to be O. canum. Mitten." This obser- 
 vation Is confirmed by dissection, except that the calyptra of this sup- 
 posed O. camuH is without hairs. 
 
 ******* Leaves obtuse. 
 
 30. O. rivulare, Turn. Monoecious: plants long, pros- 
 trate, pendent, often floating, naked and simi)le below, fascicu- 
 lately ramose and densely foliate in the upper part, blackish : 
 low^er leaves distant, ovate-lanceolate, the upper close, lingulate, 
 obtuse, smootli and revolute on the borders ; upjier areolation 
 punctiform, the lower narrowly rectangular : calyptra cam- 
 panulate, entirely naked, blackish : caj)sule short-])edioellate, 
 ovate, its coUum shorter than the sj)orangium, yellow, with 
 darker strias, slightly contracted below the apex and costate its 
 whole length when dry ; cilia 8, somewhat longer, and 8 shorter 
 than the orange teeth, hyaline, curving upward. — Muse. Ilib. 
 96, t. 8 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 219. 
 
 IIab. On roots of trees and posts in water, Anderson Valley, Cali- 
 fornia, common (Bolander)\ Oregon (Ilall); etc. 
 
Orthotrichum,] 
 
 BUYACE.E. 
 
 177 
 
 I 1 1 
 
 5il. O. ObtUSifolium, Sclirad. Di(rclous: |»lants small, 
 irri'jjularly i>ulviiiat<', pale prct'ii or yi'llowish ahovo, brown he- 
 low : U'avi's lialf-s|u-ea(lin|nr from the miodlc wlicn moist, imhri- 
 cate when «lrv, oval, obloni^-ohtusc and wliu^htly serrulate at tho 
 
 hyal 
 
 ine a|)ex, concave, iiapilloHc on the hack; iterichu'tial leaves 
 
 Bnialler, sheathini^ : caly|>tra coveriniij tlie capsule to the nii<Mh', 
 not hairy, hut rou<;h and darker-colored at the apex: capsule on 
 a very short ))edicel, immersed, oval, with a lonjjj detluent collum, 
 yellowish, with 8 darker striie, furrowed its whole length when 
 dry; lid conical, acuminate; teeth 8, bii^eniinate, reHi'xed when 
 dry, vermiculose, papillose on the outside, j>ale orani^e color; 
 cilia 8, yellow, nearly as broad as the teeth, of two series of cells. 
 — Swartz, Muse. Suec. 90, t. 4 ; liryol. Eur. t. 208. O. Jiof/eri (':"), 
 Sulliv. & Lesq. Muse. 15or.-Am. Exsicc. ed. 2, n. 174. 
 
 II AH. IJritish America (Dniininonil); on poplar tri-es near Klba, In 
 the Acliroiulaoks (Ltsqnvreux) ; Peiuisylvauia (./«»h'.s) ; Ontario ( Miuonn ). 
 
 32. O. Jamesianum, Sulliv. Mon<ecious: plants small, 
 loosely pulvinate, pale green when moist : leaves oblonsjj or 
 oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, revolute on the borders, strongly 
 papillose : calyptra with some hairs : capsule immersed, pyri- 
 form, short-pedicellate and short-necked, 8-costate when <lry 
 and constricted under the broad orifice ; peristome simple, of 
 IG distinct teeth, vermiculate transversely below the middle 
 and lengthwise above. — James, But. King Exp. 401; iSuUiv. 
 Icon. Muse. Supi)l. 71, t. 53. 
 
 IIau. On limestone rocks, East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada ( Wat- 
 son); Fort St. James, British Columbia (Maeoun). 
 
 A very distinct species, easily distinguished from the preceding by the 
 long papillie on the surface of the leaves, the pyriform capsule, the in- 
 florescence, simple peristome, etc. 
 
 «:###:)(=##«; Peristome double^ the inner of \(j free cilia. 
 
 33. O. Lyellii, Hook. & Tayl. Dioecious: plants of wide 
 growth, loosely cespitose or pulvinate, green : leaves long, 
 linear-lanceolate from the oblong base, sharply acuminate, 
 flexuous, s(p>arrosc when moist, somewhat twisted when dry, 
 plane on the borders, papillose and beset on the surface with 
 clavate brown densely articulate filaments : male })lants smaller: 
 calyptra ])ilose, large, covering the whole ca]isule : caj)sule 
 emergent, ovate, its collum as long as the 8})orangium, striate, 
 yellowish brow^n, much elongated and deeply sulcate when dry 
 
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 and ♦'iMpty; tcrtli rcciirvod wlu'ii <lry ; cilia broad, irddisli, as 
 loiifT as till! tt'i'tli, Nlit^litly croMi! <mi tho |>i'lhi('id honU'i-s. — 
 MuHf. IJiit. 70, t. 2'J; IJiyol. Kur. t. "J'Jl ; Wilson, En-;. IJot. 
 t. lis:{4. 
 
 Van papillosum. LcavoH more highly j)a|)illosc'. — O. 
 p(t/>illottmn, llanijit', Linniua, xxx. 4r)8. 
 
 IIah. On trut'f* in California, ami on the western slopo of North 
 AnxTica, conunon. Tlio varltMy Is scartu'ly wortiiy of notice, as the 
 papilliu vary In pronilnenou, evun un the saaio specimens. 
 
 67. MAOROMITRIUM, Urld. (PI. 2.) 
 Calyptra fainpanulatc-plicato, more or less deeply laciniate at 
 base. Peristome none, or simple, or double; the outer of 10 
 teeth, lanceolate, free or geminate, gramdose, whitish or red- 
 dish brown ; the inner formed of a more or less enlarged mem- 
 brane, truncate or split into teeth similar to the outer ones: 
 amndus none or simple, rarely present. 
 
 1. M. Sullivantii, Muell. Plants acrocarpous, becoming 
 j)leurocarpous by innovations, entangled and loosely ces|»itose, in 
 wide decund)ent creeping or pendent tufts, reddish brown and 
 rigid: leaves erowde<l, open, erect wben moist, closely imhricate 
 when dry, lanceolate from the narrowed decurrent base, gradu- 
 ally acuminate, deeply excavate in the mi<1dle of the base, 
 carinate, costate to near the apex, slightly recurved on the 
 borders; areolation nearly round, dense, slightly papillose: 
 flowers moniecious, the male in axillary or terminal buds ; outer 
 perigonial leaves ovate, the inner obovate, apiculate, hyaline, 
 erose-dentate from the middle i.])wards : calyptra hairy, covering 
 the whole capsule : cai)sule oval-cylindrical, plicate at the base 
 ftTid inuler the orifice when dry, emergent on a slender pedicel, 
 about one cm. long ; lid conical, subulate ; ])eri8tomc almost 
 none, the outer imperfect, the inner a short truncate membrane. 
 — Bot. Zeit. XX. 3G1. 31. Dregei^ Sulliv. Mosses of U. States, 
 31, and Icon. Muse. 59, t. 37 ; Sulliv. & Lesq. Muse. Bor.-Am. 
 Exsicc. n. 128. 
 
 IIab. On the bark of old pine trees, top of Jonah or Bear Mountain, 
 Georgia {Lesquereux). 
 
 2. M. FitZgeraldi. In its dark brown color, its short 
 yellowish branches sparingly fruiting, and also in the very hairy 
 
Hrhlnlln iniid. 
 
 HUYA( K.K, 
 
 17!> 
 
 oiilyplrji Mild the iihsoiKU' of ii pcristcMno, tliis wpccu's clomly 
 icsciiiltlcs tin' last. It tlii't'ci's in tlir lai-^cr ilistiiictly rililx**! 
 fapsiil*', till' U'iivrs lt»ii.i;i'r aixl imt as t|((|tly coiicavf in tlio 
 iiii«li|l(> lu'ar tlu> l>asc, tlic shorter conual I'iiiiit !i<l, aii<l tlu* 
 slmiii'i' pt'dici'l covt'it'd to its iiiitMK' Ity tlu' cvsiTti'd va^iiiuU' 
 haviiij; its oriliec t'liiii^rd l»y loui^ )tara|»liysi's as in J/. /i/io/hhU. 
 <ti(h'.% Sc'liwat'j^r. Tlif plant also appears t<» Ik- did'i'ioiis, as no 
 male tlowet's could 1k> found npon the speeiniens. 
 
 ll.vii. On tiws, Florida (C II. Fitzi/vnthl). 
 
 •{. M. rhabdocarpum, Mitt. Mond'cious: ntcnj creepincj, 
 inonlinately liranehinLT, lo(»sely rt'spit<(se : leaves erisjiate when 
 dry, spreadini;-open and sliyiitly Hexiiose when nittjst, lini-ai"- 
 laneeolate, acute «>t' ol)tnse and siihapiculate, tiat on the niinutely 
 crcnulati' l>oi<lers, carinate l»y the percurreiit yellowish costa; 
 hiusil.ir cells ohloni;, the up|»i'r round, papillose; pericha-tial 
 leaves erect, lanceolate, narrower and more acute nt the apex : 
 calyptra slij^htly hairy, straw-color, covering; the capsule to the 
 base: capsule oval, ijradually narrowed to the petiole and to the 
 orifice, distinctly plicate; lid subulate; peristome Himjde, the 
 teeth short, pale and fraixile. — Journ. Linn. Soc. xii. IIH); 
 Austin, C'oidt. Hot. Gaz. ii. 110. 
 
 II AM. 81. Au;;ustino, Floriilii (./. IhntnvU Sn,Uh). 
 
 4. M.mucronifoliUiil, Hook, it (Jrev. Moixecious: stems 
 creej>in<x, with short crowded branches: leaves opeii-spreadiiii;, 
 linear-lanceolate, rounded in narrowiii;jf to a recurved acumen, 
 carinate l)y the thick costa, entire, convex, ruLjulose lengthwise; 
 upper cells minute, round, obscure, the lower a little eloiiLjated 
 on the bonlers: caly])tra narrowly conical, coverini^ tlu; capsule 
 to the base: capsule shortly pedicelled, urceolate, the orifico 
 naked. — IJrewst. Edin. Journ. i. IIG, t. 4; Mitt, Journ. Linn. 
 Soc. xii. 202. 
 
 Hau. Trunks of pahns, St. Johns River, Florida (C //. Fitzgerald). 
 
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 58. SOHLOTHEIMIA, Drid. (PI. 2.) 
 Differs from 3[acromitrium in the campanulate calyptra, not 
 ])licate, and constricted at base by the involute secfments, and 
 in the teeth of the outer jieristome IG, sj»irally re volute, marked 
 by a longitudinal black line, generally very rugose, fleshy, 
 the inner more or less perfect, often rudimentary, from a j)alo 
 

 
 
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 col<jivd membrane. Capsule exannulate. Lid cupulifonu, 
 subulate, thiu. 
 
 1. S. SuUivantii, Muell. Plants in dense widely expanded 
 de|)ressed yellowish green tufts ; primary stems creeping, 
 densely ramose : branclies very short, erect, fasciculate-ramose, 
 closely joined together by a thick felt of brown radicles : leaves 
 very close, recurved-spreading, Ungulate, short-mucronatc- by 
 the excurren* thick costa, ventricose and a little plicate at base ; 
 surface undulate-wrinkled toward the apex ; cells round-hexago- 
 nal, minute, in transverse rows, the basilar loose, oblong : flowers 
 mona'cious, the male lateral, in open short jiedicellate buds: 
 cal;, ptra covering the whole capsule, scabrous at the apex, 5-G- 
 lobate at base, the lobes incurved and connivent : cajjsule 
 cylindrical-oblong, gradually narrowed i;[) to the orifice, emergent 
 on a pedicel about a half cm. long ; teeth 16, linear, with hyaline 
 articulations ; cilia 10, orange color, punctulate, striolate ; basilar 
 membrane none or scarcely visible. — Syn. i. 750 ; Sulliv. Mosses 
 of U. States, 35, t. 2, and Icon. 3Iusc. 01, t. 38. S. rutjifoUa, 
 Hook. & Wils. in Drumm. Muse. Am. (Col. II.), n. 85. 
 
 II AB. 13ark of trees in the Southern States; not rare. 
 
 59. ENOALYPTA, Schreb. (PI. 2.) 
 Plants loosely cespitose. Leaves large, Ungulate or spatulate ; 
 cells of the areolation thick, chlorophyllose, covered in the upj)er 
 part of the leaves with large divided papilla?, loose, rectangular, 
 sometimes reddish brown in the lower part. Flowers mono?- 
 cious or dicecious, terminal, Vaginule cylindrical, capped by 
 a conical membrane. Calyptra very large, cylindrical, cam- 
 panulate. Capsule emergent on a solid pedicel, erect, regular, 
 ribbed or twisted wlien dry. Peristome none, or simple, or 
 double, very variable. Spores generally large, verruculose. — 
 Zeersia, Iledw.; Lindb. Syst. 
 
 * Peristome none. 
 
 1 E. COmmutata, Nees & Hornsch. Stems about one 
 cm. long: leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, the upper longer- 
 cuspidate by the excurrent costa, slightly transversely plicate in 
 the middle; basilar cells narrowly oblong, yellowish: male 
 
Encalypta.] 
 
 bryace.t:. 
 
 181 
 
 flowers terminal, on short lateral liranches: calyptra lonij, 
 doscending far below the base of the capsule, re<ldi!-h brown or 
 chestnut color when old, irregularly laciniate at the base: caj)- 
 sule cylindrical-ovate, erect or slightly arched, its oriHce half- 
 covered by a thin horizontal membrane; annulus simple, narrow. 
 — Hryol. Germ. ii. 4G, t. 15; Bryol. Eur. t. 198. £J. lacem^ 
 DeXot. ; Muell. Syn. i. 514. 
 
 Had. Fissures of rocks in alpine localities; Rocky Mountains (7)r»m- 
 inond)\ Colorado (Downic, E. Hall); Nevada ( Watson); Uritish America 
 and Alaska (Macouii, llothrock), etc. 
 
 * * Peristome of IG more or less perfect teeth or none in the 
 
 same species. 
 
 2. E. vulgaris, Tledw. Leaves Ungulate, apiculate, twisting 
 when dry ; costa reddish, percurrent or vanishing below the 
 apex; areolation rectangular at base, very thin toward the 
 middle, narrower and yellowish on the borders: calyj)tra cover- 
 ing tlie whole capsule, yellowish green, thin : cajtsule thin, 
 cylindrical-ovate, exactly cylindrical M'hen dry, obscurely or 
 minutely wrinkled lengthwise, pale yellow, the borders of the 
 orifice orange; peristome generally none, composed when pres- 
 ent of 16 lineate pale fugacious often truncate teeth. — Spec. 
 Muse. 60 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 199. 
 
 Var. obtiisa, Schimp. Leaves obtuse. — Syn. 286. 
 
 Var. pilifera, Schimp. Stems shorter: leaves narrower; 
 costa redilish, excurrent into a pale yellow hair. 
 
 Var. elongata, Schimp. Plants robust and much longer, 
 in dense tufts : le:ives broader. 
 
 Hab. Fissures of walls and rocks; alpine regions of New England, 
 Rocky Mountains, California, Oregon, and Alaska ; rare in America. 
 
 3. E. rhabdocarpa, Schwaegr. With the habit of the 
 last : leaves oblong, lanceolate above, nearly plane or slightly 
 concave ; costa reddish-yellow, vanishing at the a|>ex or passing 
 up into a more or less elongated yellowish h.iir-point: cftlyptra 
 descending below the base of the capsule : cajisule shorter, 
 narrowly ovate or cylindrical-oblong, reddish, with longitudinal 
 brown striae, deeply and regularly furrowed when dry ; teeth 
 lanceolate, distantly articulate, entire or here and there irregu- 
 larly perforated, blood-red, rarely pale or absent ; annulus sim- 
 ple, narrow. — Suppl. i. 56, t. 16 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 203. 
 
 Hab. Alpine and subalpinc regions, in fissures of rocks; Colorado 
 {Downie) ; Nevada ( Watson) ; British America and Alaska. 
 
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 BRYACEiE. 
 
 [Encalyptn. 
 
 4. E. Ciliata, Ifcdw. In loose briuflit or pale greon tufts: 
 leaves soft, cotnidicate-incurved when dry, undulate on the 
 Itorders; costa j»ale yellow, vanishing below the apiculate apex 
 or passing into it ; basilar areolation loose, reddish above : 
 (•aly|>tra straw-color, descending fai' below the base of the 
 capsule, bordered at base by lanceolate solid whitish or orange 
 lacinije: capsule cylindrical, smooth, slightly constricted under 
 the orifice when dry ; ])eristoine rarely absent, attached below 
 the orifice, formed of 10 narrowly lanceolate teeth, sometimes 
 divided into two irregular segments, spreading when dry; annu- 
 lus none. — Sj)ec. Muse. 01 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 200. 
 
 II Au. Sliaded rocks and soil, In mountain regions of New England, the 
 Rocky Mountains, and the Pacific slope; not rare. 
 
 # * * l*eristome simjAe, regular. 
 
 5. E. Macounii, Aust. Differs from M apopht/sata, Nees 
 & Ilornsch., in the leaves muticous at the apex, the costa van- 
 ishing below it, the calyptra fimbriate at base, the capside (not 
 mature) more distinctly apophysate, and the teeth shorter and 
 much narrower. — Couit. Bot. Gaz. ii. 97. 
 
 Had. Stewart's Lake Mountains, Canada {Macoiin). 
 
 To tills diagnosis, wliich, considering the immature state of the capsule, 
 shows an essential difference from the European E. apophysata, the 
 author adds: "calyptra about as large as in the largest specimens of E, 
 cillatd, light fuscous yellow (the fringe brown, uniform, narrow, and del- 
 icate), densely papillose over tlie whole surface ; pedicel reddish, minutely 
 papillose, rather densely so above the middle, more remotely so below it, 
 slightly twisted to the right in drying; apophysis at the base of the capsule 
 very large; peristome single, the teeth of medium length, very narrow and 
 filiform, red, more or less split into two equal segments, nodulose and 
 granulose; leaves much crisped when dry, straight and erect when moist, 
 narrowly Ungulate, carinate, broadly revoluteon the margin, very opaque, 
 the costa ceasing below the apex and densely papillose on the back; peri- 
 chivtial leaves much smaller and thinner, the innermost scarcely exceeding 
 the vagiuule, with a broad subvaginal base and a Ungulate very obtuse 
 apex." 
 
 # # ♦ * Capsule striate, twisted to the left ; peristome double. 
 
 0. E. procera, Bruch. Plants densely tufted, long and 
 robust : leaves Ungulate, muticous or apiculate, the strong costa 
 ceasing below the apex or rarely passing above it ; basilar areo- 
 lation reddish, hyaline, separated from the upper by a red zone : 
 calyptra descending below the capsule, fimbriate only when 
 young, straw-color: capsule ovate, cylindrical, pale yellow, 
 
Enralyptn.] 
 
 BIIYACE^. 
 
 183 
 
 8-striato, twisted to tho loft and narrower w]i«>n <lry, its loni? 
 purjtie pedu'ol i^enerally twisted to the right or to the left jnvt 
 under the (ajtsiile; teeth of the outer peristome 1(5, lt»iii;, linear, 
 marked l»y a dividinjjf line, distantly artieulate, |)iir])le; inner 
 peristome of 10 eilia, opi)osite and similar to the teeth, yellowish, 
 very papillose, attached to a broad yellow mend)rane protrudinuj 
 into 10 short reddish eilia between the teeth, sometimes bifid at 
 base and eonnivent into a cone when dry ; anmdus double. — 
 Brucli iic 8chimp., Bryol. Eur. t. 205. £. longipes^ Mitt. Journ. 
 Linn. Soc. viii. '29, t. 5. 
 
 II An. Shady ravines, IJritish America (Drwmvoml, Macnini). 
 
 Upon examination of the specimtMis of E. lonyipcf*, Mitt., in all of 
 Drummond's sets, the characters have been found i(h;ntical witii those of 
 K. proccra : the plants monoecious; calyptra papillose, its borders emar- 
 ginate, cose or fimbriate at base; perich.etial leaves piliferous; capsule 
 spirally striate, etc. The differences that appear in the cluiracters iiuli- 
 cated by Mitten result from the unripeness of the specimen he had for 
 examination. 
 
 7. E. Selwyni, Aust. Differs from tlie preceding species 
 especially in its smaller size, the leaves more or less rcvolute, 
 the upj)er ones broadly Ungulate with a long hyaline hair-point 
 formed by the excurrent costa, which is densely papillose and 
 reddish downward, and in the minutely and remotely papillose 
 calyptra descending much below the base of the capsule, deej)ly 
 laciniate and brown at the j)ersisting base: capsule solid, 
 strongly sulcate and distinctly twisted to the right, cylindrical ; 
 peristome glabrous, long, the outer teeth dark red, filiform, 
 distantly nodulose, the inner yellow, with the cilia nearly as 
 long as the teeth and arising from a broad membrane. — Coult. 
 Bot. Gaz. ii. 109. 
 
 Had. Vancouver ^sland (Macorin). 
 
 Intermediate between E. procera and E. streptocarpa. 
 
 8. E. streptocarpa, Hedw- Dioecious : plants robust and 
 of large size : leaves oblong-lingulate, muticous ; costa reddish, 
 ascending to the apex; perichaetial leaves oblong at base, 
 abruptly narrowed into a long lanceolate point : calyptra very 
 long, prolonged muc!i below the base ol the capsule, dirty 
 brown : capsule long and long-pedicellate, cylindrical, twisted 
 to the left, orange-striate, spirally furrowed when dry; teeth 
 filiform, separated to the base, minutely papillose, purple, erect ; 
 cilia numerous, irregular, more or less connate, half as long as 
 
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 BKYACE^. 
 
 [Calymjieres. 
 
 I- 
 
 the tectli, adlicring to tlie middle to a broad punctulate mem- 
 brane.— Spec. Muse. 02, t. 10; Bryol, Eur. t. 204. 
 
 II AIT. British .Vmerica ( Drummonil) ; Alleghany Mountains ( SnlUcant); 
 Lancaster (."o., I'ennsylvania (I'orler); New Jersey {Uau); California 
 (Laphain). Not yet found fruiting in America. 
 
 60. OALYMPERES, Swartz. 
 Plants small, sj)aringly branched. Leaves soft. Calyptra 
 twisted, persisjtent, plicate, constricted at base and enclosing the 
 cai)sule. Capsule erect and exserted. Peristome none. 
 
 1. 0. Richardi, Mnell. Dia?cious: plants loosely cespitose; 
 stems short and slender, nearly simple : leaves spreading when 
 moist, oblong, obtuse, very entire, with a strong costa vanishing 
 at the apex but often enlarged, thick and covered with articulate 
 filaments at its point : calyptra yellow, slightly scabrous at the 
 apex : capsule short-pedicellate, oval ; lid short, sti'aight, conical, 
 subulate. — Syn. i. 524. 
 
 Var. Donnellii. Leaves longer and narrower, flexuous an<l 
 erect or open, spreading when dry. — C. JJo)meiHi, Aust., Coult. 
 Bot. Gaz. iv. 151. C. Richardi, Aust. Muse. Appal. Supj)l. 
 n. 489. 
 
 Had. On trunks. Florida {Gnrher, Austin, J. Donnell Smith); the 
 variety from the same locality {J. Donnell Smith). 
 
 2. 0. disciforme, Muell. Plants subcespitose, rigid, 
 nearly 8imi)le, dirty green : leaves rigid, open, spreading when 
 moist, the lower large, oblong, more or less convolute, mucronate 
 by the excurrent costa, the upper broadly ovate, acute with a 
 thick percurrent costa, bearing in the middle a dense cluster of 
 articulate and fasciculate filaments; ui»j)er areolation minute 
 and minutely papillose, the basilar large, quadrate, hytiline at 
 the margin : calyptra very scabrous upon the folds and at the 
 apex : capsule short-pedicellate, oval ; lid conical, oblique. — 
 Linnasa, xxi. 183, and Syn. i. 525. 
 
 Had. Caloosa, Florida {Austin). 
 
 3. 0. (?) crispum, Aust. Plants short, in compact tufts, 
 brown inside, yellowish green at the surface : leaves strongly 
 crispate when dry, strict and suberect when moist, thin at the 
 narrowed base, narrowly panduriform, Ungulate, flat, papillose, 
 retuse or obtuse at the apex, hyaline-margined and loosely 
 quadrate-areolate in the lower part, very densely granulose- 
 
Si/rrhopodon.] 
 
 BRYACE/E. 
 
 185 
 
 arc'olate and papillosc-crenuhitc in the upper, carinate by the 
 yellowish percurrent costa. — Coult. I5ot. ^Jaz. iv. 151. /St/r- 
 rhopodon (?) crispus^ Aust. 1. c. ii. 109. 
 11 Au. Jacksonville, Florida (J. Donnell Sinith). 
 
 61. SYRRHOPODON, Schwaegr. (PI. 2.) 
 Distinguished from Cafymjjeres by the eucnllato dimidiate 
 calyptra, the peristome undeveloj)ed or composed of IG lanceo- 
 late entire generally horizontal teeth, and the orifice of the cap- 
 sule sometimes covered by a thin membrane {epiphraym). 
 
 1. S. Ploridanus, Sulliv. Plants robust, in somewhat 
 loose tufts, glaucous-green above, dirty yellowish below ; stems 
 simple or fastigiat* '-ramose, more or less radiculose and tomen- 
 tose the whole length : leaves close, erect, ovate-oblong at the 
 clasping base, linear-lanceolate above, apiculate, concave- 
 canaliculate, minutely areolate, opaque, obtusely serrulate from 
 the middle, bilamellate upward, the lamelhe coarsely and irregu- 
 larly serrate ; costa thick, semiterete, papillose, vanishing at or 
 below the apex : flowers di(ccious, becoming lateral by innova- 
 tions : calyptra descending to the base of the capsule : caj)sule 
 subelliptical or merely cylindrical, erect, of a thick texture ; 
 pedicel about 1 cm. long ; lid with a very long aciculate beak ; 
 peristome simple, of 10 short teeth attache<l far below the 
 orifice, connivent to near the middle, distantly articulate, pale 
 yellow without divisural line. — Mosses of U. States, 31, and 
 Icon. Muse. 49, t. 31 ; Ltulliv. & Lesq. Muse. Bor.-Amer. Exsicc. 
 n. 113. S. albovciffinatuSf Hook. & Wils. in Drumm. Muse. 
 Amcr. (Coll. II.), n. 37 ; Sulliv. Muse. Allegh. n. 171 ; not 
 Schwaegr. 
 
 Hau. On decayed logs and stumps; Louisiana, Florida, etc. ; not rare. 
 
 2. S. Texanus, Sulliv. Resembles the last in size and 
 aspect : stem-leaves twisted when dry, erect when moist, long 
 linear-lingulate from the broader clasping base, bhnit at the 
 apex, caiuiliculate-concave ; borders pellucid, irregularly ciliate- 
 dentate by linear cells ; basilar areolation large, quadrate, 
 pellucid, the upper very small, subquadrate, opaque, papillose ; 
 costa very stout, percurrent, spinidose on the back : flowers 
 dioecious (male plant unknown) : calyptra covering nearly the 
 whole capsule, rugulose from the middle upward: capsule 
 
 !,i 
 
 M. 
 
 'i 
 
w 
 
 w 
 
 186 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 \Syrrhopodon. 
 
 W4 
 
 m 
 
 , . ■ 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 ^^r:"' 
 
 ovate, cyliiulrical, Hlen<lor, contracted at the orifice ; pedicel 
 comparatively long (about two cm.) ; lid long and Hubulate- 
 rostratu; teeth short, robust, lanceolate, obtuse, with two or 
 three prominent articulations. — Mosses of U. States, lOU, and 
 Icon. Muse. Suppl. 3l», t. tiO. 
 
 IIau. San Marcos, Texas ( ]]yight, who first collected the moss, 
 though sterile); Southern States, from North Carolina to Florida, not 
 rare. 
 
 The leaves often hear at the apex a cluster of oblong articulate bodies, 
 like those of Aulucoinnium puluatre. 
 
 TiiiHE VI. TETIJAPIIIDE.E. 
 
 Plants loosely tufted. Stems slender, erect or very short. 
 Lower leaves very small, distant, squamiform, the upper longer, 
 close and tufting at the apex of the stems. Flowers monce- 
 cious, terminal, the male gemmiform. Calyptra conical, 
 mitrate. Capsule cylindrical or oval. Peristome formed of the 
 operculum filled with cellular matter and cleft into fc ^irts. 
 Annulus none. Spores very small. 
 
 The Tetraphidcae, DisceliecB and Schistosteyeoe constitute three pecu- 
 liar groups with no marked analogy to any other tribe of mosses. The 
 first are related by the calyptra to the Orthntrichece, and by the form and 
 areolation of the leaves to the Bnjew. The growth of the Disceliece is 
 that of Ephemenim ; their peristome like that of Trematodon. Ilampe 
 considers Discelium midnm as an annual liartramia. The Schistostegece 
 have the soft texture of the Splachnece, and for that reason are considered 
 by Schimper as most nearly related to that tribe. 
 
 62. TETRAPHIS, Iledw. (PI. 2.) 
 
 Stems long, branching by innovations from under the apex. 
 
 Leaves broadly lanceolate, costate to below the apex. Calyptra 
 
 covering the capsule to the middle. Capsule cylindrical, borne 
 
 on a long straight or genicidate pedicel. Teeth att.ached below 
 
 the orifice, somewhat long, striate on the back, red<lish. — 
 
 Georgia^ Ehrh. 
 
 1. T. pellucida, Hedw. Tufts yellowish green : perigonium 
 often deformed, cui>shaped, of broad truncate leaves, enclos- 
 ing small lenticular greenish hyaline short-pedicellate bodies : 
 calyptra very thin, whitish below, more solid and reddish above : 
 
Tetrodontlmn,] 
 
 BUY ACE. E. 
 
 187 
 
 cnpsiik' Ljrociii.sh wlion filli'd, brown with acjc; pedicel Hinooth, 
 twisted to the left in the lower part, to the rii^ht uhove. — 
 Fuixl. Muse. ii. H7, t. 7, f. .'{'-*, and S|»ee. Muse. 4;'), t. 7 ; I»rvol. 
 Eur. t. \{H). Jf/iiinn pef/ffciifinn, Linn. Sp. PI. llOl). (weori/ia 
 Jf/iennm>//iUHi, Khrh. ; Muell. Syn. i. 180. G. ^>t7//^c/(Ar, 
 Hahenh. 
 
 II AH. Oil docayeil trunks in (loop woods; common. 
 
 2. T. geniculata, (iirt^ens. Differs from the last in the 
 upper leaves Ioniser and narrower, linear-laneeolate, acuminate, 
 the perit^oniuni not <leformed, and the j>edicel i;eni(ailate in the 
 middle. — .Milde in IJot. Zeit. xxiii. 155; Schiinp. Bryol. Eur. 
 Suppl. yi'frajt/iiii, 1, t. 1. 
 
 Had. Moose Uiver {Lyall); Sitka (IliHchnff, liothrock). 
 
 63. TETRODONTIUM, Schwaegr. 
 Plants very small, grejjjarious. Stems very short, bearing 
 flowering gemmulcs at the base of filiform foliate branchlets. 
 Capsule thick, oval, covered to the base by a solid caly])tra; 
 pedicel thick, rigid. Teeth short. 
 
 1. T. repandum, Schwaegr. Basilar innovations erect: 
 leaves ovate-lanceolate, rigid, reddish brown, close and imbri- 
 cate; ])erichiutial leaves ovate and oblong, very concave, 
 obscurely costate; perigonial leaves smaller, thinner, ecostate, 
 like those of the branchlets : cai>sule oval, its orifice emargi- 
 nate between the teeth ; li<l conical, erect, short. — Sujipl. ii. 
 102; l>ryol. Eur. t. 197. Tetraphis repanda^ Funck ; Nees in 
 Sturm's Deutschl. Fl. ii, fasc. 17, t. ; Schwaegr. Suppl. ii. 21, 
 t. 107. 
 
 IIah. On shaded rocks near the Glen House, and at Dixviile Notch, 
 White Mountains (James)', very rare. 
 
 Tribe VII. DISCELIEiE. 
 Plants very small, nearly without stems, gemmiform, gre- 
 garious, produced from a persistent prothallium, dioecious. 
 Leaves oblong-lanceolate, muticous at the apex, ecostate ; 
 perichaBtial leaves longer ; areolation loose, in long hexagonal- 
 rhomboidal meshes. Male plants in the same prothallium as 
 the female ones ; antheridia small ; paraphyses numerous, sub- 
 
 i 
 
 II 
 
 m 
 
 -hi 
 
 r i 
 
 
i 
 
 y;S 
 
 -« 
 
 188 
 
 BKYACE^E. 
 
 [DiHcvUum. 
 
 clavate. Cnlyptrn K|»lit its whole lonr^th on ono side nn(T opened, 
 generally remaining; attaehetl to the pedieel by its constricted 
 base. Capsule ovate-jjjlobose, cernnous, thick, on a lonj^ rc<ldish 
 pedicel twisted to the right, the si>orangiinn free. Lid large, 
 convex, conical. Teeth of the peristome 10, simple, striolate, 
 reddish, split from the base to the middle along the divisural 
 line 'f articulations distant. 
 
 64. DISOELIUM, Brid. 
 The only genus, with the characters of the tribe. 
 
 1. D. nudum, IJrid. The only species, characterized above. 
 — IJryol. Univ. i. 3(10 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 297. JJryum miilutn^ 
 Dicks. Fasc. iv. 7, t 10. 
 
 Had. Clayey ground; Canton, Illinois («/. U'o^/"). A very rare species. 
 
 TiiiHE VITI. SCIIISTOSTEGE^E. 
 
 Plants annual, produced from a persistent confervoidal pro- 
 thallium. Stems very tender and delicate, radiculosc at base, 
 mostly simple, of two forms, the sterile frondiform, with leaves 
 vertically inserted and confluent at their base, the fertile frondi- 
 form in the lower part, or naked, bearing the flowers at the apex 
 with a few minute tufted and horizontally attached leaves; areo- 
 Lation loose. Flowers terminal, loosely gemmiform ; anthers and 
 archegonia few, without paraj)hyses. Calyptra minute, narrowly 
 mitriform, covering the lid only. Cai)sule small, subglobose, 
 soft, on a long soft pedicel, with distinct sporangium, thick col- 
 umella, and small convex lid. Peristome none. Spores minute. 
 
 66. SOHISTOSTEGA, Mohr. 
 
 The only genus, with the characters of the tribe. 
 
 1. S. OSmundacea, Web. & Mohr. Plants widely and 
 loosely cespitose, about one cm. long, bright or glaucous 
 green, brown below, from a golden yellow shining prothallium : 
 segments of the compound leaves rhomboid.'il, the simple ones 
 lanceolate, very soft ; areolation rhomboidal, slightly chloro- 
 phyllose : flowers dioecious : lid short, with a red border. — 
 Bot. Tasch. 92 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 279. Mnium^ Dicks. 1. c. i. 3, 1. 1. 
 
^^ 
 
 DiHsodon.] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 189 
 
 II AH. On the ground, undor tlio iliade of rorks; Sand Lake, New 
 York (C. //. Peck); near llie I'roJUo House and the Dixvlllo Notch, 
 While Muuntuina {Foster, Jumea), 
 
 TuiiJE IX. SPLACIINE.E. 
 
 Plants nnnual or perennial, gregarious or oeHpitoHc, Increasing 
 when perennial by subHoral innovatioiiH anil diehotoinoiisly 
 fastigiate. Loaves broadly costate ; areolation conipose<l of 
 largo soft jjarencliytnatoso cells. Flowers terminal, nioncecious 
 or (ruiH'ious, rarely bisexual, the male iliscoid with large pedicel- 
 late antheridia and clavato paraphyses. Calyptra cueullato or 
 niitrato aiul split on one side, abruptly constricted at base, 
 rarel'y conical and entire. Capsule with an ai>ophysis varying 
 in shape and size, erect, regular, long-pedicellate, with free 
 sj)orangium and persistent columella. Lid convex-conical or 
 hcinisjdicrical. Peristome rarely absent, of 10 geminate or 8 
 bigeminato linear-lancoolato flat teeth, transversely articulate, 
 minutely punctulute, very hygroscopical. Annulus none. 
 Spores minute. 
 
 1. Calyptra mitriform^ constricted at base: ajw2)hysis uniform 
 in color, not enlarged tcith aye. 
 
 66. DISSODON, Grev. «te Arn. 
 Leaves obovate or ovate-oblong, spatulate, entire ; cells very 
 loose, shorter in the upper part of the leaves, longer and rect- 
 angular toward the base, thin and a little chlorophyllose. 
 Capsule erect or cernuous, oval, defluent to an obconical collum, 
 on a solid pedicel narrowed at base. Lid convex or conical, 
 obtuse. Teeth of the peristome IG, geminate, linear-lanceolate, 
 acute or truncate, yellowish. Spores large, granulose. 
 
 \. D. Hornschuchii, Grev. & Arn. Stems radiculose : 
 lower leaves small, broadly ovate, distant, the ui)per close, 
 imbricate, much larger, broadly oblong, narrowly costate, shin- 
 ing green : capsule erect on a short thick pedicel, obovate with 
 the long neck, thick, chestnut-color, very short when deoper- 
 culate and empty, with a broad orifice ; lid persistent upon the 
 
 ■f i 
 
 h: 
 
 
 llllil 
 
 •^Ih 
 
 -■^i 
 
 
 5 ■••* 
 
TTfT 
 
 IH 
 
 190 
 
 WUYACE.K. 
 
 [Diaaodon. 
 
 r, 
 
 i.m. 
 
 9 
 
 1 1 
 
 thick ooltimolla ; tcctli Hliort, tnincnto, l/ifiil or jHTforfito uloii;^ 
 tlic «livisural lliu', yellow. — Kdinb. Mi'iii. Wern. Soc. ill. 1'21 ; 
 JJryol. Kiir. t. *JS1. tSyst>/liH)n splachnoidcs^ Ilornsch., Ki'gciiNb. 
 Floi-ji (IH-JO), lii. IMO. 
 IIah. Twin I.!iI«'H, Colorado; Orogon (Ihncnic), 
 
 li. D. Froelichianus, (Jrcv. & Am. 1. o. In Iounc tuftH: 
 
 leaves oMoin; aixl liiiixiihite, <)l)tns(^ or blunt at the apex, con- 
 cave, gradually larijer and loosely iinhricate tVoiu the Imse of 
 the stems to the top, jtalo j^reeu, very thin : male ."iid female 
 flowi'rs ou sejiarate innovations or bisexual : capsule erect or sul>- 
 cernuous, ohovate-pyriform with a collum as lonj^ as tlu' s|»orau- 
 pium, dark oran<j:e, hecominjjf sjdierical and compressed when 
 (leoperculate ; pedicel 1^ cm. loni;, twisted to the left when 
 dry; lid conical, obtuse; columella contracted into the cap- 
 Btdc ; teeth linear-lanceolate, approxim;itu in pairs. — IJryol. 
 Kur. t. 2SL». iSjtlachnum J'^rielic/iianuiu, Iledw. Muse. Frond, 
 iii. 90, t. 40. 
 llxu. Rocky Mountains {Dniimnond, E. IFull). 
 
 8. D. splachnoides, Grev. & Arn. 1. c. Plants larijc, in 
 loose tufts, u:reen above, blackish within : leaves j^radually 
 lar<j;er iipward from the base of the innovations, oblonuj or 
 obovatc or linujulate : capsule lonjjj-pedicellate, erect, ov;d, with 
 an intlate<l collum i>erforato<l with stomata, oranufc-colored, 
 globose-turbinate when dry and empty; lid convi'X-conical, 
 obtuse, often persistent upon the columella ; teeth long, linear- 
 lanceolate, yellow, e(pudistant. — Bryol. Eur. t. '288. Weiaitt 
 s])lachnoi(le8y Schwaegr. Sujijil. i. 68, t. 17. I^remodon splach- 
 noides^ Dritl. IJryol. Univ. i. 284. Weisia turbinata, Drumm. 
 Muse. Amer. n. 64. 
 
 Had. Marshy spots near York I'actory {Driumnond). 
 
 67. TAYLORIA, Hook. 
 Plants in loose tufts, dichotomous by innovations, vadiculose. 
 Leaves open, erect, 8j)atulate, sharply acuminate, coarsely and 
 obtusely dentate above. Teeth of the peristome 16, attached 
 far below the orifice, entire or bifid, linear-lanceolate or loricate, 
 very long and hygroscopical, connivent when moistened, re- 
 flexed and appressed to the capsule or circinate-pendent when 
 dry. Spores very small, green or yellow. 
 
^ 
 
 Tctraplndon.] 
 
 IJUVACK.K. 
 
 101 
 
 1. T. serrata, Hnich it Sdiitni*. Tufts l(ri;»ljt p-ct'u ; 
 fiTtilr stems rurved down at hasf: U-avt's l»>ii.ix, s|»atc1ati', at-u- 
 iiiinati', rc'curvi'd at tlu' api-x ; costa vanisliiiii; hclow the api'.v : 
 c.'ipsulc n'tldish l>ro\vM, t'lvt't, witli a loii<r iiitlati-d collmii ; 
 jK'dici'l loiiij:, ri'ddisli, <>ftt'» ^'t'liiculati' at base; columt'lla iii- 
 I'ludi'd; lid Nlmrt, conical-oWtiisf. — IJryoI. Kiir. t. 2H4, IHi). 
 Si>l<i<'fitiinn srmitHtii, Ili'dw. Spec. Miisc. ;'>:{, t. H. 
 
 Var. flagellaris, nnidi «fc Sriiimit. IJraiicIu'S rIi'IuUt, 
 asccndini; hitiliiT than tliu siilu'i-rniums oapsHulf. — Splachnuin 
 Jl(njell<ii't'., Hiid. liryol. I'niv. i. '1X1. 
 
 llAii. Fort Col vllle (/.//«(//); Oroj^oii; Alaska ( A'f7/of/(/, lliHrhoff). 
 
 T. TKNi'iM, ScliliMi). (Syn. i-d. 2, ;{<!()), loiij; foiisitlt-rfd l»y Kiiiopfiin au- 
 thors as a vari«!fy of tin' last, has Immmi s«!iit to Schiiiiper from (Jrfciilantl. 
 It tlitTiM's ill Immiij? more sltuidi-r, softer, aii«l niortf loosrly ccsiiltost'; li-avos 
 broadly spatiilate, shortly acuiiiliiatt?, very thin, and more loosely areolate; 
 capsult! smaller, with a broad orillci'; lu'dicel more sU'iider; columella loug- 
 exserted; teeth dark jna'ple; spores nearly twiee lari^er and hyaline. 
 
 -. T. Splachnoides, Hook. (IiTt^'arionsor irr('t,'idaily and 
 loosely ('('SjMto.st'; stems soft, irueh divided: leaves flaeeid, 
 lonj^ei* than in tlie j>reee<lin^ species, loni^-s]>atidat<', lanoeolate- 
 aeiiminate, nne(|nally and coarsely dentate to the middle : male 
 bu<ls of three leaves, terminal on loni^ distantly foliate hranch- 
 lets: eaiisule erect or sid»cernnous, elliptical-ohlonix, soft, [jreen- 
 ish-yellow when filled, contracted to a narrow cylindrical nock, 
 the whole reduced to half its length when «lry ; pedicel very 
 long, pale red ; lid conical, variable in length, capping the per- 
 sistent columella; teeth very long, thong-shaped, piirjde and 
 cleft their whole length with age, involute luxler the orifice of 
 the capsule when moist, reflexed, sinuous and twisted when 
 dry, flexible when breathed upon. — Quart. Journ. Sci. ii. 
 144, and Muse. Exot. t. 173 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 280. Ilookeriu 
 splachnoides, Schleich.; Schwaegr. Su)>pl. i. ii. 340, t. 100. 
 
 IIau. Rocky Mountains of lirltish America (Drummond) ; West Ilum- 
 boldt Mountains, Nevada ( Watson). 
 
 2. Calyptra very small, conical, cucnllate: apojyht/sis discol- 
 ored icith age, ohovate, conical or umbrella-form. 
 
 68. TETRAPLODON, Bruch & Schimp. (PI. 4.) 
 Plants densely cespitosc, pulvinate, perennial; tufts mixed 
 with a radiculose tomeutum. Leaves oblong, ovate or obovate 
 
 • U 
 
 Ul 
 
 :,!> 
 
 
 
 i. (, 
 
 J*! 
 t -j.j 
 
192 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 [Tetraplodon. 
 
 I ^ 
 
 ^.1 ' 
 
 or lanccc!ate-8tibiilate at the apex; reticulation more dense. 
 Flowers monoecious ; male flowers gemmaceous, caj>ituliform, 
 sessile in tht axils of the leaves or terminal on separate branches. 
 Calyptra conical, cucuUate, inclined. Capsule thick, with a 
 solid thick generally long apophysis covered with stomata. 
 Teeth of the peristome shorter, bigeminate, solid, dark purple, 
 reflexed when dry. Spores very small. 
 
 1. T. an^status, Bruch & Schimp. Tufts compact, 
 green outside, ferruginous within; stems slender, varying in 
 length, much divided : leaves soft, passing from the oblong base 
 into a very long yellowloh flexuous subulate point, serrate- 
 dentate from below the tniddle ; costa excurrent into the point : 
 capsule short-pedicellate, small, with larger j)yriform apophysis; 
 lid highly convex or obtusely conical; teeth approximate in 
 pairs. — Bryol. Eur. t. 288 ; Schimp. Syn. 303. Splachmim 
 angustatum^ Linn. fil. Meth. Muse. 33 ; Iledw. Muse. Frond, ii. 
 37, t. 12. K setacei'.m, Michx. Fl. ii. 287. 
 
 IlAB. White Mountains; Adirondacks; Lake Superior; Rocky Moun- 
 tains; not rare. 
 
 2. T. mnioides, Bruch & Schimp. Plants more robust : 
 leaves close, imbricate, obovate-oblong, very concave, more or 
 less abruptly narrowed into a flexuous yellowish acumen; 
 borders entire, yellow ; costa percurrent : pedicel longer, solid, 
 dark orange, purple when old, enlarging above into an obconical- 
 oblong lark j)urj)le apophysis longer than the fawn-colored oval 
 capsule, which when empty is cylindrical and narrower than the 
 ai)ophysis; teeth linear-lanceolate, first joined in fours, then bifid, 
 orange-colored. — Bryol. Eur. t. 289 ; Schimji. Syn. 304. Splach- 
 mim mmoide.% Linn. fil. 1. c. 16 ; Iledw. Muse. Frond, ii. 35, 
 t. 11. S. w'ceolatum^ Hedw. 1. c. 89, t. 13. 
 
 Hak. Catskil! and Adirondack Mountains ( Ohiey, Lcsquereux) ; White 
 Mountains {James); Rocky Mountains (Dr?»n»?ionrf); Sitka [Harrington). 
 
 3. T. australis, Sulliv. & Lesq. Tufts more or less compact ; 
 plants soft, slender, green above, brownish and radiculose below, 
 simple or sparingly fastigiate-ramose : leaves soft, distant, erect, 
 long-lanceolate, gradually narrowly acuminate, distantly and 
 coarsely dentate, sometimes nearly pinnatifid, rarely entire; 
 costa ending with the apex; areolation very loose, oblong- 
 hexagonal: flowers moncBcious and dicecious; male flowers 
 
 
Splachnuin.] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 193 
 
 discoid, ca|»ituliform, terminal on separate smaller more slender 
 j»lants, or gemmiform and axillary on the fertile ones: e.alyptra 
 conical, not sj)Iit, scarcely covering tlie lieniispherical-conical 
 obtusely apiculate lid: cai)Siile oblong-oval, small, its apophysis 
 a little broader and longer than the sp.omngiuni, gradually 
 narrowed to a thick ])edicel less than a cm. long; teeth joined 
 in pairs, attached near the oriKce. — Muse. Bor.-Am. Exsicc. n. 
 151 ; Sulliv. Mosses of IT. States, 5.% t. 4, and Icon. IMusc. 97, 
 t. 58. Sphichnum isetacetim, Hook. & Wils. in Drumm. Muse. 
 Am. (Col. II.), n. 27. 
 
 Hah. Swamps near the coast, from New .Jersey to Florida; especially 
 common in cedar swamps on the dung of nuiles. Also found on Isle 
 Madam, Cape IJreton (»/. A. Allen). 
 
 4. T. urceolatus, Bruch & Schimp. Tufts compact, solid, 
 yellowish green on the surface, pale brown or reddish and 
 densely radiculose within : leaves loosely imbricated, oblong or 
 obovate, subcochleariform, al)ru))tly narrowed into a flexuous 
 awn-shaped point, very entire; costa very narrow, ending below 
 the point ; cells rectangular, narrow, thick-walled : male Howers 
 at first terminal, then thrown aside and lateral l)y innovations : 
 calyptra comparatively large, split and laciniate at base, straw- 
 colored : capsule short, cylindrical, slightly longer than its broad 
 obovate apophysis, becoming broader and black with age, nar- 
 rowed to a thick short pedicel ; teeth short and geminate, narrow, 
 orange-colored. — Bryol. Eur. t. 209. 
 
 Hab. Alpine regions of the Rocky Mountains {Dnimmond); Colorado 
 {Doionie); rare. 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 H 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 1 J 5 
 
 
 
 69. SPLACHNUM, Linn. (PI. 4.) 
 Plants mostly annual, loosely cespitose ; branches soft, slender. 
 Lower leaves distant, open, the upper tufted, with a soft costa 
 and areolation very loose. Flowers dioecious, rarely montecious, 
 the male terminal and discoid, on 8len<ler naked branches. 
 Calyptra, small, conical, slightly split or mostly entire at l)ase, 
 soft and fugacious. Capsule long-pedicelled, small, oval or 
 short-cylindrical, or with a larger apophysis increasing after 
 maturity, becoming pyriform or globose or umbrellorshaped and 
 diversely colored. Columella capped, generally exserted after 
 the separation of the lid. Teeth of the peristome 16, linear, 
 
 
i 1 
 
 i 
 
 I! 
 
 
 j 
 
 
 1 1.M- 
 
 
 ;'i 
 
 
 1 ■ 
 
 i 1 
 
 i 
 
 
 194 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Splachnum. 
 
 geminate, orange-colorcl, formed of a double lamina, the outer 
 tiiickcr and ])a|>illo.se, the inner loosely and thinly areolate. 
 Spores very minute. 
 
 1. S. Wormskioldii, Hornem. Moncecious: perennial, in 
 soft dense tufts reddish and radicuiose within ; stems very 
 slender, dieliotomous: leaves very soft an<l loosely areolate, 
 oval, mutioous or more or less long-acuminate, narrowly costate: 
 male flowers terminal on long slender branches: capsule small, 
 eHii)tical or subglobose, about as long as the ovate apophysis, 
 shorter and turbinate when empty, first green, then dark brown, 
 stomatose ; columella not exserted from the empty capsule ; teeth 
 small, yellow, subequidistant. — Fl. Dan. t. 1059; liryol. Eur. 
 t. 291. 
 
 Had. Peat bogs of Arctic America, Greenland, etc. 
 
 2. S. sphsdricum, Linn. fil. Dioecious : loosely cespitose, 
 annual; stems short: lower leaves small, ovate-acuminate, the 
 upper much larger, broadly obovate from the narrowed base, 
 acuminate, entire or obscm*ely dentate : capsule oval, fuscous ; 
 apo]ihysis broader, subglobose, dark red, shining, perforated 
 by stomata in its upper part ; pedicel long, slender, flexuous ; 
 lid convex, mamillate ; teeth large, linear, obtuse, approximate 
 in pairs, orange. — Meth. Muse. 33, t. 1, fig. 1; Bryol. Eur. 
 t. 292. 
 
 Hab. Rocky Mountains (Drinnmond). 
 
 3. S. vasculosum, Linn. Dioecious : biennial or perennial ; 
 tufts soft, bright green : leaves large, distant, the lower sub- 
 orbicular, the upper broadly obovate, obtusely acuminate, entire ; 
 costa ending below the apex : male plants more slender, with 
 smaller and more distant leaves : capsule short, cylindrical, red- 
 orange, on a large spherical minutely tuberculose dark purple 
 or bluish black apophysis, irregularly wrinkled when dry; lid 
 hemispherical, yellow ; teeth in pairs, short, orange-colored. — 
 Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1572 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 294. 
 
 Had. Hudson's Bay {Drummond)\ Sitka (Bischoff). 
 
 4. S. ampuUaceum, Linn. Monoecious and dioecious: 
 loosely cespitose ; stems generally short, annual or biennial : 
 lower leaves lanceolate, the upper obovate, long-lanceolate, 
 acuminate, more or less coarsely serrate above, very soft, pale 
 green: capsule small, narrowly oval, cylindrical, yellowish; 
 apophysis large, enlarged upward, pyriform, soft and fleshy, 
 
 i 
 

 SplacJimim,] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 195 
 
 purine when old, gradually narrowing to a long purple pedieel ; 
 lid highly convex or short-conical, ohtusu ; teeth approxinjato 
 or united in pairs, yellow. — Sp. PI. HUH ; Bryol. Eur. t. 203. 
 
 IlAn. Cranberry swamps of Ohio, New Eiijrland, Pennsylvania, Now 
 Jersey, and northward; rare. 
 
 5. S. rubrum, Linn. 1. c. DicDcious: loosely tufting, 
 annual ; stems short : leaves large, oj)en, recurved at the apex, 
 enlarged in the middle from a n.'irrowed base, more abruptly ' 
 narrowed and lanceolate, long-acuminate upward, distinctly 
 serrate from below the middle : male plants much smaller, with 
 smaller leaves : capsule small, oval-truncate, thin, membrana- 
 ceous, dirty yellow; apoi)hyMs very large, campanulato, 
 umbrella-shai)ed, purple, on a very long reddish |)edicel ; lid 
 highly convex ; teeth 16, large, dtasely articulate, joined in 
 pairs at base and sometimes at the apex, the dividing line 
 effaced at the apex. — Bryol. Eur. t. 295. 
 
 Had. Rocky Mountains (DriimmomJ); Maine {A. Young). 
 
 6. S. luteum, Linn. 1. c. Differs from the last only in the 
 leaves not as coarsely dentate, and the umbrella-like apophysis 
 convex and bright yellow ; the teeth are a little narrower. — 
 Bryol. Eur. t. 296. S. melanocaulon^ Schwaegr. Suppl. ii. 1. 
 28, t. 109 ; Mitten, Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 22. 
 
 Hab. Western North America, from several collectors, according to 
 Mitten, who states that specimens collected by Burke in the Rocky Moun- 
 tains show an extraordinary variation in the capsules. 
 
 I- 
 
 Tribe X. PHYSCOMITRIE^. 
 
 Plants annual, rarely biennial, small, gregarious or sub- 
 cespitose, of soft texture, sp.aringly branching by innovations. 
 Leaves comparatively large, soft, composed of large thin 
 hyaline hexagonal oi rhomboidal-oblong cells, and with a thin 
 loosely areolate costa, obovate or spatulate-acuminate. 
 Flowers monoecious or dicecious, the male discoid, axillary, 
 terminal only in young plants. Calyptra tetragonal, vesicular 
 when young, cucullate or mitriform. Capsule oval or spherical, 
 erect, regular or cemuous-gibbous ; the sporangium free, 
 adherent to the capsule by filaments. Lid convex or mamil- 
 late. Peristome none or simple or double. 
 
 I 
 
 I' 
 
j 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 ij. 1 
 
 ; 
 
 1 
 
 
 196 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Pyramidula. 
 
 70. PYRAMIDULA, Brid. 
 Calyptra largo, enclosing the capsule, dehiscent by a lateral 
 cleft. Orifice of the caj)8ule naked. Spores very large, smooth. 
 
 1. P. tetragona, Brid. Stems short, simple: leaves ovate- 
 oblong, gradually acuminate or cuspidate by the excurrent 
 costa, concave and entire : male buds jit the base of the fertile 
 j)lants : cai)8ule globose, short-pedicellate, with inflated collum ; 
 lid convex, obtusely apiculate. — Muse. Recent. Suppl. iv. 20. 
 Phyacomitrium tetrngonum^ Bruch & Schimp. Bryol. Eur. 
 t. 298; Suliiv. Mosses of U. States, 52. 
 
 Hab. Sandy soil, San Marcos, Texas ( WrUjhtW sandy plain near the 
 depot at Vincennes, Indiana (Lesquereux)\ plains of Colorado (E. Hall). 
 
 71. APHANORHEGMA, Suliiv. (PI. 4.) 
 Plants gregarious or subcespitose, whitish green. Stems 
 short, sparingly dividing by innovations. Flowers monoecious 
 or occasionally synacious. Calyptra narrowly conical, mitri- 
 form, covering the upper part of the capsule by its lobate base. 
 Capsule immersed, very shortly pedicellate, splitting in the mid- 
 dle at maturity, without decoloration at the line of separation. 
 
 1. A. serratum, Suliiv. Lower leaves open, flexuous, the 
 upper close, nearly erect, oblong and spatulate-lanceolate, short- 
 acuminate, serrate from the middle upward ; costa percurrent ; 
 basilar cells large, rectangular, the marginal often yellowish : 
 capsule globose, minutely papillose at the apex : spores tuber- 
 culate. — Mosses of U. States, 52, t. 4, and Icon. Muse. 95, 
 t. 57. SchisticUum, serratum^ Hook. & Wils. in Drumm. Muse. 
 Am. n. 20 ; Suliiv. Mem. Amer. Acad. n. s. iii. 60, t. 2, C. 
 Physcomitriiim serratum^ Muell. Syn. ii. 545. 
 
 Had. Damp clayey ground, river-banks, road-sides in the woods, and 
 in open cultivated ground in the Northern and Middle States; not rare. 
 
 72. PHYSOOMITRIUM, Brid. (PI. 4.) 
 
 Plants simple or sparingly branching at base by innovations. 
 
 Calyptra scarcely descending to the middle of the capsule. 
 
 Capsule regularly dehiscent with a distinct naked orifice. 
 
 1. P. immersum, Suliiv. Plants small, annual, gregarious 
 or widely subcespitose, green : leaves large, obovate or lingu- 
 
 
PhyscoinUrium.] 
 
 BllYACE.E. 
 
 197 
 
 late, lanceolate, acuminate, more distlnelly serrate from the 
 middle upward than those of Ajthattot'/ut/nui ; mar<jfiiial cells 
 yellow: male flowers terminal on young plants, bect>nunir 
 lateral by the growth of the fertile innovations: ealyptra erect, 
 long-beaked, mitrate, (piadrilobate, scarcely reaching to the 
 middle of the lid: caj)sule short-pedicellate, immersed, sul)- 
 globose ; lid large, hemispherical, convex, apiculate. — Mosses 
 of U. States, 51, t. 4, and Icon. Muse. 1)8, t. .')0. 
 
 Had. lilver banks, Southern Ohio (Lea)\ Western Pennsylvania 
 (Lei*querenx)', South Carolina (liacenel). 
 
 Differs from Aphunorheijma merely in the inflorescence, the dehiscence 
 of the lid, and the leaves more distinctly serrate by yellowish cells. 
 
 2. P. pygmSBUm, James. Plants still smaller than in the 
 last ; stems prostrate at base, radiculose, bijiartite : leaves soft, 
 whitish green, the lower distant, flexuous, the upper loosely 
 tufted, ovaie-li nceolate, slightly serrate; costa j)ercurrent or 
 vanishing below the apex ; marginal cells transversely oblong, 
 in 5 to 7 rows: capsule oblong, pyriform when empty; lid com- 
 paratively long ; annulus narrow, persistent ; pedicel twisted 
 to the left. — Bot. King Exp. 404. 
 
 IIab. On the ground above Parley's Park, in the Wahsatch Moun- 
 tains, Utah, at {>,.'jOO feet altitude ( Watson)', a few in> perfect specimens. 
 
 The small size of the plants and their prostrate black radiculose stems 
 separate this species from all its congeners. It c'osely resembles P. 
 Hookerl, but differs in its size, the narrow annulus, etc. 
 
 3. P. pyriforme, Brid. Densely gregarious or widely and 
 loosely cespitose ; plants robust, yellowish green : leaves open 
 or flexuOus, soft, the lower distant, ovate-lanceolate, the upper 
 tufting, spatulate or oblong-lanceolate, concave, serrate from 
 the middle upward ; costa vanishing below the apex : calyj)tra 
 large, mitriform, descending to the middle of the capsule : cap- 
 sule large, long-pedicellate, orbicular-pyriform, the cells sur- 
 rounding the orifice transversely rectangular in multiple series; 
 lid convex-conical, obtusely apiculate or rostcllate. — Bryol. 
 Univ. i. 98 (under Gymnostonmni) ; Bryol. Eur. t. 299. Gi/m- 
 nostoimini pyriforme^ Hedw. Fund. Muse. ii. 87. 
 
 Hab. On wet open and shaded ground, wet meadows; very common. 
 The variety described below in Florida {Daniel B. Smith, Garher). 
 
 Plants very variable in size, appearance, color, etc., according to habi- 
 tat. Luxuriant in wet places, witli longer larger whitisli green leaves 
 and longer operculate capsule, on reaching dry ground it gradually be- 
 comes short and yellowish, with shorter-pedicellate nearly globose capsule 
 
 t,- 
 
 
 ^m 
 
 m 
 
 
 r 
 
\w 
 
 f t 
 
 
 II; 
 
 198 
 
 BliYACE^. 
 
 [Phyacomitrlum. 
 
 and shorter iiiamillate lid. A marked variety from Florida may be a dis- 
 tinct species. It lias longer narrower leaves, very llexuous and nearly 
 twisted, deeply dentate, and with stronger percurrent costa. The long 
 slender pedicellate capsule, with a short obtuse lid, is generally gibbous 
 on one side, widely enlarged at the orilice and cupuliforni when empty. 
 Another variety, (jlymnostoinum tortipes, Brid., has long flexuous slender 
 stems, with distant narrowly lanceolate acuminate leaves dentate at the 
 apex, the pyriform capsule distinctly intlated at the coUum and narrowed 
 at the oriHce. 
 
 4. P. Hookeri, llmnpe. Much like small forms oiP.pyri- 
 forme^ from which it differs in the broadly oval gradually acu- 
 minate leaves, with borders entire or very slightly serrulate 
 below the ajiex, by the j)rotrusion of the marginal cells, the 
 quadrate smaller upper cells, and the short thick pedicel of the 
 oval obconical capsule, which is slightly constricted under the 
 broad orifice, rugose and gradually passing into a thick unde- 
 fined collum. The annulus is thick, broad and persistent, 
 adhering to the orifice or falling piecemeal. — Icon. Muse, under 
 t. 30. Gymnostomum turbinatum, Michx. Fl. Bor.-Am. ii. 286. 
 G. latifoUum^ Drumm. Muse. Amer. n. 16 ; Schwacgr. Sujjpl. 
 iv., t. 304, 15. P. latlfoliam^ Lindb. Ofvers. Akad. xxi. 595 
 (18G4). P. hlans, Liiidb. Manip. Muse. i. 51 (1870); SulUv. 
 Icon. Muse. Suppl. 26, t. 16. 
 
 Hab. Wet meadows and marshy fields, in the Western States, often 
 mixed with P. pyrlforme. 
 
 5. P. acuminatum, Bruch & Schimp. Plants shorter 
 than in P. pyriform.e^ generally stouter and less divided : the 
 leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, concave, very entire or obscurely 
 serrate at the apex, yellowish-margined at the base ; costa per- 
 current or excurrent : calyptra large, sometimes persistent after 
 maturity of the capsule : capsule spherical with inflated col- 
 lum, constricted under the orifice when empty ; lid short, con- 
 vex, apiculate : spores large. — Bryol. Eur. t. 300. Gymnosto- 
 mum actaninatimiy Schleich. Cat. PI. Ilelv. ed. 4, 40. 
 
 IIab. Texas ( Uyiyht); Illinois (E. Hall). 
 
 6. P. turbinatum, Muell. ined. Plants cespitose, much 
 divided, straw-color : leaves open and flexuous, oblong and nar- 
 rowly lanceolate, distinctly acuminate by the excurrent costa, 
 entire at the apex ; areolation smaller and more compact : male 
 ])lants terminal: capsule long-pedicelled, broadly ovate-turbi- 
 nate ; lid small, rostrate. 
 
 Hab. Texas (Boll). 
 
Entoathodon.] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 199 
 
 From imperfect specimens kindly communicated by Mueller we And 
 that, as in i'. acuminatum, the leaves are entire at tlie apex, or nearly so, 
 and the form of the operculate capsule is nearly tlie same. It diu'jrs, 
 liowcver, in tlic larger leaves, not ovate but rather linear, the capsule 
 longer-pedicellatvi, without coiluni, and the lid longer-iuamillate or ol>- 
 tusely rostrate. The stems are much longer and more divided; the male 
 branches long, like the fertile innovations. 
 
 73. ENTOSTHODON, Schwaogr. (PI. 4.) 
 Plants annual or reproduced by innovations, 8iin]>le or brandl- 
 ing. Leaves variable, even in the same species, with a loose 
 hyaline soft areolation. Flowers nioncccious, terminal, the 
 male on the prhnary stems, the fertile on the innovations ; 
 antheridia short ; paraphyses inflated at the apex. Calyptra 
 vesiculose-cucuUate, long-beaked, shining. Cnpsulo thick, sub- 
 cernuous or pyriform in connection with its collum ; marginal 
 cells rectangular, in many transverse series ; lid small, plano- 
 convex. Peristome attached far below the orifice, either very 
 rudimentary, or, as in .ill the American species, of IG distantly 
 articulate teeth, trabeculate on the inside, narrow, confluent at 
 base. Annulus none. Spores large. 
 
 1. E. Drummondii, Sulliv. Plants cespitose, gregarious, 
 yellowish green ; stems very short : leaves tufted, obovate, 
 lanceolate or Ungulate-lanceolate, concave, more or less dis- 
 tinctly crenulate by the prominence of the yellowish marginal 
 cells : capsule short, symmetrical, oblong-i)yriform and enlarged 
 at the orifice when empty ; pedicel comparatively long, flexuous ; 
 lid convex, apicidate ; teeth linear-lanceolate, dark red, granu- 
 lose, striolate lengthwise ; articulations distant : spores red<li8h 
 brown, subpapillose. — Mosses of U. States, 51, t. 4, and Icon. 
 Muse. 91, t. 55 ; Sulliv. & Lesq. Muse. Bor.-Am. n. ISC- M 
 obtHsifolius, Hook. & Wils., Drumm. Muse. Am. (Coll. II.) 
 n. 36 ; not of Hook. fil. Ftmaria Drummondii^ Lindb. Manij>. 
 
 Muse. i. 62. 
 
 Hab. Moist clay soil, Louisiana (I)rummond)\ near Montgomery, 
 Alabama (Sulliv ant); rare. 
 
 2. E. Bolanderi, Lesq. Plants gregarious; stems longer 
 than in the last species : stem-leaves very few, the upper loosely 
 tufted, obovate, lanceolate-acuminate, with borders entire, 
 
 1 
 
 ■V 
 
 m 
 
 : M 
 
 n 
 
 in 
 
 
I il 
 
 Ml* 11- ■ 
 
 
 
 M>'^' 
 
 
 II ; 
 
 i 
 
 1 WmI 1 
 
 200 
 
 BRYACEyE. 
 
 l£H<o«</iO(/on. 
 
 hyaline; costa short, scarcely passinjjf above the ini<Mle : male 
 flowers in smaller buds at the base of the fertile ones: capsule 
 pyrifonn, gradually tlefluent to a long slightly inflated collum ; 
 li«l highly convex, mainillate ; teeth j>ale, whitish, granulose ; 
 articulations and dividing line very obscure. — Trans. Amer. 
 Phil. Soc. xiii. 10; Sulliv. & Lesq. Muse. lior.-Am. (ed. li), 
 n. 23G; Sulliv. Icon. Muse. Suj)pl. 28, t. 17. 
 
 II All. On clayey soil near the bay of San Francisco (BoUindir). 
 
 A very distinct species, even deviatinj; soniewliat from tlie generic 
 cliaracters in its broad very soft entire leaves, rostate only to the middle, 
 while in its inllorescence it resembles Finuirln, and in its calyptra, which 
 is live-lobed at base and rather mitrate, it is like a Physcomitrinm. 
 
 8. E. Templetoni, Schwaegr. More or less densely gre- 
 garioiis : stem-leaves few, distant, the upper tufted, broadly 
 obovate or spatulate-oblong, acuminate ; border narrow ; cells 
 more or less uneciual, yellow ; costa dividing below the acumen : 
 capsule defluent into a long collum, jjyriform, obconical and 
 truncate, furrowed when empty; teeth lanceolate-subulate, 
 reddish, j)apillose, distantly articulate ; articulations i)rominent 
 on the sides: spores verruculose. — Suppl. ii. 1. 44, t. 113; 
 Bryol. Eur. t. 802. Weissia Tenqiletoni^ Hook, in Curt. Fl. 
 Lond. i, t. l^^unaria attenuata^ Lindb. Manip. Muse. i. 63. 
 
 Uab. Swamp near Mendocino, California (Bolander). 
 
 74. PUNARIA, Schreb. (PI. 3.) 
 Habit, mode of growth, form of leaves, reticulation and 
 calyptra as in the preceding genus. Capsule gibbous, obtusely 
 pyriform, narrowed to a more or less elongated curved collum ; 
 pedicel generally long, straight, or arcuate above; lid plano- 
 convex ; annulus none or compound anr" revoluble. Peristome 
 rudimentary or more generally double, the outer of 16 teeth, 
 very hygrometrical, obliquely curving to the right, prominently 
 trabeculate on the inner side with purple striae, pale and granu- 
 lose on the outside, connected at the apex by a small reticulated 
 disk; inner membrane divided into 16 cilia opposite to the 
 outer teeth and adhering at the base, lanceolate or more or less 
 rudimentary, yellowish, with a longitudinal medial line, distantly 
 papillose. Sporangium much smaller than the capsule, attached 
 to it by loosely entangled filaments. Spores generally large. 
 
Funarla.] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 201 
 
 * Peristome perfect : annulna none, 
 
 1. F. Americana, Lin<II>. Plants Ninall, ^r(><;nrioiis or 
 loosely ct'spitoHc ; stciiis very short : K'uvi's half open, ohlonij- 
 ov.itt', at'uiniiiati', loosoly nri'olati', borders lu-arly oiitiro ; t'osta 
 excurrent : cajisulo oivct, Hul)C(.'rmioiis, ru;jfuloso at the loiii; 
 intlatcMl coUiiin ; pedici'l short, t\visti'<l to the k'ft in its lower 
 part, to the riu;ht in the upper when dry; lid eoiiieal, ohtuse. — 
 ()fvers. Akad. xx. IJUM, and xxi. T)!)? ; Sulliv. leoti. Muse. Sup|)l. 
 80, t. 19. J'\ Mahlenf)erf/ii^ Iledw. fil. in Turn. Muse. Ilihern. 
 lOG (name only) ; SehwaeLfr. Suppl. i. 2. 78, t. 00, mainly, exel. 
 deser. ; Sulliv. Mosses of IJ. Statt , 51. 
 
 II AH. Pennsylvania (Mulilcnhcnj, Juiiu'h). 
 
 2. P. Mediterranea, Lindb. 1. c. Plants ^ to 1 cm. lon<>:, 
 loosely eespitose : lower leaves distant, ohlonj^-laneeolate, de- 
 flexed, the up])er open, ereet or spreadin«^, ovate-oblonuf, 
 abruj)tly narrowed to a Ion}* filiform flexuous aeumen, ol)- 
 scuiely serrate or nearly entire above; costa vanishinj^ below 
 the apex: cai)sule clavate-pyriform; lid convex-conieal; pedicel 
 twisted both ways as in the preeedini^ species. — F. Muhlen- 
 berffii, Tur'i. in Koen. & Sims, Ann. Hot. ii. 198 ; Hryol. P^ur. 
 t. 303. I^. culcarea, Schimp. Syn. 320, excl. syn. ; Watson, 
 Bot. Calif, ii. 388, in part. 
 
 II All. California {BUielow, liolander). 
 
 3. F. calcarea, Wahl. Plants slightly larger than in the 
 former species: leaves oblong-lanceolate, gradually narrowed to 
 a straight acumen, sharply serrate: capsule obovate, turgid, 
 with a long less inflated collum ; pedicel longer, twisted to the 
 left its whole length. — Vet. Akad. Ilandl. xxvii. 137, t. 4, f. 2. 
 F. Ilihernica^ Hook, in Curt. Fl. Lond. ii, t. ; Bryol. Eur. 
 t. 304. 
 
 Hah. British America (Drummond)\ Utah (WaUon). 
 
 4. F. serrata, Brid. Plants short, dirty green, loosely 
 eespitose : leaves tufted, oblong-lanceolate or lingulate-lanceo- 
 late, short-pointed, serrate above; costa vanishing below the 
 apex: capsule pyriform on a long pedicel twisted to the left 
 when dry; lid convex, apiculate. — Muse. Recent. Suppl. ill. 
 70 ; Sulliv. Icon. Muse. 89, t. 54. 
 
 Hab. Moist clay banks and sand rocks, Southern States. 
 
 5. F. Galifornica, Sulliv. & Lesq. Plants very small, pale 
 green, loosely eespitose : stem-leaves few, small and distant ; 
 
w 
 
 |i 
 
 WfraliM'! ' 
 
 1 
 
 i • 
 
 . 'i ■ 
 
 'i 
 
 i 
 1 
 
 202 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 [Funaria. 
 
 upper Icavos tufted, erect, obloni^, Hhort-pointed, concave, very 
 entire; areolation more compact ; costa subcontinuouH: capsule 
 erect, oblonj^ or obovate, Hymmetrlcal, <(ra(lually narrowlni^ to 
 the Hhort collinn ; pedicel whort, utraij^ht, twisted to the left ; lid 
 convex, Hubconical. — Muhc. Uor.-Amer. Exsicc. (ed. 2), n. Ii38 ; 
 Sulliv. Icon. 3In.sc. Suppl. *J(), t. IH. 
 
 II All. Cluy soil; Auburn, Uklah, etc., California (liolandcr)', Oregon 
 (Hall). 
 
 # * Annulus larr/e, revolute, 
 
 C. P. convoluta, Ilampo. Plants short, loosely cespitose: 
 outer leaves spreading, with borders involute, the inner con- 
 volute, and infoldini^ the pedicel, obloni^-ovate, acute, entire; 
 costa percurrent: capsule obli(|uely ])yriform, more or less 
 plicate; pedicel rather long; lid umbonute, acute. — Linnuja, 
 XXX. 455. 
 
 IIau. Sierra Nevada, California (.T". A. Jintier). 
 
 Accordlnji to the autlior this species resembles F. calvesccns, Schwaegr., 
 differing In Its shorter leaves with a smaller areolation, the lid prominently 
 umbonate (not flat), and the teeth yellowish, not blackish. 
 
 7. F. flavicans, Michx. Plants soft, loosely cespitoso: 
 stem-leaves distant, very small ; uj>per leaves tufted, large, very 
 soft and loosely areolate, oblong-spatulate or obovate, entire ; 
 costa percurrent : ca]isule curved downward or horizontal, l)yri- 
 form, gradually .attenuated to a very long j)edicel ; lid plano- 
 convex, sub.apiculate. — Fl. Bor.-Am. ii. 308; SuUiv. Mosses of 
 U. States, 50, and Icon. Muse. 87, t. 5.3. 
 
 II An. Moist sanily and clayey ground; Mldille and Southern States. 
 
 It differs from F. hy(jromeMca In the pale color of the plants, espe- 
 cially of the capsule, the leaves more abruptly narrowed Into a long flex- 
 uous point, the mouth of the capsule more enlarged and less oblique, and 
 the spores larger. 
 
 8. P. hygrometrica, Sibth. Plants variable in dze, 
 simple or divided from the base : comal leaves erect, pressed 
 together, rarely open, oblong-ovate, 8hort-]>ointed, entire, cos- 
 tate to the .apex : capsule arched and turgi<l on the upper side, 
 pyriform, coriaceous, reddish, deei)ly furrowed ; pedicel very 
 long, flexuous ; lid convex, — Fl. Oxon. 288 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 305. 
 JInium hygrometricum^ Linn. Sj). PI. 1110. 
 
 Var. calvescens, Bruch & Schimp. Leaves open-spread- 
 ing, the comal flexuous on the borders, twisted when dry. — F. 
 calvescensy Schwaegr. Supj)]. i. 2. 77, t. 65. 
 
Bart.'amht.] 
 
 miYACE.E. 
 
 203 
 
 Vai*. patula, nnu'h *fe Scliiinp. C»miJiI h'avt'H narrower, 
 sprt'adin"^; costu percurrciit. — /'. Jiaocntliiy Aiwl., Coult. IJot. 
 CJa/. i. 'Jt). 
 
 IlAii. DftH! Kroiiml, moist sand and rocks; very common. The varlo- 
 tluH nioHtly in tin; So ilhcrn Slates. 
 
 i). F. microstoma, Uruch & Schlmi*. Differs from the 
 last ill its smaller size, the eapsule pyriforiii, more tur^x''' J>"<1 
 thicker, dark hrowii and shinin<;, the lid much smaller and 
 mamillate, the internal peristome very imperfect, ami the spores 
 twice as lart^e. — IJryol. Eur. t. JiOH. 
 
 II An. Moist gravelly ground; .Soda Springs on the Upper Tuolumne, 
 California (Itoluudir); Illinois {I'utUrnoUf iSchncck), 
 
 'CmuK XL BAUTUAMIK.K. 
 
 Plants perennial, dichotomous or branching by suhHoral 
 innovations. Leaves varyin<^ from ov.'ite-lanceolate to subulate, 
 costate, papillose on both faces; areolation minute and ijuad- 
 rato above, loose and hexai;onal-rectan<jfular at base. Flowers 
 bisexual, moiuecious or ditecious, the male ujenerally discoid in 
 the dia'cious species. Calyptra small, cucullate, very fugacious. 
 Capsule spherical or nearly so, without colluni or with an indis- 
 tinct one, cernuous or rarely erect, plaited-striate when dry or 
 ran^ly smooth. Lid small, muticous. Peristome none or sim- 
 ])le or more generally double with the segments of the inner 
 membrane split into two diverging parts; cilia none or simple 
 and more or less distinct. Annulus none. 
 
 75. BARTRAMIA, Iledw. (PI. 3.) 
 
 Stems erect and dichotomons, radiculose-tomentose below. 
 Leaves opaque, yellowish green, half-clasping or subdecurrent 
 at base, serrate at the apex ; costa round, vanishing with the 
 apex or passing above it into a point hispid on the back. 
 Capsule globose or broadly ovate ; lid small, convex or obtusely 
 pointed. Teeth of the outer peristome attached to the basilar 
 membrane passing above the orifice, lanceolate, transversely 
 articulate, lamellate inside, marked on the back by a dividing 
 line. Spores minute, hispid, yellowish brown. 
 
 [m 
 
 hi 
 
 
 m 
 
 1 
 
 ■!^m 
 
 i 
 
 • ' 
 
 t 
 
 
 r'AWk 
 
 i. 
 
 
 ffffl 
 
204 
 
 UUYACE.E. 
 
 [Ihirlramia, 
 
 
 
 
 •, f-: 
 
 |: 
 
 
 1, M 
 
 f < 
 
 '1 
 
 i 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 • CiipHule ererty sytnnwti'ind : peristome none or niniple. 
 
 \. B. Menziesii, Turn. IManN more or Ions dciiscly ccHpi* 
 toHc; Hti'iiiH f) to 10 (Mil. loii;{ or more, siiiipU' or sparingly 
 lirancluMl, hrowii within the tiii'tN, l)ri<;ht or yellowish ^rceii 
 altove : IfavoH closi'ly iiiihricatc, erect or half open, eiuicave, 
 plieate aihl retlexed oil the borders at the enlarj^ed ovate base, 
 laiieeolate, HtilMilate-deiitate ahovu; cuHtii Htoiit, pereurreiit, 
 roii^^h on the hack; perieluetial leaves Niinilar; perii^onial 
 broadly ovate, deeply concave at base, abruptly loiiif-subulale, 
 Hcalu'oiis on the back: flowers did'cious; male |)lants Hiin|il(*, 
 shorter, the flowers terminal or lateral by innovations, ^ennna< 
 ceons; antheridia curved, yellowish brown with numerous long 
 filiform paraphyses; fruitin<j; flowers lateral by innovations: 
 capsule erect, broadly oval, symmetrical, pale brown ; pedicel 
 short, 1 to '2 m.m. lontf, pale red or dark yellow, twisted to the 
 left; lid conical, obtuse : ])eristome simple, of lU short lanceolate 
 irregularly articulate reddish teetli, sometimes rudimentary or 
 none. — Koen. & Sims, Ann. Uot. i. 525, t. 11, f. 1; Hook. 
 Muse. Exot. t. 07 ; Schwaegr. Suppl. iii, t. '240 ; Siilliv. & 
 Lesq. Muse. IJor.-Am. Exsicc. (ed. 2), n. 251); Sulliv. Icon. 
 Suppl. yy, t. 20. G/i/jthocarjHi JJaueri, Ilampe, Linmea, xxx. 
 457. 
 
 IlAH. California, not rare; Spokan Falls ( M'dtson). The normal form 
 on shaded rocks in the woods, varyini; on dry exposeil rocks. 
 
 The species varies according to Its habitat. On dry exposed rocks the 
 stems are shorter, tlie slightly shorter and narrower leaves, appressed 
 when dry, are open and erect when moistened ; tlie capsule is somewhat 
 longer and narrower; the peristome either wanting or fragmentary and 
 reduced to a pellucid membrane more or less irregularly lacerated. This 
 is the variety n. 200 of the Muse. Exsicc. (n. 251) by mistake), and repre- 
 sents Gli/phocarpa llnnerl. It Is not possible to ascertain which of the 
 two forms represents the original species of Hooker, as no author appears 
 to have seen the peristome complete. The specimens In Taylor's herba- 
 rium have longer stems and short oval capsule, like the normal form, but 
 no peristome, and therefore combine characters of both forms. 
 
 2. B. subulata, Bruch & Schimp. Plants in short com- 
 pact tufts ; stems slender : upper leaves more densely crowded, 
 erect-open, strict, rigid, glaucous-green when young, linear- 
 subulate and sharply serrate above the ovate half-clasping base; 
 costa subpercurrent : flowers androgynous : antheridia mixed 
 with the archegonia or separated by a single leaf only : capsule 
 on a strict short reddish pedicel, globose-ovate, marked from 
 
liartrnmln.] 
 
 DHYACF.K. 
 
 205 
 
 till' m'nMIt' iipwiinl with olmcuri' Htiiji*, f»rn»w»'(l-|>lu'alt' wlu'ii 
 dry iiikI «'rnj>ty ; lul small, convrx, conical ; tvvtU cither jtrcst'iit, 
 narrow, iiii«'(|iial aii<l orani;c-colori>(l, or absent an<l the oriticu 
 Hiirrotin<lc«I by a short thin jicllucitl membrane. — Bryol. Kur. 
 
 t. aia. 
 
 IIaii. Co\ovm\o [lininih'jce); Sitka {Itothrock); Flower liny, Alanka 
 {IhiU). 
 
 8. B. dtricta, Hri*!. Tufts compact, uflauconM-urceii above : 
 leaves «»|ien, erect, strict, straight and t'ra^^ile when dry, lanceo- 
 late-subulate, serrate above; meshes of the areolation smaller 
 than in the precedin;^ species; <'osta excnrrcnt into a spinescent 
 awn: tlowerw bisexual: capsule ovate-n^lobose, cre<t, rarely 
 slij^htly ccrmjous, sidcate-ribbed when dry; pedicel strict, 
 obscurely tetraj^onal above and twisted to the ri.uht ; lid con- 
 vex, obtuse, short-niamillate and erosc ; teeth either rejjular 
 and entire or irrej^ular at the borders, perforati'*] aloni; the 
 dividiim line, yellow: sp<»res verrucose. — Muse. Kecent. ii. ii. 
 132, t. 1, f. 5; IJryol. p:ur. t. JJIO. 
 
 II AH. Ivocks noar San Francisco {Jiuldtulcr, GibhonH)\ Colorado 
 {Parry). 
 
 * * Capsdle curved ; lid oblique ; perintome double. 
 
 4. B. ithyphylla, JJrid. I. c. Stems lonj,'er than in tho 
 last: leaves open-erect, strict, enlarijcd, white and claspini^ at 
 base, linear-subulate an«l coarsely serrate above; costa thick, 
 gradually occupying the whole lamina above : flowers isexual: 
 capsule globose-oblong, more <listinctly curved and deeply fur- 
 rowed when <lry ; lid conical-obtuse ; teeth reddish brown, irreg- 
 ularly perforated, sometimes bifid at the apex ; inner segmentH 
 yellow, cleft, much shorter than the teeth. — liryol. Eur. t. 317. 
 
 II AH. Fissures of rocks on mountains; White Mountains, Adiron- 
 (lacks, l?ocky Mountains, Sierra Nevada and Cascade Moiuitains, Sitka, 
 etc. Also rarely on the plains; Fayette County, Peinisylvania (Kiihjht). 
 Varies with shorter fra,^ile leaves, not as .. hite at the base, and not as 
 abruptly narrowed above it. 
 
 5. B. Gideriana, Swartz. Plants slender, loosely ttifted, 
 dark green above : leaves open and recurved, soft, twisted when 
 dry, narrowly lanceolate, plicate, earinate and serrate toward the 
 apex ; borders more or less revolute ; costa narrow, percurrent, 
 serrate on the back above : flowers bisexual : capstile small, 
 globose or ovate-oblong, incurved and ribbed when dry ; pedi- 
 cel slender and slightly curved, of medium length; lid and 
 
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 206 
 
 BRYACE/E. 
 
 [Bartramia. 
 
 peristome as in the following. — Schracl. Journ. Bot. iv. 180. 
 Ji. f/racilis, Floerke ; Muell. Syn. i. 508. H. (Ederi^ Sebwaegr. 
 Suppl. i. 2. 49, t. 59; Bryol. Eur. t. 318. 
 
 Had. On wet rocks in mountains, or northward, from New England to 
 tlic Ho'?ky Mountains and Canada. 
 
 Variable, in more or less compact densely tcmentose tufts. The dark 
 preen color of the tutts, tiie slender Ptems, and the shorter leaves give to 
 this moss an appearance different from that of the following species. 
 
 C. B. pomiformis, Iledw. Tufts deep, flat and wide, or 
 smaller and pulvinate, yellowish green above, ])ale brown and 
 tomentose within: leives open or erect-spreading, curved or 
 cirrhate when dry, lanceolate, carinate, sharply serrate above, 
 the borders revolute from the middle downward ; costa j)er- 
 current or excurrent into a short spinulose awn : flowers an- 
 drogynous (male and female flowers contiguous) : capsule 
 .-.pherical, long-pedicellate ; outer teeth regular, densely articu- 
 late; segments shorter than the teeth, cleft oj)en ; cilia simple, 
 short or rudimentary. — Spec. Muse. 164 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 319. 
 Hryum poniiforme^ Linn. Sp. PI. 1115. 
 
 Var. crispa, Schimp. Stems and leaves longer, narrower, 
 cirrhate-twisted when dry : capsule short-pedicellaie. — B. 
 crispuy Swartz. 
 
 Has. Shady banks and fissures of rocks; common on the eastern 
 slope, in valleys and mountains; Columbia River, Oregon {Hall, Nevius). 
 
 7. B. Halleriana, Hedw. Plants soft, in bright green 
 tufts: leaves long, naiTowly subulate from an enlarged whitish 
 lialf-clasping base, serrulate above, spreading all around the 
 stems or inclined on one side, flexuous when dry : flowers as in 
 the preceding species : capsule on a short curving pedicel, often 
 binate, becoming lateral or as if axillary by the continuous inno- 
 vations of the stems, pale brown ; lid very small, convex-coni- 
 cal ; teeth dark brown, incurved when dry. — Muse. Frond, ii. 
 Ill, t. 40 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 320. 
 
 Hab. Rocky Mountains, Portage River (Drifntmond). 
 
 8. B. radicalis, Beau v. Plants soft, loosely tufted, glau- 
 cous-green, lomentose their whole length ; stems short, prostrate 
 at base, branching from below the floriferous apex : leaves 
 erect, open and subsecund, linear-lanceolate, cuspidate by the 
 excurrent costa, sharply serrate, papillose on the inner face 
 only ; perichsetial broadly ovate, abruptly and narrowly long- 
 aouminate from the eula^'ged base : flowers monoecious, the 
 
m 
 
 I iiA 
 
 Conoatomum.] 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 207 
 
 male gemmacoous, close to the fertile ones ; pcrigonial leaves 
 broadly coijicave at base, long-subulate above : capsule on a long 
 slender flexuous pedicel, globose, subhorizontal ; lid very small, 
 conical-apiculate ; teeth lanceolate-subulate at the apex, dark 
 orange, longer than the segments; cilia short or rudimentary. 
 — Prodr. 44 ; SuUiv. Mosses of U. States, 50, and Icon. Muse. 
 85, t. 52. 
 
 Had. On the ground in wet springy places and margins of swamps in 
 the Southern States; not uncommon. 
 
 Allied to li. rigida, a European species, which has less linear leaves 
 with only the lower surface papillose, refloxed margins, a thicker shorter 
 pedicel, and an oblong-globose capsule with a thicker outer membrane. 
 
 B. WiLSONi, Muell., is reported in Rau & Ilervey's catalogue as found 
 in New .Jersey by Austin. We have seen no other mention and no speci- 
 mens of it. It is a small plant, with soft subsecund leaves; capsules ag- 
 gregated in the same perichoetlum, very soft, on arcuate pedicels, globose- 
 pyriform, without peristome. 
 
 76. OONOSTOMUM, Swartz. (PI. 3.) 
 Plants erect, in small compact tufts, fastigiately branching, 
 tomentose-radiculose. Stem-leaves equal, the comal longer, 
 densely crowded, imbricate in five ranks, the stem appearing 
 pentagonal ; areolation of the leaves the same as in Bartramia. 
 Flowers dicEcious, the male discoid. Calyi)tra cucullate, per- 
 sistent. Capsule long-pedicellate, cernuous, inflated, obovate 
 from a short collum ; lid small, straight-beaked. Peristome 
 simple, of 16 solid linear-lanceolate teeth, joined into a cone 
 and agglutinate at the apex. 
 
 1. 0. boreale, Swartz. Tufts glaucous-green above : lower 
 leaves lanceolate, costate to below the apex, the upper narrowly 
 lanceolate, longer cus[)idate by the excurrent costa, .'^11 carinate, 
 serrate above, opaque and brittle ; perichaetial leaves numerous, 
 larger, thinner, with a slender costa ; outer perigonial leaves 
 lanceolate from a broadly concave base, the inner gradually 
 shorter : capsule sulcatc when dry, cernuous ; teeth latticed, 
 purple. — Schrad. Neu. Journ. Bot. i. 3. 26, t. 4. Bryum tetrag- 
 onum^ Dicks. Fasc. Crypt, ii. 8, t. 4. Bartramia conostoma, 
 Bruch & Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 322. 
 
 Hab. White Mountains {Oakes, James); Adirondack Mountains 
 (Lesquereux); Rocky Mountains (Drummond) ; Alaska (Dall). 
 
 s 
 
 5 :^ £1 
 
 i 
 
M 
 
 Nil! 
 
 208 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [PkilonoiiB. 
 
 77. PHILONOTIS, Brid. 
 
 i 
 
 Plants short, reclining at base, or long and ereci, branching 
 by dichotonious innovations and by fasciculate branchlets ver- 
 ticillate in fours at the floriferous apex, radiculose-tonientose. 
 Stem-leaves nearly equal, small for the size of the plants, erect 
 or a little inclined to one side, lanceolate, sharply serrate, papil- 
 lose on the angles of the areoles. Flowers monoDcious and 
 diujcious, the male discoid in the dia'cious plants. Capsule 
 long-pedicelled, cernuous, globose, striate. Lid small, oblique. 
 Inner peristome distinctly ciliate. 
 
 1. P. Muhlenbergii, Brid. Diu?cious: plants loosely and 
 widely cespitose ; branches numerous, nearly simple, slender, 
 tlexuous, with fasciculate branchlets: stem-leaves erect, sub- 
 secund on the fruiting stems, lanceolate, acute, remotely cir- 
 rhate, bright green ; costa thick, rusty, excurrent ; inner perichie- 
 ti.al leaves much smaller, lanceolate, obtuse, tender, whitish, 
 strongly nerved : capsule globose, horizontal, very short- 
 necked, ribbed ; lid convex, acuminate or mucronate ; segments 
 nearly as long as the teeth ; cilia 2, short, rudimentary. — 
 Bryol. Univ. ii. 22. Bartramia 3fuhl€nbergii^ Schwaegr. 
 Suppl. i. 2. 58, t. 61, JB. Marchica^ Sulliv. Mosses of U. 
 States, 49. 
 
 Var. tenella, Brid. Very small, densely cespitose ; branch- 
 lets 5 to 10, unequal, secund or recurved, short and slender: 
 leaves short, lanceolate; capsule globose-oblong. — Bartramia 
 tenella^ Muell. Syn. i. 481. 
 
 Hab. Springs in sandy hills and rocks; common in Ohio and Pennsyl- 
 vania. The variety is given in Rau & Hervey's catalogue on Austin's 
 authority as from Florida. It is a West Indian and South American form. 
 
 The characters indicated by Schwaegrichen and Mueller as separating 
 this species from P. Marchica, Brid., are not important. They consist 
 merely in the numerous long simple slender fasciculate branches, which 
 in P. Marchica are described as of various lengths, and in the inner peri- 
 choitial leaves much smaller than the external ones, obtuse, strongly 
 nerved and whitish, while in P. Marchica they are as long or even longer. 
 
 2. P. Macounii. Plants very short and slender, loosely 
 cespitose, dirty or yellowish green: leaves narrowly ovate- 
 lanceolate, long-acuminate, subulate, strongly serrate and flex- 
 uous to the apex ; areolation quadi-ate, slightly papillose ; 
 
Philonotia.] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 209 
 
 branch-leaves smaller, subfalcate ; perigonial leaves open-erect 
 or somewhat spreading, fle luous, lanceolate-acuminate from a 
 broadly oval much enlarged base; perichajtial leaves longer, 
 striate, subulate : capsule ovate or subglobose, greenish yellow, 
 cernuous, on a short thick blood-red pedicel ; lid conical, acute ; 
 segments a little shorter than the teeth ; cilia none. 
 
 Hah. Vancouver Island (Macoiin). 
 
 A slender delicate species related to P. Muhlenberr/ii, differing in the 
 lon<;er-aeuininate subulate leaves, with shorter quadrate and less papillose 
 areolatlon, the perigonial leaves longer and acuminate, flexuous at the 
 point, etc. The form of the capsule is the same; the pedicel shorter, 
 thick, not geniculate at base. 
 
 3. P. fontana, Brid. In wide more or less compact yel- 
 lowisli green tufts; s^jms long, simple or dichotomous ; branch- 
 lets verticillate, nearly equal : leaves often of two forms, either 
 small, ov<ate, obtusely pointed and apprcssed to the stems, or 
 larger, ovate-lanceolate, acute, erect and open or socund ; costa 
 excurrent into a short bristly point ; perichsetial leaves linear- 
 lanceolate, plicate at the base, all serrate, papillose, glaucous- 
 green and opaque : male flowers broadly discoid ; inner peri- 
 gonial leaves ovate, lanceolate, spreading above the erect con- 
 cave base, blunt or subacute, densely serrate : capsule on a long 
 solid slightly flexuous pedicel, cernuous, ovate-globose, of thick 
 texture, striate, longer oblong and ribbed when old ; lid convex- 
 conical, acute; teeth purple, lanceolate; cilia two, as long as 
 the segments. — Bryol. Univ. ii. 18. Mnium fontatmm^ Linn. 
 Spec. PI. 1110. Bartramia fontana^ Swartz, in Schrad. Journ. 
 Bot. ii. 180 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 324; Sulliv. 1. c. 
 
 Var. alpina, Brid. Plants short, densely foliate : leaves 
 shorter, ovate-lanceolate : capsule shorter pedicelled. 
 
 Var, falcata, Brid. Branches curved at top : leaves 1 >nger, 
 falcate ; costa thick, light brown. 
 
 II An. On the borders of springs and rivulets, and on moist rocks; very 
 common. The first variety on high mountains, the second near springs 
 in valleys and on mountains; not common. 
 
 4. P. calcarea, Schimp. Much like the last, differing in 
 its thicker wider bright green tufts and more robust stems ; 
 leaves larger, crowded, secund or falcate-secund, ovate-lanceo- 
 late, those of the male branches often smaller and imbricate, 
 all loosely areolate with a stouter costa, the perigonium large 
 and open, and the involucral leaves long-lanceolate from an en- 
 
 If! 
 
 p., i-fl 
 t^ I fl 
 
y ■ 
 
 
 210 
 
 BRYACEiE. 
 
 [Philonoiia, 
 
 largod base, acute, the costa projecting on the upper face : cap- 
 sule on a very long subflexuous pedicel, oval-globose or exactly 
 spherical, oblong, curved and closely furrowed when dry ; teeth 
 shorter, more distantly .articulate, and the cilia nearly half as 
 long as the segments. — Coroll. 8G. JJartramia calcarea^ Bruch 
 & Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 325 ; Muell. Syn. i. 475. 
 
 Had. Calcareous springs, hills and mountains; rare. White Moun- 
 tains {Oakea) ; Iluniholilt MountairiS, Nevada, and in the Uintas ( Watson). 
 
 The Iiabitat of this species in North America is still uncertain. The 
 specimens that were determined and distributcu under this nainr in Sulliv. 
 & Lesq. Muse. Bor.-Amer. Exsicc. (ed. 2), n. 250, have been considered 
 by Schimper as a marked variety of P. fontana, or as an intermediate 
 form. 
 
 5. P. Mohriana. Dicecious : the stems short and stout, 
 densely foliate, radiculose below ; branches thick, unequal, gen- 
 erally short, strict: stem-leaves also very strict, oi>en in a dry 
 or humid state, dirty yellow, broadly and exactly lanceolate, 
 long-acuminate, indistinctly plicate lengthwise, irregularly con- 
 cave at base ; borders narrowly revolute, densely serrulate- 
 denticulate at the apex, nodulose in the lower part by project- 
 ing papilla) ; costa deeply canaliculate, excurrent into an awn- 
 like point ; cells of the areolation long, narrow, linear-punctate, 
 papillose ; pericha3tial leaves similar, broader at base, loosely 
 reticulate : capsule on a flexuous stout red pedicel as long as 
 the stem, slightly oblique, larger, globose, plicate ; lid minute, 
 umbonate ; peristome double, normal. — Bartramia Mohriana., 
 Muell., liegensb. Flora, Ivi. 482 (1873). 
 
 Hab. Decayed trunlcs in deep woods; Louisiana (3/o/ir). 
 
 Differing from P. fontana and P. calcarea in its short stature, and the 
 leaves very strict, lanceolate, loosely reticulate and very papillose. Dr. 
 Mohr remarks in a letter that the species is very near P. Schlumberr/eri, 
 a Mexican species, and that he is in doubt of its being North American, 
 having failed to find it again in Louisiana. 
 
 Tribe XII. MEESIE^. 
 
 Plants varying in size, simple or branching by innovations, 
 radiculose-tomentose. Leaves 3-8-ranked, lanceolate or linear- 
 oblong. Calyptra fugacious. Capsule long-pedicellate and 
 long-necked. Lid small, convex or conical. Peristome double ; 
 teeth of the outer much shorter than the carinate-plicate inner 
 membrane (absent in Catoscopium)^ which is divided into 16 
 
Amblyodon.] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 211 
 
 segments, sometimes partly cohering by the lacerate borders ; 
 cilia none or rudimentary. 
 
 78. OATOSOOPIUM, Brid. 
 
 Plants slender. Leaves open, erect, lanceolate, acutely acu- 
 minate with a strong percurrent costa ; pcriclwetial leaves 
 longer, half-sheathing to the middle ; areolation small, quad- 
 rate-oblong or rectangular, 0[)aque. Flowers liceeious, the 
 male geminiform. Calyptra long, narrowly cucullate. Ca))- 
 sule small, globose, thick, dark brown, black when old, polished, 
 uarrowed by its short collum to the twisted pedicel (1 or 2 cm. 
 long). Lid short, conical, obtuse. Peristome simj)le ; teeth 
 short, irregular, punctulate. Annulus none. 
 
 1. O. nigritum, Brid. The only species, with the char- 
 acters of the genus. — Bryol. L^niv. i. 3G8, t. 4 ; Bryol. Eur. 
 t. 313. Weisia nigrita^ Iledw. Muse. Frond, iii. 97, t. 30. 
 
 IIab. Lake Superior, in boggy meadows (Aijussiz); Lalce Huron, 
 Ontario (Macoun). 
 
 A very rare species in North America, easily known by its small globose 
 blackish capsules, resembling piiiheads. The genus, thougli abnormal in 
 its characters, is mor(t nearly related to the Meesiem than to any other 
 group of mosses. 
 
 79. AMBLYODON. Beauv. 
 
 Plants short. Leaves remote, few, the upper tufted, all thin, 
 soft, very loosely areolate. Flowers bisexual and unisexual on 
 the same plants, the male with few or no archegonia. Capsule 
 thin, stomatose. Lid narrowly conical. Teeth half as long as 
 the narrow segments ; cilia none. 
 
 1. ^. dealbatus, Beauv. Leaves oblong-ovate and Ungu- 
 late-lanceolate, the comal only minutely serrate toward the 
 acuminate apex, whitish when old, twisted when dry; costa 
 dirty brown, vanishing below the apex: capsule soft, long- 
 pyriform, turgid and attenuated to a long neck, which is 
 abruptly narrowed to a long fleshy pedicel, twisted to the left 
 when dry: spores large. — Prodr. 41; Bryol. Eur. t. 307. 
 Bryum dealbatuniy Dicks. Crypt. Fasc. ii. 8, t. 5. Meesia 
 
 'ill 
 
 
 m 
 
 ' \ % 
 
 H 
 
 ?i 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 imII 
 
 H; 
 
 ihhU 
 
 ^K 
 
^^ 
 
 
 m: 
 
 212 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Jfeesia. 
 
 dealhatn^ Ilodw. Spec. Muse. 174, t. 41. Meeaia Macoimii^ 
 Aust. Hull. Ton-. Club, v. 22. 
 
 II All. l{jnk'rs of rivulets in peatbogs; Milwaukie {Lesqnereux, Lap- 
 liKin); ('oloiiulo (Itidhrock, Wo\J')\ clay ground arouud boiling springs, 
 I'eace liiver eoinitry (Macomi). 
 
 An examination of the speciujens described as Meeaia Macnunii provt's 
 them to be evhlcntly ordinary Ambli/odon dealhatitH. Though the 
 medial nerve is said to extend into the apex it is found in all the leaves to 
 vanish below it, us in the normal foim. The specimens are in a poor 
 state of preservation, but are identifiable. 
 
 80. MEESIA, Ilcdw. (PI. 3.) 
 Stems long, densely eespitose, with few branches; innova- 
 tions fi'om under the flowers. Leaves long, linear, narrowly 
 lanceolate; nieslies of the areolation small, rectangular-hex- 
 agonal, clilorophyllose. Flowers bisexual, monoecious or dicc- 
 cious, the male discoid with clavate paraphyses. Caly[)tra 
 ciicullate, fugacious. Capsule cernuous from the erect collum, 
 clavate, thick-walle<l, with a small orifice. Annulus simple or 
 none. 
 
 1. M. uliginosa, Hedw. Synoeeious: in dense short tufts, 
 green above, ent.'uigled in a felt of brown radicles: leaves 8- 
 ranked, gradually longer upwjird, the comal long-linear, all 
 blunt or obtuse, the borders entire and revolute ; costa thick, 
 vanishing below the apex : capsule incurved, narrowly j^yrifortn, 
 chestnut-color; lid conical-umbonate ; peristome orange ; annu- 
 lus simple. — Muse. Frond, i. 1, t. 1 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 308. Ata- 
 bli/odnm ulif/lnosum^ Beau v. Prodr. 41. 
 
 Var. alpina, Bruch & Schimp. More densely tufted : 
 leaves strict or turned to one side : capsule and pedicel shorter. 
 — Jf. afpina, Funck. 
 
 Var. minor, Bruch & Schimp. Plants short: leaves erect, 
 short, muticous : capsule short, thick, and short-pedicelled. — J/. 
 rninor^ Brid. 
 
 Hah. Boggy places and in wet fissures of rocks on mountains; Minne- 
 sota, Ontario, etc., not rare; the varieties in the White Mountains. 
 
 2. M. longiseta, Hedw. Synoeeious: stems long, simple: 
 leaves remote, the lower lanceolate, shorter, the upper long- 
 lanceolate, all slightly decurrent, open, crisjiate when dry ; 
 borders plane, very entire ; costa vanishing below or within the 
 
PuliuU'lln.] 
 
 DIIYACE.E. 
 
 213 
 
 acute apex : capsule erect, obloiiij-pyrlfonn at tlie collum, cer- 
 nuous above, very long-pedieelled, pale brown; li<l conical- 
 obtuse; teeth of the outer peristome not half as long as the 
 segments; annulus sim])le. — Muse. Frond, i. 30, t. lil, 22; 
 Brvol. Eur. t. 309. 
 II All. Cranberry swamps in Xorthern Oliio; not rare. 
 
 3. M, Albertinii, Bruch & Schimp. 3Ion(ecious : shorter 
 and more slender than the preceding: leaves carinate, blunt or 
 acute at the apex, tlie borders reflexe<l: tlouers all unisexual: 
 pedicel and collum shorter; lid umbonate; teeth very short, 
 perforated in the mi<l<lle or bitid, scarcely one-third as long as 
 the segments; annulus none. — Bryol. Eur. t. 310. 
 
 IIau. Swaujps near York J'actory, Uritish America {Drummond). 
 
 4. M. tristicha, Bruch & Schimp. Ditrcious: plants 
 widely and loosely cespitose, very long, dark green : leaves 
 three-ranked, distant, more crowded toward the apex, half- 
 clasping and decurrent at base, squarrose, carinate, sharply den- 
 tate on the borders, the comal longer and narrower: male 
 flowers discoid ; perichtetium trigonal, composed of six leaves, 
 narrowly acuminate from a very broad base : capsule on a very 
 long pedicel, pyriform, incurved from the long erect collum; 
 lid convex-conical, Jilveolate; teeth short, unequal, often bifid; 
 segments appendiculate, linear, very long, three times as long 
 as the teeth, dirty yellow: spores small. — Bryol. Eur. t. 311. 
 Milium tri(/uetrum, Linn. Sp. PI. 1114. 
 
 II AB. Peat bogs, generally with M. longiseta. Lake Superior (Jfifrtssiz^ 
 Porter)] Closter, New Jersey {Austin); Washington Terr. (Lyall); rare. 
 
 81. PALUDELLA, Ehrh. 
 Plants loosely and widely cespitose : stems simple or dividing 
 by a simple shoot under the apex, tomentose-radiculose. Leaves 
 all equal, close, five-ranked, decurrent, erect to the middle and 
 there abruptly reflexed, acutely carinate, irregularly denticulate 
 toward the apex and radiculose at base; perichajtial leaves 
 erect, narrower, flexuous, subvaginate ; areolation round-hex.ig- 
 onal, dense. Flowers dioecious, the male discoid : perigonial 
 leaves broadly ovate, apiculate. Calyptra long, very narrow, 
 fugacious. Capsule long-pedicellate, short-necked, erect or sub- 
 cernuous, oblong, smooth when dry. Lid convex, short-apicu- 
 
 nil 
 
 jiij 
 
, ,1 1, 
 
 214 
 
 BRYACEiE. 
 
 [Paludella. 
 
 late. Poristomc as in Wtbera, the outer teeth as long as the 
 carinate linear segments ; cilia none. Annulus double. 
 
