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Since ceasing to use the book for this purpose, there has been such an unexpected demand for it on the part of contractors, architects and others, as to make it appear desirable to publish this second edition. The contents of the first edition have been thoroughly revised, and any data not applicable to the present time omitted. Upwards of seventy-five pages of new and most valuable information have been added to the present edition. It is hoped that the Hand-Book in its present form and at the reasonable price at which it is offered, will commend itselt to Canadian builders, con- tractors, architects, etc., for whose information especially it has been compiled. THE PUBLISHER. Table of Contents. sam •» *•' PAGE Act, Mechanics' Lien ... . 9-16 Act, Mechanics' Lien (to simplify) . 17-21 Act, conip(;nsation to workmen , . 22-31 Algebraic formulae .... 49 Arches, inverted 107 Arches, construction of , . . 1^7 Arches, keystones for . . . . i-i Beams and girders, notes . . . 130-31 Beams, solid built 128 Beams, white pine, safe loads . . 114 Blackboards, paint for . . . 149 Blue prints, how to ni;ike ... 99 Board measure, table of . . . 118-19 Boaid measure, converting sup. into . 126 Boiler setting 106 Boiler chinmeys, table . . . 113 Boiler chimneys, general rules ... 113 Bonding, hoop iron .... 106 Brass, weight of ... . 52 Bricks, numbei of, in walls . . . no Brick walls, thickness of . . . 109 Firick walls, exudations . . . 100 Brick walls, efllorescence on . . 113 Brick walls, safe heights anil lengtiis . 103 Brickwork, crushing strength of . 112 Builders, hints for .... 96-102 Builders' scaffold by-law, Toronto . 3-i-33 Builders' scaffold by-law, Montreal . 34 Building sites 96 Building material, wear and tear of . 62 Building terms, glossary of . . 35-43 Buttress, stability of . . . 106 Cast iron, (see Iron) Cement, I'ortland, how made . 138 Chains, weight of ... . 59 Chimneys, construction of . , loo Chimneys, sizes of boiler Chimneys, rules for brick Cisterns, capacity of cylindrical Clean, to, various substances . Compensation to workmen. Act . Copper bars, -veight of . . Copper pipeo, weight of . . . Crowds, weight of . . Cubes, tables of Drawings, to preserve Dry rot Earthwork, contents of ... . Estimating for all trades . Fire grates, notes on . . Floors, filling of cracks Floors for dancing .... Floors, strength of timber and plank Foundations, laying Foundation, beds, safe loads Girders and beams, notes Glue, to make strong Glossary of building terms . . . Gold lacquer for metals Grates, notes on fire Hints for builders . . . . Mints for painters Hints for plasterers .... Hints for plumbers . . . . Hoop iron, bonding with Hoop iron, weight of . . . Hospital wards, minimum dimensions Inverted arches .... Iron beams and girders Iron castings, examinations of . PAGE 113 . 1 1.3 98 147 . 22-31 . 59 60 131 49 100 128 ISO . 44-47 99 150 119 127 97 108 1 30-3 T 103 35-43 147 99 96-103 141-43 138-40 148-49 106 59 47 107 130-31 136 *• mm .1 Iron castings, slirinkage of Iron rails, device for cutting Iron, rules, approximate weight Iron, specification of quality Iron, strength of structural . Iron, cast, weight of Iron, cast, pipes, weight of . . Iron, cast, columns, weight of Iron, cast, beams and neutral axis Iron, cast and wrought, pillars Iron, wrought, weight of, rules Iron, wrought, flat bar, weight of Iron, wrought, pillars, formulae . Iron, wrought, pipes, weight of Iron, wrought, tubes, weight of Joints, glueing of . . ■ Keystones, tables of Lamination of stone . . Lightning conductors Lmiestone, notes Lumber measure, table of Masonry, strength of . Materials, weights of Materials, strengths of Moisture penetrating walls Painters, hints for . . . Painting and decoration, hin's for Pantiles . . . . • Paper hanging Piers, stab lity of Pigments, afte'Med by atmosphere. Pipes, cast iron, weight of Pipes, wrought iron, weight of Pipes, brass, weight of Pipes, copper, weight of Pipes, lead, weight of Plasterers, mortar Plumbers, hints for . . . etc. PAGE • 134 , 136 134 136-37 • 136 52 53-55 ■ 134 lOI 133 134 57 133 . 50 133 lOI III 108 132 107 129 104-5 50-61 , 130 99 141-43 M5-46 132 143 106 144-45 53-55 56 60 60 61 138 148-49 PAGE Resin, uses of 132 Roofs, loads on ... . 124 Sand for concrete and mortar . . 107 Sash weights, table . ... 63 Scaffold by-laws .... 32-34 Slates, number per square . . . 120 Slates, tests for ... . 150 Staircase, proportions, treads and risers 63 Staircases, putting together . . 103 Staircases, setting out, winders and newals . . . . . 102 Steel, weight of ... . 51 Steel, to remove rust from . . 134 Steel, to prescifve from rust . . 134 Stone, artificial, strength of , . 121 Stone, lamination of . . . . 108 .Stone, Limestone .... 107 Stone, preserving .... 137 Stone walls, strength of . . . 104-5 Substances, weights of . . . 48 Timber and plank floors . . . 127 Timber, properties of . . . 122 Timber, strength of . . . . 128 Tubes, wrought iron and welded . 133 Wages, tables 64-95 Walls, brick, thickness of . . . 109 Walls, brick, heigiils and lengths of 103 Walls, moisture penetrating . . 99 Walls, power to resist pressure . 98 Walls, strength of stone . . . 104-5 Walls, test for dryness of . . . 105 Wear and t'Mr of material . . 62 Weights and measures, tables of . 56-63 White pine beams, safe loads . . 114 White pine struts or posts, safe loads 117 White pine, tests of ... . 124 Wind force 49 Woods, strength of various . , 128 ! '■ ! CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. THE MECHANICS' LIEN ACT. ER Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the H Legislative Assembly of the Province of Ontario, enacts as follows : I. This Act may be cited as " The Mechanics' Lien Act." R. S. O. 1877, C. 120, S. I. IL Where the following words occur in this Act, or in t^c j^ . ^^ schedules thereto, they shall be construed in the manner here- " ^^^^^^ inafter mentioned, unless a contrary intention appears : — 1 " Contractor" shall mean a person with or employed direc- tly by the owner for the doing of work or placing or furnishing "Contractor." of machinery or materials for any of the purposes mentioned in this Act ; 2 " Sub-contractor" shall mean a person not contracting with , „ or employed directly by the owner for the purposes aforesaid, " " °"^''^'^ °'^" but contractmg with or employed by the " contractor" or under him by another " sub-contractor ;" 3. "Owner " shall extend to and include a person having any estate or interest in the lands upon or in respect of which the work is done,or materials or machinery are placed or furnished,at whose request and upon whose credit or upon whose behalf or with whose privity or consent or for whose direct benefit any such work is done, or materials or machinery placed or furnished, and all persons claiming under him, whose rights are acquired after the work in respect of which the lien is claimed is commenced, or the materials or the machinery furnished have been com- menced to be furnished. R. S. O. 1877, C. 120, S. 2. II L No agreement shall be held to deprive anyone otherwise Person not deprived entitled to a lien under this Act, and not a party to the agreement, of j'^'i^jy asieemer.t, of the beneht of the lien, but the lien shall attach, notwithstand- "" ^^^^P^'''y ing such agreement. 47 V. C. 18, S. impart. 4. Unless he signs an express agreement to the contrary, every mechanic, machinst, builder, miner, laborer, contractor or other person doing work upon, or furnishing materials to be used in, the construction, alteration or repair of any building or erection, or erecting, furnishing or placing macliinery of any kind in, upon or in connection with any building, erection or mine, ]vje(,],anics. and others shall by virtue of being so employed or furnishing, have a lien for to have liens ibr work the price of the work, machinery or materials, upon the building, 'lone, etc. erection or • ine, and the lands occupied thereby or enjoyed there- with, limited in amount to the sum justly due to the person enti- tled to the lien. R. S. O. 1877, c. 120, s. 3 ; 47 V. c. 18, s. impart. V. (i) The lien shall attach upon the estate and interest of the owner, as defined by this Act, in the building, erection or y,[!"||e,r shdrTtuc? mine upon or in respect of which the work is done or the ma- terials or machinery placed or furnished, and the land occupied thereby or enjoyed therewith. (2). In cases where the estate or interest charged by the lien is leasehold, the fee simple may also, with the consent of the owner ^j^^^ ^^^ estate thereof, be subject to said charge, provided such consent is ciiarged is lei^sehold, testified by the signature of such owner upon the claim at the i'^'e fee may he time of the registering thereof, and duly yerified. R. S. O. 1877, J^J^^;"^ '" "'^'''"' c, 1 20, s. 6, 47 V. c. 18 s. 5. lO CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. Mortgaged land. (3) In case the land upon or in respect of which any work as aforesaid is executed, or labor performed or upon which materi- als or machinery are placed is incumbered by a prior mortgage or other charge, and the selling value of the land is increased by the construction alteration or repairs of the building, or by the erection or placing of the materials or machinery, the lien under this Act shall be entitled to rank upon the mcreased value in priority to the mortgage or other charge. R. S. O. 1877, c. 120, s. 7; 4S V. c. 15, s. 13. VI. (i). Without prejudice to any lien which he may have under the preceding sections, every mechanic, laborer or or other person who performs labor for wages upon the construction, alteration or repairs of any building or erection, or in erecting or placing machinery of any kind in, upon, or in connection with, any building, erection, or mine, shall to the extent of the interest of the owner have, upon the building, erection, or mine, and the land occupied thereby and enjoyed therewith, a lien for such wages, not exceeding the wages of thiity days, or a balance equal to his wages for thirty days. (2). The lien for wag^s given by this section shall attach when the labor is in respect of a building, erection or mine belonging to the wife of the person at whose instance ihe work is done upon the estate or interest of the wife in such property, as well as upon Lien for 30 days' wages. Property affected. that of her husband. 45 Vict. c. 15, ss. 2, 3. Owner m.iy retain lo per cent, of contract price. Claim by snb- con- tractor limited. Certain payments to discharge the lien. Lien to extent of lo per cent, when a charge. VII. In all cases, the owner shall, in the absence of a stipu- lation to the contrary, be entitled to retain for a period of thirty days after the completion of the contract, ten per centum of the price to be paid to the contractor. 45 V. c. 15, s. 5. VIII. In case the lien is claimed by a sub-contractor, the amount which may be claimed in respect thereof shall be limited to the amount payable to the contractor or sub-contractor (as the case may be) for whom the work has been done, or materials or machinery have been furnished or placed. R. S. O. 1877, c. 120, s. 6. IX. — (i). All payments, up to ninety per centum of the price to be paid for the work, machinery or materials, as defined by section 4 of this Act, made in good faith by the owner to the contractor, or by the contractor to the sub-contractor, or by one sub-contractor to another sub-contractor, before notice in writing, by the person claiming the lien has been given to such owner, contractor or sub-contractor (as the case may be), of the claim of such person, shall operate as a discharge pro tanto of the lien created by this Act, but this section shall not apply to any pay- ment made for the purpose of defeating or impairing a claim to a lien existing or arising under this Act. 41 Vic. c. 17, s. i. (2). A lien shall, in addition to all other rights or remedies given by this Act, also operate as a charge to the extent of ten per centum of the price to be paid by the owner for the work, machinery or materials as defined by section 4 of this Act up to ten days after the completion of the work or of the delivery of the materials, in respect of which such lien exists, and no longer, unless notice in writing be given as herein provided. 41 V. c. 17, s. 2. (3). 4 lien for wages for thirty days, or for a balance equi^l to • -« I20, J n CANADIAN CONTRACTORS HAND-BOOK. II C. the wages for thirty days, shall, to the extent of the said ten per cent, of the price to be paid to the contractor, have priority over Pnorityofiie.i for 30 all other liens under this Act, ?.nd over any claim by the owner days' wages. against the contractor for, or in consequence of the failuie of the latter to complete his contract. 45 V. c. 15, s. 4. X. Save as herein provided, the lien shall not attach so as „ ^ ^ . , ,. 1 xi 1- 11 . .' ^i_ ui Extent of owners a- to make the owner liable to a greater sum tnan the sum payable ability, ' by the owner to the contractor. R. S. O. 1877, c. 120, S. depart; 45. V. C. 15, S. 4. XI. All persons furnishing material or doing labor for the person having a iien under this Act, in respect of the subject of such lien, who notify the owner of the premises sought to be affected thereby, within thirty days alter such material is furn- -^^^^^^^ ^^ Q^n„ of ished, or labor performed, of an unpaid account or demand claims against lien- against such lien-holder, for such material or labor, shall be en- ii^iders. titled, subject to the provisions of sections 6 and 9, payable by such owner, under said lien ; and if the owner thereupon pays the amount of such charge to the person furnishing material, and doing labor as aforesaid, such payment shall be deemed a satisfaction /r£» tanto of such lien. R. S. O. 1877, C. 120, S. 8. XII. In case of a dispute as to the validity or amount of an unpaid account or demand, of which notice is given to the owner under the preceding section, the same shall be first determined by action in the proper court in that behalf, or by arbitration, in i>isputes .-is to claims manner mentioned in section 14 at the option of the person hav- ^s^'"*" """' ^*^ ing the unpaid account or demand against the lien holder ; and pending the proceedings to determine the dispute, so much of the amount ot the lien as is in question therein may bs withheld from the person claiming the lien. R. S. O. 1877, c. 120, s. 9. XIII. In case the person primarily liable to the person giving such notice as mentioned in section 11 fails to pay the amount awarded within ten days after the award is made, the owner, contractor or sub-contractor may pay the same out of any „ ., J L 1- .. .1 ••11-11 t -1 railiiretopay amount moneys due by him to the person primarily liable as aforesaid, aw;iided. on account of the work done or materials or machinery furnished or placed in respect of which the debt arose ; and such payment if made after an award (or if made without any arbitration hav- been previously had or dispute existing, then, if the debt m fact existed and to the extent thereof,) shall operate as a discharge pro tanto of the moneys so due as aforesaid to the person pri- marily liable. R. S. O. 1877, c. 120, s. 10. XIV. (i.) In case a claim is made by a sub-contractor in.,. ... .V,' ^ 111 • .-.11 1 1 . • Disputed claims of respect of a hen to wr.ich he is entitled, and a dispute arises as sui) contractors to be to the amount due or payable in respect thereof, the same shall referred to arbitration be settled by arbitration. (2). One arbitrator shall! be appointed by the person making t^ie claim, one by the person by whom he was emploj'ed, and the Appointment of arbi- third arbitrator shall be appointed by the two so chosen. (3). The decision of the arbitrators or a majority of them shall be final and conclusive. R. S. O. 1877, c. 120, s. 18. °^''''*°" *° ^"^ ''"^'• (4). In case either of the parties interested in any such dis- pute, refuses or neglects within three days after notice in writing ^^.^^'^^^''^|,'°^pi"^'"**'"' requiring him to do so, to appoint an arbitrator, or if the arbitra- ^ g'u«"w«nwnrT-t-. • •: 12 CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. Property afTected by the lien not to be re- moved. Claim may ho regis tered. tors appointed fail to agree upon a third, the appointment may be made by a County judge of the county in which the lands in respect of which the lien is claimed are iituate. R. S. O. 1877, c. 120. s. 19. XV. During the rontinuance of a lien, no portion of the pro- perty or machinery affected thereby, shall be removed to the prejudice of the lien ; and any attempt at such removal may be restrained by application to the County Court or the Judge there- of, or the High Court respectively, according as the claim is under or over the sum of $200. R. S. O. 1877, c. 120, s. 22. XVi. (i). A claim of lien applicable to the case, may be registered in the registry division in which the land is situate, and shall state: (a). The name and residence of the claimant and of the owner of the property to be charged, and of the person for whom and upon whose credit the work is done or materials or machinery furnished, and the lime or period within which the same was, or was to be, done or furnished ; (d) The work done or materials or machinery furnished ; (t) The sum claimed as due, or to become due ; {(/) The description of the land to be charged : (e) The date of expiry of the period of credit agreed to by the lien-holder for payment for his work, materials or machinery, where credit has been given. (2). The claim may be one of the forms given in the schedule in this Act, and shall be verified by the affidavit of the claimant, AfTidavit of vcrifica- or of his agent or assignee having full knowledge of the mailers aRento7al!^ignee! ^^ required to be verified, and the affidavit of an a-cnt or assignee shall state he has such knowledge. R. S. O. 1877, c. 120, s. 4 (i, 2) ; 47 V. c. 18, ss. 2, 3. XVI I. A claim for wages may include the claims of any num- ber of mechanics, laborers, or other persons aforesaid, who may Claims for waRcs may choose to unite therein. In such case each claimant shall verify be combined. his claim by his affidavit, but need not repeat the facts set out in the claim ; and an affidavit substantially in ac».ordance with form 4 in the schedule to this Act, shall be sufficient : 45 V. c. 15, ss. 8, TO. XVIII. (i). Tha registrar, upon payment of his fee, shall register the ch'im, so that the same may appear as an incum- Registration of claims brance against the land therein described. R. S. O. 1877, c. 1 20, s. I, ; 47 V. c. 1 8, s 4, /)f(r/. (2). The fee for registration shall be twenty-five cents ; if several pers(ms join in one claim, the registrar shall have a further fee of ten cents for every person after the first. 45 V. c. 15, S. Ii. (3). The registrar shall not 'e bound to copy in any registry Mode of tc^ist^allou. book any claim or affidivit, but he shall number each claim, and lihall inse-t in the alphabetic and abstract indexes, the like particulars as in other cases ; lie may describe the nature of the instrument as "Mechanics' Lien." 45 V. c. 15, s. ii. XIX. Where a claim is so registered, the person entitled to RcKistry Act to ap- the licn shall be deemed a purchaser ^ro tunto^ and within the pj^. cv. Stat., c« piovisions of 7//^ AVi,'/.i/;y /It/, but except as herein otherwise CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. 13 S. 4 provided, The Registry Act shall not apply to any lien arising under thij Act. R. S. O. 1877, c. 120, ss. 4 (3). 26. XX. (i). Where the lien is for wages under sections 6 or 9, the claim may be registered, ia) At any time within thirty days after the last day's labor for which the wages are payable, or Time for reKistraticB When unrejilstcred lien shall cease. [b) At any time within thirty days after the completion of ^f^ijjj,„f^j,.;^j^ggj, the construction, alteration or repair of the building or erection, or after the erecting or placing of the machinery, or in towards which, respectively, the labor was performed and the wages earned, but so that the whole period shall not exceed sixty days from the last day's labor aforesaid. (2). Such Hen shall not be entitled to the benefit of the pro- visions of sections 6 .. d 9 after the said respective periods, un- less the same is duly registered before the expiration of the said periods so limited. 45 V. c. ^5, s. 6. (3). Such lien shall have the same priority for all purposes after as before registration. XXI. In other cases the claim may be registered before ^.^^^ j.^^ registering or during the progress of ^he work, or within thirty days from claim not arising un- the completion thereof, or from the supplying or placing the tiers- ^• machinery. 45 V. c. 15, s. 7. XXII. Every lien which has not been duly registered under the provisions of this Act shall absolutely cease to exist on the expiration of the time hereiiibefore limited for the registration thereof, unless in the meantime proceedings are instituted to realize the claim under the provisions of this Act, and a certifi- cate thereof (which may be granted by the Court or a Judge L ^• fore whom or in which the proceedings are instituted), is duly .registered in the registry office of the registry division wherein Ihe lands in respect of which the lien is claimed are situate. R. |>. O. 1877, c. 120, s, 20. XXIII. Every lien v/hich has been duly registered under the provision of this Act shall absolutely cease to exist after the expiration of ninety days after the work has been completed, or materials or machinery furnished, 01 wages earned, or the expiry of the period of credit, where such period is mentioned in the when n-Ristered hen claim of lien filed, unless m the meantime proceedings are insti- shall cease. tuted to realize the claim under the provisions of this Act, and a certificate thereof (which may be granted by the Court or Judge before whom or in which the proceedings are instituted), is duly registered in the registry office of the registry division rvherein the lands in respect of which the li* n is claimed are isituaie. R. S. O. 1877, c. 120, s. 21. XXIV. If there is no period of credit, or if the date of expiry of the period of credit is not stated in the claim so filed, the lien shall cease to exist upon the expiration of ninety days after the v/ hen lien to cease. »vofk 'las been completed or materials or machinery furnished, unless in the meantime proceedings shall have been instituted pursuant to section 23 of this Act. 47 V. c. 18, s. 2. XXV. In the event of the death of a lien-holder, his right of lien shall pass to his personal representatives ; and the right ofpeath f.f Hen-holder. a lien-holder may he assigned by any instrun^ent in writing. R. S. O. 1877, *^- '-o» s. 16. '''^WS^-^ 14 CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. Discharge of liens. Cost of registering discharge. Enforcement of lien in a Livision Court. Enforcing lien in High Court. Action hy lien-holiler •o lie for joint benefit. Prosprntion of claim when iiliiinliflT dies, to. Time when sale may he made. The Cntirt may onler •ale. XXVI. A lien may be discharged by a receipt signed by the claimant, or his agent, duly authorized in writing, acknowledg- ing payment, and verified by affidavit and filed ; such receipt shall be numbered and entered by the registrar like other instruments, but ne'^-d not be copied in any jook ; the fees shall be the same as for registermg a claim or lien. 45 V. ■:. I5» s. 13 : 47 V. c. 18, s. 4. XXVII. Where there is a contract for the execution of the work, as hereinbefore mentioned, the registration of all dis- charges of liens shall be at] the cost of the contractor, unless a court or judge otherwise orders. 45 V. c. 15, s. 16 ; 47 V. c. 18, s. 4. XXVIII. (i) Where the amount of the claims in respect of any lien is within the jurisdiction of the Countv or Division Courts respectively, prceedings to recover the san^e, according to the usual procedure of the said court by judgment and exe- cution, may be taken in the proper Division Court or in the County Court of the County in which the land charged is situate; or proceedings may be taken before the judge of the said courts, who may proceed in a summary manner by summons and order, and may take accounts and make requisite enquiries, and in default of payment may direct the sals of the estate and interest charged, and such further proceedings may be taken as the judge directs. (2). Any conveyance under the seal of the County Court Judge shall be effectual to pass the estate or interest sold. (3). The fees and costs in all proceedings taken under this section shall be such as are payable in respect of the like or simil.ir matters according to the ordinary procedure of the said courts respectively. R. S. O. 1877, c. 120, s. 12. XXIX. In cases other than those specified in the preceding section the lien may b" realized in the High Court, according to the ordinary procedure of that court. R. S. O. 1877, c. 120, s. 13. XXX. (i) Any number of lien-holders may join in one action, and any action brought by a lien- holder shall be taken to be brought on behalf of ail the lien-holders of the same class who shall have registered their liens before or within 30 days after the commencement of the action, or who shall within the said 30 days file in the proper office of the court from which the writ issued a statement entitled in or referring to the Laid action, of their respective claims. (2). In the event of the death of the plaintiff, or his refusal or neglect to proceed, any other lien-holder of the same class who has registered his lien or filed his claim in the manner and with- in the time above limited for that purpose, may be allowed to prosecute the action on such terms as may be deemed just and reasonable. 47 V. c. 18, s. 6. (3). In case of a sale of the estate and interest charged with the lien, the court or judge may direct the sale to take place at any time after one month from the recovery of judgment, .uid it shall not be necessary to delay the sale for 1 longer period than is requisite to give a reast)nal)le notice thereof. (4). The said court or judge may also direct the sale of any macliinery and authorize its removal. R. S. O. 1877, c. 120, s. 14. re I at $: CANADIAN CONTRACTOR'S HAND-BOOK. 15 at an- or (5). Where judgment is given in favor of a lien, the court or judge may add to the judgment the costs of and incidental to costs. registering the lien as well as the costs of the action. 45 V. c. 15, s. 14.^ (6). Where there are several liens under this Act against the same property, each class of the lien-holders shall, subject to the provisions of sections 5, 9 and 11, xa^cik pari passu for their sev- Several liens, oral amounts, and the proceeds at any sale shall, subject as aforesaid, be distributed amongst them pro rata^ according to their several classes and rights, and they shall respectively be entitled to execution for any balance due to them respectively after said distribution. R. S. O. 1877, c. 120, s. 17. (7). Upon application to the County Court, in claims under $200, and to the High Court in other cases, the court or judge f^^fJJ'yf";?^;'^^'^"" may receive security or payment into court in lieu of the amount of the claim, and may thereupon vacate the registry of the lien. (8). The court or judge may annul the said registry upon any Registry may be other ground. R. S. O. 1877, c. 120, s. 23. nulled. (9). In any of the said cases mentioned in sub sections 7 and 8, the court or judge may proceed to hear and determine the matter of the said lien, and make such order as seems just, and „. , , , . ^, 1 • • 1 -11 1 !• 1 Wrongful claim or m case the person claiming to be entitled to such hen has refusiU to discharge wrongfully relused to sign a discharge thereof, or without just costs. cause claims a larger sum than is found by such court or judge to be due, the court or judge may order and adjudge him to pay costs to the other party. R. S. O. 1877, c. 120, s. 24 ; 47 V. c. 18, s. 7. XXXI. Where any mechanic, artiran, machinist, builder, miner, contractor or other person, had furnished or procured materials for use in the construction, altif^ration or repair of any building, erection or mine, at the reouest of and for some other ^'^«" ^'}<= materials "' , .1111 , ' 1 • . . ^1 used m the construc- person, such materials shall not be subject to execution or other ti„„ of buildings aie process, to enforce any debt (other than the purchase thereof) not to be subject to due by the person furnishing or procuring such materials, and «"'^"i>o"S' whether the same have or have not been in whole or in part worked into or made part of such building or erection. R. S. O. 1877, r. 120, s. 25. XXXII. (i) Every mechanic or other person who has be- stowed money or skill and materials upon any chattel or thing Jn the alteration and improvement in its properties or for the purpose of imparting an addition. 1 value to it so as thereby to be entitled to a lien upon such chattel or thing for the amount or value of the money or skill and materials bestowedv shall, while .such lien exists but not afterwards, in case the amount to which he is eiit'tled remains unpaid tor three months after the same ought to have been paid, have the right in addition to fj,'^,^'^\^^^l^^^ hII other remedies provided by law to sell the chattel or thing in sell the chattieif (after respect of which the lien exists, on giving one week's notice by ibree '"^"'^'^^de*'"*" advertisement in a newspaper published in the municipality in'"*" which the work was done, or in case there is no newspaper published in such municipality, then in a newspaper published nearest thereto, stating the name of the person indebted, the amount of the debt, a description of the chattel or thing to he sold, the time and place of sale, and the name of the auctioneer, 16 _ ___CANAD^^ HAND-noOK. ?:sMltifV^^)%n^^^^^^ ^^^ last orkno";:;;7i^of cipality. ^^ '^"^'' '^ ^^ ^^ ^ resident of such muni- AppHcation of p- of t^ salet paymem Proceeds cecdsofsaie. of advertising .mTsaleLcAwr^' "^"^ ^? ^'."^ ^"^ ^he costs surplus to thf persofeSed'l'i'iX" T'v'c' i7,Ps^^3.^^" ^"^ p:rrata. "office onii";e'J^;:,;.T'elr '■ """ ""^"^ "'" '"^ -Sistry" insert the words ■Sec. XIX, last line, page 13, add "47 V, c. 18, s s -.3" chr;™37followi:™' ' °' ^'="'°" 3° of 'his act is a.nended ; see section 3, „f WW CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. 17 AN ACT TO SIMPLIFY THE PROCEDURE FOR ENFORCING MECHANICS' LIENS. (Assented to 7th April, rSgo.J HER Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Ontano, enacts as follows I. Any person claiming a mechanics' hen may enforce the Procedure for en- forcing liens. same by means of the proceedings hereinafter set forth. 2. Without issuing a writ of summons or taking any other preliminary proceeding, the plaintiff may file a statement of statement of claim claim in the office of a master or official referee having- jurisdic- to be filed. tion in the county wherein the lands in question are situate. 3. Such statement of claim shall be verified by affidavit. Upon . j^ , • the filing of such statement of claim and affidavit, the master or dainfand cmificate referee shall issue a certificate in duplicate of the fihng of the of filing, same. 4. Upon the registration of such certificate in the proper registry office, or lands titles office, the action shall be deemed Registration of cer- to have been commenced as against the owner and all other tificate. necessary parties to the action. 5. The master or referee shall also, in and by such certificate, appoint a time and place at which he will inquire into the claim Certificate to name of the plaintiff and take all necessary accounts ; such certificate time and place for and appointment shall be issued in duplicate and may be in the taking account*, form set forth in the schedule hereto. 6. A copy of such certificate and appointment shall be served Service of copy of on the owner and all other proper parties at least ten days before certificate and ap- the day therein named for taking the first proceeding thereunder, po'nfnent. 7. Within ten days after the service of such certificate and appointment, any person served therewith may file a notice dis- puting the plaintiff's right to a lien. 8. In case a notice disputing the plaintiff's hen is filed, the master or referee shall, before taking any further proceeding, Determination of the determine the question raised by the notice, or may adjourn the notice."" ^^ "^ question before a judge in chambers, and if so required by any parties may thereupon issue a certificate of his finding. 9. Hut if not required to issue such last named certificate, it shall suffice for the master or referee to enter in his book a note master.°'^ fintlmg of of his finding. 10. Where no notice disputing the plaintiffs lien is filed as aforesaid, and the proceedings are instituted by a sub-contractor, the owner is to file in the office of the master or referee a state- where claim not dis. ment of account showing what, if anything, he admits to be due, puted, owner to fiie for the satisfaction of the plaintiff's lien and all other Hens of the •^^it.r'oHiwTr.'' I 1 1 • • nX ,. . • 1 />« 1 " anyi admitted to same class as the plamliffs. Such statement is to be filed at be due. least four days before the day named in the certificate mentioned in section $ for taking accounts, and in case the owner shall not iile such statement, or shall file an untrue statement, he may be Notice disputing claim. i8 CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. H at 1 ai of ' 1 ce Other lien holders to ^m file accounts. ^d F ov in 1 tit sh Lien holder not filinjj his claim m.iy apply to be let in. ordered by the master or referee to pay all costs incurred in establishing the true amount due and owing from him. 11. All lienholdc.s of the same class served with the appoint- ment or who may claim to be entitled to the benefit of the action, shall also within four days named in the appointment for taking the accounts, or withm such further time as the master or referee may allow, file in the office of the master or referee a statement of account showing the just and true sum due to them respectively, after giving credit for all sums in cash, merchan- dise, or otherwise, to which the debtor is entitled to credit on account of their respective claims, which accounts shall be veri- fied by affidavit, and such accounts and affidavit may be in the form mentioned in the schedule hereto. 12. A lien-holder who has not filed his claim within the time limited by the next preceding section may apply to the master or referee to be let in to prove his claim at any time before the amount realized by the proceedings for the satisfaction of liens has been distributed, and such application may be granted or refused, and upon such terms as to costs and otherwise as may appear just. 13. Upon the return of the appointment to take accounts, the master or referee shall proceed to take an account of what is due from the owner, and also hat is due to the respective lien- holders and incumbrancers who have filed their claims, and shall also tax to them respectively such costs as he may find them entitled to, and shall settle their priorities and shall make all other inquiries and take all other necessary accounts for the ad- justment of the rights of the various parties, including therein where there is a prior mortgage or charge, and the holder thereof is a party to the proceedings, the amount by which it shall appear to the master or referee that the selling value of land has been increased by reason of the work or materials for which a lien is claimed on the land, and shall thereupon make a report of the result of such inquiries and accounts, and shall direct that the money found due by the owner shall be paid into court, to the credit of the action at the expiration of one month from the date of the report. 14. In case any dispute arises as to the amount due from the owner for the satisfaction of the mechanics liens, or as to the amount claimed to be due, to any lien-holder or incumbrancer, the costs occasioned by the dispute shall be in the discretion of the master or referee and shall be borne and paid as he directs. 15. It nothing is found due by the owner, the master or referee may make an order, staying all further proceedings, and make such order as to costs as shall be just, and at the expiration of fourteen days thereafter may grant a certificate, vacating the lien ot the plainliflfand all other liens of the same class as the plain- tiffs, unless the issue of the certificate shall in the meantime be ::tayed, and if such stay is granted, the certificate may issue forthwith after the removal of the stay, or so soon thereafter as the fourteen days shall expire. 16. When anything is found due by the owner, he may on or Master to take ac- counts, etc., and re- port. Costs to be in dis- cretion of master. Procedure where nothing found to he due from owner. • i CANADIAN contractor's HAND-HOOK. '9 le in dis- iaster. ^S at any time before the day appointed for payment, pay the amount found due by him into court, and thereupon, upon proof of such payment, the master or refpree may ^vant ex par L\ a. certificate in the form in the schedule vacating the liens of the plaintiff and all other liens of the same class as the plaintiff's. 17. The master or referee may make such order as to the owner^s costs of obtaining and registering any certificate vacat- ing a lien as may be just. 18. Upon the registration in the proper registry office or land titles office of a certificate vacating any lien or liens the same shall be thereupon vacated and discharged. 19. Upon payment into court of the amount which may be found due by owner the same shall (subject to the payment of any costs thereout as may be ordered) be paid out to the parties found entitled by the report of the master or referee. 20. In default of payment by owner within the time directed by the report, the plaintiff may apply £X parte^ to the said mas- ter or referee who, upon due proof of the default may issue a judgment for the sale of the land in question for the satisfaction of the lien of the plaintiff and other liens of the same class. 21. The judgment for sale may be in the form set forth in the schedule. 22. Such judgment for sale shall be entered as other judg- ments are required to be entered in the proper office for enter- ing judgments in the county in which the judgment is m;ide, and shall have the same force and effect as a judgment made at a trial of an action between the same parties. 23. The sale under said judgment shall be conducted in the manner prescribed by the Consolidated Rules, respecting sales had under the order of the court. 24. After the sale the master or referee shall make his report upon the sale, and shall tax the costs of the sale to the party en- titled thereto, and shall in the same report apportion the money realized among the parties entitled thereto, and upon the confir- mation of the report, the moneys realized may be paid out of court to the parties found entitled thereto by the report, without iurther order. 25. For the purpose of the proceedings to obtain an order for sale and for carrymg out the sale, and the apportionment of the moneys realized thereunder the plaintiff shall be deemed suffi- ciently to represent all other lien-holders entitled to the benefit of the action unless the court or master or referee otherwise orders. 26. Any lien-holder entitled to the benefit of the action may apply for the carriage of the proceedings, and the master or referee may thereupon make such order, as to costs and other- wise as may be just, and any lien-holder who obtains the car- riage of the proceedings shall in respect of all proceedings taken by him be deemed to be the plaintiff in the action. 27. Any person affected by the proceedings may apply to the aster or referee to dismiss the same for want of due prosecu- 3n and the master or referee may make such order upon the application as to costs or otherwise as may be just. Payment of amount found due into court. Owner's costs where lien vacated. Registration of cer- tificate vacating lien. Distribution of amount paid in by owner. Judgment for sale of land on default o( owner. Form of judgment. Entry of judgment. Conduct of sale. Master to make re- port on sale and tax costs. Plaintiff to represent lien holders m pro- ceedings for sale. Carriage of pro- ceedings. Dismissal of proceed- ings for want of pro* secution. 20 CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. 28. Where any infants are named for defendants the appoint- ment referred to in section 5 may be served upon the official guardian ad litem for such infants, who shall thereupon become and be the guardian ad litem for such infant in the proceedings ; and it shall not be necessary to serve any such infant defendant with any further or other proceedings and such infant shall be bound thereby. 29. Where the taxed cost of proceedings to enforce any mechanic's lien which are payable out of the amount realized by such proceedings for the satisfaction of the lien shall exceed 25 per cent, of the amount realized thereby for the satisfaction of the lien such costs shall be reduced proportionately by the mas- ter or referee so as the same shall not in the aggregate exceed the same 25 per cent, and no moie costs than such reduced amount shall be recoverable between the party and party, or solicitor and client. 30. After the amount of lien shall be realized any lien-holder who has proved a claim may apply to the said master or referee upon notice to his primary debtor for judgment for the payment of any balance which may remain due after deducting the amount received or payable in respect of the lien, and thereupon the master or referee may refuse the application upon such terms as to costs or otherwise as may be just or in case he sees fit to grant the application he shall grant a certificate of the amount, for which he finds the applic int is entitled tc judgment for debt and costs. 31. Such certificate may be filed in the proper office of the High Court for the entry of judgments if the amount awarded exceeds the sum of $400 and the same shall thereupon be entered in the judgment book, and shall thereupon become a judgment of the High Court and may be enforced in like manner as any other judgment for the payment of money is enforced in the High Court. 32. Where the amount awarded by the certificate is less than $400 but exceeds $100 such certificate may in like manner be entered in the County Court ot the County in which the said proceedings are carried on and may be enforced in like manner as a judgment of such court. 33. Where the amount awarded does not exceed $100 the cer- tificate may be entered with the clerk of the Division Court of the division i;i which the debtor resides in like manner, as a judgment of such court is entered and thereupon the same shall become and be, a judgment of such court and may be enforced in like manner as any other judgment of such Division Court. 34. The fees payable for entering such certificate as a judg- ment shall be as follows : In the High Court, $1.60 In the County Court .80 In the Division Court .50. 35. Orders and certificates made by a referee or master under the Act shall be appealable in like manner as orders made in Chambers by a local judge. r ; Official guardian to be served for infants. ■ jurl , Col ;; pr. Wm SO ami 9S Costs not to exceed 25 per cent, of the amount realized. Judgment for bal- ance of the realizing amount of lien. When judgment to be entered in High Court. And when in County Court. And when in Division Court. Fees for entering certificates Appeals. « ■:::■-•- j^rJ'Mik',"'g^.^',--">.< -;'r»aji?Uryr;.j- ^j-jii'':''J~iri^t.A.-:w^y.^ CANADIAN CONTRACTOR'S HAND-BOOK. 21 I guardian to ed for infants. lot to exceed cent, of the realized. nt for bal- the realizing of lien. idgment to ed in High ti » in County 36. This Act shall not in any way affect, alter, or diminish the jurisdiction or proceedure of the County Courts or Division Courts for enforcing mechanics' liens in a summary manner, as provided by the 28th section of the Mechanics' Lien Act save in so far as sub-section i of section 30 of the said Act is hereby amended. 37. Where an action to enforce a mechanic's lien is brought and prosecuted in the High Court ot Justice, otherwise than in the manner prescribed by this Act, no more costs shall be taxed or allowed to the plaintiff than would be incurred by proceeding- in the manner prescribed by this Act unless the court or judge otherwise orders. 38. The proceedings under this Act shall be dee...ed to be an ■ action." 39. Sub-section i of section 30 of the Mechanics' Lien Act is amended so as to read as follows : — 30. — (i). Any number of lien-holders may join in one action or summary proceeding, and any action or summary proceeding brought by a lien-holder shall be taken to be brought on behalf of all the lienholders of the same class who shall have registered their liens before or within fourteen days after the commence- ment of the action, or who shall within the said fourteen days or within such further time as may be allowed for that purpose file |in the proper office of the court where the pleadings are required Ito be filed (where the action has been commenced by writ) or in fthe office where the proceedings are being carried on (where rthey are being prosecuted in a summary manner) a statement entitled in, or referring to the said action of their respective claims. 40. This Act shall be read as part of the Mechanics' Lien Act subject to the provisions of this Act. Note.— The various forms of affidavits and notices, etc., are to be found in Chapter ^7, p. y^. Statutes of Ontario, 53rd Victoria, 1890. Act not to affect summary enforce- ment of mechanics' liens. Co^'S wheie action improperly brought in High Court. Proceeding under Act to be deemed an action. Rev. Stat. c. 129, s. 30 (i) amended. Action by one of several lien holders to be for joint benefit. Act incorporated with Rev. sitat. c. 126. in Division entering \ \ i 1 i j 22 CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. th vvl '1 vi( of by of Short title. I of Interpretation. 1 SIJ, tr; " Superintendence," meaning of. pe tit "Employer." "Workman." An Act to Consolidate the Acts Respecting^ Com- pensation to Workmen in Certain Cases. [SS ^•> ^- JO'] [Assented to 14th April, iSg2.'\ 1_T ER Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the X Legislative Assembly of the Province of Ontario, enacts as follows : — 1. This Act may be known and cited as "The Workman's Compensation for injuries Act, 1892." 2. Where the following words occur in this Act they shall be construed in the manner hereinafter mentioned, unless a con- trary intention appears : (a) "Superintendence" shall be construed as meaninfj such general superintendence over workmen as is exercised by a foreman, or person in a like position to a foreman, whether the pel son exercising the superintendence is or is not ordinarily engaged in manual labour. 52 V., c. 23, s. 2 (3). (b) "Employer" shall include a body of persons corporate or unincorporate,alsothelegal personal representatives of a deceased employer and the person liable to pay compensation under section 4 of this Act. R. S. O. 1887, c. 141, s. 2 (2), 52 V., c. 23, s. 2 (4). (c) " Workman " does not include a domestic or menial ser- vant, but, save as aforesaid, means any railway servant and any person who being a laborer, servant in husbandry, journeyman, artificer, handicraftsman, miner, or otherwise engaged in man- ual labour, whether under the ag;e of twenty-one years, or above that age, has entered into or works under a contract, with an employer, whether the contract be made before or after the pass- ing of this Act, be express or implied, oral or in writing and be a contract of service or a contract personally to execute any work or labour. (d) " Packing " shall mean a packing of wood or metal or some ecjually subsiantial or solid material, of not less than two inches in thickness, and which, when filled in, shall extend to within one and a half inches of the crown of the rails in use on any railway, shall be neatly fitted so as to come against the web of such rails and shall be well and solidly fastened to the ties on which such rails are laid. R. S. O. 1887, c. 41, s. 2 (3-4). (e) " Railway servant " shall mean and include a railway ser- vant, tramway servant and street railway servant. R. S. O. 1887, c. 141, s. 2, ; 52 V. c. 23, s. 2. 