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Les diagrammes suivants iliustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 <•■ '5 I \- ^^ll ■•■■« ^ THE FASHIONABLE DEIYE -)AT(- ^ "'"" his r-*-^vt/z^-o ♦ o i^ T/h'u-r-^ "The Cedar island and Grand Rapids Drive" — TO — AND THB GROSSING TWO MAONIFIOENT Wire Suspension Bridges AND THREE OTHER BRIDGES. ^'^y Admits through the -whole Drive, over all the Bridges, and into the Burning Spring. .€■•;; „ bON'T FAIL TO SEE THE See description on page 137 of this book. [YE v._ »» ds Drive AWi^ Ic^N^ yJS^CCCftC**- ridges s, over all g Spring. :e book. CHISHOLM'S ALL-ROUND ROUTE AND Panoramic Guide OF THE ST. LAWRENCE; HUDSON RIVER ; SARATOGA ; TRENTON FALLS ; NIAGARA ; TORONTO } THOUSAND ISLANDS, AND THE RIVER ST. LAWRENCE ; OTTAWA ; » MONTREAL ; QUEBEC ; THE LOWER ST. LAWRENCE AND SAGUENAY RIVERS; THE WHITE MOUNTAINS ; PORTLAND ; BOSTON ; NEW YORK, —AND — WESTERN TOURISTS GUIDE TO THE WEST, EMBRACING Detroit, Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul, Minneapolis, &c. CHICAGO, III., and MONTREAL, P. Q : O. R. OmsHOLM & Co., Head OHlce, 190 Bonaventure St., Montreal, Publishers^ Booksellers and General Railway News Agents. \ BRANCHBS AT BOSTON, Mass. ; PORTLAND. Ms. ; DETROIT, Mich.; TORONTO, Omt.j .\ AND CHICAGO. III.. IN pNNEOTION WITH THE CHICAGO NEWS CO., CHICAGO. Ilu. and / DOMINION NEWS CO., MONTREAL. Erjsred according to Act of Parliament, in the year one tfaomand eight jhnndred and eighty-one. by COLIN R. CHISHOLM, in the Office of the r Minister of Agrioolture and Statistics of the DoaunkHk of Canada. S 753 ADVERTISEMENTS. THE -:-o**^e,ii!gr^. -«»^£- -' •..:^L^y& ii AMERICAN" BOSTOXr. CENTRAL LOCATION. PERFECT VENTILATION. UNEXCEPTIONABLE TABLE. Partictdarly Desirable for Tourists THE NEAREST FIRST-CLASS HOTEL TO NORTHERN AND EASTERN DEPOTS. LEWIS BICE & SON, HANOVER ST., Near Washington St. d'o? ^70 I INTRODUCTION. The publishers of this well known Tourists' Guide have no apology to offer their many patrons in presenting to the traveling public a new, complete and revised edition of their Guide, which has been estab- lished for the past twelve years. They feel that this splendid edition will supply a want that has long been felt. The present edition will contain a quantity of new subject matter which has been prepared expressly for it. The Guide in its new form not only describes all the famous pleasure and summer resorts of the East, but shows how to reach them by the most popular routes, either by rail or water, and furnishes to the tourist reliable and authentic descriptions of them. The reader will also find a full and complete description of Chicago, with many 'new and beautiful illustrations of the Queen City of the Lakes, from its earliest settlement down to the present time, and of all points of interest to the traveler on the route to St. Paul and Minneapolis, as well as an account of these flourishing cities. Last year's edition of the All Round Eoute and Panoramic Guide of the St. Lawrence, and Western Tourists' Guide, in its new form, has far exceeded in its success the most sanguine anticipation of the proprietors, and they feel that their desire to publish INTRODUCTION, such a book as would meet the requirements of the American traveler in making the popular tours described therein, has been fully appreciated. They feel certain that the present edition will prove even more useful and attractive than all previous ones, advantage having been taken of suggestions made in regard to alterations, additions and improvements. The work is profusely illustrated, and furnished with maps of the various routes. It also gives the distances from point to point, full descriptions of lakes, rivers, mountains and everything of a picturesque nature that will attract the attention of the traveler. All the information given is the result of actual travel over the routes and to the points described, and particular care has been taken to collect information r>?specting the various railway and steamboat lines that w 1 be of value to the tourist, and neither time, money nor labor has been spared to make the volume reliable in every particular. The Guide will undergo a thorough annual revision, and the publishers will be thankful for any corrections or additinos that may be suggested. .^^.. CHISHOLM'S ALL-ROUND ROUTE P AND ANORAMIC G UIDE OF THE RIVER ST. LAWRENCE, AND Western Tourist's Guide. THE HUDSON RIVER. jROBABLY no other river in the world presents so great a variety of views as the Hudson. »(«*• Throughout its whole extent there is a combina- tion of the finest views, and each turn in its course reveals fresh pictures which serve to illustrate some of the best scenery of the Old World. Some travelers have pronounced the Hudson grander than the Rhine. Certainly the unprejudiced opinion of tourists will agree with that of Thackeray, who has given to this noble river the verdict of Beauty. The distance from New York to Albany is 1 50 miles, and to Saratoga, the most fashionable watering-place in America, about 180 miles. Several routes present themselves to the tourist In order to better view the I 6 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide* scenery, it is necessary that the trip up the grand old Hudson be taken by dayh'ght, and we take pleasure in recommending to the notice of our readers the splendid pa H H 09 steamers of the several lines which present themselves to the tourist's consideration, commencing with The Day -' ! Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 7 Line to Albany, comprising the elegant steamers " Albany," lately built by the line, and the " Chauncey Vibbard," which has recently been remodelled. These steamers are indeed floating palaces ; for the construction and appointments of the vessels, and the luxurious fittings of the saloons, are not surpassed by any other line of boats on the continent. The "Albany," built of iron in 1880, is the latest addition to the line, and is all that skill, experience and money can make her. These steamers are sister boats, and have three boilers below deck, each with a separate smoke stack, being the first steamers ever constructed in this manner. The dining-saloons are on the main deck, and everything is so arranged that passengers can enjoy every comfort. Leaving New York daily, except Sun- day, these steamers make all the important landings along the Hudson River, arriving in Albany in the evening in time to make direct connection with all trains north and west. During the Saratoga season a special day boat express is run between Albany and Saratoga, making direct connection with the boats. THE PALATIAL STEAMERS OF THE PEOPLE'S LINE. The only thoroughly comfortable and enjoyable way of traveling between New York City and Albany during the summer and fall months is by sLeamboat on the Hudson — the Rhine of America. The picturesque scenery of the Hudson, with its palisades, high-lands, and ever changing panorama of beautiful sights has made traveling by steamboat, between the Capitol and the Metropolis, the popular route. The advantages of traveling by steamboat over a ride by rail are numerous. ■rt I: 8 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. By the former way pure, fresh air and comfort are enjoyed, and dust, cinders, heated cars, and over-crowd- ing are avoided. Nowhere in the world are there such palatial steamboats employed in the passenger traffic as sail upon the waters of the Hudson. The majestic steamers of the People's Line, including the famous " Drew," " St. John," and " Dean Richmond," as an extra boat, are undoubtedly the most popular passenger vessels plying the Hudson. The " Drew " is a magnifi- <:ent steamer, and is the pride of the fleet of the People's Line. Her dimensions are as follows : Length over all, 400 feet ; width of hull, 48 feet ; width over the guards, 84 feet ; depth of hold, 10 feet ; draft of water, 7 feet. She is propelled by an engine of 82 inch cylinder, 15 feet stroke, carrying from 20 to 25 pounds of steam. "The "Drew" is of 2,500 tons burden, and has sleeping accommodations for nearly one thousand passengers ; though, as far as safety is con- cerned she can carry twice that number. In addition to the spacious cabins there are 284 state rooms, arranged in double tiers, sumptuously furnished with fur- niture of the most elaborate description, and lighted with gas. The grand saloon is superbly furnished, brilliantly lighted, glittering with mirrors and adorned with works of art, presenting a picture of refined and unequalled luxury. The appointments are made with the sole aim to make this river-palace comfortable in every respect, and a journey up and down the river thoroughly enjoy- able, and it must be admitted that there is no room to make any improvements. What is true of the " Drew " applies with equal force to her sister steamboats. These vessels possess remarkable speed, and they frequently Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 9 •I, 'make a trip between Albany and New York, a distance of one hundred and fifty miles, in nine hours. These magnificent steamers leave New York daily, from foot of Canal street, Sundays excepted, at 6 p.m. and pass the beautiful scenery of the Palisades before dark, arriving at •Albany at 6 a.m., in time to connect with trains north iand west. The Citizens' Steamboat Company of Troy leave New York from Pier 49, foot of Leroy street, daily, Saturdays excepted, at 6 p. m. This line comprises the new and swift steamers "Saratoga" and "City of Troy," which arrive in Troy the following morning, in time to connect with through trains north. On the Sunday-night trip the Troy boats stop at Albany to leave and take on passengers, the two lines thus forming a daily Hne between New York and Albany. These three lines of steamboats have as fine, if not the finest equipment of any river transportation company in the world, which, with courteous attendance, makes them Favorite modes of travel with the traveling public The New York Central and Hudson River Railroad, leavij^g Grand Central Depot, New York, corner of Forth-second Street and Fourth Avenue, affords another route up the Hudson. The trip by rail can be made in five and one-half hours. During the season, special Saratoga expresses, composed of through Wagner drawing-room cars, leave New York twice daily, excepting Sundays. These, in addition to the numerous other trains, afford a frequent, speedy, and pleasant trip to the great watering-place, Saratoga. " &• vl \tti 1 I 10 All-Romtd Route and Panoramic Guide, 'X\ I ! POINTS OF INTEREST ALONG THE ROUTE. Leaving New York by either of the popular lines pre- viously mentioned, the steamer, the first twelve miles of our upward journey, skirts along the Island of Manhat- tan, upon which the city of New York is built. One of the first objects of interest we see on the right hand, is the handsome stone edifice of the New York Orphan Asylum, where nearly 200 children of both sexes are clothed, fed, taught, and ultimately assisted to find respectable employment. The happy and contented looks of these poor children are, perhaps, the most satis- factory proofs of the success of this inestimable institu- tion, which, founded in 1 806, by several benevolent ladies, has gradually progressed until it now occupies the stately and comfortable house whose gardens stretch down to> the very edge of the water. On the opposite side of the river, we pass by the yet picturesque villages of Hoboken and Weehawken. We S2iY yet picturesque, as their close proximity to that great city which is daily traveling onwards would make one imagine that the villas and street palaces of its merchants; would mar their rural beauty ; but thffe is not so. How long this state of things may remain it is impossible to» conjecture, as large beer saloons, pleasure gardens, and restaurants are daily being erected here. Just above Manhattanville, a small village, and one of the suburbs of New York, chiefly occupied by the poorer classes of people, is Trinity Cemetery, where, among many others, lie the remains of Audubon, the celebrated naturalist, whose name has been given to a small village, of about twenty or thirty acres, where he used to live, but which, since his death, has been cut All-Round Route and ramie Guide, ir up into building lots, and still retains the aristocratic name of Audubon Park. Just beyond this park, a large building, surmounted by a cupola, and having a tower at the south-west angle, may be descried among the trees. This is the New York Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, incorporated 1817, which is probably unequalled by any similar establishment in America. It stands in its own grounds of thirty-seven acres, and the terrace upon which the buildings (five in number, arranged in a quadrangle) are erected, is one hundred and thirty feet above the river. This institution alone accommodates four hundred and fifty patients, and is only one instance of the open-handed liberality and discriminating fore- sight of those in the State of New York, who do their best to alleviate distress in whatever form it may appear among their fellow creatures. We here approach, on the same side, Fort Washing- ton, or Washington Heights, as it is sometimes, and per- haps more appropriately called. The residence of the late James Gordon Bennet is built near the site of the Old Fort. The ground is from five to six hundred feet above the river, and the view from this /«pot is exceed- ingly fine, the eye being able to trace the windings of the Hudson River northward for many miles, whilst southward the great city we have just left, with its suburbs of Brooklyn and Jersey City, can be plainly seen>. though ten miles off. We now leave the Island of Manhattan behind us, having by this time passed abreast of the Spuyten Duyvil Creek, which separates the Island from the rest of the State of New Yord. The Hudson River Rail- road crosses the creek by a long bridge laid upon piles,. ■■if,: 12 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, * . and a station called after the name of the inlet, is immediately on the other side of the bridge. On the opposite shore of the river that singularly beautiful for- mation of rock called " The Palisades," commences. From the summit of the Palisades a magnificent view is obtained. High up upon the crest of the great escarpnient, one may stand, and look far away into the west, and see the most glorious sunsets that ever changed the sky to gold or fire. To the north lie the highlands we are soon to pass, stretched out in the noblest panorama for our view, and to the south the river flows on in a broader stream, until on the eastern side the City of New York begins, and the stream changes its aspect, and passes between the crowded shores that send out across it the noisy thunder of their busy life ; and palisades, and rocky hills, and long reaches of still stream, and green pleasant banks, make a sudden end as the Hudson sweeps grandly and quietly down to the sea. The Palisades were known to the early settlers as the Great Chip Rock. These rocks are from three to six hundred feet high, and present the same bold front to the river that the celebrated Giant's Causeway does to the ocean. They extend abont 1 5 miles from Fort Lee to the hills of Rockland county, and form a separating line between the valley of the Hudson and that of the Hackensack, and such an effectual barrier do they pre- sent, that the Hackensack River flows side by side with the Hudson, but at a higher level, for thirty miles, and at a distance of within two or three hundred yards. The rock is that known as the Basaltic trap rock, one of the oldest geological formations. About two miles and a half above Spuyten Duyvil, the Ail-Round Itoute and Panoramic Guide, 15 tourist will perceive a handsome stone castellated build-^ ing. This was erected by Mr. Edwin Forrest, the emi- nent tragedian, as a residence, and is called Fonthill. It has now changed hands, and is a portion of the building belonging to the Convent and Academy of Mount St. Vincent, as the surrounding neighborhood is called, hav- ing a station on the Hudson River Railway. Two miles higher up, we come to the flourishing village of Yonkers. Near the river stands an old building, a portion of which was erected in 1682 as a manor house, in which may be seen a curious fire-place, formed of tiles illustrating Scrip- ture subjects, 100 in all, and still retaining their fresh appearance. The whole interior of the building serves to- mark the quaint, yet tasteful style of house decoration in early times. This building (with additions) is now used as a town hall. Near the village, the little Sawmill River runs into the Hudson. The whole valley through which the Sawmill River runs is very beautiful, and the angler will find the stream well stocked with fish. Four miles more steaming through a strikingly pic- turesque country, brings us to Hastings and Dobb's Ferry, at both of which places the railroad, which runs along the river, has stations. The division between the States of New Jersey and New York strikes the river on the left bank, just opposite Dobb's Ferry, and henceforth our journey is entirely through the State of New York. At this point the Palisades may be said to end. We now approach a part of the river full of interesting associations to both the American and British nations,, for it was about Tarrytown and Tappan, on the opposite side of the river, during the American revolution, that Major Andr^, of the British Army was hanged as a spy,. «4 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, jii after having been made fully, acquainted with plans by which West Point could be seized by the British troops ; Arnold of Washington's Army, having turned traitor to his cause. Major Andr^, who to the last maintained a character for personal bravery, terminated his life as a spy, whilst Arnold, after doing his best to deliver his country into the hands of its enemies, escaped death by placing himself under the protection of the British flag. Major Andre's body, after lying interred near the scene of his sad fate for forty, years, was at last given over to his countrymen, and now finds a resting place among the great and the good men of Great Britain in Westmin- ster Abbey. The neighboring districts of Tarry town and Irvington are rich in associations of that greatest of American authors, Washington Irving. About half a mile above Irvington, on the right hand side of the river, may be seen, peeping through the bower of trees that nearly hides it from view, the charming stone cottage called " Sunnyside," the home of Washington Irving, and the place where most of his novels were written. The cot- tage was from time to time enlarged and improved, whenever Irving had the means to do it, and it has now become naturally one of the chief objects of interest in the neighborhood. Many other beautiful estates are to be seen around, and if time is a matter of no moment, we can well advise the traveler to stop here, and spend some hours. Half way between Irvington and Tarrytown, and quite close to the river, we pass by a conspicuous house of white marble, built by the late Mr. Philip Paulding, from the design of Mr. Davis, an architect of some merit. / Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 15 Another mile and a half brings us to Tarrytown, twenty- nine miles from New York, seeming to invite the tourist, with its white villas snugly perched on the hill-side, to tarry for a moment in the town. This vicinity possesses 1 6 All-Round Route and Panoramiic Gmd^,. much historic interest, being on the debatable ground of the Revolution, whence arose the two orders of border chivalry known as Cow-Boys and Skinners., Andr^ was here captured by Paulding, Van Wurt, and Williams, the American Militia-men. A monument; has been erected to commemorate the spot. Sleepy Hollow^ made famous by the writings of Washington Irving, is a short distance above the old brick-and-stone Dutch Church, said to be the oldest church in New York, having been built in 1699. The old bell still hangs in the tower, on whose pointed roof is an iron vane which bears the monogram of Frederick Philips, the founder of the church. At Sing Sing, the next station on the line, thirty-three miles from New York, the tourist may possibly exhibit, less anxiety to tarry, for, as is well known, it is the seat of the Mount Pleasant Prison, belonging to the State of New York, The village itself contains about seven thousand inhabitants, and is nearly two hundred feet, above the river. The prison is built near the river and presents a tine appearance ; that for males being on the lower stage, whilst the building for females is higher up, the slope. It has been completed since 1830, and can accommodate over 2,000 persons, the buildings having from time to time been increased as more room was, needed. Immediately opposite Sing Sing, the Rockland Lake Ice Company have their depot, and employ a large, number of men each winter to cut and store ice for the coming summer's consumption in New York. It is. curious to note that whereas New York i3 almost entirely supplied with ice from this neighborhood, it is also supplied with water from Croton Lake,, which is hard by.. Ail-Round Route atui Panoramic Guide, 17 Fifty to sixty million gallons of water are contributed by it daily, to supply New York with this necessary of life. The water is conveyed from this lake, which is chiefly formed by a long dam being built across it, through an aqueduct thirty-three miles long, right on to New York. The entire cost of this aqueduct was twelve million dollars. It is built of stone, brick, and cement, arched above and below, seven feet eight inches wide at the top, and six feet three inches at the bottom, the side walls being eight feet five inches high. A few more miles travelling takes us past the small village of Haverstraw, which gives its name to a lovely bay, and then past a limestone quarry, extending along the bank for more than half a mile, and two hundred feet in height, and which must prove, from the number of men we can see employed in it, a very profitable speculation. Two miles further on, on the western side of the river, is Grassy Point, a small village where bricks are made ; and again, one mile higher up, is Stony Point, where there is a redoubt of considerable extent, and another on the opposite side, at Verplank's Point, guarding the entrance of what is called the Lower Highlands. Three miles above Stony Point is Gibraltar, or Cald- well's Landing. Dunderberg Mountain raises its tower- ing head almost immediately in rear of this spot, Directly opposite is Peekskill, a thriving village of some five or six thousand inhabitants. The river here makes a sudden bend to the west This is called the Race, and the scenery from here for the next fifteen miles is unequalled in beauty. On the right we pass by a rocky promontory called Anthony's Nose, whilst on the left or western side, we have the Dunderberg Mountain already Ill i8 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, V ii'i I'l alluded to. Anthony's Nose is thirteen hundred feet above the surface of the river. The Hudson River Rail- way has had to tunnel under the bottom of this moun- tain for a distance of two hundred feet. On the opposite side of the river, a large creek can be seen, where vessels of almost any size could anchor. The entrance to this creek is guarded on one side by Fort Clinton, and on the other by Fort Montgomery ; the two so close to one another that rifle shots could be easily exchanged, Fort Montgomery being on the northern side, and Fort Clin- ton on the lower. Almost immediately under the shadow, as it were, of the former fort, lies the picturesque little island of lona, belonging to Dr. C. W. Grant, and covered in the summer time with vines and pear trees, in the suc- cessful culture of which the worthy Doctor is supposed to be unequalled. A little way above lona, and but half a mile below West Point, we come upon the Buttermilk Falls, caused by the flowing down of a small stream into the river below, and falling over the hill-side a hundred feet in as many yards. This fall, when increased by any late rains or swollen by freshets, well deserves the homely name by which it is known, the snow-white foam truly giving it the appearance of buttermilk. Half a mile further up brings us to " Cozzen's Hotel Dock " at West Point. Here the vessel on which we are traveling stops for a while to land passengers who are anxious to remain a day or so at Cozzen's comfortable hotel. This, during the summer season, is a very favor- ite resort, and much crowded ; travellers would do well to make use of the telegraph a day beforehand to be- speak accommodation, or they may find themselves dis- appointed on their arrival. Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 19 This familiar resort of summer pleasure-seekers is perched high on a cliff, the most prominent for many miles along the river. Nothing could be more picturesque than its situation, high up in the air, looking down upon the I ■'i-'-i I 20 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide* noble river. It is several hundred feet above the water, but so perpendicular are the rocks that it looks twice the real distance. The view of the old building upon the wharf, with the beetling cliff rising abruptly from the river, and crowned by the elegant structure above, needs but little imagination to recall the scenery on many parts of the Rhine. One mile more brings us to West Point itself, the most lovely of all the lovely spots on the river. It is well known as the great Military Academy, and is situated on a plateau two hundred feet above the river. It was established by Act of Congress, in 1 802, and has usually about three hundred cadets. The buildings, many of them, are elegant. Near the abrupt northern level of the river is a monument, erected by the students of 1828, inscribed " KOSCIUSKO." A bronze statue of General John Sedgwick is erected on the parade-ground. He was buried in Cornwall, Connecticut, and the statue and tablet to his memory stand in the town of Cornwall, New York. Space will not enable us to enter fully into a descrip- tion of the course of instruction pursued ; suffice it to say that the fact of a young man having passed through the course is a clear proof of his being an officer, and a gentle- man in its broadest sense. The traveler may well pass a few hours in this locality, and if he should happen to be acquainted with any of the professors, or cadets in the Military College, he will be enabled to go over the build- ings, different galleries, &c., and judge for himself as to whether the instruction and discipline kept up are not likely to produce some of the finest military men — soldiers that any European nation might be proud of. All-Rotmd Route and Pamramic Guide. 21 West Point is the centre of a host of reminiscenes of the War of the Revolution. Upon its defence, was concen- trated the attention and efforts of Congress, and it became one of the most important military posts in the country. Here from Gee's Point, was stretched across the River Hudson a huge chain to stop the passage of vessels above this point It was laid across a boom of heavy logs, that floated close together. These were i6 feet long, and pointed at each end, so as to offer little resistance to the tidal current The chain was fastened to these logs by staples, and at each shore by huge blocks of wood and stone, Several of the great links of this chain are preserved at the Point Reluctantly we must draw ourselves away from West Point, and allow our steamer to plough her way once more along the flowing current, and between the shady and overhanging cliffs which give so much character to the scene at this spot A very few revolutions of the wheel will bring us between the Boterberg Mountain on the western side, and the rock called Breakneck, on the eastern bank, forming an imposing entrance to New- burg Bay, from which a series of mountains, hills and cliffs rise in succession, until they seem almost to shut out all remaining nature, and to give the idea that one is at the bottom of a large basin from which there is no possible exit Crownest is the principal of these moun- tains, rising almost directly from the river bank to a height of nearly one thousand five hundred feet As the side of this mountain is entirely covered with foliage, the aspect of it in the summer time is most beautiful, and only to be exceeded by the coup cCoeil in the commencement of October, when the fall tints are in their richest and most It ' Til*-, .>'?"'■ J I mi 22 All-Romid Route and Panoramic Guide, luxuriant profusion. Soon after passing between the two rocks, we come to a small town called Cornwall, on the western shore. This is a place of very general resort in summer, and is much noted for its many pleasant drives and walks. Its nearness to the river, and to West Point, makes it a very favorite place for travelers to spend a few days, whilst many stay here a very much longer time during the v/arm weather. The Linden-Park Hotel is nicely kept, and well patronized. Idlewild, well-known as the residence of the late N. P. Willis, is a little north of the village. Opposite is Cold Spring, fifty-three miles from New York. Here is Undercliff, the beautiful home of Geo. P. Morris. Above this is Bull Hill, now called Mount Taurus, 1,586 feet high. Beacon Hill, 1,685 feet high, is the last of the Highlands; and when we consider the points of history, poetry and beauty blended together, we can assume that this fifty miles of scenery is unequalled by any in the world. Between Cornwall and Newburg lies the once pros- perous, but now sadly decayed, settlement of New Windsor. It is now almost entirely a collection of small houses in great want of repair. On the shore, but higher above it on the plateau, one can discover several large farms with comfortable houses, giving the idea that if there is decay below, there is prosperity above. Leaving the tumble-down village either to be repaired, or to fall into still greater decay, we will approach the more flourishing town of Newburg, where the steamer stops for a few minutes to discharge some of its passen- gers, and to take up others, and we will employ these few minutes in viewing the substantial streets and houses of All-Rotind Route and Panoramic Guide, 23 the town, which, by the by, we should have designated a city, seeing that it boasts of a mayor and corporation of its own. The first settlement at Newburg was made as early as 1 709 by some emigrants from the Palatinate ; since then, English, Irish, Welsh, Scotch and Germans have followed their example ; but of all these varied nationalities the Scotch have, perhaps, done the most towards making the place what it is. Among the large buildings is an extensive flannel factory, in which a very large number of hands are daily employed. !■ ' a 'J ■"• . #1 ■■■' f'i ^. ^1 *i'v'.i! <'• l.-i 24 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, Exactly opposite Newburg, is the more modest-look- ing village of Fishkill Landing, from which place, any traveller anxious to ascend the South Beacon hill, can do so with the assistance of any of the boy guides to be picked up in the streets of the village ; and let us tell the traveller that he had better avail himself of our advice, and take a guide, or before he reaches the top he may have repented of not having done so, as it is quite easy to lose oneself in the numerous gorges and ravines that are about the summit of the Beacon. As this is one of the highest mountains about here, the view from the top is most extensive and interesting. Far up to the north the Catskill Mountains can be discerned, while to the east the Shawangunk hills are to be seen. South- wards, again, Boterberg and Breakneck, already seen, guard the pass through which the river running at our feet finds its way down to the sea. But it is time that we should descend from our lofty position, and go on our way up the river. A broad, rocky platform, jutting out into the river, can- not fail to attract the traveler's attention. This is called the " Devil's Danskammer," -or Dancing Chamber, and, down to a comparatively late date, was used by the Indians as the scene of some of their religious ceremonies. For about the next five miles, we steam on through a pretty country, though without finding anything striking enough to draw attention, until we pass the little village of New Hamburg, lying at the mouth of Wappinger Creek, which is navigable for some distance up. The railroad crosses the Wappinger by a causeway and draw- bridge, and then pierces a promontory jutting out into the river, by a tunnel about eight hundred feet long. Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 25 New Hamburg is a pretty little village, but nothing more. About a mile higher up, and on the opposite side of the river, is another village called Hampton ; then comes Marlborough, two miles higher up still, with Barnegat nearly opposite, on the right hand side, and again Milton Landing two miles more, on the left hand side. As these villages lie mostly on the high banks of the river, there is not much to be seen of them from the boats, but they act as outlets or ports to the country districts lying behind them; and, judging from the numerous comfortable-looking country-houses in their immediate neighborhood, must be tolerably thriving. As already stated, these villages are hardly important enough to require mention, but we now approach a city of some twenty-five thousand inhabitants, rejoicing in the peculiar name of Poughkeepsie. As we near this point we pass Locust Grove, the summer home of the late Professor Morse, of "telegraph fame." Pough- keepsie is nearly half-way between New York and Albany, being seventy-five miles from the former, and about seventy from the capital of the State through which we are passing. This " rural city," as an Ameri- can writer has termed it, lies pleasantly upon its group of hills, and overlooks a bright river-view. By day the smoke of its busy mills and factories somewhat mars the scene, but as night draws on, these light up the river like beacons, and the sound of the ponderous machinery and roaring furnaces greets our ears and tells of the energy of the citizens. It was originally settled by the Dutch, towards the close of the seventeenth century, and is situated, like most of their river cities, at the mouth of a tributary stream or creek. The village, as it was then, m 1»1 m m .'^ L ."■'Ni-i' i '^fc- 26 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, has much extended, and now occupies the large open plain, about two hundred feet above the river. The streets are broad, handsome, and well planted with trees, affording in summer grateful shelter from the piercing rays of the sun. Poughkeepsie is best known for the very excellent schools and colleges which it contains. Among the many public institutions located here may be mentioned Eastman's Business University; Vassar College, the munificent gift of Matthew Vassar ; the Riverview Mili- tary Academy, Poughkeepsie Military Academy, Pough- keepsie Female Academy, Cottage Hill Ladies' Seminary, Collegiate Institute for Young Ladies. The State Hospital for the Insane will, when completed, accommodate four hundred patients. It is open for the admission of acute cases of both sexes. The drive to Hyde Park, five miles north, is one of the finest on the Hudson. The State Legislature met here in 1777 and 1778; and the State Convention which ratified the Federal Constitution met here in 1788. An ancient stone structure, with loopholes, built in 1705, and known as the Van Kleck house, is an object of curiosity to the antiquarian. Six miles above Poughkeepsie, after a sudden bend in the river, we come upon some rocky and precipitous banks. This used to be called by the original settlers "Krom Elleboge," but has since been Anglicised into "Crum Elbow." Quite close to this, only higher up the river, stands the village of Hyde Park, called after a former Governor of the State of New York, Sir Edward Hyde, who, we regret to say, did not leave a very satis- factory reputation behind him ; his tyrannical and unprincipled conduct being well known to all who have studied the history of New York when under British rule. All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 27 Rhinebeck Landing lies about two miles away from the village of the same name, which was first settled by one William Beekman, a German, who came from the neighborhood of the Rhine, and called the place partly in honor of his birthplace and partly after himself. Imme- diately opposite Rhinebeck Landing, across the river, is Rondout; and Kingston, a quiet little village, which was burnt by the British in October, 1777. The Delaware and Hudson Canal, built in 1828, terminates here. Its coal business makes this one of the most active business places on the Hudson. The canal is one hundred and nine miles long, and extends to the Lackawaxen River in Pennsylvania. Above here, may be seen Rokeby, the estate of the late William B. Astor. Next above, is Montgomery Place, built by the widow of Gen. Montgomery, who fell in the assault on Quebec, in 1775 ; and now owned by her brother, Edward Livingston. Two miles above is Crugers Island, of great natural beauty and cultivation. Between this and Hudson, fifteen miles off, we come upon a number of large substantially built, and handsome country-houses, with lawns of smooth turf stretching down towards the river, and an air of luxury and wealth pervading the whole estates. Six miles above Rhinebeck is Barrytown, and four miles above Barrytown is Tivoli, each of them possessing a station on the railroad, though, like many of the other villages we have had a glance at, small and unpretentious, having, however, possibly a vast idea of their own im- portance, as a great deal of the farm and garden produce of these villages is sent up to supply the wants of Fifth Avenue, and other districts of the great city. Opposite ! M i" ' " •'i"'J 98 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, ¥ m Tivoli, on the western bank of the river, stands a flourish- ing little village called Saugerties, it the mouth of the Esopus Creek. This little place boasts manufactories of iron, paper, and white lead, and a fine flagstone quarry. Two miles from Saugerties, we pass Maiden, which lies backed by the Catskill Mountains, and about ten miles on we come to the large village of CATSKILL, one hundred and eleven miles from New York. It takes its name from the large creek which flows through it Sept. 20, 1609, Hendrick Hudson anchored "The Half- Moon" here. ' Passengers from New York by railroad, who wish to ascend the mountains must alight at Catskill Station, and cross by ferry to the village, and we sincerely recom- mend our travellers to avail themselves of this trip. They will find plenty of omnibusses and stages to take them to the Mountain House, and the Clove, about twelve miles off". We shall not attempt to describe the scenery, which, at this point, must be seen to be appreciated. The Mountain House is traditionally attractive ; its elevation above the Hudson is twenty-two hundred feet, and it is built on a flat rock on the very edge of a precipice nearly 4,000 feet above the river ! The view from the piazza is truly wonderful It is of a most extensive character, embracing a region gf about ten thousand square miles in extent, portions even of Vermont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut being, on a fine day, plainly visible, whilst at least sixty miles of the Hudson River can be seen shining like a broad silver belt at our feet The sunrise and a thunder storm are especial attractions at the Mountain House. All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide^ 29 The Prospect Park Hotel is situated on a terrace, which comprises seventeen acres, elevated some two hundred feet above the river. The main building is two hundred and fifty feet front, with wing ninety feet Guests can find here quiet, pleasure, shade, and sunshine. The fresh bracing air of the mountains makes Catskill one of the pleasantest places to spend the noontide of the summer. Two miles from the summit is a rude cabin, famous as the reported site of Rip Van Winkle's long nap. ** Through years of mighty waves — ^ To wake to science grown to more, - To find the sign of another George Swinging above the tavern door !" Thomas Cole, the painter, has transcribed some of the beauties of this wonderful region in the scenes of his "Voyage of Life." "The most famous beauty of the region is the fall of the Kaaterkill. On the high table-land of the South and North Mountains lie two lakes, buried in a dense forest. A little brook, making its way from these lakes, westward along the shoulder of the Mountain, soon reaches the edge of a very deep declivity, over which it leaps into a deep pool in the centre of a great amphitheatre of rock. "Gathering its strength again, the torrent makes a second leap over huge boulders, which have fallen from thf ] fudges above, and lie scattered down the glen, dash- ing itself into foam in its headlong fury. Tumbling from one ledge to another, it reaches at length the bottom of the glen, when, meeting the stream that flows from Haine's Fall, the mingled waters hurry down the stony pathway through the Cove, and out into the valley, until. i m 1 la tTwItti' 7i ■, ' I- ■'■W lilies • m '.'■'hi ■ V':':„ 1 s^i 30 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide, swollen to a wide stream, they glide placidly into the Hudson at the village of Catskill. There is nothing more beautiful in American scenery than this waterfall, as it leaps from the lofty height, and dashes into spray in the hollow basin below. The strata of which the mountain is formed lie piled upon one another horizon- tally, and through them the water has cut its way, smoothly like a knife. Some distance above the margin of the pool in which the fallen waters boil as in a cauldron, there is a stratum of soft stone which has broken up and crumbled in the dampness. Wearing away several yards deep into the cliff, it has left a pathway all around the Fall, from which you have a fine view, and often, when the stream above is swollen, through a veil of glittering drops dripping from the r'^cks above. Exquisite as is the effect of the whole Fall, when seen from the rocks at the foot of its second leap, this last point of view is even more striking. Standing on the narrow pathway, you look through the great white veil of falling waters, leap- ing out over your head and sending up clouds of spray that float off down the gorge. Sometimes, when the sun is shining brightly, a dancing rainbow will keep pace with you as you creep around the semi-circle beneath the rock. Here, too, you get an enchanting glimpse of the edges of the Clove, down which the stream goes head- long, and can mark the wild figures of the pines that cling to the verge of the cliffs, and seem, with their black spears, to pierce the sky. " Upon the very edge of the precipice, close to the narrow channel through which the fall makes its plunge, there is a tree which has grown out from a crevice, and then upward until it juts out over the abyss. To this Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 31 solitary tree, the lad who acts as your guide points with his finger, and tells you of the adventurous young woman, who crept out to the rock, and, clasping the slender trunk of the tree with her hands, swung her body far out over the Fall, and then, with a cry of triumph, back again in safety. "Beneath the second Fall the gorge is wild in the extreme. On both sides, the mountains rise perpen- dicularly, clad with a dense forest, and, through the shade beneath, the torrent roars ceaselessly among the rocks." Five miles from the Catskill Station, on the eastern side of the river, we come to the large and handsomely- built city of Hudson, the chief town of Columbia county, one hundred and seventeen miles from New York, and thirty from Albany. The city is built on an eminence above the river, like many of the other villages we have passed in our course. The streets are wide and well laid out, and altogether the place has an air of thrift and prosperity. The principal street is called the Promenade, and laid out with trees and shrubs with excellent taste. One side is built with handsome houses, and the other is open to the river, and runs along the bank for nearly a mile. Leaving the city of Hudson, via the well-equipped train of the BOSTON & Albany R.R., a distance of forty miles brings us to Pittsfield, the County seat, charmingly situated in the midst of great natural scenery, and offering to the tourist or traveler, many rich and rare delights, each well worthy of special mention. im ., I ■ 32 All-Round Route end Patwramic Guide, PITTSFIELD. [F the many places in the Old Bay State made famous in late years, either as seats of learning, or for their various attractions to summer guests, none surpass the town of Pittsfield. Its six miles square of territory occupy the very centre of the "Berkshire Hills," and though a little south of the " divide " that separates the waters of the Hoosac and the Housatonic Rivers, are yet over i,ooo feet above the level. The centre of this central area rises gently from the general level, and so commands most charming views of the finest summits of the county ; the long and beautiful ranges of the Hoosac mountains on the east, and the mountains of Vermont, rise some 1,500 feet from the valley at a distance of four miles each from the centre, and the twin summits of the Saddle mountains, one of which is near 4,000 feet above the tide water, look down upon it 1 5 miles away from the north. The town thus claims within its own limits, or within the easy reach of a few hours' drive, a large share of the " deli- cious surprises" of Berkshire. It rivals the famous scenery of Lenox, on its southern border, and Stockbridge and Williamstown, places made classic by the pens and the residences of Hawthorne and Holmes, Fanny Kembleand the Sedgwicks, Melville and Longfellow ; the brush of artists like Gray and DeHaas, and the life-work of men like Griffin, Mark and Albert Hopkins, and John Todd. Williams' College, the Hoosac Tunnel, Lebanon Springs, the parent settlement of the Shakers, and also Lenox and Stockbridge, already named, with many resorts of lesser fame, are among the vivid memories and life-long treasures of tourists and summer guests. All-Roiind Route and Panoramic Guide. Ij The city itself — for Pittsfield has compact business streets, manufactures, churches, halls and other advan- tages of our large cities, needing only its own act accept- ing its charter to make it a city in name — has its broad tree-lined streets, adorned by many beautiful residences with ample grounds, while its public and private schools, its church organizations, its railroad and tele- graph facilities, and the rare intelligence, refinement and wealth of its citizens, complete its claims to the notice of pec pie seeking summer rest, or permanent residence, busii;ess advantages, or the education of their children. In fact, we know of no place in any section of the country that can compare with it in these respects. Pittsfield can boast of many handsome public buildings as well as stores and private dwellings. Many of the latter are very noteworthy, especially those of the Hon. Thomas Allen, late President of the St Louis & Iron Mountain R.R. ; Mrs. Pollock's, — a beautiful residence, with magni- ficent drives, walks, lawns, trees, shrubbery, etc. ; and many others which our limited space will not permit of describing, yet all of which should be seen by visitors in order to be appreciated. Among the public buildings worthy of notice are the Court House, a costly white marble edifice, which reflects credit upon the city, and many handsome churches, particularly the costly and spacious Methodist Church, and the Roman Catholic Church, the latter by far the finest in the Western part of the State. Entering the beautiful Park, located nearly in the centre of the village, the tourist will observe a very fine monument, which was built some ten years ago by Pittsfield's patriotic citizens, as a tribute to her fallen heroes who' gave up their lives in fighting for 3 ■'M .r'l ::)^- Mi- 34 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. their flag, and in sustaining their country's honor and liberty ; this monument was dedicated with very impos- ing ceremonies on September 24th, 1872. Directly opposite the park will be seen the Berkshire Athenaeum, a very unique building composed of Bluestone, Freestone, and Red Granite. Pittsfield can well feel proud of this beautiful structure, which is not only a credit to the village, but stands as a lasting monument to perpetuate the memory as well as the generous liberality of the Hon. Thos. Allen and other enterprising citizens of Pittsfield and vicinity, who have so liberally endowed it We next take great pleasure in calling the tourist's attention to iii MAPLEWOOD INSTITUTE FOR YOUNG LADIES, PITTS- FIELD, MASS. The institution of widest fame in Pittsfield for nearly half a century is the Maplewood Institute for young ladies, which for over half that period has been under the care of its present well-known Principal, Rev. C. V. Spear. Its grounds, disinterested but admiring friends liken to those of Yale and Harvard, partly, perhaps, because the shades of each are " classic," and very abun- dant. Maplewood measures but six acres, but many of its numerous elms and maples have yielded their grateful and now ample shade for over fifty years ; and its pleasing walks, and vases and flower- beds, with many a rare exotic, its luxuriant flowering shrubs, and its vine- covered verandas, tempering the dazzling white of its well painted walls and Grecian columns, with its charm- ing statues and beautiful fountain, make it easily foremost among the ladies' schools of the country in its physical abode. The accompanying cuts, all from photographs, r M O o o H H 2 > a: All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide. > •8 C- M i. o o o H H 2 K 36 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, :.fr;:i "ft i save the largest which had to be drawn to exclude the foliage so as to show the building, truly represent the place. Nor do these attractions, with the invigor- ating climate of the Berkshire Hills, constitute its chief o 03 O a o o H Ou < claim to superiority among its rivals ; a well filled library, large cabinets of minerals, shells, and apparatus, and a fine conservatory, afford their invaluable, and in modern methods of teaching, indispensable aid to accomplished All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 37 teachers in every department of a useful and thorough education. Some dozen pianos and a full church organ are in constant use by the pupils in music, and their pro- fessors are widely and favourably known. Its studio is also well supplied with models and crowded with enthu- siastic young artists, guided and stimulated by experi- enced and able teachers. A skilful elocuti(^iist gives instruction in that most desirable department of a good ?' f-Vi I ( - I 1." M 1< ?•". M n .J ■ B t-V t^fl ^M ^ < ," / 1 .»' ■ ^11 38 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic • Guide, U li education, while a suitably furnished gymnasium, the oldest, and still the largest for any ladies' school in the country, supplies a drill and other exercise needed by sedentary students scarcely more in winter and in storm, than in the pleasant season of the year. It is not one of the least of the advantages that Maplewood offers to its students that its attendance, from the best families in all parts of the country, is yet so limited in numbers as to afford a most desirable medium between the larger colleges and strictly family schools. With excellent educational appliances as usually reckoned, the wants of the individual pupil are met, and invaluable opportunity is afforded for intimacy of intercourse with earnest^ faithful, and accomplished lady and gentlemen instruc- tors. Correspondents seeking such a school will be promptly furnished with its prospectus and catalogue on applica- tion to the Principal. For several reasons the grounds and buildings have been thrown open during the long vacation as a summer resort. Competent and successful managers have made an enlargement of its accommoda- tion necessary, and now about 'one hundred and fifty guests can be received. A competent manager, well known to the patrons of Maplewood, will have charge of the place during the coming season. The drives in the vicinity are very fine, and probably more beautiful and interesting scenery may be seen by taking a circuitous drive to the various points of interest, than in any other. To leave Pittsfield without having taken one of the drives referred to, would be one of the greatest p<>ssible omissions on the part of the visitor ; half a day is all that is required for this purpose, and the Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 39 liveries in the city are first-class, and very reasonable in their charges. The most prominent places of interest are as follows : Pontoosuc Lake, Balance Rock, Lula Cascade, Berry Pond, Arethusan Streams, Fort Ashley, Lake Onota^ Perry's Peak, Lanesboro' Hill, Wahconah Falls, Ashley Lake. LAKE ONOTA. Returning from Pittsfield to Hudson, the tourist may wish to pay a visit to the Shaker Village at Mount Lebanon, which he can do by taking the train leaving for Chatham three times during the day, and connecting with the Boston and Albany Railway, and after an hour's journey of twenty-three miles, he will be landed atthe Shaker Village itself. Space will not allow an extended notice of this remarkable village ; suffice it to say that cleanliness, and all other cardinal virtues, reign paramount. Order, temperance, frugality and ,S»,fe tlf* - h ■ ' Si I' ■.., 40 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 'iiii M iiiiii UMi; Shaker worship, are the things that strike one's senses on first arriving. Every one here is free. No soldiers, no police, no judges live here, and among members of a society, in which every man stakes his all, appeal to the courts of law is a thing unknown. In the case of a sect where celibacy is the first and principal code, it would seem as if such a society would of itself die a natural death ; but yearly many fresh converts to the sect are made, and not only among the old and those tired of this world's pomps and vanities, but from the young and healthy of both sexes. Happiness, peace, and plenty are evident in all the villages of this most peculiar of all religious societies. Mr. Hep worth Dixon has written so fully about them in his interesting work, entitled " New America," that we should recommend the curious, or those who have visited any of their villages, to obtain the book and "read them up." We must go back to our steamer at Hudson, however, after this digression, and before leaving this interesting town may mention that the village opposite, which has the high-sounding name of Athens given to it, (though for what reason, we know not,) can be reached by a small steam ferry. There is nothing, however, to reward the task of crossing, except, perhaps, in order to obtain a good view of Hudson ; but as this can be done quite as satisfac- torily from the deck of our steamer, we presume our readers will not attempt the passage, but continue with us for the next thirty miles of our trip to Albany. The lighthouse seen on the western side of the river on Four Mile Point, (that distance from Hudson) marks the head of navigation for ships. About a mile higher up, on the same side, is Coxackie Village, the l! .^< All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 41 older portion of which is called Coxackie street and lies on a large plain about a mile back from the river. New Baltimore and Coyeman's are two smaller settlements north of Coxackie, with Schodack Landing immediately on the other side, whilst four miles higher up is Castleton. Here the well-known sand-bar, called the Oversla'igh, is situated, a spot that has proved fatal to niore steamboats and vessels than any known place on the continent The country just around here is flat, though apparently well cultivated. Soon after leaving this village we approach a place, evidently of some importance as the river has a busier look, and the banks are more thickly dotted with houses, and after a few minutes' delay, we see in the distance, the thickly built city of Albany, the capital of the State, whilst two finely constructed railway bridges span the river immediately opposite the city, one being used for passenger trains, the other for freight trains. Most of our tourists will desire to visit the celebrated and fashionable Saratoga Springs, whose summer scenes of gaiety and pleasure, and the medicinal qualities of the waters of whose numerous Mineral Springs, have gained for it a reputation almost unequalled. We shall therefore, continue the duties of cicerone^ and pass with them to the depot of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company's Railway. Taking our seats in one of their elegant drawing-room cars, we speedily find ourselves leaving Albany and passing by the Albany Rural Cemetery, three miles above the city, — which is well worth a visit, as it abounds in forest streams, across which are thrown rustic bridges; here and there are cascades which empty into a miniature lake ; and deep ravines, «*f',a \ c % X: >n' 42 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, I 11: I!'! in''' through or over which wind walks and roads, forming the most picturesque scenery imaginable, — we arrive at Troy, six miles above Albany. It is at the head of tide-water, and obtained its present name in 1 789 ; and the adjoin- ing hills took the names of Mount Ida and Mount Olympus. The Polytechnic School, organized in 1824, and endowed by Stephen Van Rensselaer, and the Female Seminary, take high rank among the educa- tional institutions of the country. Troy boasts many fine churches, public buildings, and private mansions, and those who may desire to stay over a day in order to view the surrounding scenery and visit the many sights, should locate themselves at the Troy House, Messrs. Janvrin & Gilles, proprietors, corner of First and River streets, where excellent accommodation, gentlemanly clerks, and kind attention may always be relied upon. The Troy House is the leading and only first-class House in the city. Recently refurnished — electric bells, telephone, telegraph office, and every convenience that health and comfort can suggest. Table supplied with all the delicacies of the season. Attentive and courteous employees, all striving to please. Location central — being among the leading mercantile interests and public buildings of the city, and within two minutes' walk of the landing of the palace steamboats " Saratoga," and " City of Troy," daily line to New York, and four blocks from Union R.R. Depot. Troy has immense iron-manufactories located in the south part of the city ; and the fame of her steel-works, stoves, and rolling-mills is too well established to require an extended description here. The establishment of Mr. Erastus Corning, where Bessemer steel is manufac- tured, is the largest of the kind in the United States, and turns out annually thousands of tons of steel I All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 43 rails. The original Monitor, whose exploits with the " Merrimac " may be said to have changed the character of the war-navies of the world, was in part built here. The Troy horse-shoe, nail, and railroad -spike manufactory is one of the largest in the world. Among the new public buildings are the Savings Bank, City Hall, and the new "Times" building. This last is of four stories, with an iron front and Mansard roof. St. Peter's College, built on Mount St. Vincent, is for the education of Catholic priests. The Marshall Infirmary, Warren Free Institute for Indigent Children, Troy Orphan Asylum, Troy Hospital, St. Mary's Orphan Asylum, and the mis- sion school connected with St. Paul's Episcopal Church, are among the charitable institutions of the city. The streets are laid out generally at right angles, are well shaded, and kept clean. The cemetery is an exquisite spot, adorned with stately monuments and works of art : among these is a bridge of elegant design, by J. Wrey Mould of New York City. The Griswold and Wool monument, by the same architect, is to be of white marble, and will cost at least a hundred thousand dollars. The United States Arsenal is across the river, and contains many cannons and relics of the Revolution. The Erie and Champlain Canals here connect with the Hudson River, and railroads radiate to every part of the country. The Union Railway Depot is a magnifi- cent structure, and was built by the great railroads centring here. DELAWARE AND HUDSON CANAL COMPANY'S RAILWAYS. This company now controls a system of railroads which extend to the many popular summer resorts of Northern v?* tk .!