 1. P. squarrosa, Bri<l. Characters of the genus. — JNIusc. 
 l{ocent. Suitpl. iii. 72 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 312. JJrt/um equarroaum, 
 IKmIw. Spec. Muse. ISO, t. 44. 
 
 II All. lioiiH in the Kocky Mountains {Dnirnmond)\ Herkimer County, 
 New York (Uaii). A very rare and beautiful moss. 
 
 li 
 
 Tribe XIII. BRYE^E. 
 
 Plants varying in size. Stems simple, branching by innova* 
 tions, more or less railiculose. Leaves costate, often dentate ; 
 areolation nearly uniform, j)arenchymato8e in the whole lamina 
 or prosenchyniatose toward the a])ex, generally smooth. Male 
 flow(?r8 gemmiform c. discoid. Calyptra cucullate, smooth. 
 Capsule globose or ovate or pyriform, cernuous or horizontal or 
 pendent, rarely erect, with a distinct stomatose collum, long- 
 j>edicellate. Lid mamillate, rarely rostrate. Peristome rarely 
 absent or 8im])le, generally double and large ; outer teeth trans- 
 versely barred, marked externally and lengthwise by a medial 
 line, the inner formed by the keeled lanceolate segments of the 
 basilar membrane, alternating with the outer teeth, sometimes 
 adherent to them, separated or not by one to three filiform 
 cilia, either nodose or appendiculate. 
 
 82. MIELIOHHOPERIA, Hornsch. 
 Flowers lateral at or above the base of the stem or of the 
 annual innovations. Leaves lanceolate, shining, serrate; areo- 
 lation narrowly hexagonal-rhomboidal or linear, uniform. Male 
 flowers gemmiform or the antheridia in the axils of perichaetial 
 leaves. Calyptra cuculliform, very small and fugacious. Peri- 
 stome simple, of 16 narrow distantly trabeculate teeth proceed- 
 ing from an internal carinately 16-plicate membrane. Annulus 
 large. 
 
 1. M. nitida, Nees & Hornsch. Dioecious : plants in com- 
 pact tufts ; stems divided into fastigiate slender filiform innovar 
 
L('j)tobri/nm.\ 
 
 BUYACE.B. 
 
 215 
 
 ( 
 
 tioiis: It'avi's Hinall, erect, imbricate when ilry, lanceolate, coh- 
 tate to near the siiarply werrate apex : capsule pyrit'orni or oval, 
 with a loni^ colliun, Hyininetrical, erect or ohiiipie ; pedicel 
 slender, Hexnous; lid 8hort-conical, obtuse; peristome Hiniple ; 
 teeth narrowly Hneur, with nodose articulations, yellowish ; 
 annuluH compound, rev«)lul>le. — Hryol. (ierm. ii. 183, t. 41; 
 IJryol. Eur. t. 3'J8. Weisia Mielichhoferi^ Hook. Muse. Kxot. 
 t. 10. 
 
 Var. macrocarpa, 3Iuell. Leaves more obtuse: innova- 
 tions clavate and more densely foliate. — Syn. i. liJi5. M'eisia 
 macrocui'pa, Drnmm. Muse. Amer. n. 74. 
 11 AU. Kucky Muuntaiiis (iJnuninond). 
 
 83. LEPTOBRYUM, Schimp. 
 Plants slender, radiculose at base. Leaves narrow, flexuous, 
 subulate, j^dossy; areolation (as in Wef/ent) linear-rhomboidal 
 above, the lower looser, rectangular-hexagonal. Flowers bisex- 
 ual. Calyptra very small. Capsule inclined or pen<leut. Lid 
 mamillate. Peristome double ; articulations of the intermediate 
 cilia ajjpendiciilate. Sporangium smaller than in Jiri/um. 
 
 1. L. pyriforme, Schimp. Plants loosely cespitose, soft, 
 green, glossy ; stem short : lower leaves distant, narrowly 
 lanceolate, the npper tufted, much longer, lanceolate-subul.nte, 
 more or less serrate toward the apex ; basilar areolation some- 
 what broader than the upper; costa excurrent: capsule oval- 
 globose, long-necked, yellowish brown, glossy ; pedicel long and 
 slender; lid apiculate from a conical base; annulus large.— 
 Coroll. 64. Milium pyriforme^ Linn. Sp. PI. 1112. Bryum 
 pyriforme^ Iledw. ; Bryol. Eur. t. 355 ; Sulliv. Mosses of U. 
 States, 44. Wehera pyriformis^ Hedw. Muse. Frond, i. 5, 
 t. 3. 
 
 Had. On sandy shaded ground, burnt and decaying trees, etc. ; very 
 common. 
 
 84. WEBERA, Hedw. 
 
 Stem? slender. Leaves lanceolate, glossy; areolation rhom- 
 
 boidal-hexagonal, narrow, more or less linear. 
 
 The areolation of the glossy leaves and a more slender costa are the 
 essential characters separating this genus from Bryum. 
 
 ^h 
 
 VM 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
216 
 
 BKYACKJS. 
 
 [ ]Vebera, 
 
 SUHGENUS I. POIILIA. 
 Lowor k'nvfs Binall, diHtaiit, the upper much lonpor, tufte<l. 
 CapMuIe Um^^-iiecked, cernuouH or horixotital. Iniior membrane 
 narrow, with the Hej^ments ontire, and eilia none or very short. 
 
 * J'^ltyieera tnomeciouiiy the male yetmniforni and ternnnal. 
 
 1. W. acuminata, Sehim|). Lower leaves erect, the 
 upper linear-lanceolate, irregularly dentate at the ap<'x; borders 
 retlexed toward the bawe; costa vanishinir under the apex or 
 excurrent : capsule narrowly elliptical, on a lonj^ pe<licel curved 
 in the upper part; lid lon<]j-conical, acute or Hubrostellate, red- 
 dish at the base; peristome large; segments iong .'usd narrow, 
 entire ; cilia none. — CoroU. 04, and Syn. 330. J'ohlia acnnii- 
 tiata, Ilojtpe & Ilornsch., Uegensb. Flora, ii. 1. 94. Jiri/um 
 acuniinatiuHy IJriu^h & Schimp. IJryol. Eur. t. 343. 
 
 II All. Adiroiulaok Mountains, near Xorth Elba (LvH<mcreHx)\ \\\^- 
 coimn (Liiph am) \ Colorado ( ifo</(rocit, iru(/'); Ilocky Mountains ( I^rum- 
 mond, IlaU). 
 
 # * Antheridia hypogynoiis^ axillary. 
 
 2. W. polymorpha, Schimp. 1. c. Loosely ccspitose : 
 comal leaves open, lanceolate from an oblong base, sharjdy ser- 
 rate toward the point ; borders reflexed at base ; costa vanish- 
 ing below the apex : capsule oval-oblong, short-necked, horizon- 
 tal or inclined, constricted under the orifice after the dehiscence 
 of the conical obtuse or mamilLate lid ; pedicel straight or flex- 
 uous; inner peristome without cilia. — Pohlia polymorpha^ 
 Iloppe &j Ilornsch. 1. c. 100. Bryum polymorphum^ Bruch & 
 Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 844. 
 
 IlAn. Oregon {UaU)\ Mount Dana, California (Boian^er); Sitka 
 [1M»choff). 
 
 This species is subject to many varieties, like the last, from which it 
 differs in its smaller less solid ovate-lanceolate (not linear) leaves, more 
 distinctly serrate, the areolation shorter, and broader at the base, the 
 costa not as thick, the capsule shorter, narrowed under the orifice when 
 deoperculate, and the lid shorter. 
 
 3. W. elongata, Schwaegr. Cespitose or gregarious : 
 comal leaves long-lanceolate, open-erect, narrowed and serrate 
 at the apex, recurved in the middle, thin ; areolation narrow, 
 nearly linear in the upper part, hexagonal-rectangular below : 
 capsule narrowly elliptical, long-necked, erect, and constricted 
 
Webera.] 
 
 BUYACKvE. 
 
 217 
 
 uixlcr the orifice when tli'o|K'r<'uInt«', often of two colors ; j>c»li- 
 cel lonty; lid conical, acute or oMi^jueiy rostdlate ; inner |H'ri- 
 Btoine with one or two more or Ichs i»erfcct cilia, or none. — 
 Spec. MuHC. 4H. Jiri/um elomjutmn^ DickM. Cry|»t. Kane. ii. H; 
 IJryoI. Eur. t. 84r); Sulliv. M«>shc8 of LI. States, 44. l*uhlin 
 elon(/(ita, Iledw. Muse. Frond, i. 1M», t. JJO. 
 
 Var. humilis, Schimp. Stem short: leaves shorter: cap- 
 sule small, inclined, short-necked, constricted under the orilicc 
 when dry, reddish brown ; pedicel short. 
 
 IIah. Crevices of rocks in luountuiiiH; not rare. The variety in 
 Coloratio ( Wolf & livthrock). 
 
 4. W. longicoUa, Iledw. Plants longer, more densely 
 tufted than in the precedlnjjf, yellowish ^reen, matted with 
 brown radicles ; stems simple : lower leaves short, s<|uamiforra, 
 gradually longer toward the apex, thinner, M'ith a broader areo- 
 lation ; borders sharply serrate from the middle upward ; costa 
 narrow, generally vanishing below the apex or percurrent, of a 
 glossy yellow color : cajmule oblique or horizontal, oblong- 
 elliptical, shorter and with a shorter regular collum, soliil, (hirk 
 orange; lid convex-conical, uniform in color, sometimes with a 
 short incurved beak ; peristome large, yellow, the inner more or 
 less distinctly ciliatc. — Spec. IMusc. 109, t. 41. Jirt/um lougi- 
 collunij Swartz, Muse. Suec. 49 an<l 99, t. 0. Ji. eloitgatuniy var. 
 alpinum^ Bruch &> Schimp. Hryol. Eur. t. 340. 
 
 IIab. Cascade Mountains (LyaU). 
 
 Subgenus II. WEBEUA, proper. 
 
 Leaves broader, more loosely tufted, the comal not as rapidly 
 elongated : capsule thicker, short-necked, inclined or pendent ; 
 inner membrane of the peristome broader, and the segments 
 separated by smooth cilia. 
 
 ♦ Flowers monoecious; the antheridia in the axils of comal 
 
 leaves. 
 
 5. W. nutans, Iledw. Cespitosc : lower leaves ovate- 
 lanceolate, entire, the upper gradually longer, linear-lanceolate, 
 serrate at the apex ; borders flat ; costa thick, tenacious, red- 
 dish, glossy : capsule oblong-ovate, with a broad orifice, yellow- 
 ish brown, or darker when old; lid highly convex papillate; 
 teeth dark orange, pale and filiform at the apex ; the segments 
 
 ;l|i 
 
 »tf 
 
 II 
 
 '1 1 
 
 (p 
 
 i n 
 
 P 
 
 :m 
 
 fl' 
 
 
 (I 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 i'. 
 
 1 
 
 r 
 
 T ■ 
 
 
 
 1 
 f 
 
 ,1 
 
 « 
 
 A 
 
n*% 
 
 if 
 
 ^u 
 
 ii 
 
 I .1. I 
 
 218 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 [Wehera. 
 
 of tlio IniuT poristomo palo yellow, sjillt opon ; eiliii 2 or 8, 
 Hti'oii^ly iirticiiliitc, fXH loti^ UM thu teeth; aniiiiluN lar^e, revo« 
 liiMe. — MiiMc. Frond, i. t), I. 4. Iti'tjiini nutana^ Sehreb. 
 S|.l( "1. Fl. Lips. HI ; Hryol. Km-, t. JUT ; Sulliv. 1. c. 
 
 Viir. CQBSpitOSa, Scliimp. Stems lonjjf, braneliin^ by inno- 
 vations from below the apex: U'aves Ioniser, slightly Hexuous: 
 eupsiih! narrower, horizontal. — Coroll. ()<>, and Syn. JiHr). 
 
 V'ar. bicolor, Sehimp. Comal h'aves shorter : capsule thiek, 
 h)M!j;-neclved, its upper half darker colored than thu lower; pedi- 
 cel i^enieulate. 
 
 Var. longiseta, Sehimp. Stems short, siniple : comal 
 leaves numerous, large, spreading : caj>sule pendent upon a 
 long pedicel. 
 
 II AH. Moist Rrnnnd, peat bogn and swatnps In tim plains, and Assures 
 of rocks in nioiuitaiiH; couunou. Tliu lirst and Inst variiitlus at Twin 
 La!{KS, Colorado (Wolf & Rollirock); the sticond iu the White AIouu- 
 taliis iJiimvn); Alaslta, etc. 
 
 6. W. CUCUllata, Sehimp. Densely ces|)ito8e ; "terns sim- 
 [>lo or sparingly branched : lower leaves ami branch-leaves sub- 
 imbricate, ovate, concave, obtuse, entire, the up])er longer, nar- 
 rowed and serrate at the apex, often cucullate, soft ami sul)- 
 opacpie : capsule pendent, thickish, pyriform, short-necked, soft, 
 dark brown when old ; teeth short and narrow, yellowish ; 
 inner segments very thin, pale and narrow, separated by short 
 fugacious cilia. — Coroll. 6, an<l Syn. 33o. Jiri/utn cuctdlutvm^ 
 Schwaegr. Suppl. i. 2. 94, t. 08; Uryol. Eur. t. 343; Sulliv. 
 crosses of U. States, 44. 
 
 Had. White Mountains (Gray, Oakes, James); Mount Dana, Cali- 
 fornia (Bolander). 
 
 # # J^owers dioeciotis and l isexnal in the same species. 
 
 7. W. cruda, Scliimp. 1. c. Stems long, simple, purple: 
 lower leaves ovate-lanceolate, entire, the upper tufted, flexuous, 
 spreading, long and ribbon-like, distantly serrate at the apex ; 
 inner floral leaves shorter, erect, narrowly lanceolate, golden 
 yellow and glossy ; costa vanishing below the apex, reddish at 
 base: antheridia of the monoecious plants mixed with the arche- 
 gonia, in the dioecious disposed in the axils of the upper sub- 
 discoid perigonial leaves : capsule curved or horizontal, oblong, 
 short-necked, yellowish brown when mature, narrowed at the 
 orifice and ventricose at base when empty; peristome pale 
 
Webcrn.] 
 
 nuYArE.K. 
 
 219 
 
 yt'IIow ; cilia hiiiato nnd tiTiiatt', pcrftM-t. — Itnjnm cnoluni^ 
 UvUrvU. I. c. h:J ; \h\tA. Kur. t. .'Ux ; Siilliv. I. e. 
 II AU. Fl!t.<mi'u.t of rucks, on inoiintiiiiiH; ii(»t runs 
 
 • • ♦ hloircrH tfinfitHtfi. 
 
 ^. W. sphagnicola, Schirnp. I*limts Nolitury or a few t«)- 
 gc'tlicr, ill tiil'ts of Sjt/uhjmifn ; htciiis »laik |>ui|il«', very loiii^aiitl 
 hU'ikUt, hrniicliiiiij; : lower leaves very (listaiit, Miiiall, ovale- 
 acuniiiiate, eiitir*', the upper ^njnlii:illy longer aii<i' ttiftiiii;, 
 liiiear-laiiceulate, Nerrate at the a|>e\, <;losNy : male |>laiil nluM'ter 
 niKJ Hiiialler; peri^.Miia Hiilxliscoitl ; aiitlieridia WispoNcii in pairs 
 in the axils of the peri^oiiial leaves: capsule iiicliiie«l, ohlon<{ or 
 ohovate, pyriforiii, pale orown ; pedicel very lout;. — Coroll. GO. 
 Jii'lfinn n/»/iot/uif<tl(i^ IJrucIi tV: Schiiiip., IJryol. Kur. t. '.iVJ. 
 
 llwi. Ill ])t>iit lion's of a Hiiiiill valley iifur tliu top of Mount Marcy in 
 the Adli'oiuhu'k Moiuitiiins {LfHtjitircnj:). 
 
 W. ScillMI'Kltl, Soliliiip. (lii'umn Schiniinvi, Miicll. Syn. i. ;W4), a 
 species very siniiliir to IT. niiians, dift'crin^ iii«>ri>ly in its nMldiHli cuiur, 
 smaller leaves with a denser areolation, the din-eiouH iiillorescenee, and 
 small peristome, is recorded from ffreeiiliind in Sehiiiip. vSyn. ed. 2, 4(X). 
 
 9. W. annotina, Schwacijjr. Loosely cespitose ; stems 
 short, simple or emittiu<^ from the l»ase sleii<ler more or less 
 elongated branclilets, hulbiferous : lower leaves and brancli- 
 leavej small, lanceolate, not decurreiit, ijradually larufcr nnd 
 closer upwaivl ; conial leaves Ioniser, Hiiear-Ianceolato, serrate at 
 the apex, reflexed in the middle, puri»lisli at the solid base; 
 costa stroufj, perciirrent: male flowers thick, many-leaved; 
 anthcridia and paraphyses axillary: capsule oval, somewhat loni;- 
 necked, inclined on a reddish pedicel; teeth yellowish; seg- 
 ments carinate and cleft ; cilia perfect. — Spec. Muse. 52. 
 Jiryiim annotitium, Iledw. Spec. Muse. 183, t. 43 ; Bryol. Eur. 
 t. SiiS ; SuUiv. 1. c. 
 
 IIab. Mountains of Now England {Oakcs, Jnmen). 
 
 10. W. Drumznondii. Plants small, loosely cespitose, 
 radiculose and ferruginous below, greenish above; stems slender, 
 sim))le or branching by innovations from the apex, ]>urplish 
 below the leaves : stem-leaves small, distant, more densely 
 crowded at the top of the fertile plants, ovate-lanceolate, cari- 
 nate-concave, sometimes purplish at base ; borders slightly 
 reflexed, obscurely denticulate at the apex ; costa strong, green, 
 thick and coherent at base, dissolving at the apex : capsule hori- 
 
 '1.1 
 
 ff 
 
w 
 
 f 
 
 220 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 [ Weber a. 
 
 zontiil, oval, turgid, very large in proportion to the size of the 
 plants, with a broad oritice and thick texture ; li<l small, hemi- 
 8f)herieal, obtuse ; outer teeth robust, yellow ; cilia short. — 
 Bryum Urnrnmondii, Muell. Bot. Zeit. xx. 328. J5. nutans^ 
 var. minor, Druniin. Muse. Ainer. n. 203. 
 Had. Kocky Mountains (Drumnton<l); Sitka {Harrington). 
 
 11. W. nudicaulis. Plants densely cespitose, brown be- 
 low, greenish above ; steins short, slender, 8inii>le or rarely inno- 
 vated at the apex, naked to the middle or .above : stem-leaves 
 distant, very small, broadly ovate, appressed ; the comal densely 
 tufted, erect, ovate-lanceolate, acute, with a strong costa dis- 
 solvin ; below the apex ; borders semi-revolute, obscurely den- 
 ticulate above : capsule small, obovate, turgid, gradually nar- 
 rowed into an obsolete collum, not constricted at or below the 
 orifice, of thick texture, fuscous, horizontal or pendent on a 
 short flexuous pedicel (1 cm. long) ; lid small, convex-conical, 
 mamillate ; inner segments long, narrow, sometimes united at 
 the apex by irregular laciniae ; cilia none. — lirynrn nadicaule, 
 Lesq., Mem. Cal. Acad. i. 21 ; Sulliv. Icon. Muse. Suppl. 49, 
 t. 34. 
 
 Had. Mount Dana, California, at 11,000 feet altitude (Bolander). 
 Closely allied to the last, and perhaps a variety of it. 
 
 12. W. Bolanderi. Plants in flat loose tufts, yellowish 
 green ; stems simple, foliate : lower leaves erect, loosely imbri- 
 cate» lanceolate, the upper tufted, close, longer, narrowly lanceo- 
 late ; costa vanishing below the denticulate apex : male plants 
 slender, the perigonial leaves broadly ovate, concave at base, 
 narrowed into a long flexuous acumen, nearly entire, the peri- 
 chaetial similar: capsule inclined or horizontal, short-ovate, 
 somewhat long-necked ; pedicel long, reddish ; lid conical, 
 apieulate ; outer teeth broad and short ; the segments longer, 
 with or without two intermediate rudimentary cilia. — Bryum 
 Bolanderi, Ticsq., Mem. Calif. Acad. i. 22. 
 
 Hab. Foot of Mount Dana, Caliiornia (Bolander). 
 
 The longer capsule, of a thinner texture and narrowed at the orifice, its 
 longer pedicel, the shining color of the plants, the narrow strongly den- 
 ticulate leaves, and the form of the perigonial leaves separate this species 
 from the preceding. No antheridia were found in the axils of the peri- 
 chietial leaves. It has the appearance of W. cruda. 
 
 13. "W. COniniutata> Schimp. Plants slender, dusky, not 
 reddish : leaves solid, glossy, open-erect, imbricate when dry, 
 
 
Wtbera.] 
 
 BUYACE^. 
 
 221 
 
 the lower ovate or ovate-lanceolate, shorter ; the upper grad- 
 ually longer, strict, oblong and linear-lanceolate, eubcarinate, 
 rotlexed on the borders, all scarcely decurrent, more or loss ser- 
 rate at the apex, with a i)urplish costa enlarged at the base 
 only : male plants generally simple, mixed with the fertile ones, 
 more slender; antheridia axillary, numerous, mixed with nume- 
 rous slightly '.'lavaie paraphyses : capsule inclined or pendent, 
 oval-oblong, incurved at the collum, somewhat turgid ; teeth yel- 
 low ; the inner segments broadly lamellose ; cilia two, perfect. 
 — Syn. ed. 2, 403. Jiry :)n LudwigU^ Bruch & 8chimp. Bryol. 
 Eur. t. 351. B. cotiwintatunt, Watson, Bot. Calif, ii. 301. 
 
 II AB. Toot of Mount Dana, California (liolamler); Rocky Mountains 
 (U(ill); Cascade Mountains (Lyall). 
 
 14. W. Lescuriana. Small, loosely and irregularly cespi- 
 tose, rarely gregarious, ])ale green (not red and glossy) ; stems 
 1 or 2 cm. long, declined: lower leaves distant, smaller, nar- 
 rowly lanceolate, the upper gradually closer, erect, long-lanceo- 
 \ite, all obscurely serrate toward the apex, the strong costa dis- 
 solved at the point and decurrent at base: male plants smaller; 
 perigonial leaves erect, concave at base, subulate, rigid, the 
 inner much shorter : capsule pendent, i)yriform, twisted above 
 and enlarged at the orifice when dry ; pedicel subgeniculate at 
 base ; lid conical-apiculate or mamillate ; teeth linear-lanceolate, 
 subulate, pale yellow ; the segments split ; cilia solitary ; annu- 
 lus double, revoluble. — Bn/nm Zescurianum, Sulliv. Mem. 
 Amer. Acad. n. ser. iv. 171, Mosses of U. States, 44, and Icon. 
 Muse. 81, t. 50. J3. ptdc/iellum, Sulliv. Muse. Allegh. n. 101. 
 
 Hab. Moist clay banks and wet sandy ground; not rare. 
 
 15. W. carnea, Schimp. Gregarious or loosely cespitose, 
 pale green : lower leaves small, distant, gradually closer and 
 larger upward, strict, lanceolate, the comal erect, linear-lanceo- 
 late, more deeply serrate at the apex ; areolation rhomboidal- 
 hexagonal, loose ; costa reddish : capsule horizontal, inclined or 
 pendent, oval, soft, thick, fleshy, short-necked, shorter and 8ul> 
 hemispherical and with a broad oriHce when dry ; pedicel red- 
 dish, thicker and arcuate above ; lid large, broadly convex, paj>il- 
 late or not ; peristome large, the teeth solid, orange-colored, and 
 the segments separated by two cilia; annulus none. — Coroll. 
 67. Bryum carneiim^ Linn. Sp. PI. 1122 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 353. 
 
 Had. Gravelly banks of brooks, Canton, Illinois ( WoJf). 
 
 I 
 
 \[:\ 
 
 . ;. 
 
 HI 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 ■■;' 
 
 
 "1 
 
 III 
 
 
 i| 
 
 t 
 

 
 i! 
 
 V. 
 
 222 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 [Webera. 
 
 IG. W. pulchella, Schimp. 1. c. Closely allied to the last, 
 differing especially in the reddish color of the more divided 
 shorter stems, the shorter leaves with more compact areolation, 
 the perigonial broader and ovate-lanceolate, and the perichaetial 
 distinctly serrate, the capsule longer, with the pedicel erect at 
 base, and the anniilus not revoluble but remaining attached to 
 the lid. — Bryum ^mlchellum^ Hedw. Muse. Frond, iii. 9G, t. 38 ; 
 13ryol. Eur. t. 352. 
 
 Had. Very rare in North America. Found only in the Cascade Moun- 
 tains, Britisli Columbia (Macoun). 
 
 17. "W. Tozeri, Schimp. 1. c. Plants small, loosely cespi- 
 tose, pale green, soft, mostly simple : lower leaves distant, obo- 
 vate, acuminate, decurrent at base ; eosta none in the lowest 
 leaves, decurrent at base and produced to the middle in the 
 upper ; upper leaves closer, narrower and longer, the perichaj- 
 tial smallest, entire, bordered by a reddish or dark green margin 
 composed of two or three rows of narrow cells ; areolation 
 large, loose, rhomboidal-hexagonal : male ])lants smaller ; peri- 
 gonium small, ovoid, the inner leaves Ungulate, acuminate, red: 
 capsule pendent, on a fleshy pedicel, arcuate at top, ovate, 
 regular, short-necked, soft, passing by age from pale dirty 
 yellow to brown, shorter and slightly constricted under the 
 broad orifice when dry ; lid comparatively large, wdiitish, con- 
 vex-conical, mamillate ; teeth smaller, pale yellow, the inner 
 segments thin and hyaline ; annulus compound, detaching by 
 fragments. — Bryum Tozeri, Grev. Scott. Crypt. Fl. v., t. 285 ; 
 Bryol. Eur. t. 353. 
 
 Hab. Clayey ground, borders of ditches and roads; Southern Cali- 
 fornia (Biyelow, Bolander). 
 
 18. W. albicans, Schimp. 1. c. Tufts soft, glaucous- 
 green : stems simple, 2 to 8 cm. long or more, erect or inclined 
 below, reddish or dark purple : lower leaves ovate, oblong, 
 acuminate, the upper oblong lanceolate, soft, yellowish or pale 
 green ; costa vanishing below the serrate apex ; areolation nar- 
 rowly hexagonal-rhomboidal : male plants simple or sometimes 
 branching from under the flower-bearing apex ; male flowers 
 discoid ; external perigonial leaves broad and concave at base, 
 open and lanceolate above, the inner gradually smaller, bearing 
 many antheridia and paraphyses in the axils : capsule inclined 
 or pendent, short-p/riforra, inflated at the short coUum, glau- 
 
Bryum.] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 223 
 
 cous-gi'ccn, becoming brown by age, small in proportion to the 
 size of the j)lants, subglobose and truncate or turbinate and 
 wide-mouthed when empty ; pedicel long, generally reddish and 
 geniculate at base: teeth of the large peristome orange-colored; 
 annulus none. — Mninm albicans^ Wahl. Fl. Lap]). 35;}. Bryum 
 Wa/denberffiif Schwaegr. Suppl. i. 2. 92, t. 70 ; Jiryol. Eur. 
 t. 354 ; Sulliv. Mosses of U. States, 45. 
 
 Var. nigricans. Plants short, dirty black, in more com- 
 pact tufts: leaves longer, narrower; areolation pellucid. 
 
 IIau. Wet sand, borders of springs and rivulets. The variety on per- 
 pendicular limestone rocks, California (liolander). 
 
 19. W. Bigelovii. Plants long and slender, loosely ces|>i- 
 tose, repeatedly branching by innovations, ramulose from the 
 apex : lower leaves on the stems and branches small and distant, 
 gradually larger upward, open-erect, oblong-ovate (the comal 
 lanceolate-acuminate), concave, nearly entire or obtusely den- 
 ticulate and flat on the borders ; costa thick, percurrent or 
 vanisliing below the apex : male flower terminal, gemmiform or 
 capitate : capsule long-pedicellate, inclined or i>endent, Jjyri- 
 forra-elliptical ; teeth closely articul.ite, the iimer segments split 
 open, separated by three simple smooth cilia. — Bryum Bige- 
 lovii^ Sulliv., Pacif. R. Rep. iv. 187, t. 5. 
 
 Had. Banks of streams above Sonora, at the base of the Sierra Nevada 
 [Bicjeloii}). 
 
 The peristome is not described by the author. He remarks that the 
 yellowish green foliage, the shorter, more obtuse and nearly entire leaves 
 with close areolation, the less obovate capsule, and the capituliform male 
 flowers separate this species from W. albicans, its nearest congener. The 
 species is by this affinity, or by the characters of the peristome, a Webcra, 
 But the areolation and the form of the leaves seem to refer it to Bryum. 
 
 85. BRYUM, Dill. (PI. 4.) 
 Plants perennial, radiculose. Leaves with a solid round 
 costa, generally excurrent ; cells of the areolation rhomboidal- 
 hexagonal, smooth, loose, solid. Flowers bisexual, monoecious 
 or dioecious, the male gemmiform, rarely discoid. Calyptra 
 narrowly cucullate, falling off before the ripening of the cap- 
 sule. Capsule on a long stout pedicel, pyriform and passing 
 into a solid stomatose collum, regular or rarely slightly in- 
 curved, coriaceous. Lid convex, papillate. Peristome double ; 
 
 
 3 ■»;;•(, 
 
 i 
 
 •IP 
 
 ;-i 
 
 ; , 
 
 }.h 
 
I! ! 
 
 224 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Bryum. 
 
 the outer of long linear or lanceolate teeth, closely articulate 
 below, lamellate inside ; the inner a carinate nienibrane ascend- 
 ing; to the middle of tiie outer teeth and there divided into seg- 
 mcnts, which are adherent to the teetli or free, and separated 
 by two or three generally appendiculate cilia. Annulus gen- 
 erally large, compound, re voluble. 
 
 SuBGExus I. CLADODIUM. 
 
 Cilia and sesfments of the internal membrane adherinij to the 
 teeth {Ptychostomuni\ or free and witii imperfect or rarely per- 
 fect inappendiculate cilia (CladocUum). 
 
 * I'^o/rers bisexual and jiolygamous. 
 
 1. B. arcticum, f5ruch & Schimp. Plants in pulvinate 
 purplish tufts : lower leaves ovate-lanceolate, the upper oblong- 
 ovate, all acuminate, bordered with a brown revolute margin, 
 decurrent at base ; costa excurrent, slightly denticulate at the 
 apex : capsule pendent, soft, pyriform-clavate, slightly incurved, 
 pale yellow, reddish at the orifice ; lid small, conical, mamillate, 
 yellow ; peristome small ; cilia 2, short : spores large, verrucu- 
 lose, yellowish green; annulus large, revoluble. — Bryol. Eur. 
 t. 335. PoltUa arcticay R. Brown, App. Parry's Voy. Suppl. 
 206 ; Schwaegr. Sui)pl. iii., t. 272«- 
 
 Had. Melville Island (Pannj); summit of the Rocky Mountains, 
 British America {Dniinmond, Bouryeau); foot of Mount Dana, Cali- 
 fornia {liolander). 
 
 2. B. purpurascens, Bruch & Schimp. Resembles the 
 
 preceding, dilTering in its wide tufts, longer stems, reddish 
 
 leaves with narrower scarcely revolute borders, ftnd mucronate 
 
 or cusjiidate by the percurrent smooth costa, the narrower 
 
 cai)sule more regular, constricted under the orifice when dry, 
 
 the larger lid and smaller smooth spores. — Bryol. Eur. t. 336. 
 
 Pohlia purpurascenSy R. Brown. 1. c. 297. P. arctica^ var. 
 
 piirptirascens, Schwaegr. Suppl. iii., t. 272''' 
 
 Hab. Melville Island (Parry); Rocky Moimtains (Bourgeau, accord- 
 ing to Mitten) and Rainy Lake, British America (Hubbard). 
 
 3. B. Brownii, Bruch & Schim.p. Plants densely cespitose 
 and tomentose, green above : leaves narrowly ovate-lanceolate, 
 reflexed on the very narrowly margined borders, slightly den- 
 
 
Bryum,] 
 
 BRYACEiE. 
 
 225 
 
 ticulate above along the excurrent costa and below it ; costa 
 less dceurrent at base than in the two preceding spceies; 
 branch-leaves narrower, not margined ; areolation hexagonal- 
 rectangular: male and female flowers separate, l)ut adjacent 
 uj)on the same iimovations : capsule pendent, oblong-pyriform, 
 regular ; lid large, convex-aj>iculate, orange-colored ; i)eristome 
 large, the segments split, separated by two long smooth cilia ; 
 aimidus comj>ound, very large. — Bryol. Eur. t. 338. Pohlla 
 bryokles, ]{. J5rown, 1. c. 296. 
 
 Had. Melville Island (Parry)\ Rocky Mountains {Boiirgeau, accord- 
 ing to Mitten). 
 
 The flowers in separate involucral leaves, the leaves narrower, slightly 
 sernihite at the apex and very narrowly margined, the parenchyniatose 
 (hexagonal-rectangular) areolation, the longer narrower capsule, and the 
 very large annulus separate this species from the two preceding. The 
 spores are large and verruculose. 
 
 4. B. pendulum, Schimp. Plants densely cespitose and 
 ramose : conial leaves close, erect-spreading, ovate-lanceolate, 
 long-cuspidate by the excurrent costa, smooth or dentate at the 
 apex, carinate-concave, more or less reflexed on the narrowly 
 margined borders, rigid ; areolation rhomboidal in the upper 
 part, rectangular and reddish toward the base : male flowers few, 
 bisexual, gemmiform ; antheridia and paraphyses very numer- 
 ous : capsule inclined, nearly horizontal or j)endent on a flex- 
 nous pedicel, oval or subglobose, with a short inflated collum ; 
 lid small, conical-apiculate, long-persistent ; inner peristome 
 adhering to the outer teeth ; segments and cilia detached only 
 in fragments; annulus large: sjwres smooth, yellow. — Coroll. 
 70, and Syn. 849. Pti/chostomnm jyenduhim, Hornsch. lin/fwi 
 cermmm^ Bruch & Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 331 ; SuUiv. Mosses 
 of U. States, 45. 
 
 Hab. On the ground, rocks and decayed trunks; plains and mountains. 
 
 Very variable In the length and ramification of the stems, the form of 
 the more or less elongated capsule, generally pendent but often inclined, 
 etc. Easily confounded with B. ccesplticiiun, from which It Is readily dis- 
 tinguished by Its narrow-mouthed capsule and Its acutely apiculate lid. 
 It also resembles the next sp^icies. 
 
 5. B. inclinatum, Bruch & Schimp. Differs from the 
 preceding in the leaves more revolute and more broadly mar- 
 gined, acutely carinate toward the apex, the reddish brown 
 costa, the flowers generally bisexual, the much longer slender 
 pedicel of the capsule, its longer collum, the convex shorter- 
 
 :« ' a 
 
 > i-S'! 
 : ■ is ■ * 
 
I '' 
 
 i 
 
 Hi^ 
 
 ii • 
 
 ill 
 
 ' 1 1 
 
 ! i 
 
 II .' t '! 
 
 226 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Uryum. 
 
 papillate lid, and the inner peristome free above, the segments 
 of the membrane being long, carinate and split, the intermediate 
 cilia merely rudimentary. — Bryol. Eur. t. 334. Pohlia in- 
 clhidtct, Swartz, Muse. Suee. 45 and 96, t. 5, fig. 11. 
 
 II AH. Stones, rocks and decayed trunks; plains and mountains. 
 Common on tlie Pacific slope; rare in the East. 
 
 0. B. Warneum, JJland. Cespitose ; stems radiculose, 
 short, wimple or sparingly branched ; innovations on short round 
 or flagellit'orm branchlets : stem-leaves distant, open, ovate or 
 oblong-lanceolate, short-cuspidate by the excurrent slightly ser- 
 rate costa ; borders narrowly margined, reflexed below, flat in 
 the upper part ; comal leaves numerous, loosely imbricate : 
 flowers mona»cious, rarely bisexual ; male flowers terminal ; 
 antheridia with few paraphyses: caj)8ule long-pedicelled, abruptly 
 pendent, ovate and subglobose-pyriform, solid, brown ; lid 
 mamillate, persistent ; teeth solid, orange-colored below ; seg- 
 ments free, narrow, scarcely split ; cilia none or rudimentary ; 
 ammlus compound. — Brid. Bryol. Univ. i. C75 ; Bryol. Eur. 
 t. 340. 
 
 IIau. Foot of Mount Dana, California {Bolandcr). 
 
 American specimens are found to differ slightly from European. The 
 tufts are generally compact, the segments of the inner peristome are 
 more or less split open, and the cilia either none or rudimentary or some 
 of them long and append iculate; the leaves also are less distinctly denticu- 
 late at the apex, and bordered by a distinct margin formed of 2 or 3 rows 
 cf long narrow cells. This form appears to be a transition to the next. 
 
 7. B. BiddlecomiSB, Aust. Differs from i?. Warneum in 
 the leaves being very distinctly margined, revolute on the 
 borders an<l very obscurely serrate at the apex, and the capsule 
 larger, with muticous or minutely papillose lid : stems rather 
 short, branching by innovations, often flagelliform as in -B. 
 Warneiini : leaves cuspidate by the stout excurrent costa : cap- 
 sule constricted under the mouth, pale, becoming light fuscous ; 
 the lid rather large. — Coult. Bot. Gaz. ii. 110. 
 
 Had. Colorado {Miss H. J. Biddlecome). 
 
 From an examination of specimens commimicated by the author the 
 essential d fferences are in the form of the capsule, which is less inflated, 
 less distinctly pyriform, and broad-mouthed, and in the more distinctly 
 revolute borders of the leaves. 
 
 8. B. lacustre, Brid. Widely cespitose; stems short, 
 radiculose, with longer branches : leaves solid, chlorophyllose, 
 the lower distant and small, broadly ovate-acuminate, the 
 
Br yum.] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 227 
 
 upper large, open, tuftetl, broadly oblong-acuminato, carlii.'vte- 
 coneave, with borders reflexed ; areolation large, liexagoiial ; 
 costa strong, brownish, vanishing below or within tlie very 
 entire apex : vaginule covered with paraphyses ; flowers bisex- 
 ual : capsule on a slender more or less elongated tlexuMis 
 pedicel, inclined or subpendent, oblong-pyriforni, slightly 
 incurved, soft; peristome short, as in li. WamentH. — 3Iusc. 
 Hecent. Suppl. iv. 120; Bryol. Eur. t. 332. 
 IlAn. Peninsula of Shumagln, Alaska {Iluninyton). 
 
 9. B. flexiiOSUm, Aust. Plants loosely cespitose ; stem 
 dividing by short innovations, erect: leaves pale red, erect, 
 ovate, subconcave, acuminate, i)lane or recurved on the very 
 entire bonlers ; costa strong, percurrent or excurrent : flowers 
 dia'cious (?) ; male flowers terminal, large, discoid : cai>sule on 
 a long slentler flexuous red pedicel, ovate-oblong, jtale, subhori- 
 zontal; lid large, depressed-conical, minutely mamillate ; inner 
 j)eristome adhering to the teeth ; cilia no;ie. — Coult. Bot. Gaz. 
 iv. 152. 
 
 Hau. Gravelly ground, Blackwater River, British Cohunbla ( Macoun ). 
 
 Apparently nearly related to the last, if not a variety of it; differing only 
 in the inflorescence, which appears to be dioecious. The short reddish 
 stems, and the long flexuous pedicel, which the author hidicates as dis- 
 tinctive characters, are those of B. lacuatre. 
 
 10. B. Calophyllum, H. Brown. I'lants gregarious or sulv 
 cespitose : stem-leaves distant, round-ovate, obtuse, the u])per 
 closer, loosely imbricated in loose obtuse gemmules, the lower 
 broadly ovate or oval-oblong, narrowed into a short blunt point, 
 all fleshy, very concave and entire, with the border plane or 
 slightly recurved, not margined; costa vanishing below the 
 apex ; pericluetial leaves smaller and narrower, the inner lan- 
 ceolate : male flowers gemmiform at the base of the female : 
 capsule pyriform, short-necked, slightly contracted under the 
 orifice when dry, abruptly pendent on a long strict rigid pedicel ; 
 segments of the inner membrane yellow, narrow and split ; cilia 
 none or solitary and rudimentary : spores large, green, smooth. 
 — App. Parry's Voy. Suppl. 296. -B. latifolmm, Bruch & 
 Schimp. Bryol. Eur., t. 339. 
 
 Hab. Melville Island {Parry); Franconia Mountains {James)', Santa 
 Barbara, California ( W. L. Foster). 
 
 11. B. uliginosum, Bruch & Schimp. Stem densely rad- 
 iculose, branching into short innovations: lower leaves short, 
 
 < If 
 
 E^ i 
 
i 
 
 
 228 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Uryum. 
 
 ovatc'-aeuminato, the comal oblong-ovato, lanceolate, euspi<late 
 Ity the excurreiit costa, honlered by a brown margin, retlexed 
 from the base to the middle, plane, an<l obscurely serrate at the 
 apex, soft, <lirty green : male flower close to the female : ca]>sule 
 horizontal or inclined on a long pedicel curving near the apex, 
 long-necked, pyriform, more or less incurved, microstome, yel- 
 lowish brown, <larker when old ; lid obli<|ue, small, convex and 
 mamillate, orange ; segments split ; cilia rudimentary or none ; 
 annulus broa<l : spores minute, verruculose. — IJryol. Eur. t. 339. 
 
 II Au. On (lecayud trunks, in wet places; plains and mountains, from 
 the Atlantic to the PaciHc; rare. 
 
 A variety witli hermaphrodite flowers has been found near Twin Lakes, 
 Colorado, by H'olJ' «t llothrock. 
 
 SumiENus II. BRYUM, proper. 
 
 Capsule inditied or pendent, ovate and oblong-pyriform, 
 rarely slightly incurved. Inner peristome free; membrane 
 large ; segments long, perfect, separated by 2 to 4 cilia appen- 
 diculate at the articulations. 
 
 # Flowers bisexual^ rarely polt/gamous. 
 
 12. B. intermedium, Brid. Plants widely cespitose, green, 
 closely matted with radicles ; stems short, dividing into short 
 innovations: uj)per leaves oblong-ovate, lanceolate, the lower 
 shorter; costa stout, reddish, excurrent into a long remotely 
 denticulate point; borders very entire, reflexed or revolute: 
 capsule horizontal or inclined or pendent, oblong or pyriform, 
 its coUum as long as the sporangium, slightly incurved, scarcely 
 narrowed under the orifice when dry ; lid convex-conical, apic- 
 ulate, persistent; cilia 2 or 3 ; annulus separating in fragments. 
 — Muse. Recent. Suppl. iv. 120; Bryol. Eur. t. 356. Webera 
 intermedia^ Schwaegr. Suppl. i. 267, t. 75. 
 
 Has. Crevices of rocks and walls, exposed to the south; not rare. 
 
 13. B. cirrhatum, Hoppe & Hornsch. Plants cespitose, 
 short and robust, M'ith slender .and long branches ; inner tomen- 
 tum dark brown : inner leaves ovate-lanceolate, the comal close, 
 numerous, long-lanceolate, acuminate, those of the branches 
 ovate-acuminate, all broadly margined and revolute on the 
 borders; costa stout, fuscous, excurrent into a long distantly 
 denticulate or smooth point : capsule pendent, obovate or oI> 
 
Brj/um.] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 229 
 
 conieal-])yriforni, regular, constricted un«lcr the orifice wlu'ii 
 dry; lid large, convex, apiciilate ; segments split; cilia long, 2 
 or 3; annulus large, revoluble, punctulute. — Jti'gensb. Flora, ii. 
 90 ; IJryol. Eur. t. JJST. 
 
 IlAU. Swampy ground, in mountains; IMy Tree CJrovi', and on Mono 
 Pass, California (liolaniler, Amta)\ Colorado {liuthruvk <& W'ulJ'). 
 
 14. B. bimuzn, SchreU. Plants loosely cespitose, niattt'd 
 together by a felt of reddish radicles: leaves halt'-elas|ung, 
 decurrent, open, the outer coinal ones elliptical, short-acuminate, 
 the upper or medial oblong-lanceolate, cuspidate by tiie excur- 
 rent fuscous or purplo costa, bordered by a liroad revohite 
 margin, slightly serrate at the apex, loosely imbricate and 
 twisted when dry : capsule pendent, obovate or oblong-pyriform, 
 slightly constricted under the orifice when dry, chestnut-colored 
 or dark brown ; lid broad, convex-nuimillate ; inner j)erislome 
 as in the last species: spores green, minute, punctulate. — 
 Spicil. Fl. Lips. H'd ; Uryol. Eur. t. v]03. 
 
 IIah. Swamps, decayed trunks, roots of trees near water, etc. ; very 
 common on tlie Eastern slope; Nevada ( Watson); Washington Territory 
 (Lyall). 
 
 Kesembling the last species in the form and consistence of the capsule, 
 it differs especially in tlie longer-acuminate and lonj,'-ctispiilate leaves, and 
 in the spores one-third larger. From li. jiHemlotrh/ni'tniiti, with which 
 it has been confounded by some authors, it dift'ers in its bisexual inilores- 
 cence, tac slender stems generally shorter, the leaves less solid and cuspi- 
 date, the capsule shorter, and lid not as highly convex. Schimper remarks 
 that Ii. cirrhutmn, B. bimum, and li. citf<j)klutitin are separated by char- 
 acters of so little importance that tliey should perhaps be united into one 
 species. 
 
 15. B. lonchocaulon, Muell. Syncecious : stems long, 
 slender, flexuous, nearly simi)le, yellowish green, radiculose: 
 lower leaves distant, the upper close, appressed to the julaceous 
 stem, narrowly decurrent at base, ovate-lanceolate, concave; 
 borders revolute to the apex, slightly denticulate at the aj)ex 
 only, not margined ; costa stout, reddish below, excurrent into 
 a long slender scarcely denticulate awn ; cells of the areolation 
 small, pellucid, empty, irregularly rhomboidal, looser and often 
 reddish toward the base ; perichaetial leaves similar : cai)8ule on 
 a long purple pedicel, oval, small ; cilia two, strongly appendicu- 
 late; lid not seen. — F.egensb. Flora (1875), Iviii. 93. 
 
 Had. Colorado. 
 
 Resembles slender forms of B. bimum, but is distinguishable at once 
 by the immarginate leaves. 
 
 I 
 
 tvmt ' I 
 
" 1 ' 
 
 ! 
 
 i 
 
 (■ 
 
 I 
 
 J 
 
 i I 
 
 ¥1 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 230 
 
 BUYACE^. 
 
 [liryum. 
 
 10. B. torquescens, Bruch «fc Schitnj>. Plants Hhort, 
 loosi'Iy ci'spitosc ; HteiiiH radicuIoHO, simple or fastigiatt'ly rainu- 
 lose: stc'tn- ami brancli-k'avt'H distant, long-lant't'olatc, cunipli- 
 catc'-carinatc, rt'curvod or rt'tlcxcd on the borders, the eonial 
 close, ohlon^'-laiiceolate, concave, all entire, surrounded by a 
 narrow border; costa reddish, excurrent into a smooth sharp 
 l)oint, twisted to the left when dry: capsule inclined and pend- 
 ent, loni,M)bconical, blood-red or red<lish brown, solid ; lid 
 hij^hly convex, acutely mamillate, dark purple, shinint^. — Bryol. 
 Eiir. t. 3r)H. 
 
 IIah. Dry rocky or Rravclly jilaces, Texas {]\yiyht)\ Oakland, Cali- 
 fornia {llii/elow); Nevada ( WatHon); etc. 
 
 17. B. provinciale, Philib. Loosely cespitose; stems short, 
 
 divided by few innovations, radiculose at base: branch-leaves 
 
 few, distant, smaller, ovate-lanceolate, the upper crowded in 
 
 tufts, spreadinix when moist, loosely aj^pressed and undulate 
 
 when dry, ovate-obloiiLT, concave, acuminate or cuspidate by the 
 
 excurrent stout reddish costa; borders narrowly recurved from 
 
 the middle to the base, plane, minutely serrate toward the apex ; 
 
 inner or perichietial leaves smaller, lanceolate, longer pointed; 
 
 borders revolute or broadly rcflexed to near the apex : flowers 
 
 partly bisexual, the fertile always unisexual ; vaijinule thick, 
 
 covered with abortive archenjonia and paraphyses : capsule 
 
 obli(jue or pendent, on a reddish pedicel, obconical-pyriform, 
 
 brown-orange; lid highly convex, apiculale; teeth yellow up to 
 
 the middle, hyaline above ; segments cleft ; cilia long-ap])endicu- 
 
 late; annulus large, revoluble. — Schimp. Syn. ed. 2, 432. JS. 
 
 JBillanlerli^ Bruch. &, Schim]>. Bryol. Eur. t. 366. B. Canari- 
 
 ense, Brid. ; Schwacgr. Sui)pl. iii., t. 214^ 
 
 IlAn. Cafton on Monte Diablo, California (Bolander)\ Florida (Gar- 
 ber, J. Dontuil Smith, Chapitian). 
 
 18. B. Oreganum, Sulliv. Densely cespitose ; stems and 
 innovations very shor*^ gemmiform : leaves crowded into a 
 subglobose tuft, oblong or obovate-oblong, pointed, serrate 
 above ; borders margined and reflexed ; costa extending to the 
 point ; areolation rather loose ; perichaBtial leaves elongated- 
 oblong, long-pointed with a subexcurrent costa ; capsule sub- 
 pendent, on a slender pedicel 3 to 5 cm. long, clavate, oblong, 
 straight or slightly curved, constricted below the mouth when 
 dry ; lid rather small, hemisjiherical, a])iculate ; teeth closely 
 articulate ; segments broad, cleft ; cilia 2, strongly and conspic- 
 
liryum.] 
 
 BUYACEiE. 
 
 231 
 
 tiously ap|t('n<licuIato ; nnnulus largo ami coinpouml. — Muse. 
 Wilki'8 Kx|.l. Kxp. 10, t. 7. 
 
 II All. <)r«?K<>n {I*ickerin(f). 
 
 Kpitcius cluHfly rt'ialud to //. microsteginm, Scliiinp., but that has ovate- 
 laii(>«H>latu it'avt's, ^rathially acuininate and loi),<;-(HiHpitlatt' by the cxcuriviit 
 custa, with margins not relluxu«l, a convex-cunloal inure {tolnted and 
 sinallur lid, and more linear teeth with more distant aiticuhitlons. 
 
 # # J^^lowers tnomecioua. 
 
 19. B. pallescens, Schleifh. Subcc'sjutoso and piilviiiatc ; 
 stems sonu'what long, hranchiiig, radiculosc, ]iiir|»lc>: lower 
 leaves distant, ovate, acuininate; eosta vanishing below the 
 apex; coinal leaves crowded into a spreiiding tuft, oldong- 
 acuininate, apiculate or cuspidate by the exeiinent costa, reddish 
 at base, more or less revoluteoii the entire border: male flowers 
 on separate lateral branches: caj»sule long-necked, oblong-pyri- 
 form, inclined or horizonal, constricted under the orifice when 
 dry; lid bright reddish-brown, conical, aj>iculate; teeth yellow; 
 segments longer and more acuminate than in the preceding 
 species. — Schwaegr. Suj)pl. i. 2. 107; IJryol. Eur. t. 851). 
 
 IIab. F.^snres of sandstone rocks, Ohio to Canada; also in Colorado, 
 Utah, California and Washington Territory. 
 
 The steins of this species vary In length and are more or less divided, 
 the leaves either long-cuspidate or abruptly acinniiiate are always red- 
 dish at base, and the capsule varies in the length of its colluin; the lid is 
 smaller than that of li. aespitlcium, which this species resembles. 
 
 20. B. SUbrotundum, IJrid. Plants short, gregarious, 
 much divide<l into short geinmiform innovations : lower leaves 
 small, broadly ovate-acuminate, mucronate by the excurrent 
 costa, the upper abruptly larger, densely crowded into tufts, 
 ovate and oblong-lanceolate, the ))erich{ctial lanceolate, all 
 shortly aristate by the excurrent subdenticulate costa, concave, 
 flat on the borders, soft : capsule inclined or pendent, spherical 
 or oblong-pyriform, with a narrow orifice, slightly constricted 
 under it when dry ; lid small, conical, mamillate ; peristome as 
 in the preceding. — Muse. Recent. Supjd. iii. 29 ; Muell. 8yn. 
 i. 275 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 361. -Z?. pullesceuSy var. subrotunduniy 
 Bruch & Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 360. 
 
 Had. Mountains of Canada (2)rM»i>«o)jd) ; Yosemite Valley (ZJo/anJer) ; 
 Colorado Mountains (Downie). 
 
 Differs from B. pallencena in Its concave broader leaves, with a shorter 
 point and the borders not reflexed, tlie capsule nearly pendent, shorter 
 and broader, the sporangium being nearly round, the orifice small. 
 
 ■'ill 
 
 m 
 ■m 
 
 1^ i?Bv' 
 
I 
 
 >■ -i* 
 
 iw 
 
 fe^< 
 
 ' ''tS 
 
 l..:\. 
 
 f '1: 
 
 
 
 
 232 UUYACE^. [iirj/um. 
 
 • • • Flowers dUecxoui. 
 •f- J/<//t' Jtmrera yetnniiform. 
 
 21. B. erythrocarpum, Sihwuej^r. Plat'S short, Kimple, 
 or with fow hnuicht's : K'jivi's criTt, (liNtiiiit, Dpun, rij^id, ovatu- 
 laiK'i'ohite (»r laiu'i'olatc, tlciiticulatt' at the apox or cut in*, cus- 
 pidate by the I'xciirri'ut costa ; bonlerM slij^htly ri'tk'xcd: caj)- 
 v,\\\v inclined or pendent, (>l>l()n<{ or olieonieal, pyriforni, hlood- 
 red; Hd highly convex, apieulale; teeth pale, ferruginous ; seg- 
 nients whitish yeUow. — SujipK i. 2. lUO, t. 70; IJryol. Eur. 
 t. 5170. Ji. saiHjuiiteitm, IJrid. Mu8c. Uecent. Su]»ph iii. ii8 ; 
 Sulliv. Mosses of U. States, 40. 
 
 II All. Muuntains of Nurlliein Alabama (Lc»<invreux)\ rare. 
 
 '22. B. atropurpureum, Wahl. Loosely eespitose; stems 
 ra<lieulose uj) to the bjise of the fertile tufts : lower leaves dis- 
 tant, ov.ite-lanceolate, the upper crowded, tufting, much longer, 
 ovate-acuminate, apiculate by the excurrent costa, concave, 
 very entire; borders reflexed toward the base; areolation 
 loose : male plants slender : capsule turgid at the rugulose 
 collum, broadly oval, blood-re<l or dark j»urple when old ; pedi- 
 cel flexuous, arched above ; lid eidarging above the orifice ol 
 the capsule, hemispherical and apiculate, bright red and shining; 
 teeth reddish at base ; segments yellowish. — Web. &, Mohr, 
 Ind. Muse. 300 ; liryol. Eur. t. 378. Ji. erythrocarpoHy Brid. 
 1. c. iii. 18. 
 
 IlAn. Sandy soil; Lookout Mountain, Alabama (LeHquerenx)\ Buf- 
 falo, New York (G. W. Clinton); Pennsylvania ( James) \ Illinois (Hull); 
 Nevada ( Watson). 
 
 23. B. COronatum, Schwaegr. Loosely tufted, tomentose 
 within, brij^ht green on the surface ; branches slender, soft, 
 loosely foliate : leaves erect-spreading, oblong-lanceolate, mu- 
 cronato or long-cuspidate by the excurrent thin costa ; borders 
 flat, entire; perichretial leaves enlarged at base, abrujaly lanceo- 
 late : capsule pendent and torulose, rugulose at base ; lid large, 
 conical or highly convex-apiculate, thick on the borders, purple, 
 shining. — Suppl. i. 2. 103, t. 71 ; Muell. Syn. i. 307. 
 
 Had. Florida ( D. Ji. Smith, Garber, J. Donnell Smith). 
 
 The areolation of the leaves is like that of li. carneum. The capsule 
 resembles that of the last species, but is thick and fleshy, abrupt and 
 crown-like at the insertion of the pedicel; peristome of the same char- 
 acter. A fine species. 
 
r 
 
 llryum.] 
 
 nUYACE^. 
 
 288 
 
 24. B. versioolor, Al. nnum. Modf of powth ns in //. 
 atntptii'pnreuni ; Inaiichi'M ii|;i»I, •K'liMfly fnliatr : N':ivt'« t'lvct* 
 Hprcailint;, oviitc-laiucolatts ciiHpiilati' l>y the thick Itrowii I'X- 
 (MU'iTiit costa; boivU-rs t'litiri', .slij^litly rt'vt>lul(': capsiiU' ahriipt- 
 \y |)cii<l('iit, on a ri^i*l ikmUccI, lotiiKl-oval, with a short hcini- 
 N|ih(>ri('al colhiin, rc>(hliNh, much NiiiaUcr when <liy, lM'(»a<l- 
 nn)uthtM| when «U'o|K'r('ulatc, <'onMlri«'tt'(l hctwccn colhiin and 
 Hporangiuni ; lid hir^'c, convcx-apicuhiU'. — Uryoh Eur. t. ii7l>. 
 
 IlAH. Florlila ( />. //. Smith); riiic 
 
 25. B. alpinum, Linn. I)cnH('Iy and witU-ly ccspito-si' : 
 ph'ints chcHtnut-cohHi'd or |)ur|>iish hrown, shining, rohust, short 
 and troct, or K)n^ and dccunihcnt hch>w, radiculosc at the haso 
 only, di'tiscly and t'<jually foliate: lea>es erect, ritjid, lanceolate 
 or ohlon^-lanceolate ; costa stout, purplish, excurrent into a 
 short point, entire or obscurely serrate at the apex ; borders re- 
 flexe«l in tho niiiMle: capsule pendi'nt, ovate-obloni; or t)bc()ni- 
 cal-pyrifonn, its somewhat lon<; colluni ^nidually attenuated 
 into the pedicel, solid, blood-red or dark purple when old, 
 slightly constricted under th« orifice ; lid mammiform ; outer 
 peristome ferrui^inous: spores yellowish green. — JMant. Alt. 
 309 ; Bryol. Eur t. 380. 
 
 Had. White Mountahis (Odkes, James). 
 
 26. B. Muhlenbeckii, Bruch & Schimp. Closely resem- 
 bles the j>reeeding, differing in the olive-green color of tho 
 tufts, the leaves broader, long-elliptical, deeply concave, loosely 
 areolate, more or less obtuse and cucidlate at the apex, borders 
 reflexed all around: capsule chestnut-colored, not puri)lish. — 
 Bryol. Eur. t. 381. H. Hani, Aust. in Coult. Bot. Gaz. ii. 110. 
 
 Hau. New Mexico {Palmer); UelleviUe, Ontario, Canada (Macoiin). 
 
 27. B. miniatum, Lesq. Densely cesi)itose, yellowish 
 green an<l purplish ; stems radiculose, slender, long and mostly 
 simple or dividing by nearly filiform innovations from under the 
 floral buds : leaves appressed when dry, loosely imbricate, the 
 ui)per more crowded but not tufted, concave, ovjite or ovate- 
 lanceolate, obtuse, scarcely or not at all margined or reflexed 
 on the borders ; costa stout, vanishing below the apex ; cells 
 polygonal, solid or thick-walled ; perichaetial leaves slightly 
 longer and narrower : capsule inclined, obovate-oblong, slightly 
 constricted under the orifice when dry, purplisli-fawn color; lid 
 convex or conical, apiculatc. — Mem. Calif. Acad. i. 23. 
 
 Ill 
 
 I i-ii 
 
4 
 
 1; 
 
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 1 , 
 
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 iii! 
 
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 234 
 
 BRYACE.7^. 
 
 [Bryum. 
 
 IIab. On moist rocks, Toseniite Valley {liolander). 
 
 With the appearance of li. paeudo-triqiietrum, with which it grows 
 niix(>(], but easily separated by the given cliaracters. It has the raiuiti- 
 cution of li. Jiiyelovii, Sulliv., from which it differs in its longer capsule 
 and the form of tlie leaves. The purplish branches are often abruptly 
 crimsoned at the apex, as if painted with carmine. 
 
 28. B. At'Wateriad, Muell. Closely relatod to the last, 
 from which it essentially clitfers in its somewhat more robust 
 stems, the leaves more densely imbricate, scarcely open when 
 moistened, oblong or ovate, obtuse, more distinctly narrowed 
 toward tlie base, cucullate, with the borders revolute from the 
 base to the middle, and with a thick yellow medial nerve, the 
 areolation more compact, the up])er cells smaller, less distant, 
 pellucid, narrowly oblong and angular, the lower more distinct, 
 rectangular along the borders, hexagonal toward the middle : 
 the oblong pendent capsule, slightly contracted under the lid 
 when dry, has the same color and form. — IJegensb. Flora, Iviii. 
 76 (1878). Ji. MacoiiHu, Aust. in Coult. Bot. Gaz. ii. 110. 
 
 Hab. Rocks near waterfalls; Yosomite Valley, California (Mrs. 
 Atwater), sterile; Oregon (E. Hall), fruiting plants; British Columbia 
 (Macoun). 
 
 It is very difficult to find marked and persistent characters separating 
 this from tlie last species. Tlie Californian plants are long and still more 
 slender tlian those of B. miniatuni. The fruiting specimens from 
 Oregon are strong, thick, and very short, while the sterile from British 
 America (described as B. Macounii) are .as long as those of B. miniatum, 
 and also much tliicker. Tlie leaves, differing enough in appearance when 
 single specimens are compared, taken altogether have the same char- 
 acters. In his description of B. Macounii, Austin states that the leaves 
 have the borders flat, while in B. miniatum they are revolute. This last 
 character is distinct in B. Atwaterioi, as described by Mueller, and most 
 of the leaves of B. Macounii also have the borders of the leaves as dis- 
 tinctly reflexed or revolute towards the base as in B. miniahtm. The 
 leaves in all these forms are more or less indistinctly margined. Austin 
 also remarks that B. miniatuni is too near B. Mulilenbeckii, but the 
 Macoun specimens are far more closely allied to this last species in their 
 strong growth than are the slender stems of B. miniatum. 
 
 29. B. argenteum, Linn. Plants more or less densely 
 tufted and irregularly cespitose, greenish or silver white ; stems 
 short, radiculose, with numerous julaceous innovations : stem- 
 and branch-leaves broadly ovate or obovate, deeply concave, 
 abruptly apiculate, the comal oblong-lanceolate, acuminate ; 
 costa vanishing above the middle ; borders entire, plane ; areo- 
 lation loose : capsule pendent, oblong, constricted under the 
 
 
Bryiim.] 
 
 BRYACEiE. 
 
 235 
 
 orifice, reddish brown, blackish when old ; lid convex, slightly 
 aj)iciil:ite, dark orange ; inner peristome yellow or hyaline. — 
 Sj). PI. 1120 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 384. 
 
 Var. majus, Schwaegr. More densely cespitose, dividing 
 into numerous longer glaucous-green innovations : leaves slightly 
 obtuse : capsule scarcely rising above the top of the branches. 
 — Su])j)l. i. tl. 88. JJ.Julaceum, Schradcr. 
 
 Var. lanatum, Bruch & Schimp. Branches shorter, thick : 
 top of the leaves white, appearing white-woolly by long flexnous 
 hair-like ])oint8 without chlorophyll : capsule shorter. — Ji. liuia- 
 tunij Brid. 
 
 Had. Sandy ground, burnt places, rocks and wood; very common. 
 The first variety in wet shaded places; the last on dry sandy soil exposed 
 to the sun. 
 
 30. B. CSBSpiticium, Linn. Plants more or less densely 
 cespitose ; tufts yellowish green, ferruginous, tomentose within : 
 leaves erect and straight when dry, the lower distant, small, 
 lanceolate, the upper larger, loosely imbricate, ovate-lanceolate, 
 acuminate by the excurrent costa, all concave ; borders entire 
 and retlexed : oapsule oblong-pyriform, inclined or pendent, 
 narrowed under the orifice when dry ; lid large, mammiform, 
 reddish, polished ; teeth ferruginous, broadly lamellose inside; 
 segments cleft, separated by two or three long-apjiendiculate 
 cilia. — Sp. PL 1121 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 374 and 375. 
 
 IIab. Old fields on the ground, stones, old walls, etc. ; very common. 
 
 A very variable species, especially in the leaves and form of the cap- 
 sule, which is generally capped by a large lid. This with the inflores- 
 cence and the perfect peristome separates it from li. 2i<^ndulum. 
 
 31. B. capillare, Linn. Tufts bright or dirty green, 
 brown-tomcntose inside ; plants branching by few innovations : 
 leaves soft, twisted when dry, broadly oblong or spatulate, more 
 or less abruptly narrowed into a filiform slightly denticulate 
 often flexuous point, brown-margined and reflexed on the bor- 
 ders ; costa vanishing below the apex or excurrent : capsule 
 long-pedicelled, horizontally inclined or pendent, oblong or 
 obconical, gradually narrowed to its collum, which is shorter 
 than the sporangium, fuscous; lid large, mammiform, apiculate, 
 shining.— Sp. PI. 1121; Schwaegr. Suppl. i. 2. 118, t. 74; 
 Bryol. Eur. t. 368, 369. 
 
 Has. Black soil, roots of trees, and shaded places; mountains and 
 borders of streams. 
 
 ' i 
 
 til 
 
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 :lih 
 
 
236 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Bryum. 
 
 
 1 I: 
 
 SUi 
 
 s i 
 
 Ui on the form of the leaves, which are extremely variable, the follow- 
 ing varieties are based: — Var. cuspidatum, Schimp., having leaves with 
 a more or less broad brown margin, the costa stout and percurrent; Var. 
 nieriiUonale, Schimp., witli the costa excurrent into a lung filiform point 
 and the borders narrowly margined; Va,r. Jlacciduin, Bruch & Schimp., 
 with slender branches, tlie longer more distant and narrower leaves 
 softer, obsoletely margined, and obscurely serrate at the plliferous apex, 
 generally found in the Eastern States and the White Mountains. A 
 variety with variously colored capsules, mostly dark red, was distributed 
 in Stilliv. & Lesq. Muse. Bor.-Am. Exsicc. (ed. 2), n. 283 and 284, as B. 
 occidentale, SuUiv. 
 
 82. B. occidentale, SulUv. Loosely cespitose ; stems 
 short, tomentose under the crowded tufts of floral leaves ; 
 innovations slender and few, thicker in the middle : leaves 
 elliptical or oblong-lanceolate, entire, flat or slightly reflexed on 
 the borders ; costa stout, excurrent into a short slightly serrate 
 point ; basilar areolation quadrate, the upper narrowly rhom- 
 boidal-hexagonal ; iierichaetial leaves slightly narrower : cap- 
 sule pendent, oblong, short-necked, with a broad orifice ; lid 
 convex-apicuhite ; annulus very broad. The male i)lants are 
 slender, branching in successive gemmaceous innovations. — 
 Pacif. li. Hop. iv. 188, t. 7. 
 
 Had. Near San Francisco (BUjelow). 
 
 Separated from tlie nearly related li. aespUiciuin by the erect appressed 
 decurrent scarcely margined leaves, not so acuminate nor so long-cuspi- 
 date, by the stouter costa, and by the denser areolation composed in the 
 lower half of quadrate cells. It has also an oblong and smaller capsule, 
 with but a slight tendency to a pyriform outline, a wide and reddish lid 
 and a larger annnliis. — (Sulllecmt.) 
 
 33. B. obconicum, Hornsch. Plants short, radiculose up 
 to the innovations : stem-leaves ovate, the comal crowded, open- 
 erect, imbricate or slightly twisted v/hen dry, ovate or ol)long, 
 more or less long-cusi)idate by the excurrent smooth or slightly 
 denticulate costa, bordered with a yellow margin : cai)sule pen- 
 dent, long-obconical, the sporangium gradually narrowed to a 
 collum nearly as long and to the reddish brown pedicel ; lid 
 hemispherical, minutely papillate. — Bryol. Eur. t. 367. 
 
 Hab. Santa Cruz Mountains, California {Breioer); Florida (D. B. 
 Smith); Colorado {Wolf & Rothrock). 
 
 Intermediate between B. capillare and B. coBsplticiwn. From the first 
 it differs in its shorter gradually acuminate scarcely twisted and more 
 solid leaves; from the second in the long-necked narrowly obconical cap- 
 sule, whose orifice has a cartilaginous polished border and a bright red 
 lid. The margins of the leaves are pale yellow, not thickened. 
 
Bryum.] 
 
 BRYACE/E. 
 
 237 
 
 34. B. Californicum, SulHv. Densely cespitosc; stems 
 and innovations very short, bulbifonn : lower leaves distant, 
 imbricate, the upper densely crowded in small globose heads, 
 concave, subqtiadrate-ovate, short-apiculate ; borders entire and 
 flat ; costa continuing to the apex : capsule dark red, oblong, 
 pendent, ecpial and scarcely narrowed at the collum, >vhich is 
 rugose when dry, obtuse at l)ase ; lid very small, hemispherical ; 
 teeth bright purple, deeply inserted and distantly articulate ; 
 cilia short, solitary, not appendiculate ; annulus large, revoluble. 
 — Pacif. K. Kep. iv. 186, t. 6. 
 
 Hau. Near Benicla, California {Bhjeloio, Bolander). 
 
 As remarked by the autlior, this species is allied to B. versicolor, which 
 however has the pedicel more suddenly bent at the base of the inflated 
 collum, and the leaves longer and long-acutiiinate by the excurrent costa. 
 From B. liUndli, to which it is also related, it differs In its narrower 
 leaves, in the form of the capsule, which is subglobose in the European 
 species, and in the inner peristome. 
 
 35. B. cyclophyllum, Bruch & Schimp. Plants bright 
 green, soft, loosely cespitose, more or less divided according to 
 size, radiculose near the base at the axils of the leaves : stem- 
 leaves distant, broadly ovate, narrowed to the base, the comnl 
 few, broadly oblong, all concave, ol)tuse, very entire, loosely 
 areolate, twisting when dry ; costa vanishing below the apex : 
 male plant similar ; perigonium reddish, gemmiform : capsule 
 pendent, short, pyriform, broad-mouthed, constricted under the 
 orifice when dry; peristonn^ regular. — Bryol. Eur. t. 370. 
 minium cydophyllum^ Schwaegr. Suppl. ii. 2. 160, t. 194. 
 
 Hah, On stones wet by spray, at Niagara Falls (Cr. Jr. Clinton)', wet 
 rocks, Pennsylvania (James). 
 
 This species is often confounded with B. cnlophi/llnm, from which it 
 differs in its broader softer and more loosely areolate leaves, in the in- 
 florescence, and the regular double peristome of a Bryum, tlie segments 
 being separated by appendiculate cilia. 
 
 36. B. pallens, Swartz. Tufts short, soft, purplish yellow : 
 lower leaves remote, open or recurved, ovate-lanceolate, acumi- 
 nate, decurrcnt at base, the upper close, tufted, oblong-acumi- 
 nate, and mucronate by the excurrent costa, all surrounded by 
 a narrow margin composed of two rows of cells ; borders plane 
 in the upper part, reflcxed near the base: male plants more 
 slender: capsule inclined, more rarely pend< nt, often cernuous 
 or incurved, rarely regular, long-necked and pyriform, soft, yel- 
 lowish or brown, erect when dry, not constricted under the 
 
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 ii 
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 238 
 
 BRYACE^E. 
 
 [Bryum. 
 
 orifice ; lid mammiform, sinning, yellow ; teeth closely articu- 
 late, ferruginous ; segments pale yellow. — Muse. Suec. 47, 
 t. 4 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 373. 
 
 Had. Wet places on mountains; New Hampshire (James)', White 
 Face Moimtain, in the Adirondacks (C. 11. Peck). 
 
 Variable in the size of the plants, the length of the pedicel, and the 
 form of the capsule. 
 
 •^ -^ Male floicers suhdiscoid. 
 
 37. B. Duvalii, Voit. In very loose soft purplish green 
 
 tufts ; stems long, erect when young, decumbent when old, 
 
 slender, as are also the few very long innovations, radiculose at 
 
 the base only : leaves distant, open or reflexcd, nearly equal, 
 
 broadly ovate-lanceolate, long-dec urrent, ])lane on the entire 
 
 borders, loosely areolate, much contracted when dry ; costa 
 
 vanishing below the apex ; inner pericha?tial leaves lanceolate, 
 
 erect : capsule on a long slender pedicel, sometimes longer than 
 
 the innovations, obovate-oblong, regular, pendent, constricted 
 
 under the orifice when dry ; lid convex, uniform in color. — 
 
 Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. ii. t. ; Bryol. Eur. t. 371. 
 
 Hab. Mountains of New Englrnd ( Oakes, etc. ) ; Canada, New Mexico, 
 California, Oregon, etc. ; not common. 
 
 38. B. pseudotriquetrum, Schwaegr. Plants widely 
 cespitose or pulvinate, robust, olive or greenish yellow ; stems 
 sparingly branching, tomentose to the apex : leaves gradually 
 larger and more crowded toward the apex, erect or spreading, 
 loosely appressed, incurved or twisted when dry, oblong-lanceo- 
 late, gradually acuminate, serrate at the apex, bordered by a 
 narrow yellowish margin becoming broader toward the base 
 and reflexed ; costa stout, reddish, percurrent ; involucral 
 leaves broadly ovate, acuminate, costate, spreading when mois- 
 tened ; antheridia and paraphyses very numerous : capsule long, 
 pedicellate, inclined, long-obconical or oblong, sometimes curved 
 upward and subventricose, constricted under the orifice when 
 dry ; lid highly convex, papillate, uniform In color and shining. 
 — Suppl. i. 2. 110 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 364. Mnium triguetrum, 
 Hedw. Muse. Frond, iii. 19, t. 7. 
 
 Hab. Swampy ground, wet rocks, borders of springs; plains and 
 mountains; not rare. 
 
 39. B. turbinatum, Schwaegr. Plants loosely and widely 
 cespitose, rarely in compact tufts, dirty or reddish green ; 
 
liryum.] 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 239 
 
 sterna short, often bearing long slender branches reaching as 
 high as the long slender pedicel : lower leaves ovate-acuminate, 
 concave, the ujjper gradually larger, tufted, ovate, oblong- 
 lanceolate, obscurely serrate at the apex, with very narrowly 
 margined and rellexed borders, mucrcnate by a stout reddish 
 excurrent costa : male plants in separate tufts or mixed with 
 the fertile ones, more slender and nearly simple ; perigonium 
 thick, subdlscoid, in a tuft of few leaves : capsule long-i>edi- 
 celled, pendent, broadly pyrifonn, obconical at its coUum, con- 
 stricted under the broad orifice wher* dry ; lid convex, apicu- 
 late, shining. — Suppl. i. 2. 109 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 372, excl. var. 
 latifoUum. Mnium turbinatum^ Hedw. Muse. Frond, iii. 22, t. 8. 
 II AB. Wet rooks, Niagara Falls; Rocky and Uinta Mountains; Galton 
 Mountains, British Columbia. 
 
 40. B. Schleicheri, Schwaegr. Closely resembles the last 
 species, differing essentially in the great size of the ]>lants, the 
 leaves twice or thrice larger, bright or yellowish green, more 
 concave, not carinate, with margin narrower, the borders nearly 
 flat, and the areolation loose. — Suppl. i. 2. 113, t. 73. ./?. tur- 
 bhiatum^ var. latifoUum, Bruch & Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 372. 
 
 Var. angUStatum, Schimp. Plants shorter, slender, sim- 
 ple : leaves smaller, narrower. — Syn. e<l. 2, 403. 
 
 Var. latifolium, Schimp. 1. c. Tufts soft, inflated, green ; 
 plants long (4 to 12 cm.), rarely simple : leaves broadly ovate, 
 rounded-obtuse or oblong-ovate, acuminate, mucronate by the 
 excurrent costa. 
 
 IIab. Wet meadows; Bigtree Grove, California (Bolnmler)\ near Salt 
 Lake City (Wat»on)\ Var. anr/nstatum in the Humboldt Mountains, 
 Nevada (Watson). 
 
 The species is very variable in all its characters. 
 
 Subgenus III. RHODOBRYUM. 
 
 Plants fine and large, with a single innovation from under 
 the apex, passing into a stem from the continuation of basilar 
 subterranean stolons. Stem-leaves distant, subsquamiform, the 
 comal crowded, rosulate. Flowers dioecious, discoid. 
 
 41. B. roseum, Schreb. Stem-leaves appressed, oblong, 
 lanceolate, small and thin, the comal more solid, spatulate, 
 acuminate, acutely denticulate from the middle upward, 
 
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 240 
 
 BUYACE^. 
 
 [Bryum. 
 
 reflexed to the base, crispulate wlicn dry ; costa broad and red- 
 dish at base, narrowed upward and pereurrent ; areolation loose, 
 the cells chlorophyllose : male ])lants generally in separate 
 tufts, the comal leaves shorter and broader, spreading star-like : 
 capsule single or two or three in the same pericluetium, |)endent 
 on a long solid dark purple pedicel, oblong-conical, slightly 
 incurved, rarely obovate-oblong, not constricted under the orifice 
 when dry, solid ; lid mammiform, dark purple ; teeth very long; 
 inner membrane orange-colored ; segments laeunose along the 
 keel; annulus revoluble. — Spieil. Fl. Lips. 84; liryol. Eur. 
 t. 365. 
 
 Had. Shaded pine woods, base of trees, on shaded rocks covered with 
 luunus; not rare on the Eastern slope. Found also in California by Jio- 
 lander. 
 
 The most beautiful species of the genus, like a Mnium in appearance, 
 but closely allied to B. cainllare in its characters. 
 
 42. B. COncinnatum, Sj)ruce. Dioecious .-plants small, 
 cespitose, cohering by radicles below ; stem about 2 cm. long, 
 erect, julaceous, slender, filiform from the base, reddish below, 
 green above: leaves erect-appressed, broadly ovate or oval- 
 lanceolate, carinate-concave, apiculate by the slender subexcur- 
 rent costa ; borders erect and very entire ; upper areolation 
 narrowly rhomboidal, the basilar quadr.ate. — Muell. Syn. ii. 575. 
 Had. Kaaterskill Falls, Catskill Mountains (C. //. Peck). 
 
 86. ZIERIA, Schimp. 
 Plants short, cesjutulose, branching by innovations under the 
 flowers, then dichotomous. Stems radiculose up to the apex. 
 Leaves soft, more or less densely imbricate, ovate and oblong- 
 acuminate, apiculate or cuspidate by the excurrent costa ; are- 
 olation broadly hexagonal-rhomboidal. Flowers gemmiform. 
 Capsule horizontal or curved down, short-pedicelled, very long- 
 necked, narrowly elliptical, sporangium inflated. Lid small, 
 convex-apiculate, oblique. Peristome double; the teet\ nar- 
 rowly lanceolate, remotely articulate ; inner membrane divided 
 into narrow segments, often united at the apex by transverse 
 divisions, 8epar.ated by rudimentary cilia. 
 
 1. Z. julacea, Schimp. Tufts soft and loose, silvery white ; 
 stems short, divided into numerous erect branchlets: lower 
 
Mnium.] 
 
 BRYACE^E. 
 
 241 
 
 stem-leaves remote or destroyed by mneeration ; comal leaves 
 oblong-lanceohite, those of the branchlets densely iiubrieate, 
 broadly ovate, concavo, acuminate ; uiner costa soft, exeurrent; 
 areolation very broad and soft, chloroj)liyllose at the base only, 
 hyaline above: caj)sule horizontal or slightly inclined ; colluin 
 twice as long as the sporangium ; lid convex-conical, acute, 
 orange-colored, the capsule being yellowish-brown ; teeth orange 
 at base, subulate and whitish at the ai>ex. — Coroll. 08. liryum 
 Zierii, Dicks. PI. Crypt, i., t. 4, fig. 10 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 341. 
 
 llAU. Near the Height of Land, Kocky Mountains of British America 
 {Lruininond). 
 
 2. Z. demissa, Schimp. Tufts dense, reddish brown, 
 densely matted by a felt of radicles : stem-leaves ovate-lanceo- 
 late, costa vanishing below the apex ; comal leaves oblong- 
 lanceolate, long-cuspidate by the exeurrent costa ; branch-leaves 
 loosely imbricate : capsule curved down on an arched pedicel, 
 clavate, its coilum and sporangium of ecpial length, yellow, 
 chestnut-colored when old ; lid small, mamillate, oblique ; teeth 
 lanceolate; segments of the inner membrane twice as long as 
 the teeth, united at the apex and adhering by transverse lacinia; ; 
 cilia very short, single or bifid. — Coroll. 09. Jfeesia demissa^ 
 TIoj)pe & riornsch., IJegensb. Flora, ii. 100 (1819). liryum 
 demi'ssu)}}, Ilook. Muse. Exot. t. 99; IJryol. Eur. t. 841. 
 
 Had. Fissures of rocks, Twin Lakes, Colorado (Downie, liothrock & 
 Wolf, Porter); very rare. 
 
 |i#l' 
 
 
 87. MNIUM, Linn. (PI. 3.) 
 
 Plants larger than in Uri/um, gregarious, or more generally 
 loosely and widely cespitosc. Stems produced from basilar 
 innovations or from subterranean stolons, woody, tomentose, 
 rarely divided and sometimes bearing arcuate creei)ing flagelli- 
 form branchlets. Leaves 3-5-ranked, the lower smaller, distant, 
 the n] per much enlarged, crowded and rosulate, broadly ovato 
 or spatulate; costa stout; bordeis thick, simply or doubly 
 dentate ; cells of the areolation very large, round-hexagonal, 
 hexagonal-oblong near the base, rarely chlorophyllose. Flowers 
 bisexual or dioecious ; the male discoid ; antheridia and clavate 
 paraphyses axillary, very numerous. Calyptra cucuUate, narrow, 
 
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 1. 1 
 
 242 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Mnlnm. 
 
 I. 5 
 
 fugacious. Capsules on long often clustered pedicels, inclined 
 or pendent, ovate-oblong or subglobose, the short coUuin al> 
 ruptly narro\vi?ig to the jiedicel. Lid nianunifonn or convex- 
 conical, more or less long-beaked. Peristome as in Jii'i/um^ the 
 inner inend)rane reaching the middle of the teeth ; cilia '1 or 3, 
 not appendiculate at the articulations. Annulus narrow, revolu- 
 ble. Spores minute. — Astrojyhyllum^ Neck. 
 
 * Leaves inaryined^ simply serrate. 
 •«- Flowers bisexual, 
 
 1. M. CUSpidatum, Iledw. Plants simple, with creeping 
 or guberect stolons : leaves decurrent, the lower obovate, the 
 comal oi ovate-oblong, the ])ericha;tial sp'itulate, those of the 
 stolons r()un<l-obovate, all npiculate-muo onate or short-cuspidate 
 by the excurrent costa, margined by a triple row of brown cells 
 and solid yellow teeth : capsule single, subj)endent, oval, light 
 brown ; lid highly convex, obtuse or papillate ; outer j)erlstome 
 yellow, the inner orange, solid ; segments broadly open on the 
 keel, filiform and aj)iculate at the apex ; cilia generally three. 
 — Spec. Muse. 192, t. 45, excl. var. ; Bryol. Enr. t. 396. M. 
 silvaticum^ Lindb. Mniac. Eur. in Faun. Flor. Fenn. ix. 59. 
 
 Uad. Shaded places on the ground ; common. 
 
 2. M. Nevii, Muell. Plants short, yellowish green above; 
 stems simple, clavate : stem-le.aves close, spreading or reflexed 
 when moistened, fleshy, decurrent and narrowly wedge-form at 
 base, enlarged upward and spatulate-ovate or orbiculate, acu- 
 minate or aristate by the excurrent costa, with the point more 
 or less flexuous; borders acutely dentate or ciliate; cells of the 
 areolation small, regularly hexagonal, green and chloro])hyllose, 
 yellowish on the border ; perichaetial leaves few, small, lanceo- 
 late-acuminate, entire, bordered above only by a narrow margin : 
 capsules aggregated (2 or 3), cylindrical-oblong, enlarged at 
 base ; pedicels yellow, flexuous : lid and calyptra not seen. — 
 Regensb. Flora, Ivi. 480 (1873). 
 
 Had. Portland, Oregon {R. D. Nevius). 
 
 The species is allied to M. cuspidatum, but is recognized at first sigb* 
 by its simple clavate stems. 
 
 3. M. venustum, Mitt. Plants erect, pale green or greenish 
 yellow ; stems erect, rigid, simple or once forked, densely foliate 
 
 iji 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 : L 
 
 i 
 
 mk^ 
 
 - ■! 
 
Mnlum.] 
 
 BUYACE.E. 
 
 243 
 
 toward the apex : leaves spreadinj; when moist, the coiiial open, 
 erect, hroadly elliptical, acuminate or cuspidate by the excur- 
 rent thick costa, sharjtly <lentate on the lK)i(lers; pericluetial 
 leaves cuspidate, the inner narrow, lanceolate: capsules ai,'i,ne- 
 pated (3 or 4), lonp-pedicelled, inclined or pendent, ohloiii;, 
 broad-mouthed, pra<lually narrowinu; to the pedicel, papillose and 
 stonialose toward the base; lid obtusely conical or obtusely 
 ajticulate; aimulus simple, broad. — Kew Journ. IJot. viii. 231 
 (1800), 1. 12, 13; Sulliv. Icon. Muse. Suppl. 52, t. 30. 
 
 II AU. I'lVfiHe coast, from California noitlnvaiil. not rare (Douylas, 
 etc.); W. Montana, N. Idaho, and Spokan Falls ( Watson). 
 
 4. M. medium, Bmch & Schimp. Plants lari^e, broadly 
 eespitose: lower leaves distant, ovate, cuspidate, the comal 
 obovate-linufulate, narrowed to the half-clas|)ini; base, cus|iidate, 
 sharply serrate and narrowly mar<;ined all around : cajtsules 
 solitary or in jtairs, pendent, oblong ; lid highly convex, apicu- 
 late. — Bryol. Eur. t. 398. 
 
 IIab. lY'iid d'Oreille Lake In N. Idaho; Fort Colvllle and Cascade 
 Mountains, Washington Territory; Wasatcli Muuntains; also tlie Eastern 
 slope, in \e\v Jersey, New York, and Massachusetts. 
 
 Closely resenilding 3/. (ijfine, hut ditTerint,' in the inflorescence, tlie 
 leaves more sharply serrate and lesscrispate when dry, the capsule longer, 
 with a longer and more acute lid, and the teeth narrower. 
 
 5. M. Drummondii, Bruch & Schimp. Plants loosely 
 
 eespitose • leaves open, reflexed, decurrent at base, the lower 
 
 small, distant, elliptical-obovate, the coinal gra(hnilly larger, 
 
 crowded, obovate-lanceolate ; outer pericluetial leaves oblong, 
 
 spatulate, the inner very small and lanceolate, all mucronate- 
 
 apicidate, bordered by a yellowish brown margin, ciliate-dentate 
 
 above; costa thick, nearly continuous; cells of the areolation 
 
 i\»nnd-hexagonal, chlorophyllose, those of the base oblong and 
 
 nearly empty: capsules clustered (2 or 3), oval-oblong, nearly 
 
 pendent; lid mammiform; segments of the inner i)eristome 
 
 orange-colored, broadly lacunose, with 2 or 3 intermediate cilia. 
 
 — Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. 6G9 (1843) ; Sulliv. Mosses of U. States, 
 
 47, and Icon. Muse. 83, t. 51 ; Sulliv. & Lescp Muse. Bor.-Araer. 
 
 Ex sice. n. 199. 
 
 Had. White Mountains (Oakes, James)', Maine (Scribner); Ontario 
 {Macoitn)', British America { Dritmmond) ; Oregon {flail), n. 257, partly. 
 
 6. M. rOStratum, Schwaegr. Loosely eespitose, with long 
 creeping stolons ; fertile stems short, simple, erect : branch- and 
 
 
w, 
 
 «L4i 
 
 i ! .{ 
 
 \\ 
 
 244 
 
 BIIYACE^. 
 
 [Mnium. 
 
 stc'in-lcftvcs imrrowcfl nt Imso, l)roa(lIy olmvnto or liiit^ulate, the- 
 coiiial loii|Ljcr, Hp.'itiilatc, rceurvt'd when dry, utidulate on tlio 
 rrtli'Xi'd Ixtrdi'i'H, with broad distantly Hcrrate hrown niar_y;inM, 
 nuicronati' or apiculatc by tlio 8tout oxciirrent costii ; itericlia'tial 
 luavt's lanct'oiati', t-ntirc, Htronj^ly costatc: calyptra j>ersiHti'nt : 
 ca|>Mult'M ovate, yi'llowish, sot't, more <jr less ini'iini'd on the 
 curved pedicel, 1 to JJ in llie same perichietiinn ; n<l eonvex, con- 
 ical-beaked, pale yellow; outer peristome yellow, the inner 
 oranjj;e. — Suppl. x.'l. 1250, t. 71>; Bryol. Kur. t. iiUo, liryui.i 
 rontnitiini^ Schrad. Spieil. ¥\. (ierm. 7*2. 
 
 Il.vn. Aloiii; wooillaiul rivulets, wet santl or rocks wet by spray; not 
 rare on the Ka»lern slope; not yet foiuul ou the Western. 
 
 •K -K J^yoifcrs ditvciotis ; the male discoul. 
 
 7. M. afflne, IJIand. Plants large, widely and loosely ces- 
 pitose, sometimes stoloniferous ; leaves spreading, reeurved 
 when dry and erispate on the borders; lower stem-leaves round- 
 obovate, those in the middle ovate-oblonnr, more or less deeur- 
 rent,the upper crowded and rosidate, obovatu and long-s|»atulate; 
 outer peridnetial leaves inu'rowly lipatulate, the inner lanceolate, 
 all more or less abruptly acuminate and cusj)idate by the stout 
 excurrent oosta, bordered all around with an acutely dentate 
 margin : male tlowers large : capsules clustered (1 to 8 or more), 
 pendent, oblong, glaucous-green until fully ripe, then yellowish 
 brown; lid convex, apiculate; ])eristome as in the preceding. — 
 Schwaegr. Supi)l. i. '1. 134 ; JJryol. Eur. t. 397. J/ cunpidatum, 
 Neck.; Lindb. Mniac. Eur. 03. 
 
 Var. elatum, limch & Schimp. Stems slender; stolons 
 erect : leaves bordered with a pale margin, with short and dis- 
 tant teeth : capsule shorter, generally solitary. 
 
 Var. rugicum, Bruch & Schimp. Plants shorter, simjde, 
 with shorter leaves ; those of the branches cordate, ajiiculate or 
 not, nearly entire: capsule smaller, inclined or cernuous. 
 
 IIau. On the sirountl an J shaded banks or roots of trees, common; 
 var. elntnm on damp sandstone rocks in woods, Southern Ohio. 
 
 8. M. insigne, Mitt. Plants robust, yellowish green ; 
 stems simjile, erect, remotely foliate, radicidose at the base only : 
 leaves oblong and oblong-lanceolate, cusi)idate by the excurrent 
 costa, long-decurrent at the gradually narrowed base, surrounded 
 by a colored serrate margin ; outer jjerichaetial leaves longei-, 
 the inner short, narrow, subulate : capsule long-pedicellate, half 
 
 :> i^ 
 
 iU^ 
 
 * 
 
 i 
 
Mninm.] 
 
 DRYACE.E. 
 
 24.-) 
 
 pctidfut, ovntc-cylimlrical, clnstcnMl ('2 to 4) ; I'nl convex, 
 ohtusi'ly a|ii(Mil:itt'. — Sulliv. Icon. Muse. Su|»|>I. M, t. '^7. 
 
 11 All. U't-'Kiorii 8l(lc uf the Kucky MuuiitaiiiN, aiul V'uncuiivor I.tluiul; 
 not rare. 
 
 Miltt'ii says that it differs from iV. offlnr in its lontjor narrower leave«, 
 whicii are wiili-Iy tlecurreiit at l»ase, wiiiic; tlu'y are not at ail tlt'curreiit in 
 M. iijflnc. .Siiiiivant ri^'hlly reinarks tliat tiit; liistinctioii in tlie form <>f 
 tlie leaves is <|iiitc correot, hul tliat in M. ajfhir tlie h'aves are always more 
 or loss (lecurrent, anil that it is therefore (lilUeiilt to separate these species. 
 * * J^eaces with a thick douhli/ dentitte Ttidtyi/i. 
 •i- Lid fnatniUHte. 
 
 0. M. hornuni, Tiinn. l)i<i'clons: jilants densely ccsititoso, 
 densely radiciilose below; stoiiiH sim|»le, liearini; at Itase a few 
 densely foliate flai^elllform branclilets : leaves gradually closer 
 mid lart(er from the haso upward, open, erect, slightly or not 
 nt all decnrrent, a little twisted when dry, the lowest sipiaini- 
 forin with borders entire and costa red<lish, the middle oval- 
 ohloni;, the npper ohlonjjj; outer periclnvtial leaves narrowly 
 lin<^ulate-spatulato, the inner lanceolate, all sharply acuminate 
 and Hrmly dentate: capsule lonjjf-pedicelled, horizontally inclined, 
 elliptical, sjfreen when ripe and tilled with the spores. — Spec. 
 PI. 1112; IJryol. Eur. t. 390. 
 
 II AH. More generally on quartz or schistose reeks; plains and moun- 
 tains. White Mountains (OnkcH); mountains of North Carolina {Itnrk- 
 ley)', Lancaster and Northampton Counties, Pennsylvania ( T. I*. Jaincs) ; 
 Nova Scotia {N. li. Jamvs). 
 
 -J- -I- Lid roHtntte. 
 
 10. M. Serratum, Laich. Bisexual : loosely ces[»itose ; 
 tufts soft, bright green; stems short, slender, iturjdish, simjde 
 or with slender basilar erect branchlets : leaves <listant, decnr- 
 rent, more or less twisted when dry, the lower ovate-lanceolate, 
 the upper oblong spatulate-lanceolate ; pericha'tial leaves nar- 
 rowly lingulate-lanccolate, all acutely acuminate, with spinulose- 
 dentate margins, which are confluent at the ajjcx with the 
 costa: capsule horizontally inclined, oval and oblong, jiale yel- 
 low, pur[)le at the orifice, soft; lid ])ale. — PI. Eur. 478; Brid. 
 Muse. Recent, i. 3. 84, t. 1 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 391. Brywn serra- 
 twn^ Schrad. Spicil. Fl. Germ. 71, in part (?). M. niarr/inatumy 
 Beauv. ; Lindb. Obs. Mniac. 46. 
 
 Hab. Sandy borders of rivulets in woods; not rare. Not yet found 
 on the Western slope, as Drummond's n. 259, so named, is referred l)y 
 Schimper to the following species. But a close examination of the speci- 
 
 n 
 
 . . i;: 
 
 
 ' :■ %■■• 
 
 ill lit- 
 
Wr^ 
 
 240 
 
 BRYACEJ5. 
 
 [Mnlum, 
 
 I! 
 
 hi 
 If 
 
 •ii 
 
 1 1 
 
 'I 
 
 men*! of three of Drmiiinnnd's «pt« Imn failed to «liow a single liliroloiM 
 Iilaiit ; lieiwo Seliliiipei'H refcreiiee Ih ntill tineertain. 
 
 11. M. orthorrhynchum, Hnich & Schimp. Diacioim. 
 I)irt't'rM fnun tlu' int'ciMliiii^ in tlu' inflorescence, the piantH 
 Homeu'liat more Holid and more <lensely foliate, with a HJii^htly 
 HMialh'r areohitioii, the teeth more atMite, the coHta Hpinnlose on 
 the hack, th«' male flowers discoid and |»oly|»hyllouH, the oajwule 
 Huhventricose, sllirhtly curved upwards, as also the heak of the 
 lid, which is somewhat longer and thicker, and the spores twii'O 
 ns larj,'«'. — Hryol. Kur., t. .)!)!. 
 
 II AH. Mii>,'iira Falls (Cihitnn); Kaston, Penn. {JumrH); Ontario {}fn- 
 coun)', ('Dionulo {Itothrock & Mo//); nritish America (Druimiiond). 
 
 1-. M. lycopodioides, Schwaej^r, Did'cious: plants loosely 
 ces|)itose, slender, dirty j^reen : lower leaves <listant, ohionuf, the 
 upper <;radually lander and loni^-lintjulate, the perichu'tial hu1>- 
 linear, all cus|>idate hy the excurrent reddish brown costa ; 
 teeth of the brown margin close and sharply acute; areolation 
 dense: capsule horizontal, louijer than in the last two species, 
 subcylindrical and ni(»re or less incurved, brown; teeth longer. 
 — Suppl. ii. 2. t>4, t. Kiil; liryol. Eur. t. m)2. 
 
 II AU. ItorderM of rocky brooks in pine woods; Adirondack Mountains 
 {LeH(jncrcujr); White Mountains (Juiuca); Canada (iVr^. lini/). 
 
 Vi. M. umbratile, Mitt. Diu'cious: plants loosely ccspi- 
 tose or j^rejjfarioiis, dark jjjreen: leaves loosely spreading, the 
 lower smaller, oblong, acute or very entire, the upper elliptical- 
 oblong, short-npiculate, long-decurrent, with narrow doubly 
 serrate borders; costa percurrcnt; cells of the areolation 
 rouinled, thi<'k-walled ; iniu'r j)erich{etial leaves short, lanceolate, 
 the outer long-linear, narrower than those of the stem: capsiUe 
 solitary, cylindrical-()bl()ng, narrowed at base, curved, stibinclined 
 or horizontal on a long reddish flexuous pedicel ; lid pale, con- 
 ical, beaked. — Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 30; Sulliv. Icon. Muse. 
 Sup])l. T)!, t. 35. 
 
 II AU. Mountain Rocks, Portage River ( Drummond) ; Galton Mountains, 
 British Columbia (Lyall). 
 
 Resembles in its foliage 3/. serratumy Brid., but is allied by its inflores- 
 cence to M. orthorrhynchum, differing from it in its softer leaves, with 
 cells four times as large, and also from the last species, whose cells are 
 only half as large and the comal leaves long and narrow. 
 
 14. M. Spinosum, Schwaegr. Dioecious: plants widely 
 and loosely cespitose, stout, dark purple, often 2-3-parte(i; 
 
 m 
 
}fnliim. I 
 
 nuYArE/K. 
 
 247 
 
 ItnuicIih'tN «l('M»<'ly foliatp, tl.'iijcHifonn : Iowmt Iravcs Hmiill and 
 (listMtit, si|iiaiiiifi>i'in, ohioti;;, ohtiisc, entire, seariose, the upper 
 a?i(| comal nliruptly larijer, npreadi' <^ open, erispate when dry, 
 ovate or oMf)ni;-aeuniiiiate, Hpatiilate ; perieha'tial leaven nar- 
 rower, nhortly cuspidate by the exenrrent l»rown eosta, inari;in 
 pin'plish brown; teeth Hpiniforin : male plants mixed with the 
 t'ertiU' or in si-parate tufts: capsules clustered (I to r>), ovate- 
 ()l>lon<^% solid, hori/otital or inclined on a reddish pedicel; lid 
 conical, obtusely beaked. — Suppl. i. ± I'M), t.7H; llryol. Kur. 
 t. 'VXi. lirifiitn uphioHifniy Voit in Sturm, Deutschl. I''l. ii. t. 
 
 Hah. I'mliT low peinli'iit branchcH of pint's, in nildillt; ilistrictH of the 
 Ilocky MoMiitiiins { Ihnniii')' very nirc. 
 
 A l)0!iulifiil sprclciH, easily (llstlnj^nlHhuhJt' by its dark kiocii foliai,'o, tlio 
 It'iivt's iil>riii»tly lonjior at the top of the stiMn, and tlie niui(> IIowcm 
 rosiihitf. 
 
 IT). M. Spinulosum, Hruch & Schimp. Syna-cious: re- 
 
 somblinLT the last; plants less rol>ust, briu^ht or yellowish ijreen: 
 
 leaves broader, loniujer-decurrent at base, more abruptly enlar<;ed, 
 
 obovate-ol)loni,', less crispato when <lry, npiculate by the exenrrent 
 
 costa; marijfin reddish; outer perichiL'tial leaves narrowly acund- 
 
 iiate-lyrate, tho inner very 8>nall, lanceolat*; : capHules j^enerally 
 
 clustered ('J to (»), smaller and shorter, mostly pendent or more 
 
 incliiKMl, thin, greenish yellow when ripe, yellowish brown when 
 
 empty; litl narrower, conical, Khort-buaked, orange-colored.— 
 
 Bryoi. Eur. t. 394. 
 
 II AH. Pine woods in the mountains; not rare. 
 
 This species Is very rare In Europe, whih' the precedlnc; is quite com- 
 mon In the Jurassic or subalplne region. It is the reverse for the distri- 
 bution of these two species In North America. 
 
 # # # Leaves tcithout marr/his, serrate or entire. 
 •t- Lul highly convex^ obtuse or apiculate. 
 IC. M. stellar e, Kcichard. DicDcious : 8ul>-cespitoso, pale 
 green: leaves soft, gradually larger up to the apex of the stems, 
 open, erect, slightly dccurrent, oblong and long ellipticiil-acumi- 
 nate, the lower nearly entire, the upper simi)ly and irregularly 
 dentate ; perichajtial leaves longer and narrower; costa slender, 
 vanishing abruptly below the apex : capside solitary, horizontally 
 inclined, ovate-oblong, nearly regular, soft; lid orange, convex, 
 obtuse. — Hedw. Spec. Muse. 191, t. 45; Bryol. Eur. t. 401. 
 M. Blyttiiy Bruch & Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 400 ; Lindb. Mniac. 
 Eur. 54. 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 if} 
 
 I 
 
 H 
 
 ^ .- ■ ! 
 
 ;• * 
 * t 
 
 m 
 
 I 
 
 'Iff" 
 
i' ' 
 
 H:' 
 
 248 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [MnUmi. 
 
 Nfii 
 
 IlAn. Shaded banks, on luunus; roots of trees. Very rare in fruit. 
 
 Scliliiiper says (Syn. ed. 2, 487), that fruiting spociirens of M. UbjttU, 
 found by Dr. Kiii'r in Dovrefleld, Norway, oblige him to unite that specit's 
 to M. Htclliire, from which It differs merely in its more compact tufts and 
 higher stems. 
 
 17. M. cinclidioides, Iltieben. Dia'clous : plants larijo, 
 loosely cespitose, bright green and shining when young, blackish 
 when old, the sterile branches with larger leaves ; stems dark 
 brown : leaves remote, large, the lower inserted only by the 
 dilated base of the costa, round-ovate or exactly oblong, the 
 upper and comal broadly Ungulate, rounded and slightly emar- 
 ginate at the apex or shortly apiculate, deeply undulate ; outer 
 ])erich{i3tial leaves spatulate, the inner small and lanceolate ; 
 costa gradually narrower upward, vanishing below the apex ; all 
 the leaves thin, subscarious, soft, scarcely changed when dry; 
 areolation obliquely oval, loose : capsule on a long eJender 
 pedicel, abruptly jiendent, ovate; lid convex, apiculate cr acii- 
 niinate. — Muse. Germ. 416 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 401^. 
 
 Had. Bogs, in New England {Eaton, Ingraham, James). 
 
 * * # * Leaves margined^ very entire. 
 -»- Lid rostrcuc 
 
 18. M. punctatum, Hedw. Dicecious: jdants in loose 
 dark or yellowish green tufts ; stems rigid, covered uj) to the 
 fruit-bearing apex with dark brown rootlets : branch- and stem- 
 leaves remote, open or reflexed, large, the lower round-ovate, 
 narrowed to the base, inserted by the enlarged costa ; the upper 
 rosulate, 4 to 6, broadly ovate-spatulate, surrounded by a brown 
 hard thick margin, subemarginate and apiculate at the summit ; 
 costa pur[)lish, abruptly vanishing near the apex : male plants 
 more slender, Avith scarcely any stem-leaves: caj>sule oval, 
 mostly solitary, horizontally inclined, green when ripe ; lid 
 acutely beaked. — Spec. Muse. 193 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 387. 
 
 II AB. Cold springs and borders of brooks, on mountains; rarely 
 fruiting. 
 
 Besides var. datum, Bruch & Schimp., wliose robust stems are 12 to 15 
 cm. long, local varieties are often noted. Specimens from Alaska have 
 the leave i bordered by a thick broad dark orange margin. 
 
 19. M. subglobosum, Bruch & Schimp. Syncecious : 
 a|)pearing at firsu sight like a more compact form of 31. ptmc- 
 tatum, with slender densely tonientose yellowish brown stems 
 and small leaves, but differing essentially in its bisexual flowers 
 
Cinclidium.] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 249 
 
 and in its broadly obovate leaves, not eniarujinate nor aj^iculate 
 at the apex, the margins broader, not thicker, and nnifonu in 
 color; the ca])sules (not yet ripe) are small, shorter, abruptly 
 j)endent ; lid eonieal-beaked, straight, not very acute. — IJryol. 
 Eur. t. 388. J/ pseuilopu/ictation, Bruch & Schimp., in Lond. 
 Journ. Bot. ii. CG9 (1843). 
 
 II AH. Swamps and wet places in vNoods; Northwestern America 
 (Druiuniond, Me tschimper). 
 
 20. M. hymenophylloides, Ilueben. In soft loose pale 
 green tufts; stems radicuiose below, dark brown : lower leaves 
 round-ovate, the upj»er narrowed at base, shortly an<l obtusely 
 acuminate ; costa gradually thicker toward the base, vanishing 
 below the apex ; branch-leaves distant, vertically exposed and 
 distichous, the young pale or yellowish green, the old brownish, 
 more solid, e<iually margined all around : fruit unknown. — 
 Muse. Germ. 410; Brvol. Eur. t. 399. 
 
 Had, Trenton Falls, New York {James). 
 
 ♦ # * * * Stems tree-like : leaves dimorphous. 
 
 21. M. Menziesii, Muell. Dioecious : loosely cesj)itose ; stems 
 rigid, 6 to 10 cm. long, tomentose at base, dividing at the sum- 
 mit into numerous spreading simj)le branchlets covered with 
 distant api>ressed s(iuamiform scarious lanceolate acuminate 
 ■whitish leaves, ciliate-dentate from the mi<ldle upward ; costa 
 vanishing below the apex ; branch-leaves ovate, lanceolate-acu- 
 minate, simply serrate above, concave-j)licate, the costa abruptly 
 spinose on the back, vanishing below the aju'x ; pericha^tial 
 leaves broadly oval, long-acuminate, serrulate at the apex : 
 pedicels long, generally clustered : capsule oval-cylindric, broad- 
 mouthed, pendent ; peristome large, robust. — Syn. i. 177. 
 Bryuni Menziesii., Hook. Bot. ]\Iisc. i. 3G, t. 19. Ihjpnnm 
 acanthoneuron., Schwaegr. Suppl. iii. t. 258''- lihizogoninm, 
 acanthoneuron, Muell. Bot. Zeit. v. 803. Leucolepis acantho- 
 neiiray Lindb. Mniac. Eur. 87. 
 
 Hab. Western coast of North America; not rare. 
 
 88. CINCLIDIUM, Swartz. 
 
 Closely allied to 3ftnum, separated especially by the peculiar 
 structure of the peristome ; the outer composed of linear- 
 lanceolate obtuse teeth, transversely latticed and membrana* 
 
 M 
 
 M 
 
 I < 
 
 '! 
 
rm:'W^ 
 
 250 
 
 BRYACEiE. 
 