3. Where personal injury is caused to a workman : (a) By reason of any defect in the condition or arrangement of the ways, works, machinery, plant, buildings or premises, connected with, intended for, or used in the business of the em- ployer : or (b) By reason of the negligence of any person in the service of the employer, who has any superintendence entrusted to him whilst in the exercise of such superintendence : or (c) By reason of the negligence of any person, in the service of the employer, to whose orders or directions the workman at I " Packing." " Railway Servant. Where workman to have claim against employer. ^m0 I.AINAD1AN contractor's HAND-KOOK. 23 tation. ntendence," of. yer. mn. Servant. )rkman to 11 against the time of the injury was bound to conform, and did conform, where such inju*-y resulted from his having so conformed : or (d) By reason of the act or omission of any person in the ser- vice of the employer, done or made in obedience to the by-laws of the employer or in obedience to particular instructions given by the employer, or by any person delegated with the authority of the employer in that behalf: or (e) Vty reason of the negligence of any person in the service of the employer who has the charge or control of any points, signal, locomotive, engine, machine, or train upon a railway, tramway, or street railway. The workman, or m case the injury results in death, the legal personal representatives of the workman and any persons en- titled in case of death shall have the same right to compensation and remedies against the employer as if the workman had not been a workman of nor in the service of the employer, nor en- gaged in his work. R. S. O. 1887, c. 141, s. 3 ; 52 V. c. 23, ss. 3, 4, 5- 4. (i) Where the execution of any work is being carried into Employer, who to be effect under any contract, and deemed. ( (i) The person for whom the work or any part thereof, is done, owns, or supplies any ways, worlcs, machinery, plant, build- ings, or premises used for the purpose of executing the work, and : (/?) By reason of any defect in the condition or arrangements of such ways, works, machinery, plant, buildings or premises, personal injury is caused to any workman, employed by the con- tractor or by any sub-contractor : or (c) Tho defect, or failure to discover the defect or remedy the defect arose from the negligence ot the person for whom the work or any part thereof is being done, or of some person being in his service and entrusted by him with the duty, of seeing, that such condition or management is proper : The person for whom the work or that part of the work is done shall be liable to pay compensation for the injury as if the work- man had been employed by him, and for that purpose shall be deemed to be the employer of the workman, within the meaning of this Act. Provided, always, that any such contractor or sub- contractor shall be liable to pay compensation for the injury as if this section had not been enacted, so however that double compensation shall not be recoverable for the same injury. (2) Nothing in this section contained shall affect any rights or liabilities of the person for whom the work is done and the con- tractor and sub-contractor (if any) as between themselves. 52 V. c. 23, s. 6. 5. Wheie within this province personal injury is caused to a workman employed on or about any lailway : (a) By reason of the lower beams or members of the super- structure of any highway or other overhead bridge, or any other erection or structure over said railway not being of suflficient height from the surface of the rails to admit of an open and clear headway of at least seven feet between the top of the Injuries by railways. I i 24 CANADIAN contractor's HAND-ROOK. ;? highest freight cars then running on such railway and the bot- tom of such lower beams or members : or (b) By reason of the space between the rails m any railway frog, extending from the point of such frog backward to where the heads of such rails are not less than five inches apart, not being filled in with pac'cing : or (c) By reason of the space between any wing rail and any railway frog and between any guard rail and any other rail fixed and used alongside thereof as aforesaid and between all wing rails where no other rail intervenes (save only when the space between the heads of any such wing rail and railway frog as aforesaid, or between the heads of any such guard rail and any other rail fixed and used alongside thereof as aforesaid, or be- tween the heads of any such wing rails where no other rail inter- venes as aforesaid is either less than one and three-quarters of an inch or more than five inches in width) not being at all times during the month of April, May, June, July, August, September, and October, filled in with packing. . Such injury shall be deemed and taken to have been caused by reason of a defect within the meaning of sub-section i of sec- tion 3 of this Act. But nothing in this section contained shall be taken or construed, as in any respect or fo*- any purpose re- stricting the meaning of said sub-section. R. S. O. 1887, c. 141, s. 4. 6. A workman shall not be entitled under this Act to any right Exceptions to pre- of compensation or remedy against the employer in any of the ceding provisions, following cases, that is to say (^a^ Under sub-section I of section 3, unless the detect therein mentioned arose from or had not been discovered or remedied owing to the negligence of the employer or of some person en- >" trusted by him with the duty, of seeing that the condition or arrangement of ways, works, machinery, plant, buildings or premises are proper. R. S. O. 1887, c. 141, s. 5, (i) ; 52 V. c. 23 « s. 8. (b) Under sub-section 4 of section 3, unless the injury re- . , ;* ;^} suited from i? jropriety or defect in the rules, by-laws, orinstruc- ' ^ I tions there!-, cntioned ; provided, that where a -ule or by-law . has been ap^rov^d or has been accepted as a proper rule or by- :> law either by the Lieutenant Governor in Council or under and • : pursuant to any provision in that behalf of any Act, of the Legis- lature of Ontario or of the Parliament of Canada it shall not be deemed for the purposes of this Act to be an improper or defec- . :. tive rule or by-law. R. S. O. 1887, c. 141, s. 5, (2). (c) In any case where the workman knew of the defect or negligence which caused his injury or failed without reasonable excuse to give or cause to be given, within a reasonable time in- formation to the employer or some person superior to himself in the service of the employer, unless he was aware that the em- ployer, or such superior already knew of the said defect or negli- gence. Provided however that such workman shall not by reason only, of his continuing in the employment of the employer with knowledge of the defect, negligence, act, or omission, which caused his injuiy, be deemed to have voluntarily incurred the ris 7, sh.' len th yer of CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. 25 risk of the injury. R. S. O. 1887, c. 141,5. 5, (3) 52 V. c. 23, s. s. 7, 9- 7. The amount of compensation recoverable under this Act, ^j^it of amount of shall not exceed either such sum as may be found to be equiva- compensation. lent to the estimated earninj^s durinj^ the three years preceeding the injury of a person in the same gr.ide employed durinjj those years in the like employment, within this Province, or the sum of fifteen hundred dollars, whichever is lar<,'^er : and such com- pensation shall not be subject to any deduction, or abatement, by reason, or on account, or in respect of any matter or thing whatsoever, save such as is specially provided for in section 12 of this Act. R. S. O. 1887, c. 141, s. 6 ; 52 V. c. 23, s. 10. 8. When In any action under this Act compensation is awarded Distribution of com- in the case of the death of a workman, for an injury sustained by pen.,ation. him in the course of his employment, the amount recovered after deducting the costs, not recovered from the defendant may, if the Court or Judge before whom the action is tried so directs, be divided between the wife, husband, parent, and child of the deceased in such shares as the Court or Judge with or without assessors, as the case may be, or, if the action is tried by a jury, as the jury may determine. 52 V. c. 23, s. 14. 9. An action for the recovery under this Act of Compensation Limit . f time for re- for an injury shall not be maintainable against the employer of H^-^J^ '^^ compen- the workman, unless notice that injury has been sustained is given within twelve weeks and the action is commenced within six months from the occurrence of the accident causing the in- jury, or in case of death, within twelve months from the time of death ; provided always that in case of death the want of such notice shall be no bar to the maintainance of such action if the Judge shall be of opinion that there was reasonable excuse for such want of notice. R. S. O. 1887, c. 141, s. 7 ; 52 V. c. 23, s. II. 10. No contract or agreement made or entered into by a work man when to consti- man shall be a bar or constitute any defence to an action for the tute a defence to recovery under this Act, of compensation for any injury. sation ^°^ '^o"^?^"- (a) Unless for such workman entering into or making such contract or agreement, there was other consideration than that of his bemg taken into or continued in the employment of the defendant; nor ((^) Unless such other consideration was in the opinion of the Court or Judge before whom such action is tried ample and ad- equate ; nor (c) Unless in the opinion of the Court or Judge, such contract or agreement, in view of such other consideration was not on the part of the workman, improvident, but was just and reasonable ; And the burthen of proof in respect of such other consideration — and of same being ample and adequate, as aforesaid, and that the contract was just and reasonable, and was not improvident as aforesaid, shall, in all cases rest upon the defendant ; provided always that notwithstanding anything m this section contained, no contract or agreement whatsoever made, or entered into by a workman shall be a bar or constitute any defence to an action 26 CANADIAN contractor's HAND-P.OOK. n I l! I for recovery under this Act, of compensation for any injury hap- pening^, or caused by reason of any of the matters mentioned in section 5 of this Act. R. h\ O. 1887, c. 141, s. 8. , 11. Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, an action Liability of personal under ?ections 3, 4 or 5 shall he against the legal representatives representative. of the deceased employer. 52 V. c. 23, s. 15. 12. There shall be deducted from any compensation awarded Money payable un- to any workman, or represent, itives of any workman, or persons 'J|;J'i„c'|ed"fIon.*'^om^ claiming by, under or through a workman in respi-d of any cause pensation. of action arising under this Act, any penalty or damages or part of a penalty or damages, which may in pursuance of any other Act, either of the I'arliament of Canada, or the Legislat'ive of Ontario, have been paid to such workman, representatives or persons m respect of the same cause of action ; and where an action has been brought under this Act by any workman or the representatives of any workn^an or any persons claiming by, under or through, such workman, for compensation in respect of any cause of action arising under this Act, and payment has not previously been made of any penalty or damages or part of a penalty or damages, under any such Act either of the said I'arlia- ment, or of the said Legislature, in ros])ect of the same cause of action such workman, representatives or persons shall not so far as the said Legislature has jiower to enact, be entitled thereafter to receive in respect of the same cause of ;iction any such pen- alty or damages or i)art of a penalty or damages under any such last mentioned Act. R. S. O. 1887, c. 141, s. 9. 13. (a). Noticj in respect of an injury under this Act shall Form a-id service of give the name and address of the person injured and shall state "^''^^ ^^ mjury. in ordinary language the cause of the injury, and the date at which it was sustained and shall be served on the employer, or jf there is more than one employer, upon one of such employers. (/>) The notice m.iy be served by delivering the same to or at the residence or place of business of the person on whom it is to be served. (c) The notice may be served by post, by a registered letter addressed to the person on whom it is to be served at his last known place of residence or place of business and if serxcd by pos'. shall be deemed to have been served at the time when a letter containing the same would be delivered in the ordinary ourse of post, and in proving the service of such notice it sh;)ll be sufTicient to prove that such notice was properly addressed and registered. ((/) Where the cm|)loyer is a body of persons corporate or unincorporate the notice hall be served by delivering the same at or by sending it by i)»»,>.t, in a registered letter addiessed to the otiicc or if there be Piiore than one office, any onr, of the offices of such body. R. S. O. 1887, c. 141, s. 10. (1-4). (e) The want of sufficiency of the notice required by this sec- tion or by section 9 of this Act shall not be a bar to the main- tainaiue of an action for the recovery of compensation for the injury if the Court or Judge before whom such action is tried or in case of appeal, if the Court hearing the appeal is of opinion tfiitl anil (iefcl (J the r rl of (/] sustl CANADIAN contractor's HAND-ROOK. 27 ty Of personal Jiitative. payable un- iiialty to be -'d fioiii com- on. service of injury. i;it there was reasonable excuse for the want or insufficiency and that tlie defendant has not been thereby prejudiced in his <|efence. 52 V. c. 23, s. 12. v; (/) A notice under tnis section shall be deemed sufficient if in ^e 101 ni or to the effect following : — '; To A. B. of {/if re insert cviployer\s ndiiress) or To the •| Company {or as tlie case may be). I Take notice that on the day 189 C, 1). ^{ {inse} f address of in jm ed i)erson) a workman in your oriipioy Sustained personal injury {add., of which hj died, if sucJi he lite iase), and that such injury was caused by {s/aie shortly tlie cause of injury c. i^. the fall of a beam). Date. Yours, etc., X. Y. R. S. O. 1887, c. 141, s. 10. (6). 14. If the defendant in any action agamst an em[)loycr for Defenre of want ..f f ompensation for an injury sustained by a workman in the couise "^^'''^«i* of his em])loymcnt intends to rely for a defence on the want of notice or the insufiK iency of notice or on the ground that he was not the employer of the workman injured, he shall, not less than seven days before the hearing of the action or such other time as may be fixed by the rules, regul.iting the practice of the Court m which the action is brought, give notice to the plaintiff of his intention to rely on that defence, and the Court may in its dis- cretion and upon such terms and conditions as may be just in diat behalf, older and allow an adjournment of the case for the |)ur|)ose of enabling such notice to be given ; and subject to any such terms and conditions any notice given pursuant to and in compliance with the order in that bchi'.f shall, as to any such action and for all jjurposes thereof be held to be a notice given pursuant to and in conformity with sections 9 .and 13 of this Act. 52 V. c. 23, s. 13. 15. In in action brouijht under this Act, the particulars of dc- Particulars of de- mand or statement of ( laim shall state m ordinary language """nd- tlu> cause of the injury and the date at which it was sustained, and the amount of compensation claimed ; and wiiere the action is brought by more than one plaintiff the amount of compensa- |tion clain\cd by each plaintiff, ami where the injury of which tiie )laintiff comnlains shall have arisen by reason of the negligence, let, or omission of any person in the service of the defendant, ihe parti, uiars shall give the name and description of such per- jon. K. S Q. 1887, c. 141, s. II. 16. (a). Upon the trial for the recovery of compensation Appointnuni of As- inder this Act before a Judge without a jury, one or more as- lessors may be apjjomted by the Court or Judge for the purpose )f ascertaining the amount of compensation and the rennincia- tion (if any) to be paid to such assessors shall be fixed and de- lermined by the Judge at the trial. {b). Any person who shall as hereinafter piovidcd, be ap- )oinled to act us an assessor, shall be qualified so to act. (.) In such action a parly who desires assessors to i^e ap- )ointed, shall, ten clear days at least before the day for liokling sessoi %. 28 CANADIAN CONTRACTOR'S HAND-BOOK. the Court, at which the action is to be tried, file an appHcation statinjf the numbci of assessors he proposes to be appointed, and the names, addresses, and of the persons who may have ex- pressed their wilhngness in writing to act as assessors. If the apphcant has obtained the consent of the other party, to the per- sons named being appointed, he shall file such consent with his application. {(i) Where the application for the appointment of assessors has been made by one party co the action only, he shall, eight clear days before the day for holding the Couil at which the action is to be tried, serve a copy of the application so filed upon the other party who may then either file an application for assessors or file objections to one or more of the persons proposed. (u« h of the persons pro|.H)scd for assessors as l)y the Court or Judge may be deemed fit, subject to the provisions containe tnay, at any time prior to the trial ihcroof nominate one or more additional per- sons to act as assessors in the action. Where no application for as or \ of ; file' of 5)i CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. 29 assessors has been made, the Court or Judge may appoint one or more persons to act as assessor or assessors in the action before, or on the trial of the action. (/) If at the time and place appointed for the trial, all or any of the assessors appointed shall not attend, the Court or Judge may either proceed to try the action with the assistance of such of the assessors, if any, as shall attend or may adjourn the trial generally, or upon any terms which the Court or Judge may think fit,or may appoint any person who may be available and who h willing to act, and who is not objected to or who, if objected to, is objected to on some insufficient ground or the Coutt or Judge may try the action without assessors. (k) Every person requiring the Court or Judge to be assisted by assessors shall at the time of filing his application, deposit therewith the sum of $4 for every assessor proposed, and such payments shall be considered as costs in the action, unless otherwise ordered by the Court or Judge : Provided that where a person propcsed as an assessor, shall have in writing agreed and consented that he will not require his remuneration to be deposited, no deposit in respect of such person shall be required. (/) Where an action shall be tried by a Court or Judge with the assistance of assessors in addition to or mdepcndently of any assessors proposed by the parties, the remuneration of such as- sessors shall be borne by the parties, or either of them as the Judge or Court shall direct. (m) If after an assessor has been appointed the action shall not be tried, the Court or Judge shall have power to make an allow- ance to him in lespect of any expense or trouble that he may have incurred by reason of his appointment, and direct the payment to be made out of any sum. deposited for his remuneration. («) The assessors shall sit with and assist the Court or Judge when required with their opinion and special knowledge for the {purpose of ascertaining the amount of compensation if any, ! which the plaintiff shall be entitled to recover. R. S. O. 1887, c. 141, s. 12. 17. (a) Where several actions shall be bt ought under this Act, Consolidation of»c- fagainst a defendant, in the same court in respect of the same t'ons. legligence, act, c omission, the defendant shall be at liberty to ipply to the Judge that the said actions shall be consolidated. (/>>) Applications for consolidation of actions shall be made Ipon notice to the plaintiffs affected by such c«)nsolidalion. (t) In case several actions shall be brought under this Act, jainst a defendant in the same court in respect of the same legligence, act, or omission, the defendant may upon filing an indertaking to be bound so far as his liability for such negli- gence, act or omission by the decision in such one of the said ac- nons as ma> be selected by the Court or Judge, apply to the .ourt or Judge for an order to stay the proceedings \n the actions ther than in the one so selected, until judgment is given in i'uh selected action. [(i) Applications for stay of proceedings shall be made upon lotice to the plainlifls affected by the stay of proceedings or ?o CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. f I (e) Upon the hearing of an application for consolidation of actions or for stay of proceedings, the Court or Judge shall have power to impose such terms and conditions and make such order in the matter as may be just. (/) If an order shall be made by a Court or Judge, upon an sx parte applic^ition to stay proceedings, it shall be competent to the plaintitTs affected by the order to apply to the Court, or Judge (as the case may be) upon notice or ex parte to vary or dis- charge the order so made, and upon such last mentioned applica- tion such order shall be ipade as the Court or Judge shall think fit, and the Court or Judge shall have power to dispose of the costs, occasioned by such order as may be deemed right. ((,') In case a verdict in the selected action sh.Ul ije given, against the defendant, the plaintiffs in the actions stayed, shall be at liberty to proceed for the purpose of ascertaining and recov- ering their damages and costs. {Ji) A defendant may by notice to the opposite party to be given or served at least six days before the day appointed for the trial of the action, admit the truth of any statement of his lia- bility for any alleged negligence, act, or omission as set forth or contained in the plaintiff's statement or particulars of claim in the action, and after such notice given the plnintiff shall not be allowed any expense thereafter incurred for the purpose of prov- ing the matter so admitted. (/■) Where two or more persons are joined as plaintiffs under sub-sec -an i of this section and the negligence, act, or omis- sion, w. h is the cause of action shall be proved, the judgment shall be tor all the plaintiffs but the amount of compensation, if any, that each plaintiff is entitled to, shall be separately found and set forth in the judgment and the amount of costs awarded in the action shad be ordered to be paid to such person, and in such manner as the Court or Judge may think fit ; shouUl the defendant fail to pay the several amounts of compensation and the costs awarded in the action execution may issue as in an or- dinary action and should the proceeds of the execution be i.isuf- ficient after deducting all costs, to pay the whole of the amounts awarded a dividend shall be paid to each plaintiff calculated up- on the proportion of the amount, which shall have been awarded to the re.-pectivc plaintiffs to the total amount realized after the deduction of all costs of the ac'ion as aforesaid. R. S. O. c. 141, s. 13. 18. Where the time tor doing any act, taking any proceeding. Computation of time. or giving any notice under or required by this Act, expires on a Sunday, such act, or proceeding or notice shall so far as regards the time of doing, taking or giving the same, be held to be duly and sufficiently don'^ taken or given, on the day next following such Sunday. A. S. O. 1887, c. 141, s. 14. 19. In an action brought in any Court to recover compensa- tion under this Act, the forms and inctluuls and rules, and orders in force in Court shall, subject to and save as otherwise provided by the terms and provisions of this Act, apply to and regulate ill matters of pleading, practice and procedure in such anion, and notwithstanding anything in this Act contained, the forms Forms and niles. CANADIAN contractor's HAND-KOOK. 31 p^ethod, pleadings, practice and procedure in any such action jiBlii conform to, and be regulated by any rules or orders in that jdialf hereafter lawfully and duly made or prescribed with )ect to actions brought in any such Court. R. S. O. 1887, c. |t#s. 15. I 20. All Acts and parts of Acts consistent with this Act, are Saving clause. hereby repealed : but such repeal shall not affect, nor shall any brOfvision of this Act prejudice anything heretofore done or suf- fered, or any right heretofore acquired or accrued under or in pursuance of said Acts or parts of Acts so repcalec' and anypro- ce2dmf^ in respect of any such right, and any action, suit, or proceeding under or in pursuance of said last mentioned Acts or parts of Acts, shall be instituted, continued, completed and deter- mined and dealt .vith in all respects, and for all purposes as if this Act had not been passed. R. S. O. I887, c. 141, s. 16; 52 V. c. 23, s. 16. 32 CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. u No. 3075. A BY-LAW RESPECTING THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDING SCAFFOLDINGS. \Passcd June 6th^ iSg2.'\ The Municipal Council of the Corporation of the City of Toronto enacts as follows : I. All scafifoldinj:;s used by bricklayers or other builders in the erection, re- pairinj^', altering or improving of buildings, chimneys or other stiuctures, shall be built and constructed as follows: builders' SCAFFOLD. Standards or uprights to be of live, sound Norway pine, tamarac or spruce (tamarac preferred). Distance between each standard eight or ten feet, ant butts of said standard placed in the ground to the depth o\ not less than two fee; six inches, and when placed upon stone flagging or granolithic sidewalk, to be put in a good sound cement or other barrel or a box two feet square by two feet six inches high, and filled with sand or other suitable material. The standards to be not less than four and a half inches at butt, and two and a hall inches at the top diameter, and in a very high scaffold, to be increased in size. Ledgers same material as standards, not less than three inches diamete." at small end, and no ledger to be taken off the standards that would allow a greater distance from the ground than ten feet. Putlogs to be of ironwood, white oak, or other suitable material, the said putlogs to be butted, flattened or squared at the end which enters the wall, and not to be removed according as the scaffold rises. One course of planking, the entire length of scaffold, must remain on each tier of the said putlogs. The putlogs not to be less than three and a half inches in diameter clear of bark. Three putlogs to be placed under planks twelve feet in length, that is to say, one putlog at each end, and one in centre. (When planks sixteen feet long are used five putlogs shall be used.) Planks to be two inches in thickness, and of sound pine, spruce or hemlock, ten or twelve inches in width. Scaffolds to be stayed from ledgers on to the joists through the openings, and in the absence of openings, to be stayed by other sufficient means. Racking braces to consist of poles, and tied with ropes. Ropes not to be less than sixteen feet in length, and five-eighths of an inch thick, except in case of small scaffolds, when rope one-half mch. thick may be used. Ladders in all cases to reach five feet above the landing stage, so that plenty of hold will be afforded men when landing off. When bricks are laid from the inside of fire-proof buildings, there shall be a temporary floor of two-inch plank laid on the girders or temi)orary joists all around the inside of walls and not less than six feet wide, and when bricks arc la'd from the inside of buildings not fire-proof, which have joists not over four teen inches apart, then the temporary floor may be of one-inch boards six feet wide and placed all around the buildin<^. In all cases where the inside scaffolding is built from the foundation the san e as the outside scaffolding, the temporary floors above mentioned shall not 1 e required. When trestles are used the height to be from four to six feet and to be made substantial, of good material ; and when a scaffold is formed by putting trestleo "^ [STRUCTION CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. 33 'oronto enacts .-'.s the erection, re- r stiuctures, shall tamarac or spruco : or ten feet, am less than two fee: ithic sidewalk, t( ;et square by two le material. The nd two and a hall icreased in size, iches dianiete.- at Id allow a greater iwood, white oak, led or squared at ig as the scaffold must remain on three and a half ed under planks nd one in centre, ised.) Planks te ck, ten or twelve he openings, and lis. )ps not to be less xcept in case of e, so that plenty there shall be a porary joists all when bricks arc ts not over foui I boards six feet idalion the san c icd shall not I.e. and to be made putting trestles one upon another, it shall not be over eighteen feet in height, that is to say, not more than three trestles shall be used of the height of six feet each. Where required all overhead protections to be placed fully under scaffolds. When building out to the street line, boards or planks to be placed where the workmen pass under. II. All scaffolding used by carpenters, in the erection, repairing, altering or improving of buildings, chimneys or other structures, shall be built and con- structed as follows : CARPENTERS' SCAFFOLDING. 1. All uprights of said scaffolding to be 4x4, sound and free from objection- able knots, the brackets nailed to them and to the building, and to be one inch in thickness, and not less than ten inches wide, properly nailed to building and tipright ; and when there is no opening to nail said bracket, then a piece one inch thick and six inches wide to be notched to secure the bracket, and nailed Solid to the wall and to the upright. The boards laid on this to walk on to b- two-inch plank, sound and free from knots, or else two one-inch boards laid 01 on top of the other. 2. When bracket scaffold is put up, the leg to be sound and not less than 2x6 on edge, set at the proper angle, to prevent the bracket from tipping from tbe wall. 3. When scaffolding projects from windows, the scaffold to be one inch thick by not less than ten inches wide, and braced on the angle with a board not less than one inch thick and six inches deep, both brace and bracket well nailed to window, and *^he brace well nailed to bracket also. III. The City Commissioner shall prosecute all persons who may proceed Ivith the erection of buildings using scaffolding which is not constructed in ac- cordance with this By-law, and in the event of the City Commissioner finding a scaffold which in his estimation is unsafe, and after due notice to the contractor the same is not made satisfactory, the said Commissioner may take such pro- ceedings against him as he has power under this or any other By-law. IV. Any person jonvicted of a breach of any of the provisions of this By-law shall forfeit and pay at the discretion of the convicting magistrate a penalty net fxceeding the sum of fifty dollars for each offence, exclusive of costs, and in de- fault of payment of the said penalty and costs forthwith, the said penalty and costs, or costs only, may be levied by distress and sale of the goods and chattels of the offender, and in case of there being no distress found out of which such penalty can be levied, the convicting magistrate may commit the offender to the Common (iaol of the City of Toronto, with or without hard labor, for any period not exceeding six calendai months, unless the said penalty and costs be sooner paid. No. 3082. A BY-LAW TO AMEND BY-LAW No. 3075 RESPECTING THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDiNG SCAFFOLDING. {Passed July ythy lS()2^^ The Municipal Council of the Corporation of the City of Toronto enacts as Hows : I. Section 3 of By-law No. 3075 is hereby amended by striking out all the words in the section after the word " By-law" in the third line thereof. 34 CANADIAN CONTRACTOR'S HAND-BOOK. MONTREAL BY-LAW CONCERNING SCAFFOLDS. , BY-LAW No. 107, See. 51. All scaffolds erected for use in the erection or repair of any building shall be well and safely supported and of sufficient strength and size and properly secur- ed so as to insure the safety of persons working thereon or passing under the same, against the falling thereof or of such materials as may be used or deposit- ed thereon ; any scaffold which may be otherwise erected shall be deemed a nuisance ; and any person who sh<>ll erect or use, or cause to be erected or used, any scaffold contrary to the provisions hereof shall be liable to the penalty pro- vided in section ici^ of this By-law. Section 103 provides that for each offence against any by-law the offender "shall be liable to a fine, and in default of immediate payment of said fine and costs to an imprisonment, the amount of said fine and the term of said imprison- ment to be fixed by the Recorder's Court at its discretion." I « i |l ! :! CANADIAN contractor's HAND-P.OOK. 35 S. ilding shall be jroperly secui- iing under the sed or deposit- be deemed a ected or used, le penalty pro- r the offender f"said fine and said imprison- GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN BUILDING. "'.///j'/.? (pronounced ile) — a passageway between seats; the space between the outside walls and the columns in a cathedral church. Alcove — a recess in the side of a room. Alto relievo — carving projecting considerably above the surface; also "high relief;" %Ambo — same as pulpit. '^ Anchor — a term applied to ties and fastenings. Andirons (or fire dogs) — irons for the support of fuel in open fire places. Angle bead — a small round moulding secured to outside ani^les of walls. Angle brace — a bracket or framin<^ in the angle of two surfaces. Ani^le stajf-see. angle bead. Annex — a building subordinate to a main building. Antique — referrmg to ancient style. Apse — semi circular end of a room or chancel. Arabesque — ornamentation of flat surfaces. Arc — a geometrical term used for a portion of a circle. > Arcade — (i) a series of arches and colunms. (2) a corridor. Arch — a construction of bricks or other materials so arranged as by mutual pressure to support each other and to become capable of sustaining a super- incumbent weight. Archivolt — same as soffit. Area — a space, a court yard or sunken court. 'Arris — the line or edge formed by the meeting of two plain surfaces. Ashlar — cut or hewn stone used in the face of a wall, generally with vertical and horizontal joiiits. Astragal — semi circular moulding or bead. Attic — a sub-story rising above the cornice of a building. Auditorium — a hall for assemblies. Back arch — a relieving arch. Ball cock — a water cock in the form of a ball, placed inside a cistern to regulate the inflow of water. Balderchino — a canopy supported on columns over an altar, tomb or throne. Balljlower — a gothic ornament like a ball enclosed in three leaves. Balloon frame — Rou^'h framing of a wooden building. Baluster — perpendicuhir standard supporting a rail, also banis'er. Balustrade — a ran,t;e of balusters with upper and lower rail. Barge /)Oard— hoard used as a finish on the face of a gable, plain or ornamental. Barrel drain — a brick conduit built in cylindrical form. Barrel vault — a long semi citcular vault or roof. lase — lower part of a wall or piilar. "^as relief or basso ^.f/zVz/t?— carvings raised but little above the surfice ; also " low relief." at — a broken brick. Batten — a thin strip of wood. Jjattef—X\\& sloping face of a wall built wider at the bottom than at the top. '.Vi//'/(i';;/t'///— indentations in the top of a parapet wall. \iy—^ division in the architectural arrangement of a wall. ay yNindow — a window forming a recess in a room. ead—d small circular moulding. 36 CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. i! I Bead and btiit — a panel moulded with a bead, abutting against a square surface; also " bead and flush." Bead and quirk — a betad sunk below the surface with the angles of the surfa. t cut off. Beamfilling — building round the ends of beams or joists in a wall. Bearer— ?i strut or post or horizontal piece supporting a shelf or other boards. Bearing wall or partition — portion of a wall or partition that carries a super- structure. Bed moulding — strictly speaking a moulding immediately under the cornice of a classic building. Belvedere — a high turret. Bevel — a sloping surface. ?•• Billet — a block of wood. Binder — same as "Header." Binding joist — same as "Trimmer." Block plan — a plan showing the outline of a building. Blocking course — a plain course of stone above a cornice, its face being in the same plane as the face of the walls below. Bond — in iDrick or stone work denotes arrangement of headers and stretchers. Bond^ English — in brickwork a course of headers and a course of stretchers laid alternately. Bond^ Flemish — in brickwork, headers and stretchers laid alternately in tht same course. Boftd stone — same as "Header." Bond timber — pieces of wood built into a wall on which to secure the other woodwork. Bow Window — a semi circular bay window. Box frame — the trame of a window made hollow for the sash weights. Box girder — a hollow built girder. . Brace — a stiffening piece in framing. Breaking joint- -?i term applied to the joints of masonry or other work which arc not continuous. Breast of a chimney — -the projecting portion of a chimney stack in a room. Breast of a ^vifidozv — ;hat portion of a wall below the window. Bressimimer — a heavy beam. Brick nogging — brickwork laid in the interstices of framing. Bridging — pieces of wood secured between joists for the stiffening of floors. Broach — the masonry at the foot of an octagonal spire above the square tower. Bults nose — a rounded angle. Bush hammered — the worked face of a stone formed by a bush hammer. This hammer is formed of several metal points with which the stone is pounded. Butting joint — the junction of two pieces cut at right angles with the surface. Cable moulding— ?i moulding like a rope. Cant — the surface left when the angle of a square is cut off. Cantilever — a bracket. Cap or capital — the highest member of a column. Carriage of a stair— \\\^ rough timbers supporting a staircase; also "stringers." Case — see box frame. Casing — boxing in of pipes, etc. Casement — (i) a sash hinged like a door. (2) also a classic moulding (see " Scotia "). . ' Cauking or caulking — filling of joints. . ' Cavetto — a hollow moulding. Centre — rough framework for the support of an arch in construction. [uare surface ; if the surfav,e ler boards, ries a supcr- 2 cornice of a CANADIAN CONTRACTOR'S HAND-BOOK. 37 being in tlic stretchers. ;retchers laid lately In the e the other Its. work which I room. of floors, uire tower. mer. This s pounded, surface. IC stringers." \entre of gravity —\\\ci\. point at which all the weight of a mass might be col- 1 lected without disturbing the equilibrium cf the body. ^fiace — a groove. ^hace mortise — a mortice cut so as to admit of a transverse piece of timber being ^- let m between two parallel pieces. $ha/)ifcr — like a bevel, the cutting oft" of a right angle to an angle of 45°. 0i(incel — the choir of a church contauiing an altar. Qhecks of a mortice — the two solid pieces on each side of a mortice. Chevron — a zig-zag moulding of the Norman style. Chiseled woric — -Stone work finished with a chisel. Choir — ^part of the chancel of a church. Chord — a line joining" the extremities of an arch. CiJtia recta — (jreek undulating mouldini^. Cima reversa — like a cima recta reversed. Cinq lie foil — a Gothic ornament of five semi circular curves with four cusps or points at the junctions of the curves. Cirt uinference -\\\Q. outside line of a circular body. CVrt//// — a piece of metal or other material by which two stones or other sub- stances are fastened together. Clapboard — thin boarding covering framework of a building. Clcarstorey --\\\Q^ upper portion of a church wall above the aisle roof C^eat — a small piece of wood secured to timbers for the support of other wood- «|^ work. '^Cloister — ^a covered and paved walk in connection with a cathedral. Closer — a portion of a brick less than the width of a header inserted as a header near the end ot a course. CoJ^erdam — timber framing em|)loyed in bridge building, sunk into the water. Coin or quoin — -blocks of stone finishing the angles of a building. Collar beam — a horizontal beam in roof construction Secured to the i afters mid- way between the eaves and ridge. Column — a perpendicular pillar. Common rafter — ordinary rafters of a roof. Concave — a hollo^• 2d surface. Com'ex — an outward curved surface. Cope stone — see coping. Copini^ — cap stones of a wall. Corbie steps — steps up a g;ible. Corbel tiib'e-— A row of corljcls or ornamental brackets. Counter sinking — any cutting below the gcMieral surface. Crou'nin^^ — forcing up the centre of a joist by drawing in the ends with a screw i rod. CW.y/j -the points of intersection of curves in Gothic architecture. J^ado — lower portion of a wall faced with panellini^ or other decoration. Dais —^ raised portion of a floor or low platform. Ceafenini^—di.ny method of construction for the |)urpose of deadening sound. peflection — a term applied to the bending of a beam from a straight line under pressure. jpentil —■A.u ornament of square blocks. lOiaper work — decoration of a flat surface, generally carved or sunk, sometimes *£. painted. m)ischargi7iir arch^ or rclievinii arch—ww arch formed over a lintel to relieve it of the superincumbent weight. 38 CANA'DIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. f K; m m Dog legged stairs — a stair case divided into two flights, the outer string of the upper flight being directly over the handrail of the lower. Dos; tooth moulding — a moulding peculiar to Early English architecture. Door jamb — the lining on the ingoing of a door. Dormer — a window in a slop-ng roof. Dormitory — a large sleeping room. Dovetail — a wedge shaped joint for woodwork. ^^^^^^ : • ,'. Dowel — a wooden or metal pin. Dragon piece — a short piece of timber used to strengthen the foot of a principal rafter or to tie together the intersecting eaves-plates at the angles of a building. Dressings- -the finished stonework of windows, doors, etc. Drips — the form. u ion at changes of levels in flat or sloping roofs. Drip stone or moulding — a projecting moulding to throw off the water over a window or doorway, called also " Labels." Dry rot — a disease of vegetable growth that attacks timber in damp situations. Droved asJdar, margins^ etc. — a tooled margin on stone ; also draved. Eaves — edges of a roof. , . • . Echinus — egg and anchor moulding. Elliptic arch — arch in the form of an ellipse. Embrasure — (i) the splay or bevel of a door or window jamb ; (2) a cutting in a thick wall. '^ ; - :S . En^a^ed column — a column attached to a wall. > • \. English bond — see Bond. .■ Entasis — the swelling or curved vertical line of a shaft or < olumn. Entresol— :ix\ intermediate storey, called also " Mezza.iine." Equilateral arch — a pointed gothic arch, (he height of the apex .above the spring being equal to the width of the span at the spring. • Escutcheon — a key hole plate ; also " scutcheon." Extrados — the upper surface of an arch. ; y ■ Eye oj a volute — the central spot of a spiral curve. ' ,, ': ■^v ,'■'•',■ '^* Facade — principal or front elevation of a bui'i':ng. Facing ~\\\e outer surface of a wall, "^t- Fanlight — a transom light. Fa?t tracery — radiating ornament, the decoration applied to Fan vaulting^ a feature of the perpendicular style. Fenestration — the spacing of windows in a wall. "^ ' , Fillet — a small band or square member in mouldings. Finial -\\\& finish or vertical ornament of a turret, roof or spire. Flails — paving stones Flashings — metal coverings round the edges of gutters, etc., on roofs or against brickwork. Flemish bond — see Bond. Floating — a term in plastering, the finishing work. Flush — a term mdicating the meeting of two surfaces on the same plane. Flutes or Flutings — seiiii-circular sinkings on flat surfaces. Flying buttress — an arched buttress. Foils — the curves between the cusps in gothic architecture. Footings- -ihe. lowest courses of foundations. Formeret — the prmcip.d rafter against a wall at the end of a building. Free stone — sand st( ne. li m CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. 39 Iring of the :ture. a principnl fa buildin}^. ater over a situations. 'd. :utting in a I the sprinf^ hiultmg^ a or agamst ane. \Freize — (i) in classic a'-chitecture that part of an entabalature between the architrave and cornice ; (2) the upper portion ot a wall in a room, usually so 4 called for decorative purposes. Fresco paintins^ — painting on flat surfaces of a particular character. \Fret — an ornament of classic art. \Fiirrin^s — woodwork beneath the plastering, fastened against the walls or on the underside of joists, etc., to receive the lathing. Gable — the pointed upper part of a wall. Girt — «=urface of a moulding. ^ Grill — open screen work in any material. ^G;v?/«— the line of intersection of the xaults in vaulted ceilings. ^Grounds — strips of wood forming the projections to which to fasten finished i woodwork. . %iGroiit — liquid mortar or cement. ^ Gura^oyle or Gargoyle — ornamental spout generally of stone in gothic architec- > ture to conduct rain water from the roofs or gutters. Half space — a platform on a staircase. ^ HalJ-ti/nbered work — i6th century domestic architecture in which framing tim- bers appear on the surface forminij panels usually filled with brick nogging. Hammer beam — the lower beam projecting horizontally into a building (a hall or church) acting as a base and tie at the foot of a principal rafter. Hanuner dressed — Method of finishing stone surfaces with a hammer, leaving ^ the face rough and broken. 'Hanging stile — the uprights to which doors or casements are hinged. ' Hasp — a fastening of metal to secure doors. Hatchway — an opening in a roof or floor. \Header-^2i brick or stone acting as a bond between the face and back work of a wall. \Hepta<^Hse. Pidiment'A gable or triangul.ir portion above the cornice of a classic building. I^endcntive hanging work of stone, timber or any other material. Penehammer '\x\ masonry, a tool for pounding the inequalities on a flat surface. Pentas^on -w five-sided figure. Piend checl' —\.