-/ I'd 44 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, i PI mi! wlii New York and beyond. They comprise the Albany & Susquehanna Railroad, extending from Binghamton to Albany, 143 miles, with the following branches: Nine- veh to Scranton, 73 miles ; Cobleskill to Cherry Valley, through Sharon Spr-ngs, 23 miles; and Quaker Street to Schenectady, 15 miles; making in all 254 miles. The Rensselaer & SaratogaJRailroad, extend- ing from Albany and Troy to Whitehall and Rutland, 10 1 miles ; and Eagle Bridge to Castleton, 52 miles ; with a branch, Schenectady to Ballston, 1 5 miles, and Fort Edward to Glen Falls, 6 miles ; making in all 174 miles. The New York & Canada Railroad, extending from Whitehall to Rouse's Point, 1 14 miles ; with branches. Fort Ticonderoga to Baldwin, 5 miles ; Platts- burg to Ausable, 20 miles ; and West Chazy to Mooers Junction, 11 miles; making in all 150 miles. These three leased or owned lines make a total mileage of 578 miles, and form one of the best lines in the country, both for through and summer excursion business. Leaving the Union Depot, Troy, it crosses the main channel of the Hudson, on a bridge 15 12 feet long, to Green Island. From thence it proceeds to Van Schaick's Island, by a bridge 482 feet long, and from here across to Waterford. The tourist can well afford to spend a few hours here and visit the Cohoes Falls and factories. In the early colonial times Waterford was known as Half- moon, taking its name from the shape of the river-bend at this point Cohoes, sometimes called the " City of Spindles," has become one of the most important manufacturing cities of the State. An immense water-power is here formed ill All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 45 by the Mohawk River, which makes a d*^ :ent of a hundred feet. The Cohoes Falls, about a half-mile above the railroad bridge, have a perpendicular descent of forty feet. Here are situated numerous knitting and cotton mills, axe and edge-tool factories, which give a commer- cial importance to the city, and employment to thousands of operatives. Mechanicville, thirteen miles from Troy, is a smart manufacturing town. A monument erected to the memory of Col. Ellsworth, of the famous Ellsworth Zouaves, will be found in the quiet cemetery on the hill. The new railroad route from Schenectady to the Hoosac Tunnel here crosses the Hudson River upon a magnificent double-track iron bridge. This line is intended to connect the Erie Railway and Delaware & Hudson Canal Company's railroad with Boston. A fort was on the elevated ground at the north end of the village ; and a few rods below this were two long store- houses which did good service in Gen. Gates' campaign of 1777, which resulted in the capture of Gen. Burgoyne. Round Lake, nineteen miles from Troy, is a station of comparatively modern origin. Ten years ago an association of gentlemen connected with the Methodist Church purchased a large plot of ground here, mostly timber land, upon which they established a mammoth permanent camp-meeting ground. The grounds are handsomely laid out, and contain a hotel capable of accommodating a hundred guests, and some two hundred and fifty cottages owned or rented by r^ular attendants at the meetings. There has been laid out and built at great expense, a " Palestine Park," some five hundred feet in length: this is a copy in miniature m f ,:'■;>■ .1. • «i ". '1 '^■f^-^ 46 All-Round Route and Patioramic Guide, of the famous Holy Land ; and here are reproduced on a correct scale the mountains, lakes, cities, and ruins of that land made so dear to the heart of every Christian. There is also a lake supplied with boats, &c., and a mineral spring said to have superior medicinal qualities. Several meetings are held here each year, and the attend- ance generally is quite large. While it is strictly a religious settlement, still all are welcome, and many find it a pleasant and profitable place for spending the heated summer months. Ballston, twenty-six miles from Troy, is the county-seat of Saratoga County. The Kayaderosseras Creek, which flows through the village, furnishes a fine water power for the numerous paper-mills, emery-wheel works, sash and box factories, &c., situated along its banks. The village has a population of about three thousand people ; has many fine buildings, both public and private, and is supplied with pure water, and good schools, which render it a desirable location for a permanent home. Ballston Spa derives its celebrity from the mineral springs which flow here in great abundance. The artesian springs flow from a depth of six hundred feet through solid rock. The Sans Souci Hotel was built many years ago by Nicholas Low, and in its plan and surroundings does much credit to the taste and liberality of the proprietor. It is i6o feet long, with two wings extending back 153 feet, and is calculated for the accommodation of one hundred and fifty boarders. The Sans Souci Spring, which is within the grounds of the hotel, is seven hundred feet deep. All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 47 SCRANTON AND BINGHAMTON to SARATOGA, VIA THK I)KI,AWAHK A HlfKHON CANAI, COMPANY'h IIAILWAY. [RESUMING that the traveler has already viewed the wonderful beauty of the Wyoming Valley, tmti ^« route from Philadelphia and the South, and the many attractive places along the Erie from the West, we will not stop to go over them here ; but will take up our trip to Saratoga, beginning with the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company Susquehanna Division from Binghamton. The scenery along the route is of the finest description. Traversing the beautiful Chenango and Susquehanna Valleys, it afifords conveni . nt access to the Catskill and Helderberg Mountains ; passing through the fertile Schoharie Valley, it makes a detour around the foot of the Helderberg Mountain to Albany, or crosses the Mohawk Valley from Quaker Street to Schenectady, affording the most convenient route to Saratoga, Lakes George and Champlain, the Adirondacks, and other famous northern resorts. The City of Binghamton, sometimes called the " Parlor City." This city is beautifully laid out on both sides of the Chenango River, and on the north side cf the Susquehanna. It was settled in 1784, and was originally called ** Chenango Point." Its present name was derived from Hon. William Bingham, who was the original owner of the land forming the site of the city. The construction of the Erie and other railroads has made of this a great commercial inland centre, and the growth and manufacturing interests of the city are increasing. The population is about sixteen thousand. fe^ ^L^ 48 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. The court-house is a handsome building in the Ionic style, fifty-eight by ninety-eight feet, and was built in 1857. There are many handsome public and private buildings in the city ; and, as special pains seem to be taken by the inhabitants to keep their places and streets clean, the city at all times presents a fine appearance. The State Inebriate Asylum, now converted into a State asylum for chronic insane, is located a little east of the city, on a beautiful and elevated site, eighty-two feet broad by three hundred and sixty-f.ve feet long. It is built of stone and brick, in the Tudor style of architec- ture. It owes its origin to the persevering efforts of Dr. J. Edwin Turner. The citizens donated the farm of two hundred and fifty acres, on which the building is erected. Leaving Binghamton, and passing through Port Crane and Osborn Hollow, we come to Tunnel Station, fifteen miles from Binghamton. This was the scene of the remarkable strife between the employees of the Albany & Susquehanna and Erie Railroads, a few years since, for the possession of the former road, known as the Erie war, in which several thousand men were engaged, necessitating a call upon the State militia to maintain peace. Nineveh, twenty-two miles from Binghamton. Here a connection is made with the Pennsylvania Division of the Delaware & Hudson Canal Company's railroads, which, with the Jefferson Branch of the Erie Railway, forms a line from Wilkesbarre, Scranton, Carbondale, and the coal-regions of Pennsylvania. Scranton has a population of thirty-five thousand, and since its start has developed rapidly, and into great HI il^ All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 49 importance. It may be said to be in the centre of the coal-mining region ; and near it, and on the neighboring hills, will be seen numerous collieries teeming with life, and giving employment to thousands of people. The place takes its name from the family of Scran ton, whose members were among the first to erect buildings, and push forward those industries which now are its chief feature. The rolling-mills and blast-farnaces of Scranton are among the largest in the world, and annually turn out thousands of tons of iron in different shapes and for different uses. These works are well worth visiting, and at night their roaring fires illuminate the whole region, and make a scene never to be forgotten by the transient visitor. The Dickson Manufacturing Company is located here, and yearly turns out large quantities of machinery. The locomotives made by these works have a world-wide reputation, and are used on a great many railroads. A visit to any of the numerous coal-mines in the vicinity is well worth making. Visitors are shown every attention, and the opportunity of seeing coal mined should not be missed. The Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad, a similar organization to the Delaware & Hudson Canal Company hcis important works here; and the round- house surrounded by its network of tracks is one of the interesting features of Scranton. . Leaving Scranton. with its ever-busy varying bustle and life, we pass Green Ridge, where connection with the Central Railroad of New Jersey is made, and the mining villages of Dickson and Olyphant, where the Gravity Rail- 4 I ,1. '4. v-'-- i?4l so All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, road for Honesdale begins, and Archibald, and come to Carbondale, the second important city in Luzerne County. This city has had a rapid growth. It was incorpo- rated in 185 1, and now has a population of about six thousand. It is strictly a mining town : its interests are coal, and its inhabitants people owning or mining the article. The extensive car-shops of the Delaware & Hudson Canal Company's Railroad are situated here, giving employment to many men. At this point the Gravity Railroad leaves the Lacka- wanna Valley, and by a series of inclines passes over the Moosic Mountain to Honesdale, sixteen miles distant, and the great coal-shipping point, via the Delaware & Hudson Canal. The empty cars are returned from Honesdale by still another series of planes ; and the long coal-trains thundering across the valley, up and down the mountain-sides, seemingly without propelling power, form a scene weird and picturesque. The successful completion and operation of this road is another of the great engineering triumphs of the age, and the work is well worth a visit. ' Crystal Lake a beautiful sheet of water, is six miles from Carbondale, high up among the mountains, and is a very pleasant place for spending the heated months. Leaving Carbondale, and passing up the narrow valley, we strike the Jefferson Branch of the Erie Railway, which is used by the Delaware & Hudson Canal Company as far as Jefferson Junction ; from there we pass through Laneshoro\ Windsor^ and Centre Village, all small towns whose interests are mostly in the lumber or leather busi- ness, and come to Nineveh, where connection with the Albany & Susquehanna Railroad is made. All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 51 Leaving Nineveh, we come to Afton, twenty-eight miles from Binghamton ; an enterprising, little village on the north side of the Susquehanna. Population, three hundred. Stage con- nection is made here with Vallonia Springs, one mile distant, which derives its name from the mineral springs situated here. Bainbridge, thirty-four miles from Binghamton. Population, four hundred. This town was first settled in 1785, by New England emigrants. Stage connection is made here with Coventry, Greene, Bennettsville, and Deposit. Sidney, thirty-nine miles from Binghamton. Con- nection is made here, via New York & Oswego Midland Railroad, for Oxford, Norwich, Oneida, Fulton, and Oswego. The Susquehanna Valley was first settled here in 1772, by the Rev. William Johnston. Unadilla, forty- three miles from Binghamton. Pop- ulation, about twelve hundred. Stage connection is made at this point with Walton, Butternuts, Delhi, &c. Otego, fifty-two miles from Binghamton. This hand- some village contains several manufactories, &c. ; is situated at the junction of the Osdewa and Flax Island Creeks, and the Susquehanna River. It was first settled in 1800. Stage connection is made with Franklin, Gilbertsville, Walton and Delhi. Oneonta, sixty miles from Binghamton. Population about twenty-five hundred. The repair shops of the Albany & Susquehanna Railroad, employing about two hundred men, are situated here. This thriving place contains various manufactories of agricultural implements, foundries, mills, &c., four churches, and three hotels. •'■ilii'-ti! i\' : ■fi.- ■ ■1'' ■"' ■ ■ * * ^'^! 'i K: ■!■ ..■■tv ^■'a ' VrtI 52 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, The first settlement was made here about the middle of the eighteenth century. Colliers, sixty-six miles from Binghamton. The i Ibany & Susquehanna Railroad connects at C. & S. V. Junction, one mile from this attractive little place, with the Cooperstown & Susquehanna Valley Railroad, for COOPERSTOWN, eighty-three miles from Binghamton, a charming village, the county-seat of Otsego County. COOPERSTOWN AND ITS ENVIRONS. HE natural attractions of Cooperstown and the ^ lake region of which it is the centre, are in very many respects so like those of the English lakes, that no observant tourist can have failed to note the resemblance. The general topography of the country is nearly the same, save that the mountains about Otsego Lake are less majestic and imposing. The carriage drives in all directions are, however, equally numerous, varied, and picturesque. By a sort of triangular combination of these popular roadways, Cooperstown, Sharon Spring, Cherry Valley, and Richfield Springs have been latterly brought into quite fraternal relations ; so that, during the height of the season, the finest equipages may be daily seen passing to and fro between these beautiful villages, recalling vividly the brilliant pageantry and exhilarating scenes of the "Trossachs." The drive to Sharon of about twenty-two miles affords one of the most sightly and commanding views in the Empire State, and hardly to be surpassed by that from the piazza of the Catskill-Mountain House. pi All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 53 To Richfield Springs there are three roads, — one via Oaksville and Schuyler's Lake, sixteen miles ; one via Three-Mile Point (Thayer's), Five-Mile Point (Tunni- cliff), and the Lake Road, to "Island Cottage," (the upper steamboat landing), and thence across the hill near " Wiantha Observatory," fourteen miles ; and another still, via Pierstown and Rum Hill, thirteen miles. All these drives are exceptionally romantic and attractive, revealing some new beauty at every turn. Between Cooperstown and Cherry Valley lie three distinct high- ways, each about fourteen miles in length, and all rendered attractive by th 'r peculiarly quiet loveliness ; so that, adding the two fr tK ■ "^M ^■M m 62 All-Ronnd Route and Panoramic Guide, ) , Among the prominent points of interest in the cave are the Reception Room, Washington Hall, Bridal Chamber, Chapel, Harlequin Tunnel, Cataract Hall, Haunted Castle, Music Hall, and Crystal Lake, upon which are boats for the transfer of visitor^ across this subterranean water. The foot of the lake is brilliantly illuminated with gas-jets, giving a beautiful view of the Crystal Waterfall and Cat- aract. Beyond the borders of the lake are the Devil's Gateway, Museum, Uncle Tom's Cabin, Giant's Study, Pirate's Cave, Rocky Mountains, The Winding Way, and Grand Rotunda. Stalagmites and stalactites of varied and wondrous forms are seen on every side, assuming such shapes as only Nature, the greatest sculptor, could suggest : among these may be mentioned Lady Washington's Hood, Washington's Epaulet, The Harp, and countless others. The average temperature of the cave is about sixty degrees during the entire year, seeming cool in summer and warm in winter. During the extremes of hot and cold weather, it is a luxury to visit it. The air is pure and invigorating, and high medical authority has pro- nounced it decidedly beneficial to those afflicted with pulmonary or lung difficulties ; and in several cases immediate relief has been experienced by those labor- ing under temporary colds, and depression of the lungs. No case is known where any person has taken cold while in the cave. The Cave House, an elegant stone structure a fe^v rods up the mountain from the depot, is situated immedi- ately at the entrance to the cave. It is provided with a well-shaded, broad, cool piazza overlooking the fertile valley in front and commanding a most beautiful and All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 63 picturesque view with Guernsey's peak as its background. The house is elegantly furnished, has bath-rooms on each floor, and is heated throughout with steam. Circulars giving full information in relation to the cave, Cave House, and surroundings, furnished on application to the pro- prietor. Guests may be assured of the most excellent accom- modation at reasonable prices. Cave costumes for both lac^'es and gentlemen, and careful, intelligent guides, are fui nished visitors to the cave. The principal industry at Howe's Cave is the manufacturing of " Ramsey's Hydraulic Cement " from native material. This cement has already gained a celebrity almost equal to the celebrated " English Portland." Central Bridge, 106 miles from Binghamton. Five miles south on the Schoharie & Middleburgh Railroad, lies Schoharie Court House, a place of considerable importance as a summer resort. An old stone church which was used as a fort in Revolutionary times may be seen here. The town was first settled in 17 11 by Palatinate Germans. Esperance, III miles from Binghamton. Population, four hundred ; settled in 171 1. Quaker Street, i 16 miles from Binghamton. This is the junction of the Schenectady Branch of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company's Railroad, which forms a short cut to Saratoga and the North. Cars run through from the main line to Saratoga without change. From here the main line passes through the beautiful suburban towns of Duanesburgh, Knowersville, Guilderland, New Scotland, Slingerlands, and Adamsville to Albany, where 4'iii' ^ (.;t-t'U. , ''■ "A^'n. '''..■■ i*'ll>' ''¥k- 64 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. •i„\' connections are made for the North and East, also with the River steamers. Leaving Quaker Street by the branch, we come to Schenectady, 131 miles from Binghamton. This is one of the oldest towns in the State. It is situated on the Mohawk, a broad and beautiful river which forms its northern boundary. It contains twelve churches, and a population of thirteen thousand. A trading-post was established by the Dutch, in 1620. In the winter of 1690 the place was visited by a party of French and Indians, under the command of Lieut. Moyne de St. Helene, who burned the settlement, which consisted of eighty well- built houses and a fort, and killed and captured the inhabitants. The council-fires of the Iroquois were at Johnstown Hall, about twenty-five miles west of here. Schenectady is distinguished as the seat of Union College, which is built on high ground that commands a view of the Mohawk Valley for many miles. The college consists of several brick edifices, including a fine chapel in process of construction. Its president is Rev. Eliphalet Nott Potter, D.D., who brings zeal, energy, and commanding talents to the post. In numbers and respectability. Union College has always ranked among the most favored edu- cational institutions in America. From Schenectady to Saratoga, twenty-two miles, the railroad, one of the oldest in the United States, pursuing the valley of the Eelplace Creek, passes along the banks of Ballston Lake, called by the Mohawks Wa-can-te-pa-Jiahy and enters Ballston Spa on a curvature of considerable extent. From thence it continues across the Kayaderosseras Creek in nearly a straight line to Saratoga Springs. .,, .; ,.,f ;, ; , . ; , ,,j ::■ w. 'rr, ict^' f^^|•M■^„mlln^e.• 14 \ .VmW% *. • '^ V, '^4, < m t m »-_ >-■■ K% !*^- '5 ■ wem. i r'- "fc ■ % r* .■4. «* 65 :ls. JS to ;ates, It IS n of 1 1 find {who jctual the , the and -ong, here :uliar | >por- ►pher [valid ^rfect iasure ^ our In the m M /», tK it. i, t! s■^^i■^ #•1^ <'4 ,•;• * ^5 :: » .- • ,^1 n- ( ■■^f 't} i^ led in the n shall. I (I are I from 5 feet iding h»' :t'.,-/ I ii ■!..•■■ I ,\': 64 conn the I Le Sc one c the ]\ north popu estab the p undei burne built j inhab Johns Schei] which theM of seV of CO! Potter talents Colleg cation, Saratc in the Creek, the Mi i on a c^ contini straigh CONGRESS SPRINC. i i s. J! Its Analysis by PROF. C- F- CHAN] "f: /: V -r »» "5 **•*•• 7 / "XX^-- .^x:ls:^^' %^ LlBOBXTOKT OF THB SCHOqi ]\ \v-*rr:"'!i c --•-■■'''■;'";!:''.':, V. ' 'niwYoek, August ilt The Sample of OonvrcM Sprlnff ^mtutt taken by me from the Spring, oo| United States gallon of 231 oubio inches :— ... r^ Chloride of Sodium • ••••..••.••• ;•« 4(A'444 grft| Chloride of Potassium • •'•••• ••,. 8^9 Bicarbonate of Magnesia • ••••• 121*767 BioaroonateofLime 143*399 Bicarbonate of Idthia 4761 Bicarbonate of Boda :.••>. 10*775 Bicarbonate of Baryta r ....;...... 0*928 '1 Bicarbonate of Iron 0'340 "■ Bicarbonate of Strontia a trace. Bromide of Sodium.. 8*559 lodideiof Sodium- •.•... ; •v*' 0*138 ,, Sulphate of Potassa ....• . 0^889. *^ Phosphate of Soda • 0*016 SUioa 0*840 Fluoride of Calcium. . ) Biborflte of Soda > eachati Alumina j Total 700*895 gri Carbonio Acid Gto « 892*289 c '*"^Ni'- .,v/ "" -V t ■■ ■' ■if ■"^^ \^ Gektlkhen,— In submitting the above analysis. I take pleasure in saying that 1 the same with the analysis made by Dr. John fi. Steel, in 18^. proves that the i still retains its original strength and all the virtues whion established its well-meri| Its superior exeellenoe is due to the fact that it contains, in the most desirali those substanees which produce its agreeable flavor and satisfactoiy medicinal \ holding them in excess nor lacking any constituent to be desired in this class of watj As a Cathartic water it$ aknott entire freedom from iron should recommend it al many of which contain so much of this ingredient as to seriously impair their usefif /'.■^ r -kJ*.'- ' , y Kespectftilly, yonr obedient servant, // > 0. F. GHANDLI Prqfestor qf Analj/tiatl and To the CoNOBiss Jjm Bimu Sranro Co. . Saratoga Springs, N.T. " '>>■>, -ft "^'5 (1) Congreiss Water i» Superior to all, and proii< Ptaysieiauis and Connoisseurs tbe Purest Medicinal Mineral Water known. t?^^^ -.. W--*.: ^>-.. (2) This femous Water is a well-known specific for Constipation, and all disorders of the Stoniachf Liver and Kidneys, y Avoid ^\\ harshf irritating WaterSf native j^^^ pair the digestive organs and kidneys, thereby inducing irreparable re Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 65 SARATOGA, AND ALL ABOUT ITS HOTELS, SPRINGS, &c. HIS celebrated watering-place is a grand focus to ^^ which the fashionable world of the United States, and indeed of Europe, is annually drawn ; it is thirty-two miles from Troy, and has a population of about ten thousand. As we pass from the train we find ourselves surrounded by crowds of pleasure-seekers who flock to meet the new arrivals. Here are intellectual men, stylish men, the beaux of society, and men of the world ; ladies of social rank, the managing mother, the marriageable daughter, the fluttering bee of fashion, and the gentler bird of beauty, are found amidst the throng, for Saratoga is cosmopolitan. The ladies have here ample opportunity for the display of their peculiar charms and graces. The sporting gentleman finds oppor- tunity for gratifying his peculiar tastes, the philosopher may study human nature in all its phases, and the invalid may oft-times find that most precious of all gems, perfect liealth. In fact, to all classes, Saratoga offers some pleasure suited to their peculiar desires. But laying aside our moralizing we shall proceed to make our choice from the many fine hotels of which Saratoga boasts. The most fastidious taste could not but be gratified in this respect, and among the elegant hotels situated in the place it would be difficult to discriminate. We shall, therefore, mention the principal hotels, some of which are not excelled in any city in the world. Congress Hall, situated on Broadway, extends from Spring to Congress street. It has a frontage of 416 feet on Broadway, and its two mammoth wings, extending 5 ^.,"' ., '■ .'■ y -'ill 'Ml .'• . ;* > ZXftVOSRTAXR'T XStTOmMAVlOVt CONCERNING THE WORLD CELEBRATED C<>ngre»»t||^nt|ire I ^0ln!ttlfian >.\'^ft*-:»i"-'..*'f^*--*>^*''V.-A-y*;' ^ l^it ■ ■\iM'^% "•*?»-■ •♦^ MINERAL SPRING WATERS •OK' SARATOGA SPRINGS, N, Y. WHAT THEY ARE, WHERE THEY ARE, AND ALL ABOUT THEM. ADDRESS : ..I SARATOGA SPRINGS, N.Y. •OF- CONaRESS SPRING WATER. BOTTLE Q MARK. XTone Ge&.'uiae en Draiigbit^ ..*- • M-. ••"• M, I •, f Y ' • 't - CONGRESS SPRINC. Its Analysis by PROF. C- F- OHANdLeb: in ■ ia& '■vv .•^-. >«.. D, I LlBOBATO&T or THS SCHOQ) Or MlEinCBi '.CO&imBU GoLLSGti ' N«w YoM, August llth, 1871. The dimplf tttCom^wsm Spring Water* Uken by me frojn the Spring, aontaioa. in one IlaitedtStatebgallonofSSlcuUiuohea:— ,.,.«!- -- , .•;, V- >" ir.i.»» tt I. It 41 M •1^* t iC Chloride of Sodioua • ......' 400*444 grjini* Chloride of Potassium 8-049 " Bioarbonate of Magnesia '. ^^'^ ., Bioaibonate of lime 143'399 Bicarbonate of Lithia 4761 J Bitarbonate of Roda, •.*•..• 10"7re Bioarbon j.t& of Baryta. ; : 0|^ Bicarbonate o i Iron ••• •••.• ,««..•■ 0*340 BicarboDute oi Btrontia a trace. Bromide fSodium • ^!f^ loi.tde of cuaium .< ;•• .• ~. -v ".'.•."■.. O'loS Snlarxateof Potasaa *....- . 0"S89 Phosphate of Soda. 0-0l6 ,, BUioa. 0-840 " * .t Fluoride of Calcium..) ,. Biborate of Soda > eachatraoe. Alumina ) ■ • ■• ' yj ■:. '• . m, ■ - ■ Total 700*895 grains. Carbonic Aoid Oas 892*289 cubic inehes. wt ^', Mi' -'Si 'iii*; • M Gemtlxmxk,— In sabmittinff the above analysis, I take pleasure in saying that a comparison of the same with the analysis made by Dr. John fl. Steel, in 1^. proves that the Congress Water still retains) its original strength and all the virtues whion established its well-merited reputation. Its superior exeellenoe is due to the fact that it contains, in the most desirable proportions, those suDstanees which produce its agreeable flavor and satisfactory medicinal efieots— neither holding them in excess nor lacking any constituent to be desired in this class of waters- Asa Cathartic water ttoa{mo«fen(tiw^^ee(2om/rom iron should recommend it above all others, many of which eontaia so muoh of this ingredient as to seriously impair their usefulness. .. }. BespeotfUly, your obedient servant, -> f . / /, 0. P. CHANDLER. Ph. D., IVq/esfor of Analytical and Aifplied ChtmUtry. To the CoNonss Aim Empiu Sranra Co. , Saratoga Springs, N.T. * s:'- .. i »«« ' . -«v.fw t- -u mr-t W ^tmrm ^ *u *,- :ic-... " ' '■■^- --^in^i^^ U a/ 6f' >»•— .«. _, ■^i ^.' >*•' .."-^ >..- r-- -^Sf ^:: r '^ i ' -I, 4 ^'if- -3.^ ':^ (1) Congress Water is Superior to all, and pronounced by Physicians and Connoisseurs tbe Purest and most Medicinal Mineral Water known. (2) This famous Water is a well-known specific for Cktnstipation, Indigestion ^ and all disorders of the Stomach f Liver and Kidneys, ^.^ ; ., Avoid eX\ harshf irritating Water Sf native &ri^ foreign; they im- pair the digestive organs and kidneys, thereby inducing irreparable results. ■■^i-"-«;**^ -•■■•*-» !*%■ . 66 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, ill . p ■ m . It"'' '■:■?■ ■ ■-.' fill M, 300 feet back, combine to make it a most perfect specimen of architecture ; the foundations, which rest on solid rock, were laid October, 1867, It is entirely of brick, and has 7 fire-proof brick walls extending through the whole structure to the roof. It is 5 stories high, sur- mounted by a French roof with ob. jrvatories at each end and in the centre ; the wings are 7 stories high ; the rooms are spacious ; the halls 10 feet wide, and 400 feet long on each floor ; and broad, commodious stairways, with an Otis elevator of the finest description render every portion readily accessible. A front piazza, 20 feet wide, and 240 feet in length, extends across the building, with numerous others within the grounds, and a pro- menade on the top of the hotel affording a charming view, contributes to render the house attractive. The two wings extend back to Spring street, and are each two hundred and thirty feet long by forty-six feet in width, giving an abundance of private parlors and lodg- ing-rooms. One hundred rooms with baths attached to each have been added this season and one thousand guests can be comfortably lodged and fed under its spacious roof. Across Spring street, and connected with the hotel by a suspension bridge, is an elegant ball room. It is one hundred and twenty feet long by fifty wide. The ceilings are frescoed in artistic style, and it is brilliantly lighted by expensive chan- deliers. The dining halls, parlors, etc., are superb and ample, and every thing about the house is on a scale of unequalled magnificence and grandeur, while the pro- prietors, Messrs. Clements & Cox, have endeavored to provide every thing that can aff"ord comfort and pleasure. Our cut of the hotel serves to convey a general !*1 ' i"i' All-Raund Route and Panoramic Guide, 67 idea of its outward appearance, but fails to depict all its elegant outline. The weekly balls given are of the most brilliant nature, and the music is furnished by unrivalled orchestras, , • <',. "*3 f Ip: '1 '' Ui'' i I 'a Mo >1 *: ^..tl ^-^>* fe.kf 2'f' Si, .'i^ ' *' ■'■■ ''■■'*'' *-\*^ yW: iili> ■K', ;■';■:'?■? ■'f.l- ■.,■« 6S Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. ',' \ i.,m mm I -m ■I'U The United States Hotel is a superb establishment, surpassing injsize any hotel in the world, and equalling in magnificence the finest hotels of the most famous Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 69 summer resorts of the old and new world. Its construc- tion occupied two years. It contains nine hundred and seventeen apartments finished and furnished in the latest style, with gas, running water, and every possible con- venience. In addition there are sixty-five suites of rooms, with bath-rooms attached. The grand diiJng room is very handsome and striking, being in dimensions two hundred and twelve feet by fifty-two feet in width, and twenty and a half feet in height. The drawing room also is an elegant apartment, handsomely fur- nished and exquisitely decorated, and is eighty-five by sixty feet. The Ball-room, however, outdoes both of these magnificent apartments in splendor, rivalling the most beautiful salons of Europe in style and orna- mentation ; this room has dimensions of one hundred and twelve feet in length, fifty-three feet in width, and twenty-six in height, and has been decorated by the most skillful artists of the country with a taste and skill unexcelled anywhere. The halls and cor- ridors are broad and spacious, and when crowded with the throng of promenaders which they invite, present a most brilliant appearance. In this respect the piazzas also offer great attractions to guests, from their unequal- led extent, and the variety of scene which they afford. On the exterior of the buildings, facing ^roadway and Division street, these extend for a length of four hundred and thirty-two feet, throughout three stories, and furnish a singular vantage ground for view, as well as extraordi- nary facilities for promenading. Corresponding with them is a length of piazza on the interior side extending for twenty-three hundred feet, which overlooks a court- yard of three acres, tastefully laid out in shady walks, ►f^^ <' r ,V-. t' '• \! • ■ t • ■ '■' > f1 ••■ ...»• ;, .I'l <■% ■' '''^ >■; *f: 5- A ,Mr li ^'■■i^ 'i'.^ I J; il 'Iff T 70 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, beds of beautiful flowers, and velvety lawns, to which splashing, cooling fountains lend an additional charm. M O 5 !5 u o m OD U H < 00 O H H This lovely spot is, of course, a favorite resort, particu- All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 7« larly when lighted up in the evenings, and the orchestra of the hotel, composed of first-rate musicians, discourses the latest and most fashionable airs. While lingering in this pleasant spot let us take a survey of the noble pro- portions of this palace, for such it may truly be styled, and give an idea of how its ettsemble strikes us. Bound- ing the court-yard on three sides it rises to a height of six stories, and the free elegance of its architectural lines, in the modern French style, leaves an impression upon the observer of perfect suitability to the precincts, and the purpose for which it is used. Being in a mood for further inspection, from delight with the interior view, we proceed to take an exterior view of the whole build- ing from Broadway and Division streets, upon which it fronts, and along the former of which it extends two hundred and thirty-two feet, with six hundred and fifty- six feet along the latter. Here the wealth of columns, niches and attics, surmounted by the imposing Mansard, and the whole crested by three handsome pavilions, serve to deepen the impression already created. Enter- ing by the main entrance on Broadway, and being still in the mood for inspection of details, we pass through the hall into the offices, roomy and commodious apart- ments for the tireless workers of the business staff, who are all courtesy and attention to our wants and inquiries, and look in at the gentlemen's especial quarters — we can- not say haunts in the face of the fascinations to be found in other parts of the building ; these embrace reading, smoking and retiring rooms, of delightful coolness and restful comfort West of these, in the Division street wing, are the dining-room, and above it, in the second story, the ball-room, already described. Returning to ''>''Mi»' ij* > •:!•.: \.'..n. y V i; *>i,... I.!' ■^^ I: ill Ml k ,. ;,>i .; -^ 72 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, I " ^M'- the Broadway side, we are attracted to the drawing- room, a beautiful apartment, furnished with the softest and most expensive of carpets, articles of rare material and the most artistic and fashionable design, mirrors, chandeliers, lace curtains, together with fresco-work and ornamentation beautiful enough to satisfy the taste of the most festhetical. The ladies' sitting-room, which is op- posite, is also fitted up in the same style. Ascending by either of the two elevators, in constant use between the several floors, our courteous cicerotie from the office draws our attention to points of paramount importance in the construction of a building of this kind, and which are too often overlooked for considerations more showy, but really of less importance to guests, and points out the fire-proof partitions which divide the whole house into five compartments, each in this way perfectly insulated from the effect of fire casualty in the others, informing us also that on every floor of each compartment is a hose from which a stream of water can be obtained at a moment's notice, and that escapes are supplied by ten staircases. We are now conducted to the " Cottage Wing " which the proprietors have made a special feature of the estab- lishment, and requires more than a passing mention. It runs to the south of the court, and in a westerly direction from the Broadway building, for a length of five hundred and sixty-six feet. The public had long felt the need, in a hotel of this description, of some provision whereby absolute privacy and seclusion could be obtained in the midst of the gaiety and excitement of this fashionable watering place, and the proprietors ever watchful, and ready to anticipate and minister to such wants, con- All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide, 73 structed the " Cottage," as it is suggestively styled. How admirably this object has been attained, the experience of numbers who have enjoyed its comforts and security amply testifies. And how could it be otherwise? for here are rooms separate, or en suite, from one to seven, with parlor, bath-rooms, and all the modern conveniences and appliances, with separate table and attendance. The presiding genius, if we may call it so, of all this completeness and attractiveness may be said to be the Hon, James M. Marvin, a name which has associated with it the growth and success of Saratoga, while the vast ex- perience of Messrs. Tompkins, Perry, Gage and Janvrin, in metropolitan hotels of ^the first class and in the most fashionable summer resorts, is a guarantee that every- thing that can possibly be done to ensure the comfort and gratification of guests, will be accomplished. The Grand Union Hotel is the great house of Saratoga. It has a frontage of over 1800 feet. The massive tower which rises in the centre is 200 feet from the ground, and from the summit of it a landscape cover- ing an area of 75 miles is revealed in wondrous beauty. It is one of the largest hotels in the country, and accom- modates 1200 guests comfortably. Within is a court which is beautifully shaded, and here a band plays morning and evening. A vertical railway renders the six stories easy of access to guests. The public rooms are of prodigious size, and the office is most perfect in arrangement. This monster hotel has piazzas, in length over a mile ; halls, two miles ; carpets, 10 acres ; number of rooms, 1 100 ; and possesses every conceivable comfort for guests ; interpreters being always on hand to receive orders and impart information to foreign guests in their Hit f'\". . mr "fv ."it'.;"''. -■■''., I ■/•?/• ■*'-^^. ^m''-^f ^■■$ ''M-: ..i-'. I !,4 ' '' ■ '■-. 4: I r v^f M'. t-'' k.\\.: I il"l i)-^j^::| 74 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, native tongue. Since the Grand Union's closing in 1873 upwards of five hundred thousand dollars have been expended in decorating and re-furnishing, and it stands without any rival for comfort, ventilation and extent of All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 75 grounds. Its tables are always loaded with every- thing the market affords, and nothing that time, money or care can effect, will be left undone to sustain the reputation which the Grand Union has already estab- lished, of offering to its patrons all the comforts of a first-class hotel. Numerous improvements, which experience and good taste have suggested, have been made. Among these may be mentioned the following : the electric lights for illuminating the garden and court. The building, in which was the ball-room has been taken away, and the grounds opened to Federal Street. The lessee of this great establishment is Mr. Henry Clair, who is also lessee of the Park-avenue Hotel, Fourth Avenue, Thirty-second and Thirty-third Streets, New York city. This beautiful building has six hundred rooms, with accommodation for nine hundred people. It is the only absolutely fire-proof hotel in America. The court, which is a hundred feet square, has electric light, is filled with shrubs in the winter and rare and blooming flowers in the summer season. An interesting feature of the house is its fine library, forty by a hundred feet, with convenient tables, writing materials, and three thousand volumes of the various departments of literature. Windsor Hotel. — This exquisite and recherche hotel is located on South Broadway, and overlooks the Congress Spring Park. It is owned by the Hon. Henry Hilton, and is kept on the American plan. The rooms are elegantly furnished, and all the appoint- ments are perfect of their kind. A pagoda furnishes a cool and shady retreat, where ice-cream and after-dinner '■• If vH ' If- V ' , •• « ■■:>.fJ::.' ( , •':.vt'''" m. n^ .'•i'i:»<';k" : i.-'-i:,' a.j ^•livl ; J I . '■ ,1 -- • «i. ft. t0l . ■ ■ h- ■'■,1.- ■ ■;*' 1* s Mi 76 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide cofifee may be indulged in, while the strains of the Congress Park Band are wafted on the still air, entrancing the soul with its harmony. Two furnished cottages on the grounds are attached to the hotel. American Hotel. — The American Hotel which was built about thirty years ago, is on the corner of Broad- way and Washington Street It affords accommodation for two hundred guests. The house has an excellent reputation. It has a frontage of one hundred feet on Broadway with spacious piazzas, and is within easy access of the springs, post-office, and places of resort. It opens this season under the most favorable circumstances, Messrs. Farnham & Bush of the well-known REVERE House, Troy, N. Y., being ihe proprietors. Columbian. — The Columbian is a new structure, pleasantly located on South Broadway, adjoining the Clarendon, and will comfortably accommodate two hundred guests. The house has a frontage of a hundred and twenty feet, with a fine piazza which overlooks Con- gress Park and Springs, directly opposite. It has always been well patronized by summer visitors, and bids fair to be more popular than ever during, the season 1 882, as it has been leased for a term of years by Messrs. Harris and Price, whose long connection with "Willards," Wash- ington, is a guarantee that the House will be first-class in every respect The rates are moderate, being $3.(X) per day, and from $14.00 to $21.00 per week. The House has been thoroughly refitted and refurnished during the past Spring with splendid new carpets and furniture, both of which are of the latest and most elabo- rate designs, and guests can depend upon finding the table at all times supplied with the very best the markets afford, and all the delicacies of the season. The comfort All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 77 of guests will at all times be considered in every respect, and we can in truth without fear of contradiction, refer to the vast improvements which have been made at this well-known hostelry, for we feel that they are well worthy of mention, and the enterprise that Messrs. Harris & Price have put forth deserves especial notice, as they have spared neither time nor money in making improve- ments, and they cannot help establishing for themselves as well as the Columbian Hotel an enviable and well-earned reputation among tourists and pleasure travelers, who may visit Saratoga during the season of 1882. Upon entering the hotel, one will observe at a glance that the improvements that the lessees have made since assuming control of the house are not of an ordinary character, as will be seen by observing both the exterior as well as the interior, for every part of the house from garret to cellar, has been thoroughly renovated and all of the rooms have been newly painted and papered, the ceiling tastefully decorated. All of the parlor halls and [^sleeping rooms have been newly carpeted with Brussels, three ply and in-grain carpets. Every room in the house has been newly furnished, with elegant black walnut for the office parlors, and upon the second floor, while the third and fourth floors have fine ash and cottage furniture, with beautiful wicker for the piazzas, etc. There are electric call-bells, in every room, and trusty porters will be found at the stations upon the arrival of all trains. W ki ■,U\ ^h kw- ■. c THE ADELPHI HOTEL, SARATOGA SPRINGS, N.Y. Among the numerous hotels at Saratoga worthy of mention, we take pleasure in calling the tourist's attention to the Adelphi, which is truly a first-class hotel in every ■im %■ !■;■ ,1 " ■ ,!•' ;1 ■ 78 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, sense of the word. This new and beautiful hotel, situated on Broadway, next to the United States, was built in 187 1. It contains about one hundred rooms, is elegantly furnished, and has very convenient access to the promi- nent springs. Its piazza is elevated a story above the street, and commanding views are obtained up and down Broadway, and of Philadelphia street, opposite. The proprietor is Mr, William H. McCaffrey, well-known to the traveling cc imunity, who is untiring in his exer- tions for the hapij. ess and comfort of his patrons. He has secured a irsultj ude of friends from all parts of the United States arid Canada by his courtesy to guests ; and the writer takes great pleasure in recommending the Adelphi to all tourists and pleasure travelers, who may pay this most beautiful and delightful of summer resorts a visit during the coming season, and he can truthfully say, from his own personal experience, that no pains will be spared, by either the proprietor or his gentlemanly assistants in the office, to make the " Adelphi " one of the finest and best managed hotel-homes, not only for those who wish to pass a few m6nths at this most fash- ionable of America's many attractive watering places and summer resorts, but also for the tourist and transient guest The surroundings about the hot' 1 are full of interest; the hotel is delightfully situated, fronting upon Broadway, the principal thoroughfare of the city, close to and in the immediate vicinity of nearly all of the many celebrated springs which here abound, and have a world-wide reputation for their various medicinal qualities, &c. It is the universal verdict of tourists that no other watering place on the continent of like size can begin to command such unvarying charms as All-Raufid Route and Panoramic Guide, 79 Sarat(^a, One might become almost tired of the world and vote every other resort a bore; but Saratoga scenery, Saratoga atmosphere, and Saratoga life would still charm by their pleasing peculiarities. The Clarendon. — One of the most agreeable, aristo- cratic, and homelike houses in Saratoga is the Clarendon. It was built in i860, and this house has always been patronized by a choice, wealthy and aristocratic class of visitors, many of whom, with the regularity of the summer swallows, return year after year to the same quarters under its ample verandas. Magnificent elms surround the building, which faces Broadway. The Washington Spring is within its ground, whose tonic waters are highly prized by the visitors. At night the brilliant gas-jets and the sweet music of the band render the gay scene very attractive. AUSSAFESTA. — Glen Mitchel is situated at the ter- minus of North Broadway, and about a mile and a half from Congress Spring. The hotel is famous for its wide piazzas, its half-mile driving park, and its pretty walks and woods, forming a very desirable place for picnic par- ties. Game breakfasts and dinners are a speciality. The drive from the village to Glen Mitchel, and thence around by the Excelsior Spring, is one of the most delightful in Saratoga. THE ARLINGTON HOTEL, SARATOGA, SPRINGS, N. Y. Amongst the first-class hotels at Saratoga which invite more than a passing mention is the Arlington, which, though not of the same dimensions as some of its com- peers, is surpassed by none of them in style, comfort, and attractiveness. It is situated directly opposite the pi ^^f .:':' r; ■ - A.. . M 2'i 'Bel 4$ h ' ii ■: m ill '• :^i;!t "jiii »■■" ,', 80 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, United States, and fronts on both Broadway and Divi- sion streets, so that its situation is very favorable, being in the midst of the life and gaiety of " the Springs," and within easy distance of the railway station and all the springs. Its dining-rooms, drawing-rooms, parlors, and reception rooms, for both ladies and gentlemen, are all ARLINGTON HOTEL, SATATOGA, N. Y. handsome, airy, and commodious, furnished in the latest style with costly furniture, and supplied with all the modern conveniences and appointments necessary for comfort. Rooms may be had separately, or en suite. It has always been the headquarters for the commercial travel, and has attached to itself a number of patrons All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 8i who visit it yearly during the summer, and each year witnesses an increase in the number of those who hold fast to the Arlington. The House is open all the year round, under the management of Mr. J. P. Dennin, also proprietor, who has had over twenty years' experience in hotel keeping ; and the rates are reasonable. Special arrangements can be made for the season. DR. strong's remedial INSTITUTE. It is fitting that Saratoga, a place where so many congregate in the summer for pleasure, rest, and recupera- tion of health by the use of the mineral water, should be supplied with an institution, under the competent management of regularly educated physicians, where medical advice, with constant and able medical super- vision can be obtained. Such is Dr. Strong's Remedial Institute. No one would suspect its medical character from anything seen in or about it ; there is no appearance of invalidism, and its prominent features are those of a first-class family hotel. It is conducted in summer with special reference to the accommodation of summer boarders, and enjoys a most excellent reputation for its superior advantages as a summer retreat. It affords abundant facilities for recreation and entertainment — organ, pianos, fine croquet ground, gymnasium, etc. The table is excellent, and all its appointments first-class. The bath department is convenient, complete, and elegant. A very noticeable and pleasant feature of the house is its cultured society and genial homelike atmosphere. Among its patrons are many prominent men, €.g. : Rev. Dr. Theodore L. Cuyler, Bishop Simpson, Dr. T. Sterry Hunt, Rev. Chas. F. Deems, Ex-Governor 6 ^%^,, :?1 .* y*X fiH- i ', -. ,V 't , ■>T- mm i'' It •• « ', Jh! . £'■■ -t ■.(.■J . 'V.,.?';-, .•I ■ t't '' '■■■ .'! 82 All'Roumi Route atid Panoramic Guide, '■) '• I'^i- J. B. Pajjc, ICx-Ciovcrnor 11. H. Wells, Prof. Hcnjamin N. Martin, (N. Y. University), Rev. C. C. (Chaplain) McCabe, D. D., Miss Frances E. Willard, Judge G. G. Reynolds, (Brooklyn), Medical Professors, Armor, Ross, and Knapp. !5 Q 09 o K H 03 The institution is pleasantly located on Circular street, the most beautiful avenue in Saratoga, within five minutes easy walk of the large hotels, principal springs, and Congress Park. This situation ensures both quiet and easy access to the summer gaieties of the place. T mint dim; In •spcci; TJien I'arac medic movei mincn The clegam parlors thorou^ afford ( Thei «o coni]: of regi fi^raduat all the > Circui i*eferenc( appJicati Strong. Tempi Circular < WiJhs E. good acc( during t young Jac There a ^hich are All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 83 The cathartic, tonic, diuretic, alkaline, and alterative mineral waters, with the dry, uniform and bracing climate, bring invalids here at all seasons of the year. In addition to ordinary remedial agents, are used such special appliances as Turkish, Russian, Roman, Electro- Thermal and all other Hydropathic baths ; Galvan nd Farad ic Electricity ; Vacuum treatment ; Inhala medicated Oxygen ; compressed and rarified air ; S movement, health lift, calisthenics, and the various mineral waters. The Institute has the appointment, appurtenances and elegance of a first-class modern hotel. Its ample hallsi parlors, dining, bath and other public rooms are thoroughly warmed by steam, while its extensive piazzas afford opportunities for exercise at all times. The advantages of a well regulated hygienic institution so completely equipped and under the able management of regularly educated physicians (the Drs. are all graduates of N, Y. University) is obvious. It is open all the year, and patronized by the medical profession. Circulars giving full description of the institution, with references, terms, and other information furnished on application to the proprietors, Drs. S. S. and S. E. Strong. Temple Grove. — This hotel occupies a block on Circular street, bounded by Spring and Regent streets. Willis E. Dowd is the manager, and it possesses very good accommodation for families through the summer. During the remainder of the year it is occupied as a young ladies' seminary. There are several smaller hotels and boarding-houses, which are kept in excellent style. Among these are the ■7 'jy n i"': *r ^;i. < IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) /. 1.0 I.I I^|2j8 |25 Ui Kii 122 la 111^25 IBU. 116 — 6" v: ^'^J^ ^ y oY ^' y /A Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WfST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716)872-4503 'I'M ■ ;, J' I li^. I *■' ii r^'' . ■ lfil»- ;fi!»r' 84 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, Everett House, Arlington, Holden House,. Waverly, Pavilion, White's, Mrs. Wilbur's, Dr. Bedortha's, Empire, Commercial, Broadway, Mount Pleasant, Washingfton Hall. On Franklin street are, Mrs. Wicks', Mrs. Spooner's, N. B. Morey's ; and on West Congress is Pitney's. Numerous others are in various parts of the town, — more quiet than the hotels, with shaded grounds and piazzas, and very attractive lawns for croquet and other out-door amusements. Having made our choice, we sally forth to see the sights, and at once decide that Saratoga is a very pleasant and pretty village. We find its streets wide, and well shaded twith trees, while on either hand rise lofty and elegant structures. But our steps ^re directed towards the " Springs," and as we visit, in turn, those wonderful outflows from the bosom of mother earth, we are informed that, for their improvement and utilization, hundreds of thousands of dollars have been expended, and that at the present moment, Saratoga contributes of its healing waters "to almost every portion of the habitable globe." ITS SPRINGS, The springs in the Saratoga Valley are among the remarkable natural curiosities of the world. The waters which flow from these natural curiosities are known as " chalybeate, and acidulous saline." This division arises from the relative proportions of their particles, the con- stituent ones being carbonate of soda, chloride of sodium, carbonate of magnesia, hydriodate of soda, silica and alumina, carbonic acid gas, with occasionally traces of iodine and potassa. According to the propor- tions of these found in each spring, so is the name given. All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 85 Each spring has its local history, which is interesting in its discovery, and the subsequent efforts of the owners to preserve and utilize it The tubing of a spring is an expensive affair, which costs thousands of dollars. This arises in part from the difficulty of securing the carbonic- acid gas. Materials, which would answer well in cases of an ordinary spring, prove to be entirely useless with the acidulous mineral water. Ordinary cement, which answers perfectly well with fresh water, proves no barrier to the escape of carbonic-acid gas, and in time it will be taken into combination with it Congress Spring, owned by the Congress and Empire Spring Company. — Congress Spring stands at the head of the numerous springs which abound in Saratoga. Its discovery is thus related by Dr. Steel: "During the summer of 1792 three gentlemen were boarding at Risley's, who frequently amused themselves in hunting for small game in the neighboring woods. One of them, John Taylor, a member of Congress from New Hampshire, accidentally discovered a small stream of water issuing from an aperture in a rock, the face of which formed the side of the brook. On examining it attentively, he found it to be a strong mineral water. He communicated this discovery to his associates ; and in the afternoon of the same day he conducted his land- lord, with a number of other persons to the spot" It was situated a few feet farther west, and on the opposite side of the brook from where the spring now is. The water issued from a worn hole in a large mass of silicious lime- rock. The discovery was deemed an important one ; and out of respect to the discoverer, and as a compliment to the superior strength of the waters, the same was, by i^)^:m ,1 ' 'ill*-- I l'", ■■:!v I,! * ■ ■ ' ■ It'll * At ' ." m »'! 'I •'■:-;i^ I ':ifi ■ ^1 ■: W m Mi*"', !5fr ' m . 86 AU'Raund Route and Panoramic Guide, the consent of all parties present, dignified by the name of " Congress Spring." It was tubed by Gideon Putnam, and was first bottled, as an article of merchandise, in 1823. It is situated in the Congress Spring Park, which is tastefully laid out with trees and walks, and adorned with statuary. The Columbian is in the same grounds, and but a few rods south-west of the Congress. It contains much more iron than the latter. While it has the same ingre- dients as the Congress, it differs in the quantity of the articles held' in solution. It occupies a distinguished rank among the tonic waters of the place. For further particulars concerning the analysis, etc. of Congress and Empire Springs, we refer our readers to descriptive notice to be found on back of maps of Saratoga, and Niagara Falls. The first spring tubed in Saratoga, but almost the last prepared as an article of commerce, is the WASHINGTON SPRING. The Washington spring is in the grounds of the Claren- don Hotel. It was tubed by Gideon Putman in 1806. In the year 1856 the ground passed ir* he possession of John H. White ; and in 1858 he su. a shaft eleven feet square, to the depth of thirty feet, through clay and hardpan, to the calciferous sand rock underneath. The water was found to enter from the south-west side, and accordingly a tunnel was excavated in that direction. At this point, while exploring with an iron rod, the earth suddenly gave way, and the water and gas flowed into the shaft with such force that the workmen had barely time to escape, leaving their tools behind them at the All-Routtd Route and Panoramic Guide, 87 bottom of the pit. A second shaft was now excavated at the extreme end of the tunnel, and protected by a coffer-dam built with heavy timbers and plank ; but on o o O CO a: o o Q K B5 2 is reaching a depth of twenty-eight feet, the accumulated water and gas burst in the coping and again drove off the workmen. 1 ■ '* ■;*!■■ ^T'.-* L*? 88 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. il li: , ■' :!^ ,' A third shaft was now commenced still farther to the south-east; but instead of the tubing which had been before used, a curb was formed from ten-inch plank cut into beveled segments. These were laid, one above another, so as to effectually break joints, and then spiked firmly together ; which formed, when completed, a strong tube of wood ten inches thick, and twenty feet in diame- ter. This was continued with the excavation to the sand- rock, where two fountains were discovered issuing from the same fissure within the distance of twenty feet The more south-western was selected as presenting the finest appearance and as the loose ground was removed, a full, gushing volume of water, one inch wide and six inches long, came rolling and boiling out of the rock, bubbling and sparkling with gas. The spring is chalybeate, and the peculiar taste of iron is perceptible. Many regard it as the most agreeable beverage in Saratoga. Near this there was formerly a fish pond containing a large number of trout. The Crystal Spring is on South Broadway, in the vicinity of the Columbian Hotel. It was opened and tubed by C. R. Brown, the proprietor, in 1870, who also built on this site a magnificent hotel, extending to Con- gress Street, five stories high, with five hundred rooms and twenty-seven stairways. It was accidentally destroyed by fire in 1875. Hathorn Spring. — This was accidentally discovered in 1869 while workmen were clearing away the ground for the foundation of the Congress Hall Block, which contains the ball-room. The waters are bottled. It is a powerful cathartic, and is very conveniently located on Spring Street, next to Congress Hall. It is named islUi. „> All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 89 I after Hon. Henry H. Hathorn, the owner, who also built the magnificent hotel, Congress Hall. The spring has been re-excavated and re-tubed at an expense of fifteen thousand dollars, and it now rises for a distance of forty feet below the surface, from a fissure in the rock of one by three inches. This fissure was drilled out two and a half feet deep, and a hopper placed over the cavity. The water gushes from this at the rate of ninety gallons per hour. The amount now put up in bottles is four hundred dozen per day, which is sold for three dollars per dozen. The Hathorn is one of the most valuable | springs in Saratoga. The water contains eight hundred and eighty-eight grains of solid contents in a gallon, and contains chloride of sodium, with bicarbonate of lithia. The Pavilion Spring is located in the Pavilion Park, between Caroline Street and Lake Avenue. It was situated in a deep morass, whence it rose through an alluvial deposit of over forty feet in depth. It was tubed by Daniel McLaren, in 1839. A crib, fifteen feet square, made of logs firmly locked together at the corners, was placed around the spring, and the excavation then fol- lowed until the hard pan was reached. After placing the tube, it was packed in the usual manner with clay. In 1869 t^c spring was re-tubed, and the tube was carried down ten feet to the solid rock. Sulphate of potassa and bicarbonate of lithia, in large quantities, are only found at this spring. Great improvements were made about the grounds by Mr. William Walton, who filled them in, straightened the channel of the creek, laid out walks, planted shade-trees, and constructed suitable buildings for bottling the water. While re-tubing the Pavilion a new spring was discovered, flowing from the '1, '1 i . ■ i . , ■ "iiil; ■ ^ K :l '■ : ■ .iltll • ■ I ., ■ ., .■;.;,..|ji^! •"I ■ i-»ifc, ■. *. 90 All-Rourtd Route and Panoramic Guide, east : it has been secured, and its waters analysed. It is known as the United States. High Rock. — The High Rock Spring is considered one of the most interesting among the natural curiosities of the country. Dr. Valentine Seaman, in his description of the spring, observes, " The more we reflect upon it, the more we must be convinced of the important place this rock ought to hold among the wonderful works of nature. Had it stood on the borders of the l^ogo d'Agnaus, the noted Grotto del Cani, which, since the peculiar properties of carbonic acid have been known, burdens almo:st every book which treats upon the gas, it would never have been heard of beyond the environs of Naples, while this foun- tain, in its place, would have been deservedly celebrated in story, and spread upon canvas to the admiration of the world as one of the greatest curiosities." The following measurement of High Rock Spring was made in 1856: — FT. IN. At tbe surface of the ground the circumference is Diameter of aperture four inches below the top Height of the rock above the ground . Water in the rock above the ground Depth of the spring from the top of the rock From the top of the rock to the water within 24 3 I 10 2 4 12 6 4 o 2 The High Rock Spring was visited by Sir Wm. Johnson in 1767. He was then residing in Johnson Hall, in Fulton county, about 30 miles from Saratoga. It is said that he was the first white man who ever visited the springs, and the first civilized person who used their waters medicinally. He was carried thither on a litter, AU^Round Route attd Panoramic Guide, 9t by Indians, and, after a stay of a few weeks, left his bed and returned home on foot. Our illustration represents this eventful visit. ' The walls of the rock are of nearly uniform thickness throughout, In 1763 Gen. Philip Schuyler visited the spring, and remained some weeks camping out. An aged chief of the St. Regis tribe of Indians told the late Chancellor Walworth that he visited this spring when a boy, and that he was told by the Indians that the water '•■ i ■ fi *■ % ;f ■ ?l. ^ 1 m Ill 'A f % ir » ■ V:- :;U; 'ili i' 9 . ^■ti ' I !!"♦( ii 'r:i. }■ '<■ ■■■ i' ,i. '; < ;?«m! ■s; !i«t 92 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, once ran over the top ; but owing, as they supposed, to some of their women bathing in it when they ought not to have done so, the water went back into the rock, and never showed itself again at the top. In 1866 Seymour Ainsworth, to whom Saratoga is indebted for many of her most tasteful buildings, and Willikm McCaffrey, then the owners of the spring, removed the rock, and found below it a chamber two feet in diameter, and ten feet deep. Immediately beneath the rock lay the body of a tree eighteen inches in diameter, which still retained its form, and was sufficiently firm to be sawed into sections and taken out. Several feet farther down, the body of an oak eight inches in diameter was found, which had suffered but little decay. How many hundreds or thousands of years these trees must have lain there, we leave to the imagination to tell. They must certainly have fallen before the surface-rock began forming. Star. — The Star, formerly called the Iodine, has been known for about half a century. It has a fine reputation. The water is largely charged with carbonic acid gas, and is particularly valuable as a bottling water. The spring has been recently re-tubed. It contains twenty grains of iodine to a gallon of water. Seltzer. — The Seltzer Spring is about two rods distant from the High Rock. But, although in such close proximity, its waters are entirely different. An ingenious contrivance here exhibits the flow of the waters and its gas. It consists of a glass tube three feet in height, and fifteen inches in diameter, which is placed over the spring, and through which the clear, bubbling water gushes in a steady volume ; while, faster than the water, fiow the glittering globules of carbonic-acid gas. This ::.JL ' .U All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 93 flow is abundant and constant'; but every few minutes, as the watchful visitor will observe, there is a momentary ebullition of an extraordinary quantity, which causes the water in the tube to boil over the rim. In sunshine, the liquid presents a beautiful appearance. The character of the water is said to be almost identical with the celebrated Nassau Spring of Germany, and is claimed to be the only seltzer water in the country. Empire Spring. — This celebrated and popular spring was taken in charge in 1846. The tube is scribed down to the surface of the rock, and is about eleven feet in f length. The fountain discharges about seventy-five gallons per hour. This spring belongs to the Congress and Empire Spring Company, who last year sold thirty thousand dozen bottles of the water. Red Spring. — ^The Red Spring is a few rods beyond the Empire, and is located on Spring Avenue. Quanti- ties of ferruginous deposits are found about it, which give the water, when agitated, a red appearance, from which circumstance it derives its name. John A. Carpenter & Co., the proprietors, have had the spring re-tubed, and a neat pavilion and bottling-house have been erected. It is adapted to eruptive ?.nd skin diseases, salt-rheum, scrofula, &c. ; and its general effect is to tone up the system, and vitalize the blood. "A" Spring. — ^This fountain is located a few rods from the Red Spring, and is rapidly growing in favor. Its water is quite extensively bottled for sale. Public atten- tion was called to this spring in 1867, when the orifice was tubed down to a depth of thirty-two feet upon the solid rock ; and the stream has since flowed in great purity. The Saratoga " A " water is one of the most l.'^ fe S Km f mm hi It ' M h 94 All-Round Route atid Panoramic Guide, 1 1 «. effectual mineral springs found on either continent The analysis shows four times the strength of Baden Baden» and three times greater than the Kissingen of Bavaria. The Excelsior Spring and Park is about one mile east of the Passenger Depot at Saratoga Springs, situated in a beautiful valley, skirted on one side by a large and picturesque piece of woods, and is one of the most delightful spots to visit at Saratoga. The Excelsior is reached by passing up Spring Avenue, which has lately been graded and handsomely laid out. The scenery here is most romantic. The water-works and Loughberry Lake are in this vicinity. The Geyser or, Spouting Spring, is situated about a mile and a half from the village. It was discovered in 1870. Appearance of a spring in the vicinity led to the sinking of a shaft through solid rock 140 feet deep, when the waters burst forth and spouted a considerable distance from the surface. The water is exceedingly cold, being only 14 degrees above the freezing point For Dyspepsia this water is unrivaled, as it contains more Soda and Magnesia combined (220,575 grains) than any other Saratoga spring water, and should be taken with or after meals. A high authority says : " The Geyser Spring Water is the best adapted fpr Liver and Kidney Diseases, and is applicable to a greater number of persons than any Spring at Saratoga." For many years the Ellis Spring (named after Robert Ellis, Esq., a highly respected citizen, and its late owner) was known ; but it was of little importance when com- pared with the larger springs in its immediate vicinity. Finally preparations were made by Messrs. Vail & Seary, the woners of the bolt-factory, to bore for a better All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 95 development of the spring. After sinking a shaft through the solid rock a hundred and thirty-two feet, they struck ►Ml i E 1 S s |5 the mineral vein, when the water burst forth, and spouted if.' <)y* ■ '■■'.'' ■ .t.,.«» i^. ')!' 9$ All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, i ' 1 ( 1 ■ 1 •" ... V^r several feet above the surface. The rock formation proved to be a stratum of slate, eighty feet thick, beneath which was a deposit of bird's-eye limestone, in which the mineral vein was struck. The tubing is block-tin pipe, two inches in diameter, incased with iron. The temper- ature of the spring is only fourteen degrees above the All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 97 freezing point. The water is more strongly impregnated with mineral and medicinal substances than any other known. The beautiful grounds, as well as the spring and bot- tling house, are open to visitors. They are privileged to drink the waters, examine the process of bottling, wander through the grounds, lounge on the seats, row on the pretty lake, take lunch under the awnings, and admire the beautiful waterfall, where the silvery stream takes a leap of twenty-five or thirty feet down into a shady dell. Twenty-seven omnibuses are daily em- ployed, during the season, in bringing visitors from the village to the spring ; and thousands of visitors have recorded their names on the register in a single season, An artistic basin in the spring house sustains the iron ^ pipe, and from this rises the effervescent water. An opening in the ceiling allows it full play, and here it constantly rises and falls. The globe on the well-curb, through which the stream of water flows, enables one to see the thick current of gas as it rises and escapes at the top. The water is put up in pint and quart bottles, also Jn tin-lined barrels of thirty gallons each, and is exported all over the world. The Vichy. — Opposite the Geyser, in the midst of the park, which embraces a beautiful lawn sloping down to Geyser Lake, is the Saratoga Vichy Spring. The rock was here drilled to the depth of one hundred and eighty-two feet before water was struck, when it spouted out to a height of thirty feet. It was opened in 1872. This is an alkaline water, while most of the springs are saline ; that is, the alkaline properties — lithia, soda, magnesia overbalance the chloride of sodium, or salt, 7 m ■ if- XV' ^'W'-K '■ : ■'*■ "i£lwl.c#i riJ: ■:"'•;■ '■ ■'; I:' ' 1., i,:,i i.S; il'*1 I 98 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, and is therefore recommended in an entirely different class of cases. It is found to be a cure for dyspepsia* and tones up the system. In 1872 the Glacier Spring was discovered near the Geyser, and, like it, is also a spouting spring. THE CHAMPION SPOUTING SPRING. Among the new features of attractions to the thou- sands of people who visit Saratoga, is the " Champion Spouting Spring," which is most justly considered the Wonder among the Springs of this far-famed Summer resort and watering-place. It was discovered in August, 1 87 1, and is situated on Ballston Avenue, about one mile from the principal hotels of the village. After a careful observation of the surface of the ground, the indications were such as to invite a deeper search, which it was hoped would reveal a hitherto unknown Fountain of Healing. The work of boring was commenced and continued at a large expenditure of money, until the depth of 300 feet was reached, passing through slate rock, limestone and magnesian lime, beneath which was found an opening of six inches in depth, in which the mineral water runs, and which is believed to be the main channel or fountain head of all the mineral waters of Saratoga. On reaching this cavity the water burst forth with great force, throwing a column six and one half inches in diameter to the height of twenty-five feet above the orifice. The Spring was then carefully and securely tubed and cemented, that it might be protected against any impurity from fresh or surface water. The tube being two inches in diameter is carried ten All-Roun l.oute and Panoramic Guide, 99 feet above the surface, on the top of which is attached a tapering tube with a quarter inch opening, through THE CHAliriON SPUUNU. which the water continually spouts to the height of 30 to 35 feet. By removing the small tube, a column of foam- ing and sparkling water is permitted to escape with t '•55 :'A'i:^- ■'. • v^^'- '■' "t , ) !l ■ I ? L.