 [Cinclidium, 
 
 m 
 
 i' ;k 
 
 ceous on the inside, shorter than the inner peristome, to which 
 they are adherent before becoming free by age, yellowish brown, 
 hygroscopical ; the inner formed of a cupuliform reticulate 
 membrane, ])ierce(l at the top by the point of the columella, 
 lG-])licate and -carinate, the keels alternating with the outer 
 teeth, solid, orange-colored, persistent as carinate columnar 
 remnants between the teeth after the falling of the lid. Annulus 
 small, rudimentary, persistent. Spores very large, brown or 
 
 green. 
 
 1. C. stygium, Swartz. Stem blackish tomentose, simple 
 or bearing few branchlets, rather distantly foliate : lower leaves 
 scattered, round-ovate, obtuse, the upjier crowded into a rosulate 
 tuft, abruptly broadly ovate or ovate-oblong from the narrowed 
 base, apiculate ; borders opaque, cartilaginous ; costa dirty 
 green or blackish in old leaves, stibpercurrent : capsule pendent, 
 oblong-pyriform with an inflated apophysis. — Schrad. Journ. 
 V. 27, t. 2 (1801). 3Inium stygium^ Bruch and Schimp. Bryol. 
 Eur. t. 385. 
 
 Hab. Kocky Mountains (Brummond). 
 
 2. 0. SUbrotundum, Lindb. Differing from C. stygmm 
 especially in its smaller size and bisexual flowers; the leaves 
 rounded from a very short narrowed base, emarginate and 
 obtusely short-apiculate, with the nearly flat borders narrowly 
 margined by a double row of dark red cells, the costa vanishing 
 below the apex, the cells large, disposed in diverging rows, 
 irregularly rhomboidal-oval, very slightly but uniformly thick- 
 ened, chlorophyllose ; the capsule small, very thin, inclined or 
 subpendent, globose-oval, purple and narrowed at the orifice, 
 with a very short collum, the lid very highly convex and very 
 shortly apiculate, the teeth yellow, linear-lanceolate, muticous; 
 the spores green and slightly smaller. — Mniac. Eur. in Faun. 
 Flor. Fenn. ix. 72. 
 
 Hab. Greenland ( Vahl) and Labrador {Breutel), according to Lind- 
 bcrg. 
 
 89. RHIZOGONIUM, Brid. 
 Stems simple, or rarely branching by innovations. Leaves 
 solid, rigid. Capsule obconical, cernuous, long-pedicellate. 
 Peristome double, perfect. 
 
Leptothcca.] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 251 
 
 1. R. spiniforxne, Briich. Syna?cious: stems long, tomen- 
 tose below, erect, simple or divided in the middle ; branches of 
 equal length, curved, loosely foliate : stem-leaves fuscous, long- 
 lanceolate, doubly-serrate on the borders, coarsely serrate at 
 the apex ; costa sharply serrate above, excurrent ; pericluetlal 
 leaves broadly oval at the clasping base, abruptly acuminate ; 
 cells of the areolation round, small, somewhat obscure : capsule 
 inclined or horizontal, obconical, enlarged at the orifice, truncate; 
 pedicel very long ; lid with a short curved beak. — Regensb. 
 Flora, xxix. 134 (1846). Mniiim spini/orme, Muell. Syn. 
 i. 175. 
 
 IIah. Gulf shores, Alabama and Louisiana; in deep swamps at Spring 
 Hill, near Mobile (Mohr); not rare in Florida. 
 
 '!'W 
 
 90. LEPTOTHEOA, Schwaegr. 
 
 Leaves large, marginate. Calyptra dimidiate. Capsule 
 cylindric-oblong. Peristome double, the outer of 16 linear- 
 lanceolate erect teeth, the inner a thin membrane, short and 
 entire, or longer and cut into 16 segments, with or without 
 intermediate rudimentary cilia. 
 
 1. L. Wrightii, Sulliv. Pseudo-monoecious: stems short, 
 simple, in dense tomentose tufts: leaves rosulate, spreading, the 
 comal oblong-obovate or obovate-spatulate, narrowly margined, 
 apiculate or cuspidate by the excurrent often recurved costa ; 
 borders recurved and serrulate above ; cells oval nexagonal, 
 filled by the contracted utricle: calyi)tra dimidiate-subulate: 
 capsule erect, cylind ical, slender; lid conical, short-beaked; 
 teeth very long and narrow, minutely papillose, contracted at 
 the articu'itions; inner membrane short, not passing above the 
 large com] ound annulus. Minute male buds, evidently from 
 the germipi ion of spores, occur on various parts of the fertile 
 plants. — Proc. Amer. Acad. v. 281. 
 
 Hab. Enterprise, Florida ( W. L. Foster, 1875). 
 
 SuBTRiBE I. AULACOMNIEuE. 
 
 Plants radiculose. Leaves densely areolate, the cells small, 
 round or hexagonal-rectangular. Capsule ovate-oblong, short- 
 necked. Peristome of Mnium. 
 
 lit 
 
n I f li 
 
 '1 
 
 U: 
 
 
 252 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Aulncomnium. 
 
 01. AULAOOMNIUM, Schwaegr. (PI. 3.) 
 
 Leaves oblong or long-lanccolato, ])apillose ; costa somitercte, 
 dissolved below tlie apex ; areolatlon nearly equal. Flowers 
 di(T3cious, the male discoid or gemmiforin. Calyptra narrowly 
 cucuUate, long-beaked. — Sphcerocejyhalus, Neck. 
 
 # Dioecious / male Jioicers (/emmiform, terminal. 
 
 1. A. androgynum, Schwaegr. Tufts dense, green above, 
 ferruginous-tonientose inside ; stems often prolonged into small 
 granuliferous ajtical heads {j^seudopodia) : leaves linear-lanceo- 
 late, obscurely denticulate at the apex, curved, slightly twisted 
 when dry ; cells of the areolation small, round, papillose on 
 both faces : calyptra descending to the middle of the capsule, 
 long-beaked : capsule cylindrical-oblong, cernuous-horizontal, 
 furrowed when old ; lid large, highly convex-conical ; annulus 
 compound, revolublo. — Suppl. iii., ♦.. 215; Bryol. Eur. t. 406. 
 Mnium androgynum^ Linn. Spec. PI. 1110. Orlhopyxis an- 
 drogyna^ Beauv. ; Lindb. Mniac. Eur. 77. 
 
 Had. On bare earth, roots of trees, in fissures of granite rocks, etc.; 
 plains and mountains. Cliimney Roclcs, French River [SuUixiani), Very 
 rare on tlie Eastern slope, very common on the Western. 
 
 * * Dioecious ; male fioicers discoid. 
 
 2. A. palustre, Schwaegr. In wide deep tufts, tomentose- 
 radiculose, reddish brown inside, yellowish or dirty green above; 
 stems long, flexuous: leaves erect-spreading, flexuous, twisted 
 when dry, the lower broader than the upper, linear-lanceolate, 
 carinate, transversely undulate, crenulate at the apex, reflexed 
 on the borders, acutely papillose on both faces: male plants 
 similar to the fertile ones and mixed with them ; antheridia and 
 clavate paraphyses numerous : capsule long-pedicellate, tm-gid, 
 ovate-oblong, curved in the middle ; lid large, highly convex at 
 base, conical, blunt at the apex; peristome large; teeth nar- 
 rowed into long subulate points ; segments long, subulate ; 
 cilia of equal length, free or partly coherent ; annulus large, 
 compound, revoluble. — Suppl. iii., t. 216 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 405. 
 3fnimn palustre^ Linn. 1. c. Gymnocyhe paliistris, Fries ; 
 Lindb. 1. c. 87. 
 
 Var. imbricatum, Bmch & Schimp. Leaves broader, 
 imbricate, very entire, not twisted when dry. 
 
Aulacomnium.] 
 
 BRYACEvE. 
 
 253 
 
 Var. fasciculare, IJruch & Schirap. Much divided into 
 sliort nodose branches and flaurellifonn branehlets. 
 
 Var. polycephalum, IJruch & JSchimj). Phmts with 
 nnnierous lon<jf j>seu<loi»odia. 
 
 Var. alpestre, Schimp. Steins short, slender ; hranelies 
 fascicidate, copiously fruiting, without pseudo]»o(lia. 
 
 II All. Very common in boggy ground; plains and mountains; tlio 
 varieties in alpine regions. 
 
 3. A. turgidum, Scliwaegr. Widely and densely cespi- 
 
 tose ; tufts yellowish green above, light brown below ; stems 
 
 without radicles, easily loosened : leaves closely imbricate, 8- 
 
 ranked, ovate-oblong, obtuse, concave, very entire, reflexed on 
 
 the borders, distantly papillose on both faces ; costa thin, 
 
 vanishing below the a\nix : cajjsule slightly narrower than that 
 
 of the preceding species ; lid highly convex, short-maniillate ; 
 
 segments split and disjointed ; annulus shorter, — Sui)j)l. iii. 1. 
 
 Aulacoinnium, 7; Bryol. Eur. t. 404. JLihun turi/Ulum^ Wahl. 
 
 Fl. Lapp. 351, t. 23. Gymnocyhe turgida^ Lindb. 1. c. 85. 
 
 Had. Bogs; White Mountains {Oakes, James); Lake Superior 
 (Agassiz); Adirondack Mountains {Leaqiiereux)', rare. 
 
 4. A. papillosum. Stems long and slender, flexuous, 
 covered with radicles, divided at the apex into fastigiate short 
 branches: lower leaves distant, the ui)per gradually closer, 
 slightly crispate, yellowish green or shining white, strict when 
 dry, ventricose, decurrent and inflated by loose brown cells at 
 the lanceolate oblong base ; branch-leaves smaller, short-acumi- 
 nate ; stem-leaves long-acuminate, more or less undulate toward 
 the a])ex ; borders re volute in the lower ])art, erect above, 
 crenate-dentate or denticuiate-serrulate ; cells of the areolation 
 single-papillate, close, very scabrous ; costa thick, green, deeply 
 canaliculate, vanishing below the a]»ex ; pseudo|)odia short, yel- 
 low: fruit not known. — 3Liiiim i)(ip^llosum, Muell. Kegensb. 
 Flora. Iviii. 93 (1875). 
 
 Hab. Colorado. 
 
 Species intermediate between A. palustre and A. androgynwn, differ- 
 ing from the first in the more minutely areolate and papillose leaves; 
 from the second in the leaves very roughly papillose and never coarsely 
 serrate; and from both in the inflated base of the leaves. 
 
 * * * 3fonmcioiis: male flowers gemmifonn, axillary. 
 
 5. A. heterostichum, Bruch «fc Schimp. Plants in wide 
 pale green tufts, tonientose below i stems increasing by annual 
 
 k, ■ 
 
 IN'- 
 
 ;t 
 
 •!tl': 
 
 
 
 Ma 
 
 ' iS-^' 
 
(!' 
 
 
 Ay 
 
 ! I 
 
 ' I 
 
 ,1 t • 
 
 254 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Timmia. 
 
 innovations : leaves inclined to one side, the lower ohovato, 
 gradually longer upward and obovate-oljlong, incurved on one 
 side, open at the other heloNV, nearly flat toward the apex, ser- 
 rate-denticulate from the middle upward, obtusely apiculate, 
 densely areolate ; costa yellowish brown, vanishing below the 
 ajtex : butls of the male flowers sessile along the stems, radicu* 
 lose at base ; inner perigonial leaves broadly ovate-concave, 
 abruptly acuminate, costate : capsule on a short erect pedicel, 
 oblong, slightly incurved and inclined ; lid convex, obtusely 
 short-beaked; peristome large; segments open but not dis- 
 joined ; cilia '2 or 3, a little shorter than the segments ; annulus 
 large, revolui)le. — Bryol. Eur. t. 403 ; Sulliv. IMosses of U. 
 States, 43, t. 3. Ort/tojii/xts heterostic/ta, Beauv. ; Lindb. 
 1. c. 78. 
 
 Hab. Shady banks and slopes in the woods; common on the Eastern 
 slope of the United States. 
 
 Suhtribe II. TIMMIE^. 
 
 Stems simple or dichotomous by annual innovations. Leaves 
 nearly equal ; areolation round-hexagonal, papillose in the uj>per 
 part, loose at the base. Flowers monoecious and dioecious. 
 Inner membrane of the peristome obscurely 16-carinate at base, 
 divided above into numerous filiform segments, which are 
 miited by fours at the apex. 
 
 92. TIMMIA, Hedw. (PI. 3.) 
 
 Leaves narrowly lanceolate, recurved or spreading from a 
 
 long-clasping base, coarsely serrate above ; costa round, stout. 
 
 Calyptra narrow, cucuUate. Capsule on a long thick pedicel, 
 
 horizontal or inclined, obovate-oblong, obscurely striate or 
 
 smooth, short-necked. Lid convex, papillate or depressed in 
 
 the middle. Annulus narrow. Spores very small. 
 
 1. T. megapolitana, Hedw. Monoecious : plants loosely 
 cespitose, bright green above : leaves deeply serrate from above 
 the clasping base, concave, cirrhate and fistulose when dry; 
 inner perichaetial leaves thin, ovate-lanceolate : male flowers 1 
 to 3 at the base of the female, short-pedicellate : calyptra long, 
 very narrow, often left attached to the pedicel or more rarely 
 
 ^m 
 
Atrichum.] 
 
 BUYACE.E. 
 
 255 
 
 persisting upon the capsule until ripe : capsule oval-oblong, 
 horizontal, inclined or pendent, furrowed and erect when dry ; 
 lid orange ; segments appen<liculate. — Muse. Frond, i. !S4, 
 t. 31 ; Uryol. Eur. t. 407. 2\ cucullata^ Michx. Fl. Uor.-Ani. 
 ii. 304. 
 
 II AH. Wet shaded banks, In woods; plains and niountains; not rare. 
 
 T. cucnllalu, Michx., differs from the normal form in the pedicels of 
 the antheridia a little shorter. It is an Aujerican variety. 
 
 2. T. Austriaca, Iledw. Diieeious : plants stronger and 
 longer : leaves with a longer clasping <lirty yellow base, more 
 solid, yellowish green, shining, serrate downward to the sheath- 
 ing border ; j)erigonial leaves clustered into a long sheath, 
 sjireading at the apex : antheridia longer, shorter-pedieellate : 
 ca])sule on a long-])edicel, horizontal, oval-oblong, with a longer 
 collum, more solid, brown-striate, more distinctly costate when 
 dry ; lid highly convex, mamillate, orange-colored ; teeth longer; 
 segments punctulate, not appendiculate. — Spec. Muse. 17G, 
 t. 42 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 408. 
 
 Hau. liocky Mountains of Colorado {E. Hall, Down'ie). 
 
 W 
 
 ^|'.3 
 
 Tribe XIV. POLYTPJCIIE^E. 
 Plants very variable in size and appearance, of woody or 
 strong texture, often covering wide surfaces, dividing by basilar 
 innovations, or rarely from the a])ex, or in male plants from the 
 centre of the flowers. Leaves very solid, with an enlarged 
 costa, generally lamellate on the inside and with a thick serrate 
 margin. Flowers dioecious, rarely niona?cious or bisexual ; 
 vaginule long. Calyptra cucuUate, naked, spinulose or villous, 
 often covered with long pendent hairs reaching to below the 
 capsule. Capsule long-pedicellate, erect or cernuous, cylindri- 
 cal or angular. Peristome simple, rarely none ; teeth 32 or 64, 
 rarely 16, linguiform, solid, confluent at base, formed of a mul- 
 tiple stratum of thick-walled cells, their points adherent to the 
 disk-like apex of the columella. Spores very small. 
 
 93. ATRIOHUM, Beauv. (PI. 3.) 
 Densely gregarious or cespitose. Leaves not sheathing at 
 base, Ungulate, undulate-crispate or twisted when dry, very 
 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 nm 
 
- J^ 
 
 ' 
 
 
 256 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Atrichwn, 
 
 clilorophylloso, narrowly mnrgiuotl, acutely serrate; costa 
 nearly roiiiid, lamellate ; areolation very close, roun(l-liexa«^()nal. 
 Flowers dicecious, rarely inoiia'eious, the male cup-shaded ; 
 antheridia and paraphyses filiform. Calyptra hairy at the apex 
 only. Capsule oval or cylindrical, cernuous or arcuate. Lid 
 long subulate-rostrate. Peristome of 32 teeth, contiguous to 
 the thick columella. — Catharinea, Ehrh. 
 
 1. A. undulatum, Heauv. Stems erect, simple or dichoto- 
 nious : lower leaves very small, squamiform, the u]»i)er and 
 comal long, nan-owly Ungulate, undulate on the borders, hisjtid 
 on the under surface l)y transverse rows of small teeth, smooth 
 on the u]»per, yellowish margined ; costa narrow, round, with 
 2 to 5 lamella', spinulose on the under side toward the apex : 
 fruits clustered (1 to 3): calyj)tra hisj>id at the apex, persistent: 
 caj)sule long-cylindrical, arcuate or erect, dark brown ; teeth 
 narrowly lingulate, minutely verruculose, marked with orange 
 lines in the middle. — Prodr. 42 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 410. Bryum 
 widulatHm^ Liim. Spec. PI. 1117. Polijlrichuni tunhdatian^ 
 Iledw. Muse. Frond, i. 43, t. 10, 17. Catharinea Cullibryon, 
 Ehrh. Beitr. i. 180. 
 
 Had. In wooils, on sanily ground ; tops of old standing trunks, along 
 roads, etc. Less conunon than the following and very variable. 
 
 The species is dioecious, but sometimes the young male plant produces 
 from the centre of the flower an innovation bearing female flowers, and 
 thus the male plant is transformed into a fertile one. 
 
 2. A. angustatum, Bruch & Schimp. More slender 
 
 than the last, with the narrower leaves more densely areo- 
 
 late, and serrate at the apex only, the costa 5-6-lamellate : 
 
 flowers di(Ecious : capsule nearly erect or subai-cuate, narrowly 
 
 cylindrical, dark purple, shining ; lid sliorter-rostrate ; teeth 
 
 shorter. — Bryol. Eur. t. 411. Polytrichum angustatum, Brid. ; 
 
 Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 50. Catharinea aiigustata, Brid. ISIusc. 
 
 Recent. Suj>i)l. iv. 204. 
 
 Had. Woods and sandy hills, in dryer places than the last; very com- 
 mon. 
 
 3. A. Selwyni, Aust. Differs from the preceding in the 
 broader subspatulate leaves generally obtuse, excavated at the 
 base, the lamellte of the costa (4 to 6) broad, and the calyptra 
 very smooth. — Coult. Bot. Gaz. ii. 95. 
 
 Hab. Northwest coast of British America (Macoun). 
 
Atrlrhum.] 
 
 BKYACE.E. 
 
 257 
 
 4. A. xanthopelma. Dla'cions : widely nn<l loosely ccspi- 
 lose, MnckiMli, sIcikUt : sU'iii-k-uvi'S crispnt.', i;vistt'<l wlu'ii dry, 
 sj>rt';i(ling wlit'ii moist, short aiul nnrrijw, iMuct'olato, ol>tus(», 
 iiii(liilato on the honliTs, very narrowly iiiarufiiuMJ upward to 
 near tlio apex, simply dentate with short rarely a<'uleatc teeth ; 
 costa i-O-lainellate, sparintjly dentate at the a|>ex, more densely 
 on the hack ; cells of the areolation small, (piadrate, roinid- 
 hoxagonal toward the apex: calyptra very narrow, hisjtid at tho 
 aj)ex : capsnle cylindrieal, narrow, slightly enrved on a long 
 yellow pedieel ; lid oMicpiely rostrate from a highly convex 
 hase; teeth of the jx-ristonjo long and narrow. — Cathari/iea 
 .I'diithopalniK^ Muell. IJegensb. Flora, Ivi. 482 (1H78). 
 
 II An. Tcxiis (J. lioll). 
 
 Very closely allieil, like tho last, to A. nnuuntatum, of which it appears 
 to bi; a varii'ty, dilTt-riiig only in the short simple teeth of llie very narrow 
 margin, those oit the back of the costa similar to those of the margin and 
 very ft!\v, ami the pedicel yellow. 
 
 ft. A. Lescurii, James. Plants loosely cespitose or gre- 
 garious, nearly hJack : stuns simple, 2 or 5i cm. long, slender, 
 naked helow, loosely foliate above: leaves incurved-crlspate 
 when dry, erect-spreading when moistened, linear-lanceolate, 
 acuminate, concave, sharply serrate on the borders, enlarged, 
 half-clasping and ciliate at base ; basilar cells siibcpiadrate, tho 
 upper nearly round, obscure ; costa perctu-rent ; lamelhe 4 to H, 
 convex on the back, serrate: capsule erect, cylindrical-ovate, 
 short, enlarged at the orifice and turbinate when empty; pedi- 
 cel short and thick. — Bull. Torn Club, vi. 33. 
 
 riAn. Alaska (A'cWof/f/). A fine species, quite distinct in the narrow 
 crisped leaves, with 6 or 8 long tlexuous cilia on each border near the 
 sheathing base, and in the serrate lamelUe; lid and peristome not seen. 
 
 6. A. crispum, James. Di«3cious: ]>lants densely gre- 
 garious, arising from a subterranean rhizome, dark green ; 
 stems 3 or 4 cm. long, erect, flexuous, simple, slender, radicu- 
 lose at the base only : leaves large, erect, open and spreading, 
 not sheathing, the upper closer, longer, lingulate-lanceolate, 
 imdiilate-crisi)ate when dry, narrowly brown-iriargined, sharply 
 serrate on the borders, smooth on the back ; costa ]>ercurrent, 
 nearly round, with very few narrow lamelljB ; basilar areolation 
 loose, oblong, the upper of small hexagonal chlorophyllose cells : 
 male flowers cup-shaped ; outer perigonial leaves three, large, 
 spatulate-lanceolate, the inner numerous, very small, abruptly 
 
i! ; 
 
 ■ 1 
 
 258 
 
 UllYACEyE. 
 
 [Atrlchum. 
 
 eiilar^i'(l in tlie luiiMIe from a narrow Imso and contracttul to 
 tliu Idunt |«»int, t'litiro : ealyptra twisti'tl, liirsuti; at the apex : 
 capHule I'ri'ct or incliiUMl and 8li<;htly ciuvimI, ol>ovat(>, cyliiidri- 
 cal, narrowiiiix at l)aHi' to a wliort iu'dicol ; lid ol»Ii<|m'Iy rostrate; 
 teeth white and hyaline, exceptini^ the medial <lark orani^o lino, 
 — Sniliv. Mosses of U. ^States, 41, and leon. Muse. 7ii, t. 40. 
 Ctttlmrinea rrhtjxt, James, Jonrn. Acad. I'hilad. IS;'*;'), 445. 
 
 II AH. (irasNy bunks uf hiiiuII strt'iiins), and bogjjy gruuml, near Cuiudun, 
 New .Icrsoy. 
 
 7. A. parallelum, Mitt. DiiL-eious : plants loosely ceHi»i- 
 tose, <lark j^reen ; stems simple, short, solid, erect : leaves half- 
 open, incurved when moist, the ujtper lon<^er, lin<;ulatc-lanceo- 
 late, sharply dentate (not marufined) from helow the middle, 
 marked on the hack hy small thin tooth-like |»rocesses parallel 
 to the costa, which is also '2-5Mamellate on the hack, and the 
 lanielhe dentate ; lower leaves shorter, ohloiiLj, more ohtuse ; 
 j)erichjetial leaves ohloiiLf, convolute at hase, j^radually narrowed 
 and l.'inceolate : male jdants more slender, the t1()wers cup-shaped : 
 capsule lonuf an<l sidK'ylindrical, sli^. ly arcuate, contracted 
 under the orifice, ventricose helow; surface verrucose. — Journ. 
 Limi. Soc. viii. 4S, t. S ; Sulliv. Icon. INIusc, Su|)pl. .")4, t. 38. 
 
 II An. (iraml Cote, Rocky Mountains (I)rnmmonil); niixeil with the 
 followinij. 
 
 Willi the size anil habit of A, nmhilatiim, distinguislietl hy the capsule 
 more ventricose below, and by the characters Indicated above. 
 
 94. OLIGOTRIOHUM, DC. 
 
 Stems simple, from subterranean stolons. Leaves long, 
 linear-lanceolate, incurved on the borders, not margined, snb- 
 tubulose at the apex, distantly serrulate, incurved-hooked when 
 dry ; costa subterete and naked at base, gradually dilated up- 
 ward and covered with numerous undulate sinuous and crenu- 
 late lamella}. Flowers dicocious, the male cuj)-shaped, jn'olifer- 
 ous ; paraphyses partly filiform, partly spatulate. Calyptra large, 
 scarcely covered . ith erect hairs. Cai)sule erect, ovate-oblong, 
 cylindrical, thin. Lid convex-conical, acuminate or long ros- 
 trate. Teeth of the peristome thin, irregular. 
 
 1. O. aligerum, Mitt. Dioecious: plants loosely cespitose 
 or gregarious, black, radiculose toward the base ; stems short 
 
 
'•T^ 
 
 ill 
 
 Pnllnplliim.] 
 
 IJUYACEyK. 
 
 2r>^ 
 
 ami hU'ihIci" : leaves o|m'ii or sjircinliiii;, <»l»l(nii;-I;m«'i'(»lat«', 
 HiMootli, l>limt-|»<)int«'<l, ('iitiie at l«is«>, sliort-tlciilatc altuNc, alate 
 oil the l»a<k l»y loii<^ilu«rmal tientate laimlla' ; vnsiw |iereiin'eiit, 
 carinate, r)-7-laiiu'IIate ; areolatiun nMiiiil.((na(lratc, jli.stiiut ; 
 |teri('lia'tial leaves ovate, wlieathin!^ at base, eri'ct, iianower aii<l 
 siiltiilate to the n)>e.\, with roiiml |)eniiei<I areolatioii: iiimU* 
 Iihiiits shorter, proliferous fmm the centre of the flowers : ealvp- 
 tra witl» a few erect liairs on the u|»)»er part : capMih' of tlu' 
 same f()rMi as in the last species. — .loiirn. Linn. .Soc. viii. 4l^, 
 t. H; Sulliv. Icon. Muse. Supj)l. Afj, t. 'M. 
 
 IIaii. (•niiiil ('Ale, Uocky Muuntiiiiis (l)nniniiouit). 
 
 -. O. Lyallii, T^indh. Plants rohnst, cespitose, ilirty yt'llow ; 
 steins fiistii^iately hrancliiiiLj from the niiildle, plii-ate, naked .at 
 base, densely foliate ahove : leaves l)r<»ader, ohloni.', «'las|tini; at 
 hase, open, narnnvly lanceolate-acuminate ahove, densely Lamel- 
 late, convex and smooth on the hack ; hordi-rs in(•llr^ cd, dis- 
 tantly serrate from the middle upward; inner pericha-ti.al 
 leaves with a Ioiilj convolute liase and a short .'icumeii : ni.de 
 flowers unknown : calyptra fui^acious, with few Jip|»ressed h.airs, 
 split on Olio 8i<le: eapside on a lon<; flexuous reddish pedicel, 
 slightly Inclined, cylimlrical-ohlonii;, ventricoso helow, hiplicate 
 above, plicate-rugose at l)ase wlieu empty ; lid broadly conical 
 nt base, subulate-rostrate. — ()bs. Polytrich. in Faun. Fhtr. 
 Fenn. ix. 10*2. Poh/triehmlelpJnis LtfuUU, Mitt. Journ. Linn. 
 Soc. viii, 49, t. 8; Sulliv. & Lesq. Muse. Bor.-Ain. Exsice. (ed. 
 2), n. 3-22. 
 
 IlAn. British Columbia (Lyall); Uocky Mountains, Colorado, in pine 
 woods (E. Hull); high mountains of California (liolttniUr). 
 
 05. PSILOPILUM, Brid. 
 In aspect and mode of growth like Ollgotrivhion. Leaves 
 oblong, sheathing at base, open, erect above, obovate-oblong, 
 very concave, niuticous at the slightly incurved apex ; borders 
 irregularly crenulate above ; lamelhc of the costa subumhilate, 
 gradually narrowed, thin and disappearing toward the base ; 
 upper areolation minute, subquadrate, long-rectangular at the 
 sheathing base. Calyptra very narrow, smooth. Capsule 
 ovate-gibbous, incurved, laterally compressed, stomatose at 
 base, rugulose when dry, the orifice narrow. Lid short, convex- 
 
 ! Ji f 
 
 il! 
 
 
 = l!T- 
 
 
 
 I!- 
 
1 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 i' i 
 
 ' 1 ^ 
 
 ; 
 
 ; 
 
 : 
 
 ' 
 
 ii 
 
 ■i 
 n 
 
 2«0 
 
 UUVACE.E. 
 
 , [PnllnpUum. 
 
 conic'il, with fi sliort incurvcil hfak. Teeth lontr, Mome of them 
 hi)).'ii-tit(', thill. I)i:i|ihr:i<xiii of th(> cohiiiicll.'i fllllll('l•^4h.'l|)l•(l. 
 
 1. P. arcticum, Hritl. St»'fii« sIiort,siin|»U': capMiiK' ferrii- 
 ^iiiuns, hl.u'k when oM. — Hrvol. riiiv. ii. 1M'». fJ/t'i/ittrit/imn 
 /mu'i/xtithi^ nrmli ifc Sehim|». Hryol. Kiir. t. 414. (J. fjlabnition^ 
 Liiiilh. Ohs. I'olvtiieh. in Vm\\\. V\uv. Keiin. ix. 14JJ. 
 
 IIaii. IVat Im)>{s; Liilinnlor, (jr«'«>iiluiitl and Arcllc Aiiiurlca. 
 
 96. POGONATUM, Beauv. (PI. 3.) 
 Ph'uitH nIiort jiihI .siiiipU', or rohiist and hmt,', with ilemlroid 
 raiiiitieatioii ; fertik- plants arising from Hiihterranean HtoU)nH 
 or from a radie.'il prothallium, dividing l)y innovatioiiH from the 
 nii(MIe of the stems or from under the pcrieha'tium. Fhtwers 
 did'eloiis ; mah' flowers |)roliferoMH. Leaves elaspin^ at l)awe, 
 open, iinalteri'd l)y moisture ; eosta covered with very numerous 
 laniellu) oceupyiiiLf nearly the whole lamina, reiiderinj^ the 
 leaves hanl and e«)riaeeoii8; marjjfins spinulose-serrate. Ca)*- 
 Bule recfular, erect, or cernuous. Peristome of 82 teeth, orange 
 in the middle. 
 
 § 1. Ai.oiDKA. Pltotts shorty sitnple, gregarious or scattered, 
 rculicKlose at hase. 
 
 1. P. brevicaule, l>eauv. Plants short, scattered, arrowing 
 out of a ]K'rsistent dark jj;reen confervoidal ]>rothallium ; stem 
 simple, very short, ^ to 1 cm. lonj;, densely foliate: lower 
 leaves small, appressed, ovate, sliort-pointed, the upper larger, 
 erect-open, clas])ing at the enlarged base, lanceolate-acuminate; 
 periduetial leaves very long, oblong, membranaceous, obscurely 
 costate at base, more abruptly narrowed into a long erect 
 obtusely serrate acumen ; lamellie capitate-claviform in trans- 
 verse section : male plants in short rooting buds ; perigonial 
 leaves erect, curved back from above the middle, imbricate, 
 broadly obcordate, with a thick medial nerve excurrent into an 
 inflated mucronate point : calyptra very hairy, covering the 
 capsule to the base : capsule cylindrical-oblong, papillose, grad- 
 ually narrowed to a short pedicel ; lid convex, enlarged at base, 
 abruptly short -beaked. — Prod. 84 ; Sulliv. Mosses of U. States, 
 41, and Icon. Muse. 75, t. 47. Polytrichum Pennsylvanicum^ 
 
J*oyonatum.\ 
 
 DUYACE.E. 
 
 liOl 
 
 IK'dw. Spec. MuMO. 90, t. 'Jl. J*olytricfiHni tfnui\, Mrtiz. ; 
 LiikII). Polvtiith. 140. 
 
 IJaii. Moixt I'luy baiikM, KanttTri hIdik; uf tlu! Unilf.l States; coiMinnu. 
 
 -. P. brachyphyllum, Kciiiiv. IM.intHdcnsrlyirn'Uaiious, 
 olivi'-ixri-c-ii or ihtrk Imuwm wIu-ii uM, uriHtiii^ t'loiii ti r.nliiMilar 
 ))i'iitlialliiiiii ; Htciii ri^^itl, very Hhort, 2 ur '>i in. in. loiii; : leaveH 
 close, the lower very Hintill, H<jn:iiniform, tliseuloivd, the ii|t|»er 
 inneh hiri^er, "I ur 3 tiineH longer than the sti-tn, o|>eii-s|)rea<liii^, 
 the nit|»er erect, eiihiix<'<l J»t the el.is|>iiiLf base, ol>hnii;-l.aneei>- 
 late, hhint at the apex, the lK)r(ler^< ei.'ire; hiineihe intlati«I on 
 thv bonier: ealyptra villons, <lirty brown, reaihiiiix the ini<l<lle 
 of the cajtHiiIe : capsule thiek, gibbous, ovate, with a distinet 
 Bliort neek, papillose, yellowish brown, obscurely costate when 
 dry ; pedicel solid, dark red, twiste<l to the rl<j;ht ; lid convex-con- 
 ical, oi)tusely apieulate. — I'rodr. 84; Sulliv.*fe Les«|. Muse. IJor.- 
 Ainer. Exsice. n. 211; Sulliv. Icon. Muse. 77, t. 4H. /Vy- 
 tric/iKhi f/ruc/ii/jt/ii/Uioti, Michx. Fl. IJor.-Ain. ii. iJ'Jo; Schwaegr. 
 Su|)pl. ii. 2. IT), t. 150; Lindb. 1. o. 142. 
 
 IIaii. Moist clay banks, New Jorscy and Soulhoni States; not rare. 
 
 3. P. Capillare, Hrid. I'lants short, «;reL!:arious or loosely 
 ccspitose, glaucous-jifrcen ; steins sleiid.'r, tiiostly simple or 
 loosely foliate : lower leaves distant, small, aj»pressed, i^ffjidually 
 h)nij;er upward, the eoinal large, linear from a short sheathing 
 base, sharply serrate on the borders; himelhe alirujitly enlarged 
 at the borders: male ]>lants smaller: calyptra haiiy, covering 
 the capsule to the base : capsule oblong-cylindrical, erect, 
 papillose, thin, on .a slender flexuons and eonip.aratively long 
 pedicel; lid hemispherical at the enlarged base, .-ibruptly 
 straight-beaked. — Jiryol. Univ. ii. 127; Sulliv. Muse. Allegh. 
 n. llf), and Icon. JMusc. 79, t. 49. I*<>hjtHr/,n»i capfl/are, 
 Miehx. 1. c. 294; Lindb. 1. c. Ill and 130. l^xjouatnm nrni- 
 gervm^ Drumm. Muse. Amer. n. 2H4, in part. 
 
 II AH. Northern mountains; White Mountains, Adirondaoks, Rocky 
 Mountains, etc. 
 
 4. P. dentatum, Brid. Closely resembling the last species, 
 from Avhicli it differs only in tlie more robust branching stems, 
 the longer capsule with straight not flexuons pedicel, the teeth 
 of the leaves longer, curved outward or backward, the [jerichfe- 
 tial leaves numerous (5 or G), linear-lanceolate, long-pointed 
 above the long ovate sheathing base, and the perigonial leaves 
 
 iTll 
 
 s 
 
 ■1 
 
 i-\^. 
 
 '>:- 
 
 I.!','/ 
 
 
 liu- 
 
 w" 
 
 1 
 
 P 
 111 
 
r 
 
 W 
 
 m 
 
 \^ 
 
 ) i 
 
 262 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 [Porjonatum. 
 
 shorter. — ]?ryol. Univ. ii. 122; SuUiv. Icon. Muse. Suppl. 57, 
 t. 41. Pohftrichmn tkntatum, Menz. Trans. Linn. 8oc. iv. 80, 
 t. 7, fiLf. 4; Schvv.'U'ufr. Supj)!. ii. 2. 11, t. 155. Poli/trichum 
 cdpillare, var. o.cyc(ih/ji\ IJndb. 1. c. 187. 
 
 IIah. Northwest coast {iVdson, Menzies); Alaska (Bischoff). 
 
 From a coinparison of spciciinens received from Ilampe of the true P. 
 (leututuiii, wliich exactly corresponds to Schwaegrichen's figures, it is 
 evident that this species is closely related to P. capUlare, if not a mere 
 form of it. — ( SuUkant. ) 
 
 5. P. COntortum, Ltsq. Plants lar<?o, gregarious or loosely 
 oesj>itose, glaucous-green above, brown below ; stem sinij)le or 
 with an innovation from under the pericha'tium, loosely an<l 
 irregularly foliate its whole lengtli : leaves erect, open, twisted 
 when dry, the lower sliort, gradually longer ujnvard, all linear- 
 lanceolate, sv arcely enlarged at base, shar|»ly serrate to the l)aso ; 
 costa peivuirent, sparingly dentate on the back; i)erich{etial 
 leaves similar: calyptra covering the whole caj>sule : capsule 
 ovate, cylindrical or obovate, erect or somewhat curved, some- 
 what cons -icted >mder the orifice when dry ; pedicel long, 
 tlcxuous ; hi con\ex at base, rostellate. — Mem. Calif. Acad. i. 
 27 ; Stilliv. Icon. Muse. Su])pl. 58, t. 42. Pohftrichutn contor- 
 tum^ Menz. 1. c. 7'^', t. 7, fig. 2; Schwaegr. Suppl. i. 2. 325, t. 90. 
 Pogonatxm laterale, Brid. Bryol. ii. 111. I*, de/itattim, Lesq. 
 1. c, in j>art. 
 
 II An. Alaska {Kello'jr/); northwest coast (Menzies); Cohmihia Rivor 
 (Hull); clay banks in dense shaded woods, near Crescent City, California 
 (Brewer); Kocky Moiuitains {Perry). 
 
 C. P. atrovirens, Mitt. Stem sim])le and long : leaves 
 spreading, subcris|)ate and incurved when dry, broadly lanceo- 
 late, f 'Mite from an enlarged a]>])ressed base, serrate on the bor- 
 ders nearly from the base, dentate on the back : caj)sule sliort- 
 })rdicellate, oblong, erect; lid convex, short-rostrate. — Journ. 
 Linn. Sor. viii, 41). 
 
 ITah. Sitka (Barclay). 
 
 Di.tcis from the last in the leaves more abruptly pointed, enlarged at 
 the base and sheathing, with the basilar areolation more distinct. 
 
 § 2. Uitxi'iKRA. /Stems lonff^ divided above and dendroid. 
 
 7. P. urnigerum, Beauv. Stems dividing by more or less 
 numerous lateral innovations (2 to 10), all fertile : lower leaves 
 very small, squamiform, the upper crowded, ojien, appressed 
 when dry, linear-lanceolate, serrate from the slightly enlarged 
 
Polytrichum.] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 263 
 
 sheathing base, glaucous-grocn or llglit brown ; poriclia'tial 
 loaves longer-sheathing, narrower : caly|)tra (U'seending to 
 below the base of the eapsule : cajisule ovate-oblong, |>n|>illoso, 
 not (lefornu'il when dry; lid plano-convex, straight-bt-aked. — 
 Prodr. 85; Jiryol. Eur. t. 417. Poh/trkhiun iirti!<jct'Htii^ liinn. 
 Sp. PI. IIOU; Lindb. 1. c. Ill and 184. 
 
 IIah. Woods, on sandy ground; mountains and liilly regions. 
 
 Very variable, especially in the size and length of the stems. A variety 
 from Alaska has very short stems, and a short oval capsule, with tlie 
 aspect of the European P. nannm, Neck. 
 
 8. P. alpinum, Koehl. Loosely and irregularly cespitose ; 
 stems flexuous or erect, black, triangular: leaves o]>en, recurved 
 or subsecund, from a white shining long-sheathin<j: base, lon<j: 
 and narrowly linear-lanceolate, concave, sharply reddish-ih'utate, 
 spinulose on tlje back near the apex : capsule long-pedicellate, 
 cernuous or inclined, tm'gid-ovate or oblong, with a short spurious 
 neck, yellowish green when filled, ferruginous when emi»ty; lid 
 small, with a long obli(iue beak; teeth very irregular. — 
 l)eut:schl. Fl. ed. li, iii. 59; IJryol. ?]ur. t. 418. Poli/trichiun 
 aljyintitn, Linn. 1. c. ; Lindl). 1. c. 110 and 129. 
 
 Var. arcticum, Brid. Plni ts slender, less divided : ca|)sule 
 longer, cylindrical, subarcuate. — llryol. Univ. ii. IIJI. I*, (orfi- 
 cunij IJoehl. Polytrichum syh^atlonn^ ^Menz. 1. c. 81}, t. 7, tig. (J. 
 
 Var. septentrionale, I>rid. 1. c Stems sparingly foliate : 
 leaves shorter, subsecund : capsule erect, ovate-globose. — I*. 
 septentrionale^ lioehl. 
 
 Var. brevifolium, Brid. 1. c Stems erect ; branches few 
 and sho»-t: leaves densely crowded, imbricate, short, rigid, yel- 
 lowish green : capsule very small, globose or larger an<l oval- 
 globose. — Polytrichum bremfolium^ 11. Brown, Apj). Parry's 
 Voy. Suppl. 294. 
 
 Var. simplex, Schimp. Very small ; stem sim])le, scarcely 
 1 cm. long: leaves short, imbricate, erect when dry: capsule 
 short-pedicelled, ovate or subglobose. — Syn. 442. 
 
 IIA13. Wet rocks and shady grassy banks, in mountains. 
 
 97. POLYTRICHUM, Linn. {V\. 3.) 
 Plants growing in wide and large tufts, from radicidose 
 creeping shoots. Stems erect, simple, woody, triangular, the 
 male continuous from the middle of the flowers. Leaves as in 
 
 Ji 
 
 u 
 
rw- 
 
 
 i!l! 
 
 I: 
 
 I 
 
 (1 1 
 ^1 
 
 IS' 
 
 [ill 
 
 'I 
 
 i 
 
 n 
 
 t 
 
 '•■■) 
 
 II 
 
 264 
 
 BRYACE^E. 
 
 [Poly trie hum. 
 
 Pogonatum^ with a broad costa ; lamella) numerous, not inflated 
 at the borders. Calyptra covered with lon^ han<^in<if hairs. 
 Capsule on a lon^ solid pedicel, quadrangular or rarely hexago- 
 nal, with a short sul)gli>l)ose or discoidal a]>oi»hysi8. Lid large, 
 ]»lano.convex or conical, straight-beaked. Teeth of the peristome 
 generally 64. Spores very small. 
 
 * Capsule hexagonal. 
 
 1. P. gracile, Menz. Plants densely cespitosc ; stems erect, 
 slender, very flexuous . the tomentose divided base, simple 
 above: leaves long, linear-lanceolate, sharjily acuminate; bor- 
 ders thin, erect, acutely dentate : ca]»sule erect on a long pedicel, 
 horizontal when dry, hexagonal-ovate, covered by the calyptra 
 nearly lu the base ; lid long-rostrate from a conical base, straight 
 or (ibii(|U('; peristome of 64 unequal teeth. — Trans. Linn. Soc. 
 iv. 78, t. (I, i;^. :5; Ibyol. Eur. t. 421. 
 
 IIah. IViit bogs of Xortliciii Ohio (Le.sf/Hcreux); Lake Superior 
 (.l;/((.s.s/2); Uo(;ky Mountains (E. lUdl). 
 
 2. P. formOSUm, Iledw. Loosely cespitose ; stems long, 
 sometimes very long, erect from the prostrate base: lower leaves 
 very small, membranaceous, sheathing, oj)en at the aplculate 
 point, the uj>pi'r open and recurved from a long sheathing and 
 shining whitish base, glaucous-green above, loosely appressed 
 when dry, long linear-lanceolate ; margins erect, sharjily dentate 
 to near the clasping base; jieritiha'tial leaves very long, erect: 
 calyjitra descending to the base of thecajisule: capsule on a 
 long fleshy pedicel, erect when moist, cernuous when dry, hori- 
 zontal when empty, hexagonal or triangular, with a distinct 
 apophysis; lid conical at base, gradually long-acuminate, red on 
 the borders. — Spec. Muse. 92, t. 19; J3ryol. Eur. t. 420. P. 
 attenuatmn^ Menz. 1. c. tig. 2; Lindb. Polytrich. 109 and 126. 
 
 Var. pallidisetum, Bruch & Schimp. Stems shorter: 
 leaves shorter and bright green : capsule narrower, often sub- 
 cylindrical ; pedicel yellow, reddish at base only. 
 
 Hai3. Woods, in mountain regions; the variety in subalpine regions. 
 
 * * Capsule quadrangvlar. 
 
 3. P. piliferum, Schreb. Loosely cespitose ; stems simple, 
 from radiculose subterranean creeping shoots, erect, naked 
 below : lower leaves very small, appressed, scarcely visible, the 
 
Polytrkhum.] 
 
 BRYACE/E. 
 
 205 
 
 upper abruptly larjj^er, crowMled, ^laucous-t«;rocn, iiubru'ate wlieii 
 dry, ovate, sheatliiiii;, luiiuf-lanceolate at base, nearly erect 
 towards the aj>ex by the iiiHexiuii of the ei'tire borders; costa 
 j^rolonged into a long white dentate awn ; perieluetial leaves 
 linear-lingulate, erect, very concave, the iinier thin ; costa round, 
 without lamella', the awn very long: calyptra descending below 
 the capsule : cai)sule tetr.igonal-ovate, erect, cernuous when 
 dry ; lid de|)ressed, conical at base, short-rostrate, ]»urple or 
 orange; teeth regular. — Spicil. Fl. Lips. 74; IJryol. Eur. t. 42'.:. 
 
 \>U'. Hoppei, JJabenh. Stems very densely cespitose, 
 short : leaves subimbricate when wet, shorter, with a very long 
 awn : capsule on a short thick j)edicel, s(piare or subcubical, 
 orange, always erect. 
 
 II AH. Sandy barren ground; plains and mountains. The variety in 
 the Uorky Mountains (Iknonic). 
 
 4. p. juniperinum, Willd. Plants long, erect from subter- 
 ranean shoots, simple, dichotonmus above: leaves spreading- 
 open when moistencMl, erect when dry, glaucous or dirty green, 
 long linear-lanceolate from the enlarged sheathing base, entire, 
 inflexe*! on the borders; costa excurrent into a short reddish 
 l)rown serrulate awn ; perieluetial and perigonial leaves mem- 
 branaceous on the borders; lamelhe papillose on the margins: 
 capsule entirely covered by the calyj)tra, tetragonal-pi-i.smatic, 
 solid, reddish orange, becoming brown when oM ; lid j)lano- 
 convex at base, apicnlate, re(hlish. — Fl. J>erol. 805; Ifedw. 
 Spec. Muse. 89, t. 18 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 423. 
 
 Var. alpinum, Schimp. In compact tufts; stems shorter : 
 leaves shorter, more crowded, imbricate Avhen (by, the peri- 
 clhTtial long-curved: calyptra shorter, white: capsule shorter, 
 short-pedicellate. — Syn. 447. 
 
 Hab. Barren and dry meadows; plains and mountains. The variety 
 in high mountains. 
 
 5. p. strictum, Baiiks. Plants slender, densely cespitose, 
 branching; tufts matted with a dense whitish tenacious tomen- 
 tum : leaves erect-open, strict, imbricate when dry, shorter 
 and narrower than in the last : capsule smaller, acutely angled, 
 red-orange, covered entirely by the villou-: caly|»tra. — Menz. 
 Trans. Linn. Soc. iv. 77, t. 7, fig. 1. P. alpe^tre^ iro])pe. P. 
 junipermurn, var. strictum^ Wallm,, and var. alpestre, Bruch & 
 
 Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 424; Sulliv. Mosses of U. States, 42. 
 Hab. Mountains, on dry rocks; White Mountains, etc. 
 
'!(! 
 
 'ii 
 
 ill 
 
 III 
 
 ir 
 
 ■ i 
 
 
 i: 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 266 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 \Polytrichuin. 
 
 0. P. commune, Linn. Plants very largo, loosely cesi»itose, 
 dark rod: loaves o|>oii, reciirved, very loiig-sheatliing, mem- 
 liranacoous, whitish at base ; borders narrow, sharply and 
 densely serrate to the enlarged base ; borders of the laniolhu 
 ])a))ill(>se ; porichietial leaves eroet, very long-sheathing, awned: 
 caly|)tra very hairy, descending below the capsule: capsule 
 sharply angled, long-pedicellate, light brown, horizontal when 
 dry and enii)ty; lid flattoned-convex at base, conical-apiculate, 
 with red borders. — Spec. PI. 11U9; Bryol. Eur. t. 4-25. 
 
 Var. perigoniale, Hruch & Schimp. Smaller, often bifid: 
 perichjetial leaves all meinbranacoous, long-aristate : lid pale, 
 8hort-a))iculate. — ]*. j^eriffonkile^ Michx. Fl. Bor.-Am. ii. 293. 
 
 Hau. l}og-> and woods ; plains and mountanis. June. Very variable. 
 
 TumE XV. BITXBAUMIE.E. 
 
 Small stendess jdants, with large oblique ventricose capsules, 
 sessile or with short thick pedicels, Calyptra very small, con- 
 ical, smooth. S})orangium pedicellate, small, attached by 
 filaments to the walls of the caj)sulc. Peristome double, the 
 outer rudimentary, or composed of one or more rows of more 
 or less perfect teeth, the inner membranaceous, and forming 
 a truncate cone of 16 or 32 twisted folds. Spores very small. 
 
 98. DIPHYSOIUM, Mohr. (PI. 3.) 
 Stems very short, simple, with numerous long radicles. Stem- 
 leaves lingulate, thick, composed of a double stratum of cells, 
 costate, chloroj)hyllose ; areolation very small, round-hexagonal ; 
 perichjetial leaves larger, ovate-lanceolate, thin, submembrana- 
 ceous, deeply serrate or lacerate-ciliate at the apex ; costa ex- 
 current into an awn. Flowers dioecious ; the male open, on 
 plants similar to the fertile ones, the paraphyses longer than the 
 antheridia ; the female gemmiform, with ]»araj)hyses shorter than 
 the long-styled archegonia. Vaginule formed of the thickened 
 u})j)er part of the stem, bearing the perichajthun. Caly])tra 
 acute-conical, covering the lid. Capsule ventricose, ovate- 
 conical, } ellowish green. 'Lid conical, acute. Outer peristome 
 
liuxbaumla.] 
 
 BUYACE.E. 
 
 267 
 
 formed on an annulus with sixteen notches representing teeth 
 more or k'ss distinctly. 
 
 1. D. foliosum, Mohr. Widely cespltose, dark green: 
 Ptem-leiives crenuiate on the borders by prominent cell.s, eri.s- 
 j)ate when dry : ca])sule innnersed in the colorless pericluetium ; 
 teeth of the outer peristome very short, triangular, granulose, 
 transversely articulate, often perforated in the middle, pale 
 yellow, |»uri)le at the a])ex. — Obs. IJot. lU; IJryol. Eur. t. 4'IH 
 and 42.S''- Jiiij-haumia follosa, Web. Fl. Gott. 1*J8. Wchcni 
 scssilifi, Lindb. ()fv. Vet. Akad. Forh. xxi. 570. 
 
 Uau. Clayey and shady sandy banks, along roads. 
 
 99. BUXBATTMIA, Hall. (I'l. 3.) 
 Plants very small, gregarious, growing on soil or decaying 
 wood. Lower leaves broadly ovate or ovate-lanceolate, the 
 upper ovate and linear-oblong, without costa, coarsely dentate- 
 ciliate on the borders by prominent cells; areolation loose, 
 oblong-hexagonal, not chlorojdiyllose, })ale near the l)ase, red- 
 dish or orange-colored toward the apex, irregular when young; 
 basilar cells transformed into laciniie or long brown filaments, 
 becoming roots and covering the stem and vaginule with a very 
 thick tomentum. Howers dioicious ; male plants smaller tlian 
 the fertile, with a few thin leaves not laciniate when old ; 
 antheridia solitary or in pairs, with few parai)hyses ; perigynium 
 of the fertile flowers ovate-oblong, of 9 to 1*2 leaves, becoming 
 lacerate after fecundation ; archegonia 1 to 3, with few short 
 ]>arai)hyses ; j)ericlia;tial leaves very irregular, ramose-ciliate 
 after fecundation. Vaginule thick, fleshy, formed of the peri- 
 chaetial part of the stem. Calyjttra conical, cylindrical, obtuse, 
 covering the lid only, detached before the maturity of the 
 fruit, sometimes slightly split on one side. Capside on a thick 
 red densely verrucose pedicel, oblique on a solid erect neck, 
 ovate or ovate-oblong, ventricose, flattened on one side. Lid 
 conical-cylindric, obtuse. Peristome double, the outer either 
 imperfect and adherent to the annul us, or perfect, formed of a 
 double or triple series of teeth, the inner like that of Diphi/scium, 
 
 VZ 
 
 m 
 
r 
 
 wfi 
 
 \h 
 
 i]\'A 
 
 llii 
 
 (til 
 
 268 
 
 BRYACEiE. 
 
 [liuxbaumia. 
 
 Annulus narrow or very largo, forming a solid irregularly erosc 
 dentate margin (outer j»erist(>me of authors). 
 
 1. B. aphylla, Linn. Annulus very broad, as high as the 
 middle of the inner peristome ; outer peristome eomi>osed of 
 l)ale irregular segments, slightly exeeeding the annulus; outer 
 wall of the capside detaehed helow the oritice after the fall of 
 the lid, laeiniate and revolute. — Amusn. Acad. v. 83, t. 1: 
 Uryol. Eur. t. 427 and 428"- 
 
 Hah. On the ground, especially of granite regions and mountains; 
 Wliite Mountains; Cascade Mountains, etc. (Lyull). 
 
 Series II. CLADOCAIiPI. 
 
 Flowers terminal at the apex of short lateral branches. 
 
 TiuHE XVI. FONTIXALEyE. 
 
 Aquatic mosses, with stems more or less V^ranching, bearing 
 radicles at their l)ase only. Leaves three-ranked, thin, smooth, 
 ecostate ; reticulation slightly chlorojdiyllose ; jterichajtial 
 branches short, transformed at the apex into a vaginule ; peri- 
 chajtium densely imbricate, sheathing, Calyptra conical or 
 cucullate, naked. Capsule sessile, emerse(L JV'ristome double, 
 the outer of IG long teeth, transversely articulate, latticed on 
 the inside, the inner of IG cilia united into a IG-carinate cone, 
 latticed by transverse partitions. 
 
 100. FONTINALIS, Dill. (PI. 4.) 
 
 Plants floating in water, generally long. Stem irregularly 
 
 branching or fasciculate-ramose. Leaves very concave or 
 
 acutely carinate, with a narrowly rhomboidal or vermiculnr 
 
 areolation generally enlarged at the auriculate base. Flowers 
 
 <lioDcious, small, with few antheridia, archegonia and para[>hyses. 
 
 Annulus none. 
 
 1. F. antipyretica, Linn. Leaves broadly ovate, acumi- 
 nate, entire, shar]>ly carinate-])licatc ; borders retlexed on one 
 side toward the .angular slightly auricular loosely areolate base, 
 green when young, olive-color or blackish and often split along 
 the keel when old ; areolation long hexagonal-rhomboidal ; 
 
Fontlnalia.] 
 
 BHYACE.E. 
 
 260 
 
 pcriclia'tial loaves imbricate, tlie upper enlarged, oblonjf, all 
 very obtuse at the apex, often lacerate : capsule ovate-obloni;, 
 solid, olive-j^reen, fus(•oIl^< when empty; lid conical; teeth Kmi;, 
 dark purple, twisted inward when dry ; articulations close, *JG 
 to 80 ; cone blood-red ; partitions ciliate. — Sp. 1*1. 1107 ; Hryol. 
 Eur. t. 429. Plhtrk'fttnn ((/itij>i/re(icHhf, ^luell. Syn. ii. 14^. 
 •^ Var. gigantea, Snlliv. More robust and less divided: 
 leaves larger, more closely imbricate, generally shining, palo 
 green or golden yellow, red<lish when young, gradually smaller 
 toward the end of the branches: eaj>sule smaller, less solid; 
 teeth shorter; coi.e less regularly latticed. — Icon. Muse. lOG, 
 t. G(). J'\ (/i(/ante((, Siilliv. in Sulliv. &> Les(|. Muse. Bor.-Amer. 
 Exsicc. n. 'I'Ia. F. luitotii, Snlliv. 1. c, n. •J24"=- 
 
 Had. Shallow crooks; not roiiuuon. Tlie v.ariety in rivulets of the 
 plains anil in niuuntain s( roams; very ooiinnon. 
 
 2. P. Oalifornica, Sulliv. Stems very soft and much 
 divided, all foliate : leaves open, concave, distant, broadly oval, 
 loosely areolate ; jirimordial utricles of the cells not quite dis- 
 solved: fruit unknown. — Pacif. H. Kcj). iv. 1^9. 
 
 IIah. Ilivulets in the Coast Ilanges north of tlu^ IJay of San Francisco 
 (liUjeloic). 
 
 Kesembling F. nntipyretirn, var. rjiiinntcn, but a soinowhat sipaller 
 plant, with more distant spreading shorter broader and less acuminate 
 leaves, with a loose aroolalion of shorter and wider cells, in which the 
 primordial utricle is more or less conspicuous; color reddish brown or 
 copperish. 
 
 3. P. Neo-Mexicana, Sulliv. & Lesq. T^igid, yellowish 
 or dirty green, shining when dry; stems much divided with 
 long branches, naked below : leaves open-erect, oblong-lanceo- 
 late, more or less ]>licate ; cells of the areolation narrow, thick- 
 walled, those of the subauriculate dccurrcnt base enlarged, 
 oblong, ferruginous; ujjper pericha^tial leaves ovate-oblong, 
 abruptly cuspidate, upjier areolation linear, and base of the leaves 
 marked with reddish orange lines: male |)lants more slender; 
 ]»erigonial leaves numerous : capsule ovate-oblong, smaller than 
 in F. antipyretica ; lid conical, obtuse ; teeth with 20 articu- 
 lations; cone latticed and papillate. — Muse. l>or.-Amer. Exsicc. 
 n, t'l^\ Aust. Muse. Ai)j)al. n. 2')1''; Sulliv. Icon. iMusc. Suppl. 
 7li, t. 57. F. antipuretica^ var., Sulliv. &c Lesq. Muse. Hor.- 
 Amer. Exsicc. (ed. 2), n. 834. F. Mercediana^ Lesq. J'roc. 
 Calif. Acad. i. 28. 
 
 'J8 
 
270 
 
 DKYACE.E. 
 
 [Fontinalis. 
 
 IIah. Mountain rlvuU'ts of \ew Mt^xico ( ]Vrtijht), sterile Npudinens 
 upon whk'h the species was foiuuletl; Meireil Wiver, California (Itobiudir), 
 fertile; lloeky Mountains, also fertile {K. Udll). 
 
 4. F. Dalecarlica, IJruch & Schiinp. I'hmts f.'isciculntfly 
 raino.-it', iiakod toward the; base, <lark <>r dirty j^rt't'U : k-avis 
 ilosc'ly ImUricatc, narrowly obioiitjj-lanct'olatc', actiiiiiiiatc, flossy 
 coiicave and incurvt'd on the borders; jtcricliU'tial leavts longi-r- 
 acuminatc, the inm-r surpasjanj^ the top of the lid, rocurvt'd at 
 tlio apex: teeth distantly articulate, lacunose between the 
 articulations ; cilia irreijularly latticed, mostly disjointed, yel- 
 lowish. — Bryol. Eur. t. 431. I'\ Sf/naniosit, Auct. ; Sulliv. 
 ^Fosses of U. States, r)4. 
 
 Hah. Mountain rivulets; not rare, and abundantly fruiting. 
 
 5. F. biformis, Sulliv. Plants yellowish green wlien 
 younuf, dirty <xreen when old ; stems lonj;, very ramose : leaves 
 loosely imbricate, indistinctly three-ranked, dimorj)h()us, the 
 vernal large, soft, broadly ovate-lanceolate, concave, acute or 
 blunt; the later, after the falling off of the first, much smaller 
 and narrower, convolute, rigid, covering the young branches ; 
 areolation of the vernal lejives linear in the middle, broader- 
 rhomboidal and sphagniform near the apex, tliat of the small 
 decurrent basal auricles much larger, quadrate-oblong : female 
 flowers very rare, i>laced at the base of the stems, the male 
 long-stipitate, clustered (2 to 4) : calyptra long-conical, lacerate 
 at base: capsule oblong-oval, closely folded among the periduc- 
 tial leaves, generally erose at the apex when ohl ; lid conical, 
 rostrate; teeth linear-lanceolate, 18-20-articulate ; cilia tessel- 
 late and united at the apex only, granulose and papillose like 
 the teeth. — Mosses of U. States, 54, in })art, and Icon. Muse. 
 99, t. 59, GO ; Sulliv. & Lesip Muse. Bor.-Amer. Exsicc. n. 226, 
 22G''' and 22G''- I", dtstlc/ia, var., Sulliv. Muse. Allegh. n. 191, 
 and Pilotrichum. sp/taffni/oUwn, Muell. Syn. ii. 150; a vernal 
 form. J^. disticha^ var., Sulliv. 1. c, n. 192, and Pilotrichum 
 dlstichum^ Muell. 1. c, in i)art ; the summer ft)rm. 
 
 II An. Woodlands, in rivulets; Central Ohio. 
 
 Besides other characters less striking, such as the rostrate operculum, 
 the long-stipitate male flowers, etc., tl>e prominent peculiarity of thia 
 species is tlie change wliich takes place in its foliage, tlie vernal leaves 
 being replaced in summer by otliers of a different size, form and texture. 
 
 6. F. NoV88-Angli8B, Sulliv. Somewhat like the vernal 
 forms of the last species, differing in the more rigid elastic 
 
Fontlnalia.] 
 
 BRYACEiE. 
 
 271 
 
 stoma, distantly and |>innatt'ly hranclu'd at riixht anj^lcs ; 
 branches shDrt : leaves close, firm, jx<'"t'rally hriijht j^reeii, 
 densely areolate, Jiot dimorphous: male flowers solitary, the 
 female very numerous in the axils of most of tlu' lenvi's : cap- 
 side and jieristome as in /•'. hiforniis; cilia less itapillose.^ 
 Mosses of r. States, 1(>4, and Icon. Muse. lOf), t. ((5. 
 
 IIah. New Havon, Coniiortiout (Kntnn)\ Massachusotts {Tnriraham, 
 Jaiiirn); IJhodo iHland (O/or//); Cat.skill Mountains, Now .Jersey, etc, 
 
 7. P. LeSCUrii, Sulliv. Plants jxreen, ])assin^ to <;lossy 
 jjold-color ; stems loncf, loosely foliate, ii rct^ularly hranchintr, 
 suhjiinnately ramulose toward the ajfcx: leaves oiien-erect, 
 obscurely three-ninked, lonix-lanceolate, concave, soft, clas|iin_<; 
 at hase, slii;htly serrulate at the apex; m.edial cells very narrow, 
 flexuons, linear, the apical shorter and broader, those of tlie 
 basilar anujles much larujer, oblonir, inflated : flowers numerous 
 toward the base of the plants: cai)sule short, subcylindrical, 
 thin, covered before maturity to above the oiJcrciilum by the 
 iimer oblon^-obtiise tubulose ])erichietial leaves, closely enfold- 
 ing it, becominuf shortened by erosion when old ; lid long- 
 eonical ; teeth granulose-papillose, of '20 to 25 articulations; 
 cilia trabeculate and connected at the a))ex, free and appendicu- 
 l.ite at base. — jNIossos of U. States, 54, and Icon. 3Iusc. 101, 
 t. Gl ; Sulliv. & Lescp Muse. Bor.-Amer. Exsicc. n. 'J'JH. 
 
 Var. gracilescens, Sulliv. Smaller and more slender, 
 reseml)lin<jj F'. dlsticha. — Icon. INIusc. 101. 
 
 IlAn. Falls of Little River, Lookout Mountains, Alabama (Lenqne- 
 rex(x)\ Saco River, in the White Mountains {Jdincs); ()ie<;on (Hall). 
 The variety in New Hampshire, Rhode Lsland, New Jersey, Delaware, 
 etc. 
 
 8. P. Sullivantii, Lindl). Mtich like I^^. Lcscurii, the 
 plants slender and smaller: leaves distant, narrower, dirty yel- 
 low; basilar cells very large; jtericluetial leaves shorter, not 
 undulate at the apex: ca])sides numerous, cylindrical, shorter 
 and broader; lid longer. — Ofvers. Finska Vet. Soc. xii. 77. 
 7^. Lesciirii., var. ramosioi\ Sulliv. Icon. jMusc. 101, t. 62. 
 
 Hab. Clieshire County, New Hampshire (Eaton), and Brattleborough, 
 Vermont {Frost). 
 
 9. P. flliformis, Sulliv. & Lcsq. Ms. Plants very slen- 
 der, much divided ; stems and branches filiform, flexible : leaves 
 convolute, narrow, rigid, loosely areolate ; primordial cells more 
 or less dissolved: capsules very numerous, long-cylindrical; 
 
 i 
 
triii-i 
 
 11 
 
 ft 
 
 070 
 
 BRYACEyE. 
 
 [FonthialU. 
 
 li'cth lancoolatc-siilnilatc, obscurely 20-22-.irticulato, Mrurcoly 
 jK'rt'oriiti'd on llic <liviMuriil lint', tlii' iiiniT prncri'.Iy «U'MtroyiMl 
 to Jjear tliu biiMc, apprndiculatc, closely arliciilate. — /'. dintic/iUy 
 Siilliv. iSi Lesq. Miisc. Hor.-Ainer. Kxsicc. (ed. 'J), n. liliT. Ju 
 tlititichu^ var. tent(i<n', Sulliv. Icon. Muse. lOIJ, t. G4. 
 
 II.VM. Old bayous, Wt'stern Kentucky (Lenqucreux). 
 
 A w«'ll luiirkiMl spocl*'*, g«'nt!rally confoinulcil witli F. distU'ha, but 
 I'ciKlily (listliiguisbud by its blunder dullcuti: hubit und its lung and nurruw 
 capsuh!. 
 
 10. P. disticha, ITook & Wlls. Plants more robust than 
 in the last, more divided and diffuse, or pinnately branching 
 above: leaves nioro open, broader, concave, twisted at the 
 8li<j;litiy serrulate apex; perichajtial short and lacerate: nialo 
 flowers very numerous: fruits rare : caj>side somewhat broader; 
 teeth 12-10-articulate; the cilia transversely latticed from the 
 middle upward. — Drumm. Muse. Amer. (Coll. II.), n. 151; 
 Sulliv. Muse. AUegh. n. 190, Mosses of U. States, 54, and Icon. 
 Muse. 103, t. 03. 
 
 llAU. New Orleans { Drwmnond) ', Mobile (SiilliKnnt). 
 
 11. P. hypnoides, Ilartm. Plants slender, with few- 
 branches and short spreading brnnchlets: stem-leaves distant, 
 open, nearly Hat, ovate-lanceolate, sharply long-acuminate, 
 narrowly lanceolate when young, loosely reticulate : capsule 
 very sn\nll, elliptical, thin, naked to the middle ; teeth narrow, 
 densely articulate, entire, ])urple ; cilia narrowly latticed, blood- 
 red.— Skand. Fl. ed. 4, 434; Bryol. Eur. t. 432. 
 
 IIab. Colorado. Included in R.an & Ilervey's Catalogue upon sterile 
 specimens sent to tbe authors by Branderjce. 
 
 m\ 
 
 101. DICHELYMA, IMyrin. (PI. 4.) 
 Plants with distant subdistichous branches. Leaves narrow, 
 long lanceolate-subulate, falcate or complicate, narrowly costate ; 
 arcolation rhomboidal. Flowers dioecious ; perichretium very 
 long, the outer leaves imbricate, the upi)er convolute. Calyptra 
 dimidiate, descending to below the capsule and connate at 
 base, or short and cucullate. Capsule long-pedicellate. Teeth 
 of the outer peristome long-linear, more or less densely articu- 
 lated, and splitting along the divisural line ; cilia longer than 
 the teeth, latticed above or appendiculate. 
 
Dlchelyina.] 
 
 BRYACK.«. 
 
 278 
 
 1. D. falcatum, Myrin. StciiiH variaMc in lon^^tli : I(:tv«>H 
 cloMc, thrt'i'-ijiiikcd, fuU-jilt'-st'cund, ciitiro or nt-arly so, UriLrht 
 ^rc't'ii wlifii yomi",', tlii'ii yellow isli-LjIossy, Mackisli aiitl «»|>a(|iio 
 when old; oomIu Hul»jK'rcurri'iU ; iiiiicr iiericliatial leaveH very 
 loiii^, lliotij^-Hha|)('<l, twisted aroiiiid the jtedicel : calyittra closely 
 onl'oldiiii; the pedicel under tin- capsule, split open on one side, 
 pale straw-color: capsule oval-ohlonix, exserted on a slindtT 
 pedicel; lid as lon<r us the capsule, conical-acuminate; inner 
 peristome tini'ly latticed, brii^ht red. — Svensk. Acad. Ilandl. 
 l«'{li, *J74, t. (J ; Hryol. Kur. t. 433. FontiiutUHfulaaa, Iledw. 
 Muse. Frond, iii. T)?, t. *24. 
 
 Hah. .Switl luuuntuin struains; White Muuntains, Cutskilis, Adlroii- 
 (liicks, «;tc. 
 
 '2. D. uncinatum, Mitt. Leaves three-r.mked, falcate- 
 socund, lanceolate, i^radiially narrowed to the <lenticulate apex, 
 complicate costate ; borders minutely Herrul;ite from the middle 
 tjpward ; outer perichaitial leaves convolute, ohloiiLT, obtuse, 
 the inner louijjer, more acute: capsule exserte<l, on a short ped- 
 icel, oval, subetjual ; lid as Ion i; as the capsule, subulate : inner 
 jteristome entirely lattice<l, a little longer than the outer. — 
 Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 44. 
 
 IIau. Fort Colville, Wiishinf^tou T'-rritory (Lynll). 
 
 Closely allitul to I), fnlcittit,. , from wliicli il tlilTers in tlH> more slcntlcr 
 and luor*! distinctly piiniatuly branched stems, and the more sctacfous 
 k'uves with an oxciuivnt costa, which is smooth beyond the serrulate 
 margins, and denticulate only at its apex. The pericluetial leaves are not 
 twistetl, and the inner peristome is a jHTfectly oancellate cone, exceeding 
 the outer teeth by about one-tifth of their length. — (MitU'u.) 
 
 3. D. capillaceum, Bruch & Schimp. Of the sanu> size 
 as the last; branches distichous, few, divaricate, or one-sided: 
 leaves secund, less falcate, oval-lanceolate at base, long-linear 
 above, acuminate by the e.xcurrent costa, serrate at the apex, 
 dirty green ; periclui'tium very long, ])assing above the capsule; 
 ])ericha!tial leaves liriear, thin, ecostate, pale yellow, twisted : 
 capsule emerging from the side of the perichtetium, small, thin, 
 l>ale, ovate, truncate after the falling off of the high conical 
 lid; teeth narrowly linear, densely ]>apillose ; cilia nearly as 
 large, longer than the teeth, constricted at the articulations, 
 united only near tlie a])ex by transverse divisions, j)apillose, 
 ])ale yellow. — Bryol. Eur. t. 436. l^^ontinulis capillacea, 
 Dicks. Crypt. Fasc. ii. 1. Keckera cupiUaceUy Muell. Syn. ii. 
 
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 BRYACE^. 
 
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 144. D. capillaceum^ var. subulifolium^ Bruch & Schiiup. 
 Bryol. Eur. t. 435, in part (j? 1, 2, 2a). 
 IIab. In valley rivulets, Pennsylvania and the Northwest; not rare. 
 
 4. D. pallescens, Bruch & Schimp. Resembling the last 
 
 in its long j)erichietiuin, but differing from it in its pale green 
 
 color, the shorter an<l less divided stems, the shorter wider 
 
 more complicate-carinate nearly entire and closely areolate 
 
 leaves, the costa percurrent or vanishing below the apex, and 
 
 the cilia simple, narrower, and not barred. — Bryol. Eur. under 
 
 t. 43G ; Schimp. Corol. 97. D. capillaceum^ Myrin, 1. c. t. 7 ; 
 
 Bryol. Eur. t. 435, excl. var. 
 
 Had. Rocky Mountains (Driimmond); stagnant poo]s, New England 
 {Ingraham); Pennsylvania and Nova Scotia (James). 
 
 5. D. SUbulatum, Myrin, 1. c. Tufts long, pale, loose; 
 
 stems slender, flaccid, pinnately divided into short open unequal 
 
 branches : stem-leaves open, distant, loosely imbricated, slightly 
 
 secund, lanceolate, plicate-concave, denticulate at the apex ; 
 
 costd narrow, vanishing below the apex; perichajtial leaves 
 
 imbricri;e, long-lanceolate, ecostate, very entire : calyptra short, 
 
 cucullate, covering the lid only: capsule oval, immersed; lid 
 
 convex, obliquely rosteliate ; teeth short, lanceolate, split open, 
 
 minutely punctulate, saffron color ; cilia thin, much longer than 
 
 the teeth, nodose and appendiculate below, trabeculate and 
 
 united at the apex only, smooth, reddish brown. — Bryol. Eur. 
 
 t. 434, Fontinalis subulata^ Beauv. Prodr. 68. Neckera subu- 
 
 lata^ Muell. Syn. ii. 145. 
 
 Hab. Georgia (.BeauToois)\ Louisiana (Drwnmond); Arkansas (Engel- 
 mann). 
 
 6. D. cylindricarpum, Aust. Stem-leaves lanceolate- 
 subulate, twisted, falcate, very entire or serrulate at the apex 
 only ; costa round, long-excurrent ; perichaBtial leaves somewhat 
 twisted, obtuse: capsule cylindrical, yellowish, exserted on a 
 pedicel two cm. lor.g, somewhat irregular and slightly costate 
 when dry ; lid conical, acute ; teeth long, solid, opaque, papil- 
 lose ; cilia slightly longer, cancellate their whole length, papil- 
 lose. — Coult. Bot. Gaz. ii. 111. 
 
 Hab. Oregon (Mrs. Jessie Roy). 
 
 The author compares it with 7). uncinatum, from which it is distin- 
 guished by the capsule twice as long and much Jonger pedicelled, the outer 
 peristome longer and papillose, the stem-leaves with the costa more dis- 
 tinctly excurrent into a narrowei: more acute terete point, etc. 
 
Cryphoea.] 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 275 
 
 7. D. Swartzii, Lindb. Ms. With the habit of J>. capilla- 
 ceum^ but more robust : upjier leaves of the branches hooke«l, 
 the others variously secund, all densely crowded, obscurely three- 
 ranked, glos;5y, lanceolate at base, gradually narrowed into a 
 very long flat acumen, acutely serrate at the ajicx, distantly 
 denticulate below ; costa vanishing below the j)oint : fruit 
 unknown. — Schimp. Syn. 4G1. Jlyjmum Jliiitans, \ixv. seira- 
 tum. Lindb.; Ilartm. Skand. Fl., ed. 9, 18. If. exannulatum^ 
 Guemb., vars. immersum and Cochleie.^ Austin, 1. c. 143. 
 
 llAn. Pools of stagnant water, New Jersey (Auiitin)\ California (Bo- 
 lander, Jirewcr). 
 
 The species resembles Ilypnum jiuitana, and has been considered by 
 Schiniper as probably a variety of that species. It is distinct, however, 
 in the narrow cells of the leaves, the two basilar rows much longer and 
 somewhat broader, and in the denticulation entirely surroumliiig the leaf. 
 The species is evidently dioecious. The male plants received from Cali- 
 fornia are covered with large polyphyllous flowers, with the perigonial 
 leaves broadly ovate, concave, and narrowed into a long slender fiexuous 
 nearly entire point. 
 
 Seuies III. PLEUROCARPl. 
 
 Fruit lateral by the position of the flowers of both kinds, 
 placed in the axils of leaves, either upon the primary stems or 
 upon branches. 
 
 Tribe XXIX. NECKERE^E. 
 
 Primary stems creeping, generally defoliate ; the secondary 
 erect or pendent, dichotomous or fasciculately or pinnately 
 ramulose. Leaves spreading, generally large, smooth, rarely 
 obscurely papillose, minutely areolate ; uj>]>er cells rhomboidal, 
 or short-linear in oblique rows, the lower long-linear, angular or 
 minutely quadrate. Fruit on perichietial branchlets without 
 rootlets at base. Calyptra conical or cucullate. naked or hairy. 
 Capsule generally immersed in the long imbricate perichajtium, 
 erect, symmetrical, rarely curved. Peristome simple or double, 
 very rarely none. 
 
 102. CRYPH^A, Mohr. (PI. 5.) 
 Secondary stems more or less regularly pinnate or bipinnate. 
 Leaves spreading when moist, imbricate when dry, ovate, acu- 
 
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 276 
 
 BllYACE^. 
 
 [CVi/|)Acea. 
 
 minato ; costa vanishing below the apex ; areolation minute, 
 roun<l-oval above, longer toward the base. Flowers mona'cious, 
 numerous ; perichatia on shoi't branches, often agglomerate, the 
 j>erichajtial leaves very different from those of the stem, with a 
 linear vermicular areolation, hexagonal-rectangular at base. 
 Calyptra conieal-campanulate, many times split at the base, 
 rough or pai)illose. Caj)8ule immersed, subtruncate at base, 
 ovate, thin. Peristome double; outer teeth linear-lanceol.ate, 
 articulate, minutely i)apillo8e ; segments narrow, linear or fili- 
 form, punctulate ; cilia none. Annulus large, compound. 
 
 1. C. glomerata, Bruch & Schimp. Plants small, rigid, 
 in loose tiat yellowish green tufts ; primary stems naked when 
 old, the secondary julaceous, simple or rarely branching: leaves 
 close, imbricate, ovate-elliptical, abruptly short-acuminate, con- 
 cave, refxed on the borders, densely areolate ; medial and 
 upper cells elliptical, longer toward the base, the marginal 
 smaller and subcjuadrate ; costa reaching to the middle ; lower 
 j»ericha?tial leaves minute, ovate, the upper gradually becoming 
 much larger than the inner, oblong, abruptly rounded at the 
 apex, thin, the costa excurrent into a thick point : male flowers 
 gemmiform : calyjitra 2-3-laciniate at base, split nearly to the 
 top on one si<le, scabrous at the apex : capsule oval-oblong, thin, 
 very shortly i»edicellate ; lid obliquely conical, acute ; peristome 
 whitish; segments short; annulus compound, very broad. — 
 Bryol. Eur. under Crxjijhma., 5 ; Sulliv. Mosses of U. States, 56, 
 t. 5, and Icon. Muse. 107, t. 67. C. JiUformis^ Sulliv. Muse. 
 Allegh. n. 81. Daltonia heteromalla, Hook. & Wils. in Drumra. 
 Muse. Amer. (Coll. II.), n. 99. 
 
 II AB. Trunks of trees, mostly in the Southern States; not rare. 
 
 2. 0. pendula, Lesq. & James. Plants slender, loosely 
 j>endent, dark brown, green in the upper part only ; primary 
 stems very short or scarcely seen, the secondary filiform, thicker 
 in the middle, branching at the apex only ; branchlets capilli- 
 forni, either long and forking, or short, multiple and flagellate : 
 leaves squarrose-spreading when moist, long-acuminate ; areo- 
 lation dense ; apical cells ovate, angular, the alar transversely 
 elongated, quadrangular ; costa short, vanishing below the mid- 
 dle, sometimes forking at base ; perichaetial leaves with a short 
 
 if "' ;•' 
 
Crj/phcBa.] 
 
 BRYACE^E. 
 
 277 
 
 aciimon, the solid costa vanishing? at or Ix'low the apex : oalyptra 
 eoiiical, entire: capsule and peristome as in tlie preceding 
 species ; lid conical, blunt at the apex. — Proc. Anier. Acad, 
 xiv. 138. 
 
 ILvn. On Tillandsia, Florida (J. Donnell Smith, Garber). 
 
 The dark color of the plants, the long Hexuous slender filiform stems, 
 rarely simple, generally forking above the middle or divided in tufts of 
 short capillary flabellate branches, the form and disposition of the longer 
 leaves, open or recurved at the top when dry, the areolation, the straight 
 conical operculum, and the entire calyptra hispid to below the middle, 
 are the essential characters which separate this species from the last. 
 
 3. C. nervosa, Bruch & Schimj). 1. c. Differs from C. 
 glomenita in its more slender stems, leaves less crowde<l, nar- 
 rower, lanceolate-acuminate, the costa ascending to near the 
 apex or vanishing within the acimien, the upj)er j)erich{etial 
 leaves lanceolate, and paj»illose on the back near the apex : 
 calyptra split on one side only : capsule turgid at base, shorter ; 
 annulus simj)le, shorter, nearly smooth. — SuUiv. 3Iosses of 
 U. States, 50, and Icon. Muse. 109, t. 08. Daltonia nervosa^ 
 Hook. & Wils. in Drumm. Muse. Amer. (Coll. II.), n. 100. 
 
 Had. On trees; Louisiana (I>rM»<mo«ci); Alabama (i;o?</»KS7>;t). Often 
 mixed with the preceding. 
 
 4. 0. Ravenelii, Aust. Plants short, dirty green, julaceous, 
 curved, nearly simple: leaves open when moist, round-ovate, 
 obtuse or blunt, opaque, minutely i)apillose on the back ; borders 
 slightly recurved toward the base, incurved at the aj)ex ; costa 
 ascending to above the middle, flexuous and open, unequally 
 bifid at the apex; areolation obscure, minutely granulose, 
 unifonn : fruiting branches very short ; pericha'tial leaves thin, 
 pale, abriptly short-acuminate; costa slender, vanishing far 
 below the apex : capsule oval, solid, surrounded at the orifice 
 by a broad solid red margin ; lid conical, acute ; teeth 8, red^ 
 solid, subulate-filiform from the enlarged base, nodulose-articu- 
 late, perforated along the dividing line; segments none. — 
 Coult. Bot. Gaz. ii. 89. 
 
 Hab. Rome, Georgia (Ratenel). 
 
 Resembles C. glomerata, but is readily distinguished by its obtusish 
 granulose leaves, not squarrose when moist, by its shorter less abniptly 
 pointed perichaetial leaves, not costate to the apex, by its shorter more 
 solid capsule, with a broad solid rim and witliout a persistent annuius, by 
 its red erect teeth, appressed when moist, and by the want of an inner 
 peristome. — ( Austin. ) Apparently referable to the following genus. 
 
 
 
278 
 
 BRTACE^. 
 
 [Leptodon, 
 
 <fi 
 
 103. LEPTODON, Mohr. (PI. 4.) 
 Stems short, doju'ossod, pinnately or irregularly divitled into 
 short branches. Leaves obtuse, opaque, smooth or slightly 
 |>a|tillose on the back, loosely imbricate. Flowers mona'cious. 
 V.'igiiiule distinct, covered with long hairs. Calyptra hairy. 
 CMpsule subincluded, oval-oblong, soft. Lid rostrate. Peristome 
 simple, of 10 teeth. 
 
 1. Li. trichomitrion, Mohr. Plants rigid, in broad yel- 
 lowish green tufts; ])rimary stems creeping, filiform, naked, the 
 secondary short, with numerous short branches; leaves close, 
 open-erect, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate to a blunt point, concave, 
 reflexed on the biM'ders ; cells oblong, fusiform, smaller and 
 qua<lrate along the borders near the base; perichactial leaves 
 of loose texture, the upper long, sheathing, narrowly acuminate, 
 passing above the base of the capsule : capsule cylindrical-ovate, 
 gradually narrowed to a short pedicel, thin ; teeth linear-lanceo- 
 hte, whitish, remotely articulate, sometimes perforated along 
 tie divi<ling line; inner membrane entire or more or less 
 lacerated, adhering to the inner face of the teeth. — Obs. Bot. 
 27; Sulliv. Muse. AUegh. n. 88, and Icon. Muse. 112, t. 71. 
 Pterif/ynandriim trichoinitrion, Jlodw. Sp. Muse. 82, t. 16. 
 Lasia trichomitritim^ Beauv. Prodr. 72. Forsstroemia trichO' 
 tnitria, Lindb. Ofv. Svensk. Vet. Akad. xix. 605. 
 
 Var. immersus, Sulliv. Plants smaller: leaves broader; 
 the perichactial shorter-acuminate : capsule subimmersed ; teeth 
 more densely articulate. — Icon. Muse. 112. X. immersum^ 
 Sulliv. &> Lesq. Muse. Bor.-Amer. Exsicc. n. 234 ; Sulliv. Mosses 
 of U. States, 57. 
 
 Var. irrigUUS, Renauld Ms. Leaves spreading when moist ; 
 costa simp^", ascending to above the middle : pedicel geniculate, 
 exceeding the periehaitial leaves ; vaginule with few short hairs. 
 
 Had. Trees, rarely on rocks; Northern and Middle States. The 
 varieties in the Southern States, the last on wet rocks in Florida (Fitz- 
 cjernld) 
 
 2. L. Ohioensis, Sulliv. More slender than the last; 
 secondary stems julaceous, less divided : leaves shorter, broader, 
 horizontally spreading when moistened ; areolation nearly 
 round; costa thick, vanishing above the middle: capsule and 
 operculum shorter. — Muse. AUegh. n. 89, Mosses of U. States, 
 
 ! 'f 1 
 
w 
 
 Alsia.] 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 279 
 
 57, t. 4, and Icon. Muse. 114, t. 72. Neckera Ohioensis^ Muell. 
 Syn. ii. 9)i. Forsstroemia Ohioensis^ Limlb. Ofv. Finsk. Vet. 
 Sof. xii. 75. 
 
 Hah. Central Ohio, on trees in swampy woods; not rare. 
 
 3. L. nitidus, Liiulb. Ms. Pliints yellowish jjjreen, ijlossy; 
 prim.sry stems prostrate, with mere fniijmeiits of leaves, the 
 secondary scarcely flattened, erect, or curved above, irrejiularly 
 divided into short slender densely foliate round branches: 
 leaves erect, imbricate, sli<;htly auriculate at base and decurrent, 
 broadly oblong-ovate, short-acuminate, serridate at the apex 
 only ; costa short, vanishing below the middle ; cells of the 
 areolation narrowly rhomboidal, oblong-linear, chlorophyllose; 
 those of the angles few, ({ua<lrate, inflated, small and brown; 
 I)ericha}tial leaves linguifonn, abruptly short-acuminate, ecostate, 
 very entire : capsule immersed, oval-globose, with a dark purple 
 margin, glossy, rugulose when dry ; lid large, broadly conical, 
 apiculate ; teeth of the simple peristome linear-lanceolate, acu- 
 minate, pale brown, very brittle, densely trabeculate. — Sulliv. 
 Icon. Muse. Suppl. 80, t. 60. Xeckera Macoutni, Sulliv. Canad. 
 Nat. ser. 2, ii. 79 and 397, name only. Forsstrcemia mtkluy 
 Lindb. 1. c. 73. 
 
 Had. On trees, near Belleville, Canada {Macoun). 
 
 104. ALSIA, Sulliv. 
 Habit and appearance of Leptodon : primary stems creei)ing, 
 defoliate, rooting, the secondary erect, dendroid, pinnately or 
 bipinnately divided ; branches more or less curved downward 
 or circinate when dry. Stem-leaves ovate-oblong, lanceolate, 
 with multiform paraphyllia; areolation punctiform, oval-quad- 
 rate on the basilar borders. Flowers dicccious, the male 
 numerous, on stems and branches. Calyptra cuculliform, 
 smooth. Capsule generally short-pedicellate, cylindrical or 
 oblong, erect or subcemuous, emerging from a long imbricate 
 perichoetium. Lid conical, curvirostrate. Peristome double; 
 outer teeth linear-lanceolate, long; segments linear, filiform, 
 nearly as long as the teeth, enlarged and carinate at the junction 
 with the basilar membrane, articulate and perforated, with or 
 without cilia. Genus allied to Leptodon, 
 
 I- 
 
 ^Ai 
 
 
fp 
 
 280 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Alaia. 
 
 
 mi 
 
 if iil 
 
 
 * . 
 
 I 
 
 n 
 
 1. A. Oalifornica, Sulliv. Widely cespitose, bright green ; 
 set'oiidary stums subpiunately divided : leaves loosely imbricate, 
 oblong-lanceolate, spreading and divergent, concave, reflexed 
 on the borders, flat at the apex, serrulate; costa vanishing in 
 the middle; branch-leaves smaller; cells of the upj)er and mid- 
 dle i)ortions round-rhomboidal, of the lower longer and pellucid, 
 of the alar (piadrate and obscure; upper j»ericha'tial leaves 
 sheathing, filiform-acuminate; teeth distinctly trabeculate, 
 yellowish inside, pnnctidatc-scabrous ; annulus none. — Proc. 
 Amer. Acad. iii. 185, and Muse. Wilkes Exp. 25, t. 25. Neckera 
 CaUfornica^ Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 1G2. 
 
 II AU. California, on trees (Pickering ^ Jiiyelow, Jiolander, etc.); not 
 rare. 
 
 2. A. abietina, Sulliv. Plants in wide rigid dark green 
 tufts ; secondary stems solid, elastic, simple at base, pinnately 
 or subbipinnately branching above, frondiform, circinate when 
 dry: branch-leaves five-ranked, imbricate, oi)en-erect, ovate- 
 lanceolate, obtusely acuminate, carinate-concave, f Dillose on 
 the back and serrulate above, recurved on the borders toward 
 the base; costa vanishing below the apex; ]»erich{etial leaves 
 striate at base or excentrically costate to the mid<lle : calypira 
 longer than in the last species: capsule oblong-ovate, thin, 
 costate when dry, short-pedicellate ; annulus compound, revolu- 
 ble. — Icon, Muse. 115, t. 72''- Neckera abietina, Hook. Muse. 
 Exot. t. 7 ; Schwacgr. Suppl. ii. 2. 154, t. 140. Pilotrichum 
 abietinitm, Brid. Bryol. Univ. ii. 258. Leptoclon circinatus, 
 Sulliv. Pacif. R. Rep. iv. 189, t. 1, male plant. 
 
 Hab. On trees, Northwest coast {Menzies) ; Vancouver Island (Lyall) ; 
 California {Bolander, liigelow, Watson). 
 
 3. A. longipes, Sulliv. & Lesq. Tufts soft, grayish green ; 
 secondary stems soft, pinnately and bipinnately branching 
 from near the base, subcompressed : leaves oblong-lanceolate or 
 linguiform, acute, coarsely serrate above, concave, plane on the 
 borders; costa abruptly vanishing above the middle, denticulate 
 on the back; perichajtial leaves tubulose, abruptly nanowed 
 and denticulate to a reflexed subulate apex: calyptra long, 
 cylindrical ; pedicel four times as long as the perichietium : teeth 
 long, narrowly lanceolate ; inner segments shorter, separated by 
 1 or 2 appendiculate cilia; annulus none. — Muse. Bor.-Amer. 
 Exsicc. ed. 2, n. 399; Sulliv. Icon. Muse. Suppl. 85, t. 63. 
 
 Hab. On rocks in deep cafions, California {Bolander). 
 
Neckera.] 
 
 BRYACE^E. 
 
 281 
 
 105. NEOKERA, Hcdw. (PI. 5.) 
 Plants loni;, widely ci'spitosi'. Stems radit'iilosc at base, 
 erect or ju'iulont ; hraiichcs distichous, close or distant, often 
 flagelllforin. Leaves flat, generally undulate, glossy, pellucid ; 
 nroolation minute, rhoniboidal, oblong in the ujtper j>art, 
 linear in the middle, quadrate on the borders. Capsule naked 
 or slightly hairy. Peristome double; outer teeth long, linear- 
 lanceolate and subulate, closely articulate, thin ; inner mem- 
 brane divided into filiform segments, subcarinate at base ; 
 cilia and annulus none. 
 
 * Capsule immersed. 
 
 1. N. disticha, Hedw. Syntecious: plants pale green, 
 soft ; stems creej)ing, with long decund)ent flat irregularly 
 j)innate divisions : stem-leaves loosely imbricate, auriculate and 
 unsymmetrical at base, broadly Ungulate, roun<led at the apex 
 and iilightly concave ; borders erect, entire or slightly crenulate; 
 fosta slender, often forking; cells of the areolation round, the 
 basilar narrow, linear, pale; outer pericha'tial leaves small, 
 reflexed, squarrulose, the upper sheathing, ovate, abruptly acu- 
 minate: calyptra smooth: capsule subemergent, urceolate or 
 oblong-cylindrical, ])ale brown and glossy when old ; lid conical- 
 subulate, oblique ; teeth narrowly lanceolate, subulate, rugulose, 
 pale ; segments as long, not carinate. — ^lusc. Frond, iii. 58, 
 t. 22 ; Muell. Syn. ii. 46. Pilotrichum dtstichuni^ Beauv. Prodr. 
 83. iJidtonia disticha^ Arnott, Disp. 54. 
 
 Had. On trees, Indian River, Florida (J. Donncll Smithy Austin). 
 
 2. N. undulata, Hedw. Syna?cious : secondary stems 
 slender, decumbent, mostly simple, yellowish green : leaves 
 distichous, compressed, divaricate, clasping the stem on one 
 side, oblong. Ungulate, very obtuse or truncate at the apex, not 
 concave, transversely undulate, serrulate on the liorders ; costa 
 narrow, ascending ; cells elongated at liase, oblong in the 
 middle, rounded at the apex ; outer periehajtial leaves ovate, 
 abruptly acuminate, reflexed, the upper narrowly long linear- 
 subulate, surpassing the orifice of the capsule, eeostate or nar- 
 rowly short-costate, subserrulate : calyptra small, covering the 
 lid only, generally split on one side, covered with few hairs : 
 capsule sessile, small, cylindrical-oblong; lid conical, short- 
 
 i| 
 
 
 ill 
 
F! rf 
 
 Hi- 
 
 11' 
 
 * ! 
 
 m 
 
 I 
 
 11 ■ 
 
 
 I 
 
 -'I 
 
 '™ 
 
 282 
 
 BRYACE.fJ. 
 
 [Ncckera, 
 
 bcako*! ; locth nrnl soinnonts noduloso, punctulatc, frco to tlio 
 hast'. — MiiHC. Frond, iii. 51, t. 21. J*ilotrichum UHiliihttiun^ 
 Dcauv. ; Muoll. Syn. ii. 147. 
 IlAii. On trees, Florida (1). 11. Siititfi, J. Donndl Smith, Auatin). 
 
 'i. N. Menziesii, Drumm. Dia»cious: plants lar«:;o and 
 loosely ct'siiitosc, yellowish ^reen, dark yellow when old; pri- 
 mary stems ereepin<j;, slender, nake<l ; the secondary 15 to 'JO e.m. 
 long, flat, pinnately divided ; branches open, flat, short, attenu- 
 ated, often flajj;elliform at the apex, sometimes covered with 
 long lateral filiform flajjjella): stem-leaves undulate above the 
 middle, not auriculate at base, oblong, Ungulate, obtuse at 
 the slightly a]>i(nilate aj)ex and minutely denticulate, concave, 
 revolute at base on one side; costa slentler, vanishing above the 
 middle; perichajtial leaves enlarged in the middle, tapering 
 upward into a long denticulate acumen : fertile flowers on the 
 secondary stems, pedunculate, exserted, the male very numerous 
 along the jjrimary stenis or at the base of the branches : capsule 
 immersed, oblong-oval, pale brown, red at the orifice ; lid conical, 
 short-beaked, acute and inclined ; teeth narrowly lanceolate, 
 listinctly nodose-articulate, with a pellucid border; segments 
 solid, as long as the teeth, split between the articulations ; cilia 
 none. — Muse. Amer. n. 1G2; Lesq. Proc. Calif. Acad. i. 28, de- 
 scribing flowers and fruit SuUiv. Icon. Muse. Suppl. 83, t. 62. 
 
 Hab. Rocky Mountains {Druininond), sterile; roots of trees, California 
 (Bolander), fertile; Oregon (E. Ilall)', Fort ColvlUe {Lyall); Spokan 
 Palls, etc. ( II af son). 
 
 4. N. pennata, Hedw. Monoecious : the secondary stems 
 pinnately branching or nearly simple, erect: leaves ovate or 
 oblong, lanceolate, short-acuminate, slightly unequal at base, 
 entire or slightly serrulate from the middle upward; costa 
 marked at base with a short bipartite yellowish line, transversely 
 3-5-wrinkled ; areolation linear, very small ; inner perichaetial 
 leaves half-sheathing, long-lanceolate, surpassing the capsule by 
 the acuminate a])ex, entire ; vaginule hairy : c.ilyptra small, 
 whitish, covering only the operculum, which is conical-acute 
 or short-beaked, inclined: capsule oval-oblong, dirty yellow, 
 becoming brown by age, thin-walled ; teeth linear-subulate from 
 a narrowly lanceolate base, cohering at the apex, densely articu- 
 late, irregularly divided, pale yellow ; segments rudimentary — 
 Muse. Frond, iii. 47, t. 19; Bryol. Eur. t. 440. 
 
 Hab. Trunks of trees; very common in mountainous districts. 
 
Neckera,] 
 
 BUYACE/E. 
 
 283 
 
 T). N. oligocarpa, Bmch tfe Schimji. MorurciouH : rosom- 
 Miiii^ tlio last ; Htc>ins hU'ikKt, )>iiin:iti'ly hraiicliiiiix, tl>(' l>raiiclu>s 
 attcmiatt' to tlie apex: K-avt'S cotniuTMsi'tl, tlu' aiiti'iior and po.s- 
 torior distinctly ciirvi'd oI)li(|iU'Iy outward, Iinj;ulati', abruptly 
 ncuininati', dooply undulate, si'rrato at tliu apex ; cellH nliort, 
 minute: male flowers very numerous; pericluetium with few 
 leaves, the inner narrow an<l sheathini^: oalyptra Iar<;e : eapsule 
 small, ferruixinous ; lid orange, eonical-Jicute or Hhort-l»eake(l ; 
 teeth line;ir-lanceolate, closely articuhUe ; segments ru<limentary. 
 — JJryol. Eur. t. 441. A\ jjcnnatif, var. tenera^ Muell. Syn. 
 ii. 50! 
 
 II AU. Wliitc Mountains, Erroll Dam, in Crawford Notch (James), fer- 
 tile; on troes. New Mexico (Fendler), sterile. 
 
 0. N. Douglasii, Hook. Diiecious: loosely cesj)it()se ; soc- 
 ond:iry stems 10 to lit) e.m. loni;, yi'llowisli j^reen, coini.''esse<l, 
 pinnately divided; branches loni;, simple, tlexuous, att nuate at 
 the apex : stem-leaves close, oblonu^ or Ijmceolate-acuminate, 
 sharply dentate, sj)inulosc or serrulate at the apex, denticulate 
 at base, entire in the middle ; costa obsolete or none ; jierichie- 
 tial leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, denticidate at the apex, the 
 inner sheathing: capsule half-exserted, narrowly ovate; teeth 
 yellow, densely articulate ; segments as long and similar, split 
 open between the articulations. — IJot. Misc. i. IIU, t. 85; 
 Sulliv. & Lesq. Muse. Bor.-Am. Exsiec. ed. 2, n. JJ04. 
 
 Had. Northwestern coast (Menzies, Douykia, Scolder) ; shaded rocks, 
 California iliolander). 
 
 7. N. COmplanata, Ilucben. Dioecious : soft, pale green ; 
 secondary stems slender, curving down or pendent, divided into 
 short branchlets narrowed to the aj)ex or flagellate from the 
 apex and from the sides: leaves compressed, )>lanc, smooth, 
 oblong-lingulate, abruptly apiculato, subserrulate at the apex ; 
 upper areolation rhomboidal, the basilar linear; pericluetium 
 subsessile, long-sheathing ; vaginiile hairy : calyptra naked or 
 with a few hairs: capsule oval, on a slender pedicel 3 or 4 
 times as long as the perichaetium ; lid narrowly oblique, rostrate; 
 teeth long, narrow ; segments filiform from an enlarged base, 
 half as long as the teeth. — Muse. Germ. 576 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 
 444. Ilypnum complanatum^ Linn. Spec. PI. 1123. Leskea 
 complanata^ Hedw. Spec. Muse. 231. 
 
 Had. On rocks; New Bnmswick, New England, Alleghany Moun« 
 tains in Pennsylvania, etc. 
 
284 
 
 DUYACE/E. 
 
 [Neckera, 
 
 V 
 
 ♦ ♦ Ciipsnlc exserted. 
 
 8. N. puxnila, IIcmIw. Dia'ciims: ttifts soft, «l.irk jjrpon ; 
 Hocondary HtemH piiiiiatcly raimilost'; hraticlu's Hhort or loiii^- 
 flai?('llato : loaves ovato-ohlonijf, aluMiptly aciiiniiiato or apiculatc, 
 mnliilate-8orrulato at the apex, iiiflcxcMl on oiio sido at base, 
 n'V()liito on the other; areohition minute; inner jieriohietial 
 K'aves lonty-sheathiiiix: calyptra (leweending to below the orifieo 
 of the narrowly ovate capsule: pedicel lon^t r than the jtcri- 
 chsetiuin ; operculum conical, ohlicpiely short-beaked; teeth 
 linear-lanceolate, densely articulate; seuftnents abruptly nar- 
 rowed, filiform from a broad carinate plicate base, shorter than 
 the teeth. — Muse. Frond, iii. 41), t. 120; IJryol. Eur. t. 442. 
 
 Hah. Trunks of trees. Credited to North America by Hrueh & 
 Schiinper, as collected by iJrHuinwnd. We have seen no American speci- 
 mens. 
 
 # * # Species I'noicn from sterile plants only. 
 
 9. N. (Pilotrichum?) Ploridana, Aust. Primary stem 
 creepinif, with small ovate-lanceolate acuminate ecostate flat- 
 bordered leaves ; secondary stems somewhat compressed, erect 
 or i)endent, strict or curved, simple or sparinj^ly branch incf 
 above, obtuse : leaves erect, open, imbricate, narrowly oblong- 
 lanceolate, deeply canaliculate or cymbiform, gradually acute, 
 plicate-striate above the middle, obsoletely papillose, broadly 
 revolute on the borders, entire or obsoletely serrulate, costate 
 to above the middle ; cells minute, linear, fusiform, the basilar 
 broader, qtiadrate, granulose at the angles. — Coult. Bot. Gaz. 
 iv. 152. 
 
 Hab. On trees, Caloosa. Florida (.7. Donnell Smith, Austin). 
 
 10. N. (Orthostichella) LudovicieB, Muell. Plants 
 slender, sparingly pinn.itely divided into short branches in the 
 middle, simple and turgid at the apex : stem-leaves erect, oj)en, 
 rounded at base, linear-cymbiform, long-acuminate, slightly den- 
 ticulate at the apex; alar cells minute, fawn-color; borders 
 erect; costa very thin, percurrent. — Regensb. Flora (1875), 
 Iviii. 92. 
 
 Hab. Decayed tnmks; Louisiana, near Baton Rouge {Dr. Joor, 18T4), 
 sterile. 
 
 11. N. cymbifolia, Muell., 1. c. Growth and aspect of the 
 preceding : leaves closely imbricate, spirally five-ranked, oblonf 
 lanceolate, concave-cymbiforra, gi'adually acuminate, plane at 
 
HomaUa,] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 285 
 
 the apex ; ct'lls of the upper nreolation minute, linear-obloni^ 
 or vermicular, tlioNt' of the haMal an<;ieM (|ua<lrate, opa<|ue; eoMtii 
 vaiii hihL,' ht-low the apex ; periehtelial leaves much smaller, 
 janei'olate, narrowly lonjjf-aeuminati', not costate : Howers «li(u- 
 cioUH; the female ()nly are known. — J'iiotrlr/ttitu riftnfnfoUunt^ 
 JSuIliv. MosHi'sof ir. States, Si, and Icon. Muse. 12-', t. 7(5, W. 
 
 \\\\\. Oil inu's, in a liuinniock, E. Florida ( ////i«r//, 1840); EntorprlMO, 
 FlurlUu (J, JJunntU Smith, Aimtht). 
 
 *( 
 
 106. HOMALIA, Hii<l. (PI. 5.) 
 Plants rejK'atedly distiehous, stoloniferous. Leaves imbrU 
 cate, dlver^injjj laterally, tlattened, cultriform, smooth, j^lossy, 
 inimitely areolate ; the upper rhomboidal, the h)wer ol)h)n«j;- 
 hexacfon.'il. Flowers monteeious. Calyptra eucullate, naked. 
 Cai)Mide lonij;-j»edieellate, erect or cernuoun. Operculum ol)- 
 licjuely rostrate from a liit^hly convex hase. Peristome double; 
 teeth lonuf, densely articulate, confluent at base, yellowish ; 
 basilar mend)rano broad ; sej^ments narrow, sublinear, as long 
 as the teeth, carinate and perforated along the keel ; cilia none 
 or solitary and very short. Annulus distinct. — Omalia, lirueh 
 & Schimp. 
 
 1. H. trichomanoides, Hruch & Schimp. Loosely tufted, 
 pale green ; stems slender, interruptedly foliate by the numcr' 
 ous innovations: lenves vertically flattened or curved <lown- 
 ward, oblong, cultriform, subfalcate, obtusely apiculate, minutely 
 serrulate on the borders; costa slender, vai.ishing above the 
 middle: capsule erect or slightly curve<l, j)ale brown. — I5ryol. 
 Eur. t. 446. I/t/pmtm trichomanoides^ Sehreb. Spicil. Fl. Lips. 
 'f<^. Leskca trichomanoides^ Iledw. Spec. JNIusc. 2iJL 
 
 IlAn. On rocks near Lake Superior (Drummond). 
 
 2. H. obtusata. Mitt. Differing from the last in the leaves 
 more obovate and more rounded at the apex, the costa some- 
 times imperceptible, and the cells in the apex shorter. — Journ. 
 Linn. Soe. viii. 38. Neckera obtusata, Mitten, 1. c. iii., Suppl. 
 118. 
 
 Hab. Mitten refers to this Thibetian species a few imperfect speci- 
 mens found in British Columbia by Lyall. 
 
 3. H. Jamesii, Schimp. Much like JI. trichomanoides^ 
 differing in its smaller size, the leaves longer, more solid, sub- 
 
 
 ,' \i 
 
 
 ;., lil :. 
 
 1; 
 
 !iiS' 
 
 
 M 
 
 
 m 
 
 M 
 
 lim 
 
i 
 
 V i 
 
 1 
 
 i»'-i 
 
 ;i^'!ll I 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 ? f 
 
 
 ill 
 
 
 
 
 286 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Homalia. 
 
 falcate-lingulatc and striolate lengthwise when dry, and the beak 
 of the opercuhiiP and the peristome shorter. — Syn. 473. 
 
 Hab. Catskill and Wliite Mountains, on overhanging rocks {Jamea)\ 
 Pennsyhania (Ruu). 
 
 4. H. gracilis, James. Plants suft, slender, much divided, 
 divaricate; branches gradually filiform and flagelliform, tlexuous: 
 lower leaves loosely iml>ricate, slightly oblique, open. Ungulate, 
 oblong, obtuse and obtusely apiculate, those of the upper 
 branches more distant, erect, all with double basilar costa or 
 none, and entire ; i)erigonial leaves few, ovate-acuminate, slightly 
 margined by a row of longer cells : antheridia few (2 to 4), spar- 
 ingly parai)hysate : female flowers and fruit unknown. — Kep. 
 Keg. New York Univer. (I860), xxii. 57; Sulliv. Icon. Muse. 
 Suppl. 82, t. 25. 
 
 Had. On rocks, Sand Lake, New York (V. Colvin); Adirondack 
 Mountains (C //. Peck); Catskill Mountains (James); New Jersey 
 (Auatin)f witli male plants. 
 
 107. METEORIUM, Brid. 
 
 Plants long, pendent from the branches of trees ; stems foliate 
 
 from the base, distantly pinnate ; branches filiform, attenuated. 
 