\\e rebate formed ot; the bottom of a riser. Pile — a timber driven into the caith to make a foundation in loose ground. Pinnacle — the finial of a buttiess. CANADIAN CONTRACTOrVs HAND-KOOK. 3 the princi- 41 £^ lino lazed r very steep and finish- in cis Man IS. othet piece lening in a seats in a i< h IS less loiiUlin^s. f t wo pro- Is in con- biiilclinj^. t surface. iitui. ^^/afe — a piece of timber laid horizontally on a wall to form a bed for ihe ends of ., other timbers. ■plinth — ^the projectinj^ sub-base of a base. ^ Iliads — ^small pieces of wood driven into walls to fasten woodwork to the wall. f\ntttin}^ — ihe act of filling the face of joints of brick or stone with mortar. \)leplate — a purlin at the foot of the principals in a roof on which to rest the -^ common rafters. principal— \.'ne framed main supports of a roof. /^//i/'i/zV/i/-— deafening with clay. Purlin — a horizontal piece of timber in roof construction for the support of com- mon rafters. It gets its support trom the piinci|jals. Putlogs — short timbers in scaffolds at right angles to the walls. Quarters — sc.intlin^s of timbers in partitions 01 other framuig. Quarter pace — the quarter landing of a staircase. Quatre foil —-^ t;othic ornament of four semi-circular curves with three points or cusjjs at the junctions of the curves. Queen posts --\\\Q. two suspended posts of a principal roof truss, supporting the tie beam, -ictin^ like a king post but used for larger spans. Quirk — a curved sinking. See Head and Quirk. Rabbet or rebate- -\\ rectantjular cutting along the edge of apiece of wood or other material. Rebate joint — a joint formed by a rebate. J?a^////.s— in geometry, a line drawn from the centre to the circumference of a circle i?rf//'r -the timbers of a roof laid from the eaves to the ridj^e. Ra/:ini( piece a piece of wood on a slope. Ramp -ihe sudden rise in a handrail or wall or other substance. Rantlom 7c>ork, random rubble - nr.isonry with irregular courses or jointings. RelieTint,'' arc/i sime as Discharging arch. ReHiloinji A plasterini^ coat. Reredos -a screen or ornamental wall behiiid and above an altar. Responds half piers or Ijuttresses. Retainim^ wall a wall built to support an embankment of earth. R.n>eal the ingoinj^ or recess at rij^ht angles to the face of a wall. Ridi^e piece the horizontal board against which the upper end of the rafters abut. |P/.r<'r -the vertical part of a step. Rocl'/aced 7i'ork -stonework left rough on the face. Roll and fillet --;.. I)ead having; a s(|iiare projection on its face. Rolled beams— '\xuv\ or steel beams rolle.l between rollers not cast. Rood screen — a screen at the junctioa ol a chancel with a nave. Rose ivindo7V-a. circular window. Roui^li cast row^M plastering on the exterior of a wall made by throwing small pei)bles aj^ainst the finished coat of plaster. Roui^r/i strin^^ -ihc rough cjirriage of a stair. Sdddle a thin piece of wood bevelled on two edges placed on the floor beneath a door. S— keystone and other radiating stones of nn arch. Wainscoi — a base or dado. Wall plate— -x nanow timber laid on the top course of the face of a wall to re- ceive the eaves boards, etc. Ji7//r/6'r^— triangular steps of a staircase at a corner or bend in the flight. Weepers or "i^'ccpim'- dr.un pipes- -A <\\-\\\\ laid with unjointed pipes for the pur- pose of dispersing surface water. ed. ck work or so trimmi ! hearth laid of a circle. ? groove cu; ng into till of the prin sed decora- ver. w the cle. ar aised joint. n the hori- 44 CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. NOTES ON ESTIMATING. Cubic measure is length, breadth and height or depth multiplied together. Superficial or sciuave measure is the niultiplymg together of the two dimen- sions of a surface. Lineal, runnin}^ or run measure is measurement in one length. [See 7n/>/es.] ExravntiHg. Take excavating to surface 12 in. deep per sq. yard. Take excav.uiiitj (ojdinary) pei cul)ic yard. Excavating over 6 ft. deep should ' ^ kept separate, and allowance made for staging if required. Trenches for fotuidations if below genet al excavating, take extra at per. cubic yard. Allow for width of trenches 6 in. on each side of lowest course of footings. Allow lor casting away, or removal in other ways .IS spt cilied, or for part filled in and rammed. In rock foundations extra t'ine must be al- lowed. Struttnig and planking when recjuired per line-'oot. Allow extra cost for stitting and planking over 6 ft. deep. Clay puddling, per cubic yard. Concrete, per cubic yard. Allow for wheeling or carting. Lcvell ng and consolidating groimd, per cubic yard. Post holes, at so much each, counted. Drains, keep different sizes separate, and include cement jointing, etc., per lineal foot. Junctions, bends, Y's, T's, etc., count as i foot lin'l of pipe, excej)! speci-il ones. Cement, per barrel. Sand, per load. " River or other special quality, per barrel. Mortar, per load. Cc.icrete, 6 in. th ck, per sup. yard. Concrete, over 6 in. thick, per cui)ic yard. 86 Cubic feet. 54 " " 70 " " 36 " " Mutton ri/. Stonework is gener.dly measu»-ed by ihe toise. A toise varies in different localities as for instance : A toise in Montreal = " I'oi'onto = •• " "Hamilton = Perth Ont. = Take masoniy, generally per toise. Allow for hoisting, adding an extra price for every 20 ft. over the first 40 ft. of height. Ashlar, or other face work, per jup'l ft. liacking, except very thick walls, per cubic ft. or toise. Door and window openings to be taken as solid, to idlow for labor and cutting. Cut .Stone, per superficial ft. Each kind of stone to be kept separate, and each kind of work on each as specified. Allow for dilTerent treatment, as iiammer- flressed, bush hannuered, grooved, throated, sunk, chamfered, etc., etc. Cut stone must be measured to suit cour.ses of brick work. Treads and risers, per superficial ft. .String courses, per superficial ft. All stone under 3 in. /'//'l ft. Mitic--, stopped ends, stop chamfers. counted. Landings, pavings, etc., per stiperficial ft. Nosings, and other e(!g«' work, per lineal ft Rebated joints, etc., per lineal ft. I'ointing as specified, per lineal ft. Allow for tem|)lates " " hoardings. " " scaffolding where required. Rubble masonry when built in courses requires /rrs/t', and 6'j> cubic feet of mortar. Random and tuK nursed rubble }} cubic feet of stone and 9 cubic feet of moriai I cubic yard ashlar requires, including waste, 29^4 cubic feet of stone and 2)4 cubic feet of mortar. I lineal yanl poinliu}^ to ashlar work requires froin one-tw?ntieth to one-thirtieth of a cubic foot of mortar or cement. iS. m CANADIAN contractor's HAND-ROOK. 45 together, o dimen- by ihe toise. lities as for )ic foet. se. ra price for . of height. ip'l ft. ;, per cubir e taken as tting. Darate, and pacified, s hainmer- grooved, , etc. lilt courses ft. '1 ft. cr lii>'l ft. chamfers. icial ft. y hiieal ft >:'. *i 35 cubic inoriar aiul 2^4 ll)iiticth Brickwork^ Sizes of bricks vary in different places, but usually, — For face work allow 7 bricks per sq. foot. " solid " " 20 " " cub. ft. " " " 546 " " cub. yd. I Cub. yd. of brickwork requires about 5 cub. ft. of mortar, I Rod of brickwork = 272 sup. ft. of i^ brickwork. Take brickwork by cubic feet, and count per thousand. Puce work by sup'l feet, and count per thousand. Make no deductions for flues less than 2 feet square, or for cavities in hollow walls. Take doorways and windows as solitl, except i where there are niany, in which case deduct half. Circular brickwork over 25 ft. radius, measure first as ordinary brickwork, and then measure one face and allow for tliat amount extra labor. Brickwork built fair, both sides to be kept separate. Hacking to stone wo;k, per cub. yard. Allow for cutting to fit against stone, measure footings, averaging them by adding to- gether lengths of top and bottom courses and dividing by 2. Moulded bricks, per lin'l foot, and per 1,000. Hrick on edge, persq. yard. IJrick nogging, measuring per sq. yard. Hrick nogging requires ji when Hat. Brick nogging requires }^ cub. ft. of mortar when on edge. Pointing, per sq. yard. " re(|uires if flat % cub. ft. lime mor- tar, or Ys bushel cement. " recjuires if tuck, '/» cub. ft. putty or yi cub. ft. mortar. Slatr HI anon. Slate .slats, per superficial foot. Allow U)Y bedding in cement, or screwing witii copper screws, as sjiecified. Slate sl 2S, per lineal aunled. balls and b.ill . ball levers, II kinds, per wed, wiped, s, valves, el is generally etc. sail accorrl- :)luniberan(l id after. I counted, r each kind. Iron founder. i gallon /ar with i lb. pitch included, applied ;ep separate wrought and cast ii on, also hot, will cover about 12 sup. yards first the diff(!rent articles, coat on wood and 17 sup. yards each ad- Heavy work per cubic foot, and calculate ditional coat. weight in tons at so much a lb. as specified. -/" lb. of putty for stopping is required for every Allow for hoisting and fixing, cartage, extra 20 to 25 yards of surface. scaffolding, etc. Take painting (generally) per sup. foot. Ascertain what assistance is specified to be Allow for knotting, stopping, etc. given by other trades. Ascertain if priming is included when two, For vaults get special prices. three or four coat work is specified. Allow for patterns for all castings. Allow extra when work is finished in two or Allow for drilling, bolting and l>11 other work more colors. to be done alter p'.acing in position. Count windows and double them for painting Rivctted girders, fish-plates, pavement lights, both sides. coal plates and frames, per sup. foot. Oiling, rubbing, stainmg, sizing, varnishing. Gratings, bars, rails, straps, bolts not already French polishing, graining, etc., per sup. taken by carpenter, saddle bars, guard foot. bars, balusters, gates, railings, hand rails. Railings, gates, gratings, measure round of etc. , per lineal foot. bars. Iron roof principals, rafters, purlms, with all Measure 1 and of bars, open framing, etc. shoes, cleats, brackets, ties, T irons, etc., Skirtings, cornices, strings, etc., per lineal ft. ''^ take in detail and keep separate. Holes, perforations, etc. , counted. Paper Uanoing. For girders, etc., consult price lists of iron Generally, per sup. foot. founders. Allow for waste. Gln.iier To find the number of pieces (12 yards) re- Keep different kinds of glass separate. quired for a wall, take the superficial area Measure all glass in inches and turn into sup- deductmg doors and wmdows and divide . erficialfeet. measuring to extreme dimen- ^X ^i' I his rule applies to an average gJQPg ^ widih of 20 mches to the piece. Allow for sprigging, puttying, or bedding in ^"^^ for filling cracks in old walls. washleather or india rubber as required. Measure borders, per lineal yard. Embossing, enamelling post lights, per sup. ^^^ uanger. , ,"/• , , . Specification should state positions of bells Lead lights, per sup. foot. and pulls Bevelling, per lineal fool. Hells and puils, counted, Plate filass, the price of, is apt to vary ; puce Allaw for fixing with all cranks, wire, springs, lists should always be obtained fiom im- plates. > f b > K^y^'^^^P' 1 • , ■ . Zinc or copper tubing, per lineal foot. Allow for cleaning at completion and for Ascertain if various trades are to do cutting Dreakages. required in their own work. J'aintinff. For electric bells and fittings get special Keep separate different clashes of work. prices from engineers. / Id. while paint mixed with oil, etc , will Pneumatic bells, get specal prices from en- . cover on 7/;(V(;(/ about 4}^ sup. yards, first gineers. coat ; second coat s.ime quantity will cover Speaking tubes, per lineal foot. ^ about 6^ sup. yards, and each additional Allow for nioudipieces and all fixing as re- coat about 6X sup. yards. quired. . r /^. red lead paint mixed and applied as a Elertrlr Lightinff. ^. first coat on iron, about 55^ sup. yards. Got special estimates from engineers. / //'. oxide ofxron faint mixed and applied :»s a first coat on iron, from 8 to 12 sup. Ilcating Apparatus. y'''"^* ("n'i special estimates from manufacturers. ^ NOTES ON HOSPITAL WARDS MINIMUM DIMENSIONS. Space between beds 7 ft. 6 in. Superficial area per bed 90 sq. ft. Heij^ht of ward 14 ft. - Cubic space per bed 1 260 cub. ft. Width of ward 24 ft. No. of beds to a ward fnol more than). ... 32. [Ga//on.'] 48 CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK, WEIGHT OF SUBSTANCES PER CUBIC FOOT. i'i ! • Average Weight in lbs. Aluminium 162 Ash, American white, dry 38 Asphaltum 87 Brass, (copper and zinc) cast.... 504 " rolled 524 Brick, best pressed 1 50 " common, hard 125 " soft, inferior 100 Brickwork, pressed brick 140 " ordinal y 112 Cement, ordinary 56 " Enjjlish, Portland 90 Cherry, dry 42 Chestnut, dry 41 Coal, broken, loose 49 " solid 84 Coke, loose 62 Copper, cast 542 " rolled 548 Earth, dry, loose 76 " " " moderately ram- med 95 Elm, dry 35 Gold, cast, pure, 24 carat 1204 (iranite 170 Hemlock, dry 25 Hickory, " 53 Ice 58.7 Iron, cast 450 wrought, purest 485 " average 480 Lead , 711 Lime, quick ground, loose 53 u a ii u j,^^,^. oughly shaken 75 Limestones and m iibles 168 " " loose in irregular fragments 96 Maple, dry 49 Average I WeiKht in ll)s. Mahogany, Spanish, dry 53] " Honduras dry ^sl Masonry, granite, or limestone, (well dressed) 165 1 Masonry, mortar, rubble 154 " dry rubble 138 " sandstone well dressed 144 Mortar, hardened 103] Mud, dry, close , . 80 to 1 10 Mud, wet fluid, maximum 120 Oak, live, dry 59 whits, dry 59 other kinds 32 to 45 Pine, white, dry 25 " yellow, (Northern) 34 " " (Southern) 45 Salt, Liverpool, fine for table use 49 Sand, of pure quartz dry loose, 90 to 106 Sand, well shaken 99 to 117 " perfectly wet 120 to 140 Sandstone, fit for building 151 Slate 175 Sn' vv, freshly fallen 5 tc 12 Sn )vv, moistened and compact by rain 15 to 20 Spruce, dry 25 Steel 490 Sulphur. . . 125 Tar 62 Tin, cast 459 Turf or peat, dry unpressed 20 to 30 Walnut, dry, (black) 38 Water, pure rain or distilled, at 60" Fahr 62 1^ Water, Sea 64 Zinc, or spelter 43,7 (ireen wood, add from one fifth to one half more than dry APPROXIMATE BREAKING STRENGTHS OF WIRE IN TONS, PER SQUARE INCH. Annealed iron wire, 25 tons per square inch, tensile resistance. Bright iron wue, 35 " " " " *' " Bessemersteel wire, 40 " " " " " " Mild Siemens steel, wire 60 " " " " " ♦• Crucible cast steel wire 801090. " " " " Patent plough crucible wire.. 100 to 120 " " " •• CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. 49 \r-A.E,IOTJS T^^BXiES TABLE OF CUBES. Cube of I is i M 2 II 8 M 3 " 27 11 4 " 64 - II 5" It 125 II 6 II 2i6 Cube of If M II 7 IS 343 8 II 512 9 M 729 ID II 1000 " " 133' 12 II 1728 ALGEBRAIC FORMULAE. 1. (a + b) (a + b) = .v-f-2abfb2. 2. (a + b) (a-b) = a2-b'. 3. (x + a) (x + b) = x- + xa + bx + ab 4. (a + b) (a' + ab + b) = a3-fb3. 5. (a - b) (a2 + ab + b2) = a^. - b3. 6. (a + b)3=:a3 + b3 + 3a b + sab^. 7. (a-b)3 = a3-b3-3a2b-3ab2. Q X2 + xy + y2 5. _i — i— = x3 - y.% x-y ^ xa + xy + ya 9. ^ — ^r = x3 + y3. x + y ^ 10. (a + b4-c) (a + b+c) = a2+b' + c2+2ab + 2ac + 2bc. FORCE AND VELOCITY OF WIND, AND ITS PRESSUREUPON ROOFS, SPIRES, ETC. VELOCITY. MII-ES PER HOUR I % 3 4 I io IS 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 60 70 80 100 FEET PER MINUTE 88 176 264 352 440 880 1320 1760 2200 2640 30S0 3520 3960 4400 5280 6160 7040 8800 FEET PER SECOND 1.47 2.93 4.4 5-87 7.33 14.67 22.0 29.3 36.6 44.0 51.3 58.6 66.0 73-3 88.0 102.7 "7.3 146.6 FORCE OR PRESSURE PER FT. SUP. .005 .02 \ .044I •0791 .123) .492) I.I07J 1.97 \ 3.067/ 4.429! 6.027 i 7.87 9.9 12.304 17733) 24.153) 3 49 DESCRIPTION } 11.49 I ,9.21 J Barely perceivable. Just perceivable. Light breeze. Pleasant breeze. Brisk gale. High wind. Very high wind. Storm. Great storm. Hurricane. i m >: '■ .1 5° CANADIAN contractor's HAND BOOK. I Weights of Materials. ^1 Diaine Hcircle a ^1 and S The weight of wrought iron X 0*928 = cast iron. H ^(^u " " o"928 = zinc. 1' " " roio = steel. 1 -^ " " I -082 = brass. I " " ri44 = copper. I '^ 1-468 = lead. ■ The Weight of Wrought-iron Bolt Heads, Nuts and Washers. Diam. Hexagon S'qre. Heads Round Diam. Hexagjn Sq're He.ids Round '>f Bolt . H'ds&Nuts. and Nuts. Washers. of Bolt. H'ds & Nuts. and Nuts. Washers. 1 '"- inches. per pair. per pair. per pair inches. per pair. per pair: per pair. I '4 20 to a lb. 16 to a lb. 20 to a lb iy% 3-00 3-60 3-25 H 10 " 8^ " 10 " ^'A 3-75 4-42 4-25 % 5 " 4/6 " 5 " iH 4-75 5-70 5-25 ■ '5- H 2H " 2>^ " 3 '•' iH 5-75 7-00 6-50 H No- H 2 " -56 lb. -63 lb. lA 7-27 872 800 ■ % ■77 lb. -83 17 2 8-75 10-50 9-60 I I 125 1-31 1.25 2A 17-00 2roo 19-00 H ■ St 1/8 175 2-10 1-75 3 2880 36-40 32-50 iX 2-13 2-56 2-25 I ^'.E Round and Square Iron— Weight of a Lineal Foot. A Round Square Round Square 6 *»-?, Round Square Round Square in lbs. in lbs. ^^. in lbs. in lbs. 5:y^ in lbs. in lbs. ";rn in lbs. in lbs. H g>..- •041 •053 5-952 7.578 3H 34-761 S'4 A I 'A 44-258 87-459 111-356 % •165 •2IC iH 6-985 8-894 3H 37-199 47-363 5/8 91-303 I i6'25i lA 5.16 •258 •329 lU 8-IOI 10-315 3A 39-720 50-573 6 95.230 121-250 1/4^ 'A •372 •474 iVs 9-300 11-841 4 42-324 53-889 6X 103-331 131-565 13/ 7-16 •506 -645 A'A 45-011 57.310 lj4 2 10-581113-4721 6/2 111-763 142-300 iV /2 •661 •842 2^8 ir94c|i5-20y| rx 47-780 60835 b% 120-525 153-457 2 9-16 'ii37 1-066 2X 13-392 17-0511 4/8 50-632 64-467 7 129-618 165-035 2'/ H 1033 1-316 2^8 14-921 i8-998j 4>^ 53567 68.203 7/ 148-796 1S9-45J 2>2 11-16 1-250 1-592 2>^ 16-533 2 1 -050. 4H 56-584 72-045 8 j 75992 ^A\ 169-297 215-556 2M' H 1-488 1-895 2H 18-128 23-2081 4H 59684 191-121 243 -.3 5-- 13-16 1-746 2*22^ 2U 2^-205125.471 4/8 62-867 80044 9 214-267 272-812 34 ^8 2-025 2-579 2/8 2i-865;27-839 5 66-132 84-201 9>^ 238.736 303 "96;, 3M 15-16 2-325 2-960 ! 5/8 69-480 88-464 1 V4 3 23-80730.312 1 10 264-527 336-806 . 4 I 2-645 3-368 3^8 25-83332-891 5/|72-9io 92-832 io>^ 291-641 371-32SJ 44 I'A 3-340 4-263 3U 27-941 35-575 SA 76-424 97-305 II 1 320-078! 407-i;35 1 4A iH 4*133 5-263 3/8 30-131 38 364 5>^ 80019 101-8841 ' ' A 349-8371 445-425 44 iH 5-001 6*3681 VA 32.40541-259 5,^ 83.698' 106-567I 12 380-919' 485 '(XX) 5 6 I s ). Washers. Is Round Washers. per pair. 3^25 4-25 5-25 6-50 800 9-60 19-00 32-50 DOT. und Square ,bs. •459 in lbs. 111-356 •303 116-251 .230 121-250 •331 i3i^565 ■763 142-3001 •525 153*457 -618 165-035 •796 1 89^4 53 •297 2i5^556 •121 243'352 -267 272-812 736 303-9671 •527 336-806 -641 37 1 '328 -078 407 T, 5 •837 445-425 •919 485-(>fw CANADIAN CONTRACTOR'S HAND BOOK. 51 Round, Octagonai,, and Souark Steel— The Weight of a Lineal Foo:', f Diameter of Circle and Oct. and Side of Sc;uare. /8 3-16 X 5-16 H 7-16 'A 9-16 H 11-16 13-16 Round Octagonal in lbs. in lbs. -0417 -0440 •0940 •0991 •1670 •1762 •2610 •2753 •37C8 •3964 •5'i5 •5:96 •6681 7047 •8456 -8919 ro44 rioi 1-263 I 332 1-503 1-586 I 764 1-861 2-046 2158 2-349 2-478 Square in lbs. •0532 •J 196 •2127 •3323 •4785 •6513 •8507 1-077 1-329 r6o8 I 914 2-246 2-605 2-99 Diameter of Circle and Oct. and Side of Square. 7S H % 2 2X 2^ 2H Round in lbs. 2-673 3-382 4-176 5-053 6013 7-057 8-185 9-396 io'69o 13-530 16-703 20-2 1 1 24-053 Octaeoniii lbs. in 2819 3-568 4-405 5 -330 6.343 7'444 8-633 9-910 1 1-276 14-271 17-618 21-318 25-371 Squa e lbs. in 15-16 NoTK. — The diameter of Octagon Steel is mei;sured across the sides. Flat Steel. — The Weight of a Lineal Foot. 3'403 4307 5-317 6-433 7-656 8-985 10-421 1 1 -963 13-611 17-227 21-267 2^734 30625 ■^ c /8 'A ^8 1 2 2H 3% V/2 3^4 4 4X 4A 4V 5 S'A 6 Thickness in inches. lbs. -0532 -2127 •2658 •3190 •3722 -4253 •4785 •5317 •5849 •6380 •7444 •8507 •9570 1-063 11 70 1-276 1-382 1-489 ^•595 1-701 1-808 1-914 2 020 2-127 2339 2-552 ib= • 1 063 •4253 •5317 •6380 •7443 -8507 -9570 -063 -170 •276 -489 1-701 1914 2-127 2-339 2-552 2-765 2-977 3-190 3403 3^615 3.828 4041 4-254 4.679 5"' 04 lbs. •1595 -6380 •7975 •9570 l-l 17 1-276 1-436 I 595 1755 1-914 2233 2-552 2-871 3-190 3-509 3-828 4-147 4-466 4-785 5-104 5 "423 5-742 6-061 6-380 70I8 7-656 lbs. •2127 -8507 1 -063 1-276 1-489 1-701 1-914 2-127 2-339 2-552 2-977 3-403 3.828 4-253 4-679 5-104 5-530 5-955 0-380 6806 7-231 7-656 8082 8-507 9358 io-2o8 H lbs, -2658 I -063 1-329 i-d95 1-86 1 2-127 2393 2658 2-924 3-190 3-722 4-253 4785 5-317 5-849 6-380 6-912 7-444 7975 8-507 9039 9.570 10-102 10.634 1 1 -697 12-761 lbs. r I r 2- 2- •3190 -276 •395 -914 •233 •552 2-871 3-190 3*509 3-828 4-466 5-104 5742 6-380 /•018 7-656 8-294 8-932 9-570 10208 10.846 11-484 12 i22 12-760 1 4-037 I5"3i3 Vs lbs, -3722 1 -489 1-861 2233 2-605 2-976 3-350 3-722 4094 4-466 5-211 5-9.=i5 6-699 7-444 8-188 8932 9-677 10-421 11-165 ir9io 12-654 13-398 14-143 14-887 16-376 17865 I lbs. -4253 1-701 2-127 2-552 2977 3-403 3-828 4-253 4-679 5-104 5 955 6806 7-656 8-507 9-358 10208 11-059 11-910 12.760 13611 14462 15-313 16-163 17-014 18715 20-417 i ill 52 CANADIAN CONTRACTOR'S HAND HOOK. Round Cast Iron. — The Weight of a Lineal Foot. Diam. in inches. 2 2X 2H 3 3X 3% 4 \% 4^ «; 5X Weight in lbs. 2-454 3-835 5-522 7-5>7 9-818 12-425 1 5 "340 18-561 22089 25-924 30-066 34-515 39-270 44-332 49'7oi 55-377 61-359 67-649 Diam. in inches. 6 6H 7 7X 7/2 7H 8 8X 8K 8^ 9 9X 9>^ 9^4' Weight in lbs. 74-245 81-148 88-3';7 95-874 103-697 111-827 120-264 129-008 138-059 147-416 157-080 167-051 177-329 I879I3 198-804 210-002 221*507 233-319 Diam. in inches. 10 10)4/ II IlX / /■2 I Hi I I 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 20 22 24 Weight ill lbs. 245-437 25786., 270-595 283-634 296-979 310-632 324-591 338-857 353-430 414-789 481-057 552-234 628-320 709-314 795-217 981*750 I 1 87-9 T I4I37 ROUND AND Square Brass.— The Weight OF A Lineal Foot. Diam. or Side Round in Square in Diam. or Side Round in Square in in in. lbs. lbs. in in. lbs. lbs. I-16 -01 12 •0142 I 5-16 4*933 6-281 'A -0447 •0570 I y% 5-414 6-893 3-16 •IOI2 •1282 I 7-16 5-918 7*534 >( •1790 •2279 I % 6-443 8-203 5-16 -2796 •3560 1 9-16 » 6-991 8-90: y& -4047 •5127 I % 7-563 9-627 7-16 •5486 •6978 I 11-16 8-155 10382 'A •7159 -91 1 5 I X 8-789 11-165 9-16 -9050 1-154 1 13-16 9-407 11-977 % 1-118 1-424 1 ^ 10117 12-817 11-16 1-353 1723 I 15-16 11-799 13686 X r6ii 2-051 2 11-454 14-583 13-16 1-891 2-407 2>^ 12-932 16463 ^ 2-194 2-791 2X 14-496 '8-457 ' 15-16 2529 3-204 2^ 16-152 20-565 I 2-863 3646 2;^ 17-896 22-786 I 1-16 3-233 4-116 1% i9'73i 25-I22 I A 3-624 4-614 2% 21-6^5 27-572 1 3-16 4-038 5-141 2^ 23-670 30-135 I X 4-474 5-697 3 25-771 i 32-8 n h Jo UOT. Weight in lbs. 245 "437 25786^ 270*595 283*634 296-979 310*632 3M'59i 338-857 353*430 414*789 481*057 552-234 628*320 709*314 795'2i7 Jo r \< m 98r7';o ii87*9T \ Hi-i 14137 K^ \L Foot, P H hh Square in lbs. CT w 6-281 6-893 ^ 7*534 8-203 ¥-1 8-90; H 9-627 1 t/; < 10382 u 11*165 11-977 12*817 13686 14-583 1646J '8*457 • 20*565 22*786 25*122 1 27-572 30-135 32-813 CANADIAN CONTRACTOR'S HAND BOOK. ^^ N n N N fOcOfOf'*^^'^^^"^ io«4_« vO t^ t^OO 00 o c^ o o 53 r» f-> t >^ "* N O CO O -2 ►.! Loro-< QNt^iorOMOO ■^^ i-^r*-) OwQ ri CO l.'^ — r^ O f "^ "^ <7\0 ro 00 ro O l^ O "^00 hi i/->co N -O O^ fO t^ O 00 >^i r> 'o 00 n vO d\ ro rA o" "i-co' ri «n ro O i^ "o ri On K. rt- >-< c>vd "t 00 roco' !/-> m uo-O O vO r^ l^OO 00 CO ON ON O -^ - ri ro f^. -^ ^nvO \0 t^OO O^ -" ri H-ih^«HH-.MhHH-.>HM.-.HHi-Hr/irOi— Ot^u^ro—' G\irii-i i\roON"^|-i h-, coOn'oO r> "+nO '"^ '^ ^ "-S '^ f^ ON "-> ri OnsO ro 0> <■■-) i-^ O •^ r^ « i--> /-j r^ m on m O t^ rt ^•00 CTNq O HH M (Nj ro-T}-Tt u~t\0 nOOO On— r) ro— ;2 C> H nO On r» LTiod "-I Tf- i\ o fSo rJ CO* in — ' r-^ CO (> ij"* -- CO -f d rJi -r}- t--^ ro '^ ^ rj- u-> u-> LOO vO O r--. r^ t^OO CC On O O '-' -^ C) tO rO rf- < aO t^ CO :^ tnvO r>.oo On O ri ro "^ loO CO On >-< rOO "X) O rOnir^O n r)-l^M\0 <-> <-> r\<^0"''orjco "^OvO rioo 'tr^ON^-i cr)<:> 00 O n >n t^ on '- md O m 10 ri q >> "^ ''9 q ^ <3 ro H- CO O — \0 M t--. n r^ ro jo rocxa ro On On U O 'i- t~^ O n LTNcd >- rovd On ri -i- t\ rOOO- 'tf On 10 d O — t\ M 06 fO -rf vO f^ <^rrirf'::l--ri--^ioLnij-i LOO NO nO r^ t^oo CO ON o O ~ ►- ri r< fo ■^ lo-o in o c h M i^sH^vO O '+0^r<-)r~>sr^vr; '-' to"^N •-< O ONr^vo lo-^N >-< O t^«-or> Lo o O I-" r^ H r^ cooo •^ONLoQ — rjro r-rt lo\o t\oo OnO "-" rj -rt-o uJ-^CNCOiO CS f^»-isO o loOn-^Onco t^vO iJ^'^rort "-h d ONv^OO^O ^^rt £ dv i-< 'i-o d^ <-' -^vd d^ — rovO 06 'rod fSco rood rnco' ro r-^ ri r^ K. r-L t^ M ro ro CO fO Tf Tj- ■<* '5- Lo i-o Lo u-io nO l^ t^OO COONONOO'—'-'rjrO'^ JNTj-O\TfON"^0 10 O Q •-" >-< i-H i-i o Onoo i\>nM O r^"~iroocoiot\Ooo moo O^ -^ On Tj-CO rooo <"'-)t^nt^NvONO>J-i>'^.-^'i-rorOMrir^ ,/nO CO ON -H rj -rt iJTk t\oo O I-" ro -^ r^ O <"Ovo ONrj ".cc •-' '^rt^Ovo i-it^ £ 'tj- ^ CO >- ri Lo t-^ dv i-"- rf \o' od d -rf d^ r-«* vd d "^i- d^ ro r-^ ri d d\ r^ n f.X n rOOrOrOr^'^Tl-'^Tj-iOLOir-vONO t^ r--~CO OOOOONONQ'-'—'ri ONONO'-'ririr^-rf lomd vO t^oo O ■rt-co Lor^i-i LoONror^"-! loOncom O^ r~N.vo ■^ r» >-( ONCO vO "^ ro O ro LO i^ dN 1— ro ^^-vd od d ri vd ri d -H rn Tj-vo r^ONQ ri '^lor-^o fovo Qoovo '^ri o ONr^Lom>-ioo ■^O r^foo t^-^i-H r^ri-HHOo «j->co n vo ri ONfor-vO -^00 H- "j^o^r^vo N r) r> r) m to co ro m ■rj- t}- •^r rt- lo lo^o no no tv. t^ t^oo 00 CO •-< 00 ON O O t^i-i iy-iONfOt\i-i uoONrot^>-i Loroi-i 0\t^Tj-r> OoovO Tt-r» OvO r^co O ■^t^O ■^t^i- Tfl-^i- TfOO wCO LowOO Lorj ONir-M OnnO fOvO O <"0 ^. (-1 \0 I-I t-^ r^ t^ roco CO O^ -^ On iJ^ lOvO t^ t^OO On On O '-' ►- f^ <^ "^nO t^ £ \d r~^ On d ri ro tj^vd ©d d^ 1— ' ri ■^ r-^ O rovd d^ ri lo On ri locd •-« i^ ro on HH i-< 1-1 M M r< rj rj m n rocoroco-:J-'^'^T}-LOLo u-^vo no no t^ t^oo 00 ri On^o cOi-hoo Lori ONt^'^'-'OO noo >-iso r^ On r) vooo O roo CO "-i Tt-r^ONovd On i-J tf-^d o^ ^ ""_i_Mi-,i-i^-.»-cMnrir)NnMromrocOTt O r) Tf ON ro t^ I-I nO "-h OnCO rj r^ fOOO "<+ On "^ lOvO t^i-ivo O "^ON'Ti-for) "fvO ds ►-" fOvd •-< nO •^ Tj- t:!- u-i VO io\0 nO t^ ONt^cocooo OnO "-i n ri ro'^io io\0 t^co On *-• M C rj "^voco n t^i-i inONrot^i— LoONfor^'orfrj I-I O Onoo r-^vo ■^rO'i ONX)vO«J^ro>-< Oco u~>M On ^ Tt "^ "^ Lo\0 nO no rl-O CO O f^ '^nO CO u;t^vO'^"^"^tor< — od dN d ■-< <^ f*^ "^ >j^o r^ t ;^ wvo O rorvO rrt^i-i tooo r> "^ ro O r-. '^ •-' Onvq ro O t>>. «j^ r» no ra (Oioo r>^ On O I-" ro ■^ 10 1^00 '-> -i-^O On ri tj- r^ o co loco ►-< \0 ^ xr, ^ r-^rnONvorioo rfONO nco <-> roint^O n -rfrv-ON-i ^^nO O ■° lAvd NO t>. i^od <> O^ d ►•< >-« ri ri rj- >o\d r^ on d ■-•- ri ro O •'^ ri t^ LO ON ri '4- o u M.S \^ Sfl \^ X.^\M Nj. •h\ h<\ f^N '-' X l-f^, "TS r» n ri r< ro rr co m - rf Tf- rf u-1 in\0 O VN t^ t-^OO CO ON O^ O O '-' n f«^ •+ 54 CANADIAN contractor's HAND BOOK 05^ '-nsO t^OO O O '-' n ^ n n CI n n M (S rvoo O O N M n f^ .J? (/I 0. 5?: O o oo O ro^ : P^ I^ r* -I ; CI t^ ri r^ n ci cj cj 00 00 ■- 00 vO Tj- -1 o O — f o '^ r<-) f^ r-^ fO CO OvO N Q i*^ b "f vO l^ ON O CO CO CO -^ 00 ■* '- t^ O^ c^ "^ r~v vp ,'*.-' oo <> '^ O CO •- CO TtO ^ -t- 'i- ^ j 00 O CJ -"^ M u c o lyi C o H O cj OvO CO _-4-'0 ON N Qs ;_ ro\b On NH M CO i-i r n M "~i t^ ON "-1 O r^ -i" c> in r^. o CO Co' b rO >^ "^sO t^co C< M CO C) CO "^ I--V On O^O CO o iriOO >-' "^ f^ b> CI --t- ON O C) ro M CO CO ro 00 >n M On nO On _n '^ MD 00 "-I CO •^ >^ t^OO CO CO CO 'O :s MD O "^ O ON 'TfOO CO ■ O '-' — c^ :£oo O^ r^oo — C) M 8:: CO ON -^00 t^ « sO O _M CO fO _-t •-I CO ■T}- ir-i CI CO •^- "~i C) CI CS M cooo N r^ Ln On •^CO Tj- rt m l.-> md r ^ 00 ON vO t^^ ON CI n N CI r-^ w <0 CO r^ r< vO O o t^ rv b "-I N CO "-I CI CO -^ CO CO CO CO O r^ "^ M oo O^ — CO jj P 00 f^ J*^ ir\\0 r^oo O 1^ "^ ri "~ivo ^y O CO ~ O^OO vO \0 »n >/■> On O — C4 •-I M CI (S X "— r> CI n CO On "~> I-" £vo CO CI CO "Tf x^vo d CO CO CO CO CJ «- O t^ CO ON jn b On 'r-^\JD M CO ICN r-^ vD ;^ CI p «/-i i-n 1/-1 iri CO -f m'O N r< "^i c< -t Tt -rf I/-1 ONoo r^Np p o f^ Ow • n ro M O O « c; CO M N CI M On o n ^ 00 t^ ]r\ CO ^ -^ "rf -t t^OO On O n M c^ CO Vi-i rj- CO N ^"^ P ^ CI b^.oo vb >o CO •^ tr\\0 N M (< CS On N »'^ On vO CO On 'o ^ 0^ cOvp p £ In CO b OO M- CI CO CO r< inoo ►-" ri 00 -1- •-> «n ci b »^ -rf ino m3 r-^ CO o o 00 Cl o ON T CI c>\b r^OO 00 On t-v O conO M On '^ — COvp p .-t O ►- >-< N CI CI W N « Tt O nO CI t-^ - -too ^;CO O .- CI :£ in ci i: rf ON o o •-< oo -1- O NO — m On M Tt [r^^ OO b NO CI OO M CI CO CO n t>v CO Cv \0 ON coo On P _ri _rO ^- — k. CO rt 'n msC in 1-1 vO c O Tt r-x « jnvp r->. 0\ CN >n •-< t^ vO t^OO 00 :s \0 Tt CO r< 00 1/) £no O On P'OO in 'JO On t^oo 00 >- Onoo r^ Cl CI CO -t t^O in ■^ >n O «n O On O O '-' vO "-t CO N invO t^V CO CI >-> p ij-i O >n b i-i Cl Cl CO ON On O -« p^oo 00 _r>. ■-t ON "-t On CO CO t -t X. ! i >p r« 'i'vO t^ On o 00 vb vO Cl Onv vvO 'vO O CO t>^ mO vO vO lAvO hxOO 0\ O «-• M « M Cl N N Cl M C« tvOO On O N M M f<-) .■.![l.J.^,j.Li;* Q (A O ^ A to p4 o < U H W b, w o « CO w H CANADIAN contractor's HAND BOOK. r«5 o « H CO x: a. ^fOOf*^»-iWrONi-cOfnr<-)MOOfOC>'-. '^^ '■^ "^ c vO >0 vO vO ►-1 "^ fO'N^'^+'l^^'N^J- t-n ir>\"' \<« \oo r-i\ i-\ -.\ •-. X ~ N ""N ■- ^ ""X — \ -g vO t^ O O M "+ lo^o r^ Qv O I-" N ro 'I- loo oo Qv .S '/I '-' r- "1 U i/ NpO VOO SM \N \pO SpO V ^.\j*.\^. \S 1^ t^ ti' M \SO SSO NOO Npo rX i^ t-l^ tvv 9 a o M a •(-J bo c 15 u p- ■»-> to (L) J2 S-i lO biD I "^ H ° o i2 c O w T) j: (1 w fct V c a> -J 'o ;? O •— I • r» ■^O f^oo p 'o o <^ rx. ri -t m p\ n \p cc f-J oo n vO O^vO fO O M n M CJ c< n N ro ro •■ t> o J3 X u 3 X:: Ms I X " so I X- vO X " M voo m u^O ^« fO 'n -I ro — m O M l-^ J^ 'n ri CO -t -< oo \0 "^ OO <"0 ►_ M KH N c) fO ro "<1- «^» in-o t^oo CO On r» n ro 't r^ o — M NH l-l 1^ M !»• f-l 8. ^ VM 2 V^- - a o u u a rJ-S to c O J 3 13 l-i c2 3 3 3 5 I ^VO ON U^S\ -'n "^s "^x -p. « N M ""O fO "t "i" "^O tvOO O^ O — M fO 1- tr^sO r^oo O^ O M "f 55 56 CANADIAN contractor's HAND BOOK. Thickness in inches. Various Metals.— The Weight of a Superficial Foot. 7 1-16 3-16 X 5-16 ■1/ 78 7-16 H Q-16 1 1-16 H 13-16 15-16 I Wrought Iron. lbs. 2 526 5.052 7-578 10.104 12.630 15.156 17.682 20.208 22.734 25.260 27.786 30.312 32-839 35-365 37.891 40.417 Cast Iron. lbs. 2.344 4.687 7.031 9-375 11.719 14.062 16,406 18.750 21.094 23-437 25781 28.125 30.469 32.812 35.156 37.500 Steel. lbs. 2-552 5.104 7656 10.208 12 760 15.312 17.865 20.417 22.969 25.521 28.073 30 625 33 177 35-729 38.281 40833 Copper. lbs. 2.891 5.781 8.672 11.563 14.453 17.344 20.234 23.125 26.016 28.906 31.797 34.688 37.578 40.469 43-359 46.250 Brass. lbs. 2-734 5.469 8.203 10.938 13.672 1 6.4c 6 19.141 21.875 24.609 27'344 30078 32.813 35-547 38281 41.016 43.750 Lead. Zinc Thickness in inches. lbs. lbs. 3.708 2.344 I-16 7.417 4.687 y& 11.125 7.031 3-16 14-833 9-375 x 18.542 11.719 5-16 22.250 14.062 H 25.958 16 406 7-16 29.667 18.750 K 33-375 2 1 .094 9-16 37.083 23.437 H 40.792 25.781 11-16 44.500 28.125 H 48208 30.469 13-16 51.917 32.812 % 55-625 35-156 15 16 59-333 37.500 I Add for each side in Galvanized Iron .096 lbs. per ft. sup Wrought-Iron Pipes. — The Weight of a Lineal Foot. Bore in inches. A H 'A H H '/' iX 2 2H 1-16 lbs. .208 .289 .372 .455 .537 .620 .703 .868 1-033 1.199 % lbs. •497 .661 .827 1 .092 1.157 J-323 1.488 1.819 2.149 7.480 Thickness of Metal in parts of an inch. 3-16 1.3641 2.811 l'5^9| 3- 1 31 16951 3.472 1.860I 3.803 2.025! 4133 lbs. .869 1.116 1.364 1.612 1.860 2.108 2.356 2.852 3-348 3-844 4-34-^ 4-836 5-332 5.828 6.324 5-16 lbs. 1-324 1.653 1.984 2.315 2.645 2.976 3-307 3-968 4.029 5.291 5952 6-613 7274 7-936 8.607 lbs. I.861 2.273 2.687 3.100 3.513 3-927 4340 5.167 5-993 6.820 7.646 8.473 9.300 10.126 10.95^ lbs. 2.481 2.976 3-472 3.968 4.464 4.960 5-456 6.448 7-440 8.432 9.424 10.416 11.408 12.400 '.V392 7-16 lbs. 3.184 3761 4340 4.919 5-497 6.076 6654 7.812 8.969 10.126 11.284 12.441 13598 14756 15-913 lbs. 3-969 4.629 S.29I 5-952 6.613 7.274 7.9.36 9.258 10581 11.904 13226 14.549 15872 17.194 18517 Bore ill inch-js. H y2 H H 1 i/2 iH 2 2% lo O H O o OS H CANADIAN contractor's HAND BOOK. 57 Thickn«s« in inches. H 1-16 >7 H 31 3-1^ '5 H 9 5-16 )2 3y^ >6 7-r6 X 4 9-i6 7 ;^ I 11-16 5 H 9 13-16 2 ^ f3 15 16 3 I to ^5 O H a o 5 n OS H •saipui 1— NM l-l ^ in ^Nl-HI— II— ( l-||-«HH>-H CJM 1^ u o c I/I (A v B y la H :^ LTl O m O O — ii MfOrOrf '+i«~i Lovo vO t^ t^.OO £ n i-vo oooN'=rvOooi-i<"0 vrir^o>^ "•• •••. .... *... n •^vo 00 o . TfOO n vO «-i ir> ON -rfOO O CO t^ LTi -rf n i- O t^O iihHroLTi t^o\i-irj Tf sO 00 O M <"0 >n r^ ' M i-J ►.; i_' M ci m" M ri N O^OO O ir> -f ro r-vLoro >-icSr^»o coi-iO^tv. >-nriOco y. «/-,_(-,, rooo -to vOr)t~^fO Oir> — sc, ^►-JfO'^vOt~>>Oi-i NTl-ii->t>>.OOOnro ■— 1 i_i»^)_i»H HHrir^f^j 00 O O '-' vO CO 1-1 m ro r>. CI 'O CO fO Tt- Tt f< fi 'i- vn vO rv u^ l^ 0\ i-H CO •-O O •'^co '■'^ ^:- ■-; t^ "^ tJ- o M o t^o "^ CI rf I- CO "n CI CO m (N 00 O '"OO O '^ t\ — >n CO CI C< C lOvd vO CI 00 fO CI -t uri fv, i/ICO 1-1 ■^ H ci f O f^ CO O CI rO mvO r^ i-i rf r>. o CO en t}- rj- tJ- in vr» :;?^ ^ coo O ^ « CI CO COOO -rf O vO r^ O '— c< mco CI "^vO t^ On CO TtO t\ • noo « -rt O — CO •+ o o to m t^oo o 1-1 roo O ri ci ci ci CO "-I •^ i^ O en u-> cj 00 -1- ^ t\ >-i "-fO ov ^• "^ CO CO CO ro "4- "4 VN CO «noo m O Ln _X O « « £ I- o CO O CO inco 1— vO '— nO CI C) ro ro O CO C1 1^ COOO tJ- rf u-> in 00 On O •-< COOO "i- On C< n-i «:t in rj- in mvO 00 On O - nO CO i-i CO f>l N vO t^ r^o; 00 o^ ci ro T m \0 t^ »n t^ On — ro m f^ ri ri CO ro ro 1-1 c» ro -^ invO r^ CO On O . Cl -fvO OOOcirfvOOOi-co .nCvONi-i ^too C> \0 ifi Onoo r^ vO nO >n -rf ro Cl CI « O Onco 00 r-N. in -rt- ci — O « CI CO Tf invo l^ooONO ►-'"-ciro rfvOCOO CI O -t O^ CO r^ I- .-H o^ r^O -^ ro (V) ro in t^ On -^ ci ci N ci c4 CO ^ On Onoo 00 I^nO vO m 'rf .tJ- ro co .CO rwO »n •rf CO N 1-1 O ONOO t-vvO m Tf ro w On t^ ^r^mro >-iONC^»n ro — coO 'i-ciOco Onr^ro — O'-'Ci rofo^>nv£.r^t^oo O^O'-'i-i ci'i-inrs. m CI O X) vO *+ O in — \0 CI CO 00 O CI r<-, invO « CI ri ri ci n M 00 NO ro . in « hx J&sO ro On — « « ►I On t^ >n rOOO -t NO CI OnvO M CO ro Tf ro CO NO CI r^ ro Cl ON m CI in in\0 r^ T C< t^ On in — vO CO m Cl CO t^OO On On ro -to r^ 1/-00 — -f - ro -f On Cl ro r^ «- -t r^ in f^co ON in r^ ro <-• Cl „„„.^««i-i«Nn :it «? n >n r^ .a in m ~ q -; « in i-i 00 "^ ro invo i-i — N N ro CO • • • • NO ro On " rONO --0 Cl t^ Cl r^ Tj- Tf in m • • . a in — 00 'i- « -to ON rO:0 rOiO nO r^ r-^ • • • • Cl rv co>o "^ -f- in m 00 0^ « • • • • rooo -t ON l^ t^ Cl ro t m • • • ^ ON 00 CO t^ >n On -f ^ o^oo 00 JS CO Cv -1 - « rooo CO t^ r^NO vO m On ro r^ «- - CI N CO M t^ Cl in in -r -t 1-1 in CT^ ro CO ro ro -f I- ro ro Cl Cl f^ i_ in -rf in in in Cl Onoo ro « 00 r^ r^oo tv,o >n -t •t Cl 00 0^ - -> ro Cl -t Cl ro — "^ "* fm M 00 M M rovO ON y nO M 00 £ n m t^ - coo 0^ N in — r^ -t CO moo >-l M M N^ vnoo «-" -^ ro 0^ « roO 00 N Cl N Cl 00 « -t r^ in Cl CO -t « -l-O ON CO ro ro ro >- 'to On Cl r^ Cl t^ ■«t rf in m M -t t^ On rooo enoo r^ t^ -t 0\ 00 00 N CO «n ■> cOnO on ^ « CI CO - nO 00 Ov "- CI inoo N ln^O 1^ 0* 0000 tnoo — -♦ - CO 1 N4 ^M |h4 1-4 ON n CO in r^OO On t^ CO On - roo 00 N Cl N N Cl 00 >n « -to On ro ro ro CO ^5 'xaqaui ": M'.MM Onj(«0 V.f\O^NO Nf'O ^^ v^nOn*bvO I CO I m I IN. ON CO I in V99 .*.\ao \N~^»eV*\j« ••N-,'^ »«X l»i\ t^-, t>S *m •m tM tm N»>i«N*"* M it 58 CANADIAN contractor's HAND BOOK. 1 ■i •saqoiii "! H»P!AV N N n n m fO CO rn ^ ^ Tt rt 10 VO VO voO i> j= o _c c t/j c u IS H t-4 00 ON rx On ^. mON :2 t^ t^ O M M fO n rtO 00 ■<^0O N vO 00 00 dv ON -rfO 00 -^CO CO »- ON f^O d d >-< ri l-l 1-1 l-H l-l r) 'to 00 t\ — LT, ON rt CO -. On CO -^ 10 10 1-4 1"^ N^ t-H ri rtO 00 -"too n 00 "p ^9 N NO r^od On d iiH ^^ 1.^ ^^ ri >?l 1— t On ro ON ^vd NO 1 00 vO ^ fO vO rO O (^ i-^ t^od 00 HH 00 "-> 11 tJ- t^ ►- t "^ ON OO ON ^:0 ov -1 fO -to fno On n NO NO no r^ 00 •- fO r^ - .Tt rv LO ri 00 •^ tv.od 00 On Tto r-v ON fOO On •-I t^ CO On 0" d « ►-< ».H 1— 1 I-H HH rj CO VOO too ON n 10; r4 00 VO -4 ri CO CO ^ VO ^H NH HH 1.^ *^ ^ NO ON m ON fnO On N O n 00 lo M "^ r^ \r\ vr\ loO 10 1- 00 •^ l-l -^o 0-. cooo coco vd NO t^ K CO On n -rt t^ On ■^ ON -^ ON 00 00 On ON VO l-l 00 -^ ri >o i-x fO 10 10 « d -<''-<" ri ri ^»4 ».N 1— I 1— t ^ . it ^ ON O 00 6 .-• i^ O - N t-l C^^ f O Tj- N "-to 00 -^ - >-i q 'too CO 10 VO Lovd 5.894 6.736 6.262 7.157 6.631 7.578 6.999: 7.999 >-< n CO i^t n Tto 00 -^co no « 00 od ON CTN d "00 nO"-^ "^ « CO r-» -rt CO t\ 1-1 -too t<. t. CiO On n >o NO vd 0' rx t-^ 5? O < NO 1 1 ITS Tt-OO M O oo O "-^ fO O 00 O N ►- ON r^^o ri CO 10 r» T^ t^ i-H 10 ^ '^j- 10 10 vO 1 N 't Q 00 vO o :S M N 2.63I] 3.158 2-763; 3-315 2.8941 3-473 3.o26i 3.631 On 'O M 00 ri <^ t-x "H -^ rv CO -^ 4 '^ n 00 -^ On »oO JO ON q rOO ON VO 10 10 10 < 00 I- rj- t^ LO ri 00 rt 11 "^tO On CO CO CO CO fOO ON >-i t^ rO On n -^ r^ ON ^ -"t '^ " q £ "-« M to I-" « -1 N i-i ri fo Tt rl ri N N r^ t^oo rj CO -t 10 10 t^ On l-l ri ri ri fo 10 ri 00 On »0 l-l 00 C r> fO i-I ri ri ri .842; I 684 2.526 3.368 .895; 1.789 2.684 3.579 .947; 1.895 2.842 3.789 i.ooo" 2.000 3.000 4.000 i i « « ri M l-l r< CO '^ >o n "«tO 00 Tt Tt 't 4- VO "odT VO CO — ON VO l-l rv. COOO >- CO -^o t^ CO CO ro CO fO VO M « 1- r» r» 1- ri CO Tt VO ri H ri ri ri " CO tOOO "^ 10 10 — — >- n M • • • • NO NO 1 ;^8 :£ M M ONCo r>..0 r^ in fO w wiO r>.oo *^ *m *^ -mi 1 m »ooo 10 «0 11 M M n ^.4 K^ ).^ N^ fS c^ irr ri >o r-^ Q u-> 10 loo • • • ■ COOO -^ On !>. r^ n CO "t '^ ^4 1-4 N^ »M r» -t hv ON fO-O fOOO l^ t^ • ■ • • *<»ipnt ' I U H O O O H o M H O u Diam. of j Weight i Diam. of Weight Link in in. i ii. lbs. i Link in in. i in lbs. 1 1 ! i O O vO ro rv. m O r<-; lo O O CO ►I fO tn ro I-* -^ -■ M M M m CO - N LO f^ -N l-l l-l ►-* 1— I ro HH — ■-< ""X fn-\ t>Js l-l l-l l-l (S •^O O rOvO ro "~iCO -I 1^ HH 1— 1 * vO vO l-l l-l 7-^7 1— 1 l-l l-l ^.2 — » 1—1 "^ Q r^ O ci ro ro "^ ^.3 . c .2 a Vj. hh \00 l-l "N 1 f^ 1 ■a u E 3 J. u cl u o •r, c 'i3 U « • Weight in lbs. vd r'Ssd d vd n CO sd fO ro CJ M -H l-l < Width in ins. l^t^^l^ 8 (X| o cac3 H H H H^ n a\ o >-« "1 n M : 3 ^i^ H O o o o X Weight ' in lbs. n r-^0 ''l-^OMorot^s O r^co M ro p-i o LO -1 rO rv t^ rf ri CO -^ l-l -^ vd lAi l-l' CO 1-.* en lA t<. d c< n aM^rN.\o "^■^•^ NH l-H B. W. Width Gauge. in ins. 'ON "^ "X^ rl'v c^ fOMnMC^M^ii-iM l-l >- M IN CO fO ro "i- -i- 3 — cr O r^ fO O t^ ^ M "- r^ O LTi l-l o « O O^OO \0 vO X) CO ■CO yr\ 't LOCO ro O -I rt\0 -« O "-I a\ ro t^ CO o (^(j Lni-i \j -^ T^AJ in-^ iriou ^•^■-« (j i-i rrCJNr>vVO i-iCO Ln-^-Tj-iot^O ioi-i00v0\0 t^OfivO i-iOOsO d -<' CO lo r^ cf\ ►-< -^vd c?N ►-< -^ t~^ d ro K. d r}- r^ i-i »H M l-l l-l M >-i CI N r> M fO fO CO *^ tJ- "^ lo VO tr»\0 o >- O roc NOOOOLO lovO vO 1-1 ON '^ H- 0\Oni^-"^00 M f->.'-i »oO^"■< '^ CO fO On r< vO ~ O fO q C>W, 00 O N vd tv. t>. c^ d M fo lo IV.CO d n LO K. i_ii--< LO 1^00 CO LO On -i" O C> "- ^ r^ On ri loco ri fO CO fO fO rf rt rt r^co o rn t^vO lO CO |v^ ir> lo •rt- o.B. ^.« •-\ lOS "i , Ks n M n M M fO ro ro ro ro f O ro ro ^ ""N ""\ ms "-x "Ts '•I 1^ cJT O »o 11 O f > CO -f OnO rico -t-" rN.rfi-iOO L/^N r^fv^^ vO <^0 ^ t^ -f fOO "-' O n vO -i- 'oco loio r^ ro ri roco vO O M N ro >o r^ On ri 'ox) — >o On f9co_ f^oo -t O vc m On >-* I 1 ri ri ri ro ro •^ ri- lovd O t>. tx ifi O 0< t-^vO OnmD \0 On r^CC CI -1- O CO o f» r~. »o loco O n — r< Ti-u-»i~v,c>« — roco CO ►-" CO O On — nO '-t «>> ON CO NO M M n M (vi r^ l^tvw O\0 '^ro'o M Hn rovO ro "I ri 'o q *i-oq rj rv. N i-s n fn ro ro Tt rf lo lovd Q (/) NO NO NO ^ ^ "^ "^ - 7--7X7-^7^2;:^;;^v « i^;;>t:x^j: 6o CANADIAN contractor's HAND BOOK. Copper Pipes —The Weight of a Lineal Foot. f- Bore in inches. 3-i6 X 5-16 7-16 72 9:6 11-16 74 13-16 15-16 I 1/2 2 3 1-16 lbs. •189 •236 •284 •331 •426 •473 •520 •568 •615 •662 709 757 •804 '993 ri82 1-372 r56o 1750 1-940 2*128 2-316 yi lbs. •473 -568 •662 757 •851 •946 1-040 1-185 1-230 1-324 I -419 1-514 r6o8 1-703 2-081 2-459 2-833 3-217 3*591 3"975 4"352 4-729 Thickness of Metal in parts of an inch J/ 3-16 lbs. -851 •993 i'i35 1-277 1419 1-561 1-703 1-845 1-986 2129 2-271 2-412 2-554 2*696 3263 3-831 4-398 4967 5531 6-103 6-668 7-238 lbs. 1324 1-514 1-703 I -892 2 -08 1 2-270 2-459 2*649 2-838 3-027 3-216 3-405 3*594 3784 4-540 5*297 6-055 6-808 7-566 8-327 9081 9*737 5-16 lbs. 1-892 2-128 2-365 2 -60 1 2-838 3*075 3'547 3783 4-020 4'257 4*493 4-729 4-966 5-912 6-857 7-805 8-748 9694 10643 11-590 12-534 % 7-16 % lbs. lbs. lbs. 2-554 33II 4-162 2-838 3-642 4*54« 3-I2I 3*973 4-918 3406 4*304 5*297 3-689 4-635 5-675 3'973 4 -966 6-054 4-256 5*297 6-432 4-540 5-629 6-8II 4-824 5*959 7-190 5-108 6-290 7-568 5*392 6622 7*946 5-676 6-953 8-324 5-960 7*284 8-703 6-243 7-615 9-081 7-378 8-938 10595 8-514 10-264 12105 9-646 11-586 13-621 10-783 12-91 1 I5-J35 11-918 I4"234 16-647 13-C66 15-565 18-165 14-190 16-886 19-677 15*325 18-212 21190 Weii(ht per foot run in lbs. external and internal diameter in = 3-027 D2 - D'2, D and D' being the inches. Brass Pipes —The -Weight OF A Lineal Foot. Thickness of Metal n parts of an inch. Bore in inches. 1-16 H 3-16 X 5-16 H 7-16 H lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. 11)S. lbs. lbs. 3-16 •178 •447 •805 1252 1*790 2*428 3*132 3*937 % -226 •537 -940 1-432 2*015 2684 3*445 4295 5.16 -269 •626 1*074 1-611 2*260 2*953 3758 4653 y% •311 714 I 206 1 790 2*459 3*219 4069 5-009 7-16 •357 -805 1*342 1 981 2-684 3489 4*384 5369 Yz *403 -895 1-478 2-148 2908 3758 4-698 5*727 9 16 *447 -985 1-623 2-327 3*132 4-027 5 01 2 6-085 % -492 1076 1*745 2-e;o6 3*356 4295 5*324 6.445 11-16 •537 1176 1 880 2084 3*579 4*564 5*637 6'8oi H -584 1*253 2-013 2-863 3803 4*832 5*953 7-179 13-16 •6vS •342 2-147 3042 4-027 5-KX) 6-264 7616 'A ■((<) 1-430 2280 3.219 4248 5*369 6595 7-922 15-16 •704 1-509 2-404 3388 4-462 5.625 6-888 8-227 1 761 1611 2 '5 50 3*579 4-7(X) 5-926 72-53 8-590 I'A -8^0 1 1-790 2-819 3 939 5*165 6*493 7*830 9.308 CANADIAN contractor's HAND BOOK. 6l Brass Pipes. — The Weight of a Lineal Yoou— continued. Thickness of Metal in parts of an inch. 3-i6 1 lbs. Ibs- 3-089 4-315 Z-hl^^ 4-703 y^iA 5-01 r 3 890 5-369 4'43 5706 4"379 6-035 4-698 6-443 5*235 7-159 5774 7874 6-309 8-590 6-847 9-306 5-16 lbs 5-643 6 040 6-489 6933 7-362 7.780 8-277 9-174 10067 10-964 11-856 lbs. 6980 7-519 «-o53 8-588 9.107 9614 10 201 11-276 12-349 13-422 14-696 7-16 lbs. 8-458 9082 9-709 10-333 10-942 11-538 1 2 2 1 6 13-467 14-722 15973 17-225 lbs. 10.022 10-738 11-454 12-168 12-865 13-553 14-317 15749 17-181 18-812 20044 Weight per foot run in lbs. = 2-8634 D2 - D'2, D and D' being the external and internal diameter in inches. Lead Pipes.— The Weight of a Lineal Foot. Thick ness of Metal in parts of an inch. Bore in inches. 1-16 H ! 3- 16 X 5-16 lbs. H lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. 3-16 ' •243 •607 1-092 1-699 2-427 3-277 % . •303 •728 1-273 1-942 2-730 3-641 S-16 ■364 •850 1-456 2-184 3-034 4-004 H •425 '971 1-638 2427 3'337 4369 7-16 -485 I -092 1-820 2-670 3-640 4-733 'A •546 1-214 2-013 2-913 3-944 5-097 9-16 -607 1-335 2-184 3-155 4-248 5-460 H -667 1-520 2-366 3-398 4-551 5-825 11-16 •728 1-578 2-548 3-641 4-853 6-189 H •789 1-699 2-731 3-^73 5-157 6-553 13-16 •851 1-820 2-913 4 126 5-461 6-917 % •910 1-942 3095 4-368 5-764 7-281 15-16 •971 2063 3-276 4611 6-067 7-646 I 1-032 2-184 3'457 4-854 6371 8-009 iX 1-274 2-670 4-186 5-825 7585 9-466 i}i 1-517 3-155 4-915 6-796 8-796 10-923 iM 1 760 3-641 5 642 7-768 10013 12-375 2 2 00 I 4-127 6-372 8-734 11-223 13833 2H 2-245 4-607 7096 9-707 12-436 15-290 2^2 2-489 5-100 7-829 10-683 1 3 654 16-762 2H 2-729 5-583 8-554 1 1 650 14-869 18-204 3 1 2-971 6066 tin = 3*88: 9-286 j4 D2 - r 12621 16-080 19660 Weiph t per foot r )'2, n and D' being tl le external .ind interna 1 diameter in inches. 62 CANADIAN CONTRACTOR'S HAND-BOOK. THE WEAR AND TEAR OF BUILDING MATERIALS. At the tenth annual meeting of the Fire Underwriters' Association ot the Northwest, held at Chicago in September, 1879, Mr. \. W. Spalding read a paper on the wear and tear of building materials, and tabulated the result of his investigations in the following form : Material in Building. Brick Plastering Baintintj, outside Painting, inside Shingles Cornice Weather-boardin Sheathing Flooring Doors, complete Windows, complete Stairs and newel. . Base Inside blinds Building hardware. Piazzas and porches Outside blii.ds. . . . Sills and first-floor joints Dimension lumber Frame dwelling. Brick dwelling, (shingle roof.) Frame store. Cm Ui Vt- i ° c ^• 2 S •Si C . .2 E •Si C . .2 H 0) b c £ c 0) i2 c'.sS — • . tuo ^, OJ G C mS ^ 9. ^ M?3 '^ 9.S St- 4J 4) r: u «J ca TO OJ rt > < > < Oh > < 1-^ — 75 1/8 — 20 5 30 3'A 16 6 5 20 7 14 5 20 '/ 14 7 14 5 20 16 6 lb 6 16 6 40 2% 40 2K 30 3^ s-^ 3% — 30 SM 50 2 50 2 40 2% 20 5 20 5 13 8 30 3M 30 3^ 25 4 30 3M 30 3M 25 4 30 3'.^ 30 3'A 20 5 40 2^ 40 2 '.{> 30 3M 30 3'A 30 3>J 30 3^ 20 5 20 5 13 8 20 5 20 S 20 5 16 6 16 6 16 6 25 4 40 2K 25 4 SO 2 75 IM 40 2K Biick store, (shingle roof. >4-l ^ c . 2 c ,—* . ».. -3

»-, D OJ < .-ou 66 30 6 6 16 40 so' 13 30 30 20 30 30 13 20 16 30 66 3^ 16 16 6 2|4 2 8 3M 3>i S 35^ 3.'i 8 5 6 3>^ These figures represent the averages deduced from the replies made by eighty-three competent builders unconnected with fire-insurance companies, in twenty-seven cities and towns of the eleven Western States. CANADIAN CONTRACTOR'S HAND-BOOK. ^>3 SASH WEIGHTS REQUIRED FOR THE FOLLOWING SIZED WINDOWS : lLS. ation of the ding read a esult of his Biick store, bhingle roof.) 5 c . .2 E • «-• ^ J !2 C.5 c uo a C " c : a) ?J rt 3>^ D, ^- * i-, oT ^ 30 3K 6 16 6 16 16 6 40 2M 50' 2 13 8 30 3,^i 30 3>i 20 5 30 3^' 30 3ij 13 8 20 5 16 6 ?o 3M i6 iK s made by companies, SIZE OF GLASS. 10 10 12 10 10 10 10 12 12 14 X 10 X 12 X 12 X 12 14 14 12 10 12 15 12 I? 14 10 10 12 12 14 14 14 14 12 15 14 16 14 15 16 18 20 15 16 16 18 X 18 X 20 X 22 X 18 20 36 20 24 X 22 X 40 44 36 22 24 18 20 22 24 40 44 22 48 THICKNESS. I^ (( a i( u <( « « u (( (( u (( (( (( ct (( (( u (( tt (( (( <( (( (t (t « (> It NO. OF LIGHTS. 12 8 % 13 12 8 8 8 8 8 12 S 8 8 8 8 4 12 8 8 4 4 4 12 12 12 12 8 8 4 4 13 4 WEIGHT— LBS. 6 6 6 7 7 7 i 7 7 c 7 ^ 7 43 8 03 8 U 8 ,0 8 0) 8 u 3 8 cr 0) 8 >-l tn y 4-1 9 ;.' 9 0) 9 V4 9 3 9 U^ 10 10 10 10 :^; 10 10 10 10 II 12 STAIRCASES-PROPORTION OF TREADS AND RISERS. WIDTH OF HKIGHT OK WIDTH OK HKIGHT OK TREAD. KISKR. TRKAD. RISKR. 6 inches S}4 inches. II inches 6 inches 7 •• 8 II 12 It S'A " 8 M 7H " 13 <• 5 / " 9 M 7 " 14 II 4>^ M fO M 6>^ M 15 1. 4 -A 4 •mmmmmmmmmmmnif fwf^mmw \\ 64 CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. I TABLES Showing Amount of a Workman's Wages from 15 Cents to 45^ Cents per Hour, FOR ANY* NUMBER OF HOURS, F/^OM I TO 120 (A FORTNIGHT). CA NAD IAN CONTRACTOR'S HAND-BOOK 65 AT 16 CENTS PER HOUR. | AT \h% CENTS PER HOUR. His. i\ni t. Hrs.j 3o| Am't. 4-57 Hrs. 6oi Am't. 9.07 Hrs. 904 Am't. 13-57 Hi^7 Am't. Hrs. 30 i Am't. 4-73 Hrs. 604 Am't. Hrs. 9o\ Am't. 9-38 14.03 31 465 61 9.15 91 13-65 31 4.80 61 9-45 9\ 14.10 31.^ 4.72 6ih 9.22 9^h 13.72 3i-i 4.88 6i^ 9-53 94 14.18 e 0.30 3a 4 80 62" 9-30 92 13.80 2 0.31 32 4.96 62" 9.61 92 14.26 2}f 0.37 32^ 4.87 62^ 9-37 92.\ 13-87 2k 0.39 32^ 5- "4 62 .'j 9.69 1 92i 14-34 3, 0.45 33 4-95 63, 9-45 93 13-95 3. 0.46 33 5- 1 1 63" 9.70 1 93 14.41 3.^ 0.52 33i 5.02 63.^ 9-52 932 14.02 3^ 0-54 332 5-19 634 9.84 i 93i 14.49 4 0.60 34 5.10 64 9.60 94 14.10 4 0.02 34 5- 27 64 9.92 94 14-57 4l 0.67 34^ 5- 17 (^4i 9.67 94h 14-17 4h 0.70 34^ 5-35 64i iO.OO 94^ 14-65 5 0-75 35, 5-25 65 9-75 95, 14.25 5 0.77 35, 5- 42 •55, 10.07 95 14.7a 5.^ 0.82 35.!^ 5-32 6si 9.82 9Si 14.32 5h 0.85 35i 5-50 65^. 10.15 95A 14.80 6 0.90 36, 5-40 66 990 96 14.40 6 0-93 36 5-58 66 10.23 96 14.88 6i 0.97 36^ 5-47 66^ 9-97 96^ 14.47 H 1. 01 36i 5-66 66^ 10.31 96^ 14.96 7 i.os 37, 5-55 67 10.05 97 14-55 7 1.08 37 S-73 67 10.33 97 15-03 7i 1. 12 37i 5.62 67i 10.12 972 14.62 7\ i.i6 37i S.81 67i 10.46 97\ 15-11 8 1.20 38 5-7" 68 10.20 98 14.70 8 1.24 38 S-89 68 10-54 98 15-19 H 1.27 38^. 5-77 68i 10.27 984 14-77 8i 1.32 38I S-97 68i 10.62 98i 15-27 9 1-35 39 5-85 59, 10.35 99 14.85 9 1-39 39, 6.04 ^9" 10.69 99, 15-34 9h 1.42 392 5-92 69.4 10.42 99i 14.92 9^ 1.47 39-2 6.12 694 10.77 99i 15.42 lO 1.50 40 6.00 70 10.50 100 15.00 10 1-55 40 6.20 70 10.85 100 15-50 lo.i 1-57 40a 6.07 70^ 10.57 lOoA 1507 xo\ 1.63 40.^ 6.28 7oi 10.93 100^ 15-58 II 1.65 41 6.15 71 10.65 101 15' IS II 1.70 41 6-3o 71 11.00 101 15.66 l^h 1.72 41.^ 6.22 7i| 10.72 lOI^ 15-2- "i i.yS 44 6.43 71 -i 11.08 lOI^ 15-74 12 1.80 42 6.30 72, 10.80 102 IS- 30 12 1.86 42 6.51 72 i.m6 102 15.82 I2l 1.87 42^ 6.37 72k 10.87 102^ 15-77 124 1-94 42I 6-59 72.^ 11.24 I02| 15.90 13 1-95 43, 6.45 73 10.95 103 15-45 13 2.01 43 6.66 73, 11.31 103 15-97 132 2.02 43^ 6.52 73h 11.02 io3i 1552 13^ 2.09 43i 6.74 732 11-39 i03i 16.05 14 2.10 44 6.60 74 II. 10 104 15.60 14 2.17 44 6.82 74 11.47 104 16.13 14^12.17 1 44.^ 6.67 74^ II. 17 io4i IS- 67 144 2.25 44i 6.90 74i 11-55 io4i 16.21 15 2.25 45 6.75 75 11.25 los 15-75 15 2.32 45 6.97 75, 11.62 105 16.28 152 2.32 45i 6.82 75i 11.32 losi 15-aa 154 2.40 4Si 7.05 75^ 11.70 losi 16.36 16 2.40 46 6.90 76 11.40 106 15.90 16 2.48 46 7.13 76 11.78 106 16.44 i6i 2.47 464 6.97 76 J, 11.47 1064 15-97 ^% 2.56 46^ 7.21 76:1 11.86 106^ 16.52 '^ -^•55 47 7.05 77~ "•55 107 16.05 17 2.63 47 7.28 77, 11.93 107 16.59 i7i 2.62 47^ 7.12 77h 11.62 107^ i6.ia i7i 2.71 47 J 7-36 77\ 12.01 107 -4 16.66 18 2.70 48 7.20 78 11.70 108 16.30 18 2.79 48 7-44 78 12.09 io8 16.74 18^ 2.77 48.i 7.27 78i 11.77 io8i 16. a7 i8.i 2.87 482 7-52 78^ 12.17 io8.\ 16.82 19 1 2.85 49 7 35 79 11.85 109 16.35 19 2.94 49 7-59 79, 12.24 109 16.89 19^ 2.92 49i 7-42' 79i 11.92 io9i 16.42 i9i 3.02 49!^ 7.67 79^ 12.32 io9i 16.97 20 1 3.00 50 7-50 80 12.00 110 16. sa 20 3.10 50 7-75 80 12. 40 110 17.05 20.^ 3-07 5oh 7-57 80^ 12.07 HO^jj 16.57 20^ 3.18 5oi 7-83 8oi 12.48 110^17.13 21 1 3-15 5\ 7-65 ^^ 12.15 III 16.65 21 3-25 51 7.90 8i 12.55 III 17.21 21^ 3.22 5'i 7.7* 8ii 12.22 111^ 16.72 21^ 3-33 54 7.98 8ii 12.63 iii| 17.29 22 1 3.30 52 7.80 82 12.30 112 16.80 22 3-41 52 8.06 82 12. 71 112 17-37 22^ 3-37 52A 7.87 82^ 12.37 II2I 16.87 22]^ 3-49 S2i 8.14 82i 12.79 1X2^ 17.45 23 23i 3-45 53, 7-95 83 12.45 113 16.95 23 3.56 S3 8.21 ^3, 12.86 113" 17.52 3-52 53i 8.02 83^ 12.52 ii3i 17.02 23^ ^■^^ S3i 8.29 83i 12.94 ii3i 17.60 24 24^ 3.60 54 8.10 84 12.60 114 17.10 24 3-72 54 8..q7 84, 13.02 114 17.68 3.67 54l 8.17 84^ 12.67 ii4i 17.17 24^ 3.80 54i' 8.45 84i 13.10 114^ 17.76 25 25^ 26 26i 3-75 55, 8.25 85 12.75 115 17-25 25 3-87 55 8.53 ^5, 13-17 "5. 17-83 3.82 554 8-33 85i 12.82 "5i 17.32 2Si 3-95 55^ 8.60 85i 13-25 iiSi 17.91 3-90 56 8.40 86 12.90 116 17.40 26 4-03 56 8.68 86 13-33 116 17.99 3.9« 56^ 8.47 864 12.97 116J 17-47 26^ 4.11 s6i 8.76 86i 13-41 ii6i 18.07 27 405 ^7, 8.55 87 13-05 117 17.5.S 27 4.18 57, 8.83 87^ 13-48 117 18.13 27^ 28" 28J 4.12 57i 8.62 87i 13-13 «i7i 17.62 27i 4.26 S7i 8.f)i 87i 13.56 ii7'i 18.21 4.20 58 8.70 88 13.20 118 17.70 28 4-34 S«, 8.99 84 13-64 118 18.29 4.27 sH 8.77 S8h 13.27 ii8i 1^7 77 28^ 4.42 58i 907 88^ 13.7a iiSi 18.37 29 29J 4.33 59 8.85 89" 13-35 119 17-85 29 4.49 59, 9.14 89 13-79 119 18.44 4.42 59.i 8.92 89i 13-42 ii9i 17.92 29i 4 57 59i 9.03 89i 13.87 ii9i 185* 30 450 60 9.00 90 13-50 120 18.00 30 4-65 60 9-30 »*> 13.9s 120 18.60 66 CANADIAN contra,'::tor's hand-book AT 16 CENTS PER HOUR. AT 16 j^ CENTS PER HOUB 1 " -* krs. Ani't. Hrs. 302 lAm't. 1 Hrs. 60.1 Am't. Hrs. 90^ Am't. 14.48 Hrs. Am't. Hrs. 30.i Am't. 5.03 Hrs. 60I Ain't. Hrs 90^ Am't 14-93 HrT 4.88 9.68 9-98 31 4.96 61"" 9.76 91 14.56 31 5-II 61 10.06 91 15.01 31^ 5-04 6a 9.84 91A 14.64 3A 5.20 61 .i 10.15 91-^ 15,10 2 0.32 32 5.12 62" 992 92 14.72 2 0-33 32 5.28 62" 10.23 92 15.18 2 ^h 0.40 32 i 5.20 62^ 10,00 9A 14.80 2^ 0.41 32^ 5-36 62,'. 10.31 92^ 15,26 2! 3, 0.48 33 5-28 63 10.08 93 14.88 3 0.49 33 5-44 63^ 10.39 93, ^5-34 3 3i 0.56 332 5-36 634 10.16 93l^ 14.96 3^ 0.58 33-2 5-53 63^ 10.48 93il 15-43 k 4, 0.64 34 5-44 64 10.24 94 15.04 4 0.66 34 S-61 64 10.56 94, 15-51 4 4^ 0.72 34^ 5-52 64i 10.32 94^ 15.12 4i 0.74 34A 5-69 644 10.64 942 ^5-59 4^ 5, 0.80 35, 5.60 65 10.40 95 15.20 5 0.82 35, 5-77 65 10.72 95, 15-67 5 5h 0.88 354 5.68 65^. 10.48 95* 15.28 5i 0.91 352 5-86 65A 10.81 95^ 15-76 ' k 6 0.96 36 5-76 66 10.56 96 15-36 6 0.99 36 5-94 66 10.89 96 15-84 '; 6 H 1.04 36^ 5.84 66^ 10.64 96.^ 15-44 6^ 1,07 36i 6.02 66.1 10.97 964 15-92 ] ^h 7, 1. 12 37 5.92 67 10.72 97 15-52 7 1. 15 37 6.10 67" IT. 05 97 16.00 7 7h 1,20 372 6.00 674 10.80 97^ 15.60 7\ 1,24 37i 6.19 67A II. 14 972 16.09 7h 8 1.28 38 6.08 68 10. 88 98 15.68 8 1-32 38 6.27 68" 11.22 98 16. 1-/ 8 8i 1.36 38i 6.16 681 10.96 98J 15-76 8A 1.40 38i 6-35 68 .i 11.30 984 16.25 8i 9, 1.44 39, 6.24 69" 11.04 99 15.84 9 1.48 39 6.43 69" 11.38 99 16.33 9 9h 1-52 39^ 6.32 69i II. 12 99^ 15-92 9-^ 1-57 39^ 6.52 69^ 11.47 992 16.43 9i lO 1.60 40 6.40 70 11.20 100 16.00 10 1.65 40 6.60 70 11-55 100 16.50 10 lO^ 1.68 404 6.48 yoh 11.28 looi^ 16.08 lo! 1.73 40^> 6.68 702 11.63 100^ 16. c8 10,^ II 1.76 41 6.56 71" 11,36 101" 16.16 II 1.81 41 6.76 71 11.71 lOI 16.66 II "i 1.84 44 6.64 7ii 11.44 lOI^ 16.24 14 1. 90 41^ 6.85 7A 11.80 lOI^ 16.75 14 12 1.92 42 6.72 72 11.52 102 16.32 12 1.98 42 6-93 72 11.88 102 16.83 12 12.!; 2.00 42i 6.80 72.7 11,60 102^ 16.40 12I 2.06 42^ 7.01 722 11.96 102^- 16.91 I2i '3, 2.08 43, 6.88 1 ^ 1 73 11.68 103 16.48 13 2.l4 43 7.09 73 12.04 103" 16.99 13 132 2.16 43i 6.96 73h 11.76 i03i- 16.56 13* 2.23 43i 7.18 732 12.13 i03i 17.08 ^3h 14 1 2.24 44 7.04 74 11.84 104 16.64 14 2.3I 44, 7.26 74 12.21 104 17.16 H 14A 2.32 443 7.12 74^> 11.92 104 J, 16.72 144 2.39 442 7-34 74^. 