* ll'!;.V ili I bo All'Raufid Route and Panoramic Guide, much greater force, being thrown into the air to the height of 80 to 100 feet, and every afternoon at five o'clock during the summer, a large company gathers to witness this fine display, which here resembles the Yellowstone or Iceland Geysers. In the winter the water freezes around the tube, and frequently forms a pyramid of solid and variegated ice, thirty or forty feet high, and four or five feet in diameter at the base. The engraving indi- cates the general appearance of the Spring, day and night throughout the year. The surroundings have been beautified, and now offer all the attractions of the older Springs. Prof. C. F. Chindler, of the Columbia College School of Mines, one of the best analytical chemists in the country, visited this Spring shortly after its discovery, and from analysis, made from the water tal^en by him at the time, it exhibits a combination of medicinal qualities not found in so rich a proportion in any other Spring. The Champion Spouting Spring water contains a larger amount of carbonic acid gas than any other Spring, and holds the heavy and valuable minerals embraced in its composition, in perfect solution, thus rendering it impervious to the effects of age or climate. Its remarkable cure of some of the prevailing diseases has given this Spring great favor with professional men and others, whose occupations are sedentary. It has been found an invaluable remedy in the treat- ment of cutaneous diseases, scrofula of every type, liver complaint, dyspepsia, bilious complaints, acidity of the stomach, nausea, rheumatism and neuralgia. It is a mojst excellent preventive of fevers and bilious dis- orders, so common in the malarial districts of our jr: AlURound Route and Panoramic Guide, loi country ; and it is a well-known fact that distinguished physicians have strongly advised the use of natural mineral waters in such districts, for drinking purposes as far as possible, in place of the local fresh water. Owing to the large amount of lithia, magnesia and bi-carbonate of lime it contains, it is highly commended ; also, for Bright's disease of the kidneys, and all diseases of the bladder. These spouting springs have become a great feature in Saratoga. Tapped at vast depths, they send forth from concealed caverns columns of water and gas from twenty to sixty feet high. Ballston Avenue, eighty feet wide, has been laid out from the village to this spot. The Geyser Park, which consists of about a hundred acres, invites the visitor to rest by its numerous chairs and rustic seats, placed in shady grottos, or overlooking the landscape. The whole of this interesting region is fast becoming one of Saratoga's greatest attractions. In addition to the above may be mentioned the Crys- tal, Hamilton, Putnam, Triton, Spouting, Flat Rock, Magnetic, Eureka, White Sulphur, Iron, and Diamond Springs, which are all worthy a visit, on account of their curative properties. We have now shown the tourist, and explained to him, the nature of the wonders which annually attract such immense throngs to Saratoga, increasing as " the season" reaches its height, until the village from a regular population of about I0,0CK) has within its boundaries over 30,000. We now take pleasure in calling the visitor's attention to Sarat(^a's numerous walks, drives, etc. One of the pleasantest walks about Saratoga is that through the beautiful Congress Spring Park, ^4 % I ^1 M« }l!:i 'r 'i' ■' , ..'.< ^■'i ■t^ ; . I' T. . M \ * ■'!*■ , '' "- 4^- .' «' . iW^ ;f" "■ 'l< '"■■* , r ^'i:"^ , 1 1 • '^ 4 ' ■ ; . " ^i j' ■ M 1 f m I- 102 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, and then around by the Indian encampment to the cemetery. Congress Park has been very much improved of late years. An artistic pavilion extends from the grand entrance to the spring, from which the water is drawn up by automatic power. Thence is a lai^e arbor-like colonnade extending to the cafe, where hot coffee is served up, with other refreshments. An artificial lake, with a pagoda for the Park band, is in front, while on the side-hill are hundreds of seats for the use of the crowd who assemble nightly and daily to hear the delicious music. Statues line the pathways, and at the extreme end of the ravine is an enclosure which is the homeaf a family of deer. The Cemetery was laid out about twenty-five years ago, and contains many beautiful mouuments. Willow Walk extends from the Pavilion grounds in the valley of the springs to the Empire. It is pleasantly shaded. Beyond is a beautiful path through the grove to the Excelsior Spring. There are many drives about Saratoga ; but by far the prettiest is that extending through the magnificent Broadway, from Highland Hall, for two miles, to Glen Mitchell. The most fashionable drive is to the lake. Immense sums have been expended to straighten and widen the road, which is now a hundred feet wide, and is divided in the centre by a row of shade-trees ; carriages go up one side, and down the other. In the summer it is kept sprinkled, to lay the dust, and is lined with the carriages of the summer-resident. Saratoga Lake was called by the Indians " Kayade- roga." It is eight miles long, and two and a half miles All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 103 broad. It is an expansion of Kayaderosseras Creek, which enters from its western shore. Passing out of the lake, the water takes the name of Fish Creek, which, after supplying a water-power to Victory Mills, unites with the Hudson at Schuylerville, On an eminence on the western shore is Carey B. Moon's celebrated Lake House. Game breakfasts and dinners are here served up in most approved style. Persons fond of boating, fishing, or sailing can here enjoy their favorite pastime, as bait-fish and boats are always in waiting at the wharf. The peculiar fitness of Saratoga Lake for boat-racing has long been recognized by American oarsmen. Easy of access, ample in dimensions, removed from the temp- tations common to large cities, and lacking the currents and eddies which, on other courses, are found so per- plexing to strangers, it is a spot which combines a health- ful location for training, and satisfactory water for racing purposes. Hence it has been frequently selected for important matches, and here have occurred many of the most noteworthy contests in the aquatic annals of the country. Attention was first drawn to the lake by its being chosen, in 1871, as the scene of the first international regatta ever seen in this country, when the Ward Brothers of Corn wall-on-the- Hudson, in a four-oared race, defeated two English crews, which included the finest professional oarsmen to be found in Great Britain. During the height of the season, the hotel arrivals frequently number 1,000 daily. Life in Saratoga is two-fold — Home, and Hotel. The former is enjoyed by the residents of the village, whose refined and elegant homes are not to be excelled in any It s| ''1 1; ♦: r Wm 3; » f ^ U , -v '■ ^ ' 'ki f ■'■' wv «!3 ii ■!. >i ... 1 , 1 Its ' s^y^ , ' » . 104 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, city of the United States. Hotel or fashionable life is ephemeral in its nature, and, like the beauteous butter- fly, its duration is but for a short season. In those few brief months, wealth, beauty, fashion, and other ingre- dients not so desirable, intermingle, and amid the gay whirl and excitement of the ball-room at nights, visits to the Spring in the morning, and promenades or drives in the afternoon, is found the daily programme of the plea- sure-seekers. Among the other outside diversions are visits to the Indian camp, to the battle-grounds of Saratoga and Stillwater, which are also pleasant features. Willing, though we may be to linger amidst these plea- sant scenes we are compelled to continue our journey. But before returning to Albany we would, for the bene- fit of those who purpose visiting Lake George and its surroundings, say that at a distance of 16 miles beyond Saratoga is Fort Edward Station, where a branch line runs up to the picturesque village of Glen's Falls. From which the tourist can continue his journey to Lake George, thirty-six miles in length with an elevation of three hundred and twenty feet above the sea, dotted over with verdant islands, and lined with elegant villas, and affording some of the most beautiful and romantic scenery imaginable. This charming, peaceful locality was the scene of many thrilling events during the early Indians wars, and the war of the revolution ; and at either end is situated Ticonderoga and Fort William Henry, near the ruins of the latter of which stands the Fort William Henry Hotel, a spacious and beautiful house containing accommodation for over 1,000 guests ; its grounds are laid out with great elegance, and a fine view Off the southern end of the lake is obtained therefrom. All-Routtd Route attd Panoramic Guide* 105 The Hotel is owned by Messrs. T. Roessle & Son, of the Delavan House, Albany, and the Arlington at Washington, D. C.^ also its managers. FORT EDWARD.— SANDY HILL.— GLEN'S FALLS. jEAVING Saratoga for the north, the first station reached is Gansevoort, named so after Col. Peter Gansevoort of Albany, who in the Revolutionary War distinguished himself by his gallant defence of Fort Oriskany, and who resided here when the war was over. The village stands upcfti the Snookkill. It is situated in the town named after the French General, Moreau. Fort Edward.— The first mention of Fort Edward in history appears in 1690. In July of this year, Gen. Fitz John Winthrop, in command of seven hundred troops, set forward from Albany for the conquest of Canada. They reached this, the Great Carrying Place, on the 5th of August, the soldiers having marched up with their provisions and horses, the Dutch militia com- ing up the river in their canoes. The next day they marched twelve miles through a continuous swamp, abounding in white pine, to the falls on Wood Creek (Fort Ann), carrying their provisions and canoes upon their backs. On the 7th the general passed down the creek with the soldiers in their bark canoes, flanked by the Indians, to the Hautkill (Whitehall), where he en- camped. Sandy Hill. — Two miles from Fort Edward, on the route to Lake George, is Sandy Hill. This is a village of about twenty-five hundred inhabitants. It is sittiated on "i.-,l. ■«■<•: *4i, ;, 10..V,' .■.-•SM '•■ i . f'l ; '■>, W . i • » *> .■■■■, • V 'I V i'- -i. 1 IK ■. l' . 1 '. *l ■I! >'», 1 06 All' Round Route and Panoramic Guide, elevated ground, and has a handsome public square, filled with shade trees. Baker's Falls presents a beautiful view. Across the Hudson, above the falls, is a dam twelve hundred feet long, which gives additional power for mills and machinery. The town was the scene of numerous adventures during the French and Revolutionary Wars. Glen's Falls. — This beautiful town contains a popu- lation of between seven and eight thousand. It is at the former termination of a branch of the Delaware and Hudson Railroad, which have this season completed their line through to Caldwell, to obviate staging as formerly. The place is situated upon the celebrated falls of the same name. Their descent has been ascertained by measurement to be sixty-three feet. The water of the Hudson flows in one sheet over a single dam at the brink of the precipice, but is immediately divided into three channels. Here it takes a succession of leaps over the ragged rocks, amid which it boils, foams, spurts, and thunders, till, passing under the bridge, and through an angular length of seven hundred or eight hundred feet, it emerges into smooth water. On the island, which is formed of black marble, is a long cave, extending from one channel to the other. This is known as Cooper's Cave, from the fact that a thrilling scene in Fenimore Cooper's " Last of the Mohicans," is laid there. On the walls are inscribed the names of former visitors. The rocks at some seasons are entirely bare, and at others are covered with water. They are checked with small indentations, and in many places considerable chasms are formed by pebbles kept in motion by the falling water. AlURound Route atid Panoramic Guide, 107 The celebi ted Glen's Falls black marble is here quar- ried, sawed, and polished for market. Enormous quan- tities of the limestone are excavated for the purpose ol being converted into jointa lime. Along the banks on each side are the finest saw-mills on the continent, — whose hundreds of saws are under a single roof, — which run by night and by day, converting a steady stream of logs into lumber, laying the whole North Woods under contribution, and affording employment to hundreds of operatives. Below are huge paper and flouring mills. Two miles above the falls is the State dam, a new and costly structure, which is also the head of the Glens Falls feeder. At this place are extensive saw-mills. Beyond and above this is the big boom, built and main- tained at a cost of thousands of dollars, and which is cap- able of holding a million logs. No tourist who can spare the time should omit taking the delightful drive. From here to Fort Edward is a distance of six miles, where may be witnessed a succession of waterfalls, equal, in the aggregate, to one hundred and thirty feet. A po- pulation of fifteen thousand dwells upon its banks. A canal, railroads, and telegraph furnish the modern appli- ances for ready business ; schools, academies, and churches abound, and sumptuous private residences at- test the wealth of the people. Here is located the well- known Glen Falls Insurance Company, one of the best managed institutions in the country. Spacious stores invite custom for an area of many miles. The village is lit by gas ; and water is, at great expense, brought for five miles from the Luzerne Mountain. The Rockwell House, kept by LeRoy Rockwell, has been rebuilt on the site of a former hotel, and has accom- i-^wi :?^'y •,,-J>;l,-;W»{ <^'if ■*-/... i' ■ ^m 1 08 All- Round Route afid Panoramic Guide, modation for one hundred people, and it will afiford a grateful summer retreat to those tired denizens of the city who seek the charms of a country village. LAKE GEORGE. HE route from Glen's Falls to Lake George, now ^ by rail instead of by stage, passes through most beautiful scenery. Below Brown's Half Way House was a stockade fort, built by Major West, with two moats and a bastion. A mile beyond was an intrenchment built by Col. Foster in the same cam- paign. These were intended to protect the passage of supplies fron^ the incursions of the Indians and French. I July 30, 1858, a train of fifty-four wagons, loaded with commissary stores, and guarded by a lieutenant and forty men, was leisurely proceeding to Lake George, accom- panied by settlers, traders, women and children. They were attacked by La Corne, commanding a body of four hundred French and Indians, who pillaged and burnt the wagons, secured a hundred and ten scalps, and took eighty-four prisoners. Just beyond the toll-gate is the monument erected to the memory of Col. Ephraim Williams, by the graduates of Williams College, of which institution he was the founder. Col. Williams was killed at the battle of Lake George, which occurred in 1755. Farther on we come to Bloody Fond, so named because the waters of Rocky Brook, its outlet, were, at the above-named time, crim- soned with the blood of the wounded and dead upon its banks. A mile beyond this we obtain a surpassingly beautiful view of the lake, and, descending the hill, we soon arrive at the village of Caldwell. All' Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 109 Lake George, called by the Frcncli •• Lac St. Sacra- ment," was discovered by Fatht r Jacques, who passed through it in 1645, on his way to the Iroquois Nation, by whom he was afterward tortured and burned. It is thirty-six miles long by three miles broad. Its elevation is two hundred and forty-three feet above the sea. The waters are of remarkable transparency ; romantic islands dot its surface, and elegant villas are erected upon its shores. It is one of the finest sheets of water in the world. But not the unrivalled scenery, nor the pellucid water, nor the ceaseless play of light and shade upon the rock- bound islands and mountains, can for a moment eqnal the intense absorbing interest excited by the historic legends of this memorable locality. They are inter- woven with much of the early history of our Continent, and reach back to the time when truth vanishes into tradition. Few, if any, among the picturesque lakes in America are more beautiful or more celebrated than this lake, which lies between the counties of Washington and Warren, in the State of New York, and is thirty-six miles long, varying in breadth from three-quarters of a mile to four miles, and in many places is four hundred feet in depth. It is in the midst of mountains, and popular belief credits it with islands equal in number to the days of the year. History as well as tradition lingers around it, marking many spots with more than ordinary interest. Not the least among these are the ruins of Fort William Henry and Fort George. The lake has had many names conferred upon it, both by Indians and white men. The former generally called it Lake Horicon ; the French named it La Lac du St ■1 <.{ .V- V ' ', '■'' , A, ■.tn ■■\>.-tr *-' V ■■ • .-ir-\.- im rA >'i .' ■■■ lit > ■' ll ' rm ir. 1 10 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, Sacrament, and were in the habit of carrying its remark- ably pure water many miles for baptismal purposes. Sir William Johson, prompted by his loyalty, named it Lake George, after one of the Georges of Great Britain, and his title has been permitted to remain as its designation, although it cannot justly be considered appropriate or elegant. A writer, describing the many attractions of the lake, says: — "It has something of interest for everyone — the lover of history, of romance, of beauty, and lovers generally. The ruins of Fort George lie to the east of Fort William Henry Hotel. All that now remains of this " relic of heroic deeds " is the ruins of the rectangular citadel that stood within the fortifications. A walk leads from the Hotel around the foot of Rattlesnake Hill and upward to its summit, from whence a fine view can be obtained. A fine livery is kept for the purpose of enjoying the many delightful drives in the vicinity, and conveyances have been specially constructed for the purpose of ascending to Prospect Mountain House. The view from this point is unsurpassed. Within view are five lakes, with Champlain over a hundred miles distant, the Green Mountains, the A(]irondacks, the Catskills, the Hudson river, with the Crane Mountains to the south-west. A fine view of Lake George, with its numerous islands, bays, hotels and villas, is also obtained. General Sherman during his visit to Fort William Henry and Lake George, pronounced it the finest watering-place in the world. We now return to Albany, whence we diverged, and proceed to take our tourist to Montreal by the round- about but interesting route via Niagara. Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Gmae, 1 1 1 ALBANY. JLBANY is the capital of the state of New York, and was first settled in 1612 and became the ^^ State capital in 1798. Great taste has been displayed in the construction of its public and private buildings. Among these may be noted the New Capitol, located just in the rear of the old Capitol ; and its grounds include the site of the old building, and the old Capitol park. The Capitol has a frontage of three hundred feet. The style of the building is Renaissance, being the same as that of the Pavilion of the new Louvre, or the Hotel de Ville in Paris. Without any servile imitation, the architects have produced a result which, in its bold, effective spirit, marks the most advanced example of modern architecture. It was built upon a foundation of concrete, extending under the whole building, and to a depth of from three to twenty-five feet. The treacherous nature of the soil made the cost of the foundation very expensive. The outside walls are of Maine granite ; and the inner walls and courts of New-Hampshire granite, which is of a lighter shade than the former. The structure will be fire-proof, and covers three and one- half acres of ground. Approaching the building by the front entrance, the main hall, sixty by seventy-four feet, is reached : from this extending to the upper floors, are two grand sand- stone staircases, one of which is completed. At the left of the entrance are the offices of the Governor, and Adjutant General; at the right, the offices of the Secretary of Appeal room, which, with its oaken ceiling t -r I. ; «, , lh< J . .1- A., , .> •.■'.*r-.-'«wl :M' £.; V <■■ • ■,( ur jr. ,• . :i al ";^' ' ■■■ I- :' . 1, ^'i'.. > :!■•■* ' 'If .~ 1''' '" ■! 'M ■'« ;■ •^1:1';; ".1: '' I i''0 iilINi 112 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. supported by g'ranite columns, reminds one of West- minster Hall. On the floor above, the State Library, occupying a room two hundred and eighty-three feet long by fifty-four feet deep. The Assembly Chamber, a room one hundred and forty feet long by eighty-five wide. The ceiling is on solid sandstone, supported by four massive columns of polished Connecticut granite. High up at each end are frescoes executed by the artist Hunt, at a great cost, and said to be very fine works of art. The Senate Chamber is also on this floor, and is a room fifty-eight feet square, with galleries on two sides. The ceiling is of carved oak. The building of the new Capitol has called forth criticism from all sides, both in favor of, and against the style and expenditure involved ; but, as the work approaches completion, it is generally conceded that good judgment has been used, and that the Empire State will have a Capitol building that will be commensurate with its own importance. The Dudley Observatory, founded by Mrs. Blandina Dudley, who gave ninety thousand dollars for its construction and endowment, was incorporated in 1852. It is situated on an eminence in the northern border of the city, and is supplied with some of the largest and finest instruments ever invented. Exact time is furnished every day to all parts of the State. Water is supplied to the city from Rensselaer Lake, five miles out, which is two hundred and twenty-five feet above tide-water. Spanning the river are two magnificent railroad-bridges, each over one-half a mile in length. The superstructures are of iron, upon which are laid double tracks. All'Roiifid Route attd Panoramic Guide, 113 The Park is a charming place of resort. It contains • forty-five acres, has a miniature lake, tasteful bridges, parterres, buildings, walks, and shaded drives. It was laid out according to designs furnished by Olmstead and Taux. It is soon to be embellished with a fountain, at a cost of twenty thousand dollars, the gift of the late Col. Henry L. King. The Protestant Episcopal Cathedral of All Saints is upon Elk Street, and is designed to be the bishop's church, as well as the head of church-work in the diocese of Albany. Connected with it is St. Agnes Boarding and Day School for girls, a very picturesque building in Old English style. It is a prosperous insti- tution, with two hundred and ten scholars, and twenty- five teachers. Adjacent to these two will be found the Child's Hospi- tal, which contains forty patients admitted free. It is supported entirely by benevolence, under the care of the sisterhood of the diocese, and is managed by a committee of ladies, with the bishop as president. The University of Albany has attached to it a Law School and a Medical College, both of which are well equipped for teaching these sciences. In addition to the foregoing may be mentioned the following churches and public buildings as worthy a visit from the tourist : the Cathedral (Catholic), St. Joseph's (Catholic) Church, St. Peter's (Episcopal) Church, Taber- nacle, Baptist Church, State Hall, Geological Hall, State Library, City Hall, and other buildings well worthy of notice. The new State Capitol is a magnificent structure ; the view from it is very fine, as the whole of the city, and a large tract of the surrounding country 8 > 1 41 ,1 1 ■^■:' #, ■ ■ ,. 1; ■■.■ ' i»" .f\ 'V' . , > ". if ■■■ 1 • •' ■?■• ■': >: -; ,• vN >■ g,:« m .V r :A-^i^ 'U. \M'^. i t I nil , '■ J.:: ^': ■' ■I. i , ■' ,i 'I i ', 114 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. can be seen from this eminence. Those of our travelers who wish to take things easily will find themselves very comfortably put up at either of its celebrated hotels, which have earned for themselves a world-wide reputa- tion for being among the best managed houses in the State. These are the well-known Delavan and the new and complete Kenmore. Tourists can then take the train on the New York Central Railway, for Utica, en route to TRENTON FALLS. As these Falls lie only about seventeen miles off the line of railway, with a branch railroad running up to them, they ougl^t not to be passed without a visit. We will, therefore, take our seats in the cars at Albany, by the morning train, change at Utica, and there take the well-equipped train of the Utica & Black River Railv^AY which connects with this train, and brings us to the Trenton Falls Station a little after noon. The river forming the Trenton Falls is called the West Canada Creek, but as this name is not euphonious, the Falls have been named after the town or parish in which they are situated. There is no special cataract at Trenton which in itself is pre-eminently grand or beautiful. It is more the position, form and rapidity of the river which give the charm, and make it considered by many as one of the most picturesque and lovely spots on the continent. The stream descends 123 feet in two miles by a series of falls of great beauty. As the usual passage for tourists is along the bed of the river itself, it can be understood that to see these falls aright there must not be too much water. The end of J uly, or the commencement of August, is the time to see them in their beauty. In order to ' 1 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 115 «t: ; ' ■, . ;lb'. 4(1 « ; r'« .-«.:' ' • ■ " ' '! ' ■ ^ ' ' i 1 . (• ♦; ' : .'1 i '' ,!'*' 1 ' ■ " i ."*•' 1 " . 1 ■• K ' "• i^i ^;; Ht-^^ 1 ';;! J . 'kt !■ ' -t,': ;ii ■ r. «' ' -. 111. ■■ ' ;>. |i i 1 ■ .' '' Ii6 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, THE NEW YORK, LAKE ERIE AND WESTERN RAILWAY. THE TOURIST'S POPULAR ROUTE TO NIAGARA FALLS, etc. O all those who desire to travel from New York to Elmira, Watkin's Glen, Seneca Lake, Bufifalo or Niagara Falls, via the ever popular New York, Lake Erie and Western Railway, whose entire equipment is not surpassed by any line of travel in the world, we can in truth recommend this route as a very desirable one, both for the elegant and sumptuous Drawing-room and Sleeping coaches, with which it is well provided, as well as the grand and picturesque scenery through which the New York, Lake Erie and Western Railway passes. The above railway is one of the greatest triumphs of engin- eering skill in this or any other country, and affords some of the grandest and most varied scenery to be found in America. Previous to its construction, portions of the line were considered impassable to any other than a winged creature, yet mountains were scaled or pierced, and river canons passed, by blasting a path from the face of stupendous precipices ; gorges of fearful depth were spanned by bridges swung into the air, and broad, deep valleys crossed by massive viaducts. 'Y!.\i\s favorite line was begun in 1836 and completed in 185 1, and has cost to date upward of $60,000,000. Splendid Palace, Drawing-room and Sleeping cars are attached to all the through trains east or west. Many of the attractive points of interest to be seen along the line of the New York, Lake Erie and Western Railway are each of sufficient beauty to repay the tourist for the journey over I All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, WJ the whole line. The beautiful valley of the Delaware, the gorgeous Susquehanna, and the wonderful and charming Wyoming valley, all present a picture to the tourist of unrivalled interest. Portage^ on the direct line to Buffalo and Niagara Falls, is celebrated for its Wooden Trestle Bridge, the largest structure of the kind in the world, being 800 feet long by 234 feet in height, sustained by 13 stone piers spanning the Genesee River. Its cost was over $ 1 74,000. Some conception of its magnitude may be formed when it is known that in its construction 1,600,000 feet of timber, and 106,820 lbs. of iron were used, and the design and architecture such, that, while undergoing repairs, any portion of it may be removed, without weakening the structure, or retarding, or inter- fering with the progress of trains. It is here also that the Genesee River enters a grand rocky defile, presenting, as far as the eye can reach, a succession of wild and varied scenery. The Upper Falls — ^just below the bridge — have a descent of 68 feet, making the distance from the top of the Bridge to the bottom of the Falls 302 feet. At the Middle Falls, one quarter of a mile beyond — the water dashes in an unbroken sheet into a chasm no feet in depth, bounded on either side by perpendicular ledges. The action of the water has formed a hollow in the rock, known as the Devil's Oven. The Lower Falls are a mile and a half from the Bridge, and it is here the scenery is most sublime. At this point the river, after a precipitous course of nearly one-fourth of a mile, descends 20 feet, and striking the base of Sugar Loaf Rock, which rises 100 feet from the bed of the river, turns at a right angle and falls into a deep pool. The rapidity of the water at ■ v, ■V '■ ,,'■ V-^ ■»•:''■ J"- • I f>'- ■'•: rf'"' 'mV t - , "I " > '1 •'-•i'-V .in "m^^ I! I Ii8 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, fr:v r • % •M 1 > ■ I , this point and the great height of the rocky blufifs which skirt the river, lend enchantment to the scene. To quote from an eminent author : "If the Portage of Genesee Falls were in Yosemite Valley, or among the Alps, instead of twelve hours from New York, they would be visited and painted, and photographed, and written of a great deal more." At Portage Bridge there is a fine hotel, capacious and furnished throughout in modern style. At Elmira, 573 miles west from New York, passengers for Watkin's Glen and Seneca Lake, will change cars, where they will find the finely equipped trains of the Northern Central Railway in readiness to convey them to Watkins, only twenty-two miles. Watkins Glen is situated about half a mile from the head of the beautiful Seneca Lake, in the county of Schuyler, in the midst of beautiful scenery. The lake close to which it is situated is one of the most beautiful sheets of water in America, or in the world. It is forty miles in length, and has an average width of two miles. At the lower or northern end the shores recede gradually from the water, and the country on all sides seems a garden dotted everywhere with fine buildings, and presenting all the appearance of wealth. At the upper or southern end the banks are less gradual in their incline, and in a few places wooded cliffs rise 'directly from the water. The lake presents, in fact, almost every variety of scenery. Steamboats ply at frequent intervals, landing at many places on the shores, and at the different stopping-places, boats and every facility for fishing may be had. The glen, which for the last few years has been resorted Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 9 to by great numbers of visitors, is about half a mile from the steamboat landing and the railway station. It is a deep and rocky ravine between two hills which are clothed with foliage, the tops of the trees frequently meeting at the top of the deep gorge. A small stream runs through it, forming frequent waterfalls, and adding a great charm to the place. The length of the glen is about two miles, and everywhere good paths and secure railings have been arranged, so that one may visit every part without danger. The dififerent points worthy of note are as follows : Passing the entrance amphitheatre and ascending the first stairs, we see the Entrance Cascade, 60 ft. in height. From the first bridge, called Sentry Bridge, we have a view eastward over the wide valley at the head of the lake, and of the wooded heights beyond ; and westward, up the glen, of the high cliffs which bound it at the sides. Passing along a path overlooking Stilhvater Gorge, we soon see the Minnefiaha Cascade, This part of the gorge is called Glen Alpha, We now cross and recross the gorge, pass the Labyrinth and ascend the Long Staircase, 50 ft. high, and see before us Cavern Cascade, with a fall of 40 ft. One may enter the Grotto behind the cascade. Pursuing our way we enter at the head of the Long Staircase, Glen Obscura, and follow the path to Point Look Off. From this spot we look back into Glen Alpha, and above, in the opposite direction, we see the Glen Mountain House, 100 ft. above us. The hotel has two buildings ; one occupied for sleeping apartments, parlors, &c., and the other, across the glen, used as a dining-room. The two are connected by a handsome suspension bridge. Close to the hotel is the Art Gallery (entrance fee, 25 cents), passing which 'I V;>'.H ''■■\\ Ci {■■»?. •»■.. ■'•i.'i . <•,■:,' .'■if .^ UM 'c^' .'>. :^\:v\ '..'A » rifl L-tX,\ V " - ■■'"•'.■'■fi .it* > i ■■■■,>• ■:'■:, ^: *■ .'-'til . (1 ■ - '■■■ a-yc *■ ■'■■■' ) !'^.-';;i:a-iii I' ' h ' i>^i -»*i 120 Alf'Round Route atid Panoramic Guide, we soon see the Mystic Gorge of Glen Obscura. We now descend to the bridge which crosses the Sylvan Rapids and enter Glen Cathedral, the rocky sides of which are 300 ft high. The length of this glen is 300 yards. In the centre is the beautiful Pool of tfie Nymphs, In what is called the Chancel is Central Cascade, falling 50 ft into a deep pool. Mounting the grand staircase we enter the Glen of the Pools. The .scenery of this part of the glen is very beautiful, the view from the bridge, crossed soon after entering the Glen of the Pools, has received the appellation of Matchless Scene. We soon enter the Giant's Gorge and see Triple Cascade aiid Rainbow Falls, the former being made by the falling of the brook from Glen Difficulty, the other by a small stream from the south falling over the rocks into the glen. We ascend Platform Stairs and enter Glen Difficulty, pass Shadow Gorge, cross another bridge, and, traversing the Narrow Path to the end of Glen Difficulty, see Pluto Falls. Another stair leads to Glen Arcadia, which is crossed to Arcadian Falls. There are other glens and waterfalls above this point easily visited, but of no special interest. ' ' ^ • \ -> The beauties of this remarkable gorge and of the surrounding region have been much discussed during the last few years, and great numbers of summer visitors throng the excellent hotels in the vicinity. ' ' Grace Greenwood says of the Glen : " It is a marvellous rift in the mountain, which it seems must have been made by some stupendous earthquake shock. It suggests Vaucluse in the pellucid clearness and sparkle of the water. It faintly suggests the sombre, magnificent Pass of the Finstermunz, in the Tyrol, but is W''r- All-Round Route afid Panoramic Guide, I2I infinitely brighter and more varied. It suggests Trenton Falls, but is wilder and deeper. Most of all, it suggests Bash-Bish, in old Berkshire, — is indeed very like it, but is yet more picturesque and perilous." Bayard Taylor says of it : " In all my travels I have never met with scenery more beautiful and romantic than that embraced in this wonderful glen ; and the most remarkable thing of all is, that so much magnificence and grandeur should be found in a region where there are no ranges of mountains." The Glen is one of nature's reservoirs of eternal coolness. In its shadowy recesses, beside its emerald waters, you forget even the fierce heat of July and August, hundreds of feet above you. But it is seen in its utmost beauty in October, when the wild gorge, with its wonderful variety of delicate foliage, is trimmed with the most gorgeous colors. HAVANA GLEN. lAVANA GLEN is located near the People's College Building, (now known as the Cook Academy,) in the eastern part of the village of Havana, one mile east of the Northern Central depot, and three and a half miles from Watkin's Glen. Its course is nearly east and west, the ascent being towards the east, as it is on that side of the valley. It differs very materially from the Watkin's Glen in the details of its scenery, and yet in generalities, is almost a counter- part of its scenic sister on the west side of Seneca valley. In approaching it you pass through a vast and beautiful amphitheatre of thirty or forty acres, filled with groves and cosy picnic grounds ; and many of the ]RS w '••i TTO'' > ' ,.sM l7'9 .,;« *:-m 'W. S'm m. rj n: M \ -■'' ■^v;,.:;^ 1 ' 4 * ' ■ r nSi •' ." '. / . -rHiiia * V. v; #(».:»;■ '« ■■ , 'I^Hl *■ , '' „*1<' .', '*MK'. . • ■ ^ i- '•'•;. mS -^ w f.-'W ' ;>' U'.'i ffi^ I.";-,' , *"■' mj' "# ^ r »' 1.' ■ '•!" fll' i'M ■ ! ■ ' •4 <■ V */ if <<■! * • ♦^ , ' sv !J3«! 1 , ' '.«r •1, »?,- ,r J 7fl||| f, , „ ^ ■ i' « ■'■ k';^4iifflly ',••■' '• ■ [ f'.'; ^ii mm -A- ,;' '^'^Ba .'. » 'v'^mI i ,..;'■ » 7'{]9l I '.Ml ' -, '" ••■x' 'H 1 ■ ';. m ■ '■Xl i 0' 1, ■ ■■ ■ i ¥'\l 5 *■ iHi i * , ' ■ ' m ' '» w , 1 * I Sr\ ■ : « . » ■ ' • ' , ■' •'♦i W' » ■ ^■'■: w * \ , rA K >• '^ ;.» 'a fSL ■*.'■. < . '',1 1 I "^v^»^, •■?■■•."? 1' ' ■■■* ■ b':§ 1 ^ ':A w • ' ■ ; l\ f. »'• - • c J i' .^, , '< '^. t. ■ ;'•> ^' 1 t ': '^i II 1 »^* ' " .JtltiHI >»« ^•ij ii m 1 , ,^. li'" K.;. \ ■ . ""^ 122 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, gorges and cascades are fully equal to — and several of them superior — to the finest found in Watkin's Glen. It is not so long as Watkin's Glen ; but its views are full of startling and absorbing interest, and its pools, instead of being oval or round like those at Watkins, are as square as if hewn by human agency, out of the stratified rock. Its forests, foliage and general flora, including the mosses, lichens and ferns, are much like those of Watkins Glen— they could not be superior — and the universal sentiment of tourists is, that visitors should by all means see and explore both. Some of the principal scenes in the Havana Glen are known as " Portal Cascade," " Eagle Cliff Falls," " The Council Chamber," "Curtain Cascade," "Jacob's Lad- der," "The Bridal Veil," "Hermit's Gorge," "The Indian Oven," "The Mountain Tunnel," "Whispering Falls," "Chaos Gorge," "Echo Falls," "Fairies' Cascade," " Summit Falls," etc. " From the very beginning Havana Glen impresses the visitor as having a character of its own. The stream is larger than that of Watkins Glen. The rock is less shaley, and it has a strongly marked system of rect- angular points dividing the cliffs into square towers and buttresses. When a portion of the cliff falls, it does not leave a jagged face as in Watkins Glen ; but a mural surface as smooth and even as a fortress wall, giving the sides of canons the appearance of great diversity and grand simplicity. The eroding current follows the lines of division, zigzaging at right angles rather than curving after the fashion of ordinary streams. At times, as in the " Council Chamber," it cuts out perfect halls, with square corners and perpendicular sides, as unlike any- Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 123 thing in Watkins Glen as can be imagined. The walls are lower than in Watkins, but they seem higher because of their cleaii-cut faces. In Watkins there is a persistent sameness in diversity — a monotony of fantastic outline. Havana has a statelier, more majestic look. Watkins confuses while it amazes, bewildering by its multitude of details, infinitely various yet constantly similar. Havana has less variety and greater diversity — its plan seeming to be to present no two scenes at all alike. At times the cliff gives place to wooded escarpments ; vegetation creeps down into the gorge and throws a net-work of beauty and grace — truly glen-like — between two spaces of precipitous 1 Jck. The falls are fewer but in the main more massive, and the pools are square- cornered instead of oval. In short, the two Glens are not rivals, but complements, and the sight of one heightens rather than lessens the enjoyment of the other." There are efreshment houses at and near the entrance of the Havana Glen, and three good hotels in the village — the Montour House, which is in size and all things else a iirst-class house, and the Webster House and Central Hotel, which are smaller, but very attractive and nicely conducted. Carriages will convey visitors to and from the depot and public houses, and between the two Glens, at moderate rates. SENECA LAKE, Which is claimed and conceded to be one of the most beautiful and interesting sheets of water in the world, is nearly forty miles long, from two to four miles in width, of great depth, and unrivalled in purity and clearness by any of its sister lakes in Central New York. Its course '' ' . ■ ^i . f^'' 1v^ .,^*,. (Vtr «.'! ,1 :i'''' 124 Ail-Round Route aiui Panoramic Guide, ii.^« is nearly north and south, and its rising slopes, on either side, are a h'ving panoramic view of alternate and highly cultivated fields, orchards and vineyards, forests and village scenes, along its whole length ; which in summer, and especially when the golden hues of harvest time are woven into the magnificent ground-work of changing green, presents a double picture of unequalled and matchless beauty. This remarkable Lake has been sounded to the depth of nearly i,ooo feet. It rarely freezes in winter, and its steamboats ply between Watkins and Geneva, located at its northern extremity, the year round. Its localities of interest, aside from Glens, on the east side, are Hector Falls, a fine succession of cascades, and a beautiful point for pleasure parties, three miles north of Watkins ; North Hector point, where annual camp-meetings are held, usually in June, and where there is a good hotel well patronized in the summer months ; and the Willard Asylum, at Ovid, for the insane poor of the State. Geneva, at the foot of the Lake, is an attractive place in summer and the seat of Hobart College and its Medical and Surgical Museum. The view of the Lake and lis eastern shores from College Hill is one of the finest that can well be imagined, and is worth going miles to see. The two unopened twin Glens, with their fine cascades, at Rock Stream and Big Streax^ i^me six or eight miles below Watkins, and the splendid views from the high- lands in theii vicinity, are features well worthy of atten- tion on the part of those having abundant leisure ; while the view from the heights of Glenwood Cemetery, or Table Mountain as it was formerly called, north of the Watkins Glen, is unquestionably the grandest, most v-i'lkr.. ,..«-Vf»-'.> 1 ; \or antic Guide, 125 yi\ this portion of the i ==ion of Watkins and nd surroundings, the Ex.Pro/«stor <^ ^^Y ^sn't this locality i a summer vacation ? " Prof. Cltmib, wost delightful and in- Mineral Waters na t jj«i.* a. ^.i. of this ohronio dUr ^n addition to tne containing many ot. •. i j .-r out harm, their prcion, it abounds With sons, and those otb, . , . degenerate changeth have, DV years of changes are oonsta "^ useofthertronffertlient healing qualities. anylengthof time *=• ^ ^5i,?tim?)ri'h"aW the Erie Railway to iThiftSi&y'^hern Central, twenty ffl; and whffiatkins, or via the New peat worSfffihe^fc the Northern Central It is when used ooni, , r ^ ^ the patient, as an ajDut we prefer to return tiey westward via the ,v| stern Railway, to the And t/i which is the " Mecca " ,.w hot to have seen is his j of its beauties with a jn to do it justice. A Fbbnor Aval I A correspondent i?-*-"^^* cuesei a question of' waters:— ^g^jy j^g classed among Yesterday's jPvoh They are the pride of which is now actual^ , -. t i incoming back to a ideur, magnitude and papers ought not to ^,, , . °. , , , commission called 'ill the ClVlllzed WOrld. Boutmy and LutaudT Lur«d. Kpr«er|o"^e^^"l cataract, mil- t1?eTy Jon&lW countries to gaze with Ac^^^y'iS&eln the tumultuous fall of Mr. Wurts, hasiusti i • . r i.u unfortunately beyonf and majesty 01 the There stands now t' made by eminent ohtij than 160,000 siphons i do not speak about m a purity which it woil siphons, it seems moa they do no good, at li I, ■ b ' f M «'■ i.i/>^ if- •if ii' ; 124 All-Routid Routt is nearly north and soutl side, are a living panorai cultivated fields, orchai^ *«.«:. t- village scenes, along its y jf^^t MEREDITH CLYMEB, M.D,. and especially when the- Practiw qf Medieitu in the Univeraity of New York, k| woven into the magnifi eoneeming CONGRESS SPRING WATER. green, presents a doulritiiig on LitJumia Uoid Dyspepsia), says :-" Of the different! .11 v i. <^i .medi no one fulfils as well BO many of the required indidationHl matcniess beauty. 1 n)rder as the water of the Oongress Spring, at Saratoga. WhI J J i. ^1. J i-t. ^thesaltsfoondinthismay, sometimes, be used in like oases t sounded to the depth tlonifed use is sure to be attended with unpleasant effects, e\ ^erwise with sound organs, on account of their harahneae ; but| freezes in winter, and) already exist in the Kidneys and other organs, and in old pe i.ntly present, I have repeatedly known most ditaatrout consc^ W^atkins and Geneva, loand AinrsA waters, both native and imported, when taken inl . In an experience of over forty years with tbe^Cqngress S| the year round. Its Glens, on the east 1 iierfeot in its chemical cooatitution and in its remedial propertJ not known a single instance where, when used in suitable c\ cjd its habitual use at any age. This harmlessness, as well as if ^'attributed to the happy proportions in which the various alM ciirrf»c«i'rKn r»f racraHf-« „Milion, and which are so potent lorgood in thb class of dil :3UL.^c&&ioii ui cd^^duc:), dg their treatment makes Congress Water /actte jinncepH anil *-¥la. ' i-Ufo. .v^ ; 1 i^o « r^t^ " °®' alouo as a Gathartio and Laxative that the Goufress Si parties, mree miies noroianagement of these affections (and as such its action is miidl . . V 1 Hnuously and in less quantity that we derive so much benefil point, where annual canQterativeandregulatorof the digestive functions." June, and where there is 1 ■\ * . ^w 1; ir u ' .. i 1 ^ai * the summer months ; an OPlJflOJ^S OF THE PRESS, for the insane r >or of t,^^ ^^^ j^^^ ^^ ^^y concerning Mineral Wa\ of the Lake, is an attra< rw -o- m t,v ,««oo, , * [N. Y. Tribukk, February 13,51881.] seat of Hobart College important to mineral water drinkers. Museum. The view of I r /- 11 TTM1 • iTus or MimBAL AND Mancfaotubbd Waters AS AmoTxl from College rlill is on< with Metaluo Substakobs. imacrinpH and is worth da Paris has sent us the following from J%« jPwaro of Nov. 21 imaginea, anu is woriii gj^^^^ importance to both manufacturers and consumers of The two unopened twi ^jp^^ j^ ^^„^ ^^^^^^ a, I88O.) at Rock Stream and Biglo defended the artificial Seltzer water against some aoousatj $y being examined by the Academy of Science. We believe C below Watkins, and the riuestion the gravity of which is plain to everybody. We thin ipronounoe themselves on this matter. There is at the Acad lanHci in their vicinitv atf^^^ Insalubrious Arts," which is now examining the n lanas m uieir vicinity, ^^f. naturally it is thi« commission which shall judge the sipho *if\n f\n i-Vtf^ nart rtf fh nc A'^t^PP^BB'^ everybody knows. The eminent chemists, Bon tion on me part 01 Lnosq,jg^^^th^^^^g„,yj^^gjj^j,^jj.gpg^ .^ ^hich these gentlj 4.U^ ir.'^^^mr A-^m fViA Vi/>«<^tod Bcvenil samplcs of siphous to a ohomical aoalysls, thcj tne view irom tne neig^antitles of lead, ammoniac and azotio substances. Theyh T" ui^ ivyr-^.,..,4.„;., ^^^ :*■ „i>f tin per litre, and lastly in some samples up to 2 milligr lable Mountain as it V\|i that the report should be examined and discussed, butth< i«r ^1 • /-^i • ihad OwOasion to declare that the chemical analyses made hi Watkins Glen, is unqik all question. | pe matter. It is not a question about a simple narrative , bnl ^imists. The question is not to know if the hospitals of Pal ber year, but to know if they ate wrong in doing it. The nl iiedioinal waters, but such as the St. Galmier and the Gondilll . ttld be absurd to contest. Waiting, therefore, for a definitive re prudent to adhere to the natural waters, which, as the [ last do not make any harm. " All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 125 beautiful and sublime to be found on this portion of the American continent. From the preceding description of Watkins and Havana Glens, Seneca Lake and surroundings, the query will naturally suggest itself, " Why isn't this locality a pleasant place in which to spend a summer vacation ? " It certainly is, being one of the most delightful and in- teresting spots on the continent In addition to the pleasurable features of the section, it abounds with numerous mineral springs which have, by years of experience, proven to possess excellent healing qualities. This locality is readily accessible by the Erie Railway to Elmira, from thence via the Northern Central, twenty miles northward to Havana or Watkins, or via the New York Central to Canadaigua, where the Northern Central is taken southward to destination, but we prefer to return to Elmira, and continue our journey westward via the New York, Lake Erie and Western Railway, to the world-renowned cataract, to visit which is the " Mecca '* of every tourist's pilgrimage, and not to have seen is t's reproach ; we approach the recital of its beauties witii a sense of the inadequacy of the pen to do it justice. ' ^ NIAGARA FALLS. v^y^HE Falls of Niagara may justly be classed among m^ the wonders of the world. They are the pride of America, and their grandeur, magnitude and magnificence are well known to all the civilized world. Ever since the discovery of this wonderful cataract, mil- lions have flocked thither from all countries to gaze with feelings of the deepest solemnity on the tumultuous fall of water, and to adore the power and majesty of the IM. V';>" M I ■', i4 hPI •!»'.•■;■■ 'i i«K( '"a* ' i i' rMffi'^ ■'•?''* /'mIi ■ ■<"'• i ' »*•■ ' ; .('S?' *'>lf 1 •''■' M " ■ '• i 1 ,■■ *'i ' 1 * ' ■ • , i '■■ ■ .. !'' ; 2fi . «' ^ ' ' -'^ M ^,c .?',*'i 9 ;;.Xi.l "^fi *l ".* '•■»'« " 3 !■ ' ("' i t u3 1 ItH ,\'V' ' ■ i>| „ * ■ ■r i ■ ',"''^, !•■ ' 1 •■ ' ,, - ^1 »' '■ ■ , i r. !1 ',' *■ '* *■■■':; :•■,.> < ' f ■■:mm '-•':. .'^ V; Vtr,iM"»,iI ' , yM '■f % *■ *>■'.' '•■■■:• 4 ].; t- ■* N^ 1 i"- ' ' ■} ■' . •■ I-' ' \ ',- "■ *A Al • h^':n ' '-i Sxapiro Bpriag Wates. i. . . . ■•, - .■ TUi water la iarslaable m a vrt/vtnxtirt or remedy for intermittent,, gastrio and bilioae feven» dyienteriee and ▼arions disorders of the liver and kidneys. It is highly esteemed for the treat- menj of obsoara and ohronio diseases, requiring alterative and diuretio remedies— being ezten* sive^ used with very benefieial effeots in a great yariety of rheumatio and sorpfiilous affections. It a|ts freely as a oathartic, without produoing the debility, pain and nausea that usually attend thebse of cathartio drugs, gives vigor to the ofroulation, removes constipation, creates an appeUte, aodfpromotes a healthy eondition of all the secretions and ezcretionj of the Rystem. liaionoirs VOB Usaro.— ils a catkartie^ drink (not aip) twa hall pint glasses of the water tw*ty or thirty minutes before breakfkst. A cup of hot tea or coffee taken just before eating will irallyaid the cathartio effects. Experience in individual cases may show that less, or, possi- . at first, more of the water may be required. For alterative, dwrette and tonto effects, tne irner is belt taken in small potations frequently through the day. ANALYSIS BY PROF. C. F. CHANDLER. Laboratotv <^ the School of Minet, Columbia Cott«e, \ ITiw Tou, AuguH IMk, 1872. $ The sample of EMPIRE SPRING WATER, taken bjrme from the Spring at Saratoga, eon- tains, in one United States gallon of 231 onbio inches : Chloride of Sodium 506.630 graini. Chloride of Potassium 4-292 Bicarbonate of Magnesia \j^'^ . Bicarbonate of Lime 109.656 ' Bicarbonate of Lithia 2.080 " Bicarbonate of Soda 9.^ " Bicarbonate of Baryta 0.070 " Bicarbonate of Iron 0.793 " Bicarbonate of Strontia *, !i^%P«' ^ {Iromide of Sodium 0.266 *4| odideofSodium 0.006 " Sulphate ttfPotassa 2.769 ' Phosphate of Soda O.Offl " SUica 1-458 " Alumina 0.408 •• Fluoride of Calcium,) Biborate of Soda, > each a tiaoe. Organic Matter, ) Totid 680.436 grains. Oarboaio Acid Gas 344.669 cubic in. BespeetiOally your obedient servant, _ **pr^, 0. F. CHANliLBR, Ph. D., P.CS., -^ Profeseor of Analytical and Appliai Chemiitry- Is a Chalybeate Mineral Water, possessing tonic properties of a highly beneficial character. It has einatuativ (tetive effects in the Kidneve and Bladder, restoring healthy action to tbese organs if debilitated by lone disease, and acts as a dissolvent in the distressing disease of gravel in a sinc^ular manner; and by experience of those who have used it, has removed all doubt of its txmtirte beneficial effects in inflammatory conditione of ike Kidneya and Bladder. For Diabetes it stands unrivalled as a remedial agent, and for the cure of those numerous diseases known only to the female sex, it has been used with singular and decided success. ANALYSIS OF COLUMBIA WATER. The>gpecifie gravity of this water is 1007.3. Its solid and gaseous contents as follows : ^orida of Sodium ..-.267.00 grains. !| re, it- n- 18. Qd te. :er ill Bi- ke n- ' WTiat MEREDITH CLYMEB, M.D.. I!x-Pr(if«uor <^ Practiee qf Medicine in the University qf New York, ete,y hat to tap concerning CONGRESS SPRING WATER. Prof. Gltx ib, writing on Lithtemia (Acid Dyspepsia), says :— ** Of the different natural Alkaline Mineral Waters named, no one fulfils as well so many ot' the required indidationa ia the treatment of this ohronio disorder as the water of the Congress Spring, at Saratoga. Whilst other waters containing many of the salts found in this may> sometimes, be used in like oases temporarily with- out harm, their prolonged use is sure to be attended with unpleasant effects, even in young ner- sons, and those otherwise with sound organs, on account of their harthneua ; but iu persons where degenerate changes already exist in the Kidneys and other organs, and in old persons where such changes are constantly present, I have repeatedly known most diaoutroua contequencee follow the use of the ttronger and Karah waters, both native and imported, when taken in full doses and for any length of time. In an experience of over f Cirty years with the Congress Spring Water (and which to-day is aa perfect in its chemical constitution and in its remedial properties as at any pre- Tioud time), I have not known a single instance where, when used in suitable cases any unplea- sant effects followed its habitual use at any age. This harmlessness, as well as its efficiency, may, I think, be rightly attributed to the happy proportions in which the various alkaline salts which enter into it;) comijosition, and which are so potent tbrgood in this class of disorders, are com- bined, and which in their treatment makes Congress Water /act7e princepn amongst the natural mineral waters. It is not alone as a Cathartic and Laxative that the Confiress Spring Water is of great worth in the management of these affections (and as such its action is mild and prompt), but it is when used continuously and in less quantity that we derive so much benefit> without risk to the patient, as an alterative and regulator of the digestive functions. " OP2J\riOJVS OF THE PRESS. And what they have to say concerning Mineral Waters. [N. Y. Tribunb, February 13X1881.] IMPORTANT TO MINERAL WATER DRINKERS. A Fbrngh AvALTLia or Minibal akd MAmrPAOTCBKD Waters as AmcTRD bt (Tomtaot WITH Mbtaluo Substamgbs. A correspondent in Paris has sent us the following from 17u Figaro of Nov. 21, 1880, which dis^ cufsesa question of great importance to both manufacturers and consumers of artificial mineral C/Vom The Figaro of Nov. 21, 1880. ) TesterdayV Figaro defended the artificial Seltser water against some aoonsations, the truth of which is now actually being examined by the Academy of Science. We believe ourselves justified in coming back to a question the gravity of which is plain to everybody. We thit k that as vet the papers ought not to pronounce themselves on this matter. There is at the Academy of Science a commission called " The Insalubrious Arts," which is now examining the report of Messrs. Boutmy and Lutaud : naturally it is thi^ commission which shall judge the siphons in the ast in- stance. What has happened everybody knows. The eminent chemists, Boutmy anc Doctor Lutaud, have presented to the Academy a detailed report' in which these gentlemen stated that after having subuiitted several samples of siphons to a chemical analysis, they have found rela- tively considerable quantities of lead, ammoniac and azotic substances. They have discovered as much as 14 milligr. of tin per litre, and lastlv in some samples up to 2 railligr. of copper. The Academy has decided that the report should be examined and discussed* but the honoranle Dean, Mr. Wurtz, ha|8 just had occasion to declare that the chemical analyses made have given results unfortunately beyond all question. There stands now the matter. It is not a question about a simple narrative , but serious analyses made by eminept chemists. The question is not to know if the hospitals of Paris consume more than ISOtOOOsiphons per year, but to know if they are wrong in doing it. The natural waters (we do not speak about medicinal waters , but such as the St . Oalmier and the Gondillao) are at least of a punty which it would be absurd to contest. Waiting, therefore, for a definitive judgment of the siphons, It seems more prudent to adhere to the natural waters, which, M the saying goes, "if they do no good, at least do not make any harm. " ii, - ■ i> 'V «?".■)_ -*'' I li. fe w, ..ii;ta6j*»i*i^«.~-.. , < ■ ;:t'. IV »■■ . I 4 1 '.'.■' ■•»•:■> 'J ■ i.ii.'li ^ 1'' )t '■ '! "fill" , ill' !^!V li,, lj , . 1 26 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. Almighty as there exhibited and realized amid the sub- lime scenery of this stupendous waterfall. Over this great cataract has been pouring ceaselessly through the centuries of the past, with the deafening roar of a thousand thunders, a torrent of water over three- fourth of a mile wide and 20 feet in depth, or an aggregate, it is calculated, of a hundred million tons per hour. No wonder that to this grandest of natural shrines the untutored aborigines were wont to come yearly and worship their Great Spirit, and propitiate him by the sacrifice of an Indian maiden, sent down on the current in a flower-laden canoe to her death in the terrible vortex ; no wonder that they led thither the first missionaries who penetrated these wilds, and pointed in speechless awe to the mighty cataract ; and no wonder that in these latter days thousands of tourists from every part of this country and Europe annually make this spot their destination, and stand gazing in mute surprise, as did the savage and the priest before them, at this wonder of the world. In the following pages we shall attempt to guide the traveller to the various points whence the finest views of the Falls may be obtained, and thereafter, conduct him to the spots of peculiar interest in the neighbor- hood. The Falls of Niagara were first seen by a white man over two hundred years ago. Father Hemupitiy a French Jesuit missionary, first saw them when on an expedition of discovery in the year 1678. The spots of interest to be visited, besides the great Fall itself are : The ground where the memorable battle of Lundey's Lane was fought ; the Whirlpool below the V^ik IK '■}; All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 127 Falls , the Suspension Bridges ; the Devil's Hole, and the Bloody Run; the Cueenston Heights, General Brock's Monument ; the burning Spring, etc. The Village of t/ie Falls, through which you pass on your way from the cars, lies on the east side of the river, in the immediate vicinity of the grand cataract, 22 miles by rail from the city of Buffalo on Lake Erie, and 300 by rail from Albany, This is a fashionable place of resort dnring summer and autumn, and the Hotels at the village are excellent in all respects, and most agreeable abodes for those who intend to sojourn for a time within sound of the Falls. Having landed our traveller safely at Niagara, the choice of an hotel is the matter of paramount importance. General opinion is much divided on this subject, many travellers asserting that the American side is the only one to stay at and see the Falls, as the Rapids and Goat Island are to be reached from that side only, whilst others take the broader view of the question — that the minor attractions ought to give place to the Falls, and that the only place to obtain an uninterrupted view of the two mighty cataracts is from the Canadian side. We shall, however leave this question to be decided by the traveler, and merely observe that the hotels on both sides are very good, that is to say, the " International," and " Spencer House," on the American side, and the " Brunswick," on the Canadian Shore ; any of which can be well recom- mended. Having selected our hotel, it is scarcely necessary to say that days of sojourn at the Falls are desirable to see them in all their varying aspects, and become fully acquainted with their beauty and grandeur, often y •! ■<•■•■ -■'■ C « •.lalj ..■ -Mil -'ft' f ' F '; •I'-.l' • ..;.,,,.■ '■■■ i.i; ■ r.'^c ' 11 ; .'*! ' 1 128 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, underrated by those who only pay the ^^alls a flying visit. The tourist and pleasure traveller, however, will be best served with a brief statement of the most beautiful and most conveniently attained points of view. Without doubt, Prospect Park, near the International Hotel, is the greatest attraction on the American side. These grounds, comprising what are familiarly known as the " Ferry Grove," and " Point View," were purchased by the Prospect Park Company in 1872. Rarely, indeed, do Nature and Art so perfectly combine to spread before the delighted gaze so much that is wonderful, beautiful and sublime. Passing through the umbrageous groves, along the beautiful winding carriage drives we emerge upon the point in front of the Museum and Art Gallery, where thousands of visitors are photographed every year, the grand adjacent scenery being utilized to fill in the pictures. The entrance fee to the above establishment is repaid a thousand-fold by the fine display of curious and and interesting objects, photographs, stereoscopic views, geological specimens, &c. &c., which become so interest- ing to the visitor that it is really with reluctance that he takes his leave. From the Art Gallery it is but a step to the Point A solid wall of masonry guards this spot, and continues along the bank of the River to the New Suspension Bridge. Standing at the angle, directly over the American Falls, so close that one might almost thrust out his hand into the roaring mass of water as it rolls seething by, we have spread before us a magnificent view of Goat Island, the Horseshoe Falls, Table Rock, the Clifton and Brunswick Hotels, the new Suspension Bridge, the American Falls, with the 'ne "'M'l. All-Roitnd Route and Panoramic Guide, 129 frowning rocks below and the Ferry to the Canada side. Cool, shady walks run in all directions through the Park, and rustic seats at intervals invite the visitor to linger here and gaze at the magnificent scenery. The Park Company have also erected a beautiful pavilion, where visitors can " trip the light fantastic toe " within sound of the roar of the great cataract. An elegant restaurant is also on the grounds, vvhere they can regale the inner man when tired of sight-seeing. Then we may enter the Ferry House and descend the Incline Railway through a cut in the bank to the water's edge, a distance of 360 feet The spiral stairs constructed here in 1825 having become shaky with age, the present novel but commodious contrivance was inaugurated in 1845. The flight of steps leading along the railway consists of 290 steps. The car is drawn up the inclined plane by water power, an overshot wheel being turned by a stream diverted from the river for that purpose. Around a wheel eight feet in diameter, which turns in a horizontal position at the head of the railway, runs a cable two and a half inches in diameter and 300 feet in length, attached to a car at either end, and supported by pulleys placed at convenient intervals down the grade. At the foot of the stairs, turning to the left, the Company has erected a commodious and substantial building, from which may be obtained, from the base of ^ne descending torrent, one of the most magnificent views of the Falls, looked at through those wonderful clouds of rising spray, refracting the sun's, rays in all the colors of the rainbow, and sparkling and shimmering in the light, like clouds of diamond dust Then donning tarpaulin coats and hats, we may pass in behind the 9 •Ji ■ ^^, • I.' ■<■■«: * - m I' » 'I Vi I' ' ' f .! .«' ii:- ii <. ,)• I ■'»' ', :;■'' : 'f , ■ < 1 !^i-^ 1 ■"*> '■' 1 130 All-RoHud Route and Panoramic Guide. cataract and see the wonders of the caves, and look out upon the waters as they roll over our heaus. The Ferry to the Canadian side is close at hand, and seating our- selves in the ferry boat we are soon dancing over the agitated waters. From the river the Falls are seen to great advantage. Formerly the shades of night brought the pleasures of the day to a close, but science and enterprise have lengthened the hours of enjoyment for us. Eighteen electric lights pour their brilliant rays upon the scene, infusing the spray clouds with gorgeous rainbow tints, and illuminating thef rolling waters with a brilliancy beyond description. The Canadian side stands out clear and distinct, and the whole scene is wonderfully beautiful, weird and sublime. Prospect Park is certainly the spot which the traveler will visit first, and where he will linger longest. No one should fail to visit the Park both by day and by night. There is a fascination about this mighty cataract which seems to chain us to this spot, and when we seek to leave it draws us irresistibly back again. Even in describing it, however inadequately the task may be accomplished, we are loth to lay down the pen and tear ourselves away. The Almighty has invested Niagara with a power that none can resist, and those who gaze upon it for the first time have a new era in their existence opened up, new thoughts and impressions stamped indelibly upon their hearts, which haunt them in after years, and linger in their memories till time is swallowed in eternity. Proceeding to the Falls, our task is now, in as few words as possible, to direct the tourist as to what to see and how to see it. We will, therefore, explain that the The with are not when influen wizard Wh< stupenc that it All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 131 larger cataract stretching from shore to shore is the Canadian or Horseshoe Fall, whilst the smaller one is the American. The dimensions of the two Falls must necessarily be a matter of computation, and they are estimated as follows. The American Fall| 900 feet across, with a drop of 164 feet. The Canadian Fall, 1,900 feet across, with a drop of 158 feet ; and it is stated by Professor Lyell that fifteen hundred millions of cubic feet of water pass over this fall every hour ! HORBESHOE FALL. The traveler in his first visit to the Falls is impressed with a sense of inexpressible amazement His emotions are not unlike those of the votary of necromancy, who, when once within the magic circle, trembles under the influence of the enchanter, even before he confronts the wizard himself. HORSESHOE FALL. Who can forget his first view of this grand and stupendous spectacle? The roaring is so tremendous that it would seem, that if all the lions that have ever ■'• 14' 'v,'. its ^* \. ■ :vpl a >• .s •"■/.' ■v /■! U 'P- l..' \i f--. ;'.r^< 'i i.