 Leaves imbricate-cordate, clasping ; cells of the areolation long, 
 
 narrow, linear, at the base oval-quadrate and inflated. Capsule 
 
 generally 8hort-i)edicelled. Peristome as in Homalia. 
 
 1. M. pendulum, Sulliv. Plants yellowish green ; branches 
 long and very slender, flexuous : leaves open-erect, those at the 
 base of the branches larger and flattened, linear-lanceolate, grad- 
 ually narrowed to a long filiform point, opaque, pa|)illose on the 
 back, serrulate on the slightly recurved margin, costate to the 
 middle ; alar cells larger, angular-ovate, the upper linear-fusiform ; 
 perichaetial leaves small, scarcely covering the hairy vaginule, 
 loosely areolate : flowers dicecious (?), the male unknown : ca- 
 lyptra long-conical : capsule small, oval, on a pedicel double its 
 length ; lid conical, obliquely short-beaked ; peristome «louble ; 
 teeth lanceolate, distantly articulate, more or less perforated and 
 split along the dividing line ; segments from a broad basilar 
 membrane, slightly shorter than the teeth, linear-lanceolate, 
 carinate ; cilia none. — Mosses of U. States, 81, and Icon. Muse. 
 117, t. 73. 
 Hab. On trees and bushes, Western Louisiana ( Teintvrier, Riddell). 
 
m 
 
 Lmicodon.] 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 28 
 
 2. M. nigrescens, Mitt. Branches creeping; branchlcts 
 long, flexuous, j)innati'ly brandling: leaves open-spreading, 
 undulate lengthwise, cordate at base, lanceolate, narrowly acu- 
 minate, oostate to above the middle ; borders tlat, more or less 
 undulate, minutely creimlate ; pericluetial leaves similar, thin- 
 ner: calyptra 8j)lit on one side, covered with a few hairs: cajv. 
 sule short-pedicellate, broadly oval, exserted above the hairs of 
 the vaginule; operculum subulate. — Journ. Linn. Soc. xii. 441. 
 JLjpmim. nigrescens^ Swartz, Prodr. 141. Xeckera tif(/resce/iSy 
 Schwaegr. Suppl. iii., t. 244. 2'rachypus^ Mitt. 1. c. viii. 45. 
 
 Hau. Florida (Garbcr, J. Donmll St:uth, Amtin, liussell); Lake 
 Huron, in fruit ( Todd); Canada West {Emery). The distribution of this 
 tropical species so far north as Canada is remarkable. 
 
 Tribe XVIII. LEUCODONTE^E. 
 
 Primary stems creeping, the secondary erect or pendent, 
 simple or branching, irregularly or subpinnately ramulose. 
 Leaves close, open or secund, ovate, obovate or oblong-lanceo- 
 late, subscarious, solid, generally plicate lengthwise, glossy ; 
 costa simple or double, rarely none; upper areolation rhom- 
 boidal or linear, the lower in rows, vermicular-linear, puncti- 
 form at the basilar angles. Flcvvers diojcious; perichajtium 
 long, sheathing. Calyptra large, dimidiate, cucullate, its base 
 sometimes confluent under the capsule. Capsule more or less 
 long-pedicellate, erect or oblique by the curve of the pedicel, 
 symmetrical. Peristome simple or double, more or less perfect. 
 
 108. LEUOODON, Schwaegr. (PI. 4.) 
 Secondary stems erect or arcuate, simple, generally stolon- 
 iferous, densely foliate. Leaves decurrent, ecostatt, sulcate 
 lengthwise ; cells of the areolation narrowly linear-vermicular, 
 the middle and basilar punctiform. Calyptra solid, cucullate, 
 often attached below the capsule by the connate base. Capsule 
 coriaceous, oval-oblong, microstome, exserted or emersed on a 
 short straight pedicel. Operculum conical or obliquely shoi*t- 
 rostrate. Peristome simple; teeth thin, distantly articulate, 
 2-3-clef t at the apex, papillose, whitish. 
 
 f 
 
 ** ; 
 
288 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Leucodoru 
 
 1. L. SCiuroides, Schwaegr. Tufts rigid, dark and olive- 
 green : leaves densely crowded, imbricate when dry, open whea 
 moistened, ovate-lanceolate, sharply acuminate, 5-plicate length- 
 wise ; perichajtial leaves pale, not plicate : calyptra yellowish 
 brown at the apex : capsule elliptical or ovate-oblong, fuscous, 
 exserted on a thick pedicel, twisted to the right when dry; 
 operculum conical, uniform in color; teeth slender, whitish, 
 distantly articulate, entire or split toward the base ; annulus 
 simple, detached by fragments. — Suppl. i. 2. 1, t. 125, figs, aj 
 and y ; Bryol. Eur. t. 468. IIyp?mm sciuroides, Linn. Spec. 
 PI. 1130. Neckera sciuroides^ Muell. Syn. ii. 107. 
 
 IIab. On trees, Owen Sound, Ontario, Canada (Mrs. Roy), 
 
 2. L. julaceus, Sulliv. Secondary stems short, numerous, 
 terete : leaves crowded, densely imbricate when dry, spreading 
 horizontally when moist, lanceolate-acuminate from an ovate- 
 elliptical base, recurved on the boniers, slightly serrulate at the 
 apex ; inner perichajtial leaves exserted, oblong, narrowed into 
 a filiform acumen reaching nearly to the base of the capsule, 
 convolute : calyptra large, plicate at base, clasping the top of 
 the pedicel: capsule oval, turgid, chestnut-color; operculum 
 conical, obliquely short-rostrate ; teeth of the peristome broad, 
 linear, whitish, punctulate, bifid at the apex ; inner membrane 
 very thin, narrow ; annulus none. — Muse. Allogh. n. 87, and 
 Icon. Muse. 110, t. 69. Pterigynandrum jidaceum^ Hedw. 
 Muse. Frond, iv. 51, t. 20. Neckera pseudalopecura^ MuelL 
 1. c. 92. 
 
 Hab. On trees, Northeastern slope of America; very common. 
 
 3. L. brachypus, Brid. Differs from the last in its larger 
 size, the leaves inclined to one side, plicate-striate, the perichae- 
 tial loosely appressed, the upper surpassing the more oblong 
 capsule. — Bryol. Univ. ii. 210; Sulliv. Icon. Muse. Ill, t. 70. 
 Neckera brachypus^ Muell. 1. c. 108. 
 
 Hab. Common in mountainous districts; more rarely fruiting. 
 
 109. PTERIGYNANDRUM, Hedw. 
 Stems prostrate or appressed ; branches and branchlets flagel- 
 liform; basilar stolons numerous, with small leaves. Leaves 
 densely crowded, spreading or subsecund, subscarious, papillose 
 on the back, obovate or spatulate, apiculate, costate to the 
 middle; areolation dense, rhomboidal above, rectangular in 
 
Pterogonium.] 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 289 
 
 the- middle; paraphyllia small, polymorphous. Flowers dio?- 
 cious. Calyptra cueullate, larg* , covering the capsule to below 
 the middle. C.ipsuie erect, cylindrical-oblong. Operculum 
 rostrate. Peristome small ; teeth short, linear-lanceolate, 
 strongly and distantly articulate ; segments very short, imper- 
 fect ; cilia none. Annulus very narrow. 
 
 1. P. flliforme, Iledw. Plants widely cespitose, approssed, 
 bright or yellowish green ; branches and branchlets prostrate all 
 in one direction, filiform and flagolliform : leaves concave, 
 apj)ressed and imbricate when dry, narrowly reflexed on the 
 borders, serrate at the apex ; costa simple, ascending to the 
 middle, or shorter and bipartite ; cells of the basilar angles few, 
 not chl()ro[>hyllose ; perichaetial leaves pale, thin, the inner 
 oblong, short-acuminate, minutely serrate at the apex, costato 
 at base. — Muse. Frond, iv. 18, t. 7 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 466 ; SuUiv. 
 Mosses of U. States, 105. Neckera jiliformis^ Muell. Syn. 
 ii. 89. 
 
 Var. cristatum. Leaves cristate-serrate at the apex ; costa 
 stronger, ascending higher. — Leptohymeniuni cristatum^ 
 Hampe, Linna3a, xxx. 459. 
 
 Var. minus. Leaves obscurely papillose, scarcely dentate 
 at the apex ; costa short, basilar, scarcely distinct ; segments as 
 long as the teeth. 
 
 Hab. Roots of trees or shade 1 rocks; Northern States and Canada; 
 var. cristatum in California ( liolander, Bauer) ; the last in the Adirondack 
 Mountains, on rocks (Leaquereux). 
 
 The description refers to the very common European form, which is, 
 however, rare in America, but is replaced by a number of varicUes not 
 distinct enough to authorize specific separation. 
 
 110. PTEROGONIUM. Swartz. (PI. 6.) 
 Primary stems very slender, with few distant pale leaves, the 
 secondary robust, in dense wide divisions ; branches and branch- 
 lets curved to one side. Leaves crowded, spreading when 
 moist, imbricate when dry, broadly ovate or obovate-acuminate, 
 serrulate, scarious, glossy ; costa flat, bipartite, vanishing below 
 the middle ; cells of nearly the whole base obliquely oval, those 
 of the middle and top linear-fusiform, all very small and 
 smooth. Flowers dioecious. Calyptra cueullate, with a few 
 
 •Ml' 
 
 u'J 
 

 i 
 
 > ■ii': 
 
 III ^ 
 
 r; 
 
 ' i' 
 
 ft I 'i ■ 
 
 290 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Pterorjonlum. 
 
 hairs. Capsule regular or slightly curved. Peristome double ; 
 teeth long, densely articulate ; segments scarcely half as long. 
 
 1. P. gracile, Swartz. Tufts loose, yellowish green; sec- 
 ondary sterns simple at base : capsule cylindrieal-oblong, chest- 
 nut-color, with a narrow orifice; peristome pale, fragile; 
 segments short, narrowly linear; annulus com[>ound. — Muse. 
 Suec. 20; IJryol. Eur. t. 407; Sulliv. & Lesq. Muse. Bor.-Amer. 
 ed. 2, n. 349. Ilypnum gracile^ Linn. Mant. ii. 310. IHerigy- 
 nandrum r/rncile^ lledw. Muse. Frond, iv. 10, t. 6. Neckera 
 gracilis^ Muell. Syn. ii. 97. 
 
 V.ar. duplicato-serratu]?!, Lesq. Plants more slender, 
 filiform: leaves duplicate-serrate. — Mem. Calif. Acad. i. 30. 
 Ijeptohymeninm ilnpll.cato-serratum^ Hamj)e., Linna»a, xxx. 400. 
 
 IlAB. On rocks, California (i^o^ander, Bauer, Wataon); coinmon and 
 variable. 
 
 From the numerous specimens examined it is evident tliat tlie moss de- 
 scribed by Ilanipe represents a mere variety. The California specimens, 
 though identical in their essential characters with the European form, 
 differ sometimes in the more marked denticulations of the leaves, and in 
 the annulus, which appears a little longer and is sometimes comjiosed of 
 three cells instead of two. These unimportant differences are merely cas- 
 ual, and not observable upon all the specimens. 
 
 2. P. brachypterum, Mitten. Moncecious: stems pro- 
 cumbent, irregularly pinnately divided into short branches: 
 leaves closely imbricated, broadly deltoid-ovate, narrowly acu- 
 minate, concave ; borders flat in the lower part, minutely 
 serrulate above ; costa vanishing above the middle ; cells of the 
 basal angles small, round, the others oval, longer at the apex, 
 all distinctly [)apillose ; perichaeti.al leaves erect, ovate-acuminate, 
 very entire, nerved to above the middle : capsule cylindrical- 
 oval, erect, equal ; pedicel long, thickish, yellow ; operculum 
 short-Cv/nical ; teeth short, yellow, attached under the orifice, 
 connate at base ; cilia none : male flowers gemmiform, large. — 
 Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 37. 
 
 Had. British America {Drtimmond). 
 
 The author remarks that this plant closely corresponds in structure and 
 appearance to the Abyssinian P. abbreviatum, Schimp., and is quite dis- 
 tinct from any other American moss. 
 
 111. ANTITRIOHIA, Brid. (PI. 4.) 
 Secondary stems of various lengths, sometimes very long, 
 procumbent or pendent, simple or much divided, more or less 
 
Antitrichia.] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 291 
 
 piiinately ramulosc, rarely flagelliform. Inflorcsooncc and areo- 
 lation as in the preceding genus. Calyptra sjjorter than tiie 
 capsule, smooth. Peristome double. Teeth narrowly lanceo- 
 late-subulate, thin, pale, smooth on both sides; segments a little 
 shorter, narrow, subulate, obscurely carinate, fugacious ; basilar 
 membrane none. 
 
 1. A. CUrtipendula, Brid. Leaves densely crowded, open 
 and subsecund, decurrent at base, j)licate in the lower part, 
 broadly ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, denticulate at the apex, re- 
 flexe<l on the borders ; costa flat, thin, sometimes enlarged and 
 divided at base, vanishing below the ajtex : cells of the areola- 
 tion very small, fusiform in the middle, transversely oval toward 
 the base from near the costa to the borders ; pericluetium long, 
 pclyphyllous, sheathing, the inner leaves long, abruptly nar- 
 rowed into a long acumen, ecostate : caj)sule oval, on a curved 
 or flexuous pedicel slightly longer than the pericluetium ; oper- 
 culum conic,al, short-rostrate ; annulus simple, very narrow. — 
 Muse, liecent. Supjil. iv. 130 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 40U. Ili/pfium 
 curti'pendulum, Linn. Spec. 1*1. 1128. Neckera curtipemlala^ 
 Muell. Syn. ii. 116. 
 
 Var. gigantea, Sulliv. & Lesq. Plants stronger : leaves 
 not j>licate, broadly reflexed on the borders ; cells shorter, more 
 obtuse ; costa broader, more divided : capsule ovate-cylindrical,, 
 on a thick erect pedicel. — Muse. Bor.-Am. Exsicc. (ed. 2), 
 n. 356. 
 
 Hab. Sunnnit of Black Mountains, North Carolina {Lesquereiix); 
 Lake Superior {Af/assiz)', Oregon and Vancouver Island (Ptckerhiff^ 
 Wood); the variety in the woods, in mountain districts of California 
 \,Bolander). 
 
 2. A. Galifornica, Sulliv. Differs from the last in the 
 short julaceous branches, the leaves appressed when dry, short- 
 acuminate, scarcely denticulate toward the apex, cells oval, cajv 
 sule cylindrical, twice as long, reddish, on a straight pedicel, 
 teeth longer and punctulate, cilia short, not half so long as the 
 teeth, and the spores half as large. — Lesq. Trans. Amer. Phil. 
 Soc. xiii. 11; Sulliv. & Lesq. 1. c. n. 357; Sulliv. Icon. Muse. 
 Suppl. 79, t. 59. A. CUrtipendula, Sulliv. Pacif. It. Rep. 
 iv. 189. 
 
 Hab. On trees in woods, California (Bolander, Watson)\ Spokan 
 Falls ( Wat%on), 
 
 ; it. 
 
 % 
 
if 
 
 
 : \i ■ 
 
 ]]'■'' 
 
 •I 
 
 Iff 
 
 IS ^* 
 
 ; I 
 
 I 
 
 i f^ 
 
 292 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Hooker ia. 
 
 Tribe XIX. IIOOKERIE^. 
 
 Plants small, soft, sparingly and irregi'larly branching. 
 Leaves either narrow and spreading or broader, ovate, nearly 
 round, or lingulate, flat, loosely imbricate; areolation large; 
 pericha3tium of few leaves, on a short rooting perichaatial 
 branch. Calyptra conical or niitrate, nearly entire at base or 
 ciliate, smooth or pai)illose or pilose. Capsule sub-erect or cer- 
 nuous or horizontal, on a long papillose rarely scabrous pedicel. 
 Peristome double, large, regular; teeth lanceolate, subulate, 
 densely articulate ; segments carinate. 
 
 112. HOOKERIA, Tayl. 
 Leaves ovate or lingulate, abruptly or gradually acuminate, 
 rarely round or truncate, bicostate, generally margined and ser- 
 rate, opaque. Flowers mona?ciou8. Calyptra narrowed at 
 base, scarcely reaching lower than the operculun;. Teeth of 
 the peristome linear-lanceolate, subulate, purplish ; segments 
 entire, orange-color. Annulus 8imj)le, narrow. 
 
 1. H. varians, Sulliv. Polygamous: plants densely cespi- 
 tose, yellowish ; steins and branches flattened : leaves ovate, 
 acuminate and lanceolate, soft, hyaline, with a large round or 
 oblong areolation, margined by a single row of elongated cells, 
 scarcely serrulate, bicostate to the middle : calyptra glabrous : 
 capsule oblong, horizontal ; lid conical, subulate ; peristome 
 normal. — Proc. Amer. Acad. v. 285. 
 
 Had. Enterprise, Florida (J. Donnell Smith, C. II. Fitzgerald). 
 
 2. H. cruceana, Duby. Plants very small, yellowish 
 green, irregularly divided ; branches slender, short, complanate, 
 rounded at the apex : stem-leaves loose, secund, crispate when 
 dry, erect-open when moist, broadly ovate or lingulate, often 
 reflexed at the mucronate apex, concave, papillose ; upper areo- 
 lation with serrate papillae, the upper cells irregularly globose- 
 angular, the lower larger and longer ; costa double, enlarged 
 and diverging at base, converging nearly to the apex of the 
 leaves; perichaetial leaves smaller, similar: calyptra glabrous, 
 conical, at first covering the whole capsule, later covering it to 
 the middle, fimbriate, caducous : capsule first erect, then hori- 
 
 !l U'l 
 
Pteryyophi/llum.] 
 
 BRYACEyE. 
 
 293 
 
 zontnl, brown, very small, obloiii; or ovate-cylindrical, sliort- 
 necked ; ojK'rculum half as long as thu capsule ; teeth ineurve«l, 
 broad, lamellate, cristate on the borders, dark puridi' ; Hctrnients 
 longer, narrow, plane, subhyaline. — Crypt. Exot. in (Jenev. 
 Soc. Phys. Moin. xix. 302, t. 4, f. 2 ; Mitten, Journ. Linn. Soc. 
 
 xii. 340. 
 Had. Floriilii {AuHtln, J. Donndl Smith, Fitzyerald)', sterile. 
 
 3. H. CO Sullivantii, Muell. Ms. stems short, prostrate, 
 sparingly branched : leaves ovatc-oblong, acute, hyaline, entire, 
 soft, yellowish, of the same consistence, color and size as those 
 of Pterif/op/ij/llum Incens : fruits and flowers unknown. — 11. 
 acutifoUa^ Sulliv. Mosses of U. States, GO. 
 
 Ham. Colli mountain springs; Middle Ohio and Alleghany Mountains 
 (SiilUvant)\ North Carolina (Li'sqH€reux)\ deep callous, California (Do- 
 lander); very rare and found only sterile. 
 
 The position of this species is still uncertain. 
 
 IIooKEUlA ANOMALA, Muell. ( /?/<acoy>/n7«m, Schwaegr. ; Pteryc/ophyl- 
 liim, Mitt.), a species with erect tonientose stems and sparse leaves, broadly 
 obtuse from a shortly spatulate base, oblique, unequal, coarsely and dis- 
 tantly serrate, the cells thick, laige, round-hexagonal, obtuse near the 
 border, and separated by Intercellular ducts, Is, according to Mitten (Journ. 
 Linn. Soc. xii. 397), a Fuegian species, though stated by Sch\va«>grichen, 
 probably through mistake, to have been collected originally in Northwest- 
 ern America by Menzles. 
 
 113. PTERYGOPHYLLUM, Brid. (PI. 5, as Ilookeria.) 
 Plants pale green, glossy, plano-ioliate ; brani-hes few, rooting 
 at base like the primary stems and similar to them. Leaves 
 large, densely and obliquely imbricate, smooth, chlorophyllose, 
 broadly ovate, obtuse or acuminate, ecostate, entire ; cells of 
 the areolation large, round in the upper part, hexagonal at base. 
 Flowers moncecious; perichoBtium small, on a short thick root- 
 ing perichaetial branchlet, serving as vaginule ; perichajtial 
 leaves few, lanceolate, thin. Calyptra mitrate. Peristome that 
 of Ilookeria. 
 
 1. P. lucens, Brid. Lower leaves rounded, the upper 
 larger, broadly ovate-oblong, fiat and obtuse: capsule small, 
 oval, chestnut-color, turning to black ; pedicel long, thick, red- 
 dish; lid long-beaked from a conical base; segments slightly 
 dehiscent along the keel. — Muse. Recent. Suppl. iv. 149 ; 
 
 I 
 
 'It' ' ■ 
 
 tT.;,: 
 
294 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Fabronta. 
 
 Bryol. Eur. t. 448. Jlookeria lucens, Smith, Engl. Bot. t. 1902, 
 and Trans. Linn. Soc. ix. 275. 
 II All. Ducuycd logs iii dark shaded ravines; Oregon {E. Hall). 
 
 TmuK XX. FABIIONIE^E. 
 
 Plants very small, creeping, in glossy green or small yellowish 
 tufts ; branches erect. Leaves crow<letl, 8])rea(ling, ovate- 
 lanceolate, dentate or ciliate, rarely entire, soft ; areolation 
 loose, rhomboidal, chlorophyllose ; costa short or none. Calyi>- 
 tra cucuUate, dimidiate. Capsule ovate, erect, symmetrical, dis- 
 tinctly necked, short-pedicelled. Operculum somewhat large, 
 obtuse or rostrate. Peristome simple, of 8 bigeminate or of 10 
 solid remotely articulate teeth ; absent in one species. 
 
 114. FABRONIA, Raddi. (PI. 4.) 
 Leaves very thin and delicate ; costa none or simple, obso- 
 lete. Flowers mona'cious. Capsule thin. 
 
 1. F. pusilla, Iladili. Cespitulose ; plants yellowish green : 
 leaves close and subsecund, or more distant and spreading, 
 ovate-lanceolate, prolonged into a long filiform acumen, lacin- 
 iate-dentate on the borders to below the middle, the laciniie 
 sometimes long, with a few teeth ; costa none or very short : 
 capsule subsi>herical, minute, truncate when empty ; lid large, 
 broadly convex-conical ; teeth 16, approximate in pairs, some- 
 times bifid at the apex or splitting along the dividing line, yel- 
 low. — Att. Accad. Siena, ix. 230 ; Schwaegr. Suppl. i. 2. 337, 
 t. 99 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 450. 
 
 Var. ciliata. Cilia of the leaves longer. — 1^. Schimperiana, 
 DeXot. Briol. Ital. 228 ; Lindb. Journ. Linn. Soc. xiii. 71. 
 
 Had. Baric of trees, Santa Fe, New Mexico (Fcndler); Oakland, Caii- 
 fornia {Bolander). 
 
 2. F. gymnostoma, Sulliv. & Lesq. Much like the pre- 
 ceding, differing in its shorter ciliate leaves, with a distinct 
 costa gr.adually diminishing to near the middle, and especially 
 in the absence of a peristome, the orifice of the capsule being 
 closed by a horizontal membrane. — Muse. Bor.-Amer. Exsicc. 
 n. 254 ; Sulliv. Icon. Muse. 136, t. 86. 
 
 Hab. Santa Fe, New Mexico {Fendler). 
 
m 
 
 Fabronia.] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 295 
 
 8. P. OCtoblephariS, Schwaoi^r. More robust, tliouj^h vory 
 small: loaves green, N|>rea<liii<^ in all tlireetions or 'J-ranked, 
 coarsely dentate on the borders, eostate to below the middle : 
 capsule oval, with a more distinct neck and a lon<;er pedicel ; 
 jK'ristome of 8 geminate dark brown teeth, recurved when dry, 
 bifid only when ol<l. — Suppl. i. '2, 338, t. l)i), figs. «, b ; IJryol. 
 Eur. t. 451. 
 
 lUn. Athens, Illinois {E. Hall). 
 
 4. F. Wrightii, Sulliv. Plants very small, delicate, loosely 
 cespitose, bright green ; stems fragile, stoloniferous : leaves 
 open, long-lanceolate, gi ..dually subulate-acuminate, concave, 
 costato to the middle ; borders serrate or subciliate-dentate ; 
 cells narrow, fusiform, the basilar and alar (piiidrate ; inner 
 perichiutial leaves oblong, short-acuminate, ecostate : capsule 
 j^yriform, including its neck; teeth 10, approximate in pairs, 
 long-deltoid, orange-colored ; operculum conical, blunt at the 
 apex. — Mosses of U. States, 01, and Icon. Muse. 133, t. 84; 
 Sulliv. & Lesq. I. c, n. *251. 
 
 IIah. San Marcos, Texas ( Wriyht). 
 
 Ditfers from the lust in its conical (not manilllatc) operculum, its 
 oran^^u-yellow teeth, and the less numerous quadrate basal cells. 
 
 5. P. Ravenellii, Sulliv. Very much like the last, differ- 
 ing in the nearly entire or obscurely serrate leaves, the brown 
 teeth, and the larger spores. — Mosses of U. States, 01, t. 4, 
 and Icon. Muse. 135, t. 85 ; Sulliv. & Les(p 1. c. n. 252. 1»^. 
 Caroliniana, Sulliv. & Lesq. 1. c, n. 253 ; Sulliv. Mosses of U. 
 States, 02. 
 
 Had. Decayed logs; Santee Canal, South Carolina {Uatencl). 
 
 0. P. Donnellii, Aust. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, some- 
 times submarginate, obscurely serrate; costa obsolete; meshes 
 of the areolation narrow^, the basilar larger, subquadrate, in- 
 flated : capsule oval, slightly curved ; teeth 10, large, incurved 
 and nearly horizontal when dry, erect when moistened, sub- 
 l.anceolate, the dorsal articulations very prominent. — Coult. 
 Bot. Gaz. ii. 111. 
 
 Hab. On the branches of a Live Oak, Florida {J. Donnell Smith). 
 
 Mode of growth and form of capsule much as in Ilypmim microcarpnm, 
 but smaller in all its parts, with narrower and more narrowly reticulated 
 leaves, the inflated cells at the basal angles more numerous, peristome 
 different, etc. Remarkable for the prominent articulations of the peri- 
 stomal teeth. — (Austin.) We have seen no specimens. The description 
 agrees with the characters of Hypnum microcarpnm, Muell., in the 
 
 ': r ■ 
 
 Vvi- 
 
 3:1 
 
296 
 
 BKYACEiE. 
 
 [Anacamplodon. 
 
 1'' 
 
 articulate teeth of the pcristomn, and not with Fabronla. Ah the up<>r- 
 cuhun is unl(nuwn tliu true poaitiuii uf tliu moss la uncertain. The purl- 
 stomu Is thut of Jltibrudon, 
 
 115. ANAOAMPTODON, Hri.l. (PI. 4.) 
 PlantH soft, somewhat more rt)l>ust than in Fubt'onitt^ widely 
 cespit'.ilose, dark green. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, very entire, 
 plano-coneave, ehloro|>hyllose ; oosta slender, vanishing above 
 the middle ; areolation rhomboidal-oval. Flowers nioiueeious ; 
 perieluetium of few leaves, covering the slightly hairy vaginule. 
 Calyi»tra descending to below the lid, whitish. Cai)sule oval- 
 oblong, with a thick neck, constricted under the orifice when 
 dry, solid. Operculum short-rostrate, from a convex-conical 
 base, straight or oblique. Peristome double; outer teeth 10, 
 lanceolate, close in pairs, distinctly articulate, marked by a 
 straight dividing line, pale, reflexed wlien dry ; segments 16, 
 filiform, shorter than the teeth. Annulus none. Spores small, 
 yellowish green. 
 
 1. A. splachnoides, Brid. The only known species. — 
 Muse. liecent. Suppl. iv. 136 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 45.3. Xeckera 
 splachnoides^ Schwaegr. Sui>pl. i. 2. 151, t. 82. Campi/lodon- 
 tium hypnoides^ Schwaegr. Suppl. iii., t. 211. Fabronia spktc/i- 
 noidesj JMuell. Syn. ii. 38. 
 
 IlAu. Forks and hollow knots or decaying horizontal surfaces of fallen 
 trees; rare. 
 
 116. HABRODON, Schimp. 
 Plants small ; habit and mode of growth of Fabronia. 
 Leaves squarrose when moist, loosely incumbent when dry, 
 ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, entire; pericluetial loaves 
 open-erect or spreading, the outer ovate-lanceolate, the inner 
 long-lanceolate, hyaline, erose-dentate on the borders. Flowers 
 dioecious ; vaginule smooth, on a short rooting branchlet. Cap- 
 sule oval-oblong, thin. Lid conical, obtuse. Peristome simple, 
 attached far below the orifice of the capsule; teeth linear- 
 lanceolate, spreading from the middle when moist, strongly and 
 distantly articulate. Annulus compound, narrow. 
 
Cla$mato(lon.] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 297 
 
 1. H. Notarisii, Selnm|). Tuft8 brijjfht ^recn ; stems cri'^'p- 
 inj? ; l)i':iii('lieH short, I'lTct-sprciulin^ : k-avt-s ccoHtatc ; cflls <»f 
 the areolation I'lliptical, fusit'orin in the narroucr part aii«l in 
 the middle of the leaves, qua<lrate and transversely rectanmilar 
 nloni; and toward the hosiers : capsule lij^ht hrown, minutely 
 suleate, with a small oriHee and no collum ; pedieel H to 10 
 m.m. long, twisted to the left when <lry. — Syn. ;')<>;'», and IJry*)!. 
 Eur. Suppl. J/ah'oduH^ 2, t. i. Pterotjoninm. perpunillnmy 
 DeXot. Cliistnatodon jtcrpnaiUus^ Lindb. Journ. Linn. Soc. 
 xiii. 70. 
 II Alt. Tiunks of trees, Centrul Ohio (iiuWimnt)\ sterile. 
 
 117. 3LASMATODON, Hook. & Wils. (PI. 5.) 
 Plants minute ; stems very slender, filiform, creeping, intricate 
 and irregularly branching. Leaves imbricate, erect or spread- 
 ing, concave, lanceolate-acuminate from a broadly ovate base ; 
 borders entire or mimitely serrulate at the apex, recurved to- 
 ward the base ; costa flat, vanishing in the middle ; areolation 
 fusiform, quadrate near the borders from the middle to the 
 base ; perichretial leaves long-lanceolate, ecostatc, loosely areo- 
 latc, the inner half-sheathing. Flowers moncecious. Calyptra 
 dimidiate. Capsule very small, sljort-pedicelled, oblong-oval, 
 erect, thin, constricted under the orifice when dry. Operculum 
 conical, obliquely long-rostrate. Peristome simple, of 16 yel- 
 lov.'ish very irregular teeth, distantly and obsoirely articulate, 
 dentate or perforated at base, granulate and geniculate. Aimu- 
 lus large, compound, of 3 or 4 cells, persistent, covering the 
 basilar membrane, dark colored. 
 
 A single species is known of tliis genus. Lindberg, however, refers to 
 it both JIabrodon and Aninoilon of Scliimper. 
 
 1. O. parvulus, Sulliv. Characters of the genus, as above. 
 — Mosses of U. States, 60, and Icon. Muse. 126, t. 79 ; Sulliv. 
 & Lesq. Muse. Bor.-Amer. Exsicc. n. 246 ; Lindb. Journ. Linn. 
 Soc. xiii. 70. Leskea parvula^ Ilampe. C. pusilliis^ Hook. & 
 Wils. in Drumm. Muse. Amer. (Coll. II.), n. 80 ; Wilson, 
 Hook. Journ. Bot. (1842) iv. 421,' t. 25, A. Anisodon acuti- 
 rostnSf Schimp. in Bryol. Eur. Anisodon^ 4. 
 
 ) i 
 
 
 1W 
 
wr^ 
 
 298 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 [Thelia. 
 
 Ill 
 
 Vnr. rupestris, SuIIlv. ife L('8(|. More (icnsuly tufted, 
 stouter; hranchoM juIiucouh: leavoH Hliortcr, broader, ubtuNo : 
 oapHule hroatler; opere'iluiii shorter. — Muhc. KxMiec. n. U4t>'*' 
 
 IIaii. TniiikM ami bruncliuH of trues, eiipc'ciully alotiK rivern; the 
 varit'ty on rocks covcrod by liiunUutiuiiii, uiul on tliu iiiudUy buse of truus, 
 111 Ihu ^^olllll«.•^ll >Sttiti!H. 
 
 Thu variety appenrs to rctiuniblo cluscly, if indeed it is not identical 
 witli, AhIhuUoii aculiroHtrlH of 8clilnipcr, of wlilcli wo huvo seen no 
 authentic specimens. — (Sullicanl.) 
 
 Tkiiik XXI. LESKEK/E. 
 
 Primary 8teins creepliijr ; NteinH or primary brandies di- 
 versely braiieliin«;, ereet or decliiiiii*,^ or j)roHtrato. Leaves 
 ecpially spreadinjif or seeuiid, soft, oj»aque, costate, with para- 
 jihyllia of various forms often interposed ; cells of the areola- 
 tion densely ehlorophyllose, pa])illose, minute, hexaj^onal or 
 punctiform in the upper |)art, looser and hexagonal-rectanjjfular 
 below. Flowers upon the j)rinuiry or secondary stems; vagin- 
 ule perfect. Calyptra cucullate, naked. Capsule symmetrical, 
 erect or curved, oblique or horizontal. I*eristome double ; the 
 teeth linear-lanceolate or subulate ; inner basilar membrane 
 more or less deeply cut into IG carinate-plicate segments shorter 
 than the teeth, sometimes separated by rudimentary or long 
 perfect cilia. Spores minute. 
 
 118. THELIA, Sulliv. (PI. 6.) 
 Plants growing in compact glaucous or yellowish green mats, 
 on the base of trees, rarely on sandy ground ; stems villous with 
 p. radicular tomentum, creeping, throwing up densely crowded 
 short terete branches, with deeply concave closely imbricated 
 deltoid-ovate slenderly pointed leaves, composed of pellucid 
 elliptical and conspicuously unipapillate cells. Capsule ovate- 
 cylindrical, erect. Lid conical, obliquely rostellate. Peristome 
 double ; the outer of 16 linear-subulate white granulate dis- 
 tantly articulated teeth, the inner a carinate membrane half the 
 length of the teeth, without or with rudimentary segments. 
 Flowers dicBcious ; male plants as yet unknown. 
 
wj 
 
 T/ulla.] 
 
 nil V ACE. E. 
 
 200 
 
 1. T. hirtella, Sulliv. StemH rlosfly cri'i'piii^, Homo of 
 
 tlu'in cxtt'iKliiii; lM*yuii<l the tufts; hruiiclicH t-ivrt, tiTrtf, ohtiiHo: 
 
 IcavcH coiicavi', round-ovate, abruptly uixl narrowly acuminate, 
 
 Nliuflitly (leeurrent at haw*', very neabroUi^ on the haek with 
 
 8ini|)U' ini'urved papilht' ; honlers Npinuh>se-<lentate ahove, h>l)ate- 
 
 eiliate toward the base, all the eilia lonu;, curved up, and more 
 
 or loHN dentate; coNta Hlender, vanishin<^ in the middle; peri- 
 
 ehu'tial leaves numerous, loosely imhrieate, the inner oblon;^- 
 
 laneeolat , narrowly acuminate, tind>riate in the upper part hy 
 
 lon<r dentate cilia: calyptra dimidiate: capsule thin; pedicel 
 
 1 cm. Ionics teeth linear, distantly but (listinctl^ articulate, the 
 
 inner basilar membrane truncate, one third the leiii^th of the 
 
 teeth : spores pale yellow. — Mosses «)f Lf. States, (10, and Icon, 
 
 Muse. I'iH, t. HO; Sulliv. & Les(j. Muse. Hor.-Amer. Kxsicc. n. 
 
 247. Pterujiftuimhnm /tirteilfUH^ lledw. Spec. Muse. HI), t. 17. 
 
 J/i/jmum hirtellnm^ Muell. Syn. ii. 4t)H. 
 
 IIah. Base uf trues, N'orthoru and Mlildlc States; not rare nnd copi- 
 ously fruiting. 
 
 2. T. asprella, Sulliv. Differs from the preceding in its 
 glaueous-sjfreen color, the leaves bordered nearly all around by 
 Ioniser cilia,, thj papilhu upon the back bifurcate, not simple and 
 curved, and the teeth lonj^er, with nodose articulations. — 
 Mosses of the U. States, GO, and Icon. Muse. 120, *. 81. Leakea 
 asperelkij Seliinip. in I5ryol. Eur. Leaked^ 2. 
 
 JIau. Same as the last, and sometimes found growing with it. 
 
 3. T. robusta, Duby. With mode of growth :md liabit of 
 T. hirtelhi^ differing in the unilateral very crowded branchlets, 
 the leaves strongly bicostate to above the niid<1Ie, ran^ly simply 
 costate, the cells of the areolation elliptical in the mid<lle of the 
 leaves, ([uadrate on the borders, the lower longer, and all with 
 globose papilhe, and in the segments of the inner peristome 
 granulate and obtuse. — Regensb. Flora, Iviii. 284 (1875). 
 
 Hah. Florida {Chapman, in Herb. Delessert). 
 
 4. T. Lescurii, Sulliv. Closely resemhling T. asprella, 
 distinguished by its glaucous-green or whitish color, the stems 
 subfascieulate .and more loosely divi<led in longer branches, the 
 leaves with a shorter acumen, not ciliate-fimbriate on the lx)rders, 
 the papillvD of the back cut star-like into three or fo"r lobes, the 
 capsule longer and narrower, on a longer pedicel, the teeth 
 shorter and with less distinctly nodose articulations, and the 
 
Cj } 
 
 !' E 
 
 H 
 
 800 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Myurella. 
 
 inner membrane longer and more or less distinctly divided into 
 short segments. — Mosses oi U. States, 60, and Icon. Muse. 130, 
 t. 8*2 ; Sulliv. & Lesij. Muse. Bor.-Amer. Exsicc. 249. 
 llAU. On dry sandy ground, rarely on trees; Southern States. 
 
 119. MYURELLA, Bruch & Schimp. (PI. 5.) 
 
 Small fine mosses, with stems irregularly divided into erect 
 julaceous branches, soft when dam]), very brittle when dry. 
 Leaves closely imbricate, ';jlaucou8-green, round-ovate, obtuse 
 or apiculate, very concave, minutely serrulate, more or less 
 distinctly paj)illate on the back; costa double, very short; 
 areolation small, rhomboidal above, quadrate or rectangular at 
 base. Flowers dia'cious ; perichaetium long, dirty brown. 
 Cal}^j)tra very small, fugacious. C'ij)sule long-pedicellate, sub- 
 erect, small, inflated at the neck, oval-oblong. Lid large, 
 conical, blunt or obscurely ajjiculate. Peristome comi)aratively 
 large, perfect ; teeth articulate, transversely striolate, yellowish ; 
 segments entire, as long as the teeth, with two intermediate 
 shorter cilia. Annulus doable. 
 
 1. M. julacea, Bruch & Schimp. In dense compact 
 
 glaucous-green tufts, pale yellow within ; stems erect, dichoto- 
 
 mous or fasciculate-branching: leaves round-ovate, obtuse, 
 
 rarely shortrapiculate, minutely serrate, nearly smooth : capsule 
 
 pale brown, with orange lid. — Bryol. Eur. t. 560. Ilt/pnum 
 
 Juiaceian, Villars, PI. Dauph. iii. 909 ; Schwaegr. Suppl. i. 2. 
 
 216, t. 89. 
 
 Hab. Fissures of rocks on high mountains; New England and New 
 York, Oregon, British America, etc. ; rare. 
 
 2. M. apiculata, Bruch & Schimp. Tufts less compact 
 and wider, soft, glaucous-green : leaves loosely imbricate or 
 spreading, smaller, abruptly narrowed into a recurved point, 
 opaque: peristome small, whitish. — Bryol. Eur. t. 560. Jeo- 
 thecium apiculatum, Hueb. Muse. Germ. 598. JIt/ptium jula- 
 ceunij var., Muell. Syn. ii. 465. 
 
 Had. British America (Drummond); Uinta Mountains (Watson). 
 
 3. M. Oareyana, Sulliv. Tufts less compact, glaucous- 
 green, dirty white oelow, intermixed with long rootlets ; stems 
 slender, ascending, stoloniferous and fasciculately branching: 
 
Leakea.] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 801 
 
 leaves loosely imbricate, open-erect, broadly ovate, narrowed to 
 a lonjif acumen, S])inulose-dentate all around, with long papilho 
 on the back ; costa very short or none ; cells of the areohition 
 somewhat large, pellucid, all rhoniboidal, elliptic, sim])ly j)aj)il- 
 lose on the outside; perichjetial leaves sheathing, lanceolate, 
 long filiform-acuTuinate, coarsely dentate : capsule subincurved, 
 oblong-obovate ; teeth pale yellow. — Mosses of U. States, Gl 
 and 81, t. 5, and Icon. Muse. 131, t. 83; Sulliv. & Lesq. Muse. 
 Bor.-Anier. Ex sice. n. 250. 
 
 IlAii. Mountains of New England {Canj, Frof<t) ; Sew York {Austin); 
 Pennsylvania (LenquereHx); crevices of wet limestone rocks, North Car- 
 olina (Gray, SulUcant). Kecently discovered also in Central Europe. 
 
 120. LESKEA, Iledw. (PI. 5.) 
 Primary stems leafy, irregularly divided ; branches erect or 
 spreading. Stem- and branch-leaves similar, ovate-lanceolate, 
 open or spreading, rarely secund, soft, costate, p.'Ji>illose on 
 both sides. Flowers moncecious and diu?cious. Capsule oblong, 
 subcylindrical, straight or subarcuate, tliin. Teeth of the peri- 
 stome narrowly lanceolate ; segments narrow, linear ; cilia none. 
 
 1. L. polycarpa, Ehrh. ]Mona»cious: tufts widely intri- 
 cate, dirty green; stems long, creej)ing, soft; branches erect, 
 varying in length : leaves open or subsecund, ovate-lanceolate, 
 concave; borders recurved below; costa vanishing below the 
 apex : capsule oblong, cylindrical, slightly arcuate, constricted 
 under the orange-colored orifice when dry ; lid narrowly conical ; 
 teeth long, linear-lanceolate, yellowish ; segments narrowly 
 linear-subulate, entire, hyaline, as long as the teeth ; annulus 
 narrow. — Crypt. Exsicc. n. 90 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 470. 
 
 Var. paludosa, Wils. More robust ; stems and branches 
 longer ; branches erect : leaves larger, spreading-open, less 
 crowded : capsule longer, cylindrical. — Z. jxdudosa, Iledw. 
 Muse. Frond, iv. 1, t. 1. 
 
 Hab. Roots and trunks of trees and bushes, in wet places and I orders 
 of rivulets; not rare. Oregon { Flail). 
 
 2. L. obscura, Hedw. Mona?cious: pl.ants small, loosely 
 and widely intricate, cespitose, dark green ; stems prostrate, 
 subpinnately divided ; branches erect and compressed : leaves 
 open-erect, loosely incumbent, ovate at base, narrowed above 
 
 !l:!>. 
 
r-' 
 
 802 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Leakea. 
 
 to a blunt apex, concave, recurved on the borders, strongly 
 costate nearly to the apex ; areolation opaqile, round : inner 
 j)erich8Btial leaves long-sheathing, loosely areolate, costate : 
 capsule erect, oblong or narrowly elliptical, slightly arched, thin, 
 reddish brown when old ; pedicel 1^ to 2 cm. long; lid conical, 
 blunt at the apex ; teeth linear-lanceolate, distantly articulate ; 
 segments shorter, linear, slender, keeled, and cleft between the 
 articulations. — Spec. Muse. 223, t. 57; Sulliv. Icon. Muse. 123, 
 t. 77. X. nervosa^ Sulliv. Muse. AUegh. n. 69. X. inicrocai'pa^ 
 Schimp. ; Sulliv. flosses of U. States, 59. 
 
 Had. On the roots and lower portions of the trunks of trees in low 
 ground, and reached by inundations; common and variable. 
 
 3. L. nervosa, Myrin. Diojcious : plants in dense dark 
 green or brownish mats; stems pinnately divided into crowded 
 ramulose branches, either short and erect or long and creeping : 
 leaves close, open when moist, imbricate when dry, often tiu'ned 
 to one side, narrowly lanceolate or acuminate from an ovate 
 base, plano-concave in the middle, reflexed on the borders ; costa 
 solid, percurrent ; cells of the areolation small, round-oval, 
 transversely quadrangular at the basilar borders ; inner peri- 
 chaetial leaves long-sheathing, long-acuminate: capsule oblong- 
 cylindrical, regular, brown ; operculum narrowly conical or 
 short-beaked; peristome short; outer teeth linear-lanceolate, 
 whitish; segments short, subulate, irregular; annulus narrow. 
 — Coroll. Fl. Ups. 52; Bryol. Eur. t. 472; Sulliv. Mosses of 
 U. States, 105. Pterogonium nervosum^ Schwaegr. Suppl. 
 i. 102, t. 28. 
 
 Had. Trunks of trees; White Mountains, generally sterile; Crawford 
 Notch, fruiting (Jamen) ; rare. 
 
 4. L. denticulata, Sulliv. Dioecious : plants in small loose 
 light green tufts ; stems short, creeping, irregularly branching, 
 radiculose : leaves close, appressed, open, erect or subsecund, 
 ovate-lanceolate, narrowly short-acuminate, minutely denticulate 
 all around, concave, ecostate, pellucid ; areolation narrowly ol> 
 long, the basilar broader and shorter : male plants unknown : 
 capsule oval-oblong, suberect, short-pedicelled ; operculum short- 
 rostrate from a broad highly convex or conical base; teeth 
 linear-lanceolate, distantly articulate ; segments nearly .as long 
 and as broad as the teeth, carinate, cleft between the articula- 
 tions; cilia none; annulus none. — Muse. Allegh. n. 62, Mosses 
 

 Leakea.] 
 
 BRYACEiC. 
 
 303 
 
 of U. States, 59, aivl Icon. Muse. 125, t. 78 ; Sulliv. & Lesq. 
 Muse. Bor.-Anier. Kxsicc. n. 245. Jli/pnum fabronicefoliutny 
 Muell. Syn. ii. 271. 
 Had. Base of trees, Middle and Southern States; rare in fruit. 
 
 5. L. tristis, Cesat. Plants widely eespitose, loosely intri- 
 cate, dirty green ; stems slender, prostrate or j)endent, branching 
 and irregularly or jjinnately raraulose; branchlets erect or 
 curved, filiform : leaves very brittle, squarrose when moistened, 
 nanowly Ungulate, obtuse or short-apiculate from a broad sub- 
 erect clas[)ing base, creuulate on the margins by large protu- 
 berant cells ; surface verruculose ; costa slender, vanishing at 
 the middle; 'v>per areolation irregularly round-hexagonal, 
 oblong-rectangular in the middle toward the base, transversely 
 hexagonal near the borders: fruit unknown. — DeXot. Syll. G7. 
 Jj.fragilia^ Hook. <fc Wils. in Drumm. Muse. Amer. (Coll. II.), 
 n. 101 ; Sulliv. Muse. AUegh. n. 71. Anomodon (?) tristis^ 
 Sulliv. Mosses of U. States, 58. 
 
 Had. Common on trees in wooded swamps and along rivulets, particu- 
 larly on Hornbeam. 
 
 6. L. Austin!, Sulliv. Monoecious : jdants of medium size, 
 intricate-cesj>itose ; stems irregularly divided into very unequal 
 branches: leaves spreading or subsquarrose when moistened, 
 ovate, long and narrowly acuminate, entire, costate to above the 
 middle, papillose on both faces; cells thick, round-quadrate near 
 the basal border, longer, rhomboidal-eHi])tical above ; pericha'- 
 tial leaves longer, lanceolate-acuminate : caj)sule erect, cylindri- 
 cal-oval, with a small orifice; teeth comparatively short, broadly 
 lanceolate, attached far below the orifice, jtapillose on both 
 faces, opaque ; inner membrane yellowish brown, scarcely passing 
 above the orifice of the capsule, undivided ; lid short-conical ; 
 annulus none. — Icon. Muse. Suppl. 81, t. 61. 
 
 Had. Stone walls, New Jersey (Austin); trunks of trees, Illinois 
 (Wo\f). 
 
 The generic position of this species is still uncertain, related as it is in 
 some characters to Leakea, in others to Habrodon. 
 
 7. L. pulvinata, Wahl. Synoecious : plants soft, cespitu- 
 lose, irregularly ramose and ramulose : leaves ovate-lanceolate, 
 slightly unequilateral, very entire, obsoletely costate, soft and 
 smooth ; areolation loose, rhomboidal-quadrate at the angles and 
 margins, chlorophyllose ; perichaetial leaves ecostate, longer, 
 half-sheathing, with a narrower areolation : calyptra whitish, 
 
 Si 
 
 1^; 
 
 
 
 ■p: 
 
 : \'- ■ 
 
 ,1 
 
 
 ,■; 
 
 u . 
 
 
 .. ..»„ -, 
 
 : .': 
 
 ' 
 
 i: \ 
 
 i 
 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 'S"^ ' 
 
 l^iil^; 
 
 
 m 
 
304 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Leakea. 
 
 dimidiate: capsule soft, oblong, regular or slightly inclined, 
 thin, on a short soft pedicel; teeth narrowly lanceolate, thin, 
 hyaline ; segments linear, carinate-plicate, orange, shorter than 
 the teeth, solid and narrow; membrane broad. — Fl. Lapp. 369; 
 Bryol. Eur. t. 471. JVeckera puloinatcty Muell. Syn. ii. 83. 
 Jff/rinia piilmnata, Schimp. Syn. 482. 
 
 II Au. Canada and British Columbia, on trees {Macotin); very rare. 
 
 Schiniper separates this species from Leskea as a new genus, JUIi/rinia, 
 on account of tlie loose and smooth areolation of the loaves. 
 
 8. L. Wollei, Aust. Plants very small, intricately cespitose, 
 irregularly or subpinnately ramose and ramulose, greenish 
 brown above, reddish below: leaves of the primary stems 
 broadly deltoid-ovate, abruptly long-acuminate, those of the 
 branches narrower and shorter acuminate, those of the branch- 
 lets somewhat rigid, ovate, acute or short-acuminate, concave, 
 imbricate, slightly rugulose when dry, all very entire ; costa 
 broad, sim[>le and longer, or unequally bifid ; cells rhomboidal ; 
 those of the basilar angles and of the borders quadrate up to the 
 apex: fruit and flowers unknown. — Bull. Torr. Club, v. 22. 
 
 Hab. Niagara Falls ( WoUe); Lake Superior {Macoun). 
 
 A very uncertain species, on which the author remarks that it is of about 
 the size and has much the general appearance of Ilypnum adnatum ; the 
 leaves much as in that species in position, shape and areolation, but 
 more concave, and the areolation shorter; the stem leaves shaped some- 
 what as in Ilyimiim hispidulum, but more concave, with a more abrupt 
 longer and more flexuous point, and with entire margins. In a small frag- 
 ment communicated by the author, the leaves are found to be nerveless 
 or the costa bifid at base, as in Uypnum adnatum. It appears to be a 
 variety of that species. 
 
 ill 
 
 121. ANOMODON, Hook. & Tayl. (PI. 5.) 
 Primary stem creeping, stoloniferous ; fertile branches erect; 
 branchlets fasciculate or irregular. Stem-leaves distant, minute, 
 hard; those of the branches more crowded, spreading or 
 secund; areolation minute, very chlorophyllose, papillose on 
 both faces (except in A. Toccocb). Flowers dicec?ous. Calyptra 
 long. Capsule erect, oblong or cylindrical, regular, chestnut- 
 colored, coriaceous. Teeth pale, linear-lanceolate ; segments 
 short, linear, more or less irregular from a narrow membrane. 
 Annulus narrow or uone. 
 
 n 
 
jjljj \ 
 
 Anomodon.] 
 
 BRTACE.E. 
 
 805 
 
 1. A. rostratus, Schimp. Densely cespitoso; tufts bright 
 green at the surfa* , ochreou8 within ; piiniary stems fascicu- 
 lately ramose, brittle, with filiform innovations : leaves densely 
 imbricate, ovate at base, narrowly lanceolate and long-apiculate, 
 with a solid eosta vanishing below the apex ; pericluetiuui long, 
 whitish, with thin ecostate leaves, the inner narrowed into a 
 filiform reflexed point as long Jis the leaves: caj)sule short-pedi- 
 cellate, -val-oblong, reddish-brown ; lid long-beaked ; segments 
 nearly as long as the teeth, carinate, dirty yellow, with cilia 
 solitary or rudimentary or none. — Syn. 488. Leskea rostrata^ 
 Iledw. Spec. Muse. 22C, t. 55 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 473 ; Sulliv. Mosses 
 of U. States, 59. 
 
 Hah. Roots of trees, in woods; not rare. 
 
 2. A. attenuatus, Hueben. Plants in loose wide tufts; 
 
 secondary stems fasciculately ramose, incurved at the apex, 
 
 mixed with flagelliform sometimes very long stolons: leaves 
 
 subsecund, narrowed and decurrent at the ovate base, lanceolate 
 
 above, blunt and apiculate at the apex, very densely ])apillose 
 
 on both faces ; perichjetial leaves lanceolate-acuminate from an 
 
 ovate base : capsule long, cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, 
 
 reddish brown, shining; pedicel hmg, twisted ; teeth narrowly 
 
 lanceolate; segments filiform, fragile and irregulrtr; annulus 
 
 narrow. — Muse. Germ. 5G2 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 475. I,eskea attenu- 
 
 ata^ Hedw. Muse. Frond, i. 33, t. 12. Iluvnmn attenuatum^ 
 
 Schreb. ; Muell. Syn. ii. 473. 
 
 Had. On rocks, roots anil trunks of trees where mud is deposited by 
 inundations; very conuuon along rivers. 
 
 3. A. Obtusifolius, Bruch & Schimp. Loosely and widely 
 cespitose, glaucous-green, dirty red when old ; primary stems 
 creeping, flagellate, the secondary straight, simple or divided at 
 base : leaves two-ranked, lingulate-obtuse from an oblong-ovate 
 base, thick, opaque, minutely round-areolate ; costa pellucid, 
 vanishing below the apex ; upj)er perichaetial leaves long- 
 sheathing, longer Ungulate at the apex : ca])sule short, ovate or 
 elliptical, on a short pedicel; teeth nodose-articulate, linear- 
 lanceolate and subulate ; segments very short from a very 
 narrow membrane, often abortive ; annulus large. — Loud. 
 Journ. Bot. ii. 668 (1843) ; Sulliv. Icon. Muse. 119, t. 74. A. 
 minory Fuern. ; Lindb. Faun. Fl. Fenn. ix. 267. 
 
 Hab. On trunks of trees, near water-courses, in the Middle States; 
 common. 
 
 1 
 
'H* 
 
 , i; 
 
 
 806 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Anomodon. 
 
 !: 
 11 
 
 4. A. apiculatus, Bmch & Sehimp. Differs from the last 
 in tlie stems more divided and less flattened, the leaves more 
 densely areolate, and covered with longer ]>a])illte, am'ieulate 
 and fiml>riate-i>apillose at base, and the borders undulate, the 
 capsule longer and without annulus. — Bryol. Eur. Anomodon^ 
 C ; SuUiv. Mosses of U. States, 58, and Icon. Muse. I'JO, t. 75. 
 Jli/pmini Jiuffelii, Muell. Syn. ii. 473, fide Lindb. 
 
 IIau. On decayed logs, in mountain diHtricts. 
 
 5. A. viticulosus, Hook. & Tayl. Plants large, in wide 
 tufts, dark green above, ochreous within ; primary stems long, 
 creeping, the secondary erect, simple, or geniculate by repeated 
 innovations : leaves secund and subfalcate, cri8|)ate when dry, 
 ovate-lanceolate, blunt at the apex ; areolation very dense and 
 minutely papillose ; jjerichajtial leaves long, linear-acuminate 
 from an ovate base; costa strong: capsule long-cylindrical, 
 straight or slightly curved ; pedicel twisted ; operculum nar- 
 rowly conical ; teeth narrowly lanceolate, sometimes irregular ; 
 segments filiform, fragile and irregular; annulus of a double 
 row of small cells. — Muse. Brit. ed. 2, 138, t. 22; Bryol. Eur. 
 t. 476. Ilypnum viticulosum, Linn. Spec. PI. 1127. 
 
 Had. Slmded rocks; Niagara Falls, sterile; Wisconsin {Lapham); 
 Owen Sound, Canada, fertile {Mrs. Hoy). 
 
 6. A. TOCCOSB, Sulliv. & Lesq. Habit, mode of growth 
 and color as in A. apiculatus : primary stems prostrate, naked 
 or beset with few small leaves find few radicles, the secondary 
 erect, simple or irregularly divided into short branches, densely 
 foliate, arched when dry: leaves open, erect, lanceolate-acute 
 from an ovate-oblong base, coarsely and unequally dentate 
 toward the apex, plicate at base and reflexed on the margins; 
 meshes of the areolation very small, not papillose, round- 
 quadrate, in oblique rows ; costa stout, terete, subpercurrent ; 
 upper perichaitial leaves lanceolate, gradually narrowed into a 
 long filiform scumen, costate: fruit unknown. — Muse. Bor.- 
 Amer. Exsicc. n. 240; Sulliv. Mosses of U. States, 58, and 
 Icon. Muse. 121, t. 76, A. 
 
 Hab. On rocks, near the base of Toccoa Falls, Northern Georgia 
 (Lesquereitx). 
 
 7. A. Californicus, lesq. Loosely cespitose, dirty yellow 
 above, brown below ; secondary stems branching by innovations, 
 or continuous and simple, slender, angular when dry by the 
 appressed imbricated four-ranked leaves: leaves open when 
 
Platygyrtum.] 
 
 BRYACE/E. 
 
 807 
 
 moist 'lied, half-clasping and deeuiTcnt at the auriciilate base, 
 broadly ovate, acute, replicate on the inarj^in to above the mid- 
 dle, reflexed to the point, carinate by the stout pale 8ub|)eirur- 
 ront costa; alar cells oblong, the upper ovate-cjuadrate, ])apiIlose 
 on both faces; auricles denticulate-spinosc : fruit unknown. — 
 Mem. Calif. Acad. i. 30. 
 
 II AU. Monte Diablo, California (liulunder). 
 
 The base of the leaves is rouiiJed into a large ciliate auricle, as in A. 
 apiculutUH, ami the margins above are also minutely dentioulate by the 
 protrusion of the papillate cells, but this is the only point of attlnity be- 
 tween the species, the leaves being broadly ovate-acute, carinate, and im- 
 bricate all around when dry. 
 
 Tribe XXII. ORTIIOTIIECIEyE. 
 
 Plants generally large, widely sjnvading and cesj^itosc, crcej>- 
 ing and raniulose; branches erect or complanate. Leaves 
 smooth, sometimes sulcate, costate or ecostate or bicostate at 
 base ; areolation narrowly rhomboidal or linear, large and quad- 
 rate at the basal angles. Caj>sule erect or subincliiied. 
 
 122. PLATYGYRIUM, Bruch & Schimp. (PI. 5.) 
 Plants intricate, cespitose, pinnately ramulose. Leaves 
 densely crowded, spreading when uioistened, imbricate when 
 dry, subscarious, glossy, ecostate; areolation narrowly rhom- 
 boidal above, sublinear in the middle, larger and (juadrate at 
 the angles. Flowers dioecious. Calyi)tra dimidiate, long, 
 twisted. Capsule oblong, cylindrical and regular. Operculum 
 long and narrowly conical, blunt at the apex, smooth. Teeth 
 of the peristome free to below the orifice of the cai)sule, nar- 
 rowly lanceolate, hyaline on the borders ; segments free to the 
 base, narrow, linear, as long as the teeth ; cilia none. Annulus 
 very large, compound, persistent. 
 
 1. P. repens, Bruch & Schimp. Tufts bright yellowish 
 green : leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate, acute, concave, 
 recurved on the borders, very entire; perichnetial leaves loosely 
 imbricate, longer : capsule dirty yellow, brown when old ; teeth 
 orange, hyaline on the borders ; segments of the same color. — 
 Bryol. Eur. t. 458. Pterigynandrum repens, Brid. Muse. Recent. 
 Suppl. i. 13L Pterogonium, Schwaegr. Suppl. i. 100, t. 27. 
 
 
 
808 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Pylalila. 
 
 ^1 
 
 £ ■ 
 
 II AB. Decayed trunks, in woods; common. 
 
 Much like l*i/lama polyantha, ditTtirin.<,' in its bright yellowish green 
 color, the luuvus hrumier and shorter, imbricate when dry, and the 
 regular capsule more solid. 
 
 123. PYLAISIA, Bruoh & Scliimp. (PI. 4.) 
 Stems crc'(.'i»ini;, pinnutely rainulosu; l)ranelilets shurt, erect. 
 Leaves close, spreiuliiiij or subsecuiul ami falcate, ecostate, con- 
 cave, entire or slightly serrulate, glossy. Flowers moiitt'clous. 
 Capsule ovate-oblong or subcyHntlrical, slightly curved when 
 tlry. Teeth of the peristome linear-lanceolate, more or less 
 densely articulate, solid, hyaline on the borders ; segments 
 attached to a short membrane, longer than the teeth, linear- 
 subulate, cleft aloi>4 the keel or bij)artite ; cilia rudimentary or 
 nt)ne. Annulus narrow. — Pylaiea^ Lindb. 
 
 1. P. polyantha, IJruch & Schimp. Leaves erect, spread- 
 ing, ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate : ca]>sule chestnut-color ; 
 cilia very short. — IJryol. ¥.\\y. t. 455. Ilypnuni polt/ant/i08y 
 Schreb. Spicil. Fl. Lijjs. 97 ; 3Iuell. Syn. ii. 337. Lesk-ea poh/- 
 antha^ Iledw. Muse. Frond, iv. 4, t. 2. Stereodon poli/anthiis^ 
 Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 40. 
 
 II AH. On trees; White Mountains (Jamen)', Santa Fe {FewUer)\ Sas- 
 katchewan and Rocky Mountains (Ilonrrjeait). Rare. 
 
 '2. P. heteromalla, Bruch & Schimp. Much like the pre- 
 ceding, differing in its pale yellowish color, the leaves broadly 
 ovate, acinninate, subscarious, erect on the borders, the cells of 
 the areolation very j)ale, narrow, subconfluent, those of the 
 basilar angles few, very small and slightly granulose, the inner 
 perichajtial leaves enlarged at base, the capsule oval and brondc", 
 and the operculum shorter. — Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. GOO (1S43). 
 Jlt/pnum polyanthnm, var. palUdifoliuni^ Muell. Syn. ii. 3 >7. 
 
 Hah. Trunks of trees and stones, in various situations; Rocky Moun- 
 tains (Driimmond, n. 222). 
 
 3. P. subdenticulata. Schimp. Plants glossy-green, 
 small, in closely entangled mats ; branchlets crowded, short and 
 slender : leaves not crowded, ovate-lanceolate, more or less long- 
 acuminate, concave, slightly serrulate at the apex; alar cells 
 numerous, subgranulose ; perichaetial leaves sheathing, loosely 
 areolate, narrowly acuminate: capsule oblong-cylindrical and 
 
Ilomalothecium.] 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 809 
 
 
 Bymractrical ; li«l rostrate from a conical l)a8c; tcctli tlistantly 
 articulate; sejrmt'uts yellow, cleft aiul liitid, attached to a broad 
 membrane; cilia none: spores bright yellow. — IJryoI. Eur. 
 Pi/laisipa^ 3 ; Sulliv. Icon. Muse. 137, t. 87. P. ilcuticnlaUt^ 
 Sulliv. Mosses of U. States, 02. 
 
 Var. obscura. Plants dirty green ; tufts strong, compact : 
 leaves closely imbricate, shorter; the pericluetial short-acumi- 
 nate, entire: lid short, whitish. — J*. Junieniiy Sulliv. & Lesq. 
 31 use. Bor.-Amer. Exsicc. ed. li, n. 3M3. 
 
 II AH. On the bark of trees, Central Ohio (Sullivnut); New Jersey 
 (Austin)] the variety on the ground and routs of trees, near Chelsea, Mas- 
 sachusetts {Janu'H). 
 
 Sullivant remarks, 1. c, that the species is very near slender forms 
 of P. j>oli/(iiiih<t, distinguished by the larger shorter-pointed leaves, the 
 cells broader and shorter, those of the angles uioro numerous, and the 
 beak of the lid longer. 
 
 4. P. intricata, Bruch & Schimp. Size and mode of 
 growth as in P. aubilenticulata ; branches short, recurved : 
 leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, slightly denticulate at the 
 apex, the upper Bccund; angular cells quadrate, numerous: 
 caf)sule oblong-ovate, turgid, narrower at the orifice ; ojierculum 
 conical, short-rostellate ; segments granulated, adhering to and 
 bordering the lower half of the teeth, split above an<l free, as in 
 species of Bartramia : spores large. — Bryol. Eur. P\jlai»(pa^ 
 3 ; Sulliv. Mosses of U. States, 02, and Icon. Muse. 139, t. 88. 
 Pterigynandmm intricatum^ Iledw. Spec. Muse. 85, t. 18. 
 
 Has. Trees and old logs; common in woods. 
 
 5. P. velutina, Bruch «fc Schimp. 1. c. Differs from the 
 last, with which it has often been confounded, in the somewhat 
 narrower leaves with few quadrate alar cells, the capsule cylin- 
 drical with a broad orifice and longer operculum, the teeth more 
 densely articulate, narrowly bordered their whole length by the 
 adhering segments, and the spores dark yellowish green, larger 
 and granulated. — Sulliv. Mosses of U. States, 03, and Icon. 
 Muse. 140, t. 89. 
 
 Hab. Bark of trees; often growing with the last. 
 
 ;: i 
 
 124. HOMALOTHEOIUM, Bruch & Schimp. (PI. 5.) 
 Plants varying in size, prostrate, closely and pinnately 
 branched. Leaves glossy, costatc, ^errulate ; areolation oblong' 
 
810 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Uomalothecium. 
 
 rhomboid.'il. Ciilyptra cuciilliform, hniry. Operculum conical, 
 HuhroHtolliitc. CapHule cylirulrical-ovato or oblonjf, regular, 
 erect, or sotnewhat arcuate. Teeth of the periMtome linear- 
 laiieeolate, closely articulate; HegmentM adhering to the teeth 
 and bordering them. 
 
 1. H. SUbcapillatum, Sulliv. Monojcious: leaves open- 
 erect, 8ul)ind»ricate, elliptical or obovate, abruptly narrowed to 
 a slender recurved acumen ; costa short, Mimple or forking, van- 
 iHliing below the mid<lle; alar cells numerous, quadrate ; inner 
 pericluetial U-aves sheathing, long-a"uminate, dentate at the 
 apex: pedict-l rough : capsule slightly incurved , teeth confluent 
 at base, dark red, with a broad pellucid central stripe marked 
 by a delicate medial line; segments lining the teeth. — Mosses 
 of U. States, 03, t. 5, and Icon. Muse. 141, t. 90. IHerigynan- 
 drum 8ubc(ipill(itumy Iledw. Spec. 3Iu8C. 83, t. 10. 
 
 IIau, Bark of trees In woods, with the last two species of Pylaiala. 
 
 2. H. pseudosericeum. Dia'cious: loosely cespitose, 
 irregularly branching, glossy ; branchlets short and short-cuspi- 
 date, slightly curved, turgid : stem-leaves loose, spreading, 
 slightly decurrent, rounded at base, gradually narrowed into a 
 long acute or cuspidate often half-twisted acumen, in-egularly 
 and indistinctly sulcate, deeply concave, revolute on the borders 
 from the base to the middle, obscurely denticulate ; costa nar- 
 row, vanishing in the point ; cells pale, inflated, narrowly 
 linear; outer perichajtial leaves small, lingulate. obtuse, the 
 inner broad and sheathing at base, gradually narrowed into a 
 long narrow denticulate point, nerveless: cipsule tuberculose 
 above, suberect or slightly inclined, abruptly arcuate, cylindri- 
 cal, constricted at the orifice ; pedicel short, reddish, often very 
 flexuous; lid conical, obliquely rostellate; teeth robust, ferru- 
 ginous ; inner membrane thin, yellow ; cilia one or two. — 
 ILjpmim pseudosericeum^ Muell. Regensb. Flora, Iviii. 89 
 (i'hTo) ; Watson, Bot. Calif, ii. 412. 
 
 Had. Oakland and Portland, Oregon (It. D. Nevius). 
 
 125. OYLINDROTHEOIUM, Bruch & Schimp. (PI. 6.) 
 Plants large, widely cespitose ; stems generally compressed, 
 subpinnately ramulose. Leaves crowded, more or less com- 
 pressed, imbricate, costate, glossy, entire, with a linear very 
 
Ci/Unilrothcclmn.] 
 
 nUVACE.K. 
 
 811 
 
 iiJirrow nrt'olation quadrate nt the hnsal nn^Ios. Calyptra 
 cueullate ami iliiniiliatc>. Capsule loim-pedicellale, erect, eylin- 
 (li'ieal. Opeivulum conieal or oblnniely Hhort-ro.strate. IVr'i- 
 Ntoino small ; teeth free to below the orifice of the capsiile, 
 linear, «listantly articulate; setjtnentH narrow, cnriiiate, attached 
 to a narrow membrane or entirely free; cilia none. Spores 
 jyfreenish brown, minute. 
 
 1. 0. cladorrhizans, Schimp. Plants in wide yellowihh 
 (jreen tufts: leaves closely imbricate, oblong-ovate, acute, very 
 slightly serrulate at the apex, concave, in<listinctly bicostate at 
 base: lid Ion*;, conical, blunt at the apex; teeth entire, dark 
 brown at base, more or less lacunose above; sei^nu'nts linear, 
 l»ale, entire ; annulus laruje, easily detached. — Syn. 514 ; Sulliv. 
 jM«>sses of V. States, 04, t. T), and Icon. Muse. 14H, t. Dl. 
 Neekerd c/adorr/iizans^ Iledw. Spec. Muse. 'J07, t. 47. C 
 ASchteic/ieri, IJruch & Schimj). Hryol. Eur. t. 4G4. 
 
 IlAn. In woods oil decayed logs, roots of trees and the ground ; very 
 common. 
 
 2. 0. seductrix, Sulliv. Very near the precodini:^, distin- 
 guished by the darker color of the stems, the smaller terete ami 
 more slender branchlets, the leaves sulcate, morv concave and 
 shorter-apiculate, the capsiiles more numerous and narrower, 
 the deeper insertion of the shorter loosely articulate teeth, and 
 the less perfect i)ersistent annulus. — Mosses of U. States, C4, 
 and Icon. Muse. 145, t. 02. Neckera sednctrLr, Ilcdw. Spec. 
 Muse. 208, t. 47. Pterigynandrwn Carolf/ihnHnn, lirid. Muse. 
 Recent. Suppl. i. 132. C. Mnhlenberffif, Bruch & Schimp. 
 Bryol. Eur. Ciflindrotlieciumy 4. 
 
 Hah. On logs in moist shaded places; fruiting more copiously than 
 the last species ; conmion. 
 
 3. 0. brevisetum, Bruch & Schimp. 1. c. Facies and mode 
 of growth of C. cladorrhizans ; branches, branchlets and leaves 
 less compressed : leaves erect, open, concave, lanceolate, gradu- 
 ally narrowly acuminate, with borders recurved in the lower 
 part; areolation looser: capsule enlarged toward the base or 
 oval-cylindrical ; operculum conical, obtuse ; pedicel short, pale 
 yellow ; teeth hyaline-margined by the adhering segments ; 
 annulus very large : spores large. — Sulliv. Mosses of U. States, 
 65, and Icon. Muse. 150, t. 96. Neckera breviaeta^ Hook. & 
 
 n 
 
812 
 
 DUYACKiE. 
 
 [Vylindrolhecium, 
 
 ill 
 
 WUh. in Di'uinin. Miihc. Aiiier. (Coll. II.), n. 05; Wilit. in 
 Ilooic. Jouni. Hot. (l«42) iv. 41}>, t. L»4, A. 
 
 Hah. Itiirk of proHtmtt' trt'on; North wofltcm fllo|>c. 
 
 Not as roiniiion hh ('. rlmlnrrhizdUH, from wlik-li it \n distinguished at 
 first siglit hy tliu sliortur yt!||o\v iMiiiccI ot llit; CHimiilo. 
 
 4. 0. Floridanum, Duby. StoniH prostrate, <lirty j^roi-n; 
 brmiclK's chmt', irregular, witli nliort i-rt'ct lnancliU'ts: loaves 
 «u)»|K>lliici(], iiiihi'icato, ocostato, narrowly lanceolate, acute or 
 acuminate, minutely Hernilate at the apex; perieluetial leaves 
 lonjr-lanceolate, very entire: petlicels cluHtere<l (8 or 4), erect, 
 strict, l>ri<;ht i)uri>le, Hlijjfhtly enlarj^eil under the capsule: ca|>- 
 Bule hrown, horixontal »»r suherect, ovate ; ojjcrculum rostrate, 
 acute from a conical hase, a little in 'urved ; peristome and 
 nreolation as in C. scduvtrix, — Itegensb. Flora, Iviii. 284 
 (1875). 
 
 II AU. Florida (Clutpman). 
 
 Tlic autlior conipiires it to C. ttprhictrlx. This may he '•Iglit for some of 
 the cliaractcrH, htit tliu horizontal ovate clustered capsules and tlie nar- 
 rowly laiiceulate-ucuminato leaves are characters not accordant with those 
 of the gonus. 
 
 5. 0. COmpressum, Ilruch & Schimp. 1. c. Plants in flat 
 intricate mats; branches and branchlets much compressed: 
 leaves shorter and broader than in C. dmlorrhizans^ more con- 
 cave an<l more obtuse at the entire apex : capsule shorter-ovate 
 or elliptical, with a narrow orifice, shorter-pedicellate ; lid 
 longer, with a slender curved beak ; teeth long, closely articu- 
 late; annulus large, easily detached. — SuUiv. Mosses of U. 
 States, G4, and Icon. Muse. 147, t. 93. Leskea compressa, 
 Iledw. Spec. jMusc. 232, t. 56. Entodon compreaaua^ Muell. ; 
 Lindb. Manip. Muse. i. 68. 
 
 Had. Roots of trees, near water courses; Pennsylvania to Missouri, 
 Ohio and Southern States; rare. 
 
 6. 0. Drummondii, Bruch & Schimp. 1. c. Size and 
 aspect of C. cfudorrhfzanSy but easily recognized by its more 
 flattened branches and branchlets, of a delicate yellow color, the 
 leaves longer, distinctly denticulate, serrulate toward the apex, 
 the areolation looser, the basilar cells oblong, nearly equal and 
 filling the whole base, the capsule shorter, inflated at the neck, 
 abruptly narrowed to a pale yellow pedicel, the teeth obliquely 
 striolatc, and the annulus wanting. — SuUiv. Mosses of U. States, 
 64, and Icon. Muse. 148, t. 94. Neckera cladorrhizansy Hook. 
 
CUinaclum, ) 
 
 HUYACE.E. 
 
 818 
 
 & WilH. in \ rumin. Muho. Amor. (Col. II.), n. 00. C Jiti«/tli- 
 anutu, Schiinp. in IJrvoI. Kiir. 1. c. 
 IIaii. StoiH'H iukI (loL'»y«>tl lo^s in woods; Soiitlicm Stiito.^. 
 
 7. 0. SulIivantii,SuHiv. I'l.nitMnxircxU'iKUT, thinner mxl 
 n.'irrr>W('r tlinn in tlic lust HpocicH; hranchcH timl bnini'lik'ts Iosh 
 coinpi'cssi'il, Ioniser, Honiotinu's round and tilit'orin at the apex : 
 U'avi'M closi', narrowly ovatt'-lanccolatc, ohtuscly acute, serrulate 
 at tlu> a)>ex : capsule Nlender, :;ul)cylindrica], (.u a reddish pe<li- 
 eel; operculum lon«^ and narn)H'ly rostrate; teeth closely artic- 
 ulate, vertically lineate; annulus lari^e. — Mosses of IF. States, 
 04, and Icon. Muse. 141), t. 95. Ncckeni Hullicantly Mufll. 
 Syn. il. or). V. (/ntcilesccnSy Schimp. 1. c. 
 
 ILvn. SImily woods, on stones nonr llio siu'face of tho proinid, or on 
 dump rocks; Wostcrn Sorth VaroWim {Gi-ai/, SulUcant); along the French 
 Broad Klvor, Toiuicssce {Lenquereiu)] rare. 
 
 8. 0. COncinnum, Schimp. In wide yellowish <;reen tuft«; 
 stems erect, rei^ularly pinnate-raniulose: leaves spreadini;, im- 
 bricate when «lry, broadly ovato or ovate-ohloni;, muticous, 
 concnve, reflexed toward the base, incurved above: calyptra 
 descendlnuj to below the base of the capsule, dimi«liate nearly 
 its wliole lenjjfth : capsule erect, short-necked, cylindrical ; lid 
 conical, obtuse ; teetli linear, perforated between the articula- 
 tions ; sej^ments cleft, pale ; annulus very narrow. — Syn. 515. 
 Jli/pnum concinnutn^ DeNot. Mant. n. 18. C Jlontaf/nei, 
 Bruch & Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 405. 
 
 Hab. Colorado. 
 
 126. OLIMAOIUM, Web. & Mohr. (PI. 5.) 
 Plants large, tree-like, arising from a subterranean r.idiculose 
 stem ; primary branches erect, simple below, fasciculately 
 branching above. Leaves of the primary branches s<iuamiform ; 
 tliose of the divisions crowded, erect-spreading, imbricate when 
 dry, decurrent, thinly costato. Flowers ditecious or abnormally 
 monoecious; perlchteti.al leaves long-sheathing. Fruit clustered. 
 Calyptra dimidiate, long, embracing the base of the pedicel. 
 Capsule long-pedicellate, erect, cylindrical-oblong. Operculum 
 rostrate. Teeth confluent above the orifice of the capsule, 
 linear-lanceolate, closely articulate ; segments arising from a 
 very narrow membrane, as long as the teeth, cleft between 
 
 II 
 
 ■.m^ 
 
ffllfF^ 
 
 314 
 
 BRYACEiE. 
 
 [CUmaclum. 
 
 Ji , 'a 
 
 ,:.!' 
 
 i'f 
 
 the articulations, bipartite when old. Annulus none. Spores 
 very small. 
 
 1. 0. dendroides, Web. & Molir. Leaves ovate-oblong, 
 lanceolate, concave, bisulcate, serrate at the apex, slightly 
 Recurrent ami hollowed at the basal angles, costate to below the 
 ai)ex, bright green and glossy ; perichwtial leaves thinner, more 
 loosely areolate, entire, the inner sheathing: capsules numerous, 
 ovate-oblong, chestnut-color; lid rostrate-acuminate, remaining 
 attached to the coliunella; teeth united into a cone when damp, 
 incurved between the segments when dry : 8j)ores olive green. — 
 iter. Suec. 96; IJryol. Eur. t. 437. Jlt/puwn dendroides^ Linn. 
 Sp. Pi. 112S. Leskea dendroides^ lledw. Spec. Muse. 228. 
 Neckera dendroides, Muell. Syn. ii. 122. 
 
 IlAn. Wet prairies, borders of ditches, etc.; very common in Europe, 
 rare In America. British America {Drnmmond); Fort Colville (Lyall); 
 White Mountains (Oufees); Canada {Macoun); Sand Lake, New York 
 (C. //. Peck). 
 
 2. 0. Americanum, Brid. Closely allied to the last: 
 leaves long-decurrent and more broadly auriculate at base, 
 coarsely serrate above, round-areolate at the broad auricles; 
 perichajtial leaves erect, longer acimiinate : caj)sule longer, 
 cylindrical, erect or slightly curved ; operculum longer and 
 abrui)tly rostrate ; teeth longer and abrui)tly long-subulate from 
 a lanceolate base, dark orange. — Muse. Recent. Suppl. ii. 45; 
 Sulliv. Mosses of U. States, 66, and Icon. Muse. 151, t. 97. 
 Nechera dendroides^ var. Americana., Muell. 1. c. 
 
 Has. Shady woods In damp places ; decayed logs, roots of trees, etc. 
 
 3. 0. Ruthenicum, Lindb. Mode of growth of Cli- 
 maciiim; branches pinnate or bipinnate; branchlets filiform, 
 slender : leaves of the primary stems squamiform, clasj)ing the 
 stem, broadly ovate, obtuse, apiculate, very entire, strongly 
 costate or ecostate ; branch-leaves lanceolate from an enlarged 
 base, serrate from below the middle ; costa thick, dark, dentate 
 at the apex; perichaitial leaves broadly ovate at base, long- 
 cuspidate, with borders undulate or erose .above : capsule cernu- 
 ous and horizontal, oblong-cylindrical, arcuate, inflated at the 
 neck ; pedicel comparatively short, reddish ; operculum broad, 
 long-conical, acute ; teeth broadly lanceolate, hyaline-margined ; 
 segments broad, as long as the teeth, cleft between the articula- 
 tions. — Act. Soc. Fenn. x. 248 ; Sulliv. Icon. Muse. Suppl. 77, 
 
Orthothecium.] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 315 
 
 t. 58. JTt/pnum Jiuthenicum, Weinm. Bull. Soc. Mosc. xvili. 
 2. 485. 
 Had. Sitka (liischoff). 
 
 127. ORTHOTHECIUM, Bmch & Sehimp. 
 Plants either small, j)rostrate and tuversely branching and 
 ramulose, or large and fastigiately ramose with few branches 
 and branchlets. Leaves 8-ranked, close, subsecund or erect- 
 sj.reading, more or less densely imbricate when dry, long- 
 hhiceolate, narrowly acuminate, very entire, ecostate; peri- 
 cha»tium loosely vaginate. Flowers di<ccious. Calyptra very 
 small, fugacious. Capsule long-j)edicellate, suberect, oval or 
 oblong, straight or slightly incurved. Operculum short-rostrate 
 from a convex base. Teeth of the peristome narrowly lanceo- 
 late, subulate, yellowish, hyaline, distantly articulate ; segments 
 linear, narrow, as long as or longer than the teeth ; intermediate 
 cilia short or none. Annulus large. 
 
 1. O. rufescens, Bruch & Sehimp. Plants tall, in soft 
 irregular reddish yellow tufts; stems with <lichotomous branches 
 and few branchlets : leaves erect-open and subsecund, lanceolate, 
 long and narrowly acuminate, sulcate : cai)sule yellowish brown ; 
 membrane and intermediate cilia short. — Bryol. Eur. t. 409. 
 Hypnmii rufescens^ Dicks. Crypt. Fasc. iii. 9, t. 8. Leskea 
 rufescens^ Schwaegr. Su])j)l. i. 2. 178, t. 80. iStercodon rufes- 
 cens^ Mitten, Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 40. 
 
 Had. Wet rocks, Davis Strait (T({ylor). 
 
 Although No. 221 of Drunimond is reported to he this species, we can- 
 not find in four sets of his collection a specimen agreeing with Schiinper's 
 description of the European form. All appear referable to O. chryseum. 
 
 2. O. rubellum. Branches erect, with fcAV branchlets: leaves 
 ovate, concave, with a flexuous apex, rcvolute on the borders, 
 very shortly bicostate; cells long, the nlar indistinct; pericha3tial 
 lenves ovate-lanceolate. — Stereodon rubellus^ Mitten, 1. c. 
 
 Hab. Davis Straits { Taylor). Also in the Rocky Mountains (Dnon- 
 mond), according to Mitten, mixed with Cntoscopium niriritiim (n. 53). 
 
 A small moss, with the habit, appearance, and color of O. intricatifm, 
 Bruch & Sehimp., but differing in its almost exactly ovate leaves, with a 
 sliort sometimes discolored apicnlus, the margins revolute, and the areo- 
 lation composed of cells which are twice as wide. — {Mitten.) 
 
816 
 
 BIIYACE^E. 
 
 [Orthotheelum. 
 
 tS. O. Chryseum, Bmch & Schimp. Tufts golden glossy 
 yellow ; stems erect, simple or 2-3-parte(l : leaves strict, Isincoo- 
 late and ovate-lanceolate, apiculate, concave, deeply plicate : 
 capsule subcernuous, ovate-oblong; lid convex, apiculate; inner 
 membrane very large, ascending to the middle of the teeth ; 
 Hcgments carinate, entire ; cilia irregular and nodose. ,-Bryol. 
 Eur. t. 401. ILjpnum chryseon^ Schwaegr. ; Mueil. Syn. ii. 
 385. //. ry/escetis, Drumni. Muse. Amer. n. 221. tStereodon 
 chri/seus, Mitten, 1. c. 39. 
 
 Had. Muist rocks among the Rocky Mountains of British America 
 (Drumriondf Bourgeau), and Arctic America. 
 
 Tribe XXIII. IIYPNE^. 
 
 Plants very variable in size, appearance, ramification, etc., 
 densely or loosely ce8i)itose. Leaves either turned in all direc- 
 tions, open or squarrose, or complanate, or secund, or fulcate- 
 secund, of multij>le fonns, round to narrowly lanceolate, costate 
 or ecostate, subscarious, generally soft and glossy; areolation 
 parenchymatous, the meshes narrowly rhomboidal, linear or 
 vermicular, quadrate and often enlarged at the basal .ingles. 
 Flowers monoecious or dioecious, very rarely bisexual. Capsule 
 solid, long-pedicellate, cernuous or horizontal, more or less 
 incurved, not pendent, and very rarely erect and regular. 
 Peristome double, perfect, the outer of 16 strong densely 
 articulate lanceolate-acuminate teeth, the inner a broad mem- 
 brane divided to the middle or about into 16 carinate yellow 
 segments, which are more distantly articulate, entire, or cleft 
 along the keel between the articulations or even their whole 
 length, and generally separated by 1 to 3 articulate or appen- 
 diculate cilia. 
 
 128. HYPNUM, Dill. 
 
 A single polymorphous genus, divided into numerous sections, 
 or subgenera, most of which have been considered by some 
 authors as genera. 
 
 m 
 
Ilypnum.] 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 817 
 
 Key to the Subgenera. 
 
 A. Plants piiraately divided. 
 
 « Leaves papillose; paraphyllia more or less numerous. 
 
 1. Pseudoleskea. Uranehes lung and slender, Irregularly plnnately 
 
 ranuiiuse. Leaves open-erect; areulatiun cunipact, punctiform. 
 Capsule subcernuous ; cilia slender or none. 
 
 2. Heterocladium. IStems divaricate and pinnately ramulose. 
 
 Leaves spreading or recurved, those of the pericluutiuni sijuar- 
 rose; cells punctulate, the medial elongated-oval. Capsule hori- 
 zontally curved. 
 
 3. Thuidium. Stem regularly pinnately ramose and ramulose. Stem- 
 
 leaves smaller; costa translucent. Capsule cernuous" operculum 
 conic-rostrate. 
 
 * • Leaves papillose; paraphyllia none. 
 
 4. Claopodium. stems in conipact tufts, irregularly pinnate-ramu- 
 
 lose. Leaves open-erect, denticulate; cells small, oval-fusiform. 
 Capsule turgid, abruptly bent down at the base of the collum. 
 
 » # * Leaves smooth ; paraphyllia present. 
 
 5. Elodium. Branches long, pinnately ramulose. Leaves striate; 
 
 areolation loose, rhomboidal, uniform. Capsule large, cernuous. 
 
 * ♦ ♦ « Leaves smooth, bicostate; paraphyllia none. 
 
 6. Tripterocladium. Stems compressed and branches attenuated, 
 
 irregularly pinnate. Leaves erect-spreading; cells elliptical, the 
 alar quadrate. Capsule cylindrical, cernuous; cilia solitary, 
 slender. 
 
 B. Plants variously divided. Leaves smooth, simply costate (or bicostate 
 
 in n. 12 and 13). 
 
 « Capsule large; lid conical, acuminate. 
 
 7. Camptothecium. Stem densely subpinnately ramulose. Leaves 
 
 plicate; areolation very narrow, linear, very small, square or 
 punctiform at the base and angles. 
 
 8. Brach3rtheciuin. Plants large, prostrate, Irregularly divided, the 
 
 branches erect. Leaves costate to the middle or above ; areolation 
 loose, elongated-rhomboidal, enlarged at the base and angles. 
 
 9. Scleropodium. Plants densely cespitose, irregularly branching. 
 
 Leaves serrulate; areolation short and narrow, vermicular, en- 
 larged and pellucid at tlie decurrent angles. 
 
 10. Isothecium. Primary branches dendroid; branchlets stolonif- 
 
 eroiis or tlagellate. Leaves smooth or slightly papillose on the 
 back; areolation very narrow, linear, punctiform at tlie angles. 
 Capsule oblong, suberect or cernuous ; cilia short. 
 
 » # Capsule horizontally inclined; lid rostrate. 
 
 11. Ejurhynohium. Plants pinnately ramulose. Leaves cordate, 
 
 decurrent, serrate; areolation rhomboidal-oval. Capsule turgid- 
 oval. 
 
 12. Baphidostegriuxn. Plants small; stems prostrate and com- 
 
 f»ressed. Leaves ecostate or shortly bicostate; areolation minute, 
 inear, flexuous, the basilar cells very few and inflated. Capsule 
 suberect or cernuous. 
 
 fi-. 
 
818 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Ilypnum, 
 
 13. Rhynchostegrium. Stems more or less compressed. Leaves 
 
 nearly entire, simply oostate, rarely shortly bicostate; areolatlon 
 rhoinbuidal, sumewhat loose, enlarged at base. 
 
 14. Thamnium. I'lants large, dendroid; stem woody. Stem-leaves 
 
 scarious; branch-leaves strongly dt^ntatc; cells minute, round- 
 oval, the basilar longer. Capsules clustered. 
 
 C. Plants variously divided. Capsules cernuous, rarely suberect; oper- 
 culum conic or rostrate. 
 
 * Leaves thin, glossy, open, erect or spreading. 
 
 15. 
 
 10 
 
 Plaffiothecium. Branches few, mostly simple, complanate. 
 Leaves sliglitly unsymmetrical at base; costa none, or double 
 and very short; areolation rhomboidal-elongated, little enlarged 
 at base. Capsule suberect; operculum conic or rostrate. 
 
 Amblystegrium. Stem creeping and widely spreading. Leaves 
 mostly entire, opaque or glossy; costa simple, rarely none; areo- 
 lation distinct, riiomboidal. Capsule cylindrical-oblong; lid 
 conical. 
 
 17. Campylinm. Stem irregularly divided with pinnate or fastigiate 
 
 branchns. I^eaves spreading, subsquarrose ; costa short or none; 
 areolation minute, tlexuous. 
 
 » * Leaves falcate-secund, of solid membranous texture. 
 
 18. Harpidium. Stems pinnately ramulose. Leaves simply costate 
 
 to the apex; areolation very narrow, linear, much inllated at the 
 concave basilar angles. 
 
 19. Cratoneurum. Stems prostrate; branches erect, rigid, villous, 
 
 pinnate. J^eaves simply and strongly costate; areolation dense, 
 linear, oblong at the enlarged base and decurrent angles. Cap- 
 sule cylindrical, cernuous. 
 
 20. Rhytidium. Stems large, prostrate, irregularly pinnate with short 
 
 subuncinate branehlets. Loaves secund and subfalcato, luulu- 
 late-rugose; areolation compact, linear. Capsule cylindrical, 
 arcuate. 
 
 21. Ctenium. Branches in compact tufts, pinnately ramulose. Leaves 
 
 hamate and circinnate-secund. Capsule cylindrical. 
 
 22. Ctenidium. Plants cespitose; branches erect, appressed, regularly 
 
 pinnately ramulose. Leaves soft, circinnate-secund. Capsule 
 short, cernuous, solid. 
 
 23. Hypnum, proper. Plants variously divided; branches more or less 
 
 densely pinnately ramulose. Leaves obscurely bicostate, mem- 
 branous, shining; areolation compact, narrowly rhomboidal. 
 distinctly quadrate at the angles. Capsule oblong, erect-cer- 
 nuous. 
 
 • • ♦ Leaves more or less closely imbricate, round or oblong, obtuse or 
 
 pointed, deeply concave. 
 
 24. Limnobium. Plants prostrate, irregularly branching. Leaves 
 
 slightly unequal at the clasping and decurrent base, simply cos- 
 tate or obscurely bicostate. Capsule short, turgid-ovate, cer- 
 nuous. 
 
 25. Calliergron. Stem erect, with few terete turgid branches. Leaves 
 
 very concave, membranous; areolation very compact, narrow, 
 enlarged-quadrate at the angles. Capsule oblong, horizontally 
 cm-ved. 
 
 II 
 
Uypnum.] 
 
 BRYACE^E. 
 
 319 
 
 • » » « Plants very large. Leaves turgid, rugulose. 
 
 20. Scorpidium. Stcjins inogularly divided. Leaves huge, lanceo- 
 liite-iiciiiiiiiiatc or broi>'"y .bloug and acute or obtuse; areolation 
 very close and narrow; basal cells numerous, <iuailrale. Capsule 
 cylindrical, arched. 
 
 D. Plants large; divisions arcuate, ascending or proliferous; paraphyllia 
 
 numerous. 
 
 27. Pleurozium. Stem arcuate, prostrate and proliferous; branches 
 
 bl-lripinnate. Leaves membranous, shining, shortly bicostate or 
 semicostate; areolation linear, narrow, uniform. Capsule round- 
 ovate. 
 
 28. Hylocomium. Stems with few brandies, pinnalely fastigiale- 
 
 rannilose. Leaves 8<juarrose or reflexed, shortly bicostate; areo- 
 lation linear, narrow, somewhat enlarged at base. Capsule short, 
 turgid, horizontal. 
 
 Subgenus I. PSEUDOLESKEA. (PI. C.) 
 
 Mode of growth and arrangement of the leaves and para- 
 phyllia as in Leskea. Caj)sule cernuous or horizontal, short, 
 turgid, thiek-walled. Teeth of the j)eristonie solid ; membrane 
 large; segments as long as the teeth, regular, carinate, eleft 
 between the articulations, generally sejiarated by more or less 
 perfect cilia. — Pseudoleskea, ]>ruch & Schimj). 
 
 1. H. atrovirens, Dicks. Densely cesjtitose, dark green ; 
 stem much divided and 8ubj)innately ramulose ; branchlets 
 flexuons : leaves minutely papillose, oj)en or subsecund, lanceo- 
 late from an ovate base, concave, entire, the borders recurved ; 
 costa stout, vanishing below the apex; paraphyllia numerous 
 and multiform : capsule cernuous or horizontal, oval or oblong, 
 more or less turgid, dark brown, constricted under the orifice 
 when dry and empty ; pedicel smooth, curved above ; operculum 
 convex-conical, acute or apiculate ; cilia none ; annulus very 
 narrow, simple. — Crypt. Fasc. ii. 10 ; Smith, Engl. Bot. t. 2422. 
 IL Jilamentosum^ Dicks. 1. c. Pseudoleskea atrovirens, Bruch 
 & Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 477. 
 
 Had. On rocks; Niagara Falls and Lake Superior (Macoun)', Lake 
 Huron (Mrs. Hoy); very rare, and sterile. 
 
 2. H. catenulatum, Brid. Mode of growth as in the last ; 
 leaves very small, spreading when moist, closely imbricate when 
 dry, lanceolate from an ovate base ; borders recurved from the 
 middle downward ; costa flat, vanishing in the middle ; cells 
 small, oval, uniformly oblique at base; paraphyllia filiform, 
 
 ' 1 
 
 -;,' k 
 
820 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Ilypnum. 
 
 t' I 
 
 simple or branching: pcrichjctiura whitish, the inner leaves 
 narrowly acuminate, costate: capsule cernuous or subarcuate, 
 oblong; operculum rostrate, yellow ; segments entire, 8ej)aratecl 
 by one or two thin cilia; annulus compound, broa<l. — !Mu8c. 
 Recent. Suppl. ii. 154. Pseudoleskea catentilatiiy Bruch & 
 Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 478. Leskea cutenulata, Lindb. 
 
 II An. Mount Ingleborough, New York (JVuwdl, Me Schiiuper in Syn. 
 ed. 2, 005). 
 
 We have never seen an American specimen of this moss, nor can we 
 find trace of tlie locality given by Schimper. 
 
 3. H. radlCOSUm, Mitt. Dia'cious : plants intricately ces- 
 pitose: leaves sjjrjading, loosely intricate, subsecund at the 
 apex of the branches, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, concave; 
 costa percurrent ; borders reflexed, serrulate at the apex ; bas- 
 ilar cells narrow, round-cpiadrate, the ujiper oblong, soft ; para- 
 phyllia lanceolate; periduetial leaves large, erect, convolute, 
 oval, lanceolate-acuminate, the outer ecostate, the inner thinly 
 costate to the middle, serrulate at the ai>ex. — Journ. Linn. Soc. 
 viii. 31. IL tenax^ Drumm. Muse. Amer. n. 225, not Iledw. 
 JI. congestum^ Wils. Ms., and Pseudoleskea couf/esta, Bruch 
 & Schimp. in Bryol. Eur. Pseudoleskea^ 2. 
 
 Var. gracHis. Plants smaller: leaves narrower, longer 
 acuminate: capsule inclined ; peristome less ])erfect. — Leskea 
 riffescetis, Wils. Ms., referred to Lescurea by Bruch & Schimp. 
 in Bryol. Eur. under that genus. Pseudoleskea riffescens, Lindb. 
 Act. Soc. Fenn. x. 247. 
 
 Hau. Banlcs of Portage River, Britisli America, on roots of trees near 
 tlie ground, and tl»e variety iu dryer situations, on brandies of trees 
 {Drummond, n. 225). 
 
 Sullivant examined all tlie specimens given under the above number 
 from four different sets of Drummond's first collection. He remarks, 
 in a note, that the species varies according to habitat. Growing on tlie 
 roots of trees near the ground, it is more robust and condensed; in dryer 
 situations on the branches of trees, it is more slender and lax. Of the 
 first ^orm are Mitten's specimens, which are sterile and incomplete; of 
 the second are the specimens of three sets from which Wilson made his 
 Lesl ea rigescens. 
 
 Subgenus II. HETEROCLADIUM. 
 Stem vaguely pinnate and ramulose. Stem-leaves cordate- 
 ovate, lanceolate, obscurely short-bicostate, open or subsquar- 
 rose, smooth or minutely papillose ; medial areolation narrowly 
 
Hypnum.] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 321 
 
 oval, the alar quadrate or transversely oval, not enlarged ; 
 branch-leaves much sinaller, ovate-acuminate, all minutely ser- 
 rulate ; jtaraphyllia few, leaf-like. Capsule oval or oblong, 
 curved. Peristome large ; cilia li or 3. — Ifeteroclailinm^ IJruch 
 &, Schini]). 
 
 4. H. dimorphum, lb-id. Dicecious : plants loosely ces- 
 j)itose, entwining, rigid, yellowish green : stem-leaves ovate- 
 lanceolate, long-acuminate, broadly cordate and decurrent at 
 base, curve<l back from the middle ; costa very ol)scure, short 
 and geminate ; branch-leaves suberect, ovate, concave, obtuse, 
 imbricate; ])ara|»hyllia few and small, filiform or oval, ciliate; 
 j>erichietial leaves long, ecostate, rcHexed from the middle, 
 whitish : capsule oblong, incurved or horizontally inclined, 
 slightly constricted under the oritice ; lid short, conical-obtuse. 
 — Muse. IJecent. Suppl. ii. 141). I/eterociuiliinn diniorp/uuHy 
 Bruch & Schim]>. JJryol. Eur. t. 479. 
 
 IIah. White Muuntains and Nova Scotia (James). 
 
 5. H. procurrens. Di(Dciou8 : plants yellowish green ; 
 stems arcuate, procund^ent ; branches irregularly pinnate or 
 bipinnate : stem-leaves divergent, compressed, gradually nar- 
 rowed to a filiform ])oint, mini, cly serrulate on the borders, 
 with two unefjual costal vanishing in the middle ; areolation 
 elongated in the middle of the leaves, oblong on the margins 
 and toward the ai>ex, all smooth and pellucid ; branch-leaves 
 unequilateral, obtuse; the perichajtial broadly ovate, convolute 
 at the base, 8)>reading at the apex : capsule oval, horizontal, 
 long-pedicellate. — Pterogonium procurrens.^ Mitten, Jouru. 
 Linn. Soc. viii. 37, t. 7. 
 
 Hab. British America (Drummond). 
 
 Of looser habit than the last. Pedicel an inch long. 
 
 Subgenus III. TIIUIDIUM. (PI. 6.) 
 
 Primary stems densely rooting, the secondary 1-3-pinnately 
 ramulose. Stem-leaves larger, decurrent, cordate-triangular, 
 more or less long-acuminate, strongly costate, papillate on the 
 lower face or on both; paraphyllia numerous and multiform;, 
 branch-leaves smaller, ovate-lanceolate, concave, imbricate; 
 areolation small, round-hexagonal, sometimes long-linear at 
 
322 
 
 BKYACE^E. 
 
 [Ill/pnum. 
 
 iij 
 
 HQ 
 
 •1i 
 
 base and quadrate on tlie borders. Flowers mona'cious or 
 dia'fious ; j»ericha'thnu long, imbricate. Calyj»tra covering the 
 capsule to the middle or lower. Capsule long-pedicellate, 
 narrowly ovate or cylindrical, incurved or arcuate. Oj>erculum 
 conical, or more or less long-rostrate. — T/uddiumy Schinip. 
 
 * Planta minute^ douhhj pinnate : areolation ron)nl-he.e(Ujonal 
 andunifonn: capaule horizontal ; lid subtdate-rostrate : flow- 
 ers momecioHs. 
 
 6. H. minutulum, ITedw. Stem papillose-tomcntoso, ir- 
 regularly divided; branches ])innately ramulose: stem-leaves 
 more distant, deltoid, acuminate or aj)iculate, opaque, subrevo- 
 lute on the borders ; costa stout, .vanishing near the apex ; 
 branch-leaves ovate-acuminate, concave, with shorter costa; 
 leaves and paraphyllia very ])apillose ; pericluetial leaves thinner, 
 nearly smooth, the inner lanceolate-acuminate, with the long 
 acumen more or less reflexed : capsule ovate-oblong, cernuous 
 or horizontal, on a long smooth pedicel, dark yellow, brown 
 when old ; annulus large, compound. — Muse. Frond, iv. 90, t. 34. 
 Thuidinni tninntulum^ Bruch & Schinip. Bryol. Eur. t. 481. 
 
 Hah. Decayii.g trunks and roots of trees, in woods. 
 
 7. H. pygmSBUm, Sulliv. & Lesq. Plants dirty green; 
 stem bipinnate, papillose ; branches and branchlets short, very 
 slender: stem-leaves much larger, distant, broadly deltoid, long 
 and narrowly acuminate, subdecurrent, spreading; branch-leaves 
 ovate-lanceolate, open-erect, opaque, densely ]>apillo8e and pa- 
 pillose-crenulate on the borders ; costa stout, pellucid, vanishing 
 below the apex ; paraphyllia very few or none ; })erichaetial 
 leaves nearly smooth, with a long loose areolation, the inner 
 sheathing, all erect, lanceolate, narrowly acuminate, costate, 
 slightly serrulate above : capsule long-pedicellate, oblong, ar- 
 cuate, unequilateral, broad-mouthed ; teeth flexuous, filiform at 
 the apex ; segments as long as the teeth ; cilia three, short ; 
 annulus large. — Mosses of U. States, 67, and Icon. Muse. 153, 
 t. 98. Thuidium pygmmum^ Bruch & Schimp. Bryol. Eur. 
 IViuidium^ 6. 
 
 Had. Limestone rocks, in thin close mats, in shaded ravines, Central 
 Ohio; rare. 
 
 Distinct from the last in its smaller size, papillose stems, bipinnate 
 ramification, narrower branch-leaves, and the absence of paraphyllia. 
 
ITypnum.] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 323 
 
 • * Mod'e of ffrmcth aa in the prectiJinf/ : cupsuh; ri/fi/alrifdl ,' 
 operculuiH conical or n/torf-rontrafe. 
 
 8. H. SCitum, Ik'siuv. IMaiits in !I|»ihtss(m1 ijn'cn or y<'ll(nv- 
 ish brown tufts; stems lonuf, prostrate, •J-JJ-purtitt', (Icnscly |tin- 
 nati'ly ramulose; branchlets short and sk'ndt'r: stoni-Icavcs 
 broadly deltoid, cordate, aeumiiiate, those of the branches 
 smaller, cordate-ovate, shorter-acinninate, all concave, open- 
 erect; costa pellucid, vanishin<; above tiie middle; areolation 
 nearly round, minute; paraphyllia numerous, multiform; inner 
 perichivtial leaves loni^-lanceolate, with a lout; Hlif()rm acumina- 
 tion, plicate lengthwise: capsule cylindrical-oldonir, erect or 
 slii^htly curved ; operculum conical-rostrate, curved upward ; 
 annulus larije. — Prodr. GH; Sulliv. Icon. Muse. IT)."), t. 00. 
 T/iHidium scition, Aust. ^lusc. Appal, n. 300. Jianin scita^ 
 Aust. IJull. Torr. Club, vii. !«. 
 
 Var. SBStivale. Inner pericluetial leaves less u^radually 
 pointed: capsule subhorizontal, obovate, pale; pedicel yellow, 
 obscurely scabrous, as in all the ujroup. — T/tnidiion sritum^ var. 
 (Pstica/Cj Aust. Muse. Api»al. n. 301. T. (esticuni, Aust. IJull. 
 Tor. Club, V. 23. 
 
 Hah. Koots and base of trees, mostly the beech; flowering from 
 August to the eml of September, acconUng to exposure; not common. 
 
 This moss is a TItuidinm in all its cliaracters. It has been separated 
 by Austin into a new genus, Rmtia, on aocotmt of its more erect capsule, 
 and the cilia in pairs instead of threes. Other allied species, as II. ahie- 
 tintim, have sometimes two cilia, which are even short and irregular. 
 
 0. H. erectum. Stems very slender, covered with para- 
 phyllia; branchlets erect, nearly simple, dirty yellow: leaves 
 densely imbricate, hastate, lanceolate or oval-lanceolate, daspinsjj 
 at base, narrowed to a long pellucid ])oint ; costa broad, vanish- 
 ing below the ajiex ; cells of the areolation very small, rounded, 
 chlorophyllose, papillose ; pericha3tial leaves narrowly lanceolate, 
 very long filiform-acuminate: capsule cylindrical or ovate-cylin- 
 drical, erect, brown, on a very slender smooth pedicel ; oper- 
 culum yellow, conical, long-rostrate, incurved ; teeth pellucid 
 and tuberculate at base ; segments narrow, gradually attenuate, 
 not perforated ; basilar membrane narrow ; cilia none. — 7%<<- 
 idiiim erectum^ ]3uby, Regensb. Flora, Iviii. 284 (1875). 
 
 Hab. Florida (Chapman, in Herb. Delessert). 
 
 Besides the long pellucid point of the leaves, the essential character 
 which separates this species from //. scitum is the absence of cilia. 
 
 • (1 
 
 * 
 
 
824 
 
 imyACEvE. 
 
 [Ifypnum. 
 
 U>. H. gracile, Hrnoh & Schimp. Much like // acitnm, 
 diflVrifii; in tho stoins more difYuHoIy ilivnlud, tlio Icjivos loiigor 
 acuiiiiiiiitc, ( It'll t.'iti'-si'iTHto above, the capsule Hhort-neckeil, 
 tuij^id, oval-ol)lon<^, ceriiuouH or nearly horizontal with a broad 
 oriH('«>, the nhort conical or niamillate lid, and the Me<j^nient8 
 H(')»!iratt'«l by three loni; cilia. — Lond. Journ. Jiot. ii. 0(58 
 (IS4;{); Sulliv. iMusc. Alle«rh. n. f), and Icon. Muse. 15C, t. 100. 
 //. nncrojtln/lliun^ Muhl. Cat. Thnidinni gmciky liruch & 
 Scliinip. I. c. 5; Lindb. Faun. Flor. Fenn. ix. 'JCM. 
 