12.29 104^ 17.24 14 J^i 2.40 45, 7.20 75 12.00 105" 16.80 15 2.47 45 7.42 75 12.37 105 17-32 15 2,48 45i 7.28 75.^ 12.08 1052 16.88 i5i 2.56 7-51 75i 12.46 1052 17.41 ^Sh 16 i6i 2.56 46 7-3^ 76 12.16 106 16.96 16 2.64 S' 7-59 76 12.54 106 17.49 16 2,64 402 7-44 76I, 12.24 io6i 17.04 i6i 2.72 46^ 7.67 76.!, 12.62 io6,^ ^7-57 16.1 2.72 47 7-52 77 12.32 107' 17.12 17 2.80 47 7-75 77 12,70 107 17-65 17 2.80 472 7.60 77k 12.40 io7?i 17.20 ^7\ 2.89 47-^ 7.84 77h 12.79 107I 17-74 ^7h 18 x8^ 2.88 48 7.68 78 12,48 io8' 17.28 18 2.97 48 7-92 78 12.87 108 17,82 i8 2.96 48?, 7.76 78.^ 12,56 108.1 17.36 i8i 3.05 48 i 8.00 78>. 12.95 108^ 1 7. CO 18^ '^1 3-04 49 7.84 79 12,64 109 17.44 19 3-i3 49, 8.08 79 13- "3 109 17.98 19 3.12 49i 7.92 79^ 12.72 109,^ 17.52 194 3.22 492 8.17 79^ 13.12 109^ 18.07 ^9h 20 3,20 5°i 8.00 80 12,80 no 17.60 20 3-3° 50 8.25 80 13.20 no 18.15 20 20^ 3.28 Soh 8.08 80I 12,88 110.^ 17.68 20. J 3-3^ 5oi 8.33 80-i- 13.28 iioj 18.23 20J- 21 21^ 3-36 5\ 8.16 81" 12.96 Ill" 17.76 21 3-4^ 51 8.41 81 13-36 III 18.31 £1 3-44 54 8.24 8ii 13.04 114 17.84 24 3.55 54 8.50 84 13-45 in^ 18.40 5 24 22 22| 352 5^1 8.32 82 13,12 112 17.92 22 3-63 52 8.58 82 '3-53 112 18.48 22 3.60 524 8.40 82 J 13,20 112,1 18.00 22^ 3-7^ 52i 8.66 82^ 13.61 112^ 18 56 22^ 23i 3-68 53, 8.48 83" 13.28 113 18.08 23" 3-79 53 8.74 83 13.69 113 18.64 23" 3-76 53i 8.s6 83.^ 13-36 II3I 18.16 232 3-88 1 532 8.83 83^ 13-78 "3i 18.73 234 24 24i 3-84 ^\ 8.64 84 13-44 114 18.24 24 3-9^^ 54, 8.91 84 13-86 114 18.81 24 3.92 54i 8.72 84,^ 13-52 ii4[, 18.32 24i 4.04 54 i 8,99 84^ 13-94 114^ 18.89 24i 25i 4.00 55 8.80 85" 13,60 "5 18.40 25 4.12 55 9.07 85 14.02 "5 18.97 25 4.08 55^ 8.83 85^ 13.68 "Si 18.48 25-^ 4.2I 55^ 9.16 85'^ 14. II iiS'i 19,06 25i 26 26| 4.16 5^1 8.96 86 13.76 116 18.56 26 4.29 56 9.24 86 14.19 116 19.14 26 4.24 56i 9.04 86^ 13.84 ii6i 18.64 26i 437 S6i 9-32 86A 14.27 ii6i 1 9. 22 26^1 27 28 28^ 432 57 9.12 87 13.92 117" 18.72 27 4.4S 57, 9.40 87 M-35 117 19.30 27 4.40 57^ 9.20 87i 14.00 117'' 18.80 27i 4-54 57^ 9-49 87^ 14.44 117^ 19-39 27^ 4.48 58 9.28 88 14.08 118' i3.88 28 4.62 58 9-57 88 14.52 118 19.47 28 4-56 58A 9-36 88i 14.16 Ii8| 18.96 281 4.7" 58i 9-65 88^ 14.60 118^ 19-55 281 29 29i 4.64 ^"^1 9.44 59" 14.24 119" 19.04 29 4.78 59, 9-73 89 14.68 119 19.63 29'| 4.72 . 59i 9.52 89i 14.32 1 192 19. 12 29^ 4.87 592 9.82 89-, 14-77 119'^ 19,73 29.1 ; JO 4.80 60 9.60 1 90 14.40 120 19.20 30 4-95 60 9.90 yo 14.85 . X20 19.80 J°~ CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK 67 HOUR. AT 1 7 CENTS t. Hrs. Am't 16 '4 3 >i 29 37 ^6 54 32 70 79 37 35 ^3 12 20 28 36 45 53 61 69 78 86 94 02 II 19 27 35 44 ■52 ,60 .68 •n •85 90^ 9IA 92 922 93 93-^ 94 94i 95^ 96 96i 97, 975 98 98^ 99 99; 100 100^ lOI lOI^ 102 I02i 103 1034 104 104^ 105 1052 106 io6i 107 107^- 108 io8.\ 109 109^ no iioi III iii^ 112 112I 113 ii3'l 114 114I 1152 116 ii6i 117 117- 118 ii8i 119 1T9A !l20 14-93 15.01 15.10 15.18 15.26 15-43 15-51 15-59 15-67 15-76 15.84 5-92 16.00 16.09 16.17 16.25 16.33 16.42 16. so 16. c8 16.66 16.75 16.83 16.91 16.99 17.08 17.16 17.24 17' 32 17.41 17.49 17-57 17-65 17-74 17.82 17. CO 17.98 18.07 18.15 18.23 18.31 18.40 l8..^8 iB 56 18.64 1H.73 18.81 18.89 18.97 19.06 19.14 1 9. 22 19.30 '9-39 39.47 19-55 19.63 19.7a 19.80 His. Ain'L Hrs. 30: 315 2 0-34 32 2'. 0.42 32^ 3, 0.51 33, 3^ 0.59 332 4 o.bS .34. 4i 0.76 34^ 5, 0.85 35, 5i 0-93 35i b 1.02 .36, (>h 1. 10 36^ 7 1. 19 37 7h 1.27 37i 8 1.36 38, 8.1 1.44 38^ 9 1-53 39, 9i 1.61 392 10 1.70 40 10.!. 1.78 40 2 II 1.87 4', "2 1-95 41:^ 12 2.04 42 I2i 2.12 424 13 2.21 43, 13^ 2.29 432^ 14 2.38 44, X4i 2.46 44^ 15 2-55 45, 15^ 2.03 45^ 16 2.73 46 16.1, 2.80 464 '7 2.89 47, 17.^ 2-97 47i 18 3-06 48 18^ 3-14 48^ 19 3-23 49 ^9L! 3-31 492 20 340 ^°, 20^ 3-48 504 21 3.57 51 21I 3-65 51^ 22 3.74 52 22;^ 3-82 52^ 23 3-91 .S3, 234 3-99 53^ 24 4.08 54 24i 4.16 .54^ 25 425 55, ^5h 4-33 55^ 2b 4.42 ^^, r 26^ 450 56^ 27 4-59 57 27i 4.67 57i 28 4-76 S8 28A 4.84 58^ 29 4-93 59 2g,', 5-OI 594 ^30 S-io 60 Am't. 5.18 5-27 5-35 5-44 5-52 5-61 5-69 5-78 5.86 5-95 5.03 6.12 6.20 6.29 6.37 6.46 6-54 6.63 6.71 6.80 6.88 6.97 7.05 7-14 7.22 7-31 7-39 7.48 7-56 7-65 7-73 7.82 7.9c 7-99 8.07 8.16 8.24 8-33 8.41 8.50 8.58 8.67 8.75 8.84 8.92 9.01 9.09 9.18 9.26 9.35 9-43 952 9.60 9.69 9-77 9.86 9-94 10.03 10. 1 1 10.20 PER HOUR. Am'U Hrs, 60.1 61"" 6 1. 1 62" 62', 63" 63^ 64 64;') ^< 65^ 66 66i 67" 67^ 68 68^ 69 69^ 70 70J 71 74 72 72 J 73" 73^ 74 74i 75 75^ 76 764 77 77h 78 784 794 80 80^ 8i 84 82 82^ 83, 83i 84, 84^ ^5, 85^ 86 86^ 87 87^ 88 88^ 89 89,^ 90 0.28 0.37 f^-45 0-54 0.62 0.71 0.79 0.88 0.96 1.05 1-13 1.22 1.30 1-39 1-47 1.56 1.64 1-73 1.81 1.90 1.98 2.07 2.15 2.24 2.32 2.41 2.49 2.58 2.66 2.75 2.83 2.92 3.00 3-09 3-17 3.26 3-34 3-43 3-51 3,60 3.68 3-77 ^5 94 02 II 19 . 28 436 4-45 4-53 4.62 4.70 4-79 4.87 4.96 5-04 5- 13 5-21 5-30 Hrs. Am't. 902 91 91 924 932 9\ 94* 95j 96 96^ ^h 97i 98 982 99 992 00 oo| 0[ 04 02 02.', 03" 03^ 04 04 .V 052 06 06.^ o7h 08 oS.V 09 094 o oh I k 3 32 6 Ik 8 6. 6. 6. 6. 7- 7- 7- 7- 7- 7- 7- 7- 7- 7- 7- 7- 8. 8. 8. 8. 8. 8. 8. 8. 8. 8. 8, 8. 9- 9- 9- 9- y- 9- 9- 9- 9. 9 9- 9- 20. AT V1% CENTS PER HOUR. Hi 8Jt 20, 9 20. 9i'20, 20 1 20. .38 ■47 •35 .64 ,72 .81 ,89 .98 ,06 »S 23 32 40 49 57 ,66 74 83 91 00 .08 17 25 34 42 .51 ■59 68 76 85 ■93 02 10 19 27! 36 44 53 Oi 70 78 .87 95 04 12 21 29 38 46 55 63 ,72 80 89 97 06 14 23 31 40 02 4i 5h 6 ^h 7 7h 8 8^- 9 9l o 0.1 ■2h 3h 4 42 5 5^ 6 7 7\ 8 8^ 9 9\ 20 20^ 21 24 22 22^ 23 23^ 24 242 25i 26 26| 27 '^7h. 28 28i 29" 292 30 Am t. Hrs. 30^. Am't. Hrs. 60.'; Am't. Hrs. 90J Am't. 5-34 10.59 15.84 31 5- 42 61" 10.67 9^ 15-92 31A 5-51 6a 10.76 94 16.01 0-35 32 5.60 62^ 10.85 92 16.10 0.44 32i 5-69 62i 10.94 92.', 16.19 0.52 33 5-77 63 11.02 93" 16.27 o.Oi 33-S 5.86 634 11. II 93' 16.36 0,70 34 5-95 64 11.20 94 16.4s 0.79 34-i 6.04 644 11.29 944 16.54 0.17 35 6.12 65 11-37 95 16.62 0.9D 35^ 6.21 65A 11.46 954 16.71 1.05 36 6.30 66 11-55 96 16.80 1. 14 36^. 6.39 66i 11.64 96i 16.89 1.22 37 6.47 67 n.72 97 16.97 I-3I 37i 6.56 674 ii.8i 97'. 17.06 1.40 38 6.65 68 IX. 90 98 17.15 1-49 38^- 6.74 68i 11-99 984 17.24 1-57 39 6.82 69" 12.07 99 17.32 1.66 392 6.91 69A 12. 16 994 17.41 1-75 40 7.00 70 12.25 100 17.50 1.84 40^ 7.09 7o\ 12.34 100^ 17-59 1.92 41 7-'^7 71 12.42 lOI 17.67 2.01 44 7.26 74. 12.51 1014 17.76 2.10 42 7 35 72 12.60 102 17-85 2.19 42 .i 7-44 722 12.69 102I 17.94 2.27 43 7- .52 73' 12.77 X03*" 18.02 2.36 43 L- 7.61 73h 12.86 1034 18. 1 1 2.45 44 7.70 74 12.95 104 18.20 2.54 44.1 7-79 74-^ 13.04 104.!, 18.29 2.62 45 7.87 75 13.12 105" 18.37 2.71 45i 7.9:3 754 13.21 ios4 18.46 2.80 46 8.05 76 13-30 106 18.55 2.89 46 i 8.14 76.^ 13-39 io6i 18.64 2.97 47 8.22 77 13-47 107" 18.72 3.06 47i 8.31 77h 13-56 1074 X8.81 3-15 48 8.40 78 13-65 108 18.90 3-24 48^ 8.49 784 13-74 108^ 18.99 332 49 8.57 79 13.82 109' 19.07 3-41 492 8.66 794 1391 109.^ 19.16 3-50 50 8.75 80 14.00 no 19-25 3-59 50^ 8.84 80.^ 14.09 11O2 19-34 3.67 51 8.92 81 14.171 III" 19.42 3'7(^ 51A 9.01 84 14.26 mi 19-51 3-85 52 9.10 82 14-35 112 19.60 3.94 52.^ 9.19 824 14-44 112^ 19.69 4.02 S3 9.27 83 14.52 113"" 19.77 4. II 53-^ 9-36 83^ 14.61 "32 19.86 4.20 54 9-45 84 14.70 114 19-95 4.29 54 9-54 844 14-79 114I 20.04 4-37 55 9.62 85 14.87 IIS 20.12 4.46 55^ 9.71 85^ 14.96 1 154 20.21 4-55 56 9.80 86 1505 116 20.30 4.64 56^ 989 86h 15- 14 1164 20.39 4.72 57 9-97 87" 15.22 117 20.47 4.81 57i 10.06 87-i 15-31 ii7i 20.56 4.90 58 10.15 88 15-40 118 20.65 4.99 58i 10.24 SS,"* 15-49 "84 20.74 5. 07 59 XO.32 89" 15-57 119 20.8a 5.16 59^ 10.41 894 15.66 "94 20.91 5-25 60 10.50 90 15-75 120 21.00 miit0^^\ 68 CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK AT Hrs. Ani't 18 CENTS PEx. ..OUR. 2j 3 3i 4 4^ 5 5^ 6 6i 7 7h 8 9 9i lo II 12 12^ I^ i3i 14 I4i IS iSi i6 i6.i 17 i7i i8 i8i iq i»i 20 2o\ 2'. 2a 23 23i 24 a4i 25 ah 96^ 37' a7i aS fl8i pg aoi 0-54 0.03 0.72 0.81 0.90 099 1.08 1.17 i.n6 1-35 1.44 I- 53 1.02 1.71 ».8o 1.89 1.98 2.07 2.16 2.25 2. 34 2-43 2.52 2.61 2.70 2.79 2.88 2.97 3.06 3-15 324 3-33 342 3.51 3.60 3-69 3.7a 3-«7 3-9 6r 614 62 62.1 63" 63.1 64"! 64.1 65" 65.1 66 664 67 674 68 684 69 694 70 704 71 11.19 11.28 11.38 11-47 11.56 1 r . 05 11-75 [11.84 "-93 12.02 12. 12 12.21 12.30 12.39 12.49 12.58 12.67 12.76 12.86 12.9s 13.04 13- '3 13-23 13-32 13-4' 13-50 13.60 13-69 13,78 13-87 13-97 14.06 14- 15 14-24 14-34 1443 14-52 14.61 14.71 14.80 14.89 14.98 81415.08 714 72 72.', 73 73li 74 744 75 754 76 76.', 77 77h 78 784 79 794 80 80.J 81 82 82, \ 83 834 84 844 85 854 86 864 87 374 88 88 \ 8y; 90 15- 17 15.20 15-35 15-45 15-54 15-^3 15.7a 15.83 159' 16, 0() 16.09 16.19 16. a8 16.37 J 6. 46 16.56 16.65 Hrs. Ani'L 904 91 914 92 92.', 93' 93' 94 944 95 954 96 964 97 97'i 08 984 99 994 ICO lOO.J lOl lOI^ 102 102^ 1034 104 104', 105 1054 106 io6i^ 107 1 07 A 108" io8,J 109 •094 MO 1 10.^, Ill iiiA 112 112.J, "3 113', 114 114' "5 "5 116 Il6i "7* 117', 118" 118A iiy ii<>4 lao 16.74 16.83 16.93 17.02 17.11 17 JO 17.30 ly.^s i7.,=;7 17,07 1 7. 70 i7-«5 '7-94 18 04 18,13 1 8. 22 18,31 18.41 18,50 18.59 i8,fj8 iS,77 18.87 i8,g6 iu.05 J 9- 15 19.24 •9-33 I.>42 10,52 19.61 19.70 19.79 19,89 1Q.9S ^0,07 20.16 20.26 20.15 20.44 ao.fij JO. 71 -I). Hi Jii.()0 .'1.(10 .'l,ll:j .:l.lS •••..17 .'i.^J -■1.74 Jt,93 3 J. II 23.30 2-2 3 J2 4 44 5 54 6 6', 7" 74 8 84 9 94 10 10^. II ii\ 12 :2.\ 13 134 >4 144 15 I5.'. 16 i6.\ 17 •74 18 184 M 194 3 20 2'4 3 21 21, V I 22 2-'l 2.1 "i 2.?.'. 24 24 .V t 2vV . '?^0f§t^"'^'- CANADIAN CONTRACTOR'S HAND-BOOK. 69 HrV AT ER H ^% TT T^ lOUR, 19 Cents fek houk. AT 19'^ CENTS V OUR. \4 ' a i-n't [4rs Atn't. Hrs Ani't Hrs lAm't Mrc 'AiTi'r T-Trc Am Hf'-; Ani't i His. Am't. I Irs. 90^ Am'L 1 I 1 I 0. 3oh I. 1.1 o* 6.1 11-49 111 o> i\ 111 I* 1 X 1 1 r?. "1 30* 5-95 6o*'ii.8o 1 ^ ^m ■ *J •^^'"" *^ ' 5-79 90*17-19 90* 17-65 16.74 31 S-«9 61 ti-59 91 117.29 31 6.04 61 11.89 91 17-74 i 91 16.83 3ii 5.98 6r.' 11.68 91-2 17-38 31^ 6.14 6ii\ 11.99 91*117-84 9^^ 16.93 f* 0.38 32 6.08 62"^ 11.78 92^17.48 2 0.39 32 6.24 62"! 12.09 92 17.94 92 1 17.02 2!. 0.47 32^ 6.17 62,', 11.87 92 -V 17-57 2 -J 0.49 32* 6-34 62^112.19 92 .'t 18.04 92.', 17. 1 1 3" O.S7 33 6.27 63" tr.97 93 17-67 3" 0.58 33 6.43 63 12,28 93" 1 8. 13 93 17.20 32 0.60 33-i 6.36 63-^ 12.06 932 17-76 3* 0.68 33^ 6-53 63* 12.38 93* 18.23 93' 17.30 4 0.76 34" 6.46 64 12.16 94 '1 7. 86 4 0.78 34 6.63 64 12.48 94 18-33 94 94^ 17- 39 4 0.85 34 6.55 64i- 12.25 94*' '7-93 4 0.88 34* 6.73 64* 12.58 94-i 18.43 17.4'i 5 0.95 3=^ 6.65 65 12.35 95 !i«-o5 5 0.97 35 6.82 65 12.67 95, 18.52 9Sh 17-57 5h 1.04 3^.^ 6.74 63i 12.44 95-i 18.14 52 1.07 35* 6.92 65* 12.77 95* 18.62 17.07 6 i.H 36" 6. 84 66 12.54 96 1 18.24 6 1.17 36 7.02 66 12.87 96 18.7a 96 17.70 6.1 1.23 36A 693 66.', 12.63 96* ^'^■33 6* 1.27 36* 7.12 66.^ 12.97 96i 18.82 96^ 17-85 7" 1-33 37 7.03 67- 12.73 97 18-43 7 1. 30 ' 37 7.21 67" 13.06 1 97, 18.91 97 '7-94 7^ 1.42 37' 7.12 67i 12.82 97* 18.5^ 7* 1.46 1 37h 7-31 67.^ T3I6; 97* 19.01 97 h 18.04 1-52 3^' 7.22 68 12.92 98 18.62 8 1.56 38 7.41 68 13.261 98 19.11 q8 9H 18.13 _ . ■ ^^ 1. 61 In 7-31 68.V 13. oi 98*18.71 8* 1.66 38i 7-51 68* 13-36 98* 19.21 Id. 22 » ■ 1. 71 30 7-41 69^ I3IX 99 118.81 9 1-75 39 i 7-60 69 13-45 99 19.30 99 99^ 18.31 H 9^, 1.80 39-^ 7-50 69.', 13.20 99^-18.90 9* 1.85 39*. 7-70 69^ T3-55 992 19.40 18.41 _ H 1 '" 1.90 40 7.60 70 13-3° 100" 19.00 10 1 1.95 40 7.80 ; 70 3-65 100 19.50 ICX) 18.50 .0 rt I 10^ 1-99 40^ 7.69 70s 13-39 100^ 19.09 10* 2.05 , 40 2 7.90 702 13-75' 100* 19.60 ); 18.59 1 ^^ 2.09 41 7.79 71' 13-49 loi 19.19 II 2.14 41" 7-99 71 13.84 lOI 19.69 '■r lOl" 18.68 B ir.\ 2.; 8 4Ti 7.88 71 A '3-5*^ iO(^ 19.28 iiA 2.24 41* 8.09 71* 13.94 lOI* 19.79 lOI^ 18.77 _ Om I ^"^^ 2.28 42 7-98 72 13.08 102"" 1 19. 38 '^, 2-34 42 8.19 72 14.04 102 19-89 102 I02;\ 18.87 18.96 1 '^'^ 2-37 42* 8.08 7^'j 13-77 I02i 19-47 14 2.44 42* 8.29 72^ 14-14 102* 19.99 1 ^3~ 2.47 43 8.16 73 13-87 103" 19-57 13 2-53 43"" 8.38 73 14-23 103 20.08 '^'3' 1 19.05 1 13^ 2.56 43-2 8.27 73h 13.96 1032 19. 60 13* 2.63 43.^ 8.48 73I T4-33 103*20.18 io3i 19-15 H 14' 2.66 44 835 74 14.06 104 19.76 14 2.73 44 8.58 74 1443! 104 20.28 104 19.24 B '4'i 2.75 44^ 8.46 74!. 14.15 lO+A 19.05 14-i 2.83 44-i 8.68 74^ 14-53 104^ 20.38 104', 19-33 B '-'' 2.85 4=; 8.54 75 14.25 105" 19.95 15 2.92 45 8.77 75 14.62 105 20.47 19.42 B ^^'i 2.94 4^h 8.65 75* 14-34 i05i 20.04 15* 3.02 45* 8.87 75-i 14-72 los-i 20.57 10.52 B '^~ 3-04 46 8.73 76 14.44 106 20.14 lO 3.12 40 8.97 76 14-82, 106 20.67 106 106^ IQ.6I B '^^ 3- '3 46.\ 8.84 76i 14.53 io6i 20.23 i6i 3 22 46* 9.07 76* 14.92 106^20.77 19.70 B '^ 3-23 47 8.92 77 14.63 107" 20.33 17 3-31 47 9.16 77 15.01 107 20.86 107 i07h 19.79 B '^'- 3-32 47.^ 9-03 77\ 14.72 107?, 20.42 17'. 3-41 47* 9.26 77h ,5.11 107* 20.96 19.89 B ^^~ 3-42 48" 9.J2 7« 14.82 108" 20.52 18 351 48 9-361 78 15.21 108 21.06 108" TOB.^ 19.98 B '^^ 3-51 4^4 9.21 78.i 14. 9I io8i 20.61 18). 361 48* 9.461 78A I5-31 108^21.16 20.07 20.16 20.26 B "^~ 3-6i 40 9-3^ 79 15.0! 109 I20.71 19 3-70 49 9-55 79 15.40 109 121.25 to9 .09.^ H iQ.\ 3.70 49-i 9.40 79i 15.10 109* 20.80 .9.1 3.80 49* 9-65 79.'. 15-50 109V21.35 ■ 20" 3.80 50 9-50 80 15.20 no 20.90 20 3'9o 50 9-75; 80' 15.60 no 21 45 no — 1 20.35 B ^'4 ^-^^ Soh 9-59 80A 15.29 110^ 20.99 20 1 4- 00 50* 985 80* 1570 110*21.5.? iio.i 20.44 ■ 21 1 3-99 St" 969 8t 15-39 III 2I.Ol> 3l" 4.09 51 9.94 81 «5-70 Ill 21.64 III" 1 20.53 B ^'^1-^'°^ S'i 9.78 8..^ 15-48 iii^ 21. 18 2li 4.19 5ii 10.04 8i.' 15-89, 111*21.74 inj 20. ^3 H 23~ 4.18 5a 9.88 82 "^ 15-58 112 |2t.28 22 4.29 52 10.14 82" 15-99: 112 lai.84 112* 112.^ 20.72 20.81 B ''^i 4.27 ^^h 9-97 824 15.67 Il2i21.37 32* 4- 39 52A 10.24 82.'. 1O.09 "2^21.94 B ^-^ 4.37 S3 10 07 «3 15-77 113 121.47 23 4.48 53 10.33 83" 16.18 113 |22.03 •13' 1 20.90 B ^'^- 4.40 53-1 10. 16 83i t5.86 'i3'i^i-56 '-3.i 4.58 53.i 10.43 83i 16.28 113*22.13 113.^ 21.00 B ^"^ 4.50 54 10.26 84 15-96 114 [21.06 24 4.68 54 10-53 84 16.38 114 22.23 114 21.09 21.18 B ^'~ 4-<'S Sih io.35 ^\\ 16.05 U4i2i.75 24.i 4.78 54^. 10.63 84* 16.48 114* 22.33 114,1 B ^''^ 4-74 .s.s 10.45 H 16. tS 115 |2i.85 25 •4.87 55 ro.72 85 16-57 IIS. 22.4a "I 21.27 H ai^^ 4.84 5S.i 10.54 8si 16.24 "5*21.94 25* 4.97 55.^ 10. 82 85.^ 1O.O7 115* 22.5a "5j 21.37 B "^'^ 4-94 5^' 10.64 86 16.34 no 22.04 20 5. 07 56 10.92 80" 16.77 116 22.63 116 116,1 J1.4J . ■ rf B 36.^ 503 s^i fo.73 f^6.i 16.43 n6j 22.13 20 i 5.17 S6i II. oa 80A 16.87 116* 22.73 ''•55 ^m 37 5.1 3 .S7 1 10.83 «7 16.53 1 17 |22.aii 27 5.2O 57 II. u 87 16.96 117 23. 8 [ 117 1 21. 64 B ^^- 5.22 .•^7^ io.()a 87i lO.ha •17*22.32 27* 5.36 57.i n.2! 87.i 17.06 1.7* 22.91 H7' 21.74 B ^^ 5 32 5H 1 1.02 88 10.72 1 i,S 122.4J 28 5. JO 5« 1 n.31 88 17.10 118 '13.01 118 u8^ 2I..H3 B ^^'-^ 5M .s«i tin HHA 16.81 1 iH ^'22.51 28^ 5.56 sH 11.41 88,« 1 7, 26 ti8* 33. 1 I .: 1 . Qi V 2() S-S' 59 11.21 Ho l6.()i nt» 22,01 a<) 5.'>5 5«' n.50 89 '7-35 no 23 '.?o "9 1194 ISO J 2. 01 — .. If B 39^ 5>'^ .S9i U.30 8>^i 17. (XI ng,^ 22.70 29i S.75 syi ll.tfO 89* 17-45 "9* 23-30 32. 11 22.20 B ^ 5. 70 60 n.40 90 '17. to' lao aa.8o 30 5-85 60 11.70 90 »7-55 lao 53*40 ^K ^ 70 CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK Hrs AT 20 CENTS PER HOUR. Am't 2 3 3^ 4 4^ 5 5-'> 6 6h 7~ 7h 8 8j 9 9j lo lo^ II iih 12 J3 i3^j I4.\ 15 lb i6i 17 i7i i8 18.1, 20 20 SI 21 i^ 3a~ 32.', 23" 23!! 24 244 25 25i 26 27 27i a8 28i 29 29i 30 6 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 I. 00 I. 10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00 2.10 2.20 2.30 2.40 2.50 2.00 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 3.10 3.20 3-3'^ 3-4'> 3.50 3.60 3-70 3.80 390 4.00 4. 10 4.20 430 4.40 4- 50 4.60 4.70 4.80 4- 90 5.00 5. 10 5Ji' 5-40 5-5« 5.60 570 5- 80 5- 90 1.00 Hrs. Ain't. 3O1! 31 31^ 32 322 33 33^ 34 34^ 35 35i 3^ 3^i 37 37!.: 38 -^8' 39 39 •! 40 40.', 41 :; 42 42.', ■^^\ 43 'J 44, 442 45 45 -J 46 40 .'i ^\ 47j 48 4«^ 49 4'.»2 5°, 514 52 52 i 53, 53-' ^\ 54 J ssi S6i 57, 57^ 58i 60 6. 10 6.20 6.30 6.40 6.:,c 6.60 6.yo 6.80 6.90 7.00 7.10 7.20 7-3t> 7.40 7-50 7.60 7.70 7. u J 7.90 8.00 8.10 8.20 8.30 8.40 8.50 S.;io 8.70 8.80 8.90 9.00 9.10 9.20 9-30 9.40 9-5« 9.00 9.70 9.80 9.90 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 o.ou 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 T.IO r.2o i.;,o 1.40 r.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 t.QO a.oQ Hrs. Ain't- 60.', 61" 61.', 62" 62', 63 63^ 64 64^ '^5 65^ 66 66 .\ 67" 67.1 68" 68,', 69" 69A 70 70^ 71' 74 72 72^ 73 73 J 74 74 J 75 75^ 76 76A 77 77 h 78 78\ 79 79h 80 8oi 81 8i^ 8a 82. \ ^\ 84 J 85i 86 86i 87, 87^ 88 88^ 89 90 Hrs.'Am't. 2.10 2.20 2.30 2.40 2.50 2.60 2,70 2.80 2.90 00 10 20 30 3-40 3 50 3.60 3-70 60 90 00 10 4.20 430 4.40 4-50 4.60 4.70 4.80 4.90 5.00 5.10 5.20 530 5-40 5- 50 5.60 5- 7" 5.80 5-9^ 6.00 6. 10 6.20 6.30 6.40 6. 50 6. bo ().70 6.80 b. 90 7.00 7. 10 20 30 40 5^' 7.60 7.70 7.80 7.90 8.tx>ii 90^ 91" 91^ 92 92 [> 93 93 ■> 94 94 L! 95 95' 96 96! 97 97-2 98 98i 99 99h 00 01 oiJ^ 02 02^ 03' °3h 04 c>4j "5 05^ 06 06 «! 07" III. 10 lo. 20 in. 30 18.40 1S.50 18.60 18.70 iS,8o 18.90 19.00 19.10 19. 20 19.30 19.40 19-50 19.60 10.70 19.80 19.90 20.00 20.10 20.20 20-30 20.,1.'J 20.50 20.00 20.70 20,80 23. 9' > 21. OU 21. 10 21.20 21.30 21. 4O 07^21. 50 08 1 2 1.60 08V2I.7O 09 jai.Bo 09.^21.90 10 {22.00 loj 22. 10 11 '22.20 Il^j22.3l) la 22.40 1a.y22.50 13 [22.60 13.\ 22.70 14 22. 80 14.^ 22.90 AT 20 His. 'Am t. 16 23.00 23.10 23. 20 16.ia3.30 17 23.40 1712350 1 8 '23.60 1 8| 23.70 19 ao 23. 80 23.90 a.f.00 2!, 3~ 3k 4 4A 5 5i 6 7" 7\ 8 8A 9 9.^ o o^ I 2 3 3h ■\ 4i 5 :4 6 ''i 7" 7A 8 20 i 20. J 21 a.-i 22 23 233 84 24i 26 26.i 27 27i as 39 aqj 0.41 0.51 C.Ol 0.72 0.82 0.92 1.02 1-13 1.23 1-33 1-43 1-54 1.64 ••74 1.84 1-95 2.05 2.15 2.25 2.36 2.46 2.56 2. bo 2.77 2.87 2.97 3-07 3.18 3.28 3-3''> 34^ 3-59 3-69 3-79 3.89 4.00 4.10 20 30 41 5> 4.61 4.71 4.82 4.92 5.0a 5»2 5- 23 5-33 5-43 5v«l3 564 5-74 .S.84 5-94 6.05 Hrs. CENTS PER HOUR^^ Hrs. Am't. 30^ 31 31^ 32 32 -i 33 333 34 34^ 35 35^ 36 3H 37 37'* 38 38^ 39 39^ 40 40.1, 41" 4I:'. 42 42 .\ 43 43.1. 44 44 45 a4 46 44 47 47h 48 48,'. 40 49[' 50 50 J 51" 52 52.'. 53 53i 54 54i 55 55i 5& 57i 58 58^ ,5) 59i 60 Am't. 6.25 6.35 6.46 6.56 6.66 6.76 6.87 6.97 7.07 7-'^7 7.28 738 7.48 7.58 7.69 7-79 7.89 7-99 8.10 8.20 8.30 8.40 8.51 8.61 8.71 8.81 8.92 9.02 12 22 33 43 53 9- "3 9-74 9.84 9 94 0.04 0.15 0.25 0-35 0.45 0.5b 0.66 0.76 o.b6 0.97 .07 •17 •27 •38 .48 •58 .C8 •79 .89 .99 2.09 a.ao a. 30 Hrs. 6o.\ 61' 6tA 62" 62i 63' 63^ 64 64J 65" 65.1 66 661 67" 67.'. 68" 68 J 69" 69^ 70 70^ 71" 74 72 72 A 73' 74 74 ; 74A: 75 75-i 76 76.1 77" 77k 78 74 79 794, Am't. 12.40 12. o I2,bi 12.71 12.81 12.91 13.02 13.12 13,22 13-32 13-43 13-53 13-^^3 ^3-73 13-84 13-94 14.04 14.14 14-25 H-3S 1 4- 45 M-55 14. bb 14.7b 14.8b 14.9^^ 1.5- 07 15-17 15-27 15-3/ 15.48 15- 5« 15-68 •5-78 '5-89 '5-99 10.09 lb. 19 16.30 16.40 lb. 50 16. bo 16.71 16.81 16.91 17.01 17.12 17.22 17-32 17.42 '7-53 »7-(>3 17-73 17.83 17.94 18.04 18.14 18.24 89^' 18.35 90 118.45 80 8oi 8i 81.4 82 82.J 83 83-i 84 844 85 85i 86 861 87 874 88 88,^ 8y" 18-55 18.65 18.76 x8.86 18. y 6 19.06 19.17 19.27 19-37 19.47 19.5b 19.68 19.78 19.88 19.99 20.09 20.19 20.29 20.40 20.50 20.00 2( >. 70 20.81 20.91 21.01 21.11 22 9O2 91 914 92 92.', 93" 93 94 94 95 954 96 96.', 97 97 \i 98 984 99 994 00 00 ?, 01 oil, 02 02,^ 03" 034 04 04'. 05 054 06 06A 07" 07,li 08' o8.\ 09" °9j 10 10. 1 II 114 12 12.'i 13" 134 14 14A 15 15A 53 I6 14 17 174 18 j8|i24.2q IW J24-3V T94 24.5c ao '34.60 21 21 21 21 2i.() 21 42 5^ 3 73 21. «j 21.03 22. o.^ •14 ■ -■4 22. J4 22.43 22.55 2.05 22.75 22.80 a_'. 9O 23. (X. i(; 2., a; 23 37 2j-47 ^3-57 2.f78 23.941 24. Cs' 24. IV CANADIAN CONTRACTOR'S HAND-BOOK 71 iOUR. AT 21 CENTS PER HOUR. AT21H CENTS PER HOUR. . Hrs ) 00 . Am I 18. r,- i Irs. Ara't. Hr-s. 3°^ Ani't. 6.40 Hrs. 60I Arn't. 12.70 Hrs. 9oi Arn't. 19.00 Hrs. Am't. Hrs. 3oi Am't. Hrs 60J Am't. 13.01 Hrs 90^ . Am't, 6.56 19.46 ) 91 " 18.65 31 6.51 6r 12.81 91 19.11 31 6.66 6r 13.11 91 19.56 17 \ i«.76 3i.i 6.61 6ri 12.91 91^ 19.21 31 i 6.77 611 13.22 94 19-67 92 ' 18.86 2 0.42 32 6.72 62 13.02 92 19.32 2 0.43 32 6.88 62 13-33 92 19.78 92. . 18.96 2.', 0.52 32i 6.82 62J 13.12 92^ 19.42 2i 0.54 324 6.99 62.\ 13-44 92 .'j 19.89 93 19.06 3 0.63 33 693 63^ 13-23 93, 119-53 3, 0.64 33, 7-09 63, 13.54 93, 19.99 93' 19.17 3l 0.73 33 -i 7.03 63§ 13-33 93i 19.63 3h 0.7S 332 7.20 634 13.65 93^ 20.10 94 19.27 4 0.84 34 7-14 64 13-44 94 19.74 4 0.86 i 34 7-3^ 1 64 13.76 94 20.21 94^ 19-37 4i 0.94 34^ 7.24 64i ^3-54 94^ 19.84 4h 0.97' 3-ih 7.42 64i 13-87 942 20.33 '^S 19.47 =; 1.05 3-'^ 7.35 65 13-65 95 19.95 5 1.07 i 35 7.52 65 13.97 95 20.4:: 95^ 19.58 5l I- 15 35^ 7-45 6.s4 13-75 95i 20.05 5^ 1.18 35i 7-63 6^.^, 14.08 95i 20.53 96" 19. 6S 6 1.26 3^ 7-56 66 13.86 96 20,16 6 1.29 36 7-74 66 14.19 96 20.64 96.i 19.78 , 6.1 1.36 36^ 7.66 66.1,- 14.96 96.V 20.26 6^ 1.40 36^ 7-85 66.L 14.30 96i 20.75 97 19.88 7 1.47 37 7.77 67- 13.07 97, 20.37 7, 1.50' 37 7-9.S 67' 14.40 97" 20.85 97' 19.99 7^ 1-57 .37^ 7-87 67^ 14.17 97 h 20.47 7h i.6i 37h 8.06 67\ 14.51 97^ 20.96 98" 20.09 8 1.68 38 7-98 68 14.28 98 20.58 8 1.7a 38, 8.17 68 14.62 ^S. 21.07 98^ 20.19 8J 1.78 38^ 8.08 68i 14.38 98^5 20.68 8=^ 1.83 ■ 3Sh 8.28 68.1 14.73 982 21,18 99' 20.29 9 1.89 39 8.19 69 14.49 99 20.79 9 1-93 39 8.38 69" .4.83 99, 21.28 99i 20.40 9^. 1.99 39^ 8.29 69.1 14-59 99'. 20.89 9h 2.04 39^ 8.49 69.], 14.94 99 L- 21.39 100 20.50 10 2.10 40 8.40 70 14.70 100 21.00 10 2.15 40 8.60 1 70 15-05 loo 21.50 100,^ 20.00 lO.J 2.20 40^ 8.50 70h 14.80 lioo^ 21.ro loi 2.26 40 .^i 8.71 ' 70^ 15.16 1 00 A 21.61 101 2(\ 70 II 2.31 41 8.61 7r 14.91 101 21. 2t II 2.36 41" 8.81 7\ 15.26 lOI 21.71 iot/, 20.81 "3 2.41 41^ 8.71 71^ 15.01 10l.\ 21.31 Hi 2.47 41^ 8.92 74 15-37 lOlA 21.82 102 20. 9 1 12 2.5a 42 8.82 72 15.12 102^ 21.42 12 2. 58 42 9.03 72 15.48 102 21.93 T02.^ 21.01 I2i 2.62 42^ 8.92 72i 15.22 102.^ 21.52 12.1 2.69 42?i 9.14 74 15.59 102^ 22.04 103 21.11 13 2-73 43 9-03 73, 15-33 103" 21.63 '3, 2-79 "^3, 9-24 73. 15.69 103 22.14 103^, 21.22 t-3^ 2.83 43A 9-^3' 735 15-43 103.^ 21.73 ^3h 2. 90 43i 9-35 73l 15.80 103 J 22.25 104 2 1 .,J 14 2.94 44 9.24 74 15.54 104 21.84 14 3.01 44 9.46 74 15.91 104 22.36 104', 2 1. 42 H\ 3-04 44l> 9-34 74^ 15.64 104^ 21.94 Hh 3.12 44-i 9-57 74h 16.02 104.'. 22.47 105 21. 5-' 15 3.15 4.S 9-45 75 1,5.75 105 22.05 »5, 3.22 '^S, 9.67 75 16.12 105, 22.57 ^05 A 21. Oj I5i 3-25 4.^^ 9-55 75i 15-85 t05-i 22.15 ^5| 3-33 45i 9.78 7Sh 16.23 losi 22.68 106 21.73 16 3-3'J 4r, 9.60 76 15-96 106 22. 2() 16 3-44 46 9.89 76 16.34 ro6 22.79 \o(^\ 21. 8j .6.i 3-46 46^ 9.76 76^ 16.06 106.', 22.36 i6i 3-55 46i 10.00 76A 16.45 1 106 J 22.90 107" 21.93 ^7 3..S7 47 9.87 77 16.17 107" 22.47 17 365 '^7, 10.10 77 16.55 107 23,00 io7,l( 22,0.| '7i 3-67 47A 9-97 77h 16.27 107.!; 22.57 ^7h 3-76 47-^ 10.21 77h 16.60 1074,23.11 108' 2-M4 iS 3-78 48 10 08 78 16.38 108" 22.63 -37 iiq s 14.39 .8i ,^.98 58i ta.;i8 88i 18.5?^ ii842|.a8 38.^ 6.13 .5H.i I a. 58 ! 88.i 1903 118435.48 »4-^<* ag 6.09 59, ia.39 89 18.69 119 i 2.| . < ,9 29 6.23 59, ia.68 89 19-13 119 35.58 ii<)i?.|.SC 1 2<>,J ^1.19 .S9i ta.49 89i 18.79 im}, jq.ixj 29!, 6..U .59i ia.79 St)k 19.21 119.5 35.60 lao s !4.bO 1 30 6.30 60 I a. 60 90 18.90 120 25.au 30 ' 6.45 (X5 la.w (lO 19.35 lao' 35.80 I rM 72 CANADIAN CONIRACTOR'S HAND-BOOK AT 22 CENTS PER HOUR. Hrs. 2.\ 3h 4 4A 5 68' 68.'. 69" 692 70 f, 14.63 14.74 71 74 72 72^ 73' 73-i 74 74i 75 7SA 76 76.i 77 77^1 78 78i 79 79i 80 8oi 81 Ki.i 83 82.i ^3. 83i 84 14.85 14.96 15-07 15. 18 15-29 , 15-40 7oi 15.51 15.62 1573 1584 15-95 16.06 r6. 17 16.28 16.39 16.50 16.61 16.73 16.83 16.94 17-05 17.16 [7.27 ^7-38 [7.49 [7.60 f7-7i 17.82 •03 [8.04 [8. 115 [8.26 '8-37 18.48 84i 18.59 85 18.70 85^ 18.81 86 18.92 19.03 19.14 19-25 19.36 19.47 1 9. 58 19.69 19.80 86i 87i 88 88. i 89 89 i yo Hrs. Am't 90 2 91 91A 92 92.2 93, 93 L' 94 942 95 95^ 96 9^2 97 9/2 98 98^ 99 99 J 00 oo| or oi.i 02 02', 03" 034 04 042 05 05-^ 06 o6i 07 07i 08 08125.87 09 23,98 09^ 24.09 24.20 0^24.31 1 24.42 19.91 20.0a 20. 13 20.24 20. 35 20.46 20.57 20,68 20.79 20.90 21.01 2(. 12 21.23 21.34 21-45 21.56 21.67 21.78 2 1 , 80 22.00 22. II 22.22 22.33 22.44 22. "^S 22. &b 22.77 22.88 22.99 23.10 23.21 2332 23-43 23-54 23-65 23.76 AT 22^2 CENTS PER HOUR. 1^ 3 A % 6 6i 7 7\ 8 8, y 26, (17 9 i 26.29 3o ;36.4o 24-53 24.64 24.75 24.86 24.97 25.08 25.19 as- 30 2541 25-5^ 25-63 2574 25-85 25.96 CANADIAN CONTRACTOR'S HAND-BOOK. OUR. Hrs. [Am'{. 9°^ 20.36 91 120.^7 20.59 20. 7e 20.81 20. ()2 21.0.) IZ AT 23 CENTS PER HOUR. Hrs, Ain't. 91^ 92 92.1 93 93' 94 94A 21.26 21. 1 95 95^ 96 96J 97 97^ 98 98.', 99 99A 100 101 lOl^ 102" I02.i 103 103^ 104 104,', 105' IO5A 106 106^ 107 107.1 108" io8i 109" 109.^ no 21-37 21-49 21.60 21.71 21.94 22.05 22. 1 () 22.27 22.39 22. 50 22,01 22.71 22. 8^ 22.95 23.06 23- '7 23.29 23.40 23-. 5 1 S3 -('3 23-74 23- «5 23.96 24.07 24.19 24.30 24.41 24-52 24.64 24-75 iio3, 24.86 III 124.97 mi iia iia.J 113 "3-i 114 ii4."> u6 "<>i "7 117^ 118" ii8i lit) ll(yj'a6.;9 tao 'a7.(0 25.09 25.20 25-3' 25 la 25- 51 35.65 25.76 25-^7 25- ';-35 20.47 20.58 aa70 Hrs. Ain't. 90.V20. 8[ 9i"J20.93 91^ 21.04 92 '21. 16 92^^1.27 93"|2i.39 93^21.50 94 121.62 94521.73 95 21.85 95.\ 21.96 96 I22.08 96^ 22. 19 97I22.31 97.V22.42 98 22.54 98I 22.65 99" 1 22. 77 99A 22.88 00 1 23. 00 OOg 23. II 01 23.23 04:23-34 02 23.46 AT 23 K CENTS PER HOUR. His. Arn't. Hrs. Am't 02^ 03" o3i 04 04.', 05" osh 06 06.', 07" 07}, 08" 08 .i 09" 09.1- o 23-57 23.69 23.80 23. 92 24.03 24.15 24.26 24.38 24.49 24.61 24.7a 24.84 24-95 25.07 25.18 25-30 25. 4 T 1 125-53 1.^25.64 2 !?5.76 2^125.87 3 125-99 ^^ 26.10 4 1 26.3a 3i 26.33 5 1 26. 45 S.\ 26.56 h'J26.68 6}j 26.79 7 J26.91 7.y 27.0a «~i27.i4 8^1-7. ..5 9 |27-37 0^27.48 ao I37.60 2^ 3 3h 4 5 52 6 6J 7" 7h 8 8^ 9 9h o oh I 2 2^ 3 3h 4 Ah 5 5h 6 6i 7 7h 8 20 20^, 21 2i4 22 22,'i 23; 24 24-i 25 25i 26 26i 27 27i a8 28,'. 29 29i 30 0.47 0-59 C.70 0.82 0.94 1.06 1. 17 1.29 1. 41 I 1-53! 1.64; 1.76 1-83 2.00 2. 1 1 2.23 2-35 2.47 2.58 2.70 2.82 2.94 3-os ^7 29 41 52 64 3 3 3 3 3' 3-76 .88 •99 .11 •23 •35 .46 •58 .70 .82 •93 C.05 5-17 .29 .40 ■52 .64 .76 5-87 5-99 6. II 6.23 6.34 6.46 6. 58 6.70 l>.Hl 'J- 93 705 302 31 31^ 3^ 32 i 33^ 34, i 34'. 35 35^ 36 36A 37 37-i 38 38^ 39 392 40 402 41" 44 42 42i 43^ 44 44i 45 45 -i 46 46.i 47-\ 48 48.1 49^ Ih 52 52.i 53 .53i^ 54 54-1! 55 4 5". 5^4 574 58 58-4 59 594 60 7-U 7.28 7.40 7-52 7.64 7-75 7.87 7-99 8. II 8.22 8-34 8.46 8.58 8.69 8.81 8-93 9-05 9.16 9.28 9.40 9-52 9-63 9-75 9.87 9.99 0.10 0.22 0.3' 0.46 0-57 0.69 0.81 0-93 .04 .16 .28 .40 -51 63 •75 .87 .98 .10 2.22 2-34 a- 45 2.57 2.69 2.81 2.92 3-04 3- 1'' 3-28 3- .39 3- 5' 3^f'3 3-75 3.86 3-98 4.10 Hrs. Am't. 60.3 14.22 6i"|i4- 33 64 14.45 62 1 14. 57 14-69 14.80 14.92 1504 15.16 rS-27 15-39 15-51 15-63 15-74 15.86 1598 16.10 16.21 16.33 16.45 16.57 16.68 16.80 16.92 17.04 17-15 17-27 17.39 17-51 17.62 17.74 17.86 17.98 18.09 18.21 ! 18.33 18.45 18.56! 18.68 I 18.80 18.92! 19.03 19-15 19.27 19-39 19.50 19.62 19.74 19.86 19.97 30.09 20. a I 20-33 ao.44 ao. 56 20. 68 ao. 80 20.9 1 ai.03 31. 15 62.^ 63" 63i 64 64^ 65 65.V 66 66i 67 67^ 68 68h 69" 69-4 70 704 71 714 72 724 73' 734 74 744 75 754 76 764 77 77 \ 78 784 79 794 80 80.^ sr 81.1 82* 82,1 83' 83.\ 84" 844 85 854 86 864 87 87A 88' 88.". 89' 89J 90 92 92 -> 93 932 94 944 95 95i 96 964 97 974 98 984 99 994 00 004 01 04 02 .1 Hrs.iAm't, 90^ 21.27 91" 21.38 914 2 1- 50 21.62 21.74 21.85 21.(17 22. 09 22.21 22.32 22.44 22 56 22.08 22.79 22.91 23-<^3 23-15 23 26 2338 23- 50 23.62 '^3-73 23-85 2397 O2o 24.09 03 24 20 034 24.32 04 24.44 044 24 -j6 o5"24,67 054 24.79 06 24.91 06A 25.03 07" 25. 14 07^ 25 26 08 25.:^ 08425.50 09 125.61 094; 25- 73 125.85 0.425,97 1 126.08 4 2''-, 20 a 2'). 3a 24 26,44 3' a'^-SS 34 26.67 4 26.79 44 26.91 27.02 27.14 27.26 37.38 27.49 37.61 2773 27-85 37.96 28.08 38. ao 5 54 6 6.4 7 74 8 8.\ Ik ao If 74 CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK AT 24 CENTS PER HOUR. AT 24 -A CENTS PER HOUR. | Hrc. All „ Hrs. 3oi Ain't. 7.32 Hrs. 60.' Am't. 14.52 Hrs. 90 i Am't. 21.72 Hrs. Am t. His. 30 2 |Am't. 7-47 Hrs 60.1 Ami. 14.82 Hrs go^ Am'i 22.17 3^ 7-44 61" 14.64 91' 21.84 31 7-59 6r 14.94 91 22.2,J 3ii 7-56 6i.\ 14.76 91! 21.96 31^ 7.72 61^ 15-07 91J 22.4:; 2 0.48 32 7.68 62" 14.88 92 22.08 2 0.49 32 7.84 62' 15-19 92" 22.54 2 2.', 0.60 32^ 7.80 62.', 15.00 92A 22.20 2^ C.61 322 7.96 62I 15-31 92,', 22.6b 2.', 3, 0.72 33, 7.92 63" 15. 12 93 22.32 3 0-73 33 8.08 63" 15-43 93' 22.78 1 4 44 e 3^ 0.84 33h 8.04 63^^ 15-24 93^. 22.44 3^ 0.86 332 8.21 63^ 15-56 93'. 22.91 4 0.96 34, 8.16 64 15-36 94 22.56 4 0.98 34 8.33 64 15.68 94 23.03 4.i 1.08 34A 8.28 64^ 15.48 944 22.68 4i 1. 10 34.^ 8.45 64.". 15.80 942 23-15 5, 1.20 35, 8.40 ^5, 15.60 95 22.80 5 1.22 35 8.57 65" 15-92 95 23.27 5^ 1.32 35h 8.52 65.^ 15-72 95A 22.92 5h 1-35 35-i 8.70 65A 16.05 95i 23.40 ■54 6 6 1.44 36, 8.64 66 15.84 96 23.04 6 1.47 36 8.82 66 16.17 96 23- .52 6i 1.56 36^ 8.76 661 15.96 96h 23.16 H 1-59 36^ 8.94 66i 16.29 96i 23.64 6.', 7 1.68 37 8.88 67 16.08 97 23.28 7 1.71 37 9.06 67" 16.41 97 23.76 8 7^ 1.80 37'2 9.00 67i 16.20 97h 23.40 7h 1.84 37h 9.19 67i 16.54 97A 23.89 8 1.92 3« 9.12 68 16.32 98 23-52 8 1.96 38 9-31 68 16.66 98 24.01 82 2.04 38i 9.24 60.', 16.44 98^ 23.64 H 2.08 38.^ 9-43 68.^ 16.78 98! 24.13 8.^ 9 2.16 39, 9-36 69" 16.56 99 23.76 9 2.20 39 9-55 69- 16. CO 99 24.25 "2 10 9A 2.28 39^ 9.48 69A 16.68 99h 23.88 9^ 2-33 39^ 9.68 691 17-03 99 i 24. 3« 10 2.40 40 9.60 70 16.80 100 24.00 10 2.45 40 9.80 70 17-15 100 24. 5<' 10^ 2.52 4oh 9.72 7oh 16.92 looh 24. 12 ici 2.57 40^ 9.92 7oh 17-27 100^ 24.0:1 \o\ II 2.64 41 9. 84 71" 17.04 10 1 " 24.24 II 2. 6q 41 10.04 71" 17-39 lOI 24.74 II 14 2.76 41^ 9.96 7ii 17.16 loi-i 24.36 11^ 2.82 412 10.17 71A 17-52 101 i 24.87 "i! 12 2.88 42 10,08 72 17.28 102 24.48 12 2.94 42 10.29 72 17.64 102" 24.99 12 I2i 3.00 42i 10.20 72^, 17.40 102;^ 24.60 I2.i 3.06 42.^ 10.41 72.1, 17.76 102^ 25.11 I2\ 13 3.12 43, 10.32 73' 17.52 103- 24.72 13 3.18 43 10.53 73 ~ 17.88 103 25.2:3 TQ 13'^ 3-24 43i 10.44 73h 17.64 i03i 24.84 ^3h 3-31 43.^ 10.66 73 i> 18.01 1032 25. 3() 14 3-37 17 i7i 4.20 47^ 11.40 77h 18.60 107^25.80! 17A 4.29 47h 11.64 77\ 18.99 I07.\ 26.34 18 4-32 48 11.52 7^ 18.72 108 25.92 18 4.41 48 11.76 78 19.11 108" 26.^6 18 18.!, 4-44 48^ 11.64 78i 18.84 loSi 25.04 18.^ 4-53 48^ 11.88 78i 19.23 108A 26.58 18 '^1 4 '^6 49, 11.76 79 18.96 109 26.16 11 4.65 49 12.00 79 19-35 109" 26. 70 \c 19J 4.68 492 11.88 79i 19.08 i09i 2(..28 19.1 .f.78 4Q.\ 12.13' 79-i 19,48 109'. 26.83 If 20 4.80 5°i 12.00 80 19.20 no 26.40 20 4.90 50 12.25 80 19,63 no 26.g.s 2C 20A 4.92 502 12.12 8oi 19.32 iioj 26.52] 20 Ij 5.02 5oi 12.37 8o.\ 19.72 llO'i 27.07 2C 21 5-04 5', 12.24 81 19.44 III '26. '^\l 2x 5-14 51 12.49 81- 19,84 111' 27.19 2 2li 516 54 12.36 81 i 19.56 iiiA 26.76 21.i 5-27 54 12.62 8i,i 19.97 iia 27.32 2 22 S.28 5^> 12.48 8a 19.68 112 26.88 22 5-39 52 12.74 82" 20.09 112 27.44 2 22^, 5-40 52i 12.60 82^ 19.80 112^ 27.00 22^ 5-51 52i 32.80 82.i 20,21 112^ 27. s6 2 23" 5-52 53, 12.72 ^3, 19.92 "3 27.12 23, 5-63 53 12.98 83 20.33 113" 27.68 2 23i 5-64 53 i 12.84 83;^ 20.04 1 "3i 27.24 23* 5-76 S3i 13.11 83A 20.40 ii3i 27.81 2 24 5-76 54, 12.96 84 20. 1 6 114 27.36 24 i 5.88 54 13.23 84 20.58 114 27.03 3 24i 5.88 543 13.08 84.i, 20.28 1 IT4ii 27.48 24^1 6.00 54i '3-35 84A 20.70 114^ 28.0 s 2 ""^ 6.00 55, 13.20 85 '2040I "5 27.60 25 1 6. 12 55 : 13-47 85 20.82 "5 28.17 2 2Si 6.1a 55i 13-32 85> 20.52 "5:'! 27.72 25i 6.25 S5i 13 60 85i 20.95 'i5.i 28. 30 2 26 6.24 5^. •3-4-1 86 •.20. 6. J T16 27.84 26 6-37 56 f^ 72 86 21.07 116 28. ."[J 26^ 6.36 56i 13.56 86i 20.76 "6i 27.96 26 .i 6.49 56.^ 13.84 86.i 21. K) 116.J 28.54 27 6.48 57, 13.68 ^7. 20.88 117 28.08 27 6.()i 57 ; 13.96 87 21.31 117 28. 60 ■ a7i 6.60 57!. 13.80 87h 21. 00 ii7i 28. ao 27i 6.74 57i| 14.09 87i 21,44 117A 28.79 28 6.7a 5^ 13.92 88 21.13 118 1 28.3a 28 6.86 58 1 14.21 88 21.56 118" 28.6I 28.^ 6,84 .'.8i 14.04 88, \ 21.24 n8j28..H 28, \ 6.98 5R.i '4-33 88.'. 2l.()8 118.J 29.03 1 29 6.96 •9 i-9i 14.16 89 21.36 1(9 28,56 29" 7.10 5^) >4-45 iW 21.80 119 129.15 1 agi 7.08 14.28 syi ai.48 ii9.i'28.68 a().'. 7-23 5')i 14.58 8<4 21.03 119^ 2g,J>H 1 30 7.20 60 JiLi'i ve. 21. OO 120 1 28. 80] 30 1 7 35 60 14.70 90 i 22.05 120 a').4u 1 CANADIAN CONTRACTOR'S HAND BOOK. 75 HOUR. 't. Hrs.iAni' '2 90^ 22. 1; 4 91 22.2,, 7 91^. 22.4. 9 92 22.54 I 92.i 22.60 3 93 22.78 ^ 93 A 22.91 ^ 94 23.03 ^ 94^23.15 - 95 23.27 i 952 23-40 ' 96 23.52 ) 96h 23.64 97 23.76 97h 23.89 98 24.01 98}, 24. 13 99 24.25 99h 24. 3« 100 24.5(1 looi 24. Oil 101" 24.74 io.ii 24.87 102 "^ ' '^" AT 25 CENTS PER HOUR. AT 25J^ CENTS PER HOUR. fir;: Ain't. Hrs. 30^ Am't. Hrs. 60JL Am't. Hrs. Am't. 90 J, 22.62 Hrs Am't, Hrs. 30^ Am't. Hrs 60I . Am't. Hrs . Am't. 7.62 15.12 7.78 15-43 9oi ^ 23.08 31 7-75 61" 15-25 91-22.75 31 7.90 61" 15-55 91" 23.20 3ii 7.87 6ii 15-37 9iA|22.87 3tA 8.03 6i| 15.68 9^1 2333 2 0.50 32 8.00 62 15-50 92 23.00 2 0.51 32 8.16 62 15.81 92 23.46 2^ 0.62 32^ 8.12 62I 15.62 92.1:23.12 2-i 0.64 32.^ 8.29 62A 15-94 92-2 23-59 3 0-75 33 8.25 63" 15-75 93>3-25 3, 0.76 33, 8.41 63; 16.C 93 23.71 3h 0.87 333 8-37 63^ 15-87 93i 23.37 3i 0.89 33-^ 854 63i 16.19 932 23-84 4 1. 00 34 8. so 64 16.00 94 23.50 4 1.02 34 8.b7 ! 64 16.32 94 23-97 44 1. 12 34^ 8.62 64^ 16.12 94.\ 23.62 4^ I- 15 34i 8.80 64^ 16.45 94!. 24.10 5 1.25 35 8-75 65 16.25 95 23.75 5 1.27 35 8.92 65 16.57 95 24.22 5^ 1-37 35^ 8.87 65i 16.37 95i 23.87 sh 1.40 35.^ 9-05 65i 16.70 95.^ 24-35 6 1.50 36 9.00 66 16.50 96 24.00 6 1-53 36 9.18 66 16.83 96 24.48 6.1 1.62 36J 9.12 66 .'r 16.62 96.4 24. 12 6}, 1.66 36.^ 9-31 66.1 16.96 96A 24.61 7" 1-75 37 9-25 67" 16.75 97, 24.25 7 1.78 37" 943 67" 17.08 97 2-:. 73 7A 1.87 372 9-37 674 16.87 97^ 24-37 7h 1.91 37h 9-56 67i 17.21 97^ 24.86 8 2.00 ^8 9.50 68 17.00 98 24.50 8 2.04 i 38 9.69 68 17-34 98 24.99 8^ 9 2.12 2.25 38^ 39 g.62 9-75 68.\ 69" 17. 12 17-25 98. '> 99^ 24.62 24-75 8.^ 9, 2.17 2.29 384 39 9.82 9.94 681 69- 17-47 17-59 98* 99 25.12 2524 9i 2. .37 39h 9.87 69.'. 17-37 992 24.87 9l 2.42 39^ 10.07 69^ 17.72 992 25-37 10 2.50 40 ro 00 70" 17-50 100 25.00 10 2-55 40 10.20 70 17-85 100 25-50 TO.l II 2.62 2.75 2.87 40! 41 44 10.12 10.25 10.37 7oh 71 7^1 17.62 17-75 ^7.^7 100^ lOl" 25.12 25.25 25- 37 J O.J II 2.68 2.80 2-93 40.V 41 41J 10-33 10.45 10.58 70-3 71 71* 17.98 18.10 18.23 looi 101 lOlA 25-63 25-75 25.88 in^l or T T 12 3.00 42 10.50 72 18.OQ I02~ 25-50 12 3.06 42 10.71 72 18.36 102 26.01 lO'? 25.23 25.36 25-48 25.60 25.72 25-85 2.5-97 12^ 3.12 42.3 ro.62 720 l8.I2 102.', 25.62 I2i 3-19 42A 10.84 72^ 18.49 \02.\ 26.14 ^0 103 J 104 104 1, los" io5i ro6 n 3-25 43 IO-75 73' 18.25 103" 25-75 13 3-31 43" 10.96 73. 18.61 103 26.26 '3^ 3-37 43i 10.87 ' 73-2 18.37 io3.\ 25.87 i3i 3-44 43i 11.09 73h 18.74 103^ 26.39 14 3-50 44 1:1.00 74 18.50 X04 26.00 14 3- 57 44 11.22 74 18.87 104 26.52 15 3.62 3-75 44:\ 45 11.12 11.25 744 75 18.62 18.75 104^, 105" 26.12 26.25 15 3.70 3.82 442 45 11-35 11.47 74A 75 19.00 19.12 104^ 105 26.65 26.77 15.V 3-87 45i 11-37 75^ 18.87 1054 26.37 154 3-95 45i 11.60 75A 19.25 1054 26.90 106 A 16 4.00 46 1 1 . 50 76 19.00 106 26.50 16 4,08 46 11-73 76 19.38 106 27-03 107 26.21 107 S 26.34 108 26.ij6 t6.l 4.12 46.^ J 1. 62 76.^ 19.12 106.1 26. 62 16^ 4.21 46^ 11.80 76i 19-51 106^ 27.16 17 4.2s 47 11.7s 77 19-25 107 26.75 17 4-33 47 11.98 77 19.63 107 27.28 '7^ 4-37 47^ 11.87 77h 19-37 107 .\ 26.87 17^ 4.46 47-^ 12. T 1 77\ 19.76 107.^ 27.41 roS.I, 2h rfl 18 4-50 48 12.00 78 19.50 108 27.00 18 4-59 48 12.24 1 78 19.89 108 27-54 IOQ~ J- 26.70 ..b.83 ^i 21.6a I16J 2C). 13 26.\ 0. 76 56-i 14.41 86| 22. 06 ii6i 29.71 17^ 28.79 18" 28.')t 27" 6-75 57 14.25 87 21.75 117 ,29.25 27" f..88 57. 14-53 ^7, 22.18 117 29.83 27i 6.87 574 14-37 87.^ 21.87 117^29-37 27i 7.01 57-\ 14.66 87i 22.31 ti7-i 29. 96 l^ 29.. 13 19 29,15 19^ ag.j.S 20 a J. 40 2H 7.00 58 1450 88 aj.oo 118 129.50 28 7.14 58 14.79 88 22.44 118 30.09 28i 7.1a 58i I .J. 6a 88. \ 22. 12 IV^\ 2(),'i2 28.', 7.27 58.i 14.9a 88.^ 22.57 Ii8.^ 30.2a 2Q 7-25 59. 14.75 89' 22.25 I I q" 29.75 29 7.39 59 15-04 89" 22. 09 119" 30 "34 a9j 7-37 59i 14.87 89.^ 22.37 liu\ 2').87 29 .'1 7-52 594 "5-I7 8c)^ 22.8a 1 "9i 30.47 30 7.50 1 60 15.00 J9^ 22.50 120I 3o.ooi 30 7-65 60 15-30 90 ia2.95 i tao 30.60 76 CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. AT 26 CENTS PER HOUR. AT 26 H CENTS PER HOUR. Hrs. Arn't. 3h 4 h 6 6}, 7 7h 8 8^ 9 9h lO II 12 '4 13 i3i 14 14 V 15 16 17 I7i 18 19 i9i 20 21 22 22.J 23 23i 24 24i 25 25i 26J 27 27i 2.S 28 A 30 0.52 0.65 0.78 0.91 r.04 1.17 1.30 1-43 1. 5^3 r.69 1.82 I-9S 2.08 2.21 2-34 2.47 2.60 2.73 2.86 7.99 3.12 3-25 3-38 3-51 364 3-77 3-90 4-03 4. [6 4.29 4.42 4-5S 4.68 4.81 4-9' :-^7 S.20 5-33 5-4<^ 5-59 S.72 5-85 5.98 6.TI 6.24 6.37 6. c^o 6.63 ri.76 6.89 7.0a 7.15 7.28 7-n 7-54 7.80 Hrs. 302 31 315 32 32j 33 33-3 34 34^ 35 35i 3^ ■M 37 37. J 38 38^ 39 395 40 Atn't. 40^ 41 4Ti 42 42J 43 43* 44 'i42 45 45^ 46 46i 47 47^ 48 48i 49 49i 50 sol 51 5^ 52 52^ 53 53i 54 54-5 55 S5i 56 7-93 8.06 8.19 8.32 8.45 8.58 8.71 8.84 8.97 9.10 9-23 9-3'^' 9.49 9.62 75 9.88 10 or 10.14 10.27 10.40 to- 53 10.66 10.79 10.92 11.05 ir.18 11.31 11.44 11-57 11.70 11.83 11.96 12.09 12.22 12.35 12.48 12.61 12.74 12.87 13.00 13 13 13.26 13-39 13-52 13-65 13-78 13-91 14.04 14.17 14.30 14-43 14.36 56^114.69 57 57.i 5H .S8i 59 14.82 T4-95 15.08 1 5. 2 r '5-. 34 15-47 15.60 Hrs. 6oi 6r 61A 62 62.', 63" 63^ 64 64 A 65" 65 i 66 66.V 67- 67.' 68" 68 .L 69- 69.1 70 70A 71 71A 72 72-j 73" 73 •! 74 742 75 75h 76 76^ 77 77-1 78 78i 79 79? 80 8oi 81" 84 82 82I 83 83.J 84 84* 85" sa 86 86.; 87 87.i 88 88. I. 80*' Am't. 15-73 15.86 1 5- 99 16.12 16.25 16.38 16.51 16.64 16.77 16.90 17.03 17. 16 17.29 17.32 17-45 17-58 17.71 17.84 17.97 18.10 18.23 18.36 13.49 13.62 18.75 :8.88 19.01 19-24 19-37 19.50 19.63 19.76 19.89 20.02 20.15 20.28 Hrs. 20.4 r 20. 54 20.67 20.80 20.93 2t.o6 21.19 21.32 21-45 21.58 21.71 21.84 21.97 32.10 22.23 22.36 22.49 22.62 22. 75 22.88 23.01 -^3-14 89323-27 90 123.40 9°^ 91 Am't.lHrs. 23-53 23.66 9ii 23.79 92 23.92 92i 24.05 93 24.18 93324-31 94 94^ 95 24.44 24-57 24.70 954|24-83 96 9^2 97 9"^ 98 98A 99 99^ 100 24.96 25.09 25.22 25-35 25.48 25.61 25-74 25.87 26.00 100^,26.13 loi 26.26 101^26.39 102 26.52 102^ 103" 1032 104 104I 105 io5i 106 io6l 107 107^ 108 108 A 1C9 109^ 110 26.6: 26.78 26.91 27.04 27.17 27.30 27-43 27.56 27.69 27. 82 27-95 28.08 28.21 28.34 28.47 28.60 iio.V 28.73 iii*'J28.86 1 11^ 28.99 112 I29. 12 ll'ji'29.25 113 29.38 "3i 29.51 114 J29.64 "4^29.77 115 I29.90 115^,30-03 ti6 30.16 ii6.y3o. 29 117I30-42 1 17,' 1 1 8" .30- 55 30. 68 I i8.lt 30 V,\ H) '^o.(^4 lU) \.v 120 I31 (.7 20 4 4^ 5 sh 6 6^ 7 7h 8 8i 9 9^ o oh I 1^ 2 2i 3 3h 4 Ah 5 5.* 6 6i 7 7-i 8 8.1r 9, 9j 20 20', 21 21A 22 22.\ 23" ^3i 24 24i 25 25i 26 26^ 27 27^ 28 28 A 29 29 30 Am't. I Hrs. 0.53 0.66 0.79 0-93 1.06 1.19 1.32 1.46 1-59 1.72 1.8s 1.99 2.12 2.25 2.38 2.52 2.6^ 2.78 2.91 3-05 3- 18 3-31 3-44 358 3-71 84 97 II 24 37 50 64 77 90 03 17 30 5-43 5.56 5- 70 5-83 596 6.09 6.23 6.36 6.49 6.61 6-75 6.89 7.02 7-15 7- 29 7.-12 7 -Si 7.68 7.82 7-95 3oh 31 3ii 32 32 i 33 332 34^ 342 35 3Sh 36 3^2^ 37 37h 38 38^ 39 39 i 40 40 i 41 4ii 42 42^ 43 43^ 44 44 i 45 Am"t. 4SA 46 4^2 47 47i 48 48.^ 49 49i 50 5o\ 51 5ii 52 52i 53 53^ 54 54i 55 55 i 5^ 56i 57 S7h 58 s^ 59 59i 60 8.08 8.21 8.35 8.48 8.6r 8.74 8.88 9.01 9.14 9.27 9.41 9-54 9.67 9.80 9.94 10.07 10.20 10-33 10.47 10.60 10.73 10.80 11.00 11.13 11.26 11-39 11-53 11.66 11.79 11.92 12.06 12.19 12.32 12.45 12.59 12.72 12.85 12.98 •312 13-25 13-38 13-51 13-65 '3.78 13-91 14.04 14.18 14-31 14.44 14-57 14.71 14.84 14-97 15. JO '.5-24 15-37 15 ..so 15-63 1577 15- 9^1 Hrs, 60.V 6r 61.1 62 62A 63"^ 63i 64 64i 65 6q.i 66 66h 67" 67.'. 68 68^ 69 69-2 70 70s 71 71 72 72 73 73i 74 74^ 75 75* Am't. 76 76I 77~ 77\ 78 78' 79 79' 80 8o.\ 81 81.1 82 82.1 83" 83* 84 84J, 85" 85-i 86 86.i 87 87.i 88 88,1 89 89i 90 16.03 16.16 16.30 16.43 16.56 16.69 16.83 16.96 17.09 17.22 17.36 17.49 17.62 17-75 17-89 18.02 18. iq 18.28 18.42 18.55 18.68 18.81 18.95 19.08 19.21 19.34 19.48 19,61 19.74 19-87 20.01 20.14 20,27 20.40 20.54 0.67 20.80 20.93 21.07 21.20 21.33 21.46 21.60 21-73 21.86 21.99 22.13 22.26 22.39 22.52 22 66 22.79 22.92 23.05 23.19 23 32 2.3-45 23.58 23.72 23-85 Hrs. Am't. 90^ 91 94 92 92.^ 93 93-i 94 942 95 95^ 96 96A 97, 972 98 98^ 99 992 100 looi lOI 23.98 24. n 24.25 24. 38 24-51 2464 24.7a 24.91 25.04 25-17 '-5 31 25-44 25-57 25.70 25-84 25-97 26. 10 26.23 26.37 26.50 26.63 26,76 101,^26.90 102 27.03 1022 27. 16 103 ,27.25 103^127.33 104 27.46 104^-27.59 105 ,27.72 105]^ 27.86 106 127.99 106^28.12 107 28.25 107.^28.39 108 28.52 io8^'28.75 109 J28.88 109* 29.02 110 129.15 1 10^' 29. 28 111 29.41 111^29.55 112 129.68 112^ 29.81 113 1 29. 94 113^30.08 114 130.21 114^30-34 30.47 30.61 30.74 115 115^ 116 116J 117 ii7-i 118 ii8,J 119 ii9i 120 30.87 31.00 31.14 31.-^ 3r..|o 3 1.. S3 3i-''7 31.80 CANADIAN CONTRACTOR'S HAND BOOK 77 >UR. Hrs. Am't, 90^ 91 914 92 92^ 93 93 i- 94 94 i 95 9S4 96 9^i 97 97^1 98 98I 99 992 too rooi Hrs. 23.98 24. 11 24. 25 24.3.S 24-5' 2464 24.78 24.91 25.04 25-17 ^•5 3' 25-4'< 25-57 25.70 25.84 25-97 26. 10 26.23 26.37 26.50 26.63 [oi j26.7e loih 26.90 C02 27.0; [02^27.16 [03 ,27.25 io3^;27.3.1 [04 27.4ft [04.^27.59 tos :27.72 [05 J 27.80 [o6"'j27.99 to6^28.]2 t07 28.25 [07.^28.39 [08 28.52 [o8^'28.7s ro9 |28.88 ro9\ 29.02 [o"'J29.i5 [0^129.28 :i 29.41 1^29.55 t2 129.68 [2j'29.8l [3 1 29- 94 c 3^30.08 [4 130.21 I4i30"34 15 '52 [6 '7 ■7.J 18 .8.i 19 rQi 120 30.47 30.61 30.74 30.87 31. 0.) 3I-M 3 1- ay 31.40 31-53 3 '-''7 31.8a 2.1 3h 4 4^ 5 5^ 6 Oh 7h 9 9h 10 10: II 12A 13 ^3h 14 I4i 15 153 16 17 i7i 18 18.^ 19 i9i 20 :22 22. i 23 23i 24 24 i 25 254 26 26i 27 27.!i 28 28, J 29" 29.^ 30 AT 27 CENTS PER HOUR. | AT 21% CENTS PER HOUR. Am't Hrs. 30!, Am't. 8.23 Hrs. 6oi Am't. 16.33 Hrs. 90 Am't. 2443 His." Am t. Hrs. Am t. 1 Hrs. 6oh Am't. Hrs. 902 Am't 30^ 8-39 16.64 24.89 3^ 8.37 61" 16.47 91" 24-57 31 8.52 61' 16.77 91 25.02 3ii 8.50 61.', 16.60 gxk 24.70 31^. 8.66 61I 16.91 91* 25.16 0.54 32 8.64 62" 16.74 92 24.84 2 0-S5 32 8.80 62' 17-05 92 25.30 0.67 32i 8.77 62', 16.87 92-. 24.97 H C.69 32 L' 8.94 624 17.19 92.'. 25-44 o.8r 33, 8.91 63 17.01 93 25.11 3, 0.82 33 9.07 63, 17,32 93 25-57 0.94 33i 9.04 63^ 17-14 93^ 25-24 3h 0.96 33i 9.21 63-i 17,46 93 25.71 1.08 34, 9.18 64 [7.28 94 25- 3« 4 l.IO 34 9-35 64 17.60 94 25-85 1.21 34^ 9-31 64-i 17.41 94^' 25-51 4^ T.24 34^ 9-49 64J 17-74 94i 2.V99 1-35 35, 9-45 ^5, 17-55 95 25-65 5 1-37 35 9.62 65 17-87 95 26. 12 1.48 352 9-58 65A 17.68 95'. 25.78 5h 1-51 3Sh 9.76 65! 18.01 954 26.26 1.62 36 9.72 66 17.82 96 25.92 6 1.65 36 9-90 66 18.15 96 26.40 1-75 36^ 9-85 66 .Ji 17-95 gbh 26.05 6^ 1.79 36^ 10.04 66i 18.29 96.1 26.54 1.89 37 9.99 67" 18.09 97 26.19 7 1.92 37 10.17 67" 18.42 97 26.67 2.02 37i lo. 12 67.^ 18.22 97h 26.32 7h 2.06 37o 10.31 67I 18.56 97j 26.81 2.16 38 10.26 68 18.36 98 26.46 8 2.20 38 10.45 68" 18.70 98 26.95 2.29 38.^ 10.39 68.'. 18.49 98A 26.59 8^ 2-34 3H 10.59 68.i 18.84 98.'. 27.09 2.43 39 10.53 69" 18.63 99 26.73 9 2-47 39 10.72 69" 18.97 99 27.22 2.56 392 10.66 69^ 18.76 99 L^ 26.86 9-^ 2.61 394 I0.86 694 19. 1 1 99 •! 27.36 2.70 40 10.80 70 18.90 100 27.00 10 2-75 40 11.00 70 1925 100 27.50 2.83 40 2 10.93 70A 19.03 looi 27-13 loA 2.89 40.1, II. 14 70 L> 19-39 100 r. 27.64 2.97 4^ 11.07 71 19.17 lOl" 27-27 II 3.02 41 11.27 71" 19-52 101 27.77 3.10 41.1 11.20 714 19.30 10I2 27.40 iih 3.16 414 11.41 71.^ 19.66 101 A 27.91 3-24 42 "•34 72 19-44 102 27-54 12 3-30 42 "■55 72 19.80 102 28.05 3.37 42.^ 11-47 72I 19-57 102', 27.67 12^ 3-44 42I 11.6Q 72 A 19,94 102.1, 28.19 3-Si 43, II. 61 73, 19.71 103" 27.81 13 3.57 43 11.82 73, 20.07 103" 28.32 3-64 43l^ 11.74 734 19,34 1032 27.94 132 3-71 43i 11.96 732 20,21 103.^ 28.46 3-78 44, 11.88 74, 19.98 104 28. oS 14 3-85 44 12.10 74 20,35 104" 28.60 3-91 444 12.01 744 20.11 104.^ 28.21 Hh 3-99 44i 12.24 74^ 20.49 104' 28.74 405 45, 12.15 75 20.25 105 28.35 28.48 15 4.12 45 12.37 75, 20.62 105 28.87 4.18 45'^ 12.28 75'. 20.38 1052 154 4.26 454 12.51 754 20.76 105.5 29,01 432 46 12.42 76 20.52 106 28.62 16 4.40 46 12.65 76 20.90 106 29. IS 4-45 46^ 12.55 76i 20.65 io6i 28.75 161 4-54 46^ 1^-79 76^ 21.04 106.^ 29.29 4 59 47, 12.69 77 20.79 107 28.89 ^7, 4-67 47 12.92 77 21.17 107' 29-42 4.72 474 12.82 77h 20.92 107^,29.02! 17-^ 4.81 47-2 13.06 77h 21.31 1071 29.^6 4.86 48 12.96 78 21.06 108 129. 161 18 4-95 48 13.20 78 21.45 108 29.70 4.99 48 A 13.09 784 21.19 108.^ 29.29 18^ 5-09 48 [> 13-34; 78.^ 21.59 1 08 A 29.84 S-I3 49, 13-23 79 21-33 109 29-43 19 , 5.22 49 13-47 1 79 21.72 109" 29.97 5.26 492 13-36 792 21.46 109I 29.56 19-^ 5.36 494 13.61 70.1 21.86 109 i 30.11 5-40 5°, ^3-50 80 21.60 no 29,70 20 5-50 50 13-75, 80 22,00 no 30.25 5-53 50^ 13-63 80.^ 21.73 iio4'29.83| 20^ 5-64 5oh 13.89 8o.) 22,14 I io\ 30.39 5-67 51 1377 81 21.87 III 29.97I 21 5-77 51 14.02 ^\ 22. -^7 III 30-52 5.80 514 13.90 8i4 22.00 II i[, 30. 10 21^ 5-91 514 14.16 8a 22,41 mi 30.66 5-94 s^, 14.04 82 22.14 112 30.24 22 6.05 =;2 14.30 82" 22.55 112 30.80 6.07 52^ 14.17 82.1, 22.27 112^, 30.37 224 6.19 52i 14-44 82.1 22.69 112/, 30-94 6.21 53, M-31 ^3, 22.41 113" 30.51 23, 6.32 53 14-57 83" 2'?.82 113' 31.07 6.34 53'^ 14.44 83i 22.54 "32 30.64 23i 6.46 53i 14-71 83^> 22.96 "3-j 31-21 6.48 54, 14.58 84 22.68 114 30.78 24 6.60 54 14.85 84 23.10 114 31.35 6.61 54^ 14.71 84^ 22.81 114.^ 30.91 24i 6.74 54h 14.99 84,i 23-24 ii4.'i 31.49 6.7s 55, 14.85 85 22.95 115' 31-05 25 6.87 i 55 15.12 ^5, 23-37 "5; 31.62 6.88 55.^ 14.98 8si 23.08 115-i 31.18 25i 7.01 55i 15.26 85-i 23.51 "54 31-76 7.02 5^1 15.12 86 23.22 116 31-32 26 7-15 56 15.40 86 2365 116 31.90 7^5 56i 15-25 864 23- 35 ii6h 31-45 26.^ 729 56i 15-54 861 2379 "64 32,04 7.29 57, 15-39 87 23-49 117 31. .S9 27 7.42 57, 15-67 87 23.92 "7 32.17 7.42 57^ 15-52 87.^ 23.62 ii7i 31.72 27 h 7-56 574 15.81 m 24.06 "7i 32.31 7-5(5 5^ 15.66 88 23.76 118 31.86 28" 7.70 58 15-95 88 24.20 118 32-45 7.69 58i 15-79 88. i 23.89 "84 31-99 28i 7.84 58.i 16.09 88.', 24-34 ii8.\ 32.59 7-83 59, 15-93 89 24.03 119" 32-13 29 7-97 59. 16.2'.; 89; 124-47 119 32,72 7.9<^ 59i 16.06 89i 24.16 119.^ 32.20 294 8. II 59i 16,36 89.^ 24.61 "95 32.86 8.10 60 16.20 90 24-30 120 32.40 30 8.25 60 16. 50 90 I24.75 120 3>oo 'ft!ffi''S|IIP' 78 CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. AT Hrs. Atn't, 2.1 4h S, 5h\ o 6i 7 'A 8 8J 9 9^ 10 10^ II Hi 12 12^ 14 i4i 15 iSi t6 t6.^ 17 18 i8» 19 19I 20 20^ 21 2li 22 22^ 23" 23 i 24 24 i 25 25i 26 26.\ 27" 28" 28^ 20 29i 30 0.56 0.70 0.84 0.98 1. 12 1.26 1.40 1-54 1.68 T.82 i.q6 2.10 2.24 2.38 2.52 2.66 2.80 2.94 3.03 3.22 3-36 3-50 3-^H 3-78 3-92 4.06 4.20 4-34 4.48 4.62 4.76 4.90 5-04 5.18 5-32 5-46 5.60 5-74 5.88 6.02 6.16 6.30 6.44 6.58 6- 72 6.86 7.00 7.14 7.28 7.42 7-56 7.70 7.84 7-98 a.T2 8.26 8.40 28 CE NTS PER HOUR. Am't. Hrs. 30^ 31 3Ti 32 32i- 33 33l' 34 34^ 35 35^ 36 sH 37 37i 38 38^ 39 395 "O 40^ 4r 4ri 42 42h '^^ 432 44 445 45 Atn't. 45 46 46A 47 47A 4S 4S^ 49 495 50 Soh 51 51^ 52 52.\ 53 53i 54 54i 55 i 55i 56 5^ 57 57^ 58^ 59i 60 8.54 8.68 8.82 8.96 9. ro 9.24 9-38 9-52 9.66 9.80 9.94 10 08 10.22 10.36 ro.50 10.64 10.78 to. 91: 11.06 11.20 11-34 11.48 11.62 11.76 11.90 12.04 12.18 12.32 12.46 12.60 12.74 12.88 13.02 13.16 f3-3o t3-44 13-58 13.72 13.86 14.00 14. T4 14.28 14-42 14.56 14.70 14.84 14.98 J15.12 1 15.26 [15.40 15.54 15.68 15.82 15.96 16.10 16.24 16.38 16.52 16.66 16.80 H-s. 6oi 61 ' 6ii 62 621 63"^ 63^ 64 64^ 65 654 66 66i 67" ejh 68" 681 69 69.', 70"' 70.1. 1 '9- 74 71 119.88 71IJ20.02 20.16 20.30 20.44 20.58 20.72 16.94 17.08 17.22 17.36 17.50 17.64 17-78 17.92 18.06 18,20 18.34 18.48 18.62 18.76 18.90 19.04 19.18 19.32 19.40 19.60 72 724 73 732 74 7^.^:20.86 75' 76 76^ 77 77 h 78 78h 79 21.28 21.42 21.56 21.70 21.84 21,98 22.12 79.' 80" 8oi 81" 81.1 82" 82.1 «3" 83i 84 84J, 86 86.V ■^7" 87.1 88 88i 89" 89i 90 1 122,26 22.40 22.54 22.68 22.82 22.96 23. 10 23. 24 23.38 23.5-^ 23.06 23. 80 2394 24.08 24,22 24.36 24.50 21-64 21.78 24. 92 25.06 25,20 iirs. Am't 902;25.34 91 125.48 91325,62 92 I25.76 92^125,90 93 1 26. 04 93^ 26.18 94 "1 26. 32 94 A 26,46 Hrs. 95 954 26.60 26.74 96 26. 8y 964 27.02 97" 27. 16 97427.30 98 1 27. 44 984127.58 99 27.72 99.^ 27.80 100 28.00 100.^,28.14 loi" 28.28 loi^ 28.42 102 2H.56 2i- 3 34 102.', 103" 1034 104 IO4I, i<^5" 1054 106 106^ 107 28.70 28.84 28.98 29.12 29.26 29.40 29-54 29. 68 29.82 9.96 107.V30. 10 108 108A 109 30.24 30-38 30-52 4 44 5 54 6 64 7 74 8 84 9" 9^ 10 104 II "I 12 124 13 134 14 i4i 15 i5i 16 16.1 17 ^7h 18 i;-;l 10 19^ 20 109430.66 110 30.80 — 110430.941 20: 111 31. oS 21 AT 28^ CENTS PER HOUR. Hrs. Am t, 0-57 0.71 0.85 1. 00 1. 14 1.28 1.42 1-57 1.71 1.85 r.99 2.14 2.28 2.42 2.56 2. 71 2 85 2.99 3-13 328 3.42 3- 56 3.70 3.85 3-99 4.13 4.27 4.42 4.56 4.70 4.84 4.99 5- '3 5.27 111^- 31.22 ii2''l3r.36 112.} 31.. j" 113 '31.64 I '3.231-78 114 131.92 1144 32.06 115 I32. 20 I '55 32.34 116 |32..|8 116.J 32.62 ii7"l32.76 ri74'32.90 ii8 13^.04 ii8.y33.'H "9 I33-32 ixq!, 33,46 120 1 33. 60 214 22 224 23 ^34 24 24^ 25 25^ 26 264 27" 27.', 28" 28i 29 29 i 30 Am't. 5.41 5-56 5.70 .S.84 5-9^ 6.13 6.27 6.41 6.55 6.7011 6.84 6.98 7.12 7.27 7.41 7.55 7.69 7.84 7.98 8.12 8.26 8.41 8-55 30 2 31 314 32 32i 33 334 34 34i 35 35A 36 36 .L 37 374 38 384 39 39i 40 40.' 41 8.69 8.83 8.98 9.12 9.26 9.40 9.55 9.6' J 9.83 9-97 10.12 10.26 10,40 10.54 10.69 10.83 10,97 11.11 11.26 11.40 "■54 68 41^111.83 42 42^ 43 43i 44 44-j 45 454 46 47" 474 48 484 49 49i 50 50A 51 5'4 52 52-^ 53 535 54 54^ 55 55i 57 57h 58 584 59 S9i 60 11.97 12.11 12.25 12..