-^ • ";i '"^1 j [4 . ' '<■'' 1 , « ■<• j_ 1 ?■•_" ,. . i» • ■■ f -';.: it rrv > ,'♦ ': *^ a, ^cM-iJ .*Bi 132 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, lived since the days of Daniel could join their voices in one " Hallelujah " chorus, they would produce but a whisper in comparison to the deep diapason of this most majestic of all Nature's pipes or organs. The bridge which connects the mainland with Goat Island is eagerly passed, and we explore the whole of this curious crag, which is rightly named, for it is found fantastic enough to suggest that goats only could find a comfort- \able footing. The sublimity of /the scene increases at every step ; but when we come upon the mighty Cataract, we gaze in THE BAPID8. speechless wonder. But words cannot describe the grandeur of this scene, nor the emotion which it excites ; neither can the pencil, any more than the pen, do it justice. The silent and still picture wants the motion and the sound of that stupendous rush of waters. It is impossible to paint the ever-rising column of spray that spires upward from the foaming gulf below, or the prismatic glory that crowns it ; for there indeed has God forever " set his bow " in the cloud, and cold must be the heart that in such a scene remembers not His covenant. ./' -. NEW SUSPENSION BRIDGE. The desirability of erecting a bridge nearer the falls, and for carriage or foot passengers only, had long been spoken of, and finally, after much trouble and perseverance, charters were obtained from the State of New York and the Province of Ontario, and work was commenced in 1867. Its cost was nearly $1,200,000. It •■.1». *;riP>{''ir All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 133 is located about 1,800 feet below the American Falls, on the American side, landing on the Canadian side, only 5 or 10 rods below the Clifton House. The towers on m a BO S5 tn o a! n w o Q a the Canadian side are 120 feet high, and on the American side 106 feet high. The span is 1,230 feet ■>■• ■.'.: ^•^m% :"'' ■i''(l f (i'l ' Up ■I i.!^ 134 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, from tower to tower. The height from the water to the floor of the bridge is 256 feet. There is a single track for carriages, and space at one side for foot passengers. The bridge has at each side a strong railing five feet high. The estimated strength of the structure is over 150 tons, and as 10 or 15 tons is all that could well be placed on the bridge at one time by its ordinary traffic^ the greatest confidence prevails as to its stability. It has now passed through twelve winters with its load of ice and frozen spray, so that it is no longer an experiment, but a fixed fact, and full confidence has been established. It stands as a great, lasting monument to J. T. Bush, who conceived the project, and carried it to a successful termination. The view from the centre of it is exceed- ingly fine ; suspended in mid-air — in full view of both the American and Horseshoe Falls — the river above and below, with its beautiful banks from 150 to 250 feet perpendicular, presents a view never before enjoyed by visitors to this wonderfully beautiful resort. The erection of this bridge brings Goat Island and the side of Table Rock within easy walking distance. '. u ^ ill ii* '''>'''fri^ ^ 1- i ' '6 > '» f I- .•■■ i i r •., ■ MMkik.^ SfU' , 142 AU-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, She is the only craft, so far as is known, that ever made this fearful trip, and lived. Though the pilot had performed many hazardous exploits in saving the lives of persons who had fallen into the river, yet this last act in taking the " Maid of the Mist " through the whirlpool is the climax of all his adventures. THE devil's hole, Is a large triangular chasm in the bank of the river, three and a half miles below the falls. The Bloody Run, a ravine so called from a sanguinary engagement between two hostile Indian tribes, falls into this chasm. THE WHIRLPOOL. Another very attractive point of interest which the tourist will wish to visit is the WHIRLPOOL RAPIDS PARK. — (CANADIAN SIDE.) This new and attractive resort (always in the shade after noon) is situated on the Canadian side of the Niagara River Rapids, one minute's walk north of the Railroad Suspension Bridge, and is reached by a double hydraulic gravitating elevator running down to the water's edge. From thence, picturesque, shady and level walks wind along the edge of the mighty rapids, passing Alt-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 143 a superb fountain throwing up spray to the height of one hundred feet, across a rustic bridge, beneath which rushes a beautiful cascade, making three distinct leaps from the cliffs over two hundred feet above the river. At the grandest point of the rapids a rustic platform has been constructed, projecting forty feet over the wildest part of the river, affording the most sublime view of these wonderful rapids. Beneath this platform i'^ the Boiling Well which bubbles up with mighty impetuosity, bidding defiance to the raging rapids. Landed at the edge of the Grand Rapids below, the visitor finds himself in the midst of a scene of wild grandeur which is almost indescribable. For nearly 250 feet the cliffs rise in a nearly perpendicular line. Above them and across the gorge stretches the mighty Suspension Bridge, the passing trains looking like play- things in the distance. Beyond and through the ffame work of dark green formed by the overhanging trees, Niagara rushes ceaselessly, obscured at times by the clouds of white mist that ascend to the sky, and for the very obscurity all the more grandly beautiful. Dashing, roaring, whirling on through the narrow passes, beating its way against the rocks that for ages have borne up against the shock, comes the accumulation of waters. Rising higher and higher as they flow onward, crying out almost in agony for more room to move, they are still hemmed in by the silent, awful cliffs. Dashing onward, driven forward by the never-ending flow from behind, they reach the most contracted part of the channel. Here for a moment it seems almost as if the mighty volume paused, unable to struggle further, and then, with renewed effort, impelled by some all-powerful ,;v •:l^. '.if.' i ■.» ■ ' ■M -.-It :<':■-'' -'1.' '■", >,• ■ii'} >■« n ''I i J- «i^' 146 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, liii 'it". ft . was a drawbridge to ensure isolation. Circumstances forbidding compliance with this request, he took up his residence in an old house on Iris Island, which he rendered as comfortable as the state of the case would admit. Here he remained about eighteen months, when the intrusion of a family interrupted hb habits of seclusion and meditation. He then quietly withdrew, and reared for himself a less commodious habitation near Prospect Point. When winter came, a cheerful fire of wood blazed upon the hearth, and he beguiled the long hours of evening with reading and music. It was strange to hear in such solitude the long-drawn thrilling notes of the violin, or the softer melody of the fiute, gushing forth from that low-browed hut ; or the guitar breathing out so lightly amid the rush and thunder of the never slumbering torrent. Though the world of letters was familiar to his mind, and the living world to his observa- tion, for he had travelled widely both in his native Europe and the East, he sought not association with mankind to unfold, or to increase his store of knowledge. Those who had occasionally conversed with him spoke with equal surprise and admiration of his colloquial powers, his command of lanfguage, and his fervid eloquence ; but he seldom and sparingly admitted this intercourse, studiously avoiding society, though there seemed in his nature nothing of misanthropy or moroseness ; on the contrary, he showed kindness to even the humblest animal. Birds instiiictively learned this amiable trait in his character, and freely entered his dwelling, to receive from his hands crumbs or seeds. But the absorbing delight of his solitary residence was communion with Niagara. Here he might be seen at i QD H 00 n s I o '■a CO All-Rmmd Route and Panoramic Guide, ia7 5r^-^i '*•' ,■?! i.' V, tiM J'JfJ *c.i' li'i'y' •M :. A. ??^;: •*^; (.«;*■ ^^'i ''"^ •«•! *'' . ',S »)''.,' 'i! f liilii).: ■■*!, !' . i.li ', a • ,1 •'•7 '•■'■ j«i'.; 148 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, every hour of the day or night, a fervent worshipper. . At the gray dawn he went to visit it in the veil of mist ; at noon, he banqueted in the full splendor of its glory ; beneath the soft tinting [of the lunar bow he lingered; looking for the angel whose pencil had painted it ; and at solemn midnight he knelt at the same shrine. Neither the storms of autumn nor the piercing cold of winter prevented his visits to the temple of his adora- tion. There was at this time, an extension of the Terrapin Bridge, by a single beam of timber carried out ten feet over the fathomless abyss, where it hung tremulously, guarded only by a rude parapet Along this beam he often passed and repassed in the darkness of night He even took pleasure in grasping it with his hands, and thus suspending himself over the awful gulf ; so much had his morbid enthusicism taught him to revel amid the terribly sublime. Among his favorite gratifications, was that of bathing, in which he indulged daily. On a bright but rather chilly day in the month of June, 183 1, a man employed about the ferry saw him go into the water, and for a long time after observed his clothes to be still lying upon the bank. The poor hermit had taken his last bath. It was supposed that cramps might have been induced by the chill of the atmosphere, or the water. Still the body /was not found, the depth and force of the current below being exceedingly great In the course of their search they passed on to the Whirl- pool. There, amid those boiling eddies, was the body, making fearful and rapid gyrations upon the face of the black waters. At some point of suction it suddenly plunged and disappeared. Again emerging, it was n *• . All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 149 >^ #,|1^' fearful to see it leap half its length above the flood, then float motionless as if exhausted, and anon spring upward and seem to struggle like a maniac battling with a mortal foe. For days and nights this terrible scene was prolonged. It was not until the 21st of June, that after many efforts they were able to recover the body and bear it to his desolate cottage. There they found his faithful dog guarding the door. Heavily had the long period worn away while he watched for his only friend* and wondered why he delayed his coming. He scrutinized the approaching group suspiciously, and would not willingly have given them admittance. A stifled wail at length showed his intuitive knowledge of his master, whom the work of death had effectually disguised from the eyes of man. On the pillow was his pet kitten, and in different parts of the room were his guitar, flute, violin, portfolio and books scattered, the books open as if recently used. It was a touching sight ; the hermit mourned by his humble retainers, the poor animals that loved him, and the body ready to be laid by strange hands in a foreign grave. The motives that led this singular and accomplished being, learned in the languages, in the arts and sciences, improved by extensive travel, and gifted with personal beauty and a feeling heart, to seclude himself in the flower of youth from human society, are still enveloped in mystery. All that is known is that his name was Francis Abbott, that he was a native of England, where his father was a clergyman, and that he received from thence ample remittances for his comfort. These facts had been previously ascertained, but no written papers were found in his cell to throw additional light upon the ♦iS-i' ' .'•'. '^5 m ^h m-M I 111 m .»ivl . I'\' 150 AlURound Route and Panoramic Guide, obscurity, in which he has so effectually wrapped the history of his pilgrimage. THE THREE SISTER BRIDGES. These costly and substantial structures are built over the three channels which separate the Three Sisters from each other and from Goat Island, presenting new and grand views of the Rapids and Falls, unequalled from any other point These three bridges combine strength and beauty. They are alike, being slightly convex, that is, higher in the middle than at either end, thus adding to their strength. \ The ends are fastened into the solid rock. Two rods, two inches in diameter, pass under each bridge, and are also fastened into the rocks at either end. The peculiar construction of the railing adds much to their strength and beauty. A fourth island, or sister, was discovered while the bridges were being built ; to it, a bridge has also been thrown. From the head of the third sister may be seen one continuous Cascade or Fall, extending as far as the eye can reach, from Goat Island across to the Canada shore, varying from ten to twenty feet in lieight From this minature Niagara rises a spray similar to that of the great Falls. The Rapids here descend fifty-one feet in three-quarters of a mile, and they are one of the prominent features of Niagara. Viewed from the Bridge they look like " a battle-charge of tempestuous waves, animated and infuriated, against the sky." As they pass towards the falls the commotion becomes more deeply intense, and they struggle as if desiring to escape the tremendous abyss into which they are about to be hurled. Suddenly, as they approach « . M. All-Rmnd Route and Panoramic Guide, 151 the verge, resignation seems to come over them, and in apparent calmness they accept their fate, and in an instant pass beyond our view. It is now nearly 200 years since the eye of the Euro- pean first saw these wonderful rapids and falls. Father Hennepin, in 1678, was conducted by the Indians to this spot, and there beheld the " wonder of the world.*' For ages before his visit, and for nearly two centuries since, the mighty river has continued to flow in " floods so grand and inexhaustible, as to be utterly unconscious of the loss of the hundred millions of tons, which they pour every hour over the stupendous precipice." " Still do these waters roll, and leap, and roar, and " tumble all day long ; still are the rainbows spanning " them a hundred feet below. Still, when the sun is on " them, do they shine and glow like molten gold. Still, " when the day is gloomy, do they fall like snow, or seem " to crumble away like the front of a great chalk cliff, or " roll down the rock like dense white smoke. But always ** does the mighty stream appear to die as it comes down, " and always from the unfathomable grave arises that " tremendous ghost of spray and mist which is never " laid, which has haunted this place with the same dread " solemnity since darkness brooded on the deep, and that " first flood before the deluge — Light — came rushing on ** creation at the Word of God." Luna Island is beautifully placed just in the very curve of the fall. This island, as it appears in its summer as well as its winter dress, is graphically described in *' Picturesque America," from which we quote as follows ; " It is pleasant enough in summer, for it has evergreens, trees, and bushes, grasses and wild flowers in abundance, '1 *'^V|vi I Is? - '- %^ 1% .1 «>' 4 ■ - -' ■ m >!' II; »' :r^ 152 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. the atmosphere of spray by v/hich it is surrounded being^ apparently favorable to vegetation. At night time, when there is a moon, a fine lunar bow is visible f>om the bridge that connects it with Goat Island, and hence it« name. But the great glory of Lana Island ib in the winter, when all the vegetation is encrusted with frozen spray. The grasses are no loiiger ma^Jsed in tufts, but each particular blade is sheathed in a scabbard of dia- mond;;, and flashes radiantly at every motion of the wind. Every tiee, according to its foliage, receives the frozen masses differer/cly. Tn some, especially evergreens, with pinnatified leaves, each separate needle is covered with a fine coating of dazzling white. In others, where the boughs and branches are bare, the spray lodges upon the twigs, and gives to the eye cubes of ice that greatly resemble the uncouth joints of the cactus. In some evergreens the spray being rejected by the oleaginous particles, forms in apple-like balls at the extremities of the twigs and the nooks of the branches. Those close to the verge of the fall are loaded so completely with dazzling heaps of collected frozen spray that the branches often give way, and the whole glittering heap comes Bashing down in crumbUng ruin. On the ground the spray falls in granulated circular drops of opaque white ; but, wherever there is a stone or a boulder, ice is massed about it in a thousand varying shapes. Let us peep down from the verge, and regardless of the noise and the smoke of the waterfall, give our attention solely to the ice. It stretches in great columns from the top to the bottom of the falls, and a colonnade is formed, such as one reads of in the fantastic stories of the East, where alabaster and marble, jade and porphyry, are carried to Ah All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 153 the skies in the tremendous palaces of pre- Adamite kings. The frozen spray descending upon these, covers them with a delicate tracery of flowers and ferns, and even of resemblance to human heads, which is a beautiful and strange sight. " In winter time we may not descend on the American side; but, if we might, surely we should discern the most wondrous ice configurations along the verge of the pathway. The descent can be made at this time under the Table Rock ; and the visitor passes from the stair- ways into a defile of the kind that Dante dreamed of in his frozen Bolgia. Along the side of the rock walls are rows of stalactites, about the size of the human body, to which all of them bear a quaint resemblance. Upon the other side, massed along the verge of the bank, are ice heaps that mount up fifty feet into the troubled air, some of them partially columnar in shape, but the majority looking like coils of enormous serpents that have been changed by the rod of the enchanter into sullen ice. " It must be remembered that, if winter gives much, it also takes away much. If it covers the trees and the grass with diamonds, and heaps up ice-serpents, and builds colonnades and spires stnd obelisks, it takes away a great . part of the volume of the water, for the thousand rills that feed the great lakes have been rent from the hills by the fierce hand of the frost giant, and clank around his waist as a girdle. Those who love color and light, and majesty of sound, will do well to come in the summer ; those who like the strange, the fantastic, and the fearful, must come in the winter. But the true lover of the picturesque in Nature, will come at % ■ 'Ik ^} *;ij it: vi. ii '■ \ I'" ^ 1 >l ,,. 1" ' ■ ■ . * ■ .1 »"■ ■ , ' 1 '• :' 'V, :-» 1 ^1l it 4 i 154 All'Rmnd Route and Panoramic Guide, both times. Each has its special charm ; each has some thing which the other lacks ; but in both are features of transcendent beauty." We shall now conduct our tourist to one spot on the Canadian side where, perhaps of all others, the finest view of the watt falls can be seen. It is along the railway track that lies at the back of Mr. Zimmerman's house, where an open spot is reached, near a small reservoir immediately above the Falls. From this point of observation a scene is presented of such grandeur and magnificence, that our language would almost seem too meagre to furnish the words necessary to adequately describe it As we gaze we realize to some slight extent the tremendous power of the fall as well as its height. A celebrated English visitor at this spot expresses his admiration in the following terms : " I now caught my first sight of that wondrous vision which is worth a pilgrimage from England to see. I have since had an opportunity of making it a study, and my conviction is that if there is anything in the world which defies at once description and analysis, and which excites in the beholder by turns, ideas of grandeur, beauty, terror, power, sublimity, it is expressed in that one word — Niagara. J. have seen it in the most of its summer aspects. I have gazed upon the marvellous . panorama from the rapids above, to the whirlpool below. I have looked up to it from the river, and down upon it from the Terrapin tower. I have bathed in its light, and been drenched with its spray. I have dreamed over it through the hot afternoon, and have heard it thunder in the watches of the night. On all the headlands, and on all the islands, I have stood entranced and wondering. All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 155 while the mist has shrouded it, and while the sun has broken it into rainbows, I have seen it fleecy as the snowflake ; deepening into the brightest emerald ; dark and leaden as the angriest November sky, — but in all its moods there is instruction, solemnity, delight. Stable in its perpetual instability ; changeless in its everlasting change ; a thing to be ' pondered in the heart,' like the revelation to the meek Virgin of old ; with no pride in the brilliant hues that are woven in its eternal loom ; with no haste in the majestic roll of its waters ; with no weariness in its endless psalm — it remains through the eventful years an embodiment of unconscious power, a living inspiration of thought, and poetry, and worship, — a magnificent apocalypse of God." TO DETROIT AND CHICAGO. FROM NIAGARA FALLS, VIA HAMILTON, PARIS AND LONDON, BY THK GREAT WESTERN AND BaOHIGAN CENTRAL RAILWAYS. \S in all likelihood many of our tourists who have never visited these large Western cities, may ■^^S* desire whilst at Niagara to take a run — even if only for a brief period — to the principal business localities in the Western States, we have thought it desirable to refer to them as they will amply compensate for any time spent in visiting them, and really ought to be seen by all those who consider themselves travelers. A few hours ride over the Great Western Railway, from Suspension bridge, through a pleasant country around Thorold, the crossing point of the great Welland Ship Canal recently deepened, and we come to St. Catharines, with a population of 11,000, pleasantly situated, frequented as a place of resort for invalids, from Canada A- !f ■ im\ ' r^.U «f ■, ;N.^':V^ w ■'■. K.r:^ \;>' ¥ I:.- .V 1 '^'■'' f. V*., i•'■■■ - , • 111 •• • < ,r l!*i ■;:.. : ''^ 156 All-Rouud Route and Panoramic Guide. and the United States, and noted for its mineral springs of much efficacy. Thence passing Grimsby, situated near the shore of Lake Ontario, we arrive at the beautiful CITY OF HAMILTON. ^vBT^HIS city was laid out and settled in 181 3. It is ^M built on a plateau of slightly elevated ground, ^Iff winding around the foot of a hilly range, which extends from Niagara Falls, and which here receives the i!-ja>£.i.*4^'» OITT OF HAMILTON, SHOWINQ THE OORB ON KINQ STREBT. name of "The Mountain." The streets are wide, and for the most part cross each other at right angles. King street, the principal thoroughfare, runs through the entire breadth of the city. Near the centre of this street is a large open space known as "The Gore," and a little north is Market Square, on which stands the spacious public building used cis civic offices and a market The banks and many of the churches are handsome structures, and ■j: ft. All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 157 on the rising ground approaching the mountain are many- elegant residences. The city contains about 25 churches, several banks, a (Wesleyan) Female College, and a large number of manufactories. Hamilton is the headquarters of the Great Western Railway of Canada, and here the general offices, engine shops and workshops are located. The population of the city is about 27,000, and the city is 43 miles from Suspension Bridge and 187 miles east from Detroit. At Hamilton, connection is made for Toronto and all the eastern Canadian cities ; via the Toronto Branch of the Great Western Railway ; also by the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Company's Royal Mail line of Steamers on the Lake, for Toronto and all points east. Continuing our journey we pass west from Hamilton seven miles, to Dundas, with many manufactures and very fine scenery. From here the country thiough which the train passes is unimportant, until arriving at Harrisburg, where connections are made northward by the Grand Trunk Railroad to Berlin, Guelph and to Paris, which is a thriving town with important water power and manufactories of various kinds. Here connections are made north-westward to Goderich and Lake Huron ; south-eastward to Buffalo, by Goderich branch of the Grand Trunk Railroad. Travelling forty-seven miles V 7 f ■ .•>..^. ■:S 1 «. .. . ♦: "'if .1' •V W'\ ^■m\ > 'r m 1 m ' ''■' iL 'r '"^ «'. >;>• ■ *'M:V ft if ^1 \\ •i". li :\.< i • c ■ ii-'i .,.r,,'' l!'v. ,•!* '. • r '«^';\'V. ■ *(. •■'■■• , 3 k£KB1 |: 1 1 '-^ m '' * vll m ' "' J ! •!! M ... < n' -, ■ , 1 ''' ' .*!■ i '." >, ' . { ■1'/; 1 '"'1 'H* ' 158 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, west from Paris, through a fine agricultural district, in which the scenery is pleasantly diversified, our olfactory nerves become indicators of the presence of an industry — petroleum refining — which is extensively engaged in in that part This brings us to the beautiful CITY OF LONDON, FROM THE TOWER OF ENGLISH CATHEDRAL. CITY OF LONDON, One hundred and nineteen miles west from Suspension Bridge, and one hundred and ten miles east of Detroit, with a population of 30,000. It is situated in the midst of the finest agricultural region of Canada. It is the centre of several diverging lines of railway. It is favor- ably known for its White Sulphur Springs and its extensive manufactures. The streets and many of the public buildings, are called by the same names as those of old London. The little stream which passes, is mivA 'm' AU-Raund Route and Panoramic Guide, 159 dubbed the Thames, and Westminster and Blackfriars Bridges lead us across its narrow line. The public buildings are very fine, and its numerous churches are choice in architectural design. London has made many fine improvements during the past three years which are worthy of notice, especially the new water-works, which are located about five miles below the city on the River Thames. London has also a new gas company, which has been chartered during the past year, so the city is now lighted with gas at about half the price of any city in the Dominion. A Company has also been formed, for heating all the business houses as well as private dwellings with steam. London has important railway connections : — North- ward to St. Marys, via the Grand Trunk Railroad ; southward to Port Stanley on Lake Erie ; westward to Petrolia (Oil-Centre), and Port Sarnia, at the entrance of the St. Clair River, into Lake Huron. A further ride of 1 10 miles will bring the tourist to the town of Windsor, in Canada, and a few minutes more occupied in crossing the river by the Steam Ferry will land him in the City of Detroit and Michigan Central Depot, where direct connections are made for the West, North and North-West, and all points in Michigan, by the popular Michigan Central Railway. CITY OF DETROIT. «|ETROIT is one of the oldest cities on the continent, having been founded as a French ^^ Missionary Station in 1670. The city, which is known as the " City of the Straits," extends along the Detroit River for about 3 miles, and is built up about ■..■■r'v'i ■: *'i f ; 1 ^ ► .A" ..lit /, '•'V .' If' ..;vf » ■■ ■ ■ . ■ ^ I ■Xv;' »■ ■ »'. ffiitl .■■fi I ■, . * ^ 'i^ ••*♦■ I' Li' I ^'?1 ■ »■ ■f *■ Ha i ' • »'•'■ y ,.*v-. ■ •*.'.• .:":>;i r-* '•■* '■-, *f,-' .■4 r '»^'f .^ H ,■•■«' I'' ; «1 • . , i , • ■ ■■•?» ;"'■ 1 60 All-P.ound Route and Panoramic Guide, ' 2^ miles from the water. The streets are wide and beautifully shaded by trees. The churches are numerous, and in many instances very beautiful; the private residences are surrounded by spacious grounds, tastefully ornamented, and the stores and public buildings are metropolitan in size and appearance. The principal buildings worthy a visit are the Custom House and Post Office on Griswold street. The Board of Trade Building and the Michigan Central Freight Depot should by all means be seen. It is of immense size and costly construction, 1,250 feet long and 102 wide, is an immense room witheut partitions or pillars, and is covered l!)y a self-supporting iron roof. Here is also located the great Locomotive Round House, also large Grain Elevators. The new Opera House is like- wise worthy of inspection. The most notable churches are St. Pauls (Episcopal), with the peculiarity of having a roof without columns ; Christ, St. John's and Grace, all of the same denomination ; Fort Street Presbyterian ; Central Methodist (Episcopal) ; St. Paul (Catholic) ; St. Anne's (Catholic), with very fine choir, etc. Detroit has also elaborate water-works, as well as large manufactur- ing and shipping interests in grain and provisions, etc. Detroit is always a pleasant place to visit. In summer, pleasure excursions are a daily occurrence, and the beautiful river affords ample opportunity for the members of the Detroit " River Navy," with its fleet of a couple of hundred yachts, to exercise before the gaze of assembled thousands on the shore, who gather to witness the grand " Reviews " each season. We would advise the tourist to visit the pretty Cemetery and the outskirts of the city, which in all directions are very fine, and will All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. i6i well repay a drive, or a long " constitutional." As regards hotel accommodation, we can recommend the " Russell House," on Woodward Avenue, as a first-class hotel, containing all modern improvements, with every comfort required by the most fastidious. -'^ ' DETROIT TO CHICAGO. ^^HE Tourist having finished his sojourn at Detroit, l^M the next place he will wish to visit is the "New ^pUP York" of the West. Probably, most of our pleasure-seekers may have already visited the Lion City, but to those who have not made the journey within the last few years, we would advise them by all means to extend their absence from home for at least a few days, and go and see the march of progress being made by our western friends. Taking the splendidly equipped train of the Michigan Central Railway from the Union Depot at Detroit, and after ten hours of as comfortable traveling, over one of the finest road-beds, with well ballasted track, laid with steel rails, as can be obtained on the continent, you will find yourself in Chicago. Leaving Detroit by this popular route the train passes through the suburbs of this beautiful city for a distance of three miles to Grand Trunk Junction, where connections are made with the Grand Trunk, and Detroit branch of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railways. Seven miles west we pass Dear- born, where the Detroit Arsenal is situated near Rough River. The next place of importance to the traveler is Ypsilante, thirty miles west from Detroit, which is a beautiful town of Michigan, having a population of 5,500; here is located the State Normal School. II 1 ■ ■ » ' .»vv l'i^'''i'W'} v:-d *••■ t: % S I m ■ ■ I J III ^ •!• •r \,i ..V * J ■ifc .** • |i ' « 1 ( 162 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. Passing along the Huron River for a distance of eight miles we arrive at Ann Arbor, which is a very large and handsome town of 8,500 inhabitants, finely situated on an elevated plateau, with beautiful shrubbery and many handsome buildings ; the University of Michigan is located here and is an institution of wide influence, with varied course of study ; it contains a very fine observatory, as well as other attractive features. Leav- ing this enterprising town we continue our journey west- ward, and passing through a very fine agricultural section of country we find the broad acres of Michigan are fast being transformed into happy homes and finely cultivated farms ; all of the different towns and villages through which we pass are growing fast both in size and influence, and the evidences of industry and thrift are visible on every hand. Having traveled 38 miles with- out stopping, we arrive at Jackson 79 miles from Detroit and 208 from Chicago. Jackson has a population of 16,000, and is a thriving and very enterprising city ; it is the county seat of Jackson County, situated on both sides of the Grand River, at an elevation of 440 feet above Lake Michigan, and has many manufactures, with an important coal trade from the mines in the immediate neighborhood. Jackson has also very extensive railway connections ; it is the southern terminus of the Saginaw Division of the Michigan Central Railway, and the south-eastern terminus of the Grand Rapids Division of the Michigan Central Railway: it is also the eastern junction of the Air Line Division with the main line of Michigan Central, as well as the northern terminus of Fort Wayne, Jackson & Saginaw R. R. ; and the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway from Adrian make Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 163 connections at this point. Leaving Jackson, 20 miles distant, is Albion with a population of 3,cxx) ; here the Albion College is located. Twelve miles west of Albion we arrive at Marshall, where the trains both east and west remain twenty minutes for refreshments — the meals first class in every respect. Marshall has a population of 3,806, where are located the extensive repair shops of the Company ; it also has large paper manufactories. Resuming our journey for thirteen miles we arrive at Battle Creek, an extensive manufacturing town with a population of 7,500; the extensive flour mills here located are worthy of special notice by the traveller ; here is to be seen one of the finest water powers in the State. From Battle Creek west, for a distance of 23 miles, the Michigan Central Railway passes through the very garden of the State, where are to be seen some of the finest farms, with their golden fields of grain presenting to the traveller a beautiful picture, until arriving at Kalamazoo, which is one of the larv;; ;«t towns in the State, with much shaded beauty, and has many very handsome residences, and is the seat of a Baptist College and the State Insane Asylum — on^ of the best managed institutions of its kind in the country. Kalamazoo is a very thriving manufacturing and commercial towr;, with a population of 1 1,937, and is 144 miles west from Detroit and 140 east from Chicago, with extensive railway con- nections, north-west to Grand Haven and Lake Michigan, also to Grand Rapids ; south-eastward to Fort Wayne, and from Kalamazoo by Lawton (with extensive iron works) we arrive at Niles, 47 miles from Kalamazoo, 191 miles from Detroit, 93 miles Chicago, with a population of 5,000. Niles is a town of con- . fl|! ,>v. w ':., 1 ; ' H^ i . * -5 i ,, [ ■1 i ■ ' ■ ^■'1 1 •■ .^ 1 ?';' ■' ■>* 164 All-Rotmd Route and Panoramic Guide, siderable commercial and industrial importance, situated on the St. Joseph River; it is the western junction of the Air Line of the Michigan Central Railway, which connects with the main line ; it is also the northern terminus of the South Bend Division of the Michigan Central. Niles is also the most important town in Berrien County. Continuing our journey still through a beautiful section of country for 27 miles, we reach New Buffalo, which is the western terminus of the Chicago and West Michigan Railway ; at this point all trains of the Michigan Central Railway make close connections for all points on the eastern shore of Lake Michigan. New Buffalo is a modern town of 1,450 souls ; from here 10 miles further on we pull up at Michigan City, 228 miles from Detroit and 56 from Chicago, where connections are made with the Louisville, New Albany & Chicago, also the Indianapolis, Peru & Chicago Railways. Michigan City is situated on the extreme southern point of Lake Michigan ; it is the lumber port of Northern Indiana, with a population of 4,ocx) ; here is located one of the two Indiana State Prisons. From this important station we hasten on our journey to Chicago, by the town of Lake, 21 miles distant from Michigan City ; this is the eastern terminus of line to Joliet ; 21 miles west from here lies Kensington, where connection is made with the main line of the Illinois Central. From Kensington we pass through a fine section of country over the rolling prairies of Illinois, on through the suburbs of Chicago, until we arrive in the Union Depot at the foot of Lake street, where direct connections are made in the same depot for all points west, east, north and north-west, south and Ail-Round Route and , Panoramic Guide, 165 south-west. The distance traveled between Detroit and Chicago by the Michigan Central Railway, has been 284 miles. We now call the tourist's attention to the most enterprising city in America, and we shall in the following pages briefly endeavor to describe to our readers CHICAGO AS IT WAS, AND AS IT IS. [HICAGO is in many respects one of the most spectacular cities in America ; its magnificence is all the more striking because it is so young in years, so far in the interior, and has passed through an ordeal of fire which would have ruined any other city forever. It is only strict truth to say that the " Queen of the Lakes" is more beautiful and splendid to-day than she was at the time of the great conflagration of 1 87 1. The first permanent settlement was made on the site of Chicago in 1804, during which year Fort Dearborn was built This was abandoned in 18 12, and finally demolished in 1856. The town was first organized in 1833, and incorporated as a city in 1837. At the first ofiicial census, taken in 1837, the entire population was set down at 4,170. The population by the census of 1 88 1 is 503,304. Its growth has been marvellous during this brief interval, but it was temporarily checked by the tremendous fire which occurred on the night of October 8th, 1 87 1. The whole area burned over, including streets, was nearly three and a third square miles. The number of buildings destroyed was 17,450; persons rendered homeless, 98,500; persons killed, about 200. Not in- cluding depreciation of property and loss of business, it it. S '*■ ^' ,'(' * > / ■!. ;.T<''', ■4 ■'M |i %.'t m M 't-^.'i- ■ :»:■': '^^1 1 '' i a' 1 [ " , ' ji. ■ «'' « 1 '■ 1 - •■•■<-^' i ,;«' ? . All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 167 is estimated that the total loss occasioned by the fire was $190,000,000, of which about $40,000,000 was recovered on insurance, though one of the chief results of the fire THE r.REAT CUICACO MASSACRE. was to bankrupt many of the insurance companies, all over the country.j^The business of the city was interrupted but a short time, however. In the course of a few weeks •■^"^■■h&« t=J.LJ. .'|.i>:.>r;';i ■ ■ 'V' l^■'^! vU \i^.. '-mm m .'. ■ . . i*^.' ^ V r. ■,"-> ' '. * ■^•'1 ''-••'4 r-ri rf «t. *4^ [«y^^.:^fe'-V:i;^ 1 68 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, many merchants had resumed trade in temporary wooden buildings. Within one year after the catastrophe a large III ■■! I mil : i ii !i I I il'll^i llll||i| '., Ill I liHM i ' : ffllf't'' ill ' i " 'i mm mwS iiji'i I'lii''' ■Pi ifl 'I! ;ltiiii! llllllllillll;: !,|| \\m\.: I I i..!l' 'lllil 3rji! *'ii' 111 11., I II" 'lilHi lb lip. m I -'if 'lihi::!: illiii i"'iiiiiiiiiiiiii"illll Ml '''II'" 'J I \ •iiMlr.'ii',Jllllililll!!l!li'ii' • mil ..I || I I ll;||ii 'a ''!i ""lii^ part of the burnt district had been rebuilt, and at present no trace remains, except the improved architectural ^w. Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 169 appearance of the city. Two years later, in July, 1874, another great fire took place in an adjoining section. Eighteen blocks, or sixty acres, and about $4,000,000 worth of property were destroyed. Chicago is situated - ^n • ■ ■'m^ ■*" ' »' ^|:r-i t '• u ¥. I, .'■ft" ■''H ■ H ■ f pi* 4 I i p i., 1 Kin ■■. lit: ! '■ jr *,- k. '/Ml J' ■'I' .t4lli '» u m '^y i *' .:■. ii .. '' .»'•■ ..Mi h^u /■m. n Wt 5 a m o n m a >■ a o .-t- ^:-} loo o P4 H E^ f S3 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 171 on the Western shore of Lake Michigan, at the mouth of the Chicago and Calumet rivers ; by means of the former, \ '• . i . Ml Iwil .■I pK' ■ ■: fl, 1 !■ ■ ^, - ^ ^fl^^ ■> IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I Uiy£ 125 |50 ~^^ M^H p IIJ4. IJA ^ 6" ^ Hiotographic Sciences Corporation m \ ^ ^ ;\ \ ■^>^. O^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14S80 (716) 872-4503 ^ "* > '<^ k K^ m ' .. <;! . If 1 »• r*"» J 172 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, and the Illinois and Michigan canal, it has continuous communication with the Mississippi River and the Gulf of Mexico on the South and West ; and by the chain of the Great Lakes with the St Lawrence and Atlantic Ocean on the East There is no inland city in the world that possesses greater facilities for commercial intercourse. The site of the city is a gently inclined plane, the ground in the western part, 3 miles from the Lake, being from 15 to 18 feet above the level of the Lake. The streets are generally eighty feet wide and are very regularly built They cross each other at right angles, and are for the most part, paved with stone or with wood ; many of them are from fivp to ten miles in length. Chicago is divided by the river and its branches, into three parts* known as the North, West, and South sides, which are connected by about 50 bridges, while two stone tunnels connect the main avenues of travel leading from the city proper to the northern and western divisions. These divisions are subdivided into twenty wards, and contain nearly 800 streets, avenues, and alleys. The river and ship canals afford a magnificent harbor for the largest vessels, for more than ten miles. At the entrance of the first there is a lai^e iron light-house. The city is beautifully laid out in broad and shady streets, the principal of which for business purposes is State Street, the " Broadway " of Chicago, while Michigan avenue, (which fronts along the Lake), Wabash aventie, Prairie avenue. South Park avenue, West Washington street, and North Dearborn street, are distinguished by the great number of princely edifices, which are perfect models of architectural design, and are adorned with rows of luxuriant trees. The system of parks and boulevards to L'] in cii I1 i't * *• All-Round Route and Panoramic Gutete, 173 in Chicago is the most extensive of any city in the world. The Drexel, for instance, is 200 feet wide, from beginning to end, jand is built on the model of the Avenue de L'Imperatrice, Paris, justly considered the finest boulevard in Europe. On South Water street are situated the prin- cipal warehouses and large wholesale stores, and in Lake, street also, a large part of the wholesale business is done, while many of the largest and most elegant of the whole- sale houses are now located on Michigan and Wabash avenues, making a gradual inroad upon a favorite resi- dence locality. Among the objects of great interest in what the proud citizens call the " new Chicago," may be named the large and beautiful Lincoln Park situated on the Lake shore, north of the city, with its numerous charming drives along the shores of Lake Michigan, a very perfect zoological garden, a charming little lake, superb fountains, making it attractive as a drive or pro- menade. Another favorite resort is Union Park, situated in the western division, older than Lincoln Park, with beautiful lakes, fountains, &c, a complete zoolc^ical collection, pagodas, a music pavilion ; it enjoys great popularity as a place of promenade, and for the open air concerts given every evening during the summer. Besides the above mentioned parks there is Lake Park, with a beautiful lo- cation running down the Lake shore south of the city to Hyde Park and Hyde Park House, a favorite driving and bathing resort, at the southern extremity. The south and west side parks are very extensive and beautiful ; Dearborn, Jefferson, and other minor parks and Haverly's Trotting Park, are also all well worthy of a visit. The principal cemeteries, Graceland, Rose Hill, Calvary, ;■■■#* ,Wi» ■m -'-1' ij* '. ■ ' i^y ■m ' s o o r a > S> 1?: g s 53 B D O CO O ••I > b o n 'vV ?l 4|i 5;; .■ .'■■■ •;>' m » ■''-'■' .' . ^::.1 n ■■,»■', t ■ ■■■V,' \-t w. 4, ' ■'"1 ^ ti ^^'i ■A pi .y. 1;. =^ i^y I, fe H' J \^h iiiiii ■!((*' ■^^4i *f*r . i iii' !)**" ■J ■";' "'""y ,;;•.,, i")^ i'T '^^:|i lj; m m m '111, All-RoHttd Route and Panoramic Guide, 177 and Oak Woods, are beautifully laid out and kept in the most perfect order, and for those lugubriously inclined a visit to them would, no doubt, be pleasant Chicago is also the greatest live stock market in the world. Lying at some distance west of the city are the great Union Stock Yards, which are a wonderful sight to see, being a little world in themselves. The amount of land controlled by the company is 345 acres, of which the yards and pens occupy 146 acres. The present capacity of these yards is 25,000 head of cattle, 100,000 head of hogs, 22,000 sheep, besides which there are stalls for 500 horses, making a total capacity of 147,000 head. Quite a large town has sprung up in the immediate vicinity, with post-office, bank, telegraph office, churches and schools. The yards are connected with all the railways centreing in Chicago. The lumber trade of this marvellous city has grown so much, especially of late, that it would perhaps not be wild to assert that Chicago leads the world in this branch of business also. There are over 300 firms engaged in it, and between fifteen and twenty million feet of lum- ber are annually handled. The great pineries of Michi- gan and Wisconsin are the principal sources of supply. Another of Chicago's great industries is that of pork and beef packing, and a special feature is the great favor in which its summer packed meats have grown, both in this country and in Europe. The demand for the latter is steadily increasing. Chicago is furthermore the greatest railway centre in the world, some forty-five lines coming into the city. There is a dash of grandeur in almost everything in the way of public works, undertaken by Chicago. . The Water- works, 13 » at: * I. ' <*, I'^ ■I .'."'. '■.■".♦jtBii; ,"!;;' .■■'i. ,^f3 '^:- :>tM.^ ■•V ?fil All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 179 which have been pronounced by those who are ^competent to judge, to be the finest and most extensive on the American Continent, if not in the world, are a proof of this. They consist of a water tower, 1 60 feet high, up which water is forced by four of the most powerful engines, having a pumping capacity of 74,500,000 gallons daily. OTOOK l>£h8 AT UNION bTUCK YAJSDS, CHICAGO. The water comes through a tunnel extending two miles out under the lake, thus securing perfect purity to the water, and another tunnel supplies the south-west portion of the city. There are also about 40 Artesian wells, which yield an abundance of water. The terrible experiences of the city have prompted this extraordinary precaution against fire, and the iyi.ii. '■ ?';;yi.'M ' '.'<' 1 I iiit" \, ft;*' %\ h ■■■Ai xM '•>■ 3' ; V: ■ ■ ' ' »J: V f-' '[ ■( ' ,'V. r!''ii ^E $. ''i'41 ns 1 m jnl* All-Round Route and Panoramic Guidi, i8i splendid building law now in force further provides against the same, by forbidding the erection of frame l^E NEW WATFB WORKS AND TOWER, CHICAGO. buildings of any kind, inside the limits of the city. No wooden cornice or wooden roof of any description is •- '•■ ' 1 ' .H* 1 ;i'* I M m 1 82 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide » y'K" im m i permitted, and no wooden building now in existence, if damaged by fire to the extent of 50 per cent., can be repaired. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE AND BOARD OF TRADE BUILDING, CHICAOO. The public institutions of Chicago are in keeping with its industrial and ccmmercial standing. Its public schools are surpassed . by none in the country, whether in All-Routtd Route and Pattoramic Guide, 183 regard to the beauty of the buildings, or the number of attendants. Special pride has been taken in this respect, and it is gratifying to know that Chicago leads the West in its encouragement of popular education. The Public Library, the nucleus of which was contributed by Eng- lish, and other authors of renown, in 1872, now counts over 60,000 volumes, and the Academy of Sciences, which had lost its previous collection by the fire in 1 871, is ■i}' !»■< •V ■ >■ U *' 'A'i 1 if n '^^■ : i'--^^ i.^. if. k ^ V.' 4;' m ^ra •<' I'll •*«k '.'I'll ■ . • . It- i '!f ■ri: •u lI'U i!!!| iS-3 :r:!j 184 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. now rapidly recuperating both in its museum and library ; colleges and academies of different denominations are o U X u s X Z o s E w ed H cn 3 Q 2 ' ■-.■'i^-- numerous and flourishing, and the University of Chicago has a reputation second to none in the West Asylums All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 185 I I '« 'II wc>T •i,l\ s^5| Iff-' :.f & '0- If * 1 Mil iii If! ...1. ;.'?' i:«J 'HM ' :mA *: 1 86 All-Round Route and Pattoramic Guide, and hospitals, devoted to the sufferings of humanity are not only numerous, but carried on in a style of rare muni^ ficence. So much worthy of description has crowded itself upon us, that we have omitted to mention the grain trade of Chicago, perhaps the greatest industry of the city. Chicago is not only the headquarters of the grain trade of America, but it is also the greatest grain market in the world. It has 25 elevators, with an aggregate storage capacity of 20,oc)0,ocx) bushels of grain. The speed and dexterity with which vessels and cars are loaded and un- loaded is perfectly marvellous, and no tourist should fail to go and watch tshe operation for a short time. To see how business is done in Chicago, and to form some idea of the immensity of the transactions, the tourist should by all means pay a visit to the Chamber of Commerce, situated corner of Washington and La Salle streets. It is considered one of the noblest and most complete buildings of its class in the world. It was opened with very impressive ceremonies in the fall of 1872, and Chicago is justly proud of this magnificent structure. Chicago has many magnificent mercantile buildings, banking houses, stock exchange, &c., in which respect the re-built city far excels even its ambitious predecessor, and rivals all others. With regard to hotels no place in America can vie with Chicago ; most of them being built since the fire, and furnished with lavish cost and great completeness. There is the Palmer House, a thoroughly fire-proof hotel, occupying the entire block in State street, between Wabash Avenue and Munroe street. The Grand Pacific is not at all inferior to this, occupying a half block on :?• « \ All-Round oute and Panoramic Guide, 187 Jackson, Clark, Adams, and La Salle streets. The New Sherman House, in the central business part of the city, fronting on Clark and Randolph streets, is practically fire-proof, and watched with such unceasing care, that no ^ one in any part of the house need feel the least anxiety ; practical experience has proved the " Sherman " to be satisfactory in every respect The Tremont House, styled the palace hotel of Chicago, is located on the corner of Lake and Dear- born streets. This house has the world-wide reputation of being one of the finest structures of its kind on either continents, and is considered one of the features of the city, both in external architecture and internal arrange- ment ; it possesses all the appurtenances of many a palace, with its spacious halls and luxurious suites of apartments, and commends itself to travellers of either continent, as a type of that world-famous institution, the luxurious modern American Hotel The Gardner House is another of Chicago's favorite hotels, and for several years past has held the reputation of being one of the best managed hotels in the Western States. Chicago has many very large and fine Railway Depots, for the accommodation of the many and extensive roads finding their centre there. Among the extensive manufactories may be mentioned the McCormack Reaper Manufactory, which is the largest of the kind in the world, situated on the corner of Blue Island and Western avenues, and the extensive bridge-building works of the American Company, situated on Egan avenue. i\ • a ♦1 ¥< .-»^. 'ii' •1 1) ■A ■'I 1' it I It *f,"' r i 1 "i.- 'i»f i.-'-'i' 111 If IT ,- "it ■^ ■* It ft .'?> I I 1 88 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, The principal places of amusement are Haverly's Theatre, corner of Dearborn and Munroe streets ; Mc- Vicker's, near the corner of Madison and State streets ; Hooley's, adjoining Sherman House block on Randolph, near La Salle. Chicago is not only the terminus of the five great through trunk lines, from the Atlantic sea-board cities, New York, Boston, Montreal, Philadelphia, and Balti- more, but it is also the head of the several grand divi- sions viz, the Chicago, Rock Island, and Chicago, Bur- lington and Quincy, and Chicago and Northwestern Railways, which form the overland route across the Great West to the Pacific, as well as of the ever popular Chicago, Alton & St Louis Railway, to St Louis and Kansas City, Mo., via the Wabash, St Louis & Pacific Railway, or the Missouri Pacific. Thence next via either the Kansas Pacific Division of the Union Pacific, or via the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railways to all points in Kansas, Colorado, Montana, Idaho and New Mexico. Leaving Chicago, if our reader will kindly follow us, we shall with pleasure conduct him to Milwaukee, which may be reached either by rail or steamer. l?»' :n •'» FROM CHICAGO TO MILWAUKEE. If the tourist can spare the time before returning to the east, a most enjoyable and healthful trip may be made by taking the magnificent steamers of the Good- rich line to Milwaukee, or by Railway, via the elegantly equipped trains of the Chicago, Milwaukee and St Paul Railway, which is one of the best managed railways in America. All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 189 CHICAGO TO ST. PAUL AND MINNEAPOLIS, VIA, THE CHICAGO, MILWAUKEE AND ST. PAUL R.R. [LEEPING CARS, between Chicago and St. Paul, fare $2.cx) ; between Milwaukee and La Crosse, fare $1.50 — in addition to railway ticket Parlor cars between Chicago and Milwaukee. Trains leave the elegant new Union Depot at Canal, Madison and Adams Streets, Chicago, and sweeping through the City, and passing through a large manufac- turing district, soon cross the north suburbs of the city and pass out on the uneven wooded prairie bordering Lake Michigan. The line traverses Cook, Lake, Kenosha and Racine counties in Illinois, connecting at Western Union Junction, with the Racine and Southwestern Division, and 85 miles from Chicago arrives at Milwaukee, THE CREAM CITY OF THE WEST, and another of those wonderful western cities that have sprung into marvellous prosperity within the short cycle of one generation. It was settled in 1835 ; its popula- tion is fully 1 50,000, one half of which is German, and the impress of their peculiar habits of life is stamped upon the place. Milwaukee is a great lumber and flour emporium, and its beer is famous. Among its prominent public buildings are the Custom House, Court Houses and National Asylum for disabled soldiers. The streets are broad, and generally shaded. The chief hotels, are the New Plankinton House, the Newhall House, and the Kirby House. The Plankinton House is not surpassed by any house in the State. From Milwaukee to St Paul, *C '^.' 190 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, the journey is made by the Lacrosse and St Paul Division of the Milwaukee and St, Paul Railway, which covers a distance of 341 miles in 17 hours ; leaving here the St. Paul train turns west from the Union Depot, Milwaukee, crosses the Menominee river, and thence traverses the attractive park of the National Soldier's Home, with the institution itself on the north. At Brookfield Junction the Prairie du Chien Division is crossed. The line now enters Waukesha county which, alone, contains 58 of the Wisconsin lakes. This region, which is one of the most attractive in the Northwest, is much frequented during the summer months. The residents of the country are more than one-half foreign. The railway skirts the shores of Lakes Pewaukee and Oconomowoc, and affords a momentary view of La Belle lake. From Watertown a branch line diverges south to Madison. Approaching Portage City the railway crosses the Portage Canal, connecting the Wisconsin and Fox rivers and forming a northern water communication between the Mississippi and the lakes. Father Marquette, the earliest Jesuit explorer, planted the cross in 1690 on the high ridge immediately north of the railway. Fort Winnebago was built on the same picturesuue spot and garrisoned in 1826. Jefferson Davis served there as First Lieutenant, but as the U. S. Secretary of State, 25 years after, he ordered the fort to be destroyed, and the Government reservation of 4,cxx) acres sold. Passing Portage and the pleasant dining station, the heavily wooded banks of the Wisconsin are approached. The dells of that river, which are both the wonder and the pride of the State, are above Kilbourn City, where the swift current has worn and eaten, and undermined a passage through the basaltic All-Round Route afth Panoramic Guide, 191 cHfTs. The river contracts into a foaming eddying rapid at the gap. The railway crosses the river by a high bridge which affords a striking view of the rocky channel and the turbulent rivei below the Delles, the latter being accessible only by pleasure steamer from this point The line now traverses Juneau county which in point of rugged beauty is one of the most picturesque in the State. Crossing the Lemonweir river near Mauston, the Necedah Branch is passed at New Lisbon. The border of Juneau county is reached at Camp Douglas Junction, where the railway passes a somewhat remarkable group of rocky precipices. Connection is made here with the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Line. Tomah is the Junction of the Green Bay & Minnesota R.R. and Sparta (view of Castle Rock on the right), of the Viroqua Branch. Arriving at North LaCrosse, the train runs backward one mile to the city of LaCrosse, whence it again turns west, crossing the Mississippi at the mouth of the Black river. Leaving the station the train crosses the Black and Mississippi rivers by an iron trestle and three costly iron bridges two miles in length. La Cres- cent on the Minnesota bank is the northern terminus of the Dubuque Division, and the Junction of the Southern Minnesota line. SOUTHERN MINNESOTA DIVISION. Through cars run via the Southern Minnesota line between Chicago (above route to LaCrosse), and the principal towns in Southern Minnesota and the Dakota frontier. From La Crescent the line traverses the rolling prairie of Houston county. Stages connect at Isinour s station for Preston, the county capital and centre of one I.-'h if l^-^^ w i 4h ■I .^ A» "f^im IS 192 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. a 1 •..', - <. • of the largest wheat growing regions in the Northwest West of Isinour's the railway ascends the heaviest grade in the State — 520 feet in five miles — from the Rum River Valley to the high prairie land. At Ramsey con- nection is made with the Iowa & Minnesota Division, and at Albert Lea (on Lake Albert Lea), with the Min- neapolis & St. Louis Railway. Mankato Branch diverges from Wells. Winnebago is the crossing point of the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Line. From Fairmont, Spirit Lake and Esterville are reached by stage. Beyond Jackson station the railway passes the scene of the first fnurders in the Sioux massacre of 1862. The train enters Dakota beyond Pipestone and 10 miles west reaches Flandreau, on the Big Sioux River and 592 miles from Chicago. Beyond La Crescent the St. Paul train takes the right bank of the Mississippi, following a narrow gallery at the base of rocky precipices rising 400 to 600 feet above the railway. Passing Winona the train quits the Mis- sissippi,traverses woods and meadows and passes stations, Minnesota City, Minneiska, Weaver and Kellogg to Wabasha (Zumbrota Branch diverges), beyond which it returns to the Mississippi at the beautiful lake-like widening known as Lake Pepin. The train follows closely its west shore ; the riparian scenery is of renowned attractiveness. Frontenac, near the head of the lake confronts Maiden Rock on the east shore. Forethought, guided by good taste and inspired by the beauty of the Mississippi valley, has designed this spot to be one of the most charming summer resorts in the Northwest. At Hastings, connection is made with the Hastings & Dakota Division. The line now recrosses the Mississippi. All'Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 193 Beyond Newport the double spire of the German Catholic Cathedral at St Paul is seen in advance. The train traverses a broad valley and enters St Paul on the levee. The Minneapolis train again crosses the river above St Paul, pursues a sinuous course along its west bank, running under the walls of Fort Snelling. After crossing the broad and shallow Minnesota, it passes within near proximity to the Falls of Minnehaha, and 12 miles from St Paul, arrives at Minneapolis. The St Paul train follows the Mississippi a short distance, crossing it above St Paul, and enters the town under the blufifs, the terminal station being on the levee, no breakage or detention having been made in the journej^. This well-equipped and popular railway over which we have journeyed from Chicago and Milwaukee presents to the tourist some of the most striking scenery to be found in the Great North-west Prairie, lake, and valley scenery follow in rapid succession, so that no one becomes weary of the monotony of the journey. St Paul is situated at the head of navigation on the Mississippi, and its location is admirable. It is an historic spot, having been visited in 1680, by Father Hennepin, a celebrated Franciscan missionary and traveller. It was he who discovered and named the Falls of St Anthony. Eighty-six years after, Jonathan Carver went there and made a treaty with the Nandowessie Indians, in whait is now known as Carver's Cave. In 1 840, Vital Guerin built a log house, where Ingersoll's HalUtands at present and in the same year Father Gauthier, a Roman Catholic missionary, arrived and built a log church, which he called St Paul's, and from that was named tl?e Capital of the State. 13 Mf^^ ■m ■j»i t "Ml" . *: »i. ... '^ '.I ■ ■•>^ :m mi m W- '. M \ '■ ! 'in'' • .- ♦• t* «< ■/ •if' I 194 Ail-Round Route and Pauor antic Guide, %.w L'-'^'i ■'< . Referring to the State Capital Building, it is situated on high ground and occupies an entire square and is built of brick. It contains the State Offices, Legislative Chambers, State Law Library, and the Collection of the State Historical Society. There are several large public schools in the city ; the State Reform School is in the suburbs. St Paul Bridge, 1,730 feet long is worth seeing. It is of wood, resting upon stone piers, and is an inclined plaice ascending from the high bluff at the foot of Wabashaw street to the bottom lands of west St. Paul ; the largest river steamers can pass under it The present population of St Paul is 45,000. The environs are very picturesque, including a number of lalces and the Minnehaha Falls, immortalized in Longfellow's Hia- watha. Leaving St Paul, a short ride brings us to Minne- apolis, which is a thriving and beautiful city built in sight of the Falls of St Anthony, with their one hundred and twenty thousand horse-power and succession of fine rapids. The city is beautiful and well located for a great manufac- turing centre, which it is. A fine suspension bridge above the Falls connects the two parts of the city, comprising the original Minneapolis and the former city of St Anthony, now united. The city itself is of very fine appearance, with wide, clean streets, elegant business blocks, hotels and residences, which, in point of style are nowhere excelled. We notice here the same life and activity found in St. Paul, and, in fact, throughout the north-western country. Minneapolis is the capital of Hennepin County, Minne- sota, and has a population of upwards of 50,000, It is feifi ^L Ail-Round Koute and Panoramic Guide, 195 420 miles North-west from Chicago, and is one of the most populous and flourishing cities in the State. Among its most beautiful and prominent'buildings are the U. S. Custom House, the Music Hall and Post-office. Minnea- polis is a very large manufacturing city, and possesses the finest and largest available water-powerjn the world. In the vicinity of Minneapolis are a number of very in- teresting attractions; among others the Silver Cascade, Bridal Veil Falls, a deep cone opposite the Falls of St. Anthony on the east side, and several beautiful lakes, the drives to which from the city are very pleasant, the scenery beautiful, and the roads in fine condition. Among the smaller lakes within easy reach of the city, noted for their beautiful scenery and the opportunities they offer for en- joyment, are Harriet, Cedar, and Medecine lakes. Fifteen miles from Minneapolis is Lake Minnetonka — "Big water," in the language of the Sioux, — which, by reason of its extent and superior attractions, is becoming one of the most popular watering-places in the State. Arriving at Wayzata, the railway station of the St Paul, Minnea- polis and Manitoba Railway at the Lake, the attention of visitors is attracted by the large fleet of steamers lying at the wharves awaiting the arrival of the trains. These steamers ply regularly between Wayzata and the village of Excelsior, on the opposite side of the Lake. Number- less sail and row boats are also on hand. This beautiful Lake is composed of a series of bays, some twenty-five in number, which form a chain of what appears to be distinct lakes, but they are joined by estuaries, many of which are navigable by the steamers. Lake Minnetonka has long enjoyed a wide reputation as a resort for the tourist, and particularly the sportsman, drawn thither by f' «* y * r * 1'' *■ I j.