 Var. Lancastriense, Sulliv. & Les(j. Leaves shorter, 
 npi»res8ed, more <listinctly serrate at the apex; pericha'tium 
 greenish: capsule smaller and narrower; operculum longer.^ 
 Muse. IJor.-Amer. Exsicc. n. 27H. 
 
 Var. Ravenellii, Sulliv. & Lcsq. 1. c, n. 279. Plants 
 sniMller, slen<ler: leaves flat on the borders, with dense areola- 
 tion : i)edit'el shorter, curved ; cilia appendiculate; lid longer. 
 
 1 1 AH. On tlfc.iytul log.s in woods; tlie first variety in less litimitl situa- 
 tions, on roots (if troes in dry Idlly regions; tlie second on stone, brick 
 walls, etc. Soutli Carolina and Florida. 
 
 This species is extremely variable according to Its location. //. pnllens, 
 Lindl). Ms. (Sdilnip. fSyn. ed. 2, Oil), differs from the normal form of 
 //. (jrodUi merely in the narrower and longer-pointed leaves, tliose of the 
 l)ranclilets more papillose and sbaiply serrate at the apex. //. varitim, in 
 Dnimmond's second collection (n. 140, 141), found near St. Louis, is inter- 
 mediate between this form and the typical one, and distinct from both 
 in its nearly smooth leaves. //. Vmjiniarmm, Brid. Bryol. Univ. ii. 576 
 (Dill. Muse. 282, t. 30, fig. 18. Thnldlum Virrdniannm, Lindb. Muse. 
 Scand. 30), is n!Cognized by Llndberg as identical with the var. Lan- 
 cantrleusr. 
 
 11. H. calyptratum, Sulliv. Plants very small; stems 
 crcei>ing, filiform, simply pinnate, fl.igelliform at the apex : 
 leaves oj^en-erect, broadly ovate, narrowly long-acuminate, 
 denticulate to the middle ; borders recurved toward the base ; 
 costa percurrent • areolation minute, subquadrate : calyptra very 
 long, cucuUiform, descending below the base of the capsule, 
 ])ersistent : capsule long-pedicclled, cylindrical, oblique, slightly 
 curved ; operculum conical, obtuse ; segments cleft between the 
 articulations, separated by single short cilia ; annulus none. — 
 Pacif. R. Rep. iv. 190, t. 10. 
 
 Had. Near Los Angeles, California, on the ground (Bigeloio). 
 
 The long calyptra, the absence of the annulus, and the segments cleft 
 and separated by solitary cilia, especially separate this species from the 
 preceding. 
 
m 
 
 Ilypnum.] 
 
 DRYACE/K. 
 
 826 
 
 • # • J'lanta of fne and htrfjc (jrowth^ ouepiitff, 'l-W-pin- 
 nutebj ratnuloae: arpaule lony-cylimlricaly et'tct^ incnruul or 
 arcuate : Jfowera dincitnia. 
 
 1-. H. tamariscinum, \U^W. Sti'ius Htronir aixl very 
 
 lonix, alternately arched and attaelied to the «;nnmd l»y l)Uiidl«'s 
 of rootU'ts: Htein-leaves hroadly deltoid, sulK-onhite at the eon- 
 cave Huhplieate bane, abruptly ami narrowly laneeolate-aeuniinate, 
 papillose on both sidos, revohite and erenulate on the borders, 
 irrej;ularly serrulate at the apex ; branehdeaves ovate-lanceolate, 
 concave, brij^ht «j:reen when youni;, ochreous or reddish brown 
 when old; apical cells sinijdc, oval, pn>jectinu;; pericha-tial 
 leaves loii^-ciliate below, the inner with a K»im tlexuous and 
 tlagelliforni point ; the cilia filiform, simple or branched : capBiile 
 on a Ioul; dark )>urple pedicel; o|)ercultnn uniform in col«)r; 
 ainndus none. — Spec. Muse. 201, exd. syn., t. ('>7. ThuhUmn 
 t<nnarincininn^ Uruch & Schimp. IJryol. Eur. t. 482, and 4y:{. 
 T. tamariacf/oliuhi, Lindb. Faun. Flor. Fenn. xiv. 415, t. 1, 
 fij?. 7. 
 Had. Mountain districts, on the ground. Fructllies in winter. 
 
 13. H. recognitum, lledw. Plants nu)re slender, more 
 densely and widely cesjiitose, bij>iinnitely ramulose; branehlets 
 shorter: stemdeaves more densely crowded, more eidar^ed at 
 base; branch-leaves broadly ovate, concave at base, acuminate, 
 sharply serrulate ; apical cells cylindrical, truncate and crowned 
 by two or three acute ])apill!e; inner pericluetial leaves ovate- 
 lanceolate, fjradually narrowed into a loni^ filifoi-m serrate lori- 
 cate point, not ciliate on the borders: capsule smaller; operculum 
 shorter-rostrate; annulus larufe, distinct, deciduous. — Mjisc. 
 Frond, iv. 92, t. 35. T/midium deUcattdiint, Ibuch tfc Schimi). 
 Bryol. Eur. t. 484. T. recof/nltum^ Lindb. 1. c. 410, t. 1, fig. 9. 
 
 IlAn. On the ground, roots of trees, rocks, etc. ; very common. Fruit- 
 ing in June. 
 
 14. H. delicatulum, Linn. Mode of growth, color, rami- 
 fication, form of the leaves, etc., as in the last. It has also the 
 same kind of apical cells in the branehdeaves, but the periclue- 
 tial leaves are like those of 11. tamariscinum^ very long-ciliate ; 
 the operculum is more slender and long- rostrate, and the annulus 
 is narrower than in H. recoffnitum^ but more distinct than in 
 JI. tamariscinum. — Sjiec. PI. 1125, in part (the American 
 plant) ; Hedw. Muse. Frond, iv. 87, t. 33. II. prolifer\i,m.^ 
 
820 
 
 miYXCEJE. 
 
 [Ifl/pnum. 
 
 
 . 
 
 \ 
 
 LjT 
 
 T 
 PI ' 
 
 ■ 
 
 ,, ■ ^ 
 
 I 
 i 
 
 Dnimin. ^[usp. Aincr. n. VM\. If. taniarincinum, Siilliv. A, 
 \a'>*[, .Miimc. llor.-AiMcr. Kxsicc. n. '2''2. Tltitiiliittmtdicatuliini^ 
 Mitt. .Ituini. I.iiiM. Sue. xii. .'■)7lS ; Li»''S. I. c, ii<^. 8. 
 
 II All. .Siiiiit! liH thu prt'OftlliiR. 
 
 From till! ol>.it!rvuUuiiH ttf JilinUH't-g tlicru has bfcti a cotifiiHluti of tlio 
 Npi'cicH of tills );roit|). 'I'Ih! U'IH; //. tdiiiiirixriniiin lian nut l)t'«>n foiiiitl In 
 North AiiH'iica, or Ls hfii! vi-ry ran-, ami thu MiK-chiU'iix (IUlill)iit«'»l umlfr 
 this iianu! in Siilliv. Muse. ,Vllo,i{li. ami Sulllv. & Lusq. Miwo. Itor.-Ain. 
 KxhIcc, ami in Austin's .Miis<'. Appal. r«'pivs«Mit mostly //. dilicittidnni, 
 whilo tliost! »llstill)UttMl as //. itiiinttiiliiiu mostly r«'pr('s«!nt //. rrctujnitiiin. 
 If, as It H«H!iiis, \v« hav<! only two spcflos, //. n-foiinitnin and //. (U-licn- 
 tulitm, they arc very easily lihmtillcil hy tlio characters of the iHd'ichu'tial 
 leaves. The character of the apical cells of the hranch-leaves, which 
 essentially separates //. tHindriHcinniii, has not been remarked by any 
 American bryolo^ist. 
 
 « # « # tStcms erect, aimplif pinnate, raniulose: opercuhnn 
 
 coiirv.1', coniciil. 
 \^. H. abietinum, Tjim. Diavious: plants in wi«l(! yel- 
 lowish uffc'i'M tiit'ts ; sti'iiis siiii|»l(.' or bipartite, slightly radiciilosc, 
 l»iiinatoly diviilcMl into sliort nearly t'<|iial liranches: st M-Ii'.'ivt's 
 close, liroadiy ovate, loiii^-acinninate, deeply suleate, te nn<l 
 
 caiiallculiite to lielow the |)oint; horders flat on one side, re- 
 flexed on the other; hraneh-leaves ovate-aeuinitiate, very con- 
 cave, Irreifularly ilenticulate on the borders, all very pa|)llIose; 
 jiaraphyllia crowded, lorieate-flliform ; inner pericha'tial leaves 
 loni;, lanceolate-aciuninate, sulcate, entire: ca|)sule narrow, 
 cylindrical, slijjfhtly incurved, arcuate when empty, chestnut- 
 colored ; operculum conical, actnninate ; cilia two or three, 
 unequal and irre«j;ular ; anmdus laru^e, compound. — Spec. Piant. 
 112C. I'hukUuni abietiniim, Bruch & Schiinp. Bryol. Eur. 
 t. 485. 
 
 II AB. Shaded rocks and barren ground bordering woods; not rare, but 
 fruiting specimens very rarely found; Kocky Mountains of Colorado 
 (Porter), in fruit. 
 
 1(). H. Blandovii, Web. & Mohr. Mona?ciou8 : tufts bright 
 gre\^n; steins lon^:, 2-3-parted, covered with paraphyllia; 
 brar ches close, distichous, attenuated, flexuous or reciu'ved : 
 stem-leaves larsjje, imliricate, broadly ovate-cordate, acuminate, 
 irregularly plicate lengthwise, reflexed on the borders, p.a)nllose 
 on the back, with long ramose basilar cilia ; areolation ol)long, 
 loose, soft ; branch-leaves broadly ovate, short-acuminate, plicate, 
 entire, all costate to below the apex ; paraphyllia very long, 
 
 II 
 
Ul/pnuin.] 
 
 nUYACEvE. 
 
 827 
 
 l2i('iiiiMt(>-('iIiat(>; porieh«»tinl h'ftvcH Hhort-nrumin.'it*', dcnticiiliito 
 at the a|>t'x : capMiiU* oliloii^-cylimlrical, i'rniiioiis, arciiatf wlicu 
 «lry, lii^ht lu'oun; lid coiiiral, aculf aihl apiculatc; tt't-tli wry 
 (Inisi'ly articulati', ilark oranj,'i' ; so^iiu'iits nearly nitiiv ; cilia 
 tlirt'i', loiiix, |K'rfi'('t; animliis lar^^i', (•()in|><tiiiiil. — lint. Tasch. 
 85{*J; Schwat'i,'!'. Suppl. ii. 1. loH, t. 14'2. I'hniifitDn Jilnniloi'ii^ 
 \\y\\v\\ it S»'liim|». IJryol. Kur. t. 4H(l. 
 
 II All. IN'iit Ih)!^m, Wijtcoiisin {Laphuin); Western New York; Tannda 
 {Mtiamn); Fort Colvllle (Li/nil). 
 
 Species not atijjiciently known. 
 
 17. H. remotifolium, (irev. Moim'cions: plaiitM irrci^u- 
 larly l>i|iiiinatc: Mtt'iii-U'avcM lari^c, iaiici'olati'-acuiniiiatc, cris- 
 )»ati'; bonk'is rovolutt', uiuliiiati' : capsule NJiort-piMliccllcd, 
 erect, narrowly lonj^-cylindrical, aMccndin^; annuliis present. — 
 Edinl). ^reiii. Wern. Soc. v. 485}; Miiell. Syn. ii. 41»>. 
 
 II All. \V»?stern America. 
 
 Mueller remarks on this species that the ni,'ure In Sch\vae;;r. Snppl. II. 
 2. 170, i. 'J()(), given fron. Hooker's siHM'imuiis received from Montagne, 
 scarcely represents the himscIcs. Its true characters are not known ami 
 Its attinitles are nncertaln. Mueller had seen only an Imperfect peristome 
 of the species. 
 
 IS. H. Alleni. Stems erect or compressed with fasciculate 
 Viinovati(Us, hipinn.'itely branchiiiiLr, densely |>arapiiyllose : leaves 
 broadly ovate, concave, very shortly acuminate or acute, plane 
 or subsulcate, minutely papillose, crenulate on the borders, 
 auriculatc and subdecurrent at base; costa stronur, ascending 
 ne.arly to the apex; areolation minute, distinct, unipapillose; 
 paraphyllia loncf, simple or sparingly divided, geniculate ; branch- 
 leaves short, lax, flexuous, without j)ara|)hyllia and with more 
 slender shorter costa, etc. — Thuidium Alleni^ Aust. IJull. Torr. 
 Club, vii. IG. 
 IIau. In a peat swamp near Xew Haven, Conn. {John Allen). 
 
 Subgenus IV. CLAOPODIUM. 
 
 Plants small ; stems prostrate or creeping, increasing by 
 stolons or lateral branches, divaricate, irregularly bipinnately 
 ramulose ; branches short and simple, or longer and attenuate, 
 flagelliform. Leaves open, erect, lanceolate-acuminate from an 
 ovate subcordate base, denticulate all around, papillose on the 
 
ii 
 
 iii 
 
 A.i'.i. 
 
 328 
 
 BRYACiiE. 
 
 [Ilj/jmwn. 
 
 n 
 
 back; areolation small, oval or fusiform-angular; i)araphyllia 
 
 none. Flowers dia'cious. Capsule short-oval, turgid, abru}>tly 
 
 curved downward at the base of the inflated collum. Pod'.cel 
 
 smooth or rough. 0])erculum conical, constricted into a ?hort 
 
 jtoint- i'eeth closely articulate; segments split between the 
 
 articulations ; cilia two or three, long. 
 
 lit'lated to Tlutidituu in the papillose areolation and the form of the 
 leaves ; to Eurhynch'aun in the absence of paraphyllia and the character of 
 the peristome; differing from both in the form of the capsule and lid. 
 
 10. H. leuconeurum, Sidliv. <& Lesq. Plants yell(jwish 
 green, glossy ; stems slender ; branches short, appressed : leaves 
 open, erect, costate to the ai)ex ; the pericha^tial ovate-lanceolate, 
 long flliforni-acuminate, ecostate; areolation minute, scarcely 
 longer toward the base : caj)sule ovate, horizontal ; pedicel 
 curved, smooth ; operculum long-conical, aj>iculate or short- 
 rostc'late; segments j)unctulate; intermediate cilia three, not 
 half as long as the segments ; annulus large. — Muse. Bor.-Amcr. 
 Exsicc. (ed. 2), n. 407"; Sulliv. Icon. Muse. 102, t. 80. Tha- 
 iiliuni leuconeurum, Lesq. Mem. Calif. Acad. i. 31. 
 
 IIah. On trunks of Qverciis agrifolia and on moist soil of sh&ded 
 hills; Oakland, California {Bolander); Coeur d'Alene Mountains, N. W. 
 Montana (Watson). 
 
 20. H. Whippleanum, Sulliv. Plants small, dirty green, 
 }>rostrate ; stems irregulaily divided ; primary branches long, 
 flexuous, pinnately ramulose, attenuate, llagelliform, radiculose 
 at the apex : leaves erect-spreading, those of the stem deltoid, 
 cordate at base, those of the branches narrower, all long-acu- 
 minate, dentate, serrate all around, costate to the aj)ex ; areola- 
 tion minutely quadrate-oblong; perichajtial leaves ovate, gradu- 
 ally narrowed into a slender flexuous point, costate to below the 
 point : capsule abruptly inclined from a short neck, ovate, on 
 a tuborculose flexuous pedicel ; operculum conical, con;^tricted 
 in the middle, apiculate ; segments splitting, separated by two 
 cilia as long as the segments. — Pacif. R. Rep. iv. 190, t. 9. 
 
 Had. Coast ranges near San Francisco (Bigelow). 
 
 The species is closely allied to //. leuconeurum, differing essentially in 
 the rough pedicel, tlie absence of annulus, and the cilia, which arc only 
 two and of twice the length. 
 
 21. H. ramulosum, Hampe. Stem thickish, simply pin- 
 nate ; branches short, unequal, bright green ; stem-leaves densely 
 
Jlypnum.] 
 
 BRYACE^E. 
 
 329 
 
 crowded, crcct-sprcading, soft, broadly cordate, subdecurreiit- 
 auriculate at l)ase, al>rui»tly narrowed into a eroimlate hyaline 
 j)iliferoiis jioint ; oosta whitish, vanishinu; below the aj)ex ; areo- 
 lation of miinite rounded slijj^htly i>ai>illose eells; perieluetial 
 leaved broadly ovate, erose-dentate, long and narrowly aeuinin- 
 .ite, denticulate, narrowly costate, loosely reticulate: capsule 
 small, horizontal, turgid, oblong, pale, on a short rough jturplish 
 pedicel ; operculum conical, obli(|uely rostellate ; segments 
 yellowish, si»lit ; cilia two; annulus large. — Muell. Syn. ii. 480. 
 Hau. Cape Disappointment, Washington Territory. 
 
 22. H. crispifolium, Hook. fStems pinnately and bipin- 
 nately much divided, dirty yellow: leaves densely imbricate, 
 yellowish green, opaipie, subfalcate-secund ; those of the stems 
 deltoid-ovate, attenuate into a long crispate point, undulate- 
 rugose, soft, thickish, decurrent at base, minutely areolate, 
 strongly nerved ; branch-leaves narrower, ovate-lanceolate ; the 
 perichajtial erect, lanceolate, gradually narrowed to a long flex- 
 UOU3 point, ecostate, serrulate : capsule oval-oblong, horizontal ; 
 pedicel purplish, rough; peristome of jEurhi/nchium. — Muse. 
 Exot. t. 31. 
 
 Hau. Shaded ground and rocks, Xorthwestern America {Mcnzicn); 
 "Vancouver Island (Wood); Cviliionna, (Uolunder, Watsun); Fort Colville 
 ( Watson). 
 
 23. H. laxifolium, Schwaegr. Stems long, creeping, pros- 
 trate and rigid ; branches and branchlets bright green : stem- 
 leaves loosely imbricate, open-erect, deltoid, ovate and decur- 
 rent at base, acuminate, serrate or denticulate ; branch-leaves 
 narrower; costa vanishing in the apex; pei-icha'tial leaves 
 oblong, sheathing, erect, long flexuous-acuminate, denticulate at 
 the apex, ecostate : capsule globose-ovate, horizontal on a short 
 red tubercular pedicel ; operculum conical, acuminate ; peri- 
 stome as in the preceding. — Sup])l. ii. 1. 159, t. 143; Brid. 
 Bryol. Univ. ii. 464. Leskea laxifolia^ Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 30. 
 Isothecium laxifolium^ Brid. 1. c. 359. 
 
 Hau. Northwest coast of America (Menzies). 
 
 Subgenus V. ELODIUM. 
 
 Stems villous, ascending, 2-3-parted, distantly and pinnately 
 ramulose; branches subcompressed. Leaves lanceolate-acumi- 
 nate, striate, not papillose ; areolation elongated, rhomboidal ; 
 
•:'s :i 
 
 330 
 
 BRYACEiE. 
 
 [Uypnum. 
 
 H?'' 
 
 Illii 
 
 ■,• -' 
 
 i') 
 
 costca subpercurrent. Capsule cemuous. Operculum convex- 
 conical. 
 
 24. H. paludosum, SulHv. Monoecious : plants yellowish 
 green ; branchlets distichous, slender, unequal : leaves open- 
 erect, cordate-concave at base, lanceolate, acuminate, reilexed 
 on the borders, strongly costate to the denticulate apex, smooth 
 on both faces; i)ara])liyllia ciliate, numerous; inner j)erichietial 
 leaves oblong, gradually narrowed into a short slender point, 
 plicate-striate lengthwise : capsule oblong-cylindrical, thicker 
 above, cernuous; operculum conical, apiculate, short ; segments 
 cleft between the articulations ; cilia three, as long as the seg- 
 ments ; annulus large. — Muse. Allegh. n. 7, Mosses of U. States, 
 68, and Icon. Muse. 157, t. lUl. 
 
 Hau. Not rare In the cranberry marshes of Northern Ohio; Rhode 
 Island (Olney); Massachusetts (Uussell); Vernwnt (Frost), etc. 
 
 This species so much resembles //. Blandocii that it has sometimes 
 been confounded with it. It d lifers in the paraphyllia less densely 
 crowded upon the stems, the leaves not papillose and not fringed at the 
 basal margin, the segments cleft, etc. 
 
 Subgenus VI. TRIPTEROCLADIUM. 
 
 Plants loosely cespitose, intricate ; stems compressed ; 
 branches comi>ressed or subtcrete, attenuated, irregularly pin- 
 nate. Leaves erect, more or less open, very smooth ; cells of 
 the areolation ellii)tical, the alar cpiadrate-rhomboidal. Capsule 
 erect, cylindrical, cernuous. Oj)erculum conical. Flowers 
 monoecious. 
 
 25. H. leucocladulum, Muell. Stems long, very slender, 
 filiform ; lower brancidots shorter, brown by maceration, the 
 upper long, attenuate-filiform, subjulaceous : stem-leaves close, 
 erect or ojien, small, exactly ovate from the decurrent base, 
 obsoletely denticulate at the apex ; those of the branches oblong 
 and narrower, all very short, bicostate, concave, revolute at the 
 base, ])ale green ; inner perichaitial leaves numerous, large, 
 sheathing at the broader base, short-acuminate, reflexed, the 
 upper all very slightly denticulate : calyptra glabrous : capsule 
 erect, small, cylindrical-oval, on a short very slender reddish 
 flexuous pedicel, slightly cernuous, reddish, glossy ; operculum 
 small, conical, acute ; annulus narrow ; teeth distinctly latticed ; 
 
Ilypnum.] 
 
 BIIYACE.E. 
 
 331 
 
 segments yellow, attached to a fragile scarious memlirane, nar- 
 rowly lanceolate, split or disjointed, separated by solitary deli- 
 cate subnodose cilia. — H(-^ensb. Flora, Iviii. 71) (1875). 
 II AH. Oakland, Oregon (Ihircy). 
 
 -0. H. COmpreSSUlum, Muell. 1. c. Plants slender, bright 
 green, soft ; stems short, slender, distinctly compressed ; branch- 
 lets short, very slender, irregularly pinnate, slightly compressed : 
 stem-leaves erect, more or less open, ovate or oblong-acuminate, 
 concave, slightly <lecurrent at base, distinctly denticulate all 
 around, bicostate ; cells soft, very glossy ; uj)per perichietial 
 leaves longer acuminata : capsule much longer, very narrowly 
 cylindrical. 
 
 Hah. Oakland, Oregon (R. D. Xecins). 
 
 Subgenus VII. CA3IPT0TIIECIU:iI. 
 
 Plants yellow, glossy, cespitose ; stems pinnately ramulose. 
 Leaves crowded, erect, strict, subscarious, long-lanceolate, 
 gradually acuminate, dee})ly j)licate lengthwise, narrowly cos- 
 tate ; areolation very narrow, linear or vermicular, smooth, 
 the basal cells quadrate a*^ the angles. Flowers dicecious ; male 
 buds often parasite upon female ])lants. Capsule oblong or 
 cylindrical, cernuous, arcuate when dry. Pedicel rough, except 
 in //. nitens. Peristome j)erfect ; membrane broad ; segments 
 as long as the teeth. — Camptothecium^ Schimp. 
 
 27. H. lutescens, Huds. Stems rigid : leaves minutely 
 serrate at the a]>ex, those of the branches narrower and some- 
 times subsecund : capsule cernuous from above its erect collum, 
 oblong-cylindrical, more or less arcuate, dirty yellow; oj)er- 
 culum rostrate. — Flor. Angl. 42; Iledw. Muse. Frond, iv. 40, 
 t. 16. Camptotheciumlutescens, Bruch & Schimp. J3ryol. Eur. 
 
 t. 558. 
 
 Hah. Alaska (Kellor/g); Northwest coast (7)oHr/;ns); Vancouver Isl- 
 and (Lyall); Victoria, Oregon (iio/«)u7er, JVcc/«.s); California (Coulter). 
 
 28. H. SBneum, Mitt; Leaves gradually lanceolate-acumi- 
 nate from the ovate base; costa vanishing below the apex; 
 borders reflexed, distantly serrulate ; alar cells small, short, 
 obscure ; perichajtial leaves long, erect, broadly lanceolate, 
 abruptly acuminate-subulate, serrulate, ecostate : capsule in* 
 
si' 
 
 III 
 
 i(i 
 
 i-.i: 
 
 f! 
 
 ,. 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 i I 
 
 dl 
 
 !• ■■■} 
 
 r 
 
 r 
 
 l.'.i' 
 I 
 
 
 
 332 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 [Ilypnum. 
 
 clincd, curved ; segments cleft between the articulations ; cilia 
 three, as long as the segments ; membrane large, as in the last 
 species. — Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 31, t. 5. 
 
 Had. Pend d'Oreille Uiver, N. Idaho {Lyall); Fort Colville ( IVataon). 
 
 From the author's remarks tliis species lias the same appearance as the 
 last, from which it is distinguished by the apical leaves of the lateral 
 branches having their points broad, somewhat acutate, and obtuse. The 
 peristome is more complete, the segments being separated by three long 
 cilia. 
 
 29. H. Nuttallii, Wils. Widely ces]>itose, yellowish brown ; 
 stems prostrate, radiculose; branchlets crowded, spreading or 
 homomallous : leaves closely imbricate, narrowly oblong-lanceo- 
 late, gradually acuminate, plicate-striate, coarsely dentate tit the 
 recurved base, serrate above ; costa vanishing in the apex ; 
 inner periclnetial leaves erect, long-lanceolate, narrowed into a 
 filiform point, striate: capsule long-cylindrical, suberect and 
 subarcuate, with a short distinct neck ; pedicel very short and 
 rough, scarcely as long as the ci'.i)sule ; operculum conical, short- 
 rostrate ; segments split their whole length ; cilia very short, 
 rudimentary; annulns narrow. — Bryol. Brit. 334, 3.'>9 ; SuUiv. 
 Icon. Muse. 211, t. 128. Cantptotheciiim N'uttallii, Bruch & 
 Schimp. Bryol. Eur. Vamptothecium,, C. Leskea Callfornica^ 
 Ilampe, Linmea, xxx. 400 (1800). 
 
 IIau. On trees, Western coast of North America (Mi'nzies)\ Cali- 
 fornia, Oregon, etc. {liolundcr, Baiter, Nuttall, Biyelow, etc.); N. Idaho 
 {Watson); not common. 
 
 Easily recognized from its congeners by its long thick capsule, short 
 pedicel, shorter rostrate operculum, the densely pinnate ramification, and 
 the dentate base of the leaves. 
 
 30. H. Nevadense, Lesq. Plants robust, loosely cespitose, 
 yellowish green; stems creeping; branchlets short and hori- 
 zontal, or longer, irregularly divided and arcuate : leaves secund, 
 lanceolate, gradually short-acuminate, minutely serrate at the 
 apex, carinate by the costa, deeply biplicate ; borders revolute 
 or recurved ; alar cells very few, irregularly quadrate : capsule 
 erect or subcernuous, cylindrical-ovate, on a short reddish pedi- 
 cel ; operculum long-rostrate ; cilia very short and rudimentary 
 or none ; annulus compound. — Mem. Calif. Acad. i. 33. 
 
 Hab. On rocks in the spray of Nevada and Bridal Veil Falls, Yose- 
 mite Valley (Bolander)', Spokan Falls {Watson). 
 
 Distinguished from II. lutescens by its yellowish green color, the large 
 thick stems and branches, its distinctly pinnate ramification, the alar 
 
Uypnum.] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 333 
 
 areolation scarcely marked by a few oval cells, the large capsule, the inner 
 peristome without cilia, etc. The leaves are more regularly and ileeply 
 plicate than in any other species of the subgenus. 
 
 81. H. pinnatifldum, Sul'iv. & Lvmi Plants soft, widoly 
 and loosely ccspitoso, bright or pale green ; steins slentler, pros- 
 trate, brittle, densely pinnately ramulose, rootless ; branohlets 
 short and flexuous, or longer and flagelliforni : leaves open-ereet, 
 densely imbricate, lanceolate, gradually subulate-acuminate, pli- 
 cate, revolute or reflexed on the borders, slightly denticidate at 
 the aj)ex ; costa thick, ascending to above the middle; cells of 
 the areolation linear-rhomboidal, the alar quadrate and minute ; 
 pericha3tial leaves imbricate at the sheathing oblong base, grad- 
 ually long-acuminate, ecostate: capsule thick, oblong or obo- 
 vate, incurved on a short flexuous rough pedicel ; operculum 
 large, highly conical, ^.'onstricted in the middle, mamillate ; 
 peristome normal ; annulus large. — Muse. Bor.-Amer. Exsicc. 
 (ed. 2), n. 513 ; Lesq. Mem. Calif. Acad. i. 33 ; Sulliv. Icon. 
 Muse. Suppl. 101, t. 77. 
 
 IIab. Shaded rocks in cafions, California {Iloldmler). 
 
 32. H. arenarium, Losq. Widely and loosely cespitose, 
 dirty yellow, irregularly brandling ; stems slender ; branchlets 
 sliort and erect, or longer and filiform, attenuated, radiculose: 
 leaves erect, iml)ricate, lanceolate-acuminate, striate, serrulate, 
 reflexed on the margins ; costa stout, vanishing below the apex; 
 cells of the areolation narrow, small, numerous, scarcely dis- 
 tinct, the basilar round-ovate, covering the whole base of the 
 leaves ; outer perichaatial leaves broadly ovate, short, with a re- 
 flexed point, the upper sheathing, abruptly narrowed into a Ali- 
 form serrulate erect or reflexed point, coarsely dentate below it : 
 capsule small, cylindrical-ovate, cernuous ; j)edicel long and 
 slender, rough toward the base, nearly smooth above ; oper- 
 culum large, obtusely conical, apiculate ; segments jierforated ; 
 cilia one or two, short ; annulus compound, large, persistent. — 
 Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. xiii. 13. 
 
 Hab. Covering sand around bushes near San Francisco, California 
 {Bolander). 
 
 Easily distinguished from the following by its slender form, the short 
 curved capsule, etc. 
 
 33. H. nitens, Schreb. Densely cespitose, bright or dirty 
 green, glossy ; stems erect, radiculose at the base of the leaves : 
 leaves erect-spreading, strict, long-lanceolate, subulate-acumif 
 
ill: 
 
 iiV 
 
 Hi 
 
 ii 
 
 hi 
 
 
 '{ 
 
 4* 
 
 
 334 
 
 BIIYACE.E. 
 
 [Ifs/pnum. 
 
 nate ; costa \ong; anil slender ; inner |)crieha}tial leaves very 
 long, filiforni-aeiuninate : capsule cyliixlrieal-oblong,, more or less 
 arcuate ; pedicel snuKitli ; j)eristonie normal, the teeth yellow ; 
 annulus comj)ound. — Spicil. Fl. Lips. 92 ; Bryol. Kur. t. C'ili. 
 Cainptothecintn nitens, Schimp. Syn. 530. 
 
 1 1 AH. IVat bogs and praiiie swamps, in the northern dlstriols; rarely 
 found in fruit. A variety with steuis and brandies more slender and of a 
 different aspect has been sent fi'om New Yorlc by E. C JIowc, but ex- 
 cepting the atUmuation of all the parts, the characters are identical. The 
 relation of the species to the group is not detinitc. 
 
 34. H. megaptilum, Sulliv. Ms. Plants highly cespitose, 
 M'hitish or pale green, glossy ; stems robust, erect, pinnately 
 branching, rootless ; branches short, horizontal, distichous, tho 
 upper turgid : leaves crowded, erect, imbricate, narrowly ovate 
 above the subdecurrent base, lanceolate, short-ajuculate, very 
 plicate, concave, costate to the middle, subrevolute on the bor- 
 ders, denticulate all around and on the back upon the costa and 
 the keels of the folds ; cells of tlie areolation long, narrow, 
 linear, chlorophyllose, the alar few and irregular : flowers 
 pseudomoncecious ; male buds radiculose, attached in the folds 
 of the leaves : capsule ovate-oblong, slightly curved, much 
 arcuate and constricted under the orifice when empty ; j)edicel 
 thick, short, scabrous, dark red ; operculum conical, apiculate, 
 constricted in the middle ; segments carinate, entire, with two 
 intermediate ai)pendiculate cilia as long as the teeth. — Campto- 
 thecium (?) me(/a2^tilHm^ Sulliv. Icon. Muse. Supjd. 102, t. 78. 
 
 Has. On the ground in deep coniferous woods; Oregon (E. Hall). 
 
 Subgenus VIII. BRACIIYTIIECIUM. (PI. 5.) 
 
 Plants generally large, loosely cesj)itose, prostrate or creeping, 
 irregularly branching, subpinnately ramidose, neither ])arai)hyl- 
 late nor tomentose, densely foliate. Leaves broadly ovate and 
 oblong-lanceolate, long-acuminate or narrowed into a filiform 
 point, minutely serrate, irregularly plicate lengthwise, cordate 
 and more or less decurrent at base, not glossy ; areolation elon- 
 gated rhomboidal, the alar quadrate, somewhat chlorophyllose or 
 with the primordial utricle distinct. Capsule horizontal or cer- 
 nuous (suberect in 77". acuminatum)^ thick, turgid-ovate or ob- 
 long, incurved. Pedicel smooth or rough. Operculum large, 
 
Hypnum.] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 335 
 
 convex-conical, acuminate. Peristome iarije ; teeth very depsoly 
 articulate ; wgments as lonuf as the teeth ; cilia two or three. 
 Spores chestnut-ct)l()r. — Jirac/ti/theciiihi, Schiinp. 
 
 # Pedicel stnooth. 
 
 8i'). H. ISBtum, l>ri(l. Diieeious : tufts hrii^ht or yellowish 
 jjreen ; stems prostrate ; branches and branehlets UTUMjual, 
 attenuate at the apex, erect : leaves close, ovate-lanceolate, 
 short-acuminate, ct)ncave, more or less plicate, narrowly c(»state 
 to the middle, minutely serrulate all around ; cells very lon<^ 
 and narrow ; pericluetial leaves numerous, soft, the inner oh- 
 lonijj, al)ruj>tly filiform-acuminate, flexuous: capsule suherect or 
 ccrnuous, narrowly cylindrical-oblonjjf, slightly incurved or sul)- 
 arcuate when <lry ; operculum narrowly conical ; cilia strongly 
 articulate or subai)i>endiculate ; ann\ilus none. — IJryol. Univ. 
 ii. 479; Sulliv. Icon. 3[usc. 185, 1. 115. lirachythecium Itf^titm, 
 Bruch & Schini]). Bryol. Eur. t. 554. 
 
 Var. dentatum. Leaves shorter, broader, with a shorter 
 point, more strongly dentate on the borders and more loosely 
 areolate. — //. salebrosnm, Sulliv. JNCusc. Allegh. n. 43. Ji. 
 Stdlii'untii^ IJruch & Schimj). Bryol. Eur. liracfnjthecium^ 21. 
 
 H.VB. Woods, on prostrate trunks, shaded jrronnd, or roots of trees; 
 very frequent, and variable according as the locality is more or less damp. 
 
 After the description of this species Schimper remarks that we have 
 in North America two or three other species closely related to Brachythe- 
 ciiiin ketum, but which cannot be separated without careful examination. 
 On repeated comparison of a large number of spociineiis of this polymor- 
 phous species, in collaboration with Suliivant. we have foun«l a difference 
 between //. hetiun of America and that of Europe, this last agreeing with 
 the description of B. luteolnin of Mueller. But so numerous are the 
 American varieties of this moss that, if only local differences were con- 
 sidered, a niunber of species could be established, but evidently with only 
 transient characters, like the length of the leaves, tlie more o: less loose 
 areolation, the erect or curved capsule, etc., and even the sometimes 
 pseudo-moncEcious inflorescence, differences often to be noticed upon the 
 same plant. We have therefore admitted a single species, /f. l(JEtinn, as 
 described above, and figtired in the Icoiies from specimens in the herba- 
 rium of Dr. Torrey labelled *' //. 20, Coll. Dewey," to which Bridel refers 
 as the materials on whicli lie established the species. Comparing the 
 figures of the Icones with those of Bryol. Eur., the only important dif- 
 ferences to be noticed are that in the American form the capsule is gener- 
 ally larger and the upper perichietial leaves more abruptly narrowed into 
 flexuous filiforni points. 
 
PffP T 
 
 i '' 
 
 l-l 
 
 4 
 
 83G 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Uypnum. 
 
 PI' 
 
 • , 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 : ] 
 
 1 
 
 30. H. acuminatum, Ik-anv. Difpcious: plants \vu\v\y 
 and more or less (K'lisfly cc'spitosc, dark j^reen jiaHhiIng to glossy 
 yi'Ilow ; sterns radiculose, jirostratc ; branches <listantly ranui- 
 losc ; hranclik'ts two-rankod, uncMjual, aoutc, jthunosu or stil)- 
 jiilacc'ous: leaves close, t»rect-oi)en, ovate-acute or ovate-lanceo- 
 late, acuminate, concave, the borders recurved toward the base, 
 subserrulate from the middle upward, not or only slightly 
 striate; costa vanishing above the middle or below the apex; 
 angular cells granulose ; inner i)erichjL'tial leaves tapering into 
 a long filiform curved acumen : capsule cylindrical-oblong, 
 erect, ecpial, rarely subincurved, short-i)edicelled ; operculum 
 long, conical-apiculate; segments punctate; cilia rudimentary; 
 u inulus none. — Prodr. G(l ; 3Iuell. Syn. ii. 334 ; SuUiv. Icon. 
 ]\iusc. 1S7, t. 110. Leaked acuminatd^ Iledw. Spec. INIusc. 2*24, 
 t. 50. X. lieyrichii, Ilampo, Liunana, xiii. 47, and Icon. Muse, 
 t. 7. 
 
 Var. rupincolum, Sulllv. & Lesq. Branches julacoous: 
 leaves densely imbricate, short, carinato and more plicate : cap- 
 sule sliorter oblong. — Muse. Bor.-Amer. Exsiec. n. 330''- LeS' 
 kea rupincoht, Iledw. 1. c. 227, t. 54, 
 
 Var. setosum, Sulliv. & Lesq. 1. c, n. 330*=- Branchlets 
 slender, i)lumose, i)ale yellow : leaves longer with looser areola- 
 tion, the perich.Ttial longer-acuminate : lid long-acuminate, not 
 apicnlate. — Leskea setosa, Iledw. 1. c. 220, t. 57. 
 
 Had. Decayed trunks In woods; the first variety on the ground or on 
 rocks, the last on less shaded trunks. Ranging from Florida to Canada. 
 
 A most variable species, but easily recognized by its characters, espe- 
 cially by its straight capsule, and the peristome without cilia. 
 
 37. H. salebrOSUm, Iloffm. Mona?cious : plants widely 
 ce8j)ito8e, gloss}', whitish or yellowish green ; stems subpin- 
 nately ramulose : leaves close, erect, open, loosely imbricate 
 when dry, ovate-lanceolate, acute or filiform-acuminate, irregu- 
 larly snlcate ; borders entire or subserrulate ; costa reaching the 
 middle or beyond, sometimes forking : capsule short, cernuous, 
 ovate or ovate-oblong, incurved ; pedicel very smooth ; oper- 
 culum conical ; intermediate cilia two, slightly shorter than the 
 segments, articulate ; annulus narrow. — Deutschl. P i. ii. 74. 
 IT. plumosiwt, Iluds. Fl. Angl. 423 ; Brid. Bryol. Univ. ii. 475; 
 Muell. Syn. ii. 358. Hmchythecium salebrosuniy Bruch & 
 Schimp, Bryol. Eur. t. 549, 550. 
 
ffyymum.] 
 
 BRYACEiE. 
 
 837 
 
 Vnr. longisetum. Stems long, nsocnding, sparinjjly rainii- 
 losf : U'jivf.s shorter and Hhortor-ju'umiiiatc, iiuUstinctly scrrati'. 
 — JJruch ife Sohimp. 1. c, aH Jirachythecintn. 
 
 Var. palustre. stems tall, stout : leaves ]»roa<ler, move 
 ooncave, seareely plicate, with u shorter ]>oiiit. — 7/ Jlildeantnn, 
 Sehimi). Syii. vm. 
 
 Var. cylindricum. Stems appressed, i)iiinately ramulose : 
 leaves shortei, very glossy, j)ale : eapsule ereet, longer, siil)- 
 arciiate. — Hrucli & Schimp. 1. c. 
 
 Var. Texanum. Stem-leaves aliruptly sul)tilate-aouniiiiate, 
 the lower entire, the upper serrate : capsule ohlong-cylindrical ; 
 jtedicel thicker, pale-colored. — Aust. liull. Torr. Club, vi. 44, 
 as J^rachytliecium. 
 
 II An. Moist ground, decaying trunks of treos, stonos, etc., in tlie 
 woods; the first variety in more arid places; the second in swampy 
 ground; tlie next in South Carolina (liav€nd)\ the last in Texas 
 \Boll). 
 
 38. H. acutum, Mitt. Mona;cious : plants loosely cespi- 
 tose, bright glossy green : stems long, tlexuous, cree|)ing, rad- 
 iculose at base, s])aringly branching ; branchlets short, very 
 open, often reflexed : leaves loose, oj)en-spreading when mois- 
 tened, lanceolate, gradually long-pointed, distantly and ol)- 
 seurelv serrulate all around, subdecnrrent and short-auriculate 
 at base, costato to above the mid<lle ; basal cells loose, sub- 
 quadrate ; perichajtial leaves narrowly subulate, recurved from 
 a short oval erect base, nerved : capsule oval, 8id)in('rmed and 
 subcernuous and unequal; ])edicel long; operculum long-coni- 
 cal, apiculate or subulate ; teeth hyaline-bordered ; cilia two, 
 aj>pendiculate. — Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 32, t. G. Jlntchythe- 
 cium aaitimiy SuUiv. Icon. Muse. Supjd. 99, t. 75. 
 
 IlAii. Puck River, British Columbia {Lyall); Massaeluisetts {Greene). 
 
 Closely resembling 11. salebrosum, but differing from this and other 
 allied species in tlie leaves gradually narrowed from just above the Imse. 
 not narrowed and acuminate above, in tlie longer operculum, the teelh 
 bordered by a pellucid margin, and the appendicnlate cilia. The species 
 is referred by liindberg (Miisc. Scand. 35) to II. Mildeaniun, Schimp. 
 
 39. H. albicans, Neck. Diwcious : irregularly cespitose ; 
 tufts loose, soft, whitish green ; stems with few 8imj)le or spar- 
 ingly ramulose branches, terete : leaves close, more or less 
 densely imbricate, ovate-lanceolate, with a short sid)piIiform 
 point, sulcate, costate to the middle, entire or subserrulate at 
 
838 
 
 BRYACEiE. 
 
 [Itypnum. 
 
 If 
 
 tho npex ; )M>riclut'tial leavos imrrowt'*! into ft lonj; filifonii point : 
 capHulc siiimH, ovate, tiii'i{i<l, liorixoiital or incliiu'd, .sultci'iiiuoiis, 
 bi'owii, Ix'cotiiiiii^ black wlien ol<l ; pfriMtoine noriiial ; aiiiiiiluH 
 narrow. — Mi'tli. Miiwc. IHO; Miu'll. Syn. ii. 5J(I0. Jirnchtjt/ie- 
 cinni, alfu'cuuH, linivh & Scliinip. Hryol Eur. t. r»r>;{. 
 
 IIah. (inissy Hiuidy i^roiiiid in inoiintaiiiN; Kucky Moiiiitnlns (llmir' 
 Ovan)\ Uinta Moiintuins, uiul (.'(fiir tl'Aluiiu JiUlte, N. lUuliu ( Watmn). 
 
 40. H. biventrosum, Mui-ll. Di<L'fious: plants small, 
 
 lt)os('ly c'l'spitosc, l)ri<xlit j^retdj ; branrlics very short, slentler, 
 
 ciu'vimI : stem-leaves elose, erect, open, sniall, scarcely Recurrent 
 
 at base, ovate-acuminate, not plicate, but ventricose at base on 
 
 both sides of the costa, recurve<l on the borders at the base 
 
 only, denticulate all around, costate to the middle ; alar cells 
 
 very small, chlorophyllose ; iinier perichiotial leaves sheathini^ 
 
 at base, more or less abruptly narrowed into a filiform rcHexed 
 
 point, ecostatu: capsule small, cylindrical-oblon*;, not curved; 
 
 lid conical, very shortly apiculate ; teeth narrow ; sci^uients 
 
 split ; cilia rudimentary. — Hull. Ton*. Club, v. 41), and Kenensb. 
 
 Flora, Iviii. 1)0. linichythecium spieudens, Aust., Coult. Hot. 
 
 Ga/. ii. 111. 
 
 Hah. Deep woods uoar Uatou llouge, Louisiana {Joor); on ralnietto 
 trunks, St. Augustine, Floritia {J. Donnell Smith). 
 In aspect like small forms of II. loitnm. 
 
 41. H. Thedenii, llartm. Did'cious: plants slender, loosely 
 cespitose ; stems very lontf, creepinjij, pinnately ramulose : leaves 
 loose, erect, open, homoinallous or falcate-secund, long, filiform- 
 acuminate from an ovate-lanceolate base, obli(piely uncinate, 
 flexuous above when dry, serrulate all around, plicate, narrowly 
 costate to below the apex ; inner pcriduetial leaves very long, 
 filiform-acuminate, serrate : capsule abruptly horizontal, short- 
 ovate, turgid ; operculum convex-conical, apiculate ; |»eristome 
 large ; teeth coarsely articulate .above ; segments and cilia (2) 
 as long as the teeth, the latter marked with ]»rominent articula- 
 tions ; annulus simple. — Skand. Fl. ed. 9, 11. Brc(cJujthecium 
 Thedenii., Urucli & Schimp. IJryol. Eur. t. 551. //. albicans^ 
 var. Thedenii^ llartm. I.e., ed. 10, 15. 
 
 IIau. Erroll Dam, Androscoggin River, New Hampshire (James). 
 
 42. H. Donnellii, Aust. Moncccious : plants small, com- 
 pressed, cespitose, bright or yellowish green, shining ; stems 
 slender, creeping, flexuous, with short thick simple brandies : 
 
 ii 
 
 m\ 
 
IIl/imum.\ 
 
 DRY ACE. E. 
 
 88D 
 
 k'iivc's ovati'-laiu'coliito, n.'irrowlv aciuninati', Htriat*', very ciitiic 
 or rart'ly distantly Hfrnilato at the api-x, Mlin;|itly lalcati', Inosily 
 iiiiltricati' ; conta iian-ow, i>tilar^i'<l at tlii' Itasc, vaiiisliiii^ in tlie 
 iniiMIe ; colls of the areolatioii lai';;(>, the uppi'i' t'tisit'onii-aciite, 
 till* basilar niinioroiis, ((uadratc ; pcrii-lm'tial Icavi's small, nearly 
 similar, ecostate : capsule Hhort-pedicelled, very small, oval, 
 siiMtori/.ontal ; operculiun conical, depressiMl ; inner peristome 
 short; se^^nients subentirc ; cilia imperfect or none. — Conlt. 
 Hot. (iaz. iv. IGli. 
 
 Hah. Hottci) wuod, roots of tntcs and slicll.s uii tlie kIicII nioiiiiil of 
 Cliiirlottu ilui'bur (rinu I»]uiul), Florida (•/. DomuU Sutitli, Annliit), 
 Miii'cli. 
 
 Tlu! siinidn short crooplnp st»'n>s, and tlio small stibhorizontiil c.ipsulo 
 arc iHH'uliur cliarat'lLTH which easily scparutt* tliin s|>fci«>s from all thu 
 others of the s^roiip. At llrst siirht it rt'semiiles //. iiiictDrtii'iiiuii, MiU'll., 
 but the operculum of this lust species is lou^ rostrat«>-sui)uhite, and thu 
 leaves are ecoslate. The basilar (juadrale areolatioii of the leaves is also 
 peculiar. 
 
 48. H. COllinum, Schleich. IMono'cious : plants small, in 
 dense hemispherical bright ujreen tufts; stems creepini;, densely 
 radiculose, ramulose ; branchlets short : leaves close, ind»ricato 
 or subseeund, lanceolate-acuminate from a broadly ovate <leeply 
 cordate base, concave, serrulate on the borders, costate to the 
 middle ; basilar cells lar«jer, chlorophyllosc, the upper hyaline ; 
 pericha'tial leaves abruptly narrowed into a short narrow point, 
 ecostate : oi)erc»dum highly convex, ol>tusely acuminate ; ])eri- 
 stonie normal; annulus conipound. — 3Iuell. Syn. ii. 4'J9. 
 lirdchytheciuvi coUinutn, IJruch & Schimj). IJryol. Vaw. t. 048. 
 
 II An. Fissures of rocks on hii,'h moiuitains; Hocky Mountains ( Dnnn- 
 mond); Colorado (l)ownie); Nevada [Wutnon); Cascade Mountains 
 (L!/(dl). 
 
 44. H. Utahense. Syna?cious: rcsemblin*; the last, from 
 which it differs in its inflorescence, its smaller size, more deli- 
 cate texture, the oblonuf-lanceolate leaves, ami the erect and 
 symmetrical cai)sule. — Urachytheciuni Ut((/ienst', James, Ijot. 
 King Exp. 409. 
 
 II AU. On sandstone rocks, overhanging dry streamlets near Hanging 
 Rock Station, Echo Cafion, Utah {Watson); Uald Mountain, Western 
 Mont<ana ( IVatson). 
 
 # ♦ Pedicel roufjh. 
 
 45. H. velutinum, Linn. Monoecious : plants in intricate 
 drooping tufts, bright or yellowish green ; stems creei)ing, 
 
 'Si 
 
I 
 
 840 
 
 DHYACE.E. 
 
 [Ilt/i'tfim. 
 
 'i 
 
 it 
 
 
 irn'^^iilaily |»inu:itt'ly riimuloHc ; lininclilotH curv»'<l at tlu' nprx: 
 Ifavi'M Hiilifalcati'-Mrciiihl, ovatc-IaiHH'olati', actiiniiiatc, HiTiulatr, 
 costati' to altovf tin' iiii«l<II«', loosely art'olat** with tVw (|iiailniti'- 
 oMoiiij alar ('('lis ; |»»'riclia'tial Iravi-M gradually narrowi'cl into n 
 loll;; point, coHtatc : caitsiilc ('(•nitioiis aii'l liori/oiital, turbid or 
 j;ilil)oiiM-<»vatt', <'oiistri(t('(| umlir tlic oriti***' when «Iry ; piMlit'cl 
 |»iir)ili', tiilu'rculatr ; li<l lar^jc, I'oiivrxconical, apiciilatc ; h»'l(- 
 iiiciitH pvi't'oratcil, aii<l cilia as loii;; as tlic teeth ; aiiiiiiliis revo- 
 |i,|,l(.. — SiMT. 1*1. IPJl); Ile.hv. Muse. Froii.I. iv. 70, t. 'J7. 
 Jii'drln/tlii-iitnn iHlntinuni, llriich &, Scliimp. Ifiyol. Kiir. t. W.\><. 
 II. t/rrlirtnn, .Mitt., .loiini. Linn. Soc. viii. >V>\, t. (5. 
 
 Il.vii. Mniiiitiiiii n';:ioiis, uii Hofl loos<! ciirlli ill Nliady plarcfl; iiioiin- 
 tiiiiis of New York, VLTiiioiit, etc.; Peml d'Oicille JUver, N. Idaho 
 ( Lj/dll}; iiol coiiiiiioii. 
 
 A vt'iy Viiiialdc H|)<M'i«'s; ])laiit8 slondcr or robust; stems more or less 
 ilivUI*'*!, uiid lliu lii'iUU'lilftM viiryiii;; in Icnutli; Inivt-s (Mohi! or iiioiu dls- 
 tiUit, Itri^lit t;ri>*'ii or yellow, opaqiio or ^iosfly; capsule Hiib^lobose or 
 oldoiii,'. on a sli»>rt or lon^; pediecl, etc. Accorilinj; to Mitleii, //. ili ell- 
 mill (lifTers fn»in the normal forms merely in tho thicker more scai)rons 
 pedicel and the capsule pendulous when old, cliaracters which in RUcli 
 polyniorphouH spt'cies cannot he considered as specific. 
 
 4<'k H. Hillebrandi, T.es'|. Moiid'cious : jdants Kiiiall, ill 
 dense intricate o;|(»ssy yellowish tiilts ; stems prostrate, irreyii- 
 larly piiinately rainul<ise ; branehes short, ra<lioulose : leaves iiii- 
 brieate, erect, rarely sul»seemi<l, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, con- 
 cave, costate tothe middle, flat or slightly reflexed on thehonh is, 
 serrulate all around ; alar cells numerous, small, (luadiate; peri- 
 clui'tial leaves ohloiiLT at base, Ljracbially short -acuminate, pel- 
 lucid, ecostato and nearly entire : capsule small, erect, turbid at 
 base, obovate, nearly o<pial, rarely incliiie<l, constricted under 
 the broad orifice when eini)ty ; pedicel short, 1 cm. loni;, red- 
 dish and roujj^h at base, yellowish and smooth above ; oi>erculuMi 
 short-conical, obtuse, apiculate; peristome normal ; segments and 
 cilia as lonu; as the teeth ; annulus simple. — Mem. Calif. Acad, 
 i. .'{8. lirachytheciam Jlillebrwidi^ Sidliv. Icon. Miisc. Suj'pl. 
 9S, t. 74. 
 
 H.vn. On rocks, Merced River, California (liolander). 
 
 47. H. Pendleri, SuUiv. & Lesq. Moiktcious and more 
 generally syiuecious: jilanta small, densely entanijied, cespitose, 
 ]>ale jjreen, ujlossy ; stems ])rostrate, radiculose, closely raniu- 
 lose ; branchlets very short, terete-foliate : leaves erect, ovate 
 or elliptical-lanceolate, narrowed into a somewhat long narrow 
 
Uyimuin,] 
 
 IJUYACK.K. 
 
 841 
 
 point, roucfivc, Horruluto and rcciirvi'd on tlio iMJnlci-M, roxt.ito 
 to altovf tlu' niitMlf ; ct-l'i vi-rv n:in'n\vlv liiu-iir, <'iil;ii''('<l at tlio 
 antxics ; inner piTiclui'tial icavcH oMunuS aliniptly lon^r.^ciniii. 
 natc; coHta ahnoKt none: capsule olilon;^, reixnlar and Hiiliereet, 
 or slightly inclinetl an<l more convex on one sitje, on a purplu 
 petlicel roiiu[h at the base only; lid lari;e, ohtnsely lon^^-conical, 
 constricti'd in tlic middle, niainillate ; teeth densely articitlate, 
 liyaline-tnarLrinate ; sei^ments lari^e ; cilia solitary and short or 
 none; annuliis (hmhie, revolnhle. — Mnsc. Ilor.-Anier. Kxsic<*. 
 n. '\'\{ ', Siilliv. .Mosses <»t' r. States, 7<», and Icon. Mnsc. |S<>, 
 t. 117. /.rsh-en Fetnlht'i^ Sulliv. Mem. .\mer. Acad. iv. Hi!), 
 t. 1. //. rilnthiHhi^ var. hu'irnrtd'/ttnit, .Mitell. Syn. ii. 4(1(1. 
 
 II.vn. Oil rooks noiir Siinta Vo, Now .Mt-xlro { l-'iinlhr). 
 
 HemMithlcs tlit> lust ill si/(> mill iial)it, but in «>!iHily rcco^nl?.*')! by its 
 longer cnpHiilt* aiitl lon^or oporciiliiiii; tlio hatiiiir ccIN art; t'l'w aiitl largo 
 In this species, and llic pcristoiiui Is of a diffi'n'iit cliaracter. 
 
 4H. H. Bolanderi, Les'i. Diu'cions: tufts compact or 
 loose and widely ex|»anded, j)alo ^reeii ; stems irrei;ularly 
 divided ; liranches lonj;, tlexuous or riyid, sul»erect, siihpimiati'ly 
 ramulose: leaves open-erect, ovate-lanceolate, short-acuminate, 
 flat on the horders, serrulate all around, costate to ahove the 
 middle; areolation loose, the alar cells few, distinct, oldoiiix- 
 (piadrate, pelliu'id ; upper |)erichjL'tial leaves hroa<lly sheathinuf 
 nt base, narrowed into a tlexuous or reflexed nerrulate loni^ 
 j)olnt, ohsoletely costato : capsule short-oval, yihhoiis, hori- 
 zontal; operculum short-conical, brown, tipped with black; 
 pedicel short, blood-red, arcuate above, rouufh ; scLrments sjilit 
 their whole lenujth ; cilia two, as lonu^ as the seixments; annulu» 
 lan^e, compound, revoluble. — Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. xiii. I'J ; 
 Sulliv. it LeH(|. Muse. Bor.-Amer. Exsicc. (ed. U), n. ^O'J. 
 
 IIaij. On the ground, under Umhcllularid CoUfurnlcn (llohnvler). 
 
 Willi the aspect of //. SulUvantU, but distinguished at once by its short- 
 conical operculum. 
 
 41). H. Starkii, Brid. Mona'cious : more or less densely 
 tufted ; stems prostrate, branchinp: ; brnnchlets erect, arcuate 
 at the apex : stem-leaves obcordate, lanceolate-acuminate, half- 
 twisted at the point, those of the branches narrower, all <lccur- 
 rent at the basilar concave angles, serrate, costate to below the 
 point, bright green and glossy ; meshes of the areolation loose, 
 hexagonal-rhomboidal, the alar large, quadrate ; i)erichaetial 
 leaves squarrose, the inner ecostate, pale : capsule abruptly 
 
 ; 
 
 t ■, 
 
Pfif? 
 
 342 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 [Ui/pnum. 
 
 it!' 
 
 MH. 
 
 ■r 
 
 i 
 
 horizontal, short-ovate, turgid, solid, lilack when old, i»olished 
 and su1>gl<)l»ose when empty ; lid convex-eonleal ; segments 
 sj)lit ()i)en; cilia apiKMidieulate; annulus large. — Muse. IJecent. 
 ii. 2. 107. Jiniclujthecium SOxrkii^ Brueh & Schimp. Uryol. 
 Eur. t. 541. 
 
 II AH. Mountains of New England (Oaken); Pennsylvania (James). 
 
 Variable in its more or less robust character and longer subcreeping 
 pinnately ranmlose stems. In its slender state the species resembles the 
 next. It is generally of a darker green color. 
 
 50. H. reflexum, Starke. Mona'cious : entwining, widely 
 cespitose, flat, pale or yellowish green ; stems slender long- 
 procumbent, more or less pinnately ramulose ; branches and 
 branchlets curved : stem-leaves more distant, spreading, sub- 
 secund on the branchlets, broadly ovate, more or less abruptly 
 subiiliform-acuminate, decurrent at base, miniitely serrate all 
 around; costa subjuTcu.rent ; alar cells looselj oval-quadrate; 
 perichfetial leaves ecostate : cajjsule L-mall, ovate-globose, solid, 
 abruj>tly horizontal ; operculum convex-conical, apiculate ; seg- 
 ments sjdit nearly their whole length ; cilia slenilor, appendicu- 
 late; annulus narrow. — \V».^>. & Mohr, Bot. Tasch. 306 and 
 476; Schwaegr. Sup])l. ii. 1. 161, t. 143. Brachythecium re- 
 ^ffe.rian, Bruch & Schimp. 1. c, t. 539. II. siibtenue, James, 
 Proc. Acad. Pliilad. 1855, 447. 
 
 IlAn. Gorham, New Hampshire (J'ames); Garrett County, Maryland 
 (J. Donnell Smith). 
 
 51. H. CBdipodium, Mitt. Monoecious : stems procum- 
 bent, loosely ces|)itose, subpinnately divided ; branches radicu- 
 lose : leaves broadly ovate-acuminate, cost'^te to the middle, 
 serrulate on the borders ; cells ot" the basal angles numerous, 
 quadrate ; i)ericha3tial leaves convolute, broadly elliptical-acumi- 
 nate, s"rrulate at the apex, ecostate : capside inclined, oval, un- 
 symmetrical ; pedicel thick, minutely scabrous ; lid conical ; 
 ])eristome normal ; cilia two, appendiculate. — Journ. Linn. Soc. 
 viii. 32, t. 5. 
 
 IlAn. Lake Huron ( Todd) ; Pack River and Rocky Mountains (Lyall) ; 
 Bitterroot Mountains, N. W. Montana ( Watson). 
 
 Like //. Starkii in the thick seta and appearance of the capsule, but 
 the leav 3 differ in texture, and in drying do not become striated. 
 
 52. H. rutabulum, Linn. Monoecious : loosely cespitose, 
 bright or yellowish green, scarcely glossy; stems prostrate, 
 creeping ; branches and branchlets erect, gradually attenuate to 
 
r^>V 
 
 Hi/pmun.] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 343 
 
 the ajK'X' : loaves open, broadly ovate-lanceolate, jTradiially acu- 
 minate, narrowed and cordate at l>ase, not inflated at the anirles, 
 obscurely |tHeate, serrate all around, costate to above the mid- 
 dle; areolation loose, rhomboidal, the alar cells lart^e, the basi- 
 lar oblonuf or hexai^onal ; jterichiutial leaves abruptly narrowed 
 into a filitorm point, retlexed from the middle: eajtsule oblong 
 or ovate, turgid, subarcuate, solid, chestnut-color, brown when 
 old; pedicel long and strong, purjjle, very rough; operculuiu 
 large, convex-conical, aciuninate; segments split in the middle; 
 cilia as long as the segments, two or three, not appen<liculate ; 
 annulus double. — Spec. PI. 1124; Hedw. iMusc. Frond, iv. 2!), 
 t. 12. Jinichi/theciuni ratal^iduui, Ijruch & Schimj>. ]>ryol. 
 Eur. t. 543. 
 
 Var. longisetum, Ibid. Stem long, subpinnately ramu- 
 lose, loosely foliate: capsule oblong, subincurved on a very long 
 slender ]»edicel. 
 
 Var. flavescens, Krid. Stems and branches very long, 
 prostrate, fla'K'id : leaves very broad, more abruptly acuminate, 
 soft, yellowish green. 
 
 Var. plumulosum. Small, soft, with short branchlets: 
 leaves ovate-lanceolate, narrowly acuminate, glossy. — liruch & 
 Schiinp. 1. c, as liracJu/thecium. 
 
 Var. densum. Branchlets close: leaves crowded, loosely 
 imbricate, dark green : cajjsule short-i>edicellate, thick. — IJruch 
 & Schlmp. 1. c. 
 
 Var. robustum. Stems prostrate, long; branches and 
 branchlets stout: leaves close, broader, bright green. — IJruch 
 & Schimp. 1. c. 
 
 IlAn. Common on shaded ground, roots of trees, and stones; plains 
 and mountains; W. Humboldt Mountains, Nevada ( Watnon). 
 
 A very variable species, often confounded with //. salebrnsum, from 
 which it differs in the scarcely plicate, less long-acuminate and less glossy 
 leaves, and the very scabrous pedicel. 
 
 53. H. asperrimum, Mitt. Closely resembling the last, 
 from which it differs in the dioecious inflorescence, the stems 
 more rigid, the leaves narrower, oblong-lanc» o! -te, acuminate 
 and scarcely plicate, the alar cells quadrate, smaller, less numer- 
 ous and not granulose, the pedicel very rough, and the oper- 
 culum abruptly longer-apiculate. — Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 33, 
 t. 6. 
 
 Hab. British Columbia (Douglas, Lyall); California (Bolander). 
 
844 
 
 BRYACE/E. 
 
 [Tll/pmtm. 
 
 Ir f 
 
 : 
 
 54. H. Campestre, IJmch. Monopcious: tufts loose, pale 
 yellowish green or yellow, glossy ; steins j)rostrate or aseending, 
 more or less densely branching and raniulose, densely foliate: 
 leaves erect, open, ovate-lanceolate, subulate-acuminate, serru- 
 late, narrowly costate to the middle, irregularly j>licate, glossy, 
 the pericluetial abruptly filiform-acuminate, recurved from the 
 middle: capsule oblong-cylindrical, cernuous and subarcuate ; 
 pedicel rough in the ui)per part only; annulus simple; o])er- 
 cidum and i>eristome as in //. ratabalum. — //. rutabuldm, var. 
 campestre^ Muell. Syn. ii. 3G8. Jirachythecium cwiijjestre^ 
 Bruch & Schimj). liryol. Eur. t. 545. 
 
 II Au. White Mountains, fertile (Oukes, James); SanJ Lake, Colorado 
 (Ilai/den, 1873), sterile; Ca>ur il'Alene Lake, N. Idaho, and on Kettle 
 Itiver, British Columbia ( Wntnon). 
 
 55. H. NovaB-AngliaB, Sulliv. & Lcsq. Dia'cious : loosely 
 and widely cespitose ; tufts rigid, bright green outside, dirty 
 yellow within ; stems subprostrate, irregularly subpinnately 
 ramulose ; branchlets terete-foliate, not attenuated, subjula- 
 ceous : leaves erect, incurved, very broadly ovate, decurrent, 
 short, narrowly acuminate, costate to the middle, serrulate all 
 around, very concave, not i)licate ; areolation narrowly oblong- 
 hexagonal, shorter and broader at the basilar angles ; i)erichai- 
 tial leaves ovate, abru|)tly long-acuminate, recurved from the 
 middle, subecostate : capsule oblong, en.'ct, slightly curved ; 
 pedicel short, very rough, purple; operculum long-conical, acu- 
 minate ; jieristome normal ; annulus double, large. — Muse. Bor.- 
 Amer. Exsicc. n. 338 ; Sulliv. Mosses of U. States, 7G, and 
 Icon. Muse. 191, t. 118. 
 
 Hah. 
 
 Mountains of New England. 
 
 Resembles the following, from which it differs in its smaller size, tufts 
 more compact and less spreading, leaves more compact and not glossy nor 
 plicate, areolation shorter, etc. 
 
 56. H. rivulare, Bruch, Ms. Dioecious, the male plants 
 smaller : tufts thick, dirty green ; stems prostrate, hard, woody, 
 naked or radiculose ; branches ascending or erect, subarcuate, 
 diversely ramulose toward the apex : leaves open, large, broadly 
 ovate, abruptly short-acuminate, serrulate, concave, slightly or 
 not at all sulcate, flat or reflexed on the borders, narrowly cos- 
 tate to above the middle : capsule large, ovate-oblong or turgid- 
 ovate, solid, cernuous and horizontal ; pedicel thick and long, 
 scabrous ; peristome normal ; annulus. double. — Lindb. Muse. 
 
Ilypnum.] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 845 
 
 Scand. 35. JT. chnjaostomumy Miiell. Syn. ii. 301^, not Miclix. 
 Urachytlieciiim rii'nlnre, JJruch &> Schiinp. IJryol. Eur. t. r)40. 
 
 Hau. Swamps ami wet gruiiiul, in woods and mountains; not com- 
 mon. N. W. Montana ( Watnon). 
 
 IJesembles //. rutnhitliim, but the branches are stronger, divide<l near 
 the apex and often den(h-oid, tlie leaves broader, glossy, short-aciuninate, 
 and not plicate, llowei's di<i'cious, etc. 
 
 57. H. populeum, Iledw. ^Moiupcious : tufts H.at, i^reen, 
 somewhat glossy ; stems creeping ; brandies ami hranchlets 
 oreet or incurved, attenuate at the apex : leaves ovate and ob- 
 long, lanceolate, gra<lually long-acuminate, c<mcave ; borders 
 flat, serrulate upward ; costa ])ercurrent ; areolation very nar- 
 row ; alar and basilar cells larger, <pia(b'angul.'ir-oblong : calyp- 
 tra large: capsule cernuous, ovate, turgid or gibbous, inflated 
 at the neck, glossy, conti'acted under the oriflce when empty ; 
 j>edicel purple, slightly scabrous above, smooth toward the base ; 
 segments sj)! it ; cilia one or two, short or unecpial, appendicu- 
 hite; annulus simple, narrow, persistent. — S])ec. Muse. 270, 
 t. 70. //. vii'i(k\ Lam. ; Lindb. Muse. Scaiul. 35. Jirachi/t/te- 
 cium popxleion, liruch & Schimp. Uryol. Eur. t. 535, 536. Ji. 
 plfwiosH))i^ var. reffexunt^ Austin. 
 
 Var. majus. 3Iore robust and densely foliate : leaves 
 longer. — liruch &' Schimj). 1. c, as Jir<(rhifthe<:it()n. 
 
 Var. longisetum. Larger and more rigid : leaves erect or 
 subsecund : ca])sule long-pedicellate. — Bruch & Schimp. I. c. 
 
 Var. SUbfalcatum. Slender; 'oran^'ies incurved: leaves 
 subfalcate, soft, glossy. — Bruch & Schimp. 1. c. 
 
 Hah. Plains and mountains of the Atlantic Slates; mostly on granite 
 boulders. 
 
 58. H. plumosum, Swartz. ]\[o!i(L'cious : plants more 
 robust than in the last ; tufts short, dense, yellowish or dirty 
 green ; stems hard, densely ramose ; brandies mostly 8imj)le, 
 ei oct or arcuate, densely foliate, pinnately ramulose : leaves 
 open or homomallous, broadly ovate or deltoid-ovate, short, 
 obliquely acuminate, entire, solid, shining, costate to tlie mid- 
 dle : capsule slightly longer than in the last, but of the same 
 form, light brown, black when old ; pedicel smooth Vjelow ; 
 peristome ]>erfect ; cilia two, as long as the segments, appendicu- 
 late ; annulus simple and persistent. — Muse. Suec. 66. H. 
 pseudo-pi umosutn, Brid. Muse. Recent, ii. 2. 108 ; Muell. Syn. 
 ii. 350 ; Lindb. I. c. H. chrysostomum^ Michx. Fl. Bor.-Am. 
 
 'tyy$ 
 
;■ ( 
 
 I n ! i i 
 
 w 
 
 ( , 
 
 i: 1 
 
 :i m 
 
 U 
 
 la 
 
 'Kit 
 
 & 
 
 
 346 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 [Tfypnum. 
 
 ii. 310. J^rac/n/thecium plumosum^ Briich & Schimp. Bryol. 
 Eiir. t. 5vi7. 
 
 Var. homomallum. Small ; branches falcate : leaves 
 secimd, narrower: capsule small, ovate. — Briich & Schimj). 
 1. c, as liruchi/thechun, 
 
 ILvn. Moist rocks in mountains, and borders of waterfalls; South and 
 North; cunnnon and varial)!*;. 
 
 More roi)Ust than the last, with broader and shortei"-acuniinate leaves, 
 dirty yellow; capsule longer; habitat suba^uatic. 
 
 Subgenus IX. SCLEROPODIITM. 
 
 IIal)it and mode of growth of BracJii/thecium. Areolation 
 still narrower vermicular, much enlarged and hyaline at the de- 
 current base. Flowers dia'cious. Capsule suberect or ccrnuous, 
 oblong-cylindrical or ovate, more or less incurved. Pedicel 
 rough. Teeth of the i)eristome lamellate on the inside ; seg- 
 ments split on the keel ; cilia two or three, as long as the 
 segments, aj^pendiculate. Annulus double. — /Sderqpoiliumy 
 Schimp. 
 
 59. H. CSBSpitoSUm, Wils. Densely cesi)ito8e, the tufts 
 
 briglit or dirty green, soft ; stems rooting, densely ramulose ; 
 
 branchlets erect or incurved : leaves soft, oj^en or subsecund, 
 
 loosely imbricate when dry, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, those 
 
 of the branches oblong-lanceolate, acute or blunt at the apex, 
 
 all concave, minutely serrulate all around, costate to above the 
 
 middle, the costa sometimes forking : capsule suberect, oblong- 
 
 subcylindrical, slightly incurved ; operculum convex, rostellate. 
 
 — Engl. Bot. Suppl. t. 2878, and Bryol. Brit. 344, t. 55. 
 
 Scleropodium cmspitosum^ Bruch & Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 556. 
 
 Had. On the ground, and upon shaded rocks among redwoods, Cali- 
 fornia (Boionder); Alaska (JieMofirj/); not common. 
 
 60. H. Oalifornicum, Lesq. Differing evidently from the 
 last in its loosely intricate tufts and slender stems with long 
 filiform branches: leaves ovate-lanceolate, more or less long- 
 pointed, mostly entire, rarely or slightly serrulate at the apex ; 
 the costa longer, vanishing below the apex ; basilar cells more 
 numerous, small, nearly square, generally filling the whole base 
 of the leaves: capsule longer, cylindrical-oblong, pale green, 
 subcernuous; pedicel longer, rough and reddish in the upper 
 
Ilyjmum,] 
 
 miYACE.E. 
 
 847 
 
 part only, smooth and yellow below ; lid large, conical, maniiU 
 hile. — Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe. xiii. 13. 
 
 II AH. On rocks aiul dry siuul, near the bay of San Francisco ilio- 
 l(iiiiler). 
 
 01. H. illecebrum, Schwaegr. In more or less dense 
 yellowish or dirty green tufts; stems irregularly branching, 
 8ul)|»innately ramulose ; hranchlets short, arcuate, turgid and 
 ohtuso at the apex : leaves erect-spreading when moist, ind)ri- 
 cate when dry, ovate, with a sh()rt recurved acute j)oint, very 
 concave, minutely serrate at the apex, shining; costa ascending 
 to above the middle, rarely forked : cajtsule horizontal, turgid, 
 ovate, brown, often of two colors; pedicel thick, very rough; 
 ojierculum convex-conical, apiculate. — Sjtec. ^lusc. ii. 225. 
 jSclerojxx/iion illecehrwti, liriu'h & Schimp. liryol. F^ur. t. 557. 
 
 Haij. Sliatly sandy ground, San Francisco, California (Bolamler, 
 Glbhons); Alaska (KflUxju). 
 
 Very variable; secondary stems sometimes dendroid. 
 
 SuRGExus X. ISOTIIECIUM. 
 
 Primary stems creeping, the secondary erect, more or less 
 dendroid ; branches close, fasciculate, curved on one side, or 
 flagellate and stolonifcrous. Leaves small, close, open or im- 
 bricate when dry, ovate-oblong, acute or acuminate, rarely 
 smooth, more or less distinctly papillose on the back, costate to 
 the middle or above ; areolation minute, vermicular-oblong, the 
 basilar short-angidar or ovate. Inflorescence dia'cious. Capsule 
 regular, suberect, oval-oblong. Ojierculum short-rostrate. Pedi- 
 cel smooth, except in the last species. — Isothecium^ I>rid. 
 
 The type of this subgenus is //. myomroidPH, placed by Schlmper in 
 Eurhynch'uim. Some of the American species described liere have a 
 marked resemblance to that moss, differing essentially In the areolation 
 being slightly papillose. 
 
 62. H. myosuroides, Linn. Tufts soft, pale green ; 
 primary stems slender, long-creeping and radiculose, with small 
 leaves; secondary stems erect, branching and tree-like, very 
 ramulose, flagelliform ; branches and branchlets inclined to the 
 same side : leaves of the secondary stem spreading, cordate- 
 lanceolate and narrowly acuminate, the rameal gradually nar- 
 rower and oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, those upon the 
 
If*" 
 
 . i 
 
 VI: 
 
 r 
 i! 
 
 ■ i. 
 
 11 
 
 i 
 
 848 
 
 UUVACKJi:. 
 
 [Ilyimnm. 
 
 branclilets more or loss distinct, sometimos sccund, minutely 
 serrnto all annm<l, narrowly oostatf to ahovc the nrhMk*, con- 
 cave at the angles; areolation very close and narrow, the alar 
 yellow ; iierichictial leaves sheathini^ at liase, i.hruittly narrowed 
 into a lonir slender recurved tlexuous point, the inner only 
 thinly costate: capsule cernuous or suhhori/ontal l>y the curv- 
 iiitif of the pedicel, oval-ohlonu;; operculum short-rostrate; cilia 
 shorter than the se^^nu'nts ; annulus lar<j;e. — S|>ec. 1*1. IIIJO. 
 Isot/ieciutn nn/imuroiifis^ Hrid, IJryol. Univ. ii. 8(11); liryol. Eur. 
 t. 55J4. KiirhiindiUuii nn/oHi(roid(.\% JSchimp. Syn. <)A\). 
 
 Hah. On trci's; Novji JScotia (Jatuvs); White Mountains (Oafccs); 
 California ( //(>/(Oir/rc, WntHttn); Oivgon (Hull). 
 
 03. H. Stoloniferum, II(M)k. Kamification as in the last, 
 the i>lants !j;enerally larger ; branch-leaves more crowded, densely 
 ind)ricate when dry, more elli|»tical, minutely j)apillose on the 
 back, costate beyond the middle, more distinctly serrate : cap- 
 sule dro()j»inii:; cilia as lonij as the scixments. — IMusc. Exot. 
 t. 74 ; Mitt. .lourn. Linn. Soc. viii. .'U; Les<i. Mem. Calif. Acad, 
 i. 31 ; Sulliv. & Lescp Muse. IJor.-Am. Exsicc. (ed. 2), n. 4'J5. 
 Isot/ieciiun stolon f/enan, IJrid. 1. c. 371. JI. niyoauroiiles^ var. 
 stoloniferum, jNIuell. Syn. ii. 500. 
 
 IlA«. Coiuinon on tieos upon the Pacific Coast, from California to 
 Alaska (Fort ColviJle, Walloon), and very variable. The species varies 
 even upon the same tuft, according to ilejiree of exposure to fog and wind. 
 The characters of the next five species cannot be considered permanent. 
 
 64. H. spiculiferum, Mitt. Leaves (below the pcri- 
 chnptium) lanceolate-acuminate from a cordate-ovate base, 
 smooth, nerved ior three-fourths of the length, the borders 
 reflexed below, serrulate above ; np]ier leaves narrower, papil- 
 lose on the back, those of the branclilets elliptical-lanceolate, 
 very acute, concave, acutely papillose on the back, the costa 
 denticulate at the apex, and the borders i)Iane and eerrulate; 
 pericha^tial leaves erect, oblono: at base, serrulate, recurved 
 above, costate to above the middle: capsule short-pedicelled, 
 oblong, subsymmetrical, horizontal ; operculum conical ; seg- 
 ments cleft between the articulations; cilia solitary. — Journ. 
 Linn. Soc. viii. 34. 
 
 Hab. British Columbia (LyalU BoxKjlan). 
 
 Habit of H. myosurnides, with the branclilets more attenuated and 
 more curved, and the whole plant a little larger. It appears to differ from 
 H. stoloniferum in its more slender habit, more abundant papillae on the 
 
IFi/pnwn.] 
 
 nUYACE.K. 
 
 849 
 
 brnnch-leaves, the rcflftxed margins of the utotn-loavcs, tlio more stroui^ly 
 oim-iierviMl periclKutltil Iwives, aiul the solitary oiiiii. — {Mltlvn). 
 
 «;">. H. aCUtiCUSpiS, Mitt. I. c. Loaves loosely iniltrioato; 
 tli(»sc! Ih'Iow the peric'liietimn eordate-ov.ite, narrowly loii«.'. 
 acuminate, iniiiutely serrulate on the l»oi<U'rs, nearly smooth at 
 the eus|»i(hit(! apex, with a very short ditTused costa, forkiniL; or 
 entire, vanishinj^ in the michlle ; eellsof the hasal angles ohseiired 
 or dusky; leaves of the hranehlets elliptieal-ovate, acute, ser- 
 rulate, nerve«l to the middle, smooth on the hack; the jteri- 
 chu'tial suhulato from an ohloiiLj ec<jstate base, recurved, very 
 entii'e: capsule on a short pedicel, oval, inclined ; lid conical ; 
 cilia two, siiorter. 
 
 II AH. IJritisIi Coluinbia {I)niifil(ts). 
 
 Mitten, wlio had seen only two stems of this moss, says that It may ho 
 II. Ilrcwrriimiini, Lt'scp, but tliat tlit; descriplion of tliat species is not 
 sulIicMently i>omi)lute to l)e (|uite certain. 
 
 ()<>. H. Brewerianum, Les-j. In com|)act dark tijreen or 
 yellowish jj;reen tufts; stems creepinjr, sim|)le at hase, radicti- 
 lose, fasciculately branchini? above; branches simple, erect, or 
 subcurved, jidaceous when <lrv, narrowed towar<l the base or 
 inHated in the middle: leaves imbricate, appressed when dry, 
 open when damp, those of the stem distant, broadly ovate- 
 lanceolate, lonij-acmuinate, serridate at the apex, the costa dis- 
 appearing in the middle; branch-leaves shorter an<l broa<ler, 
 broadly ovate-lanceolate, short-acuminate, shar])ly serridato 
 above, costatii to above the middle; areolatlon at base ovate, 
 obli(pie and irregular, oval in the middle, l)roader and rhom- 
 boidal-ol)tusc toward the ajtex, subpaplllose: cajtsule erect, 
 cyHndrical-ovate, turgid below, constricted under the orifice; 
 operculum conical-rostellate or conical-acute ; cilia two, robust, 
 equal to the segments. — Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. xiii. 12. 
 
 Var. lutescens. Pale dirty yellow ; branches longer, sto- 
 loniferous: periduetial leaves shorter, acuminate, serrulate; 
 areolation shorter and broader: capsule longer, subcernuous; 
 cilia slender. 
 
 II.\n. Granite rocks near Mission Dolores {liolander); Monterey 
 (If '(//.son); Sierra Nevada {lirewer). 
 
 The color of the plants, due to exposure to the sun, the compact tufts, 
 tlie branches nearly simple, rarely attenuated or stoloniferous, terete or 
 julaceous by the imbrication of the leaves, the capsule somewhat longer 
 and generally erect, are the essential characters separating this species 
 from II. stolonij'erum. 
 
 I 
 
350 
 
 BRYACEvE. 
 
 [llypnum. 
 
 
 I. : 
 
 kf 
 
 07. H. aggregatum, Mitt. l*riinary stems ciTcitiiiLf; 
 branclu'S erect, elosely jitrufres^ated, simple, ciirve<I, attenuate: 
 lower leaves s|»rea<liiijj;, broadly hastate, ovate-aeuminate, siib- 
 ecostate; those on the mi(hlie of the branehes broadly ovate; 
 those near the top eostate-acuminate, subjulaeeoiis, iirdirieate, 
 serrulate toward the acute apex, the medial nerve prominent; 
 pericluetial leaves ovale-laaceolate, actiminate, nerved to the 
 middle, serrate and retlexed at the apex : capsule cylindrical, 
 irre;j;ular, inclined; operculum conical, acuminate; segments 
 narrow; cilia solitary, half as long as the segments. — Juurn. 
 Linn. Soc. viii. Jia, t. 0. 
 
 Hah. Vancouver' Island {Li/all); British Columbia {Domjldft). 
 
 Tlie autlior compan^s it, on aocouut of liic julaceou» imbrioatiou of tlje 
 leaves, to some states of I'terotfoniiun (jrdcUe, while other stems with less 
 iinbricat(!(l leaves have a resemblance to //. myunun. 
 
 68. H. aplocladum, Mitt. 1. c. Stems procumbent, radic- 
 ulose, curved downward at the summit; branches few, nearly 
 simple, often attenuate, recurved at the apex : leaves s]>reading, 
 cuspidate, imbricate, on the upper ])art of the branches ovate, 
 acute, very entire, costate to below the ]>oint; those at the top 
 of the branches broader, more obtuse, serrulate ; alar cells round- 
 quadrate, obscure, the upper oblong; perichtetial leaves long, 
 erect, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, nerved to above the middle, 
 serrulate at the a]>ex: ca|)sule suberect, oval-cylindrical ; oi)er- 
 culum convex, acuminate ; pedicel long, nearly smooth. 
 
 Hah. Northwest coast of America (Doiujlas). 
 
 Mitten states that it is not unlike //. acuminatum, Beauv., but tliat the 
 leaves are quite smooth and the habit appears to be different. The rough- 
 ness of the pedicel is so slight that it is seen only when specially sought. 
 
 09. H. lentum, Mitt. Dia'cious: leaves spreading, loosely 
 imbricate, cuspidate-imbricatc at the top of the branches, the 
 lower broader and shorter, in the middle ovate and shoi't- 
 acuminate, those of the branchlets ovate-lanceolate or at the 
 ai)ex broader and more obtuse, narrowly serrulate, costate to 
 above the middle ; cells at the basal angles broader, mixed with 
 narrow ones, and with thickish walls, the upper narrow ; peri- 
 cluDtial leaves ecostate, clasping at base, serrulate, recurved, 
 entire at the apex : capsule oval-cylindrical, suberect, irregular ; 
 pedicel rough ; segments solid, with single cilia equalling them 
 in length ; membrane produced to one-third the length of the 
 teeth. — Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 36. 
 

 Ut/pnum.] 
 
 BKYACE.E. 
 
 351 
 
 IIaij. Northwest coast of America (UomjlaH). 
 
 Differs from //. mtloclndnm in its n-nj^u nedicel and hroatier leaves, the 
 poriehii'tiai spread in;:. A few fra;;inenls of lliis sjieeies only have been 
 seen. It ai>p«>ars to i)e aixxit tin! si/.e of th(> eoininon //. niifuniin. Tlie 
 seuhroiis seta of tills moss may he eonsidered a new fealine in the suh- 
 fjenns to which it is here referred, hut after <'onsiderai ion of the characters 
 which constitute the ;j;roup Inothccinin, it l)i!eoines evident that it cannob 
 be delined distinctly from the groups Jirar/ii/theciuiu and Sclfropudium 
 of Schlmper. — (Mitten.) 
 
 SiiMJKNUs XI. EUUIIVNCIIirM. (PI. 0.) 
 Plants more or less distinctly |)iiuiatc'-ranuilosc'. Leavos 
 open, rarely siibsecund, conlate at base and deeiirrent, broadly 
 ovate or oblonj^, acuminate, serrate all around, costate, sulv 
 scarlous, rarely soft; cells smooth, or slij^htly iiajdllose in some 
 American species, narrowly rhomboidal, subvermicular, enlarged 
 at the basal angles. Perichtetial bnd rooting. Calyptra fuga- 
 cious. Capsule on a rough or smooth pe«licel, cernuous or 
 horizontal, oval-oblong. Operculum more or less long-rostratc. 
 Peristome of JJracht/thecium. Annulus compotmd, rarely none. 
 — Eurhynchhnn., Schimp. 
 
 # Leaves narrowhf areolate, ffhssi/, strittte. 
 •h- Pedicel smooth ; Jioicers momecions or pseudo-tnoncecious. 
 
 70. H. StrigOSUm, Iloffm. In loose flat mats or in dense 
 inflated tufts; primary steins creeping, stoloniferous, with dis- 
 tant leaves, the secondary j)rostrate or erect, ramulose ; branch- 
 lets gradually attenuate, sometimes flagelliform : leaves open, 
 ovate or triangular-lanceolate upon the branchlets and gradually 
 narrowly acnminate, those of the small branchlets short and 
 less acute, or blunt at the apex ; ])araphyllia small, round-ovate ; 
 cells narrowly rhomboidal, the alar oval-(iua«b"ate and larger: 
 flowers pseudo-monoecious; annual buds of male flowers, con- 
 taining antheridia without paraphyses, adhering to the radicles 
 of fertile plants; perichajtial leaves abruj)tly narrowed into a 
 long filiform flexuous point, with a thin costa or ecostate: cap- 
 sule cernuous and subhorizontal, oval-oblong or suljcylindrical, 
 broadly annulate ; operculum rostrate, convex at base ; teeth 
 narrowly lamellose inside ; cilia two, slender, not appendiculate, 
 a little shorter than the segments. — Deutschl. Fl. ii. 76. H. 
 
 ' 'i 
 
852 
 
 BHYACE.E. 
 
 [lll/pnum. 
 
 i 
 
 »|i. 
 
 yii 
 
 ^1 
 
 
 pnk'hellnm^ TI(m1w. Spec. 3Iusc. *1{\\ t. fiS. Eurhynchium 
 8tri(/osH>n, nnifh it Si'ltiiii)). IJryol. Kur. t. >t\\). 
 
 II All, Mitiily siiiidy i;n)Uiitl, in hilly n-^'lutis and niuiintuitiH; c-uinmon. 
 
 71. H. diverslfolium, Sthimp. Mm. iMuch like the last; 
 
 tuftH inoiv coinpact, dirty yt'llow, Mtoloiiit'tTous; lu-anclit's aii<l 
 
 brauclilcts shorli-r, ort'ct, julaceous: ln-aiu'h-lcavt'H closer, those 
 
 of the braiichlels ovate, ohtuse, narrowly eostatc or ceostate, 
 
 more distinctly serrulate; i»erichjetial leaves Hul»H(iuarrose, 
 
 ceostate. — KiirlnfncUhun dlvevsifoliiiiH^ IJrnch & Schiinp. 
 
 JJryol. Kiir. t. i")'JO. //. striyosnm^ var. diiHrni/oliutfi, Linilh. 
 
 iVIiisc. Scand. .•]4. 
 
 Haii. Dry sandy lillh, under chestnut trees, Ohio (Ltsf/Hcn «/); 
 shaded bunks, New .Jersey {Aiititin). 
 
 7'J. H. Boscii, Schwacjjjr. I'laiits robust, in wide loose dark 
 sjfolden yellow mats; steins prostrate, subpinnatcly branchin;^; 
 branches mostly sinij)le, obtuse, tur<;id, terete-foliate : leaves 
 closely imbricate, claspinu; at base, oblon;j;-ovate, narrowe«l to a 
 twisted filiform point, ccjclil iform, concave, scarious, shinin<^, 
 shortly bicostate or siin|>ly costate to the inid<lle; areolation 
 narrowly linear, the basilar cells shorter, thick, yellowish brown; 
 j)ericluetial leaves narrowly lonu;-acuminate, the inner erect : 
 capsule oblouif, erect-incurved, amndate; segments more or less 
 split; cilia three, solid, and nearly as long. — Suppl. 1. 2. Iili3 ; 
 SuUiv. Mosses of U. States, 70, and Icon. Muse. 1G7, 1. 106. J/. 
 illecebrut)), Iledw. Sjiec. Muse. 'J52, t. GO, excl. syn. 
 
 II.M*. On tl»e ground and on sandstone roclts in liilly wooded districts; 
 not unconnnon, but rarely in fruit. 
 
 This fine moss is without close analogy to any other species. 
 
 ••- ■♦- Pedicel rouyh. 
 
 73. H. COlpophyllum, Sulliv. Ms. Tufts soft, wide, 
 dirty green; stems prostrate; branchlets close, erect, tumid: 
 leaves scarious, open, loosely incumbent, ovate, concave, 
 abruptly acuminate, blunt at the ajjex ; costa stout, i)rominent 
 on the back, abruptly disappearmg above the middle and 
 tootheu at the apex ; areolation long-linear, acutely hexagonal, 
 the alar and basilar cells nearly similar: capsule cylindrical- 
 oblong, slightly incurved, constricted under the orifice when 
 em])ty ; operculum conical at base, rostrate ; peristome normal ; 
 annulus double. — Eurhynchium colpophyllum, Sulliv. Icon. 
 Muse. Suppl. 95, t. 71. 
 
Ujfpnum.\ 
 
 nUYACE.E. 
 
 353 
 
 Ham. rftllfornia {Uif/dmr, \M4). 
 
 Siiiiiliir to tilt' Kiin»|M'im //. rriinxliurrhDii, dUTorln'^' ospoclally In tho 
 Hrai'ioiiH li*av*'M with » slioitcr hliiiil point, tli*^ costii nol lliii k, luni tlic 
 ai'uoliilioii loii^iT uitil niiri'owt'r, tli«> pniflia'tial Iouvoh couHtatc, and tiiu 
 ca|)siil«! I()ii;;i'r ati<l olilon^r-cylliiilrlcal. 
 
 74. H. piliferum, Sclin-h. IMrmts in'«'t;iil:ifly aiitl luoMcIy 
 cc's|iittts('; stems Ioiilj, tK-xiious, |>n»stratc, in'cu;iil:irly lif.iiicliiiii;, 
 Hiil»|)iiiii;itflv rittiiiilosc, without r.'ulicU's: Icavt's stuiu'U lial luusc, 
 t'i'cct, ()|»«'n, ov!itc'-!»l»l()iiir, iilini|itly nairowctl into a lon^; iian»»\v 
 flcxiioiis point, coiH'.ivc, tln' Itasilar anj^lcs Ion;;, (Icciin-iiit, jk-I- 
 lii('i<l; the Ixti'dcr iiiiiiiitcly scrnilati' .'ill tii'otiini ; |>cri<'h:i'tial 
 K'avi's si|MaiTiilos(', siihi'costat*' : capsiilt' IcmiLr-lHMJiccIiatc, oval- 
 ubloiii; or cyrnKlfical, ai'ciiatc, const rictctl under the orilic*' and 
 very ar<Miat«' whi-n einpty ; o|t('r«'tiliiin larLfc, with a loni; 
 inciirvi'tl Iteak from a hiyii convi-x base; )>cristom«' lari^c; teeth 
 lonu; sennients lonij-stiltulate ; cilia two or three, slender, nearly 
 ns Ion;; as the se^jments, not appendiciilate. — S|ticil. Fl. Li|»s. 
 91; Ifedw. Alitsc. Frond, iv. 3.'>, t. 14; Sitlliv. Mosses of L^ 
 States, 10."). iLiii'hi/nchifiui pillfet'inny Hriich &, Schimj). nryol. 
 
 Etif. t. rwu. 
 
 II All. Meadows, bortlors of woods; raro In fruit. 
 
 75. H. prSBlongUm, Liim. Mnch like tho l.-ist, diffi'ring 
 ill its wide tlat loose hriuht or d.'irk i;reen in.'its, the stems very 
 slender, |)r()strate their whole leni;th, the le.aves serrulate all 
 ftroiuid, the jiericluetial very narrowly eostate, the seoinents 
 perforated and not s])lit open, and the cilia apjiendiciiljite. — 
 Spec. 1*1. 112'); Iledw. 1. e. 7(5, t. 'Jl>. li/ii/Hc/iostt't/hnn pi'ft- 
 lonf/uu}, DeXot.'iris, IJriol. Ital. HO. J'Ji/r/i>//tc/iiwii pntloftf/toH, 
 Unich & Schimi). Hryol. Eur. t. r)-J4. 
 
 JIah. Brilisli Columbia {Lyull), as quoted by Mitten, who makes it 
 the equivalent of //. Stnkeaii, 
 
 A species very difficult to separate from If. himm. which appears to l)e 
 an American variety of it. The true //. pral(»i</iiiii lias scarcely Ijeen 
 found on this continent; at least we have seen nothini? referable to it. 
 
 76. H. SuUivantii, Spmoo, Ms. Plants small, densely 
 ccspitose or loosely intricate, pale green, dirty yellow below ; 
 stems slender, siibfastigiately ramtilose, tlie branchlets erect : 
 leaves erect, narrowly ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, concave 
 and recurved on the borders at base, sparsely papillose on the 
 back, eostate to above the middle ; cells minute, flexuous, linear, 
 obtuse, those of the angles subquadrate; perichaBtial leaves 
 
 wii 
 
854 
 
 BUYACE/K. 
 
 \Ilui>nHm. 
 
 It 
 
 ' r' 
 
 \\ 
 
 oblotit;, slicatliiiii; at hnHc, n!irn>vv«'(l to a (Hiform flcxuoiis point, 
 HiiliccoMtatc : ('a|)sul(! oval-ol)lon<^, ;;il)l)oiiH-ovatc ; opcrciiliiin 
 conical, hliort-rost rate; pcriHtonic iiornial ; antiuliis Himpli', pcr- 
 MiMtcnt. — Siilliv. .Muse. Jk> Ilcpat. of N«>rtli. V. States (ISJH, 
 correction), .Moshch of U. States, ()l), ami Icon. Mnsc. Kii), t. 
 10'). JI. i>roh>tnjKiHy SnIIiv., (iray's .Manual, ed. 1, 070. 
 
 Il.vii. Oil the ^roKiid In thu iimiKiiiM of wontlliiinlH, l>y ItrookH, <>tc. 
 
 liilfriiKMlliilt' iH'twt'cii //. itntUtuunm iiiiil //. \Vhit>iiUiiHiiiii, tlitTcsriiip; 
 from llif iirst in its Hliorh'i'(»pt!t-ciiliiiii, un*l llic Hlftitli'ily aiMiiiiiiiiit«> Iciiv*'h, 
 scircoly inipillosi; on tlit> Imck. In //. W'/iipplvnniim, tli(> cxaiiniiliilu ciip- 
 Bul(! U iibniplly liori/.ontal, tlio lid Ih sliorU^r ami conlciil-iipUMiliiU', iiiul 
 the It^avcs of a tlilckrr tt-xlurc, stron^^ly papillose, und with a thick pcl- 
 luohl costa rt'ariiiii!^ iwaily to tin* apex. 
 
 77. H. hians, Ilethv. IMants«le|>resse(l,cespitose, yellowish 
 green, sliininix; stems with few hranches, tlexuous, creepinu:; 
 l)raiichlets distichous, short, nearly simple: leaves loose, flat or 
 sprcadinjx, cordate-ovate, more or less loni;-polnte(l, ]»latio-con- 
 cnve, recurve(l on the borders, serrulate oidy above, narrowly 
 cost.'ite to above the middle; areolation lotju;, hexaironal ; ]>eri- 
 clijvtial leaves lonir, Jiarrowly short-acuminate, sharply serrate 
 nt the apex, s(|uarrose, the inner subecostate: vai;inule hirsute 
 ])y lonj; protrudint; para|>hyses: capsule oval-obloni;, cernuous, 
 subincurved ; lid lonsx, subulate-rostrate from a cofivex-conicnl 
 base; teeth prominently lamellose inside; sej^ments as lon<; as 
 the teeth, cleft ; cilia two, a little shorter than the scijments. — 
 Sj)ec. Muse. 272, t. 70; Sulliv. Mosses of V. States, (i(>, and 
 Icon. Muse. 108, t. 104. PteritpfnmHh'um apicKhitum^ Brid. 
 Muse. Hecent. Sui)pl. i. 187. J/. 2>r((rlon(/uni, Muell. Syn. ii. 
 440, in part. 
 II An. Moist shady hanks, hillsides In woods; common. 
 
 7H. H. Stokesii, Turn. Tufts rigid, som<'what inflated, 
 bright or dirty green ; stem thick, solid ; branches simple below, 
 densely pinnate and bipinnate above with stout 8imi)le rigid 
 sqnarrose-foliate branchlets: stem-leaves <listant, divaricate and 
 recurved, costate, acuminate, excavate at the decurrent angles, 
 those of the branchlets smaller, erect-spreading, broadly ovate- 
 lanceolate, acuminate, all narrowly costate to below the point, 
 sharply serrate all around ; perichjetiiim sqnarrose, the inner 
 leaves long, filiform-acuminate, serrate, ecostate : capsule hori- 
 zontal, subpendent when dry, oblong or oval, subcylindrieal and 
 constricted under the orifice when dry and empty ; operculum 
 
llypnum.] 
 
 imVACK.K 
 
 800 
 
 lonft'-roKtrato from n coni<'nl Ihihc, tho Hulmlatf ln-ak tiinu-*! 
 iipwanl; |)«riHtuiiu' luul atiiiiiltis as in //. jtt'<i/nnf/ntn, — .Miisj". 
 IIil>. I't'J, t. i.'>. //. pnt/oHi/inn, var. iSfa/o.Hii\ Ili'nI. 1. c. ii. I(>;{. 
 J'Jin'ht/iir/iiiini Stnkmii^ Hnicli &, Scliimp. IJryol. Kur. t. .'i"J(J. 
 
 1 1 All. Sliiuly 
 
 TO. H. 
 
 KriiMsy 
 
 Oreganum 
 
 llMH'M, NoilllWI'Stt'l'll AllK'flr 
 
 a; cotiiiiiDii. 
 
 Siilliv. Closi'ly aHifil to tin- last, dif- 
 
 fcriiii^ 111 the plantH hv'xu)* liirt;«'r, iiiorr rolmst, vi-ry IniiiLr aii<l 
 t'i'i'('|iiiiii;, oiH'c or twico Itraiiclii'tl, rcixnlaily ami closrly |iinii;itt'Iy 
 ramulosf, tlio k'nvoH tliiimi'r aixl Hrnu'r, with loiiijrr ami iiar- 
 ro\vi>r ari'olatioM, tho Itasal antics iiol ko iinicli cxcavatctl, aii«l 
 tlu' pcriclia'ti.il Icavfs rctlcxt'd (not siin|»ly s|ir('ii(Iintr). — .Mtin. 
 Anu-r. Acad. iv. 17li (1H41)), Jmd Hot. Wilkes Kx|.»'d. Muse. 
 
 1(5, t. la, n. 
 
 ILvu. P.igol .Sound ( I'ick'erin'j, LynU) ; Culifoiiiiii ( lliiji low, oto. ). 
 
 Siiu.Exrs XII. nAPIIIDOSTKfiirM. 
 
 Goncrally small, droopinj^-cospitosc, irrci^iilarly ramose nnd 
 rainnlosc. Leaves spreading;, flossy, open .all an)Mml or snl>- 
 ficc'und, those of the liranehes and stems similar, ohlony-laneeo- 
 late, animin.'ite, ecostate or shc'tly hieost.ate at base; borders 
 rcrtexed; aroolation minnte, linear, flexuons, with Ji to 5 cells ;it 
 the basal angles oblong and inflated. Capsule cernuous, hori- 
 zontal or Hiiberect, oval-oblong. Operculum long-subulate, ros-^ 
 tratc. Pedicel generally smooth. 
 
 SO. H. demissum, Wils. Moncrcious : tufts small, yellow^ 
 ish or dirty green : leaves imbricate, compressed, or subsecund, 
 ovate or oblong-lanceolate, ecostate, marked at base ]»y two 
 short strliP, very entire ; basilar cells yellow ; pericluetium closely 
 imbricate: capsule incline<l, small, horizontal, oval-oblong, yel- 
 low, exannulate, constricted under the orifice when empty; 
 operculum large, with n slender beak as long as the sporangium ; 
 IHMlicel very slender, curved above; teeth orange. — P^ngl. Hot. 
 Suppl. t. 2740. lihynchostegium demisaiim,, Bruch & Schimp. 
 Bryol. Eur. t. 507. 
 
 Var. Garolinianum. Branches longer, flaccid, dirty 
 green : leaves revolute on the borders all around. — //. demis- 
 8ttm, Sulliv. Muse. Allegh. n. 48. 7/. Cdroliniamwi, Muell. 
 Syn. ii. 327. // demiasum^ var., Sulliv. & Lcsq. Muse. Bor.- 
 Amer. Exsicc. n. 298'*- 
 
 
 '^ 
 
 '■SI'". 
 
' 'IS 
 
 I) 
 
 
 Itlr}! 
 
 Ifll 
 
 Ifl 
 
 If 
 
 f ': .iJ'fcHi 
 
 m 
 
 k 
 
 m 
 
 S5G 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [ITypnum. 
 
 Viw. Marylandicum. ^Nlore rol>nst, green ; liranchc's suIj- 
 cuspidiitu Jit the npcx: K'livt's broiidly ovate-aeuininate, with 
 Itordcrs erect: pedicel much stouter; capsule oblong, sub- 
 ccrnuous, coiitracted at tlie orilice. — I/, dctnissuin, var., SuUiv. 
 Muse. Aileuli. n. 4U; «ulliv. & Lesq. 1. c, n. 2l)8''- //. Mary- 
 lidndcaw, Muell. I. c, .'J-JS. 
 
 Haii. Wot rocks in the mountains, and borders of streams, in the 
 Soutlu'Mi Sta'i's; soiiietlnjes innnersed. 
 
 SI. H. Novee-CesareeB, Austin. Ditecious: in glossy 
 yellow Hat j»at(lies; stems j)rostrate, slender, filiform, with few 
 short simple subereet branches: lower leaves spreading, the 
 ujtper appressed and subsecund, roundish-apiculate, concave, ser- 
 rulate, obscurely two-nerved at base, the margins slightly 
 retlexed below: fruit unknown. — Muse. Api>al. n. 440. II. 
 miatHs, Wils. in Hook. JJrit. F\. ii. 80, not Swartz. Chrt/so- 
 hi'ipon nifca/ts, Lindb. ; SuUiv. Icon. Muse. 8uppl. 91, t. 07. 
 IiU)/)ichosteyium JVov(e-Cesare(e, Austin in Coult. Bot. Gaz. 
 i. )io. 
 
 IJau. On roclvs subject to inundation, in mountain rivulets; Sliawan- 
 gunlc Mountain, New Jersey (Auntin)', Alh?ghany Mountains, Pennsyl- 
 vania ( Wolle, li(iii). 
 
 8*2. H. recurvans, Scliwaegr. Dicecious: in wide de- 
 jtressed pale green or yellowish brown tufts; stems j)rostrate, 
 re(hlisl), pimiately and densely ramulose ; branchlets piano-fol- 
 iate: leaves close, imbricate, secund, thin, SDft, pale, concave, 
 ovate-lanceolate, filiform-acuminate, serrulate at the apex, nar- 
 rowly recurved, obsoletely bicostate; cells of the basal angles 
 dirty yellow; perichtetial leaves gradually long-acuminate, serru- 
 late at the apex : capsule short, turgid, oblong, inclined, slightly 
 incurved, exannulate ; operculum more or less long-rostrate f;-om 
 a conical base ; teeth and segments large ; cilia two, stout, nearly 
 as long. — Sui)pl. i. L>. l>8l), and ii. 1. 103, t. 140; Sulliv. Mosses 
 of U. States, 71, and Icon. Muse. 177, t. 3. J^eskea recicrvans, 
 and L. sqiiarrosa, ]Michx. Fl. Bor.-Am. ii. 311, 312. 
 
 II. in. On trees and decayed logs in mountain districts; very common, 
 and variable in size. 
 
 83. H. cylindricarpum, Muell. Dicecious: in flat broad 
 intricate mats, green passing to dirty yelloAv; stems slender, 
 creeping, with few branches, pinnately ramulose ; branchlets 
 slender: leaves compressed, two-ranked, or falcate-secund, nar- 
 rowly oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, concave, sharply serrate at 
 
Ilyimuin.] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 357 
 
 cs 
 •n- 
 
 riy 
 
 the apex ; borders recurved below ; alar cells larti^e, sulKpiadrate, 
 vesieulose, the upper hyaline ; perieluetial leaves loosely iinhri- 
 cate, erect, the inner i^radually narrowed to a tiliforiu eoaisely 
 dentate point : capsule lonij, cylindrical-oblonuj, rei^ular, erect or 
 sliu^htly inclined; operculum obliijue-conical, Ion <^f-rost rate ; cilia 
 none or rudinu'iitary ; annulus none. — Syn. ii, .'iOS; Sulliv. 
 Mosses of U. States, 71, and Icon. Muse. 173, t. 101). Lefikea 
 tenuirostrLs, Schinii). Ms.; Sulliv. in (Jray's M;inua!, ed. 1, (KIS. 
 II AU. On decayed loys iu woods; New Jersey to Ohio and south waril; 
 not coramon. 
 
 84. H. microcarpum, Muell. Moncccious : in very small 
 intricate tufts, 8hinin<:; trreen or golden tinted ; stt'ms j)rostrate, 
 with short recm \ .mI or incurved branches: leaves clos*,', sul>- 
 homomallous, narrowly obloM<;-laiu'eolate, short-acuminate, sub- 
 serrulate at the aj)ex, marked with two basilar short striie; 
 areolation loose, linear-fusiform, the alar cells much lari;er, the 
 uj)per quadrate, the lower 8 to 5 on each side oblom;, inHated, 
 yellow; perichjelial leaves obloni^-acuminate: calyptra persistent, 
 descending to below the orifice of the capsule: capsule very 
 small, oval or oblong, erect, thin, slightly constricted under the 
 red orifice when dry; operculum long, subulate-rostrate from a 
 dei)ressed conical base; teeth marked by a distiiu't divisional 
 line; cilia simi»le, short, half as long as the scgnu'Uts ; antuilus 
 none. — Syn. ii. 320; Sulliv. ]\Iosses of U. States, 71, and Icon. 
 Muse. 175, t. 110. Lbsken mhiata^ ^Michx. 1. c. 314. 
 