|0 12.54 12.08 12,82 12.97 13.11 '3.25 '3-39 13.54 13.03 13.82 13.96 14.11 14.25 14.39 '4-53 14.68 14.82 14.96 15.10 '5-25 15.. 39 15.53 15-67 15.82 1596 16.10 16.24 16.39 16.53 16.67 16.81 16.96 17.10 Hrs. Am't. 604117-24 61 117.38 614 '7-53 62 117.67 62^ '17.81 63"! 17-95 63^ 18.10 64 18,24 64.1 18.38 65 118.52 6^.',' 18.67 66": 18. 81 66.'.: 18. 95 67 1 19.09 67,', 119. 24 68 |rq.38 68.'t|i9.52 69 69.5 70 19. '9 66 81 19.95 70 .\ 20.09 71^: 72 20.23 20.38 20,52 20. '-'6 20.80 20.95 21,09 21.23 21.37 21.52 21.66 21.80 21.94 22.09 22.23 22.37 22.51 22. 06 '72;, 73" 735 74 74^ 75 754 76 76.1 n 77I 78 78'. 79 79' 80 80.', 81" 81.1 82" 32.^ 83" 83^ 84 84il 85 I24.22 85A 124,37 86 24,51 86,124-65 87 24,79 87A 24.94 88 I25.08 2_>,8o 22.94 08 23.23 23 37 23.51 23.65 23.80 23.94 2 J. 08 884 89 25.22 25.36 895125-51 90 125.65 Hrs.'Am't — i— 90425-79 91 1 25- 93 9i4|26.o8 92 26,22 26.36 26. 50 26.65 26,79 26.93 27.07 27.22 27.36 27-50 27,64 27,79 27.93 28.07 28,21 28. 36 28,5c 100^! 28. 64 lox :28.78 IOl4:28,0^ 102 129.07 1024 29.21 103 92-2 93 935 94 94^ 95 954 96 96^ 97 974 q8 984 99 99 L' 100 1 103^ 104 29-35 29, 50 20. 64 104^,29.78 105 29. Q2 IO5SI30.O7 106 106^ 107" 30.21 30.35 30,49 107>, 30.64 io8 130,78 108^130.02 109 131.06 31.21 3i'.35 3 '••♦'' 3T.^^ inA|3,.78 112 131.02 II2.2|32.06 113 132.20 109^, 110 1104 111 I 1 113.^ 114 114.1 "5 ii5.'> 1 16 ii6.\ 117' Ti7.j'3.H'i 118 13^.03 "8.^ 33.77 119 13391 iig^^.t.o^ 120 1 34. 20 3 -••.'^5 ;;.' 1,0 32. -J 3--77 32.02 33."''^ 3320 3.v:^4 CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. 79 OUR. Hrsj AT 29 CENTS PER HOUR. Hr> 902 25-79 91 1 25- 93 91^126.08 92 126.22 92.5,26.36 26. i;o 93 93l 94 94^ ^\ 952 96 96i 97 97h 98 98A 99 992 100 ,1 26. 65 26.79 26.93 27.07 27.1:2 27.36 27.50 27.64 27.79 27-93 28.07 28.21 28. 36 28. sc 100^ 28.6_| loi 128.78 ioiTV28.f)3 102 !29.C)7 1 1 29.21 102_ 103 f032 104 29-35 29. 50 20. 64 1043 j 29. 78 105 J29.02 1 05 S 30.07 106 30.21 30-19 107 h 30.64 108 130.78 1 08 1 1 30. Q2 109 131.06 106^ 107 .1 >l| 31.21 109' I'o j3^-35 110^:31.49 111 I3T.63 tnA.31.78 112 1 3 1 . 92 1 1 2.^1 32. 06 113 132.20 "32 32.,!'; 114 •-;j 10 II4-' 3-'-'M 115 32.77 H5-2 no 116^ 117" 32.02 33-''^ 3320 3 1-34 TI7.V33..1') 118 ;3i()j 118.^ 33.77 T19 13391 iiyi,3.j.o6 120 I34.20 2'. 3" 3^ 4 I 4ii 6' 6.\ 7h 8 9 9h 10 io\ II "2 12 I2i 13 14 14.1 IS i5i 16 M 17 '/2 18 iq i9i 20 20.^ 21 22 22.^ 23" 23i 24 24^ 25 2.S^^ 26 26^ 27 27^1 2S ml 29 30 Am't. Hrs. Ain't. 30.1 8.84 31 8.99 3^h 9-13 0.58 32^ 9.28 0.72 32.^ 9.42 0.87 33 9-57 1. 01 332 9.71 1. 16 3-^. 9.86 1.30 34* 10 GO 1.45 35 10.15 1-59 35-i 10.29 1-74 36 10.44 1.88 36^ 10.58 2.03 37 10.73 2.17 37-^ 10.87 2.32 38 XI. 02 2.46 38.^ 11.16 2.61 39, II. 31 2-75 39A 11-45 2.90 40 11.60 304 40.^ ti.74 3-19 41 11.89 3-33 4ii 12.03 3.48 42 12.18 3.62 42i 12.32 3-77 43 12.47 3-91 43?. 12.61 4.06 44 12.76 4.20 44^ 12.90 4-35 45 13-05 4.49 45* 13-19 4.64 46 13-34 4.78 46.i 13.48 4-93 47 13-63 5-07 47* 13-77 5.22 48 13.92 5-36 4U 14.06 5-51 49 14.21 S.65 4Q.\ 14-35 5.80 50 14.50 5 94 50^ 14.64 6. 09 51 14.79 6.23 ^^h 14-93 6.38 52 15.08 6.52 52* 15.22 6.67 S3 15-37 6.81 53a 15-51 6.96 54 15.66 7.10 54* 15.80 7.25 55 15-95 7.39 55.* 16.09 7-54 56 16.24 7.63 S^ 16.38 7.83 57 16.53 7-97 .S7i 16.67 8.12 58 16.82 8.26 58,\ 16.96 ^.41 59 17.11 «-55 59.i 17-25 8.70 60 17.40 Mrs. Am't. 60^ 61 61I 62" 62.1 63; 63^ 64 64.1 65^ 65i 66 66h 67" 67.". 68" 68 i 69 69,!. 70 70 2 71 712 72 72^ 732 7-+, 74-2 752 76 76^ 77 77h 78 78^ 79 792 80 8oi 81 8ii 82 82i 83 83.^ 84"' 84* 85" 85* 86" S6i 87" 87* 88 SBJ 89 89i 90 7.54 7.69 7.83 7.98 8.12 8.27 8.41 8.56 8.70 8.85 8-99 9.14 9.28 9-43 9-57 9-72 9.86 20.01 20.15 20.30 20.44 20.59 20.73 20.88 21.02 21.17 21.31 21.46 21.60 21.75* 21.89 22.04 22.18 22.33 22.47 22.62 22.76 22.91 23.05 23.20 23-34 2.3-49 23-63 23.78 23.92 24.07 24.21 24.36 24.50 24-65 24.79 24.94 25.08 25-23 25-37 25 52 25.66 25.81 25-95 26.10 Mrs. Ain't 90! 26.24 91 J26.39 91*26.53 92 92J 93 93-2 94 942 95 95* 96 96* 97 972 98 98* 99 992 00 ooj 01 oa 02 02^ 03" 03* 04 04 A 05" 054 06 06 i 07" 08" 08* 09" 26.68 26.82 26.97 27.11 27.26 27.40 27-55 27.69 27.84 27-98 28.13 28.27 28.42 28.56 28.71 28.85 29.00 29.14 29.29 29-43 29.58 29.72 29.87 30.01 30.16 30.30 30-45 30-59 30-74 30.88 31 03 31-17 31-32 31.46 31.61 AT 29^^ CENTS PER HOUR. Ml- 09*3^.75 10 31.90 10 i 32.04 11 132.19 11232-33 12 J32.48 12^ 32.62 13 132-77 13*^32-91 14 14* 15 33-06 33- 20 33-35 152 33.49 16 I33-64 16*33-78 17 I33-93 174.34-07 18 134.22 18^34.36 19 |34-5f i9i|34-65 20 134.80 3 3h 4* 5 5* 6 6* 7 74 8 9 94 10 104 II "* 12 124 13 134 14 144 15 154 16 16I 17 174 18 1 84 19 i9i 20 20 .J 21 2t4 22 22^ 23 23^ 24 24I 25 25* 26 264 27" 274 28 28 \ 2() 2,,.'. 30 Vin't. ,Mrs. Am't. 0-59 0-74 0.88 1.03 1. 18 1-33 1-47 1.62 1.77 1.92 2.06 j 2.21 I 2.36 j 2.51! 2.65 ! 2 80 : 2-95 ' 3.10 3- 24 3-39 3-54 3-69 3-83 3-98 4-13 4.28 4-42 4-57 4.72 4.87 S-oi 5.16 5-31 5.46 5.60 5-75 5-90 6.05 6.19 6.34 6-49 6.64 6.78 6-93 7.08 7-23 7-37 7.52 7.67 7.82 7-96 8.11 8.26 8.41 8.55 8.70 8.8s 302 31 3^h 32 322 33, 33* 34 34* 35 35* 36 36* 37 374 3^ 384 39 394 40 40* 41 41* 42A 43, 434 44 44-2 45 454 46 46^ 47 47* 48 48.', 49, ^o* ^J* 52?. S3 534 542 55 55* 5^ 5'4 57, 572 ^8 58i 59 594 60 9-Oo 9-J4 9-2; 44 59 73 88 0-03 0.18 0.32 0.47 0.62 0.77 0.91 1.06 1. 21 1.36 1.50 1-65 1.80 I-9S 2.09 2.24 2-39 2-54 2.68 2.83 2.98 13 27 42 57 72 86 01 16 Hrs. Am't. 4-31 4-45 4.60 4-75 4-90 504 .5-19 5-34 5-49 5-63 5-78 5-92 6.07 6.22 6-37 6.52 6.67 6.81 6.96 7.11 7.26 7.40 7-55 7.70 60.5 61" 61,^ 62 62.V 63^ 63* 64" 64;^ 65 65* 66 66;L 67" 67?, 68" 17-85 17.99 18.14 18.29 18.44 18.58 18.73 18.88 19.03 19. 17 19.32 19.47 19.62 19.76 19.91 20.06 68. V 20.21 20.35 20.50 120.65 20.80 20.94 21.09 21.24 21.39 21.53 21.68 21.83 1.98 22.12 22.27 22.42 22.57 22.71 22.86 23.01 3.16 23.30 23.45 23.6c 3-75 23.89 24.04 24.19 24.34 24.48 4-63 24.78 4-93 69 692 70 70-2 71 71* 72 724 73 73h 74 74^ 75 75h 76 76* 77 77-. 78 78A 79 79.'. 80" 80.1, 81" 81?, 82" 82I 83" 83i 84 84^ 85" 854 86 864 87 87* 88 884 89 90 25.22 25-37 25-52 25.66 25.81 25.96 26.11 26.25 26.40 1 26. 55 Mrs. Am't. 900 91 91* 92 922 93" 93* 94 942 95 954 96 964 974 98 984 99 992 100 ioo4 lOI 26. 70 26. 84 26.99 27.14 27.29 27.43 27.58 27-73 27.88 28.02 28.17 28.32 28.47 28.61 28.76 28.91 29.05 29.20 29.35 29.50 29.65 29.79 101.^ 29.94 102 30.09 102^-30.24 103 130.38 103-2 30.53 104 30.08 "4*30,83 105 1 30. 97 105* 31.12 106 131.27 '064131.42 107 131.56 io7iV3i.7i io8"l3i.86 108^ 32.01 109" 32.15 1092 32.30 110 132.45 iioo 32.60 111 I32.74 1 11^ 32.89 "2 133.04 112;? 2 "3 "32 114 1 144 115 1 154 116 1161 117 117* 118 118.^ 119" 1 19a 120 33- '9 33-33 33-48 33-63 33-78 3392 34-07 34.22 34-37 34.51 34.66 34.81 34.96 35- 10 35-25 35.40 !t : 80 CANADIAN CONTRACTOR'S HAND- BOOK r AT 30 CENTS PER HOUR. AT 30 j^ CENTS PER HOUR Hrs. Am't. |Hrs. 30'. Am't. Ilrs. 60.1 Am't. 18.15 |Hrs. 90A Am't. 27- 15 Hrs. Am t. Hrs. 3oi Am't. 9-30 Hrs. 60.1 Am't, Hrs. Am't 1 90J 27.60 1 Hrs. . 9- 15 18.45 31 9-30 61" 18.30 91 27.30 31 9-45 6i~ 18.60 91 27-75 -iA 9-45 61.1 18.4s 1 91A 27.45 31A 9.61 61J 18.76 94 27,91 2 0.60 32, 9.60 62" 18.60 92 27.60 2 0.61 32 9.76 62" 18.91 92 28j)6 2 2.1-, 0-75 32 i 9-75 62', 18.75 922 27-75 2.1 C.76 32^ 9.91 62J 19.06 92 .'i 28,21 -i'l 3, 0.90 33, 9.90 63" i8.<,o 93' 27.90 3. 0.91 33 10.06 ?3, 19.21 93 28.36 5 3^ I. OS 33l' 10.05 63^ 19.05 93^ 28.05 3i 1.07 33-^ 10.22 63I 19-37 93 j 28.53 3-^ 4 1.20 34, ID. 20 64 19.20 94 2S. 20 4 1.22 34 10.37 64 19.52 94 28.67 4 4i 1-35 34^ IO-35 64J '9-35 94A 28.35 4^ 1-37 34i 10.52 642 19.67 94^ 28.8a a\ 5, 1.50 35, 10.50 65 19.50 95 28. qo 5 T.52 35 io.67 65 19.82 95 28.97 5 sh 1.65 35i ro.65 65^ 19.65 95^ 28.65 5^ 1.68 35^ 10.83 65^ 19.98 9S\ 29.13 5-' 6 1.80 36_ 10.80 66 19.80 96 28.80 6 1.83 36 10.98 66 20.13 96 29,2ii 6 eh '•95 36^. 10.95 66i 19.95 96i 28.95 6^ 1.98 36^ II. 13 661 20,28 96.^, 29-43 6i 7 2.10 37 II. ID 67 20,10 97 29.10 7, 2.13 37 11.28 67 20.43 97 29.58 7 i\ 2.25 2>A IT. 25 67,1 20.25 972 29.25 l\ 2.29 37^ 11.44 67^ 20.59 97.^ 29- '/4 7'. 8 2.40 3^ IT. 40 68" 20.40 98 29.40 8 2.44 38 11-59 68 20.74 98 29.89 8' 8'. 2-55 38.^ "•55 681 20.55 98i 29-55 8^ 2-59 38.^ 11.74 681 20,89 98^ 30.04 8^ 9 2.70 39, 11.70 69' 20.70 99 29.70 9 2-74 39 11.89 69" 21,04 99 30.19 9" 9.J 2.85 39i 11.85 69 J 20.85 99^ C9.85 9\ 2.90 393 12.05 69^ 21.20 99i 30.3s 9-i 10 3.00 40 12.00 70" 21.00 TOO 30.00 10 3.05 40 12,20 70 21-35 100 30.50 10 10! 3-15 40.', 12.15 70^ 21.15 100^ 30.15 lO^ 3.20 40^ 12.35 7oi 21.50 looi 30.65 loj II 3-30 '^'i^ 12.30 71 21.30 lOI 30.30 II 3-35 41 12.50 71 21,65 101" 30.80 11 "i 3-45 41'. 12.45 74 21-45 lOI^ 30-45 14 3.51 41A 12.66 74- 21,81 104 30. 9^ i4 12 3- 60 42 12.60 72 2T.60 102 30.60 12 3-66 42 12.81 72 21.96 T02 31. u 12 12. f. 3-75 42^ 12.75 72j 21.75 102 .'. 30.75 12^ 3-81 42^ 12,96 72.1, 22.11 102^ 31. 2( 12,^ '\ 390 43, 12.90 73 21.90 103 30.90 13 3-96 43. 13.11 73" 22.26 103 31-4' 13 13-i 405 43'^ 13-05 73I. 22.05 i03i 31.05 13.^ 4.12 43i I .27 732 22.42 io3i 31.55 13.V 14 4.20 44, 13.2J 74 22.20 104 31.20 14 4.27 44 1 .42 74 22.57 104 31-75 14 14^ 4-35 44^ 13.35 74* 22.35 104^ 31.35 14^ 4-42 ,44-^ iJ-57 74i 22.72 104 1 31-87 14.1 »S 4-5° 45, 13-50 75 22.50 105 31.50 IS 4-57 45 13.72 75 22.87 105 32.0a i5 iS'i 465 453 13-65 7i-> 22.65 losi 31.65 15-i 4-73 45i 13-88 1S\ 23.03 105^ 32,18 i5-^ 16 4.80 46 13.80 76 22.80 106 31.80 16 4.88 46 14.03 76 23.18 106 32.33 16 16.^ 4-95 46^ 13-95 76-i 22.95 106^ 31.95 16^ 5.03 46i- 14.18 76A 23-33 106^ 32.48 i6i 17 5.10 ^^7, 14.10 n 23.10 107 32.10 17 5.18 47 14-33 n 23.48 107 32.63 17 i7i^ 5-25 47-2 14-25 n\ 23-25 io7i 32.25 17^ 5-34 47i 14.49 111 23.64 107I 32.79 17^. 18 5-40 48 14.40 78 23.40 108 32-40 18 5-49 48 14.64 78 23-79 108 32-94 18 18^ 5-55 48i 14-55 78^ 23-55 io8i 32.55 18^ 5-64 48.^ 14.79 78^ 23-94 io8i 33-09 i8.\ 19 5-70 49, 14.70 79, 23.70 109 32.70 ^9, 5-79 49 14.94 79 24.09 109 33-24 19 19I 5-85 49^ 14-85 79^ 23-85 109.^ 32.85 192 5.95 49i 15.10 79i 24.25 logi 3340 i"j 20 6.00 5°, 15.00 80 24.00 no 33.00 20 6.10 50 15-25 1 80 24.40 no 33-55 20 2oi 6.15 502 15-15 80^ 24-15 1 10 J 33-15 20^ 6.25 50^ 15.40 80.1 24-55 iioi 33-70 20.\ 21 6.30 SI 15-30 81 24.30 III 33-30 21 6.40 51 15-55 sr 24.70 III 33-85 21 21^ 6.45 512 15-45 84 24-45 IIIA 33-45 24 6.56 s4 15-71 8a 24.86 "4 34-01 2a 22 6.60 52 15.60 82 24.60 112 33-60 22 6.71 52 15.86 82" 25.01 112 .34-^6 22 22.5 6-75 522 15-75 82. \ 24-75 II2A 33-75 22^ 6.86 52.^ 16.01 821 25.16 II2| 34-31 22. \ 23' 6.90 53. 15.90 ^^\ 24.90 "3 33-90 23, 7.01 S3 16.16 83 25.31 113 34-46 23' 232 7.05 syi 16.05 83^ 25-05 "3^ 34.05 23^ 7.17 53i 16.32 83.^ 25-47 II3I 34.6a ^3^ 24 7.20 54. 16.20 84 25.20 114 34.20 24 732 54 16.47 84 25.62 114 34-77 2-[ 24i 7-35 S4i 16.35 84* 25-35 ii4i 34-35 24i 7-47 54i 16.62 84i 25.77 ii4.\ 34-92 24i 25 7.50 55, 16.50 ^5, 25-50 "5 34.50 ^5. 7.62 55 16.77 85 25.92 "5 35.07 25 25-i 7.65 55:^ 16.65 85i 25-65 "5-i 34-65 25i 7-78 55^> 16.93 85i 26.03 "Si 35-23 =5^ 26 7.80 5^ 16.80 86 25.80 116 34.80 26 7-93 56 17.08 86" 26. 2 :^ 116 35-33 26 26 i 7-95 56^ 16.95 86i 25.95 116^ 34 95 26i- 8.08 56i 17.23 86^ 26.38 1x6^ 3.S-53 26.^ 27" 8.10 57, 17.10 87 26.10 117 35.10 27 8.23 57 17.38 87 26.53 117 35 6S 27" 27A 8.25 57i 17-25 87i 26.25 117I 35-25 27^ 8-39 57i 17-54 87.i> 26.69 ii7i 3584 27.^ 28 8.40 5^ 17.40 88 26.40 118 35-40 28 8.54 58 17.69 88 26.84 118 35-99 28 28 Js 8.55 58i V-55 88i 26.5s "8^35.55 28^ 8.69 58^ 17.84 88^ 26.99 118^ 36.14 28.\ 29" 8.70 59, 17.70 89 26.70 "9 35-70 29 8.84 59 17.90 89 27.14 119 36.29 29" 29 i 8.85 59^ 17-85 89', 26.85 "9J35-85 294 9.00 59^ 18.15 89i 37,30 Ii9i 36.45 29* ?o 9.00 60 18 00 90 27.00 120 I36.00 30 9-15 60 18.30 90 27-45 120 36.tifl , 30 CANADIAN contractor's HAND BOOK 8l HOUR. It. 45 60 76 91 06 Hrs. lAm'i AT 31 CENTS PER HO UR. Hrs. Ain't. 9o| 91 91^ 92 [ 92.1 93 93 j 94 94^ 95 95l 96 96^ 97 97a 98 99 99i 100 looh lOl lOI^ I02 102^ 103 i03i 104 104 105 105^ 106 I06J 107 loyi 108 io8i 109 109 .\ no IIO^ III mi 112 112^, "3 "3^ 114 114 "5 "5i 116 ii6i 117 117S 118" 118^ 119 119^ 120 27.60] 27-75 j 27.91 2.S.D6 1 28.21 28.36 28.53 28.07 28.8a 28.97 29. Ij 29,2a 29.43 29.58 29- '/4 29.89 30.04 30.19 30-35 30-50 30-65 30.80 30-9^ 31. li 31. 2( 31-4' 31-5/ 31-7- 31-87 32.0a 32.18 32.33 32.48 32.63 32.79 32-94 33-09 33-24 33-40 33- 5S 33-70 33-85 34.01 .34-^6 34-31 34-46 34.6a 34-77 34-93 35-07 35-23 35-38 35-53 35-68 3584 35-99 36.14 36.29 36-45 36._ba 2.', k 4 4^ 5 5^ 6 6i 7' 7.^ 9i ID II i4 12 12A 13 14 14 15 15-'. 16 i6i 17 17^ 18 18.1 19" !■'!) 20 20^ 21 21.1 22-| 22.', j 23'i 2-f ! 24^1 25 I 20 1 26.V 27"" 27-'i 28'' 28.', 29' 294 30 0.62 0.77 0-93 1.08 1.24 1.39 I. 33 1.70 1.86 2.01 2.17 2.32 2.48 2.63 2.79 2-94 3.10 3-25 3-41 3-56 372 3-87 403 4.18 4-34 4.49 465 4.80 4.96 S-ii 5-27 S-42 5-58 5-73 ,5-89 6.04 6.20 6-35 6.51 6.66 6.82 6.97 7-13 7.28 7-44 7-59 7-75 7.90 8.06 3.21 8-37 8.52 8.68 8.83 8.99 9.14 9.30 Hrs. Ain't. 3oi 9-45 31 9.61 3^h 9.76 32 9.92 32A 10.07 33, 10.23 332 10.38 34, 10.54 34-i 10.69 .35, 10.85 35^ 11.00 36 IT.16 36i ir.31 37, 11.47 37^ 11.62 38, 11.78 38^ 11-93 39^ 12.09 39^ 12. 2[ 40 12.40 402 12.55 41 12.71 41^ 12.86 42 13.02 42A 13-17 ^^3, 13-33 43^ 13.48 44, 13.64 444 1379 45, 13-95 45a 14.10 46 14.26 46a 14.41 47, 14-57 472 14.72 48 14.88 48 a 15-03 49^ 15-19 494 15-34 s°, 15-50 Soi 15-65 51 15.81 54 15.96 5^1 16.12 52^ 16.27 53, 16.43 533 16.58 s+, 16.74 54-^ 16.89 55, 17-05 552 17.20 5^ 17.36 5^2 17-51 5^ 17.67 572 17.82 5^ 17.98 582 18.13 .S9. 18.29 59i 18.44 60 18.60 Hrs. Am't. Hrs. Am't. 84.3 26. 19 85" 26.-- 85' 26.j(J 86 26.66 86^ 26,81 87 26.97 87 i 27.12 88 27.28 88^ -27.43 27-59 27.74 27.90 90 2 91" gih 92 92 a 93 932 94 94 95 95-^ 96 96-2 97 97i 98 98i 99 992 00 00 1 01 012 02 02}, 03"" 032 04 042 06 06I 07 07^ 08 oSh 09 09-2 10 10^ II iii 12 12.^ 13 13.^ 14 14^ IS 15^ 16 i6i 17 18 iSi 19" 19^ 20 28.05 28.21 28.36 28. S2 28.67 28.83 28.98 29.14 29.29 29-45 29.60 29.76 29.91 30.07 30.22 30.38 30-53 30.69 30.84 31-00 31.15 31-31 31.46 31.62 31.77 31-93 32.08 32-24 32-39 32-55 32.70 32.86 33.01 33-17 33-32 33-48 33-63 33-79 33-94 34.10 34-25 34-41 34-56 34-72 34-87 3.S.03 35.18 35-34 35-49 35-65 35- 80 35-96 36. 1 1 36.27 36.42 36.58 36.73 36.89 37.04 37.20 2i 3 3h 4 4^ 5 52 6 6^ 7 7h 8 9 9h o o.i ■2}, 3' 3h 4 4-^ 5 5^ 6 6^ 7 7^ 8 8^ 9 92 20 20^ 21 22 22^ ^\ 234 24 24i 25 26 26.i 27" 27^ 28 28.1 29 29i 30 AT_3iK j;ents per hour. Hrs. H rs. Am' t H vs. I Am ' t, 0.63 0.79 0.94 1. 10 1.26 1.42 1-57 1-73 1.89 2.05 2.20 2-36 2.52 2.68 2.83 2-99 3-15 31 46 62 78 94 09 25 41 57 72 88 5.04 5.20 5-35 5-51 5-67 5-83 5-98 6.14 6.30 6.46 6.61 6.77 6.93 09 24 40 56 72 87 8.03 8.19 835 8.50 8.66 8.S2 8.98 9-13 9.29 9-45 30I 31 31^ 32 322 33, 333 34 34^ 35 35^ 36 36.^ 37 37-2 38 3H 39 39^ 40 40-2 41 4^ 42 42.^ 43 43-i 44 44-^ 45 45i 46 46-i 47 47h 48 48. \ 49 49^ 50 50^ 51 51A 52 52^ 53 53^ 54 54i 55 55i 56 56A 57 57i 58 5H 59 59i 60 9.61 9-76 9.92 10.08 10.24 10.39 10.55 10.71 10.87 11.02 II. 18 11-34 1 1. 5.0 11.65 11.81 11-97 12.13 12.28 12.44 12.60 12.76 12.91 13.07 13.23 13-39 13-54 13-70 13.86 14.02 14.17 14-33 14-49 14.65 14.80 14.96 15. 12 15.28 15-43 15-59 15-75 15.91 16.06 16.22 16.38 16.54 16.69 16.85 17.01 17.17 17.32 17.48 17.64 17.80 17-95 18.11 18.27 18.43 18.58 18.74 18.90 Am't. 6o.i 6i^ 61.1 62" 62.^ 63" 63^ 64 64i 65 65.1 66 66.'. 67" 67^ 68 681 69- 69^ 70 70 2 71" 74 72 723 73 73-2 74 74^ 75 75i 76 76.', 77~ 77 h 24-41 78 24.57 78 A 24.73 79 24.88 79^ 25.04 80 25. 20 80.'. 25.36 81 125.51 81.'. 25.67 25.83 25-99 26.14 26.30 26.46 26.62 26.77 26.93 27.09 27.25 27.40 27.56 27.72 27. 88 19.06 19.21 19-37 19-53 19.69 19.84 20.00 20. 16 20.32 20.47 20.63 20.79 20.95 21.10 21.26 21.42 21.58 21.73 21.89 22.05 22,21 22.36 22.52 22.68 22.84 22.99 23-15 23-31 23.47 23.62 23.78 3-94 24.10 24-25 82 82.^ 83" 83i 84 84,'. 85' 85^ 86 86^ 87" 87^ 88" 88.^ 89 128.03 89^128. 19 90" 128.35 Hrs. Am't. 9oi 91 94 92 92.1, 93' 93' 94 942 95 95.^ 96 96.', 97" 97-' 98 98.^ 99 99-3 100 100.1, lOI 10 1.', 102 102^ 103 103^ 104 104.1 105 io5i 106 106A 107 107.') 108 - 108.1 109 109.1 no no.', Ill iiih 112 I12o 113" 113-2 JI4 114^ 115" 1154 116 1160 117" 117-1 118" ii8i 119 119!^ 120 28.51 28.66 28.82 28.98 29-14 2929 29-45 29.61 29-77 29.92 30.08 30-24 30-40 30-55 30.71 30.87 31-03 31.18 31-34 31-50 31.66 31-81 3197 32.13 32.29 32-44 32.60 32.76 32.9a 33-07 33-23 33-39 33-55 33-70 33-86 34-02 34.18 34-33 34-49 34-65 34.81 34-96 35-12 35- 28 35-44 35-59 35-75 35-91 36.07 36.22 36-38 36-54 36.70 36-85 37.01 37-17 37-33 37-48 37-64 37-80 82 CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. AT 32 CENTS PER HOUR. AT 32^^ CENTS PER HOUR • ^ H'3. 1 Ain't. Hrs. 3oi Am't. Hrs. 6oi Am't. Hrs. 9oh Am't. 28, 96 Hrs. Ain'l. Hrs. 30^ Am't. Hrs 60.^ Am't. 19.66 Hrs 90^ AnTI. 29.41 Hrs. 9.76 19.36 9.91 31 9.92 61 19.52 91 129.12 31 10.07 61"' 19.82 91 29-57 31-^ 10 08 61I 19.6b 9ii 29.28 31^. 10.24 6ih 19.99 9ii 29.74 2 0.64 32 10.24 62 ity.84 92" 29.44 2 0.65 32 10.40 62" 20.15 92 29.90 2 2.'. 0.80 32i lO.^t 62A 20.00 92i 29. 60 2^ 0.81 32^ 10.56 62* 20.31 92^ 30.06 2l! 3 0.96 33 10.56 63" 20.16 93 29.76 3. 0.97 33, 10.72 63" 20.47 93 30.22 3 3h 1. 12 33.^ ro.72 63h 20,32 93h 29.92 3h 1. 14 332 to. 89 63^120.64 932'30-i') 1 3j 4 1.28 34 ro.88 64 20.48 94 30.08 4 1.30 34, 11.05 64 20.80 94 3"..>5 1 4 1 4i 1.44 34i XI. 04 64.^ 20.64 94i 30.24 4^ 1.46 34i 1 1. 2 1 64r'i!20.96 94* 3"-7» 1 42 5 1.60 35 11.20 65 2Q.8o '5, 30.40 5 1.62 35 1137 65" 21.12 95 .30,87 1 5 .4 1.76 .''-v^ ir.36 6=;^ 20.96 95i 3^.56 si 1-79 351. ".54 6s* 21. 2<) 95i 31.04 1 52 6 I.q2 36 11.52 66" 21.12 96 30.72 6 1-95 36 11.70 6(5" 2I.4.S 96 31.2a 6 6^ 2.08 36^, 11.68 66A 21.28 96^ 30.88 6\ 2. II 36^ 11.86 66J 21.01 96J 3i-.3''5 6/, 7 2.24 37 ri.84 67" 21.44 97 31 04 7 2.27 37, 12.02 67 21.77 97 31-52 7' 1 7* 2.40 37i 12.00 67i 21.60 97i 31.20 7h 2.44 37h X2.19 67.', 21.94 97i 31. 09 7\ 8 2.56 3'^ 12.16 68 21.76 98 31.36 8 2.00 38 12.35 68" 22.10 98 31-85 8 8i 2.72 38.^ 12.32 68A 21.92 98^ 31-52 H 2.76 38i 12.51 68* 22.26 98i 32.01 8', 9 2.88 39 12.48 69" 22.08 99 31.68 9 2.92 39, 12.67 ^•9" 22. 42 99 32-17 u 9i 304 39^ 12.64 69^ 22.24 99 J 31.84 ^2.00 9^. 3-09 39i 12.84 69* 22.59 99.* 32. V\ u\ lO 3.20 40 12.8c 70 22.40 jlOO 10 3.25 40 1 3. CO 70" 2275 100 32 .0 (0 1 loJ, 3-3^ 4oh 12.96 70.^ 7X56 'look's 32.10 lo.i 3-41 40', 13. 16 ' 70A 22.91 100i'32.')rj to! I [ 3-S2 4T 13.12 7f 22.72 ;ior 32.32 IT 3-57 41 ,13-32 71 23.07 101 32.82 11 1 llh ^.68 41^ 1328 yyh 22.88 lOii 32.48 II* 3-74 41^ 13-49 71* 23.24 lOiA 32.1(9 iii liJ 3-84 42 T3-44 72 23.04 102" 32.64 12 3.90 42 13-65 72 23.40 i02"|33.i5 12 • 4 4.00 42,1 13.60 72.i 23.20 !I02.\ 32.80 12^ 4.06 42.\ 13.81 72* 23-56 102^33.31 12,1 13 4. If 43 13.76 73 23.3^ 103" 32.96 '3 4.22 43 13-97 73 23.72 '03 33-47 I^. T3V 4-32 43^. 13.92 73'' 23-52 103?. .33- '2 '3* 4-39 43-5 14.14 73* 23. F9 io3-i.33-"4 '.5-j '4 4.48 44 14.08 7^. 23.68 ;io4 33-28 '4. 4-55 44 14.30 74 24.05 104 33- «o 1 '4 . . 1 M:"; 4.04 44.\ 14.24 74\ 23.84 iio4i 33-44 14A 4.71 446 14.46 74* 24.21 io4i 33 'yc 1 'l-j 15 4.80 45 14.40 73, 24.00 1105 33.60 15 4.87 4-^ 14.62 7r> 24-37 105 34- 13 1 i.S « .. 1 '.4 4.96 45.^ T.4.56 75.^ 24.16 >05i 33.76 ^^h 5-«J4 45i 14.79 75 •' 24-54 105^34.20 '5-2 16 5.12 4(^ 14.72 76 24.32 106 33-92 16" 5.20 46 •4.95 76 24.70 106 34., 1; 16 ,6J 5.28 46.^ 1.4. H 8 76,i 24.48 io6.\ 34.08 i6i 5-3'' 46A 15.11 76* 24.86 106J 34.01 I6,\ '7 5-44 47 15.04 77 24.64 107^ .34-24 17 5 -.52 47, '5-27 77 25.02 107 .34-/7 17 . « 1 '7i SJK-i 47.J r"s.20 , 77h 24.80 107J .34-4" ^7h 5- '^9 47A '5-44 77\ 25.19 i07.i 3\-')\ '7-i 18 18.1 j8 S.76 48 '5..3<^ 7H 24.96 108 34 ■.5^' 18 5-85 48 15.'K) 78 25 35 108 35.10 18A 592 4S.\ 15.52 78^ 25.12 io8.\!34.72 ,8,i 6.01 48* 15-76 78.'. 25-51 1 08 1^ 35.20 19 6.08 -19 IS. 68 79. 25.28 i(>9"l34.88 »9 6.17 49. 15.92 79 2^.67 ro9 3.^.42 I 10 , 1 '9i 6.24 495 '5.84 79.^ 25.44 10Q.J 35.04 iq.\ 6.34 49 i 16.09 79'. 25.84 109-i 3.S-,W 1 i'>i ao 6.40 50 16.00 80 25.60 no 35.20 20 6. so 50 16.25 ! 80 26,00 no .35-7.'; 1 '20 1 soJ^ 6.56 5o.\ 16.16 8oi 25.76 ""i35-3f' ao.i 6.66 .5oi 16.41 80.J 26. 1 6 110^35.171 20^, •21" 6.72 S« 16.32 Hi 25.92 III 35-52 31 6.82 51 16.57 81 26.3a III 136.07 2,i •^'i 6.88 S'i 16.48 8ii 26. pV 111.^35.68 2li 6.99 51* 16.74 81,'. 26.49 111^36.24 2J 7.04 .52 16.64 82 26. 24 112" 3 c;. 84 22 7 15 52 16.90 82 26.65 II a 13640 22 22i 7.20 52.\ 16.80 82,1 26. 40 112^ 36.00 32, \ 7-31 52* 17.06 82]^ 26.81 112^ 36.56 2i\ 21 7- 36 53 16.96 «3"' 26. 56 113' 36.16 23" 7-47 .53. 17.22 83" 26.97 113 30.72 =3 23i 7-5- 53i 17.12 83i 36. 72 113,^36.32 '■'3h 7.64 .53* 17-39 83i 27.14 "3i36-8<) 2y. 34 7.'''H 54 17.28 84 26.88 114 36.48 'M 7.80 54 >7-55 84 27.30 114 37,1^ '-•'4 a.ji 7.84 .54^ '7.44 84 A 27.04 "4i 36.64 24i| 7.96 .54 i 17.71 84i 27.46 114^3721 24 ' ?5 8.00 5.5 17.60 ^5" 27.20 lis .36.80 25 8.12 55. 17.87 85 37.62 "5 37 37 ... 1 asi n.i6| .55* ^7-76 tl' 27.36 115^36.9') 25i 8.29 .55* 18.04 85i 27.79 11 si 37-54 -s;, 26 8.3a 56 17.9a 27. sa 116 37.12 26 8-45 ^'> i8.ao 86 i7.Q5 116 37/0 2{i i a6i 8.48 S6| 18.08 86.J 37.68 116J 37.28 26^ 8.61 .56.i 18.36 86A 38.11 ti6^ 37.86 26 ' 27 8.f>4 .S7 18.24 "7. 3784 "7 37.44 27 8.77 57 18. w 18.69 87 28.27 117 38. J 27 374 8.80 S7i 18.40 874 aS.oo «i7i .37.^0 27i 8.94 57h 87i 2844 ii7i > 0*7 28 a8 8.q6 58 i«.5^ 88 28.161 118 I37.76 28 9.10 58 18,85 88 28.60 118 #r, 28i 9.12 58i 18.72 88^28.32 118^37.93 28,i 9.26 sH 19.01 88^ 28.76 ii8i 3^5' '2!' 29 9.S8 59 i3,«8 89 28.48 119 38.08 rioj 38 84 29 9,4a 59. 19.17 Bo 38.9a 119 3K67 29 89j 9.44 .S9i '9- 04 89^38.6.1 29 J 9-59 59i >9.34 89S 39.09 1.94 3H 84 »(/ 30 9.60 1 6c 1 19.20 1 90 I28.80I 1 30 I38 40 30 1 9-75 60 10- so Qo 39.35 lao I3000 J 30 CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK 8.3 [lOUR. AT 33 CENTS PER HOUR. t. Hrs. An?I. ■ '^^s. Am't Hrs. Am't 90^ 91 94 92 92^ 93 93-^ 94 94* 95 29.41 29-57 29. 74 29. (JO 30.0') 30.22 30.,., 30-35 30.71 .-, 30,87 95i 31-04 96 9H 97 97i 98 98i 99 99§ 100 31.20 31- 315^ 31.69 3i-a5 32.01 32- '7 32- !4 ,32 .0 lOoA 32.'i'l 101 3-'. "'2 101.^ 3--' '9 102 3^15 102^33.31 103 133.47 103^3.^- ''4 104 3Joo 104.^ 33 '") 105 34.13 105^ 3.}. J : 106 31.1; lo^jj 34. 'u 107 .34' ?7 i07i .vl-"4 108 35.10 108 J 35--"' 109 J3.-I-; 109.^135. VI no 135,7^ iioi35-'(i 111 13^1.07 111^36.24 1 12 'S(y\o 112^ .S^.S^^j 113 30.72 113^36.89 114 37'^^ U4i 37 J I "5 • i.si 116 117 "7i tiB 118^ 119 U9j 120 37 37 37-54 37 /o 37.86 3^^ '^ 3B.ri 3H SJ 3HH4 i ^1 ) 00 2 3 02 4 4^ >; 5"' 6 6.1 7" 7^ 8 8.', "^ 10 10! (I iii 12 M '5 iv'. 10 '7" '7!. 18 i8', 10 .wi 20 ■.M 22 22,', =3 ^3\ ^4 ^4^ -'5 25-^ 26,1^ i>7 27i 38 28.;, 29 0.66 0.82 0.99 1-15 i.32 1.48 1.65 1.81 1.98 2.14 2.31 2.47 2. h.\ 2.80 2.97 .313 330 3.46 3-'J3 3 79 3-9'' 4. 12 4.29 4 45 4 62 4.78 4- 05 5 28 5 44 5.61 5-77 S94 6.10 6.27 ^•43 6.60 6.76 6.03 7.09 7.26 7.43 7 59 7- 75 7-92 8.08 8.25 8..,, S.nB 8.74 8.91 9.07 9.24 9 40 957 9.73 99c 30J 31 32 32.J 33^ 34i 35 35i 36 3^ 37 37-5 38 38^ 39 392 40 40 li 41 41^ 42 42 i 43 XO.06 10.23 10. 39 10.56 I Hrs. Am't. Hrs. Am't. 43i 44, 45 i- 46 46.', A7h 48 48.i 49i :^oi 52 J 53 10.89 11.05 11.22 11.38 "■55 II. 71 11.88 12.04 12 21 12.37 »2.54 12.70 12.87 '303 13.20 13-3^' '.-J- 53 13.69 13 86 14.02 14. IQ M-35 14.52 14.68 14.85 15.01 15.18 15-34 I5-5' 15-67 15.84 i6.f)o 16. 17 '^•33 16 50 16.66 1 6. 83 i6.<)9 17.16 17.32 17.49 53i| 17-65 54. 1 17-82 17-98 18.15 54i 554 56-i 57 i 58i 59i 60 18.31 18.48 18.64 18.81 18.Q7 19.14 15k. 30 6oh 6i" 61 .^ 62" 62', 63" 63i 64 64.'. 65^ 66 66' 67 67.^ 68' 68.1 69- 69.^ 70 70J 71 7^ 72 72'; 73 /3j 74 74A 75 75-'. 76 76^ 77 77 h. 78 78 i 79 79-J 80 8oi 8t 81. \ 82 8ai ^^ 83i 84 84 A 85^ 86 86i 87 87. \ 88 88 i ?:> «9i 00 19.96 20.13 20.29 20.46 20.62 20.79 20.95 21. 12 21.28 2^-45 21.61 21.78 21. 9^ 22.11 22.27 22.44 22.60 22.77 22.93 23. 10 23.26 23-43 23-59 23.76 23.92 24.09 24- 25 24.42 24.58 24-75 24.91 25.08 25-24 25' 4' 25-57 25- 74 25.90 26.07 26.23 26.40 26. 56 26.73 a6. 89 i 7, 06 27.33 27-39 27-55 27.72 27.88 28.05 aM.at 28.38 28.54 28.71 28.87 20.04 29.20 39-37 39.53 j<) 70 90^ 91' 91.!, 92 92^ 93 93' 94 94^ 95 95^. 96 96^ 97 07.', 98 98,1 99' 99-\ 00 00,^ 01 01.^ 02 02 \ 03 03 i 04' 04 .\ 05 05'. o<) 29.86 30.03 30.19 30.36 30.52 30.69 30-85 3r.o2 31.18 31-35 31-51 31.68 31.84 32.01 32.17 32. M 32. 50 32.67 32. «3 .33. o" 33-33 33- 4') I 33-' 33-^ 33-99 34- '5 .34-32 34-48 34.65 34-81 34.98 •;ri3.s.'4 07, 35-31 075135-47 08 13S.64 08.V35.80 09 135-97 09.y3'), 13 10 36.30 10^ 36.46 n 136.03 36.7c) 36.96 37. 1 a 37-39 37-45 37.6a 37-78 .37-95 ^8.11 38.28 38.44 38.61 3^.77 .38.94 39. 10 ,3' -3; 196 39 43 ao '39.60 AT 33 M CENTS PER HOUR. His. Am L iHis. 'Ani'i. IHrs. lAm't la I2\ \% M 14'. 15 154 16 i6.\ >7 »7-5 t8 18.S 19 3 3'' 4 4!> 5 5i 6 6-4 7 ^1 /•J 8 8 9 94 10 io.\ II 11.^ 12 "4 ^3 134 14 i4i 15.'. 16 i6i 174 18 i«4 i<) 194 20 20.4! 31 214 22 22,\ 23 23i 24 24i 25 254 20 26. i 27" 274 38 284 aq 894 .30 0.67 0.84 1. 00 r.17 1-34 I-5I / 67 • H 2.0! 2 3 2-34 2-51 2.68 2.85 3.01 3.18 3.3s 3.52 3.68 3-85 4.02 4.1Q 4-35 4-52 4-6q 4.86 5.02 5.19 5-36 5-53 5-6q 5-86 6.03 6.20 6.3" 6.53 6.70 6.87 7.03 7.20 7 37 7-54 7.70 7.87 8,04 8.21 8.37 8.54 8.71 8.88 9.04 9.31 9-38 9-55 9.71 9.88 10,05 300 31 .^'■•' 32 32 .\ 33 334 34 34.^ 35 354 36 364 37 37-: 38 384 39 ?n\ 40 404 41 414 42 42 ."i 43 434 44 444 45 454 10.22 10.38 7.59 »7-75 17.9a 18.09 i8.a6 18.4a 18.59 18.76 I8.<;3 19.09 19.36 19.43 1 (J. 60 19.76 *9-93 ao. 10 46.'. 47 47.'. 48' 484 49 404 50 5t4 52 5a,\ 53 534 54 544 55 554 56 .564 57 574 58 584 595 60 60J1 61" 61 J 62" 62.^ 63" 634 64 64.^ 65" 654 66 66.1 67" 67.\ 68" 68 .\ 69- 6c).l 70"^ 704 7i" 714 72 724 73 734 /4 744 75 754 76 76.'. 77' 77-1 78 78.'. 79 794 80 80;, 20.27 20.43 20. 60 20.77 20. 94 21.10 21.27 21.44 21.61 21.77 21. v4 22. II 22.28 22.44 22.61 22.78 22.95 23.11 23.28 23-45 23.62 23.78 23-95 24. 12 24.29 -'4-45 24.62 2 1-79 2.1.96 25. 12 25.29 25.46 25-63 25-79 25.96 26.13 26.30 26 46 26. 63 2'). 80 ■26.97 Hrs. I Am't. 81 I27. 13 81.0 82" 83.^ 83' 83'. 84" 844 85 8sA 86" 86.i 87 874 88 27.30 27.-47 27.64 27. 80 27-97 2S.14 28.31 2S.47 28.64 a8.8i 28.98 39. 14 29.31 2',. 48 88.Va9.65 8g 1 39, 8 1 89 4 29.98 9 " '3".<5 904 91 914 92 92^, 93 ~ 93'. 94 944 95 954 96 96" 97 974 98 98, 99 994 00 004 oi 01.^ 02 02.', 03' 034 f'4 04.', 05 05A 06 .\ 07" 074 08 08.3, "9 o<;.J, 10 'o4 II "i 13 ia.i 13 134 »4 '44 i> ».5-^ 16 I6.i «7 »7 18 30.32 30.48 30.65 30.82 30-99 31.1: 31.32 31 49 3 1 . 06 31.82 31-99 32. 1 6 3^-33 3"- 49 32.66 32.83 33.^-0 33.16 3.3-33 33. .50 33-67 3383 34.00 34- « 7 ,il-34 34- 50 34-t^>7 34- «4 35.01 3.S->7 35-34 35-51 35-68 35-84 36.01 36-18 36 35 36.51 36.68 36.85 37.0a 37.18 h7 35 37- 52 37-69 .^7-^5 38.0a 38.19 38.36 38.5a <8.^»o jH.86 39.03 •>(\. IQ [..V,.36 .39-53 184:3c 70 19 {39 86 19440.03 ao '40.80 •rmr^ 84 CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. AT 34 CENTS PER HOUR. AT 34K CENTS PER HOUR : Hrs. Hro.;Ain't. 1 Hrs. 3°h Aia'i. 10.37 His. 60.1 Arn't. 20.57 Hrs. r)oh Ani't. 3077 Hrs. Ain't. Hrs. 30^ Arn't. Hrs.jAm't. Hr.s.iAni't. 1 9oi!3i-22 1 10.52 60? 20.87 31 10.5.1 61' 20.74 91 3094 31 10.69 61" 21.04 91 31-,-io 31-! 10.71 6a 20.91 91 i 31. 11 31-^ 10.87 61A 21.22 91^ 31-.S7 2 0.68 32 10.88 62" 21.08 92 31.28 a 0.69 32 11.04 62 521.39 92 31-7-1 2! 0.85 3^1 11.05 62. \ 21.25 92^ 31-45 Or. 0.86 32A 11.21 62^,121.56 92^ 3'.wi 3 r.o2 33 11.22 63" 21. .^2 93" 31.62 3" 1.03 33 11.38 63" 21.73 93, 32.08 3 3i 1. 19 1 33^' 11.39 63.1 21.59 935 31-79 3h 1.21 33i 11.56 63^\ 21.91 932 32.26 3- 4 J. 36 34 11.56 64 21.76 94 31.90 4 i-,33 34 11-73 64 22.08 91 32-13 4 . 1 4h i.o3 34A "•73 64i 21.93 94l. 32- 13 4.^ 1-55 34.:. 11.90 64.', 22.25 94'' 32 00 4 r 5 1.70 3> 11.90 65 22.10 95 32.3^ 5 5-i 1.72 35 12.07 65 22.42 95, 32.77 5h 1.87 35 j, 12.07 6si 22.27 95A 32-47 1.90 35'. 12.25 6q.V '2.60 95-\ 32.95 5- 6 6' 6 2.04 36 12.24 66 22.44 96 32.64 6 .2.07 36 12.42 66" 22.77 96 33-12 6.', 2.21 36A I2..^I 66 J 22.t)I 96J, 32.81 6i 2.24 30h 12.59 66^ 22.94 96i 3329 7 2.38 37 12.38 67- 22.78 97 32.98 7 2.41 37, 12.76 67 23.11 97, 334" !,i 7A 2.55 37^ 12.75 67^ 22.95 97^ 3.^15 7i •2-59 37A 12.94 67.!, 23.29 97* .33^4 b ! 8- 8 C.72 38 12.92 68 23.12 98 33-32 8 2.76 38 13.11 68 23.46 98 .13- «i H 2.89 38A 13.09 68.1. 23.29 98i 33-49 8.'. 2-93 38.'. 13.28 68., '23.63 9H 33 ^^8 9 3.06 39 13 26 69" 23.46 99 33. 6" 9, 3.10 39 13-45 69" 23.80 99 34-16 9 9i 3.23 39?. 13-43 6f>.', 23.f'3 99'. 33-83 9.^ 3.28 39i 13.63 69.^ 23.92 99' 1 J J ■ ■ in 10 3-40 40 13.60 70 23.80 100 34.o(^ 10 3-45 40 13.80 70 24.15 100 34-50 1 \j 10' loA 3-57 40'i r3-77 7oi 23-97 i I ool 34-17 loi 3.02 4oi 13-97 1 70?, 24.32 lOO^ 34- &7 1* J. < T T 11 3-74 41 13-94 7i 24.14 lOl' 34-34 ir 3-79 41 14.14 71 i'^4.49 lOI 34-84 A 1 tv' iih 3-91 4a 14.11 7^!j ^•^31 IOjA 34-51 ^^h 3-97 41A 14-32 71,, ^4.67 101 A 3^.02 ' I 1 9 12 4.08 42 14. 28 72 24.48 102" 34 -f '8 34-85 12 4,14 A2 i4..}9 72 ^4.84 102 35-19 12.;, 4-25 42A M-45| 72.1 24.65 102.1, 12.^ 4.31 42i 14.60 72i 25.01 102A 35- Jf 1^ 13 13' 14 t 11 ^3 4.42 43 14.62 73, 24.82 X03' 35-02 13 4.48 43 14-83 73, 25.18 103' 35- ij ^A 4.59 ' 43.^ M79 7:4 24.99 '036 35- '9 •3i 4.66 43-i 15.01 73-\ 25^^ '03i 35-7' 14 4.76 4f 1 4. 90 74 J5. 16 104 35-3" 14 4-8^ 44 i.",i3 74 25-53 104 3.5- »8 Mj 4.93 44-^ 15-13 74.'. 25-33 104^, 3.5-53 i4i 5. CO 1 44-' 15.35 74^ 25.70 io4i 36-05 15 5.10 4S 15-3" 75 25- 5<^ 105 35-.' ' 15 5.17, 4-\ '5-52 75 25.87 105 36.22 5^ i5i 5.27 45i 15-47 7Fh 25.67 lOfvi 35-87 ^sh 5-35 4Sh 15-70 7^' 26.05 io5i 36.40 16 16 5-44 46 1 5- ^'4 76 .'5.84 106 30.04 16 5-52 46 '5-87 ;o 26. 22 106 3657 16 1 T6i 5.6'. 46.\ 15.81 76.\ •2,(\ n I io6^ 36.21 i6.i 5-69 46.', 16.04 7H 26.39 106.J 36.74 '7 '7.i 18 »7 5.78 47 1.S.98 77 26.18 107" 36.38 '7. 5. 86 47" 16.:', 77 26.56 107 3691 1 »7i 5-95 47^ 16.15 77\ 26.35 ii>7i 3"- 55 17-^ 6.04 47i 16.39 77l< 2674 107^37-^9 1 iS 6.12 4H .6.32 78 26.52 108 36.72 18 6. a I 4^> ! 6. 50 78 26.91 108 1 37.26 i8> I8.i 6. ?,9 4P..I 16.49 78i 26.69 loR.i. 36.89 i8i 6.38 48!. 16.73 78.1; 27.08 lO^i 37-43 1* >9 6. 40 49" 16.66 79 20.86 1("; 37.06 19 6.551 ^9 16. go 79 27.25 109 37.(.o m'. '9.i 6.6 ^ 4qI 16.83 79'i 27.03 iow,v 37.23 19A 6.73 49 A 17.08 79! 27.43 109.', 3778 * '.J ao ao 6.80 50 17.00 80 27.20 110 137.-11' 20 6.90 50 17 "5 80 27.60 110 37-95 aok 30 A 6.97 5oi 17.17 80A ^7-37 110^ 37.57 20', 7.07 50'. 17.42 8o,J. 27.77 ..oi 38.1a 21 21" 7.i4 5» 17-34 81 27-54 HI 137-74 ri 1 7.C4 51. 1 7- .591 81" 27.04 HI 38.29 21 \ aii 7-3' 5ti 17.5' 8..\ 27.71 111.V37.91 214 7.4a h'h '777 I 81,'. a8. la lllj^ 38.17 22 7.48 52 17. 68 8a' 2788 112 138.08 aa 7-59 52 17.94 8a" i'8.r9 iia 38.04 22^ 7.6s 53.\ 17.85 82A 28.05 Iiai33.a5 22i 7.7b 52i 18.11 8aA 28.46 Tiai 38.81 '"* I 23' 7. 'a 53 18.02 «3" 28.22 113 38.4a 23 7.93 53 i8.a8 83' a8.63 ^'3 38,98 J ■ ^^h 1 S3A 18.19 83A 28.39 ' 13-^38.59 ''3'i 8.11 53i 18.46 83.\ a8.8i »i3i 30. 16 ? 1 84 5» 18.36 84 28. 56 M4 I38.76 -.J 8.2S' 54 i8.6^ 84- a8.98 114 3<>.^3 '. -.1 - ' 54 i 18.53 J^4i ''''^■73 'Mi 38-93 24i 8.45 54'. 18.80 84!, 29.15 i«4i 3'.>..iO i-' '^s. 5.S 18.70 85 28. 90 115 :{9.io 25 8. (.2 55 18.97 85 39.33 "5 39. f 7 254 ae,h & ,7 555 18.87 85i 29.07 n 5 J 39-27 25.'. 8.8u 55.\ «9-'5 8^,1. 29.50 i»5i 3(..35 26" 0.84 56 ic 04 86 39. 24 116 J39.44 to 8.07 5" 19.3a 80* a9.67 116 40 03 2'>', 26.^ y.ui 56i 19.21 86,\ 29.41 1 16.^ 39.6'. 2..i 9.14 56i 19.4.. S6^l2o B| 1 Tl6^ i\o. M 'J7 a? 9.18 57 19.38 87" 29. 58 »'7 3978 a7 9-3< -'57. i().66 87 30.01 117 40.36 a7i 9.35 57i 19.55 87i 2975 «i74 39-«'' 27i 9.49 .57 \ 19.84 87i 30. 19 "74 .JO. 54 a8 9.52 5« 10.7a 88 a9. oa tt8 40.1a aA 9.6(1 5» ao.oi 88 30.36 118 4071 aH' a8^ 9.69 58i 19.89 88J 30. 09 ii3i4o.i:y a^i 9.«3 5H ao. 1 8 88^ .io.53 ^J^ .JO. 88 39 aq 9.80 59. ao.o6 89, 30. 26 119 140.4^ 39 10.00 59 20.35 89 30.70 110 41.05 j 7iS ■9J 1003 g» ao. 33 R9i 30.43 ii9j|:.»o.f)3 a9-i 10.18 50i ao. |;3 89,\ 30,88 Ii9i ■y ii 1 'J «o_ zo.ao 20.40 90 qo. 60 1 laf) I40 Ho 30 1 10.35 (10 ao. 70 90" 3i.05_ I90 41.40 k^m ^f'^flPPlPWKWPPi CANADIAN contractor's HAND- BOOK 8S HOUR. t. Hrs.iAiu't 90^131.22 94 92 92^ 93 93^ 91 94u 95 953 96 9Ci 97 97h 98 98^ 99 99 1 100 100^ lOI 102 31-57 31.74 3i.*)i 32.08 32.26 3--13 32 00 32-77 32.95 33.12 33-2^( 33- 4" 33^4 j3-8i 3398 34. li :■;; r 34-50 34- f'? 34-84 3^.02 35-1') 102^:35.30 103 104 104,', io5i 106 106^36.74 107 13691 1 07 J 37.09 108 137.2^ 35.53 35-7' 35. «8 36.05 36.22 36.40 3fJ .•>/ 109 109.', no I I O.J hi" iiiA ria ml "3 • '34 114 "4i "5 >»si 116 117* 118 37- -O 37.60 37-78 37-95 38.1a 38.29 3«-47 38.04 38. 8 r 38,98 3'' «6 3<>33 3''..'0 3"- "7 30.35 40 oa 4<». I'l 4(>.,V> 40 ^ 4.) 71 4<..H8 4' "5 His. 3 3!> 4 4' c 5^ 6 6^ 7 ^1 /J 8 8i 9 9i 10 10^ II al 12 12', »3 i3i 14 16 16.', '7 18 II) i"i 30 2(j\ 21 31 ' 33 24 AT 35 CENTS PER HOUR. Ain't Hrs. Am't. Mrs. Am't. !^Hrs. Am't, 0.70 0.87 1.05 1.22 1.40 1-57 75 i.92 2.10 2.27 2.62 2.80 3.15 3.3- 3.50 3.67 3-85 4.02 4.20 4 37 4 55 4.72 4.90 i'l '4' 5-07 5-25 5-42 5,60 577 5-95 6. J 2 6.30 ' -47 6.05 6.82 7.00 7.17 7.31 •J 7-52 7.70 7.87 "94 ■:' '.< lao i4i 40 :-i 36 26.^ a; 8.05 8.33 8.40 ".57 ■75 8.()a 9.10 o.a; 0-45 9.63 9.80 9-97 10.15 ?'^i to.3-a JO 110.50 30J 31 3r^ 32 32 ;\ 33 33' 34 34^ ^\ 35-2 36 3^i 37 37 J 38 38^ 39 392 40 10.67 10.85 11. 02 It. 20 "•37 "•55 11.72 If. 90 12.07 12.25 12.42 12.60 12.77 12.05 13.12 '3. 30 '3-47 '3.'J5 13.82 14.00 40^ 14.17 14-35 41 41.^ 4- 42 -J 43 43' 44 4-44 45 45!. 46 46I 47 47i 48 48.'. 40 49-i 5oi 51 5' 4 s^ 52 J S3 14.52 14.70 14.87 'S.05 15.22 15.40 15-57 1575 15-92 16.10 16.27 <^>.45 16.62 16.80 l6.<;7 ^7-iS '7-32 17-50 17.^7 1 7- 85 iH.oa 18.20 18.37 18.55 53 i 18.72 54 18.. )0 19.07 l<>.35 19. 1 3 ly.oo 'j-77 ^'^95 JO. 1 3 58 190.30 544 55, 55'! 56^ 57i 3-^47 58-i .'i9 j3«>.65 Vaiao.Ba lai.oo g 60.! 6x" 61.1 62" 62.', 63" 63.4 64 64-^ 65 654 66 66'- 67 67.', 68" 68,1 69" 69! 70 704 7f 7r4 72 72 i 73 734 74 744 75 754 76 764 77 77 -J 78 784 79 794 80 8o.i 81 8ii 21. 17 21.35 21.52 21.70 21.87 22.05 22,22 22.40 •^2.57 22.75 22.92 23.10 23.27 23 45 23. 'J2 23.80 23-97 24.15 24.32 24.50 24.07 24.85 25.02 25. 20 25-37 .55 .72 25.90 26.07 26.25 26.42 26.6c 26.77 26.95 ,12 27.30 7-47 27- ^'5 27.82 28. fX) 2M, 17 28. 35 28.5a 82 aS.70 82 J 3^5.87 29.05 29 83 834 84 844 85 8.'54 86 86.i ^7. 874 38 884 89" 894 90 23 aq,.»o 2<>.57 ^9 75 39.' ja 30. 10 30.27 30.45 30. 63 30.80 30. U7 3'.»5 3«.32 31-50 90. ft 91 914 92 92 .J 93" 934 94 31-67 31-85 32.02 32.20 32.37 32.55 32.72 32.90 94-^33.07 95 133.25 95.4 33.42 96 9'>4 97 974 98 98.'* 994 00 33-60 33-77 33-95 34-12 34.30 34 47 34-65 34.82 35.00 oo4;35.i7 ot oi. 02 02' 03 35.35 35.52 35-70 3 J. I'/ 3''-o.f: 03 V 3'^. 22 04 04 .\ 05" "54 06 06 i 07 137-45 074 37-62 3''. ^7 3''. 7 5 36.92 37. 10 37.27 08 o84 09. 37-80 37.97 ,38.15 094 38.32 TO 138.50 i 38.07 '38. 85 39- oa 39. ao 10 It "1 ta ia.\ >5 i4 10 164 74 39 37 39.55 .39.72 3').QO 40.07 .J0.2 5 40 42 .|0.()() |o-77 40.9: 41. ta 18 J4I.30 i8i;4'-47 19 141.65 19,^ 41.8a ao 4:>i.oo AT 3b .^ CENTS PER HOUR. _^ Hrs. Am t. Hrs. Am't. Hrs. Ain't. Hrs. Am't. 2h 3 -J 4 44 5 54 6 64 7 74 8 I 84 9 94 xo 10^, II "4 12 12,^ I^ 36-401 14 '44 10 '64 17^ 1/4 19 20 20,^ 21 2 1 ,', 224 23 234 24 24i 25 254 2f) 26.J 'V 274 28 28i 0.71 0.89 1.06 r.24 T.42 1.60 1.77 '•95 2.3; 2,48 J.66 2.84 3.02 3- '9 3-37 3-55 3-73 3-90 4.08 4,26 4.44 4.61 4-79 4^97 5' 1 5 5-32 5^50 5.68 5-86 6.03 6.21 i8 6.39 'Hi! 6.57 19 ; 6.74 4' 6.9a 7.10 7.28 7.45 7-^'3 7.81 7.00 8.16 8-34 8 52 8.70 8.37 905 (). 23 94' 9- 58 9.76 9-94 10. 13 39 I to. 29 2')' 3oA 31 314 32 324 33 10.83 11.00 II. 18 11.36 "•54 11.71 -.oh 11.89 53 34 344 35 354 36 36.>. 37 374 38 384 39 394 40 404 41 4'4 42 424 43 434 44 444 45 454 46 464 47 47-4 48 484 49 404 12.07 12.25 12.42 12.00 12.78 12.96 13-13 '3-3^ '3-49 13^67 1 3- 84 14.02 14.20 14.38 '4-55 '473 14.91 15.09 15,26 '5-4! 15.62 15.80 15.97 16. ic 16. 33 16.51 1 6. 08 16.86 17.04 17 22 '7. .3') '7- .57 .50 117-75 504 '7-93 51 1 18.10 51.ji18.28 5- i8..t6 52,', 18,64 53" 18,81 534l'8.99 54 '9- '7 544 55 554 193s '9-52 19.70 V10.47 30 110.05 56 j 19.88 56,V20.o6 "57 ",20. 23 574; 20. 4 1 58 ao. 59 584 5^ 5 29 2 ». 46 29- 'M 9. 82 •i 3"- 00 .P-17 30.35 .30.53 30.71 30. 88 31.06 3 '.24 3'-4a 5'- 59 3»-77 3«-95 904 91 94 92 924 93 934 94 944 f^5 954 96 96.\ 97 974 98 08 i 99 100 ion,\ lOl lOI^ t02 1C2.^ 103' 103.', 104 104.' '05 1054 T06 !m6.'. -1 09 o9.\ 10 10,^ II "4 la 12^ 13" 134 14 14' '5 '5.'. 16" i6,\ '7 i7.\ 18 i8.i 32.13 32.30 32.48 32.66 32.84 33- 01 33^ '0 33-37 33^ 55 33-72 33-90 34.08 34.26 34-43 34.61 34^ 79 34-97 35- '4 35-32 35- .50 35-68 3585 36.03 36.21 36.39 56 36.74 36. 92 37. 10 37^27 !7-45 37. "3 37.^' 98 ^i^. 16 i3-'-.14 .^•'.52 3t; >9 38.67 39.05 39.23 .'5o,.lo 39,58 39-76 39-94 .}o. 1 1 40. 29 .47 40,65 40.83 41.00 41.18 41.36 4 '-53 41.71 41.89 42.07 19 I42.24 I9ii42.4a 30 143.60 pmpipin mmmm wmmmifv^l_}i 86 CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. AT 36 CENTS PER HOUR. AT 36 y. CENTS PER HOUR • Hrs'. lAm'l. Hrs. 3oi Am't. Mrs. 60.' lAm't. 21.78 Hrs. Am't. 90^ 32.58 Hrs Am' I. Hrs 30' Am't. 11.13 Hrs. Am'i. 60.y22.c8 ! Hrs. 9°^ Ain't, fo.98 33- 'J3 31 11.16 61" 2 1 . 96 91 32.76 3\ II. 31 61 22.26 91 3321 3tA 11.34 6.,i 22.14 91^32.94 31^ II. so 6Ti 22.45 9ii 33 10 9 0.72 32 11.52 62 22.32 92 33-^^ 2 0.73 32 11.68 62 ,22.63 92 .33- ^y 2" 0.90 32i IT. 70 62.', 22.50 92^ 3330 2^ 0.91 32.1 11.86 62^,22.81 92A 33-7'- 3 1.08 33" 11. K8 ^>3" 22.68 i 93 33-48 3 1.09 33 12.04 63"i22.99 93"33W 1 3i 1.26 33-i 12.06 '•3' 22.86 1 93^. 33,66 3h 1.28 33^ 12.23 1 63^^.18 93i34n 1 4 '•44 34 12.24 64 23.04 94 33-84| 4 t.46 '"^"^i 12.41 I 64 123.36 94 34 1 4:i 1.62 34 i 12.42 ^4 23. 22 94-i 34.02! 4.", 1.64 34i 12.59 64 -J 23 54 94 34 ,'* 5 1.80 35 12.60 65 23.40 95 34.20 S 1.82 35 12.77 65 23.72 95 34- "7 v\ 1.98 35h 12.78 65A 23.58 95A 3438 5A 2.01 35^ 12.96 6^1 23.91 95i 3436 6 2. 16 36 12.96 66 23.76 96 34-5(5 6 2.19 36, 13-14 66" 24.09 96 35-04 6^ 2 34 3H T3-I4 66,1 23-94 9H 34-74 6^. 2.37 36?. 13-32 66.1 24.27 96i 35-^^2 7' 2.52 37 '352 67 ~ 24.12 97' 3,). 92 7 2-55 37 13-50 67" 24.45 97. 35. .10 7^ 2.70 37.^ 13-50 67h 24.30 97h 35- 'o 7-j 2 74 37-^ 13.69 67^. 24.04 97h 35-59 8 2.88 38 1 3. 68 68 24.4^ 98 35-28 8 2.92 3^ 13.87 68 24.82 98 3:^-77 ^1^ 3.06 38A 30 13.86 68.1 24. 66 98 ?i 35- i^^ H 3.10 3H 14.05 68.', 25.00 98^ 33- ')5 9 3-24 14.04 69- 24.84 90 35-64 9 328 39 14-23 5< -5.18 99 .'-"•'.? 9h 342 39!' 14.22 69', 25.02 : og^. 35.82 9h 3-47 390 14.42 69.^ 2537 99 i .i"-,!2 10 3.60 40 1.J.40 70 25. 20 iioo 36. 00 10 3-65 40 14.60 1 70 25.5s 100 31) 50 loi 3.78 4o\ 14.58 70] 25-38 1100.1, 36.18 loh 3-83 "o' 14.78 70^ 25.73 lOO.l 'S'">A II 396 41 14 70 71 25.5^ lioi .0-3" 11 4 01 41 14.96 71 25-91 lOl 36. 86 iiA 4.14 4Ti 1494 7>.^ 2.V74 ilOl.l, 36-54 ^■•j 4 20 41 h '5.15 7^1 26. 1 1 01 A 37.05 12 432 42 15.12 72 25.92 '102" 36.72 12 4-38 42 15-33 72 26.28 102 37 2j I2i 4-5'^ 42.1 I5-.S" 72,^2'). 10 ro2,'i 36.90 '4 4.56 42i. i5.5« 72.^ 26.46 102J374' 1 ^3 4.08 43 i5..,S 7-^' 2:.. 28 103" 37.08 13 4-74 1 4-^ 15.69 73 26. 64 103 37.5') I '3i 4.8. 43-^ IS.!)6 732 -' 4^' '03. J 37.20 ^^i 4-93 43i I., 88 73h 26.83 1 03 J 37. 7« 1 14 5041 44 i.S-84 74 26.04 104 37-44 f4 5. 'I 44 16.06 74 27.01 104 37-'<" 1 M-i 5-2-! 1 44.1. 16.02 74.'.! 26. 32 i04,[, 37.62 rj.l 5-29 44-!i 16.24 74h 27.19 104,^138.11 ■ 15 S-4^' 45 16.20 75 27.00 1^5 37.80 i^ ..-47 •»s. l6..|2 75 27.37 105 (38.32 ■ I'^h 5.58! 45.\ 16.38 7,f, 27.18 i05.\ 37-98 lv\ 5. 06 45A 16.61 7^^ 27. 50 105 Ji 38.31 ■ 16" 5-7<'' 46" 16,56 76 27.36 106' 38. 16 16 .S-84 46 16.79 76 ^7-7'. 106 [^t^ ''g ^ t6.V 5 94 < 46,\ 16.74 76.\ 27-54 106.', 38.34 i6i 6.02 •f6i 16.97 76.'. 27.92 io6i 3;: 8; 1 17' M2, 47 16.92 77 27.721 107" 38-52 T7 6. 2(j i 47 '7- '5 77 28.10 107 3^ 05 1 I7i ^'3"». 47.^ 17.10 77\ 27 C)0 107^ 38.70 '7i 6.3" 47-i '7-34 77^- 28.29 i07-i 3'» 24 1 18 6.48 4S 17.18 7^ 28.08 108" 38.88 18 6.57 48 '7.52 78 28.47 108 's'-\i 1 18.1 t).<)0 4*^^. '7-4" t 78.'. :-8.2(« io8.t 3Q.06 i8.\ 6.75 48^ 17.70 78', 28.05 108AI 3"-"» 1 iq" 6.84 40 •7''4 7.," 28.44 109 39. -'4 '9, 6-93 49 17.88 79 28.83 io»; 3'..7« 1 iq.\ 7.03 4C).\ 17.82 79.'. 28.62 1 io'>-i 39-42 10!. 7.12 49i 18.07 79". 29.02 109^, 3"w7 ■ 20 7.20 5" i*<.oo 80" 2.'^. 80 1 IO~ 39- 60 20 7.30 50 18.25 8f. 29.20 no . K' i.S ■ ao.^ 7-3B 50.^ 1H.18 8n J, 28.98 IIO.\ 3078 ao'. 7.48 ,50.\ 18.43 8o^ 29.38 "o.il4<'..^J 21' 7.:,') 5> 18.3') 8 1 ~ 29. 1 ') I tl Y). 96 21 7. 60 5« i8.f)i 81' 29.56 Ml '•i'-K^^i a>i 7.74 5'.i 18.54 8i.li'-'i'.34 11 1.^1.40.141 21.J 7-85 5'.i 18.80 8t.\ 29.75 1 i 1 .J 4u. ;o 33 7.q-^ 52 18.72 82 2..). 5.: IT3 140.321 22 8.03 ^', 18 98 82" 29-93 113 140. H8 a2.\l 8. 10 52'. 18.90 82.\|20 70 113 V. 10.7)! .?-!, 8.2": .52.1 19. i6i 82.» 30. 1 1 1 I2.i'4I.ui 2r 8.28 53 19.08 •\1 ■ 3 , rf8 "3^ 40. 081 23 8. 39 53 19.34' 83" 30.29 113 ;4i.i| 23 ■• 8.46 53J •9.^^' 83.', ^') (i)> "3\ 4o,8bl -^3:'. ^ ^^ 1 .53^ '9-53' 83i 30.48 113^4' 4,^ 24' 8. )4 54 I9.JI 84 30.24 n.i |t.04 2» 8.76 .-4 ' 0.71 1 84 30. (/> 114 ! ]i."i 34.'. 8.8j ,S4A «o.''2 f*4A 30.4 a 114.^:41.33 24-i 8-94 S\!, 19.89 1 34,', 30.84 iri4i, 4'.7'f a.s" 9.i 9-54 56.', 20.14 8f>,\ 3' '4 tl6.V4r.94 26.i 9.671 5.0.^20.63, 'M ::"'.57 a/ q.72 57 ao, qa H7' 3'- 32 1-7 ||2 12 27 9.8^ 57 :20.e0 «7" .■^'■■'5 ^''. 1 aji 9.90 57J m 70 «/i S'-Sf' •«7.' {^-30 27i 1 n. 04 57-i 20.9c, 8;.i!3 A "7^ t a(! 10 08 5;; jto.88 88 -^i.'.8 1 18 142.48 a8 1 0. a'4 58 -21.17 f^ 33.12 118 1,1 vl, 74 aP4 10. 2f' i,d.J a (.06 88.i 31.86 iiR.j 42.66 28.i 10.40 58V21.35 38^ 31^.30 ii?li^.r, 'I a-) 10.44 , "'^*>,i 71.341, 8q 3-' "4 "9" )3.8,l ?i) io.<-8 SO, 21. 53 80 W.48 119 4 1. J r *'J 10. da 5^!^'-4^ 89i,-;3aa!, 1 1(1,^. U."2| «<;' /7l: SQ.i 21.73 •' , ,1.67 iio.Vi,"- V 3° to. 80 ro |ai,6o 1 90 ' i3^-t«jl I2o"l ^^^•^i?' f ^^5 11 Oo'i at.r)o\ 9 ' •J.85I IM •i-".™ E CANADIAN CONTRACTOR'S HAND-BOOk ^7 HOUR. Hrs, 9oi 91 9^2 Ain't. AT 37 CENTS PER HOUR. Hrs. Ain't. 33- 'JS 33 -'1 33-10 92 33-^ 922 33- 7 ■ 93 33 'y4 93i|34-i3 94 34 1 95" 952 96 96^ 97 972 98 98I 9y 99-!; 00 ooA 01 01. 1 02 34 I y 34- "7 34.86 35- "4 35- '^2 35- .)o 35- 59 35- 77 33- '6 3'-'-"3 3'-'-.!2 y> ;o 3<..„J 30. 86 37-05 37 2J 02^137 4J 03 137-w o3i37-7« 04 |37-'»" 04.^138.,, I 05 f3^-32 05^38,31 o() 38 1 14 06^388; 07 3*) ,.'.o 3''7y 08A ex/ 09 J 10 loi 3"- 97 .JO 15 41'- 33 II ^o.^l 1 I .J 4u. ■;<.) I a'; 40. 88 t2i'4t..iS 13 ;4l..*| '3^4' )3 14 Ml 14*. 41 •5i I..'. '>i «7. 18 .9;4,'. ■JO 1 4,1 80 «; 5 5 b 6.', 7 74 10 II 12 I3i 14 14^ '5 >5i 16 i6i •7 '7i 18 18.1 iq" If. I 20 20', .'I 2,i 22 22^. 23 23i '-24 ■=4i -6 -• i 28 2') I'l 0.74 0.92 I. IT 1.29 1.48 i.6t) 1.85 2.03 2.22 2.40 2-59 2.77 2.96 3-14 3-33 3-51 370 3.88 4.07 4-25 4-44 4.62 4.81 4.99 5.18 5-36 5-55 5-73 5-92 6.10 6.29 6.47 6.66 6.84 7.03 7.21 7.40 7.5S 7-77 7-95 8.14 8.3a H.U 8.09 8.88 9.06 9-25 943 9.62 9.80 999 10.17 10.36 10.54 '0-73 1091 li.io Hrs. Ain't. 1 Hrs. Ain't- Hrs.iAmt. on' IT. 28 60.1 22.38 904 33-48 31 ir.47 61" 22.57 91 33-('7 31^ 11.65 61. \ 22.75 914 33.85 32 11.84 62' 22.94 92 34-04 32^ 12.02 62', 23.12 924 34.22 33 12.21 63" 23-31 93 34.41 332 12.39 ^3\ 23-49 932 34.59 •^'^. 12.58 'H 23.68 94 34-78 34i 12.76 64i 23.86 94- 3496 35, 12.95 65 24.05 95 35.15 354 13-13 65A 24-23 954 35-33 35, «3-32 66 24.42 96 35.52 ■M 13- 50 66,'> 24.00 964 35-70 37^ 13. 69 67" 24.79 97 35-89 37'.. 13-87 67;. 24.97 974 36,07 38 14.06 68 25. 16 98 36.26 38A 14.24 68 i 25.34 984 36.44 39 M-43 69 25.53 99 36.63 392 [4.61 69 1, 25.71 994 36.81 40 14.80 70 25.90 100 37.00 4oi 14.98 7oh 26.08 100^ 37- 18 ^', 15-17 7t 26.27 lot 37-37 4ii 15-35 7^\ 26.45 lOli 37.55 37.74 42 IS- .54 72 26.64 102" 42i 15-72 72!. 26.82 I02\ 37.92 '^^i 15.91 73 27.01 103 38.11 432 16.09 73\ 27.19 1034 38.29 44, 16.28 74 27.38 TO4 38.48 44 i 16.46 74^. 27.5^' I04.\ 38.66 4^ 16.65 75 27.75 toe'' 38.85 45' 16.83 75'^ 27.93 loS' 39.03 46 17.02 76 28.12 106 39. 22 46-:; 17.20 76.\ 28.30 io6.l> 39 40 47, ^7-39 77 ^ 28.49 107 39-59 47i 17-57 77h 28.67 1074 39-77 48 17.76 78 28.8b 108 39.96 48^' 17.94 78.1, 29.04 io8.\ 40.14 49, 18.13 79, 29.23 109 40-33 495 18. -^^i 794 29.41 1094 40.51 5°, 18.50 80 29.60 no 40. 70 5oi 18.68 8o^ 29.78 iioi'40.88 S' 18.87 81" 29.97 III 41.07 b'i 19.05 8ii 30.15 iTt4 41.25 ^^. 19.24 82 30.34 112 41.44 52- 19.42 82i 30-52 I 12.1 41.62 53, 19.61 ^3, 30.71 113' 41.81 53i 19.79 83i 30.89 i'34 41.90 54, 19.98 84 31.08 114 42.18 54 i io.i6 84i 31.26 114', 42.36 55,|ao.35 85 31-45 "5 '4.2.55 55jao.53 85'.. 3' ."3 115442.73 56 J20.72 86 31.82 ti6 142.92 56 i ao.90 8b .Jj 3 J. 00 ii6.\ 43. 10 57 ai.og ^7, 33. 19 117" 43.29 57i:at.27 87i 32.37 1174 43-47 58 !a 1.40 88 3 ^56 118 43 ''6 58^31.64 88^ 32- 74 "8^43.84 .'.9. •'1-83 59^!aa.oi 89 32.93 119 4403 89'. 33- « » 119,^ 44.21 60 33. ao' 90 33-30 l3o" 44.40! t. His. AT Z l% CENT S PER HOUR. Hr.s. Am t. iiHrs. Am t. 3 32 4 44 5 54 6 64 7 /2 8 84 9 94 o 0,1 I 14 2 24 3 34 4 44 5 54 6 64 7 74 8 84 9 '4 20 2oi 21 214 22 22^ 23 234 24 2a.', 254 26 264 27 2/4 28 k8,J 2(J 2<)4 30 0.75 0.94 I. 12 1-31 1.50 1.69 1.87 2.06 2.25 2-44 3.62 2,81 3.00 3.19 3.37 3.56 3-75 3-94 4.12 4 31 4-50 4-6q 4.87 5.06 5-25 5-44 5.62 5.81 6.00 6. 19 6.37 6. 56 6-75 6.{U - 12 7-31 7 50 7-69 7.87 8.06 8.25 8.44 8.6a 8.81 9.00 9.10 9-37 9.56 9-75 9-94 1 10.12 I 10.31 ! 10,50 io.6q 10.87 11.06 11.35 304 31 31 32 324 33 332 34 344 354 36 364 37 374 38 384 39 394 40 404 41 41A 42" 424 43 434 44 444 45 454 46 464 47 474 48 484 49 404 50 504 51 514 52 524 53 53'. 54 5-;' 55 11.44 11.62 II. 81 12.00 12.19 12.37 12.56 12.75 12.94 13.12 13.31 13- 50 13.69 13-87 14.06 14-25 14.44 14.62 14.81 15.00 15,10 15-37 15.56 15-75 15.94 16.12 16.31 16.50 16.6Q 16.8/ 17.06 1725 17,44 1 7. 62 17,81 18,00 18. ig 8.37 18.56 18-75, 18.Q4 [9.12 1931 19.50 19.69 19.87 0.06 JO. 25 ■0.4 I JO. 62 5s.va0.SI 56 .564 57 t.7.'. 58" 584 59 .594 00 21.OC1 21.19 21.37 21.56 a 1. 75 a 1. 94 22.12 22.31 33. 50 60.^, 6r 6ii 62" 62i 63" 634 64 644 65 654 66 66.i 67 67^. 68" [Amt. 22.69 22.87 23.06 23-25 23.44 23,62 23.81 24.00 24.19 24.37 24.56 24-75 24.94 25.12 25.31 25-50 iHrs. 68. |, 25.69 69 69I 70 704 71 7'! 73 734 74 744 75 754 76 76.'* 77 77\ 78 784 79 7C).'» 80" 80.J, 81* 25.87 26.06 26.25 26.44 26.62 71. M 26. 8 1 72 1 27. 00 27.19 27.37 27. 56 27.75 27.94 28.12 28.31 28.50 28,09 28,87 29,06 -'9. 25 29.44 29.62 2Q. 8 1 ;.jO, 00 30.19 [30.37 81,', 30.50 82 82,', 83" 834 84 844 «5 «5:. 80 8'.', 87" 874 88 30-75 30. 9 1 (.12 31 .•) 31 31 31.01) 31-87 32.(>'> 3--- 25 32. ,1 32.6a 33,81 33.00 884133-19 89 133-37 894 33- .5'' 90 i33-75 90 91 912 92 92.'> 93' 934 94 944 95 954 96 964 97 974 98 984 99 994 100 lOO^ lOI lOli 102 102.', 103" 1034 104 104.', 105" i05.\ 106 io6,i 107 107A T08 108^ 109 io<)A 1 10 no.', in" ni,\ 112 112 113 1132 114 ii4\ 115 1154 tl6 1164 117 117,', 118" 1184 119 noA lao Am't. 53-94 34.12 .34.31 34.50 34.69 34.87 35.06 35.25 35-44 35.62 35-81 36.00 36.19 36.37 36.50 6.75 36- 94 37.12 37.31 37- 50 37.69 37.87 38.06 38.25 38.44 ]8.62 38.81 39.00 39. 19 •^9- .37 39-56 3975 39-94 jo. 12 40.31 40 50 40. O9 40.87 41.0O 41 25 41.44 J 1.02 41.81 42.00 42.19 4-^-.37 42. 50 42.75 42.04 43- '2 43.3 s 43.50 43.04 4387 44.06 44-25 44- 44 44.6a 44-Kl 45.00 88 CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. AT 38 CENTS PER HOUR. Hrs. Am't. Hrs. Am't. Urs. Am't a 3 qi o2 4 4h 5 5^ 6 6.', 7 7h 8 8^ 9 9-[. o I 2 2^ 3 3i 4 4^ r \ I :6" 6.1. 7"^ 7i 8 8A 9 9J 30 20J^ 2T 21 i 22i =3 23 i 24 24i 25 2-;.^ 26 26.i 27 a7i 28 29 aq^ 1 1 31 0.76 0-95 r.14 1-33 1.52 r.71 r.90 2.09 2.23 2.47 2.66 2.85 304 3-23 3-42 I 3.'^ 3.80 3-90 4.18 4-37 4.56 4.75 4-94 5-13 5-32 5-51 v70 o-«9 6.08 6.27 6.46 6.6s 6.8i 7.03 7.22 7.41 7.60 7.79 7.98 8.17 8.36 8.55 8.74 8-93 9.12 9-31 9-.'^o 9.69 9.R8 10 07 10.26 10.4s 10.6} 10.83 tl.02 tl.40 30^ 31 31^ 32 32^ 33 11-59 11.78 ri.97 12.16 12.35 12.54 33' '--73 34 34^ 35 35^. 36 36^ 37 37^ 38 38.J 39 39^ 40 40^ 41' 4Ti 42 42^ 43 43i 44 44i 45 45i 46 46^ 47 47^\ 48 4H 49 49i 50 Soi 51 St.i 52 5a.\ 53^ 54 54.i 55 55i 56 56i 57 57i 58 58A 59 ,59i 60 12.92 13.11 ^3 30 13-49 13.68 13.87 14.06 M-25 14.44 14.63 r4.c2 15.01 15.20 T5-39 15-58 15-77 15.96 16.15 16.34 16.53 16.72 16.91 17.10 17.29 17.48 i7.'V 17.86 18.05 18.24 18.43 18.62 18.81 19.00 19.19 19.38 in. 57 19.76 19-95 20.14 20.33 20.52 20.71 ao.90 2T.09 21. 38 21.47 21.66 21.85 22.04 aa.23 32.42 32. 61 a a. 80 6oi 61 614 62 62,1 63" 63A 64 64^ 65 654 66 66^ 67 67', 68" 68i 69- 69^ 70 7oh 71" 7^h 72 72i 73 73^ 74 75h 76 7(>h 77 77\ 7« 78^ 7<) 79 i 80 %o\ 81' 8ii 82 82.\ 83i 84 84 A 85" 86 86i «7 87I 88 88^ 8q 89.\ 90 22.99 23.18 23-37 23. 5^ 23.75 23-94 24.13 24.32 24.51 24. 70 24. 89 2iv08 Hrs. Am't 25.27 25.46 25-<\S 5- 84 26.03 26. 22 26.41 26.60 26.79 26.98 27.17 27.36 27-55 27.74 27-93 28.12 744128.31 75 128.50 ' 28.69 28.88 29.07 29.26 29.45 29. 64 29.83 30.02 30.21 30.40 30-59 30. 78 30.97 31 i^ 3' -35 3'.54 3 '-73 31.92 32. 1 1 32.30 32.49 32.68 32.87 33-06 33-25 33-44 33- \5 .33.8a 34.01 34.20 9oi 34-39 91 9ii 92 925 93 34-58 34.77 34-96 35.15 35.34 AT 38K CENTS PERJIO Hr.s. Ain't 934i3S.53 94 135-72 94-2 35.91 36.10 36.29 36.48 36.67 36.86 37.05 37-24 37-43 S7.62 37- 8 r 38.00 38.19 38.38 oi\ 38.57 02 38.76 38-95 39.14 39- 33 39-52 30./' 39- 9<-^ 40.0 ( 40.28 40.47 |0.')') 07.^!40.85 95 954 96 964 97 974 98 984 99 994 00 004 01 024 03" 034 04 04^ 05 054 06 06 V 07" 08 oS'i 09" 41.04 4«-23 41.42 oq.^ 41. 1.92 2.12 2.31 2.50 2.69 2.89 3.08 3-27 3-46 3.66 3.85 104 4.04 11 4-23 1 1. 1, 4-43 12 4.62 V2\ 4.81 13 5.00 134 5.20 M 5-3'^ 144 ^■l^ '5 S-77 '5.^ 5-07 16 6. 16 16.^ 6.35 T7 6.54 ^7\ 6.74 18 6-93 184 7.12 19 7.31 194 7-5' 20 7.70 ao.'. 7.8., 21 8.08 214 8.a8 22 8-47 22.\ 8.66 23 8.85 ^3-^ 9.05 24 9.24 24.\ 9-43 25 9.6a 25.', 9.82 26 10.01 26.i 10.20 27 10.39 274 10.59 a8 10.78 a84 10.97 39 It. 16 a9i IT. 36 30 "•55 Hrs. Am't. 304 31 3'i 32 3-^ 33 33-. 34 344 35 35.^ 36 36! 37 374 38 384 39 392 40 40.1, 41 414 42 42i 43 43i 44 44 i 45 45^ 46 46^: 47 474 48 48,1. 