>* », V 196 AU-Routtd Route and Panoramic Guide, the excellent fishing and shooting. The hotel accom- modation is good and ample for the entertainment of a large number of guests. Returning to Milwaukee, the traveller can vary his journey by taking one of the splendid steamers of the Goderich Line to Grand Haven, and thence by the Detroit, Grand Haven & Milwaukee Railway to Detroit From Detroit the Great Western Railway will convey the tourist back to Suspension Bridge (Niagara Falls). Niagara having been already described, we shall decide upon the route to be taken for Toronto. There are two means of getting there, one by water and the other by rail On a sunny, calm day, nothing can be more pleasant than the water excursion, by the mag- nificent side-wheel palace steamer " Chicora," which daily makes two trips each way across Lake Ontaria between Toronto and Lewiston. If this route is decided on, the tourist will find the cars ready to take him to Lewiston. From Niagara to Lewiston the railway fol- lows the course of the river, running along the high ridge overlooking the rapid stream, until we arrive at Lewis- ton Station. Omnibuses and cabs will be found in at- tendance to take passengers down to the steamer, which lies about half a mile off. Another route open to the tourist is that by the Canada Southern Railroad, which leaves Fort Erie, opposite Bufifalo, N. Y., and skirting the shore of the Niagara River runs past Niagara Falls, and terminates at the old town of Niagara, at the mouth of the river of the same name, where connection is made with the steamer referred to, as starting from Lewiston, N. Y. n All-Raund Route and Panoramic Guidt, 197 LKWISTON. [HIS village is situated at the head of navigation, on the lower Niagara, and is a place of consider- able importance. It lies three miles below the Devil's Hole, and seven miles below the Falls. It is an exceedingly pleasant and very well built village, but its commercial prospects have been very much injured by the construction of the Erie and Welland Canals. It contains, besides a proportionate number of stores and hotels, churches of all the various denominations, and an academy of considerable size. In 181 2, it was the headquarters of General Van Rensselaer, of the New York Militia. Once embarked, we pass along Niagara River for about seven miles, the current still running very rapidly until it finds its way into Lake Ontario, At this point the great Lake Ontario is reached, the landscape ends, and the sky and the world of waters are all that is seen of the kingdom of nature. It is one of the most sublime experiences of American travel, this first meeting in the heart of the continent, face to face with an inland sea ; and familiar as one may be with the names of the great lakes, and associated as they are in his mind with commerce, transportation, and business, the first impression on the tourist is still that made on the great discoverer of the source of the Nile when the dazzling sheen of the magnificent Albert-Nyanza first startled his triumphant gaze. i. 'i^ iv;.- m ■..>".; iff ■'■■'•'!; [•/:" •;.> '1. ' ,' • »■. ■ " '«i ■«*r f ■ if . ■^' 4 it m m h > ik 4' ; t Ml X • * • j: ' V r . •/ ^ V'i h i • ') .*' - ,-«frv 198 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, QUEENSTON. This is a small village situated nearly opposite Lewiston, and contains about 500 inhabitants. It was the Canadian termination of the bridge, and is associated in history with the gallant de- fence made by the British on the ad- jacent heights in the war of 1812. The bridge here shown was unfortunately carried away by ice quebnston suspension bridge. during the winter of 1864. The village is pleasantly situated, but it has suffered from the same causes that ' have retarded the growth of Lewiston. Near this point the river becomes more tranquil, the shores appear less ^ broken and wild, and the change in the scenery affords a pleasing transition from the sublime to the beautiful. The monument shown on page 199 stands on the Heights of Queenston, from whence the village derived its name* The present structure occupies the site of the former one, which was blown up by a miscreant named Lett, on the 17th April, 1840. The whole edifice is one hundred and eighty-five feet high. On the sub-base, which is forty feet square and thirty feet high, are placed four lions, facing north, south, east and west ; the base of the pedestal is twenty-one and a half feet square, and ten feet high ; the pedestal itself is sixteen feet square, ten feet high, surmounted with a heavy cornice, ornamented with lion's heads and wreaths, in alto-relievo. In ascend- ■ .■•, •/ r r- Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 199 ing from the top of the pedestal to the top of the base of the shaft, the form changes from square to round. The shaft is a fluted column of freestone, seventy-five feet high and ten feet in diameter, whereon stands a Corinthian capital, ten feet high, on which is wrought, in relief, a statue of the God- dess of War. On this capital is the dome, nine feet high, which is reached by 250 spiral steps from the base on the inside. On the top of the dome is placed a colossal statue of General Brock. The only stoppage made between Lewiston and Tor- onto is at the town of Nia- gara, 16 miles from the Falls. Passengers from the Clifton House can be brought by the cars down to this town with- out crossing to the American brock's monument. shore, and embark on board the splendid steamer " Chicora," which here lies ready for the beautiful trip across the Lake, ; V ■ .. NIAGARA. '^Sfe^HIS is one of the oldest towns in Ontario, and was m b formerly the capital of the Province. It is situated ^/m? where the old town of Newark stood, and is oppo- site to Youngstown. It faces the river on one side, and Lake Ontario on the other. The trade of this place has been largely diverted to St Catharines since the completion • ■(■!'• . . %'■ ■ •», ''■" ■* ■ r '■■•■ 'Si, M f- m ''.■•-.ttll. , 't , ' >«. m V III' ft!. ^1 d ill 'm H' i f ;■ 11, ■ ' I " :v , ■>■■■ I ■'■■■ -■3- . »■ ;> ■■ .? ,14' \ ■■ " ■, ■•'.ft'" -v '• < Ik 200 All^Round Route and Panoramic Guide* of the Welland Canal ; and the other towns upon the Niagara River have suffered in common from the same cause. Its surroundings are full of varied and historical interest. The Queen's Royal Niagara Hotel, under the management of Mr. Winnett (of the firm of McGaw & Winnc'tt, of the Queen's Hotel, Toronto) is open for guests during the summer season. - j' • '; ■ ' > THE queen's royal HOTEL Has, under the management of Messrs. McGaw & Winnett, become noted as a delightful Summer Resort, It has many cheerful surroundings, being splendidly situated opposite Fort Niagara, in a beautiful grove at the mouth of Niagara River, where it debouches into Lake Ontario, and only fourteen miles from the world- renowned Niagara Falls. Among the numerous places of resort for tourists and families who desire to get away from the heated walls of our large cities, during the warm summer months, we know of no better place to recommend than the Queen's Royal, for it is really a delightful retreat. Here will be found a beautiful shelving beach extending for more than a mile, making the locality a most desirable one for bathing ; dressing- rooms are located on the beach. Nor is this all of its pleasures ; here the facilities for boating and fishing are unsurpassed^ as the famous bass and pickerel beds of the Niagara River are opposite the hotels which has ample accommodation for three hundred and fifty guests. Below we present a fine cut of the hotel. Tourists holding tickets via New York Central Railway, take the boat at Lewiston for Niagara or Toronto, those via Canada Southern Railway, take the cars at Buffalo or All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 201 Clifton to Niagara direct. Tourists are privileged to stop at Niagara or Toronto. Board from $12 to $15 per week. Both these hotels are under the management of Messrs. McGaw & Winnett i Almost immediately after leaving Niagara village, we » H O H o H OQ .iifflid 11#j!iit!** pass between the two Forts, Niagara and Massasauga ; the former garrisoned by American troops, and the latter, in by-gone days, by the soldiers of Her Majesty Queen Victoria. These two forts are so close together, that it is said, on a calm night, the watch-words, as given by '.^ (• '^^ *fc • t;.' ' ■' ,t f . i. ! h" 4 Y I* I. . "* I •II' ' <^f • '1 1 > f ' ''A II > r I u » II , f 11 h: .J . ' -tfl ... >*( I. •-■i''> ■ ■ <>* 1:^ -^ ■*, I, .!'W.. .. 1 !>, .(■'J •■ ll ■ ««. v »-' 202 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, the troops on changing guard, could be heard distinctly from one side to the other, across the water. FORT NIAGARA. This fort stands at the mouth of the Niagara River on the American side. There are many interesting associa- tions connected with this spot During the earlier part of the past century, it was the scene of many severe con- flicts between the Whites and the Indians, and subse- quently between the English and the French, The names of the heroic La Salle, the courtly De Nouville, and the gallant Prideaux, will long retain a place in the history of this country. The village adjacent to the Fort is called Youngstown, in honor of its founder, the late John Young, Esq. Within the last few years important repairs have been made around the Fort, and the entire wall has been constructed anew. Here was fought the battle of the 24th July, 1757, in which Prideaux, the English General fell, and after which the French garrison surrendered to Sir William Johnson, who succeeded to the command of the English. ,, , . ^ - ^, ,. \-,tv! -.-;.:. ■ x- ^'. \ • -■-> •• •./■-•,.-','.'■ *^.A' From this point we strike out into the lake, and in the centre almost lose sight of the land behind, before we discern the city of Toronto, immediately in front of us. FORT NIAGARA. Lnd boats, or at UAoicg and wel rr, which are i^ oramic Guide, 203 px is very fine indeed, ss shew it to be a cHy half the Amer Iiper covers "airs Experience in the T( vince of Ontario and al lines of FINE NEW TEAS, bough Canada, but it is one TOET. i in Her Majesty's black and gol«to. ! QUEEN'S HOTEL, of ndgoW,.«dp.j, ^g jjjjPY OOMPE'^"'^ "'"'^'^ first-class [d gold, and papf le r been celebrated for )lack and gold, (are unsurpassed. We select only the .,, attendance 8m on our own premises with one of tl^xceiient aitenudncc^ Tfs of the kind in Ontario), which enables scuisine, and has been ss, which are packed in 0-2 and 5-Ib. C«j - ... ^ . and gold, and 1 ' l families. It IS most iH d-aM ^r^A ««iD*J8 Tea or more, sent C. 0. D. to any l\ ^ ^ ^i. i. j • Id gold, and pa|j.ggg ' ' |n Front Street, and is jfortable hotels in the irges. nd Price List. and paper covP™ ***<* ^^^ 25 cents by buying yoifned a wide and well- r? , rement of its present PRTON. iress: ^J. --.....- j Winnett, who are ["IVE.— Cloth an . ,1 u DETECTIVES DETECTIVESsiGN OF THE QUEEN) badlng Antiiom k.di».tMr«nJStreetEa8t, TORG lUBLISHING r ^"^^ "^^^^ ^^^ ^^A Thei beautiful and nnis, chivalerie, and ible for those who may ..'■1: K^ ''>:%. ■;.v:^-. Xk >yA *i il ,:'S ■■ '. --^ li ■ff ♦■•J- i -'i*.. \\ m:^ MAP dFTHE LOWER S? LAWRENC MEiAf CHISHOLMS ALL ROUND ROUTE & PANORAMIC QUID BVTMt BURL^NO (JTH CO MONtREAC t^- o'"i. ^^ saaa I Sf LAWRENCE t--^ E & PANORAMIC GUID^ ONTREAL u U). 1 u u ■^ ^ °1 s ■ fc ^ M c^ \Jc W V .c 05 ^ \> (a y ?" f i\ 121 r / St o/l ^ NJlft 7^ OJLET ^.-Va i/' r~v \ \ S ^•,^-'5 'H U>^.<; A mMaM^ft^ / Ar riBBBf y .ecAxa dMILII Mil y p'f V ^' ^-"" R I >^ ^ SKI 1 / V / \ I i;'-:'»v •■>' , <\u -* ■ ■ ■■ t remarkably low Q stock, put op in D TO BE PORE e Teas. hich if oflfered for bed. 202 All-Round Route the troops on changing I from one side to the oth« FORI This fort stands at thefiE TradOi the American side. The tions connected with this spot. During the earlier part of the past century, it was the scene of many severe con- flicts between the Whites and the Indians, and subse- quently between the English and the Fre La Salle, the courtly Prideaux, will long retai country. The village Youngstown, in honor Young, Esq. Within the last few y€ made around the Fort constructed anew. Heit 24th July, 1757, in whicir Teas and Coflfees fell, and after which the Sir William Johnson, wh the English. ^ iOIff From this point we sti '' centre almost lose sight discern the city of Toroi bESSED TEA." in \ lb. packages. ITION, purest varieties of e best Patent Hot us to produce the unisters. lailway Station in y^iiiw'' ^ ,. j*,*-^**-*"-^ ^NTO. - ■; \ ■ EE. \ «*• V. 1 J All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 203 The view of Toronto from the water is very fine indeed, and its public buildings and wharves shew it to be a city of importance and prosperity. >, . - i TORONTO Is not only the Capital of the Province of Ontario and one of the most flourishing cities in Canada, but it is one of the most progressive cities in Her Majesty's Dominions. It is situated on a beautiful bay separated from the lake by a peninsula known as Gibraltar Point, which serves to form a safe and well-sheltered harbor. Toronto may justly feel proud of its hotels, which are scarcely inferior in size, and quite equal in magnificence to any in American cities, and as the tourist will doubt- less desire to remain over in Toronto for at least a day or two, and visi^ its many points of interest, we will, therefore, direct him where he will be assured of every comfort and attention. The Queen's Hotel, of which we present a cut, will be found strictly first-class in all its appointments. It has long been celebrated for its home comforts, perfect quiet, excellent attendance, and the peculiar excellence of its cuisine, and has been patronized by Royalty and the best families. It is most delightfully situated near the Bay on Front Street, and is one of the largest and most comfortable hotels in the Dominion of Canada, and has earned a wide and well- merited celebrity, under the management of its present proprietors, Messrs. McGaw & Winnett, who are experienced hotel-men, and gentlemen who know how to cater for the wants of guests. Thci beautiful and spacious grounds, with lawn - tennis, chivalerie, and croquet lawns, render it very desirable for those who may tin _ V; 'A : t i . ,' ■{%' .1. ' ' >:^ ' ,. •■' i • '^; ^. A ■ , ^ ' U :i!| " (■ ■ ... . ■ , . ■■:"/' ■•VJj ■ 1 ill •■ 'ti '\' .1 . . 0- . V , I' :v.t:-'- ^1^:^ ■r . '■ ; ■ '■. , i'V, ». \>r' 1^ ■',"■" ■'»* •:-m ;.'V::'. i' .':''■ ' ''. ' ■■ ' * i , '« , ■ ,^ ■• ' ■/■ ' . 1 u.r> •. t-\ ■ '.,* K f ,-•■ I 1 . ■ ■ 'll'\: S . ;' ( ffl ■ »'".'. ■ !^:-;^*''^' 1 ■•::f i ^ ■ '■ t\ ' » ■ . ■■ ' 'i *. '' ' * » .•*'.,, ' ' ''■< :*^-: ': ','.i .'>':' ^m jVlAI^K JWAIN'S ]N[EW pOOK I THE PRINCE AND THE PAUPER. FOB SALE BT THE NEWS AGENT. HUNTER, ROSE & CO. PRINTERS ■ ANf)- 1 BOOKBINDERS,! '" *. - ♦^^ TORONTO. -^ j^A^K JWAIN'S JMeW pOOK I THE PRINCE AND THE PAUPER. FOB SALE BT THE NEWS AOENT. TO THE AME RICAN TRA V The Rose-BeJforTPubli OF 25 WELLINGTON STREET. TO Would respectfully call your attention to ilwir choice ana BOOKS, by the most Celebrated Authors, which , Agent on this Train at less than one-half the A REV. E. 1*. HOWE. A DAY OF FATE.— Cloth, cxtin, ami paper covers. IVIIil. CAltliGTON. FAUM BAIJiADS.—8vo., cloth, black and FARM LLUKNDS.— 8vo., doth, black and f FARM FjiSTIVA r,S.— 8vo. cloth, black am MAY ACilIVEf^ FLEMINO. KATE DANTON.— Cloth extin, and paper coverg. LOST FOR A WOMAN.— Cloth extra, and paper co A WIFE'S TRAGEDY.— Cloth extra, and prper cove POLICY AND PASSION.— Cloth extra, and paper t MRN. MARY J. HOLMES. EDITH I YLE.— 8vo., cloth, black and gold, and paj MILDRED. — Svo., cloth, black and gold, and paper c( FORREST HOUSE.— 8 vo., cloth, black and gold, and CHATEAU D'OR 8vo., cloth, black and gold, and ] QUEENIE HGTHERTUN.-8V0., iluth, black and go JAMES PAYN. UNDER ONE ROOF.— 8vo., cloth, black and gold, a: WALTER'S WORD.— 8vo., cloth, blrck and gold, and BERTHA M. OliAY. BETWEEN TWO LOVES.— Cloth extra, and paper AliliAN PIIVKERTON. CLAUDE MELNOTTE AS A DETECTIVE.- Clotl THE DETECTIVE AND THE SOMNAMBULIST.- PROFESSIONAL THIEVES AND THE DETECTI THE RAILROAD FORGER AND THE DETECTI And Books by all otber Leading Antli For Bale by all booksellers, and on all trains and boats, or i of price, by the publishers, CS.K oxH.. .»..] ROSE-BELFORD PUBLISHIN lERICAN TRAVELLER Biford Publishing Go. .INGTON STREET, TORONTO, attention to their choice and well-selected LIST of Celebrated Authors, which are sold by the News ■it less than one-half the American Prices. EV. E. P. IIOWE. Clutli. cxtrn, ami {laper covers. l^IIili CARIiETON. iADb.— Rvo., clotl). black and gold. CNDS.— 8vo., cloth, black and gold. 'I VA liS.— 8vo. cloth, black and gold. V ACtlVES FliEMINO. loth extra, and paper covers. iX. — Cloth cxtrn, and paper covers. Y. — Cloth extra, and prper covers. ION.— Cloth cxtrn, and paper covers. MARY J. IIOIiMES. ' ' cloth, black and gold, and paper'covors. th, black and gold, and paper covers. 8vo., cloth, black and gold, and paper covers. ' ' ro., cloth, black and gold, and T^ap&t covers. ["ON.— 8vo., cloth, black and gold, and paper covers. JA9IES PAYHr. — 8vo., cloth, black and gold, and paper covers. 8vo., cloth, blrck and gold, and paper covers. RTHA M. CliAT. VEIS. — Cloth extra, and paper covers. AN FIS^KERTON. AS A DETECTIVE.— Cloth and paper. «D THE SOMNAMBULIST.— Cloth and paper. EVES AND THE DETECTIVES.— Cloth and paper. IGER AND THE DETECTIVES.— Cloth and paper. by all other L«adlnB Aathora. ind on all trains and boats, or sent, postpaid on receipt :-BElFOR0 PUBLISHING CO.. Toronto. TEA TH OLS BILXABLI TEA & COFFEE WAREHOUSE. Thirty-Five Tears Experience in the Tea Trade. KJust receiving several lines of FINE NEW TEAS, bought remarkably low IngliHh Markets. tflTOver FIFTT different Grades, Varieties and Mixtures in stock, put up in quantities to suit purchaser^. Every pound of Tea WARRANTED TO BE PURE and to please, or money refunded. Beware of Colored and Impure Teas. fi^There are thousands of pounds sold annually, in Canada, which if offered fur sale in the old country, would bo confiscated, and the owners punished. Trjr the " CSLSBBATIS CBOWN BBANS ENaLXSH FBESSEL TEA." Which is alctually double the strength of ordinary Tea— put up in \ lb. packages. Itf'We are sole Agentf for Toronto. •- '' - IN COFFEE WE DEFY COMPETITION, As our facilities for buying are unsurpassed. We nelect only the purest varieties of Qreen Coffees, and roast them on our own premises with one uf the bext Patent Hot Air Roasters (the only one of the kind in Ontario), which enableK uh to produce the perfection of Roasted CoffeA population of late years more rapidly than any other city in the Dominion. Toronto was founded in 1 794 by Governor Simcoe, who gave it the name of York, which was changed after it was incorporated as a city in 1834 to Toronto — meaning in the Indian language, " The place of Meeting." It was twice captured b> the Americans in 18 13, who destroyed all the fortifications and burned the public buildings ; since then, enterprise and capital have taken the place of shot and shell, and at the time of writing Toronto can with pride boast of some of the finest buildings of their kind in America, among which may be mentioned the Lieut Governor's mansion, a princely residence; the Normal School and Trinity College, both fine edifices ; the University of Toronto, one of the finest buildings in America, and estimated second to none on this side o^ the Atlantic as a seat of learning. The style of architecture is Norman with such slight deviations as the climate demands, and is a building of which any city may justly feel proud of possessing. It is situated in a ^>. I mm - ^pv , : '# : 1 ' .■ ' » ■ ♦- '^^% I. ?^ij '.rii ,, \ ■«-' I'. .•I.'- »i'-!;''i '\ : 206 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 'A .;!ra M*'»< •• *^ ■I hi -Si ■ '»'' •.■ ¥/' .,/ i:* Ail-Round Route andPanoramic Guide. 207 large beautiful park whose avenues are ornamented with stately trees, etc., and approached by College Avenue, which is one half mile long, and lined with double rows of beautiful shade trees. Adjoining these beautiful grounds on the east is the Queen's Park, which comprises about 50 acres, skilfully laid out ; here may be seen a monument (consisting of a brown-stone shaft surmounted by a magnificent marble statue of Britannia). This monument was erected to the memory of the Canadians who fell in repelling the Fenian invasion of 1866. Osgoode Hall, in Queen street (named after the first Chief-Justice of the Province), is another imposing building of the Grecian-Ionic style and surmounted by a beautiful dome, and contains a library and rotunda unequalled in America. Among the other public buildings may be mentioned the Masonic Hall, the Young Men's Christian Association, a beautiful building at the corner of Queen and James streets, which has the largest hall in the city. The Lunatic Asylum, Custom House, Merchants Exchange, Government School of Technology, and new Post Office, are all worthy the notice of the tourist. There are over 50 churches, and about 1 5 banks, and many of these edifices are strikingly beautiful. Among the most striking buildings of recent construc- tion is that erected by the Mail Printing Co'y. in 1880, on the corner of Bay and King streets. The structure is in the modern French style of architecture, and consists of four stories and a mansard with a handsome tower, built of white brick, with red brick facings. The upper part is laid out in airy and commodious offices, and the whole building is a standing evidence of the prosperity of the Company under its present management M %', ^ii A'- '::t * i- i )i: M ,-f' / \ \u \ 208 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, Of all the cities of the Dominion of Canada which aspire to the distinction of being recognized as great jobbing markets, Toronto is eclipsed but by one — Montreal, and all other cities of the Dominion fall far below it in the aggregate of wholesale transactions per annum, and the immense trade that centres in it from all parts of the country. Toronto has numerous manufactures, among which are extensive foundries, tanneries, breweries, distilleries, furniture, carriage, reaping and mowing machine manu- factories, starch, glue, soap and candle factories ; exten- sive rope- walks, flour-mills are also to be found, in fact every line of trfide is represented there by business firms whose characteristics are such as to warrant us in speak- ing of them in eulogistic terms. As a rule, Toronto jobbers are men who exercise a high degree of enter- prise in the prosecution of their various ventures; they are men who believe that whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well, and so they cultivate their trade, aim to develop friendly feeling, and to secure business to themselves and to the city, by bands which shall be as soft as silk, yet as powerful as steel. This policy has been fruitful of results, tco, which are easily appreciable. Toronto has a splendid harbor, which admits of vessels of the largest size navigating the lakes ; it is remarkably well sheltered, and afifords great facilities for its exten- sive and constantly increasing trade. Upwards of half a dozen Railways centre in Toronto— among which are The Grand Trunk, Great Western, Northern, Hamilton and North Western, Toronto, Grey and Bruce, Toronto and Nipissing, and Credit Valley Railways. Telegraph X Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 209 lines radiate from the city in all directions, magnificent steamers during the season of navigation ply to all the lake and river ports, and it is well worth one's while to take up a position on the wharfs, or at any of the depots where a commanding view is to be had of incoming and outgoing trains and steamers during the season. Among the other hotels to be found, in Toronto, not previously mentioned, are the Rossin, Walker and Simcoe, any of which will afford visitors first-class accommodation. Having viewed Toronto, we arrange for the continua- tion of our tour eastward, which may be done either by boat or rail. If we choose the former, we avail ourselves of the superior accommodation afforded by the boats of the Richelieu & Ontario Navigation Co. (Royal Mail), which leave their wharf daily for Montreal. Travelers can go on board, obtain their state-rooms, and make the passage of the Lake ; but " as variety is charming," our tourists can, if they prefer it, go as far as Kingston by the Grand Trunk Railway, on one of the Pullman Palace Cars, which are now attached to both day and night trains upon this railway, and there take the steamer. This is one of the advantages of taking a joint ticket at Niagara Falls, which enables the holder to travel by either rail or boat, and in this way the option of conveyance is with the passenger, giving him the opportunity of consulting his own convenience or inclination, afler arrival at Toronto. Tourists arriving from Niagara Falls can have a few hours in Toronto, take the evening train, and reach Kingston in time to connect with the steamer which left Toronto the same day. For a short distance the train runs along the 14 \ If* ■.■ ta- " If "■ „,.■•' 'S'?^ 2IO All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, banks of the Lake, which is then lost sight of altogether. After leaving Toronto, the first place of any importance we come to is PORT HOPE, Which is situated sixty-three miles from Toronto. A small stream, that here falls into the Lake, has formed a valley, in which, and on the rising hills beyond, the town is situated. The harbor formed at the mouth of this stream is one of the best on the Lake. Port Hope is a very pretty town. On the western side, the hills rise gradually one above another, the highest summit, called " Fort Orton," affording a fine prospect, and overlooking the country for a great distance around. The town is incorporated, and contains over 5,000 inhabitants. COBOURG lies 6 miles below Port Hope. It is a town of 6,000 inhabitants, and is situated in the centre of an exceed- ingly fertile section of the country. Its Harbor is safe and commodious, and a large quantity of grain, iron ore, etc., is annually exported. It is very prettily laid out, and its streets are adorned with numerous elegant residences and public buildings, including the Town Hall and Victoria College (Wesleyan). The train stops about a quarter of an hour, to give travellers the opportunity of partaking of a very acceptable meal, that is ready for them in the Refreshment Room at the station. The tourist or business man will receive at the Arlington House every comfort and attention. From Cobourg a branch line runs up into the back-country to Peterborough. Having satisfied the wants of the " inner man," we resume our seats and pass onward to All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 2U 'M BELLEVILLE, a town of considerable importance situated on the Bay of Quinte, 44 miles from Cobourg. This town has rapidly grown during the past few years, and has now a population of over 7,000. It is well built, lit with gas, aud possesses a fine harbor /ith an almost unlimited water power. It is the county town of the County of Hastings, and contains, besides the county buildings, many very handsome stores and churches, with a college, a convent, and very extensive factories and saw mills. KINGSTON, which after Quebec and Halifax has the strongest fort in the Dominion. A settlement was begun here by the French under Governor De Courcelles in 1672, and was known as Fort Cataraqui, Subsequently a massive stone fort was erected by Count de Frontenac, and received his name. This Fort was alternately in the possession of the French and the Indians, until it was destroyed by the expedition under Col. Bradstreet, in 1758. In 1762, the place fell into the hands of the English, from whom it received its present name^ Kingston is 172 miles from Montreal, and at this point we purpose leaving the train, and continue our journey by water. In order to reach the boat, the omnibuses in waiting at the station will convey us to the city, which is distant about one mile. The best hotel in the city is the British American ; W. Davis, proprietor. The steamer which leaves Toronto in the afternoon is ■ ' ■ iff' . ■. .ft. >-■ «:'' ■a m --ti ^ ■*■ . 1 'A' \ ' ;hi ■\M 212 All-Round Route and Panoraviic Guide, All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 213 due early next morning, thereby enabling the tourist to view all the scenery down to Montreal, by daylight. Leaving Kingston by one of the magnificent steamers of the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Company, we find ourselves entering amidst that wonderful and beau- tiful collection of isles known as THE THOUSAND ISLANDS. These islands commence near Kingston, and extend downward to Brockville, a distance of over 50 miles. They form the most numerous collection of river islands in the world, and consist of about 1,800 wooded and rocky islets of every imaginable shape, size and appear- FORT UKNRY— MABTKLLO TOW£R. CBDAB ISLAND. LIOHTHOUSB ON ONE OF THB THOUSAND ISLANDS. ance, some being mere dots of rock a few yards in extent, others covering acres, thickly wooded, and presenting the most charming appearance with rich foliage, conceivable. At times our vessel passes so close to these islands, that a pebble might be cast on their shores ; while looking ahead, it appears as though further progress was effectually barred, when rounding the points amid winding passages and bays, the way is gradually opened before us. Again the river seems to come to an abrupt termination. Approaching the threatening shores, a channel suddenly appears, and you are whirled into a - m,w^; ■ 'f ,\ t 3 • ■i ■ ! ' , 1 '■ i I ii'^M- ¥*' <.•». • SB ^f^i.^. ', t, ' t >'■' > '- Q ii^ ■ '* :■ * f , * t: Ir.o** -1 214 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, magnificent amphitheatre of lake, that is, to all appear- ance, bounded by an immense green bank. At your approach the mass is moved as if in a kaleidoscope, and a hundred little isles appear in its place. Such is the charming scenery presented on this beautiful route. It is a famous spot for sporting ; myriads of wild fowl of all descriptions may here be found ; and angling is rather fatiguing than otherwise, from the great quantity and size of the fish. On many of these islands summer villas have been built by wealthy and prominent people from the United States, and every year adds to the number of recruits whose vacation is spent amongst these views AMONO THE THOUSAND ISLANDS. modern Hesperides, which bid fair to become the camping-out ground of this continent These islands, too, have been the scene of the most exciting romance. From their great number, and the labyrinth-like channels among them, they afforded an admirable retreat for the insurgents in the Canadian insurrection of 1837, and for the American sympathizers with them, who, under the questionable name of " Patriots," sought to overthrow the British government in Canada. Among these was one man, who, from his daring and ability, became an object of anxious pursuit bfr the Canadian authorities. Here he found a safe All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 215 asylum, and through tNe devoted ness and courage of his daughter, whose skilful management of her canoe was such, that with hosts of pursuers she still baffled their efforts at capture, while she supplied him with provisions in these solitary retreats, rowing him from one place of concealment to another, under the shadow of night. But, in truth, all the islands which are so numerously studded through the whole chain of the magnificent Lakes, abound with materials for romance and poetry, and many are the traditions of the Indians. For instance, on the Manitoulin Islands the Indians believe that the " Manitou," that is the Great Spirit^ (and hence the name of the islands), has forbidden his children to seek for gold ; and they tell you that a certain point where it is reported to exist in large quantities has never been visited by the disobedient Indian without his canoe being overwhelmed in a tempest \f i] '» .• i'.i •>>}; y ^■: THE THOUSAND ISLES. BT HON. CALEB LYON. The Thousand Isles, the Thousand Isles, Dimpled the wave around them smiles, Kissed by a thousand red lipped flowers, Gemmed by a thous&hd emerald bowers. A thousand birds their praises wake, By reeky glade and plumey brake, A thousand cedars' fragrant shade Falls where the Indian's children played ; And fancy's dream my heart beguiles While singing thee, the Thousand Isles ; No Vestal Virgin guards their groves, No Cupid breathes of Cyprian loves. No satyr's form at eve is seen. No dryad peeps the trees between. No Venus rises from their shore* No loved Adonis, red with gore, No pale Endymion, wooed to sleep. No brave Leander breasts their deep. No Ganymede, no Pleiades— ;; ,.-■' ',! «:-; ■.*. m"i^% ■ '!• "i It \ 2i6 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, TherCi aro a New World's memorifls. The flac of France firat o'er them hunc, The man wai said, the respen ■unc, The frerei of Jesui hailed the strands, Ai blessed Virgin Mary's lands ; And red men mutely heard, surprised. Their heathen names all ohriitianiied. Next floats a banner with oross and orown ; 'Twai Freedom's eagle pluoked it down, Retaining its pure and orimson dyes With the stars of their own, their native skies. There St. Lawrence gentlest flows, There the south wind softest blows, There the lilies whitest bloom. There the birch hath leafiest gloom, There the red deer feed in spring. There doth glitter wood-duck's wing. There leaps the maskinonge at morn, There the loon's night song is borne. There is the fisherman's paradise, W'ith trolling skiff at red sunrise. The Thousand Isles, the Thousand Isles, Their oharm from every care beguiles, Titian alone hath grace to paint The triumph of their patron taint, Whose waves return on memory's tide ; La Salle and Piquet side by side. Proud Frontenao and bold Champlain There act their wanderings o'er again ; And while their golden sunlight smiles. Pilgrims shall greet thee. Thousand Islei . Additional means of travel for the tourist down the St, Lawrence, have of late been supplied by the formation of the St. Lawrence Steamboat Co'y, which despatch a steamer eveiy day from Clayton, on the arrival of the Steamboat Express of the Utica and Black River R. R., stopping at Alexandria Bay, Thousand Islands Landings, Ogdensburg, and Messina Springs, and running the rapids of the St. Lawrence. Opposite the Thousand Islands, and on the American shore, stands the village of Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide* 217 CLAYTON, A delightful place of resort, being situated directly in front of the upper group of the Thousand Islands. It contains four churches, a bank and three telegraph offices. There are two celebrated hotels there, the Hubbard House and Walton House. The finest fishing on the River St, Lawrence is found in the immediate vicinity of Clayton ; pike, black bass, pickerel and maskinonge of extra- ordinary size are easily caught there. Experienced and attentive oarsmen, the best of boats, and splendid hotel accommodations render this the favorite resort far fishing parties. All lines of Steamers stop at Clayton, Wag- er's Palace Sleeping Cars run through without change from New York in 13 hours, and through cars from Utica in 4 hours. Steamers for Montreal stop at Clayton. ALEXANDRIA BAY Is the next port after leaving Clayton. It is built upon a massive pile of rocks, and its situation is romantic and highly picturesque. It is a place of resort for sportsmen. Some two or three miles below the village is a position from whence one hundred islands can be seen at one view. Undoubtedly the pleasantest part of the Lake of a Thousand Islands lies adjacent to Alexandria Bay, at which are erected the finest hotels in the Islands. Mine Host, Staples, has here the largest hotel on the St. Law- rence, admirably situated on one of the pleasantest islands, and the extensive patronage he receives every recurring season, testifies to the popularity which his management has obtained for it. Everything is first- i! ' •I i ■. \i\ « .,*■-•■ '■>■' .'■ . \ 'A » '■"; • •*■'' % m ^''"^^.-^ 4 •■-^i! ^^\ # M ■ . 2l8 ■♦ , mm .; Ml iff ^ ■.' »^i > 1882. Centennial Hall. 1882. A C. MCINTYRE & CO., ALEXANDRIA BAT, - RIVER ST. LAWRENCE. NEW AND ATTRACTIVE VIEWS OF THE ICXX) ISLANDS, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. Stereoscopic Views; Large Views — size varying from 4x7 to 16x20 in., mounted and unmounted. Photographic Views taken to order. Fruits and Confectionery of the Choicest Kinds, And leadipg Fancy Articles of the day, including Bird Fans and Coon Chatalaines. Stereoscopic Views of all t/ie points of interest in Thousafui Islands and St, Lawrence River, THOUSAND ISLANDS, RIVER ST. LAWRENCE. 410 mm JJ Clayton, IST- Y. Lovers of Delightful Scenery, Pure Air and Excellent Fishing Will find every facility afforded them at this House— good Boats, Fishing Tackle and experienced Oarsme n will always be in attendance, and Fish packed and shipped for parties when desired. Steamers from Niagara Falls, Toronto, Rochester, Oswego, Cape Vincent and Ogdensb^rg, Daily. 'The table is supplied with fresh Milk, Vegetables, &c., from Hubbard House farm, Daily. «r. T. HUBBARB, Proprietor. ^m V 219 THOUSAND ISLAND BOVSK. 4i®iii MM Mm, IX In the immediate vicinity of the far-famed Thousand Islands, LARGEST HOTEL ON ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. Accom mof^ales 700 Guests, THIS FIRST-GLASS HOTEL, being regarded by the travellincr Publio m the most popular resort on the River, is situated at Alexandria Bay on the St. Lawrence River, 90 miles from Cape Vincent, and 36 from Ogdensbarg. The proprietor takes this opportunity of thanking his numerous friends for past favora, and to inform them that he has made a First-olass House, with all the modern improvements, Gas, Bath-Rooms, etc., and hopes in future to be able to aooommodate all who favor him with a visit. It is easy of acceRs ; the Canadian Navigation Company run two daily lines of steamers from Niagara Falls to Montreal, making allof the landings, stopping at Alexandria Bay both ways. As a quiet, romantic and healthy resort, this place has no superior, abounding as it does in oool, shady walks and rambles among the Islands, fine boating, and, lastly, the finest fishing to be found in America. Personb who, daring the hot months of summer, seek a place of resort for relaxation from cares of business, and also to benefit their health, will find no pleasanter spot than Alexandria Bay, environed as it is by the Thousand Islands, and the beaatiful scenery ot the St- Lawrence River. THE builoingTs ughted~b7 electricity. GOWAN'S BHAS» BAND. 0. tt. STAPLES, Proprietor. Send two 8 cent stampfii for Oalde Book and Yiiitors' liUt, to O. G. STAPI.I», Alexandria Basy. rwr^' .• ';ii «* ^ '"'. fia ■'■ ■*' m " . '* * m i^;' '-■>: ■iiiii ' ' ■ ill! :; 11:4 ■ •.. «T« ;-. . ■lilt '■ I t ■»*;i"- :i;'''-.-lh; ■■'l ' > 2 20 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. class about it, and nothing is left undone to contribute to the comfort and enjoyment of guests. The Grossman House is also a palatial establishment, and takes front rank as a fashionable resort. All its appointments are in first-class style, and the management of Mr. Cross- man and his son leaves nothing to be desired, and has gained a wide celebrity. Within sight of these hotels are the beautiful lawns of Westminster Park, the hand- some villas of Hayden Island, the commanding situation of Mr. Hart's " Eyrie," the breezy site so dear to the lamented Dr. J. G. Holland, where the anxieties of " Scribner " were exchanged, for the nonce, for the lotos existence of "(Bonnie Castle " ; the rugged promontories of Carleton Island, associated with scenes of the early French history of the continent, and many others, named and unnamed, upon which Nature has left her sweetest impress, REDWOOD. This village contains about 800 inhabitants, and is six miles from Alexandria Bay, to which stages run on arrival of the trains. The scenery around Redwood is picturesque and abounds in numerous lakes which afford excellent fishing for pike, pickerel, lake trout and various kinds of bass. The American, kept by Mr. M. Holkins, is an excellent hotel. We have now passed through the " Lake of a Thousand Islands," and leaving behind us the last of the great chain of lakes, we enter the River St. Lawrence, and speedily find ourselves at the thriving town of M'-'i All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 221 BROCKVILLE, 125 miles from Montreal. It is on the Canadian side of the river, and is built on an elevation which rises from the shore in a succession of graceful ridges, being one of the prettiest towns in Canada. It received its name in honor of the hero, General Brock, who fell at Queenston in 18 1 2. It was laid out about 1802, and has grown rapidly since that date. It contains a number of public buildings, and is largely interested in manufactures. The population is about 7900. OGDENSBURG Is situated on the American side of the river. In the year 1748, the Abb^ Francois Piquet, who was after- wards styled the " Apostle of the Iroquois," was sent to establish a mission at this place, as many of the Indians of that tribe had manifested a desire of embracing Christianity. A settlement was begun in connection with this mission, and a fort called " La Presentation," was built at the mouth of the Oswegatchie, on the west side. The remains of the walls of this Fort are still to be seen. In October, 1749, it was attacked by a band of Mohawk Indians, who, although bravely repulsed, succeeded in destroying the palisades of the fort, and two of the vessels belonging to the colony. The Abb^ Piquet retired from the settlement soon after the conquest of Canada, returning to France, where he died in 1 78 1. Ogdensburg has increased rapidly within the past few years, and has now a population of over 10,000. The Ogdensburg and Lake Champlain P^ailroad which runs to Lake Champlain, a distance of one '■^W% '"^''^ ' '■ ■'' » ■'■■,' 'is " ' 'OT :•"•. ■ i^ f^ im m§ ?*;fll * u "St ' M* M *i '■& >•';!?(' .m, •.' f.^'iffi ''"' '.TkS ■'■■' *^ ' •.< r^m ,*«,. .hlK' ■ J,: ■ '*' "^u '• .'. / '. 'mm ' '*• V^l 1 ^ J- ' > .rrm hM , •< . . -il mm *. vap .(' . ' ^ h H ' . v< ''" f? H^ ' «' '■''■ '*lf ffl'" * ' > st' ■-'■> M' ') ■ i f »i ^ m >'■■ '.'i '■^■^m '»r, ..« } VUBf •>'■■'. '■•tiffl %f < w "' 4 ": ^•■ ^m ''/ • 1V ■ ■ .( i-" 1 1 ■ r, ? '* 9 K f X*^ «i »■ *■ ,im • .» ■» Vi ' i ;■ •.' v.l-rit r * 1" 'vv * ■ 1*^ 1 ' "••'- *■ 1! ■^ , * "•;''' M^-"'"f. ', ' •'* "'■■'', 1 ' ^ --■ f '^■yi- , *,/':^ ■'■ ■'!i-i ': ■ I ■' V' it I hT ;rii.- ■ ■■ % r ■ . ' I f :^^ f- i 222 All'Roufid Route and Panoramic Guide, hundred and eighteen miles, and which connects at Rouse's Point with the railroad to Boston and Montreal, has its terminus here. The New England Transporta- tion Go's Steamers, formerly known as the Collingwood line, connect here with the Ogdensburg and Lake Champlain Railway. Several other railways terminate at Ogdensburg, which is an objective point of the Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburg R. R., now asserting its claims to consideration as one of the great trunk lines between the east and west. : . PRESCOTT ' ■ Is situated oh the Canada side of the St, Lawrence, opposite Ogdensburg, and contains 5,000 inhabitants. About a mile below the town of Prescott, at a place called "Windmill Point," are the ruins of an old stone windmill where, in 1837, the • Patriots," under WINDMILL POINT. Von-Schultz, a Polish exile, established themselves, but from which they were driven with severe loss. About five miles below Prescott is Chimney Island, on which the remains of an old French fortification is to be seen. The first rapid of the St. Lawrence is at this island. At Prescott, those intending to visit Ottawa will leave the boat. Ottawa, the Capital of the Dominion, is fifty- four miles distant from Prescott, and the journey to it is performed by railway in three hours. We can con- eave fifty- it is con- All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 223 fidently recommend this detour, on account of the claims of Ottawa itself, of which more anon. Tourists wishing to take this trip can obtain return tickets at moderate fares, and join the steamer again at Prescott the following morning, and descend the rapids to Montreal, which is by far the most exciting portion of the whole journey. Continuing our journey down the river, the next town on the American side is Waddington ; and in the river over against it, is Ogden Island. On the Canadian side is Morrisburg, which contains about twelve hundred i. habitants. A short distance below Morrisburg, on the V . :j la side, is Chrysler's Farm, where, in 1813, a bdi-Cie was fought between the English and the Americans. Thirty miles below Ogdensburg is Louis- ville, from whence stages run to Massena Springs, a place of popular resort and of beautiful surroundings, distant about 7 miles. LONG SAULT. f^--^>0. fHE increasing swiftness of the current of the river soon reveals to us the fact, that we are about to enter the first of those remarkable and celebrated Rapids of the St. Lawrence. " Shooting the rapids " (as this portion of the voyage is termed) is a most exciting scene, but no one need fear the undertaking, as fatal accidents have been comparatively unknown. The rapid we now enter is known as the " Long Sault," so called from its extent, it being a continuous rapid of nine miles, divided in the centre by an island. The usual passage for steamers is on the south side. The channel on the north side was formerly considered unsafe and dangerous ; 'iu-m '^v:-^' '1 .V,; .iii 14 >.: ' 3 U-^\ #'■ ■-., J- ■» 4 r r "* ■' • ■ < ^ . ■ ■.'<■". ;■■'■.' ' '■' ' 'i '.■■'•''' 'M\ if 'V": •' i '.' --k ■M '■■■ .n ' ■ •"•'•■- t i 224 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, . but examinations have been made, and it is now descended with safety. The pac;sage in the southern channel is very narrow, and such is the velocity of the current that a raft, it is said, will drift the nine miles in forty minutes. I ■ BAPTISTK, AN INDIAN PILOT, STKEUING A STEAMER DOWN THE RAPIDS OF THE ST. LAWUENCE. The first passage made by a steamer down these rapids was about 1 840, and then, under the guidance of a celebrated Indian, named Teronhiah(5r4 The rapids of the " Long Sault " rush along at the rate of something like twenty miles an hour. When the vessel enters within their influence, the steam is shut off, All-Rotmd Route and Panoramic GtaUe, 225 and she is carried onwards by the force of the stream along. The surging waters present all the angry appearance of the ocean in a storm; the noble boat strains and labors ; but unlike the ordinary pitching and tossing at sea, this going down hill by water produces a highly novel sensation, and is, in fact, a service of some danger, the imminence of which is enhanced to the imagination by the tremendous roar of the headlong boiling current. Great nerve force and precision are here required in piloting, so as to keep the vessel's head VIEW IN THE LONG HAULT. straight with the course of the rapid ; for if she diverged in the least, presenting her side to the current, or "broaching to," as the nautical phrase is, she would be instantly capsized and submerged.^ Hence the necessity for enormous power over her rudder. While descending the rapids a^tiller is attached to the rudder itself, so that the tiller can be manned as well as the wheel. Some idea may be entertained of the force necessary to keep the vessel steady, while descending a RAFT DESCENDING THE RAPIDS, rapid, when it requires four men at the wheel and two at the tiller to ensure safe steering. n ■mM/ h' * ■■■. fl « '; v«! ■ f J 4 t' "? '■', T4 «»-. '■■M ' : A' i If? •4 m M !l ■l! ■ It' y •; ii 226 All-Round Route ana Panoramic Guide, \-,• « ■ », -fs W: ^ '\ t ■ ' , (I 4 • A ■* •■■■ I V :■, . *•. t :4V \ \ All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 227 At the head of the rapids is a village of some 500 inhabitants, and known as Dickinson's Landing. Cornwall, a manufacturing town, is below the rapids at entrance to the canal of the same name. ENTRANCE TO CORNWALL. DICKINSON'S LANDING. After passing this place, the course of the St. Lawrence is entirely within Her Majesty's dominions. ST. REGIS, an old Indian village, lies six miles below Cornwall, on the opposite side of the river. It contains a Catholic Church which was built about the year 1700. LAKE ST. FRANCIS is the name of an expansion of the St. Lawrence which begins near Cornwall and St Regis, and extends to Coteau du Lac, a distance of forty miles. The surface of this lake is interspersed with a great number of small islands. The village of Lancaster is situated on the northern side, about midway, of this Lake. COTEAU DU LAC is a small village situated at the foot of Lake St Francis. The name, as. well as the style of the buildings, denotes its French origin. It is also known as St. Ignace. Just below the village are the Coteau Rapids. ■\* r ' 11 Ill ■■' ■ 1 :^M I 228 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. r 94 O A ad 33 ■< 63 a H o H ■A O & 'A H CEDARS. This village presents the same marks of French origin as Coteau du Lac .K All-Rourtd Route and Panoramic Guide, 23^ The village is situated nearly opposite the Coteaii Rapids. In the expedition of Gen. Amherst (1759), a detach- ment of three hundred men, that were sent to attack Montreal, was lost in the rapids near this place. The passage through these rapids is very exciting. There is a peculiar motion of the vessel, which in descending seems like settling down, as she glides from one ledge to another. In passing the rapids of the Split Rock, a oiDAB HAPiDs. pcrson unacquainted with their navigation will almost involuntarily hold his breath until this ledge of rocks, which is distinctly seen from the deck of the steamer, is passed. At one time the vessel seems to be running directly upon it, and you feel certain that she will strike ; but a skilful hand is at the helm, and in an instant more it is passed in safety. BEAUHARNOIS, Is a small village at the foot of the Cascades, on the right bank of the river. Here vessels enter the Beauhamois canal and pass around the rapids of the Cascades, Cedars and Coteau, into Lake St Louis, a distance of fourteen miles. On the north bank, a branch of the Uttawa enters mto the St. casoadk9 from entbanob to bbauhar- Lawrence. The river again nois oanal. widens into a lake called the St Louis. From this place a view is had of Montreal Mountain, nearly thirty miles ■-■r. m I..: ■' ••V It ' ».'■ ■ .'. i» • 4:' ;:# -■'■4' pi fef : ^ \^ >c: "*»"■' '#•■., '}. VT.i ■II' t •'.7 . 11 •■ m ! '-n n i I : 230 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, i s Q H 00 9 IK All'Rouftd Route and Panoramic Guide, 23 1 distant, In this lake is an island, beautifully cultivated, and belonging to the Grey Nunnery at Montreal. There are many islands in the vicinity of Montreal belonging to the different nunneries, and from which they derive lat^e revenues. LACHINE. This village is nine miles from Montreal, with which it is connected by a railroad. It;derived its name from the first settlers, who, when they reached this point, thought they had discovered the passage which would lead them to China. The Lachine rapids begin just below the village. The current here is so swift and wild that to avoid it a canal has been cut around the rapids. This canal is a stupendous work, and reflects much credit upon the energy and enterprise of the people of Canada. Opposite to Lachine is the Indian village of CAUGHNAWAGA, lying on the south bank of the river near the entrance of the Lachine Rapids. It is said thatjthe Indians who had been converted by the Jesuits, were called " Caughnawagas," o r " praying Indians." Hence its name. This was probably a misno- mer, for they were dis- CAUGHNAWAQA viLLAQK. tinguishcd for their pre- datory incursions upon their neighbors in the New England Provinces. The ■ Lachine Rapids, which we ^now enter, are con- 'i^^S: ■ v: >? ♦- M IVi »1' 'J, .' 'J- it ■vm I ?' H '■"?IM i I I 232 All' Round Route and Panoramic Guide, sidered the most dangerous of the series. They are however, much shorter. Immediately after passing through the rapids, we pass the ancient village of Laprairie, on the south shore of the river. This place is interesting from the fact that the first railway in British North America was constructed from here to St. Johns in 1836. It was first run by horses, then by steam, but was dis- continued on the construction of the road known as the Champlain and St Lawrence Railway, now a porti :i of the Grand Trunk. A ferry runs from the village to Montreal three times daily. Immediately after passing under Victoria Bridge, we pass the long wharf, used as a railway wharf by the Grand Trunk Railway, prior to the erection of the Bridge. We are now directly opposite the city of Montreal, the commercial metropolis and most important place in the Dominion, and destined to rival the population and prosperity of some of the overgrown cities of the Old World. Before landing her passengers, the steamers run along- side the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Company's boat, and as a matter of convenience, transfer those passengers who intend going through to Quebec without remaining over in Montreal. Having described the excitement of shooting the several Rapids, we would inform our tourist that in order to overcome these natural barriers to the water communication between Montreal and the Great West, a series of magnificent canals has been constructed by the Government. These canals are of ample dimensions to allow the largest steamers to ascend. We shall now proceed with such of our party as desire to visit the Capital of the Dominion. All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 233 MONTREAL TO OTTAV/A. Securing tickets at Montreal, by the OTTAWA RIVER NAVIGATION COMPANY, the best route is to take the train to Lachine, which leaves the Bonaventure Street Depot every morning (Sundays excepted), at 7.00 a. r.i. o'clock, and there stepping on board the steamer " Prince of Wales, Captain R. W. Shepherd, sail up the river. By this last route, we have a better opportunity of seeing the b 'dutiful scenery of the St. Lawrence and Ottawa rives ., where they first meet It is a bright morninf , ' nd the surt glances slantingly along the majestic waters, tinging with golden light the tips of the wavelets as they rise, one after the other, to greet his rays. A faint mist, like a delicate veil, spreads over the bosom of the river, on which one or two islets repose, as childhood sleeps on its mother's bosom, yet it does not conceal the enchanting beauty of the scene, but adds grace and loveliness to the charms, which it vainly strives to hide. It is soon dis- solved, and the light breeze wh .; r has sprung up, carries it all away. Away we go, stemming the current, until in due time, we reach Ste. Anne's, where are a succession of rapids which we avoid by going through a lock. More islets are here, round which the Ottawa bubbles and struggles in its course, while the pretty village of Ste. Anne's re- poses in quiet beauty upon the bank. This village is considered the starting point for the Ottawa River, by all orthodox voyageurs, as the last church on the island of Montreal is situated here, and is, moreover, dedicated !< 'V'^'ii I '^ i ^3; y'"m !-.-lt : ••• '■ .V Jw I •'4 w 1 m ^ 234 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, i IP i; to their tutelary saint, from whom also the village takes its name. Emerging from the canal, again we enter the Ottawa, having left the St Lawrence far astern, and after sailing about two miles, we find the shores recede on either hand, to about eight miles wide, and this recession continues for a distance of ten miles ; for we are in the lake of the Two Mountains, so called from two moun- tains on the north side, rising four to five hundred feet from the water. The river divides here into four branches, that which we have just come up, another which diverges towards the north-east, and forms the western boundary of the Island of Montreal, the third called the Dutchman's Chenal, and the fourth passing Vaudreuil around the Isle Perrot There is the Isle Jesus, and beside it Pigeon's Island, on which are the ruins of an Indian village. For the purpose of guarding against the incursions of the Indians, the French built a fort on the Island of Montreal, opposite to the village, but both village and fort have now fallen into decay, and large trees are growing inside the ruined walls of the latter. This property has been recently bought by the Hon. J. J. C. Abbott, M. P., upon which he has built a beautiful villa, where he passes the summer months. A few miles further on we arrive at a fine wharf named Oka, situated in the Indian Village of the Two Moun- tains. This village is inhabited by the remnants of two tribes, the Iroquois and the Algonquins, as the village of "Caughnawaga, opposite to Lachine, is by a remnant of the Iroquois. A Roman Catholic Church divides the settlements, as the people are all baptised into that Church. Three or four chapels stand on the mountain side. The highest peak of the Mountain is called Calvary, ;.vfj All-Rottnd Route and Panoramic Guide, 235 and on certain religious fetes of the Church it is fre- quented by both whites and Indians. Now we stop at the villages of Como and Hudson. Both these places are the resort of some of our Montreal friends, who pass the sum- mer months there with their families. At the head of the Lake of the Two Mountains the banks contract, so that the river is not more than half a mile in width, and it con- tinues thus narrow, for about a mile, when there is again an expansion, for the length of nine miles, forming the Upper Lake of the Two Mountains. On the southern bank is the mountain Rigaud, where there is also a settlement of the same name. The river again contracts to the breadth of half a mile, and continues, sometimes broader, sometimes as narrow, until we reach Carillon. Great improvements have been made at this place by the Railway Company, by building new wharves and station houses, and here again the navigation is impeded by rapids. A railroad has been formed between the two stretches of navigable water, and by it we arrive at Grenville, whence we proceed by the steamer " Peerless," (Captain Bowie,) to L'Original, seven miles distant. About 8 miles from L'Original, situated in the midst of a most charming country, is Caledonia Springs. Returning to our steamer at L'Orignal, after a few pleasant hours sail, we arrive at OTTAWA, Where we will naturally direct our steps towards the Windsor House, S. Daniels, proprietor, a gentleman favorably known to the traveling public, and one who is universally liked ; he spares no trouble to make his guests comfortable and " at home." ■i:m'^^\ V *' ■ ■■ 'if'li I'^fiir •' ,.. lid I ■-,.« pi;:'s] ,v 1-: lia mm 236 All-Roufid Route and Panoramic Guide, ^ The "Windsor" is centrally located, and within two minutes walk of the Parliament Buildings, Post Office* Grand Opera House, and new Turkish bath. Telegraph office in the house. Ottawa (or Bytown as it was formerly called) was selected by Her Majesty as the new Capital of the Dominion, the chief seat of the Government having for many previous years been at the cities of Montreal, Quebec and Toronto, — in turns, for a certain number o^ PARLIAMENT BUILDINGS, OTTAWA. • years in each. This system was found to work badly, and the jealousy stirred up against the one that happened at the time to be favored, made it necessary to £hoose some permanent place, and Ottawa was selected as being most desirable. The Government buildings have consequently been erected here, and very much credit is due not only to the architect who designed these most beautiful buildings, but to the public spirit of the ■V:]*^ All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 237 Legislature, which has found the means of bringing the work to a successful termination. The Parliament Buildings, with the Departmental offices, occupy three sides of a square, on a bluff of ground called Barrack Hill, overlooking the river. They contain two Legislative Halls, one for the Senate, the other for the House of Commons ; both being the same size as those provided in •:he English Houses of Parliament for the Lords and Commons, and like their originals, very CITY OK OTTAWA. handsomely decorated and conveniently furnished. The grounds in front of the building are handsomely laid out. A large Library is also provided, which at present contains over 75,000 volumes. The buildings are designed in the Italian Gothic style, and constructed of stone found in the neighborhood. When it is stated that the cost was $3,000,000, and the position almost unique, the tourist ought not to lose the opportunity of going there, as they alone are quite worth the delay which %:i.. vm v1 It :j. •.-.^ >'*i^i '-/M •■ -m^ mm "^4i"^^|-' ,'•••■; > ■f' .--■ m il ill .;■< I'M iH II I! J I ■ I y ai hi Ql a« hi cr m 238 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, must necessarily be devoted to the sight. The rest of the city, (which is, of course, increasing much, and keeps pace with her sister cities,) is very handsomely and substantially built. Sparks street, the scene of the assassination of the late Hon. T. D'Arcy McGee is close to the Parliamentary buildings and the Russel House. The Rideau Canal (which connects the Ottawa River with Lake Ontario), divides the city near the Parlia- ment Buildings. This canal is excavated at the base of a ravine, over 150 feet below the roadway, The upper and lower portions of the city are connected by two bridges, one known as the Sappers' Bridge, the other being a magtiificent iron bridge erected by the Corpora- tior.> and which leads to the broad avenue on which the Parliament Buildings stand. The Rideau Canal here falls into the Ottawa, after passing a series of eight massive stone locks. The other chief attractions in the neighborhood of Ottawa are the Chaudiere Falls, considered by very many to rank next in importance, beauty and grandeur to Niagara. They are immediately above the city, at its western exeremity. The width of the greater fall being two hundred feet, while its depth is forty, — the boiling, seething, foaming character of the water giving name to the place. On the northern side is the smaller, or Little Chaudiere, and here the waters, after their leap, seem to go into some subterranean passage, by which they are carried off until they appear again at a place called " The Kettles," half a mile lower down. Of course the existence of such a passage is a mere matter of conjecture which we will leave to the study of geologists, and others interested, to determine. These falls are crossed by a ^\.. .:i: All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 239 fine suspension bridge, which leads to the thriving city of Hull on the opposite shore. Before leaving Ottawa, we ought to pay a visit to one of the Timber Slides, which are tolerably frequent in the upper river. One is erected on the northern bank, and we will here tarry for a moment whilst we watch the fate of one of those huge rafts of hewn wood, down its headlong rush. These water-shoots are erected for the purpose of getting the fallen trees from the higher level down to the river at the smallest possible cost, and, wherever water can be obtained in sufficient quantity, this has been done. Where the descent is very steep, these " shoots " are broken up at stated intervals into long straight runs, in order to destroy the impetus which the rafts would naturally acquire. The descent on one of the rafts down the timber slide is a thing only to be attempted by those who possess bold and steady nerves. To say that there is much danger in such an excursion, would be to exaggerate the risk, whilst to say that there is none would be as far from the truth. An application to the " boss " of a gang of raftsmen would, without difficulty, obtain the privilege of a ride down. The population of Ottawa is about 30,000. Returning we arrive at MONTREAL, the commercial metropolis of the Dominion of Canada, situated upon the south shore of an island (bearing the same name) and at the base of a beautiful eminence, known as Mount Royal, from which both the city and island derive their name. Its population is 150,000. The island is about thirty miles long, and ten broad, and x:A .U ■«;■;-. >l ^"'■"'f* M -1' .'-•.■ (til , ' f. ■ iij" '"MS ^"11 ■^ 5jT 1 h 1 1 •:V:: I'! ■>^ T'».liii! ini ;!!! !' iJ I 240 AlURound RoHtc and Pttoramic Guide, 1. O o 03 Gu < H O O o M as o H » fa O All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 241 is formed by the River Ottawa debouching into the St. Lawrence at its western and eastern extremities, the former near St. Anne's, the latter at Bout de Tlsle, It is famed for the fertility of its soil, and is frequently called the " Garden of Canada." The site of the city was first visited by Jacques Cartier in 1535, and .at that tim|^ he fouq.d a village of Indians situated near the foot of the "fountain. He landed a short distance below the city, at a point still known by the name of the Indian Village, " Hochelaga," When he reached the top of the mountain, to which he was guided by the Indian Chief " Donnacona," he was so struck by the magnificent outlook that he named it in honor of his master, '• the Royal Mount." Champlain also visited the site in 161 1, bnt the village, with its inhabitants, had been swept away, probably by some hostile tribe. A few years j^o a large quantity of skeletons and pottery was discovered uhder buildings on the site of this village. The first settlement was made by the French in 1642. In its early history the city was repeatedly attacked by the Indians, and in 1684 a wooden wall erected for defence. This was replaced in 1722 by a massive stone wall with redoubts and baistions. In 1759, when Canada was conquered by the British, Montreal had a^ population of 4,000 souls. The streets were narrow and the houses low. Some of these buildings ^^re still standing, and a walk through the two or three streets still retain- ing their primitive buildings and narrow paths, strongly reminds us of the quaint old towns of Rouen, Caen, and others in Normandy. At the date named, the town was divided into upper and lower town ; the upper part then being the level of the present Court 16 ' jr. .. "■ .'■A* V ■ "'1 vi'^*- 'ii' r.> ^•■■•^ I ^ '.-I'd ■ ■ 1 I' , ^m ■'*!■ A'. I m •••'.Tiifti ■■f> p^r^pi m S . i ^ 1, IK ■■'.I . ■?•( "53 II ! ! I' ! I u i! n 242 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, House. In the lower town the merchants and men of business chiefly resided, and here also were the place of arms, the royal magazines, and the Nunnery Hospital. The principal buildings were in the upper town, such as the palace of the Governor, the houses of the chief officers, the Convent of the RecoUets, the Jesuits Church and Seminary, the Free School and the Parish Church. In 1775, the city was taken by the American forces under Montgomery. The growth of the city has been exceedingly rapid, and the view, as seen on our approach OANADIAK FAOIFIO K. B. OFFIOEI?, PLAOX D'ABMXS. by steamboat, with Mount Royal for a background, covered with beautiful villas, interspersed here and there with tall spires, is majestic, and for beauty almost^ unrivalled. The river frontage is almost three miles in length, extending from the Victoria Bridge to the village of Hochelaga. For upwards of a mile it has an excellent stone retaining wall, from the entrance to the Lachine Canal to below the Bonsecours Market, which, with its glittering dome, forms one of the most conspicuou3 objects in the right foreground, and contrasts with the neighboring spire of the Bonsecours Church, one of the oldest churches in Montreal We think the view from the steamer can scarcely be surpassed, as we sail under the centre tube of the Victoria Bridge, and first view the long array of glittering spires, the lofty towers of the CUSTOM IIOU8K. Parish Church of Notre Dame, the well-proportioned tower of the Customs Buildings, and the long unbroken line of cut stone flanking the wharf. At the beginning of the present century vessels of more than 3CX) tons could not ascend to Montreal, its foreign trade was carried on by small brigs and barquesi and the freight and passengers were landed upon a low muddy beach. In 1809 the first steam vessel, called the "Accommodation," built by Hon. John Molson, made a trip to Quebec ; she had berths for about twenty passengers. Now behold the contrast that fifty years of industry, intelligence, enterprise and labor have produced — ocean steamers of over 5,000 tons : the magnificent V^' All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 243 *'pl?