 Var. anisocarpon, Sulliv. Capsule subhorizontal, unsym- 
 metrical, sho't, oblong or subovate, gradually narrowi'd at base, 
 turbinate and constricted under the orifice when diy. — Icon. 
 Muse. 175. II. admLdnni, Sulliv. Proc. Amer. Acad. v. 2s0. 
 
 IlAn. On trees, in the Southern States, very eotinnon and variable; 
 cedar swamps, Ohio. Tlie variety in Cuba [Wi-i'j]it)\ New Jersey 
 (AnHtin). 
 
 85. H. Jamesii. Monoecious: plants very small, dejiressed, 
 pale or dirty green, glossy; stems slender, creejting, subpin- 
 nately ramulose ; branchlets short, horizontal, more or less 
 recurved : leaves somewhat distant, Hattened, the lateral sjiread- 
 ing, ovate at base, gradually narrowed into a long filiform point, 
 not costate ; borders flat or reflexed above, subrevolutc on one 
 side toward the base, denticulate above, not costate or obso- 
 letely costate at base; alar cells few, oval o:* linear, obtuse, 
 somewhat inflated ; perichajtial leaves short-acuminate, denticu- 
 
358 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Uypnum 
 
 
 i,i 
 
 U' 
 
 i 
 
 t 
 
 late at the apex, tlie iii)i)er tubulose : capsule oblong-ovate» 
 iiieliiied, dilati'd at the orifice and cylindrical-oblong when dry' 
 opeiculuin rostellate from a conical base; segjnents slightly 
 open bt'tween the articulations, a little longer than the solitary 
 cilia ; aniuilus Hini])le, large. — Iiluptchoste<jium Jamesii, SuUiv. 
 Icon. Muse. Suppl. 1)2, t. (J8; Austin, Coult. I3ot. Gaz. i. 31. 
 Hah. Krroll Dam, Androscoggin River, New IIain])shire (Jauws). 
 
 80. H. laxepatulum. Like the last in habit, size and color, 
 differing the open leaves two-ranked an<] coniprcssed, sjtinose- 
 denticulaic toward the apex, the alar cells twice as large and 
 the lowest vesicular, the caj)sule shorter, pyriform when dry 
 and much dilated at the orifice, the operculum twice as long 
 and acutely rostrate, the teeth rugose-] >ajiillose at the aj»ex, the 
 segnu'Uts entire, and the cilia none or rudimentary: perhaps 
 dhecious, the male flowers being unknown. — Ji/iync/ioster/iu.hi 
 dtliriituhiin, James ; Sulliv. Icon. Muse. Suj)i)l. 93, t. 09 ; Austin, 
 
 |.p.i«U. , _ 
 
 Hau. Same as the last (Jamen). 
 
 Sun.iKNLs XIII. KIIVXCIIOSTEGIUM. (PI. 0.) 
 Plants larger than in JiajJiidotfteffittm, the stems ])rostrate, 
 irregularly dividi'd, more or less com|)ressed. Leaves often 
 two-ranked, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, unicostato or shortly 
 bicostate ; areolation somewhat loose, elougated-rluunboidal. 
 Capsule oval, inclined and cernuous. Lid rostrate. — llhyii- 
 chosteglum^ Schimp. 
 
 87. H. geophilum, Aust. ]\[s. Tufts thin, very soft and 
 loose, bluish or yt'Uowish green, very glossy: leaves fiat, disti- 
 chous, somewhat distant, horizontally spreading, oblong-lanceo- 
 late, ta])ering to a blunt |»oint, distantly serrulate, bicostulate ; 
 areolation long, narrow, fiexuous, the alar cells few, not hya- 
 line : capsule small, thin, short, ovate-gibbous ; operculum coni- 
 cal, long-rostrate, the beak turned upward or downward ; seg- 
 ments narrow, linear ; cilia two or three, nearly as long as the 
 segments, some of them unequal; annulus large, comjiound. — 
 M/u/nchosteffiiim f/eophilio-n^ Aust. Muse. Ajipal. n. 845 ; Sulliv. 
 Icon. Muse. Suppl. 94, t. 70. // ikj>ressi(t7i, Janies, Proc. 
 Amer. Philos. Soc. xiii. 114, not Swartz ; Sulliv. & Lesq, Must?. 
 Bor.-xVmer. Exsicc. (ed. 2), n. 437. 
 
"^ 
 
 Uj/pnuiii.] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 359 
 
 IIau. Clayey shaded ground, New Jersey (^l«sfi>i); Pennsylvania 
 (Juines); New York (Peck). 
 
 88. H. deplanatum, Sohi;np. Ms. Dia'cious : fertile 
 jilaiits smiill, the sterile larger; tufts flattened to the grouiul, 
 pale green, or yellowish brown in dry places; stems with few 
 branches, irregularly or subpinnately raniulose, branches and 
 branchlets closely adhering to the ground by radicles, like the 
 j)riniary steins : leaves t^vo-ranked, imbricate, ovate-lanceolate, 
 gradually acuminate, thin, concave, serrulati' all around, the 
 costa short-obs(jlete or none ; cells linear, fusifc^rm, flexuous, the 
 basilar enlarged, sinular : capsule oval-oblong, nearly regular, 
 cernuous, arched, plicate, constricted under the enlarged oiitice 
 and turbinate when dry; peristome as in the last species; annu- 
 lus none. — SuUiv. Muse. AUegh. n. 50, Mosses of U. States, 
 70, and Icon. Muse. 171, t. 108. 
 
 I^AU. Dry woods in close thin mats upon clayoy ground, stones, or 
 roots of frees; coiniiMtii, lnit very rarely fruiting. Male (lowers unknown. 
 
 HI). H. serrulatum, llcdw. Moufccious : plants widely 
 expanded, pale green; stems closely creeping, long-branching; 
 branchlets distant, distichous or subpinnate : leaves two-i'anked, 
 thin, flat, very ojjen, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, scri-ulate 
 above, thinly costate to above tlie middle; arcolation loose, 
 long-rhomboidal, similar at the base; jiei'icha tial leaves oblong, 
 scarious, whitish, costate, abruptly acuminate, flexuous at the 
 apex : capsule oblong, long-pedicellate, cernuous, incurv<'d ; lid 
 lt)ng-rostrate, conical at base; segments as long as the teeth; 
 cilia two or three, a little shorter ; amudus very large, com- 
 pouiul. — Spec. Muse. '238, *.. (30 ; Sulliv. Mosses of U. States, 
 70, and Icon. Muse. IGO, t. 107. 
 
 IIau. On the ground in dry woods, in loose thin mats, usually over 
 decayed leaves. Closely allied to //. confertum, Dicks. 
 
 90. H. rUSCiforme, Weis. Plants loosely intricate, cespi- 
 tose, pendent or floating, rigid, dark or-dirty green ; stems pros- 
 trate; branches erect, incurved: leaves open, tenacious, nar- 
 rowed at base, ovate, broadly ol)long, acuminate, gradually 
 smaUcr toward the apex of the branches, distinctly serrulate, 
 costate to below the point ; arcolation narrowly rliond)oidal ; 
 alar cells long-oval or linear, obtuse ; pe -icha'tial leaves ecos- 
 tate, the upper lialf-sheathing, abruptly acuminate: cajtsule 
 ovate, cernuous or subincurved, with a short distiru't neck, solid, 
 constricted under the oriflce when dry ; operculum large, solid, 
 
 •^i 
 
 i-ii 
 
 mm 
 
 
'f ,ri»r" 
 
 3G0 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 [Ill/pnum. 
 
 yr 
 
 -"i?r 
 
 i ^l" 
 
 
 «■■ 
 
 : 
 
 ^' fc' 
 
 1 m 
 
 ll .1 
 
 ; f 
 
 i i 
 -' 1 
 
 f/: 
 
 ll 
 
 I '1 
 
 I. ..J 
 
 long-rostrate ; teeth dark orange ; cilia two or three, unecjual ; 
 annulus large. — Crypt. Gott. '2'li). II, riparioides^ lledw. 
 Muse. Frond, iv. 10, t. 4. li/iipichostcfjium ru6ciforme, Briieh 
 tfc Sehini|>. IJryol. Eur. t. 515, 510. 
 
 Var. Atlanticum. Stems very long: leaves longer, sul>- 
 seeund, short-aemninate, obscurely striate, dirty green, glossy. 
 — 13rueh & Schinij). 1. e., as lUujnchostei/iutn. 
 
 Var. inundatum. Stems luueh divided, tlexuous, prostrate, 
 densely foliate : leaves ovate-oblong, gradually narrowed : ea])- 
 sule sliort-pedieelled, arcuate, thick. — Bruch tfc Scliimi). 1. c. 
 
 IIau. Stones and wood, in running water; plains and mountains. 
 
 01. H. CUrvisetum, IJrid. Mona'cious: loosely depressed- 
 cespitose, dark green, irregularly branching and ramulose ; 
 branchlets rigid, sj)reading, incurved: leaves erect-spreading, 
 striate, those of the stems and lower part of branches distant, 
 the terminal crowded, lanceolate and narrowly oblong-lanceo- 
 late, acuminate, concave, costate to the middle, more or less 
 distinctly serrulate ; cells elongated-rhomboidal, the basilar in 
 three or four rows, oblong, obtuse, hyaline; pericha'tial leaves 
 few, ecostate, long lanceolate-acuminate : capsule solid, oval or 
 ol)long, with a distinct collum, horizontal ; j)edicel flexuous, 
 rough ; operculum yellow, long-subulate, rostrate ; cilia nearly 
 as long as the segments, simple or geminate. — Muse, liecent. 
 8u])pl. ii. Ill ; Lindb. Journ. Linn. Soc. xiii. 68. lihynchoste- 
 ghnn IWsdalii,, Bruch & Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 509, excl. syn. 
 
 IIau. Fairn-")unt Park, Pluladelphla (James). 
 
 /Species insirfficiently knoicin and not certainly referable to this 
 
 stibyenus. 
 
 02. H. Oaloosiense, Aust, Monoecious : prostrate, the 
 stems intricate, 6 to 8 c.m. long, subninnately branching: leaves 
 subilnttened, broadly obliquely ovate, subacuminate, the borders 
 j)lane, obsoletely serrulate toward the apex ; costa geminate, 
 distinct to near the middle ; areolation loose, rhomboidal, fusi- 
 form ; ]>araphyllia long-sul)ulatc, subfasciculate : capsule broadly 
 oval, j)endent on a short smooth pedicel, much constricted 
 under the orifice when dry, obtuse at base : flowers small. — 
 Coult. Bot. Gaz. iv. IGl. 
 
 Hab. Low hummocks on the Caloosahachee River (,7". D. Smith, 
 Austin). 
 Somewhat like H. dejAanatum and II. micans, but readily distinguished 
 
Uypnuni.] 
 
 BKYACE.E. 
 
 361 
 
 from the first by Its mona^cious inflorescenco, short poliiti'd entire leaves, 
 ami much lonjjer ciilire pariiphyllia; from the sccoiul l)y its more obso- 
 letely serrated leaves, and by tlie presence of piiraphyllia; from both by its 
 darker yreen color, more copiously branched stems, and much more loosely 
 areolated leaves, the longer costa, and the pendulous capsule. — (AuHliit.) 
 
 Uii. H. Roy 89, Aust, D'ui'fious : stonis ri^iitl, slciidcr, with 
 few suhcompri'ssc'd branches : leaves scattered, halt-open, f)\ ate 
 or ovate-huiceolate, sliarply acuminate, somewhat concave, 
 flat and minutely serrate on the borders, costate to above tho 
 mi(hlle ; cells oval and obh^ng, rhomboi«hil ; periclwetial leaves 
 long-subulate, acuminate from an oblong-ovate base, ecostate, 
 subserrato at the ai»ex, scjuarrose. — Coult. Bot. (taz. iii. HI. 
 
 IIau. California {Mrtf. Jcsttie lioy). 
 
 02. H. Brandegei, Aust. 1. c. Densely cespitose, yellowish 
 green ; stems erect, nearly simple, slightly tumid and com- 
 pressed : leaves imbricate, broadly ovate, concave, 2-o-plicate, 
 abru]»tly short-subulate or filiform, acuminate, flat on the bor- 
 ders, entire or obscurely serrate ; costa simple or forking, reach- 
 ing the middle ; cells narrowly oblong, fusiform, strict, the basi- 
 lar a little longer, short. 
 
 Hab. Colorado [lirnadeuce). 
 
 The author compares it with II. mvrale, IT. piliferum, II. Colorndense, 
 and even with //. (icniiiinatiim, thus showing the uselessness of descrip- 
 tions made from incomplete specimens. 
 
 
 SunGENus XIV. TIIAMNIUM. (PI. G.) 
 
 Plants dendroid from a subterranean rhizome-like stem; 
 secondary stems erect, solid, woody, with distichous or fascicu- 
 late apical branches and branchlets. Leaves 8-ranked, those of 
 the primary stems and of the lower part of the secondary very 
 small, distant, scarious, appressed, the up]icr gradually larger, 
 green, loosely imbricate, ovate-lanceolate, coarsely dentate or 
 serrate at the apex ; areolation dense, narrowly linear, jiellucid 
 at the base, gradually shorter-rectangular upward, minutely 
 rhomboidal-quadrate and chlorophylloso toward the apex. 
 Calyptra covering the capsule to the middle. Capsules gen- 
 erally clustered, ovate-oblong, horizontal by the curving of the 
 short arcuate smooth pedicel. Operculum long-rostrate. Peri- 
 stome large ; segments as long as the teeth, cleft between tho 
 
l^f .r0f 
 
 362 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 [Ilypnum. 
 
 I 
 
 II 
 
 1"^ 
 
 II h 
 
 articulations ; cilia 2 or 3, lon<^, aj)i)enilicul ' o. Aniiulus nar- 
 row. — Thcumiiumy Schini]). 
 
 95. H. Alleghaniense, Mucll. Plants green : leaves of 
 the branches and hranchlets erec't-H})rea(ling, oblong-elliptieal, 
 broad and short-pointed, the perichietial erect, narrowly acumi- 
 nate, ecostate : flowers syncecious and niona'cious : cai)sule 
 8hort-|)edicelle<l, with a broad orifice ; annulus sinijile. — Syn. 
 ii. 5()'J ; Sulliv. Mosses of U. States, 09, and Icon. Muse. 1(31, 
 t. 103. JL neckti'oides^ Hook. & Wils. in Drunini. Muse. Anier. 
 (Coll. II.), n. 1 19. Thatnidum Alleghaniense, Bruch & Schini]). 
 Bryol. Eur. 'J'hamniurn, 4. 
 
 II An. lioeky and sluuly banks; Pennsylvania, Ohio, Arkansas; St. 
 Louis (Dnunmond). Tliougli not common, it is widely distributed, most- 
 ly in the plains, along rocky limestone creeks. 
 
 90. H. neckeroides, Hook. Differs from the last in the 
 broad sheathing acuminate and reflexed })erichiUtial leaves, and 
 the dioecious inflorescence. — Muse. Exot. t. 58. // Nec/cera, 
 Schwaegr. Suppl. iii. 2, t. 288. Thamniiun neckeroides, Bruch 
 & Schim|). 1. c. 
 
 ILvn. Northwest coast (Menzicn). 
 
 97. H. Blgelovii, Sulliv. DicBcious: branchletsflat: leaves 
 bright green, shining and striate when dry, two-ranked, si>read- 
 ing, oblong-acuminate, flat and serrate at the iJi)ex, the borders 
 inflexed on one side ; ap. olation parenchymatose ; perichaitial 
 leaves lanceolate, linear-acuminate, serrate above, costate : cap- 
 sule oval, distinctly necked ; pedicel thick, arcuate above ; 
 inner membrane very large ; cilia two, appendiculate ; annulus 
 large, comixmnd. — Pacif. It. liep. iv. 189, t. 9. 
 
 II An. Valloys of the Coast Ranges, and mountains of California 
 {Biyeloio, Bolander), 
 
 SuBcjENus XV. PLAGIOTHECIUM. (PI. 0.) 
 Plants jiartly prostrate, irregularly brandling and ramulose, 
 stoloniferous, rooting, soft and variable in size. Leaves thin, 
 glossy, mostly entire; costa none, or double, very short and 
 thin ; areolation long and narrowly rhomboidal-hexagonal, 
 larger at the base, sparingly chloro})hyllose. Flowers monav 
 cious, rarely dioecious ; jiericha^tium sheathing, radiculoso at 
 base; vaginule smooth. Calyptra very narrow, fugacious. 
 
Jll/pnuin.] 
 
 BUYACE.E. 
 
 303 
 
 Capstilc siil)crcct, obrKpie or subhorlzontal, oval-ohloni;, some- 
 what incurvt'd or {uvuale, sliort-necked, thin, smooth, rari'Iy 
 sulfate when dry. Teeth of the peristome whitish. — IHayio- 
 thcciuni^ Schimp. 
 
 * Tctth of tlie im'istome distanthj articulate ; cilia none. 
 ■h- J'^lowers dioicions. 
 
 9H. H. latebriCOla, Lindh. Ms. IMants small, oespltiilosc, 
 yellowish or hrinht i^reen, shiiiiiitj;; stems short, very slender, 
 ascendiiii;, spariiii^ly hranehini^, radieulose at V)ase : leaves loose, 
 ereet-s|>readini;, ovate-laneeolate, lont:f-acuminate, deeurrent, very 
 entire, slij^htly coneave, reeurve<l on the borders, obsoletely two- 
 nerved ; areolation \o\v^ and narrow; inner perieluetial leaves 
 ovate-lanceolate, erect : eajtside very small, snbereet, oval or 
 obloni;, tapering to the base, thin, with a broad orifice and sub- 
 turbinate when <lry ; o])oreulnm large, apiculate or short-ros- 
 trate from a tumid ccmical base ; teeth whitish ; segments as 
 long as the teeth, entire, narrow, liyaline-punctate; annulus 
 narrow. — Leskea latebricola^ Wils. Bryol. IJrit. 829, t.. 54. 
 IHagiothtciiini lattbricola^ liruch & Schimj). IJryol. Eur. 
 t. 494 ; Lindb. Faun. Flor. Fenn. ix. 3"J. 11. scituluni, Aust., 
 Bull. Torr. Club, vi. 44 (':*), described from a sterile specimen 
 found mixed with JI. ISprucei in Drunnnoiurs Mosses of British 
 America (n. 190). 
 
 Ha». Hoots and stumps in swamps; New Jersey and New York 
 (Au>itin). 
 
 99. H. PaSSaicense. Differs from tlie last merely in the 
 abruptly acuminate perichietial leaves, very entire or erose- 
 denticulatc at the apex, and the basilar areolation of the leaves 
 with shorter cells, the cells not inflated nor the leaves deeurrent ; 
 stem-Jeaves triangular-lanceolate and subcanaliculate-concave. — 
 Phujiothecium denticnlatnm^ var. l(Ptutn, Aust. 3Iusc. Appal, 
 n. 8G'2, P. Passaicense., Aust., IJull. Torr. Club. v. 24. 
 
 Hab. On rocks, in mountain districts; New Jfirsoy (Austin), sterile; 
 Bencvillc, Caniida (Maconn), fruiting, 
 
 Tlie autlior rcniiirlts tliat it resembles //. pnlchvllum, and IT. laiebvi- 
 cnhi, but tliat it is smaller than eitlier and the smallest of the suljgenus. 
 The characters Indicated as specific, or as different from tiiosc of //. htle- 
 brici)l(t, are not snlticiently marked, as in this last x|(ccios the base of the 
 leaves is often truncate instead of deeurrent, and the basal cells not in- 
 flated but only (juadrate. 
 
 ' tl 
 
 *i( 
 
 ft "ft 
 
 ■I 
 
 r n 
 
r 
 
 If'' 
 
 rm 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 f I 
 
 3G4 
 
 IJUYACE.E. 
 
 [////i)num. 
 
 IS 
 
 hII 
 
 )!! 
 
 •♦-•f- Flowers moiuecious or di<vcioua. 
 
 100. H. trichophorum, Spnicf. Tufts white, <lark ^reen ; 
 jdjiiit.s j>r()!stratt', iiiui'li braiuhtMl : leaves dihtichous, tlatleiit'd, 
 ovate or obloiisf, coiieave, lilit'onii-ajtieulate, irrej^ularly uinlulate» 
 plicate leiii^tljwise, recurved, entire on the hortlers, marked at 
 l)ase hy donl)le short striiu instead of nerves; areohition loose, 
 liyaHne; perieha'tial leaves llliforni, acuminate, tlexuous at tho 
 apex : capsule suberect or suhincurved, ohlontj, a little con- 
 stricted under the orilice when dry and cmjtty, sliyhtly inllated 
 at the colluin, brown, darker when old; oj)erculum conical, in- 
 flated at base, muticous ; peristome pale, soft, the teeth linear- 
 lanceolate, sometimes bilid or inegularly jterforated at the ajiex, 
 the sei^ments split or lacerated between the articulations, whit- 
 ish when dry, hyaline when moist; annulus of a triple series of 
 small cells remainini^ attached to the lid. — Ann. Mau;. Nat. Hist, 
 ser. 8, iii. 270. Laakea pilifera^ Swart/, Summ. Vet;. Scand. 41. 
 PliKjiotheciiuu }nliftram^ JJruch & Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 41)0. 
 // dcnticulatuin., var. Donianuni, Druimnond Muse. Amer. 
 n. 105. 
 
 IIau. rortagc lliver, British America (Brnmmoml) ; Oregon (IInU). 
 
 * # Teeth more densehf urticuhite ; Ixisilar membrane broader , 
 se(jme)its with intermediate cilia : leaves two-ranked. 
 
 101. H. pulchellum, Dicks. Mon<ecious: jilants small, 
 densely cespitulose, glossy green ; branches crowded, erect, 
 fastigiate : leaves crowde<l, subcomplanate, secund, lanceolate 
 or gradually tapering from the base to an rcute jioint, entire, 
 ecostate : capsule suberect, oblong or obovate; operculum short, 
 conical, obtusely apiculate; peristome ])alo yellow; cilia two, 
 a little shorter than the segments. — Crypt. Fasc. ii. 18, t. 5. 
 Z,eskea jiulcliella^ lTedw\ Sjjcc. Muse. 220, t. 55. Plagiotheciu.n 
 judc/iclhan, IJruch & Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 497. Stereodon 
 pukhellus^ Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 39. Plaffiotheciiua 
 nitidum^ var subercctum., Lindb. Faun. Flor. Fenn. ix. 84. 
 
 Var. nitidulum. Plants slightly stronger and less comi)act : 
 leaves longer and long-acuminate : capsule thicker, o\ite-oblong, 
 inclined or subcernnous. — IT. nitidulum., Wahl. Fl. Lapp. 370. 
 Pbtf/iothecium nitidulum^ Brucli ifc Schim]». 1. c, t. 498. P. 
 nitidttm., Lindb. 1. c. Isopterygium nitidum^ Lindb. Muse. 
 Scand. 39. 
 
 i! 
 
"^ 
 
 //(//) nu»j.] 
 
 HHVACE.E. 
 
 80 
 
 i) 
 
 IIau. Itorky Mountains ( /)r»(»nno»i(/). Tlio variety on mots of trci's 
 near t lie ground ; N\'\v Voikir. //. I'l <•!>•, .\itslin)\ lAul ( olville (L/zk//). 
 Also a I'oriii from Davis Straits ( 'lui/lur), atronliiig to Mitt«>n. 
 
 102. H. geminum. MoiKLrious: hram-lii'MiiMct'iKliiig, inti'f- 
 ImcoiI : liMvis ov.'iti' <tr oviiti'-aciimiiiati', <>|ic'ii, variously curvi'il, 
 Hultscciiinl or Miiltfalcatc, tlii' l»(»nlrrs luiimtcly sorrulati' or onlirr ; 
 costa thick, ascfiKliiiu; to tlii' njnldlc ; cells loiisjf and narrow, a 
 few of tlicm shorter at hasc ; pcricha'tial leaves erect, the inner 
 l>roa(ler an<l longer, short-acuminate : cajisule oval-cylindrical, 
 suherect, jiradiially narrowi'«l at the neck; seiLjinents narrow; 
 Cilia two, nearly as loni^, — Stci'toilon yeminns^ Milt. Journ. 
 Linn. Soc. viii. :{!), t. 7. 
 
 II.Mi. Kdcky Mountains, at 0,(X)() toS,(KJOf('(>t allltiitlt'; associated with 
 tlie last ( Ltinll). 
 
 Sonicwliat Iik(! //. piilcfirHioii, Imt witli li avos nioro lijradiially narrn\V(Hl 
 from a wider l)ase, the tliin ImiI l)roa(l nerve eontiniietl to tlie middle, iho 
 niarj^iiw moro or less evidently serrulate lioni the hase to the apex, and 
 the cells only half as lonj^ anil narrower. — ( .l//7^■;/.) 
 
 108. H. micans, Swartz. Momecious : plants small, iti 
 very loose flat tufts, whitish yellow or fuhoiis, shiniiii; ; stems 
 prostrate, rootint;, irrei^tilarly divided into few hrjinclies and 
 short branchlets: leaves loose, comi»ressed, the lateral spreadinii; 
 at ri_i;ht angles, thin, soft, ovate-lanceolate, narr<»wly actunini'.te, 
 obscm'ely serrulate ahove ; costa l)asilar, ucminate, indistinct; 
 colls narrowly linear, those of the antiles few, (ptadrate-oldon^-; 
 inner pericluctial leaves more or less aljruptly acuminati', coarsely 
 serrate at the base of the point : capsule very small, ovate-oblonuf, 
 slit^htly incurved on a slemler coinjtar.'itively loni; pedicel; lid 
 conical, short-acuminate or mamillate; seucments nearly entire, 
 as Ioiil; as the teeth; cilia one or two, short, nodose. — ^Nluhl. 
 Cat. 104, and Adnot. Bot. ITn, accordiu<; to authentic specimens 
 in Muhl. Herb, examined by Hullivant and rejiorted u))on by 
 letter to James and Austin. // alhulnm^ ]Muell. Syn. ii. 'JSO ; 
 Sulliv. Mosses of U. States, 71, and Icon. jNIusc. 179, t. 112. 
 //. tejieruni, Hook. & "Wils. in Dnimm. Muse. Amer. (Coll. H.), 
 n. 108, 101). 
 
 Var, fulvum. Larfjer ; branches lonij, flattened, s(mietimes 
 floatiuir, fulvous or dark brown when old. — JLfidmim, Hook. 
 & Wils. in Drumm. 1. c, n. 110 ; Sulliv. 1. c. 80, and Icon. Muse. 
 205, t. 125. 
 
 II AB. On much decayed wood in moist places; the variety in hogs; 
 Southern States. 
 
 W ',' 
 
 if it 
 
 ill il 
 
866 
 
 IIKYACE.*:. 
 
 \Hl/pnum, 
 
 i 
 
 1 i 
 
 104. H. turfaceum, T/in<ll». Moiurcious : |ilants sii'all, (•('«- 
 
 pitiilosc, hrij^lit ^ri'cii, yi-llowish spotti'd; stems prnstratf, with 
 
 Hhort Hul»|»iiiiiat«' or fasciculatt' hraiiclu's; Iouvch <K'|>ri'SHt'(l, llat, 
 
 the hitcrals itrcarliiij; horizontally, the uiiiht an«l lower aher- 
 
 nately iiu'liiii'd to tiie left and t(» the rij^dit, ovate-laiieeolate, loni;- 
 
 aeiiniiiiate from an ovate-ohloni; bawe, shariiiv si'rrate tt) thi' 
 
 middle, eeostate ; areolation fusiform or broadly linear, distinctly 
 
 <|uadrate or obl(Hi<j;, (wjuilateral at base; pericha'tial leaves ovate, 
 
 eoneave at base, abruptly short-cuspidate and dentate upward : 
 
 capsule suitcernuous an<l subinclined, oblony-cylindrical, oostate 
 
 und constricted under the orifice when (b-y; o|tercuhim liroadly 
 
 conical, blunt at the a|)ex ; peristome normal, with two stroma 
 
 cilia nearly as loni; as the entire set;ments; annidus double, lari;e. 
 
 — Fries, IJot. Xotis. IS')!, 14li, and Vl Dan. Suppl. t. 117. 
 
 Stereodou tnrf<i<u ns^ Mitt. Plm/lothcchDn tni'facci(H), Lindb. 
 
 Faun. Flor. Feinj. ix. .'i:} ; Sulliv. Icon. Muse. Sui>i»I. H7, t. (Jf). 
 
 laoptej'i/ifliin) tin'jUn'ntn, Lindb. 
 
 II An. Oil the {.'round and dfciiycd trunks; Allochany and Whlto 
 Mountains {Janipn); New Jorsoy {Aiixtin); Fort ColvlUc {Lyull). 
 
 105. H. elegans, Hook. Dicecious: plants small, pale 
 green, shininu; when dry; stem depressed, with few unequal 
 branches ; stem-leaves erect-sprea<lintj, ])lane and distichous, 
 narrowly ov.ate, more or less long-acuminate, concave, short, 
 bicostate at base, slightly serndate at the apex ; cells narrower 
 than in the last, ]>ellucid, but scarcely enlarged at base; peri- 
 cha'tial leaves lanceolate-acuminate ; capstde horizontal or sul)- 
 pendent by an a])ical curve of the ])edicel, oblong, slightly 
 inflated at the curved neck, constricted under the widened 
 orifice when dry; operculum conical, obtuse or short-rostellate; 
 teeth broadly lanceolate, blunt at the apex; segments entire; 
 cilia three, slender, as long as the segments; annulus simple. — 
 JMusc. Exot. t. 9 ; Schwaegr. Sup|)l. iii. t. 282. J*lH(j!otfiecinni 
 elef/ans, Schimp. Coroll. 11(5 : Sulliv. Icon. ^lusc. Suppl. 86, t. 04. 
 JiJnfndiosti'(jiu)n chrfans, Lindb. in Iledwigia, ii. 70, and Faun. 
 Flor. Fenn. ix. 47. Isopterygiwn ele(/(Oh% Lindb. 
 
 Var, terrestre. Dark green ; branches shorter, slightly 
 decurved at the a])ex. — Lindb. 1. c, as llhynchostegium ; Aust. 
 Muse. Appal., n. 349. 
 
 IIab. Crevices of shaded rocks; Vancouver Island (Mvnzies)', White 
 Mountains (Jaoies); Northern New Jersey, sterile. The variety on the 
 ground in a rapine near Paskack, New Jersey (Austin), sterile. 
 
Ili/pnum.] 
 
 nUYACE.K. 
 
 8C7 
 
 100. H. denticulatum, I/mn. Monavious: in tint Ioomo 
 prci'n i)r yellowish ljIohsv tut'ls; stttiis |>nisti'!it<', HtoNmitVroits. 
 with hraiii'lu's ami ItiaiichlrtH i-n'ct, plano-foliatc : liasilar ainl 
 trrruiiial h-avt's of tlu' l»raiiclu's siiiall, lnviadly laiiccolatr, aciil*', 
 tlu' iiu'ilial laim'r, ovatt'-olilonir, apiculati', iiM'<|iiilat»'ral, (U'ciir- 
 rriit, I'litirc or snl>st'rrati( at tlu' a|K'X ; costa Itipartitc, very (liiii, 
 vanishiii<' hall-way to the iiiiddU'; art'olatioii iiarrowlv ihom- 
 1>oi»lal, t'lilarncd at hasc, hroadly <|ua(lrat(' at the fxcavati' 
 aiink's; iH'richu'tial Icavrs shcathiii!,', narrowi'd into a Kh(»rt 
 )»oint, c(»Mtat(' to aWovc the middle, the costa thin, simpU' or 
 forkiiit;: caiiHiilf lon;^-|)fdicelli'd, (•cnmoiis, arcuate, cylindrical 
 or oI)loni;, oranLTc-color, slightly conslrieti'd under the orilice 
 Miien diT ; o|icrculuin conical, a|>iculate ; teeth pale; segments 
 slightly o|ien hetween the articulationn ; cilia two or three, un- 
 e<jual, nearly as lont; as the segments; annnlus lart;e, of a triplo 
 row of cells. — Spec. IM. llli'J. I*i/l<i!stt<i nif/ii'attff, Desv. ; 
 IJrid. IJryol. Univ. ii. 12^2, t. H. /'Ittf/fof/iri-hn/t <h'ntii'nUttii)n^ 
 liruch &> Schinip. IJryol. Eur. t. ;')()!, i'jO'J; I.indh. Faun. Flor. 
 Keini. iv. .'{(>. 
 
 Var. tenellum. Smaller than tlio normal fortn : leaves 
 narrower, lonL?cr-acu»ninate. — Bruch tfc Sehinip. 1. c, as Plmji. 
 othechitn. 
 
 Var. ISBtum. Loaves lonirer, jiiliform-aciiminate : caj)sule 
 ovate-oblouLr, sidterect ; cilia none. — Lindb. 1. c. Vhajiotlic- 
 cium Itftnut, Uruch & Schini)). JJryol. Knr. t. 41>r). 
 
 Var. laxum. Loaves loss crowded, orect-spreadinjjf, scarcely 
 flattened, smaller, narrower, broadly lanceolate : capsule sub- 
 erect. — IJruch & Schimp. 1. c. 
 
 Var. densum. Densely cos]»itose; branches shorter, erect : 
 loaves crowded, iud)ricate, recurved at the apex : cajtsule sub- 
 erect; lid acuminate. — IJruch & Schimp. 1. c. 
 
 Var. obtusifolium, Turn. Leaves elliptical, more or less 
 obtuse. — ]\[usc. Iliborn. 146. //. TJo)inianun)^ Smith, Fl. Brit, 
 iii. 1286. Stereo(h)i Don fauns, Witt. 
 
 Hab. Decayed trunks in the woods, rarely on stones; varieties 
 tenellinn and densiim on mountains, in fissures of rocks. 
 
 A very variable moss, often confounded witli //. sj/lrnticum, differing 
 in the mono'cions inflorescence, the narrower areolation, the conical and 
 not rostrate lid, the smooth capsule, and the conipocnd annulus. 
 
 107. H. Muellerianum, Hook. fil. Dicjcious: plants very 
 
 small, loosely cespitose, bright green ; stems i^^toloniferous, creep- 
 
 u 
 i 
 
 ■I 
 

 
 IMAGE EVALUATBON 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 tel2.8 12.5 
 
 118 
 
 HI 
 
 u 
 
 S. " 
 
 V. u 
 
 ■ 4.0 
 
 IL25 in 1.4 
 
 M 
 
 ny^i 
 
 1.6 
 
 FhotograiJiic 
 
 Sdenoes 
 Carporation 
 
 T 
 
 
 
 
 1^ ^ 
 
 % 
 
 ^ 
 
 k^' 
 
 r<\^ 
 
 "1* 
 
 <^ 
 
 4^ 
 
 
 
 ;\ 
 
 23 WIST MAIN STRKT 
 
 VVfBSTiR,N.Y. 145M 
 
 (716) •72-4S03 
 
 '^ 
 
1 
 
 
 ;:fi/- 
 
 ^ 
 
368 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 [Ilypnum. 
 
 h 
 
 If'"* 
 
 I- J 
 
 ::i 
 
 I • 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 ; 
 
 \ 
 
 ..r ■ 
 
 Kj 
 
 
 1-1 
 
 lav' 
 
 it: 
 
 V 
 
 ;v 
 
 V *' 
 
 il 
 
 fi' 
 
 ■;i 
 
 injT, with branches erect, rooting at base and sometimes at apex, 
 c'oniplanate-foliate : leaves distichous, spreading, ovate-lanceolate 
 at base, aciiniinate or sub])ilifonn, long-aj)iciilate, concave, very 
 entire, ecostate, not decurrent at base ; areolation narrow, uni- 
 form ; pericha^tial leaves half-cla8])ing at base, oblong-ovate, 
 acuminate, entire: capsule subcernuous, obovate, long-necked, 
 enlarged at the orifice and canipannlate when dry, pale brown ; 
 ])edicel short, purple; operculum conical, rostellate ; teeth dis- 
 tantly articulate ; cilia short, robust, unequal ; annulus narrow, 
 simple. — New Zeal. Fl. ii. 476 (name only). Plafpothecmni 
 JfueUcriamim, Schimp. Syn. 584 ; Sulliv. Icon. Muse. Suppl. 89, 
 t. 66. 
 
 Had. Rocky ravines; Xew Jersey (Austin)', White Mountains 
 {James); Ohio (Lesqttereux). 
 
 108. H. SallivantiBB, Schimp. Ms. Di'^pcious : plants in 
 compact i»ale green or yellowish shining tufts ; stems erect, 
 with few branches, scattered leaves, and radicles at base: leaves 
 crowded, subimbricate, oblong-ovate, abruptly and shortly fili- 
 form-acumin'>te, very concave, thin, glossy, serrulate toward the 
 apex ; costa bifid, one of its branches sometimes longer ; areola- 
 tion very long and narrow, the basilar a little shorter and 
 broader: perichaitinl leaves erect, the inner oblong, narrowly 
 acuminate : capsule cylindrical-oblong, constricted at the neck, 
 erect, regular, subinclined, smooth when dry ; operculum long- 
 conical, obliquely short-rostrate ; cilia in pairs, stout, and nearly 
 as long as the entire segments ; annulus simple, large. — Sulliv. 
 Mosses of U. States, 80, and Icon. Muse. 207, t. 126 ; Sulliv. & 
 Lesq. Muse. Bor.-Amer. Exsicc. n. 355. Plagiothecimn Sulli- 
 vanticBy Schimp. in Bryol. Eur. Plmjiothecium^ 16. 
 
 Hab. Moist sandstone rocks and shaded banks in pine woods, Oliio. 
 
 The species published under the authority of Schimper is, as Sullivant 
 remarks (Icon. Muse. 1. c), perliaps too insufficiently characteiized to be 
 separated from Plagiothecium Roeseaninn, Bruch & Schimp. Bryol. Eur. 
 t. 504, and he adds that the better course might be to reduce both of them 
 to II. sylvaticum, a very variable species. The appearance of this moss 
 and its mode of growth are strikingly different from those of //. syl- 
 vaticum, and, even if a variety, the variety is constant in its characters. 
 It seems, therefore, justifiable to preserve a species made by Schimper 
 to honor the name of a very acute lady bryologist, who for years assisted 
 her husband in his researches. 
 
 109. H. sylvaticum, Huds. Dioecious: tufts loose, soft, 
 depressed, stoloniferous, dark green: leaves flat, distant, the 
 
 
J 
 
 Hypnum.] 
 
 BRYACE^E. 
 
 369 
 
 lateral spreading, decurrent, broadly ovate-lanceolate, short- 
 acuminate, concave, obsoletcly costate, very entire ; upper areo- 
 lation narrowly rhomboidal, gradually longer and narrower 
 downward ; the cells of the decurrent angles quadrate-oblong and 
 numerous: male plants mixed with the sterile or in sej)arate 
 tufts ; perichajtial leaves short, oblong-lanceolate, acute or short- 
 acuminate : capsule long- pedicel late, cernuous and horizontal, 
 cylindrical, contracted into a long neck, sulcate, striate and 
 constricted under the orifice when dry ; oj)erculum long-beaked, 
 the beak curved upward ; peristome large ; the teeth bright 
 orange at base; annulus double. — Fl. Angl. 419. IHagiothe- 
 cium sj/loaticiwij Bruch & Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 503 ; Lindb. 
 Faun. Flor. Fenn. ix. 28. 
 
 Var. orthocladium. Branches shorter, erect, densely 
 crowded : leaves shorter, less complanate, a little shining : cap- 
 sule oval, cernuous. — Schimp. Coroll, 115, as IHatjiothecimn. 
 P. orthocladium^ Bruch & Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 504. 
 
 Hab. Dense shaded rocks, and clayey ground in woods; the variety 
 more rarely found. 
 
 110. H. undulatum, Linn. Dioecious: plants large, widely 
 cespitos'j, whitish green ; stems very long, prostrate and arcuate, 
 rooting at the base of the innovations ; branches curved down- 
 ward or ascending, densely foliate, tumid : leaves imbricate- 
 complanate, small and ovate toward the base, gradually larger 
 above and ovate-oblong, more or less abruptly acuminate, 
 narrowed and decurrent at base, transversely undulate-rugose 
 from the middle upward, serrulate at the apex, glossy ; costa 
 short, double ; areolation very narrowly rhomboidal, small and 
 quadrate at the decurrent angles; lower perichajtial leaves 
 lecurved, the upper sheathing, longer acuminate, thin, narrowly 
 costate : capsule oblong-cylindrical, arcuate, deeply ribbed when 
 dry, enlarged at the orifice, dirty yellow, passing to brown with 
 age ; pedicel long, flexuous ; operculum large, ro.strate ; seg- 
 ments slightly split along the keel; cilia three, stout, nearly 
 as long as the segments; annulus double. — Spec. PI. 1124; 
 Schwaegr. Sujipl. iii. t. 282''- Plagiothecium undulatum^ Bruch 
 & Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 506 ; Lindb. 1. c. 27. Stereodoti imdu- 
 latu.% Mitt. 
 
 Hab. On wet mossy ground, in deep wood?; Oregon (Pickering , 
 Hall), and California (Bolander); Fort Colville (Lyall). 
 
370 
 
 BRYACEyE. 
 
 [lli/pnum. 
 
 
 * # ♦ Leaves open or snbsecwid, 
 
 111. H. Muhlenbeckii, S|>nice. Mona'cious: more or 
 less (lonsc'ly ec'spitosc : steins prostrate or asceiuling; brandies 
 and braiichlets crowded, erect : leaves densely crowded, sul>- 
 coinplanate, secuiid on the branchlets, ovate-lanceolate, grad- 
 ually narrowed into a long filiform point, dec irrent, minutely 
 and distantly serrulate, plano-convex ; costa very short and 
 obsolete, double ; cells loose, those of the decurrent angles very 
 large, inflated, dark orange ; inner perichai'tial leaves half- 
 sheathing, narrowed into a long flexuous or recurved filiform 
 ])oint : capsule suberect, cernuous, oblong-cylindrical, long- 
 necked, more or less incurved, substriate, irregularly furrowed 
 when dry, often two-coloied; oj>erculum long-conical, obtuse ; 
 peristome small, the segments entire ; membrane large ; cilia 
 three, slender, a little shorter than the segments ; annulus 
 large, comjwund. — Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, iii. tiTri. //. 
 striateflum, Brid. ; IVIuell. Syn. ii. 282. PUif/iotheciKm Mn/ilen- 
 beckiij Bruch & Scliimi). Bryol. Eur. t. 499. jP. striatellum^ 
 Lindb. 1, c. 32. 
 
 II AB. On rocks In subalpine regions, and grassy places in mountains; 
 frequent and variable. 
 
 112. H. FitZgeraldi, Renauld, in litt. Closely allied to the 
 last, differing in its shorter and stouter stems, the branches 
 short, intricate (not erect), the leaves not glossy, narrower, 
 nearly entire, and the areolation more opaque, with longer nar- 
 rower and very chlorophyllose cells. 
 
 Hau. Decayed trunks, Florida (Fitzgerald). 
 
 Though the characters are not very marked, the great difference in 
 habitat authorizes a separation of this peculiar form. 
 
 113. H. pSQUdo-Silesiacum. Monceeious : the branches 
 somewhat piano-foliate : upper leaves appressed, the lateral and 
 lower spreading, crowded, oval, narrowly acuminate, ecostate ; 
 areolation very narrowly rhomboidal ; perichaetial leaves imbri- 
 cate, ovate-lanceolate : capsule oblique or inclined, oval-oblong, 
 thin, pale brown, sulcate the whole length when dry ; j)edicel 
 short (1 cm.), straight ; operculum broadly conical, short ; 
 annulus double, revoluble. — H. Silesiacum^ Hook. & "NVils. in 
 Drumm. Muse. Amer. (Coll. II.), n. 1 1 1 . Plagiothecium pseudo- 
 Silesiacum, Schimp. Proc. Amer. Acad. xiv. 140. 
 
 Hab. Near St. Louis {Drummond}. 
 

 Ilypnum.] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 371 
 
 Species of uncertain rehttion. 
 
 114. H. SUbfalcatum. Plants prostrate, intricate, cespi- 
 tosc, briglit green, glossy ; steins irregularly Ifranching: leaves 
 <listant, distichous, coniplanate, ol)li<|uely oblong, acute, spread- 
 ing, horizontally subfalcate by curving backward, serrate-den- 
 tate at the apex ; borders reflexed toward the base ; c()sta short, 
 double, tlie nerves of unetpial length ; areolation narrowly fusi- 
 form or linear, a little shorter and broad at base. — l*ht(jio' 
 thecinm suhfalcatmn^ Aust. Muse. A])i)al. n. 3GG ; Sulliv. Icon. 
 Muse. Suppl. 90, t. G7. 
 
 ILvn. Crevices of rocks, in tlie mountains of New Jersey and New 
 York (Aniitin)\ always sterile. 
 This species may be referable to a tlifferent subgenus. 
 
 SumiExus XVI. AMULYSTEGIUM. (PI. 0.) 
 Plants very small, sometimes widely ex]»anded, creeping, 
 irregularly ramose and ramulose, without stolons. Leaves 
 spreading uniformly or subsecund, lanceolate or oval-lanceo- 
 late, generally simi)ly costate to the middle or to the apex. 
 Flowers moncecious, rarely ditccious. Caj)sule sul)erect or cer- 
 nuous upon a smooth pedicel, oval or oblong-cylindrical, sulv 
 arcuate, of soft texture. Operculum large, mamillate, blunt or 
 apiculate. Teeth of the peristome solid, closelj' articulate ; 
 segments entire ; cilia more or less perfect. The texture of the 
 leaves is soft, the areolation parenchymatous or loosely prosen- 
 chymatous, never linear or vermicular. — Amhlystegium^ 
 Schimp. 
 
 ♦ Leaves opaque; areolation parenchymatous^ more or less 
 chlorophyllose : flowers monoecious^ except in n. 115. 
 
 115. H. minutissimum, Sulliv. & Lesq. Plants very 
 small, pale green ; stems prostrate, scarcely 1 cm. long, witli 
 bundles of radicles, subpinnately divided into short erect or 
 spreading branches : leaves loose, open, narrowly lanceolate, 
 more or less distinctly serrulate on the borders, ecostate or 
 marked with short stria? ; areolation large, oblong ; perichaetial 
 leaves large, long-acuminate, coarsely dentate above : flowers 
 with scarcely any paraphyses : capsule minute, subovate, more 
 
 \Wa: 
 
'nr 
 
 372 
 
 BKYACE^. 
 
 [Ilt/pnum. 
 
 T \l 
 
 ? 
 
 If 
 
 convex on the u)»j>c'r side, coMiitricted under the lMr<;c orifice 
 when de()i>ereulate and dry, turhinate, thin, dirty yeUow ; i)e(li- 
 cel islen(U'r, 4 or i) ni.ni. long; teeth j>ale yellow, hyaline on the 
 borders; cilia 1 or li, as long as the segments; ainiulns douhle, 
 jK'rsistent. — Muse. Jior.-Amer. Exsicc. n. lU.') ; Sulliv. Mosses 
 of IT. States, 7.S, and Icon. 3Iusc. 11);'), t. I'JO. 
 
 IIah. Moist r()(;ks in shiulod ravliu's, in the C'entral States, Northern 
 New Jersey, rcnnsylvania, Ohio, Illinois; rare. 
 
 110. H. Sprucei, lirnch ]Ms. ])l(ecions: plants very small, 
 loosely cespitose ; stems capillary, those of the fertile tnfts 
 more compact and ascending, with branches and branchlcts 
 erect, those of the loose sterile tufts very long and creej)ing: 
 leaves loose, spreading, oval or oblong, lanceolate, entire, nerve- 
 less, loosely ai-eolate, green ; periduetial leaves similar, serrate 
 at the apex; antheridia without jtarajjhyses: capsule minute, 
 erect or slightly incurved, oval and obovate, with a distinct in- 
 flated neck and enlarged oi'ifice when <lry ; ojtenadum mamil- 
 late, obtuse; teeth pal"; cilia none; ainiulus very narrow, sim- 
 ]»le. — JNIuell. Syn. ii. 415. //. conferi'okles, Drumm. Muse. 
 Amer. n. ltl((. Anihli/ste(/iutn /Spracei, Bruch & Hchimp. 
 Bryol. Eur. t. 501. 
 
 IIab. Santa Fe, New Mexico (Fcndlt'r); Colorado (E. Hall, Wolf & 
 liothrock); liriiish America (DriDiiiiioiul). 
 
 117. H. subtile, Iloffm. Wi<lely cespitose, dark green, 
 strongly coherent; stems with short erect branches: leaves 
 loose, suljsecund or spreading, narrowly lanceolate from an ovate 
 base, entire, ecostate or with obscure traces of a medial nerve; 
 perichoetial leaves long and narrowly acumiinite, entire : capsule 
 suberect or subcernuous, oblong, narrowed to a short collum, 
 pale yellow, constricted under the orifice when empty ; o[)er- 
 culum highly convex, apiculate ; peristome as in the last species ; 
 annulus very narrow. — Deutsch. Fl. ii. 70. Leskea suhtiUs^ 
 Hedw. Muse. Frond, iv. '23, t. 9. Amhli/stegium subtile^ Bruch 
 <fc Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 501. 
 
 Had. Boots of trees; New England, Canada, Goat Island, etc.; not 
 rare. 
 
 118. H. COnfervoides, Brid. Differs from the last in its 
 habitat on stones, in the dark green color of the tufts, the stems 
 irregidarly branching, pinnately and closely ramulose, the leaves 
 more narrowly acuminate, the areolation more chlorophyllose, 
 the capsule cernuous, often horizontally inclined and reddish 
 
Ui/jniuin.] 
 
 BKYACE^E. 
 
 873 
 
 browr and the jioristoino more itcrfcct, with «l»ml)lo cili.i. — 
 Muse. IJc'ct'iit. Siij)i»l. ii. !;").'{. J/, ('o/tjrri'tt, S('hw!i«'i;r. Supi"!. 
 ii. 1. ir)S, t. 14*J. AinblystcyitunconftrroofiH^ Uriith A: Schimp. 
 Br vol. Eur. t. aC'J. 
 
 ll.vit. Moist limestone in woods; Ohio, Cuniulu, A\ iiitt> Mountains. 
 
 111). H. serpens, Linn. ^Mon; or K'SH (It'uscly ei'spitosi', 
 dirty or ycMowish screen; stonis crci'pinij^, radicuhtsc, densely 
 raniulosu ; Ijranchlets variahle in lenj^tli, tlexuous, erect : stem- 
 leaves remote, Hpreadini^, ovate-lanceolate, narrowly eostate to 
 below the apex, those of the branches more crowded, often 
 sgcuikI, longer acuminate and more chlorojdiyllose; leaves of 
 the pale pericluetimn obloni^, erect, narrowed into a short point, 
 broadly eostate and jdieate : capsule long-eylincbical, incurved, 
 cernuous or subarcuate, constricted under the oriiice when dry, 
 yellowish brown, often of two colors; o]>ereuhnn convex-coni- 
 cal ; teeth light brown ; segments slightly ]»erf<»rated on the 
 keel ; cilia 'J or 8, as long as the segments ; annulus of a triple 
 series of small cells. — S])ec. PI. 1130. Anibli/stcf/iuni serpens, 
 Bruch & Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 504. 
 
 Hah. On dccayecl wood, and in shady moist places on the ground; not 
 frequent in the Eastern States, common in California, and extremely 
 variable. 
 
 120. H. radicale, Beauv. Loosely ces])itose ; stems root- 
 ing and creeping, irregularly and densely ramulose, the branch- 
 lets short, rigid, suberect : leaves spreading, more crowded than 
 in the last species, broadly ovate aiul cordate at base, narrowly 
 lanceolate and long-acuminate, strongly eostate to the apex ; 
 areolation more dense, exactly j)arenchymatous, elongated- 
 rhomboidal, round-quadrate or rectangidar at the base and the 
 bisal angles, thick-walled, chlorophyllose ; j)ericha'tial leaves 
 oblong, narrowly acuminate, eostate to the apex : ca]>sule long- 
 pedicellate, arcuate or inclined, narrow-cylindrical, constricted 
 under the orifice when empty, brown ; segments entire ; cilia 
 slender and shorter ; annulus composed of a triple series of cells. 
 — Prod. 68. Amhlystegmm radicale^ Bruch & Schimp. Bryol. 
 Eur. t. 565. II. varium^ Beauv. ; Sulliv. Muse. Allegh. n. 30. 
 II. serpens^ var. varium^ Muell. Syn. ii. 412, in part. AmUy- 
 stegiiim serpens., var. radicale^ Aust. Muse. Appal. Stereodon 
 radicalism Mitt. Joum. Linn. Soc. viii. 48. 
 
 Hab. Decayed trunks, roots of trees, wet ground, or shady places; 
 very common and extremely variable. 
 
 <i. 
 
 iHI ' 
 
TT 
 
 374 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 [Ifypnum, 
 
 M 
 
 I 
 
 t!fi 
 
 I:; 
 ■I 
 
 i} 
 
 In Its nunifiroiis vaiiotles tliis species seems to pass Into the last. There 
 is, however, a constant difference in its more rigid leaves, broader and 
 cordate at base, the costa stouter and percurrent, and the an-olation 
 shorter and thick. The capsule is generally more solid, of a nnitorm 
 brown color, not red at the mouth; the operculum a little longer, sharply 
 acute and often rostellate. 
 
 llil. H. Orthocladon, Boauv. Plants in large deep some- 
 what loose dark green tufts ; branchlets numerous, ereet, 1 or '2 
 c.ni. long or more : stem-leaves broadly ovate-cordate at base, 
 acuminate, those of the branches narrower, open-erect, concave, 
 entire or obscurely serrulate ; costa thick, subpercurrent ; cells 
 thick, chlorophyllose, subrhomboidal ; perichietial leaves erect, 
 the inner membranous, plicate-striate, distinctly and obtusely 
 dentate above, cuspidate by the excurrent very broad costa: 
 capsule large, long-cylindrical, narrowed into a long collum, 
 slightly incurved, cermious, yellowish brown ; i)edicel long, 
 tlexuous, red ; operculum large, liighly convex, conical-apicu- 
 late ; j)eristome of 71. seiyens ; annulus simple, narrow. — 
 Prod. 72; SuHiv. Icon. Muse. 109, 1. 122. 11. variiim^ Hook 't 
 Wils., Drumm. ]Musc. Amer. (Coll. II.), n. 142. // serpens^ var. 
 varium^ Muell., in ])art. 11. serpens^ var. orthocladon^ Aust. 1. c. 
 IlAn. Margins of swamps and springy places, on the ground, on stones, 
 and decayed logs; very connuon, and very difficult to separate from the 
 last species. 
 
 122. H. irriguum, Ilook. & Wils. Plants drooping, ces- 
 pitose ; stems rigid ; branches siibpiimately ramulose : leaves 
 solid, spreading and subsecund, opaque, deltoid-ovate, obcordate 
 or decurrent at base, acuminate, subsorrulate, costate to the 
 aj)ex ; basilar areolation much enlarged : capsule oblong or 
 strongly arcuate and contracted below the mouth when dry, 
 pale brown ; operculum as in the last species ; teeth orange 
 below, with a broad hyaline border ; annulus of a triple series 
 of cells. — Wils. Bryol. Brit. 361. Amblystegium fluviatile^ 
 Bruch & Schinip. Bryol. Eur. t. 566, not Swartz. 
 
 Var. spinifolium. Tufts greenish black ; stems long, rigid, 
 thick, immersed, flexuoiis, prostrate, irregularly pinnate : leaves 
 appressed, strict, solid, narrower, sublinear, cuspidate by the 
 very thick excurrent costa. — 11. Jiuviatile, James, Proc. Acad. 
 Phil. 1855, 447. II. noterophilum, Sidliv. & Lesq. Muse. Bor.- 
 Amer. Exsicc. n. 348 ; SuUiv. Mosses of U. States, 78. 
 
 Hab. Niagara Falls, Trenton Falls, and Little Falls, New Jersey; the 
 variety in limestone springs, Pennsylvania {Porter). 
 
. 
 
 lll/imnni.] 
 
 BUYACE.E. 
 
 375 
 
 1'2:{. H. fluviatile, Swartz. Tufts flat, soft, <lirty crrocn ; 
 stt'iMs with fi'W radicU's, prostrate, (U'liudatf of K-avi-s in tlie 
 lou'iT part by inaceratioii ; branclik'ts fi'W, suhcnTt : U'avos 
 inori' or less ivmoto, opt'ii, t)vatc' or ohioni^-laiict'olatc, t'oiicavo, 
 the lionU'rs rt'ciirved at base; costa very thick, abruptly dis- 
 solved beh)\v tlie apex ; areohition very hiose, obloiijjf-ovate, 
 larLjer at the base, but uniform ; periehjetial leaves erect, costate : 
 capsule loiiLC-cylindrical, arcuate, solid, yellowish brown ; peri- 
 stome normal. — Muse. Suee. O.'J. Ainbljstt'yintn Jlnciatiie, 
 liruch tfe Schiinp. liryol. Eur. t. >ii)7. 
 IIah. Oh rocks, Closlor, Nt!\v Jersey (Austin); Ontario {}frs. Itoij). 
 
 124. H. adnatum, Iledw. Plants depresse<l, in wide flat 
 pale i;reen or yellowish mats; stems ('reepiuLT, irreufularly 
 branehinu;, closely ramulose ; branchlets short, distichous : leaves 
 ch>se, ereet-sj)readin,i;, ovate or oblonj^, ii^ra<lually acuminate, 
 very concave and entire, ecostate or shortly bistriate at base ; 
 .ireol.'ition pellucid, subrhotnboidal, prosenchyniatous, elonu^ated 
 at base, smaller, quadrate and opaque at the basilar anLjles ; 
 outer perlcha;tial leaves ovate, narrowly acuminate, sprea<lin«x, 
 the inner larjifer, erect, obloni^, abruptly acuminate, coarsely and 
 irregularly dentate below the point, more distinctly costate to 
 the middle: capsule erect, cernuous, oblong, unecpial, gra<bially 
 narrowed to a short pedicel, reddish above, yellowish below; 
 operculum pale, convex-conical, more or less long-pointed ; teeth 
 yellowish ; cilia one or two, nearly as lojig as the entire seg- 
 ments ; annuhis persistent. — Spec, Muse. 248, t. G4 ; Sulliv. 
 Mosses of IT. States, 78, and Icon. Muse. 197, t. 121. 
 
 Hah. Shady woods on stones or on trees near the surface of the 
 ground ; common and variable. 
 
 125. H. COmpactum, Muell. Plants small, in very com- 
 pact tufts, reddish brown within, greenisli on the surface ; stems 
 slender, 2 or 3 cm. long, erect, fasciculately ramose, tomentose- 
 radiculose to near the apex ; branches closely foliate : leaves 
 erect-spreading, ovate-lanceolate, gradually acuminate, decurrcnt 
 at base, concave, serrulate on the borders especially below, 
 thickly costate to near the apex ; areolation loose, narrowly 
 rhomboidal, fusiform, with few smaller quadrate alar cells; 
 perichaetial leaves oblong, more abruptly acuminate, distinctly 
 serrulate at the apex, narrowly costate : capsule erect or slightly 
 inclined, oblong, thin, constricted under the broad orifice, long- 
 
 r^*l 
 
 &. ii 
 
 i 
 
 'I . 
 
 'f 
 
 is 
 
 / 
 
376 
 
 BIIYACE.E. 
 
 [Ilupnum. 
 
 u 
 
 1. • 
 
 jHMliccllatc, narrowed to a distinct colluin ; operciiliini conical, 
 ueute or Hhort-rostcllate; tuctli palo yellow; segments sli;;iitly 
 cleft alonuj the keel ; cilia Hin^le, very short; unnnliis simple. — 
 Syn. ii. 4UM; Sulliv. Icon. Muse. lii)l, t. V2-i. Jli/pnnm mrj>cn.% 
 yiXY.cohtjK'.ction^ Dnirnni. Muse. Anier. n. 188. JStereodoii com- 
 parttis, Mitt. 1. c. 
 
 II AH. Oil (It'oayetl wood; Urltish America { Drummond) ; Fort Colvillc 
 {Li/iill); Ncviula ( W'litHon); Oiilurio, Canada {Mncnim). 
 
 Amldi/ntiyliiiit serrntuin, IJruch A Scliiinp. (IJryol. ?^ir. Aiuhlifstcuhnn, 
 11; Siilllv. Mosses of U. States, 7H), proliably bolonj;s to tliis species. 
 
 l-(). H. Lescurii, Sulliv. Tufts loose, dark j?reen or Mack; 
 stems prostrate, defoliate at base, irreufularly brandiini^ and 
 rainulose ; branchlets close, une<|ual : leaves loosely iinltricate, 
 erect-spreadinuf, thick, o])a(iue, serrulate all around the borders, 
 those of the stem broadly ovate-cordate, abruptly short-acumi- 
 nate, tliosc of the branches narrower and ovate-lanceolate, all 
 concave with a yellowish border formed of 4 or 5 rows of flex- 
 nous linear cells; costa very thick, vanishini; in the apex ; cells 
 hexaijonal-oblonuf, chlorophyllose ; i)ericha'tial leaves erect, ob- 
 long-lanceolate, cuspidate by the excurrent costa, striate leni^tli- 
 wise : t-apsule obloni^, cernuous or subincurved, short-necke<l ; 
 pedicel 1 to 3 cm. long, reddish ; lid convex-conical, ajiiculate ; 
 teeth golden yellow, connate at base; segments dehiscent along 
 the keel ; cilia two, stout, nearly as long as the segments ; 
 aimulus large, compound. — Mosses of U. States, 79, and Icon. 
 Muse. 203, t. 24 ; Sulliv. & Lesq. IMusc. Bor.-Amer. Exsicc. n. 350. 
 Had. On moist roclcs; first found at Tallulali Falls, Georgia {Les- 
 quprcux); afterwards in most of tlie Middle States, from Maine to Penn- 
 sylvania; not common. 
 
 # # Plants loosely cespitose: leaves soft, decurrent ; areolation 
 rhombic-hexagonal, loose at base, rectangular at the angles. 
 
 127. H. riparium, Linn. Growing in wide loose soft dirty 
 or yellowish green flat tufts ; stems long, sometimes very long, 
 creeping or floating, flaccid, with few branches, irregularly 
 ramulose : leaves crowded or distant, generally distichous, some- 
 times subsecund, shortly decurrent, broadly ovate or oblong- 
 lanceolate or sagittate, excavate at the basilar angles, more or 
 less narrowly and long-acuminate, very entire, costate to above 
 the middle ; areolation narrowly rhomboidal, loosely quadrate 
 at the angles, with the primordial utricles very distinct, espe- 
 
1 \ 
 
 IIl/l>niiin.\ 
 
 BIIYACE.E. 
 
 8 
 
 < 4 
 
 cially nt the base; outer pciiclui'tial K-avcs sprcadinu; from tlu 
 ini(l«lU', tlu! imuT Ioiij^it, eiTct, narrowly acuiniiiatc aii<l oostate', 
 bistriato: capHiili; incurved, subhorizontal, oval or cylindrical- 
 oblonjJT, arcuate when dry, light brown, often of two c<»lors; 
 operculum lariife, oranj^e, conical-a|»iculate ; peristome larjje ; 
 teeth dark oranuje; cilia two or three, apjtendiculate, as long as 
 the segments, which are entire or slightly cleft ; annulus com- 
 pound. — Spec. 1*1. lllJU. Amhlt/stef/uan ri/xtn'Kni, IJruch tfc 
 Schimp. IJryol. Kur. t. 570, 571. iStt:i'e(nlon rlpitrtan^ Mitt. 
 
 Var. abbreviatum. Stc-ms short : leaves small, more com- 
 pact : capsule shorter. 
 
 Var. flaccidum. Small ; stems filiform, very long ; branches 
 and branchlets flat, soft, <livergent: leaves distant, sagittate- 
 lanceolate, li)ng-acuminate : pedicel short aid capsule small. 
 
 Var. fluitans. Stems and branches long, soft, dirty yellow : 
 leaves closely imbricate*! : rarely fertile. 
 
 II An. Stonos, decayed wood, and roots of trees, In swamps and stag- 
 nant water, especially var. Jiaccidniu ; borders of streams, noating in 
 tlie mud, var. fluitans; very common on botli slopes of Noitii America. 
 
 Only the more marked American forms of this polymorphous species 
 are given here. Its small states resemble //. sprpcns, larger it Is much 
 like II, flnititns, and in streams it resembles Fonthmlis hiformis. 
 
 1-8. H. vacillans. Plants intricate, closely ccspitose; 
 stems ])rocuml)ent, sparingly subpinnately branching : stem- 
 leaves more distant, two-ranked, erect-spreading, narrowly 
 lanceolate-acuminate, those of the branches narrow, oblong- 
 lanceolate, acute or blunt at the apex ; costa stout, three-fourths 
 of the length of the leaves ; cells narrow, irregul.nr at the apex, 
 broadly quadrate and pellucid at the angles: capsule suberect, 
 rugose; operculum conical, obtuse; cilia rugulose, shorter than 
 the segments; anmdus simi>le, narrow. — Ainbli/stegium vacil- 
 lans,, Sulliv. Icon. Muse. Suppl. 90, t. 72. 
 II AB. White Mountains ( Oakes). 
 
 SuBGEXus XVII. CAMPYLIUM. 
 
 Stems prostrate, with crowded ascending branches. Leaves 
 abruptly long-acuminate from a broad ovate base, subsquarrose, 
 scarcely costate; areolation minute, linear, flexuous. Capsule 
 subarcuate, often of two colors; pedicel smooth. Operculum 
 convex-conic. — Campylium,, Mitt. 
 
irfT 
 
 378 
 
 imYACE.E. 
 
 [TTj/pnum. 
 
 li!:; 
 
 }: 
 
 I'-M). H. hispidulum, \hh\. Mnmwiom: \AautH siimll, in- 
 ti'rliU't'<l ill (Iciisu l»ri;^lit ^rt'cii tiit'ts, yollowiHh Wlow ; Htt'iim 
 prostrate, nKliculosc, irregularly siihpiniiatcly raiiiiiloHc ; thu 
 braiichlt'tH sk'iKJt'r, erect or expanded: leaves loose, liorizoiital 
 or NfpiarroHe-retlexed, soft, round-deltoid, aciiniinate, decurrent 
 at base, slij^litly concave, Hui)serrulate all around ; costa double, 
 very short or none ; cells of the basilar aiij^les numerous, sul)- 
 <|uadrate, i^ranulose; perichietial leaves whitish, oljhuiij and 
 loii^-acuminate, retlexed at tht; apex : capsule small, oblong, 
 more or less incurved, with a wide orifice, yellowish brown ; 
 pedicel comparalively long (- cm.), pale yellow; operculum 
 convex-conical, apiculate and curved upward ; cilia appeiidicu- 
 late, nearly as long as the slightly cleft segments; annuluH 
 simple. — .Muse. Ueccnt. Sup|>l. ii. IDH; Sulliv. Mosses of U. 
 States, 77, and Icon. Muse. 198, t. 111). Jl. J/af/eri, var. (?), 
 Hook. & Wils. in ])rumm. Muse. Ainer. (coll. II.), n. 147. 
 JI. stelfdtunt^ var. hiHjndidton,, JJrid. Bryol. Univ. ii. G03. 
 Carnpi/luihi hixpidnlHin^ Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. xii. 031. 
 IIaii. Kout.s of trees ami bushes, near the ground in swampy places. 
 
 130. H. chrysophyllum, IJrid. Diujcious: in loose intri- 
 cate dirty or yellowish green tufts; stems long, slender, pros- 
 trate, flexuous, pinnately ramulose, the branchlets erect: leaves 
 close, reflexed-s(piarrulo8e from an erect concave base, entire; 
 costa simple, narrow, ascendmg to above the middle ; outer 
 pericha'tial leaves squarrose, the inner erect ; capsule long- 
 pedicellate, cylindrical-oblong, incurved, pale orange; cilia 
 stout, nearly as long as tlie entire segments; annulus large, 
 compound. — Muse. Itecent. iii. 84, t. 2, fig. 2. // poly- 
 morp/mm, Bruch & Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 583, not Iledw. ; 
 Sulliv. Mosses of U. States, 77. 
 
 Var. tenellura. Plants smaller: leaves less squarrose, 
 glossy, more distant, narrower, longer and more narrowly acu- 
 minate, longer areolate. — IT. Her (/enenae, Aust. Muse. Appal, 
 n. 391. 
 
 Had. On the ground, roots of trees, and decaying trunks; plains and 
 mountains. 
 
 The species is very variable and some of its forms closely resemble 
 H. Sommerfeltii, Myrin, wliich is a much smaller moss, wiih serrulate 
 leaves. H. Bergenense, Aust., at first figured by SuUivant as a species 
 for the Supplement of the Icones, was later considered by him as a variety 
 of this species. 
 
:':i\ 
 
 lll/imum.] 
 
 niCYACK.K. 
 
 379 
 
 l<n. H. stellatuxn, Sclircb. DlaviouH: plants r<>)iiist, 
 erect or |>roMtr:itt', in tlt'i-p loosi- intrioati' l)ro\vM or y«.'il«'W tufts; 
 Stom wiibdi'iiotoriious, f;istii;i:iti', HCMrccly radiculost' : U-avrrt 
 close, N<|iiarroMe, HuI»<Ieeurrciit, (lattisli, very entire, j^lossy, 
 niaiketl at hasc with two short yelh)wi>'h stria' instead of etista; 
 areohition very narrow, enlarj^ed an«I reetanjrular at the hasal 
 nn«;U's; periehiutinni short, the lower leaves recurved froin the 
 middle, the upper erect, plicate lenn^thwisc, t;radual!y narrowed 
 into a Ioiil; tiliforni point: male plant smaller and less divided 
 than the fertile: capsule incurved, cernuous, oMoni^ (»r nuI»- 
 cylin<lrical, brown, sulcate j'nd constricted under the orillcu 
 when empty; operculum hij^hly convc\-a<'uminate ; teeth 
 oranjje at hase, yellowish ahove; seujnu'Hts slightly cleft ; cilia 
 two, neai'ly as long as tlie segments; annulus broad, compotmd. 
 — Spicil. Fl. Lips. i)'J; liryol. Eur. t. 584. A)uhh/i<t('ijiu>n 
 8telhiti())i^ I^indb. 
 
 Var. protensum, Bmch & Schimp. 1. c. Stem drooping, 
 much branched and densely ramulose, in dense yellowish green 
 tufts : leaves shorter. 
 
 II An. I3o;j;j;y prairies and swamps; rare In fmlt. Found in fniit noar 
 Lancaster, Tennsylvania (T. C. Porter). Tlic variety at Little Falls, N»!\v 
 York; Canada {^fnco^m). 
 
 132. H. polygamum, Wils. Closely related to the last, 
 differing in its less robust j>lants in shorter greenish brown tufts, 
 the leaves less crowded and less squ^rrose, narrower and com- 
 paratively longer, ovate or oblong at base, gradually narrowed 
 into a long subulate point, narrowly costate to below the point, 
 and the areolation looser: pericha'tium radiculose below, the 
 flowers fertile and bisexual, aggregate*! at its base. — IJryol. 
 Brit. 365; Schimp. Coroll. 131. Ambh/stef/itnu jtohidamum^ 
 Bruch & Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 572. //. stellatnm, Drumm. 
 Muse. Amer. n. 184, in part. 
 
 Hab. British America (Druuimoml)', swamps around Closter, New 
 Jersey (Austin); Chelsea, Massachusetts {James). 
 
 ^: fl 
 
 
 Subgenus XVIII. HARPIDIUM. 
 
 Plants with few brandies, rootless, long, subpinnately ramu- 
 lose, more or less hooked-curved. Leaves falcate-secund, lili- 
 formly acurainats, simply costate, of firm texture; areolation 
 narrow, linear, enlarged toward the base and generally inflated 
 
380 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 [Ilypnum. 
 
 r ■ 
 
 If ^ 
 
 at the Insal excavated angles. Capsule oblong-cylindrical, 
 rcct-cernuous, on a smooth pedicel. Operculum shortly convex- 
 conical. 
 
 133. H. aduncum, Iledw. Dioecious : stem-leaves falcate- 
 sccund, broadly ovate or lanceolate, gradually long-acuminate, 
 It'xuous or half-twisted at the apex, with a thin compresse«l 
 costa two-thirds of the length of the leaf; those upon the 
 branchlets smaller, falcate, rarely spreading, soft and thin ; 
 basilar areolation hexagonal-rectangula", larger, inflated, jtellu- 
 cid at the <lecurrent angles, narrower in the middle, very long, 
 narrow and rectangular or rhomboidal-h 'xangular at the apex ; 
 basilar pericha?tial leaves very broadly ovate, gradually larger 
 above, ovate and oblong-lanceolate, the inner long-acuminate, 
 narrowly costate and sulcate, all erect, thin, pale : capsule cy- 
 lindrical or incurved-oblong, arcuate and sulcate when dry; 
 operculum convex, short-apiculate ; teeth brown; segments 
 yellow, entire or cleft between the articulations ; cilia two or 
 three, subappendiculate ; annulus compound, large. — Muse. 
 Frond, iv. 02, t. 24; Schimp. Bryol. Eur. Suppl. IL/pmtm, t. 1. 
 
 Var. intermedium. Stems long, irregularly pinnate-ramu- 
 lose: leaves abru})tly short-acuminate from an ovate base or 
 long-lanceolate, subsecund ; lower branch-leaves ovate, short- 
 acuminate, ecostate, the middle lanceolate, subfalcate, short- 
 costate, the upper long-lanceolate, narrowly acuminate. — 
 Schimi 1. c, t. 1, B 1-8. 
 
 Var. Kneiffli, Schimp. 1. c. Stems long, flexuous, soft, 
 prostrate or ascending, more divided ; branches sim])le or un- 
 equally ramulose: leaves narrowly lanceolate, costate to the 
 middle; basilar areolation narrower, angular, very large and 
 Iiexagonal at the angles; lower perichaetial leaves spreading 
 from the middle, the upper deep.ly sulcate. — Amblystegivm 
 Kneiffii^ Bruch & Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 573. Stereodon 
 Kneiffii^ Mitt. 
 
 Var. polycarpum, Bruch & Schimp. Stems curved down- 
 ward, slender, more branched and ramulose : leaves loose, open, 
 subfalcate, those of the apex falcate-secund, soft, green, broadly 
 ovate or oblong, narrowed at base, narrowly lanceolate ; areo- 
 lation as in the var. Kneiffii: abundantly I'ruiting. — Bryol. 
 Eur. t. 605, y. H. pohjcarpon^ Bland. H. Knei^i^ Schimp. 
 CoroU. 135. 
 
Ilypnum.] 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 381 
 
 Var. gracilescens, Bmch <fc Schimp. Tufts soft, yellowish ; 
 stems slender, erect, sparingly branehinu:, pinnately raiuulose, 
 the upper branchlets longer: leaves smaller, open, falcate or 
 refle.ved from the middle or undulate ilexuous at the apex, 
 lanceolate-acuminate from an enlarged cordate base, costate to 
 above the middle; basilar areolation loose, rectangular-hexagonal, 
 that of the apex long and flexuous-linenr ; leaves of the branch- 
 lets narrower, lanceolate-acvmiinate, uncijuite. — Bryol. Eur. 
 t. 004, fig. 3, 22, 23, and t. 605, j?. 
 
 Var..tenue, Bruch & Schimj). Stem prostrate or ascending, 
 very slender, pinnately or irregularly ramulose: leaves small, 
 upon the stems open-secund and ovate-lanceolate, on the 
 branches very narrow and falcate or flexuous, the pericha3tia 
 often aggregated ; like the last, but more slender and prostrate. 
 — Bryol. Eur. t. 605, <J. 
 
 Var. hamatum. Plants very large and regularly pin- 
 nately rannilose ; branchlets spreading, ligid, incurved hamate 
 at the apex : young leaves yellowish green, shining, the old 
 brown or blackish, all solid, long-lanceolate, acuminate, auricu- 
 late at the excavated angles ; basal cells oval-rectangular, twice 
 longer than broad, those of the auricles (piadrate, the middle 
 longer and narrowly hexagonal-rectangular, the apical very 
 narrow, loiig, linear-hexagonal, diaphanous; costa stout, solid, 
 rather broader than thick, reaching nearly Lo the apex, yellowish 
 brown: flowers and fruit unknown. — If. adioicuni, var. hama- 
 tum and var. (/if/atiteum, Bruch & Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 606. 
 JI. hamifoHum^ Schimp. Syn. ed. 2, 732. 
 
 Hah. Swampy ground, bogs and ditclies; vory variable and common, 
 but rarely fruiting. Var. (/racilesccns in limestone springs, Pennsyl- 
 vania; var. Kneiffil, with loose leaves (var. ULrum, Milde), near Closter, 
 New Jersey (Austin); and var. hamatum, in peat bogs and on the bor- 
 ders of lakes in Minnesota, and in swamps near Milwaukee, AVisconsin 
 (LeHqiiereux). 
 
 134. H. Sendtneri, Schimp. Dicecious: tufts deep oikI 
 
 wide, dirty red or bright green at the surface, fuscous or black 
 
 within ; plants long, simple, flexuous, pinnately ramulose ; 
 
 branchlets involute at the apex : leaves crow<led, falcate-secund, 
 
 broadly ovate or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, hooked, recurved 
 
 from the middle, very concave, somewhat glossy, slightly striate 
 
 when dry, and slightly decurrent and excavate at the angles ; 
 
 basilar cells long-rectangular, narrower toward the borders, 
 
 % 
 
 4 
 
 J' : 
 
 
882 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Hypnum. 
 
 1:11 
 
 colored and hyaline, those of the angles thick, long, siibquad- 
 rate, dark-orange ; i)ericha;tium as in the preceding : capsule 
 long, cernuous, erect at base or horizontally arched, cylindrical- 
 oblong, constricted under the orifice and irregularly sulcatc 
 when dry ; operculum convex, short-aj»iculate ; teeth dark 
 orange ; segments narrowly cleft between the articulations ; 
 cilia 2 or 3, as long as the segments, stout, subappendiculate 
 and i)unctulate; annulus large, compound, i)ersi8tent. — Bryol. 
 Eur. Suppl. J/i/jmumy t. 2, 3. Amblysteyium JSendtneri^ Lindb. 
 
 Var. Wilsoni, Schimp. I. c. Tufts deep, soft or irregularly 
 drooping, dirty yellow or fuscous ; plants very long (a foot or 
 more) ; stems slender, simple or scarcely divided, distantly rara- 
 ulose : leaves larger, filiform-acuminate, more or less arcuate or 
 hooked ; basilar angles shorter and quadrate ; basilar areolation 
 shorter. — Ambh/stegium Wilsoni^ Lindb. 
 
 IlAn. The variety only has been found in North America, in water, at 
 Budd's Lalte, New Jersey (T. P. Juines), as deicruiiued by Kenault. 
 
 135. H. uncinatum, Iledw. Monoecious: tufts pale or 
 yellowish green, erect or droojung; stems solid, distantly pin- 
 nately ramulose ; branchlets attenuate-falcate at the apex : 
 leaves long, falcate-secund or hooked, lanceolate-subulate, plicate, 
 minutely serrulate above, thinly costate ; areolation very nar- 
 row, more enlarged at base, broader and rectangular at the 
 slightly excavate angles; pericha3tium very long, the outer 
 leaves recurved from the middle, costate, the inner very long 
 and long filiform-acuminate, sharjdy serrate at the apex, cos- 
 tate and plicate, soft : capsule cernuous, incurved or suberect, 
 cylindrical, solid, constricted under the orifice when dry, brown- 
 orange, darker when old ; o])erculum orange, highly convex, 
 conical-acuminate; teeth orange at the base, yellowish above; 
 segments slightly cleft, and the two slender cilia as long as the 
 teeth ; annulus broad, of three rows of cells. — Muse. Frond, 
 iv. 65, t. 45 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 600. Stereodon uncinatits^ Brid. 
 
 "Var. abbreviatum, Bruch & Schimp. 1. c. Stems shorter: 
 leaves narrower, incurved, falcate : capsule shorter-pedicellate, 
 nearly erect, brown. 
 
 Var. plumosum, Schimp. Droo]>ing, widely creeping, 
 soft, pinnately ramulose : leaves hooked, with a long flexuous 
 loricate or capillary distantly serrate point: capsule narrow, 
 cylindrical, incurved. — Syn. 612. 
 
Ilypnuin.] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 383 
 
 Var. plumulosum, Bruch & Schimp. 1. c. Very small and 
 Blender, intricately cespitose and creejiing, pinnately ramulose: 
 leaves small, with a shorter ])oint, curv 'd in a circle, «listantly 
 serrulate at apex : cajisule short-pedicellate, small. — J/. Pcckii^ 
 Aust. in Kep. Heg. Univ. of State of N. York, xxv. 71. 
 
 Var. gracilescens, Bruch & Schimp. More densely cespi- 
 tose ; stem erect, slender, densely ramulose : leaves shorter, 
 solid, less falcate. 
 
 Var. SUbjulaceum, Bruch & Schimp. Stem erect, with 
 few branchlets, teretely imbricate : leaves erect-secund, scarcely 
 uncinate, green, glossy : capsule suberect, cylindrical. 
 
 Var. fragile. Stems fragile, erect, subflexuous, simple or 
 sparingly branching by innovations : leaves subhomomallous, 
 uncinate, very concave, narrowly acuminate, gradually narrowed 
 at base, very entire ; areolation linear, fusiform ; basilar cells 
 much shorter, scarcely broader ; those of the auricles subin- 
 flated. — H. Jamesii^ Aust., Coult. Bot. Gaz. ii. 142. 
 
 Hab. On stones bordering rivulets or on shaded ground, and rarely 
 on decayed wood ; very common in alpine and subalpine regions, and very 
 variable. 
 
 136. H. fluitans, Linn. Mona3cious: plants in soft loose 
 yellowish dirty red tufts, often immersed or floating ; stems 
 long, slender, with dichotomous divisions, pimiately ramulose : 
 Btem-leaves distant, flexuous, 8[)reading, only those of the apex 
 hooked, long-lanceolate, gradually narrowly acuminate; those 
 of the branches and branchlets narrower, curved to one side or 
 falcate-secund, all costate to near the apex, concave, not sulcate, 
 minutely denticulate on the borders; areolation very narrowly 
 rhomboidal, enlarged at the decurrent angles ; perichaetial leaves 
 costate, the inner broad and long, narrowly acuminata: capsule 
 erect at base, oblong, incurved, with a distinct colhim, soft; 
 pedicel very long and flexuous; operculum highly convex, 
 mamillate; teeth short; segments entire; cilia one or tw'O, 
 thick, shorter than the segments; annulus none. — Fl. Succ. 
 322 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 602. Amblystegium fluitans^ DeNot. Briol. 
 Ital. 143. 
 
 Var. submersum, Schimp. Stems very long and very 
 slender, with few branches and branchlets : leaves longer, very 
 soft, flat, pale green w^hen young, fuscous when old: capsule 
 shorter, thicker, on a very long slender straight pedicel. — 
 Syn. 609. 
 
 I 
 
 •A 
 
 
w 
 
 384 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Ilypnum. 
 
 r; a 
 
 ! ' 
 
 l-i 
 
 f 
 
 ! ' 
 
 Var. falcatum, Rnieh & Schimp. 1. c. More robust and 
 more densely rainulose : leaves larger, more crowded, falcatc- 
 seciind, soI'kI, yellowish when young, brown when old. 
 
 Var. Jamesii. Branches long, regularly pinnately ramu- 
 lose : leaves long, very narrow ; costa stout, nearly percurrent. 
 
 Had. Ditches, open deep swamps, and peat-bogs; coiuuiou. The lust 
 variety in tlie Wliite Mountains (James). 
 
 137. H. exannulatum, Guembel. Stems erect or droop- 
 ing, varying in length ; branches and branchlets circinnate by 
 the incurving of the leaves : leaves crowded, uncinate-secund, 
 the upper falcate, long-lanceolate, narrowly acuminate, concave, 
 not sulcate, minutely serrate below, nearly entire above, nar- 
 rowly costate to near the a])ex, glossy ; areolation vermicular, 
 very narrow, larger and longer at base than in the middle ; cells 
 of the auriculate angles large and inflated, liyaline: ca])8ule 
 long-pedicellate, erect-incurved, cylindrical-ol)long; operculum 
 convex-conical, apiculate ; peristome perfect ; segments and 
 cilia (three) as long as the teeth; annulus none. — Bryol. Eur. 
 t. 603. Amblysteginm examiitlatuni^ DeNot. 1. c. 142. 
 
 Had. Marshy places; Catskill Mountains (C. //. Peck)', rare. 
 
 Differs from Il.fluitans in the more solid narrower and more falcate 
 leaves, distinctly auriculate at base, the narrower areolation, and the di- 
 (ecious inflorescence. 
 
 138. H. revolvens, Swartz. Monajcious: tufts soft, red- 
 dish brown or nearly black ; stems slender, erect-flexuous, 
 branching, fastigiately ramulose : leaves twisted or circinnate- 
 falcate, long sublinear-lanceolate, long filiform-acuminate, costate 
 to .above the middle or at the base only on the branchlets ; areo- 
 lation very narrow, vermicidar, with a few elongated hyaline 
 basilar cells; outer perichietial leaves erect, abruptly filiform- 
 acuminate from a short ovate base, ecostate, the inner long, 
 gradually long-acuminate, sulcate and narrowly costate to the 
 base of the point : capsule erect at the distinctly necked base, 
 cernuous, oblong-oval, scarcely constricted under the orifice 
 when dry ; operculum convex-conical, apiculate ; cilia two, 
 shorter than the slightly cleft segments; annulus large, of a 
 triple row of cells. — Muse. Suec. 38, t*. 7, fig. 14; Bryol. Eur. 
 t. 601. Amblystegium revolvens, DeNot. 1. c. 140. 
 
 Var. intermedium. Leaves more densely crowded, cir- 
 cinnate, shorter, with a shorter spirally incurved point ; areo- 
 lation shorter and broader. 
 
IJypnum.] 
 
 BUYACE.E. 
 
 385 
 
 Hah. Deep swamps of Northern Ohio {Lcaqnereux), sterilo; Alaska 
 {llarrinyton), fertile. The variety at Niagara Falls (E. A. llaii). 
 
 'I'he variety is considered by Kenault as JJ. C'oaaojii, a form of //. cer- 
 nicoitiiin. 
 
 liiy. H. verniCOSUm, Liiulb. Dia?c'i()U8: widely cos]»itoso, 
 dirty green or yellow, fuseous within; J)l5int8 long, erect, j)in- 
 nately nuuulose; hranelilets short, si)re.'iding at right jnigles, 
 involute, hooked at the apex : leaves very glossy, secund, hamate, 
 relk'xed from the middle, ovate or broadly oblong-lanceolate, 
 acuminate, very entire, not decurrent nor auriculate at base, 
 concave and sulcate, costate to above tlie middle ; areolation 
 long and narrovdy vermicular, the lower basilar cells broader, 
 reddish brown in two rows; outer pericluetial leaves reflexed 
 at the a|»ex, the upj)er long, gradually acuminate, costate, 
 deejily sulcate: ca])s»de long-])edicellate, oblong, subarcuate, 
 horizontal, much arcuate and constricted uiuler the enlarge«l 
 mouth when dry ; operculum mamillate ; peristome large, nor- 
 mal ; annulus broad, compound. — Ilartm. Skand. Fl. ed. 8, 
 17; Schimp. Bryol. Eur. Suppl. Jlt/pnnni, 4, t. 4. //. Cossoniy 
 Schimp. 1. c. 5, t. 6. Amhlystegiwn vernicosum, Lindb. Muse. 
 Seand. 33. 
 
 Had. Bogs, Jordansville, New York {Anstiii}; Brushhill Gap, near 
 Easton, Pennsylvania (James)', Pack Kiver, British America (LyuU). 
 
 140. H. lycopodioides, Schwacgr. DicDcious: plants 
 large, in deep soft tufts, yellowish bi'own at the surface, dark 
 brown within ; stems long (15 to 20 cm.), flexuous, erect or 
 drooping, with few dichotoraous branches and distant opei) 
 branchlets, hooked at the apex : leaves large, falcate or flexuous, 
 secund, ovate or oblong-lanceolate, long-acuminate, narrowly 
 costate to near the apex, soft; areolation of very narrow ver- 
 micular undulate cells, the basilar only shorter and broader, the 
 alar (in only two rows) serrate, quadrate; inner pericha3tial 
 leaves long-ovate and long-acuminate, deeply sulcate, costate : 
 capsule erect at base, cernuous or incurved, short-necked, linear- 
 oblong; operculum highly convex, mfimillate; teeth long and 
 thick, with a broad hyaline border; segments as long as the 
 teeth, cleft between the articulations ; cilia three, long, distantly 
 nodose at the articulations; annulus very broad, of three rows 
 of large cells. — Suppl. i. 2. 800 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 613, 614. Ani- 
 blyategium lycopodioides^ DeNot. Briol. Ital. 138. 
 Hab. Bogs, and ditches in peat meadows. 
 
^fW 
 
 386 
 
 BRYACE^E. 
 
 [Ill/pnuin. 
 
 141. H. Watsoni, Lesq. & James. Dicecious : i)lant8 
 loosely eespltose ; steiiis erect, pinnately ramulose ; braiielilets 
 close : leaves liainate-sceuiul, short and small, broadly ovate- 
 oblong, concave at base, lanceolate, more or less long-acuminate, 
 subulate, very entire, reflexed toward the apex, obscurely bi- 
 costate at the base; areolation very narrow, short-vermicular, 
 uniform throughout the leaf; inner i>ericha;tial leaves long 
 lanceolate-acuminate, subulate, thin and whitish, j)licate length- 
 wise : capsule long, subcylindrical, slightly cernuous, arcuate and 
 constricted under the orifice when dry; operculum obliquely 
 rostrate, muticous. — Proc. Anier. Acad. xiv. 138. I/, imponens^ 
 James, Bot. King Exp. 410. 
 
 IIab. On rocks, Bear River Caflon, Uinta Mountains, Utah (Wat- 
 son). 
 
 Comparable to some varieties of //. nncinatum, and considered by Austin 
 (Bull. Torr. Club, vii. 0) to be identical with //. pUcaiik, Mitt., //. 
 Jleiffleiwi, Juratzka, etc. 
 
 !»)* 
 
 :'il 
 
 Subgenus XIX. CRATONEURUM. 
 
 Plants varying in size, with few branches, regularly pin- 
 nately ramulose ; stem thick, covered by a dense felt of radicles 
 and numerous paraphyllia. Leaves cordate-lanceolate, falcate- 
 secund, thickly costate, densely areolate ; cells linear, those of 
 the decurrent excavate angles loose, dark, subopaque. Flowers 
 dioecious. Capsule long-pedicellate, large, oblong or cylindrical- 
 oblong, erect at the neck, cernuous, arcuate when dry. Pedicel 
 smooth. 
 
 142. H. fllicinum, Linn. Leaves rigid, ovate-lanceolate, 
 not sulcate ; costa stout, percurrent ; borders serrulate ; cells of 
 the basilar decurrent broadly excavate angles abruptly enlarged, 
 orange-color ; perichaetial leaves erect, the inner scarcely jjlicate, 
 serrate at the apex : capsule cylindrical-oblong ; operculum 
 convex-conical, apiculate ; segments slightly cleft ; cilia 3, as 
 long as the teeth; annulus simple, narrow. — Spec. PI. 1125; 
 Bryol. Eur. t. 609. Stereodon JilicimtSj Mitt. Amblyategium 
 filicinurrif Lindb. 
 
 . Var. trichodes, Brid. Stems prostrate: leaves smaller, 
 more rigid, subsecund or spreading. — Muse. Recent. Suppl. iv. 
 177. H. dubiuniy Dicks. 
 
Ifj/pnum.] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 387 
 
 Var. gracilescens, Brul. Very slender, i)rostrate or 
 creeping, very toinentose: leaves spreading or subseeund, very 
 small, bright green. — liryol. Univ. ii. 5i]l. 
 
 Var. elatuxn, Sehimj). Plants in soft yellowish brown 
 tufts; stems 10 to 15 cm. long, slender, with few radicles and 
 j»araj)hyllia: leaves minute, ovate-lanceolate, s|)rea<ling or sub- 
 secund. 
 
 Var. Ploridanum, IJenault. Leaves nearly entire ; costa 
 narrower, vanishing in the middle, often scarcely <llstinct; 
 radicles and parajthyllia rare ; cells of ih'i basilar angles thick* 
 walled. 
 
 II An. Calcareous springs; not rare in limestone regions. The last 
 variety in Florida {Fitzi/eruld). 
 
 Very variable, especially in the size and thiclcness of the plants. It 
 differs from tlie next in its more slender Iiabit, the leaves nujch smaller, 
 more solid, not plicate, and with a thicker costa, the areolation shorter, 
 the annulus of a simple row of cells, etc. 
 
 143. H. COmmutatum, Hedw. Tufts deep, rigid, bright 
 or yellowish green at the surface, l)rown and generally covered 
 with a calcareous deposit within ; stems dichotomous-cristate 
 and pinnately ramulose, very long, erect or prostrate: stem- 
 leaves more distant, deeply cordate, auriculate- triangular at 
 base, narrowly lanceolate-acuminate, jdicate; upper auricles 
 flat, denticulate, the lower excavate, entire, orange-colored ; 
 costa stout, stil)percurrent ; branch-leaves narrower, more 
 crowded, all twisted at the apex when dry; areolation very 
 narrow, long-linear, subflexuous ; inner pericha?tial leaves long, 
 narrowly acuminate, deeply plicate and strongly costate : ca]> 
 sule curved horizontally, cylindrical-oblong; operculum convex- 
 conical, acuminate or apiculate : teeth large, oi"ange ; annulus 
 large, compound. — Muse Frond, iv. 68, t. 24; Bryol. Eur. t. 
 607. Stereodon comnmtatus^ Mitt. 
 
 Var. falcatum, Muell. Stems stouter, neither tomontose- 
 radiculosc nor pinnately ramulose : leaves larger, more solid, 
 ovate-oblong, less deeply cordate and less decurrent at base; 
 areolation longer and narrower ; costa more prolonged ; peri- 
 stome small and the annulus narrower. — Syn. ii. 423. II. fal- 
 catum, Brid. Muse. Recent, iii. 63, t. 1, fig. 6 ; Schimp. Syn. 
 ed. 2, 743. 
 
 Hab. Wet rocks, Watklns Glen, N. York; Rocky Mountains, S. Colo- 
 rado (Rothrock); Mono Pass {Bolander); the variety in Colorado. 
 
 VS 
 
V i 
 
 I ' •' 
 
 888 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Ilvpnum. 
 
 "I 
 
 1 . 
 
 ■i 
 
 1 
 
 11 
 
 SuiiGENus XX. UIIYTIDIUM. 
 
 Plants robitst, without radicles, irrogularly luiinate-rainulnsc. 
 Loaves transversely plicate, rugose, costate to the ba»e of the 
 point; upper areolation linear-vennicular, the lower sinuous, 
 rectangular in the nii<klle, minutely quadrate at the liorders 
 and angles. Flowers dioecious. Calyj)tra large, descending to 
 the base of the capsule. Caj>8ulc solid. 0])erculuni rostrate. 
 Annulus very broad, 
 
 144. H. rugOSUm, Linn. In wide dirty yellowish or palo 
 green tufts ; stems arcuate or erect, stout : stem-leaves densely 
 crowded, imbricate-secund or erect-8j)reading on the branchlets, 
 lanceolate, narrowly acuminate from a broadly oblong base, 
 corrugated by numerous short wrinkles, concave, reflexed on 
 the borders, sharjjly serrate at the ai)ex, glossy; inner perir 
 chwtial leaves deeply sulcate, ccostute, erose, serrate at the 
 ajjex : capsule oblong-cylindrical, much arclied, gradually nar- 
 rowed upward and constricted under the orifice when dry; 
 pedicel smooth ; teeth ferruginous ; segments broadly split ; 
 cilia two, as long as the segments ; annulus of a triple row of 
 cells, remaining attached to the oj)erculuni. — Mant. i. 131; 
 Bryol. Eur. t. 610. //. rugiilosum^ Web. & 3Iohr. llylocmnium 
 riigosum^ DeNot. Briol. Ital. 99. 
 
 Has. Borders of woods, either dry or wet, not Tincoramon but gen- 
 erally sterile: found fertile only at Glen Eyrie, Colorado, on a sandy 
 slope, by T. C. Porter. 
 
 145. H. robustum, Hook. Stem creeping; branches very 
 stout, drooping, yellowish green : leaves densely imbricate, ap- 
 pressed, homomallous, transversely rugose-striate, distinctly 
 j)licate lengthwise below, scarious, ovate-lanceolate, long-acu- 
 minate, subserrulate toward the apex, bicostate or rarely simply 
 costate to near the middle ; borders revolute ; cells very narrow, 
 the alar scarcely different ; perichjetial leaves whitish, reflexcd, 
 loosely reticulate at base : capsule oblong-cylindrical, cernuous ; 
 pedicel purple ; operculum conical, obtuse, mamillate, — Muse. 
 Exot. t. 108 ; Schwaegr. Suppl. iii. t. 261 ; Muell. Syn. ii. 256. 
 Stereoclon robustus, Mijtt. Jouni. Linn. Soc. viii. 41. 
 
 Hab. Northwesterji coast (Henziea); Oregon (Mohr); Fort Colville 
 {Lyall); Bocky Mountains of British America {Drummond)\ North- 
 western Montana ( Watson). 
 
V. 
 
 
 IJypnwn.] 
 
 DRYACEi^E. 
 
 389 
 
 Subgenus XXI. CTENIUM. 
 
 Plants large, in denso Ioohu riyid tufts; stems erect or proeum- 
 bent, strict, couipressed, siniitle or dieliotonious, closely and rey;- 
 ularly pinnate-raniulose ; branches frondiforni ; branehlets cl»)se. 
 Leaves falcate-secnnd, sulcate. Flowers dia'ciuus. Capsule 
 long-pedicel lato, arcuate, cylindrical-oblong. Opercidmn broadly 
 conical, apicidate. 
 
 146. H. crista-castrensiS, Linn. Tufts yellowish green ; 
 stems simple or forking by innovations, rigid, long; branehlets 
 horizontally divergent, recurved ut the apex : stem-leaves broad 
 and incund)ent at base, gradually long lanceolate-acuminate, 
 twisted, falcate, deeply sulcate, thin, with a short double costa 
 or none, sharply serrate from the middle upward ; paraphyllia 
 numerous, long, narrowly lanceolate ; branch-leaves closer, 
 narrower, falcate-secund, less distinctly serrate, ecostate ; jieri- 
 chtetium long-sheathing, whitish ; pericluetial leaves deeply 
 sulcate, ecostate, greenish brown when ripe, dirty yellow when 
 empty : teeth orange below, pale, serrate and 8ul>ulatc above ; 
 cilia three or four, thick, as long as tho cleft segments; nnnulus 
 simple, narrow. — Si)ec. PI. 11*25; Bryol. Eur. t. 599. tStere- 
 odon crista-castrensisy Mitt. 1. c. l*tUium crista-castrensisy 
 DeNot. Briol. Ital. 101. 
 
 Had. riue woods, on the ground and old prostrate logs; in mountain 
 regions. 
 
 Subgenus XXIL CTENIDIUM. 
 
 Plants with few or no radicles; branches closely pinnately 
 ramulose. Leaves circinnate-secund. Flowers <li(ecious. Cajv 
 sule subhorizontal, short-pedicellate, thick, solid, turgid-ovate. 
 Operculum large, convex, conical-apiculate. — Ctenidiuni^ Mitt. 
 
 147. H. molluscum, Hedw. In wide tumescent or fastig- 
 iate soft bright or yellowish green tufts ; stems procumbent or 
 ascending, generally eratliculose : leaves croAvded, circinn.ite- 
 falcate downward, flexuous when dry, abruptly narrowly lan- 
 ceolate-acuminate from a broadly obcordate decurrent base, 
 sharply serrate all around; areolation very dense, narrow, 
 minutely round-quadrate at the angles; paraphyllia ovate- 
 lanceolate; perichaBtium short, 5-leaved, the inner oblong, 
 
890 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [lll/pnum. 
 
 \..t 
 
 abruptly narrowly ncuminato: vaj^inule short, hairy: ca|isulo 
 on a thick |»iMlifol, chcNtimt-color ; ptM'iHtuine <Urty yellow; 
 cilia two or ihrt't-, stout, as long as the cU'ft si'ginfiits; annulus 
 very lari;e. — Muse. Frond, iv. 5(5, t. ii'J; IJryol. Eur. t. oUH. 
 Cteniditun mullascnui^ Mitt. 
 
 Var. COndensatum, Schimp. Drooping tufts densely 
 intricate, velvety; stems shorter, more robust, less regularly 
 pinnate : leaves broader falcate, the apical close, jiectinate, 
 hooked: capsule shorter-pedicellate. — Syn. GIJ2. 
 
 Var. erectum, Schimj*. 1. c. Stems erect, less divided : 
 leaves narrow. 
 
 Hah. IStuiius and rocks, shadud hills and woods, mostly in mountain 
 regions. 
 
 SuHiJKxi's XXIII. IIYPNUM, proper. (TM. G.) 
 Stems generally creeping, more or less regularly pinnate- 
 ramulose. Leaves close, falcate-secund, very rarely equally 
 sjireading, ovate-lanceolate, narrowly acuminate; areolation 
 linear, minutely (puub'atc at the angles; inner perichietial 
 leaves sulcate; para])hyllia few. Capsulo cylindrical-oblong; 
 pedicel smooth ; operculum large, rostrate or convex-conical. 
 
 148. H. reptile, IMichx. Plants drooping, in wide loose 
 tufts, pale or dirty green ; stems branching, subpinnato or 
 j>innately ramulose ; branchlets erect, incurved : leaves crowded, 
 lanceolate-acuminate from an oblong base, sharply serrate above, 
 concave, flat or recurved on the borders ; costa double, short, 
 dirty yellow ; paraphyllia few and very small, lanceolate or 
 palmate; inner i>erichajtial leaves long-acuminate, sulcate, bi- 
 costate, serrate at the apex: capsule 8ul)erect or slightly cernu- 
 ous, cylindrical, ochraceous, curved above when dry ; oi^CiVuIum 
 large, yellow, narrowly rostrate from a highly convex-base; 
 teeth subulate-acuminate, orange at base; segments cleft be- 
 tween the articulations; cilia shorter than the segments; 
 annulus large, compound. — Fl. Bor.-Amer. ii. 315; Bryol. Eur. 
 t. 587. Leskea paUescena^ Hedw. Spec. Muse. 219, t. 55, f. 1-6. 
 H. pallesceus, Beauv. Prodr. 67. Stereoclon pallescens, Lindb. 
 Fl. Crypt. Asisi3 Bor.-Orient. in Act. Soc. Sci. Fenn. x. 254. 
 
 Var. protuberans. Plants smaller : leaves narrower, longer 
 acuminate, serrate all a/ound : annulus narrow, simple. — Lindb. 
 
IIl/imHin.] 
 
 IIUYACE.E. 
 
 801 
 
 1. ('., as Stereodon. IL protHheram^ Hrid. nryol. Univ. ii. WVi. 
 JI. jmllcHctHS^ nrueli &, Scliiiii)). IJryol. Kur. t. 580; Aust. Muhc. 
 Appal. II. 414. 
 
 JIaii. liurk 1111(1 trunks of trocs, citlior d«>cnyt!(l or living, in Hiiltalpino 
 rcgiuns; very ouniinun ami variublu, but ruru in tliu pliiina exci'itt nortli- 
 wurd. 
 
 14!>. H. fertile, Scndt. Tufts soft, coinprcsstMl, yfjlowish 
 or pale ^roi'ii ; steins dt'iist'ly pinnatc-rainulosc, crci'iilnj; : Icavt's 
 lonu:, ovate at base, Hiibulatt'-acuininato, iniluirate, wcnml, 
 sulH'ireinnately hooked when dry ; lionlers retlexed toward the 
 base, ininutely serrulate at the apex; costa double, yellow aii<l 
 very obseure, or none ; perieluetluni lonj^, K(|uarrulose below, 
 the inner leave!" lon<jf, ereet, gradually aeiiininate, narrowly 
 costato: capsule loii<5-pedicellate, ineurved-eeriiuous, oval or 
 oblonu^, turbid, soft, darker colored underneath, scarcely nar- 
 rowed under the orltice when dry; operculum lari;e, hit^hly con- 
 vex, niaiuillate and apiculate; teeth larjjje, ferruu;inous below; 
 segments nearly entire; cilia two or three, perfect, not a|>pen- 
 dleulate; nnniilus large, compound. — Ifegensb. Denkschr. iii. 
 147; Brvol. Eur. t. 51)1. 
 
 IIau. rrostratc trunks, moist rocks, etc., in woods on hills and inoun- 
 taina; not common. 
 
 150. H. hamulosum, liruch ifc Scliim)). Densely cespitosp, 
 yellow or ])ale reddish-brown ; stems slender, fragile, regul.'irly 
 pinnate-ramulose : leaves haniulose-secund, ovate at base, gradu- 
 ally narrowly lanceolate-acuminate, slightly denticulate at the 
 apex; costa double, obsolete or none; areol:ition n.'irrowly 
 hexagonal-vermicular, with a single row of slightly enlarged 
 cells at the angles; inner perichrotial leaves ecostate : capsule 
 incurved-cernuous, nearly horizontal, oval or oblong-cylindrical ; 
 operculum highly convex, long-aj)iculate ; peristome as in the 
 last, but more delicate ; annulus double. — liryol. Eur. t. 590. 
 Stereodon hamidosus^ Lindb. Muse. Scand. 38. 
 
 II An. Rocky Mountains (Drnmiiioud). 
 
 151. H. depressulum, Muell. Diffei-s from the last in its 
 shining yellow color, the leaves more distant, imbricate-secund 
 or homomallous, ovate-lanceolate, narrowly-actmiinate, subser- 
 rulate at the apex, obsoletely bicostate, the cells ellii>tical, less* 
 compact, the alar enlarged-quadrate and pellucid, the capsule 
 smaller, turgid-oval, cernuous, the lid shorter, conical-acute, 
 not rostrate. — Regensb. Flora, Iviii. 91 (1875). JL hamido- 
 
 it; tit; ■' 
 
 1 
 
r 
 
 4 
 
 892 
 
 BRYACE/E. 
 
 [Ill/ I'll inn. 
 
 turn (?), Siilliv. & L<»8q. MuBo. Bor.-Amcr. Exsicc. (ed. ii), 
 n. 478. 
 
 II All. Decayed trunks; White Mountains {OnkcH, Jumfn), 
 ir)2. H. oircinale, I look. SU'Mih l<ui;jf, rpoplnjr, |»iniiat<'ly 
 LraiH'Iiifij^, Hoxuoiis; hriinchos nnmcroiiH, Hhort and liori/oiital 
 or lonf^iT and Hcxiioiim: IcavcH yt'llowisli j;;ri'C'ii, darker t'oloivd 
 at base, nocund, circiimatc, lanct'olatc, Ionif-suI»uIat»', concave 
 Ih'Iow, plane and suliMi'rratc at the point, econtate ; perichtutial 
 leaves erect, more diHtinctly serrate: capsule oval, cernuoiis, 
 Hiilipeiident, red«lisli hrown ; operculum short, conical ; inner 
 peristome yellow; cilia one or two, as lon^ as the entire seuf- 
 nients. — Muse. Exot. t. 107; Muell. Syn. ii. 318. Stcraodon 
 circi'iinlhy IJrid. 
 