49^ 50 5oi %i 53 53i 54 5-ti 55 5=;i ■,0 11.74 11-93 12.13 12.32 12.5T 12.70 12.90 13.C9 13.28 13.47 13.67 13.86 14.05 14.24 14.44 14-63 14.82 15.01 15.21 15. 'T 15-59 15.78 15.98 16.17 16.36 16.55 16.75 16.94 '7-13 17.32 '7-52 17.71 '7.90 18.09 18.29 18.48 18.67 18.86 19.06 19-25 19.44 19.63 19.83 20.02 20. 2 1 20.40 20.60 20. /i) ao.98 ai.17 21.37 21.56 56^21.75 57 i2'.94 57 1, 22.14 58* 58i 5'' .59i Hrs.lAin't. 60; 6i' 6ii 62" 624 63 634 64 6.J4 65 65-^ 66 66^ 67" (ill 68 68.! 69" 69 .\ 70 ''04 71' 1 72 724 73 "^ 73.; 74 74.i 75 75 76 76.^ 77 77-1 78 78^ 79 79'. 80" 8o.\ 81" HiA 82" 824 83 83i 84 84.1, 85" 85-i 86 864 87 874 8b 884 89 894 90 23.29 23.48 23.68 23.87 24.06 24.25 24.45 24.64 24.83 25.02 25.22 25 41 25.60 25.79 25- 99 ■26.18 26.37 26.56 26.76 26.95 27.14 27-33 27.53 27.72 27.91 28.10 28.30 28.49 28.68 28.87 29.07 29.26 29-45 29.64 29. 84 30.03 30.22 30.41 30.61 30.80 30.99 31.18 31.38 31.57 31.76 31.9s 32.15 32.34 32.53 32. 72 32. w2 33" 33.30 33-49 33-69 33.88 34 -t? 34.26 34.46 34-65 R. Hi. . Am't, 904 34-84 91 914 92 924 934 94 94 2 95 054 96 964 97 974 98 984 99 99:^ 100 ioo4 101 lOI 102 1024 103 '03.J 104 1044 105^ 35-03 35-23 35-42 35- 6 1 35.S0 36.00 36.19 36.38 36.57 36.77 36.96 37-15 37- ;h 37-54 37- 7,^ 37- 'J2 38.11 38.31 38. 50 38. "y 38,88 39. oG 39 27 3'). 46 39-65 39.85 40.04 40.23 40.42 ios4 40.02 106 Uo. 8t 1064 41.00 107 41.19 '07.\4'.39 108 I41.58 To84 T09 1 09 .J no .11 4f.77 41.90 42.16 42.35 110V42.54 III [42.73 111442.93 11a J43. 12 ' 124 43.31 "3 [43. 50 I '3.J 4.^.70 114 43.89 \\^\ 44.08 "5 144 27 "5^44-J7 116 "64 "7 "74 118 "84 4 "9 44.66 4.^85 45.04 45.24 4^-4.^ 03 4\8i n9|>4('.oi tao 146.20 l» mif$-iim- CANAtHAN contractor's HAND-BOOK 89 E[0 R. Hi. . Am't, 90134.84 91 35-03 92 92 i 93 934 94 942 95 Q5^ 96 96I 97 97i 98 98J, 99 992 100 100^ lOI IOl{, 102 102^ 103 I03-J 104 104.'* 105 35-23 35-42 35- f' I 3S-8o 36. dO 36.19 36.38 36.57 3^^-77 36.96 37-15 37- 34 37.54 37-73 37-92 38. r I 38.31 38.50 38.09 38.88 39, oG 3927 39.46 39- "5 39- «5 40. (n 40.1^3 40.4-; T05i4o. 106 40.81 I06J 41.00 107 41.19 41-39 41.58 41.77 41.90 42.16 42.35 42.54 42.73 107 h 108 toSi 109 109.^ no tio^ III" 1 1 It^' 42,93 112 J43. 12 112^43.31 113 J43-50 i'3-j't3-7o 114 43.89 I Hi 44-08 4427 44-47 44.66 4485 45.04 45-24 4-4.'^ 4vOS . |4.^8i Ii9|;4(>.ni I '5 115,^ 116 116.J 117 Ti7i iiB 119 AT Hr.s. Am't. 3^ 4 4.^ 5'. 6 6-i 7 7A 8 9 9l 10 10 II Hi 12 12,\ 13' 14 15 X5i 16 17'' '7-i It! lU I0,\ 2ii , 21 21.1 .'J .:2\ ■3 23^ 24 24 -i 25i 26 0.78 0.97 i.t7 1.36 1.56 ^■75 1-95 2.14 2-34 2-53 2-73 2.92 3.12 3-31 3-5f 3-70 3-90 4.09 4-29 4,48 4.68 4.87 5-07 5.261 S.46' 5-^>5 5-85 6. 04 6.24 ^-43 ') 63 0.82 7,02 7.21 7.41 7.60 780 7-99 8.ig 8,33 8.58 8-77 8.07 9.16 9-3'^! 9-55; 9-75 i 9-')4i 10.141 26 ,\ TO. 33 I 27" 10.53 ^7^' 10.72 '"'■ 10.9a aHJjUi.u '') 11,31 »<>i II-50 «o 11.70 89 CENTS PER HOUR. His 3oh 31 3ii 32I 33 33-j 343 35 35-i 36, 36^ 37 37h 38, 38^ 39 39 :i 40 4oi 41 4tA 42 42 h 43S 44^ 1^' 4.5-3 46 46 "1 47 i 48 48 J 49i 5oi 5» Am't. 11.89 12.09 12,28 12.48 12.67 12.87 13.06 13.26 13-45 13-65 13.84 14.04 1. 1.23 14-43 14.62 14.82 15.01 15.21 15.40 15.60 '5-79 1599 16.18 16.38 16.57 16.77 16.96 17.16 '7-35 17-55 17-74 17.94 18.13 18.33 18.52 18.72 18.91 19.11 19.30 19.50 r>6o tM.89 51.M20.08 qa '20.28 53 ao. 47 20. (7 53 i{ 20. 86 54 jat.o6 54iai-a5 55,|at-45 55J 21.64 21.84 22.03 23.23 56.i -57 . S7i;2a.42 58 1 22. 02 58 -V 22. 8 1 59 I33.01 .Syaiaj.ao 6o_|a^.AD Hrs. 6o.^ 6r 61.', 62' 62', 63^ 63A 64 64^ 65 »5i 66 66 .^ 67" 67i 68 68' 5 AT 39 M CENTS PER HOUR. Hrs. I Am't. His. lAnit. }Iis. lAni't. Hrs. Am't 00^ 01"^ oii 02 02 \ 03" 03i 04 04;^ 05 05 > 06 06 .^ 07" 07.^ oO 08 i 09 fx>i'42.70 o 142.90 ''h 43.09 til43-48 a !43^'8 aV43-87 3 ;44 07 3.544.26 4 44- 46 4\|44-65 5 44-85 5^145.04 6 45.24 6^^45-43 7 145-63 7J4583 8 .jb.oa 8.\ .0.21 9" 46.41 9h 4'».6o ao 46.80 3i 4 4h 5 5^. 6 6.^ 7 7h 8 82 9" 9i 10 loA II 111 12 I2J 13" 13-^ 14 Hh 15 152 16 i6i 17 i7i 18 i8i IQ i9il 20 20 V 21 21^! 22 2 23 234 9.28 24 ! 9.48 0.79 0.99 1. 18 t.38 1.58 1.78 1.97 2.17 2-37 2.57 2.76 2.96 3.16 3-36 3.55 3-75 3-95 4-15 4-34 4-54 4-74 4-94 5-13 5-33 5-53 .5-73 5- 92 6. 12 6.32 6.52 6.71 6. 9 1 7. II 7.31 750 7.70 7.9D 8.10 8.2) 849 8.09 8.3q 9.08 3oi 31 31^ 32 32 33 33: 34 34^ 35 3Sh 36 36i 37 37h 38 38A 39 39h 40 4oi 41 41A 42 42.^, 43 43 i 44 44^ 45 45 A 46 46i 47 47 -i 48 48-\ 49 49i SO .50^ 51 51A 52 12.05 12.24 12.44 12.64 12.84 13.03 13.23 13-43 13.63 13.82 14.02 14.22 14.42 14.61 14.81 15.01 15.21 15.40 15.60 15.80 16.00 16. 19 16.39 16.59 16.79 16.98 17.18 17.38 175^ 17-77 17.97 18.17 18.37 18.56 18.76 18.96 19. 16 1935 '9. .55 19.75 19-95 20. 14 20.34 20.54 52.1 v?o.74 53 20.93 S3V2f.i3 54 54i 55 ssh 56 21.33 21.53 a 1.72 21.92 22.13 56 A 22.32 57" 22.51 57.^ 22.71 58 22.91 58A 59- 59i 60 23. 1 1 23-30 33-5" 23.70 60A 61" 61A 62"" 23.90 24.09 24.29 24.49 62^124.69 88 08 63 , 63A! 64 cnh 65" 65 *. 66 66.', 67" 67.^ 68^ 68,'. 69" 69i 70 7oi 7^ 74 72 72 ,\ 73 73-2 74 74^ 75 75i 76 76.', 77' 77\ 78 78.5 79 79^* 80 80,', sr 81,! 82' 82, \ 83" 83^. 84 84* ■■^5 85.'. 86 86.^ 87" 87A 88 88,V 89 35- » 5 89^3.5-35 90 !35'55 25-48 25.67 25-87 26.07 26.27 26.46 26.66 26. 86 27.06 27.25 27.45 27.05 27.85 28.04 28.24 28.44 28.64 28.83 29.03 29. 23 29-43 29.62 29.82 30.02 30. 22 30.41 p. 61 30.81 31.01 31.20 31.40 31.60 31.80 32.99 32.19 32-39 32.59 32.78 32.98 33.18 3338 33-57 33-77 33-97 34.17 34- 36 34.56 34-76 34.96 90^ 91 9ii 92 92.1 93" 93' 94 942 95 95i 96 96 i 97 97\ 98 98I 99 99i 00 00^ 01 01^ 02 03 032 04 04.', 05 O5A 06" 06A 07" 07.1, 08" 08^ 09 09.2 10 XO\ II 12 12,^ 13 14 35-75 35-94 36. 14 36.34 36.54 36.73 36.93 37-13 '^7-33 37.52 37-72 37-92 38.1a 38.3' 38.51 38.71 38.91 39.10 %-.30 39-50 3970 39-99 40.09 40.29 .JO. 49 40.68 40.88 41.08 41.28 41.47 41.67 41.87 42.07 42.26 42.46 42.66 42.86 43.05 43.25 43.45 43- "5 43-84 44.04 44.24 44-44 4463 44-83 45.03 \x\ 43.23 15 15^ 16 45.42 45.f'2 45.82 16^ 40,02 17 46.21 i.7\ 46.4' 18 4(1. (> I 18^46 81 19 47 00 luA 47.20 20 ;47.?J0 * •fximimi^mimtft':- -^ go CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. AT 40 CENTS PER HOUR. Hrs. Am'f.i Hrs. Ain't. Hrs. lAni't. His. Am't 2'i k 4 ! 4A 5 I 8o oo 20 40 00 80 00 8h ih I6h 18.1 20 20 .^ 21 22 22.' 23 24 2S.i 26 26i 27 27.5 2M ;^^ 2.20 2.40 2.60 2.80 3.00 3.20 3-40 3.(10 3.80 4.00 4.20 4.40 4.60 4.80 5.00 5.20 5- 40 5.60 5. 80 6.00 6.-0 6.40 6. 60 6.80 7.00 7.20 7.40 7. ho 7.80 8.00 8.20 8.40 8.60 8.80 9.00 9.20 9.40 9.60 19.80 10 GO 10.20 to. 40 10.60 10.80 II.OO IT. 20 28^ 11.40 aq 1 1 . 'lo 29^ 11.80 30"! 12.00 30 31 3^^ 32 32^ 33 332 34 344 35 35^ 36 36A 37 37-j 38 38^ 39 392 40 40. 'i 41 4Ti 42 421 43 43^ 44 44^ 45 45/. 46 46^ 47 47^ 48 49 49^ 50 ';o.\ 12.20 12.40 12.60 12.80 13.00 13 20 13.40 13.60 13.80 14.00 51 5t; 52 52A 53 [4. 14.20 14.40 14.60 14.80 15.00 15.20 15.40 15.60 15.80 16.00 16.20 16.40 16.60 16.80 17.00 17.20 17.40 17.60 17.80 18.00 18.20 18.40 18.60 18.80 19.00 19.20 19.40 19.60 19.80 20.00 20.20 20.40 20.60 20.80 1 ar.uo 21.20 53' 54 54 55 55i 5'i 564 57 S7h 21.40 j 2 1 . Oo .!. '21.80 122.00 |22.20 22,, JO 22.60 22.80 23.00 58"! 23. 20 23.40 23.00 58A 59 .S9-i 60 6o.\ 61" 61I 62" 62 1 63" 63^ 64 64I 65 65i 66 66.1 67- 67h 68 68.'. 69" 69' 70' 7 oh 24.20 24.40 24.60 24 80 25.00 25.20 25-40 25.60 25. 80 26.00 26.20 26. 40 26.60 26, 80 27.00 27.20 27.40 27.60 ..80 23.00 28.20 28. 40 7M 72 23.60 28.80 72/, 29.00 73 73h 74 29. 20 29.40 29.60 23. 80 24.00 1 74i 2; 80 7E; (30.00 75 i 30.20 76 30.40 30, Oo 30. 80 ] r . 00 31. 2( 31.40 31.60 31.80 32,00 32.20 32.40 32,60 32. 8c 33- oc 33- 20 33-40 33. 60 3.3-80 34.00 34.20 34^ 40 34-60 34.80 35.00 35- 20 35.40 ■!=;.6o 35- Ho jO.oo 77 77l 78 78,1 70 79 1 80 80.1 81' 8 1.' 82' 82,1 83' 83.5 84 84.i «5 8 s. I 86" 86.^ H7' 87h 88" 88i 89 90 90 J, 1 36. 20 9i"|36.4o 91 V 36. 60 92 136.80 .00 37,20 37-40 37.60 37.80 92^13 Hns. 93 932 94 94^ 95 954 95 964 97 38.00 38.20 38.40 38.60 33.80 97 2 39- 00 98 139.20 982I3940 99 99' roo 89.60 39.80 40.00 40.20 [ui 140.40 IofA'40.60 [02 40.80 02,V4r.oo C03 fo32 104 io4h ro54 106 106: ro7 ^7h 108 [08A 109" lOQ; 41.: 41.40 41.60 41.80 42.00 42.20 42,40 42.60 42.80 43.00 43.20 43-40 43 60 43 8^ ro 44.00 o^ 44.20 :i~j44.4'-' : 1444.60 44.80 4'4S- 00 13 45.20 32 45-40 14 J45.60 f 4. i 45-80 15 40.00 15^^ 46,20 i6''[46.4o t6,\'46.6o 1 7" 146. 80 7-V47f'0 18 147.20 18.^47-40 19 J47.60 to,y47-8o ISO 148.00 24 3* 4 44 5 54 6 6.V 74 94 [2.\ ^5 '54 :6 t64 f7 t7i [8 '9A 20 20^ 2l" 2«i 22 22^ 23" ■-3h 24 244 25 25A 26 264 27" 27. \ 28" 28, >> 29' 29i 30" AT 40M CENTS PER HOUR. Am't.r 0,81 1. 01 ! 1. 21 1.42 1.62 1.82 2.02 2.23 2-43 2.63 2.83 3-04 3.24 3-44 3- 64 3-85 4-05 4 25 4-45 4.66 4.86 5.06 5.26 5-47 5-&7 5-87 6.07 6.28 6.48 6.68 6.88 7.09 7.29 7-49 7.69 7.90 8. JO 8.30 8.qo 8.7: 8.91 9.ir 9.31 952 9.72 9.92 ro. 12 '0.33 •53 10.73 10.93 ;i. I. 1-34 1-54 •74 1.95 Hrs. 304 31 314 32 32 :j 33 332 34 34h 35 35^ 36 364 37 374 38 384 39 394 40 Am't. 12.35 12-55 12.76 12.96 13.16 ^3-3^ 13-57 ^3-77 13-97 14.17 14.38 14-58 14-78 14.98 15-19 15-39 15.59 1579 16,00 6.20 Hrs. Am't. 40^16.40 41 ii6.6o 4i4'i6.8i 42 424 43 43A 44 442 45 454 46 46.^ 47h 48 48^ ■Vi 49i SO .504 51 514 52 52] 53 534 54 54i 55 55i 50.' 5 1 574 58 584 59 S9i 60 17.01 17.21 17.41 17.62 82 18.02 18.22 43 17 18.63 18.83 19.03 19,24 19.44 19.64 19.84 20.05 20.25 20.45 20.0s 20.% 21.06 21.26 21.46 21.67 21.87 22.07 22.27 22.48 22.68 22.88 23.08 23.29 2349 23.69 23.89 24.10 24.30 6o4'24.5o 61 [24.70 614124.91 62 25.11 62425.31 63 25 51 634 25.72 64 644 65 65^ 25.92 26.12 26. 26. -32 53 66 [26.73 664 26.93 27.13 27-34 27.54 27,74 27.94 67 67I 68" 684 69 694 70 703 71 714 72 722 73 73 i 74 74 75 754 76 76^ 77 28,15 28.35 28.55 75 .96 28. 77 1 78 78^ 79 79:' 80 80.1 8r" Hi}. 82' 82.'> 83" 834 84 84,\ 85" 8si 86 861 87 87^ 88 88.' 89' 89^ 90 29.16 29.36 29.56 29.77 29.97 30.17 30.37 30.58 .78 3 no u \-/> III 44,95 111445.16 112 45.36 "2i 15.56 "3 45-76 ii3-i 45-97 "4" 4"- 17 "4i l^''37 115 i.iO.57 115^ 116 61 II 11: 117.'. 118" II 40. 98 17- '8 47-3« 47-59 47-79 8.il47-99 119 48-19 III),' 120 I 4^ 5 5^ 6 6| 7 II 30 -7 i 148.40 48.60 :ei,mmi0:- IP" •"''BWW'":''! 'i^yf-'' m jiliMiiiiiiif HOUR. Hrs. Ain't. 36.65 36.85 37.06 37.26 37.46 37.06 37.87 38.07 38.27 38.47 38.68 38.88 3908 39 28 39-49 39- ()9 39.89 4C).09 902 91 914 92 92 .^ 93h 94 94h 95 955 96 9H 97 972 98 98-^ 99 99 V 4". 30 ICK) 40.50 loo^Uo.jo loi [40.90 iciiUi.n 102 41.31 102^ 41.51 io3'':4i.7i 103^41-92 104 |42. 12 104^42.32 105 14^.52 io5A4-'.7j 106 4.3,93 106-^, 43.13 107" 4.:!' 33 iojl 43-54 108 4,74 108^ 43. 4 109 ji.M 109.'; 4l->,^ no -w.Vy IIO.\ I !., 111 .I4.i(.., 111^45.10 112 45.36 iia.i |v5'i 113 4 5' 70 113.^ I,v97 114" .i'>.i7 114' i^'37 115 i4'J.57 ii54,4"-,-!' lib 1 40 98 47.18 47.3« 117 ii7'>47.59 118 1.^7.79 ii8.y 47.99 no 48.19 iiyi!48.40 120 148.60 CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK 91 2', 4 4^ 5 Sh 6 7 9 9h IQ loA II '4 12 I2h 13 '3i f4 ■4^ 15 «5.i 16 I'..', '7 1 't ilvl 1) ..\ ■■'A 23 ^4 2^ AT 41 CENTS PER HOUR. Hrs. Am't. 0.82 1.02 1.23 1-43 1.64 1.84 2.05 2.21; 2.46 2.66 2.87 3-07 3.28 3.48 3-69 3-89 4-10 4-30 451 471 4-Q2 5.T2 5.33 5-53 5-74 5 94 6. IS 6-35 6.56 6.76 6. 07 7-^7 7.38 7.58 7.79 7-09 8flO y.40 8.r,i 8 8» y oa 9-22 9.84 10.04 10.25 ^v'i|io.45 ^'> ! 10.66 ^'■' Is '10. 86 •'7 j 1 1,07 !|u.a7 • ' l".48 ■'^}iii.08 ^M j 11.89 .30 ila.30 llrs. Am't. 30') 31 31^ 32 32-2 33, 333 34 345 35 35i 36 36^^ 37 37 h 38 38^. 39 392 40 40.T 41 4r.\ 42 42 i 432 44 44i 45 45-^ 4^, 46.'* 47i 48 48^ 40 m .50 5oi 5t 52 52 53, 53' 54 54 li 55^ 552 56i 57 57 i 58 58i: •^^li 12.50 12.71 12.91 13.12 13-32 13-53 ^3-73 13.94 14.14 14-35 14.76 14.96 15. 17 ^5-37 15.58 15-78 t599 16.19 16.40 16.60 16.81 17.01 17.22 17.42 17.63 17-83 18.04 18.24 18.45 18.65 18.86 19.06 19.27 19.47 1Q.68 19.88 20.09 ao. 29 20. 50 20. 70 ao.yt 21. n 21.32 21.52 ^'•73 21.93 22. 14 22 34 22.55 22.75 22. 96 23.16 23-37 '^357 23.73 23.98 24.19 59124.39 60 124,60 Hrs. Am't. 60.^ 61" 61I 62" 62', 63 63^ 64 64i 65.1, 66" 66i 67" 67^ 68 68.1 69' 69.^ 70 7oh 71 I 72 ! 72 V 73 73-^ 74 74 A 75 75^i 76 I 76.',! 77 77 h 78 78.i 7'.) 79J 8n Si. J 82 ^\ 83i 84, 84 i 85i 86 86.i 87 87i 88 88i 89 89I 90 24.80 25.01 25.21 25.42 25.62 25.83 26.03 26.24 26.44 26.65 26. 85 27. 06 27.26 27.47 27.67 27.88 28.08 28.29] 28.49 28.70 28.90 29.11 29.31 29.52 29.72 29.93 30.13 30. 34 30.54 30.75 30.95 ^f .16 3t.3<^^ 31 'S7 3^-77 31.98 32,18 32.39 32 59 32. Ho 33 "O 33-21 33.41 3 1 62 33.83 34-03 34' 23 34-44 3.»-''M 34 85 35-05 35' 26 35-40 35-67 3.5.87 36.08 36.28 36.49 3H.69 36.90 llrs. Am't. 90^ 91 i 92 92.\ 93 93^ 94 94^ 95 95A 96 9(>h 97 972 98 gU 99 99 2 00 00. V or oiA 02 02.', 03 37.10 37-31 37-51 37-72 37-92 38-13 38.33 38.54 38.74 .38.95 39.15 39. 36 39-56 39-77 39-97 40.18 40.38 40-59 40.79 41.00 41.20 41.41 41.61 ai.82 42.02 42-23 42- -K^ 42. ''-l 42.t^4 43-C'5 43-25 ,43.40 06 V 4 ^.00 07" ,'43-87 07.^54.^.07 44.28 4.I.4B 44"" ooo 44.89 10 I45. H) ioi'4S-.30 " '4.5- 5 1 45-71 45.92 4.6.12 4''- 33 4"- 53 46.74 46.94 47- '5 4735 AT 41^2 CENTS PER HOUR. 032 04 04 J, 05" 052 06 08 o.S.', 0() 12 12.\ T3 t3.i 14 14', 15 i5i 16 i6i T7 '7i lb i8i 19 47-56 47.7'^ 47.97 48.17 48.38 48.58 . 48.79 19^ 48.99 30 149.20 His. lAmt. 2 0.83 2.', 1.04 3, 1.24 3A 1-45 4 1.66 4-2 1.87 5 .".07 5i 2.28 6 2-49 bh 2.70 7 2.90 7h 3-" 8 3.32 H 3.53 9 3-73 9h 3.94 10 4-15 10,1, 4- .36 II 4.56 II*, 4.77 12 4.98 12^ 5.19 13 5.,W 13^ .5.60 14 5-8 1 H.^ 6.02 '5, 6.22 '5.:; 6. 43 16 6, ^4 i6.i 6. 85 '^^ 7.05 17^ 7.26 18 7.47 18A 7.68 1') 7,HH I9i 8.og 20 8.30 20. i 8.51 21 8.71 2I.\ 8.9a 22 9. '3 22.J! 9-34 23, 9,54 23i 9-75 24 9-96 24.^ 10.17 '^^. 10.37 25i 10.58 26 10.7) 26.", It. 00 Hrs. Am't. 27 27i 28 28.i 29 29 i 30 11.20 11.41 11.62 11.83 12.03 12.24 '2.45 3oi 31 or ! 32 32 -V 33 333 34 34i 35 35^ 36 36i 37 372 38 38i 39 12.66 12.86 13.07 13.28 13-49 13.69 13.90 14.11 14.32 M-52 14- 73 14.94 15-^5 15.3.' 15.56 15-77 15.98 16.18 lllr.s. jAm t. 392 1 16- 39 16.60 16.81 17.01 17.22 T7 43 17.64 17.84 18.05 18.26 18.47 18.67 18.88 19.09 19.30 19.50 19.71 19.92 20. 1 3 20. 3.) 20. s\ •20.75 50.^120.96 51 1 2 1. 16 40 4o[i 41" 4'i 42 42. \ 43 43^ 44 44 \ 45 45^2 46 46i 47 472 48 48,^ K 40^ 50 51 I' 52 52.!i 53 37 21.58 21.7) 21-99 53,M22.20 54 I22.41 54.^:22.62 55 J22.82 55^23.03 56 23.24 56 V 23. 4 5 57 123-65 57i 23 86 58 .24.07 24.28 24.48 584 5) 59 60 24.69 24.90 60.^25. II 6i"'|25-3r 61 Vr,^ 52 62 125.73 62i'25.94 63 1 26. 14 63 u' 26.35 64 1 26. 56 64.^, 26.77 65 65^ 66 66i 67" 671 68" 68.1 69" 69A 70" 701 71 71^ 72 72A 73" 73i 74 74i 75 75^ 76 76.', 77' 77\. 78 78A 79 79.'. 80" 80,'. 1 33 81" 81 26.97 27.18 27.39 27.60 27.80 28.01 28.22 28.43 28.63 28.84 29.05 29. 26 29.46 29. 67 29. &u 30.09 30.29 30.50 ,30.71 30. 92 31.12 31.33 31.54 31-75 31-95 32. 16 32.37 32.58 32.78 32-99 33- 20 4' 82 82.1 83" 83'. 133-^^1 .33.82 34.03 .34.24 34.44 34.65 34.86 "42135-07 85 1 35- 27 «5-i 35 48 86 35.69 86.1 35. ()0 87 [36. 10 87.V36.31 88 36.52 88,^36.73 89 36.93 89.^ 37. 14 9o"l'37.35 Hrs. I Am't. 91^. 92 92,', 93" 93' 04 94^ 95 952 96 96i 97 07A ^8 98.^ 992 100 100.', 101 TOT 7', 102 102.1, 103 103.', 104 104,', los" io5i T06 106.', (07" io7.'j 108 108.', 1 09 109.^ 1 10 I TO.', Ill 111^ 112 112'. 'I3' "3 9oi;37.56 91 37.76 37-97 38.18 38.39 38. .^9 38.80 39.01 ;«9.22 39-42 39.63 39.84 40. 05 40.25 40. 46 40.67 40. 88 41.08 41.29 41.50 41.71 41.91 42.12 42.33 42.54 42.74 42.95 43.16 43-37 43-57 43.78 43.99 44.20 44.40 44.6c 44-82 45-03 45-23 4544 45-65 45.86 46.06 40.27 140.48 '.;.[f).69 "J46.89 ''47.10 47.3^ 47-52 47-72 114 J '4! i'5 '1 5.2147.93 116 J48. 14 116.', 4 H. 35 117 148.55 II 7,', 148. 76 118" 148.97 118.^ .49.18 ii9"|49.38 iioi 49.59 120 J49.80 'm^"^-' 02 CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. ?: i' AT 42 CENTS PER HOUR. AT 42 J4 CENTS PER HOUR • Hrs. Am't. Hrs. 30 2 Arn't. Hrs. 60JL Am't. 25-41 Hrs. Am"t. Hrs. Am't. Hrs. 30^ Am't. 12.96 Hrs 60.J Am't. 25-71 Hrs 90-1, Ain't" T2.81 90 Jj 38.01 38.46 31' 13.02 61" 25.62 91 ^38.22 3^ ^3,-^7 61" 25.92 91*^ 38.67 31.^ 13.23 614 25-83 9i43-'^-43 31^ 13-39 6ii 26.14 914 38.89 2 0.84 32 T3-44 62 26.04 92 138.64 2 0,85 32 13.60 62" 26.35 92 39.10 2.'i i.os 32^ 13-65 62. \ 26. 25 924 I38.85 24 1.06 324 13.81 62. Jj 26,56 92 i 30.31 3 1.26 33 13.86 63" 26.46 93 39.06 3, 1.27 33, 14.02 63" 26.77 93 39.5a 3^ r.47 33^ 14.07 634 26.67 93J,:39.27 34 1.49 33.^ 14.24 63I 26.99 934 39-74 4 1.68 34 14.28 64 26. 88 94 139-48 4 1.70 34 H-45 64" 27.20 94 39.95 4^ 1.89 34i 14.49 644 27.09 94 1 39.69 44 1.91 344 14.66 64^ 27.41 944 40.16 5 2.10 35 14.70 65 27. 30 95 39-90 5, 2.12 35 14.87 65" 27,62 95 40.37 5* 2.31 35^. 14.91 654 27.51 95.1 40.11 54 2-34 354 15.09 65* 27.84 954 40.;ri 6 2.52 36 15.12 66 27.72 96 40.32 6 2-55 36^ 15-. 30 66" 28.05 96 40.80 6^ 2.73 sH ^5-33 66^ 27.93 964:40.53 64 2.76 364 15-S1 66i 28.26 964 41.01 7 2.94 37 15-54 ^7, 28.14 97 40.74 7, 2-97 37, 15-72 67" 28.47 97 41.22 7^ 3-15 37i 15-75 674 28.35 97440-95 74 3.19' 374 15-94 674 28.69 974 41.44 8 3-36 38 15.96 68 28.56 98 41.16 8 3-40 ' 3^ 16.15 68 28.90 98 41.65 82 3-57 38.^ 16.17 68J 28.77 984 41-37 84 3.61 384 16.36 68-:^ 29,11 984 41.86 9 3.78 39, 16.38 69- 28.98 99 41-58 9 3.82 39 16.57 69" 29.32 99 42.07 9i 3-99 392 i^'-59 1 692 29.19 99>j'4i.79 9^ 4.04 394,^6.79 694 29-54 992 42.29 10 4.20 40 16.80 70 29.40 100 42. qo 10 4.25 40 17.00 70 29-75 100 42,50 roh 4.41 40J, 17.01 704 29.61 '100V42.21 104 4.46 40.\ 17.21 704 29.96 ioo4 42.71 II 4.62 41 17.22 71 29.82 lOl" 42.42 II 4-67 41" 17.42 71 30. 17 loi 42.92 "A 4.83 414 17-43 714 30.03 jioxi 42.63 "4 4.89 41^ 17.64 7t4 30.39 ioi4'43-'4 12 5-04 42 17.64 72 30. 24 102 42.84 12 5,10 42 17-85 72 30.60 102 I43.35 12^ 5-25 422 17-85 724 30^45 ;I02^ 43^05 124 5^31 424 18.06 724 30.81 1022 43. 5O 13 5-46 43" 1 8. 06 73 30.66 103" 43.26 13 5^52 43, 18.27 73" 31.02 103" 43-77 i3i 5.67 432 18.27 734 30.87 103^ 43-47 134 5-74 434 18.49 734 31-24 103.U43.09 M 5.88 44 18.48 7-*, 31.08 104 43.68 M 5-95 : 44 18.70 74 31^45 104 '44..^o i4i 6.09 44^2 18.69 744 31.29 1044 43-89 144 6,16 44?! 18.91 74.1 31.66 104^44.41 IS, 6.30 45 18.90 75, 3i^50 105 44- lO 15 6.37 45 19.12 75 3T-87 105 '44.02 '5l 6.51 45i 19. II 754 31-71 1054 44-31 154 0.59 454 19-34 75.^ 32.09 105444-84 16 6.72 46 19.32 76 31.92 106 44.52 16 6.80 46 19-55 76 32.30 106 45.0: T6i 6.93 4H 19-53 764 32.13 106,'. 44-73 16I 7.01 464 19.76 76^ .32.51 1064 45.2(j 17 7.14 47 19.74 77 32.34 107" 44-94 17 7.22 47 19.97 77 32.72 107 45- 17 174 7-3S 47h 19-95 77\ 32-55 107.1, 45-15 ^7\ 7-44 474 20. 19 77\ 32.^4 1074 45- '^9 18 7.56 48 20.16 78 32.76 108" 45-3^ 18 7^65 48 20. .)0 78 33- 15 108 45-90 m 7-77 48.^ 20.37 78.^ 32.97 ,108^45.57 1 84 7.86 484 20 61 78^, .33-36 1084^ 46. 1 1 19 7.98 49, 20.58 79 33- 18 1 109 4.5-78 T9 8.07 49 20.82 79 33-57 109 46. p T9i 8.T9 49^ 20.79 794 33-39 109445.99 194 8.29 494 21.04 79.'. 33-79 109.J 46. 54 20 8.40 50 21.00 80 33-60 110 [46.20 20 8.50 50 21.25 80 34.00 no 46-75 20^ 8.61 5oi 21.21 804 33-81 iio4 46.41 20 \ 8.71 504 21.46 80I 34.21 1104 46. ip 21 8.82 51 21.42 81 34.02 III 146.62 21 8.93 SI 21.671 81" 34-42 111 47.17 2X4 9- 03 5ii 21.63 8ii 34-23 mi 46.83 21.V 9,14 514 21. 8q 81 J, 34-64 "i447-3? 22 9.24 52 21.84 82 34-44 112 47.04 22 9-35 52 22. 10 82^ .34-85 112 J47.6C 22J 9-45 52^ 22,05 82I 34-65 112.^47.25 22^ 9-56 S2i 22.31 82I, 35.06 ii2|'47.8i 23, 9.66 53 22.26 83" 34.86 "3 '47^46 23" 9-77 S3, 22.52 83^ 35-27 113 148.0:1 234 9.87 534 22.47 83^^ 35-07 "32 47-67 ■-■i\ 9- '79 534 22.74 83^ 35-49 113^48.24 24 10.08 54 22.68 84 35-28 114 i47.83 24 10.20 54 22.95 84 35-70 114 J48.45 2+i 10.29 54.^22.89 8-1 .^ 35^49 114^48.09 244 10.41 S4\ 23.16 844 35.91 114A 48.06 ^5, 10.50 55 23^ 10 85 35-70 "5 I48.30 25 10,62 55, 23^37 85 36. 1 2 "S" 48. 87 2.Si 10.71 554 ^3.3T 8c,li 35-91 "5448-51 25 ■^. 10.84 55A 23. 59 8S4 36.34 "54 4Q.09 26 10.92 56 123.52 86" 36.1a ti6 48.72 26 11.05 56 23.80 86 36 55 116 49. 30 26^ IT. 13 564 ^3^73 86i 36-33 116.1,48.93 26^ 11.26 564 24.01 864 36.76 "64 40.=,! 27 "•34 57 23.94 87" 36.54 "7 49-14 27" 11.47 57 24.22 87 36.97 "7 40.72 27i "•55 57i'}-i5 874 36^75 "7449-35 27, !; 11,69 57i 24.44 87A 37-19 117-^ 49.04 28 11.76 58 24.36 88 36.96 118 49-56 28- 11.90 58 24.65 88" 37.40 118 50.1.^ 28^ 11.97 584 '-M^57 88i 17 '■^7 "84 49-77 28.\ 12.11 584 24. 86 884 37 61 iiSi 50.36 29 12.18 59, 24.78 89" 37.33 119 4998 20 12.32 59 25.07 89 37.82 "9 50- S7 29J I a. 39 .59.^ 24.99 89.1 37-59 "94 50-19 29,'i 12.54 S94 25.39 894 38.04 "94 50.79 30 12.60 60 25.20 90 37.80 120 50,401 30 12.75 60 2550 90 38-25 1 tao 51.00 mmm HOUR. Hrs.iAart" 90i> 91" 92" 92h 93 93i 94 942 95 952 96 96'' 97" 974 98 98^ 99 99'j 100 1 00 J 38-46 38.67 38. H9 39- JO 30-31 39.52 39-74 39-95 40. 16 40.37 40. ;i, 40. 80 41.01 41.22 41.44 41.65 4i.8fi 42.0; 42.29 42.50 42.71 loi 42.92 ioi2'43.M 102 '43.35 102143.56 103 J43-77 iO3:^43-09 104 '44. JO I04^j44.4i 105 '44.02 105^144.84 ro6 '45.('' 106^45.20 45- 17 45- '-'9 45-90 107 i07i 108 108^ !46. ir T09 109A no r loj I II 40. 32 46.54 46. 75 46.90 }7'7 i"i47.3? 112 147.60 Ti2^'47.8i 113 148.0:1 Tr3;y48.24 114 J48..)5 r 14^ 48.()ti 115 "5i 116 ii6,i 117 117.^ 118" J19 • i9i i20 48.87 40.09 49.30 49.51 40.72 49. (J4 5015 50.36 5f'-^7 50-79 CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK 93 AT 43 CENTS PER HOUR. Urs. .\ni't. 2.'. 4 4i 5i 6 6h 7 7h 8 82 9" 9h 10 n "2 12 14 13 ^3h 14 i4i 15 ^5h 16 16.;, 17" 1 IB lyj; 10 , ,-, I ,1 /3! J J 21 22 22 0.86 1.07 1.29 1.50 1.72 1-93 2- IS 2.36 2.53 2-79 3.01 3.22 3.44 3-65 3.S7 4.08 430 4-51 4-73 4.94 5- 16 5-37 5-59 5.80 6.02 6.23 6-45 6.66 6.88 7.09 7.31 7.52 7.74 7-95 8.17 8.38 8.60 8.81 9-03 9.24 9.46 23^ 24 1 24^; ^5 i 25i 26 j 27 ! 27V 29i^ 30 Mrs. h 9-67 23 ; 9-89 10.10 1 •32 •53 •75 .96 ti.18 -39 1. 61 1.82 .04 12,25 •47 [2.68 .90 30 J 31 3ii 32 32 't 33^ 333 34 34^ 35, 352 36 36^ 37 37^ 38 38.^ 39 39-i 40 40.' 4^* 41 u 42 42.^ 44^ 45^ 46 46 47 47 48 48^, 49^ l\i 52. Ain't. ir T3 13.33 13-54 13.76 13.97 14. 19 14.40 14.62 14.83 15-05 15.26 15.48 15.69 15-9': 16.12 16.34 16.55 16.77 16.98 17.20 17.41 17.63 17.84 18.06 18.27 18.49 18.70 18.92 19-13 19.35 19.56 19.78 19.99 20.21 20.42 20.64 20.85 21.07 21.28 21.50 21.71 21-93 22.14 22.36 j 22.57 I •7V| 23.00 23.22 54^523.43 55, 55 !: 56i 57, Hrs. 5J. - 53 i> 54. 23-65 23.86 24.08 24.29. 24.51 57-JJ24.72 58,124.94 55-15 58i 59,125.37 59-^ 25. 58 _6oj35.8o 60A 6i" 61.1, 62" 62.', 63 63^ 64 64.1 65i 66 66i 67^ 67.1 68 68. 'i 69" 69^. 70 70J 71 7i.\ 72 72.'i 73" 73h 74 74^ 75 75.^ 76 76A 77 77h 78 781 70 79h 80 80.1 81"^ 8i4 82 82^ 83, 83i 84. Am't. a6.oi 26.23 26.44 25.66 26.87 27.09 27.30 27.5a 27-73 27-95 28.16 28.38 28.59 28.81 29.02 29.24 29.4s 29.67 29.88 30.10 30-31 30.53 30.74 30.96 31.17 31-39 31.60 31.82 32.03 32. 25 32.46 32.68 32.89 33.11 33-32 33-54 33-75 33-97 34.18 34-40 34.61 3483 35-04 35-26 35-47 35-69 35-90 36.12 84i'36.33 ^5, 85^ 80 86i^ 87.^ 88 88. i 89 89' 90 36-55 36- f 6 36.98 37-19 37-41 37.62 37.84 38.05 38.27 38.48 38.70 Hrs. 90 1 91 91^ 92 92 2 93 932 94 94^ 95 95^ 96 96^ 97 97A 98 98I 99 99 J 100 looi lOI lOll 102 I021 103 I031 104 104! 105 los^ 106 io6.i 107 107! 108 io8.\ 109 lO^i no no J in III;' 112 II2J .Am't, 38.91 39-13 39-34 39- 56 39-77 39-99 40.20 40.42 ^.63 40.85 41.06 41.28 41.49 41.71 41.92 42.14 42-35 42.57 42.78 43.00 43-21 43-43 43-64 43.86 44.07 44.29 44- 50 1 44.72 44-93 45-15 45.36 45-58 45-79 46.01 46.22 46-44 46.65 Hi AT 4 3 H CENTS P ER HOUR. Am t. 59 113^ 114 114I n: 1152 116 I 46.87 47.08 47-30 47-51 47.73 •t7.91 48.16 48.37 48. 48.80 49.02 49-23 49-45 49.66 49.88 50.09 50-31 50.52 50.74 n6_ 11/ 117.1 118 "8^50.95 119 J51.17 119.151. 38 120 151.60 2^ 3 3h 4 4h o 5^. 6 6^ 7 7i 8 8^ 9 9h lO lol II III 12 I2I 13 I3I 14 I4I 15 152 16 16I 17 17^ 18 0.87 1.09 1-30 1-52 1-74 1.96 2.17 2.39 2.61 2.83 3-04 3.26 3.48 3-70 3-91 4-13 4-35 4.57 4.78 5.00 5.22 S-44 5-65 5-87 6.09 6.31 6.52 6-74 6.96 7.18 7-39 7.61 7-^3 8.05 19 8.26 19^: 8.48 2C j 8.70 2o|| 8.92 21 21 22 1 23 23' 24 24^ 25 9 13 9-35 9 57 9-79 10.00 10.22 10.44 10.66 10.87 25-2 11.09 31 •53 26 III. 26I I] 27 27-^ 28 28I 29" 11.74 11.96 12.18 12. 40 12.61 29I 12.83 30"" 1 1 3- 05 His. Am't. 30I 13.27 13.48 13.70 13.92 14.14 14-35 14-57 14-79 15.01 15.22 15.44 15.66 15.88 16.09 16.31 16.53 16.75 16.96 17.18 17.40 17.62 17-83 18.05 18.27 18.49 18.70 18.92 19.14 19.36 19-57 19-79 20.01 20.23 20.44 20.66 20.88 21.10 31 2 324 33 332 34 34* 35 35^ 36 36I 37 37* 38 38I 39 39h 40 40I 41' 41* 42 42I 43 43* 44 44-* 45 45* 46 46-I 47 47* 48 48I 49 ]21.31 49*21.53 50 50I 51 51* 52 52I 53 53* 54 54h 55 55* 56 56.J 57 21.75 21.97 22.1! 22.40 22.62 22.84 23- 23.27 23-49 23-71 2392 24.14 24.36 24.58 24- 57-i;25.oi 58 25.23 58-1 59 59" 25-45 Hrs. Am t. 60I 6r 611 62" 62 1 63"' 63* 64 64* 65 65 1 6(5" 661 67" 67I 68" 681 69 69I 70" 70I 71" 71* 72 72 1 73 73* 74 74* 75 75* 76 76.1 77' 77\ 78 78I 79 79* 80 Sol 81" 81 J 82' 82i 83" 83^ 8.f 84-i 86 861 87" 87I 88" 26.32 26.53 26.75 26.97 27.19 27.40 27.62 27.84 28.06 28.27 28.49 28.71 28.93 29-14 29.36 29.58 29.80 30.01 30.23 30.45 30.67 30.88 31.10 31-32 31.54 31-75 31-97 32.19 32.41 32.62 32-84 33-06 33-28 33-49 33-71 33-93 .34.15 34-36 54-58 34.80 35-02 35-23 35-45 35-67 35-89 36. 10 36.32 36.54 36.76 36.97 37- 19 37.4' 37-63 37-84 38.06 38.28 Hrs. Am't. 904 91 91^ 39-37 39-58 39.80 92 140.02 25 66 .88 60 '26.10 88,^38.50 92 1 93 93* 94 94^ 95 95* 96 96.^ 97 97 98 98* 99 99* 100 1 89 89i 90 38.71 38-93 39.151 100^ 101 101 1 102 102I 103 103,1 104 104'. 105 l<^'5^2 106 106I 107" 107I 108" 40.24 40.45 40.67 40.89 41. II 41.32 41.54 41.76 41.98 42.19 42.41 42.63 42.85 43.06 43.28 43.50 43.72 43-93 44-15 44.37 44-59 44. go 45.02 4S.24 45-46 i'5-67 •■5-89 46.11 46.33 46.54 46.76 46.98 108I 47.20 109 109, no IIO; in ml 112 II2J 113' "3* 114 114* 115 115* 116 116I 117" 117^ 118 8.^ n 119 i'ii9i 120 47.41 4763 47-85 48.07 48.28 48.50 48.72 48.94 49.15 49.37 49.59 40.81 50.02 50.24 50.46 50.68 50.89 51.11 51-33 51.55 51.76 51-98 5 2.20 IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 7 ^ ^ m WJ. m ^' / ^ 1.0 ^ttA I.I 1.25 25 ^«- IIIIIM •mwu 1.8 1.4 1.6 ^. #», ^5 73 /M w PhotogTdphic Sciences CorpoRition 33 WIS* MAIN STRUT WUSTIK.N V MSSO (716) 173-4)03 "^^A.^^ ^^^ ^<^ ^ n ip Md 4", A L-^- 94 CANADIAN CONTRACTOR'S HAND-BOOK. AT 44 CENTS PER HOUR. AT 44K CENTS PER HOUR. Hrs. Ain't. 2 0.88 ■2h J. 10 3 1.32 V. 1-54 4 1.76 4^ 1.98 =; 2.20 v^ 2.42 6 :2.6< 6.'. 2.86 7 3.08 7'. 3.30 8 3-52 i 8.L 3-74! q 3-9^ q\ 4.1B lo 4.40 lO.l 4.'>2 It 4.84 II.\ 5.o() 12 5.20 I2A 5- 50 '■^. 5-7^ ^lA 5.94 M 6.16 14."> 6.38 1!^ 6.60 1-;^ 6. 82 10 7.04 f6.\ 7.26 J7 7.48 I7.\ 7.70 iH 7.02 i8,\ 8.14 »Q 8.36 iq.\ a.s8 20 8.80 20i 9.02 31 9.24 21^ 9-4'i 22 ().oa a2i^ 9.90 23 10. la 834 10.34 94 10.56 a4i 10.78 as 11.00 »«;!: 11.2.2 »6 11.44 ao^ : .66 27 11.88 874 ta. to aM 12.3a a8i «3 54 ■9 I a. 76 ■9i 12.98 30 1 i3.i*o CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK 95 RJIOUE. _ AT 45 CENTS PER^HOUR. Hrs. Aint. 92 I'. 37 03 26 48 70 f5 ?7 59 if »4 ;6 8 o 3 5 7 ? \ 90^ 40. 27 91 140.49 91^140.72 92 40.94 92i4i.j6 93 93§ 94 94 1 95 95^ 96 96^ 97 97^ 98 982 99 99' 100 100 41.38 41.61 4r.8j 42.05 42. J7 42.5c 42.72 42.9-1 43-16 43- JS 43- 61 43.83 44- «5 -,'4- -2a 44-50 i 44.73 1 01 I44.94 iorA[45J7 '02 45.39 102^45.61 103 '45. 8 1 103.1 104 to4.^ 105 •05 J T06 I 46.06 46.28 46.50 46. 7J 46.95 47-17 io6i'47.3., 107 J47.61 1 107^^47. 84 108 148. 0'l io8^|48.2« 48.50 48.73 48. 'J , 49.17 49-39 49.62 49.84 ro9 109/, 1 10" iioJ^ t ir t la ii2J^l50.o6 ii3'|5o.2y "3i 50.51 114 [so.;-- '>4i 50.95 "5 116 n6i 117 117J 118 n8i IK) '«9i lao S^'7 51.40 5'.62 5 '-84 52.00 53.2(1 52. 5 « Sa.73 53- > 8 53-40 2 4 4^ 5 si 6 6i 7 l\ 8 «'. 9 9i 10 10^ II "a 12 12.1 13" K^i 14 Mi 15 i5i 16 17 '7i iS ii» I9i to 20A 21 2'i 22 22.i 23" 23.i 24 24i 25 36 27 =74 28 28 \ ao a9i 30 0.90 1. 12 1-35 1-57 1.80 2.02 2.25 2.47 2.70 2.92 3.15 3-37 3.60 3.82 405 4.27 4 50 4.72 4.05 5- '7 540 5.62 5-85 6.07 6.30 6.52 6.75 6.97 7.20 7.42 7-65 5.87 8.10 8.32 8.55 8.77 9.00 9.3a 9-45 9.67 9.90 o. ta 5-35 0.57 0.80 i.oa 1.35 1.47 1.70 1.9a a. IS 2-37 a. 60 a. 82 305 3.97 iJ?_ Hrs. Am't. 3oi 13.72 31 13-95 3ii 14.17 32 14.40 32 i 14.62 33, 14.85 33i 1507 ^'^i 15-30 34i 15-52 35, 15-75 35i 1597 3^ 16.20 36i 16.42 37, 16.65 37i 16.87 38, 17.10 38i 17-3= 39 17.55 39-1' 17-77 40 18.00 40.J 18.22 '^'i 18.45 4ii 18.67 42 18.QO 42i 19. 12 '^^i '9-35 43 i 19.57 44, 19.80 44i 20.02 '^s, 20.25 45 i 20.47 46 20.70 46'. 20.02 '^7, 21. 15 474 21-37 48 2 1 . <)0 43' 21.82 49, 22.05 49ft 22.27 '■^"i 22.50 50-i 33.73 51 33.95 5ii 23,17 5^, 33.40 52' 33 63 53, 23.85 53i 24.07 54 24.30 544 24.5a 55, 24-75 55i 84.97 "i^. 35.30 56i »5-42 57, 3565 .57i as- 87 ■^^ 36.10 584 36.3 a 59 26. H"? .594 3677 60 97.00 Hrs. 60.1 61" 61 J, 62' 62.', 63" 63i 64 64i 65 i 66 66.i 67 67.^ 68' 68.1 69; 69i 70 704 71 71.4 /2 72 \ 73' li\ 74 744 75 754 76 764 77 774 78 784 79 794 80 804 8t Si4 82 824 ^^\ 834 84 844 854 86 864 87 .\ 88 884 89 894 90 Am t. 27.22 27.45 27.67 27.90 28.12 28-35 28.57 28.80 29.02 29.25 29.47 29.70 29.92 30.15 30.37 30.60 30.82 31-05 31.27 31-50 31.72 31.95 32.17 32.40 32.62 32.85 33.07 33.30 33.52 33-75 33-97 34.20 34- 42 34.65 34 87 35.10 35-32 35-55 35-77 36.0c 36. 22 3''- 45 3O.67 36-90 37.12 37.35 37. .57 37.80 38.02 3«.25 38.47 3870 38.9a 39.15 3937 39.60 39.8a 40.05 40.37 40.50 Hrs, 90 2 91 914 92 92.') 934 94. 944 95 954 96 964 97 97.^1 98 08 A 99" 994 00 00 i ot 014 02 02,', 034 04 044 05 05 \ 06 o6.\ 07" 07.', 08" 08 i 09" 094 o 0.1 I 2 24 3 34 4 44 5 54 6 64 7 .•^m't. 40.72 40.95 41.17 41.40 41.62 41.85 42.07 42.30 42.52 42-75 42.97 43.20 43-42 43-65 43-87 44.10 44.32 41-55 44-77 45- 00 45-22 1S.45 45-67 4590 46. 1 2 46-35 46-57 46.80 47.02 47.25 47.47 47.70 47,92 48.15 J8.37 48.60 48.82 49.05 49.27 49.50 49.72 49-95 50-17 50.40 50. 62 50.85 51.07 51.30 51.52 5I.75 5 '.97 52.20 52.4 a . ,52.6s 74152-8; 8 1 53. 10 84,5332 9JS3-5S 94,53-77 ao I54.C0 Hrs. 2 3 34 4 44 5 54 6 64 7 7 8 84 9 94 o 04 I 1 1 7 J 8 84 9 94 20 204 21 2.4 23 324 23 234 24 2-1 4 aj4 364 37 374 a8 384 ao 9q4 30 AT 45 ■< CENTS PER HO UR. Hrs. Ami. i'Hrs lArn't Amt. 0.91 1. 14 1.^6 1-59 1.82 2.05 2.27 2.50 2.73 2.90 3.18 3-41 •'.64 3-87 4.09 4.32 4-55 4./8 5.00 5-23 5-46 S.69 5-91 6. 14 6-37 6.60 0.82 7.05 7.28 7-5^ 7.96 8.19 8.42 8.04 8.87 9.10 9-33 9-55 9.78 o.ot 0.24 0.46 0.69 0.93 I. IS 1.60 1.83 a. 06 3.28 2.51 a.74 2-97 3- 19 3.4a 3-65 Hrs. Am't. 13.88 14.10 1433 14.56 14.79 15.01 15.24 15-47 15-70 15-92 16.15 16.38 16.61 16.83 17.06 17.29 1752 17-74 17.97 18.20 18.43 18.65 18.88 19.11 1934 19.56 19.79 20.02 20.25 20.47 20.70 20.93 21. 16 21.38 21.61 21.84 22.07 22.29 22.52 22.75 22.98 23.20 23- 43 23.66 23.89 24.11 24-34 24.57 24.80 25.03 25.25 25.48 31 314 32 324 33 334 34 344 35 354 36 364 37 374 38 384 39 294 40 404 41 414 42 424 43 434 44 444 45 454 46 464 47 474 48 484 4'» 4''4 50 504 51 SiA 52 .524 53 534 54 544 554 564I25.71 57 25.93 r7JJ[a6. lb 58 36.39 58^130.62 59 36.84 594 27.07 60 137.30 60.1 61" 6ii 62" 62i 63" 6qA 64" 64i 65" 654 66 66A 6-^ 674 68 68.1 69" 69A 70 704 71 714 72 724 73 734 74 744 75 754 76 76.\ n 774 78 734 79 794 80 8o.\ 27.53 27.75 27.98 28.21 28.44 28.66 28.89 29.12 29-35 29-57 29.80 30.03 30.26 30.48 30.71 30.94 31-17 31-39 31.62 31.85 32.08 32 30 3'J.53 32.76 32.1,9 33.=" 33-44 33.67 33.90 .34-12 34.3s 34.58 34.81 35.03 35.26 35 49 35-72 35-94 36.17 36.40 36.63 36.85 814 37.08 83 83^ 83 834 84 844 "5. 8S4 86 864 87 874 88 884 89 894 93 37.3' 37.54 37-76 37,99 38.22 38-45 38.67 38.90 39.13 39- 36 39-58 39.81 40.04 40.37 40.40 40.7a 40-95 9ii 92 92.1 93 934 v^4 944 95 9S4 96 964 97' 974 98 984 99 994 00 oo.J 01 014 02 023 03 034 04 04'. 05 054 06 06 A 07" o7.\ 08" 084 09" oc),i o o\ 9oi 41.18 91 41.40 41.63 41.86 42.09 42.31 42.54 42.77 43.00 43.22 43.45 43.68 43.91 44-13 44-36 44-59 44.82 45-04 45.27 4>50 45.73 45-95 46.1b 46.41 46. 04 46.80 47.09 47-3? 47.55 47-77 48.00 48.23 48.46 48.68 48.91 49.14 49.37 49. 59 49.82 50.05 50.28 50. 50 50.73 50.96 51-19 Si-4' 51.64 51. 52. t »4 3 24 3 34 4 44 5 54 6 64 7 7j 8 84 9 9i ao .87 10 52.32 52.,S5 55.. 78 53-01 5323 5.3-46 53-69 53-93 54.14 54-37 54.60 96 CANADIAN CONTRAC TOR'S HANO-COOK. Ill I Practical Hints for Builders. Building Sites — In selecting the site lor a dwelling, the preference should be given to one in which the subsoil is naturally dry and the ground elevated, so as to afford facility for getting rid of the sevveage and surface water. The best soil is supposed to be gravel or sand. Chalk and other open strata are also good, but clay, particularly if of .a retrentive nature, appears less likely to form a healthy site. The rain water is often retained for a long time on the surface of clayey soil, and with some kinds of clay it is absorbed, making the ground cold and damp, causing fogs, which hang over it longer than usual. The sites to be particularly avoided are those in the neighborhood of swamps, or other ground recently reclaimed from rivers, estuaries, or harbours, in which deposits have been formed from mud containing organic matter such as that produced when sewage is allowed to flow into the stream. Slight eminences on the borders of swamps are also frequently unhealthy, accordmg to their position with respect to the prevailing winds. Among hills the unheathly spots are enclosed valleys, any spot where the air must stagnate, ravines, or places at their head or en- trance. In well-drained towns the nature of the subsoil is not of so much im- portance as in the country, owing to the buildings, roads, and pavements pre- venting the rain water from finding its way below the surface, and from the provision usually made for taking it away rapidly into the streams and water courses. To render a site healthy, the level of the subsoil water should be 8 or lo feet below the surface, aud where this does not occur naturally, drains should be formed to keep it below this depth. The raising of subsoil in malarious dis- tricts has been known to cause an outbreak of ague, and the lowering of it by draining has, on the contrary, caused an improvement in the health of the in- habitants. All soils except when saturated with water, contain a large quantity of air, and the more porous the soil the more readily does the air pass throui;h it. In the case of towns and habitations generally this fact has an important bearing on health, as this air may be drawn into the houses through the ground under the basement, and dangerous consequences ensure if the soil in the neij^h- borhood is saturated with organic matter, which frequently happens when animal excreta has been deposited on the surface or has escaped from sewers and other receptacles. (Mound air is invariably damp and where it is permitted to stagnate as in the basements of houses, the growth of fungi is encouraged and the wood- work of the house is destroyed by diy rot ; an unwholesome smell pervade?^ the whole house, and the health of the occupants suffers. In all cases, even those in which the natural subsoil has not been disturbed, ancj^ whatever may be its nature, the ground under the basement of a dwelling should be rendered imper- vious to air and moisture. To elTi'ct tlii?, noihing appears to answer so well d^ a layer of Kood concrete about 6 inches thick — probably the best is that made with wel: dried gravel and coal tar. Portland cement, both in the concrete and as a rendering is.er the surface, also answers, but no lime should be used vvhicli is not capable of reslul'ny, the cflects of moisture. Stone sl.ibs or flagj^ing 2 or j inches thick, if well bedded and jointed with good mortar or cement, and aspludte not less than }4 inch thick, if laid on concrete, may also be used, but they are expensive. Before the adoption of any of these coverings, it if of CO of ve CO cei CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. 97 -S. erenca should I elevated, so ;r. The best ata are also ely to form :he surface of ground cold e sites to be )ther ground eposits have duced when ; borders of vith respect )sed valleys, lead or en- much im- ements pre- id from the and water uld be 8 or rains should ilarious (lis- ng of it by 1 of the in- ge quantity riss ihrou.Ljh 1 important the groiuul n the neigh- /hen animal s and other 1 to stagnate [ the wooil- jrvade? the even those nay be its ;red imper- so well as that made mcrete and iised which ging 2 or j -•nicnt, and ! used, but s, it if of course presumed that the level of the subsoil water is sufficiently below the floor of the basement. Where the subsoil is naturally moi-^t the damp should be per- vented from rising through the walls by the interposition of a proper damp course which may be of roofing slates in two thicknesses bedded in Portland cement, or of glazed earthenware such as that sold for the purpose, but the best appears to be a layer of asphalte about }4 inch thick through the thickness of the foundation walls. The ground floor of houses where there is no basement should be raised about two feet above the soil, and the space below well venti- lated. Where there is a choice, dwellings should be so placed that as many of the rooms as possible may receive the sun's rays during some portion of the day. It is said that a south-eastern aspect is the best for the front of a house ; it receive:^ the morning sun. The north and east are usually undesirable aspects to select, owing to the cold winds which usually blow from those points. The selection of an aspect, will, however, mainly depend on the climate, and the direction of the prevailing winds. The prospect from the windows of sitting rooms should be cheerful, whether the house be situated in the town or coun- try, as a pleasantprospect assiLts considerably towards inducing a cheerful state of mind — a matter of no small importance to health. Laying Foundations. The foundation of a building, says Sir J. Gowans, is of primary importance, as, unless it is secure, the permanency of the structure cannot be maintained, however well built it may be. Before laying a stone the builder should be satisfied that the strata will give equal resistance to the pres- sure that may be put upon it. Strata that are hard and soft are very dangerous. Even clay if mixed with bowlders (which often happens) cannot be depended upon, unless they are removed, and means taken to equalize the ground on which the buildings are to be erected. Next to rock, no better foundation crj-n be got than sand or gravel when dry. If wet, means should be taken to drain away the water ; but, if this cannot be done, large flat bedded stones of sufficient area, fairly dressed in beds and joints and well put together, will, as the load increases, secure a foundation that anything can be built upon. In my own experience I have often tested this, and particularly when building a bridge on a railway con- tract I had many years ago. This was an under bridge of considerable span, the girders being in the form of an arch, in segments of cast iron, the security of which depended greatly on the permanent resistance of the abutments, or the bolts which held these segments together at their joints. In digging for a foun- dation it was found that the strata were very soft, being layers of sand and moss alternately, and to prevent failure I took the precaution to strengthen the foun- dation of the first abutment by driving piles to a depth of 30 to 40 feet, with horizontal planking, on which the foundaticm stones were bedded, iiefore build- ing the second abutment, acting on the adv.ce of a railway contractor who had liad more experience than myself, I adopted a different plan — viz., to dig out the soft material to a depth and area as secured hn outward resistance to meet the pressure of the large sized stones that were afterwards put into the foundation, course after couise, until the load pressed out tiie water, and so secured a foun- dation which was equally as strong, if not stronger, than the first. Where the stratum is unequal or not to be depended upon, I know of nothing better than a good bed of concrete not less than 3 ft thick, and no contractor should neglect this where there is the slightest doubt as to the sustaining character of the tfround. This is always necessary in erections of different heights, and is par- ticularly ret^uired in churches and other buildings where the [spire, tower or *^ber elevation bears more beavilv on the »o^ft. . 6 ft. . 5 ft. . 4Mft- . H ft. . 3 ft. . 2V^ft. . 2 ft. . Gallons ,. 239 . . 206 ,. 176 . 122 . 99 • 78 . 44 • 30 • 19 Power of Walls to Resist Pressure.— Walls laid up of good, hard burned bricks, in mortar composed of good lime and sharp sand, will resist a pressure of 1,500 pounds per square inch, or 216,000 pounds per square foot, at which figure it would require 1,600 feet height of twelve-inch wall to crush the bottom courses, allowing 135 pounds as the weight of each cubic foot. It also appears from accurate calculations and measurements that walls laid up in the Fame quality of brick fmd mortar, with one-third quantity of Portland cemenl added to the same, are capable of resisting some 2,500 pounds per square inch, or 360,000 pounds per square foot i this would require a height of wall 2,700 feet to crush the bottom bricks. • • T sh( firs have exlra 1 the hurry i same care lich do not same pres- ections are unites the ) allow for often seen , of course, in cement e the color ; ick is easily y, it is soft. bricks are i hard. U generally a fineness of •rick. The i good for , the softer een said ol ^ designed ;ed thereby nd mortar not swell s the capa- meter : Gallons ... 239 . . . 206 ... 176 . .. 122 . .. 99 . .. 78 . .. 44 30 19 >od, hard ill resist a re foot, ai crush the . It also up in the d cement lare inch, mil 2,700 CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. 99 To Prevent Moisture from Penetrating Walls.— Sylvester's process frr excluding moisture from external walls consists in using two washes or Jkolutions for covering the surface of brick walls, one composed of soap and water and one of alum and water. The proportions are three-quarters of a pound of soap to one gallon of water and half a pound of alum to four gallons of water. Both substances must be perfectly dissolved in water before using. The walls should be perfectly clean and dry and the temperature of the air should not be below 50° Fahrenheit when the compositions are applied. The first, or soap wash, should be laid on when at boiling heat with a flat brush, taking care not to form a froth on the brick work. This wash should remain twenty-four hours, so as to become dry and hard before the second, or alum wash, is applied, which should be done in the same manner as the first. The temperature of this wash when applied may be 60° or 70", and it should also remain twenty-four hours before a second coat of the soap wash is put on, and these coats are to be repeated alternately until the walls are made impervi- ous to water. The alum and soap thus combined form an insoluble compound, filling the pores of the masonry and entirely preventing the water from penetrat- ing the walls. Four coatings will render bricks impenetrable. How TO Make Good Blue Prints.— The piime requisite for making good blue prints is a good tracing. The best material is tracing cloth. If tracing paper is used it should have a bluish but never a yellowish tint, neither should the paper be too thick, as otherwise light will slam through the tracing under the I'nes. The tracing should have no creases or wrinkles. All lines of the tracing, down to the very finest, should be absolutely black. This is imperative. When ink does not give sufficiently opaque lines, it can be improved by adding burnt sienna, burnt umber or gamboge ; this detracts from its quality as a black drawing ink, but makes it better for tracings to be printed. To properly expose prints it is necessary to use a print frame, with strong springs, and an even, thick clastic cushion. To wash prints it is necessary to have water or developer, in a vessel (bath tray) as large as the tracing, and the bath should always be slightly tepid or at least not cold. The prepared paper should be kept and handled only in dim light, and be carefully protected from dampness. To print, the glass in the frame should be kept clean and free from dust. After removing the back of the frame and the cushion, place the tracing on the glass, with the inked side against the glass (or it will give a negative print,) place on that the prepared paper, the prepared side toward the tracing, and see that all lies smooth and is free from creases or wrinkles. Then put the felt cushion on smoothly, and close and lock the frame. L.ack of contact produces blurred prints. Examine trac- ing and paper through the glass in the frame, and if there is lack of contact anywhere correct it by placing paper or pasteboard between cushion and back of frame. When looking at the print to determine time of exposure, open only part of the frame, and raise a corner of the paper. In carrying the print to the bath after exposure, roll it with the blank side out, to protect it from light, and be quick about it. Experts in house building have suggested that grates in second stories are usually less safe than those below, as the narrower joists give little room for the "boxing of the hearth. It is also urged that grates be examined carefully to determine whether the back of the flue is simply of four inch wall, which is ilways dangerous at the back of a grate in a frame house. This can be deter- mined by measuring the distance the breasts extend out from the wall, and as sometimes the breast runs through flush with the face of the wall in th« aext room, the calculation is to be made accordingly. ri lOO CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. " To Remove Exudations from Brick Walls — The simplest and least expen- sive method for removing salt-peter exudation from brick work,when the offlores- cence is in position where the sun(and wind do not have free access, is to wash It off with diluted hydrochloric or f:ommon muriatic acid of commerce. About half a pound of the acid is used with an ordinary pailful of water, the application being made with a sponge. Wood soaked for five days in a 7 per cent, solution of phosphate of soda, and after drying suspended for seven days in a 13 per cent, solution of chloride of barium stands the severest test — twelve months in moist earth near a manure pit — without sign of decay or mold. To Preserve Pencil Drawings. — Pencil drawings may be rendered in- efifaceable by a very simple process. Slightly warm a sheet of ordinary drawing paper, then place il carefully on the surface of a solution of white resin in alcohol, leaving it there long enough to become thoroughly moistened. After- wards dry in a current r^ warm air. Paper prepared in this way has a very smooth surface. In order to fix the drawing, the paper is simply to be warmed for a few moments. This process may prove useful for the preservation of plans or aesigns when want of time or any other cause will not allow of draughtsmen reproducing them in ink. A simpler plan than this is to brush over the back ol the paper containing the pencil sketch with a weak solution of shellac in alcohol. Chalk and pencil drawings may be fixed (though not so thoroughly as by the above methods) by washing them with skimmed milk, or with water holding in solution a little isinglass or gum. When the first is used great care must be taken to deprive it of the whole of the cream, as the latter substance would cause the drav/ing to look streaky. An easy way of applying these fluids is to pour them into a shallow vessel, and to lay the drawings flat upon the surface of the liquid ; after which it should be gently removed and placed on white blotting paper in an inclined position to drain and dry. The Construction of Chimneys.