-f.J .li.w •• .'^,:■ :.'-■♦ n Tit" i.*-4 e (€,. i W :* m 1*: *4ii I "An. 'lip 244 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. i 1 ) i, steamers of the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Company, vicing in splendor and comfort with the far-famed Hudson River boats ; ships from 700 to 2,0(5o tons, from all parts of the world, lying alongside the wharves of the harbor, which are not equalled on this continent, in point of extent, accommodation, approach and cleanliness. LIVERPOOL AND MONTREAL SCREW STEAMER. The Richelieu Hotel, on St Vincent St and Jacques Cartier Square, the old quarter of the city, has the most central situation of any hotel in Montreal. It is within a stone's throw of the steamboat landing and harbor, and adjacent to Jacques Cartier Square with Nelson's Monu- ment, the Court House, City Hall, Bonsecours Market, Place d'Armes, and French Cathedral, all of which are prominent objects of interests to tourists. Mr. I. B. Durocher is a courteous host and admirable manager. Under his progressive management the Richelieu has made rapid strides in the favour of the public, and every year witnesses some improvement, and the inauguration of some new plan to increase the comfort of his guests, and add to the popularity of the house. His efforts, however, for the season of 1882 have outdone all pre- '^.•K. >» 1 J ■ ( ;vpr: ■«■■. *■ %' • Mi !•*•• •■ ^-;!ii*' % J ■;f»!>! /^i: ■Ivi ..«■■!- il|l .■• .■I 'H A « V :t5' .«■ 't I (■'■■.''. ' * t ' 1 •' 1. 1 \ i ' / 1 _ * 1 « k/ « . 1 • :>.-^/ , ,1 * ■ I ./,•:,'. *••'* V r . If .* '?^\ • • m .' • • i ^■■i*.^ ^ -;.;;i. • \.< ., ■ c K ■ d 'r ' '■^-HiV :H- M \ 1 m ,'1 •» ^ 1 1 ' ■1 • • •• ■. ^;;' k . \. r.'.i ♦ ■ v, .'•r ■■*.*'' ' *■ ." 1., >< i.-:^J';' i.^:.. ^it-\ C* ^x;! ,':} rM ' 'yi'>\\ .'* , ♦.^. ■■1 : T ■ f- f 1 •» ,'• ■, \-'.&\ 1 /■ : •■^Mr '■' ,■,'.' -Ms > . >'■■■' ;''-', 'i > e ;."' ■ ^' ■ , i ".•:•' ;>'' :t;--'i ^1 v*' ,''^ -us ] &\ "■'f ^ , V • , ^ 'r *' i[ ■ v' ^vC'H' • * iv :: j.i' .•:■ ^. i* -"' -.f .' ;! *\ Ur 'Jij*' 'ik-;t!'ii i i ;■■''■. ^M L?.' -I ml:' 248 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, and hardware stores. This street is a credit to the great enterprise of Montreal, and is symbolic of the wealth of -- i! :-■ ' t. ... ., ♦ . CAVKRHILL'a HLOCK. the city. Passing along St Paul street we enter McGill street, on the corner of which stands the Dominion Buildings, and directly opposite is the Albion Hotel, which for the past twenty years has been favorably known to travelers from all parts of the globe, -;., . f f-rw * t •/ DOMINION BUILDIN08. We next approach Victoria Square with its bronze statue of the Queen, and its playing fountains. Near its m\. All'Rotmd Route and Panoramic Guide, 249 entrance are the Albert Buildings, while directly across the square stands a handsome building of Gothic architecture surmounted by a lofty and graceful spire* '»t» YOU>0 MBN'8 CHtlhTIAN AHHOCIATiON BUILDING. erected by the Young Men's Christian Association. In it is a beautiful public hall, with reading-rooms and library free to all. t ■ '% W i - 7 I ■m I'-f'ij ', ■ '* -■■'[■ . i ■■1 •'■•»■■»-]■' «*, ''r ilf; » m i:M I f^'i"-^ •* 'i.v ■ '- • 1 ^!t*^• ^^^c^-^ j^^> t>r.*'- '■ i-,;.j.!^ 1 .-{'%« •< < s^v'. 250 \All'Roufid Route aiid Panormnic Guide, Retracing our steps along St. James street, beyond the Post Office, we enter a square called Place d'Armes. It is not large in area ; but few squares on this continent, if any, have as handsome buildings overlooking them. Here is the French Parish Church, the largest in North America, and capable of holding over ten thousand people. It is about 260 feet long by 140 feet broad, and FRKNCH PAKISH ClIUUCH. the front facing the square is flanked by two massive towers, 330 feet in height In the one on the left is a peal of bells. The tower on the right can be ascended on the payment of a small fee. In it is placed the monster bell which goes by the name of "Gros Bourdon." It weighs nearly 30,000 lbs. It has a deep bass sound, and was used as a fire alarm. From the battlement a most i^\ All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 251 ^ •!"'•;/ wonderful prospect is obtained — the broad rolling waters of the St. Lawrence, nearly two miles wide, lying almost at the feet of the spectator, covered with shipping ; to the right the Victoria Bridge, Nuns' Island, the village of Laprairie, with its glittering steeple, the boiling rapids of Lachine, the blue hills of Vermont in the far off distance, — to the left the beautiful island of St. Helen, covered with trees, clothed in the proud prosperity of leaves, the villages of St Lambert and Longueuil and the river studded with Islands, until its silvery course is lost at the village of Verch^res. On the side of the square facing the Cathedral stands the Bank of Montreal, one of the most imposing public buildings in the city ; it is built of cut lime-stone, and its style is pure Corinthian. Adjoining it are the offices of the Canadian Pacific Railway, a handsome building with cut stone front and columns, formerly the headquarters of the City Bank. On the left hand of the square are the Ontario Bank, and the London and Liverpoo' insurance Company's office. The former is built of Ohio sandstone. This row is a pretty piece of street architecture. On the right hand side is a fine block calied Muir's buildings. The fourth fiat is occupied by the honorable fraternity of Freemasons. Next is the elegant building — Jacques Cartier Bank. The centre oi the square is laid out as a garden with a fine fountain. Proceeding up Notre Dame street the tourist will pass a somewhat dilapidated column, known as Nelson's Monument. As little care seems to be bestowed upon its preservation, as there was taste shown in the first choice of its position. Formerly the jail stood opposite, .■1 1,* •■•■;.,!■ y . ■ )MJ >» ■ K * : • ' '*i 1. K' ■■ ' . \ ' ■ * * i , ' m • ■ .•'■■■ la 1 T ;**^ ! ■•*;. ■ ;»■■• 1 jlll . > " . J Hi ujjji •* fe "'ft.' fi. m-Ml f iii^ ■■■{,>[ '<■:>•• :.n ^k f^' • I'V' ^•;: '.' ■ ».• . (■■ ■ i' * , -■; »' ' iv/; i u if ill 252 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. .'/>>. -4 > All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide. 253 and Nelson was placed in a' somewhat anomalous position with his back to his favorite element, " water," and his face toward the jail. The old jail is now replaced by the Court House, an Ionic structure about a hundred and twenty feet long, by about seventy in height, containing all the judiciary courts as well as the Prothonotary's office and Court of Bankruptcy. There is in it a very valuable law library, containing upwards of 6,000 volumes. Adjoining is the new City Hall, a most imposing structure, in the light Italian style and containing all the municipal offices. At the back of the Court House is the Champ de Mars, a parade ground, upon which the Volunteer Militia parade. Upon it three thousand troops may be manoeuvred. This ground was used by the British troops when quartered in Canada. The old buildings directly beyond the monument were erected in 1722, and in early days served as a Government House. Here it was that during the occupation of the city by the Americans the celebrated Benjamin Franklin, Charles Carrol, and Samuel Chase, the Commissioners of Congress, held their councils of war, and beneath its roof the first printing press ever used in Montreal, was set up to print the manifestos. The building is now known as the Jacques Cartier Normal School. Facing the Champ de Mars is the Geological Museum recently vacated by the Geological Survey on their removal to Ottawa. It was built under the diiection of Sir William Logan, the late head of the Geological Department of the Dominion. On the slope of the Mountain, above Sherbrooke street, stands the McGill College, while lower down, on University street, 1 -f . -.' i 1 r ^ i .' ' ■ ir. *. ! : .'<'-' 254 All-Round Route attd Panoramic Guide, U E % I r ti ill I' I 1 I: i; !■ \ li li is the Museum of the N^atural History Society, Here the tourist can gain information relative to the zoolbgy and ornithology of Canada ; and to those who are disciples of Isaac Walton, the curator can give any information regarding the fishing grounds. The English Cathedral (Episcopal), on St Catherine street, is by far the most perfect specimen of Gothic architecture in America. It is well worthy a visit. The streets in this neighborhood are studded with churches — Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Wesleyan, and Episcopalian — each tending to make the ecclesias- tical architecture of the city worthy of comparison with the many public^ buildings with which Montreal abounds. A new Catholic Cathedral is being erected corner of Dorchester and Cathedral streets, to be second only in the world to St. Peter's at Rome, and after the same design. The Church of the Jesuits on Bleury street is a very imposing edifice. The interior is covered with frescoes of incidents in the lives of our Saviour and His Apostles. Erskine Church and Knox Church (Presbyterian) are two fine specimens ot modern Gothic. The Wesleyan Church, Dorchester street, with its graceful spire forms a conspicuous object, though its dimensions are over- topped by the large American Presbyterian Church adjoining it. WINDSOR HOTEL. This building is designed after the style of the famous " Potter Palmer " Hotel in Chicago, and by the same architect. The furniture and appointments are most cos pr< bet D< firs Tl All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 255 costly and luxurious, and the house contains everything proper to a first-class modern hotel. No expense has been spared to make it the Palace Hotel of the Dominion. The terms are no higher than those of the first-class houses of the United States and Europe. The management, under Mr. Swett, is unexceptionable. QUEEN'S HALL Situated on St. Catherine Street, should be visited by strangers coming to the city. It is a magnificent structure and its interior is superior to any Hall in the i^^-tr — WINDSOR HOTKL. City. On the Stage of the Hall has been erected a fine large Concert Organ. This instrument contains 50 Stops, distributed over three manuals and pedals, and is in every respect a perfect specimen of workman- ship and construction. The wind pressure is supplied by Berry's hydraulic engine. The cost of the whole work amounted to over $10,000. A little further westward on St. Catherine street is a pretty little Gothic church (Episcopalian), dedicated to St, James the Apostle, and beyond that again stands 'M 'K^l ^ J *?- l^-!i^ I ( • ' I; IHJ 256 AU-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. U'' 1. ii ..•| -'Si I. v., 'I the large Roman Catholic Seminary, on the Priests' farm. Here is a beautiful chapel, well worthy of CATHOLIC SEMINARY. inspection. The grounds and gardens attached to the Seminary are well laid out Returning from the Seminary by Guy street, we visit the celebrated Grey Nunnery, founded in 1642. This GREY NUNNERY new edifice covers an immense area, and the chapel and wards of the nunnery are annually visited by thousands All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 257 of tourists. The old punnery near the river, so long the centre of attraction, from its quaint appearance and solemn- looking walls, has given way to beautiful ware- houses and stores, which line the streets opened through its former spacious gardens. A visit to the Reservoir on the mountain side will repay the trouble, as a fine view of the city may here be obtained. From these reservoirs the city is supplied with water which is taken from the St. Lawrence, about a mile and a half above the Lachine Rapids, where the elevation of the river surface is about 37 feet above the Harbor of Montreal. The Wheel-house at the termination of the Aqueduct is worthy of notice. The water is admitted to and discharged from this building through submerged arch- ways under covered frost-proof passages, extending above and below the building. There are two iron wheels 20 feet diameter and 20 feet broad with enormous auxiliary steam engines. The reservoirs are excavated out of the solid rock, and have a water surface of over ninety thousand square feet, 206 feet above the harbor, with a depth of 25 feet. The length is 623 feet, with a breadth of 173, formed into two reservoirs by a division wall. The two contain about fifteen million gallons. Total cost of aqueduct, machinery, pumping main and reservoirs, over $2,000,000. With the power here supplied the Fire Department are enabled to hold in check any threatening conflagration, and their efficiency is increased by the Fire Alarm Telegraph, which has proved a thorough success. The chief office is in the City Hall, from which it has connections with upwards of 98 boxes, the church bells, several public clocks, the Observatory and Water- works. n \ * :■■• ,1 ' [ ... M 1 i"i , 1 ^:r "ft:A\ «'. 258 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, ill I1 THE VICTORIA BRIDGE Ought to be visited. Visitors are allo\vt:d to examine the first tube without an order, and as they are all alike, to see one tube is to see all. The Bridge is a wonderful structure, and reflects as much credit on the successful builders as upon the original designers. The tube through which the trains pass rests upon twenty-four piers, and is about a mile and a quarter long. The piers are all at a distance of 242 feet, with the exception of ,^j^^fc^ MONTREAL, AND VICTORIA BRIDGE. the two centre piers, which are 330 feet ; upon these rests the centre tube, which is 60 feet above the summer level of the St. Lawrence. At the centre of the bridge is an opening, from which there is a magnificent view of the river. The bridge is approached by two massive embank- ments, the one on the Montreal side being 1,200 feet, and that on the south shore 800 feet in length ; which together, including the abutments, make the total length of the bridge 9,084 feet, or a mile and three quarters nearly. The abutments are each, at the base, 278 feet long, and are built hollow, having eight openings or cells, 48 feet in length, and 24 feet in width, separated by cross- All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 259 walls 5 feet in thickness. The flank-wall on the down- stream side rises nearly perpendicular, and is seven feet in thickness ; that on the up-stream has a slope from its foundation upwards; the thickness of the walls is 12 feet, and they present a smooth surface to facilitate the operation of the ice, on which account its form had been thus determined. To ure greater resistance to the pressure of the ice, th '^ are filled up with earth, stone and gravel, so ^ ne solid mass was thus obtained. The embankments are solid, composed of stones 36 feet above the summer water level, and of the width of 30 feet on the upper surface, formed with a slope of one to one on the down side of the stream, and a hollow shelving slope of about 2^ to one on the upper side. The slopes are faced with stones set on edge at an average angle of about 45°. The piers are solid, and constructed, as well as the abutments, of the finest description of ashlar masonry, laid in horizontal courses measuring from 7 to 12 feet on the bed, and from 3 feet 10 inches to 2 feet 6 inches thick above the water level, and thence varying into a course of 18 inches under the plates. The stones were cut with the greatest exactness, seldom requiring to be redressed after being laid. They weigh from 7 to 17 tons ; the average weight of each stone is 10^ tons. All the beds and vertical joints are square, dressed in the most efficient and workmanlike manner ; the external face rough, and without any pick or tool marks, but with the natural quarry face preserved. The string-courses and copings are fair-picked, dressed throughout and neatly pointed and weathered. ■:• \ :\' 'lij N IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // 1.0 I.I |Z5 ■ 50 "^* us IL25 III 1.4 ^ VQ Photographic Sciences Corporation \ ^ ^\ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. MS80 (716)872-4503 ^'V- ■-fr |8 ;(:,: M 260 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, and a tool draft, eight inches wide, on each quoin. Each course of the ice-breaker is secured with fox-wedged bolts of ij^ inch iron, which pass through into the second and third courses under it, and the horizontal joints are cramped together with iron cramps 12x5 inches through which the bolts pass. The description of stone used is a limestone of the Lower Silurian order, and known under the Geological term of Chazy. The average height of the piers above the summer water level is 48 feet, gradually rising from a height of 36 feet at the abutments to 60 feet at the centre pier, giving a grade of i in 132, or 40 feet to the mile. The centre span is level. Each pier is furnished with a solid cut-water or ice-breaker, which forms a portion of the pier itself. They are of a wedge form, and slope from their foundations upwards, terminating in an angle, 30 feet above the summer level of the river. The dimensions of the pier at the junction with the cut- water are 16x48 ft., but the whole transverse side of a pier at the foundation, including the cut-water, which extends up the stream, is 16x90 feet. The foundations, of course, vary ; some are as low as 20 feet below the water. The whole of the ashlar is laid in hydraulic cement, in the proportion of one part sand to one part cement. The backing from the level of the surface of water upwards is in common mortar. The piers are calculated to resist a pressure of seventy thousand tons. The important part this bridge plays in the uninter- rupted transportation of the Western traffic with that of the Eastern States — Boston, Portland, etc., need not be dilated on. It is more than commensurate with its Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 261 cost — which was nearly 7,000,000 dollars. It gives to Montreal an unbroken railway communication, the value of which cannot be over-estimated. There are many pleasant drives in and around Montreal, the most popular being those "Round the Mountain " and the Lachine Road. Taking the former we leave the City by St. Lawrence Main Street, passing on our way, near the City limits, an immense structure surmounted by a beautiful dome. This is the " Hotel Dieu," a cloister and Hospital. The building with its HOTEL DIEU. enclosure covers an area of several acres. Immediately after passing the toll-gate a road turns to the left lead- ing to the beautiful " Mount Royal Cemetery," the resting-place of the Protestant dead of Montreal, and the grounds will compare favorably with the celebrated cemeteries of the Old World. The Roman Catholic Cemetery adjoins the Mount Royal, and is approached by the road leading to the opposite side of the Mountain. The drive on which we have entered is a very delightful one. A fine view is obtained of the country from C6te des Neiges, across the island to the " Back River," or ■ ■ %•'.* 'I <^i ,~t. w if; \M 1 '■' rV •'■1 i\ m U ti •■' 'I' «.'. i: , . • 111' isv::. ^ 262 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 'li It % "I 1 lii III Ottawa, with its numerous hamlets, convents and churches ; and for a picnic commend us to the Priests Island, close to the old mill of the rapids, Sault au Recollet, a delightful spot, and where, during the season, a good day's fishing is to be had. The drive to Lachine will prove of the greatest interest. The Lower Lachine Road leads along the bank of the St. Lawrence, and during the drive there may be seen the steamer descending the rapids. To points beyond the island of Montreal, a favorite trip is that to Belceil Mountain, near St Hilaire. The latter is a station on the Grand Trunk Railway, about 1 8 miles from Montreal, and where several trains stop during the day, so that there will be no difficulty in performing the trip without remaining at the village for the night. From St. Hilaire Station, the tourist proceeds to the pretty little village of Beloeil, whence he is conducted to the base of the mountain, which can be ascended with comparative ease — even by ladies — by a circuitous path, passing through a maple grove, leading to a beautiful lake, formed in the hollow of the mountain. This lake abounds with fish. This is the general resting-place before the as: to the peak. This mountain is the centre of great interest to the French Canadian Catholics. Ow the road are, at intervals, wooden crosses having inscriptions referring to our Saviour's journey to Mount Calvary, and on the summit of the mountain are the ruins of a chapel erected some years ago. From these ruins, about 1,400 feet above the river, a splendid panoramic view of the country for 60 miles round may be had. The rich pano- ramic scene amply repays the fatigue of the journey. All-Romid Route and Panoramic Guide, 263 We shall now leave Montreal and proceed to Quebec, taking as our conveyance the popular Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Company's Mail Line. The two splendid vessels, the "Montreal" and the "Quebec," make the trip between Montreal and Quebec every H O H night, except Sunday, during the time that navigation is open. Any traveller preferring the land route can take the trains, leaving Bonaventure Station on the Grand Trunk Railway, and after an eight hours' journey arrive at Point Levis, opposite " the Ancient Capital," !t ■'•".■ if;v fef«.' I! I ' ^•^"i' '•* ,!;■ ""' ":l *' 1*1.;:!; ,t , ■ « :. I .1 264 AlURound Route and Panoramic Guide, li ^ i Fit? I !; fir 'i il i:: "I . f>>.i I? I? 1 - i ■A 04- H en } r 11 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 265 (as Quebecers are fond of styling their city,) whence a steam ferry will soon convey them across the river ; or by the trains of the North Shore railway, which run down the North side of the river. To many, however, the most agreeable route is that selected by us for des- cription. We shall, therefore, go on board the " Montreal " or " Quebec," to take a stateroom, and be landed early next morning at one of the quays of Quebec. The scenery on this part of our route is not striking, we shall therefore content ourselves with briefly noticing the principal points, many of which our vessel will pass while probably we ourselves are enjoying a refreshing sleep. As we steam out of the wharf, we pass by the shores of the military Island of St. Helen's, so called after the beautiful wife of Champlain, the first Governor of Canada, and the founder of Quebec, Just below the Island is the village of Longueuil, a favorite summer resort of the citizens of Montreal. SOREL, or William Henry, ' is situated at the mouth of the Richelieu, the outlet of Lake Champlain into the St. Lawrence. It occupies the site of a fort built by the Marquis de Tracy in 1665, and was for many years the summer residence of the English Governors of Canada, and here Queen Victoria's father at one time resided. The population is about 5,000. Immediately below Sorel, the river widens into a lake called ST. PETER, Which is about 35 miles in length, and about lO miles in width. It is very shallow, except in a narrow f . J I .*,■ .-v .. .' ':'if ('* J *\ X'. -\ :■ ■; ■¥ ■; ■/> 266 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, li, ,r.«' 3 ■k\ \ lii channel, which has been excavated for the ocean steamers and sailing vessels of very large tonnage, coming up to Montreal during the summer season. I H (0 o < o u In calm weather it is pleasant sailing over its waters, but, owing to its shallowness, a strong wind causes its waves to rise tempestuously, and many wrecks, principally of rafts, take place every year. All-Round Route attd Panoramic Guide, 267 We now touch at the half-way port of THREE RIVERS, Situated at the confluence of the rivers St. Maurice and St. Lawrence, ninety miles below Montreal, and the same distance above Quebec. It is one of the oldest settled towns in Canada, having been founded in 161 8. It is well laid out, and contains many good buildings, among which are the Court House, the Jail, the Roman Catholic Church, the Ursuline Convent, and the English and Methodist Churches. The celebrated St. Maurice CANADIAN HABITANTS. Forges, situated near the town, have been in c peration for more than a century. The population is 12,000. BATISCAN, A village of little importance, is the last stopping-place before reaching Quebec. Seven miles above Quebec, we pass the mouth of the Chaudi^re river. A short distance from its entrance are situated the Chaudi^re Falls. The falls are very beautiful and romantic, and are annually visited by large numbers of tourists. The river at this point is about four hundred feet wide, and the height of the falls is one hundred and twenty-five '•»{ "■T ■■ *•/ ' . ' "i v^:.| , "V|!.:! :;iv 268 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. i feet. The course of the river is thickly studded with picturesque islands, covered with fine trees, which add much to the beauty of the scenery. CANADIAN FARM-HOUSE. In passing down the St. Lawrence, the country upon its banks presents a sameness in its general scenery, until we approach the vicinity of Quebec. The villages and hamlets are decidedly French in character, and are generally made up of small buildings ; the better class are painted white, or whitewashed, having red roofs. CANADIAN PEASANT. CANADIAN PRIEST. Prominent in the distance appear the tin-covered spires of the Catholic Churches, which are all constructed in a style of architecture peculiar to that Church. '.i ' m All-Rottnd Route and Panoramic Guide, 269 The rafts of timber afford a highly interesting feature on the river as the traveller passes along. On each a shed is built for the raftsmen, some of whom rig out their huge, unwieldly craft with gay streamers, which flutter from the tops of poles. Thus, when several of these rafts are grappled together, forming, as it were, a floating island of timber, the sight is extremely picturesque ; and when the voices of these hardy sons of the forest and the stream join in some of their Canadian boat songs, the wild music, borne by the breeze along the water, has a charming effect. Many of CANADIAN BOATMEN, these rafts may be seen lying in the Coves at Quebec, ready to be shipped to the different parts of the world. We now come within sight of the "Gibraltar of America," as the fortified city we are approaching has been called. QJEBEC. [AVING landed, our first course is to proceed to a hotel. On this point our choice would be the St. l^lgSP' Louis, owned by the Russell Hotel Co. The tourist or man of business will have no trouble in making his way to the well-known St. Louis Hotel, where he will always be greeted in such a hospitable and home-like way that he feels comfortable and at his ease at once. The St. Louis Hotel takes the lead in the hotel business here, and is kept by the Russell Hotel Company, whose president is that well-known veteran hotel proprietor. ., .'•'•^ rn ;f « ' ''^.i >■' : !/ »•• i. J; ^' .«■' I'l Mil: t •1 1 i h '■-i ,1 '•-1 ;C>f * .■•■ ,'f\ ' ''■ -yjf- m. / : '^n^i-4 .■ " ', « ■ \ •■,.' I " >m 1'fj m , t ' 'i "■ f ■■■^r* •^l '■■ \ i -■ '' f~ «r' ; 1 ,'K ''<•'. . i b'V ' j . ;^;i' i '' .'; •• •N \ M Ma i < 270 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, Willis Russell, Esq., whose name is a sufficient guarantee that patrons of the St Louis Hotel will always receive the best of accommodation. This Hotel is situated on the principal thoroughfare of the city, St. Louis street, surrounded by the most delightful and fashionable pro- menades, etc. For us to enumerate the distinguished people who have made the St Louis Hotel their home during the past ten years would be almost like publishing the names of the celebrated persons who have visited the city during that period. ST. LOUIS HOTEL. ^! At this house the tourist will find himself at home and surrounded by every comfort he possibly can desire, we are quite satisfied that his experience will be like our own, and lead to oft-repeated journeys to the old city. Quebec, until recently the capital of United Canada, is situated on the north shore of the St Lawrence, in lat 46 deg. 48 min. north, and long.71 deg. 15 min. west from Greenwich. It was founded by Champlain, in 1608, on the site of an Indian village, called Siadacotia. It is the second city in the Province, and has a popula- AU'Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 27 1 % f«ff ' > 1 ,'•._♦ ' • 1 \ 'f.::f: * '< ■ ' h ^ .: ") ■' - : , •• ''" !■: ► .1 ' \ . »■ ■ i t ^^?4:. »' \ • •' 'v, 'i^- : M •.•;ii #•.:] /■/^4|l / , ' 'f -1 > 1? :^ [ V . -'■ 1 ..• "Sl ,. J...'! ,'. :il: '■I'S; - ;.Jf-, ■ii'i 'I V ' jia?. «;:;• 'l*.llt 272 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, i.'i ■'l!f •I tion of about 65,000. The form of the city is nearly that of a triangle, the Plains of Abraham forming the base, and the Rivers St. Lawrence and St. Charles, the sides. It is divided into two parts — Upper and Lower Towns. The Upper Town is strongly fortified, and includes within its limits the Citadel of Cape Diamond, which is the most formidable fortress in America, The Lower Town is built upon a narrow strip of land which runs at the base of the Cape, and of the high grounds upon which Upper Town stands; and the suburbs of St. Roch's and St. John's extend along the River St. Charles, and to the Plains of Abraham. Quebec was taken by the British and Colonial forces in 1629, but restored to France in 1722. It was finally captured by Wolfe in 1759, and together with all the French possessions in North America, was ceded to Great Britain by the treaty of 1763. Quebec, including the City and suburbs, contains 174 streets, among the principal of which are the following : St, John Street, which extends from Fabrique street to St. John's Gate in the Upper Town, and is occupied chiefly by retail stores ; St, Louis Street, a handsome and well-built street, eictending from the Place d'Armes to the old St Louis Gate, and occupied principally by lawyers' offices and private dwellings. D'Auteuil Street faces the Esplanade and the grounds where the military were drilled, and is an elegant street mostly of private dwellings ; Grand AU^e or St. Louis Road, out- side St. Louis Gate, and leading to the Plains of Abraham, is a pleasant and beautiful street, on which are many elegant villa residences ; St John Street with- out, is also a fine street, occupied by shops and private M I '. n •p^i<\ All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 273 dwellings. The principal street in the Lower Town is St. Peter, on which, and on the wharves and small streets which branch from it, most of the banks, insurance com- panies', and merchants' offices are situated. The fur trade of Quebec is very large, and has for many years employed thousands of dollars capital, and hundreds of men. The firm of G. R. Renfrew & Co., No. 35 Buade street, located directly opposite the Roman Catholic Cathedral, are the most extensive dealers in furs in Quebec, as well as Canada. They are the oldest house in this branch of business, having been establi.shed in Quebec for a great many years, and having ever main- tained the best reputation for fair dealing and reliability in representing their goods. This firm import and manu- facture all of their own goods, among which are to be found the choicest Russian and Hudson Bay, Sables, Canada Mink, Ermine, Grebe, Fancy Furs, and South Sea Seal goods of all kinds and forms. They also keep a large assortment of Indian Curiosities, and are the most fashionable Hatters in Quebec. All their goods are sold at much less price than similar goods in the United States. The Citadel, on Cape Diamond, is one of the most interesting objects to visitors. The area embraced within the fortifications of the Citadel is more than forty acres. The line of fortification, enclosing the Citadel and the Upper Town, is nearly three miles in length, and the guns with which they are mounted are mostly thirty- two and forty-eight pounders. Until the past few years there were five gates to the city, three of which, Prescott, Palace and Hope gates, communicated with the Lower Town, and l\\o of which, St. Louis and St. John's gates, i8 ■'.;i ■I f , ^/., #>,"!• ■1. »: M m : > -•:■ f- '.■ 'if 1' i^.^ ll-l' ■• Cm 274 All-Rotmd Route and Panoramic Guide. communicated with the suburbs of the same name. About three quarters of a mile from the city are four Martello Towers, fronting the plains of Abraham, and intended to impede the advance of an enemy in that direction. Durham Terrace, in Upper Town is a platform commanding a splendid view of the river and the LowerTown. It occupies the site of the old castle of St. Louis, which was burnt in 1834, and was erect-! ed by a nobleman whose name it bears. The Public Garden fronts on Des Carrieres Street, Up per Town, and contains an elegant monument, which was erected to the memory of Wolfe and Montcalm, in 1827. The height of this monument is 65 feet; its design is chaste and beautiful, and no stranger should leave Quebec without visiting it. The Place d'Armes is an open piece of ground, around which the old chateau of St. Louis, the Government offices, the English Cathedral, and the old Court House are situated. FACE OF THE CITADEL, yl'RBEt. All'F 7id Route and Panoramic Guide. 275 The Esplanade is a beautiful piece of ground situated between D'Auteuil Street and the ramparts. The Roman Catholic Cathedral, which fronts upon the Upper Town market-place, is a very large and commo- dious building, but with no great pretensions to archi- tecture. The interior is handsomely fitted up, and has several fine paintings by the old masters, which are well worthy of inspection. The church will seat 4,000 per- sons. It has a good organ. St. Patrick's Church, on St. Helen Street, Upper Town, is a neat and comfortable building, and is capa- ble of seating about 3,000 persons. . St. Roch's Church, on St. Joseph and Church streets, in the St. Roch's suburbs, is a large and commodious building, and will seat 4,000 persons. There are several good paintings in this church. The Church of Notre Dame des Victoires, on Notre Dame Street, is one of the oldest buildings in the city. It has no pretensions to architectural beauty, but is com- fortably fitted up, and will seat over 2,000 persons. Protestant Churches. The English Cathedral is situated between Garden Street, St. Ann Street, and the Place d'Armes, Upper Town, and is a handsome edifice, 135 by 75 feet, and will seat between 3,000 and 4,000 persons. This church, which was erected in 1804, has a good organ, and is neatly fitted up. Trinity Church, situated on St. Nicholas Street, Upper Town, is a neat cut-stone building, erected in 1824. It is 74 by 48 feet, and the interior is handsomely decorated. St. Peter's Chapel is situated on St. Vallier Street, ' * '•^. 'K.- y ^\ 'hi U.^: • ' ' V 1 m ^ ""Si I •ri -. n i ^ ■ ■ .■ 'i' ■■ : I*,:' » 1 , ■ l' 1. ^4 ;!!»■■■ ! i 1 ■ f 1 "' ,1 ■■•■!■ . ^;:. '';g*' , ^"^ >;' . .J ' ;.: ■. ■ 1 ';' ;:,;■ ■ ' , '(1 ■!■■ ' ^ 1^ k i. •l' '•'' t i' '■'; 1 ■; 1 1 ...M ; ,4 : f h. I*> 276 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. St. Roch's, and is a neat, plain structure, which will seat about 500 persons. ^ St. Paul's or The Mariner's Chapel is a small building near Diamond Harbor, designed principally for seamen. St. Andrew's Church, in connection with the Church of Scotland, is situated on St. Ann Street, Upper Town. The interior is well fitted up, and will seat 1,300 persons. St. John's Free Scotch Church is situated on Francis Street, Upper Town. It is a neat plain structure, and will seat about 600 persons. The Wesleyan Chapel, on St. Stanislaus Street, is a handsome Gothic building erected in 1850. The in- terior is well fitted up, and it has a good organ. It will seat over i,ooo persons. The Wesleyan Centenary Chapel is situated on D'Ar- tigny Street, and is a plain but substantial edifice. The Congregational Church, on Palace Street, Upper Town, is a neat building of cut-stone, erected in 1841, and will seat about 800 persons. The Baptist Church, on St. Ann St, Upper Town is a neat, stone building, and will accommodate 45 O persons. The other principal buildings worthy of notice are : — The Hotel Dieu, hospital and church, which front on Palace Street, Upper Town, and, connected with the cemetery and garden, cover an area of about ten acres. The buildings are spacious and substantial, and the hospital has beds for about sixty sick persons. The General Hospital is situated on River St. Charles, in the St. Roch's ward. The hospital,, convent, and church are a handsome quadrangular pile of stone buildingsr well adapted to the purpose for which they are designed. The Ursuline Convent, situated on Garden Street, ^v,. All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 277 Upper Town, was founded in 164 1. A number of fine paintings are here to be seen, and application for ad- mission should be made to the Lady Superior. The University of Quebec fronts on Hope Street and the market-place, Upper Town. The buildings, which :are of massive grey stone, form three sides of a quad- aangle, and have a fine garden in the rear. The Court House and the City Hall are substantial stone buildings, situated on St. Louis Street, and well adapted to their respective purposes. The Jail is situated at the corner of St. Ann and St. Stanislaus streets, Upper Town. It is a massive stone building, and cost about ;^6o,ooo. It is in a healthy location, and is well adapted to the purpose for which it was designed. The Marine Hospital, situated in St. Roch's ward, on •the River St. Charles, is intended for the use of sailors and emigrants, and is a beautiful stone building of four stories. It was erected at the cost of £\ 5,000, and will accommodate about 400 patients. The Lunatic Asylum is situated at Beauport, two and .a half miles from Quebec, and is an extensive building, ■enclosed in a park of some 200 acres. The Music Hall is a handsome cut-stone edifice, situated on St. Louis street. Upper Town. As the seat of French Power in America, until 1759, the great fortress of English Rule in British America, and the key of the St. Lawrence- --Quebec must ever possess interest of no ordinary character for well-in- formed tourists. Living is comparatively cheap, and liotel accommodation equal to Montreal in every respect. A city crowning the summit of a lofty cape, must .: •• ,;l' 1 i^fvr •-.r ■i. t -I ill. ■'■',< ,j ■ '■?■ ■ : ./ •■''■' ■■" j»; If I u- }'.' -»' Wi.'. t [V. .• ••iji i 278 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, w ^^ il ll I 1^ necessarily be difficult of access ; and when it is remem- bered how irregular is the plateau on which it stands,, having yet for thoroughfares the identical Indian paths of Stadacona, or the narrow avenues and approaches of its first settlers, in 1608, it would be vain to hope for regularity, breadth and beauty in streets, such as modern cities can glory in. It is yet in its leading fea- tures a city of the 17th century---a quaint, curious,, drowsy, but healthy location for human beings ; a cheap* place of abode. If you like a crenelated fort with loop- holes, grim-looking old guns, pyramids of shot and shell, such is the spectacle high up in the skies in the airy locality called; the Upper Town. Some hundred feet below it, appears a crowded mart of commerce, with vast beaches, where rafts of timber innumerable rest in- safety, a few feet from where a whole fleet of Great Easterns might float securely on the waters of the famed river. On the plains of Abraham stands Wolfe's Monu- ment close to the spot where the immortal British hero expired, and near to the well from which water was pro- cured to moisten his parched lips. A few minutes more bring one to Mr. Price's Villa, Wolffield, where may be seen the rugged path up the St. Denis burn, by which the Highlanders and the English soldiers gained a foot- ing above, on the 13th September, 1759: — destined to revolutionize the new world, the British being guided by a French prisoner of war, brought with them from England (Denis de Vitre, an old Quebecer,) or possibly by Major Stobo, who had, in 1758, escaped from a French prison in Quebec, and returned to his countrymen, the English,, accompanying Saunders' fleet to Quebec. The tourist next drives past Thornhill, Sir Francis M jtU- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 279 Hincks' old home, when Premier to Lord Elgin. Oppo- site, appears the leafy glades of Spencer Wood, so grateful a summer retreat that my lord used to say^ " There he not only loved to live, but would like to rest his bones." Next comes Spencer Grange, then Wood- field, the beautiful homestead of the Hon Wm. Sheppard in 1840, and of the late James Gibb for many years after. Then follows lovely Benmore — Col. Rhodes' country seat — Clermont, Bcauvoir, Kilmarnock, Catara- qui, Kelgraston, Kirk-Ella, Meadow ]iink, etc., until after a nine miles' drive. Redely ffe closes the rural landscape. Red- clyffe is on the top of the cape of Cap Rouge, where many indications yet mark the spot where Roberval's ephemeral colony wintered as far backasi54i. The visitor can now re- turn to the city by the same road, or select the St, Foy road, skirting the classic heights where General Monument Erected at St. Foye in 1863. Murray, SIX months after the first battle of the Plains, lost the second, 1 J '•"1 ■\ ■■m :-■».-, ♦ I , ■*'■ * ,. M'' i! v., il ■^'■■^ * 'it-* ■. - * .' i •*■;■ p 28(1 Ait-RoHud Route nutf Panoramic Guide. 2Hth Aj>Hl, 1 760.-. the St. I'oy Chiirrh wum then o/c- cupi«'(l by the Hritish soMiers. Next comes Holland llnnse, Montgomery's head-quarters in 1775, behind which is" Holland Tree," overshadowing;, as of yore, the graves of the Hollands. The tourist shortly after observes the iron pillar, sur- mounted by a bn»n/e statue of IU'll<»na, presented in 1 8s 5 l>y Prince NapoU'on l^>naparte, intended to com- memorate this fierce stru^i;le. In close proximity appears the bri^^ht parterres or umbrageous groves of Heiievue, Haniwood, Hijou, West- field and Sans firuit, the dark gothic arches of Findlay Asylum, and; the traveller re-enters by St. John Suburbs, with the broad basin of the St. Charles and the pretty Islanil of Orleans staring him in the face. Drive down next to see Montmorenci I'^alls, and the little room which the Duke of Kent, Queen Victoria's lather occupied in 1791. A trip to the Island of Or- leans, in the ferry, will also repay the trouble ; it costs very little ; half an hour of brisk steaming will do it. Cmss to St Joseph, Levis, per ferry steamer, and go and bcholil the most complete, the most formidable, as to plan, the most modern earthworks in the world. Drive to Lake Ikwuport, to luxuriate on its red trout, then to the Hermitage, at Charlesbourg. Step into the Chateau Bi^ot ; sit down like Vo/my, amidst the ruins of Valmyra, and meditate on the romantic though unhappy fate of dark-eyed Caroline, Bigot's Rosamond.* Ycu imagine you have seen every thing ; not so, my friend ! • Vo« will peruse Caroline's pathetic tale in that repository of Canadian lore, MafiU Lt^tst. which you will iind a trusty guide for objects without the city. At the beauti- ful ii>'-'\ ;-' "'^ )A "•. it ^i'\ 1'- ,> * .,i« r'i ■ ' 1 282 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. LAKE ST. CHARLES, thirteen miles north-west of Quebec, is one ol the most picturesque spots in Canada, and during the summer months is frequently visited on account of its Arcadian beauty. There is a remarkable echo at the Lake which tarries some few seconds before repeating the sound uttered. It is then ^-e-echoed, ** as though the nymphs of the lake were summoning the dryads of the neigh- boring woods to join in their sport." To those who are fond of angling, the lake affords an ample supply of speckled trout. THE FALLS OF MONTMORENCL jN taking' our departure from Quebec, and on our way down the river we pass this celebrated cascade. These Falls, which are situated in a beautiful nook of the river, are higher than those of Niagara, being more than two hundred and fifty feet, but they are very nar- row — being only some fifty feet wide. This place is celebrated for its winter amusements. During the frosty weather, the spray from the falls accumulates to such an extent, as to form a cone of some eighty feet high. There is also a second cone of inferior altitude called the •' Ladies' Cone," and it is this of which visitors make the most use, as being less dangerous than the higher one. They carry " toboggins " — long, thin pieces of wood about 8 or lo feet in length by i foot in width, turned up in front, — and having arrived at the summit, place themselves on these and slide down with immense velocity. Ladies and gentlemen both* enter with equal spirit into this amusement. It requires much skill to avoid being capsized, and sometimes people do All-Rouvd Route ami Panoramic Guide. 283- '; I •» >' ^('\''t , ,i 1 !■• ',, '• (. . ■V I •r$"!'|| S".'-. ' 'if .- 1 ,1' if In 'JV K- .'i'! *■. ...6 iR ",■'.,1; ^-•i t S. .*t^ III ,! :;!^).. 284 All Round Route and Panoramic Guide. iind themselves at the bottom, minus the toboggin. Visitors generally drive to this spot in sleighs, taking their provisions with them ; and upon the pure white cloth which nature has spread out for them they par- take of their dainty repast, and enjoy a most agreeable picnic. They do not feel in the least cold, as the exer- cise so thoroughly warms and invigorates the system. There are men and boys in attendance, for the purpose •of bringing down strangers who may desire to venture •down the icy mountain, and to those who can enjoy this kind of pleasure, it is great sport. The drive to the Falls is very beautiful ; the scenery on the road through BeaUport, where the Provincial Lunatic Asylum is built, and back again being full of interest. The dis- tance of these Falls from Quebec is eight miles. About two miles above the Falls is a curious formation on the river bank, called " the Natural Steps," being a series •of layers of the limestone rock, each about a foot in thickness, and for about half-a-mile receding one above the other, to the height of nearly 20 feet, as regularly a!^ if formed by the hand of man. They are a great object of wonder and curiosity, and, being so near the Palls, should certainly be included in the visit. THE LOWER ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. Having drawn toward the close of our visit to Quebec, we advise the tourist to at o nee make his arrangements for visiting that very popular resort, the Saguenay. For the past few years, thousands of Canadians and Ameri- cans have wended their way to this famous river, and the result of their experience has been to make it still more popular. None who have been there but have A ii' Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 285 resolved to repeat the trip tlic first time they could possibly do so, and to those who have not enjoyed this most lovely of all excursions we would say in the lan- guage of Shakspeare, " stand not upon the order of your going, but go at once." All information concern- ing the means of transit can be ascertained at the hotel to which we took our compagnons de voyage ; but in case they may neglect to attend to the important duty of seeking such requisite knowledge, we would say that during the season steamers run between Quebec and the Saguenay, leaving Quebec four times per week on the arrival of the steamers from Montreal. These boats belong to the St. Lawrence Steam Naviga- tion Company. They are elegantly fitted up for the comfort of passengers, and furnished with every con- venience ; indeed, there is nothing wanting to render the journey down the river most delightful. Once on board, and off, we find ourselves steaming away down stream at a good speed, and turning our eyes from the city we have just left, we see THE ISLAND OF ORLEANS, known in early days as the Isle of Bacchus, so called from the luxuriant growth of its wild grape vines. It is situated 9 miles below Quebec. It is 20 miles in length, and 6 miles in its greatest width. There are several villages scattiered over its surface. Like the island of Montreal, its soil is very fertile. THE FALLS OF ST. ANNE. Seventy miles below Quebec, the River Ste. Anne empties into the St. Lawrence. About two miles from the village are the celebrated falls of the same name. t, liflt ^. .;.:! 'jilt il ' " i '■'■vU 1: ;|i 11 ■'■\r , ^ '. 1 i.. ••X' 1^ ". H ti 11 } r^ 1 1 1' H 1 ' ti m ''' ! m:., n ■Si i' i ii?|: ii 1^ 286 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. At this point there is a solitary vale of rocks, almost a •natural grotto, through the centre of which the stream rushes until it escapes by a narrow channel, and con- tinues its course, rushing downward with ever-increasing velocity. The scene below the cataract is very grand. Five miles below St. Anne's River we pass Grosse Isle, a spot which ever recalls sadness. Thousands who left their homes on the far-off shores of Great Britain, with hearts full of the prospect of prosperity in the new world of America, have here found their last resting- place. In one single grave the bodies of about 6,000 Irish Emigrants lie interred. Apart from these sad recollections, the ** Quarantine " Island is a fair spot, and its scenery is very beautiful. At this point the river widens, and ere long has reached such a width as to render its shores almost invisible from the deck '^^ our gallant vessel. Passing onward, until Quebec lies 90 miles astern, we reach our first landing place, MURRAY BAY, or the favorite watering-place of the Lower St. Lawrence. The village is picturesquely situated amid frowning hills and wild scenery. It is a great resort in the summer months, and many Canadian families spend the entire season in this healthy retreat. Every one must enjoy a few days passed at this fashionable water- ing place. The ** Lome House " is a comfortable hotel, well furnished and managed — in connection with it are a number of cottages which are rented to summer visitors. Leaving it and steaming across the river, which is about 20 miles wide at this point, we strike Riviere du Loup, situated on the south shore. Here ;1''»K ^ All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 287 those desirous of visiting the far-famed watering place of Cacouna can, after an exceedingly pleasant drive of about 8 miles through the country, find themselves in a fashionable place, containing some very good build- ings. Leaving the wharf at Riviere du Loup, our steamer points her course again to the opposite shore, and in less than two hours we find ourselves at Tadousac, which is CACOUNA RAY. at the mouth of the River Saguenay. This is a very pleasant spot, and if no more time can be spared than the brief stay of the steamboat at the wharf, let us ad- vise the tourist to go ashore immmediately. There is a fine hotel here, and in connection with it all kinds of sports for the amusement of visitors. The bathing of this place is also very superior. A large number of villas have been erected, including one built by His Excellency ■■••;. ft'' r.,|.;! I :%'. 'l f , •■> ,\' I-'.. ■ ''!■ >( 'A :'■■■ ' ■ H .;■.,' ( 1 , ,.- I . y; ^1:1. :[] 288 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. ai Ev ' , fl? 4 ,4 I ' ■ 1 i§'. ■ '«' Earl Dufferin. Apart from its pleasures, Tadousac is interesting from its having been from an early period the capital of the French settlements, and one of their chief fur-trading posts. Here are the ruins of a Jesuit establishment, and on this spot once stood the first stone and raortar building ever erected in America, the home of Father Marquette, the explorer of the River Missis- TADOUSAC. sippi. A cluster of pine trees over 200 years old has grown from the centre of these historical ruins. Getting aboard again, the whistle is sounded, and we are under steam, and now really enter the justly re- nowned River Saguenay, and commence, as if by instinct, to strain our eyes, that we may catch a glimpse of all the magnificent natural grandeur that now bursts upon us. - All-Roiuid Route and Panoramic Guide. 289 THE SAGUENAY RIVER. iHE Saguenay is the largest tributary of the great St. Lawrence, and unquestionably one of the most remarkable rivers of the continent. It is the prin- cipal outlet of Lake St. John, which is its head water, a lake about forty miles long, surrounded by a heavily timber ed and level country ; its waters are remarkably clear, and abound in a great variety of fine fish. Eleven large rivers fall into it, yet it has only this one outlet. Into the lake there is a remarkable curtain fall of two hundred and thirty-six feet, so conspicuous as to be seen at forty or fifty miles distant, the Indian name for which is ** Oueat Chouan," or " Do you see a fall there ? " The Lake lies about 150 miles north-east of the St. Law- rence, and nearly due north of Quebec. The original name of the Saguenay was Chicoutimi, signifying " Deep water; " but the early Jesuit missionaries gave it the name it now bears, said to be a corruption of St. Jean Nez. The scenery is wild and romantic in the highest degree. The first half of its course averages half a mile in width, and runs through an almost untrodden wilder- ness ; it abounds in falls and rapids, and is only navigable for the Indian canoe. A few miles below the southern fall in the river, is the village of Chicoutimi, at the junction of a river of the same name, which is the outlet of a long lake, named Kenokami, with the Saguenay. Here is a range of rapids which extends ten miles. The Indians say there is a subterranean fall above the foot of the rapids, which they call ** Manitou," or the "Great Spirit." To avoid these falls there is a carrying place called " La Grande Portage." An extensive lumber business is transacted here ; the village has an ancient appearance, It •'•.•I ♦,' • • ••. ;' 1 :: * . i 1 '^ F. Ill m :y^ \\. »'i SI ■.I 11 .111 f-SN 290 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. and contains about five hundred inhabitants. The only curiosity is a rude Catholic Church, said to have been one of the earliest founded by the Jesuits. It occupies the centre of a grassy lawn surrounded by shrubbery, backed by a cluster of wood-crowned hills, and commands a fine prospect, not only of the Saguenay, but also of the spacious bay formed by the confluence of the two rivers. In the belfry of this venerable church hangs a clear-toned bell, with an inscription upon it, which has never yet been translated or expounded. From ten to twelve miles south of Chicoutimi, a beautiful expanse of water, called Grand or Ha ! Ha ! Bay recedes from the Saguenay, to the distance of several miles. The village of Grand Bay, 132 miles from Quebec, is the usual resort for those who wish to remain any time in the neighborhood of the Saguenay. The name Ha ! Ha ! is said to be derived from the surprise which the French experienced when they first entered it, suppos- ing it to be still the river, until their shallop grounded on the north-western shore. At the northern head of it is another settlement called Bagotville. Between these two places, the Saguenay is somewhat shallow (when compared with the remainder of its course) and varies in width from two and a half to three miles. The tide is observable as far north as Chicoutimi, and this entire section of the river is navigable for ships of the largest class, which ascend thus far for lumber. That portion of the Saguenay extending from Ha ! Ha ! Bay to the St. Lawrence, a distance of nearly sixty miles, is chiefly distinguished, and properly so, for its wonderful scenery. The shores are composed princi- pally of granite, and every bend presents to view an -If u.<" : A II- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 291 imposing bluff. Many of these tower perpendicularly into the air, and seem ready to totter and fall at any moment. It appears awful, in steaming up the Saguenay, to raise the eyes heavenward, and behold hanging directly overhead a mass of granite weighing, perhaps, nearly a million tons. Here, as at Niagara, we feel the insignificance of man as we gaze upon the Almighty's handiwork. TRINITY ROCK. --RIVER SAGUENAY. Descending from Ha ! Ha ! Bay, a perpendicular rock nine hundred feet high is the abrupt termination of a lofty plateau called ** The Tableau," a column of dark- colored granite 600 feet high by 300 wide, with, its sides as smooth as if they had received the polishing stroke from a sculptor's chisel. Statue Point is also another gem of scenery; but the great attractions in % «• i '•;■.' \ x>.' "1 '!■ -f,' ... S j. or.' ,, W ■ ■■■-. !■ .. • ■ \\\ '■ 1 ''-.■,#•; ■■f ■' * '• f". ' ■»' ■ ,* ,* ' ! '■*■■ '/i "' f' ' ■ >t .* . r ■*'••: IIP' ■• • 111 \H[ I .*-»*■ i i %. t i ' >< A ■■- ^ * ii %. *. * 292 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. the Saguenay are Cape Eternity, and Trinity Rock, on the south shore, six miles above St. John's Bay. If the only recompense for the visit to the Saguenay was a sight of these stupendous promontories, we are quite sure no visitor would ever regret it. There is an awful grandeur and sublimity about them, which is perfectly indescribable. The steamers shut off steam at these CAl'E ICTKRNITY — RIVER SAIU'ENAY. points, and the best view possible is arranged for the passengers by the Captain. The echo produced by blowing the steam whistle is very fine indeed. The water is said to be .is deep five feet from the ba.:cci these rocks as it is in the centre ot the stream, and, from actual measurement, many portions of it have been ascertained to be a thousand feet, and the shallowest parts not less quite awful rfectly these All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 293 than a hundred ; and from the overhanging cliffs it assumes a black and ink-like appearance. Cape Eternity is by far the most imposing. It is here that an Indian SB 54 ■r. H > O 2! hunter, having followed a moose to the brow of the cliff> after the deer had made a fatal spring far down into the deep water, is said to have lost his foothold and perished with his prey. We also learn from Le Moine's ** Oiseaux •vl. ^f-V ^'1 ■ ' i ! i' ■.i ■,)• I * • - ■ 't" I' ■•■■• if i ! ; ■1 '.'1 tr,,.'.':^|-,| ' ''-I'll' I Mi In m' ill ith- 294 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, du Canada," that two or three years ago two fine speci- mens of the bird of Washington, that rare eagle, were shot here, and, indeed, continually the flight of the bald- headed eagles along the summits of these beetling cliffs — the salmon leaping after its insect prey — or the seals bobbing their heads out of the water, attracts the sport- sman's eye. Nothing can surpass the magnificent salmon fishing of the Marguerite and other streams, tributaries to the Saguenay. Before taking our departure from what must certainly be classed as one of the most picturesque spots in North America, we would pause to ask the tourist whether his expectations have not been fully realized in every respect, and even far exceeded. We feel satisfied an affirmative answer is the only one that can be given to- such a question, for there can be no two opinions as to- the magnificence of the scenery brought before the vision on a trip up the River Saguenay to Ha ! Ha ! Bay. Long descriptions of such scenery can convey but little to the reader, and must be at the best very in- adequate. The trip must be taken before the grandeur of the Saguenay is to any extent understood and appre- ciated. Leaving Tadousac on the return journey, the steamer again makes its way across the St. Lawrence to Riviere du Loup for the convenience of Cacouna passengers. Those desirous, by so arranging it, can here go ashore,, and take the train, by the Intercolonial Railway, to- Quebec. Having sailed down the river, this will prove an interesting change, and bring them into Quebec All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 295 much earlier. Those remaining on the boat, will, if a fine day, enjoy the sail, calling at Murray Bay, as on the downward trip, and afterwards making straight for Quebec. Those tourists taking the train at Riviere du Loup can make connection at Point Levis, which is op- posite Queb^, with trains for the White Mountains, on the Grand Trunk Railway, the next place at which we purpose stopping with them. Those who stiil ketp to the boat, on arrival at Quebec, will probably prefer lying over a day, for rest, before proceeding on their journey. From Point Levis there is not much to be seen, and we, therefore, advise our travellers, as soon as possible after getting on the train, to get a sleeping berth, have a good night's rest, and be in good trim on reaching the White Mountains. At Richmond Station, which is the junction with the main line of the Grand Trunk Rail- way, our tourist can have a comfortable meal. Twenty-five miles from Richmond is the flourishing manufacturing town of Sherbrooke. Here tourists going via the Passumpsic River R. R. will change cars. Sherbrooke is an incorporated town, the capital of the County of Sherbrooke, on both sides of the River Magog, and on the Grand Trunk and Passumpsic rail- ways, loi miles east of Montreal. It contains the head office of the Eastern Townships Bank, the chief office in Canada of the British American Land Company, several insurance agencies, churches of five or six denominations, an academy, many stores, and manufactories of woollen and cotton cloths, flannels, iron castings, machinery, axes, pails, etc. ; also saw } \ ' " i ■ < f>' I ! I «iV ill ^fu ^I'W v^4 nV ■■i r, I i ' ' ' i t V " i a ill 1 ir y i ■ 296 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. mills, breweries, etc. Population about lO.ooD. Tour- ists taking the Passumpsic River Railway will, at New- port, connect with the South Kastern Railway for Montreal. I> h : r 1^ Continuing our tour via Granl Trunk we will, in about seven hours, find ourselves, after a very pretty ride through a mountainous country, at Gorham, and on landing will find coaches in readiness to take us to All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 2y7 the Glen House, eight miles distant. There are numerous drives around Gorham, which are all exceedingly pretty. It is a point from which the beauty of the range of Mount Moriah, Carter, and the Imp may be viewed to the best advantage. The first desire of the tourist when he arrives at Gor- ham is to learn how to reach most readily the celebrated Mount Washington. Taking his seat in the coach he soon reaches the GLEN HOUSE, which occupies a picturesque location in the valley of the Peabody River, at the base of Mount Washington. Its position in this vast arch of nature is at once striking and interesting to the tired traveller, who, drawing nearer the spot, finds the atmosphere of hospitality sur- rounding the house, life and bustle at its entrance, a noticeable contrast to its isolation, and a pleasant wel- come after a long day's journey. The management is still in the hands of Messrs. W. & C. R. Milliken, also proprietors of the Alpine House, another favorite place of resort in the midst of superb scenery ; and it is scarce- ly necessary to add that these houses are as well kept as any in the mountains, and, everything is done to ensure the comfort and enjoyment of guests. A piazza extends the entire length of the house, and commands extensive views of Mount Washington, Jefferson, Adams, Madison, the head of Tuckerman's Ravine, and the Carter Range, all of which may be con- sidered unrivalled among the many sublime aspects of the far-famed New Hampshire Hills. The grandeur of f , ,!■' < |, I i ';.-. .. , .;] I I !•' M hr' N I , ,,, 1" ; 1 ? ^ r. V r' 1 , : I', i- ■^' -I' 298 All' Round Route and Panoramic Guide. this spectacle is a constant and unfailing source of delight to all lovers of mountain scenery. Stages connect here with the Grand Trunk Rail- way at Gorharn, 8 miles; Portland and Ogdensburg Railway at Glen Station, N. H., 15 miles; Eastern Railway at N. Conway, 20 miles ; and Mount Wash- ington Railway, at summit of Mount Washington, 8 miles. ASCENT OF MOUNT WASHINGTON. The carriage road, a triumph of engineering skill, was opened in 1861. The carriage grade is 12 feet in 100. So beautifully constructed is the road that no more dis- comfort is experienced than in the same amount of riding upon any other road. During the first four miles the road winds among the forest trees until we reach '* the Ledge," where the road emerges from the forest and the beauties of the ascent begin. From this point the road winds along the verge of a deep ravine, be- tween Mounts Washington, Clay and Jefierson. Passing onward we have a most charming view of the Saco Valley. The path now rises on a series of plateaux, and ascending the last part of the steep cone we stand upon the summit. What a magnificent prospect ! A horizon of nearly 600 miles bounds the prospect, and the moun- tain peaks stand on every side as sentinels. Formerly there were two hotels on the summit. These have been united under one management, and are now known as Mount Washington Hotel. To enjoy the mountain scenery it is advisable to remain over night, and, if it be clear, the gratification will be complete. The sunset is magnificent beyond description. As the sun sinks in A II' Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 29^ the west, the shadows of the mountain enlarge, and ex- tend far and wide. The great pyramidal shadow of the Summit travels along the eastern landscape, gradually darkening green fields, pleasant lakes, winding rivers, and the snug ham- lets that line their shores, till, reaching the horizon, the apex actually seems to lift itself into the haze. The line of ocean is now distinctly visible. The western mountains are glowing with golden light. The sun goes down in a blaze of glory. Then, as the shadows deepen, the mists begin to collect on the surface of every lake, and pond, and brook, till it seems as though each little sheet of water was blankei d and tucked in beneath its own coverlet of cloud, to spend the night in undisturbed re- pose. Soon the Great Gulf — the deep ravines on either side — is filled with vapor, which, accumulating every moment, comes rushing up the slopes of the mountain till all the hollows are full to the brim. Then the surrounding summits peer out, lifting their heads above the dense masses. It seems as though one could walk across to Clay, Jefferson, Adams and Madison upon this broad plattorm of mist. Should this phenomenon occur before sunset, as sometimes it does, the effect is in- describably beautiful and grand, as if bridges of burnished gold had been thrown across the deep chasms from mountain top to mountain top. Through the long twilight these magical and shifting scenes con- tinue till the hour of retiring comes. At early dawn the traveller is aroused to witness the reverse of the picture which he saw on the previous evening. The sun comes up from the sea, the great pyramid of shadow begin- ,» , !" ..■,•'1 t , I i.n :;.