 H All. On trees, Nortliwost coa^H ^f(^nzlcft) ; V.-incouvpr Island ( L]fr II). 
 
 The author renmrks that the species approaclies the nearest to //. 
 ciii>rfH8lfnrmr, but that It has tho leaves much more incurved and the 
 capsule drooping. 
 
 I'i'i. H. Sequoieti, Mnell. Much resembling slender forms 
 of J/, cupressifonne ; prostrate, the branches droopinj?, p.ale or 
 dirty jjreen : leaves small, circinnate-falcate, enlarpfed at base on 
 one side and auricled, narrower and symmetrical on t)ie otlier, 
 oblonj^j, gradually narrowed into a long f.'deate distinctly serru- 
 late ])oint, deeply concave, obsoletely bicostate, yellow at base, 
 ])ale above ; cells short, narrow, linear, the alar vesiculose, dark 
 yellow; i)ericha;tial leaves broadly ovate, passing into a long 
 denticulate subereet point : caftsule small, oval, slightly inclined, 
 chestnut-color; operculum short, conical; segments whitish, 
 scarcely cleft ; cilia single, as long as the segments, very slender, 
 punctulate. — Regensb. Flora, Iviii. 91 (1875). //. circinale^ 
 Sulliv. (& Lesq. Muse. Bor.-Amer. Exsicc. (ed. 2), n. 474. 
 
 Hau. California, on trunks of Sequoia aewpefvirens (lioland^'r). 
 
 Probaljly a variety of tlie last. The cliaracters indicated above do not 
 appear important enougli to autliorize a separation, the mosses of this 
 section, especially those of California, being extremely variable. The 
 unequal base of the leaves, auricled on one side only, is distinctly marked 
 in fig. 4 of Hooker's plate of //. circtnale, representing an enlarged leaf, 
 and the capsule is represented as more incurved than Mueller describes it; 
 the areolation is not described or figured by Hooker, but he mentions the 
 yellow color of the processes. 
 
 * * Flowers dicecious, 
 
 154. H. callichrOUIll, Brid. Dicecious or pseudo-monce- 
 cions : tufts soft, tumid, bright green ; stems slender, flexuous. 
 
rl 
 
 Ilypnum. \ 
 
 HUYACE.E. 
 
 89« 
 
 wlthoiit rndlolos, pinnatcly rniniilom' : loavon «oft, rrnw<h'«l, 
 falcjiti'-wciind or Hiibcircinrmtt', hrojully ovnt^'-concMvr at ham', 
 narrowly lanceolate, loiii^-acuininatc, very entire, reoMtate or 
 nearly HO ; eellH very Ioiil; and narrow, HulttlexnoiiM, olitnse at 
 lK)tli en<ls, Itroader and (jiiadrani^ular at the excavate an<j;leM, 
 yellow like the haNilar onen : male thiwers on separate plants 
 KJmilar to the fertile ones, occasionally in leafy radiculose •^em- 
 mules in the axils of fertile plants; iinier periclnetial leaves 
 lonj^, hroadly-ovate, half sheathing at hase, sliufhtly sulcate, 
 narrowed to u strai^d)t tiliforni point, ocostate : eapsnie ohion;;, 
 dark red, sli^j^htly ineline<l or cernuous npon a tiexuous reddish 
 jK'dicel ; operculum lar^i', hij^hly convex, sharply a|»iciilate, 
 orange-colored; perist()nie perfect; cilia three, as lonuf as the 
 segments; nnnuhis very large. — Hryol. Univ. ii. iVM; IJryol. 
 Eur. t. 590. 7/. huwuloHum, Wils. liryol. lirit. auO, t. 68. 
 Stereodon culUchrouB^ Hri^l. I. c. 
 IIah. Shelburiio, Xova Scotia (JamcH). 
 
 155. H. imponens, Iledw. Tufts flat, yellowish green : 
 leaves imhricate, two-ranke<l on the lower side, circinnate-secund, 
 loricate-filiform from a hroaiUy ovate-ohlong base; borders 
 reflexe<l below, minutely and distantly serrulate all around or 
 subentire, orange at base, minutely auriculate at the angles; 
 costa obsolete, double or none; cells very narrow, linear, sul»- 
 flexuous, enlarged (piadrato at the basilar angles ; brar -h-leaves 
 much narrower, hooked and convolute at the ajtex of the 
 branches; paraphyllia large, palmate or lanceolate; perichaitial 
 leaves gradually narrowed to a long filiform fiexuous serrulate 
 point, ecostato: capsule long-pedicellate, suberect or slightly 
 incurved, cylindrical, pale brown, darker with age; of»erculum 
 convex, obliquely long-aj)iculate or subrostellate, orange at the 
 apex ; cilia single, apjiendiculate and punctulate, as long as the 
 slightly cleft segments; annulus large, compound, a<lherent. — 
 Spec. Muse. 290, t. 77 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 597. Stereodon imponens^ 
 Brid. 1. c. 618. 
 
 Had. Wooils, on decayed trunks and shaded roots of trees; common. 
 
 156. H. SUbimponenS, Lesq. Similar to the last in aspect, 
 mode of growth, color, etc., but differing in its few dichotomous 
 branches, the leaves narrower, glossy, lanceolate, shorter-acu- 
 minate from a slightly enlarged base, entire or very slight'y ser- 
 rulate at the apex, ecostate, the cells narrower, those of the 
 
 ■^>i 
 
394 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Ilypnum. 
 
 angles very few and gmall or none, the angles not excavate nor 
 auriculate, the periclia?tial leaves larger, oblong, abruptly nar- 
 rowed into a shorter filiform fiexuous sUghtly serrulate point, 
 neither costate nor sulcate, the oj)erculum obtuse at the highly 
 conic'il apex, the cilia two, not appendiculate, and the annulus 
 large, simple, revoluble. — Trans. Araer. Phil. Soc. xiii. 14; 
 Sulliv. & Lesq. Muse. Hor. Amer. Exsiec. (ed. 2), n. 475 ; Sulliv. 
 Icon. Muse. Suppl. 103, t. 79. Stereodon jjlntui/e)', Mitten, 
 Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 41, t. 7. 
 
 Hah. Shaded rocks iu woods; Northwest coast {Menziea, Doiiglaa); 
 Vancouver Island and British Cohnnbia (/,?/««); Bitterroot Mountains, 
 Northern Idalio ( Wataon) ; California, at Oakland, the Big Tree Grove, etc. 
 {liolander). 
 
 The only difference mentioned by Mitten between H. pliim{fer and this 
 species is in the lid, which he describes as sliort and subulate-rostrate. 
 Cc:nparison of authentic spcoitnens shows it to be of the same form in 
 both, more or less obtusely pointed. 
 
 157. H. plicatile. Fastigiately branching: leaves falcate- 
 secund, broadly ovate-acuminate, hooked, rugnlose, subplieate 
 when dry, with borders reflexed and very entire, those of the 
 branches serrulate at the apex ; costa short ; cells of the basal 
 angles numerous, short, small, somewhat obscure, the upper 
 short and narrow; perichajtial leaves erect, the inner broadly 
 oblong-lanceolate, subulate, entire, acuminate, plicate : capsule 
 long-pedicellate, cylindrical, erect at base, curved in the middle ; 
 operculum conicjil ; segments yellow, cleft between the articu- 
 lations ; cilia two, as long as the segments, nodulose. — /Stereodon 
 plicatiliSj Mitten, 1. c. 40. 
 
 Had. Davis Straits {Taylor); Rocky Moimtains of British America 
 (Bourgeau)] Schonberger's Gallon, Rocky Mountains, S. W. Montana 
 {Watfton). 
 
 Differing from all the states of //. ciipresxiforme in the strongly reflexed 
 margins of the leaves, and in the short cells. 
 
 158. H. CUpressiforme, Linn. Widely cespitose; tuft 
 .oppressed, fastigiate or inflated in the middle, soft, pale green 
 or yellowish brown, more or less glossy ; stems branching irreg- 
 ularly or pinnately ramulose : leaves densely crowded, imbricate 
 upward in two ranks, falcate in both directions, narrowly 
 lanceolate-acuminate from an ovate or oblong base, concave, 
 erect or slightly recurved on the borders, auriculate-concave at 
 the Recurrent angles, e.itire or slightly serrulate at the apex ; 
 costa double, short, obsolete ; cells very narrow, vermicular, 
 
"•-*r^ 
 
 Jlypnum.] 
 
 BRlACEiE. 
 
 395 
 
 those of the angles large, qua<lrate, hyaline or yellow ; outer 
 perlt'htetial leaves 8j)rca(rmg from the middle, the inner sul)- 
 clas|)ing, abruptly narrowly acuminate, serrulate, obscurely 
 short-bicostate : capsule erect or Micurved, oblong or subcyl- 
 indrical, chestnut-color, slightly constricted below the orifice 
 when dry; operculum convex at base, with a short narrow 
 beak ; teeth ferruginous and confluent at base, j)ale dirty color 
 above ; segments cleft ; cilia one or two, more or less jierfect ; 
 aimulus triple, persistent. — Spec. PI. 1120; Hedw. Muse. 
 Frond, iv. 59, t. *23 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 594, 595. Stereodon cii- 
 press fJ'o7')nis^ IJrid. 
 
 Var. tectorum, Brid. More robust ; tufts intricate, round, 
 flattened on the l)order8, tumescent in the miildle, fuscous green ; 
 branchlets close : leaves longer-acuminiite : capsule incurved, 
 oblong. — Bryol. Univ. ii. 612. 
 
 Var. brevisetum, Bruch & Schimp. Densely cespitose, 
 velvety green ; branches and branchlets erect, fastigiate, sub- 
 terete : leaves densely imbricate, slightly subsecund ot erect, 
 shorter, more concave, narrowly acuminate: capsule short- 
 pedicellate, subarcuate, oblong; operculum acute. 
 
 Var. uncinatulum, Bruch & Schimp. Short, slender and 
 small ; branchlets uncinate at the apex : leaves shorter and 
 narrower : capsule short-pedicellate, very small ; operculum 
 long-beaked. 
 
 Var. flliforme, Brid. Tufts com]>rcssed or pendent ; stems 
 very long, filiform, with few branches, often interruptedly foliate : 
 leaves densely crowded or loose, secund and suberect or spread- 
 ing equally : caj)sule small, the fruit rare. 
 
 Var. mamillatum, Brid. Tufts dejiressed, bright green, 
 glossy : leaves obliquely imbricate, two-ranked, falcate-secund, 
 tumid at base : operculum mammiform. 
 
 Var. ericetorum, Bruch & Schimp. Stems long and slender, 
 in soft pale green tufts, pinnately ramulose : leaves narrower, 
 less crowded, circinnate-falcate : capsule on a longer slender 
 pedicel, sliorter, incurved ; operculum short, subulate. 
 
 Var. elatum, Bruch & Schimp. Robust, in wide loose 
 tufts, variegated brown ; stems erect, with few branchlets, 
 thickly foliate : leaves larger and broader, very concave, 
 abruptly acuminate, yellowish green : capsule erect, cylindrical, 
 incurved under the orifice. 
 
 c;:ilii 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
896 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Uypnum. 
 
 m I 
 
 'i! ( 
 
 .-.i« 
 
 ;i H 
 
 lt\ n 
 
 Var. longirostre, Bmch ifc Schimp. Loosely intricate- 
 oespitose, drooping ; stems slender, much branched and ramu- 
 lose: leaves subsecund: capsule slender, erect; operculum 
 subulate-rostrate. 
 
 Had. Trunks, roots of trees, stones, etc. ; very common In raotuitain 
 regions, and very variable. Besides the more important varieties described 
 and figured by Urucli & Scliimper, as above, tliere are numerous more or 
 less marked intermediate forms wliich render the determination of the 
 species ditticult and often uncertain. 
 
 159. H. CUrvifolium, Hedw. Plants large, intricate, ces- 
 pitose, yellowish green, glosniy ; stems prostrate, with few 
 brancl»es, i)innately raniulose; branchlets short, unequal, com- 
 pressed : leaves crowded, imbricate in two rows, falcate-secund 
 sidewise, auricled-cordate at base, gradually long-acuminate, 
 concave, slightly serrulate above, ecostate or shortly and obso- 
 letely bieostate; cells very narro*v, linear, flexuous, pale, at the 
 base and angles shorter, broader and golden yellow ; perichaetial 
 leaves whitish, numerous, erect, close, loosely areolate, the inner 
 sheathing: capsule long-pedicellate, large, oblong, turgid, in- 
 curved-cernuous, thin, arcuate and distinctly costate when dry ; 
 operculum conical, apiculate ; teeth yellow, broadly l.tmellate 
 inside ; segments slightly cleft ; cilia two or three, nearly as long 
 as the segments ; annidus triple, re voluble. — Spec. Muse. 285, 
 t. 75; Sulliv. Mosses of U. States, 74, and Icon. Muse. 183, 
 t. 114. Stereodon curvifolius, Brid. 1. c. 613. 
 
 Hab. Growing in large mats on decayed logs in shady woods; very 
 common. 
 
 Sterile specimens of a peculiar aspect, generally considered as a variety 
 of this species, appear to be an intermediate form between it and //. 
 arcuatum, Lindb., differing from //. curvifoUum in the base of the leaves 
 excavate, auricled or decurrent, with very long alar cells, and the borders 
 less generally denticulate. Renault, who has made a special study of this 
 group, considers this form as rather a species than a variety. It abounds 
 around Baltimore (communicated by J. Donnell Smith, Fitzgerald, etc.), 
 but as yet only found sterile. 
 
 160. H. COmplexum. Widely cespitose, pinnately ramu- 
 lose : leaves secund, larger at the base, ovate-lanceolate, hooked, 
 concave, shortly bieostate; borders very entire; basal cells 
 numerous, short, subquadrate, obscure, the upper long, narrow, 
 slightly prominent at the upper end ; perichjetial leaves long, 
 erect, oblong, subulate, the inner lanceolate, abruptly subulate, 
 subserrate, plicate : capsule cylindrical, unequal, inclined ; teeth 
 
 if 
 
"^■ 
 
 Ut/pntim.] 
 
 BRYACE.E. 
 
 897 
 
 yellow, subulate from the middle ; segments narrow ; eilia two. 
 
 — iStereodon conq)lexuSy jNJ'tten, Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 41. 
 
 II AU. On rocks between Fort Williaiu and Cumberland House, British 
 America (Richardson). 
 
 101. H. pratense, Koch, Ms. Dia'cious and pseudo-mon- 
 oecious: tufts pale jjreen and soft; stems without radicles, 
 prostrate or suberect, irregularly and 8i)arsely sub]>iimate, ramu- 
 lose above : leaves crowded, plane and subsecund ui»on the 
 stem and branches, falcate-secund on the branehlets, broadly 
 oblong-lanceolate, subconcave, very entire, obsoletely short- 
 bicostate; cells very narrowly rhomboidal-vermicular, large, 
 inflated, hyaline at the concave angles; inner pericha;tial leaves 
 long-lanceolate, short-acuminate, plicate : capsule oblong or 
 turgid-ovate, incurved, cernuous, arcuate when dry ; ])edicel 
 long, twisted to the left above when dry, to the right below ; 
 operculum convex-conical ; annulus triple : inflorescence, peri- 
 stome and annulus as in // callichroum. — 13ruch & Schunp. 
 Bryol. EiJ*. t. Gil. II. cnrvifoliinn, Muell. Syn. ii. 292, in part. 
 II. amoennm, Drumm. Muse. Amer. n. 190, in part. 
 
 Had. Boggy places on the ground; Carlton House {Drinnmond); 
 Pennsylvania {Jnmes); New Jersey {Lanniug, Austin). 
 
 102. H. Bamberger!, Schimp. Pulvinate-cespitose ; plants 
 yellowisli green, tinged with brown ; stems erect ; branches 
 fastigiate, simj)le or with short branehlets : leaves close, glossy, 
 secund and laterally compressed on both sides of the stem, erect 
 at base, circinnate or subflexuous at the apex, ovate-oblong, 
 gradually lanceolate-subulate, very concave ; borders erect, very 
 entire; costa yellowish, simple or bifid, with unequal divisions ; 
 cells vermicular, somewhat long, those of the minutely auricled 
 angles few, small, quadrate, and orange-color: fruit imknown. 
 
 — Syn. 098. Stereodon circidaris^ Mitten, Journ. Linn. Soc. 
 viii. 42. iS. Hambergeriy Lindb. 
 
 Had. Beechey Island and Wellington Channel (Lyall). 
 
 * # # leaves spreading or partly Jiomomallous : floicera 
 
 moncecioua. 
 
 103. H. Haldanianum, Grev. Tufts loose, irregulari 
 yellowish or fuscous green ; stems long, creeping, irregularly 
 pinnate-ramulose ; branehlets distant, unequal, subcompressed : 
 stem-leaves homomallous, those of the divisions erect, spreading, 
 ovate and broadly oblong-lanceolate, very entire; cells of the 
 
 ■il 
 
898 
 
 BRYACE^E. 
 
 [Ilypnum. 
 
 
 1^ 
 
 it 
 ;-t 
 
 In 
 
 iliiS 
 
 concave angles large, quadrate ; paraphyllia large ; perichietial 
 leaves spreading and erect from the middle, tljc' inner long, 
 filifonn-apiculate, concave, not plicate : cai)siile erect or curved 
 above, cylindrical, rostellate ; teeth connate at base ; segments 
 slightly cleft ; cilia generally solitary, shorter than the segments, 
 sometimes none ; annulus narrow. — Ann. N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist, 
 i. 275, t. 23 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 592. //. ciirvirostrum^ Brid. Bryol. 
 Univ. ii. 482. Stereodon Ilaklanei^ Lindb. 
 
 IIab. Decayed trunks and damp clayey ground in woods, in mountain 
 regions. 
 
 164. H. nemorosum, Koch. Slightly more robust than 
 the last; tufts drooping, dirty green ; stems long, much divided, 
 subpinn.'itely ramulose, continued by long radiculose innova- 
 tions : stem-leaves o[)en, erect, those of the branchlets secund, 
 ovate-oblong, abruptly acuminate, the uj)per lanceolate, all 
 concave, reflexed on the borders below, generally ecostate, 
 sharply serrate at the apex ; paraphyllia multiform ; perichajtial 
 leaves erect-spreading, the inner oblong, narrowed into a some- 
 what long coarsely serrate point, revolute on the borders, with 
 one or two strife: capside erect at base, incurved, oblong- 
 cylindrical, ferruginous; pedicel slender, twisted to the right 
 above; lid turgid at base, long-conical; teeth orange at base, 
 pale above ; segments somewhat cleft ; cilia two, nearly as long; 
 annulus narrow, persistent or attached to the lid. — Brid. 1. c. 
 422; Bryol. Eui. t. 593. H. siibrectifoUum, Sulliv. Muse. 
 Allegh. n. 15. 
 
 Has. Decayed wood; high mountains of North Carolina (SulUtant, 
 Gray, Leaquereiix). 
 
 Subgenus XXII. LIMNOBIUM. 
 
 Plants prostrate, with few radicles, irregularly branching and 
 ramulose. Leaves generally secund, soft, broadly ovate or ovate- 
 lanceolate, very concave, generally narrowly and uneqjially 
 bicostate ; perichastial leaves sulcate. Capsule incurved, cernu- 
 ous, turgid-ovate or oblong. Operculum convex-conical or 
 mamillate. Annulus large. — Limnobium^ Bruch & Schimp. 
 
 •*- Flowers monoecious. 
 
 165. H. palustre, Huds. Tufts large, depressed, blackish 
 or yellowish green ; stems more or less long and divided, naked 
 
T 
 
 Hypnum.] 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 899 
 
 when old; branchlets ascending or drooping: leaves close, open 
 or secund, tovate or oblong-lunceolate, concave, narrowed and 
 decurrent at base, very en*l 'e; costa simple, reaching above the 
 middle, or double and short; alar cells few and large, quad- 
 rangular ; inner perichajtial leaves long-lanceolate, plicate : caj>- 
 sule brown-orange, arcuate and constricted under the orifice 
 when dry; lid orange-color; teeth yellow; segments scarcely 
 cleft; cilia two or three, a little shorter; annrdus none. — FI. 
 Angl. 429. /f. luridumy Hedw. Muse. Frond, iv. 99, t. 38. 
 Ijimnobium palustre, Bruch & Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 574, 575. 
 Amblysteyium paltistre, Lindb. 
 
 Var. hamulosum. Slender, ascending, mud-color; branch- 
 lets few : leaves shorter, hooked, secund : capsule smaller. — 
 Bruch & Schimp. 1. c, as Limnobium. 
 
 Ham. On stones and rocks, in 8hallc«v creeks; Vermont (Froat)\ New 
 Jersey (AiiHin). The variety in the Wliite Mountains (i/ames); Utali 
 ( \Vatiion)\ Kocky Mountains (Dmmmond). 
 
 Numerous, mostly alpine, forms of this very variable species are described. 
 
 166, H. molle, Dicks. Tufts loose, very soft, dirty green ; 
 stems 5-10 cm. long, slender, flexuous, without radicles, with 
 few simple branches: leaves spreading, whether dry or moist, 
 broadly oval, narrowed and decurrent at the point of attach- 
 ment, apiculate, dif;tinctly serrate at the apex ; costa bifurcate 
 or divided, one of the divisions longer ; areolation linear, fusi- 
 form, shorter at the apex, quadrate and orange at the subauricu- 
 late angles ; inner perichajtial leaves long, taper pointed, serrulate 
 at the apex, costate: capsule short-pedicelled, cernuous, incurved, 
 turgid-oval ; operculum convex, obtuse, short-papillate ; seg- 
 ments entire ; cilia one or two, a little shorter, thick ; annulus 
 broad. — Crypt. Fasc. ii. 11, t. 5. Umnobium molle, Bruch & 
 Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 576, 577. II. Closteri, Austin, Muse. 
 Appal, n. 439. 
 
 Had. Mountain rivulets; North Carolina, New Jersey, New York, 
 Canada, etc. 
 
 167. H. alpestre, Swartz. Plants more or less densely 
 cespitose, mud-color, only the young shoots greenish ; stems 
 prostrate, eradiculose ; branches close, erect, thickish, fastigiate, 
 with few branchlets ; leaves ovate or broadly oblong, obtusely 
 acuminate, often oblique, half-twisted above, obscurely serrulate, 
 slightly decurrent and excavate at the angles ; costa long, bif us- 
 cate from the base, with one of the divisions longer and patting 
 
' 
 
 it 
 
 li! 
 
 { 
 
 i 
 
 I ; 
 
 y> i 
 
 ■} > 
 
 <00 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Ilypnum. 
 
 tlie middle, or simple nnd iwcendinj? to near the pnex, yellow ; 
 bamlur cell^ iinrruwer than in If. niolle, yellowishy.husu of the 
 basal an<];leiii broadly reetani^ular or hexajL^onal, orange ; pcrichce- 
 tiiiin eroct, Hheathing, with few solid silicate entire loaves : cap- 
 sule incurved, cernuous, turgid, oblong, subarcuate, and con- 
 stricted under the orifice when dry and empty ; operculum 
 highly convex, obtusely papillate, orange; teeth short; seg- 
 ments subulate; annulus large, persistent. -^ Muse. Frond. 
 Suee. 63, excl. t.; lledw. Sp. Muse. 247, t. 04. J/, molle^ Brid. 
 Hryol. Univ. ii. 570, excl. syn. Xtinuiobimn al2)estre^ Bruch & 
 Schinip. Bryol. Eur. t. 577. 
 JEIau. North America, according to Austin. 
 
 108. H. arcticum, Sommerf. Tufts loose, rigid, dark olive 
 green ; stems slender, horny, with few simple branches, naked 
 and rootless at base: leaves small, open, solid, round-ovate, 
 obtusely pointed, very entire, slightly inflated on the borders, 
 ])lano-concave, subcochleariform ; costa distinct, ascending to 
 below the apex, simple or bifurcate; areolation very narrow, 
 not dilated at the angles ; inner i)ericha}tial leaves long-lanceo- 
 late, costrtte, scarcely sulcate : caj)sule small, subei-ect or cernu- 
 ous, oval, narrowed to a distinct coUum, arcuate when dry; 
 operculum mammiform; segments entire; cilia two, short; 
 annulus double. — Wahl. Fl. Lapp. Suppl. 65, t. 2. Limnobium 
 arcticum, Bruch & Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 678. Stereodgn 
 arcticus^ Mitten, Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 42. 
 
 Hab. On rocks along rivulets near Closter, New Jersey {Au9iin)\ 
 Rocky Mountains (Drummond, Lyall). 
 
 109. H. obtusifolium, Drumm. Loosely cespitose; the 
 branches more numerous, short and simple, thick, turgid and 
 subclavate, or longer and slightly ramulose : leaves looi^ely im- 
 bricate all around when dry, half-open when moist, broadly oval, 
 obtuse, very concave, slightly serrulate ; costa simple, ascending 
 to near the apex ; areolation very narrow, not enlarged at the 
 angles : pedicel rouj ;h, flexuous, arcuate below the large oval- 
 oblong pendent or horizontal capsule, which is not constricted 
 under the orifice when dry ; operculum not seen ; peristome as 
 in H. molle. — Muse. Amer. n. 193. H. arcticum^ var., Muell. 
 Syn. ii. 432. Stereodon obtusifolius^ Mitt. 1. c. 
 
 Hab. Rivulets in the Rocky Mouiitalns (Drummond); British Colum- 
 bia (Lyall); Mount Dana, California, sterile (Bolander); Oregon, in fruit 
 (jE^. Hall), from whose specimens the diagnosis lias been completed. 
 
t! 
 
 Ilypnum.] 
 
 BRTACE^. 
 
 401 
 
 170. H. montanum, \Vil». Mm. Plants flniftll, In wide 
 soft tumid tufts, reddish-brown within, yt'llowish green ahove; 
 stem slender, prostrate, mostly naked, with simple or fastigiately 
 ramulose erect branehes: leaves variously curved, oftener 8ul>- 
 faleate-seeund, concave or complicate, broa<lIy ovate, laneeolate- 
 aeuminate above, decurrent at base, sli<^htly serrulate all around ; 
 borders erect or reHexed; costa short and double or mine; areo- 
 lation narrow, fusiform, larj^er and oblonj? at the auijfles; inner 
 periehietial leaves erect, narrowly short-acuminate, suleate-striate, 
 serrulate at the apex only: capsule oblong, erect, cernuous; 
 ]»edicel slender, subarcuate above ; operculum convex-conical, 
 mamillate; teeth pale yellow, lamellate inside; cilia two, as 
 long as the entire segments, nodose; annulus very broad.— 
 James, Proc. Philad. Acad. 1855, 447; Sulliv. flosses of U. 
 States, 7li, and Icon. Muse. 181, t. 113; Sulliv. & Lesq. Muse. 
 Bor.-Amer. Exsicc. n. 306. 
 
 II AU. Moist rocky banks of rivulets ; White Mountains ( Oakes, James). 
 
 171. H. eugyrium, Schimp. Tufts appressed, bright yel- 
 lowish green, soft; stems short, branching and ramulose: leaves 
 close, multiform, those of the stems oblong-lanoeolate and short- 
 acuminate, distichous, those of the branches and branchlets 
 Hexuous-falcate, the ui)j)er and lower plano-concave, the lateral 
 subcomplicate, falcate-flex uous, long-lanceolate, diversely curved, 
 all serrulate at the apex only, marked at base by a short yellow 
 line instead of a costa; cells very narrow, vermicular, those of 
 the decurrent concave angles abruptly enlarged, rectangular, 
 with thick dark orange walls; perichajtium long, whitish, its 
 outer leaves spreading and flexuous from the middle, the inner 
 erect, strict, long-lanceolate, erose-denticulate at the apex, sul- 
 cate : capsule cernuous, ovate-oblong, turgid, yellowish brown ; 
 operculum highly convex-mammiform ; teeth solid, yellow, linear, 
 deeply articulate nbove; segments cleft between the articula- 
 tions ; cilia two or three, as long as the segments, nodose and 
 granulose ; annulus very broad, triple. — - Syn. 639. Umnobium 
 eugyrium^ Schimp. ; Bryol. Eur. t. 579. Amblystegiurn eiigyrium^ 
 Lindb. 
 
 Had. On rocks in mountain brooks, New York and New England. 
 * * Flowers dioecious. 
 
 172. H. OChraceum, Turner, Ms. Widely cespitose ; tufts 
 soft, yellowish or ferruginous green, ochraceous within ; steins 
 
 ■». 
 
 I 
 
ft 
 } 
 
 1 1- ' 
 
 lil. 
 
 l-ii 
 
 ::;i 
 
 402 
 
 BRYACEiE. 
 
 \Ifypnum. 
 
 prostrate or nsccndinp, rootless, slightly ramulose ; branehes 
 fastigiate, incurved at the apex: leaves close, iniiltifonn, and 
 diversely curved, falcate or secund, broadly ovate or ovate- 
 oblong, lanceolate, more or less acuminate, acute or blunt, 
 sulcate, concave ; costa simple or forking, ascending to the 
 middle ; borders entire or obscurely denticulate at the apex ; 
 areolation narrow, Hexuotis or vermicular, much enlarged rect- 
 angular and hyaline at the angles; perigynium long and peri- 
 chiutium scpiarrose, the pericha'tial leaves ecostate and not 
 sulcate, lanceolate-acuminate, obtusely serrate at the ai)ex : 
 capsule cernuous from a short inflated erect collum, oval or 
 oblong; operculum convex, mamillate ; teeth short, light orange 
 with a broad hyaline bonier; articulations distant; segments 
 cleft between the articulations; cilia very slender, two or tiiree, 
 unequal, shorter than the segments ; annulus large, triple. — 
 Wils. Bryol. Brit. 40 J. Linmobiuni ochraceiim, Bruch So 
 Schimp. 15ryol. Eur. t. 580. iStereodon ochraceus, Mitt. 1. c. 
 Aniblt/stet/tum ochraceum^ Lindb. 
 
 Hah. Mountain rivulets; Pocono, Alleghany, Catskill and White 
 Mountains; British Columbia (Lyall)\ Davis Strait (Taylor). 
 
 Subgenus XXV. CALLIERGON. 
 
 Plants large, erect or procumbent, generally long and widely 
 cespitose, with few simple branches or subpinnately ramulose, 
 and with few radicles. Leaves large, cordate, ovate or ovate- 
 oblong, obtuse, deeply concave, spreading or imbricate, rarely 
 secund; areolation linear, narrow. Capsule oblong, incurved. 
 Operculum convex-conical. 
 
 # /Stems more or less pinnately ramulose : leaves spreading or 
 
 loosely imbricate. 
 
 173. H. COrdifolium, Hedw. Moncecious: tufts loose, soft, 
 green, erect or drooping; stems llexuous, very long : stem-leaves 
 cordate-ovate or broadly ovate, oblong, obtuse, long-decurrent, 
 soft, very entire, simply costate to near the apex ; cells of the 
 borders and of the apex very narrow, looser and rhomboidal in 
 the middle, those of the angles and base large, hexagonal- 
 rectangular with the primordial utricle distinct; perichaBtium 
 long, the leaves imbricate, acuminate, costate, the inner sub- 
 clasping : capsule long-pedicellate, oblong-cylindrical, horizontal, 
 
Ill/pnum,] 
 
 BRYACEvE. 
 
 403 
 
 BubiiH'urvod, nrnmto wlion dry, Hoft, brown ; tooth palo yellow, 
 
 thin; Ho<i;inontH ontiru ; ciliii two or throo, Hli-nilcr, frn^ilo; 
 
 annuhiH none. — Muse. Frond, iv. 07, t. 37; IJryol. Eur. t. (ilo. 
 
 Amblyste(fiinn cordifoliinn^ DuNot. IJriol. Ital. VM\. 
 
 II AM. Prairie swamps, bogs, meadows, streams, ami borders of lakes; 
 rare in fiuit. 
 
 • 
 
 174. H. giganteum, Schimp. Din'cious: much liko the 
 last, from which it differs in its inucii hirger size, the stem thick 
 and densely pinnately ranudose, tlie leaves lar<;er and more 
 solid, the areolation more dense and vermicular, hro.'ider and 
 quadrate at the anjjfies, and the inflorescence ditecious. — Syn. 
 C42. JI. cordiJ'oHwHy var. atenodyction^ IJruch &, Schimp. 1. c. 
 Amblt/stet/ium yiyanteuniy DeNot. 1. c. 135. ^tereodou (jiyan- 
 teiis^ Mitt. 1. c. 
 
 II AU. Keported from Pennsylvania {JnmcH); Wisconsin {Lapham); 
 cedar swamps, New York {AuHtin); Canada (Maconn); Fort Colville 
 {Lynll). 
 
 All the specimens examined are sterile, ratlier referalde as a variety to 
 H. hamtfolium or II, aduncum. Mitten remarks that tills is the moss 
 distributed by Drunnnond (n. 200) as //. cordifollum, and that all Ameri- 
 can specimens are more slender than the European. 
 
 175. H. SarmentOSUm, Wahl. Dicecious: tufts dense, 
 variegated or dark i)urple, mixed with young green 8tolon3 ; 
 stems without radicles, long, more or less densely ramulose ; 
 branchlets unequal, acute : leaves oi)en, loosely imbricate when 
 dry, purple and straw-color, glossy, green only when young, 
 elliptical, long-ovate, obtuse and cucuUate at the apex, a[)iculate 
 or not, concave ; costa simple, vanishing below the apex ; areo- 
 lation very narrow and solid, abruptly enlarged, inflated and 
 hyaline at the concave subdecurrent angles ; [)erichajtial leaves 
 pale, narrowly costJite, the inner subsheathing, obsoletely sulcate, 
 nerved : capsule cernuous or horizontally incurved, ovate-oblong, 
 turgid, arcuate when dry; teeth bright yellow; cilia two or 
 three, stout, as long as the entire segments ; annulus none. — 
 Fl. Lapp. 380 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 616. Amblystegium sarmentosum, 
 DeNot. 1. c. 
 
 Hab. Peat bogs of New England (Odkes). 
 
 176. H. cuspidatum, Linn. Dicecious : tufts loose, yel- 
 lowish or dirty green ; stems with few branches, pinnately 
 ramulose, rigid and cuspidate at the apex by the convolute 
 leaves: leaves crowded, erect, open, broadly ovate-oblong, 
 
404 
 
 BRTACE^. 
 
 [Ill/pnum. 
 
 obtuso or Hulmcutc, deeply concftvo ; costft double, short, 
 obsolete ; areolatioii very narrow, enlarged, ({iiadrate and hya- 
 line at the decurrent angles, concave on the upper face ; peri- 
 chuttlal leaves deeply sulcate, narrowly blcostate, gradually 
 short-acuminate : capsule long-pedicellate, erect at base, hori- 
 zontally incurved, oblong, large, reddish brown ; operciduin 
 convex-conical, apiculate ; teeth orange, hyaline-niarginate, ser- 
 rate at the apex ; cilia three, stout, a little shorter than the nar- 
 rowly cleft segments ; annulus broad, triple, revoluble, per- 
 sistent. — Spec. 1*1. 1129; Bryol. Eur. t. 619. Stereodon cunpi- 
 dutus^ IJrid. AcrochuUum cuspidatnrn, Lindb. Muse. Scand. 39. 
 II All. Swamps, wet meadows, grassy ditches; not common. 
 
 177. H. Kichardsoni. Moncecious: cespitose, the branches 
 irregularly i>iniiate, cuspidate ut the ajtex : leaves sjireading, 
 broadly ovate, obtuse, concave ; cells long and narrow, promi- 
 nent at the apex, the alar loose, ventricose, pale ; pericha>tial 
 leaves oval, acute, nerved to the middle, imbricate : capsule 
 long-pedicellate, cylindrical, arcuate, horizontal ; peristome nor- 
 mal. — Stereodon liichardsoni^ Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 42, 
 Amblyateyinm Jiichardsonij Lindb. Muse. Scand. 34. 
 
 Had. British America ( liicfKirdson)', coast of Greenland (Innlefield). 
 
 The autlior remarlts that in its generai appearance and yeliowisli brown 
 color the species is closely similar to U. cuapidatuin, and intermediate 
 between it and //. cordifolium. 
 
 178. H. Schreberi, Willd. Dia?ciou8 : tufts high, pale, 
 olive or grayish green ; stems rigid, woody, dark red, branch- 
 ing and pinnately-ramulose ; branches and branchlets obtuse at 
 the apex : leaves close, loosely imbricate, broadly ovate, oli- 
 long, obtuse or obtusely pointed, slightly sulcate ; costa double, 
 short ; borders recurved at base, incurved at tht .ipex ; areola- 
 tion very narrow, solid, quadrate, orange at the base and at the 
 decurrent excavate angles ; inner perichastial leaves sheathing, 
 erect, short-acuminate, ecostate, not plicate ; capsule incurved, 
 oblong, fuscous ; pedicel purple, long, twisted above ; oj>er- 
 culum conical-apiculate, reddish; teeth long, lamellate on the 
 inside, cristate ; segments split nearly the whole length ; cilia 
 three, slightly shorter; annulus none. — Prodr. Fl. Berol. 325; 
 Bryol. Eur. t. 620. Stereodon Schreheri^ Mitt. 1. c. Ilylocomium 
 Schreberiy DeNot. Briol. Ital. 92, and H. parietinum^ Lindb. 
 
 Hab. On shaded ground, hills and mountains; common. 
 
Uypnum.] 
 
 UKVACE^. 
 
 406 
 
 170. H. Alaskanum, Ta'»(\. & .TamcH. DucciouR : plants 
 widely Hpi'oadiii^, doiiHoly and regularly |>innato and liipinnatis 
 pale green : leaves Holid, broadly ovate, obtuse, plano-euneave, 
 obscurely bicostate, the borders remotely serrate ; areolation 
 venuicular, slightly larger toward the base; paraphyllia numer- 
 ous, multifhl. — l*roe. Anu-r. Acad. xiv. 131). 
 
 Had. On tho ground; Aliiskn. 
 
 Comparable to //. Schrvbvrl, from which it difTors in its densely pin- 
 nate brandies, tlie broader sliglttly serrate leaves, tlic dark color, etc. 
 
 ♦ * JHanta nearly simple^ auhteretc : lencea closelt/ imbricate 
 when dry: Jiotcers diiecioiis. 
 
 180. H. Stramineum, Dicks. Plants slender, in soft pale 
 yellowish green tufts ; stems long, slender, simple or with few 
 branches, not ramulose : leaves erect, open, ovate-oblong, obtuse, 
 concave, subcucullate, excavate at the decurrent angles, narrowly 
 costatc to above the middle ; perichietial leaves taper-pointed, 
 the inner serrate at the ajjex, very thinly costate, not plicate ; 
 capsule ccrnuous or horizontal from a short erect collum, oblong- 
 cylindrical ; lid convex-conical, acute ; teeth short ; segments 
 slightly cleft ; cilia two, very short, fragile ; annulus none. — 
 Cryjit. Fasc. ii. 6, t. 1 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 017. Amblysteyium 
 Btramineum^ DeNot. 1. c. 137. 
 
 II AB. Peat bogs; White Mountains (Oak€a)\ Focono Mountain, 
 Pennsylvania (Porter). 
 
 181. H. trifarium, Web. & Mohr. Tufts dirty green 
 above, dark brown within, rigid when dry ; stems flexuous, 
 drooping or erect, scarcely divided, filiform at base, gradually 
 thicker above: leaves closely imbricate when dry, five-ranked, 
 broadly ovate, obtuse, slightly decurrent, deei)ly concave ; 
 costa simple, ascending to the middle, or double and shorter ; 
 areolation very narrow, small and shorter at the angles ; peri- 
 chaetial leaves loosely imbricate, the inner long-lancoolate, 
 blunt or subacute, narrowly costate, sulcate: capsule small, 
 cernuous and horizontal, oblong-cylindrical with a distinct col- 
 lum; lid convex-conical, reddish; annulus of a triple row of 
 very small cells; peristome as in the preceding. — Schwed. 
 Reise, 177, t. 2 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 618. II. atramineum^ var. tri- 
 farium, Schwaegr. Suppl. i. 2. 212, t. 89. Amblyateginm tri- 
 farium^ DeNot. 1. c. 
 
 Hab. Feat bogs, Northern Ohio (Xesguereux) ; Lake Huron; sterile. 
 
 i 
 
40G 
 
 BliYXCKJE. 
 
 [lll/pnum. 
 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 
 1 t 
 
 1H2. H. turgescens, Schimp. CcHpitoHc, ill (Uh'P soft 
 tunu'Hct'iit <liirk yellow iiikI jj^rt'oniMh tuftM ; Mtt'iiin hIciuIct, erect, 
 er.'ulieiiloMe, with few fasti^'iate jiilaeeoiiH braiielieH aii<l few 
 Khort tliiek or loiii^ Nlender hraiicliletH : leaves ^lonHy, broadly 
 ohionif, tleejily eoneave, suhciuMilIate at the apex, abruptly 
 Mhort-apiciilate ; borders ereet ami entire, not decurreiit nor 
 excavate at the anglcH ; coMta nhort, bifurcate ; ccIIh narrow, 
 short, hexa<;oiial, vermicular in the upper part of the leaves, 
 broader toward the base, lur^e, rectangular and (prndratc at the 
 angles: male flowers minute. — Syn. ed. 2, 704. 
 
 llAu. Davis IStraits {Taylor), according to Mitten (Journ. Linn. Soc. 
 viii. 42). 
 
 IHJK H. badium, Ilartm. Plants erect or prostrate, dark 
 reddish brown below, oranj^e-yellow above : leaves imbricate, 
 short, solid, j^lossy, greenish yellow when young, gradually 
 darker toward the base of the steins, broadly ovate, acute or 
 acuminate, very entire and concave ; costa ascending to above 
 the iui<ldle, dissolving or bipartite at the apex ; areolation thick, 
 Boli<l, flexuous-linear, with a few very small quadrate alar cells ; 
 perichietium long, imbricate, the leaves ovate, long-lanceolate, 
 solid, thinly costate : ca|)8ule small, cernuous, turgid-oval, thin, 
 on a slender |)e<licel, slightly constricted under the orifice when 
 dry. — Skand. Fl. ed. 5, 332 ; Schimp. Syn. 041). Amhlystegium 
 badium^ Lindb. Muse. Scand. 33. 
 
 Had. Labrador (J. A. Allen), sterile. 
 
 A beautiful species, described by Schimper from specimens communi- 
 cated by Ilartniann. Tlie capsules were deoperculate. It is considered 
 by Mueller (Syn. ii. 324) to be a form of II. reeolvens. 
 
 SuncENus XXVI SCORPIDIUM. 
 
 Plants of great size, with f.istigiatc branches and few branch- 
 lets. Leaves turgid, imbricate, secund, broad-ovate, soft, sub- 
 ecostate ; areolation very narrow. Flowers dioecious. 
 
 184. H. SCOrpioides, Linn. Tufts wide and deep, soft, 
 dark green or reddish brown; plants flexuous, erect or pros- 
 trate ; branches dichotomous or fastigiate, distantly and un- 
 equally ramulose ; branches and branchlets arcuate or incurved 
 at the apex : leaves crowded, turgid, imbricate-secund, those of 
 the branches sometimes falcate, narrowed at base, broadly ovate, 
 obtuse or short-pointed, concave, soft ; costa simple or double 
 
Il^pnnm.] 
 
 DUYACE.E. 
 
 407 
 
 short, obsolete ; arcolation very narrow, n little enlari;<Ml at this 
 baHe aixl aii^leN ; perieliietial leaves Hharpiy aciiiiiiiiale, deeplv 
 Bulcate, with a very slender pale eosta ; capsule incurved, eer- 
 nuous or arcuate, oldon^-cylindrical, heconiin;^ much arched, 
 plicate aixl constricted under the oritice when dry; lid convex- 
 conical, acute; peristonie perfect ; cilia two or three, nearly an 
 Ion;; as the Nliu[htly perforated segments; annulcs very lar^e, 
 tiiple. — Spec. 1*1. 1127; IJryoI. Kur. t. tll'J. Anihl^Hteijium 
 acorpioitln*^ l.in*ll>. I. c. 
 
 II AH. t'raiiborry nmrshoB, Northern Ohio (/ww/ '«'»•<■•£/); (.'anada 
 
 SunoKNUK XXVir. PLKITKOZIUM. 
 
 Plants increasini^ hy annual arcuate hranches or hy erect 
 ri^nd inni>vations, fasciculate, pinnate and liipinnately raniulose. 
 Stem-leaves l.arjjfcr than those of the hranches Jind different in 
 shape; paraphyllia numerous, lari^e, pluripartite. 
 
 18.'). H. splendens, Hedw. Tufts loose, ri^id, pale ollvo 
 green; plants solid, the ohl ones njany tinu's arcuate ; hranch- 
 lets long, filiform : basilar leaves <listant, small and S(|uaniiform, 
 the upper larger, loose'y imbricate, broa<lly oblong-ovate, nar- 
 rowe<l into a long flexuous point, obsolotely bicostate, plano- 
 concave, serrulate ; branch-leaves smaller, oval-oblong, shorter- 
 pointed ; inner periclut'tial leaves narrowly acuminate, suberect 
 or reeurved at the apex : calyptra large, long-persistent : ca|)- 
 sule turgid-ovate ; operculum large, rostrate. — Spec. Muse. 202, 
 t. 07. // proUferum^ Linn. S]>ec. PI. 1125. jrifloconiinni 
 splendens^ Bruch & Sehimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 487. Ilylocomium 
 proli/erum, Lindb. Muse. Scand. 37. 
 
 Var. compactum. Stems compact, prostrate, with short 
 branches and filiform or attenuated branchlets : stem-leaves 
 short-pointed. 
 
 Hau. Deep pine woods, In mountains or northward ; very common. 
 Tlie variety near Forteau, Labrador {J. A. Alien). 
 
 180. H. umbratum, Ehrh. Tufts loose, dark or blackish 
 green, rigid ; plants irregularly bipinnate ; branchlets close, 
 subfasciculate, unequal, arcuate to one side ; stems fragile, 
 covered with paraphyllia : stem-leaves long, decurrent at base, 
 broadly obcordate, abruptly lanceolate-acuminate, with a long 
 double eosta, deeply sulcate, serrate all around, with a few 
 
 Ij 
 
 II ■ 
 
 ' 
 
408 
 
 BRYACEiE. 
 
 [Uypnum. 
 
 -■ 
 
 1 .:, 
 
 ^i 
 
 
 
 
 I\ n 
 
 III 
 
 p 
 
 i I 
 
 ! ■!! 
 
 M- 
 
 I 
 
 J - 
 
 1:1 I 
 
 longer basilar teeth ; branch-leaves broadly ovate, short-acumi- 
 nate, (lark green ; perichtetial leaves broad, Hj>reading at the 
 point: oai)8ule turgid-ovate, subhorizontal, pale brown; lid 
 conical, acute ; segments nearly entire ; annulus none. — Muse. 
 Exsicc. n. GG; Iledw. Sj). Muse. 2G3, t. 67. // proliferum^ 
 var. wnbratum, Wahl. Ilt/locomimn umftratum, Bruch & 
 Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 488. 
 
 liAU. Deep pine woods on high mountains; summit of the Adirondack 
 and Catskill Mountains (Lesquereux). 
 
 187. H. OakdSii, Sulliv. Plants in wide depressed swollen 
 dirty green tufts ; stems continuous by annual arcuate innova^ 
 tions, distantly ])innately ramulose ; branches and branchlets 
 com;;rc'ssed-foliate : stem-leaves loose, broadly ovate, o2)en, 
 those of the branches glossy, loosely incumbent, ovate-oMong, 
 all concave, more or less long-aciiminate (the borders recurved 
 to near the apex), irregularly and coarsely serrate above, sim- 
 ply costate to the middle; paraphyllia large, bipinnately 
 divided ; perichaetial leaves ecostate, sheathing to the middle, 
 there squarrosely reflexed, narrowed to a long sharply serrate 
 point : capsule globose-ovate, turgid, on a long slender arcuate 
 pedicel ; operculum convex-conical, short-rostrate ; annulus 
 none ; peristome of the last. — Gray's Manual, G73 (1848), Mem. 
 Amer. Acad. n. ser. iv. 173, t, 5, and Icon. Muse. 159, t. 102. 
 Jfylocomium Jimbriatiim, Bruch & Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 489. 
 Hyloconmim Oakeaii^ Schimp. Coroll. 139. Ilylocomium 
 Pyrenaicum, Lindb. 1. c. 37. 
 
 Hab. White Mountains (Oakes, James). 
 
 188. H. brevirostre, Ehrh. Tufts large, swollen, some- 
 what rigid, pale or dark green ; stems solid, arcuate, erect or 
 drooping, irregularly or fasciculately pinnate-ramulose, covered 
 with minute i)araphyllia : stem-leaves spreading, squarrose or 
 subsecund, broadly obcordate-ovate, abruptly and narrowly 
 apiculate, decurrent and half-clasping at base, irregularly sul- 
 cate, narrowly bicostate, serrulate above, those of the branch- 
 lets ovate-lanceolate, all glossy ; perichtetial leaves half-sheath- 
 mg at base, subulate-acuminate, squarrose-reflexed, serrate at 
 the apex : capsule horizontal, on a pedicel arcuate above, turgid- 
 ovate or oblong, sulcate when dry; operculum long-conical, 
 acuminate or subrostrate; teeth orange; cilia subappendicu- 
 iate; annulus narrow.^'^MubO. Exsicc. n. $5; Schwaegr. Snppl. 
 
Ilyimum.] 
 
 BRYACKJffi. 
 
 409 
 
 iii. 1., t. 225'- Ilylocomium brevirostrum, Bruch & Schimp. 
 Bryol. Eur. t. 403. 
 
 Hab. Summit of the Alleghany Mountains {Sullivant & Lesquereux), 
 fertile; deep ravines, Tennsylvania and New Jersey (James, Atiaf.u), 
 sterile. 
 
 Subgenus XXVIII. HYLOCOMIUM. 
 
 Plants long, two or three times divided, distantly and irregu- 
 larly pinnate-ram ulose, with innovations from the apex and 
 from the lateral branches. Leaves squarrose or spreading- 
 secund ; paraphyllia none. Capsule turgid-ovate or subglobose. 
 — Ift/locomium, Schimp. 
 
 189. H. squarrosum, Linn. In wide soft bright green 
 tufts ; stems slender, flexuous, distantly ramulose, the branchlets 
 unequal, acute, flexuous: stem-leaves crowded, divaricately 
 squarrose from the erect concave base, broadly ovate, narrowly 
 lanceolate-acuminate, with a short costa or none ; branch-leaves 
 smaller, less squarrose, the terminal spreading, distantly and 
 obscurely dentate, not sulcate ; areolation dilated, reddish brown 
 at base; perichaBtium squarrose, the inner leaves subulate- 
 acuminate, serrulate at apex: capsule abru])tly horizontal, 
 turgid-ovate or subglobose, reddish-brown, inclined when dry ; 
 pedicel twisted to the right ; operculum convex-conical, apicu- 
 late ; segments split between the articulations ; cilia three ; annulus 
 double. — Spec. PI. 1127. Ilylocomium squarrosum^ Bruch & 
 Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 492. 
 
 Hab. Grassy places and borders of woods ; Alleghany Mountains near 
 Summit Portage, Pennsylvania (Lesquereux)\ Oregon {E. Hall); rare, 
 and found only sterile. 
 
 190. H. triquetrum, Linn. Tufts high and wide, rigid, 
 yellowish or light green ; stems woody, reddish, long, robust, 
 erect, nearly simple or fastigiately branching, pinnately ramu- 
 lose ; branchlets unequal, short and rigid, or longer and flagelli- 
 form, sometimes radiculose at the apex : stem-leaves close, 
 subsquarrose, rarely secund, deltoid-obcordate and decurrent it 
 base, lanceolate above, sulcate, narrowly bicostate to the middle, 
 serrate nt the apex, scarious, loosely areolate at base ; leaves of 
 the branchlets narrower and gradually smaller upward ; peri- 
 ehfetium squarrose : capsule horizontal by a curve of the pedicel 
 under its base or inclined, oblong, narrowed at the orifice when 
 
 i I 
 
 Ili 
 
 !i 
 
 V- 
 
 • 4 
 
410 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Hypnum. 
 
 . 
 
 im i 
 
 
 I:, 'I 
 
 I 
 
 M'^ 
 
 u 
 
 U:! 
 
 dry ; operculum convex, nianiillate ; teeth orange, with a broad 
 yellow border; segments split their whole length ; cilia three, very 
 stout, as long as the segments; annulus simple. — Spec. PI. 
 1124. Ilt/locomium triquetrum^ Bruch and Schirap. Bryol. 
 Eur. t. 491. 
 Had. Pine woods; plains and mountains. 
 
 191. H. Flemmingii. Plants pale and robust ; stems sim- 
 ple, erect, rigid, obtuse at the apex : leaves cordate at base, broadly 
 ovate-lanceolate, obtusely acuminate, very flexuous, squarrose, 
 subfalcate, deeply sulcate, minutely papillose at the apex, glossy, 
 bicostate at base ; areolation minute and narrowly subquadrate 
 at the angles ; borders minutely and closely serrulate above, 
 reflexed and ciliate at base ; nerves distant, narrow, reaching 
 nearly to the middle, ciliate at base : flowers and fruit unknown. 
 — Hylocomium Flemmingii^ Aust. Bull. Torr. Club, v. 24. 
 
 Had. Vancouver Island (Macoun, 1872). 
 
 The author says that this species is remarkable for the obtuse apex of 
 the leaf and the minute decompound cilia on the margins and nerves at 
 base. We Iiave seen no specimen of this moss, which is probably a vari- 
 ety of IL iimbratum. 
 
 192. H. loreum, Linn. Tufts drooping, loose, soft, pale 
 olive or yellowish green ; stems long, prostrate, nearly simple, 
 with the few dichotomous branches distantly and interruptedly 
 pinnate-ramulose ; branchlets long, flexuous, attenuate at the 
 often radiculose apex: leaves close, thin, broadly ovate and 
 sulcate at base, narrowly long-lanceolate and acuminate, falcate, 
 concave, serrulate at the apex, ecostate ; areolation very narrow 
 and equal to the base ; leaves of the branchlets ovate, subulate, 
 curved ; inner perichaBtial leaves half-sheathing at base, subulate- 
 acuminate, ecostate : calyptra twisted, often left attached to the 
 pedicel : capsule subglobose, solid, reddish brown, sulcate when 
 dry, abruptly horizontal on a strong flexuous pedicel twisted to 
 the right ; lid large, convex, mamillate ; annulus and peristome 
 as in IT. triquetrum. — Spec. PI. 1127. Hylocomium loreum^ 
 Bruch <fc Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 490. 
 
 Had. Deep woods, Oregon (Hall)\ Reeky Mountains {I}rumm.ond)\ 
 British Columbia {Lyall^ etc.); Alaska (Biachoff). 
 
 
 % V 
 
Hypnum.] 
 
 BRYACEiE. 
 
 411 
 
 m 
 
 Species of uncertain affinity ; not clearly referable to any of 
 
 the described subyenera. 
 
 193. H. Wrightii, Sulliv. Mona'cious : plants loosely 
 intricate, dark green or variegated with reddish yellow; stems 
 prostrate, radiculosc on the lower side, irregularly divided; 
 branches long, loosely foliate : leaves two-ranked, complanate, 
 ovate-oblong, blunt or acute at the apex, obscurely serrulate 
 above, the lateral spreading with an oblicjue base, inflexe<l on 
 one side ; costa stoiit, ascending to above the middle ; areolation 
 rhoniboidal-oval, slightly tumid on both sides; alar cells *^ery 
 numerous, small, transversely oblong, close ; perichaatial leaves 
 few, loose, erect, costate to the middle, narrowed into a slender 
 serrulate point : capsule small, oblong, erect or slightly cernuous, 
 thin, narrowed to a short pedicel; operculum conical, short- 
 rostrate ; teeth pale-yellow, distantly articulate ; segments cleft ; 
 cilia solitary, shorter; annulus none. — Icon. Muse. 209, t. 127. 
 Omalia Wriyhtii^ Sulliv. Mosses of U. States, 65; Sulliv. & 
 Lesq. Muse. Bor.-Amer. Exsicc. n. 269. 
 
 Hab. Roots of trees; San Antonio, Texas (Wright); Santa Fe, New 
 Mexico {Fendler). 
 
 A distinct species, not to be confounded with any other. In its suberect 
 capsule and oblong senii-costate and coniplanate loaves it resembles the 
 genus Ilomalia, to wh'ch it was originally referred, and the figure is 
 still retained in the plates as representing sufficiently the characters of 
 that genus. 
 
 194. H. planum, Brid. Monoecious : plants widely ces- 
 pitose, stems prostrate, very long-creeping, complanate, irregu- 
 larly pinnate, bright green : leaves loosely imbricate, broadly 
 ovate, acute or shortly acuminate, concave below, constricted at 
 base; borders erect, minutely crenulate; coata obsolete; cells 
 long, narrow, papillose, the basilar few, quadrate, granulose, the 
 alar three, small and vermicular, i)ellucid ; perichaetial leaves 
 sheathing, broad at base, lanceolate-subulate, erose-denticulate 
 above, more strongly papillose: capsule small, subcernuous, 
 oval and horizontally inclined, constricted at the orifice, short- 
 necked, on a very long yellow smooth pedicel ; operculum tur- 
 gid, conical-acuminate, orange; teeth yellow; segments solid, 
 as long; cilia solitary, white. — Muse. Recent. Suppl. ii. 97; 
 Schwaegr. Suppl. iii., t. 280. Leskea {Omalia) cymbifolia^ 
 Brid. Bryol. Univ. ii. 333. 
 
 Hab. Florida, not rare (Auaiin, J. Lonnell Smith). 
 
 
 ' i 
 
 I i 
 
 i. i 
 
 i 
 
 5 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 ! 
 
 i 
 
 
 ) 
 
412 
 
 BRYACE^. 
 
 [Hypnum. 
 
 ,J . ,; 
 
 fi \'. 
 
 195. H. Ooloradense, Aust. Plants robust; stems erect 
 or at length prostrate, coinpressed, sparingly branched : leaves 
 erect, appressed-itnbrieate, not changed in drying, oblong-ovate, 
 concave, abruptly j)iliferous at the often recurved apex ; mar- 
 gins entire or subserrate, scarcely recurved at the somewhat 
 narrowed and rounded base ; angles excavated ; cells less narrow, 
 nearly straight and uniform except at the very base, where they 
 are shorter and slightly inflated, oval or roundish, but not more 
 pellucid. — Coult. Bot. Gaz. ii. 111. 
 
 Had. Colorado (Miss II. J. liiddlecome). 
 
 Differs from Myuriitm Ilerjedalicum, Scliimp. (Syn. 696), In the com- 
 pressed stem, and the leaves subplicate, somewhat rounded at base, and 
 the margin scarcely recurved below. The reticulation of the leaf suggests 
 a Camptotheciuvi, the pilura at the apex is much as in Eurhynchium 
 piliferum, while the general habit of the plant is that of Bhynchostegium. 
 — {Austin.) 
 
 )'• 
 
 l'^ 
 
ADDITIONS, ETC. 
 
 Page 20. 
 
 10. Sphagrnum laricinum} Spruce. The last locality given under 
 the habitat should be Gloucester County, New Jersey, instead of Pennsyl- 
 vania. 
 
 Page 55. 
 
 1. AncBctangrium Peckii, Sulliv. — Amjyhoridium Pecfctt, Sulllv. 
 in Regents' Rep. of Univ. of State of New York, xxii. 57 (1809). 
 
 Page 110. 
 
 TiiiciioaxoMUM CoLOKADENSE, Austln. Plants small, greenish brown; 
 stem slender, subflexuous, i to 1 cm. long: lower leaves remote, the 
 upper clcse together, open-incurved, linear, convolute their whole length, 
 acute, minutely granulose-papillose ; areolatlon minute and obscure, sub- 
 pellucid at base; borders plane, very entire, thin, subpellucid at the apex, 
 sometimes minutely serrate; costa enlarged at base, flat, very thin, 
 scarcely distinguishable from the lamina above the middle and vanishing 
 much below the apex. — Coult. Bot. Gaz. ii. 90. 
 
 As remarked by Watson (Bot. Calif, ii. 307), this species is based upon 
 specimens without fruit, and the genus therefore undeterminable. The 
 name of the collector is also uncertain, and the specific name a misnomer, 
 as the moss is not known from Colorado. Austin states that it was 
 collected in Yosemite Valley by a Mr. James (probably Ji. W. James), 
 
 Page 277. 
 
 CiiYPH^A INTTNDATA, Necs. Stems pendulous, loosely pinnately 
 branclied; branchlets recurved at the apex: leaves distant, oblong-lanceo- 
 late, carinate, the lower ones complicate, oblique; costa stout, excurrent: 
 capsule oval, unilateral on the stems, immersed in the long ecostate peri- 
 ch^etial leaves: cilia of tlie inner peristome red, persistent, incurved at the 
 apex, as long as the teeth. — Pflanz. Maxim, von Wied, 27; Sulliv. 
 Mosses of U. States, 50. 
 
 Has. Floating in water and attached to immersed branches of trees, 
 Wabasli, Fox, and Black Rivers, Illinois (Maxim, von Wied). 
 
 As far as can be judged from the insufficient description, this moss is 
 referable to Dichelyma subulatum or 2>. capillaceum. 
 
 413 
 
 ■5 ; 
 
 II 
 
414 
 
 ADDITIONS, ETC. 
 
 Page 279. 
 
 1' Leptodon Floridanus, Liiulb. Similar to Z. tncho- 
 
 mitrium, differing in the plants more robust, the leaves broader 
 and ovate, abruptly acuminate, the cells larger and especially 
 broader, thicker and communicating by j)ores, the pedicel 
 longer, nearly parallel to the stem (not diverging from it), and 
 the cai)sule half as large, ovate-cylindrical. — Krit. Gransk. 
 Moss. Dill. 53. 
 Uab. Florida (C7m/))/ian). 
 
 
 Page 346, after //. plumosum. 
 
 58*- H. oxycladon, Brid. Moncecious : stem short, pros- 
 trate, vaguely or pinnately ramose ; branches simple or fascicu- 
 late, slender, acute, yellowish green and shining: stem-leaves 
 close, narrowly lanceolate, acumin.ate, slightly biplicate, strict 
 or subcurved, nearly entire; alar cells loosely quadrate, thin, 
 granuloso inside ; perichsetial leaves nerved, the inner narrowed 
 into a long filiform acumen, not j)licate : capsule oval, equal, on 
 a smooth pedicel ; lid conical, obtuse, erect ; teeth not split 
 open ; cilia single, long and slender. — Muse. Kecent. Suppl. ii. 
 123; Schwaegr. Suppl. iii., t. 285; Muell. Syn. ii. 360. // 
 attenuatuni^ Brid. Bryol. Univ. ii. 448 ; fide Muell. 
 
 Hab. Pennsylvania {Muhlenberg), etc. 
 
 Mueller compares 't to //. luteacens. From the description it appears 
 like II. nitens, especially its sterile American form. 
 
 Page 353. 
 
 73'- H. Vaucheri, Schimp. Densely cespitose, soft, gray- 
 ish green ; stem prostrate, stoloniferous, with erect fasciculate 
 branches ; branchlets long, attenuate, flagelliform : leaves close, 
 broadly ovate-lanceolate, filiform-acuminate, concave, minutely 
 crenulate all around, glossy ; costa thin, ascending to the middle 
 or above ; pericluetial leaves numerous, subsquarrose, the mner 
 long-filiform acuminate : capsule small, cernuous, turgid-ovate 
 or oblong, subincurved ; pedicel very rough ; lid rostellate ; 
 teeth and segments long, subulate ; cilia 1 or 2, very slender, as 
 long as th i teeth. — Bruch & Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 530. 
 
 Hab. Canada (Macoun), sterile; according to Austin. 
 
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 
 
 Note. — The mosses selected for illustrating the genera are fignred of 
 the natural size; tlieir details are more or less magnitiod. The sign 4 in- 
 dicates the antheridia. Plates I.-V. are the same that were used by 
 Sulli.ant for tlie illustration of his "Mosses of the United States," the 
 figures partly from original tlrawings, partly taken from the plates of 
 Bruch & Schimper's Jtryoloyia Europdia. The last plate, illustrating 
 mainly the subgenera of Uypnum, is, with a single exception, made up 
 from Schimper. 
 
 i 
 
 Plate I. 
 
 Andresea. — riant, calyptra, capsule before dehiscence, and the same 
 after dehiscence, of A. rujieatris, Turn. 
 
 Sphagrnum. — Plant, capsule with remains of the calyptra, the same 
 cut lengthwise, and the operculum, of 8. cymbij'oliuin, Ehrh. 
 
 Archidium. — Plant, a plant enlarged, cai^ule with base of calyptra, 
 and upper portion of the calyptra, of A. Ohioense, Schimp. 
 
 Phascum. — Plant, the same enlarged, capsule, and calyptra, of P. 
 cuspidatum, Schreb. 
 
 Bruchia. — Plant, a plant enlarged, calyptra, and capsule, of B. brevi- 
 folia, Sulliv. 
 
 Gymnostomum. — Plant, calyptra, capsule, and operculum, of G. 
 
 rupestre, Schwaegr. 
 Weisia. — Plant, capsule with calyptra and operculum, and five teeth 
 
 of the peristome, of W. viridiila, Brid. 
 
 Rhabdoweisia. — Plant, calyptra, capsule with operculum, capsule 
 when dry, and three teeth of the peristome, of li. fugax, Bruch & 
 Schimp. 
 
 Dicranodontium. — Plant, calyptra, capsule with operculum, and 
 two 2-parted teeth of the peristome, of D. longirontre, Brucli & 
 Schimp. 
 
 Dicranum. — Plant, capside with calyptra and operculum, and two 
 teeth of the peristome, of D.fulvellinii, Smith. 
 
 Seligeria. — Plant, capsule with calyptra and operculum, and three 
 teeth of the peristome, of S. tristicha, Bruch & Sdiimp. 
 
 Barbula. — Plant, calyptra, capsule with operculum, and peristome, of 
 B. utiffuiciilata, Hedw. 
 
 Ceratodon. — Plant, calyptra, capsule with operculum, same when dry, 
 and two 2-clef t teeth of the peristome, of C. purpureus, Brid. 
 
 415 
 
 m 
 
 :, 
 
416 
 
 EXPLANATION OP THE PLATES. 
 
 !i ■ 
 
 Fissidens. — Plant, calyptra, capsule with operculum, and two 2-cleft 
 teeth of the peristome, of F. tiuiJ'oUiiH, Ileuw. 
 
 Campylopus. — riunt, cal) ptra, cap8ule with calyptra and operculum, 
 and two teeth of the perislume, of C. Jtvxuuisii«, lirld. 
 
 Leptotrichum. — Plant, calyptra, capsule with operctiiuni, and three 
 teeth of the peristome, of L. turtUe, Muell. 
 
 Conomitriuxn. — Plant, calyptra, capsule and operculum together 
 with the pedicel and pcrichtutial leaves, and three teeth of the peri- 
 stome, of C. Jidhtnnin, Mont. 
 
 Trematodon. — Plant, calyptra, capsule with operculum and apophy- 
 sis, and two teeth of the peristome, of T. lonyicoUiSf Michx. 
 
 , 
 
 lit., 
 
 h 
 
 Plate II. 
 
 Leuoobryum. — Plant, calyptra, capsule with operculum, capsule 
 when dry, and two 2-parted teeth of the peristome, of L. vulyare^ 
 Ilampe. 
 
 Dioranum. — Plant, calyptra, capsule with operculum, and two 2-parte4 
 teeth of tl»e pt>ristome, of 1). Hcopurinniy Hedw. 
 
 Desmatodon. — Plant, calyptra, operculum, capsule, mouth of same 
 with peristome, and two 2-parted teeth with a portion of the annulus, 
 of 1). plbilhob'iun, JSulliv. & Lesq. 
 
 Didymodon. — Plant, calyptra, operculum, capsule, and two teeth of 
 the peristome witli a portion of the annulus, of D. rubellua, liruch 
 & Schiinp. 
 
 Eustiohia. — Plants, a plant enlarged, male flower, an antheridium, 
 fertile flower, and section of the leaf, of E. Norveyica, Brld. 
 
 Distichium. — Plant, portion of stem and leaves enlarged, calyptra, 
 capsule with operculum, and two teeth of the peristome with a part of 
 the annulus, of 1). capUlaceum, Bruch & Schiinp. 
 
 Pottia. — Plants, capsule with calyptra and operculum, and capsule 
 with the operculum attached only by the columella, of P. truncata, 
 Fuern. 
 
 Syrrhopodon. — Plant, capsule with calyptra and operculum, opercu- 
 lum, and three teeth of the peristome, of S. Floridanua, Sulliv. 
 
 Sohlotheimia. — Plant, capsule with operculum, same covered by 
 the calyptra, lower portion of the calyptra, and part of the peri- 
 stome (one tooth and two cilia), of S. ^ulUcuntii, Muell. 
 
 Tetraphis. — Plant, capsule with calyptra, operculum, and entire peri- 
 stome, of T. pellucida, Hedw. 
 
 Ptyohomitrium. — Plant, calyptra, operculum, capsule with peristome 
 and portion of the annulus, and two teeth of the peristome, of P. m- 
 curvuvi, Sulliv. 
 
 Drummondia. — Plant, calyptra, capsule with calyptra and opercii- 
 lum, operculum, two teeth of the peristome, and three spores, of D. 
 clavellata, Hoolc. 
 
 Bncalypta. — Plant, capsule covered by the calyptra, capsule with 
 operculum, .dry capsule, and three teeth of the peristome with a part 
 of the annulus, of E. rhabdocarpa, Schwaegr. 
 
 Amphoridium (&s Zyyodon). — Plant, calyptra, capsule with opercu- 
 lum, and dried capsule, of A. Lapponicum, Schimp. 
 
 Macromitrium. — Plant, calyptra, capsule, and mouth of same 
 with the annular peristome, of M. SulUvantii, Muell. 
 
1 
 
 EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 
 
 417 
 
 Qrinnniek {Schlstidlum). — Plant, calyptra, oapsulo witli calyptra luid 
 optM'culiuii, opcrculuiii with culuiiiella, atitl twu locth uf the pcristoiiit', 
 of G, (tinn'drini, lU'clw. 
 
 Orimmia. — PlatJt, capsule with calyptra, and two te«'th of the peri- 
 Btoine with part of the anntiliis, of (J. trnroplnvd. (Jrev. 
 
 Racomitrium. — Plant, capsule with calyi>ti-a, oixrcuhun, and one 
 2-parted tooth of the (Mirlstonie with a portion ot the aunuluH, of li. 
 iiciciildrc, Urld. 
 
 Hedwigia. — Plant, calyntra, capsule with operculum, and dried cap- 
 sule, of //. cllidta, Ehrli. 
 
 Ulota. — Plant, calyptra, operculum, capsule with calyptra, dried ca|v 
 aide, and portion of the peristome (two pairs of teeth and three 
 cilia), of v. llutchiiiHivB, Schimp. 
 
 Plate III. 
 
 Buxbaumia. — Plant, calyptra, capsule with operculum, mouth of cap- 
 sule with peristome, and operculum with part of coliunella, of li. 
 (iphylld, Linn. 
 
 Diphyscium. — Plant, calyptra, capsule, peristome, and operculum 
 with part of columella, of 1). foUoimm, Mohr. 
 
 Atrichum. — Plant, calyptra and its point more ma^nitied, capsule 
 witli operculum, and peristome with epipliragm, of A. anyuatattuHf 
 Unlch & Schinip. 
 
 Poffonatum. — Plant, hairy calyptra covering the capsule, capsule with 
 operculum, peristome witli epiphragm and four teetli, of i^ urniye' 
 rum, Beauv. 
 
 Polytrichum. — Plant, hairy calyptra covering the capsule, capsule 
 with operculum, dried capsule, and three teeth of the peristome, of 
 P. commune, Linn. 
 
 Bartramia. — Plant, capsule with calyptra and operculum, dried cap- 
 sule, operculum, and portion of the peristome, of B. pomij'urmiiy 
 Hedw. 
 
 Mnium. — Plant, capsule with operculum, and portion of the peristome 
 (two teeth, three perforated segments, and live cilia), of M. cuspida' 
 turn, Hedw. 
 
 Conostomum. — Plant, capsule with calyptra and operculum, and 
 peristome, of C. boreale, Swartz. 
 
 Meesia. — Plant, a flower (of two antheridia, two archegonia, and four 
 paraphyses), capsule witli operculum, same without operculum and 
 dry, and two teeth and two inner segments of tlie peristome with a 
 part of the annulus, of M. longiiieta, Hedw. 
 
 Funaria. — Plant, capsule with calyptra and operculum, same with 
 operculum only, operculum, and an entire tooth of the iwristome 
 with tlie bases of two broken teeth opposite to two cilia, of F. hygro- 
 metricUy Sibth. 
 
 Aulacomnion. — Plant, calyptra, capsule with operculum, dried 
 capsule, and part of the peristome (two teeth, one segment split 
 along the middle, and two cilia), of A. heterostichwn, Uruch & 
 Schimp. 
 
 Timmia. — Plant, calyptra attached to the pedicel, capsule with oper- 
 culum, dried capsule, and one tooth of the peristome with several 
 appendiculate di\isions of the segments united by foiu*s and a portion 
 01 the annulus, of T. meyapolitana, Hedw. 
 
418 
 
 EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 
 
 li-'; 
 
 Platk IV. 
 
 Bntosthodon. — riantH, ralyptra, cansule with opcroulnin, month of 
 caimiile with «'iitii'() ixiristoiiiu, and tlireu of tliu tuuth with part of the 
 animiii.H, uf K. Uriiinmondii, ISulliv. 
 
 Physoomitrium. — riant, naniu enlaigwl, calyptra, capsule, and oper- 
 culum with colinntdla, of /'. iinmerHitm, Sniliv. 
 
 Aphanorheerma. — riant, name enlargnd, calyptra, capsule, and oper- 
 culum, of A. nciratuiu, Mulliv. 
 
 Tetraplodon. — Plant, calyntra with operculum, calyptra, capsule 
 with it8 long apophyHJH, and four teeth of the peristome in pairs, of 
 T. nuHtralis, &>ulliv. & Les<i. 
 
 Splaohnum. — Plants, calyptra (entire and tipped with the stvlc), cap- 
 sule with operculum and paraphyHiH, oi>erculum, mouth of capsule 
 with the rtttlexed teeth of the peristome and exserted capitate colu- 
 mella, and two teetli, of M. amt>itllaceum, Linn. 
 
 Coscinodou. — Plant, plant enlarged, calyptra, capsule with calyptra 
 and upcrcultun, same with operculum only, and two teeth of the peri- 
 stome with part of the annufus, of C. Wrlyhtli, ISulliv. 
 
 Diohelyma. — Plant, oerichajtial leaves with capsule laterally emer- 
 gent, capsule with calyptra and operculum, operculum, and two teeth 
 of the peristome wltli two cilia connected at the apex by cross-bars, 
 of D.capillaceuin, Biuch & Schimp. 
 
 Fontinalis. — Plant, calyptra, capsule with operculum, same immersed 
 in the perichtetial leaves, operculum and peristome (the inner a tes- 
 sellated cone), of F. antipyretica, Linn. 
 
 Anacamptodon. — Plant, calyptra, capsule with operculum, dried 
 ctipMule, operculum, and two entire teeth of the peristome with the 
 base of a third rellexed and three cilia-like segments, of A. aplach- 
 no'idea, Brid. 
 
 Pabronia. — Plant, calyptra, capsule with operculum, operculum, and 
 two teeth of the peristome, of F. liavenclii, Sulliv. 
 
 Antitrichia. — Plant, calyptra, capsule with operculum, operculum, 
 
 and two teeth of the peristome with three segments, of A. curtipen- 
 
 dula, Brid. 
 Leptodon. — Plant, capsule with calyptra, capsule with operculum and 
 
 pedicel and perichsetial leaves, and two teeth of the peristome, of L. 
 
 O/iioenah, Sulliv. 
 Brjnim. — Plant, an hermaphrodite flower (of two antheridia, two arche- 
 
 gonia, and four paraphyses), capsule with operculum, and part of the 
 
 peristome (one tooth, one perforated segment, and three appendicu- 
 
 late cilia), of B. bimum, Schreb. 
 
 Pylaisia. — Plant, calyptra, capsule with operculum, and portion of the 
 peristome (three teeth with agglutinate segments), of P. intricata, 
 Bruch & Schimp. 
 
 Leucodon. ~ Plant, capsule with calyptra and operculum, capsule with 
 operculum and perichtetial leaves, operculum, and three of the per- 
 forated teeth of the outer peristome with the inner annular membrane, 
 of L. julaceuSf Sulliv. 
 
 Plate V. 
 
 Homalothecium. — Plant, capsule with calyptra and operculum, oper- 
 culum, and three teeth of the outer peristome with fragments of the 
 inner mecsbrane and a part of the annulus, of H. subcapillatum, Sulliv. 
 
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 
 
 419 
 
 Platygyrium. -- Plant, cnnnulo with calyptrn aiul opemiliiin, op«r- 
 ciiliiiii, an*i four tt'clli oi lli«! poriHtointt with hh many Nt>i;in«>ntH utul a 
 quarU;!' of tho Iui'ku aiiniiliis, of /'. rc/ioiM, linidi t.W- Schiinp. 
 
 Oylindrotheoium. — IMimt, capMulu with culyptni aii<l opcrriiliMii, mill 
 two tt't'tii of Ihu puriHtoiiit! with oitu Mi^iiifiil, of C. vUidoi'i'liiznnH, 
 Srhitiip. 
 
 Myurella. — IMunt, two cupNulfs with op(>i-i;iila, and two tirth of th« 
 pt'i'lMtoiiiu with a st'h'iiitMil and tluvi; cilia, of J/. L'urii/tinn, Siilllv. 
 
 Leskea. — Plant, cap.siiltt with calyptra and op«>irnluin, optTtMihun, five 
 vntlrt! tooth of the porl.Htonu; with tht> baHcn of tliruc biokon t*nt>s and 
 thrco 80!{nit>nt!4, and a tooth nioro cnlari^i'*! with a Sf;;in('nt and i)ai-t 
 of tho haHllar niuinbranu and part of tiiu unnuhis, of L, ohanirti, 
 llotlw. 
 
 Olasmatodon. — Plimt, capsulo with calyptra an^l opcrcnlnni, two 
 oporcnla. portion of tli« sin;^lo iM-ristonio with part of I ho annuhis, 
 and vortical soc-tion thronijh the poristonio, of (J, jtarenliiH, .Sulllv. 
 
 Oryphsea. — Plant, poricluutlnni on«'loslnj; tlio capsido with Its calyptra 
 and opercuhun, calyptra, capsule with oporculmn partly roniovod, 
 two t«'oth of the poristonio with throt; so;,'inont» and a part of the 
 annnhis. and two sj>oroH, of C. uloimnUn, Bruch »fc .Schiinit. 
 
 Pterygfophyllum (iw Unnkvriu). — Plant, calyptra. capsule with oper- 
 culum, and two teeth of the peristome with two S(!gnients, of 7'. liicctm, 
 Krid. 
 
 Climaoium. — Plant, calyptra, capsule with oporculum, opercuhun, 
 and two teeth and two segments of the peristome, of ('. Amvricununi, 
 lirid. 
 
 Neckera. — Plant, portion of stem with male flower and nerichietitun 
 enclosing the capsule, capsule with calyptra and operculum in con- 
 nection witli tlie vaginule and paraphysos of the poriclnetial brancli, 
 and two teeth of the peristome with three rudimentary segments, of 
 jV. peniKitd, Iledw. 
 
 Auomodon. — Plant, capsule with calyptra and operculum, and two 
 teetli of the peristome with the inner membrane and a part of the 
 annulus, of A. ohtuii{f'olin.H, Bruch & Schlmp. 
 
 Homalia. — Plant, calyptra, capsule with oporculum, and part of the 
 
 f>eristome (on« tooth, two segments, one ciiiuni, and part of the annu- 
 us), of Ifypnam WrightU, Sulllv. (which agrees with llomalia so far 
 as represented). 
 
 Hypnum (lirachythecium). — Plant, calyptra, two capsules with oper- 
 cula, and part of the peristome (one tooth, one segment, and two 
 cilia, with part of the annulus), of //. aalebrosum, Holfm. 
 
 Plate VI. 
 
 Thelia. — Plant, calyptra, capsule with opercidum, and three teeth of 
 the peristome with three segments of the Inner membrane, of T. hir- 
 tella, Sulllv. — [SuUicant.) 
 
 Hypnum (Earhynchium). — Plant, and capsule with operculum, of li. 
 crasainercium, Tayl. 
 
 Hypnum ( Plarfiothecittm). — Plant, and capsule with operculum, of 
 //. denticiUatum, Linn. 
 
 Hypnum {Amhlyategium). — Plant, and capsule with operculum, of H. 
 serpens, Linn. 
 
 Hypnum (Paeudoleakea). — Plant of H. atroxsirena, Dicks. Two seg- 
 ments of the inner peristome with two cilia, of H. catenulaAum, Brid. 
 
 I 
 
420 
 
 EXPLitNATlON OF Tli£ PLATES. 
 
 Pteroffonium. — Plant, capfiiite with calyptra, and two teeth of the 
 ptiriHtoim! wkth tliree H«){nientii, of I', yracilv, Swurtz. 
 
 Hypnum {IthinnhoHteyium). — i'lant and caimuIh, with oi>erculum, of 
 II. tliininHHin, \\[[». 
 
 Hypnum {T/tnldlnm). — Plant, and branch-leaf P'^iargnd, of //. tama- 
 rlHciiinin, Ileilw. 
 
 Hypnum (Thdmnlum). — Plant of //. alopccurum^ Linn. 
 
 Hypnum {llyloromlum), — Plant, and capsule with operculum, of //. 
 nnuarronnm, Linn. 
 
 Hypnum, proper. — Portion of a stem of U. caUlchroum, Drid. 
 
 I 
 
 
GLOSSARY. 
 
 Ahortlce : not fully developed; Iin- 
 lM'rtV(!tly furiiHui. 
 
 Arroriiri>l ; inoj«««'» with tlm fruit 
 tt-niilnul upon the iiiuin Hteiu. 
 
 Aciiniinatv ; tuper-polntcd. 
 
 Acittutc ; Mllffhtly |H>inte(l. 
 
 Atutte ; Hhurply imiiitud, but more 
 or lesH abruptly. 
 
 AilrnUe ; iuin«Ml together; congeul- 
 Itolly adherent. 
 
 Ahii' (cellH); those at the 1 asal 
 angles of a leaf. 
 
 Alatv; winged. 
 
 Amlroi/ynoHH ; with male and fe- 
 mule (lowers in the same cluster 
 of leaves. 
 
 Aiinulna ; the ring of cells 'tween 
 the base of tho iM'ristoiiHt or ori- 
 fice of the capsule unti the oper- 
 culum. 
 
 Anther idimii, (plural) Antherldia ; 
 clavate oblong vesicles, analogous 
 to theantheiaof flowering plants. 
 
 Aincul; at or belonging to the aiH'X. 
 
 Ainciiiute ; with an abrupt siiort 
 acute point. 
 
 Apoithynate ; with an apophysis. 
 
 ApophyHiH ; an enlargement of the 
 pedicel at tiie base of the capsule. 
 
 Appendiculdte (cilia); witli smaM, 
 transverse spurs attached at inter- 
 vals to the margin. 
 
 Arcfieyonium, (i)lural) Archegonia; 
 long-necked vesicles, analogous 
 to tlie pistils of flowering plants. 
 
 A rcuate, or arched; bent like a bow. 
 
 Areol(je ; the spaces enclosed with- 
 in the cells of the leaves. 
 
 Areolation ; arrangement and form 
 of the areoliB. 
 
 AriHtu ; a short bristly awn. 
 
 Aristute ; bearing a short awn. 
 
 Articulate; marked or joined by 
 cross-bars, joints, or articulations. 
 
 Attenuated ; tapering to a slender 
 extremity. 
 
 Avricitlate; furnished with auri- 
 cles or ear-like appendages at the 
 base. 
 
 Aut(PcloH» (infloresoenco); each 
 (lower, mule and female, in a 
 separate involucre or cluster of 
 ieav(!s. 
 
 Ajril ; the iM)int of union of the 
 upiHir shle of a leaf \\U h the stem. 
 
 AxUUiry ; situated in un axil. 
 
 Barren (flower); containing anthe- 
 
 ridiu only. 
 lieuk ; |)rolonged narrow tip of the 
 
 o^>erculum. 
 H{tariuuH ; two-ranked. 
 Jtijld ; two-cleft to about the 
 
 mitldle. 
 llU'urcate ; forking into two 
 
 branches. 
 Uiueiiiinate ; doubly-paired, or four 
 
 together. 
 liipartite ; two-parted. 
 Jiisejruul ; having aiithoridia and 
 
 archegonia in the same involucre. 
 
 iSee Syiiwcioui^, 
 BUtrlutv ; marked with two parallel 
 
 lines or strite. 
 
 Cnlyptra ; the liood or membranous 
 covering of the capsule and oper- 
 culum. 
 
 Cutiipanulate ; bell-shaped. 
 
 Cancellute ; latticed; resembling 
 luttice-work. 
 
 Capitate; having a globose head- 
 like apex. 
 
 Cupitulwn ; a small head; a close, 
 dense t;luster of leaves. 
 
 Caplluliforni ; having the form of 
 a small head. 
 
 Capsule ; the fruit, or case bearing 
 the spores. 
 
 Carinate ; keeled. 
 
 Caulescent ; having a stem. 
 
 Cauline ; growing on or pertaining 
 to the stem. 
 
 Cells, or cellules ; the vesicles com- 
 posing the substance of the leaf 
 or the areolation. 
 
 Cernuous ; :)odding, with the sum- 
 mit somewLxat inclined. 
 
 421 
 
■■'I 
 
 422 
 
 GLOSSARY. 
 
 1 1'' 
 
 ill 
 
 i!i; 
 
 Ceapitoae ; forming matted tufts. 
 Chlorophyll ; the green uiatter in 
 
 tlie cells of leaves. 
 ChlorophyUost ; containing chloro- 
 phyll. 
 Ciliuin, (plural) Cilia; hair-like 
 
 divisions between the segments 
 
 of the inner peristome, or slender 
 
 hairs on tlie horders of the leaves. 
 Circinute ; vo\kA inward from the 
 
 tip into a circle or si>iral. 
 Cirrhotie ; with a very narrow or 
 
 hair-lilce wavy point. 
 Clddocarpi ; mosses liaving the fruit 
 
 ternnnal on short lateral iSranches. 
 Clucate ; club-sliapeil. ' 
 
 Close ; appressed (of leaves). 
 Colluni ; tlie neck or tapering base 
 
 of the capsule. 
 ColnmHla ; the central axis around 
 
 which are placed the spores in 
 
 the capsule. 
 Comal or comose; tufted at the apex. 
 Complanate ; flattened; lying in the 
 
 same plane. 
 Confervoiil ; thi-ead-like, ordiffusely 
 
 tiiamentose, l.ke i Conferva, 
 Confluent; blended together; co- 
 herent. 
 Connate. ; 
 
 from the first, 
 Connlvent ; directed all 
 
 toward a conunon centre. 
 Constricted ; suddenly contracted 
 
 in width, not at the extremity. 
 Contracted; narrowed or short- 
 ened. 
 Convolute ; rolled up lengthwise. 
 Cordate ; lieart-shaped. 
 Coriaceous ; of thick texture, like 
 
 leather. 
 Cortex; the outer integument of 
 
 stems. 
 Cortical ; belonging to the cortex. 
 Costa ; the medial nerve or rib of a 
 
 leaf. 
 Crenate ; having the borders cut 
 
 into small obtuse teeth. 
 Crihrose ; perforated like a sieve, 
 
 with small apertures. 
 Crispate ; curlfad or bent in various 
 
 directions. 
 Cucullate ; hood-shaped, rolled up 
 
 like a cornet of paper; as applied 
 to the calyptra, conical and cleft 
 on one side. 
 Cultri/orm; like the blade of a 
 
 knife. 
 Cuneate ; wedge-shaped, with the 
 
 angle downward. 
 Cupuliform ; shaped like a dome. 
 
 united or grown togetlier 
 
 together 
 
 Cuspidate ; tapering to a stout 
 acute point. 
 
 Deciduous ; falling off easily. 
 
 Decumbent ; reclined on tlie ground, 
 the sunnuit tending to rise. 
 
 Decurrent (leaves); tlie borders 
 prolonged downward upon the 
 stem. 
 
 Dejtexed ; bent downward. 
 
 Dejtuent ; running downward. 
 
 Dehiscent ; opening or splitting 
 open. 
 
 Dendroid ; tree-like in form or ap- 
 pearance. 
 
 Dentate ; toothed. ' 
 
 Denticulate ; with small teeth. 
 
 Deoperculate ; applied to a capsule 
 after its lid lias fallen off. 
 
 Diaphanous ; transparent or trans- 
 lucent. 
 
 Diaphragm; a dividing membrane 
 or partition. 
 
 Dichotomous ; two-forked. 
 
 Dimidiate ; split on one side. 
 
 Dimorphous ; of two forms. 
 
 Dioecious; with the male and female 
 flowers on separate plants. 
 
 Disciform ; sliaped lilce a flat disk. 
 
 Distichous; in two opposite rows; 
 two-ranked. 
 
 Divaricate ; widely spreading and 
 divergent. 
 
 Divided ; cleft to the base. 
 
 Divisural (line); the line down the 
 teeth of the peristome by which 
 they split. 
 
 Dorsal ; placed on the back or 
 outer surface of the leaves. 
 
 Ducts ; narrow linear cells resem- 
 bling vessels, separating tlie cel- 
 lules of the leaves of Sphagnum. 
 
 Ecostate ; without costa. 
 
 Emarginate ; notched at the sum- 
 mit. 
 
 Emergent (capsules); rising slightly 
 above the perichsetlum. 
 
 Epiphragm ; membrane covering 
 the orifice of the capsule. 
 
 Equal (capsule); symmetrical. 
 
 Eradiculose ; without rootlets. 
 
 Erose ; irregularly notclied, as if 
 gnawed. 
 
 Excurrent ; extending beyond the 
 apex of the leaf. 
 
 Exserted ; protruding above. 
 
 Falcate (leaves); scythe-shaped; 
 strongly curved and more or less 
 folded. 
 
I / 
 
 GLOSSARY. 
 
 423 
 
 Fascicle ; a close cluster of leaves 
 
 on a very sliort branch. 
 Faaciculate (branches); clusters of 
 
 short lateral unequal branches. 
 FastUjlate ; having the branches of 
 
 equal height, in close clusters. 
 Fertile (flower); with archegouia, 
 
 or fri' it-bearing. 
 FihrilH, small Hbres or filaments 
 
 lining the utricles of Sphaynum. 
 FHil'onii ; thread-like. 
 Fimbriate ; fringed. 
 Finsile ; easily split or divided. 
 FistuloHe ; hollow and cylindrical. 
 FluifeUiJ'orm ; long, narrow, and 
 
 Hexibie, like the lash of a whip. 
 Flavescent; yellowish or turning 
 
 yellow. 
 FrondiJ'orni ; like the leaves of 
 
 ferns; havi^ng stem and leaves 
 
 fused in one. 
 Frondose ; frond-bearing, or like a 
 
 frond. 
 Fuyacioua ; soon falling away. 
 Fusiform ; spindle-shaped. 
 
 Geminate; twin; in pairs. 
 Gemma, (plural) Gemmiz ; a bud; 
 
 loose granular bodies capable of 
 
 becoming plants. 
 Gemmule ; a small bud. 
 GemmaceouH ; bearing gemmce. 
 Gemmiform ; shaped like a bud. 
 Geniculate ; suddenly bent at an 
 
 angle. 
 Gibbous; more tumid on one side 
 
 than on the other. 
 Glaucous ; covered with a bloom 
 
 or pulverulent. 
 Granulated ; roughish on the sur- 
 face. 
 Granuliferous ; bearing small 
 
 grains. 
 Granulose; resembling small grains. 
 Grecfarioua; growing in clusters, 
 
 but not matted together. 
 Gymnoatome ; with the orifice of the 
 
 capsule naked ; without peristome. 
 
 Hamate ; hooked. 
 
 Hamulose ; bearing or formed into 
 
 small hooks. 
 Hispid; bristly; beset with stiflf 
 
 hairs. 
 Homomallous (leaves); bent or 
 
 curved all to one side. 
 Hyaline ; transparent. 
 Hygroscopic; sensitive to moisture; 
 
 moving when moistened or dried. 
 Hypoqynous ; inserted at the base 
 
 of the pistil. 
 
 Imbricated ; overlapping each other 
 like tiles or shingles on a roof. 
 
 Immanjinnte ; without margin. 
 
 Immersed (capsule); coven-d over 
 and concealed by the leaves of 
 the perichuitium. 
 
 Incumbent; leaning or resting upon. 
 
 Indehiscent ; not splitting open or 
 dehiscent. 
 
 Injlexed ; bent inward. 
 
 Injlorescence ; the arrangement of 
 the flowers. 
 
 Innovation; a young shoot; a suj)- 
 plementary extension <j2 the stem. 
 
 Involucral ; belonging to the invo- 
 lucre. 
 
 Involucre ; a whorl of leaves around 
 a flower. 
 
 Irregular; unsymmetric. 
 
 Julaceous ; resembling a slender 
 glossy worm; ament-like. 
 
 Laciuiie; slender lobes or segments. 
 
 Laciniate ; cut into deep narrow 
 segments or shrt'ds. 
 
 Lacunose ; perforated with holes. 
 
 Lamella ; a small thin plate, or 
 thin narrow projection. 
 
 Lamellate ; consisting of small 
 plates or lanielhc. 
 
 Lamelliform ; like lamelhe. 
 
 Lamina ; the substance of a leaf, 
 excepting the nerve : the terminal 
 part of the leaf in Fissidens. 
 
 Lanceolate ; lance-shaped. 
 
 Latticed; see Cancellate. 
 
 Lid; the cover of the orifice of the 
 capsule; the operculum. 
 
 Ligulate; strap-shajwd. 
 
 Linguiform, or Lingulate; tongue- 
 shaped. 
 
 Lorate; thong-shaped. 
 
 Macrospores; spores of large size, 
 in opposition to microspores, in 
 mosses with two kinds of spores. 
 
 Mamillate; tipped with a small 
 nipple. 
 
 Margin (of a leaf); a border of 
 cells of peculiar shape or color. 
 
 Medullary; pertaining to the pith 
 of stems. 
 
 Microspores; small spores. See 
 Macrospores. 
 
 Microstome ; having a small mouth 
 or orifice. 
 
 Midrib; middle nerve of a leaf. 
 
 Mitriform; mitre-shaped; in the 
 form of a peaked cap; conical, 
 with somewhat narrowed orifice. 
 
'■VK^Tnjr- 
 
 .spiwrT" 
 
 424 
 
 GLOSSARY. 
 
 |ii' 
 
 i'- 
 
 Mi-. 
 
 8iL 
 
 m 
 
 ).;, 
 
 Monaedowt; with male and female 
 flowers on the same ])lant, but 
 not in the same receptacle. 
 
 Mucro; an al)rupt sliort point con- 
 tinuous with tliu costa. 
 
 Mucronate ; tipped witli a nnicro. 
 
 Mucromdate ; witli a very small 
 mucro. 
 
 MuUiJid; many-parted, or many 
 times divided for a portion of tlie 
 length. 
 
 iliiriciite; having the surface 
 rough with shorl hard points. 
 
 Jiluticous; pointless, blunt. 
 
 Neck; see Collion. 
 Nerve; see Midrib. 
 Nodoae, Nudulone; knotty. 
 
 Obconiad; conical inversed. Ob 
 prefixed to words usually signifies 
 inversion. 
 
 Obovide; inverted ovate, the nar- 
 row end at the base. 
 
 Obmlete ; scarcely apparent. 
 
 Operculum; see Lid. 
 
 Ovate; shaped like an egg. 
 
 Panduri/orm ; fiddle-shaped. 
 
 Papillaie, I'a])iU(>i<e; covered with 
 small nipple-shaped protuber- 
 ances (paitiUw). 
 
 Para))h]/llia; small thin leaves or 
 hair-like appendages attached to 
 the stem. 
 
 Paraphijsate ; having paraphyses. 
 
 Paraphi/.'<en; minute jointed fila- 
 ments, accompanying the arche- 
 gonia and anthoridia. 
 
 Parenchymatous ; composed of 
 broad cells applied end to end. 
 
 Para'cious; witli male and female 
 flowers placed close together. 
 
 Patent; spreading open. 
 
 Pectinate; divided or branched 
 like a comb. 
 
 Pedicel; the stalk of the capsule. 
 
 Pedicellate; furnished with a ped- 
 icel. 
 
 Pendulous; somewhat hanging or 
 drooping, more so than cernu- 
 ous. 
 
 Percurrent (costa); extending 
 through the entire length of the 
 leaf. 
 
 Perforate; pierced with holes. 
 
 Perichcetium; the involucre of the 
 female flower; the cluster of 
 leaves at the base of the pedicel or 
 of the capsule, when sessile, and 
 surrounding the vaginule. 
 
 Perigonium; involucral leaves or 
 scales of tlie male flower. 
 
 Peristome; fringe of teeth, etc., at 
 the orifice of the capsule. 
 
 PerttiHient; not easily or soon fall- 
 inc[ away. 
 
 Plane ; flat. 
 
 Pleurocarpi; mosses having axil- 
 lary flowers, and the fruit lateral 
 upon the stems or branches. 
 
 Plicate; folded lengthwise. 
 
 Poljinamous; with barren and fer- 
 tile flowers variously disposed on 
 the same plant. 
 
 Polijphyllous; many-leaved. 
 
 Primordial; earliest formed. 
 
 Processes; principal divisions of 
 the inner peristome; segments. 
 
 i-'roci/»»^cH<; trailing on the ground. 
 
 Prolijerous; bearing young shouts 
 from the head or cluster of 
 flowers. 
 
 Prosencliymatous ; composed of 
 narrow cells whose ends overlap 
 each othei". 
 
 Prothallium; confervoid filaments 
 arising from the gennination of 
 the spore, or in some mosses pre- 
 ceding the formation of buds by 
 rootlets. 
 
 Pseudopodhim; the false pedicel 
 or elongation of the vaginule sup- 
 porting the capsule of ISphaifnum; 
 also applied to the granules of 
 Aulaco)iinium. 
 
 Pulvinute; cushioned or shaped 
 like a pillow. 
 
 Punctate, Punctulate ; marked 
 with small opaque dots. 
 
 Punctiform; dot-like. 
 
 PyriJ'orm; pear-shaped. 
 
 Quadrate; square. 
 
 Jiadicles; small rooting filaments, 
 
 ends of the roots or rootlets. 
 Radiculose ; covered with radicles 
 Ramose; branching. 
 liamulose; bearing branchlets. 
 Receptacle; the axis or support o< 
 
 a flower. 
 Reflexed ; abruptly bent back. 
 Repand; wavy-margined. 
 Reticulate; with veins forming f 
 
 net-work; mesh-like. 
 Retuse; with the apex not only ob ■ 
 
 tuse but somewhat indented, 
 Rhizoma; creeping subterraneai' 
 
 stem. 
 Rostellate; having a short beak. 
 Rostrate; with a beak. 
 
GLOSSARY. 
 
 425 
 
 Roatilnte (leaves); in a cluster regu- 
 larly arranged like a rosette. 
 liuijone; wrinkled. 
 
 Scabrous; rough. 
 
 ScitrloHM, or Scariose ; thin, dry 
 and ineinl)ranous. 
 
 Seciind; one-sided; turned to one 
 side. 
 
 Si'ijments; divisions or teeth of the 
 inner peristome. 
 
 Semltevete; liaif-cylindrical. 
 
 Serrate; having teeth pointing up- 
 ward. 
 
 Serrulate; same as the last, but 
 with small teeth. 
 
 Seta; a bristle; name sometisncs 
 applied to tlie pedioel. 
 
 Setaceous; bristle-like. 
 
 Sheath, Shealhlivj; the base of a 
 leaf wrapped around the stem 
 like a sheath. 
 
 Spatulate; sliaped like a spatula, 
 narrowly anil obtusely obovate 
 and attenuate downward. 
 
 SpermatozoUU; active organized 
 bodies in tlie anthcridia, analo- 
 gous to the pollen of flowering 
 plants. 
 
 Spinulose; thorny ; beset with 
 small spines. 
 
 SporaiLrfiuni; the spore-case lining 
 the cavity of the capsule; c'"» ju 
 applied to the whole capsule. 
 
 Spores; the small round bodies con- 
 tained in the capsule, taking the 
 place of seeds. 
 
 Squaini/orin; shaped like a scale. 
 
 Squarrose; spreading open widely 
 and abruptly from the axis. 
 
 Squarrulose; sliglitly squarrose. 
 
 Stegocarpous; having tlie capsule 
 operculate. 
 
 Stipitate; having a stipe or foot- 
 stalk. 
 
 Stipules; appendages at the base of 
 the leaves. 
 
 Stoma, (plural) Stomnta; breath- 
 ing pores, especially seen upon 
 the capsules. 
 
 Stomatose; bearing stomata. 
 
 Striate; marked with fine parallel 
 lines or furrows. 
 
 Striolate; diminutive of striate, 
 having very fine striae. 
 
 Strumose; with a struma or goitre- 
 like unsymmetrical swelling at 
 the base of the capside. 
 
 Sub-; a prefix signifying in a slight 
 degree or somewhat. 
 
 Subulate; awl-shaped. 
 
 Sulcate; longitudinally grooved. 
 
 Survulua; a leafy upright shoot 
 from the rhizoma. 
 
 Synwcious; having antherldia and 
 archegonia in the 8am« recep- 
 tacle. 
 
 Terete; cylindrical, sometimes ta- 
 pering. 
 
 Texsellatr; checkered in little 
 squares. 
 
 Thallus; confervoid filaments in the 
 early stage of the growth of a 
 moss. .See Prothalliuin. 
 
 Tomentose; covered with down or 
 soft matted hairs. 
 
 Turulose; knobby, where a cylin- 
 drical body is swollen at inter- 
 vals. 
 
 Trabeculate (teeth); with horizon- 
 tal prominent crossbars on the 
 inner face. 
 
 Truncate; ending abruptly, as 
 though cut traTisversely. 
 
 Tubercle; a small excrescence. 
 
 Tubulose; tubular. 
 
 Tumid; swollen. 
 
 Tumescent; slightly swollen. 
 
 Turbinate; shaped like a top. 
 
 Tympaniforin ; drum-like, applied 
 to a membrane stretched over the 
 orifice of the capsule. 
 
 Umbonafe; bossed ; with a central 
 
 projection like the boss of a 
 
 shield. 
 Uncinate; hook-shaped. 
 Unequal ; not synunetrical. 
 Unilateral; one-sided. 
 Urceolate; contracted at the orifice; 
 
 shaped like a pitcher. 
 Utricles; the large colored hyaline 
 
 cells of the leaves of Sjihaynum. 
 
 Varjinate; sheathed ; surrounded 
 by a sheath (varilna). 
 
 Vaginide; the cellular sheath sur- 
 roimding the base of the pedicel, 
 originally the lower part of the 
 archegonium. 
 
 Vaguely ; without definite order 
 or direction. 
 
 Vermicular; worm-shaped; thick- 
 cylindric and curved. 
 
 Verrucose, Verruculose; beset with 
 small projections like warts. 
 
 Verticil; a whorl. 
 
 Verticillo'e; whorled. 
 
 Vesiculost , or Vesicular ; bladdery ; 
 formed of vesicles or small air- 
 cavities. 
 
 I 
 
426 
 
 GLOSSARY. 
 
 Venaels; ducts. 
 
 Villous; covered with soft long 
 
 hairs. 
 Vireacent; greenish; turning to 
 
 green. 
 
 Wavy; with the surface alternately 
 convex and concave. 
 
 Winy; membranous expansion or 
 basilar border of the leaf pro- 
 longed on the stem. 
 
 K'i' 1 
 
or 
 
 0- 
 
 I K D E X. 
 
 Acaulon CarnioUcum, Muell., 42. 
 
 Flverkeanum, Muell., 45. 
 
 muUcnm, Muell., 40. 
 
 rnJ'eacenH, Jaeger, 41. 
 
 SchimjK'rianuin, Sulliv., 41. 
 
 triquetrum, Muell., 41. 
 
 triquetrum, van, 41. 
 ACHOCAKPI, 30. 
 
 AcrocUulium ciispidatum, Lindb., 
 
 404. 
 Alsla, Sulliv., 21^. 
 
 abletina, Sulliv., 280. 
 Californlca, Sulliv., 280. 
 longipes, Sulliv. & Lesq., 280. 
 Amblyodon, Beauv., 211. 
 
 dealbatus, Beauv., 211. 
 Amblystegium, 371. 
 Amblysterfiuiii, Schimp., 371. 
 badiiim, Lindb., 406. 
 confervoides, Bruch & Sclilmp., 
 
 373, 
 cord{foUum, DeNot., 403. 
 eugyriuin, Lindb., 401. 
 exanmtlatum, DeNot., 384. 
 JiUcinum, L.adb., 386. 
 fluitans, DeXot., 383. 
 fiiiviatile, Bruch & Schimp., 
 
 374, 375. 
 fHyanteum, DeXot., 403. 
 Knelffiiy Bruch & Schimp., 380. 
 lycopodioides, DeNot., 385. 
 ochruceuin, Lindb., 402. 
 palustre, Lindb., 399. 
 polyr/amum, Bruch & Schimp., 
 
 379. 
 radicale, Bruch & Schimp., 
 
 373. 
 repens, var., 373. 
 revoloen8, DeNot., .384. 
 Richard8oni, Lindb., 404. 
 ripariuin, Bruch & Schimp., 
 
 377. 
 aarmentosum, DeNot., 403. 
 scorpioides, Lindb., 407. 
 Sendtneri, Lindb., 382. 
 serpe)iii, Bmch & Scliimp., 373. 
 aerratum, Bruch & Schimp., 
 
 376. 
 Sprucei, Bruch & Schimp., 372. 
 
 Amblystegium stramineumf De- 
 Not., 405. 
 
 sxibtile, Bruch & Schimp., 372. 
 
 trif'ariuiii, DeNot.. 405. 
 
 vucillans, Sulliv., 377. 
 
 vernicoHuin, Lindb., 385. 
 
 Wilsoni, Lindb., 382. 
 Amphoridiuni, Scliiinp., 158. 
 
 csespitosum, Losq. & James, 
 160. 
 
 Californicum, Lesq. & James, 
 159. 
 
 Lapponlcum, Schimp., 158, 416. 
 
 Mougeotii, Schimp., 159. 
 
 Peckii, Sulliv., 413. 
 
 Sullivantil, Lesq. & James, 159. 
 Anacalypta latifolia, Fuern., 103. 
 
 Starkeana, Fuern., 103. 
 Anacamptodon, Brid., 296. 
 
 splaclinoides, Brid., 296, 418. 
 Andreaia, Khrh., 25. 
 
 crassinervia, Bruch, 26. 
 
 petrophila, Khrh., 25. 
 
 Rothii, Web. & Molir, 2.5. 
 
 rupestris. Turn., 25, 415. 
 
 rupestrin, Iledw., 25. 
 Andke^ace^, 25. 
 Angstroemia, Bruch & Schimp., 63. 
 
 longipes, Bruch & Schimp., 63. 
 
 pellucida, Muell., 62. 
 
 Wahlenbenjii, Muell., 61. 
 Anisodon acutirostris, Schimp., 
 
 297. 
 Anisothecium crispitm, Lindb., 65. 
 
 Grevillei, Lindb., 64. 
 
 rubrum, Lindb., 66. 
 
 rufescens, Lindb., 66. 
 
 Hqunrroauin, Lindb., 65. 
 
 varium, Mitt., 66. 
 Anodus, Bruch & Schimp., 96. 
 