— Many able and scientific men have treated on this subject, but the result of thctr observations serves only to prove what is the result of every day's experience, namely, that rarefied air is lighter and less dense than cold air ; and that it will ascend with a velocity proportion- ate to its rarefaction, unless obstructed by other bodies. Heat that is generated by the combustion of fuel, exists under two distinct forms, and is known by the names of combustible and radiant heat. Combustible heat partakes of smoke, and is carried off" with it into the upper regions, while radiant heat is communi- cated to opposing bodies in contact with its rays. It is stated by some that combustible heat combined with air and smoke exists in the proportion of foui to one, compared to radiant heat : but its correct proportion has perhaps never been ascertained. It is, however, certain that very little radiant heat will escape from a smothered combustion, while a dense smoke will very slowly ascend, and sometimes a portion of it is discharged into the room, and the chimney is pro- nounced smoky, while the epithets uttered against masons, on such occasions, would be more properly applied to the builders of the fire. As nature acts by certain laws, we may derive more profitable information by a proper observance of them, than from accidental occurrences. It is one of the laws of nature that rarefied air ascends, while cold or dense air descends. On the same principle, water discharges itself more copiously through a channel of a uniform and direct surface, on the same inclination. Therefore, channels that are obstructed by eddies and the discharge of other streams into them, are impeded, and the velo- city of the water diminished, so as often to produce what is called back-water CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. IC? least expen- the offlores- is to wash ce. About apphcation fsoda, and chloride of r a manure ndered in- ry drawing resin in ed. After- has a very be warmed on of plans aughtsmen he back of in alcohol, as by the holding in must be jce would fluids is to surface of te blotting nen have to prove IS lighter roportion- i^enerated vn by the if smoke, :ommuni- ome thai 1 of lour ps never ill escape :end,and y is pro- ccasions, acts by servance lure that •rinciple, id direct icted by he velo- :k- water for a considerable distance, which, when removed, permits ihe water to flow with rapidity. Short bends and turnings also present obstacles to the cu-rent or flow of water, by which whirlpools are often seen in actual contact with the natural stream. The same observations may be applied to rarefied air or smoke. Hence those flues will carry smoke the best which arise perpendicularly in a uniform direction. Angles and turnings present obstacles to the progress of the smoke, and should be avoided as much as possible. Particular attention should be paid to the formation of the throat of the chimney, the dimensions of which should in no case exceed the number of square inches contained in a horizontal section of the flue. It has been contended by some that it should be smaller than this, while others have thought that it should be larger ; but experience has shown both of these opinions to be erroneous. When the throat is smaller, the frequent rushes of cold air into it from the opening of doors, etc., sends a gush of smoke into the room, by obstructing the upward current of rarefied air. Wnen the throats are larger, eddies are formed in them, and the smoke, be- coming dense by the steam of the fuel, chokes the flue, and instead of ascending is pufTed into the room. Experience has shown the best construction to be that where the throat contains as many square inches as a section of the flue. It iha latter, for instance, is one hundred and forty-four inches wide, the throat bhouldbe four feet long, and three inches wide, nearly on a level with the man- tle-bar, or at the top of the opening of the fire-place, and graduated to the regu- lar dimensions of the flue. Glueing Joints. — In general, nothing more is necessary to glue a joint after the joint is made perfectly straight, or, in technical terms, out of winding, than to glue both edges while the glue is quite hot, and rub them lengthwise until it is nearly set. When the wood is spongy, or sucks up the glue another method must be adopted, one which strengthens the joint, while it does a' /ay with the necessity of using the glue too thick, which should always be avoided ; for the less glue there is in contact with the joints, provided they touch, the better ; und when the glue is thick, it chills quickly, and cannot be well rubbed out from between the joints. The method to which we refer is, to rub the joints on the edge with a piece of soft chalk, and, wiping it so as to take off any lumps, glue it in the usual manner ; and it will be found, when the wood is porous, to hold much faster than if used without chalking. The Neutral Axis of Cast- Iron Beams.—" It has long been known that under the existing theory of beams, which recognizes only two elements of strength — namely, the resistances to direct compression and extension — the strength of a bar of cast iron subjected to transverse strain cannot be reconciled with the results obtained from experiments on direct tension, if the neutral axis is in the centre of the bar. The experiments made both in the transverse and on the direct tensile strength of this material have been so numerous and so carefully conducted as to admit of no doubt ot their accuracy ; and it results from them, either that the neutral axis must be at or above the top of the beam, or there niust mining the position of the neutral axis be made on such a scale and in such a manner as to place this question beyond doubt, and with this ob- ject two beams were cast, 7 feet long, 6 inches deep and 2 inches in thickness. Two were employed in order to avoid errors which might arise from accidental irregularities of the metal. Considering the very minute qualities which had to be measured and the numerous causes of disturbance to which observations of ISO much delicacy were liaole, such as changes of temperature or want of perfect uniformity in the dimensions or texture of the beams, the results point out the I02 CANADIAN CONTRACTOR'S HAND-BOOK. iiii position of the neutral axis as the centre of the beam m a manner so decided as to remove all further doubt upon this subject not only in the smaller strains but in the larger ones also, which, in the case of the second beam, were carrief to about three-fomths of the breaking weight." Setting Out Stairs. — After determining the height of the riser from tht " storey rod," the right proportion of tread must be found. Sometimes steps are arranged so that it is easier for a man to go up " two at a time " than to walk up in a proper manner. The reason is, both tread and riser are made small. When a riser is reduced the tread must be increased, and the contrary when the riser is increased, the tread must be reducea in width. Joiners do not often break this rule, but masons very often do, notably in steps leading to and from railway stations. A simple rule may be given for finding a suitable proportion. Take any suitable step as a standard step, that is to say, if you know of a stair- case which is comfortable and easy to walk up, take it as a standard to guage others by. Supnose you have a riser given, and require the width of a suitable tread, make use of the following proportion : As the given riser : standard riser : : standard tread : required tread. If the tread is given and the riser re- quired, then — as the given tread : standard tread : : standard riser : required riser. To work out an example : Suppose lo inch tread and 7 inch riser be taken as a suitable step, let 6 inch be the given riser ; then by substituting the value of treads and risers, for the names we have — As 6" : 7" : : 10" : required tread ; this gives 70-6, or 11^ for the size of the tread. Nicholson gives as a standard a tread c f 12" to a riser of 5>^". Working out the example given by this proportion, we get 11" instead of ii%" ; either of these sizes will be an agreeable step. 1 he student will find it a good exercise to compare steps of different buildings with any assumed standard. A rough and ready rule, for the usual sizes of treads and risers, is to make two risers and one tread equal to 24 inches. The proper rule given above may be written for convenience as fellows : standard tread x standard riser given tread (or riser) required riser (or tread, as the case may be.) Pitch boards should be made of hard wood, and should be tested occasionally, for differences in the temperature have a marked effect on the bevel and length of sides. In setting out strings do not depend upon the pitch board for giving the true lengths of the strings. Set a pair of compasses to the length of the hypothenuse of the pitch board, and mark off along the nosing line the number of steps. In this manner accuracy may be ensured. It is a good practice to mark on the strings and on the drawing the word UP after the number of steps which lands in each flight. This simple habit will prevent the not uncommon mistake of putting a step too many in a flight of stairs. In ramping strings to fit each other, it is necessary for the ramps to finish at right angles to the joints ; if they do not, the mould on one string will not intersect with that on the other. The ends of the strings must be prepared to receive skirting before leaving the bench, and it is best generally for the joinei who makes the stairs to work sufficient skirting (to match his strings) to skirt the intermediate landing and the main landings to the nearest architrave. The strings must be gauged, so that there may be a proper margin for plaster. The well strings must be ^ inch below the treads or carriages, as the case may be, and the wall string must be flush with them. Setting OUT Winders and Newels. — Winders require particular care in setting out ; each window must be separately considered ; for if not, the beginnei will have great difficulty in fixing. When strings are tongued and grooved A| W1 al bl nl nl CANAiavN contractor's hand-book. 103 ) decided as iller strains vere carrier tr from tht es steps are 1 to walk up lade small. ry when the ) not often and from proportion. I' of a stair- d to guage t a suitable : standard he riser re- ' : required h riser be tituting the ' : required gives as a i given by will be an e steps of ule, for the qual to 24 is fellows : 5 made of mperature strings do ings. Set and mark :y may be iwing the nple habit rj a flight ramps to tring will prepared the joiner ) to skirt ve. The ;er. The may be, r care in beginnci grooved Together, simply putting the tongue on one of them instead of the other will save A great deal of trouble in fixing. This is more particularly the case when the winders finish to a newel or into a solid well. Some times it is a good plan not to "glue up" the winders, for often these winders can be put in when not jointed to the riser. Too often winders are confined to newels at the narrow ends. When winders are set out by means of a falling mould, they are properly arranged and "eased" before reaching the springings. Now the winders round a newel should be similarly situated, although there is no wreath to take into consideration for the steps should begin to narrow gradually. If there is not room in the staircase to move the flyers back for this, ihe tread of the flyers must be reduced ; a slight reduction will answer the pur- pose generally. It is a disavantage to have an easy flyer and a steep winder in the same flight of stairs ; the pitch should be as uniform as possible. Putting Stairs Together.— Before wedging up both strings of a flight of stairs in which there are winders, or curved steps to newels, or solid wells, every winder or tread which cannot be fixed after the newel or well is on, must be in position. This is often forgotten by experienced hands and causes a great deal of trouble, such as the breaking of the joint of a winder and riser. If the flight has a cut string, each tread should be screwed to the riser of the next step be- fore the treads are wedged to the wall string ; if the steps are screwed up like this, they can hardly be wedged up " out of square." Strong pieces should be cramped against the nosings until the string board is fixed, blocked and set. The wall strings should be blocked to the treads and risers. Blocks hold the wall string much better than nails through the string into the treads. Safe Heights and Lengths of Brick Walls.— For first-class buildings (the workmanship being good) as a geneaal average the walls should not exceed a greater number of feet in height, than three times their thickness in inches, and the length should not exceed double tne neight, without lateral support or itiffening by pillasters, buttresses or wing walls say for. Safe height Lenght should not exceed. 8K 13 18 22 26 50 feet 80 " inch walls 25 feet " " 40 " (( (( rr '* " " .......... 65 " ....... Where the length must exceed these discances, as in depots, warehouses, etc., the thickness must be increased, or lateral braces provided (such as plasters or buttresses) and at as short intervals as practicable. no 130 160 (i To Make a Very Strong Glue.— An ounce of the best isinglass may be dissolved, by the application of a moderate heat, in a pint of water. Take this uolution and strain it through a piece of cloth, and add to it a proportionate quantity of the best glue, which has been previously soaked for about four and (twenty hours, and a gill of vinegar. After the whole of the materials have been brought into a solution, let it once boil up, and strain off the impurities. This glue is well adapted for any work which requires particular strength, and where the joints themselves do not contribite towarns the combination of the work, or in small fillets and mouldings, and carved pattera that are held on the surface by the glue Jo4 Canadian contractor's hanD-rooK. 1 J' ii i IMI STRENGTH OF STONE MASONRY. By Pi- of. I. O. Rakek, The universal custom in determining the ability of stone to lesist pressure is to test the compressive resistance of small cubes. The results obtained by test- ing small specimens of stone are very useful in determining the relative strength of different kinds of stone, but such results are of no value in determining the ultimate strength of the same stone when built into a masonry structure. The strength of a mass of masonry depends on the strength of the stone, on the size of the blocks, on the accuracy of the dressing, on the proportion of headers to stretchers, and on the strength of the mortar. A variation in any one of these items may greatly change the strength of the masonry. The importance of the mortar as affecting the strength of masonry to resist direct compression, is gerier- ally overlooked. The mortar acts as a cushion between the blocks of stone, and if it has insufficient strength it will squeeze outlateraly and cause a tensile strain therefore weak mortar causes the stone to fail by tension instead of by compre? sion. Stone is several times stronger to resist compression than tension, anr hence, where great strengti is required it is necessary that the mortar should b of the best. No experiments have ever been made, for obvious re;isons, upon the strengt. of stone masonry under the conditions actually occurring in masonry structures : but experiments made upon brick piers 12 inches square and from 2 to 10 fee? high, laid in mortar composed of one volume Portland cement and two of sand show that the strength per square inch of the masonry is only about one-sixtl of the strength of the brick. An increase of 50 per cent, in the strength of the brick produced no appreciable effect on the .sitJ'ength of the masonry ; but the substi^tion of cement mortar — one part Portland cement and two sand — for lime mortar — one part lime and three parts sand — increased the strength of the masonry 70 per cent. The method of failure of these piers indicates that the mortar squeezed out of the joints and caused the brick to fail by tension. Since the mortar is the weakest element, the less mortar used the stronger the wall ; therefore the thinner the joints and the larger the blocks, the stronger the masonry, provided the surfaces of the stone do not come in contact. It is gen- erally stated that the working strain on stone masonry should not exceed one- twentieth to one-tenth of the strength of the stone ; but it is clear from the ex- periments on brick piers referred to above, that the strength of the masonry depends on the strength of the stone only in a remote degree. In a general way it may be said that the results obtained by testing small cubes may vary 50 per cent, from each other, or say 25 per cent, from the mean, owing to undetected differences in the material, cutting and manner of applying the pressure ; and also that stones crack at half of their ultimate crushing strength. Hence, when the greatest care possible is exercised in selecting and bedding the stone, the safe working strength of the stone alone should not be regarded as more than one-fourth to three-eighths of the ultimate strength. A further allowance, depending upon the kind of structure, the quality of mortar, the closeness of the joints, etc., should be made to secure safety. Experiments upon comparatively large specimens are but little help in deciding this question ; the only way is to determine the load carried by actual structures. The follow- ing are the greatest loads carried by stone masonry, that were discovered by an extended search through engineering literature : Early builders used much more massive masonry, proportional to the load to be carried, than is customary at present ; experience and experiments have shown that such great strength is unnecessary. The load on the monolithic piers sup- porting the large churches in Europe does not exceed 30 tons per square foot (42J the ovcj ton I laid squj squl pief looi mai poiij abc pressure is led by test- ve strength mining the :ture. The on the size headers to ie of these ance of the 1, is gener- f stone, and isile strain y compres nsion, anr should b e strengt. structures ; to lo fee; o of sand one-sixtl igth of the ' ; but the sand — for gth of the that the . Since the wall ; 3nger the It IS gen- ceed one- n the ex- masonry ng small he mean, applying crushing :ting and not be ngth. A f mortar, eriments uestion ; e follow- ed by an ; load to ^e shown iers sup- liaie foot >n CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. T05 (420 pounds per square inch) or abojt one-thirtieth of the ultimate strength of the stone alone. The stone-arch bridge of 140 feet span at Pont-y-tu-Prydd, over the Toff, in France, erected in 1750, is supposed to have a pressure of 20.7 tons per square foot (290 per square inch) on hard limestone rubble masonry laid in lime mortar. A former bridge at the same place failed with 64 tons per square foot. Rennie subjected good hard limestone rubble in columns 4 feet square to 22 tons per square foot, (500 pounds per square inch). The granite piers of the Saltash bridge (England) sustams a pressure of 9 tons per square foot (125 pounds per square inch). The maximum pressure on the granite masonry of the Brooklyn bridge is about 2S)4 tons per square foot (about 400 pounds per square inch) ; the maximum pressure en the limestone masonry is about ten tons per square foot (125 pounds per square inch). The face stones ranged in cubical contents from ^ to 5 cubic yards ; the stones of the granite backing averaged about i>^ cubic yards, and of the limestone about iX cubic yards per pier. The mortar v/as i volume of Rosendale cement and 2 of sand. The stones were rough axed or pointed to half-inch bed joints, and half-mch ver- tical face-joints. These towers are very fine examples of the masons' art. The pressure on the limestone piers of the St. Louis bridge was, before completion, 38 tons (527 pounds) ; after completion the pressure was 19 tons (273 pounds) on the piers and 15 tons (198 pounds) on the abutments. The limestone masonry in the towers of the Niagara Suspension bridge failed under 36 tons per square foot, and were taken down ; however, the masonry was not executed. At the South Street bridge, Philadelphia, the pressure on the rubble masonry in the pneumatic piers is 15.7 tons per square foot (220 pounds) at the bottom and 12 tons at the top ; this is unusually heavy, but there are no signs of weakness. The maximum pressure on the rubble masonry and cement mortar of some of the large masonry dams is from 10 to 14 tons per square foot. The proposed Quaker bridge dam, which is to impound water for N\iw York City, and which is the largest in the world, is designed for a maximum pressure of 1673 tons per square foot on massive rubble masonry in best hydraulic cement mortar. HOW TO TEST THE DRYNESS OF WALLS. A curious device for resisting the dryness of walls is described in the IViefter Boiindustrie-Zuitung. The apparatus for the purpose consists simply in small sheets of gelatine, which are made by taking the sheet-gelatine of commerce, selecting the thinnest pieces, soaking them for a quarter of an hour in water un- til they are quite soft, spreading them out flat on a greased sheet of glass, and stretching them with the fingers until the folds and creases are smoothed out and the whole made as thiri and uniform as possible. The sheets are then thoroughly dried in the air, the edges, which are rough and uneven, are trimmed off, and the whole cut into pieces about two inches wide and four inches long, for use m testing. If kept flat in a dry place, these gelatine strips are very sensitive to moist air. If a wall is suspacted of being damp, a strip is moved slowly over it near its surface, but not touching it. If any damp spots exist, they are immediately shown by the curling of the gelatine as it passes near them. Although every one takes some interest in knowing whether his house is dry or not, this simple test is likely to be of more practical use to fresco-painters and paper hangers than to any one else. B.oth of these, to avoid disappointrnent and loss, need to know with certainty whether the walls and ceilings on which their art IS to be exercised are dry or not, as their paper and colors will often change Dn damp plasterino. In the case of a wall of m asonry, particularly, plastered on the brick work it is difficult to tell by ordinary inspection whether the moist- ure has dried out or not, and the gelatine sheets may give the desired informa- tion with fjch certainty and precision as to be of great service. ro6 CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK, GRAPHIC METHOD OF DETERMINING THE STABILITY OF A PIER OR BUTTRESS. 3 ^ Let A B C D represent a pier which sustains a given ^ thrust T, at R. Dr.?w the indefinite line BX in the direction of the tlirust through the centre of gravity of the pier (uiijch in this case is at the centre of the pier), draw a verlical hiie until it intersects the line of the thrust at E. As a force may be considered to act anywhere in its line of direction, we may consider the thrust and the weight to act at the point E ; and the resultant of these two forces can be oljtained by laying off the thrust T from E on E X, and the weight of the pier \V from E on the line E Y both to the same scale (pounds to the inch) com- pleting \\\p. parallelogram and drawing ihe diagonal. If this diagonal prolonged cuts the base upon Ihe outer edge, the pier will be unstable and its dimensions must be chnnged. The stability of a pier may be increased by adding to its weight by placing some heavy material on top or by increasing its width at the base by means of "set-offs." \J\idder^ BONDING WITH KOOP IRON. Hoop iron is in narrow strips about an inch in breadth, and for bondinj^ is generally dipped in hot tar before being built into a wall to preserve it from rust. It is often laid in the centre of a thin wall, but ♦.nere should be one hoop iron to every half brick m thickness of wall. Two courses of hoop iron should be built into every story, one below the window sill and one above the head, but wIkmc the expense can be permitted it may be placed in every few courses of bri( k. The ends of the iron lengthways should overlap and be hooked together, and at angles of wall the iron should also be hooked together WATERPROOFING STONEWORK. Coal tar is recommended for waterproofing masonry. For exposed surfaces apply from one to three ^ m. Three n lyyz in. Remainder 13 in. Length up to 80 feet. Length up to 45 feet. Two stories 2iX '"• ft 17)4 in. Remainder 13 in. Length up to 40 feet. Length up to 60 feet Two stories 26 in. II 2i>2 in. II 17)4 in. Remainder 13 in. Length up to 70 feet. One story 26 in. Two stories 21X in. II 17)4 in. Remainder 13 in. One story 21 )4 in. Two stories 27X in. Remainder 13 in. Length up to 40 feet. Two stories I7>^ in. Remainder 13 in. Two stories 21 '/^ in. II 17)4 in. Remainder 13 in. Length up 10 55 feet. Length up to 30 feet. One story i7>i in. Remainder 13 in. One stoiy 2] )4 in. Two stories 17)4 in. Remainder 13 m. Length up to 50 feet. Length up to 30 feet. Wall below the top story 13 in. Top story 8)4 in. Remainder 8>^ in. Two stories 17X in. Remamder 13 in. Length up to 45 feet. t/: One story 17;'^ in. Rest of wall below top story 13 in. Top story H)i in. Remainder 8>i in. Length unlimited. One story 30 in. Two stories 26 in. II 21)4 in. !i 17)4 in. Remainder 13 in. Length unlimited. Oi^e story 30 in. Two stories 26 in. One story 21 )4 in. Two stories 17)4 in. Remainder 13 in. Length unlimited. One story 26 in. Two stories 21 yz in. II \7)4 in. Remainder 13 in. Length unlimited. One story 26 in. Two stories 21 yz in. One story 17 in. Remainder 13 in. Length unlimited. One story 2i>^ in. Two stories 17 )4 in. Remainder 13 in. Length unlimited. One stoty 21 ij in. M 17)4 in. Remainder 13 in. IIO CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. TABLE SHOWING NUMBER OF BRICKS IN WALLS OF VARIOUS THICKNESSES. S ; < •- ' Super- THICKNESS OF WALLS. ■ :j ficies • } of wall. 4i in. or 9 in. 01 • 13 in. ■ 18 in. 01 ■ 22 in. 01 • 26 in. 01 ' 30 in. 01 35 in. or 39 in. or 44 in. or 1 % brick I brick i| brich 2 brick 2^ brick I 3 brick 3i bricl : 4 brick 4^ brick 5 brick 1 ft in. |i 0.6 3h 7 10:| 14 i7l 21 24^ 28 3ii 35 1 I . o 7 14 21 28 35 42 49, 56 63 70 f: 1.6 io| 21 3ii 42 52i 63 73\ ■ 84 94| r 105 ■1' 2.0 M. 28 42 56 70 84 98 112 126 140 1 2.6 i7t 35 S2h 70 87i 105 122.^ 140 157I - 175 1 30 21 42 63 84 105 126 147" 168 189 110 3-6 24I 49 73^ 98 I22| 147 171^ 196 220^ 245 1 4.0 28 56 84 112 140 168 196 224 252 280 46 31* 63 94* 126 i57i 189 220i 252 283I 315 , ■: 5-0 35 70 105 140 175 210 245^ 280 315 350 i.'MH 5-6 38i 77 1^5* i5t 192I 231 269^ 308 346^ 385 ;; 6.0 42 84 126 168 210 252 294 33(> 378 420 "1 6.6 45f 91 136* 182 227^ 273 318* 364 409^ 455 Wm 7.0 49, 98 147 196 245 294 343 392 441 490 ^m 7-6 52^ 105 i57i 210 262I 315 367i 420 472i 525 i'^^H 8.0 5<^. 112 168 224 280 336 392 448 504 560 W^M 8.6 59I 119 I78i 238 297I 357 4i6i 476 535^ 595 ^m 9.0 ^3, 126 189" 252 315, 378 441 504 567 630 |H 9-6 66^ 133 199* 266 332^ 399 465* 532 598^ 665 H ;i 10. 70 MO 210 280 350 420 490 550 630 700 c r ^5.o| 105 210 315 420 525 630 735 840 945 1050 ■ 20. c. 140 280 420 560 700 840 980 1120 1260 1400 ■ ; 30.0 210 420 630 840 1050 1260 1470 1680 1890 2100 1 ^ 40. 0| 280 560 840 1 120 1400 1680 i960 2240 2520 2800 « 50.0^ 350 700 1050 1400 1750 2100 2450 2800 3150 3500 60.0. 420 840 1260 1680 2iOO 2520 2940 3360 3780 4200 70.0 490 980 1470 i960 2450 2940 3430 3920 4410 4900 iW 80.0; 5 to I 120 1680 2240 2800 3360 3920 4480 5040 5600 s 90.0 630 1260 1890 2520 3150 3780 4410 5040 5670 6300 ) ^^H 100. 700 1400 2100 2800 3500 4200 4900 5600 6300 7000 ':H 200.0 1400 2800 4200 5600 7000 8400 9800 1 1200 12600 14000 B 300.0 2100 4200 6300 8400 10500 1 2600 1 470c 16800 18900 21000 H 1 400.0 1 500.0 ■ 600.0 2800 $C)Oo 1 8400 1 1 200 14000 16800 19600 22400 25200 28000 S 3500 7000 10500 14000 17500 21000 2 J 500 . 28000 31500 35000 B 4200 8400 12600 16800 ' 21000 ' 25200 29400 , 33600 . 37800 i 42000 ■ w 700.0 4900 9800 14700 19600 ; 24500 ; 29400 34300 . 39200 i ^4100 , 49000 800.0 5600 ri200 1 6800 : 22400 : 28000 33600 . 39200 i [4800 50400 56000 900.0 f)3oo r26oo [8900 : 25200 : J1500 : 37800 i 14100 50400 56700 ( 'J3000 looo.o 7000 14000 |: Mooo : 28000 : J5000 i ^2000 i t9ooo J 6000 ')30oo 1' 70000 I LS OF n. or brick 3ii 63 26 89 I 20^' 52 I 15 46i 78 39| '7 •8i o 44 in. or 5 brick 35 70 105 140 110 245 280 315 350 385 420 455 490 5^5 560 595 630 665 700 1050 1400 2100 28CX) 3500 4200 4900 5600 63CK) 7000 14000 21000 28000 35000 42000 49000 56000 63000 70000 CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. Ill TABLE OF KEYSTONES FOR ARCHES OF FIRST-CLASS CUT STONE. (From Trautwines C. E. Handbook.) Span in feet. 2 4 6 8 10 15 20 25 30 35. 40 50 60 80 loo 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 For second-class cut stone add about one-eij^hth part. For good rubble or brick add about one-fourth part. Key ft. 0.55 0.70 081 0.91 0.99 1. 17 1.32 1.45 1-57 1.68 1.78 1.97 2.14 2.44 2.70 2.94 3.16 3-36 3-56 3-74 3-91 4.07 423 4.38 4.53 RISE IN PARTS OF THE SPAN. M Key ft. 0.56 0.72 0.83 0.93 I.OI 1. 19 1-35 1.48 1.60 1.70 1.81 2.00 2.18 2.49 2.75 2.99 3.21 3-44 3-63 3.81 4.00 4.15 4-31 4.46 4.62 Key ft. 0.58 0.74 0.86 0.96 1.04 1.22 1.38 1-53 1.65 1.76 1.88 2.08 2.26 2.58 2.86 3.10 3-33 3-58 3-75 3-95 4-13 4-30 4.47 4-63 4.80 '/5 Key ft. 0.60 0.76 0.89 1. 00 1.07 1.26 1-43 1.58 1. 71 1.83 1.95 2.16 2.35 2.68 2.97 3.22 346 372 390 4.12 4-30 4.48 4.66 Key ft. 0.61 0.79 0.92 1.03 I.I I 1.30 1.48 1.64 1.78 1.90 2.03 2.25 2.44 2.78 309 3-35 3.60 3.87 4.06 4.29 4.48 % Key ft. 0.64 0.83 0.97 1.09 1. 18 1.40 1-59 1.76 1. 9 1 2.04 2.18 2.41 2,62 2.98 3.32 3,61 387 4.17 4.38 '/ 10 Key ft. 0.68 0.88 1.03 I.16 1.26 1.50 1.70 1.88 2.04 2.19 2.33 2.58 2.80 3-18 3-55 3.88 4.'5 MtL^^ 112 CANADIAN contractor's HAND-I500K. CRUSHING STRENGTH OF BRICKWORK. .[/^ E. Kidder:] Piers, uniform size, 8" x I2"x22>^" high, common mortar, good average quality, Cement, piue Portland, ^ inch thick under and on top of each pier. Age of piers, 4 months 26 days, exposed to air only, not in water. K St a ii Ef 1 COMPOSITION OF MORTAR, ETC. Lime mortar, plain , Lime mortar 3 parts, Rosendale cement, i part Lime mortar 3 parts, Roman cement i part . . Portland cement i part, sand 2 parts Newark and Rosendale cement i part, sand 2 parts Roman cement i part, sand 2 parts u ex oc c d) lbs. 150,000 245,000 195,000 240,000 205,000 185,000 lbs. 1,562 2,552 2,030 2,500 2,135 1,927 cr u ■5-:^ . ^" = 32" sup., were tested separately without mortar and bore a pressure of 55 tons before yielding, crushmg under 80 tons ; this was the lowest grade admitted, the pressure beinj^ equal to 5,600 lbs. per square inch. Of the specimens tested, the results varied from crushing under 40 tons to remaining uninjured while bearing a pressure of g7}4 tons (equal to 6,825 lbs. per sq. in.) for 15 minutes. Of Philadelphia face- brick (best) used in Municipal Buildings, Philadelphia, the tests gave for one specimen 15,240 lbs. per square inch and another 10,240 lbs. per square inch. [ Vogdes' " Pocket Companion. ^^^ CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. "3 erage quality, 3f each pier. ter. 2 ^ tw !<« a . tn be cr c'^ , u -*' (/J dJ iU ■^ y2 .= rC ■-' = 'S^ 0) -.Sf t ?f.Sif a, oj >-. f, >- P " . ^ «!-(/) : '^'t; C !- : (A) o -2* hJ S (35 O b iz; P w w Q W u l-H C/2 Oh w w Q W u :?; I— t CO < W H o c u-i .s .5 \d -^ f O ro C-J d" f-i m m h-l hh i-I ■ 00 Lo t}- ro c5 n M i-I I-.* H," I-,' H-* M oo r^ Vd -^ CO M M* >-H I-h' l-J M iJ M ■ * ' ■^vO t^ M 00 >-o ro M i-H OCX) rvvO Lo >^ ro rj ci "-I M « 1-4 M ^ _^ COON LTlLOt^l-l "^ 01 M l-H l-H l-l M M fO Tj- trvvO r^oo O O i-H ri TfvO CO _^ \r\ OCO O vo "^ CO n M . . '0 . ^ '^ <"! i-i ooo r>.vo "J"! 'tj- Lr> rn ci ci i-i i4 ni M _ 00 vo r^ fo mvo l^ vO fO ^ OOO t-^ t>xvO "-> -^ -Tf Tf ri m" h^ _; « .r^ ,v, ^ r> :^0O M O O '^OO "^ r» CO l^vO "^ u-^ rf ro ro N n fO r}- u-i\0 tv.CO O O "-I N •^vO 00 CANADIAN CONTR.VCTOR'S HAND-BOOK. 115 j':?OBc;XKS.:<M«5tj<*.co h'€h'^ l^sii «-• — — — "-laic CO ioiobiQci---iCii kft'rik ^ .- — — « — (O M l« «/- ..:.:i^ iii'A-'ai "'I tc io V( CO ot ti.. cr---^ii i»'i-ji l>s i-s 10 v5 :o J^ Cj' - 1 — Ub' iiiiaco — ■ ^is*- ■-^ I'D IC l>5 I'D C^ 0: (^ J^ O) y. - ts *• ir- ^ i* i't 00 ^ ^' ' •'' Jr* ^ tt 11'^ Cfc3l4*^^:^— *oooD''4aic»i4*co V> ^ fc w "j? "■' io ii Oi ^1 Jo to -> 4» Cii "ibofo' 1-0 i*. 5^ 00' i-oLt' OSXn ' M — — ^ i-( ^ iJi L-i to to to J £> ;3 ;o *. tj» ^ -o U io *. 5> 60 io 4- rv ^o i: X ii *. -> ■ w w >j ^ ^s to 10 Ci M w * Oi r. ~» '0 io * J-, ot i- ':« X 1- *■ «: Ih. ii :; bo ';;■ — ^-.ici«iocoC3M*.^oi-);.iic 4- >^ or K K CJ > r: -J •^1 ^ • CfO 5 Co TO c 01 <* If a>^ => 3. CO 5 W M >■ ai e o m 5 tfl to NS tototot-i>-^i- *. 10 ^ 3 «o 00 M es t(i ♦■ II Q -1 w c « w y 5a/e Zoarf, uniformly distributed, for White Pine Beamsy sup- ported at both ends, in Tons of 2000 lbs. goto" UilcOiac' k5*.-l".--l*.!Ln t-»>-«^f-j-»»— IO^»ctoC0WW«I^J.nCi H- is .(^ (3j to to ^ --t ' luiooiirtco f- >- "- f^ JO JO to 10 W 05 *. *. 1 OS 30 >- — — jO 1* JO W CO M *. ifc 01 33 ~« CC 5 1 »- (r< |0 htP l« {« M OS 4> ♦. Oi OS ->- ^5 to to to is *. *. jt^ 0. jj> ~» CO «r to op OSOSCO'.'V if.C04> h-iCSCO>^ tOWtODMODCrtcO'*^ OCObO* OO Clear span , inft. i w H to t— • W M h.i»^4^Cnr:oc 5 > 1 >-<^>-fcC"e»i3>:-it»cc; io bt bo is ~> ■*. bo is C5 b-. CO --1 *■ jotsjofo6s*-*.pip.p;^Tpo^joS^ to Cri bo to C?> »— CO i* c^ ^ 01 bi t- ►O«O09Mi»»i»-OtOsp»;^Q0->«<»" C3*." o-.M.isini-'tft.;-! •OCoMOS^-fnOJOSJ-lpocOCtorf-OC ^»" >^.bo^t-' (KIO^-N-Cnio^*. lCt*»3 to to ^-*»-"-"— '*-'»-' CKCS*.lOO*Ci.*»«0 — C3<0(»~^05 D m 5a/e Load, uniformly distributed, for White Pine Beams, sup- ported at both ends, in Tons of 2000 lbs. j««K-w fc.j».J»-nototOCCOSrf. '-J x CO ' ►- ic *. 0-. io — if" Ci ■ * ■ W ^, 00 s >•* M M 4 •-5 Mi-«l..>^Vt i-icisbt-ioioa-.oc — it' it is *-< ".- *-.* — ^ to to to u cc CO 4k. a. ;■■< p, i-i is in ■'t ci i— 4* CO io irs '— Ota '— *^ ir. w ►- .J 10 to to to « i; .t. 4.- o> it 3-. -> ii cs 00 ■ io it CO is CO is ^1 i: -r JO b ^ ^ to I c ta 10 OS c; jU Ot o» c^ 3; ;^t -x 'ico!-ioc.co isir ii ■ ii — touis i-'h5i0ha«at-sos*.««iiioi-i~»coc Cfl04>9s' is bo 41. io --1 is ' cCmO-. 10 to to OS OS OS 4k Ot tpi o> -r-1 00 ^ — !o4>^r 4>c»is' bo^McoceiiU l5tO0j0SOSjfc4»tIt0'.-l-100CoIi" 4»-t' i»-iioitobociiishs to CJ f ; w Ik * t!t « -1 '1 00 CO S ic 4. ^t' isoi ^csiii-i-.vuc.^icoiii-. »005CSifc*tJ»tfte»-10C«So"c3 0' KJ«K»'issi;rc5::Scc»^c» i|| FT5 . f' f ^ i' .-'*-' ^^ !*!*'* W OS 4k 4k CO k-'toZoCn^coisinbo'-' VI* ^V l-i^kjuji-iiototocsoicsikikctc: «O0si(kSV»<" iobs^is^l^ai4kt' ^^,— !OIO»OIOOSls>«k*.tnOtOSkl it 7. bo' iot' into' p-is tOtO»*JO»0SOS*CM«i-)00k t«ioososco*.<>tt.T3>»iae'ecti4k C;ccioi'C0 4k* bo CO it is is »^ w ' lo^OsOSt^tlkCnA-tsocook^OSbi iib>^ioisC34kit u^Cis>fcik>9iA^iaD-|o.fe-i I O Ct CO OS bo (k to »-« kk to >w is go bo k-t C S OS 4k jk Clt 0< e> k 1 CO C >— )0 ^S p 30 ii6ri«^i«tO--lbc^' t-OSCOt—OS os*4le>t««a!-iacjof5}4f«yijMa OK k^ba't-'k.i.^iisKkcO^ tkk-<«kio 00 )0 CO Co *eo §2- il 5 Ob • <» u6 CANADIAN contractor's HAND-fiOOR. 00 * 4» li w Ot ;". 4» K — C-.7 OO -^ fll rV 5 f^ -- ;_ w w k- 1-1 ji |i M tc ;: l: *. >U f,i ^io*-bi6o' «t *i io --*■ ii * osik W 5 > tU ^ >.-• ic li tc t i w Cm 4>. .t. vi a> C-. -I X IC t S IC l>0 ;,0 M CO *» Cn Oi sTrf ^-^ 00 5^ o ic c-t ^ .'— ii o i;i i& GO in ic ^ ic x 35 fo to i« W i-v * *. ti ^ 35 ^1 cc ;o p (c •-J IOC0^3C5NU4*-plC';-t-'10Df5_C(i4- ■•t* Oibsr— -tic' ►— Co Ci •"» CC CC 4*. ao CI M 03 * *. Cn Cn CJ a> OC to S l" CO 31 « ■'J'—L-i' Ci i-l to 03 --t "^ CO ^ CC -^ OQ *. *. *. !^ 3:--i ^1 !C p 1^ rj !u CI " 5^ »-* ill w ;-• — h- bo * 35 35-^ io i"-!.! 3: M w *. *. li Cn 05 -1 pc -c ~ io *! tt " 'i ^? W 5 *. Ci Oi C5 ;>< cc p p ti " " 3; ^ — I* ociictrf^^io — ini.3-.' ^ViiloJ Co w ■a' o s: I -2 I as- (** C6 ■-» ■~. Si. §5 Co Do a «« ; w > (/i ill K Safe Load, uniformly distributed, for White Pine Beams, sup- \ ported at both ends, in tons of 2000 Ibt. 1 k-iwb^k^MtOtOt0 03C3 03>^*^5;«C9 1 o q M M M M 4» > 1— w.-(oiitowC3*.*.J.Cn3j~>ao cs^oi-i^o' 4-i-Otoi«io' CO ►- 10 to to to 13 CO *. cn 0-t ei CI ^-1 00 c fcioi^ei-^isboccH-evtoic^-i;,. {otoioiofii3J-piCsCi7ipt>;r.~ri Ow 05 1£ to 6i o oi to ^ "^ >ti- io CO Oi »ik 1 CO C3 CO 4. * tJI Ci 7^ ^1 CC p d O 4- •-<■ coM^Ota.ioii 05 03 or 4. 4« it 35 ^1 U5 00 •£ ,- 10 4. 3; !- in CO ^ --1 io ' ' lib boo*.' 3-. cow*.*i><><35:-«« in •■ 1 jlk 4fc Cn C;t 05 M CO tc k— to 03 > ;-! jr 1 J Co "-^to*-! in to CO 3; to 03 in' ' tobc^ t.-JU-«t-Jk^k~«i_itotvO *. Ol Cn as M -1 to O lO 03 *. 35 V5 ►- 4. -jio^jio^to' in to *. 00 03 35 ■ Ic Jn Cn ft 05 ^1 00 ;£ ti 01 " S pi f !l J?. C5io^i3-.i.ioo*.ioin' -li— Mtc l_i te-' wj 1— 1 bw k-* to tO>i Cn C5 35 ^1 OD '£> O 1 4. Oi - 1 -J — 4- ■£ Ik" »>o:ioioi;ti3o;35ioi--iin' Ccin>-'Cfcbc00i3>-'03~10l4.toio — ^1 jfe^:gB85SS:i3CS«oo>»o5 n 75 n CD ov W H Co o .a !i §5 oS" 1 li-^[->-'tOtOtOCOCOCO*.*.Cnp»M «K('*b5bo' iocs' in bo to -^1 io I-* 1-4 M a 01 SO o q M to H» 1^ H 01 » 5 > 1 M i« to to to 03 CO OS *. Cn Cn OS -» JO «c lO }o*.^l' *-«0b5'>l'05IO t-*. ickejocoooco^jfc-enos^-j^ioopi-i eoin^' IkooCo'-OOo*.' 00001— 00 te OS CO 00 *. *. Cn Cn -^ ;^ 00 o c to *- •< cobs' inj-io' os*.i.b5»-'i4 0»C>»C«lK*-OlO5fl57^teS>^roCC5O0 a^cooolK' ODtocototoinh-H'to ^ ^.1 1— h^ 1— f-ii to 1^ *, *. Cn ps OS 7» po O M to *■ Cn 00 — {-■■•ktoiK 6o^tO>l>'ii>'a5>-'bci-i|0 h^ t— I— t-i 1^ t^ to *.*.oip»»^pote>-ito4»cn->j;o! IntoiK' ^inijjtccs-^' bsbstoos j* Oi p» 0» 7^ 00 'l— tototo p>«nO»MOOi!DO^OiCnOSOti~'a.» ■Kieinto'. ■ iobotofcobori^-toco 6.SJ.-^>^ao.cS«5SSSt?S« lo IK !•' &0^ 00 ^ 00 >-• Cn ^ CO to to a toto<»*.».t>t Ooio bo OS «)-<«« Sd'*.^' !>io>boaolk.!-i' *.*.toV loto-^bs^ -^goosco*. iocoM Strength of White Pine Struta or Fillara. j; . Dim cnsions of Cross-Sections in Ins. Safe load in tons of 3000 lbs. Xb 4X5 4.1 4x»i .5.1) 4 XV r,.H 4X« 4x".l 7.4 4X10 4X11 4X12 (! 8.3 0.1 9.9 7 HH 4.,'i ,■)..■< (1.0 f).8 7.5 8.;{ 9.0 K S..V V2 4.9 S.(i (!..'i 7.t» 7.7 8.4 .ra' ;!.!) 4.C S.2 .--..o 0.3 7.2 7.8 10 •2.'.)\ ;!..■•) 4.0 4.0 5.2 5.8 .7 17 1.(1 1.2 1.4 1.(5 1..S 2.0 2.2 2.4 18 O.'J 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 l.» 2.1 Co e 3 -i. 1 u> S' ' 1 ^* ^ cT a T VI !^ < * (o<» 1 Cl o TJ o a ^..^ TO CI f'. ft) • «> 5 M Co C •0 1 mxi3 " 9.9 I 9.0 • 8.4 • 7.8 1 (!.'J \ f,..S > 5.7 1 4.8 ) 4.3 ) .S..1 i 0.7 ! 2.4 » 2.1 CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. 117 ' Stbrnotit of Whit K Pink Stbot8 ob 1 PlI.I.AKfi. OwifllMW*/. 1 Dimen.sions of Crosc-Scctionf iu las. II Safe load in ton<> of 3000 lbs. SX5 5X0 5X7 ^»X8 5X9 5X10| 5X11 6x12 8 5.9 6.0 r.o ao 9.1 lao Il.O 110 9 4.7 .-LS 6.9 IJi as «.4 10.3 11.3 10 4.4 .V3 a.2 7A 7.9 «.8 a.7 10.6 11 4.1 4.9 5.7 6.6 7.4 8.2 9.0 9.8 12 3.8 4.6 5.3 6.1 6.8 7.8 a4 9.1 1.1 3.3 4.2 4.9 5.6 S.4 7.9 7J a4 14 a.2 S.8 4JI, 5.1 6.8 6.4 7.0 7.7 IS it9 S.5 4.1 4.6 5.2 5.8 a4 74 1(1 2.6 9.1 3.6 4.2 4.7 5.2 5.7 a« ^7 2.3 2.8 12 3.7 4.1 4.8 2.1 s.5 IS 2.1 2.5 2.9 .^4 3.8 4.2 46 8.0 19 1.8 12 2.5 2.9 as «.6 4.0 4.8 'JQ IJi 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.9 a2 ao 1^ Dimensions of Cro8»-Section« in Ini. Safe load in tons of 2000 lbs. flX5 Cx6 6X7 6x8 0x9 6x10 6xll|6xl2| "'d 5.9 7.1 8.3 9.5 10.7 11.8 ixa n4.2 u J.C 6.7 7.8 8.9 10.0 1L2 12.3 114 Vi 5l;{ 6.3 7.4 8.4 9.5 UV5 11.5 12.6 1.1 S.U 5.9 «.9 7.9 a.8 9.8 10.8 IIJ) 14 4.7 5.6 6.5 7.5 a4 9.3 10.8 11.2 15 4.4 53 «.2 7.1 7.9 8.8 9.7 10.6 in 4.1 4.9 5.7 6.5 7.3 ai 9.0 S.8 17 'i.H 4.5 5.3 5.9 6.8 7J5 as 9.0 18 a..-) 4.2 4.9 5.6 «.!1 7J0 7.7 a4 19 .^2 3.8 4.4 5.1 5.7 a4 7J» 74 20 3.0 3.5 4.1 4.7 5.2 5.8 a4 7.0 21 2.0 3.1 S.0 4.1 4.7 5.2 6.7 C.2 22 12.3 2.8 3.31 3.71 4.21 4.7 6.2 54 STBENOTir OF WlilTE PiNK STRUTS OB PlLLAUe. Cdntinued. 1^ Dlmetiaions of Cross-Sections iu Ins. II To" Safe load in tons of 2000 lbs. 9x5! 11.9 )x6 9 14.3 1 x7 6.7 9X8 Ux« 9xl( 23. )9xll 5 20.3 1 24.1 Cx)2 28.6 19.2 31.5 iS 11.0 13.1 5.3 17.6 ld.7 ;22.( 26.2 lo.a 12.4 4.4 16.4 18.5 '10. '5 ■ 29.7 ?i-8 13 9.8 11.7 ■ 3.7 15.6 17.5 49. i !}1.5 Ua S.-S 11,3 13.0 14,8 • 1( 1.7 a 15 20.5 23.6 15 8,S 10,7 12.6 14.1 1( .0 S 19.6 21.4 16 as 10.2 1.9 13.6 15,3 17.< ) 18.7 20.4 17 8.2 9.8 1.4 13.(1 14.7 16. 4 17.1 19:8 !" 7.9, 9.5 l.I 12.ti 14.2 15. 1 • nA 19.0 19 7.0 9.1 0.7 120 13.; 15. 2 16,7 18.2 20 7.fl fi.7 0.2 11.(1 13.1 14. ! 16.( 19.4 31 r.o 8.4 9.8 11.2 12.6 14. 15.^ 17.8 22 (J.8l 8.1 D,5 10.8 12,1 13. S 14.9 18.3 10 blmensions of Cross- Soctiotis in Ilia. Safe load in tons.of 3000 lbs. 10x6 17.5 10X7 20.4 lOxfii 23.4 10X9 26.3 l9xU>| 29.2 10x11 10x13 3f.O 32.1 n 10.2 18.9 21.6 24,3 22.6 1-7.0 29.7 33.4 12 W.l 17.6 20.0 25.1 27.6 30.3 15 14.2 10.6 19,0 21.3 3$.7 26,1 38.4 13.5 15.8 -.8.0 20.3 19.' 3.5 24,8 270 15 13.9 15.1 17.2 21.5 28.7 2SS 1« 13.3 14.4 10.4 18.5 30-5 21.6 24.6' 1^ 11.8 13.7 15.0 17.6 19.6 23.6 11 \U 13.1 12.7 15.2 14.6 17.0 16.4 18.9 18.2 20.S 20.0 33.6 2!1.B 30 10.5 12,3 14.0 15.8 17.5 16.7 19.3 21.0 21 lO.O 11.7 13.4 15.0 18.4 20.0 23 9.6 11.3 12.8 14.4 16.0 IM 19.8 Stbkmotii op White Pink Stbuts ob 1 PILLAB8. Continued. J ll Dimensions of Cross-Sections in Ins. 1 Sate load in tons uf 2000 lbs. 7x5 7x6 7X7 7x8 7X9 7X10 7X11 7X12 10 7.7 9.2 10.8 12.3 l.l.O 15.4 ■16.9 18.4 11 7.3 8.6 10.1 11.5 13.0 14.4 1V8 17.2 12 (3.8 8.0 9.5 10.!i 12.2 13.(i 15.0 16.0 13 0.3 7.7 \).0 10..1 11.6 13.0 14.2 16.4 14 0.2 7.4 a« 9.8 11.1 12.4 13.5 14.8 15 5.9 7.0 a2 9.4 10.5 11.8 12.i, H.O 16 6.0 6.7 7.8 a9 10.0 11.3 12.3 13.4 17 5.3 6.4 7.4 8/. 9.5 10.6 11.7 22.8 18 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 19 4.7 .6 6.6 7..'. 8.5 9.4 10.3 11.2 20 4.4 .3 6.1 7.0 7.8 8.8 9.6 10.4 21 4.1 4.9 6.7 6.5 7.3 a2 8.9 9.8 33 3.8 4.6 6.3 6.1 6.8 7.i n 5!40 36.8 29.4 ki jri.o 15 15.4 17.9 20.4 2.3.0 'iHM ,;».8 16 14.7 17.3 19.6 23.0 24.6 26.9 29.4 17 14.3 16.5 las 21.2 2:!.0 25.9 28.4 18 13.5 15.8 18.0 30.3 22.6 24.9 27.0 19 13.0 1-).3 17.4 19.5 21.8 23.9 26.0 30 12.6 14.6 16.8 18.8 21.0 2'!() 25.0 21 13.0 140 1(,.0 18.0 20lO 32.0 24.0 22 11.6 l,t5 15.4 17.4 19.4 31.2 2;i.2 23 11.3 K3.0 14.8 l(i.7 .18.6 .20.5 32.4 34 ia8 13.6 14.4 16.3 lao 19.8 31.6 M^ Dimensions of Cross-Sections in Ins. 13 Safe load in tons of 2000 lbs. Ii!x6 21.0 13X7 24.5 l2xfi 28.0 12 X '.I 31.5 12X10 IM.O 12X11 12x13 3H.5 42.0 13 19.9 W.3 36.4 39.6 83.2 .36.4 39.7 14 18.8 21.9 2.'J.fl 38.1 31.4 34.4 37.6 16 17.9 »>.9 23.8 26.H 29.8 32.8 15.8 16 17.1 20.0 23.8 25.7 28.6 31.4 31.3 17 164 19.1 21.8 34.6 ;'7.4 30.0 32.7 18 157 18.3 21.0 3.1.6 26.2 28.8 31.4 w 15.1 17.6 20.2 22.7 25.2 27.7 ,30.3 20 14 6 17.0 194 21.9 24.4 26.7 29.3 21 14.1 18.5 188 21.2 2.'t.6 25.8. 38.3 22 13.6 15.9 18.2 •JO.A •J2.H 2f>.n 27.2 23 13.1 15.3 174 19.6 21.8 24.0 36.3 84 12.6 1 14.7 i 16.8 1 18.9 < 31 1 33.1 < 95.3 I ii8 CANADIAN CONTRACTOR'S HAND-BOOK. TABLE OF BOARD MEASURE. Explanation.— The length of the board is given, in feet, in the ieft- hand column ; the width is given, in inches, in the upper row of figures ; and the contents are given under the width, and opposite the length. Thus, the contents of a board 13 feet long and 7 inches wide will be found under 7, and opposite 13, and is 7 feet 7 inches. " THm" ', :ngth, 1 feet. j Width, in Inches. :5-s 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 12 > 14 ft. in. ft. in. ft. in. ft. in. ft. in. ft. in. feet. ft. in. ft. in. I 6 7 8 9 10 II I I I I 2 2 I I 2 I 4 I 6 I 8 I 10 2 2 2 2 4 3 I 6 I 9 2 2 3 2 6 2 9 3 3 3 3 6 4 2 2 4 2 8 3 3 4 3 8 4 4 4 4 8 5 2 6 2 II 3 4 3 9 4 2 4 7 5 5 S S 10 6 3 3 6 4 4 6 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 3 6 4 I 4 8 5 3 5 10 6 5 7 7 7 8 2 8 4 4 8 5 4 6 6 8 7 4 8 8 8 9 4 9 4 6 5 3 6 b 9 7 6 8 3 9 9 9 10 6 10 5 5 ID 6 8 7 6 8 4 9 2 10 10 10 II 8 II 5 6 6 5 7 4 8 3 9 2 10 I II II II 12 10 12 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 13 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 II II 13 14 I IS 2 14 7 8 2 9 4 10 6 II 8 12 10 14 IS 2 16 4 15 7 6 8 9 10 II 3 12 6 13 9 15 16 3 17 6 16 8 9 4 10 8 12 13 4 14 8 16 17 4 18 8 i; ^ 6 9 II II 4 12 9 14 2 15 7 17 18 S 19 10 s.( 9 10 6 12 13 6 15 16 6 18 19 6 21 19 9 6 II I 12 8 14 3 15 10 17 5 19 20 7 22 2 20 10 II 8 13 4 15 16 8 18 4 20 21 8 23 4 21 10 6 12 3 14 IS 9 17 6 19 3 21 22 9 24 6 22 II 12 10 14 8 16 6 18 4 20 2 22 23 10 2S 8 23 II 6 13 5 15 4 17 3 19 2 21 I 23 24 II 26 10 24 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 25 12 6 14 7 16 8 18 9 20 10 22 II 25 27 I 29 2 26 13 15 2 17 4 19 6 21 8 23 10 26 28 2 30 4 27 13 6 15 9 18 20 3 22 6 24 9 27 29 3 31 6 28 14 16 4 18 8 21 23 4 2C 8 28 30 4 32 8 29 H 6 16 II 19 4 21 9 24 2 26 7 29 31 S' 33 10 30 15 17 6 20 22 6 25 27 6 30 32 6 35 31 15 6 18 I 20 8 23 3 25 10 28 5 31 33 7, 36 2 the left. ; and the contents josite 13, 14 ft. in. I 2 2 4 3 6 4 8 5 10 7 8 2 9 4 10 6 II 8 12 10 14 IS 2 16 4 17 6 18 8 19 10 21 22 2 23 4 24 6 25 8 26 10 28 29 2 30 4 31 6 32 8 33 10 35 36 2 CANADIAN CONTRACTOR'S HAND-BOOK. Tig TABLE OF BOARD mEASHRE-f Continued.) Length, in feet. WIDI 'H, IN Inches. I 5 16 17 18 19 1 20 21 22 23 it. in. ft. in. ft. in. ft. in. ft. in. ft. in. ft. in. ;t m. ft. in. I I 3 I 4 I 5 I 6 I 7 I 8 I 9 I 10 I II 2 2 6 2 8 2 10 3 3 3 4 3 6 3 8 3 10 3 3 9 4 4 3 4 6 4 9 5 5 3 5 6 5 9 4 5 5 4 5 8 6 6 4 6 8 7 7 4 7 8 5 6 3 6 8 7 I 7 6 7 u 8 4 8 9 9 2 9 7 6 7 6 8 8 6 9 9 6 10 lo 6 u II 6 7 8 9 9 4 9 II 10 6 II I II 8 12 3 12 10 13 5i 8 10 10 8 II 4 12 12 8 13 4 14 14 8 15 4 9 II 3 12 12 9 13 6 14 3 15 15 9 16 6 17 3 10 12 6 13 4 14 2 15 15 10 16 8 17 6 18 4 '9 2 1 1 13 9 14 8 15 7 16 6 17 5 18 4 '9 3 20 2 21 I 12 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 •3 16 3 17 4 18 5 19 6 20 7 21 8 22 9 23 10 24 II 14 17 6 18 8 19 10 21 22 2 23 4 24 6 25 8 26 10 15 18 9 20 21 3 22 6 23 9 2C 26 3 27 6 28 9 16 20 21 4 22 8 24 25 4 26 8 28 29 4 30 8 17 21 3 22 8 24 I 25 6 26 1 1 28 4 29 9 31 32 7 18 22 6 24 25 6 27 2.^ 6 30 31 6 33 34 6 19 23 9 25 4 26 II 28 6 30 I 3' 8 33 3 34 10 36 5 20 25 26 8 28 4 30 31 8 33 4 35 36 8 33 4 21 26 3 28 29 9 31 6 33 3 35 36 9 38 6 40 3 22 27 6 29 4 3f 2 33 34 10 36 8 38 6 40 4 42 2 23 28 9 30 8 32 7 34 6 36 5 3« 4 40 3 42 2 44 I 24 30 32 34 36 3« 40 42 44 ° 46 25 31 3 33 4 35 5 37 6 39 7 41 8 43 9 45 'S 47 II 26 32 34 8 36 10 39 41 2 43 4 45 6 47 8 49 10 27 33 9 36 38 3 40 6 42 9 45 47 3 49 b 51 9 28 35 V 4 39 8 42 44 4 46 8 49 51 4 53 8 29 36 3 3« 8 41 I 43 6 45 II 49 4 50 9 53 2 55 7 30 37 6 40 42 6 45 47 6 50 52 6 55 57 6 31 ,38 9 41 4 43 II 46 6 49 I 51 8 54 3 s(^ 10 59 5 Floors for Dancing must he springy and elastic ; joists may be 18 inches apart or even more ; the boards should be in narrow widths, of pine, well bees- waxed, and should follow as much as possible the round of the room. Allow I cwt. per foot superficial as safe load. I20 CANADIAN CONTRACTOR'S HAND-BOOK. I RULE FOR COMPUTING THE NUMBER OF SLATES IN A SQUARE. Subtract three inches, or the amount of head-cover, from the length of the slate, multiply the remainder by the width, and divide by two. This will give the number of square inches covered per slate; divide 14,400 (the number of square inches in a square) by the number so found, and the result will be the number of slates required. Tho following table gives the number of slates per square for the usual sizes, allowing three inches for head-cover : — Number of Slates per Square. Size, in Pieces per Size, in Pieces per Size, in Pieces per inches. square. inches. square. inches. square. 6x12 533 8 X 16 277 12 X 20 141 7x12 457 9 X 16 246 14 X 20 121 8x 12 400 10 X 16 221 II X 22 137 9x12 355 9 X 18 213 12 X 22 126 7 X 14 374 10 X 18 192 14 X 22 108 8 X 14 327 12 X 18 160 12 X 24 118 9 X 14 291 10 X 20 169 14 X 24 94 10 X 14 261 11 X 20 154 16 X 24 86 The weight of slate per cubic foot is about 174 pounds, or, per square foot ol i'arious thicknesses, as follows : — Thickness, in inches.. Weight, in pounds 1-8 1.81 3-16 2.71 1-4 3.62 3-8 5-43 1-2 7.25 The weight of slating laid per square foot of surface covered will, of course, depend on ihe size used. The weight of 10 by 18 slate, three-sixteenths of an inch thick, for example, per square foot of roof, would b^ 5.86 pounds. An experienced roofer will lay, on an average, two squares of slate in ten hours. Ordinary roofing-paper weighs about fifteen pounds per square, and average^ about fifty pounds in a roll. At the present time the additional cost of laymg slate in elastic cement varies from thirteen to fifteen per cent. SHINGLES. The average width of a shingle is four inches : hence, when shingles are laid four inches to the weather, each shingle averages sixteen square inches, and 900 are required for a square of roofing. If 4>i inches to the weather, 800 will cover a square. 5 " *■ " 720 SH " " = " 655 6 " «• M 600 This is for common gable-roofs. In hip-roofs, where the shingles are cut morf or less to fit the roof, add five per cent, to above figures. A carpenter will carry up and lay on the roof from fifteen hundr'id to two thousand shingles par day, or two squares to two squares and a half of plain gable roofing. One thousand shingles laid four inches to the weather will require five pounds of shingle-nails to fasten them on. oix pounds of fourpenny nails will lay one thousand split pine shingles. ti (i t« «( CRl 'ES CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. 121 gth of the s will give number of vill be the jsual sizes, s per re. I !I 6 l>8 8 4 f6 re foct nl r-2 •25 3f course, ths of an ten hours, averages ic cement 5 are laid and 90U :ut more to two of plain pounds lay one CRUSHING AND TENSILE STRENGTH, IN LBS., PER SQ. INCH OF NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL STONES. DESCRIPTION. Aberdeen Blue Granite Quincy Granite P'reestone, Belleville Freestone, Caen Freestone, Connecticut Sandstone, Acquia Creek, used for Capitol Washington Limestone, Magnesian, Grafton, 111 Marble, Hastings, N. Y Marble, Italian Marble, Stockbndge, City Hall, N. Y Marble, Statuary Marble, Veined Slate Brick, Red IJrick, Pale Red Hrick, Common 1m ick. Machine Pressed Brick, Stock , i5rick-work, set in Cement, bricks not very hard Brick, Masonry, Common Cement, Portland Cement, Portland, Cement i, Sand i t'ement, Roman Mortar ' rown Glass Portland Cement Portland Cement, with Sand, (ilass, Plate Mortar Plaster of Paris Slate Weight per Cubic ft., in lbs. 164 166 165 135-5 130.3 Crushing Force. Lbs. per sq. inch. 8,400 to 10,914 1 5^300 3,522 1,088 3,319 5,340 17,000 18,941 12,624 10,382 3.216 9,681 9,300 808 562 800 to 4,000 6,222 to 14,216 2,177 521 500 to 800 1,000 to 8,300 1,280 342 120 to 240 31,000 TENSION. 427 to 711 92 to 284 9,420 50 11,000 1 22 CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. 'i EC4 O CO H o &4 c.S s* "" M 1) • r3 fi O (fl I- XJ OJ (U c 1-1 Q..~ cu • o J3 J3 "_^- " C ♦-• OJ C/3 :g «-■ C X tuo S o ^ H §2 II > in '^ •;: O (U o i 8 o U1 ; o »o o o °°. m VO ^(!! VO M M CO h" X H Ct o *-> o o O ON O O 8 CJO 8 1 to 00 M VO 00 3 H- H VJ N O C-N vO CO lO ^ O Tj- VO c>» H tN t^ VO '■> ■>*• -l- CO o O O o o o ^~t 4-( •.-> 4-* 4-1 4-» 00 K CJ to VO CO m VO m N 00 lO ^ CO t> O M N O "<1 o r^ o t>. Ov O O c» c fO n' in m (N C) r^ 00 M H \o M 0\ M C» N H H 8 M M o o *-* o CO o VO o o o O o 4-* o o o 4^ o c >o O 00 o « 01 o lO CO vO M o H »o \ 00 lo en e* M H M CO lO H Ov 00 W) - c -^ ^ c • 4-1 •— I/) (/) X3 C m d (A) D u CO VO CO dv o CO Q VO C CO 6^ (5 vo" o o •^ c» v5 lO »o bo . c a; c 1/1 4) t/1 in cr5 .