*!fj '•r. 4k » >r U-. t| 300 All- Round Rome and Panoramic Guide, I' i: ning in the west gradually contracts, the little cloud blankets rise from the lakes and float away into the upper air, and the sun, " as a bridegroom coming out of his chamber," clothed in light, " rejoiceth as a strong man to run a race." There are many other pleasant trips to be made from the Glen House, one being a ride to the Imp, passing EMERALD POOL. the Garnet Pools, where the rocks for some distance are curiously worn and polished by the action of the water. Next are the Thompson Falls, a series of delightful cascades and water slides. We then reach the Emerald -'■■S'' All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 301 Pool, a beautiful spot, the theme of many a poet's song, and a subject for the artist's pencil. After tossing and tumbling among rocks here, the pool flows into a quiet basin, where resting itself for a short time, it again emerges to recommence its toilsome journey. Four miles from the hotel is situated the GLEN ELlJS FALLS, a narrow cataract which falls from a great height into a GLEN ELLIS FALLS. shallow basin below. This fall is very beautiful, an J amply repays the time occupied in reaching it. We next visit the :. '• ■' ill , ■■•;.! \ ■ AW !t !• m^ X ' .yiilHf Hi *»■ -'. ' i\\ ■':,::h. ii H lit 302 All'Round Route and Panoramic Guide. Ill- • I" I If " 1 -'-JS If :.; i-r': i. •' I : i 1'" lii^ CRYSTAL CASCADE, about one mile from the Glen Ellis Falls. Its descent is about eighty feet. At Glen Ellis the whole stream pitches in one tide, but here the water is spread to the utmost, and the appearance of the cascade has been CRYSTAL CASCADE. compared to an " inverted liquid plume," a very happy simile. tuckerman's ravine is a tremendous gulf on the south side of Mount Wash- ington. It has been called the Mountain Coliseum, nd Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 303 it is hard to realize the grandeur of the scenery here presented. We now leave the Glen and continue our journey to the Crawford House. The stages run twice a day to > o •K "1 r-. SB O n. > >: connect with the trains of the Portland and Ogdens- burg R. R. at Glen Station. On leaving the Glen House the road lies towards the south. Passing onward we enter '■ !!••«! • III ■■■»■ i. *^^!lj It m \H 304 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. mM 't *: PINKHAM NOTCH, passing through which we speedily reach Jackson. A mile beyond this are the Goodish Falls, the largest per- pendicular fall to be seen among the mountains. Soon after leaving the falls we reach Glen Station, where we take the cars. ^As we proceed up the Saco Valley we have before us to the left the three peaks of " Tremont," and directly behind we see the noble form of old Kear- sage. At last CRAWFORD NOTCH bursts upon our view, and . looking up the gorge we have Mount Webster on our right, Willey on the left, with Mount Willard forming the centre of the picture. No traveler through the mountains should miss the view from Mount Willard. The summit is reached from the Crawford House by the carriage road, a dis- tance of a mile and a half The view is one of the most surprising in the mountains. The valley and the Saco River are nearly twenty-five hundred feet below. The view is grand in the extreme, and here at one glance can be seen a greater part of the White Mountain Notch. The best time to see it is two or three hours before sun- set, when the lengthening shadows are creeping down the western side of the Notch, and begin to extend up the sloping sides of Mount Webster. This view is in some respects more beautiful and startling than any seen from Mount Washington. Descending into the Notch, a short distance brings us to a point where stands the Willey House, at an eleva- tion of two thoui>and feet, made famous by the slide of AH-Rottnd Route and Panoramic Guide. 305 August 28th, 1826, when the face of Mount Willey slid into the Notch below, and in which the entire Willey family perished. No one can visit the old house, the rock in its rear which parted the slide, and the spot where the remains of some of the victims were found, without sharing the feelings of those who went in search of them. The road now winds up a narrow ravine for about three miles, and as this is generally traversed towards evening, the scene is one of gloomy grandeur. With dark rocky walls, 2,000 feet high on either hand, we feel our own nothingness, and a feeling of relief is ex- perienced when we emerge from the defile, and see but a short distance before us the Crawford House a large new edifice, very commodious and agreeable. No more pleasing landscape can be found than that which is seen from the hotel piazza. A wide lawn and the acid little lake, the source of the Saco, comes under the eye. Beyond is the Notch, with Mount Webster on the left and Mount Willard on the right. .» more quiet and restful view is not had in any place. Here the cares of life are forgotten and the old grow young in spirit. The air is invigorating and stimulates the body and mind to greater activity. The hotel is lighted with gas throughout. Our space will not permit of an extend- ed notice of all the points of interest encircling this spot. A visit to Mount Willard will certainly be made. The ascent is very easy and pleasant, while the view from the summit aflfords more pleasure than far more lofty peaks. Near the summit is a remarkable cavern, worthy of a visit. In the Notch are many points of interest. The 20 b:\ \r .#'^-lil. 4K ii { [>' i ' ' 306 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. Flume, three-quarters of a mile from the hotel, derives its name from the narrow and deep ravine through which the waters of a mountain stream rush with great rapid- ity. Silver Cascade, a short walk below the entrance of the Notch and Ripley Falls, six miles below the Crawford House, are well worth seeing, especially in times of high water. The great feat, however, will be the ascent of Mount Washington, distant about nine miles from the hotel. There are special at- tractions in the old bridle path, which to many surpass those of stage or railway travel, therefore it is not to be wondered at that so many ascend by this route. We first scale Mount Clinton, 4,200 feet, from the summit of which a noble view is obtained. We now descend to the ridge which joins Clinton to Mount Pleasant, and taking the path around the southern side of the moun- tain, we come to a plain lying at the foot of Mount Franklin, which we ascend, and the view is extremely grand. Passing Mount Monroe, several hundred feet below the summit, and winding round it, we gain our first view of Mount Washington, which we ascend by the south-western side. The view from the summit we have already described. From our lofty position we shall descend by the Mount Washington Railway. This road was commenced in 1866, and the success which has attended the enterprise has been very|marked. Few people now visit the mountains without making the journey one way at least by rail. The descent to the terminus is 2,625 ^^^^y ^^^ terminus being 2,668 feet above the water. The greatest grade is 1,980 feet to the mile. The road is most substantially built, and. All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 307 besides the usual rails, there is a centre rail, of peculiar construction, to receive the motive power. This con- sists of two bars of iron with cross pieces every four inches, and a centre cog-wheel in the locomotive plays into this rail. :--;'.l'] o Z H > X 2 o H O z > r > The locomotive, as it first comes out of the house, has the appearance of being ready to fall over. As soon as it commences the ascent it stands upright, the slant being given to it to secure more uniform action. The driving wheel is geared into a smaller wheel, which con- ?»;■<' II- * .1 til 308 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. *, I ''«^ ill- V ' i iit' !.;. ' nects directly with the crank. Four revolutions of the engine are required to make one of the driving ^vheels^ thus sacrificing speed to power. The engine is not con- nected to the car, but simply pushes the car up the track. On the return it allows the car to follow it down.' at a slow rate of speed. To protect the train from accident, a wrought-iron dog constantly plays into notches on the driving wheel so that if any part of the machinery gives way, the train is arrested where it is. There are also the usual friction brakes, and in addition, atmospheric brakes on each side of the car. These last alone are sufficient to stop the car and hold it in any position. The cars are comfortable and easy, and the trip is made without danger or fatigue. The cars are provided with seats placed at an angle, which brings theni nearly on a level on the ascent. They all face down the moun- tains. There is, however, an aisle in the car, and platforms at each end, so that views may be had from all direc- tions. Having reached the lower terminus of the railroad we proceed by rail to the Fabyan House, or Crawford House, at either of which points we may, if desirable,, take the Portland and Ogdensburg Railway to North Conway, and Portland, or Boston. Visitors at the moun- tains, in whose itinerary the " Portland and Ogdensburg*^ may not have been included, will find trains convenient- ly arranged for excursions from the Crawford or Fabyan Houses, through the celebrated White Moun- tain Notch, to North Conway and back, or to the cool and bracing airs and numerous attractions of Port- A^l'Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 309 land and the sea shore resorts in its vicinity. In another place we fully descrbe this pleasant route. We now propose starting on a tour from the terminus of the Mount Washington Railway, the Franconia Range. Passing the Fabyan House, a fine new hotel, we speedily reach the lower Ammonoosuc Falls, a singularly beau- tiful and attractive cascade. Having rested, we make our arrangements for our mountain trips, and shortly after leaving the hotel, we cross the Ammonoosuc Bridge and -enter the village of Bethlehem, a place of considerable attraction for persons spending a few weeks in this region. Pursuing our onward course we ascend a high hill, from the summit of which we have the whole of the Franco- nia Ridge before us, while to the right is the Notch, ^ith its dark opening. Descending the hill and coursing the valley, we begin the ascent of the Notch, and thread- ing our way along its ravines, we reach the TWIN MOUNTAIN HOUSE, which stands on a plateau which overlooks the Am- monoosuc River, within five miles of the Fabyan House, and is surrounded by some of the finest scenery in the mountain region. The view from the piazzas and the observatory is unsurpassed for beauty and grandeur. The great mountain summits are seen on either hand. On the south are Lafayette, Haystack and the Twins. On the east is the entire White Motmtain range from Mount Washington to Mount Webster, the latter form- ing one side of the celebrated White Mountain Notch. This is the centre of a great basin, and more mountain summits can be seen from this hotel than any other in the mountains. The great wall of living green which ■ ,.N \ f'f' * 1 'V •^•^l •"l M', : J I" ' I , 3 ! i I ! 1 '■■^ I -..n- ill: li m u i! [«if f'' j i' ' )^f^ ' ;t ij ' ' , - I % ■','?!» il ' 310 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. rises across the Ammonoosuc and in front of the house is a pleasing object for the eye to rest upon, while the ever-flowing river which winds below, over rapids and through beautiful meadows, makes sweet music to the ear. Profile House. This favorite summer resort, situated nineteen hundred and seventy-two feet above tide-water, has long been known and appreciated by thousands of summer visi- tors. Its location is well described by the Rev. Dr. Prime : " A plain of a few cleared acres in extent, in a gorge that admits the passage of a narrow carriage-way, mountains twd thousand feet high rising almost per- pendicularly on each side, with two lovely lakes lying under the hills and skirted with forests, has been chosen as a summer resort and the site of a magnificent hotel, in which five hundred guests find refreshment and a cool retreat from the torrid heat that blights the world below. It is never hot at the Profile House." The ample grounds, commanding wide and beautiful views, are crowded during the pleasure season with a happy com- pany, gathered from all parts of the land, who find here that cleanliness and attention, with that ample and sub- stantial profusion of viands v/hich mountain air and exercise make, more than elsewhere, a necessity. The parlor and dining hall are spacious and elegant (about 130 by 50 feet area), and the whole building is lighted with gas. The telegraph runs to this point,, and the man of business may receive his mails with regularity, and send his commands along the wires,, while he gathers strength in the mountain air, and mar- vels among the mysteries of the hills. Many improve- mV. A II' Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 3X1 ments are yearly made. The furnishing is elegant and complete, and the location superior. HOW TO REACH THE PROFILE HOUSE. o a o M All railjand through in the day from Boston, New- port, New York, Saratoga, Lake George, Montrea', Que- bec, Portland, etc., via Profile and Franconia Notch \ 1 f ,'■ \V ■;\Vi'' i' 1, J I! ■ •' iM m\ tli • i.''! ' ;' * ■ 1 ,*v iiii \U'\: 320 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. «.< Eastern States, with wide streets and avenues nicely kept, well meriting its title, " The Forest City." Portland is handsomely situated on a peninsula occupying the ridge^and side of a high point of land, m the south-west extremity of Casco Bay, and on approaching it from the ocean, is seen to great advantage. The harbor is one of the best on the Atlantic coast, the anchorage being protected on every side by land, while the water is deep, and communication with the ocean direct and convenient. It is defended by Forts Preble,, Scammell, and Gorges, and dotted over with lovely islands. These islands afford most delightful excursions and are amoiig the greatest attractions of the vicinity^ On the most elevated point of the peninsula is an observatory, 70 feet in height, commanding a fine view of the city, harbor, and islands in the bay. The misty forms of the White Mountains, 60 miles distant, are discernible in clear weather. The original name of Portland was Muchigonee. It was first settled by the whites as an English colony in 1632, just two centuries before the charter of the present city was granted. On the night of the 4th of July, 1866, a fire occurred which swept away nearly one-half of the whole business portion of the city. The entire district destroyed by the fire has been since rebuilt, most of the stores and dwelling-houses having Mansard roof, which give a most picturesque and charming appearance to the city. Portland is elegantly built, and the streets beautifully shaded and embellished with trees, and so profusely that, before the fire, they were said to number no less than 3,000. Congress Street, previous to the fire, the BM MAJLiWAH:. -h^ ^ '*ftjs^ 'O -BETWEEN :ient and picturesque country on the North Shore >„ kic River St. Lawrence. Vta^^^ ' letivreeit Qjiebec and Montreal. SLEEPING CARS ON NIGHT TRAINS. FIRST CLASS REFRESHMENT ROOMS On this route, where ample time will be allowed for meals, SAOaAC^a OnOSSD TS&0T7aS TO ALL FOZXTTS. CONITECTIONS.— With Intercolonial Railway for Halifax, St. John and all points in the Maritime Provinces. — With St.,Law- rence Steam Navigation Co. for Lower St. Lawrence & Saguenay Rivers. — With Quebec Central for Sherbrooke. — With Daily Line of Stages for St Leon Springs. — With Delaware & Hudson Canal* Co. to Saratoga, Albany and New York. — With Capadian Pacific Railway to Ottawa and all points on the Upper Ottawa, and with South Eastern Railway to New York, Newport, Boston and other New England cities. W knd lER ery peal k at lebec ILL INFORMATION APPLY AT [nd 202 St. James Street Montreal, ionls Hotels Quebec. J. B. LABELLE, ' General Passenger Agent. A vi' " I : ..■■111 v^-. ('■■■J' y'< 1 .1^^. WH I li II PMii *? -•..£■( U ", ^It. vary ^^ iMTorSc. lull W *%^%U " ■» ' III""' II X \\ /yti»»uii*^o» ^ .**• V-* V*U»MIUA ■ ^a ^W/WII I ..^^ ,- ■ = ' *'«*'■. ■■ V'/'.,. ■ ift '■•' «■ r w ' ' V ■ ^ &'.. '■■■ ■U'l ■ (', ,•,*' ,i,' f'a 322 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, of summer resorts in the country, and parties stopping in Portland should remember that the United States Hotel is next to the largest, and second to no hotel in the city. This hotel, has the most central and conve- nient situation of any in the place, fronting, as it does, i n H O K u < CA Q M Z on Federal, Elm and Congress streets, the principal streets in the city. The building is large and striking in appearance, and will afford accomodation to hundreds of guests. All the bedrooms are neat, airy, commodious, ■.•,v ■V. 'Vi, All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 323 and newly furnished with furniture of the best material and latest pattern, and all the modern conveniences and improvements, as bath rooms, electric bell communication etc., are supplied. Under the management of Mr. Will. H. McDonald, the present proprietor, who is so favorably known to the public during a highly successful career spent in catering for them, the house has attained a degree of success, unprecedented in its history, and has acquired a metropolitan fame with travellers. For a first-class cuisine, courtesy, and attention we can heartily recommend the " United States," and are convinced that one days* sojourning with Mr. McDonald will have the effect of ever afterwards attracting to the Hotel those who will for the first time have enjoyed the careful super- vision of Mr. McDonald. - ; ; i < ! i! '^ u THE PORTLAND STEAM PACKET CO. is an old and favorite line between Boston and Portland, organized in 1847, and has maintained its trips with per- fect regularity. Leaving each port at 7 o'clock in the evening (except Sundays), passengers are afforded a delightful view of the splendid harbors and approaches, and obtain views of the cities which cannot otherwise be enjoyed, and the scenery of the entire trip is among the finest on the eastern coast. The passenger accom- modations on these steamers are first-class in every respect, — very large, roomy and comfortable, remarkable for regularity, officered by skillful and capable men, long in the business, who are always found gentlemanly and courteous, " a very important feature," and as a line can present a record surpassed by none, from the fact that during the Company's existence several millions of 1 if '''- .■>ji mh' 1 .'•* W'-^'"' 1 pp'^'-' ' • 1, '' Wm' '* ' W' •' ' J%■ • A !' ■ n '■/t ■■: % ', »; •' '* >;"'• ■■>; • ','1^' * 'h '■ ■' . • ■ gy , '/ '!^' (; ■ , ' . ^ V. A ■.,'-' .■*, I a ; ■ '■ '^i\ .1 : 'j -j ;■*)..; ' '. i :i1' ', .:'? f" ;■■;,*. ■*-;■: ■'.'. tf"-;; ,1 f| ^■■■■■. ■ ,,\i^ > '.J-. <' ■! r •■■' "l ; i'\ r U.V |.' , i-:^ '^ ■'_}• ,■ V, ■*. fc-v ••'r charming places of resort accessible, both by land and water. The ocean view is extensive and very fine. The The " Isle of Shoals " is a group of picturesque isles : with their quaint houses and numerous fleet of boats, they are points of great attraction during the summer season, and are seven miles distant from Portsmouth, with steamers plying daily. The principal Hotel in Portsmouth is the " Rockingham House," Mr. Frank W. Hilton, proprietor. It is built on the site of the former residence of Governor Langdon, and is a great favorite with the travelling public. Diverging from our direct route to Boston, we take the train of the Concord and Portsmouth Road, and a ride of fifty-nine miles brings us to the capital of the State of New Hampshire. CONCORD, which contains many buildings of interest, built of the celebrated Concord granite. One of the principal beau- ties of Concord, which is situated on the west bank of the Merrimac River, is the abundance of trees shading its regularly laid out streets. It is a city of extensive trade, celebrated for its carri.ige manufactories and the superior quality and extent of its granite quarries. Returning to Portsmouth we proceed on our journey, and in due time arrive at Boston. PORTLAND TO BOSTON, BY SEA. jEpurpose giving a brief notice of the many points of interest along the coast between Portland ^P?? and Boston, travelling via Portland Steam- packet Co. The first important place is ■ r All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 333 CUSHING'S ISLAND, three miles from the city, and containing about 3CX) acres. It commands a magnificent ocean view, with fine beaches for bathing. Ten miles from Portland is OLD ORCHARD BEACH. The beach is 9 miles long, Lard and smooth. " More carriages can drive abreast on this noble beach, than could have been accommodated on the wide walls of Babylon." It is much visited, and is annually increasing in attractiveness ; we can recommend the Montreal House here, as being quiet and comfortable, and Mrs. Blanchard, the proprietess as a very attentive hostess. Three miles further and we reach SACO, ninety-five miles from Boston. It is a pleasant summer resort with a fine beach, and affording excellent bathing and fishing. Saco Pool, about five miles distant, is a nature- wrought basin in the rock, connected with the sea by a narrow passage about a quarter of a mile in length. It is emptied and filled by each changing tide. Another 10 miles brings us to KENNEBUNK, principally noted for its ship building, carried on at the mouth of the Kennebunk River. WELLS, with its six miles of beautiful beach and its great induce- ments to sportsmen, lies five miles beyond. This town is rapidly increasing in population and trade. ,V-i 334 All- Round Route and Panoran-rc Guide, ,1, h ■ , 1 ■ V'' • ■ ■ 1* ' «■ . ' ''^. : *?' • ' V',';*, . ^•^•' : -'• - * * , Next is BALL HEAD CLIFF, rising abruptly from the sea to a height of about one hundred feet. The highest point of the cliflf is called the « Pulpit" YORK BEACH, about 14 miles from Wells, is one of the finest beaches on the coast. At low tide it is over 500 feet in width. " The drive along it is pleasant, the horses' hoofs striking on the hard sand, making a fine accompaniment to the dashing of the waves, which, in fine weather, come in with a soft lulling sound, and in storms, with a noise like mighty thunder." We now approach a low-lying group of islands, known as the ISLE OF SHOALS, which derive their name from the " shoaling of fish in their vicinity in the proper season." These islands are very bleak and desolate in appearance, being composed of huge masses of granite bleached by exposure to the sun, and worn by the action of the waves. They were visited in 16 14, by the celebrated Capt. John Smith, of " Pocahontas fame." The shoals at low water consist of 6 islands, increased to 1 8 when at high water. Appledore, formerly known as Hog Island, is the largest. It is 75 feet high at its greatest elevation, and contains about 400 acres. On this a hotel has been erected. These islands form a nice summer resort, and one usually well patron- ized. Proceeding on our trip, we pass Fust's Point, and also Portsmouth. ^ , After Portsmouth we pass Shaw's Point, so named after ,r .1 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 335 Hon. E. Shaw, of Manchester, N. H., thence onward to RYE HEACH, a very popular resort, at which are some of the finest hotels at any of the New Hampshire beaches. The views in this neighborhood are extensive and very fine. Little Boar's Head, a promontory, 40 feet high and projecting into the ocean, separates Rye Beach from HAMPTON BEACH, a fine hard beach, nearly 3 miles in extent, affording ex- cellent drives, in which, at low tide, 18 or 20 teams may drive side by side. Here are also the best facilities for bathing and promenades. The drives in the vicinity are unsurpassed, and boating parties are the order of each day. The town of Hampton was first settled in 1638 by English emigrants. This town has been remarkable for its general health, and the long life of its inhabitants. Next in order is SALISBURY, MASS., which is on the Merrimac River. At this point, visitors are directed to the birthplace of the mother of Daniel Webster, also the ancient house where Caleb Gushing was born. Salisbury Beach is 6 miles long, but not so firm as Rye and Hampton Beaches. SEABROOK,^N. H., ^^ is noted as a point where whale-boat building was largely carried on, and is still an important place of industry. ;,. NEWBURYPORT, MASS., is located on the Merrimac River, and is considered one of the most beautiful cities in New England. It possesses ill k:J , «: • \ 336 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, many singular attractions. One point of special interest is the old church, the scene of Whitefield's labors, his tomb, his monument, and other relics. Oak Hill Cemetery is also worthy of a visit The population is about 14,000, or 15,000. Beverly, Mass., is a town of some 7,000 inhabitants. It is 18 miles from Boston, and is connected by a bridge with SALEM, a town which, for historic interest, is not surpassed. From this town have gone forth many men whose names have become distinguished in the various walks of life. Its scientific and literary institutions are very important Next to Plymouth, Salem is the oldest town in New England, having been first settled in 1626. The rides in the vicinity are pleasant, and its proximity to the popular watering-places makes it a point of much attraction, SWAMPSCOTT is the favorite resort of the wealth and fashion of Boston, to which city it is as Long Branch is to New York. The bathing is excellent, but the beaches are not so extensive as at other points. , ,, - t^ LYNN, r. . ;■•«.-. ","-■;.; the headquarters of the shoe trade, is 11 miles from Boston. It is beautifully situated on the N. E. shore of Massachusetts Bay. Dungeon Rock is a spot frequently visited, and High Rock, near the centre of the city, affords a fine point of view. Leaving this, a short ride brings us to the end of our journey, and we land at the wharves of the beautiful city of Boston. .. ^j . . .. , i R Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 337 \ "A PORTLAND TO NEW YORK DIRECT, via RAIL AND LONG ISLAND SOUND. HIS route ofifers special advantages to tourists, pass- j ing as it does through some of the finest cities and towns in the Eastern States, and also affording an | opportunity of enjoying a sail along the beautiful Long Island Sound. Taking the Portland and Rochester road, we pass on to Nashua, thence over the Worcester and Nashua Rail- - road to Worcester, there connecting with the Norwich and Worcester Road to Norwich, and onward to New jj London, via New London and Northern Railroad. At |! this point connection is made with the Norwich Line of Steamers for New York Those of our tourists who de- cide upon this route can leave Portland daily (Sundays excepted) in the afternoon, by the Steamboat Express with Drawing-room car attached, and will arrive at New York early next morning. This trip is made without any change of cars between Portland and New London. This train, also connecting at Putnam with the New York and Philadelphia Express train, reaches Philadelphia also early next a. m., and Washington about noon. BOSTON JS one of the most interesting of American cities, not only on account of its thrilling traditionary and his- torical associations, but for its public enterprise, and its high social culture ; for its educational and literary facilities ; for its numerous benevolent establishments ; for its elegant public and private architecture, and for the surpassing natural beauty of its suburban landscapes. 22 A.i. '■: '' ' ■ ■'«, ■.'■"■■■ "■-','' ' •*, I 338 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide ^ The old city is built upon a peninsula of some 700 acres, very uneven in surface, and rising at three different points into an eminence, one of which is 138 feet above the level of the sea. The Indian name of this peninsula was Shawmut, meaning " Living Fountain." It was called by the earlier inhabitants Trimount or Tramount, which latter name it still retains in one of its principal streets. The name of Boston was bestowed on it in honor of the Rev. John Cotton, who came hither from Boston, in England. The census of 1880 gives it a population of 364,938. ^■ Boston Harbor is large, and contains numerous islands, and in depth of water and availability is surpassed by none on the coast. At East Boston is the deepest water of the harbor, and here the ocean steamers chiefly lie. East Boston is con- nected by two ferries with the city proper. ■ The principal sights in and around Boston are Bunker Hill Monument, Faneuil Hall, the Common, the Public Garden, the State House, the Public Library, Old South Church, famous for its historical associations, Athenaeum. Natural History Buildings, Institute of Technology, Mount Auburn, and Harvard University Buildings, the Great Organ, the City Hospital, the City Hall, and other public buildings. The streets in the other portions of the city are irregu- lar and generally narrow. Washington and Tremont streets are the principal thoroughfares. The suburban towns and villages of Cambri > . •■ fi* ■ 344 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, Washington^ by Thomas Ball, and other pieces of statuary, and a conservatory, . , In the city proper there are quite a number of small parks. At the South End are Franklin Square, Black- stone Square, each having a fountain, shade-trees, with an area of a little more than two acres ; Worcester Square and Chester Square, containing about one and a half acres, are modest parks, with roadway on each side lined with fine residences. In South Boston there are two parks ; one on Telegraph Hill is k*^ i as Thomas Park, and the other as Independence quare, attractive on account of the superb views they command of Boston and the harbor. The largest squares in East Boston are Central Square and Belmont Square, con- taining about three-quarters of an acre each ; and the smaller parks of Putnam Square, Prescott and Maverick Squares. In the Dorchester district, the principal park or square, as it is called, is on Meeting-House Hill. Here stands the soldiers' monument While in this vicinity, the pedestrian tourist will be repaid by a visit to the new streets and buildings, on what is called the " Back Bay," now the fashionable quarter, in which is situated the Vendome, foremost among first-class hotels, a magnificent and elegant structure of white marble, eight stories high, on the corner of Commonwealth Avenue and Dartmouth Street, opened in 1880, costing over one million of dollars, and entirely fireproof; furnished throughout in palatial style, without regard to expense, making it, in its full com- pleteness, one of the most costly and luxurious in the country ; built expressly for, and now under the able management of, Col. J. W. Wolcott. It is in a delightful All-Ronnd Route and Panoramic Guide. 345 34^ All-RoMid Route and Patwramic Guide, W'-: 1:' l*:-' '*-. V • situation, and has a cuisine that can hard^ ^^'^ ^^ g:*atify the most epicurean taste. This new and superb hotel must, for the present, stand pre-en'iinrntly the leading first-class house in the city. FANEUIL HALL. The remains of this famous edifice, called the " Cradle of Liberty," stand at the head of State Street. It is very old, and is an object of deep interest to Americans. It was presented to the city, by Peter Faneuil, a distin- guished merchant, who on the 4th of July, 1740, made an offer, in a town meeting, to build a market-house. The building was begun the following year, and finished in 1748. It has been used at various times as a City Hall, Court House, Assembly Room, and for other purposes. In 1776, the Declaration of Independence was n.a d from the balcony of it. The Court House on Court House Square ; the City Hali, on School street ; the Custom House, on State street ; the State House, overlooking the Common ; the Boston Public Library, on Boylston street ; the City Hospital, on Harrison Avenue; Tremont Temple, on Tremont street ; the Masonic Temple, at the corner of Tretnont and Boylston streets ; the Merchants' Exchange, on State street ; the Athenaeum, on Beacon street, are all points which should be visited. In the vicinity of Boston proper are many sights of great interest HARVARD UNIVERSITY. This venerable seat of learning is at Cambridge, three miles from the city of Boston. It was founded in 1638, by the Rev. John Harvard. The University embraces, tl^ fail to gratify superb hotel T the leading the "Cradle Jtreet. It is o Americans, euil, a distin- , 1740, made market-house. , and finished nes as a City nd for other Independence re ; the City use, on State "ommon ; the let ; the City Temple, on the corner of ts' Exchange, on street, are any sights of nbridge, three mded in 1638, "sity embraces, 1j^, IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) /. C^/ ^>. &c ^o ^ 1.0 I.I 11.25 ■Ail2.8 |iO "■■ IS Z5 2.2 |20 Hiotographic Sciences Corporation aa WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14S80 (716) 872-4503 IT'} mil ' mi if- H ■ 348 All'RoMtd Rotite and Panoramic Guide, besides its collegiate departments, law, medical, and theological schools. The buildings are 1 5 in number, all located in Cambridge, except that of the Medical School in North Grove street, in Boston. Gore Hall and Uni~ versity Hall are handsome edifices, the former containing the library, and the latter the chapel, lecture-room, &c. Holden Ckapel contaiins the Anatomical Museum. The Observatory and telescope are of very great interest. lif-y. ENTRANCE TO MOUNT AUBURN CEMETERY, ' 1 i ■ & •• - f ■ < • ^/•\ '^ ■ *'■ ;' MOUNT AUBURN CEMETERY, about a mile from Harvard University, and about four miles from Boston, by the Road from Old Cambridge to Watertown, constitutes one of the sights of Bostoii, and should be seen by every visitor. It is the property of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, was consecrated September 24, 1831, and contains 140 acres. It is the All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 349 oldest, and by many considered the most beautiful of American rural burying-places. The gateway is of Quincy granite, and cost $10,000. The Chapel, an ornamented Gothic edifice of granite, with stained glass windows, contains statues of Winthrop, Otis, John Adams, and Judge Story. Ttu Tower, 60 feet in height, in the rear of the grounds, is 187 feet above Charles ; vci ,■ J n BUNKER HILL MONUMENT. River, and commands a wide and charming view for many miles. Cars run from the station in Bowdoin Square, via Cambridge (Harvard College), every 15 minutes, during the day, and until half-past eleven o'clock at night Bunker Hill Monument, commemora- tive of the eventful battle fought on the spot, is in 350 All-Round Route atid Panoramic Guide, *'.'<.■ • if. M Charleston, occupying the site of the old redoubt on Breed's Hill. The observatory at the top of this structure commands a magnificent view, embracing a wide extent of land and water scenery. The journey up is somewhat tedious, vraversing nearly 300 steps. The dedication of this monument took place June 17, 1843. On the hill is a stone marking the spot where Warren felL Horse-cars run from the head of Tremont street to the monument. THE UNIT^.D STATES NAVY-YARD, extending between the mouths of the Charles and Mystic rivers, and embracing about 100 acres in extent, is near the Bunker Hill Monument. There are many other points worthy of a visit In fact to note even the more prominent would require more space than our work would permit A very full and in- teresting account of the city and its public offices may be seen by purchasing a copy of King's "Handbook of Boston," profusely illustrated. The facilities for reaching these cannot be excelled, as the means of " getting about " in Boston are generally better, as well as cheaper, than in most American cities. By all means, we urge the tourist to thoroughly " do " the city of ^ ^ton. FROM MONTREAL TO NEW YORK DIRECT. |N order to meet all classes of tourists, we have con- sidered it advisable to say a few words in regard to the routes to New York out of Montreal. There are many who may doubtless desire, after making a short stay in Montreal, to return home direct, from lack of time or other causes to visit the lower St. Lawrence, and, although our Guide accompanies the through travellers, a Ii/ L-V • I iii) All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 351 few hints and recommendations to those giving up the tour at Montreal may not come amiss. Three routes lie at the choice of passengers, two "all rail," and the third, rail and water combined. During the summer season, the train, via the Central Vermont Rail- way, leaves the depot at Montreal in the afternoon, reach- ing New York about noon the follow wig day. Passengers may travel via Troy, or Springfield, according as they may elect to take their passages. The other all rail route is, via the Delaware & Hudson Canal Railroad, leaving Montreal during the afternoon, and reaching New York early the following morning. Another route referred to, is via Plattsbui^ and Lake Champlain. This is a very favorite way of going to New York, and is so well-known and appreciated that little requires to be said in recommendation of it. During the pleasure season, trains leave the depot, Montreal, for Plattsburg, connecting at that place with the very fine boats of the Champlain Transportation Company, for Burlington and Ticonderoga. Those leaving Montreal by the evening train will find it a very pleasant break in the journey to remain over night in Plattsburg, and take the boat the following day. For complete information on the starting of trains and steamboats, we would advise all tourists to secure a copy of the International Railway and Steam Navigation Guide, which may be relied on to furnish information up to the latest possible time prior to publication (semi-^ monthly.) ALL RAIL ROUTE TO NEW YORK. Those who adopt this route will proceed direct from Montreal to St. Albans. Before reaching this point, 1*^ ,;i» ■•- if.': ' ■ I' *•' k f ^ <' t"- t * ►1 z^... 352 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, however, we would invite the tourist to accompany us to one of the most delightful Parks in the State of Ver- mont MISSISQUOI PARK, lately established by the Central Vermont Railroad, at which they have placed a station, distant about 12 miles from St Albans, and a few rods north of Highgate Springs, the great summer resort of Northern Vermont This is a new attraction to this delightful neighborhood ; for, as rich as Vermont is in lovely localities, there is none more favored by nature than that which has been known for years and years as " Lover's Lane," at Highgate Springs. It is a delightful combination of grassy lawn, grand old elms and butternuts, pungent cedars, moss- grown rocks and silvery waters. Though easy of access, it is hardly less wild [and romantic than in the days long gone, when the dusky Iroquois fished in the waters of the Bay. The Canada line of the Central Vermont Railroad leaves excursionists quite near the grounds, which are, in fact, easy of access to most of the cities and towns in Vermont, Lower Canada and Northern New York, by means of the perfected railway system of the corporation having it in charge. A pleasant ramble is obtained on leaving the excur- sion train at the spacious landing, passing through the intervale, which separates the road from the gjrounds, over a broad plank walk terminating in an arched gate- way, bearing the inscription, " Missisquoi Park." Up an easy, grassy grade we reach the big Pavilion, erected upon a plateau on Elm Ridge. Stopping to admire the All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 353 artistic beauty of its architecture a moment, and, may- hap, to watch the merry dancers, we pass to the north, down a winding path, and out to the attractive little spring-house of " Iroquois Spring," where we quench our thirst with its famous mineral waters. Back, through " Camp Chittenden," we again visit Elm Ridge, reaching it by means of a delightful winding path, up through grim, gray rocks, past rustic seats in cosy nooks, till we reach the band stand. Passing southward we soon find the beautiful little Ice Cream Pavilion. Down through Butternut Walk we go, out upon the green, grassy open- ing of " Lover's Lane." On the right is " Elm Ridge," with its graceful elms and butternuts ; on the left, ** Cedar Ridge," thickly covered with the fragrant ever- greens, while falling away in a long, gentle slope, the green lane meets the silvery water of the Bay. Strolling down past the Croquet Grounds, the Big Swings, the Family Tables, under the Four Brothers, we take " Pic- nic Avenue," just where it starts from the foot of the lane. This is one of the most delightful and popular walks on the grounds. The way is winding and easy, among the cedars and moss-grown rocks, on the west of the ridge, and overlooking Kingfisher's Bay. The avenue is well up above the water, almost overhanging it in places, a strong rail now and then standing guard. Rustic benches are conveniently placed, where parties with their lunch baskets can picnic, while watching the gay skiffs and merry bathers. Here, where a cleft in the rock comes up to meet the avenue, easy steps lead down to the Bath House. Passing along we come to Point Lookout, from whence we gaze in admiration across the waters upon the bold, picturesque bluff in 23 t 4. 354 All-Round Route and Panoramic Gtdde, >i / ..' r ' tm: '" ■« ' Phillipsburgh, just over the border. Over the Bay, to the left, is the green fringed shore of Alburgh, while far over the waters can be seen the church spires of Clarence- ville and Henryville, thrifty Canadian villages. Away to the north stands Scotch Mountain, sentinel -like, over Her Majesty's Dominion. Crossing the Rustic Bridge, which spans Kingfisher's Bay, we reach the Boat House at Sargent's. In a skiff we visit Rock Island and inspect its rocky sides, furrowed with the beating of the waves for centuries. Back again, and over the bridge we scramble up the hill-side, and soon find ourselves once more in Lover's 'Lane. The Pavilion is a graceful structure, Swiss-like in architecture, and finished much more elaborately than such buildings generally are. The main part is 33x30 feet, in which are located the Superintendent's office, telegraph office, cloak and parcel room, waiting-room, ladies* room and kitchen. The kitchen is supplied with range and all other necessary conveniences. Running out from this building is the Pavilion proper, 31x60 feet, with open sides, and provided with movable tables and seats, to be used for both dining and dancing. The little building at the right of the main part is the office of the " Bay View'' a daily paper, published every excursion day, of especial interest to every excursionist. The Ice Cream Stand is one of the attractions of the park. It is a tasteful structure, well arranged for the purpose, and under the direction of Dunton, the well- known and popular restaurant proprietor of St. Albans. Here ice cream, cake, and soda water can be obtained. At the Bath House bathing costumes can be obtained at a nominal sum. The watpr is shallow near the shore, All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 355 gradually deepening ; the bottom hard, smooth sand, making safe and pleasant bathing. The Boating in Missisquoi Bay is unsurpassed. The boat livery of twenty-five light running skiffs, in charge of Sargent, is always in first-class order, and ready for instant use. Most of the boats are new this season, and seldom such a fine collection is seen. Safe and pleasant rowing is always assured here, owing to the location of the little bays. It may be well to state that to Canadian waters it is but an easy row. The fishing hereabouts is the best on Lake Champlain. Th's has long been the angler's paradise, and catches of five-pound bass and ten-pound pickerel are almost daily occurrences. Missisquoi Bay is well known to be the breeding ground of the fish of the lake. All seasons of the year fish of some kind can be caught, through the hottest days of August, and the ice of December. Trolling is the most common mode of fishing, though with expert anglers, live bait and the fly are the most popular. The entire grounds, the pavilion, the Kitchen, the spring water, croquet grounds and patent swiiigs, are all free for the use of the excursionists. A short ride brings us to ST. ALBANS. >HE American House is situated in the pleasant fa . village of St Albans, on the Central Vermont Railroad. It is a very cheerful, agreeable and comfortable house, admirably arranged for families, with suites of room of two or more. The location offers all the benefits of the Mountain air, combined with the ^cool •'(it 'ft if ■il *V>ll! • 356 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, and refreshing winds from Lake Champlain. The panoramic views from St Albans are among the finest in the Green Mountains. Aldis Hill, one-half mile from the American House ; the summit of Bellevue, accessible by an easy carriage road, is within two miles of the Hotel, commanding on the east a view of Mounts Mansfield and Jay ; on the west, a magnificent view of the Adirondacks, mountains, hills and plains, adorned with lovely farms and villages ; also a fine view of Lake W ' ^^ m .^^^^.SHrfSftf^-S^iAiW*' AMERICAN HOUSE, ST. ALBANS. - S. I. STROUD, PROPRIETOR. Champlain, broken with islands. In addition to the above are the wonderful mineral waters of Missisquoi, Sheldon, Highgate and Alburgh Springs. We would also here call the attention of tourists going through from Montreal, to the Franklin House and Cottages, at Highgate Springs, in Franklin county, in the north-west corner of Vermont, 1 2 miles north of St. Albans, where fishing, duck shooting, boating and yachting are found. i^^^ All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 357 About ten minutes walk westerly from the Franklin House are a wharf, warehouse, and steamboat dock, on what is called Missisquoi Bay, a part of Lake Champlain, and quite a lake of itself, being eight or ten miles across, and some forty miles around. Plenty of row-boats are kept here for guests and visitors. In the waters of this Bay is the best pickerel, pike and black bass fishing to be found anywhere, and as fine duck shooting as can be desired. Sixteen miles north of St Albans are the celebrated J.' "'^■ ALBURGH SPRINGS, much resorted to by invalids, and situated in the extreme northern part of Vermont, sixteen miles west of St Albans and seven east from Rouses' Point, on the Central Vermont Railway. It is surrounded by water on all sides except to the north, and is beautifully situated between Lake Champlain and Missiquoi Bay, which greatly adds to the freshness of the temperature in summer, while its fine air, besides being cool and refreshing, is a complete antidote for asthma, catarrh or hay fever. The waters of the Lake and Bay offer great allurements to the sportsman and angler, and its boating is delightful The Springs are of the Sulphur and Lithia class, and its waters have at- tained a wide reputation for their curative qualities, the power and extent of which are well established. Good and experienced boatmen may be had at all times, and pleasant excursion made to numerous points on the Lake. The views from the Springs are very charming ; to the East, over the placid waters of the Missiquoi, may be seen the pleasant town of St Albans, while in fjJT It* "'<' ^ V ♦ - ' ( J >i 1 > >.;;{/ 358 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, the background tower Mount Mansfield, Camel's Hump, Jay Peak, and further north a long range of mountains in Canada. From a little elevation, of easy access, there is a beautiful view across Lake Champlain to Rouse's Point, and the western horizon bounded by the Adiron- dack Mountains. The roads are good, and the drives and walks pleasant and numerous. The best hotel is the Alburgh Springs House, in a beautiful situation, and which has the reputation of being very comfortable and well kept. Passing onward from St Albans, after a ride of eighteen mi'.c-:5, Essex Junction is reached, whence the tourist may, after an hour's ride, reach the beautiful town of BURLINGTON, (Vt.) which lies on the east shore of Burlington Bay, and occupies a gentle declivity descending toward the west, terminated by the lake, which up to this point quite narrow, here expands into a fine sheet of water, nearly if not quite ten miles wide from the Vermont to the New \ork shore. Standing on the east declivity, say a mile from the lake and some 280 feet above its level, and looking on either hand you behold the most perfect picture of noble and varied natural scenery to be found in America, and equalled in Europe, if it be equalled, only by the view of Lake Geneva, looking forth from Lausanne. Below you are the glittering waters of Champlain, broken here and there by lovely islands that lift their green heads above the waves at various points in this ten miles of lake, that stretches out between these " shining shores." Before you are the Adirondack Mountains of New York All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 359 "all gleaming in purple and gold;" behind you are the Green Mountains of Vermont, clad in garments of equal yet different glory. On your left is Shelburne Bay with its curving coasts. On your right hand, your pleased eye follows the bending shore as it sweeps in faultless lines to Rock Point At Burlington, the tourist, who wishes to take in the exquisite scenery of the beautiful Champlain with its sinuous bays and breezy headlands (a more particular description of which will be found further on), will take one of the fine steamers of the Champlain Transportation Co. The drives are delightful in all directions leading out of Burlington. Mallet's Bay, a beautiful sheet of water full of excellent fish, is only six miles distant, and is reached by a road that gives you a general view of the Winooski River flowing through a stretch of charming country ; while the drive along the lake shore in Shelburne is equally attractive. Strangers should not fail to drive through the elegant grounds of Col. De Grand B. Cannon, as from this commanding eminence can be gained the most perfect outlook in the city, Among the other points of interest is Green Mount Cemetery, where lies buried Ethan Allen, "The Hero of Ti — ," whose grave is marked with a handsome monument Lake View Cemetery "Rock Point;" the beautiful residence of the late Bishop Hopkins, of the Episcopal Church, and the " High Bridge " on the Winoc'jkj, are also well worthy a visit ; all these points are approached by pleasant drives. QUEEN CITY PARK AND PIC-NIC GROUNDS. This delightful spot is situated on the shores of the 1 HM!' ^" r,v>r.,' . 360 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, beautiful Shelburne Bay, about two miles from Burling- ton, on the Rutland division of the Central Vermont Railroad. The entrance to the Park is alongside the main line of the Rutland road, where a platform 5 16 feet in length by 12 in width is built, for the accommodation of the train-loads of pleasure-seekers who crowd to this delightful place. Inside the entrance diverging paths take one by circuitous or direct routes to the centre of the grove, which is a plateau about seventy-five feet above, and directly overlooking Shelburne Bay and Harbor. In the centre of the plateau^ an open space of about four acres, are numerous croquet grounds, with croquet-sets free for use of excursionists. At the rear of the base-ball ground is a handsome pavilion, 50 x 30 ; and adjoining this a neat kitchen and store-room, 40x20. The kitchen is supplied with everything requisite in the way of cooking utensils, for the free use of parties occupying the ground. Tables are provided for the pavUion, where lunches and dinners can be served. For the convenience of the kitchen, water is forced from the lake by an hydraulic ram. Ice-water in ample quantities is supplied to all. The pavilion also affords an excellent opportunity for " tripping the light fantastic." The view from the pavilion is one of unequalled beauty and grandeur. At the foot of the bluff on which the pavilion stands is the beautiful land-locked bay, with scarcely a ripple on its glistening surface ; while beyond, past Shelburne Point, can be seen the white-capped waves of the broad Lake Champlain. Across the bay are the shipyard and Shelburne harbor ; and back of these, and seemingly close at hand, stretching away on either side, the rugged peaks of the majestic All Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 361 Adirondacks tower toward the sky ; while on the opposite side of the plateau, the Camel's Hump and Mount Mansfield, the pride of Vermont, rear their lofty heads, the whole forming a view which cannot be excelled. Close by the pavilion is a handsome band- stand, eighteen feet in diameter, and provided with chairs. Shadowing the pavilion, and extending out toward the point of the bluff, is a large grove, so thoroughly shaded by the thick tree-tops that scarcely a bit of sky can be seen above them. In this grove are a large number of rustic seats, "just large enough for two ;" also tables surrounded by seats for a family-circle. Here are also a large number of rope and patent box swings. The undergrowth in this grove has been all cleared off, and the ground swept as clean as the tidy housewife's kitchen floor. In the open circle a fountain supplied by water, forced by a steam engine from the shore of the bay, showers its cool, refreshing drops, which the sun- light transforms into beautiful rainbow colors. From the plateau a number of paths descend to the sandy beach, a most important feature of the grounds. This beach is over a mile in length, and thirty feet in width, and, being perfectly dry, affords a delightful promenade. At one end of the beach is a fine bathing-house with ample accommodation. The bottom of the lake here is smooth, hard sand, entirely free from stone ; and, the water being shallow — not exceeding five feet in depth at five hundred feet from the shore — the place is well adapted to this pleasant and exhilarating exercise. Bathing-suits can be had at the bathing-house from a I., u a I?'**. 362 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. dp . . ^ m t. , 'i* < ' k I* reliable person in charge. The lake view is said by artists to prseent, to the eye gazing toward the lake, one of the finest views in Vermont. Boating, being a most important and prominent feature of pic-nics and excursions, has been fully recognized ; and the steamboat Companies of Burling- ton have made liberal arrangements for those desiring boats ; the list including row and sail boats, yachts and small steam-tugs which will be let at a nominal sum per hour. A fine dock a hundred feet long by ten feet in width, is completed for the accommodation of the large boats and tugs. Arrangements have been made under the supervision of D. C. Linsley, Esq, with different steamboat companies, for a ride down the " Point " on the " Herald " or the " Mariquita," from the dock to Central Wharf, Burlington, for fifteen cents each way, tickets for which can be obtained at the office on the pic-nic grounds. The steamer " Julia " can be chartered by parties at very reasonable rates to make such trips as they may desire. "■ '■>"^'- -^ ' .-^ -' A number of new croquet grounds have been laid out in the shade. A Telegraph office has been built on the park, with wires direct to all points, and an operator in attendance. An ice-house, filled during the past winter, insures cool, refreshing water. The managers of the Central Vermont Railroad run special trains during the summer both for Sabbath schools and the general public, each excursion being distinct ; those for the Sunday Schools being exclusively for Sunday-school scholars, teachers and friends. These trains are run so as to accommodate all, and are managed 'M All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 363 with that cai vhich forms a prominent characteristic of the road. Returning to Essex Junction, the tourist may continue his journey to Bellows Falls, via White River" Junction or Rutland. As there are many points of interest on either route* we shall mention the more prominent ones. Passing by the first route named, we speedily reach Montpelier, the Capital of Vermont and the handsomest, if not the largest, town in the State. There is an air tf dignity, and repose about it which is attractive to the tourist, and the charms of the country surrounding it are unsurpassed by any other part of the State. MONTPELIER is on the Winooski river, and stands on what is said to have formerly been the bed of a lake. It is most plea- santly situated, and possesses many buildings worthy of the tourist's inspection. WATERBURY (Vt.). This pretty village, on the line of the Central Ver- mont Railroad, twelve miles north of Montpelier, is situated amid the heights of the Green Mountains, and surrounded by magnificent scenery and picturesque views, which, added to good roads, elegant drives, and pure air, make it a most desirable place of resort. It is twenty miles from the summit of Mount Mansfield, and ten miles from Mount Mansfield Hotel, a celebrated summer resort ; eight miles from Camel's Hump, a lofty mountain of almost equal attraction and notoriety ; four miles from the great Winooski River, where the rocks 1. ft . ■ - »>< 1 * ' . t^f '? i«r ' » lA f I'W 364 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, form a natural bridge across the river, and large caves where the Indians once made their homes ; traces of the latter are still plainly to be seen. Waterbury Hotel is a well-appointed house, only a few rods from the depot, is very pleasant, large and roomy, with long, wide, double verandas, and a special dancing-hall, croquet grounds, and good stabling for horses, also a fine livery stable connected with the house. Elegant six horse-coaches leave here morning and even- ing for Stbwe and Mount Mansfield. THE VILLAGE OF STOWE. Situated in the Lamoille Valley, completely flanked by mountains, — the most conspicuous of which are Mansfield and Worcester, — is the delightful village of Stowe, con- taining a population of over 2,cxx) inhabitants. Stages connect with trains, morning and afternoon, at Water- bury, ten miles distant, on the Vermont Central, and at Morrisville, eight miles distant, on the Portland and Ogdensbnrg R. R, The scenery surrounding Stowe is very beautiful, comprising the valley, which extends for many miles to the north-east ; Worcester mountain range at the east ; Camel's Hump at the south ; while at the west, Old Mount Mansfield towers in all its hoary grandeur. The mountain appears of peculiar shape, the outline of its summit resembling the human face, turned upward in a reclining posture. The north peak repre- sents the chin, the middle the nose, and the southern the forehead. The Chin, the highest summit, is 4,348 feet above the sea-level, and is the highest of the whole Green Mountain range. It is 3,800 feet above the village of Stowe, and 340 feet above the middle peak, or All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 365 the Nose, which is 160 feet above the southern peak, the Forehead. The mountain summit is nine miles distant from the hotel which bears its name. There is a good carriage road from Stowe to the Summit House, which is situated at the very base of the Nose. For the first five miles this road is over the usual travelled highway ; when the mountain base is reached, the road branches oflf and the ascent commences. The path, however, is not very steep, and is kept in excellent order. Two miles and a half of a pretty steep ascent, for the greater part of the way through a magnificent forest, brings the traveller to the Half-way House. Here one ought to make a long pause to admire the splendid view spread out before him. The lovely valley of Stowe, which has just been left with its smooth green farms, lies at his feet, and beyond, the hills and higher summits of the Green Mountain. In a clear day the summit of Mount Washington is dimly visible, though partially hidden by the nearer hills. A clear spring of pure water, a little distance away may be visited before starting on the ascent of the remaining one and a half miles of the peak. The journey is sooA accomplished in an agreeable and pleasant manner, requiring only about three hours' time from Stowe to the summit The view is hidden by the trees for the greater part of the way, but occasionally we catch surprising glimpses of a wooded ravine, extending to the very base of the mountain, and far away to the north is Smuggler's Notch, through whose flowing walls are seen pleasant vistas, closed in the distance by beau- tiful green fields. From the base of the Nose, near the summit of the mountain, fully 4,000 feet above the level ■^' Mi' 1 1( • • t^>; (t.^'lfc. , . 366 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. of the sea, and a fine view of the valley of the Stowe, towards the west is obtained, the wooded side of Mount Mansfield being visible to its very base, with no inter- vening summit to obstruct the vision, the scene being only closed in by the White Mountain range. Directly above towers the Nose, 4,008 feet above the sea level. Its ascent is made by a rough path on the western side, much resembling a flight of stairs. The northern side presents a steep and precipitous descent, down which you may look from the summit at least 500 feet. Several large pieces of the cliff have, from time to time, been detached and fallen in picturesque ruins below. It is but a short walk from the hotel to the Nose. To ascend the Chin, however, requires more time, though the journey is less fatiguing. There is no such precipitious and giddy ascent, but the mountain slopes gently and gracefully away towards the hotel. It is distant about a mile and a half from the Summit House, and requires a longer time than the ascent of the Nose. As it is some 300 feet higher than the Nose, it conse- quently commands a more extended view. The scene that is spread out before the eye, on either of the summits is gorgeous and beautiful in the extreme. Spreading out before you on the west is the level, fertile land of Western Vermont, diversified by pretty hills, bordered by the silver waters of Lake Champlain, with the deep blue Adirondack Hills in the far distance be yond. This view is singularly attractive. You see the farm-houses clustering into villages ; you can follow the courses of \the winding, trout-laden streams among the hills and forests ; you can see the dark green of the All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 367 waving corn, and can almost distinguish the farmers at their toil. The hills of Montreal may be seen to the north, and on a pleasant day the glistening spires of that city. The whole of Lake Champlain, from Fort Ticon- deroga to the extreme north, lies stretched out before you. Burlington, on its shore, can be easily identified. Owl's Head, on the shores of Lake Memphremagog, lies away to the north. In the south, rise Camel's Hump and others of the Green Mountain Range. From the Chin you may also look down into Smuggler's Notch, and even descend into it, if you have time and the necessary pluck. On the way to the Chin may be seen, in many places, parallel lines marked on the rocks in a uniform north and south direction. These have attracted much atten- tion from geologists, who suppose they were left there by the glacier, when the mountain was covered by snow and ice, and it carried huge stones in its cold embrace. In one place are two huge boulders deposited on the mountain top, with the lines they made in reaching the eminence, visible a few feet from them. The " Old Man of Mansfield Mountain " will be pointed out to you on the eastern side of the Nose. The profile is quite excellent, and the features possess an in- teresting regularity. The next important point reached is WHITE RIVER JUNCTION, at which point the Northern Railway, the Connecticut Valley and the Passumpsic River Roads connect The Junction House at this place has long been a favorite with the travelling public, and offers special attractions w ■ m: , c my" % ••■■ ■ ■i: Li' ':<• ■. • • Jl.' i^T-:- :1 Cs 368 All'Rouftd Route and Panoramic Guide, ::^>'M..' II for tourists. From this point, passing over the Central Vermont Railroad, a ride of 40 miles brings us to BELLOWS FALLS, the most prominent town in Vermont At this point the Connecticut River is compressed into a space less than 50 feet wide, and through this narrow gorge all the water must flow. The River makes a descent of 50 feet, though there is not any one perpendicular fall. In the rocks near the Falls are points which will prove of inter- est to the antiquarian. Returning' to accompany those who proceed via the Rutland Route, a ride of 59 miles from Essex Junction and the thriving town of BRANDON is reached. This town contains two singular caverns worthy of a visit. Minerals of different kinds abound, and extensive marble quarries are also in operation. Leaving Brandon we pass RUTLAND. . / ' M This place is best known in connection with the cele- brated marble quarries, from which large quantities of fine white marble are annually shipped by railroad. From this point the tourist, by taking the Delaware and Hud- son Road, can proceed direct to Troy, and thence by the Hudson River Road to New York. He may, however, continue his journey from Rutland to Bellows Falls, thence via Connecticut River Railway to New Haven, passing on his way through Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 369 SPRINGFIELD, with its celebrated factories and substantially built edi- fices, and, should he feel desirous of remaining over, he could not do better than take up his abode, during his stay in the place, at the Massasoit House, Messrs. M. & E. S. Chapin, proprietors, where we can assure him that all the comforts desirable will be readily obtained, and he will leave the city with pleasant recollections of his visit. The distance between New Haven and New York will be speedily traversed, and the tourist will find himself once more in the Metropolis. TO NEW YORK AND BOSTON via SOUTH EASTERN RAILWAY. Another, and exceedingly pleasant and popular direct route between Montreal, Boston and New York, is that via the South Eastern Railway and its connections. 1 he tourist by adopting this route passes through the most enchanting regions of Canada, Central, Northern Ver- mont, and the beautiful Lakes of Memphremagog and Winnepesaukee. From Montreal to Lake Memphiema- gog, going over the South Eastern Railroad, the scenery is the finest to be found in Lower Canada, and it is the charm and attraction of this route to pleasure travellers that it affords a continuous panorama of Mountain, Lake and River views, which are nowhere surpassed in their attractive loveliness. There are Jay Peak and Owl's Head, Lake Memphremagog, Crystal Lake, the White Mountains, Lake Winnepesaukee, and the lovely Pas- >iinipsic, Connecticut and Merrimac River Valleys, and tliL whole route forms a most delightful and fascinating 24 ii. '. I?? '■'■/ [iii'?'