 Donianus, Bruch & Schimp., 
 96. 
 Ancpctanglum, Schwaegr., 54. 
 
 Peckii, Sulliv., 55, 413. 
 Anomodon, Hook. & Tayl., 804. 
 
 apiculatus, Bruch & Schimp., 
 306. 
 
 attenuatus, Hueben., 305. 
 
 Calif ornicus, Lesq., 306. 
 
 427 
 
428 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 r 
 
 ; 
 
 Anoinodon minor, Fuern., 305. 
 
 obtusifuilus, liruch & iSchlinp., 
 305, 410. 
 
 rostratus, Schlinp., 305. 
 
 ToccoHJ, Sulliv. & Lesq., 300. 
 
 trislis, Sulliv., 303. 
 
 vltlculo3U8, Hook. & Tayl., 306. 
 Antltrichia, Urid., 200. 
 
 C;alifonilca, Sulliv., 201. 
 
 cuitipentlula, IJriil., 201, 418. 
 
 curtiiteadaUi, SiiUiv., 201. 
 Aphanorliegma, Sulliv., 100. 
 
 seiratuin, Snlliv,, 30, 100, 418. 
 Archidium, UrUi., 40. 
 
 Doiini'lUi, Aust., 50. 
 
 liallii, Aust., 51. 
 
 LcHcurli, Aust., 44. 
 
 lon^ifoUutn, Les(i. <& James, 
 50. 
 
 Ohioense, Scliimp., 50, 415. 
 
 phaHcoidcH, Dniiuin., 50. 
 
 pliattcuidcs, Siilliv., 50. 
 
 liavenelii, Aust., 50. 
 
 tenerrimuiu. Milt., 50. 
 Arctoafuhella, liruch & bchimp., 
 Astoinuin, Haiiipe, 51. [08. 
 
 crispuin, Iluuipe, 51. 
 
 Ludovicianuin, SuUiv., 52. 
 
 nitidulum, Scliimp., .52. 
 
 Suilivantii, Scliimp., 52. 
 Aslrophylbim, Neck., 242. 
 Atriclium, Beauv., 255. 
 
 angustatum, liruch & Schimp., 
 250, 417. 
 
 crlspum, .James, 257. 
 
 Lescurii, James, 257. 
 
 parallelum, Mitt., 258. 
 
 Selwyiii, Aust., 256. 
 
 undulatum, Beauv., 256. 
 
 xauthopelma, Lesq. & James, 
 257. 
 
 AULACOMXIK.E, 251. 
 
 Aulacomiiium, Schwaegr., 252. 
 androgynum, Schwaegr., 252. 
 heterosticliiim, liruch <& 
 
 Schimp., 253, 417. 
 paiustre, Scliwaegr., 2.52. 
 papillosum, Lesq. «& James, 
 
 253. 
 turgidum, Schwaegr., 253. 
 
 Barbula, Hedw., 115. 
 agraria, Iledw., 128. 
 ambigua, Bruch & Schimp., 
 
 110. 
 amplexa, Lesq., 118. 
 anomala, Brucli and Schimp., 
 
 110. 
 artocarpa, Lesq., 126. 
 atrovirens, Schimp., 113. 
 Beecheyi, Lesq., 125. 
 
 Barbula Bolanderi, Lesq., 118. 
 brachypliylia, Sulliv., 123. 
 bracht/phi/lla, Sulliv. & Lesq., 
 
 123. 
 brevipes, Lesq., 110. 
 brevirostris, Bruch & Schimp., 
 
 115. 
 cajspitosa, Schwaegr., 120. 
 cancullata, Muell., 122. 
 cliloronotos, Brucli, 116. 
 cit'rhuta, Brid., 120. 
 Closteri, Aust., 127. 
 convoluta, lledw., 127. 
 Oruegeri, Sonder, 122. 
 cuueifolia, Brid., 117. 
 cyliiidrica, Schimp., 125. 
 Douuellii, Lesq. & James, 128. 
 elata, Dur. & Mont., 125. 
 fallax, Hedw., 121. 
 falltix, Sulliv., 121. 
 fallax, var., 122. 
 flexifolia, Ilampe, 124. 
 fragilis, Bruch & Schimp., 129. 
 gracilis, Scliwaegr., 127. 
 Guepini, Schimp., 114. 
 hnniiliM, Hedw., 120. 
 inermis, Muell., 131. 
 intermedia, Brid., 13.3. 
 Jooriana, Muell., 120. 
 IsBvipila, Bruch «& Schimp., 132. 
 latifolia, Brucli & Schimp., 132. 
 marginata, Bruch & Schimp., 
 
 118. 
 
 lembranifolia, Scliidtz, 116. 
 nucronifolia, Bruch & 
 
 Schimp., 131. 
 Muelleri Bruch & Schimp., 
 
 133. 
 mural is, Timm, 119. 
 obtusifolia, Schwaegr., 114. 
 papillosa, Muell., 133. 
 purpurea, Muell., 123. 
 Kaui, Aust., 128. 
 liavenelii, Aust., 121. 
 recurvifolia, Schimp., 122. 
 rigida, Schultz, 116. 
 rig Ida, Hedw., 116. 
 rigidula, Schimp., 123. 
 rubiginosa. Mitt., 126. 
 ruraiis, Hedw., 132. 
 semitorta, Sulliv., 126. 
 squarrosa, Brid., 130. 
 subfallax. Muell., 121. 
 subulata, Beauv., 130. 
 subidata, var., 1.31. 
 tortuosa, Web. & Mohr, 129. 
 unguiculata, Hedw., 120, 415. 
 Vahliana, Schultz, 117. 
 vinealis, Braun, 124. 
 vinealis, var., 125. 
 virescens, Lesq., 124. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 429 
 
 8. 
 
 9. 
 
 2. 
 
 2. 
 
 Bartramia, Hedw., 203. 
 
 calcarea, Uruch & Schimp., 
 
 210. 
 conontomUf Bruch & Schiinp., 
 
 207. 
 criupa, Swartz, 200. 
 fontnnn, Swartz, 209. 
 gracilis, Floerkn, 200. 
 lialleriana, lledw., 200. 
 Ithyphylla, lirid., 205. ' 
 Marchica, Sulliv., 208. 
 Menziesii, Turn., 204. 
 Mohriaiia, Muell., 210. 
 Mnhlenberyii, Schwaegr., 208. 
 (Ederi, Schwaegr., 200. 
 (Ederiana, Swartz, 205. 
 potniformis, Iledw., 200, 417. 
 radicalis, Ucauv., 200. 
 stricta, Brid., 205. 
 subulata, Bruch & Schimp., 
 
 204. 
 tenella, Muell., 208. 
 Wilsonl, Muell., 207. 
 BARTRAMIEvE, 203. 
 Blindia, Bruch & Schimp., 08. 
 
 acuta, Bruch & Schimp., 08. 
 Brachydontium trichodes, Fuern., 
 
 90. 
 Brachyodus, Fuern., 08. 
 flexisetus, Hampe, 09. 
 trichodes, Fuern., 99. 
 Brachytheciuin, 334. 
 BracltijtheciuiHy Schimp., 335. 
 acvtum, Sulliv., .3JJ7. 
 albicans, Bruch & Schimp., 
 
 338. 
 campestre, Bruch & Schimp., 
 
 344. 
 collinum, Bruch & Schimp., 
 
 339. 
 Hillebrandi, Sulliv., .340. 
 IcBtum, Bruch & Schimp., 3.3.5. 
 pliimosum, Bruch & Schimp., 
 
 340. 
 plumoimm, var., 34.5. 
 populeum, Bruch & Schimp., 
 
 345. 
 reflexum, Bruch & Schimp., 
 
 342. 
 rivulare, Bruch & Schimp., 
 
 345. 
 rutabulum, Bruch & Schimp., 
 
 343. 
 salebrosum, Bruch & Schimp., 
 
 330. 
 splendens, Aust., 338. 
 Starkii, Bruch & Schimp., 342. 
 Sullivantii, Bruch & Schimp., 
 
 335. 
 Thedenii, Bruch & Schimp., 
 
 338. 
 
 Brachythecium Utahense, James, 
 3:19. 
 
 velittiuHin, Bruch «& Schimp., 
 340. 
 Braunia, Bruch & Schimp., 152. 
 
 Californica, Le!i<|., 153. 
 Bruchia. Sehwaegr., 45. 
 
 Beyrichiana, Muull., 47. 
 
 Bolanderi, LeM(|., 40. 
 
 brevicoliis, Lesq. & James, 47. 
 
 brevifolia, Sulliv., 48, 415. 
 
 brevij)e8. Hook., 48. 
 
 Varolime, Aust., 49. 
 
 curviseta, Les(|. & James, 47. 
 
 Donnellii, Aust., 48. 
 
 tl«;xuosa, Muoll., 40. 
 
 flexifosu, Sulliv., 40. 
 
 fiexHOsa, var., 40. 
 
 Hallii, Aust., 47. 
 
 Hanipeana, Muell., 49. 
 
 microctd'pa, Wils., 40. 
 
 ni(/ric<nis, Aust., 4(5. 
 
 palustris, Muell., 45. 
 
 Ravenelii, Wils., 49. 
 
 Sullivantii, Aust., 40. 
 
 Texana, Aust., 48. 
 
 Votjesiacn, var., 47, 49, 
 Bryace.e, 20. 
 Bhye.*:, 214. 
 Bryoziphinm Norvegicum, Mitt., 
 
 95. 
 Bryum, Dill., 22.3. 
 
 aciculnre, Linn., 148. 
 
 acninlnatniu, Bruch & Schimp., 
 210. 
 
 agrarium, Swartz, 128. 
 
 alpinum, Linn.. 233. 
 
 aunotinum, Hedw., 219. 
 
 apoc.arpum, Linn., 136. 
 
 arcticuin, Bruch <& Schimp., 
 224. 
 
 argenteum, Linn., 2M. 
 
 atropurpureum, \Vahl., 232. 
 
 Atwateriae, Muell., 234. 
 
 Biddiecomiie, Aust., 226. 
 
 Bif/eloi'ii, Sulliv., 223. 
 
 Bi Harder i, Bruch & Schimp., 
 230. 
 
 biinum, Schreb., 220, 418. 
 
 Bolanderi, Lesq., 220. 
 
 Brownii, Bruch <& Schimp., 
 224. 
 
 ciespiticium, Linn., 235. 
 
 calcareum, Dicks., 07. 
 
 Californicum, Sulliv., 287. 
 
 calophyllum, R. Brown, 227. 
 
 Canarienne, Brid., 230. 
 
 capillare, Linn., 235. 
 
 carneum, Linn., 221, 
 
 cernuum, Bruch & Schimp., 
 225. 
 
•ICO 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 II 
 
 'ii 
 
 
 J.' 
 
 5 (" 
 
 i^ 
 
 ! 1 
 
 Jiri/iim clUntiim, Dicks., 152. 
 
 cii'i'liiitiiin, lloppu & llornsch., 
 
 228, 
 comiiiiitnttim, Watson, 221. 
 cunciiinutiiin, hpruce, 240. 
 corunatuin, .Scliwaegr., 232. 
 o'udiim, ^Sch^eb., 211). 
 ciiculltUain, Sohwaegr., 218. 
 cHiie{f'oliiiin, Dicks., 117. 
 cyc'lopliylluiii, liruch & 
 
 Scliini])., 237. 
 dealbatuiii, Dicks., 211. 
 deinlHHum, Hook., 241. 
 JJi'umiuondii, Mueil., 220. 
 Duvallll, Voit, 238. 
 clouffatumy Dicks., 217. 
 eri/t/ii'ovarpun, Diid., 232. 
 e.-ytlirocarpuni, Schwaegr., 
 
 232. 
 flexuosiim, Aust., 227. 
 glancHin, Linn., UO. 
 ill linatum, Druch <& Schinip., 
 
 intermedium, Brid., 228. 
 Jul<iceuin, Scln-ad., 236. 
 lacustre, Brid., 220. 
 Innatum, lirid., 235. 
 latifoliuin, Bi'ucli & Schlrnp., 
 
 227. 
 Lesciiriannmy Sulliv., 221. 
 loncliocaulon, Muell., 22U. 
 lon(/icolluiii, Swartz, 217. 
 Ludwhjii, Bruch & Scliimp., 
 
 221. 
 Macounii, Aust., 23-1. 
 Menziesii, Hook., 240. 
 miniatum, Lesq., 233. 
 montanuin^ Lam., 9.3. 
 Mnhlenbeckii, Bruch & 
 
 Schimp., 233. 
 murale, Linn., 110. 
 nudicmile, Lesq., 220. 
 nudunif Dicks., 188. 
 nutam, Schreb., 218, 220. 
 obconicum, Hornsch., 236. 
 occidentale, Sulliv., 23H. 
 oecidentale^ Sulliv. & Lesq., 
 
 236. 
 Oreganum, Stilllv., 230. 
 pallens, Swartz, 2.37. 
 pallescens, Schleich., 231. 
 pallescens, var., 231. 
 patensy Dicks., 147. 
 pendiUum, Schimp., 225. 
 piiiferum, Dicks., 104. 
 polymorphum, Bruch & 
 
 Schimp., 216. 
 pomiforme, Linn., 206. 
 provinciale, Philib., 230. 
 pseudotriquetrum, Schwaegr., 
 
 238. 
 
 Bryum pulchelhim, Iledw., 222. 
 
 pulchelliim, Sulliv., 221. 
 
 purpui'cum, Bruch & Schimp.. 
 224. 
 
 pyrij'orme, Hedw., 216. 
 
 Rani, Aust., 2.33. 
 
 roseum, Sclireb., 239. 
 
 roHtrdtuiii, Sclirad., 244. 
 
 ruhelluin, HotTm., 104. 
 
 rttrule, Linn., l.'{2. 
 
 muKjuituuui, Brid., 2.32. 
 
 IScfnnijieri, Muell., 210. 
 
 SefuHli, Oeder, 60. 
 
 Schleicherl, Schwaegr., 289. 
 
 svopariuiu, Linn., 74. 
 
 serrahun, Schrad., 245. 
 
 sphtujnicoUt, Brucli & Schimp., 
 21U. 
 
 8pino8inny "Volt, 247. 
 
 aqmirroHinn, Hedw., 214. 
 
 subrotunduni. Brid., 231. 
 
 aitii'ilatinn, Linn., 131. 
 
 ietrayouiiitii, Dicks., 207. 
 
 forquescens, Bruch & Schimp., 
 230. 
 
 tortuosum, Linn., 129. 
 
 Tozeri, Grev., 222. 
 
 truucutiilum, Linn., 101. 
 
 turblnatum, Schwaegr., 238. 
 
 ttirbinntmii, var., 23U. 
 
 uliginosuni, Bruch & Schimp., 
 227. 
 
 vndulattnn, Linn., 256. 
 
 nnguicnlatum, Dill., 120. 
 
 versicolor, A. Braun, 233. 
 
 Wahlenberyii, Schwaegr., 223. 
 
 Warneum, Bland., 226. 
 
 Zierii, Dicks., 241. 
 Buxbaumia, Hall., 267. 
 
 aphylla, Linn., 268, 417. 
 
 follosa, Web., 267. 
 
 BUXUAUMIEiE, 266. 
 
 Calliergon, 402. 
 Calymperes, Swartz, 184. 
 
 crispum, Aust., 184. 
 
 dlsciforme, Muell., 184. 
 
 Donnellii, Aust., 184. 
 
 Kichardi, Muell., 184. 
 Camptothecium, 331. 
 Cainptothecium, Schimp., 831. 
 
 lutescensyBrttch & S«jhlnip.,S31. 
 
 megaptilum, Sulliv., 334. 
 
 nitensy Schimp., 8.34. 
 
 Niittallii, Bruch & Schimp., 
 834. 
 Campylium, 377. 
 Campylium, Mitt., .377. 
 
 hispidulum, Mitt., 378. 
 Campylo lontium hypnoidea, 
 Schwaegr., 296. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 481 
 
 Canipylodryptodon, 147. 
 Campy lupus, Uiid., 77. 
 
 aii^uHtir«!iis, Lt>s(|. & James, 80. 
 
 cin-h<itun, lluriisch., (K). 
 
 Doniiullii, L(;8<(. & Jiunes, 7U. 
 
 flexuusus, Urid., 78, 41U. 
 
 fri^idua, Lest]., 70. 
 
 gmcilicaulis, Mitt., 80. 
 
 Ilallii, L(!8q., 71). 
 
 introduxus, iirid., 78. 
 
 Lcunus, Sulliv., 78. 
 
 leiuiotriclniM, huUlv. & Lesq., 
 78. 
 
 liauei, Aust,, 7J). 
 
 aaxicolu, Hrid., W. 
 
 a/iuwii, Wlls., 71. 
 
 siiblcucogiistur, Lcsq. & James, 
 71). 
 
 Tallulensis, Sulliv. & Lesq., 78. 
 
 Virgin if us, Lesq. & James, 8U. 
 
 viridiH, Sulliv. «& Les(|., (M). 
 Campylosteleum, Urueh& Sehimp., 
 1)1). 
 
 saxicola, Hruch & Sehimp., OU. 
 Catharinea, Elirli., 2'>(J. 
 
 anyitatatu, lirid., 2.*>0. 
 
 Cullihryon, Ehrh., 250. 
 
 criapa, James, 258. 
 
 xanthopclina, Muell., 257. 
 Catoscopium, Urid., 211. 
 
 nigritum, Ikid., 211. 
 Ceratodon, Brid., 1)2. 
 
 cyllndricus, Uruch & Sehimp., 
 93. 
 
 minor, Aust., 02. 
 
 purpureus, Brid., 02, 41.5. 
 Ceravodontk^, 91. 
 (Jhryaobryum micana, Lindb., 350. 
 Cinclidium, Swartz, 249. 
 
 stygium, Swartz, 250. 
 
 subrotundum, Lindb., 250. 
 Cinclldotus, Beauv., 134. 
 
 fontinaloides, Beauv., 134. 
 Cladodium, 224. 
 Claopodium, 327. 
 Clasmatodon, Hook. & Wlls., 297. 
 
 parvulus, Sulliv.. 207, 410. 
 
 perpusHliiH, Lindb., 297. 
 
 jmaillus. Hook. & Wils., 297. 
 
 CLEI8TOCAKPI, 30. 
 
 Climacium, Web. & Mohr, 313. 
 
 Americanum, Brid., 314, 419. 
 
 dendroides, Web. & Mohr, 314. 
 
 Kuthenicum, Lindb., 314. 
 Conomitrium, Mont., 80. 
 
 Hallianum, Sulliv. & Lesq., 90. 
 
 Julianum. Mont., 80, 416. 
 
 osiunndoidea, Muell., 87. 
 Conostomum, Swartz, 207. 
 
 boreale, Swartz, 207, 417. 
 Coscinodon, Spreng., 154. 
 
 Coaciiindnn rrihroaua, Spruce, 155. 
 nulvluiitUM, Spn'iig., 154. 
 haul, Les(|. & Jainos, I.Vi. 
 Wrightii, Sulliv., LV), 418. 
 Cratoneurum, ;{80. 
 Crypluea, Molir, 275. 
 
 JIlifontiiH, Sidllv., 270. 
 glumerata, Brucli «& Sehimp., 
 
 270, 419. 
 iniuidata, Nees, 413. 
 nervosa, Itruch t!i£ S<'himp., 277. 
 pundida, Les(|. ik James., 270, 
 kavenelli, Aust., 277. 
 Ctenidium, 389. 
 Cteuidiiini, Mitt., 380. 
 
 nioUiiHcmn, Mitt., 390. 
 Ctenitun, 389. 
 
 Cylindrutheeium, Bruch «& Sehimp., 
 310. 
 brevisetum, Bruch «fe Sehimp., 
 
 311. 
 cladorrhlzans, Sehimp., 311, 
 
 410. 
 compressum, Bruch «& Sehimp., 
 
 312. 
 concinnum, Srhlmp., 81.3. 
 Drummundii,Bruch«& Sehimp., 
 
 312. 
 Floridaniun, Duby, 312. 
 gracUf'HccnH, Sehimp., 31.3. 
 M())it(tynei, Bruch & Sehimp., 
 
 313. 
 Mulilenhenjii, Bnich & 
 
 Sehimp., 311. 
 Schlcicherif Bruch & Sehimp., 
 
 311. 
 seductrix, Sulliv., 311. 
 Sullivantii, Sulliv., 31.3. 
 Cynodontium, Sehimp., .50. 
 Cnnnd< iiac, Mitt., 62. 
 ftexicrnde, Schwaegr., 107. 
 gracileseens, Sehimp., CO. 
 polycarpimi, Sehimp., 60. 
 Schisti, Sehimp., .59. 
 virens, Sehimp., 01. 
 Cynontodium capillaceum, Hedw., 
 04. 
 
 Daltonia diatirhn, Arnott, 281. 
 heteromalla, Hook. & Wils., 
 
 276. 
 nervosa, Hook. & Wils., 276. 
 Desmatodon, Brid., 110. 
 
 arenaceus, Sulliv. & Lesq., 111. 
 cernuus, Bruch «& Sehimp., 114. 
 flavicana, Bruch & Sehimp.^ 
 
 114. 
 Garberi, Lesq. & James, 112. 
 Guepini, Bruch & Sehimp., 
 
 114. 
 latifolius, Brid., 111. 
 
432 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 . I 
 
 i ' ' 
 
 DesiDAtodon Lnureri, Bruch & 
 Scliimp., ll^. 
 
 Nuu-MexicaiiUH, Sulllv. «& 
 L('s(|., 11.'). 
 
 nervoHus, liriich & Schimp., 
 li:]. 
 
 obllqiius, Hriicli i^ Soil imp., 11 •'3. 
 
 obtitsifolliiH, 8(!liliiip., U-4. 
 
 Ofiioi'tmiH, Schiiup., 112. 
 
 plintliubius, Siilliv. <& Lesq., 
 112, 41((. 
 
 Porteri, JiunnH, 112. 
 
 Systillus, liruch & Schimp., 
 111. 
 Dlchelyiua, Myrin, 272. 
 
 cui>llluc«inn, Urucli & Schimp., 
 27:1, 418. 
 
 eanillaceum, Myiin, 274. 
 
 cyllndricarpuin, Aust., 274. 
 
 fulcatum, Mvriii, 27:S. 
 
 pall(!.sceiis, Uruch «& Schimp., 
 274. 
 
 siibulatum, Mvrin, 274. 
 
 SwarUil, Lin<i:>., 27.*). 
 
 iincinutum, Mi.t., 273. 
 Dichoduntiiim, Schlinp., 01. 
 
 Canadense, Les<|. tV: James, 62. 
 
 pellucidum, Schimp., U2. 
 Dicranella, Schimp., ()4. 
 
 cerviculata, Schimp., 05. 
 
 crispa, Schimp., 04. 
 
 curvata, Schimp., 07. 
 
 debilis, Lesq. & James, 66. 
 
 Grevilleana, Scliimp., 04. 
 
 heteromalla, Scliimp., 06. 
 
 nifescens, Schimp., 0(J. 
 
 Schreberi, Schimp., 04. 
 
 SchreherU var., 02. 
 
 aecunda, Lindb.,00. 
 
 squarrosa, Schimp., 05. 
 
 subiilata, Schimp., 00. 
 
 varia, Schimp., 05. 
 Dlcranodontium, Bruch & Schimp., 
 77. 
 
 longirostre, Bruch & Schimp., 
 77, 415. 
 
 nithlum, James, 71. 
 Dicranoweisia, Limib., 57. 
 
 cirrhata, Lindb., 57. 
 
 crispula, Lindb., 57. 
 Dicranum, Hedw., 07. 
 
 albicans, Bruch & Schimp., 71. 
 
 alpestre, Wahl., 00. 
 
 ambiyuum, Ile<\w.,QSi. 
 
 angnatiretiH, Aust., 80. 
 
 Blyttli, Bruch & Schimp., 68. 
 
 Boiijeani. DeNot, 75. 
 
 eerviaUatum, Hedw., 65. 
 
 condensatnm, Hedw., 76. 
 
 congestion, Brid., 72. 
 
 contortwn, Wahl., 139. 
 
 Dicranum erUpum, Hedw., 64. 
 ritrratnm, H»lw., 07. 
 diihilv, liuok. & Wils., 66. 
 IhmnclUl, Aust., 7l>. 
 Uruumiondil, Mucll., 70. 
 • ■lungattnn, SfliwacK'*.* 71. 
 filcatum, Iledw., «W. 
 t.iuellani, Ilcilw., 70. 
 Jtixiriiiilr, Brid., 72. 
 frai;ilifulium, liiiuib., 73. 
 fulvcllum, Smitli, m, 415. 
 fulvum. Hook., 70. 
 fusccscons, Tiu-n., 72. 
 ylmirnm, Aust., Ul. 
 yt'acUrtir.eiiH, Web. & Mohr, 60. 
 Grcfillednuin, Bruch & 
 
 Schimp., 04. 
 hi'teromullinn, Hedw., 67. 
 incurvnin, W«'b. & Mohr, 82. 
 interriiidnm, Brid., 70. 
 intrnjlexum, Hmlw., 7H. ' 
 jnlaccum, Hook. & Wils., 63. 
 lutifnliKiii, Hedw., 111. 
 longifolium, Hedw., 70. 
 lonijh'OHtn', Schwaegr., 72. 
 Macounl. Aust., 71. 
 majus, Turn., 74. 
 montunum, Hedw., 60. 
 Muhlenbeckii, Bruch & 
 
 Schimp., 72. 
 pallidum, Muell., 74. 
 pallidumf Bruch & Schimp., 
 
 76. 
 palustre, Lapyl.. 74. 
 pellttcidum, Hedw., 62. 
 polj/carpnm, Ehrh., 60. 
 piirpureuni, Hedw., 1)2. 
 rhabdocarpum, Sulliv., 73. 
 rufencenn, Turn., 0(J. 
 Sfixicoln, Web. & Mohr, 99. 
 8chi8tU Lindb., 09. 
 Scliraderi, Web. & Mohr, 75. 
 Schreberi, SwarU. 05. 
 Sc/ireberiawim, Grev., 64. 
 scoparium, Hedw., 73, 410. 
 spurium, Hedw., 75. 
 aqnarrosinn, Schrad., 05. 
 Starkii, Web. & Mohr, 68. 
 strictum, Schleich., 09. 
 subleucogaater, Muell., 79. 
 subleucogaater, Aust., 80. 
 subulatiun, Hedw., 66. 
 undulatum. Turn., 76. 
 variiim, Hedw., 65. 
 virens, Hedw., 61. 
 Virginicum, Aust., 80. 
 viride, Schimp., 69. 
 Didymodon, Hedw., 104. 
 ccespitoaus, Mitt., 160. 
 cylindricus, Bruch & Schimp., 
 
 105. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 438 
 
 Dldymoilon ryllnihlcu$, Wahl., 03. 
 
 dh'rvHiJ'uliitn, Aust., 101). 
 
 /rauilitt. Hook. * VVIU.. 130. 
 
 hnmoiiKiUim, Um\w,, 107. 
 
 lu:ifollnH, Wahl., 114. 
 
 lonniroatrum, Wub. & Mohr, 
 77. 
 
 luridiiH, llunisch., 104. 
 
 luiH'lluM, lirucli Jii Schiuip., 104, 
 410. 
 Diphysc'iuin, Muhr, 200. 
 
 follosuiu, .Mohr, 1107, 417. 
 
 DiSC'KI.IK.E. 1.S7. 
 Disofliuiii, lii-id., 18H. 
 
 luuluiii. Hrld., 188. 
 Dlssotloii, (iiev. & Aim., 180. 
 
 Fi'd-lichiunus, Gruv. «k Am., 
 
 100. 
 Ilumschuchii, Grev. & Arn., 
 
 180. 
 splaelinuides, Grev. «& Arn., 
 100. 
 Distiolihiiii, liruch«& Sohhiip., 03. 
 cupiMuceuiu, Uruch& ISchimp., 
 
 03, 41(J. 
 inclinatuiu, Bruch & Schiiiip., 
 04. 
 Ditrk'hum tnvitfoliuin, Lindb., 03. 
 iJoi-cddion, Adans., 104. 
 DruiniiiuiKlia, Hook., 100. 
 
 clavi'Uata, Hook., 100, 410. 
 Dryptodon, 148. 
 
 ohtiiHUH, Hrid., 1.30. 
 jHttena, IJrid., 147. 
 
 Elodhim, 320. 
 Encalypta, Schreb., 180. 
 
 ciliata, Iledw., 182. 
 
 coininutata, Nees & Ilornsch., 
 180. 
 
 lacera, DeNot., 181. 
 
 longipes. Mitt., 183. 
 
 Macounii. Aust., 182. 
 
 procera, Brucli, 182. 
 
 rhabdocarpa, Schwaegr., 181, 
 410. 
 
 Sehvynl, Aust., 183. 
 
 streptocarpa, Iledw,, 183. 
 
 vulgaris, Iledw., 181. 
 Entodon conipressus, Muell., 312. 
 Entostliodon, Scliwaegr., 100. 
 
 Bolanderi, Lesq.,100. 
 
 Drummondii, Siilliv., 100,418. 
 
 obtHHifolius, Hook. & Wils., 
 100. 
 
 TempletonI, Schwaegr., 200. 
 Ephemerum, Hampe, 37. 
 
 AuHtini, Suliiv., 37. 
 
 cohaarens, Muell., 30. 
 
 crassinerviuin, Hampe, 38. 
 
 hystrix, Lindb., 38. ^ 
 
 Ephemerum mhiutitalmum, Lindb., 
 38. 
 
 imlllditni, Srhinip., 30. 
 
 pupilloitinn, Au.st., 38. 
 
 s«>rratuni, Hani]i«>, 37. 
 
 muHilv, >IuL'll., 30. 
 
 HpiiiuloHUui, Brucli •& iSfhinip., 
 .38. 
 
 stcnophylhnn, Schlinp., 30. 
 
 Hi/nuiniiii, .lauit'H, 37. 
 
 tciiiriiiii, Hrucli, 37. 
 K>'t')iinili)ii Hidiifhuitidvii, Brid., 00. 
 Kurliynchiuin, .3.'i|. 
 JCurhi/tirhiitiii, Srlilnin., 3.')1, 
 
 ciiljiophi/llKin, .Sulliv., 3.'^ 
 
 & 
 
 dkfi'nifoUuin, Bruch 
 
 Schimp,, 3.V2. 
 iiii/nHHrotdvH, Scliiiup., 34S. 
 pilifiruiii, Brut'ii 6c 8ohiiup., 
 
 3:.3. 
 pralonyum, Bruch & Schimp., 
 
 3r)3. 
 SlokiHii, Bruch «fr Schimp., 3.'»,'). 
 strifjoHum, Bruch & Scliimp,, 
 
 3:.2, 
 Eustichitt, Ilrid.. 04, 
 
 Norvcgica. Brid,, 0.'), 410. 
 Savatcri, Husnut, 05. 
 
 Fabronia, Radtll. 204. 
 
 ('at'ulin'mnii, Sulliv,, 205. 
 
 Doiincllii, Aust., 20.">, 
 
 gynuiostonia, Sulliv, & Lesq., 
 201, 
 
 octohlepharis, Schwaegr,, 205. 
 
 pu><ilia, Baddi, 204, 
 
 Bavcnelii. Sidilv., 205, 418, 
 
 Scliiitux'riniKi, DcN'ot., 204. 
 
 HplncUtKwb-H, Mudl,, 200. 
 
 Wrightii, Sulliv,, 205. 
 Fahkonik.*:, 204. 
 Fissidcns, Hcdw,, 81. 
 
 adiaiitoides, Hcdw,, 88. 
 
 bryoides, Hcdw,, 81, 
 
 }>rifoidfH, Hook, & Wils., 85. 
 
 Closteri, Aust,, 81, 
 
 crassipes, Wils,, 83, 
 
 decipicns, DeNot,, 87. 
 
 Donncllii, Aust., 85. 
 
 exiguus, Sulliv,, 84, 
 
 Floridaniis, Lescj. & James, 83. 
 
 Garberi, Lcsq, & James, 86. 
 
 grand if rons, Brid., 80. 
 
 Hallii, Aust,, 8.5, 
 
 hyalinus, Wils, & Hook,, 84. 
 
 inconstans, Scliimp, 82, 
 
 incurvus, Schwaegr,, 82, 
 
 incnrcus, var., 83, 85. 
 
 limbatus, Sulliv., 82. 
 
 minutulus, Sulliv., 85. 
 
 obtusifolius, Wils., 86, 
 
434 
 
 INDKX. 
 
 K 
 
 Fi8Bi(l<>ns osinuiululdus, Iledw., 
 H7. 
 
 fi()|ypoill<><i«-H. Ilt'tlw., 88. 
 (uvnit'lil, Stilllv., M.j. 
 BUbbiiNilai'iM, llt'dw.. 88. 
 ni/iioiniH, Slilliv., 82. 
 tllxIfollilB, nr.lw.,H7, 410. 
 'IVxaiiiiM, I.fH)|., Ht\. 
 
 Veiltl'lcOHlIN, l.(!!«(|., 84. 
 
 viriihtliiH, viir., M. 
 
 FlHHiDKM'K.K, Ml. 
 Fo.NTINAI-K.K, L'OS. 
 Kuntiiiiili.s, Dill., '2M. 
 
 uiitipyi'fiitM, Linn., 2((8, 418. 
 
 ontiitip'cllrti, var., 2()U. 
 
 blfoniiis, (jiilliv.. 270. 
 
 Cftlif«»rni.'a, Snillv., 200. 
 
 cainllncra, Dicks., 27;{. 
 
 Dali'carllca, Hnidi & .Sclilinp., 
 270. 
 
 dlsticha, H(mk. & Wlls., 272. 
 
 lliNtir.liil, .Silliiv. it L«'sq., 272. 
 
 diHiicliii, var.. 270, 272. 
 
 EtiUmi, Siiiliv., 2<*.0. 
 
 J'lilrdfii, Ilcilw., 27:J. 
 
 tilifoi mis, Snillv. & Lcsq., 271. 
 
 iliu<tiil''ii< Snillv., 200. 
 
 liypnoiiius, Ilartni., 272. 
 
 Julitiiiii, Siivi, 80. 
 
 L«!scnhl, Sniliv., 271. 
 
 Lf'.MCiu'ii, var., 271. 
 
 MerccilidiKi, L(!s(|.. 200. 
 
 !N(>u-Moxicana, Snillv. & Lesq., 
 200. 
 
 Noviu-.\n.s,'Iiio. Snillv., 270. 
 
 atindiiioHtt, Anct., 270. 
 
 Huhiiltita, licanv., 274. 
 
 8nllivantll. Lindb., 271. 
 ForsHti'wiuia nitida, Llndb., 270. 
 
 OkiociisiH, Lindb., 270. 
 
 tric/wniilriit, Lindb., 278. 
 Funaria, Sclircb., 2«K). 
 
 Americana, Lindb., 20L 
 
 attenuatn, Lindb., 200. 
 
 calcarea. Wall I., 201. 
 
 calcarcu, Schinin., 201. 
 
 Californioa, SulUv. & Lesq., 
 201. 
 
 ccdveticenH, SdiAvaegr., 202. 
 
 convolnla, llanipe, 202. 
 
 Druminondi:, Lindb., 109. 
 
 flavlcans, Michx., 202. 
 
 Uibernicd, Hook., 201. 
 
 hygroniclrica, Sibth., 202, 417. 
 
 MedlUMrani'a, Lindb., 201. 
 
 microstoma, Bruch & Scbimp., 
 203. 
 
 Muhlenherffll, ILhIw., 201. 
 
 Muhlenhcrffii, Tnrn., 201. 
 
 Hatenelii, Anst., 203. 
 
 serrata, Brid., 201. 
 
 rinstoroKrimmlft, 1.17. 
 (Jtoruhi, Khrh., IH«J, ^ 
 
 MiiriitnHj/nmn, F^lirh., 187. 
 
 inlliiridit, ItalH'nli., 187. 
 (tlifli/ionir/xi lliiiivri, llainpu, 204. 
 Ulyplioniiirinm, llild., l.Vj. 
 
 ('anad*>ns«>, .Mitt., ir>8. 
 (h'lmmia, Klirli., i:i4. 
 
 arirnldi'in, .Mut'll., 148. 
 
 anitu, Smitli, 1>8. 
 
 A^assi/.ii, L*'S(|. it .lames, 130. 
 
 oljM'stris, Scbii'icb., 140. 
 
 and)i<{na, Sniliv., i:{.'>. 
 
 UnrixtrndrH, .Mont., 141. 
 ainlHtrodiH, L('.«*<|., 141. 
 anodon, Itrnrb it Srhimp., 138. 
 apocarpH, II«>d\v., 130, 417. 
 aiuH-iiriHi, var., 1. '{.'». 
 ati'oi'iffiiH, Sndlli, 113. 
 bruch fimlitH, Ansl., 145. 
 Jirdmhifvi, Anst., 138. 
 Calitornica, Sniliv., 142. 
 oalyplrata, Hook., 144. 
 Coloradcnsis, Anst., 143. 
 comnmtata, Hnci)t>n., 145. 
 oonforta, Finick, 13."). 
 contoria, Brnch it Schiinp., 
 
 130. 
 criliroHft, Hi'dw., 1.*).'). 
 Donniaiui, Smith, 142. 
 Drnininondii, Hook. «t Wils., 
 
 I. -.7. 
 (lenirnliitd, .Sch\vaP!jr., 00. 
 lianndosa, Los(|., 130. 
 Uookvri, Drinnm., l.*>7. 
 inr.nrca, Brncli & Schimp., 
 
 140. 
 Juiitesll, Anst., H.'). 
 Icucoplnua, (Jrnv., 144, 417. 
 marillma, Tnrn,, 137. 
 micnwavpa, Mnull,, 140. 
 montana, Brnch it Schimp., 
 
 145. 
 Mnhlenbeckli, Schimp., 140. 
 JVf'vii, Jklncli., 140. 
 ohtuna, S(!hwaegr., 143. 
 Olneyl, Sniliv., 142. 
 orhhuUdi'is, James, 140. 
 ovata, Wob. & Mohr, 143. 
 pnlena, Bnich it Schimp., 148. 
 Pennsylvanlca, Schwacgr., 144. 
 plagiopoilla, Hedw., 138. 
 platyphylla, Alltt., 130. 
 pulvlnata, Smith, 138. 
 Jinnei, Anst., 15.5. 
 recnrvnta, Hedw., 97. 
 aaxicola, Hook., 90. 
 Sconleri, Mnell., 137. 
 subincurva, Anst., 135. 
 torquata, Grev., 140. 
 torttty Nees & Hornsch., 140. 
 
 Ill ■ i": 
 
8. 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 435 
 
 9., 
 
 OrlintniA trichnpliylln, Orov., 141. 
 uiii(*«)lor, (iriiv., 140. 
 rxf't'd, Mitt., l.V), 
 ^VatMonl, lA'm|. A .Tninus, 14it. 
 Wriiihlil, Aiiul., Ibo. 
 
 rtlllM.MIK.K, i:;^t. 
 
 Gueinlifliii, 14'J. 
 
 ttliHHtrin, llaiiip«>, 140. 
 
 Ciilj/itfnifii, MiU'll., 144. 
 
 ninntiiiin, lliiinp*', 145. 
 
 nntliH, .MiK'll., I4.'i. 
 (iyinunri/lif iniliintriH, Fried, 252. 
 
 tinyiilii, l.liiill)., '2M. 
 GyiiiMDHloiiiiiiii, licdw., .V2. 
 
 aciiiiiitiiitiiiii, Sclilnli'li., 108. 
 
 uriifiilaliiiii, Sniltli., 54. 
 
 liiU'Unla, Scliwiu!j;r., 103. 
 
 ealt'iirciiiii, Nul'h & llurn.soli., 
 
 t'Uiitnui, A list. 54. [511. 
 
 ciirviroslriiiii, Ileilw., TA. 
 
 lUmUtnutn, .Siiiltli, IN). 
 
 Jlclniil, I1«m1\v., I(»2. 
 
 Lai>i>nulr.H))i, Ilp<lw., 150. 
 
 latifnliuiii, Dnuiiiii.. 1U8. 
 
 viinutiilinii, Scliwargr., 101. 
 
 ovdtinii, IIimIw., 101. 
 
 ])oiiiifi't'iiiii, Noes «fe Ilornsch., 
 .')4. 
 
 prorrpcDH, Ifodw., 100. 
 
 jij/t'ij'onin', licdw., 11)7. 
 
 ]{(intiiiiitii, Aiisl., 50. 
 
 nipcstrc, ScliwaPRr., 5.3, 415. 
 
 Htclliiin'iiiii, Sinilli, 54. 
 
 teniu'. Sclirad.. 54. 
 
 tophncvmti, Aust., 53. 
 
 I llnmiiUn IIV/r/AN/. Siilliv.. III. 
 lluiituliitlifciuiii, Itriirlit!^ Sciiiiiip., 
 
 I)!ti'iidi)!Ki>ri<-<>iitii, I.«'«(i. A. 
 
 .Iaiiic>4. :t|o. 
 HiilHaiiillaliiiii, Siililv., :tlO, 418. 
 llookt'iia. lay I., 'J:\^l. 
 
 firitlifniiii, Suiiiv.. '-M»;j. 
 UMoiiiala, .Miii-li., \iW\. 
 (.'nirfaiia, Diilty, l'l*2. 
 hii'viiM, .Smitii."'-M»4. 
 npia<'litii>id«'H, Sddcicli., lUl. 
 ^llllivalltii, .Mut'il, -jua. 
 vaiiaiiH, .Siililv., 21)2. 
 HooKKUIK.K, L'DJ. 
 llyiocoiiiiiiiii, 401*. 
 llj/torniiiiitiii, Sfhiflip.. 401). 
 
 brrrifuHtnttit, HnicliiVr JSohliup., 
 
 401). 
 fliuliriatuin, IJruoli »V Si'hiiup., 
 
 40H. 
 Fh'unnhifiil, .\iiHt., 410. 
 Ion Km, llnirh A' .Scliimp., 410. 
 0«Av'.m//. Schiinp.. 408. 
 ]>arirtin)iiii, I.indlt., 404. 
 jirni fvniiii, liiiiilb., 407. 
 J*!n''H(ii<'itiii, l.iiKJli., 408. 
 ruiioHiini, l)«'\()f., ;{ss. 
 Srhrrhn-i, DcNot., 404. 
 »lilin(lcni<, Hnicli »fe .Schinip., 
 
 407. 
 aqiiiirroaum, Hrurh & Schiinp., 
 
 401). 
 trhiiivtruDi, Urucli & Srlilinp., 
 
 410. 
 
 p. I 
 
 48. 
 44. 
 
 ). 
 
 to)'Hi>ps, IJrld., 11)8. 
 
 tDiihrdfuin, liriich & Sciiiiiip., 
 
 triclioih's, WrI). & Mohr., 09. 
 
 408. 
 
 truucdtitiii, Ilcdw., 101. 
 
 Ifymcnnsfnmum uiicroHtomum, etc.. 
 
 turhiimtiiiii, Mi('l«.\., 108. 
 
 Aust., .'»0. 
 
 vlrhlitlnm, Bruch & Schlmp., 
 
 Ilf/ophila Jtarhnlft, IIaniiM>, 103. 
 
 5;j. 
 
 Hvi'XK.f:, 310. 
 
 Wilsoni, Hook., 102. 
 
 llypiunn, Dili., .".10. 
 
 Oyrowema tenuin, iSchlmp., 54. 
 
 abietiniim, Linn., .']20. 
 
 
 acuminatum, Bcauv., ;W0. 
 
 Ilabrodon, Schimp., 206. 
 
 acuticuspis. Mitt., .".40. 
 
 Notarisii, Srliiiup., 207. 
 
 acutum. Mitt., 3.'J7. 
 
 Hai'pidiMUi, J{71). 
 
 adlnntnUleH, I jnn., 88. 
 
 lledwisla, Eiirli., 152. 
 
 aditiixfinn, Sidliv., :Vtl. 
 
 ciliata, Elirh., V>2, 417. 
 
 adnatuni, JI«»dw., ."75. 
 
 pilifern, Mitt., 15o. 
 
 aduncuin, H<>d\v., :j80. 
 
 Hfiterooladiiiin, 820. 
 
 rcneuni. Milt., 331. 
 
 Ueterocladiuin, Bruch & Schimp., 
 
 assregatum, Mitt., JViO. 
 
 321. 
 
 Alaslianum, Lesq. & James, 
 
 dimorphum, Bruch & Schimp., 
 
 405. 
 
 321. 
 
 all)ioans, Neck., .3.37. 
 
 Homalia, Rrid., 285. 
 
 alhicnnH, var. :i{8. 
 
 gracilis, James, 286. 
 
 albuluiti, Muell., 365. 
 
 jaiuosii, Schimp., 285. 
 
 Alleghaniense, Muell., 362. 
 
 obtusata. Mitt., 285. 
 
 Alleni, Lesq. & James, 327. 
 
 trichomanoidcs, Bruch & 
 
 alopecurum, Linn., 420. 
 
 Schimp., 285. 
 
 alpestre, Swartz, 309. 
 
436 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Uypnum amcrmim, Drunim., 397. 
 apoclailiiiu, Mitt., :i5u. 
 arenariuin, Lcsq.. :i:]3. 
 arcticuiii, Soinniurf., 400. 
 arctlcinn, var., 40 . 
 asperriinuin, Mitt., .343. 
 atrovirens, Dicks., 311). 
 uttcnuatuni, Schreb., 305. 
 atlenuutuiii, lirid., 414. 
 badiuin, Iliirtiii., 400. 
 Bambergerl, Sohiiup., 397. 
 Jieryenenitr, Aust., 378. 
 Bigelovii, Siilliv., 302. 
 biventrosuiii, Mucll., 338. 
 Blandcvii, Web. & Molir, 326. 
 Bolaiuleri. Lcsq., 341. 
 Boscii, Sfhwaegr.. 302. 
 Braiulegei, Aust., 301. 
 breviiostre, Elirh., 408. 
 Breworiaiuiin. L«sq., 1349. 
 ca'spiiosuin, Wils., 340. 
 Cilifornicuiii, Lesq., 346. 
 callic!hrouni, Brid., 31)2, 420. 
 Caloosiense, Aust., 300. 
 calyptratum, SuUiv., 324. 
 campestre, Brucb, 344. 
 Carolinianum, Muell., 35.5. 
 catenulatuin, Brid., 311), 419. 
 chryseon, Schwaegr., 310. 
 chrysophylluui, Brid., 378. 
 chrysontoinum, Michx., 345. 
 chryHostounim, Muell., 345. 
 circinale, Hook., 392. 
 circinale, Sulliv. & Lesq., 392. 
 Clofitcri, Aust., 399. 
 colliiium, Scldeich., 3.39. 
 Coloradense, Aust., 412. 
 colpopbyllum, Sulliv., 3.52. 
 connnutatum, Hedw., 387. 
 compactum, Muell., 375. 
 coviplanatum, Linn., 283. 
 complexum, Lesq. & James, 
 
 396. 
 compressulum, Muell., 331. 
 concinnum, DeNot., 313. 
 Conferva, Schwaegr., 373. 
 confervoides, Brid., 372. 
 corifervoidci*, Druuun., 372. 
 conffestwu, Wils., 320. 
 cordifoliuni, Hedw., 402. 
 cordifoUum, Druram., 403. 
 cordi/olium, var., 403. 
 Cossoni, Scliimp., 385. 
 crassinervimn, Tayl., 419. 
 crispifolium, Hook., 329. 
 crista-castrensis, Linn., 389. 
 cupressiforme, Linn., 394. 
 ctirtipendulmn, Linn.. 291. 
 curvifolium, 'Tedw., 396, 
 curv{folium, MujII., 397. 
 curvirostrum, Brid., 398. 
 
 Hypnuui curvlsetiuii, Brid., 360. 
 cuspidatuin, Linn., 403. 
 cylindricuui, Muell., 350. 
 declici.iH, Mitt., 340. 
 delicatuluin, Linn., 325. 
 deujissiuu, Wils., 355, 420. 
 deiniKSUtn, Sulliv., 355. 
 deininsuiiiy var., 355, 350. 
 d^ndroideit, Linn., 314. 
 denticulatuni, Linn., 307, 419. 
 dtnticulatuin, var., 3(>4. 
 deplanatuni, iSdiiinp., 359. 
 depressuluni, Muell., 391. 
 deprestiiim, James, 3.5H. 
 dimorpbuni, Brid., 321. 
 diversifolium, Scbinip., 352. 
 Donnellil, Aust., 3;J8. 
 Donnianuin, Sniitb, 307. 
 dubium, Dicks., 386. 
 elegans. Hook., 30(i. 
 erectum, Lesq. & Jani^s. 323. 
 eugyrium, Scbinip., 40". 
 exannu'atuni, Guenib., 384. 
 exanniilutnm, var., 'j75. 
 fahroniijej'olium, Miell., 303. 
 falcatitm, Brid., 387, 
 Fendleri, Sulliv. & Lesq., 340. 
 fertile, Smdt., .31)1. 
 filamentomm, Dicks., iil9. 
 filicinum, Linn., 380. 
 Fitzgeraldi, RenaulU, .370. 
 Fleniniingii, Lesq. «& James, 
 
 410. 
 fluitans, Linn., 383. 
 fliiitans, var., 275. 
 fluviatile, Swartz, ,375. 
 fluviatile, James, 374. 
 ful'um, Hook. & Wils., 365. 
 geminum, Lesq. & James, 365. 
 geophiluiii, Aust., 358. 
 giganteum, Scbimp., 403. 
 gracile, Brucb «fe Scbimp., 324. 
 gracHe, Linn., 290. 
 Haldanianum, G^ev., .397. 
 Ilallpri, var., 378. 
 hamifolium, Scbimp., 381. 
 hamulosum, Brucb & Scbimp., 
 
 391. 
 hamulosum, Sulliv. & Lesq.. 
 
 391. 
 hamuloHum, Wils., 393. 
 hians, Kedw., 354. 
 Hillebrandi, Lesq., 340. 
 hiriellum, Muell., 299. 
 bispidulum, Brid., .378. 
 Ulecebrum, Schwaegr., 347. 
 illecebrum, Hedw., 352. 
 imponens, Hedw., 390. 
 imponens, .Tames, 386. 
 irriguum. Hook. & Wils., 874. 
 Jamesii, Lesq. & James, 357. 
 
 #iii 
 
INDEX. 
 
 437 
 
 «j 
 
 Ilypmim Jauie.^il. Aust., 383. 
 jnldccniii, Vill., ."UK). 
 Jtilacriim, var., 300. 
 KneiJI'ii, iScliiuip., 380. 
 liBtum, Ilrid., 335. 
 l.itebricola, Liiulb., 3(J.3. 
 laxcpatuluiii, Lesq. & James, 
 3:)S. 
 
 laxifolhim, Schwaegr., 320. 
 lenttiin. Mitt., 350. 
 Lescurii, Sulliv., 'SIC. 
 leiicocladuliim, Mnel!., 330. 
 ItMicomuiruiH, Sulliv. & Lesq., 
 
 32S. 
 loreiun, Linn., 410. 
 luridtiin, H»h1w., 300. 
 hitesceiis. Iledw., 331. 
 lycopoilioiilt's, UeXot., 38."). 
 Mariibdidirnni, Muell., 350. 
 incgaptiluui, Sulliv., .334. 
 niit-aiis, Swartz, 3(].j. 
 micdus, Wiis., 35(5. 
 niicrooaipmn, Muell., .357. 
 Dikroplii/lluni, Miihl., 324. 
 Mihleanniii, Schimp., 337. 
 ininutissimum, Sulliv. & Lesq., 
 
 371. 
 minutuhnn, Heilw., 322. 
 molle, Dicks., 300. 
 molle, Drill., 400. 
 molluscuni, Hedvv., 389. 
 montanuin, Wils., 401. 
 Muelleriantun, Hoolc. fll., 367. 
 Muhlenbeciiii, Spruce, 370. 
 niyosuroiiies, Linn., 347. 
 myoHurohhs, var., 348. 
 Neckera, Scliwaegr., 362. 
 neclceroitles, Hook, 362. 
 nerkcroides, Hook. & Wils., 
 
 362. 
 neniorosum, Koch, .398. 
 Nevadense, Lesq,, 332. 
 nigrescens, Swartz, 287. 
 nitens, Schreb., 333. 
 nitidiilnm, Wahl., .364. 
 noterophllum, Sulliv. & Lesq., 
 
 374. 
 Novte-AnglisB, Sulliv. & Lesq., 
 
 344. 
 Xovje-Cesareae, Aust., 3.56. 
 Nuttallii, Wils., 332. 
 Oakesil, Sulliv., 408. 
 obtusifolium, Druinm., 400. 
 ocliraceuni, Turn., 401. 
 oedipodium. Mitt., 342. 
 Oreganum, Sulliv., 3.55. 
 orthocladon, Beauv., 374. 
 oxycladon, Brid., 414. 
 pollens, Lindb., 324. 
 pallencens, Beauv., 300, 391. 
 paludosum, Sulliv., 330. 
 
 Hypnuin palustre, Hedw., 308. 
 Passaicense, Lesij. & James, 
 
 363. 
 Ptckii, Aust., 3vS3. 
 pilit'oruin, Schrob., 3.53. 
 pinnatiliduni, Sulliv. & Lesq., 
 
 planum, Brid., 411. 
 plicatile, Jjesij. tVr James, 304. 
 plumusuni, Snartz, ;)45. 
 pliimoHtiiii, llt'dw., 3.')6. 
 pnbjnnthos, Scluvb., 308. 
 jwh/aiithttiu, var.. 308. 
 poli/C((ri)i)ii, Bland., 380. 
 polygamiim. Wils., 370. 
 poli/inoriihiiiii. Brucli & 
 
 Schimp.. 37S. 
 populctnn, Hedw., 345. 
 pra'Iongiun, Linn., 35,3. 
 prd'lonijiitii, Sidliv., 3.54. 
 pru'lonijiun, Muell., 3.54. 
 priiloiKjHin, var., 3.55. 
 pralfusc, Koch, 307. 
 procnrrens, Lesq. & James,321. 
 2)rol!j'eniin, Linn., 407. 
 prolifet'uin, Dnunni., 325. 
 proUj'ei'uiii, var.. 4()S. 
 prutiiherans, Brid., 301. 
 pseudoidiUHOHniit, Brid., .345. 
 pstndDHerlcvnm, Muell., 310. 
 pseudo-Silt'siacum, Lesq. & 
 
 James, 370. 
 pulchclliun, Dicks., 364. 
 ]n(lcfiiUuin. Hedw., 351. 
 l)ygnueiun, Sulliv. & Lesq. ,322. 
 radicale, Beauv.. .373. 
 radicosum. Mitt., 320. 
 ramulosnm. Hampe, 328. 
 recognitum, Ilcdw., .32.5. 
 rocurvans, Scliwaegr., 356. 
 reflexnm, Starke, 342. 
 remotifolium, Grev., 327. 
 reptile, Miciix., 300. 
 revolvens, Swartz, 384. 
 Kichardsoni, Lesq. «fc James, 
 
 404. 
 riparlnideK, Hedw., .300. 
 riparium, Linn., .376. 
 rivulare, Brucli, .344. 
 robustum. Hook., 388. 
 Boyje, Aust., 361. 
 riife.Hce)}ii, Dicks., 315. 
 rilffsccns, Drumm., 316. 
 liuf/elU, Muell., 306. 
 rugosum, Linn., 3S8. 
 Tujulosum, Web. & Mohr, 388. 
 rusciforme, Weis, .3.59. 
 rutabulum, Linn., 342. 
 mtahtiluin, var., 344. 
 Ruthenicum, Weinm., 315. 
 salebrosum, Hoffm., 336, 419. 
 
438 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 ir 
 
 '^li 
 
 1 i 
 
 Ilyimiim aalehronum. Sulllv., 335. 
 sarinenlo.suiii, Wahl.. 403. 
 Schiuberi, Willd., 404. 
 scituluiu, Auat., 3()3. 
 scituiii, lieaiiv., 323. 
 scluroldeH, Linn., 288. 
 scorpoides, Linn., 400. 
 Sendtneri, iSchinip., SSL 
 Sequoieti, Mueil., 302. 
 serptais, Linn.. 373, 419. 
 aerpniH, var., 373, 374, 370. 
 serrulatuni, lledw., 350. 
 Silcsiacuiu, Jlouk. & Wils., 
 
 370. 
 spiculiferum. Mitt., 348. 
 spicndens, lledw., 407. 
 Sprucei, Brucli, 372. 
 squari'osuni, Linn., 400, 420. 
 Starkii, Bild., 341. 
 stellatuni, Scbreb., 379. 
 stellatunt, Drunnn., 379. 
 stellatuni, var., 378. 
 Stokesii, Turn., 354. 
 stoionifet'uni, Hook., 348. 
 straniineiun, Dicks., 405. 
 atraiidiieum, var., 405. 
 striatelhuiK Brid., 370. 
 strigosum, Hoffni., 35L 
 8tri(/osiim, var., 352. 
 subfalcatuui, Lesq. & James, 
 
 371. 
 subimponens, Lesq., 393. 
 auhrectiJ'oUum, Suliiv., 398. 
 suhtemie, James, 342. 
 subtile, Hoffm., 372. 
 Sullivantiaj, Scliimp., 308. 
 Sullivantii, Spruce, 353. 
 sylvaticum, Huds., 308. 
 tanmriscinum, Hedw., 325, 420. 
 tamarischium, Suliiv. & Lesq., 
 
 326. 
 taxi/oUum, Linn., 88. 
 tenax, Drumm., 3*20. 
 teneruin. Hook. & Wils., 365. 
 Thedenii, Hartm., 338. 
 tricliomanoides, Schreb., 285. 
 trichophoruni, Spruce, 364. 
 ififaiium, Web. & Mohr, 405. 
 triquetrum, Linn., 409. 
 turfaceum. Fries, 306. 
 turgescens, Sob imp., 406. 
 umbratum, Elirh., 407. 
 uncinatum, Hedw., 382. 
 imdulatum, Linn., 369. 
 Utahense, Lesq. & James, 339. 
 vacillans, Lesq. & James, 377. 
 varium, lieanv., 373. 
 variwn, Hook. & Wils., 324, 
 
 374. 
 Vaiicljeri, Schimp., 414. 
 velutinum, Linn., 339. 
 
 Hypnxim veluthutm, var., 34L 
 vernicosum, Litidb., 385. 
 Vir(/ini(tnuiii, IJrld., 324. 
 viride. Lam., 345. 
 viticitlosuni, Linn.. .306. 
 Watsoni, Les(|. & James, 386. 
 Whippleanum, Suliiv., 328. 354. 
 Wrightii, Suliiv., 411,419. 
 
 Isopteri/f/iuin elcf/ftus, Lindb., 306. 
 
 nitidtim, Lin<ll).. 3('4. 
 
 tur/aceuiii, Lindb., 306. 
 Isothecium, 347. 
 laotheciuin, lirid.. .347. 
 
 apiculatuiu, Hueben., 300. 
 
 laxifolium, Bi"id., 329. 
 
 myosuroldeit, Britl., 348. 
 
 atolonij'eruiii, Brid., 348. 
 
 Jungermannia rupestris, Linn., 26. 
 
 Lasia trichomitrium, Beauv., 278. 
 Leersia, Hedw., 180. 
 Leptobryum, Scbimp., 215. 
 
 pyriforme, Scbimp., 215. 
 Leptodon, Mohr, 278, 
 
 cit'chmtus, Suliiv. 280. 
 
 Floridanus, Lindb., 414. 
 
 imnicrsum, Suliiv. & Lesq., 
 278. 
 
 nltidus, Lindb., 279. 
 
 Ohioensis, Suliiv., 278, 418. 
 
 trichomitrion, Mohr, 278. 
 Leptohymenlwti, crif^cution, 
 Hampe, 289. 
 
 dupUcato-serratum, Hainpe, 
 290. 
 Leptotbeca, Schwaegr., 251. 
 
 Wrightii, Suliiv., 251. 
 Leptotrichum, Hampe, 105. 
 
 flexicaule, Hampe, 107. 
 
 glaucescens, Hampe, 108. 
 
 homomallum, Hampe, 107. 
 
 pallidum, Hampe, 107. 
 
 pusillum, Hampe, 100. 
 
 Schimperi, Lesq., 108. 
 
 tortile, Muell., 105, 416. 
 
 vagi nans, Lesq. & James, 106. 
 Leskea, Hedw., 301. 
 
 acuminata, Hedw., 336. 
 
 adnata, Michx., 357. 
 
 asperella, Schimp., 299. 
 
 attenuata, Hedw., 305. 
 
 Austini, Suliiv., .303. 
 
 Beyrlchli, Hampe, 336. 
 
 Californica, Hampe, 332. 
 
 catenulata, Lindb., 320. 
 
 complanata, Hedw., 283. 
 
 conipressa, Hedw., .312. 
 
 cymbifoUa, Brid., 411. 
 
 dendroidea, Hedw., 314. 
 
6. 
 
 * 
 
 INDEX. 439 
 
 Leskea denticulata, Sulliv., 302. 
 
 Macromltrium mucroni folium. 
 
 FendUrl, Sulllv., 341. 
 
 Hook. & Grev., 179. 
 
 fnujUis, Hook. & Wils., 303. 
 
 rhabdocarpuiu, Mitt., 179, 
 
 Idti'brtrola, Wils., 3««i. 
 
 Sullivantii, Mufll., 178, 410. 
 
 lajtifotia, Hook.. 3:i0. 
 
 Meesia, Ih'dw., 212. 
 
 wicrocitrjKi, Scliiinp., 302. 
 
 Albertiuii, Bruch & Schimp., 
 
 nervosa, Myrin, 302. 
 
 213. 
 
 nen'OHii, .Sulliv., 302. 
 
 alphiu, Funck, 212. 
 
 obscura, Iledw., 301, 419. 
 
 didlhata, Hedw., 211. 
 
 jxdlescenii, Hedw., 300. 
 
 deniiiisa, lloppe *fc llornsch., 
 
 paliuloHa, Iledw., 301. 
 
 241. 
 
 p((n-uUi, Hainpe, 207. 
 
 longiseta, Hedw., 212, 415. 
 
 pilifcra, Swartz, 304. 
 
 Mncounli, Aust., 212. 
 
 pobfnntha, Hedw., 308. 
 
 minor, Brid., 212. 
 
 polycarpa, Elirh., 301. 
 
 tristicha, Bruch & Schimp., 
 
 pulchelln, Hedw., 3<»4. 
 
 213. 
 
 ptilvlnata, Wahl., 303. 
 
 uliginosa. Hedw., 212. 
 
 rccurcana, Mich., 350. 
 
 Mkesik.e, 210. 
 
 ri'iescens, Wils., 320. 
 
 Meteoriuni, Brid., 2S0. 
 
 roHtrata, Hedw,, 305. 
 
 nigrescens, Mitt., 287. 
 
 rv^feacenx, Schwaegr., 315. 
 
 pendulum, Sulliv., 2H0. i 
 
 ruinncola, Hedw., 330. 
 
 Microbryuni, Schimp., 45. 
 
 se<o,s«,Hedw., 336. 
 
 Fla-rkeanum. Schimp., 45. ; 
 
 Hquarrom, Michx., .356. 
 
 Microniitriuni, Aust.. 37. * 
 
 siihtilis, Hedw., 372. 
 
 Austini. Aust., 37. 
 
 toiuiroKtris, Scliiinp., 357. 
 
 megalosporuni, Aust., 37. 
 
 trichomanoideH, Hedw., 285. 
 
 synoicum, Aust., 37. 
 
 tristis, Cesat., 303. 
 
 Mielichhoferia, Hornsch., 214. 
 
 Wollei, Aust., 304. 
 
 nitida. Nees A: llornsch., 214. 
 
 LESKK.E, 2P8. 
 
 Mnium, Liun,, 241, 
 
 Leucouuye^, 90. 
 
 acimt/ioneuron, Schwaegr., 
 
 Leucobryum, Hampe, 90. 
 
 240. 
 affine, Bland., 244. 
 
 (jlaucxim, Schiiiip., 90. 
 
 minus, Sulliv., 91. 
 
 alhicans, Wahl., 1;23. 
 
 sediforme, Muell., 91. 
 
 androfjymwi, Linn., 252. 
 
 vulgare, Hampe, 90, 416. 
 
 Blyttii, Bruch & Schimp., 247. 
 
 I'uli/ure, var., 91. 
 
 cinclidioides, Hueben., 248, 
 
 Leiicodon, Schwaegr., 287. 
 
 cuspidatum, Hedw,, 242, 417. 
 
 brachypus, Brid., 288. 
 
 Cuspiddtum, Neck., 244. 
 
 julaceus. Sulliv., 288, 41 S. 
 
 cyclopl Jlum, Schwaegr,, 287. 
 Drumniondii, Bruch <& 
 
 scinroides, Schwaegr., 288. 
 
 Lel'codoxte.e, 287. 
 
 Schimp,, 243. 
 
 Leiicolepis arnnthoneura, Lindb., 
 
 fontunwit, Linn,, 209. , 
 
 249. 
 
 liornum, Linn., 245. 
 
 Llmnobium, .308. 
 
 hyr/rometricum, Linn,, 202. 
 
 Limnobium, Bruch & Schimp., ,398. 
 
 hymenophylloides, Hueben., 
 
 alpentre, Bruch & Schimp., 400. 
 
 249. 
 
 arcticAim, Bruch & Schimp.. 
 
 insigne. Mitt., 244. 
 
 400. 
 
 lycopodioides, Schwaegr., 246. 
 
 furf]/rium, Schimp,, 401. 
 
 marffinatum, Beauv., 24.'). 
 
 molle, Bruch & Schimp., 399. 
 
 medium, Bruch & Schimp., 
 
 ochraceum, Bruch & Schimp., 
 
 243. 
 
 402. 
 
 Menziesii, Muell., 249. 
 
 palustre, Bruch & Schimp., 
 
 Nevii, Muell., 242. 
 
 399. 
 
 orthorrhynchum, Bruch & » 
 
 
 Schimp., 246. 
 
 Macromltrium, Brid., 178. 
 
 ostmtndaceHm, Dicks., 188. ; 
 
 clai-ellatuni, Schwaegr., 160. 
 
 pnlitHtre, Linn., 252, 
 
 Dregei, Sulliv., 178. 
 
 pelluridum, liinn,, 187, 
 
 Fitzfieraldi, Lesq. & James, 
 
 psfi'dntuiirt'itniii, Bruch & 
 
 178. 
 
 Sohimp,, 249. 
 
440 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 tu 
 
 Mnium pniutatum, Hedw., 248. 
 
 purpuveuin, Linn., U2. 
 
 pyr{f'orme, Linn., iil5. 
 
 rostratuin, Schwaegr., 243. 
 
 serratnin, Laicli., 245. 
 
 Hili'aticuiii, Lindb., 242. 
 
 spinifurme, MiU'll., 251. 
 
 spinosiun, Schwaegr., 246. 
 
 spiniilosuu), Bruch & Schiuip., 
 247. 
 
 stellaie, Reiohard, 247. 
 
 ett/qium, Bruch *fc fcscbimp., 
 250. 
 
 subglobosnm, Bruch & 
 Schinip., 24S. 
 
 trlquetrnin, Linn., 21.3. 
 
 trifjuetrnin, Iledw., 238. 
 
 turffiilitm, Wabl., 2.53. 
 
 uni brat lie, Milt., 240. 
 
 venustuin. Mitt., 242. 
 Mi/rinia imli'inata, Sdiimp., .304. 
 Myurella, Bruch & Scbiinp., 300. 
 
 apicniata, Bruch & Schiuip., 
 300. 
 
 Careyana, Snlliv., .300, 419. 
 
 julacea, Bruchtfe Schimp., 30O. 
 
 Nanomitriuin tenerum, Lindb., 37. 
 Neckera, Hedw., 281. 
 ahietina, Hook., 280. 
 brachypu.i, Muell., 288. 
 brevifiela, Hook. & WHs., 311. 
 Californica, Hook. & Arn., 
 
 280. 
 cripillacea, Muell., 273. 
 clcidorrhizdnSy Hedw., 311. 
 cladorrhizans, Hook. & Wils., 
 
 312. 
 curtipeiuhtla, Muell., 291. 
 cymbi folia, Muell., 284. 
 dendroides, Muell., 314. 
 dendroides, var., 314. 
 disticha, Hedw., 281. 
 Jiltfonnis, Muell., 289. 
 Floridana, Aust., 284. 
 ffracilis, Muell., 290. 
 Ludovieite, Mtiell., 284. 
 Macoioiii, SuUiv., 279. 
 Menziesii, Druinni., 282. 
 nifp'encens, Schwaegr., 287. 
 obtusata, Mitt., 285. 
 Ohioensis, Muell., 279. 
 oligocarpa, Bruch <fe Schimp., 
 
 283. 
 pennata, Hedw., 282, 419. 
 pennata, var., 283. 
 pseiidalopecura, Muell., 288. 
 pulvinata, Muell., 304. 
 pumila, Hedw., 284. 
 aciuroides, Muell., 288. 
 aeductnx, Hedw., 311. 
 
 Neckera HplachnoideM, Schwaegy 
 21M). 
 
 aiihulatn, Muell., 274. 
 
 iSullicanth Muell., 31,3. 
 
 undulata, Hedw., 281. 
 Neckehe.e, 275. 
 Notarisia, 150. 
 
 Octoblepharum, Hedw., 01. 
 
 albidum, Hedw., 91. 
 Octodkeran Jul'ianum, Brid., 89. 
 Oligotrichiun, DC, 258. 
 
 aligeruni. Mitt., 2.j8. 
 
 iflabratuin, Lindb., 200. 
 
 Iwchjatum, Bruch & Schlnip 
 2(50. 
 
 Lyallii, Lindb., 259. 
 Omalia, Bruch & Schimp., 285. 
 
 Wrifjfitii, Sulliv.,411. 
 Oncophorus (flaucua, Bruch A 
 Schimp., 90. 
 
 gracilescens, Lindb., 00. 
 
 Schisti, Lindb., 00. 
 
 Walilenberr/ii, Brid., 61. 
 Oreoweisia, Scliimp., 58. 
 
 serrulata, Schimp., 58. 
 Orthopt/xis androyj/na, Beauv., 
 252. 
 
 heterosticfia, Beauv., 254. 
 Ohtiiotiiecie^, 307. 
 Orthotheciuni, Bruch & Schimp., 
 315. 
 
 chryseum, Bruch & Schimp., 
 310. 
 
 rubellum, Lesq. & James. 315. 
 
 rufescens, Bruch & Schimp., 
 315. 
 Orthotriciie^, 154. 
 Orthotrichum, Hedw., 104. 
 
 afflne, Schrad., 108. 
 
 alpestre, Hornsch., 108. 
 
 Americanum, Beauv., 164. 
 
 anomalum, Hedw., 1<)4. 
 
 Bolanderi, Sulliv., 167. 
 
 brachytricbum, Schimp., 172. 
 . Bruch H, Wils., 102. 
 
 Canadense, Bruch & Schimp., 
 171. 
 
 Canadense, Sulliv. & Lesq., 
 171. 
 
 canuni. Mitt., 170. 
 
 citrinum, Aust., 171. 
 
 coarctatum, Bruch & Schimp., 
 162. 
 
 Columbtcum, Mitt., 175. 
 
 consimile, Mitt., 173. 
 
 Coulteri, Mitt., 173. 
 
 crispulum, Bruch, 103. 
 
 crispum, Hedw., 102. 
 
 cupulatum, Hoflfm., 105. 
 
 curvi/olium, Wahl., 162. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 441 
 
 Orthotrlchnm cyllndrocarpum, 
 
 Lesq., 173. 
 dlaphaiiuin, Sclirad., 170. 
 dilutdtutn, Bruch & Schlmp., 
 
 102. 
 Doiiijlasii, Diiby, 107. 
 Drutninondn, (Irev., 101. 
 €lei/(tnn, Schwaegr., 100. 
 exiguuin, Sulliv., 174. 
 fallax, Schiinp., 171. 
 f(ntcicuh(i'\ LaPyl.,103. 
 natncmi', Aust., 109. 
 Hallii, SuUiv. & Lesq., 170. 
 llHtdtitma', iSmltli, 104. 
 Jamesiamun, SuUiv., 177. 
 Japonlcuiu, Sulliv. & Lesq., 
 
 104. 
 Kingiamini, Lesq., 170. 
 Uevigatuin, Zett., 105. 
 leiocarpuin, liruch & Scliimp., 
 
 174. 
 Lesciirii, Aiist,, 105. 
 Lwhri<iii, Brid., 101. 
 Lyellii; Hook. & Tayl., 177. 
 obtiisifoliuin, Sclirad., 177. 
 obtmifoUiim, Di-uuiin., 172. 
 occidentale, .lames, 109. 
 Ohioense, Sulliv. *& Lesq., 170. 
 pallens, IJruch, 175. 
 2mpillnsuiu. Hainpe, 178. 
 parvnlum, Mitt., 100. 
 Peckii, Aust., 10.5. 
 phyUant/niin, Steud., 103. 
 Porteri, Aust., 105. 
 psllocarpuTH, James, 173. 
 pulchellum, lirunton, 175. 
 2nuniluii}, Srhwaegr., 171. 
 pimllwu, Mitt., 174. 
 Raufi, Aust., 109. 
 rivulare. Turn., 176. 
 Bogeri, Brid., 175. 
 Iio(/eri, Sulliv., 175. 
 Bor/eri. Siilliv. & Lesq., 177. 
 rupestre, Schleich., 167. 
 snxntile, Brid., 165. 
 sordidum, Sulliv. & Lesq., 170. 
 speciosiim, Nees, 169. 
 strangulatuni, Beaiiv., 172. 
 striatum, Hedw., 175. 
 Sturmii, Hoppe & Homsch., 
 
 100. 
 Sturwii, Sulliv. & Lesq., 166. 
 \ tenellum, Bruch, 172. 
 Texanum, Sulliv., 166. 
 Watsoni, James, 168. 
 
 Paludella, Ehrh., 213. 
 
 squarrosa, Brid., 214. 
 Pharomitrlum, Schimp., 100. 
 
 exiyuwriy Aiist., 100. 
 
 subsessile, Schimp., 100. 
 
 PiiAacK.E. .30. 
 riiascum, Linn., 41. 
 
 uUerniJ'olhnn, Sulliv., 44. 
 
 lieyrifhlunnm, Schwaegr., 47. 
 
 bryoides, Dicks., 42. 
 
 Carniolicum, Web. & Mohr, 
 42. 
 
 cofneren.9, TIedw., 39. 
 
 cranslncrrinni, Schwaegr., 38. 
 
 cran.tineri'iitm, var., 38. 
 
 crini)Hin, Iledw.. 52. 
 
 criyniiii, var., .52. 
 
 cuspi<latum, Sclireb., 42, 415. 
 
 flfxiiosuni, Scliwaegr., 40. 
 
 Fln'rkeanuin, ^Veb. & Mohr, 
 45. 
 
 ffywnoHtomoideH, Brid., 43. 
 
 Luiloriridiinm, Sulliv., 52. 
 
 niuHcuiii, Scbreb., 40. 
 
 nervosum, Hook., 44. 
 
 ncrrositiii, Druium., 44. 
 
 nitiilulKiii, Iiliiell., .52. 
 
 jxilnstre. Sulliv., 45. 
 
 patt'Ufi, Iledw., 40. 
 
 pUifevum, Schreb., 42. 
 
 tic/iiiiipcridiiuiu, Sulliv., 41. 
 
 aevnifniu, Schrel)., 38. 
 
 serratniii, var., 39. 
 
 8te)ioiili!flli(iu, Voit, 39. 
 
 siibulatum, Schreb., 43. 
 
 SuHivdntll, Sulliv., 52. 
 
 triquetnwi, Spruce, 41. 
 Philonotis, Brid., 208, 
 
 calcarea, Schimp., 209. 
 
 foutana, Brid., 209. 
 
 Macounii, Lesq. & James, 208. 
 
 Mohriatia, Ijosq. *fe James, 210. 
 
 Muhleubergii, Brid., 208. 
 Pfiyllouoninin Norteyicum, Sulliv., 
 
 95. 
 riiyscomitrella, Schimp,, 39. 
 
 patens, Schimp., 39. 
 
 PlIYSCO.MITKIE.E, 19.5. 
 
 Physcomitrium, Brid., 196. 
 
 acuminatum, Bruch & Schimp., 
 198. 
 
 Jdans, Lindb,, 198. 
 
 Hookeri, Hampe, 198, 
 
 immersum, Sulliv., 196, 418. 
 
 latifolhtm, Lindb., 198. 
 
 pygmreum, James, 197. 
 
 pyriforrae, Brid., 197. 
 
 aerratum, Muell., 196. 
 
 tetragonum, Bruch & Schimp., 
 196. 
 
 turbinatum, Muell., 198. 
 Pilotrichum abictimtm, Brid., 2801 
 
 antipyreticwn, Muell., 269. 
 
 cilia turn, Muell., 152. 
 
 cymbifoUum, Sulliv., 285. 
 
 diatichum, Beauv., 2S1. 
 
442 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 ! 
 
 it 
 
 it 
 
 it, :■ 
 
 ■\ 
 
 \ 
 
 
 t .' r' 
 
 
 Pilotrlchum (lintirhum, Muell., 270. 
 sp/nKjiiifolluin, Muell., 270. 
 undHlututit, Hi>auv., 2^2. 
 Plagiothccium, ;5«I2. 
 PlayiothvciHin, ISchinip., .302. 
 Ut'iiticulutuin, Uruch & 
 
 Scliiinp., :W1. 
 denticuliUum, van, .303, 304. 
 eh'ifdHH, Soliiiiip., 300. 
 li(tt'hi'icola, liruch *& Schiinp., 
 
 3(}3. 
 Muvllerianum, Scliiinp., 308. 
 Mnhlenbeckii, liruch & 
 
 Schlinp., 370. 
 nitidnlum, Bruch & Schiinp., 
 
 304. 
 nitidiim, Lindb., .304. 
 nitidum, var., 304. 
 orthocladiiim, Bruch & 
 
 Schlinp., 309. 
 PasHUicense, Aust., 303. 
 piliferuin, Bruch & Schlinp., 
 
 304. 
 paeudo-Silesianum, Schlinp., 
 
 370. 
 pulchellum, Bruch & Schlinp., 
 
 304. 
 Roeseanum, Bruch & Schlinp., 
 
 308. 
 atriatellum, Lindb., .370. 
 suhfalcntum, Aust., 371. 
 SulUvantUe, Schlinp., 308. 
 sylcaticum, Bruch & Schlmp., 
 
 309. 
 turfdceum, Lindb., 300. 
 undnlatum, Bruch & Schlmp., 
 
 309. 
 latysjyrhmi, Bruch & Schlmp., 
 ^307. 
 repeiis, Bruch & Schlmp., 307, 
 
 419. 
 Pleurldlnm, Br Id., 43. 
 
 alternifolluni, Brld., 44. 
 Bolanderi, Muell., 44. 
 nervoftum, Sulliv., 44. 
 palustre, Bruch & Schlmp., 45. 
 Ravenelll, Aust... 43. 
 stramineum, Sulliv. & Lesq., 
 
 43. 
 subulatum, Bruch <& Schlinp., 
 
 43. 
 SuUlvantli, Aust., 44. 
 Pr.EURocAKPi, 275. 
 PleurochcBte squarroaa, Lindb., 
 
 130. 
 Pleurozium, 407. 
 Pogonatum, Beaiiv., 260. 
 alplnum, Roehl., 263. 
 arcticiim, Roehl., 263. 
 atrovirens. Mitt., 262. 
 bracbyphyllum, Beauv., 261. 
 
 Pogonatum brevlcaule, Beauv., 260. 
 
 caplllare, Brld., 201. 
 
 conturtuni, Le^q., 202. 
 
 dentatiiiu, Brld., 201. 
 
 deiitatnin, Lesq., 2((2. 
 
 latcrale, Brld., 202. 
 
 sciilentrlonulc, Hoeh)., 20.3. 
 
 urnlgeruin, B'.auv., 202, 417. 
 
 tiruiiitruin, Druinm., 201. 
 Pohli.i, 210. 
 
 Pohlia nciiiiiinata, Iloppe «& 
 llurnsch., 210. 
 
 arcticc, R. ihown, 224. 
 
 orcticd, var., 224. 
 
 hryo'idvH, 11. Brown, 225. 
 
 elonuatn, lledw., 217. 
 
 iticlinata, Swariz, 220. 
 
 pohjmorphu, Iloppe & 
 llornscli., 2l(t. 
 
 pnrpnraHretiH, K. Brown, 224. 
 Polytrirhadelpltus Lyullii, Mitt., 
 
 2,j9. 
 polythiche.e, 255. 
 Polytiichuin, Linn., 20.3. 
 
 idpcfitre, IIoi»pe, 205. 
 
 alphuun, Linn., 203. 
 
 amjustatiim, Biid., 256. 
 
 atteniudum, Menz., 204. 
 
 brachyphyllum, jMiclix., 261. 
 
 brevifoUum, It. Brown, 263. 
 
 capillare, Mlclix., 201. 
 
 capillare, var., 202. 
 
 commune, Linn., 200, 417. 
 
 contortnm, Menz., 202. 
 
 dentatitmf Menz., 202. 
 
 formosum, lledw., 204. 
 
 gracile. Menz.. 204. 
 
 junlperlnum, Wllld., 205. 
 
 jimiperinum, var., 205. 
 
 Pennsylvaniann, Hedw., 260. 
 
 perigoniale, Mlchx., 200. 
 
 plliferum, Scbreb., 204. 
 
 strlctum. Banks, 205. 
 
 sylvaticum, Menz., 203. 
 
 tenue, Menz., 201. 
 
 undulation, Hedw., 2.56. 
 
 urnlfferum, Linn., 203. 
 Pottla, Ehrh., 100. 
 
 Barbula, Muell., 102. 
 
 bryoides, Lln«lb., 43. 
 
 c.avlfolia, Ehrh., 101. 
 
 curvlrostris, Ehrh., 54. 
 
 eustoma, Ehrh., 101. 
 
 Helinii, Fuern., 102. 
 
 latifoUa, Muell., 103. 
 
 mlnutula, Fuern., 101. 
 
 pilifera, Lindb., 104. 
 
 pHifera, var., 103. 
 
 piisilla, Lindb., 101. 
 
 rlparia, Aust., 102. 
 
 rubiyinoaa, Watson, 120. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 443 
 
 Pottia Starkeana, Muell., 10.'l. 
 Stnrkei, var., 10 1. 
 HuhHeHsilis, Jiriicli & Schinip., 
 
 100. 
 tnmcata, Fiicrn., 101, 416. 
 truiicuta, var., lOU. 
 Wllsoni, IJrueli & Schimp., 101. 
 
 POTTIK.E, 100. 
 
 IVmlobraiiiiia, \^>'i, 
 l's<Miil()l(!.sk(!a, ^10. 
 I'aemlnloikca, lirucli & Schimp., 
 311). 
 atrovirens, Brucli «& Schimp., 
 
 311). 
 catcHitlata, Uruch & Schimp., 
 
 320. 
 coni/csta, Uruch & Schimp., 
 
 320. 
 rir/cscens, Tiindb., 320. 
 Psilopilum, Urid., 2'ji). 
 
 arctictim, Ih'id., 2U0. 
 Pterigyuantlriim, Iledw., 288. 
 apicitlatitm, Hrid., 354. 
 CaroUniitnttm, Brid., 311. 
 flli forme, Medw., 2SU. 
 uraclle, Ih^lw., 21)0. 
 hirtelluiii, lledw., 2i)9. 
 intricatitm, Iledw., 309. 
 jtil((c(Hiii, lledw., 288. 
 repetiH, Urid., 307. 
 8ithc<ti>Hl<Uit)n, lledw., 310. 
 trlclioniUrion, lledw., 278. 
 Pterogonium, Swurtz, 289. 
 bracliyptenim, Mitt., 290. 
 gracile, Swartz, 290, 420. 
 nercoftum, Scliwaegr., 302. 
 perpuslUiiin, DeNot., 297. 
 procurreiia, Mitt., \i2l. 
 repcns, Sclnvaegr., 307. 
 Pterygophyllum, Urid., 293. 
 anoiiKduni, Mitt., 293. 
 lucens, Urid., 293, 419. 
 Ptilliiiii crifita-castrensis, DeNot., 
 
 389. 
 Ptychomitrium, Bruch & Schimp., 
 
 im. 
 
 Dnimmondii, Sulliv., 157. 
 
 Gardneri, Lesq., 1.56. 
 
 incurvum, Sulliv., 157, 416. 
 
 pusiUum,Bn\ch & Schimp., 157. 
 
 pygmaeum, Lesq. & James, 157. 
 Ptychostomum pendulum, 
 
 Hornsch., 225. 
 Pylaiea, Lindb., 308. 
 Pijlcdscea radicans, Desv., 367. 
 Pylaisia, Bruch & Schimp., 308. 
 
 denticulata, Sulliv., 30)9. 
 
 heteromalla, Bruch «& Schimp., 
 308. 
 
 intrlcata, Bruch & Schimp., 
 309, 418. 
 
 Pylama Jnmenii, Sulliv., .^09. 
 
 polyantha, Bruch & Schimp., 
 308. 
 
 siibdeutloulata, Schimp., 308. 
 Pyramidula, Brid., MNt. 
 
 tetragouu, Brid., 196'. 
 
 liachopUnm anomalum, Schwaefff., 
 
 293. 
 Bacomitrium, Brid., 147. 
 
 aciculare, Brid., 148, 417. 
 
 canescens, Ihid., 151. 
 
 tlepreSMum, I.eMj., 148. 
 
 cricoidi'H, Brid.. 151, 
 
 faseicularc, Urid.. 150. 
 
 heterostieiiuiii, Urid., 149. 
 
 lanuginosum, Urid., 151. 
 
 microi'iivpitn, lledw., 140. 
 
 mieroearpiun, Urid., 150. 
 
 Nevii, WiU.son, 148. 
 
 patens, liueben., 147. 
 
 Sudeticum, Urucli tfe Schimp., 
 149. 
 
 variuin, Le8<|. & .James, 150. 
 Raphidostegium, 3.').5. 
 Jiduid scitii, Aust., 322. 
 lihabdoweisia, Brucii & Schimp., 
 
 denticulata, Bruch & Schimp., 
 
 59. 
 fugax, Brucli & Schimp., 59, 
 
 415. 
 Schist i, Bruch & Schimp., 60. 
 Rhizogonium, Urid., 250. 
 
 cuumt/ionmron, Muell., 249. 
 spinifornie, Uruch, 251. 
 Rhodobryuui. 239. 
 Kliynchostegium, .358. 
 lihynchoHtviilniii, Schimp., 3.58. 
 dclicafiditin, James, 3.58. 
 dciiiisHiiiii, Bruch & Schimp., 
 
 355. 
 eler/aiis, Lindl)., 306. 
 (leophilnm, Aust., 3.58. 
 JditicHii, Sulliv., 3.58. 
 Nov(e-(k'S(irciv, Aust., .356. 
 pnt'lon;/uiii, DeNot., 35,3. 
 ruRciforme, Bruch & Schimp., 
 
 300. 
 Tecudaln, Bruch & Schimp., 
 300. 
 Rhytidium, 388. 
 
 Scelania ccBsin, Lindb., 108. 
 Schistidium, 134. 
 
 Af/fissizil, Sulliv. & Lesq., 136. 
 ainbiyiium, Sulliv., 1,3.5. 
 apnrarpum, Bruch & Schimp., 
 
 136. 
 confertum, Bruch & Schimp., 
 13o. 
 
444 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 W 
 
 h 
 
 "1' 
 
 I' ^» 
 
 t 
 
 w 
 
 ) t 
 
 
 SchiHtldium vinriHinuni, Druch <& 
 hcliliiip., i:i7. 
 
 scrratniii, Hook. & Wils., 100. 
 
 tinhii('«nilc, IJii<I., KX). 
 Sclii8toHl«;>;a, Mohr, liSH. 
 
 usiimiuliicua, VVub. <fc Mohr, 
 
 IHH. 
 SCIIIHTOHTKOK^, 188. 
 
 St'hluthi!iinlii, lirid., 171). 
 
 ruinl'olia. Hook. & Wlls., 180. 
 
 Sullivnntii, Muull., 180, 410. 
 Scloropodiuin, JMO. 
 ticlcroiiudiuiu, 8ch!inp., 340. 
 
 ca'spituHtini, lirucli & iSchiiup., 
 340. 
 
 ilh'cchrum, Uruch «& Schiuip., 
 347. 
 Scorpidluiii, 400. 
 Scouleria, 137. 
 
 (UfUdticd, Ilook., l.*]?. 
 Seliguriu, iJriicli i& 8cliiiiip., 00. 
 
 calcarea, liiucli & fSchiuip., 07. 
 
 Uonianti, Muull., 00. 
 
 pusilla, Bnu'li & Scliimp., 06. 
 
 recutvata, Bruch &, Schimp., 
 07. 
 
 setacea, Llndb., 07. 
 
 triJnrUty Lindb.. 07. 
 
 tristicha, Bruch & Schimp., 07, 
 415. 
 
 SRMOEHIFwE, O.'). 
 
 Skitop/ii/llitm, La Pyl., 81. 
 Sphterangiuiii, Schiinp., 40. 
 
 muticuin, IScliiinp., 40. 
 
 rufescens, Lesq. & James, 40. 
 
 Schiinporianuni, Lesq. & 
 James, 41. 
 
 triquetruni, Soliimp., 41. 
 Sphcerocpp/i (litis. Neck., 252. 
 Sphaonack^e. 11. 
 Sphagnum. Dill., 12. 
 
 acutifolium, Ehrli., 13. 
 
 Kent if oli urn, var., 1.3. 
 
 auriciilnfiim: Lesq., 20. 
 
 Austini, Sulliv., 21. 
 
 capHli/oliuni, Iledw., 13. 
 
 compactiim, Brid., 18. 
 
 compactum, var., 17. 
 
 contortum, Schultz, 19. 
 
 contortiim, var., 20. 
 
 cribrosum, Lindb., 24. 
 
 cuspidatum, Elirh., 14. 
 
 cuapidatnw , var., 15, 20. 
 
 cyclophyllum, Sulliv. & Lesq., 
 22. 
 
 cymbifolium, Ehrh., 21, 23, 
 415. 
 
 cymbtfoUum, var., 24. 
 
 flmbriatum, Wlls., 14. 
 
 Fitzgerald!, Kenauld, 23. 
 
 Oarberi, Lesq. & James, 18. 
 
 Sphagnum Girgonnohnii, Russ., 14. 
 liumile, Schimp., 17. 
 humile, Aust., 10. 
 hypnnidvH, Braun, 15. 
 internudium, lloffui., 15. 
 laricinum, Sprure, 10, 411, 
 larir.iuiim, Aust., 14. 
 larlriuuiti, var., 23. 
 UltiJ'nliitin, Iledw., 21. 
 liuUnliuiii, Mui'll., 15. 
 LeHcnrii, JSulIiv., 10. 
 LindberKii, Seliinip., 15. 
 inaerophylluni, Brridi., 24. 
 Menducinum, .Sulliv. ib Lesq., 
 
 2(\ 
 molle, Sulliv., 18. 
 tnoll<\ Aust., 18. 
 violle, var., 18. 
 moUuscoidcft. Muell., 18. 
 niolhiHcum, Bruch, 21. 
 MucUeri, Scbinip.. 17. 
 neiiioroHuin, Scop., 13, 
 obtimifoliuiii, var., 23. 
 paluHtrc, Liiui., 21. 
 
 {tapillosum, Lindb., 21. 
 •ortoricense, llampe, 22. 
 i)]/niorl<(diiin, Angstr., 17. 
 ^ylaesii, Brid., 23. 
 Pylaiei, var., 23. 
 recurvuin, Beauv., 15. 
 rigidum, Scliimp., 17. 
 nibellum, Wils., 1.3. 
 sedoidos, Brid., 23. 
 sedoides, var., 24. 
 aerratum, Aust., 15. 
 squavroHiiluin, Lesq., 16. 
 squarrosum, Pers., 15. 
 8(/Hurroaum, var., 10. 
 strlctum, Lindb., 13. 
 atrictum, Sulliv., 17. 
 Bubsecundum, Nees, 19. 
 auhsecundwn, var., 20. 
 Sullirnntianum, Aust., 22. 
 tabulare, Sulliv., 18. 
 tenellum, Ehrh., 20. 
 tenerum, Sulliv. & Lesq., 18. 
 teres, Angstr., 10. 
 Torreyanunt, Sulliv., 15. 
 vtil'/are, Micbx., 21. 
 Wulflanum, (iirgens., 16. 
 Splachkk^, 189. 
 Splachnum, Linn., 193. 
 
 ampullaceum, Linn., 104, 418. 
 anr/uatatum, Linn. HI., 102. 
 flagellar e, Brid., 101. 
 Fi'oelichianam, Hedw., 190. 
 luteum, Linn., 105. 
 melanocaulnn, Schwaegr., 195. 
 mnioidea, Linn, til., 192. 
 rubrum, Linn., 105. 
 serratum, Hedw., 191. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 445 
 
 Splachnum netaceum, Mlchx., 102. 
 
 actncnini, Hook. tVr Wlls., 1U3. 
 
 spliiui'iouiii, Liiiii. til., IU4. 
 
 urceulntuin, llctlw., li)2. 
 
 vasculosum, Liiiii., MM. 
 
 Woriiiskiohlil, Iloriu'ui., 104. 
 Sporledn'a Jieyrichlana, llauipc, 
 47. 
 
 pultnitiiH, iSchiinp., 4.'). 
 
 Sc/iw<tyrivltrHi, Iliiiupc, 40. 
 
 Hetij'oUn, Jaeger, 40. 
 STKOOCAIII'I, 51. 
 
 btcreodon arctivm, Mitt., 400. 
 
 lkimbf.ru eri, Liiulb., 307. 
 
 calUchrou.-*, IJriil., 303. 
 
 chryneuH, Mitt., 31(1. 
 
 circinalin, lirid., 302. 
 
 eirculurh. Mitt., 307. 
 
 coDnnutatus, Mitt., iiS?. 
 
 covipactim, Mitt., 376. 
 
 couiidexuK, Mitt., 307. 
 
 criHta-cnstrvnsiH, Mitt., .380. 
 
 CKpreasifornih, Brid., 305. 
 
 cui'vifoUuH, IJrid., 30(K 
 
 cuapidatus, lirid., 404. 
 
 J)(>nianu8, Mitt., 307. 
 
 fllicinna, Mitt., 380. 
 
 yeminus. Mitt., 3»)5. 
 
 yifjanteuSf Mitt., 403. 
 
 Jluldatwi, Lindl)., 308. 
 
 hamuloHus, Lindl)., 301. 
 
 imporn'iiH, Brid., 303. 
 
 Kneiffii, Mitt., 380. 
 
 ohtiiitiJ'oUus, Mitt., 400. 
 
 ochruceus, Mitt., 402. 
 
 puUesceiiH, Lindb., 300. 
 
 plicatiUn, Milt., 304. 
 
 jjiMw^j/fr, Mitt., 304. 
 
 poUjanthiis, Mitt., 308. 
 
 pulchellus. Mitt., 304. 
 
 liichardnoni, Mitt., 404. 
 
 rlparius, Mitt., .377. 
 
 robuHtwi, Mitt., 388. 
 
 ruhcUus, Mitt., 315. 
 
 rt(/esceHS, Mitt., 31.5. 
 
 Schreberi, Mitt., 404. 
 
 turfaceua, Mitt., 300. 
 
 iincuKitu8, Brid., 382. 
 
 undnlatus. Mitt., 300. 
 Swartzia cnpillacea, Hedw., 93. 
 
 inclinata, Hedw., 04. 
 
 montana, Lindb., 04. 
 Byrrhopoilon, Scliwaegr., 185. 
 
 albovaginatu8, Uook. & Wils., 
 186. 
 
 criapua, Aust., 185. 
 
 excelaua, SuUiv., 100. 
 
 Floridanus, Sulliv., 185, 416. 
 
 Leanua, Sulliv., 79. 
 Emiei, Aust., 70. 
 
 Texanus, SuUiv., 185. 
 
 !^l/atfiiiiiiii, .Sihiiup., 51. 
 
 ei'l/throntcijiuin, Schitup., 62. 
 Si/atyUi'.„> mAuclinuidCtH, ilorusch., 
 100. 
 
 Tayloria, Hook., 100. 
 
 8(>rrata, Bruch A; Schimp., 191. 
 8plui*liuoi*leK, Hook., 101. 
 teiniis, .Scliiiiip., lUl. 
 Tktuaimiii>k.k, IHO. 
 Tetrapliis, Hedw., ISO. 
 
 geiiiculatu, (iii^eiiH., 187. 
 pelliicida, Hetlw., 180, 410. 
 rcpanda, Fuiicke, 187. 
 Tctraitlodon, Bruch & Scliiinp., 
 
 101. 
 an^iistatus, Br'icli & Schluip., 
 
 102. 
 australis, Sulliv. & Lesq., 102, 
 
 418. 
 nmioides, Bruch & Schiiiip., 
 
 102. 
 urceolatus, Bruch & Schiuip., 
 
 103. 
 Tetrodontium, Schwaegr., 187. 
 repauduiii, Schwaegr., 187. 
 Thauuuuni, 301. 
 Thuiiminin, Schiuip., 302. 
 
 Alley htinhnHv, Bruch & 
 
 Schinii)., 302. 
 neckeroidea, Bruch «& ScUiiup., 
 
 302. 
 Thelia, Sulliv., 208. 
 
 asprella, Sulliv., 209. 
 hirtella, Sulliv., 200, 419. 
 Lescurii, Sulliv., 200. 
 robusta, Duby, 200. 
 Thuidium, 321. 
 Thuidinm, Schimp., .322. 
 
 abicthunn, Bruch & Schimp.i 
 
 320. 
 CEHtii'um, Aust., 323. 
 Alleul, Aust., 327. 
 Jbldndocii, Bruch & Schimp., 
 
 327. 
 delicutulum, Bruch & Schimp., 
 
 325. 
 delicatulum. Mitt., 326. 
 erectiini, Duby, 323. 
 yracile, Bruch & Schimp., 324. 
 leifconeiirum, Lesq., 328. 
 ininutiilum, Bruch «b Schimp., 
 
 322. 
 pyrimoeiim, Bruch & Schimp., 
 
 322. 
 recoynitum, Lindb., 326. 
 acitum, Aust., 323. 
 tamarisc{foltnin, Lindb., 325. 
 tamariacinum, Bruch & 
 
 Schiuip., 325. 
 Virginianum, Lindb., 324. 
 
I: 
 
 11 
 
 m- 
 
 446 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 iaiMi''«ii 
 
 Iv'i .1 
 
 Tiiiiinia, Iludw., 254. 
 
 Aiistrinca, Iludw., 2r>fi. 
 
 cnrnllata, Michx.. 255. 
 
 inegapolitanu, iledvv., 254, 417. 
 TiMMIK.K, 254. 
 Tortulii nnihlijuu, Au^aU'., 110. 
 
 atrovlreiiH, Lindb., li:i. 
 
 brenlrosi 3, lluuk. Jk Giev., 
 115. 
 
 cwHititosn, Hook. «fe (irov., 118. 
 
 concolutd, Kclirad., 127. 
 
 crasHlnerciH, Ih^Not., 117. 
 
 cuncifoUii, Uotli, 117. 
 
 cylhulrit'it, Liiidb., 125. 
 
 Donncllil, Aiwt., 128. 
 
 frayUls, Wils., i:{0. 
 
 gracilis, Schltdcli., 127. 
 
 humllla, Urid., 12i). 
 
 imherhlH, .Smith, 121. 
 
 inermlH, Mont., l;il. 
 
 iuaiihire, DeXot., 125. 
 
 l(£vl(>il(l, .SpllWiU'!,'!'., 182. 
 
 latijollii, llartiii., i:32. 
 
 Lanrerl, Lindb., 115. 
 
 mar>flti(U<t, Spruce, 118. 
 
 niembrauifoUa, liook., 116. 
 
 miicronijolia, Schwaegr., 131. 
 
 uiuralls, lledw., 119. 
 
 ohtuaifoUit, Schleicli., 114. 
 
 piiplllom, \Vil8., IJUJ. 
 
 prlnceps, UeNot., 183. 
 
 recnrvij'ulid, Herk., 122. 
 
 rigidida, Lindb., 123. 
 
 rumlift, Elirh., 132. 
 
 squnmlifern, UeXot., 116. 
 
 8tellata, Lindb., 110. 
 
 suberecta, Hook. & Wils., 115. 
 
 sxibuUita, lledw., 131. 
 
 aiihiilata, var., 131. 
 
 tortuoHO, Ehiii., 129. 
 
 uiujnicnlata, Koth, 120. 
 
 VahlUma, Wils., 117. 
 
 vlnealis. Spruce, 124. 
 Trachypus nigresceiia, Mitt., 247. 
 Treniatodon, Michx., 02. 
 
 anibiguuni, Hornsch., 6.3. 
 
 longicollis, Michx., 03, 416. 
 
 longicollia, Sulliv. & Lesq., 63. 
 Trichodon, Schiuip., 92. 
 
 cylindricu3, Schiuip., 93. 
 Trichostoinuin, Sudth, 108. 
 
 CBruginosum, Lindb., 53. 
 
 anoinahim, Schimp., 110. 
 
 calcaream, L'''db., 53. 
 
 Canadense, Michx., 161. 
 
 canescena, Hedw., 151. 
 
 cernmim, Lindb., 114. 
 
 Coloradense, Aust., 411. 
 
 convolntum, Brid., 11.3. 
 
 craaainerve, Hainpe, 110. 
 
 crispulum, Bruch, 109. 
 
 Trlc/ioatomumcyllndrlcum,Utidir.. 
 
 93. 
 faHclcuture, Srljrad., 150. 
 flavo-virens. Hnich, I()9. 
 JieJlcaule, Bruch & Schimp., 
 
 107. 
 flexiiMifl, Bruch iV .Schimp., 110. 
 fvntiuidoidfH, lledw., i;l4. 
 glauct'uvciiM, lledw.. 1U8. 
 Giteplnl, Mucll., 114. 
 heteroinullitiii, Bruch & 
 
 Schimp., 10". 
 hetcroatirtittin, jlcdw., 150. 
 lauuijinuauin, Hodvv., 151. 
 lilt iJ'oUii III, Schwao>;r., 111. 
 Lanreri, Schullz, 1 15. 
 liirlduiii, .Spruce, 10.5. 
 mU'rnaivpuiii, Funcke, 149. 
 noduUiHiiiii, .\ust., 100. 
 obliqimin, Muell., 115. 
 palUdniii, lledw., 107. 
 patens, Schwaegr., 147. 
 puaillniii, Hedw., 100. 
 piiaillnni, var., 100. 
 pyri forme, LeH(|. & .lames, 109. 
 rigididniii, Smilli, 123. 
 rubelluin, Bahenh., 104. 
 sritulum, Au«t., 94. 
 
 letivuin, Funcke, 149. 
 iSi/stillum, Muell., 111. 
 tenue, Hedw., 10<<. 
 teniiiroatre, Lindb., 105. 
 topliaceuui, Brid., 109, 
 torti'c, Schrad., 106. 
 tortile, var., 106. 
 vagindiis, Sulliv., 100. 
 Trlpterocladium, 330. 
 
 Ulota, Mohr, 100. 
 
 Americana, Mitt., 162. 
 Barclay!, Mitt., 104. 
 Bruchii, Hornsch., 162. 
 crispa, Brid., 102. 
 crispula, Brid., 163. 
 curvifolia, Brid., 161. 
 Drummondii, Brid., 161. 
 Hutchinsiie, Schimp., 163, 417. 
 intermedia, S(;himp., 102. 
 Ludwigil, Brid., 161. 
 phyllantha, Brid., 163. 
 
 Webera, Hedw., 215. 
 
 acuminata, Schimp., 216. 
 albicans, Schimp., 222. 
 annotina, Schwaegr., 219. 
 Bigelovii, Lesq. & James, 223. 
 Bolanderi, Lesq. & James, 220. 
 carnea, Schimp., 221. 
 commutata, Schimp., 220. 
 cruda, Schimp., 218. 
 cucuUata, Schimp., 218. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 447 
 
 Wtibera Druinniondii, Lesq. A 
 
 Janu!H, 2 It). 
 eluiiKutu, Scliwnc^r., 'JIO. 
 iiUrnnrdiit, Scliwairyr., 2"J8. 
 Luscurlaim, Lusii. t!ie Juiuos, 
 
 221. 
 loni{l('ullii, Ht'dw., 217. 
 niulicaulis, L(!s<|. & Juiucs, 220. 
 nutans, llfdw., 217. 
 pulchellii, Sflilinp., 222. 
 pyriJ'oniiiH, ll«*tlw., 2ir». 
 !Sciiliii(HM-i, Schliup., 219. 
 aeHHilis, Miitll)., 2((7. 
 splmfjiiicola, Schlinp., 210. 
 Tozeri, Schiiiii)., 222. 
 Weisla, lltidw., 5.'j. 
 acuta, ll)ulw., U8. 
 Jirantlfi/ei, Aust., 56. 
 calcarcd, licdw., W7. 
 clrrhata, lltidw., 58. 
 controverna, lledw., 56. 
 ctiHjtula, lludw., 57. 
 ciirrh'oHtriH, Auct., UH. 
 cylindrint, iiriich, lt)5. 
 denticuftita, Brid., 5U. 
 fuyax, Hedw., r*U. 
 yyiuuoHtoinohlcH, Nees & 
 
 llornsfli., 5(J. 
 lati/olla, Sciiwaegr., 103. 
 luivjipeH, Somincrf., (Ki. 
 loiigl»4?ta, Lnsq. & James, 66. 
 microdonta, Iledw., 5(5. 
 ''nicroatoina, Nees & Ilornsch., 
 
 56. 
 nigrita, Ilodw., 211. 
 pimlla, Iledw., \H\. 
 recurvirostris, Auct., 104. 
 
 WciHia SchiHtl, Ililtl., 60. 
 
 S<li,j,;i, Hook. & WIU., U7. 
 atrntl'itii, h'uurkv., 5H. 
 HIiliii-hiioidiH, Scliwarpr., 100. 
 Stilfh-viinii, llrdw,, Mi. 
 tiniilnjuti-itt, Hook. & Toy!., 
 
 10.*). 
 
 tcniiiH, Mufll., .'>4. 
 
 tristirhii, llild., 07. 
 
 tnrhinntii, Dniniiii., IIM). 
 
 viridiil.!, Ki'id., 55, 415. 
 
 ririiliihi, var.. 56. 
 
 Wolfll, i.t'Mii. fSc .Jainos, 57. 
 Wkisii;.k, 51. 
 W'cinnlii, Khrli., 1)U. 
 
 Anirririitni, liiiidb., 1(U. 
 
 Jtnirliii, Liiiill*.. 1(12. 
 
 coitrcfdiii, I.iiidl)., 1(11. 
 
 crtHiiiilii, I.liidh., |(l:t. 
 
 ciin-ij'oliti, liiiull)., 1(12. 
 
 Dntiiimniiilii, I.liidl)., 1((1 
 
 iuriin'<i, SrhwiU'tiv., 157. 
 
 j)hl/llmith(i, Linilb., 16:!. 
 
 Tiinjilvliini, liook., 2()0. 
 
 ulojilii/ltii, Khrli., 162. 
 
 Zierla, Sclilmp., 240. 
 
 dciiiissii, Sriiiuii)., 240. 
 
 jtdact'u, Scliiinp., 240. 
 Zyyodon CtdiJ'ornicut, Ilainpe, 159. 
 
 Liii>i)unicua, Urucli A Scliimp., 
 159. 
 
 MotnicntH, Uruch «& Schiuip., 
 150. 
 
 Sidlh-autii, MuoU., 159. 
 
 turquatus, Liebiu., 140, 
 
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