-.V,'' tv;r^^' »; V-' 370 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, trip. For those who have not the time or the wish to visit either the Mountains or the Lakes, this road afifords attractions equally strong with those it presents to pleasure travellers. Leaving Montreal at the Grand Trunk Station and pass- ing onward by Chambly, the tourist speedily finds himself winding through the lovely Mountains, passing at the foot of Jay Peak. The name ' Green Mountains ' is truly ap- propriate, and it may be applied to the green hills which surround us on every hand. Scarcely has the tourist passed this point until the flourishing town of Newport, Vt., is reached. Approaching this town the road skirts the shores of the beautiful Lake Memphremagog, which is well worthy of a visit LAKE MEMPHREMAGOG is a beautiful sheet of water, situated partly in Vermont, and partly in Canada. It is 35 miles long, and varies from 2 to 5 miles in width. Its shores are rock-bound and indented with beautiful bays, between which jut out bold, wooded headlands, backed by mountain ranges. Newport, at the head of the lake, is reached in about four hours from Montreal. Here the tourist will find an excellent hotel, the Memphremagog House, of which Col. N. Ripley is manager. This gentleman, who has made a record for himself in the management of the Nantasket Beach Houses, Mass., and is widely known as a popular and efficient manager, has this season taken over the House, and intends making Newport, now so favorabh' known as a place of summer resort, more attractive than ever in the accommodation and comfort which will be found in the hotel. The house is beautifully All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 371 situated near the margin of the lake, and commands charming views at all points. It has a length of 180 feet and height of three stories, with lawn in front always green, and laid out tastefully in walks. It con- tains about three hundred bedrooms, a grand dining- hall with a seating capacity of three hundred at one time, an elegantly furnished parlour, billiard, reading, and smoking rooms, hot and cold water baths, electric bells connecting with the office. All the furniture and appointments are of the latest style of modern improve- ment, while the health and safety of guests are provided for by contrivances for ventilation, and for protection against fire. The cuisine is first class, and the utmost courtesy and attention are always shown by the officers of the house and the attendants to guests. Besides the many beautiful trips to different parts of the lake, there are a number of equally beautiful and pleasant drives within easy distance of the Memphremagog House, some of which are to Indian Point, Trolling Park, Clyde River Falls, two miles distant, Derby Centre, four miles, Cov- entry Falls, (three routes) six miles. Bear Mountain, (fine view of lake), seven miles, Beebe Plain, seven miles, Stanstead, ten miles, Fitch's Bay, P. Q., (view of lake,) eleven miles, Bolton Springs, fourteen miles, and Jay Peak, (height 4,018 feet), fifteen miles. From this point a steamer plies daily the whole length of the Lake. JAY PEAK should be visited if time permit. It is 4000 feet high, and commands a fine view of the entire range of the Green Mountains, the Franconia Range, and the Adirondacks, with Lake Champlain also. The t%'' ' RT.l . It m-: '?.. J*' ■ i - i.w If* *i .• ■*..- m m: p :■ M ■ ■: »;■ mv-- , i- '■ 372 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, owl's head rises 3000 feet above the Lake, and commands, in fine weather, an extensive view. There are several points of interest along the Lake and its vicinity. A drive to Mount Orford, the highest mountain in the Province of Quebec, could not fail to give pleasure. On the southern shore of the Lake is a wonderful natural curiosity, known as the Balance Rock, a large mass of granite poised on a narrow point. OWLS HEAD — ON TllJi WEST SHORE OF LAKE MEMl'llREMAGOG. The eastern shore of the Lake in this vicinity is much improved and adorned with handsome residences, the finest being the beautiful summer villa of Sir Hugh Allan, of Steamship fame. Mount Elephantis, or Sugar Loaf Mountain, is seen to advantage from this point. At Newport, connection is made with the Connecticut and Passumpsic River Road, which passes through the beautiful Passumpsic valley, with its romantic scenery and thriving towns and villages. At Wells River, the tourist ^X All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide. 373 lEMAGOC will take the Boston, Concord, Montreal, and White Mountains Railway, wliif^h passes through some of the ^#i»tr-* MOUNT ORFORU — THE HH'.HEST MOUNTAIN IN I.GWKR CANADA. finest scenery imaginable, and traverses for a distance of over 20 miles the shores of the ever charming Lake Win- nepesaukee. Arriving at Concord, the tourist takes the ■]u^jr'yiMii•' "t. "-.sssia« s >> ^ ^'1**^ ^- ;. ,^ '■,4fr.-" ■ ^Mm^. '.i'' • • • ^\ ys^ ■■■*' '";'■''' - BALANCE ROCK. Boston, Lowell and Concord Railway to Nashua, thence Lowell, and Nashua Railroad to the city of Boston. .'•r 374 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, It Mf'^:- Ill- • -. At Well's River, the tourist may with but little loss of time visit the whole of the grand scenery of the White Mountains. In fact, for variety of scene, comfort in tra- vel, and other advantages, this homeward route has much to commend it to the tourist. Tourists for New York pass from Wells River to White River Junction, via Connecticut and Passumpsic River Railroad, thence to South Vernon via Central Vermont. The journey is then continued via Connecticut River Rail- OWLS HEAD AND MOUNT ELEPHANTIS — AS SEEN FROM THE RAILROAD, NORTH OF NEWPORT. road, through Springfield, and via New Haven, Hartford and Springfield to New York. h' '■ LAKE CHAMPLAIN ROUTE. We have thought it desirable to add to our Guide a brief sketch of one of the most interesting and attractive lines of travel presented in the whole country. It is ren- dered such by the exquisite and varied beauty of the scener)', by the thrilling historic associations impressed All'Rotmd Route and Panoramic Guide, 375 RAILROAD, upon it, by the rare accommodation and comfort of its steamers to the tourist, and by being the most direct and eligible route between Saratoga, the White Mountains, Mount Mansfield, the Adirondacks, Montreal and Quebec. It combines many decided and peculiar advantages, and prominent among these is the pleasant change from the dust and heat of the cars to the spacious and airy stea- mers. Lake Champlain stretches a distance of 120 miles, almost due north and south, and seems designed by the hand of Nature to form an avenue of commerce and social intercourse. Travellers, who have widely explored the objects of interest in the New and Old World, unite in pronouncing the waters and environs of Champlain the most beautiful and impressive the eye can rest upon. Varied features unite to complete the panorama. The waters of the Lake, whether reposing in a calm, or surging under the power of a tempest, are indescribably beautiful ; but this attraction is infinitely enhanced by the islands, which, in varied forms, stud its bosom ; by the peninsu- las which pierce it ; and by the bold, rocky precipices that hang over the Lake. The shores on either side are impressive and beautiful : now a long line of rugged cliffs, crowned by dense forests, appears, and now, smiling in luxurious ranges of culture and elegance, embellished by farm houses, mansions and villages, with their glittering spires. All this scene of beauty is enhanced by the dark framework of mountains, that impart magnificence to the whole. , CHAMPLAIN AND LAKE GEORGE. Passengers leaving Montreal by the Montreal and Chambly Division of the Grand Trunk Railway will cross l;«i 376 All-Round Route and Pamramic Guide, the mammoth Victoria Bridge, and are rapidly transported to Plattsburg, where they will remain over night, taking the majestic steamers " Vermont " and " Horicon," of the Champlain Transportation Co. next morning, which form a day line in either direction passing through both lakes going south ; they leave Plattsburgh every morning, Sundays excepted, via Port Kent. Ausable Chasm, Burlington and May Landings, reaching Fort Ticon- deroga, at noon (dinner after arrival), here the tourist can take an observation car around Mt. Defiance to Baldwin, Lake George, steamers to Caldwell where direct connections are made through to Saratoga, Troy, and Albany, the same afternoon. Passengers who desire to go through both lakes should leave Montreal by afternoon train; and Saratoga, Plattsburgh, etc., tourists, leaving these points above referred to, do not pass through Lake Champlain, but reach Saratoga via Lake George the same afternoon in time for supper. These vessels are models of elegance, neatness, and comfort. They are regarded as second to none on the continent for their power and safety, the perfect accommodation they afford, their spacious staterooms and cabins, and the sumptuous tables they spread. Having reached Plattsburg, which modern events have rendered the most conspicuous point on the Lake, the tourist will soon discover that a sojourn of more than a single day will be required for an inspection of its varied objects of interest. The military works made memorable in the siege of Plattsburg in 18 14, will claim his attention, nor will he fail to make a pilgrimage to the militar}' graves, in the cemetery. The drives are deWghtful, and that to the Ausable Chasm must not in any event be neglected. All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 377 The small island lying to the left, on leaving Plattsburg, was named St. Michael by the French ; it was occupied after the battle of 1 8 14, as an hospital, and was then known as " Hospital Island," but is now called " Crab Island." We immediately after enter Valcour Strait, in which the first action in 1776 occurred, between the British and American fleets. The tiny islet south of Valcour, tradition asserts, was at an early period occupied successively by the French and British naval officers, for the cultivation of vegetables and flowers, and it still bears the name of " Garden Island." Nearly opposite this island is situated the Delta of the Ausable River — a sin- gularly beautiful stream. We next reach Port Kent, an important landing-place for the rich valley of the Ausable River. It is five miles from the flourishing village of Keeseville, and three miles from the Ausable Chasm. This wonderful work of nature attracts yearly increasing crowds of visitors. It has been truly said that a view of this scene rewards a voyage from Europe ; the pen and the pencil equally fail in attempts to adequately delineate it, — to be appreciated, it should be deliberately explored and surveyed. No traveller in pursuit of pleasure, or de- sirous to examine the phenomena of nature, should omit to devote a sufficient time to the inspection of this most interesting spot. It is formed by the egress of the Ausable River, from the northern end of the Adirondack Mountains into Lake Champlain. The river has carved a channel in some places reaching a depth of two hundred teet, leaving precipices of every shape towering above the dark \i^ater. At one place the river is compressed to a breadth of only ten feet. The waters dash madly through their confined channel and are precipitated over falls, it .^ it '*, Ttii • > ■ .■" Ik V « '* , ' L* ► ' i^'. .' v^ !• «- HM |4 fiBtfi r-< y • i «g ' iiS 378 All-Rotmd Route and Panoramic Guide. AUSABI.K CHA!-M, 1*' >' V- 1 ■ J All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 379 » cascades, and rapids, the first fall being twenty, and the second, sixty feet high. The length of the Chasm proper is nearly two miles, and its sides and top are fringed with cedars, which cast a sombre shadow over it, and add to its mysterious grandeur. The Ausable Company have made extensive improvements to facilitate the access and easy exploration of this wonderful gorge. The chasm may be reached, via Port Kent from Burlington or Plattsburg, from Keeseville, or the depot at Peru ; or a particularly pleasant route is enjoyed by a drive of twelve miles from Plattsburg along the margin of the Lake. The Grand Trunk Railway have issued tickets the present season, permitting passengers to stop off at Plattsburg, and visit the Chasm. Mount Trembleau, a graceful promontory interesting as being the last spur of the AU^hanies upon the Lake, stands immediately south of Port Kent The steamer now enters upon the widest portion of the lake. A panoramic view is here unfolded, which blends, in rare felicity and beauty, the wildest magnificence with the most exquisite loveliness ; the waters spread out in a broader expanse than the eye can easily embrace, and are broken, and embellished by countless islands and headland. Burlington reposes in tranquil beauty in the east, and beyond are delineated the outlines of the Green Mountains, with the profile ofeach summit clearly defined upon the horizon. In the west. Lion Mountain and the broken groups of the Adirondacks pierce the sky in unnumbered peaks. At times, when we contemplate the western sky, in the declining day, and the atmosphere is radiant with the beams of the setting sun, the scene becomes grand and gorgeous beyond description, — earth Hi"'., t til. k M ^' i' '"«.* t ) f . i : ',\ . /J if • 380 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. and air, mountains and lakes, are bathed in a glorious and universal effulgence. On the left, near the Vermont shore, stands a massive lighthouse which is erected on a reef, and seems to arise from the bosom of the water. Burlington appears to peculiar advantage as we approach, and is conspicuous among New England cities for the beauty of its location, its attractive elegance, and high prosperity. Many of its public edifices and private man- sions are among the finest of graceful and elegant architecture. Almost in the track of the steamer, in her southern route, " Rock Dunder," a high conical rock, rises from the lake„ just beyond the harbor of Burlington. This was probably the great rock " Riggio," celebrated in colonial annals, and believed to have been, before the eye of Champlain rested upon the beautiful waters of the lake, established by treaty as the boundary between the Mohawks and their hereditary enemies, the Algonquins. Soon after, Shelburn Bay will be observed, a deep in- dentation on the left This is the great shipyard of the Steamboat Co., where they construct their vessels, and collect their condemned hulks, here to fall into decay. The vast form of Mount Mansfield towers remotely in the north-east. On the eastern horizon, the tourist will descry a lofty peak jutting up from the Green Mountains. The imagining of a slight fancy will delineate the " King of Beasts " reposing amid the clouds, his erect head, his flowing mane and huge rocky paws. The French called the mountain the "Lion Couchant." The roui little islets, lying nearly at the cardinal points, designated b}- the French the " Isles-des-quatre-venuts," are now known as the Four Brothers. Near these islands Arnold fought his last battle with Carlton. At the foot of the long 'jJX- Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 381 peninsula, on the western shore, now named Willsboro' Point, is the mouth of an important stream, the Bouquet river, embowered by trees and bushes. This was the sight of Gilland's colony in 1765, and the scene of Burgoyne's famous Indian Treaty. Soon after we pass the beautiful village of Essex. Three miles beyond, and near the Light House we are approaching, is a remark- able natural curiosity. This is " Split Rock," {Roche f endue of the French), a naked cone separated from the mainland by a narrow fissure, and seems to have been carved from the rock itself. We next reach the pleasant village of Westport Nine miles beyond, we stop at the thriving village of Port Henry, where the immense pro- duct of the iron ore beds of that district is shipped in every direction. In the passage from Essex the dark sierra of the Green Mountains is distinctly revealed, tracing a marked outline upon the horizon, while dis- located spurs of the Adirondacks are occasionally pro- tected from the mountains beetling into the lake, but their rough and rugged forms do not betray the inex- haustible wealth teeming in their bosoms. Directly south of Port Henry, across Bullwagga Bay, is situated the Peninsula of Crown Point. Chimney Point, which was occupied by the French in 1731, and the ruins of Crown Point, are on opposite sides of the lake, and separated by a narrow passage ; there the expanse of the lake ter- minates, and the long river-like channel, which continues to Whitehall, commences. When we contemplate the silence and repose which now rests upon Crown Point we can hardly realize that, in a former epoch, it v.as animated by the pomp and glories of war, or that it was once the mart of a large commerce, conducted by a busy h\', >; ■I ■ *' Vf ' \f> ' '■ ' . ' ■ 1 . ' ' ■ „, • ,,, « 1 1 1 382 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. population. We soon pass the draw of the railroad bridge, a work of great importance and interest. The tourist will next perceive the venerable ruins of old " Fort Ti — ," or Ticonderoga looming up on a high rocky cliff at the confluence of the waters of Lakes George and Champlain. Mount Defiance stands on the opposite of the former, and Mount Independence on the eastern shore of the Lake. Ticonderoga is now the southern terminus of the Steamboat Line, and here connection is made with trains to Lake George, or to Whitehall, Saratoga, and southern points. The completion of the railroad line between Lakes George and Champlain is an attractive feature of the Lake George route, as a tedious stage ride is avoided. There are two daily lines of steamers each way through Lake George to Caldwell. At Ticonderoga, the tourist can take passage to New York by the Delaware & Hudson Canal Co.*ys R. R. to Troy and Albany ; thence by rail or river, to New York. TO LONG BRANCH, ROCKAWAY, CONEY ISLAND, MANHATTAN BEACH, OCEAN GROVE AND CAPE MAY. ''"'^'^OURISTS desiring to visit the far-famed resorts of fl the Northern New Jersey coast, should take at New York the New York and Long Branch Division of the Central Railroad of New Jersey, starting from the foot of Liberty Street, or the steamboat from Pier No. 8 North River, and connecting at Sandy Hook with the New Jersey Southern Railroad to Philadelphia. Admirable facilities are offered by the Pennsylvania Railroad during the sum- mer season ; three express trains, with parlor cars attached, ■'V' All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 383 run between Philadelphia and Long Branch di \ The route is by the New York Division to Monmouth Junc- tion, thence over the old Freehold and Jamesbury Rail- road to sea girt, and from this point over the Centra' Railroad of New Jersey to Long Branch. On Saturday, an extra train leaving Philadelphia after noon will reach Long Branch (93 miles) in two hours and sixteen min- utes. The service employed on the Long Branch Division is the best that the Pennsylvania Railroad affords. The Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company, lessee of the " Bound Brook Route," also runs first-class trains from Philadelphia directly to Long Branch, Ocean Grove, etc., via Elizabeth and the New York and Long Branch Di- vision of the Central Railroad, especially for the sea-shore business. During the present summer the Company pro- poses to increase its facilities. If the tourist should decide to leave New York from Pier No. 8, North River, (foot of Rector Street), on either of the first-class steamers, which make during the "season" some six or seven trips daily between New York and Long Branch, he will first view the many beautiful sights which make New York Bay the most famous harbor in the world. On the left we see Governor's Island, with old Castle William in the foreground. On the right Gibbett and Bedlois Islands, all fortified to the water's edge. Sail- ing on, we view over our left bow the Long Island shore, the densely wooded heights of Bay Ridge, studded with villas. Right ahead are the stately hills of Staten Island, and on our approach to the ** Narrows," the gate to the Atlantic Ocean, our attention is called to Fort Tomkins and the granite walls of Fort Richmond, and its outlying batteries on our right, while on our left stands Fort 384 ^ \il- Round Route ami Panoramic Guide. Lafay ;ttc, grim, silent, and isolated, and back of it the for- midable fortification of Fort Hamilton. Beyond these, to the south-east, is Coney Island, and still further on we obtain a distant view of Rockaway, Entering the lower bay, a sort of miniature ocean, we pass incoming and outgoing vessels of all sizes and of all nations, from the fisherman's sloop and pleasure yacht to the stately Cunarder, and after about an hour's delightful sail from New York we reach * V SANDY HOOK, or the "HORSESHOE." one of the finest and safest harbors in the world. Here we may see, at times, a hundred sail anchored, awaiting the safety signals of " Old Prob " to venture out to sea. In a few moments passengers and baggage are trans- ferred to a train of comfortable cars, and we are soon speeding through a dense growth of lu.;jriant cedars and holly on the Government Reservation. Passing Highlands, Seabright, Monmouth Beach, in one and a half hour's time from New York, our train rolls into the depot of the " Brighton of America," and durin President Grant's eight years of office popularly known as the " summer capital." (T LONG BRANCH. ^ONG Branch is one of the most fortunate, as far as P position, accessibility and climate are concerned, W^ of the watering-places on the Atlantic coast, aiul with these advantages at the outset, it has naturally be- come one of the most famous resorts of the fashionable and wealthy society of New York and Philadelphia. As a 4- AH'Rotmd Route and Panoramic Giuik^ f0§ summer retreat it is less expensive than Newport and Saratoga, and quite as beautiful as either. Society, there, is generally more democratic ; fashion decrees no rigid course of conduct, and is therefore less exact- ing of her votaries, than at many other resorts in which the fashionable world takes no greater interest. The site of Long Branch is upon a blufif which af- fords a splendid drive over- looking the sea. The cli- mate is as delightful as "that of any other part of the New Jersey coast ; which is saying quite sufficient in its favour. The interior of the country is fertile and pleasant. There are no salt marshes or sandy plains in the neighborhood, and as the hotel-keepers say, no mosquitoes ; in fact, Long Branch is as well suited to rest and recreation for the weary, as to the pleasures and pastimes which city folks quite as often seek in going to the country or sea-shore for the summer. These natural advantages are adjacent, and within easier 25 s. > 1/ •• t ."i i ,1 *• t *■■ i'l j 'i ?|-''; f - ii' ',t'' ■>• !■ " ' 1 ',N r' ■ ¥• vA.- <■,■ i'./'l. ■'■'A '.; .i » '. ♦• 386 AU'Roiind Route ami Panoramic Guide, access than any other watering-place, to the commercial centres — New York, and Philadelphia. The remarkabl) safe sea-bathing facilities, an entire immunity from an- noying insects and other causes combined, have elevated this notable resort to the first rank in the country. The '• Bluff" here finds no parallel upon the Atlantic coast, extending, as it does, five miles continuously, and at an elevation of not less than twenty feet above the beach, from which it rises abruptly ; the plateau behind forms the famous " ocean avenue " drive, and constitutes a de- lightful promenade, with paths and broad walks, through green sward and summer-houses in front of hotels and cottages. The natural healthfulness of Long Branch and its surroundings are well-known. Bounded by the At- lantic ocean on the east, by well-drained and fertile farm- ing lands on the south and west, and by the Shrewsbury river and its branches on the north, supplied with pure water by its securely constructed water-works, it possesses every requisite for a salubrious locality. A dozen first-class hotels lining the bluff, with many others on the avenues leading back from the ocean, give ample accommodation for all comers. Pleasure Bay is the most delightful boating locality in the vicinity of the Branch. It is reached by a short drive of a mile and a half, and presents a most inviting appear- ance to the devotee of aquatic sports. Oysters, crabs, clam-bakes, &c., are here served up in a style of cuisine that is seldom equalled. The drives are, beyond question, the finest of any sea- side resort, and so numerous and varied that one can select a different route for almost every day in the "season," without their becoming in the least monotonous. •:-.'v All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 387 One of the attractive features of the " Branch " during the months of July and August is the races, under the direc- tion of the Monmouth Park Association, on their track at Occanport. It is by far the best in America, being a full mile, with wide sweeping turns, and visible in every por- tion from the grand stand ; its homestretch is a straight dash of a quarter mile, and cannot be equalled. It affords plenty of room for the large field of horses for which Long Branch meetings are famous. ' The tourist, if destined for Philadelphia, will continue on the train from Long Branch, passing through many pleasant villages to Camden (opposite Philadelphia), with- out change of cars. During the summer season, especi- cally, this line of travel, between New York and Phil- adelphia, will be found delightful. We will now call the tourists attention to a few of the most popular summer resorts in the vicinity of these cities. LONG ISLAND. |T is not long since the opinion was given to the world that the interior of Long Island contained nothing of greater interest to the tourist than heaps of desert sand, and forests of low shrub-trees left unfinished by the Creator and neglected by man. The Island was recog- nized a few years ago as a geographical fact, and that was all. Its northern shores were notable chiefly as the boundary of the waters of the Sound, while its southern ones had become familiar to newspaper readers through terrible and frequent marine disasters. The past two years, however, have worked a wonderful change in the fortunes of Long Island. Thousands of people have ex- plored it from end to end ; tourists have found there all 388 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, '1 ,. • ■ ■ * • < -!•< .' i" < ll* ' the delights of pure country air and the finest beaches in the country ; artists in exploring its coasts have found an inexhaustible field for sketching, while business men have just come to a realization of its south-western shores, their accessibility to New York, and the conveni- ent and delightful escape they afford from the enervating atmosphere of the over-heated city. The unsavory re- putation of old Coney Island is too recent a memory soon to be forgotten, and the growth of the Island dur- ing the past two years, until it has become the foremost of American watering-places, is the more remarkable, be- cause it is unparalleled in the history of our summer re- sorts. The various railroads and steamboat lines by which the Island was reached, attested, on several days of last August, their capacity for moving more than 200,- ooo passengers from New York to Coney Island be- tween sunrise and sunset The small island was over- run by multitudes of people, and those who could find a seat on the hotel piazzas, Bauer's platform, or the Iron Pier, were more fortunate than a good many others, who, for the want of a resting-place were obliged to move about with the restless multitude, animated only by a common purposelessness. The hotel-keepers have learned several valuable lessons by the experience of last sum- mer, and the travellers of the present one are likely to benefit by it The imperfect drainage, which was a sub- ject of continued complaint last year, has been overcome, it is confidently promised, by the erection of a number of hermetically sealed tanks, which will be cleared as often as required and by a process of chemical disinfection, which has been tried with success in the South. The Brighton Beach Pavilion has been enlarged, and »v' k:-v< ■•'. Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 389 the platform in front of the West Brighton Beach Hotel has been extended 160 feet into the sea. Paul Bauer's Platform, near the Iron Pier will provide seats for about 15,000 persons, and the contiguous band-stand will be occupied in the afternoon and evening by a first-class band. One of the most noticeable improvements at Coney Island is a lawn and flower-garden, which now extends several hundred feet east from the Brighton Beach Hotel, covering what was formerly a wide tract of marsh-land.. Another railroad has been added to the traveling facilities. The New York and Brighton Beach Railroad, from Locust Grove to Coney Island, has a double steel track, and is thoroughly equipped with rolling-stock. The time from New York City to Brighton Beach, over the new road, is only twenty- seven minutes. The Brighton Railroad, from Hunter's Point and Flatbush avenue, Brooklyn, to the Brighton Hotel ; Manhattan Railroad, from Bay Ridge and Long Island City to the Manhattan Beach Hotel ; the Prospect Park and Coney Island Railroad, from Greenwood to the West Brighton Beach ; the Sea Beach Railroad, from Bay Ridge to Sea Beach Palace, and the Brooklyn, Bath and Coney Island Railroad from Locust Grove to Coney Island, now oflfer first-class facilities for summer travel about the first of June. The flotilla of steamboats running between Coney Island and New York will begin their half-hourly trips early in the season. There will be an independent line of steamers during the summer running between Coney Island and Long Branch ; and another, making hourly trips between Rockaway and Coney Island. . ; ; , 390 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. ,>M i'i It ■■.■■•:■■'■ K/:::f:, V ■ - m''*^[ ii'. hi ROCKAWAY, claiming, among other advantages, an infinitely finer beach and purer atmosphere than Coney Island, and possessing the largest hotel in the world, as well as the new railroad, which brings New York within thirty minutes ride of the Beach, takes a large share of pleasure excursionists from New York during the summer season. The growth of this place might be likened to that of Coney Island, though in no way compared with it. But it would be difficult to exaggerate the possibilities of the present season, since the Rockaway Beach Improve- ment Company have taken that little neck of sand under their fostering care. It was not so very long ago that Rockaway was a neglected waste of land, covered here and there with a starving underbrush of trees and shrubs, while Far Rockaway, less than five miles further up the coast, was a fashionable resort, second only to Saratoga. Rockaway was a barren desert which no one cared to explore, as late as i860, when one James Remsen bought all the sand heaps west of Far Rockaway, some 1 2,000 acres in all, and paid $500 for them in the hope that they might some day be worth something. The mill of time was a slow one in his case, but Mr. Remsen's time came in spite of those who called him crazy, and two years ago last spring the Rockaway Beach Improvement Company paid nearly $200,000 for the neck of land on which their new hotel has been constructed. The new hotel is seven stories in height, with a facade 1,140 feet, or about 400 windows on the sea. It is constructed of yel- low pine and California red wood, the first floor be' ig finished wholly in panel work, including the ceilings. The ijj*.J!P*., All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 391 piazza extends on the front the entire length of the hotel, 1,140 feet by about 100 feet in width, and three hundred feet distant from the surf at high tide. The hotel contains about 1,200 rooms, or accommodation probably for 1,600 persons, and the dining-room can seat 6,000 persons. The new railroad (New York, Woodhaven and Rockaway) from Long Island City (Hunter's Point), and Flatbush Avenue (Brooklyn), touches at Woodhaven, on the Long Island Railroad, and thence takes an air line to Rockaway Beach, crossing Jamaica Bay by a trestle-work about five miles in length. The distance of about six- teen miles is traversed in thirty minutes, trains arriving within a stone's throw of the new hotel, which stands at the western terminus of Rockaway Beach, fairly within sight of the Coney Island sands. The Rockaway Beach Improvement Company operate, in conjunction with the new railroad and hotel, a special line of steamers to New York, trips being made as often as the emergencies require, with a landing at their own pier in Jamaica Bay, immediately in the rear of the hotel. The new iron pier at Rockaway Beach extends about 1,260 feet into the sea, the starting point being from the Beach about half a mile above the point. In addition to the new hotel, there is at Rockaway Beach, the Sea- side House, which has been enlarged to accommodate 300 guests; the Surf House (100), East End (400), Atlas (250) Sea-side Pavilion (150), Hammill's Hotel (300), and a number of smaller houses where one can enjoy all the comforts of life, at as reasonable prices as in New York. The Long Island Railroad will run express trains during the summer to Rockaway Beach and Far Rockaway, via Valley Stream, the distance to Rockaway r:s^..A» :t"i In'f ','' It- ■ ■ • ''ifV hi k'- '■, 392 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. being less than seven miles longer than by the new road. Greenport, a quiet little seaport town at the eastern terminus of the Long Island Railroad, will take a pro- minent place this season among Long Island resorts through a new summer route to Newport, via Greenport, Express trains will leave Long Island City and Brooklyn about noon, arriving at Greenport(94 miles) in two hours and a quarter, connecting there with the steamer for Block Island, Newport, Martha's Vineyard and Nan- tucket The sea journey to Newport occupies about four hours. Returning, the boat will leave Newport in the morning, connecting with a fast express at Greenport, the passengers arriving at New York after a six hours and a half journey from Newport The summer arrange- ment of trains on the Long Island Railroad will probably provide for three express trains each way, making only one stop between Long Island City, Brooklyn and Greenport Steamers will make daily trips across the Sounds to New London and New Saybrook, at the mouth of the Connecticut River, and towards the interior the eye is greeted with green fields and prosperous West Jersey farms, a striking contrast to the wastes of sand or unwholesome marshlands which summer travellers have so often to overlook in approaching the sea-shore. Rail- road trains whirl their passengers through the prett)- village, giving glimpses here and there of hotels great and small, spacious country residences, and long shady avenues bordered by cosy cottages. At length the passenger is set down at the West Jersey Station, and the clear blue waters of the Atlantic tumble in on the white beach fairly at his feet From tie broad walk, which extends along the beach from the railroad station to the Stockton and **■ k^-t*- Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 393 Congress Hall hotels, a fair idea of the town may be had. It is a bright picture, pervaded with an air of refinement and prosperity and full of hope for the pleasure-seeker. The fire which destroyed so large a portion of Cape May, in the winter of 1878-79, was speedily repaired. New and finer hotels rose from the ashes of the old ones, and were in readiness even by the opening of the season of 1880 ; hence the aspect of Cipe May from the beach is one of prosperity and life ; the new buildings give the im- pression of a newly created watering-place, while the con- tiguous grounds show the advantage of the care and atten tion that have been bestowed upon them for years. The two largest hotels on the island are the Stockton and Congress Hall (reconstructed for the summer season), both of which have accommodation for about 800 guests, and are, in every sense, first-class hotels. The facilities for reaching Cape May have been vastly improved, and if the season is as prosperous as it promises to be, the West Jersey Railroad will need all the advantages of its excellent rolling-stock and fine road-bed to meet the Vmands made upon them. The summer arrangement of trains on the West Jersey will probably provide for express trains leaving Philadelphia at convenient hours, both in the morning and in the afternoon. The time between Phila- delphia and Cape May (81 miles) is only two hours, Returning, express trains will leave Cape May probably about the same time during the day as last season. In addition to these there will be an accommodation train each way. The rolling-stock of the West Jersey has been increased by a large number of new summer excursion cars, built on the admirable model of the new cars used in the fast express service of the New York Division of I' , mf^ 394 All-Ronnd Route and Panoramic Guide, I '* '' r:>. It". ■ ■/ >■.! '> :♦. ■ '. '■■■V !♦ ■)■ Ik • '■ the Pennsylvania Railroad. One of the pleasantest routes to Cape May during the summer months is by the large excursion steamer '• Republic," which will leave Race Street Wharf early in the morning, and, after a pleasant trip down the Delaware, reaches Cape May I'oint about noon. A narrow gauge runs to Cape May City, five miles distant. Leaving the Point again about three o'clock the " Republic," arrives at Philadelphia early in the evening. Baltimore sends to Cape May quite as large a portion of her fashionable world as comes from Philadelphia. The society at the Island is bright, animat- ed, refined and hospitable, as it can afford to be, for the visitors at Cape May belong to the best class of summer travellers. The " season " opens at the Stockton Hotel, in June every summer. Atlantic City, situated on the Atlantic coast, sixty miles south-east of Philadelphia, has a resident population during the summer months slightly exceeding that of Cape May, but the transient visitors in the height of the season fairly outstrip that of any watering-place south of Coney Island. It was opened to the public a little more than a quarter of a century ago, and since then it is indebted for its rapid growth and steadily increasing popularity to an unusually fine climate, both in winter and summer, a good beach, generous hotel accommoda- tions, and the admirable facilities the Camden and Atlantic Railroad have always offered for going there. The adjacent coast is broken into many inlets and bays, which now afford the best opportunities for boating, fish- ing and gunning, sports that bring hundreds of visitors to Atlantic City every year. The improvements made last season are likely to work a wonderful change :;:^: All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 395 in the fortunes of Atlantic City — a change that was anticipated in the scores of new buildings which were constructed there. In addition to the Camden and Atlantic Railroad, and the Philadelphia and Atlantic City Narrow Gauge Railroad, which transported thousands to and from the sea-shore every day of last season, the West Jersey Railroad opened last summer a new railroad to Atlantic City, from Camden, by way of Newfield, a station on the West Jersey (Cape May) Railroad, about thirty miles from Philadelphia. The new railroad opened in 1880, from Newfield to Atlantic City is thirty-four miles in length, laid with steel rails and on a road-bed prepared for the fastest express trains The new railroad, which is about four miles longer from Philadelphia than the Camden and Atlantic, reaches Atlantic City, at the junction of Atlantic and Baltic avenues, the station fronting on both streets. Trains leave Camden (from Philadelphia by Market street ferry) for Atlantic City over the West Jersey Railroad at con- venient hours during the day, and they run five fast ex- press trains over the new railroad between Philadelphia and Atlantic City every day. One stop is made at New- field, and the running time does not exceed one hour and a halt On the other hand, the Camden and Atlantic Railroad, is well equipped with new rolling-stock, a well ballasted track, has a new and large station at Camden, and a new iron ferry-boat crossing the Delaware from their station at the Vine street wharf to Camden, and will open this season, better prepared than ever, to meet the tide of summer travel. Four express trains run to Atlantic City daily, without a stop. The running time is less than ninety minutes. The cheapest route to the If;-' '■ f'.'v * ttf'i 'm 396 All-Round Route and Pattoramic Guide, sea-shore is by the Narrow Gauge Railroad from Cam- den. Express trains run each way daily. A multitude of travelers were acco modated by this road last season ; and at the popular excursion rates offered, the luxury of a trip to the sea-shore, and a bath in the surf, is within reach of the smallest purse. Anglesea, or Five Mile Beach, a few miles above Cape May on the Jersey coast was last season taken in hand by an improvement company who now endeavor to bring the many advantages of the place into public notice. A new narrow gauge railroad will connect Anglesea with the West Jersey Railroad track near Cape May Court House. Barnegat Inlet, on the coast midway between Long Branch and Atlantic City, has become famous through its blue fish. The arrival of the first school, generally about the last of the month of May, is the signal for hun- dreds of sportsmen and business men to pack off for the sea-shore. The route from New York is by the New Jersey Southern Railroad to Barnegat, by way of Man- chester, and from Philadelphia the sportsmen may go by the Pennsylvania Railroad from Camden to Whitings, and from this point by the Tuckerton Railroad to Barnegat " Beach Haven is another of the resorts on the Jersey coast which have sprung into popularity within a few years. It is situated on Long Beach, a small sandy pro- montory running parallel with the Jersey coast and separated from it by Little Egg Harbor Inlet This inlet affords every opportunity for boating and fishing without the danger of the open sea and powerful surf which rolls in on this exposed coast Across the pro- montory the surf may be seen in all its glory. Beach /-■V All'Rotmd Route and Panoramic Guide, 397 Haven contains four well-kept hotels, easily accommodat- ing a thousand visitors. Steamers connect Beach Haven with Barnegat, and t'.i^nce the route to the north and west is the same. The Long Beach Hotel is again this year under the management of Mr. R. H. Southgate, so favorably known for his management of Congress Hall, Saratoga, and the Windsor Hotel, Montreal. A number of cottages have been erected in the neighbourhood of the Hotel for families, and immediately on their completion were taken by fashionable people ; and several New York Clubs have also built summer quarters on the Beach. In fine, everything points to Long Beach, and the Hotel, be- coming the most fashionable resorts on Long Island. Ocean Grove, six miles above Long Branch, is a reser- vation controlled by ministers and members of the Methodist Episcopal Church of New Jersey and Penn- sylvania. It is resorted to during the summer by quite a number of ecclesiastics, and christian families. No in- toxicating drinks are permitted on the grounds, and boat- ing, bathing and drinking are strictly prohibited on the Sabbath. During the Camp Meeting season, the village is crowded to its utmost capacity, many of the visitors living in tents and other temporary structures upon the beach and in the adjoining groves. The passenger traffic at this point, during the summer season, is larger than to any other resort on the New Jersey coast, between Long Branch and Atlantic City. AsHBURY Park and Ocean Beach adjoin Ocean Grove, the one on the north, the other on the south, and are both largely patronized. I * ■ ' If ' •>■■■ ' t.f. , ' If* U.'V'.': 398 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, NEW YORK. Here we are again at New York. But, before losing ourselves among its 1,500,000 inhabitants, we raise our hat to the departing reader, with the hope that the trip here ended has been a pleasant one. " On different senses, different objects strike ;" but we think there has been something of a sort to please all. Men of every pursuit, and of every variety of taste, will have been able to indulge, each in his peculiar hobby ; for, although the extent of ground traversed may not seem so large as otherwise might appear, from the similarity of race every- where encountered, yet, from the free expression given to thought, and the amount of enterprise, social and indivi- dual, everywhere met with, there is, perhaps, not a better field open for examining the working merits of the dif- ferent schemes which have been from time to time pro- posed as affording solutions of the important questions of national education, workmen's associations, co-operative labour. To the political economist there has been, therefore, abundant subject for fruitful study ; and the prospects of an ever-increasing wealth, lately opened by the discovery of rich mineral veins, in territory hitherto regarded as un- productive, will afford the theorist ground on which to work, in conducting his speculations on the great future reserved for this continent To the geologist no tract of country could well be found more replete with interest than that we have tra- versed. He has been brought face to face with nature in her sublimest aspects ; he has been admitted, as it were, to view the arcana of her great workshop, and the vast All-Ronnd Route and Panoramic Guide, 399 cuttings scooped out by the powerful force exerted through successive ages on a limestone formation, by a stupendous power like Niagara as well as the tiny "striae " or ice grooves, that to this day mark, with unerring line, the course of the Northern glaciers, as, in ages still more re- mote, they ground down the greater portion of the North American continent. The artist and sportsman have also no reason to com- plain of the bill of fare offered for their special enjoy- ment. The former could hardly study in a better school than that he has just left — a school that has produced more than one conscientious interpreter of its own peculiar ^^ genre'' And the latter will, on his journey round, have been able to inspect, the spoils of many a game-bag and fishing basket. The student of life and character will have occasion to notice many novelties ; and the strange mixture of the two languages in Canada, by the ^^ habitantSy' as they are called, will astonish his ideas of euphony. His pure French, if such, perchance, he can command, will not un- frequently prove " caviare " to these swarthy folks, but, perhaps, nothing will have more effect on him than the first sight obtained of the Red Man, as he appears in the streets of our cities in this the 19th century — " O, quantum mutatus ab illo,'' he will exclaim, from that romantic- looking creature clothed in a scanty allowance of " fig- leaf, " who used to be served up for the delectation of our infantile minds in the pages of old Peter Parley — when he sees the Indian Chief of his boyhood, so strangely modified by the Darwinian system of Natural Selection, into a smooth-faced, oily-haired, individual, clad in paper collar, Eureka shirt, and extensive wide-awake. 400 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, m We have endeavored to describe faithfully and correctly the routes over which we have passed in company. There are doubtless some whose knowledge of particular points named is greater than that possessed by us, and such, if combined with those already given, would greatly enhance the value of our Guide ; we, therefore, ask infor- mation from those best able to afford it, and we promise that, so far as the limits of the work may permit, the same shall be given in future editions to our friends, the traveling public. At New York, the Metropolis of America, the traveler will have a choice of routes for the homeward trip, which we hope will be safely ac- complished. And as the cares of life are once more taken up, and the avocations resumed which for the time were left behind, may renewed health and vigor, as the result of the pleasant journey round, give zest to the performance of those duties, which will be sweetened with the pleasant memories of the scenes which have been visited and the wonders and beauties of nature which have been viewed. We will now lift our hat to the departing tourist, whom we have conducted in making the all-round trip, and bid him a temporary farewell, hoping to renew his acquaintance in traversing a larger and more extended route next year. "> ADIEU. |4> V »• INDEX TO CITIES, TOWNS AND PLACES OF INTEREST. fAUK Afton. N. Y 51 Albany, N.Y 111-114 Albion. Biioh 163 Alburgh Springs, Vt 367-358 Alexandria Bay, N.Y 213 Ann Arbor, Mioh.. 162 Angleaeu, N. J • • . ■ -'{96 Anthony's Note, N.Y 18 Arethusan Streams, Mass i^ A8hburyPark.N.J. ;W Ashley Lake, Mass 39 Atlantic City, N.J. 394 Audubon Park, N.Y 11 Ausable Chasm, N.Y 377 fiainbridRe. N.Y.. 51 Ball Head Cliff, Me 334 Balance Rook, Mass 39 Ball8ton,N.Y 46 Barnegat Inlet, N. J. ^^96 Barry town, N J.. . . 27 Batiscan, Que. ■ 267 Battle Creek, Mich 163 Beach Haven, N.J. 396 Beacon Hill, N.Y.. 22 Boiiuharnois, Que. 229 Belceil Mountain, Que 262 Belleville, Ont 211 Bellows Falls, Vt.. 368 Berry Pond, Mass. 39 Binghamton, N.Y.. 47 Bloody Pond. N.Y. 108 Boston, Mass • 337-350 Buterbergh Moun- tain, JS.Y 21 Brandon, Vt 368 Breakneck, N.Y.. 21 Brock's Monument, Ont.... .... 199 Brockville,Ont. .. 221 26 PA OK Bunker's Hill, Boston , Mass .... 349 Burlington, Vt. . . .358-360 Burning Spring, Niagara Falls., .137-1% Buttermilk Falls, N.Y Caoouna, Que Caledonia Springs, Ont Caldwell's Landing, N.Y Camp Douglas, Wis. Cape Eternity, Que. Cape May, N.J . . . Cape Trinity, Que. Carbondiile, N.Y. Carillon, Que.. Catskilli^'allH.N.Y. Catskill Mountains N.Y Caughnawaga, Que Cedars. Que Central Bridge, N.Y Chaudi^re Falls. Ont Cherry Valley, N.Y Chicago, III. Clayton, N.Y . Chin, The, Vt Chryslers Farm, Ont Clove, The, N.Y.. Cobleskill.N.Y.... CobourK. Ont Cohnes, N.Y Colliers, N.Y Concord, NH Coney Island, N.Y. Convent of Mount St. Vincent, NY Cooperstown, N.Y. Cornwall, NY Cornwall, Ont Cotoau du Lac, Que 18 288 235 17 191 292 393 292 50 2:^ 29-30 28 231 228 6;{ 238^ 61 1 H)5-188| 217 i 2231 281 571 2101 64! 52 1 3;i2 389 52-56 22 227 227 PAOI Coxsackie, N.Y... 40 Orawtbrd Notoh, N.H 325 Croton Lake, N.Y. 17 Crownest. N.Y ... 21 Crugor's Island. . . . 27 Orum Elbow, N.Y. 26 Crystal Lake, N.Y. 50 Cushing's Island, Me im Delles, Wis 191 Day line of Steam- ers. 5 Dearborn, Mich . . . 161 Detroit, Mich. ..16M61 Devil's Danskam- mer.N.Y 24 Devil's Hole, Nia- fiara Falls 142 Dickinson's Land- ing, Ont 227 Dobb g Perry, N.Y. 13 Dundas, Ont 167 Dunderberg, Mt., N.Y 17 Echo Lake, N.H. . 312 Elmira, N.Y ... 118 Emerald Pool, N.H. 3Ul Fabyans, N.H. • .S18 Fish kill Landing, N.Y 24 Flume, The N.H. . 316 Fort Ashley, Mass. 39 Fort Clinton, N.Y. 18 Fort Edward Sta- tion. NY 103 Fort George, Lake George 110 Fort Lee, NY 12 Fort Montgomery, N.Y. 18 Fort Niagara, N.Y '202 FortSnelling,Min. 193 Fort Washington, N.Y 11 Fort William Henry N.Y 110 '.■ . .'. I XIV INDEX. If ■' i. In ■ •"J PAOB Pranconia Notch, N.H 312 Qansvoort.N.Y... 105 Genesee B i t er , Falls, N.Y 117 Glens Falls, N.Y.. 106 Glen Ellis Falls. N.B.... 301 Greenport, L.I.... 392 GroBse Isle, Que .. 286 Gorham, N.H 296 Grimsby, Ont 156 Fa ! Ha I Bay, Que 290 Haverstraw. N.Y.. 17 Hamilton, Ont 156-157 Hampton Beach, Conn 335 Havana Glen, N.Y.121-123 Howe's Cave, N.Y. 61-62 Hudson, NY... 31 Island of Orleans, Que 285 Isle of Shoals, N.H 334 •lackson, Mich... 162 Jay Peak 371 Kalamazoo, Mich. 163 Kennebunk, Me.. . 333 Kensington, III.. . . 164 Kingston, Ont. 211 Kilbourn City, Wis 190 La Crescent, Minn. 191 La Crosse, Wis 191 Lachine Rapids, Q. 231 Lake Champlain. 351 Lake George, N.Y 104,108-110 Lake Minnetonka, Minn 195 Lake Memphrema- t?og, Que .'^70-374 L;ika Oconomowoc 190 Lake Onota, Mass. 39 Liike Pepin. Wis.. 192 Liike Pewaukee, . . 190 Lake St. Charles, Q 282 Lake St. Francis.Q 227 Lake Kt. Peter, Que 265 Lake Wiunepesau- kee. Me ;.. 369 Lanesboro's Hill, Mass .39 Lebanon , MasH — 39 Lewiston, N.Y — 197 Lynn, Mass.. .3.% Longbranch, N.J. .:«4-38r) London, Ont. 158-159 Long Eault Rapids, Ont 223-225 Luna Island, Ont. . 151 Littleton, N.H .. Long Jkiich. L.I. . 396 L'Orifriniil, Que... 235 Lula Cascade, Mass 39 Mount Willard, N.H 305 Mount Webster, N.U 305 PAOB Mount Franklin, N.H 806 Mount Kearsage, N.H.,.. 804 Mount Clinton, N.H 306 Marshall, Mich.... 163 Maplewood Insti- tute, Mass. . 34-38 Masseoa Springs, NY 223 Michigan City, Mich 164 Milwaukee, Wis.. 189 Minneapolis, Minnl94-195 Minnehaha Falls, Minn 193 Missisquoi Park. Vt 352-355 Montreal, Que... 239-261 363 282 372 372 364 298 316 330 28 13 286; 23' .3.S5i Montpelier, Vt Montmorency Falls, Que. . Mount Elephantis, VcUO* •••• #■••••• Mount Orford, Q. . Mount Mansfield, Vt Mount Washing- ton, N.H Mount Lafayette, N.H Mount Pleasant, Me Mountain House, N.Y Mount St. Vincent, N.Y Murray Bay, Que. Newburgh, NY.. . Newburyport.Mass Newport, Vt 370-371 New York 398, Niagara. Ont 200-203 1 Niagara Falls, Ont.l25*155i Niles, Mich 163; Nineveh, N.Y 48 North Conway, N.H ,328' Ocean Beach, N..T. .3!»7 , Oceii n fl rove , N . J. .397 | Ogdcnsburgh.N.Y. 221' Oka, Que.. 234; Old Orchard Beach, | Me .333 1 OneoTita, N.Y .51 Ottawa, Ont 235-2.30 Otego, N.Y 51 Otsego Lake, N.Y. 53 Owl's Head, Que.. 372 Palisades, N.Y... . 12 Portage City, Wis. 190 PortHgo.N.Y 117 Peekskill, N.Y.... 17 Perry's Peak, Mass 39 Piiikham Notch, N.H 304 PAOK Plattsburgh, Vt. . . 376 Port Hope, Ont,... 210 Portland, Me 319-523 Portsmouth, Me.. 331 Poughkeepsie,N.Y. 26 Prescott, Ont 222-223 Preston, Minn.. 191 Profile Rock, N.H. 314 Prospect Park, Niagara Falls .. 128-r Pittsfield, Mass... 32-34 Pontoosuo Lake, Mass 39 Queen City Park, Vt 360-363 Quebec 269-281 Queenston. Ont. . . 198 Redwood, N.Y... . 220 Rhinebflck Land- ing, N.Y 27 River Marguerite. 294 Riviere du Loup, Que 286 Richmond, Que... 295 Rookaway, N.J. ..i90-m Rutland, Vt 368 Richfield Springs, N.Y 53 Rockland Lake, N.Y 16 Round Lake, N,!'. 45 Rye Beach, NH.. 335 Saco, Me 333 Sandy Hill, N.Y. . 105 St. Anne, Que . . 233 St. Anne's Falls, Que 285 Saguenay River, Quo 289-294 Salem. Mass 336 Salisbury, Mass. . . 335 Sandy Hook, N.J . 384 Seabrook, N.H.... :i35 Sebago Lake, Me.. 326-329 Seneca Lake, N Y 124-125 Sherbrooke. Que. . 295 Silver Cascade, N.H 318 Songo River, Me. . ^M) Sorel.Que 265 Springfield, Mass.. 3«9 Stowe, Vt 364-367 St. Albans, Vt. . . 355-366 St. Paul. Minn... 193-194 St. Regis, Que .... 227 Saratoga, jN.Y 65-102 Saratoga Lake, N.Y 103 Saw-mill River, N.Y 13 Scranton, N.Y.... 49 Schenectady, N.Y. 64 Shaker Village,. . . 39-40 Sharon Springs, N.Y. 57-W Shawangunk lliils, N.Y 24 ,'«W^-. INDEX. XV PAGB Sidney, N.y 51 Sing-Sing, N.Y... 16 Sleepy Hollow, N.Y 16 South Beaoon Hill, N.Y 24 Split Rook, Lake Champlain 381 Spuyten Duyvil, N.Y. 11 Stony Point, N.Y. 17 St. Catharinea, Ont 155 St. Hilaire.Que... 262 Swampsoott.MasB. 336 Tarry town. N.Y.. 13-14 Thompson's Falls, N.H. 300 Thorold.Ont 155 Three Sisters, Nia- gara Falls 144 Three Rivers, Que. 267 PAOK Tadousao, Que .... 288 Thousand Islands. 213-220 Ticonderoga. 104 Toronto, Ont .... 203-208 Trenton Falls, N.Y114-115 Tuckerman's Ra- vine, N.H 302 Troy, NY 42-43 Tivoli.N.Y 27 Tunnel Station, N.Y Two Mountains, Que 234 Unadilla.N.Y 51 Victoria Bridge, Que 258-260 Vassar College, N.Y 26 Verplank's Point.. 17 Wanconah Fails, Mass 39 PAOI Waterbury, Vt.... 363 Watkin's Glen, N.Y 118-121 WestPoint 20 Whirlpool Rapids. Niagara Falls. . .139-144 White River Junc- tion, Vt 367 Windmill Point, Ont 222 Waddington,N.Y. 223 Way zata, Minn... 195 Weehawken.N.Y. 10 Wells, Mass 333 West Point, N.Y. . 19-20 White Mountains, N.H 297-319 Worcester, N.Y.. 57 York Beach, Me.. 334 Ypsilante, Mich ... 161 INDEX TO MAPS. PaBoramaof St. Liawrence River Facing Saratoga ** Niagara FallB " Lower St. Lawrence and Saguenay River *' White Mountains *' City of Boston ** JCzcorsion Routes. ** I «S 126 20S 372 SS7 S2« XVI ADVERTISEMENTS. l■.'^ P ■■•■'■' " r V' ■'■•>. ■' " i i» • ' |or f oroMo ani |l?er |i |awrenee. V The Palace Steamer RUNNING BETWEEN Lewiston, Niagara and Toronto, In direct connection with Trains on the New Tori Central & HndiiOD Biver i B., And Canada Southern Railway, Giving both the Tourist and Business Traveller a delightful sail of Forty Miles Connecting at Toronto with ROYAL MAIL LINE for Thousand Islands, Rapids of St. Lawrence, &c. Tickets on sale at all Ticket Offices of the N. Y. C & H. R. R. R., and Royal Mail Line, and by BAELO'W OVMSEBLANS, 35 Yonge St., and 24 York St., Toronto. J0S2T 70T, SCaaaffor. ADVERTISEMENTS. XVII Ricliiiliiiii & Ontario NaTigation Co. The iSteamers of this Company between MONTRBAIj and QUBBEG ran regularly as under : — The « Quebec," Capt. R. Nelson, on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, and T'hr "MONTREAL," Capt. L. H. Roy, on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays, at SEVEN o'clock p.m., from Montreal. •:jceamers from >| MOIVTRBAI. to HA]!IIII.TO]!ir connecting at Twonto with the Steamers for Niagara Falls and Buffalo, and with railways for all points West, will leave daily (Sundays ex- cepted), from the Canal Basin, at NINE o'clock a.m., and Lachine on the arrival of the Train leaving the Bonaventure Station at NOON, and Coteau Landing on arrival of Train leaving Montreal at FIVE o'clock p.m. Steamer ** BOHEMIAN," Capt. J. Rankin, for Cornwall and intermediate ports, every Tuesday and Friday, at 12 noon, from Canal Basin. Steamer ** TROIS RIVIERES," Capt. J. Duval, leaves for Three Rivers every Tuesday and Friday at 2 p.m., connecting at Sorel with steamer •« SOREL " f6r St. Francois and Yamaska. Steamer "CHAMBLY," Cipt. Frs. Lamoureux, leaves for Chambly every Tuesday and Friday, at 1 p.m. Steamer "TERREBONNE," Captain Laforce, leaves daily (Suudays ex- cepted), for Boucherville, Varennes, and Bout de I'lsle at 3 p.m. COMPANY'S TICKET OFFICE, where staterooms can be secured from R. A. DicksoQ, 133 St. James Street, and at the Ticket Office, Richelieu Pier, foot of Jacques Cartier Square, and from Robert McEwen, at the Freight Office, Canal Baain. aENEAAL OFFICES, 228 ST. PAUL STREET. J. B. LAMERE, ALEX. MILLOY, General Manager, Traffic Manager. XVIII ADVERTISEMENTS. ,(1 ■'■ ■/ 1. ,. h«>' I'* ' ' MAIL LINE DAY STEAMERS BETWEEN Paasengera for Ottawa and all intermediate ports take 7 a.m. train for Lachine, daily, to connect with steamer. First-class Fare to Ottawa |2 50 Return do 4 00 Second-class do 1 50 Charming Scenery and Comfortable Meals. DAILY EXCURSIONsTtaWngTalmTtiiinforU^ ALL DAY TRIP TO CARILLON AND BACK, passing through beautiful scenery. Steamer remains at Carillon one hour and a-half, returning HOME BY THE RAPIDS. Fare for the round trip, $1.25; on Saturdays, $1 . 00. Tickets for the CALEDONIAN SPRINGS (the Saratoga of Canada) at Reduced Rates. This is the most direct of any route to the Springs. r-«-*J/»^' J[EXCURSIONS UP BY RAIL AND] DOWN BY BOAT. 1^ vm^*"*-* DOWN THE RAPIDS in the afternoon, take the 5 p.m. train for Laohine Daily. Fare for round Trip; 50c. ST. ANNE'S, daily, by 12.30 p.m. train, and on Saturdays by 2 p.m. train, returning by boat at 4 p.m. via Rapids. Fare for round trip, 80c. ROUND TRIP tickets issued to Ottawa, up by rail and down by boat. Fare, $6.00. Tickets, Tourists' Cards, and all information at principal hotels. Grand Grand Trunk Office, 143 St. James Street and Depot, and the Company's Ticket Office, comer St. James and McGill Streets. Freight Office, 87 Common Street, Canal Basin. R. W. SHEPHERD, President. R. W. SHEPHERD, Jr., Manager, 89 Common St., Montreal. < ADVERTISEMENTS. XIX n. train for IMS CHAHFLilN AND KEORKE. Steamers "Vermont" and "Horicon," form a day line in either direction through both Lakes. Going south, leave Plattsburg every morning (Sundays excepted), via Port Kent (Ausable Chasm), Burlington and way landings, reach Fort Ticonderoga at noon, (dinner after arrival). 0lSlBT4f IHM €k'&» around Mount Defiance to Baldwin ; Lake George steamer to Caldwell, connections thenc^ through to Saratoga, Troy and Albany same afternoon. Passengers to go through both Lakes, leave Montreal by afternoon train and lodge at Platts- burgh, then leaving by morning train do not pass through Lake Champlain, but reach Saratoga via Lake Georqre the same afternoon in time for tea. P. W. BARNEY, Super. Burlington^ Vt. C. C. McFALL, Ticket Agent, 143 8t. James Street, Montreal. {See page ^,^6). i if XX ADVERTISEMENTS. I. ) I I "! OIF STE.A.:M:Eie.s TO THE Tadousac, Cacouna, Riviere du Ijoup and Murray Bay. « ♦ » Commencing on the 27th Jane, the well-known first-slass Steamers, "SAGUENAY," - . - Caft. M. Lbcours. " UNION," or " ST. LAWRENCE," Will leave St. Andrew's Wharf as follows : Tuesdays and Fridays, at 7.30 A.M., the "SAGUENAY," for Chicoutimi and Ha ! Ha ! Bay, calling at Baie St. Paul, Les Ebonle- ments, Murray Bay, Riviere du Loup, Tadousac and L'Anse St. Jean. Wednesdays and Saturdays, at 7.30 A.M., the "Union," for Ha! Ha! Bay, calling at Baie St. Paul, Les Eboulements, Murray Bay, Riviere du Loup and Tadoasac. Connecting at Quebec with the Richelieu k Ontario Navigation Company's Boats, North Shore Railway, and Grand Trunk Railway ; and at Riviere du Loup with the Intercolonial Railway for and from the Maritime Provinces and Atlantic States. Leaving Riviere du Loup : — For the Saguenay, at 5.00 P.M., same day ; and for Quebec, Wedr esdays, Thursdays and Saturdays, at 5.00 P.M., and on Sundays at 7.00 P.M. TICKETS for sale, and State-Rooms secured at the General Ticket Office, opposite the St. Louis Hotel, and at the Company's Office. For farther information enquire at the St. Lawrence Steam Naviga- tion Co., St. Andrew's Wharf. A. GABOUKY. Set-retary. fe?.*«wwH.^' ({• ■(■•■, • XX ADVERTISEMKNTS. :f •■■ ■■ I : OIF STE^nS^CEK/S TO THE Tadousac, Cacouna, Riviere du Ijoup and Murray Bay. Commencing on the 27th Jane, the well-known firat-elass Steamers, "SAGUENAY," - - Capt. M. Lbcours. " UNION," or *' ST. LAWRENCE," Will leave St. Andrew's Wharf as follows : Tuesdays and Fridays, at 7.30 A.M., the "SAGUENAY," for Chicoutimi and Ha ! Ha ! Bay, calling at Bale St. Paul, Les Ebonle* ments, Murray Bay, Riviere du Loup, Tadoiisac and L'Anse St. Jean. Wednesdays and Saturdays, at 7.30 A.M., the "Union," for Ha! Ha! Bay, calling at Bale St. Paul, Les Eboolements, Murray Bay, Riviere du Loup and Tadoasac. Connecting at Quebec with the Richelieu & Ontario Navigation Company's Boats, North Shore Railway, and Grand Trunk Railway ; and at Riviere du Loup with the Intercolonial Railway for and from the Maritime Provinces and Atlantic States. Leaving Riviere du Loup : — For the Saguenay, at 5.00 P.M., same day ; and for Quebec, Wedr esdays, Thursdays and Saturdays, at 5.00 P.M., and on Sundays at 7.00 P.M. TICKETS for sale, and State-Rooms secured at the General Ticket Office, opposite the St. Louis Hotel, and at the Company's Office. For farther information enquire at the St. Lawrence Stbam Naviga- tion Co., St. Andrew's Wharf, A. GABOUEY. ' • Sfi-retary. ADVERTISEMENTS. XXI 3 Express Trains Daily, 3 (SUNDAYS EXCEPTED) BE EN -WITH- PJLLMA.N DAY AND SLEEPING CARS Leave MONTREAL 7.16 a.m., 9.00 a..m., & 6.30 p.m ARRIVING IN BOSTON at 7.80 p.m, 7.00 p.m., and 8.30 a.m. 3 Express Trains Daily, 3 (SUNDAYS EXCEPTED) BETWEEN Montreal and Ne^v York, Leave Montxeal at 7.15 am. 3.20 p.m. and 6.30 p.m., and arrive in NEW YORK 9.00 p.m- and 6.45 a.m. via Troy, and 12 Noon, via Springfield. WagnerSleeping & Drawing Room Gars through without change Passenger and Baggage Cars^ Montreal to Albany, without change. 19* He^ that jroar TICKETS read via CENTRAL YSRMOHT RR. & ST. ALBANS Tourists' and Excnrsion Tickets for sale in all the principal cities of New England and New York. Also at 186 St. James St., Montreal, A. C. Stonboravk, Can. Pass. Ag't. 260 Washington Street, Boston, T. E. Bond, Ticket Agent. 271 Broadway, New York, E. R. Coppins, " ** J W.HOBART, WM. F.SMITH. D.MoKENZIE, Oen'l S«p€ritUendent, Oen'l Pa»«'r Ajeftt, Au*t Oen'l Pa$9*r Agent, St. Albano. Vt. St. Albans, Vt. St. Aibana, Vt. ■ v 1,>K^!"'^, lOHMOMB jrSoMMaSir: / BK^IU ?P^/_-_-3-^t .4 J"" '<'A. NEWRORl Cdrantf -O J7"*'i«). P?*. .-i^'^ i, f<^ -^ isaelphii^ rih'age ' -■*•*. '^, \l fitl I ^nyan Houhp fcl ASHINQTON Xyon«^]z kin A.. *. \ .W .J Glen) S*r«V "^ JWi _^lUl6n/ N.BtniiB,Aa 8ohene4ta3v ALBA] CATSfe'd'' ^f^ l-^ / VCRNOM iGreenfleli 'A s hsi )h9Tha'm / tfo^ frt. (lawrc r< roN PM6 coiienljfiuburg, ffhih O J«V^N| •buryf 7^ J^f'^^M mrg niliki >ajib{rjr NeV^Hav^n. .^L \Tanti T I cfoviaene Jl7l8I nWIU itorfnd h*«t. 2» J> JtmOlMilfittr* af.m^»fi Map of the Central Vef^ont Railf\oad TOoMaSliC'. tsmouthi h*«<. ^iirsttrJk ai.m^t;0»mtt AILE\OAD ADVKkTISKMKXTS. yxiii f ■■• 'i'-jlijii'.;;;,' ■;,.;r,,.A;;„;.,,.-^ ••■•. *<»«apMK- A SECTION CORNER MOUND. The Land Prospector's Manual and Field-Book (illustr ted), by Capt. C. W. Allen, of Winnipeg, being the only publication which explains — with the aid of nnmeroua original dia- grams — how to locate any particular section ot land in the Canadian North-West, will be found indispensable by every one makiog an expe- dition in the Prairie region with the purpose of settling or inresting. Two useful Maps are included in the Second Edition, just published, and the Appendix contains four dozen lithographed skeleton diagrams of townships and sections for a Prospector's peisonal memoranda, while in tte field, for after use by himself and friends. Mr. Lindsay Russell, Surveyor General of Canada, expresses the follow- ing opinion of the work : — ** A very clear exposition of our system of survey, and of the Dominion Lauds Law and regulations." The price of The Land Prospector's Manual and Field Book, which will be found replete with such practical information as is required by every land hunter, is no more tlian an ordinary note book. ONLY 25 CENTS, of all Booksellers and Newsdealers, or on the Cars and Steamboats. FUBLISUERS: Toronto and Niagara Falls, Out Toronto News Company. Montreal The Montreal News Company. London, Eug The Inteniational News Company, 11 Bouverie St., (Fleet Street). N. B.— COPYRIGHT. XXIV ADVERTISEMENTS. Establlfihed 18S4. :o:- LOVBON AND PABIS, ALHO Gold Medal awarded at Dominion Exhibition, Ottawa, 1879, for Best Collection •f Furs. ■4,i'—>^ ^^w^vv^rT-- JOHN HENDERSON & GO. HATTERS & FURRIERS e — MOIVTR K Ali — a Tourists are invited to call and examine our Stock, on view during the Summer, embracing all the finest classes of RUSSIA, HUDSON'S BAT and CANADIAN FURS, All manufactured on the premises in the best manner and latest styles. English, French and Anfierican Hats of all kinds Eeceived from the Best Makers Weeklv. rw'*-4--- ' >-s; VANITY FAIR (i^lake cut.) FRAGRANT VANITY FAIR LONG (MTT. Old (3r O ll. D » (fi- ^ke cut.) SMOKING TOBACCOS. That stand unrivalled for l»lIItITY. Warranted Free flrom natiii^N or ]lle«licati.K'i I .I'.sCk 1 1'TlnN nl' Writing and Jobbing Papers, Enanielled Papers, Envelopes, MILLS AT WINDSOR, SHERBROOKE AND PORTNEUF. 374, 376, 378 St. Paul Street, Montreal. Branch" House, 11 Front SiRKirr, Toronto. *Li 1 < IF' ' SI '■ '" 1 Wu*, •i !/ '• 1 1 t t»*- f.', Li'-i lit ■: ■ w my,:\. I. P:"!/'. r f • ;l I O 8 AU-Round Routa and Paiionunlo Oiiid« ^9m^^ HTNif^ IS ulNiivj^ni roil tizi. JStT^le and ioeskity in Quebec, IX it elhribfy atuated, b|v^ tqy md sarfDiUMSed by, tlie mott diwghtfnl and lashioiiable jjiipniimlM, the Govcr- nor't Garden, the Citadel^ ^ Esplanade, the Place d'Annes, aad Durham Terrace, whkn fiurniah the iplen- did view* and magnificent scenery for whidi Quebec is so justly celebnted, and which b unsurpassed in any part of the world. The Proprietors, in returning thanks far the very lib- eral patroiKMe they have hitherto tt^jdved* inform the public that this Hotel has been thdit>u|^ renovated and embdlished, and can now aoconmiodate about joo visi- ton ; and assure them that nothing will be wanting on theirpart that williDliiiduce tethe c/omfort and enjoyment of their guests. in lisiia wmit oimf iit» Prvrut^ WILLIS Bt7SSILlH Fiealdent. ^ m nil ir a BHMn^ III im i«Bti#iiiffir fntn u^