-5 u.S 5^ g 8 cu o Tj- ^N 00 M M M M o o o ■*-i *^ 2 8 8 o in CO M M o ^S rttJ .^ w - V CO SL8 , he y ^ •53 X) c > 3'- 00 •"^ 00 10 c*> VO •n s 4-4 s CO ^ U1 ^4 O H a. i I o CO CO O w 10 CO CO oo_ 10 vo" 8 10 Ov 00" 8 o 4-» CO M H o 00" 8^ »o o 00 VO 4 o >o 00 vO* o 10 vO_ vo" O «n 8 l/V o 4-1 8 10 o 00 o o 10 q 10 8 o" ON 00 co o o CO 00" 00 H o 8 00 c< 8 00 lO o" M o 8 6 8 CO in S 2 2 8 q o o 6^ 8 vn crv ts Ov •ft CO o hs ^ M 00 4 in tn vo M pi :f ? in m a CO CO 2 00 o ;? •5 I a 0) a V) 8 in vo H o 4-I VO 00 in CO u oa 3 n ro O N • O '. H , o VO I 00 ■ 1 1 CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. 123 AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT, The standard avoirdupois pound is the weight of 27,7015 cubic inches of dis- tilled water, weighed in the air, at 39.83 degrees Fahr. , barometer at thirty inches. Ounces. Pounds. Quarters. Cwts. Ton. I. = .0625 = .00223 = .000558 = .000028 16. I. .0357 .00893 .000447 448. 28. 1. .25 .0125 1792. 112. 4. I. .05 35810. 2240. 80. 20. I. A drachm -= 27.343 grains. A stone = 14 pounds. A quintal = loc ) kilogrammes. 7000 5760 p;rains grains = I avoir, pound = I troy pound - -= 1.2 1 528 troy = .82285 avoir. pounds, pound. Kilos p. sq. centim. Pounds p. sq. inch X 14.22 = pounds p. sq. inch. X .0703 --= Kilos p. sq. centim. FRENCH WEIGHTS. EQUIVALENT TO A/OIRDUPOIS Milligramme . . . Centigramme. . . . Decigramme (iramme Decogramme. . . . Hectogramme — Kilogramme Myriogramme. .. , Quintal Millier or Tonne Grains. .015433 .'54331 1. 54331 15-4331 I54.33> 154331 15433.1 Ounces. Pounds. • • • • • .000352 .000022 .003527 .000220 •035275 .002204 .352758 .022047 3.52758 .220473 35.2758 2.20473 352.758 22.0473 3527.58 220.473 35275-8 2204.73 124 CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. .1 i t AVOIHDUPOIS WEIGHT. (Canadian.) 27 y^ grains =1 drachm = 27.34375 grains. 16 drachms =1 ounce =•■ 437. 5 grains. 16 ounces =1 pjund = 7ooo grains. 25 pounds =1 quarter. 4 quarters =1 hundredweight. ;^o hundredweight. . . =1 ton or 2000 lbs. CIRCLES. The diameter of a circle is 0.31831 times the circumference. The circumference is .31416 times the diameter. The diameter multiplied by 0.8862 equals the side of a square of the same area. The inside of a square + 1. 128 equals the diameter of a circle of the same area. WEIGHT OF VARIOUS LOADS ON ROOFS. 100 FT. SPAN OR LESS. Covered with corrugated iron : — Laid on purlins = 8 lbs. per sq. ft. II board =11 n m Covered with slate : — Laid on purlins =13 u m II boards =16 n n Covered with shingles or laths =10 n n If plastered below add 10 n n For iron construction add 4 n m For snow and vertical component of wind force add 30 n m SAFE HEIGHT OF PILLARS OF STONE OR BRICK. No pillar or support of brick or stone should, as a rule, exceed in height i.'. limes its least thickness at the base. When longer there is a considerable fall- ing off in strength. A hei>(ht of 24 times the thickness reduces the strength from 10 to 7. When increased to 30 times the strength is reduced one-half, and when increased to 40 times the strength is reduced to one-third. TEST OF WHITE PINE. The strength of white pine varies widely in different samples. Some careful tests made recently by J. W. Woodman, lUiilding Inspector, Minneapolis, gave the following results, all but two samples being taken from different boards and from different trees. Thirteen nieces i"x i", 12" between bearin^^sand loaded at centre, broke as follows : I. 420 lbs. 5. 610 lbs. 2. 580 11 6. 530 M 3- 430 •• 7. 395 '• 4. 465 II 8. 280 M 1}. 210 II 9. 295 lbs. 10. 540 II 11. 270 12. 420 II II Sq Sq Ro Sq Rn Ac of the same of the same ft. 1 height 12 erable fall- e strength e-half, and ne careful >olis, gave oards and loaded at CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. SQUARE OR SURFACE MEASURE. Inches. Feet. Yards. Poles. Chains. Square foot I44 i Square yard 1,296 9 i Rod, pole or perch . . 39,204 272,^4: 30X 1 Squarechain 627,264 4,356 484 16 I Rood 1,568,160 10,890 1,210 40 2^2 Acre 6,272,640 43,560 4,840 !6o 10 I square mile = 640 acres = 2560 roods = 6400 chains = 102,400 rods (poies or perches) -~3,o97'6oo square yards. I square acre = 209 teet (nearly) or 12^ rods on each side. CUBIC OR SCLID MEASURE. 1728 cubic inches i cubic foot. ' 27 cubic feet i cubic yard. 125 Roods. I 4 40 50 42 108 128 40 of rough limber I i ton or load. of hewn tmiberj of timber i shipping ton. I stack of wood. 4x4x8 • cord of wood. merchandise i ton shipping. MEASURES OF LENGTH. Inches. Feet. Foot 12 I Yard 3^ 3 Rod, pole or perch 198 i6jS4 Chain 792 66 Furlong 7,92o 660 Mile 63,360 5,280 Mile, geographical 6,082.66 Yards. Poles. Chairs. Furlongs. I 22 220 1,760 I 4 40 320 I 10 89 I 8 PARTICULAR MEASURES OF LENGTH. I Hand = 4 inches, i Link = 792 inches, i Cubit= 18 inches. I Military pace = 2 feet 6 inches, i Pace geometrical = 5 feet. I Falhom = 6 feet, i Cable's length = 120 fathoms. I League = 3 miles, i Admiralty knot = 6c8o feet. I Degree = 69)^ miles = 60 nautical knots or geometrical miles. WEIGHT OF WATER. I cubic foot of water =64.425 lbs. I cubic inch of water = .03612 lbs. I gallon = »o lbs. I cwt.= i.8 cubic feet *ii.2 gallons. I ton == 35.9 cubic feet =^224 gallons. I cubic foot of sea water =64.1 1 lbs. mm 126 CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. CONVERTING SUPERFICIAL MEASURE INTO BOARD MEASURE FOR FLOORS. 1^ 11 (J 4) o a> 0) !>j a; N u u G j3 vO « mt^O r^t^O rorssO for^o TOO O too O fOvO O rOO O _ _ _ _ >-i n Tj- LTisO 30 O O N fO -^vO C^ -^vO CO 8888§888 M §888 -^vo 00 o n •^ _; M nh' ci ri c^ •-I CJ ■^ "1 t^oo O -^ M -^ ""> rv. M -^vo 00 O c^ Lor^O>-i roLn d d d d d d «•-<'-<*'-<'>-' )^ d d d d >-<»-<►-« "-I "-I ci rj N UOOO "-I t^MOO fOO'^O "^ fOvO O N vO O n "ICO i-H LTiOO >0 m O vO ro M ro li^vO CO N Tf u^ tv ON •-< 00 vO '^ N ' ~ hH ro u-i I-^ rn LTivo 00 O (S aON t^ li^ ro "H o 00 on - - ''tvO 00 OOOCO'"''^*^'^*^ q « en u-ioo '-I mo Qx n t^ rf w OnO r<-) o 00 (S tnoo O f*^NO On "-i 000'-i>H>-ii-iN N w m m 888888888888§88888888888 N "^O CO q n rj-O 00 q N -^ mo On N "^00 >-» -^ r>» O ^<> dcdd»-<'-<»^'-!>-HvSNNdddi-!»-;t-;Nric5mmm n "^ rs. ov "-" mo oo n •^o 00 '-' m LT-. r^ n rfooo -I m)ii->t^ N -^ h^ m r^ n rfo mo n ■<+o foo mt^O mt^o mt^ too o mo mo mo o mo o mo oooo>--'^ Q r^ »-r> M o r^ 1*^ M M "^ i^ O m t^ 1- Li-^oo M O ririNmdd>-<»-<'-;N'cimmm'4'4 lr^ O in m i^ ►-< m 8 -«3 i^ .s ^ 1-1 u >:: O "- r^ m On 'St- o oc r^ tn Tj- n w n M unco i-i Tf r^ q d d d •-<•-«>-< n O "-• t^ m On On r^O 00 t^ m Tt ts n 1/-V /J M m» >-• Tf rtoo n NNNmmoo>-"M On r^o ■^ m m m m r}- •^ i#» 888 ir\ o m m m "^ ^ in invd c i: O «> 888888888888888888888888 ■^co N O q 'i-oo rj vO O 'too \ONOo-^qOrioorj-qoN_ ;4 N 1-4 N ■^o 00 o n -i-o 00 o N -^ N "^o CO o M '^o oo o N T^ NMnwNMNN mmmmmmmro CANADIAN contractor's HAND-ROOK. 127 STRENGTH OF SOLID TIMBER AND PLANK FLOORS, i. e., FLOORS OF LARGE BEAMS AT 8 FT. CENTRES COVERED WITH PLANKS. (From Kidder. By C. J. H. Woodbury.) WEIGHT PER SQ. FT. OF FLOOR. N Super- ficial load. .. / 75 lOO 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 Weight of beam in lbs. 3.00 4.08 5-33 3.00 4.08 5-33 3.00 4.08 5-33 3.00 4.08 5-33 3.00 4.08 5-33 3.00 4.08 5-33 3.00 4.08 5-33 3.00 4.08 5-33 3.00 4.08 5-33 3.00 4.08 5-33 3.00 4.08 5-33 Weight of floor plank. / 6.07 7.40 8.55 9-55 10.45 11.26 12.05 12.75 1345 13-55 14.72 / Total. 59.07 60.15 61.40 85.40 86.48 87.73 ni.55 1 1 1.63 113.88 137-55 138.63 139.88 163-45 164.53 165.78 189.26 190.34 191.59 215.05 216.13 217.38 240.75 241.83 243.08 266.45 267.53 758.78 291.5s 292.63 293.88 317.72 318.80 320.05 DIMENSIONS OF BEANIS. Depth in inches. 12 14 16 12 M 16 12 14 16 12 14 16 12 14 16 12 14 16 12 14 16 12 14 16 12 14 16 12 14 16 12 M 16 Breadth in inches. 6 7 8 6 7 8 6 7 8 6 7 8 6 8 6 7 8 6 7 8 6 7 8 6 7 8 6 7 8 6 7 8 Span in feet. 20.95 26.16 31.63 17.42 21.82 26.46 15.25 19.12 23.23 17.23 20.96 12.59 15.82 19.25 11.71 14.70 17.91 10.98 13-80 16.81 10.38 13.06 15.90 9.86 12.40 15.08 9-43 11.86 14.46 9.03 11.36 13.85 Thickness of floor plank in inches. i 128 CANADIAN CONTRACTOR'S HAND-BOOK. SOLID BUILT BEAMS. In the construction of " built " beams for wide spans concerning the keys used to prevent sliding of the timbers, Tredgold says, "the breadth of the key should be twice its depth," and the sum of the depths should be equal to once and a third the total depth of the beam." The bolts and keys may with great advantage be placed at an angle of 45 degrees with the axis of the beam, those on the left half sloping one way, those on the right, the reverse. Keys are made in two pieces with a wedge between left projecting when first driven in tight so as to admit of tightening up in the event of shrinkage. When the depth of the beam is restricted by cir:umstances so that keys cannot be used, the beams should be notched on the sides that touch, the notches or indentations corresponding ex- actly. The two timbers are then held together by means of straps or bolts, but this method does not admit of wedges by which the beams may be tightened up. Beams of several thicknesses should "break joint." DRY ROT. To prevent dry rot, good ser zoning of the timber before using and good verli- lation for it when in place in a building are essential. Charring and coal tar aie recommended. To cure dry rot, a solution of corrosive sublimate in water (an ounce to a gallon used hot) or a solution of sulphate of copper (half a lb. to a gallon of water used hot) are good washes. Where dry rot results from want of ventilation no cure will be effective short of supplying the necessary air. The best cure is to substitute new timbers for rotten ones, clear away every particle of fungus from adjoining walls and timbers, afterwards apply some of the washes given for the preservation of timber. Coal tar will effect the same purpose, or a weak solution of vitriolic acid with water will generally stop the rot if it has not gone tcofar, and pyroligneous acid is recommended to prevent the spread of dry rot. When lincleum or kamptulicon are fastened down to wood floors dry rot is almost inevitable ; free ventilation under ♦.he boards will prevent it but that is generally impracticable, or when practicable it is difficult to obtain sufficient ventilation. STRENGTH OF TIMBER. The following figures give the transverse strengths of several woods in com- mon use as compared with cast iron. The test piece in each case being a bar I in. square in cross section, one foot long between supports : Breaking weight Weight carried Materials. in pounds. with safety. Hickory (seasoned). 270 90 White oak 240 80 Ash (seasoned) 175 55 Chesnut n 170 .54 * Yellow pine n 150 • , 50 White pine w 135 45 Cast iron 5781 1927 CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. 129 :eys used to y should be '.nd a third vantage be on the left ade in two ht so as to »f the beam s should be tonding ex- r bolts, but [htened up. TABLE OF LUMBER MEASURE. jood ver.ti- :oal tar are water (an a lb. to a )m want of air. The ;ry particle the washes rpose, or a ■ it has not ead of dry 5 dry rot is )ut that is I sufficient s m com- eing a bar A table of lumber measure is convenient to have when making bills of quan- tities. In the table here ^iven the length of the timber is set off in the upper line ranging from 12 to 30 ft., and the size is mdicated in the left hand column. Thus a stick 6x6 in. and 26 ft. long contains 78 ft., board measure. Size in inches 2x3 2x4 2x6 2x8 2x10 2x12 2x14 3x4 3x6 3x8 3x10 3x12 3x14 4x4 4x6 4x8 4x10 4x12 6x6 6x8 6x10 6x12 8x8 8x10 8x13 10x10 10x12 12x12 12x14 14x14 12 6 8 12 16 20 24 2S 12 18 24 30 36 42 16 24 32 40 48 36 48 60 72 64 80 96 100 120 144 168 196 H 7 9 14 19 23 28 33 14 21 28 35 42 49 19 28 37 47 56 42 56 70 84 75 93 112 117 140 168 196 229 16 8 II 16 21 27 32 37 16 24 32 40 48 56 21 32 43 53 64 48 64 80 96 85 107 128 133 160 192 224 261 18 9 12 18 24 30 36 42 18 27 36 45 54 63 24 36 48 60 72 54 72 90 108 96 120 144 150 180 216 252 294 20 10 13 20 27 33 40 47 20 30 40 50 60 70 27 40 53 67 80 60 80 ICO 120 107 133 160 167 200 240 280 327 22 II 15 22 29 37 44 51 22 33 44 55 66 77 29 44 59 73 88 66 88 no 132 117 147 176 183 220 264 308 359 24 12 16 24 32 40 48 56 24 36 48 60 72 84 32 48 64 80 96 72 96 120 144 128 160 192 200 240 288 392 26 13 17 26 35 43 52 61 26 39 52 65 78 91 35 52 69 87 104 78 104 130 156 139 173 2Q8 217 260 312 364 425 28 14 19 28 37 47 56 65 28 42 56 70 84 98 37 56 75 93 112 84 112 140 168 149 187 224 233 280 336 392 457 30 15 20 30 40 50 60 70 30 45 60 75 90 105 40 60 80 100 120 90 120 150 180 160 200 240 250 300 360 420 490 I30 CANADIAN contractor's HANIJ-BOOK. STRENGTH OF MATERIALS. Beams decrease in strength much faster than the length is increased ; for in- stance, if a beam of any given size 20 ft. long will sustain a load of 100 lbs. per foot, a beam of the same size 40 ft. long will only sustain 25 lbs. per foot, and that with much more deflection, while the same beam cut down to 10 ft. long would carry 400 lbs. to each foot in length. With posts the ratio of strengths to their lengths differs somewhat with differ- ent proportions, but roughly speaking, posts of sizes in common use diminish in strength as they incre.^se in length in a ratio of about j4 to 2, that is, if a post of a given size and 10 ft. long is capable of supporting 12 tons, one of the same material and size but 20 ft. long will support but 4 tons. The comparative strength of rods sustaining loads by suspension is not materi- ally aftected by their length. A few examples are given as a basis of calculations. A mill has to be constructed 50 ft. wide of three stories each 10 ft. high, centre posts and beams 8 ft. between centres, making beams 25 feet long from posts to walls. To carry safely the ordinary load of 200 lbs. per square foot the beam should be of Southern pine 12x16 with posts m lowest stories, round, 11 inches diameter, or square, 10 inches diameter ; second story posts 9x9 or 10 inches diameter, and in the third story 8x8 or 9 inches diameter to carry roof. A 15 inch I beam 150 lbs. per yard 25 ft. long would be about the same strength as a 12x16 beam. A 6-inch round wrought iron column of >^-inch shell or a 6-inch cast iron column free from flaws, with ^-inch shell would be the same strength as the 10x10 posts, cast iron being stronger in columns than wrought iron, except where they are very slender. Iron will not resist heat so long as wood, wrought iron becoming soft and pliable and cast iron cracking with heat and water. If a brick pier is to carry a load of loxio posts it should be well built, 2 ft. square, or at least 20x24 inches, and it will resist the action of heat longer th m any other of the materials mentioned. A i^ inch rod will safely support by suspension the same amount of floor surface of a single floor as is carried by one of these posts. It the mill is to be used as a warehouse, filled with barrels of flour, the weight shoulu be calculated for 400 lbs. to the square foot, and it would require another row of posts between the centre posts and the wall, thus making the beams about 12 feet between the bearings ; the beams remaining the same size ^nd the posts increased a little, the wood about i inch, the iron ^ inch. BEAMS AND GIRDERS. It is often necessary to decide quickly what sort of beam or girder shall be used across any wide span. To ascertain the required strength estimates mu^t be made of the following : the amount of walling, brick or stone, which the beam will have to carry, the beam being able to support twice as much when the load i^ evenly distributed along its length than when concentrated in the centre. When there is a central pier between windows, the heaviest part will be in the centre and must be allowed for. Allow i cwt. per cubic foot as weight of brick or stone, the share of flooring or roof that the beam will carry either resting on itself or in the wall above. Half the entire weight upon any such floor will be carr'cd as i rr' ased ; for in- loo lbs. per er foot, and lo ft. long t with difier- diminish in , if a post of of the same not materi- :alcuIations. high, centre om posts to 3t the beam d, II inches )r lo inches roof. A [5 strength as :h cast iron ngth as the accept where ng soft and built, 2 fi. longer th m unt of floor 1 the weij^ht lire another the beams >ize ^nd the CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. 131 'er shall be mates must h the beam the load is re. When I the centn^ :k or stone, I itself or in arr'ed as i distributed load upon the beam. Hurst's Handbook gives the following weights per square foot which floors should be calculated to sustain, including the floor itself : Ordinary dwelling houce floors i X cwt. Public buildings, etc i}4 cwt. Warehouses, factories, etc ^ cwt. to 4 cwt. These are high, but they allow for part being moving weights. For the roof- ing 40 lbs. per square foot may ordinarily be allowed, which includes timbers, covering, etc. WEIGHT OF CROWDS. Authorities differ to an extraordinary degree as to the weight of crowds, some giving as a correct weight per square foot as much as four times that piven by others. The lowest calculation (given by Trautwine and Stoney) of 41 lbs. per square foot has been shown by Trautwine himself to be insufficient. Tredgold gives 120 lbs. per square foot, a result obtained by actual experiment with men packed together as closely as possible on a platform of 20 ft. diameter, conducted by Mr. Nash, the architect of Buckingham Palace. Prof. Kernot obtained a re- sult of 143 lbs. per square foot, while Mr. Stonev found by experimenting with 58 men at one time and 76 at another he obtained a weight of 147.4 lbs. per square foot. Therefore, in round figures, from 140 lbs. to 150 lbs. per square foot may be considered the actual weight of a crowd oi stationary human beings, but tor bridges or any place where the crowd is tnovins[ ^ greater weight must be allowed for in addition to calculations for the resistance to strains caused by movement. Mr. Kidder (Boston, 1885) states that for dwelling houses it is not necessary to allow for more than 40 lbs. per square foot, and in most cases 80 lbs. per square foot for assemblages of people will be suflficient. He gives the following table of weighs in addition to the weight of the floors : For street bridges for general traffic 80 lbs. per square foot. M floors of dwellings 40 w n II churches, theatres, ball-rooms 80 to 120 m w M schools 80 II II It hay lofts 80 n 11 M storage of grain .... 100 h m M warehouses and general merchandise. .. . 250 w , u II factories 100 to 400 " n Special calculations should be made for weights of particular loads on floors. Wooden floors for dwellings weigh per sq. ft. (on the aver ) 17 to 22 lbs. Wooden floors for public buildings 25 lbs. (S 132 CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. USES OF RESIN. There are many useful purposes to which resin can be applied outside those of general practise. As a non-conductor of heat it is used as a protector of water pipes, particularly in the crossing of bridges, where the pipe is laid in a long box and the whole filled with melted resin. Resin is also used in support- ing basement floors in machine shops which may be laid over some dry ma- terial, as spent moulding sand, which is carefully levelled off and the plankinj^ laid upon temporary supports separating it about 2 inches above the sand. Numerous holes about 2 inches in diam. being bored through these planks, melted resin is forced through them by means of funnels until the whole space is solidly filled and then the upper flooring is laid upon these planks. In case the floor is subjected to shocks sufficient to break the resin it rapidly joins to- gether again in much the same manner as the relegation of ice. Resin is also used to form water proof paper for use in butcher's shops, fish markets, and also for building purposes, and strange to say, this improvement reduces the cost of the paper. AH methods of applying resin in solution after the paper is finished adds heavily to its cost, and also renders it very brittle ; but if the resin is dis- solved in potash and mixed with the pulp in the beatmg engine and this alkali afterwards treated with alum, it becomes neutralized wnd washed away, leaving the finely diffused resin throughout the whole mass. It is also used for pro- tecting '.he coarser manufactured products, such as agricultural implements, againsv :dst, by mixing it with a solution of benzine. This is applied as a var- nish, and the benzine rapidly dries away leaving a coat which protects the ma- terial until it goes to the severe service of actual use. LIGHTNING.CONDUCTORS. The immunity of private houses from injury by lightning, when unfurnished with regular conductors is much marked, and it is said to be due to the fact of the metal work on the roofs being connected with the eaves troughs and down pipes whereby no doubt the electric fluid finds a conductor and so is dispersed in the drain. In planning the roof covering it is as well to bear ^his in mind and to ai range for a continuation of metal whereby w ,'hout going to the expense of a regu- lar copper conductor, a conductor m^^ be f or.ned with the material that has to be used. '■:', PANTILES. A curved tile about 13)4 inches long, 7 inches wide, ^ inch thick, rather more than half the weight of plain tiling, less secure in rough weather. To find the number of pantiles of the above dimensions to cover a roof, the weathering being 10 inches, multiply the area in superficial feet by 1.80. To f.nd the weight in tons, multiply the area in superficial feet by .00377. IP- ■» PUTTY FOR REPAIRING BROKEN WALLS. Equal parts of whiting and plaster of paris walls may be coloured immediately after the application of putty. Whiting and size is not a good mixture, as it rises above the surface of the walls and shows patches. Lime must not be used as it destroys colour. CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. 133 utside those protector of is laid in a in support- ne dry ma- le plankinjj e the sand. ese planks, •hole space s. In case ly joins lo- ;sin is also :ts, and also the cost of IS finished esin is dis- this alkali ay, leaviiii; id for pro- mplements, d as a var- :ts the ma- WSOUaST ISOK WELDED TUB^S. For Steam, Gas, on Watki^. X to 1 Jnch, inclusive. Butt-Wjelded, Ttfited to 300 Iba. per tq. i.ich«> Hyttraulle PreiBur*. l)i inch knd upwardt, Lap- Welded. Tested to 000 Ibi. per iq. inch. Hydraulic Fresiure. 1 is »5S as 1^ .a 'S'S ^1 -I ,1 H .40 .27 .54 27 (M2 C .64 .36 ■.-12 18 .1^8 fz .87 .49 M 18 ,1W6 ■i 84 .(a .80 14 Ml \\ i.(a .82 1.12 14 1 1.31 1.04 1.67 i!;^ .8495 "iH 1.66 1J!8 2.25 1.4W7 iS 1.90 1.61 2.69 lil 2 2.37 2.m 8.60 S.3^9 '■i)i 2.87 2.46 5.77. 8 4.7529 n^ BM 3.06 7.54 8 7.3529 sv 4.00 3.54 9.05 8 9.8423 4 ■4..% 4.02 10.72 8 12.(1924 ^X «.0J 4.50 12.40 8 15.9043 A^ p.66 Im 14.56 8 10.9504 6 6.62 6.(16 18.77 8 2H.8426 7 7.62 7.02 23. •ll 8 .•«.7048 8 8. w< 'in. 0.78.-. 1.227 1.767 2.405 3. 142 3.97(i 4.9.19 .5.940 7.060 8.296 9.621 11045 12.366 1^.904 1 1 9.035 128.274 fc-5 Lbs. 0.7 0.9 1.1'5 J. 66 1.96 2.2a 2.75 3.04 3.33 3.95 4.27 4.59 5.32 6.01 7.i2 9.34 Hule for Strength of t'jiUnder UoiU) I. .S:»tenJlle strength of the Iron. 7*= thickness ot plate, in inches. .fic= diameter of shell, in inches. /?=« bursting pressure. Then P=ii^x2, and T^^^ ^- . D 5X2 Working strhin allowed by U. S. laws for s|nf(Ie-ifivete(? boilers' 1-6, and for double- riveted bolleis 1-5 the bursting pressure. i infurnished : fact of the down pipes sed in the i and to ai- e of a regu- liat has to ather more find the ;ring being weight in imediately , as it rises used as it FORMULAE FOR CAST AND WROUGHT IRON PILLARS. These formulae are intended to apply to pillars with flat ends, of any length and any form of section. w = breaking load in lbs. per square inch. w -z~=»safe load for cast iron. w =safe load for wrought iron, t 1 = length of pillar in inches. h = exterior diameter of round, or least fixterior dimension in inches if otherwise shaped. f =a co-efficient of the material in respect to compression, a =a co-efficient of the material in respect to flexure. '36.000 for wrought iron. 80.000 for cast iron -.for wrought iron. a =-( 4500 I .400 for cast iron. w = 36.000 I+- 4500 [l] i + a [i) = -< 80.000 1+- 400 1-J For wrou/jht iron. For cast iron. 134 CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. RULES FOR OBTAINING APPROXIMATE WEIGHT OF WROUGHT IRON. For round bars. — Multiply the square of the diameter in inches by the length in feet and that product by 2.6. The product will be the weight in lbs., nearly. For square and flat bars. — Multiply the area of the end of the bar in inches by the length in feet and that by 3.32. The product will be the weight in lbs., nearly. Wrought iron usually assumed: Specific gravities : I cubic foot =480 lbs. Cast iron average 7.2 1 I sq. foot I in. thick . . = 40 lbs. Wrought iron n 7.28 a bar i in. sq., i ft. long =3>^ lbs. Cast steel n 7.85 H I yd. long = 10 lbs. Bessemer steel w 7.86 Shrinkage in castings : Pipes = >^ in. m I ft. Zinc = /16 in. in i foot. Girders, beams, etc =)iini5ins. Lead = w w Thin brass = >^ in. in 9 5ns. Copper = /16 i» Thick brass .....= ir 10 ins. Tm = X »» TO REMOVE RUST FROM STEEL.—^ oz. cyanide of potassium, \ oz. castilc soa^i, i oz. whiting and water, to make a paste. Brush the rusted parts with this compound. TO PRESERVE STEEL FROM RUST.— i caoutchouc, 16 turpentine ; dissolve with a gentle heat, and add 8 parts boiled oil. Mix by bringing them to a temperature of 212° Fahr., and lay on with a brush. TABLE SHOWING WEIGHT SUSTAINED WITH SAFETY BY A COLUMN OF CAST IRON. Length or height in feet. 1 8 ID 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Diameter WEIGHT IN CWTS 1. in inches. H 91 77 65 55 47 40 34 29 25 3 >45 128 III 97 84 73 64 56 49 3i 214 191 172 156 •35 119 106 94 83 4. 288 266 242 220 195 178 160 144 130 4 379 354 327 301 275 251 229 208 189 s 479 452 427 394 36s 337 3»o 285 262 6 573 550 525 497 4f>9 440 4'3 386 3<'ki I 989 959 924 887 848 808 765 725 686 1289 1 259 1224 118S 1 1 42 1097 1052 1005 959 9 1672 1640 1603 1561 i5'5 1467 1416 1364 1311 io 2077 2045 2007 1964 1916 1865 181T 1755 1697 11 2520 2490 2450 2410 235« 2305 3248 2189 3127 J2 3020 3970 2930 2900 zhyj 2780 2730 2670 2600 HT IRON. the length bs., nearly, r in inches ght in lbs., age 7.21 7.28 7.85 7.86 I foot. M II sium, ^ 02. Listed parts CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. 135 STRENGTH OF STRUCTURAL IRON AND STEEL. The greatest strength of cast iron is resistance to crushing, hence it is appli cable for columns. Its strength as a girder is greater than wrought iron, but its comparatively brittle character makes it inapplicable for this purpose, where it would be subject to jarring. Its most important element is probably its stiffness. In general cast iron should be used wherever its strength can be made so far in excess of any strain that can be put upon it that there is no necessity of ap- plying calculations to determine the strength. The only exception to this is its use in columns supporting a perfectly dead load. Wrought iron is strongest under tension, not so strong as a girder, and weak- est under compression. Its extreme be^^veen the strongest and the weakest is not so great as in cast iron, consequently it may be used in any position, but its strength and stiffness under compression are so much less than cast ' on that except for special reasons it is not used in compression. Wrought steel may be said in general to have the same characteristics as wrought iron slightly exaggerated, and is therefore suitable for the same pur- poses. Its use is recommended in place of wrought iron where extra strength is required without increase of size. Cast steel, except those grades for tools, has the same characteristics as cast iron, but is stronger in every way and not so brittle. urpentine ; ging them BY A 24 ? 25 b 49 \ 83 \ 130 i 189 262 ) 360 - 686 959 [ 13" 1697 2127 2600 A PLAN FOR CUTTING IRON RAILS. An ingenious method is followed in some (ierman steel works to secure rails of exactly the same length. During the process of catting it often happens that even with the same gauge one rail will be longer than the others owing to the different heat at which they enter the saws. Those which were the hottest when cut are shortes; when cold, having contracted more than the othcis after cutting. In the German mills the workmen look at the heated rail through a dark glass, so tinted that when the metal has cooled to a certain temperature the rails can- not hi seen at all, A dark blue or orange yellow glass will make a red hot rail invisible. It may be consiilered a fact that any two rails looked at through the same pair of glasses will disappear at the same temperature. If every rail is al- lowed to cool until it is just invisible through a certain pair of glasses all will be of the same temperature and their lengths will be the same. EXAMINING IRON CASTINGS. Strike the edges with a light hammer. If the blow makes a slight impression the iron is probably of j^ood quality provided it be uniform throughout. If frag- ments fly off and no sens '>le indentation is maile, the iron is hard and biittle. Air bubbles are a common and dangerous source of weakness. They should be searched for by tapping the casting all over with a hammer. Bubbles or flaws filled in with sand cause :i dulncss in the sojind which leads to their detection. The exterior surface of the metal should be smooth and clear, and edges sharp and perfect. The surface of a fracture should be of a uniform bluish grey color and high metallic lustre. t36 CANADIAN CONTRACTOR'S HAND-BOOK. K I: NOTES CONCERNING THE SPECIFICATIONS OF QUALITY FOR IRON. The tensile strength of iron is properly determined by ascertaining the load un- der which permanent set takes place, and the amount of stretch under the proof load, rather than from the ultimate load that causes the fracture of the bar. In other words, the elastic limit rather than the breakmg stram should be regarded as the measure of quality in a bar, and working loads should be proportioned with reference to the elastic limit instead of to the so-called ultimate strength. Tough, sinewy iron is what is required in a tension bar, and although a hard. unyielding iron may show greater ultimate strength under a gradually applied strain, yet it is not suitable for use under tension for the reason that a sudden shock may cause it to snap under a weight that it ought to carry with entire safety. Good bar iron should be of uniform character and possess a limit of elastici- ty of not less than 25,000 pounds per square inch. The ultimate resistance of prepared test-bars having a sectional area of about one square inch for a length of 10 inches should be no*: less than 50,000 pounds per square inch when the test-bars have been prepai-d from full-sized bars having iiot more than 4 square inches of sectional area. For each additional square inch of full-sized bar are.-i above 4 square inches a reduction of 500 pounds per square inch may be alicw- ed down to a minimum ultimatt resistance of 46,000 pounds. The amount o( stretch under the breaking load should be not less than 15 per cent, in 10 inches of the test-bar. Bars that are to be used in tension should stand, without cracking, a coal bend ing test to 90 degrees to a cuvature the radius of which is about the thickness ol the bar under test, and at lea.-t one-third of the lot should stand bending to 180 degrees under the same conditions. A round bar, one inch in diameter, should bend double, cold, without signs of fracture. A square bar of the same quality may show cracks on the edges under sucha test. Under a breaking pull the reduction of area should be not less than 25 per cent, of the original section. The shape of a bar has much influence in determining the breaking-strain. The ultimate strength of round bars is, for this reason, considerably greater thi>n thr.i of flat bars, but in either case ♦he elastic limit will be found to occur at about the same point for equally good qualities of iron. Within the elastic lim.it the extension of iron may, for all practical purposes, be stated as follows: Wrought iron, one ten-thousandth of its length per ton per square inch. Cast iron, one five-thousandth of its length per ton per sc^uare inch. The compression of wrought iron within the limits of elasticity follows the same law, and the amount of shortening under pressu e will be in direct propor- tion to the weight applied. But with cast iron the amount of compression does not follow a constant ratio, the compression per ton becoming greater with the increase of the weight. Thus, a cast iron bar, one square inch in section was compressed one fifty nine-hundredths of its length by a load of one ton; but un- der a load ot 17 tons, instead of being compressed seventeen fifty-nine-hun- dredths, it was compressed twenty fifty-nine-hundredths. The Modulus of Elasticity is a term used to designate such a weight as would extei.d a bar through a space equal to its original length, supposing the elasticity of the bar to be perfect. Or, the modulus of elasticity of any given material w^fcet is the height in feet of a column of this material, the weight of which would extend a bar of any determinate length through a space equal to this length. Thus, if one ton extends an inch bar of wrought iron one ten- thousandth of its length, it is evident that, upon the supposition that the bar is pel onl elJ to I loJ S8HPpK»i'>-i'*^' CANADIAN CONTRACTOR'S HAND-BOOK. 137 OR IRON. he load n.n- ;r the proof le bar. In e regarded roportioned strength. ugh a hard, Uy applied ta sudden vith entire of elastici- sistance of )r a length I'hen the in 4 square d bar rirp.'i be alicw- amount ol 10 inches coal bend lirkness ol ing to 180 ut signs of iges under lan 25 per ing- strain. eater thi«n occur at purposes, inch, nth. •Hows the :t propor- >ion does with the tion was ; but un- line-hun- vei^trht as stng the »y given vcight of equal to )ne ten- ! bar is perfectly elastic, 10,000 tons would extend it to twice its original length. Hence, on this assumption, 10,000 tons, or 22,400,000 pounds, will be the modulus of elasticity of the wrought iron stated in weight. Rut an inch bar of wrought iron to weigh 22,400,000 pounds, at 3>^ pounds per foot, would be 6,720,000 feet long, and this would express the modulus of elasticity \nfeet. The modulus of elasticity will of course, vary according to the character of the material tested, being much higher in the better than it is in the lower grades of iron, but it forms a very useful and convenient standard of compari- son in determining quality. THE WAY PORTLAND CEMENT IS MADE. Portland cement is an artificial product, chemically proportioned by the prop- er selection of the material entering into its composition. These whether chalk or clay, as in England, marl or clay as in Germany, or h>draulic limestones, ar m this country, are in every case reduced to the finest powder by either wet os dry grinding, and this powder moistened merely in the dry process, or in the form of paste in the wet process, becomes practically, either by drying in large tanks or by being moulded into bricks, eggs, or other form, a new stone, into which all the elements are brought in close contact and are in perfect chemical proportion. The artificially made new stone, burnt, as it is, at high heat in close kilns, has every element chemically active, and the clinker represents practical- ly, when properly proportioned chemically, a composition of bi-basic silicate of lime and aluminate of lime. This ground clinkei is the Portland cement of com- merce, a fixed uniform product, sold under a warranty of its strengtfi and firm- ness, and depends upon the controllable eliments of skillful manufacture for its character and uniformity. PRESERVING STONE. Alout a year ago I watched with great interest the operation of the workmen ^^ » Hiilding devoted to the manufacture of candy in this city. The building V. ., h' ck, and the men were engaged in holding litile charcoal furnaces about a for. uare against the outside walls. They went over every square fool of this building --and it was five stories high by about seventy-five feet deep — holding the glowing coals against the brick sides. My curiosity on the subject was I somewhat aroused, and upon inquiry I found that it was a new process for pre- serving brick and making it impervious to the storms of wintei. Now I find that the same process is being used on obelisk, and that these little charcoal furnaces are burning the sides of Cleop'tra's Needle from the base to the apex. This famous stone, that has stood the storms of centuries in Egypt, was begin- ing to succumb to the curious climate of the United States, ai.d fears were en- tertained that a few more winters would make serious inroads upon it; but some- oiie suggested burning It with paratTine, and it is now being done. The heat is so intense that it is burned in for a full inch; then when the stone cools again it is as hard as adamant. — New York Letter, Soapstone incorporated with oil, after the manner cf a paint, Is said to be superior to any kind of paint as a preservation. Soapstone is to be had in an exceedingly fine powder, mixes readily with prepared oils for paint use, covers well surfaces of iron, stcc!, or stone, and is an cfTectual remedy against rust. It has been known to protect some stonework, such as obelisks, in China for .iges past. '38- CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. Hints for Plasterers THE MAKING OF MORTAR. THE making of mortar, comprehends the slacking of lime and the mixture of ingredients worked up with it. As we have already seen, both the former process and the nature of the latter differ, according to the nature of the lime to be dealt with. It is, however, an universal rule, in contradiction to the slovenly practice of some builders, that all limes, of what nature soever, should be re- duced to a paste before being mixed with the other ingredients. People who have not studied the actions of the hydrates in a scientific and consecutive man- ner, oppose the introduction of the previous manipulation of the lime on the score of the extra expense, and on the pretence that the lime loses in strength thereby. As to the objection of the expense, that must of course be estimated by the importance of the work. The second objection is to be met by observ- ing that the rich limes require to be for a long time exposed to the air to enable them to take up the carbonic acid gas, and that, therefore, so far from losing, they gam by exposure; and, moreover, the hydraulic limes being very diflficult to slack It is necessary that all their particles should be put in contact with the water. If the lime be not previously reduced into the state of a perfect hydrate, it is always exposed to blister, and to disintegrate, in a manner depending upon the comminution of its particles before being employed; for it is evident that if the lime be ground, the more inactive particles are in a more favorable condi- tion for the absorption of the water. The degree of consistence of this paste should vary with the nature of the extraneous matter. It should be stiff when- ever it h intended to form a guage for substances whose particles are hard and palpable, and which are capable of preserving sensible distances from one an- other. It should be more liquid when the substances to be mixed with it are pulverulent, of impalpable and fine grains, presenting an homogeneous appear- ance, and in which it is impossible to distinguish the separate elements, such as the puozzolanos, &c. To secure a proper stale of the hydrate, it is of very great importance, however, not to use too much water in slacking the lime. So much should be used, and only so much, as is necessary to cause the quicklime to fall to powder. It is also equally important not to mix up into the state of paste more lime than is immediately required to be used; for although, upon '-"cing re- worked, the hydrates, which begin to carbonite, give off the water they had rendered latent, as ii 'vere, yet a portion of their force must be lost by their doing so in proportion to the degree of advancement of the process. In France, whenever great care is required in the fabrication of the mortars, the lime is worked up into a paste in a mill, consisting of two vertical stones working in a trough. The lime, after going through this operation, is then mingled with the sand in a pug-mill or by hand, upon a floor. If the dimensions of the con structions should be such as to justify the expense, it should be made a necet CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. 139 mixture of he former lime to be slovenly uld be re- ople who itive man- me on the strength estimated y observ- to enable m losing, Jifficult to with the t hydrate, iing upon nt that a Ic condi- his paste iflf when- hard and one an- th It are i appear- , such as 2ry great So much le to fall of paste ■•eing re- ley had by their France, : lime is ig in a filh the ht con necet sary condition that mechanical means be employed, for even with the greatest possible care the mixture by hand is never perfectly effected. The quantities of sand to be used vary, as might be expected, according to the nature of the limes, and also of this sand. Within certain limits, if they do not gain by the mixture, at least their effect is not sensibly diminished. Thus we find that, for the rich limes, the resistance is rather increased if the sand be in the proportions vary- ing from 50 to 240 per cent of the paste measured in bulk in the state of a firm paste. Beyond that point the resistance decreases. The resistance of hydraul- ic limes increases, if the sand be mixed in the proportion of 50 to 180 per cent of the paste; from thence it decreases. The much greater proportion of sand the rich limes are able to support, may perhaps account for the partiality of the builders in their favor. If it be required to mix common lime and puozzolanos, the best proportions according to General Treussart, are i of lime in po vder to 2 of trass; or i of lime to i of sand, and i of puozzolano or trass. The best hy- draulic linaes, as we have seen, lose much of their qualities if long exposed to the air; it is therefore advisable to work them only for the time absolutely nec- essary to ensure, firstly, their perfect reduction to the state of hydrates; and sec- ondly, the intimate mixture of the lime and sand. The rich limes, however, as we have before said, inasmuch as they absorb the carbonic acid gas with diffi- culty, gain by being exposed for a longer period to the contact of the atmos- phere. As far ab such a proceeding is consistent with economy, it is advisable then, to protract the operation of their manipulation as much as possible; it is even advisable to work up large quantities of such mortar beforehand, which are subsequently rendered fit for use by a second manipulation. Some of Vicate's experiments show that all limes lose two- fifths of their strength if mixed with too much water. It js then better to wet the material to be used, and to em- ploy a stiff mortar than to follow the course usually adopted by masons and bricklayers of using very fluid soft mortar. The system of grouting is more than questionable in its results; the lime suspended in it is nearly destroyed, the extra quantity of water is but an addition to the difficulties of setting oppos- ed to the mortar already in place. There are conditions of the atmospheric state which affect the goodness of the mortars, about whose actions the best authori- ties are not decided. For instance those made in summer are always worse than those made in winter. It has been supposed by some that this fact is ac- counted for by the too rapid desication of the mortar; and Vicate even asserts that they lose four-fifths of their strength if allowed to dry very rapidly. He recom- mends, in consequence, that the masonry be watered during the summer months, in all constructions of importance, to guard against this danger. Probably the the hydrates are not in a favorable condition to absorb the carbonic acid gas, if they be allowed to dry rapidly; the presence of the water being necessary for the combination of the lime and the carbon. The ii -^nm of the water from carbonic ac»d gas in solution is also a necessary conditio^ *" the successful use of the hydrai'lic limes. Their success depends, in fact, upon .he slow gradual manner in which they take up that gas from the atmosphere, and crystallized about the nuc'aei offered to their actions. Some engineers prescribe that the water should be deprived of such impurities by boiling, and although the pre- caution be ra'.her exaggerated, it is certainly of a useful tendency. As the lime reduced into a paste does not fill up the voids of the materials it is mixed with, there is necessarily a very considerable diminution of bulk upon the Quantities of the respective substances taken separately. The exact amount of this dim- inution varies of course with the limes or sands employed; but as a general rule it may be taken as about three-fourths of their collective volumes. To state this in a convenient formula; is a = the bulk of the lime, b = the bulk of the sand; then ( a-l-b ) x 0.75 = the bulk of the mortar they will produce The T40 CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. position in which a mortar of any description is to be used, also modifies the proportions of sand which it is desirable to mix with it. Under ground, in the water, and m damp positions, less is and should b: employed than in the open air, where it is exposed to the changes of the atmosphere. It is often a matter of importance to know the power of resistance of mortars, but, as they differ within a very large range, it is p-ot easy to state it very precisely. The best ex- periments, however, show that we may safely calculate for all practical purposes upon a resistance of 14 lbs. avordupois per inch superficial, to a force acting in a direction to tear asunder — an effort of longitudinal traction — of 42 lbs. to a crushing force; and of sH lbs. per inch sup?rfic.J to a force tending to make the particles slide upon one another. It would not be safe to expose new v/orks to greater efforts than those which could be classed under the above heads. Plastering is always measured by the square yard for all plain work, and by the foot superficial for all cornices of plain members, and by foot lineal for en- riched or carved mouldings in cornices. By plain work is meant straight surfaces (like ordinary walls and ceilings,) without regard to the stvle or quality of finish put upon the job. Any panneled work, whether on walls or ceilings, run with a mould, would be rated by the foot superhcial. Dififerent methods of valueing plastering find favor in different portions of the country. The following general rules are believed to be equitable and just to all parties ; Rule I. — Measure on all walls and ceilings the surface actually plastered, without deducting an/ grounds, or any openings of less extent than seven super- ficial yards. Rule 2.— Returns of chimney breasts, pilasters, and all strips of plastering, less than 12 in. ir widih, measure as 12 inches wide ; and where the plastering is finished down upon the washboard surbase or v/ainscoting, add 6 inches to height of wall?. Rule 3. — In closets, add one-half to the measurement ; or if shelves are put up before plai.ering, charge double measurement. Raking ceilings and soffits of stairs, add one-half to the measurement. Circular or elliptical work, charge two prices ; domes or groined ceilings, three prices. Rule 4. — For each 12 feet interior work is done further from the ground than the first 12 feet, add five per cent. For outside work, add one per cent, for each foot the work is done, above the first 20 feet. Rule 5. — R'Mind corners measure per foot linoal extra. Arrisses (other than ( himney b-easts) measure per foot lineal. All joinings o( nezv plastering to old measure liaeal by i ft. in width extra. This does not apply to patching or repairing, which should be done at an agreed price. Kx\y funinir or strati^^htenine^ oi ']Ci\si or studding to be charged for by day's time, but the owner or main contractor should be notified of the necessity ol such work before it is done by the plasterer, or at his expense. AMOUNT OK MATERIALS RKclUIRED FOR PLASTEKINCl lOO SQUARE YARDS (average), "two coat" or "coat AND SKIM " WURK. Sand, ordinary work 40 cubic ft Lime, " " with common sand 6 bushels. Hair, Ji in. wide, nailed }i in. apart 1440 Nails, 3rd fine, studding or joist 16 in. apart 10 lbs. Nails, 3rd fine, studding or joist 12 in. apart 12 lbs. nodifies the Jnd, in the n the open n a matter they differ he best ex- al purposes e acting in 42 lbs. to g to make new works heads. rk. and by leal for en- 1 ceilings,) y panneled by the foot ions of the and just to plastered, tven super- plastermg, plastering • inches to 5s are put and soffits k, charge >und than t. for each ther than ing to old tching or by day's cessily ol : YARDS ft s. i |jf|fSS^i'Us%«:«*'M^AW'»^s.«r-«s*<«»^^ 1 CANADIAN contractor's HAND-KOOK. 141 Hints for Painters and Decorators. PAINTING is measured by the superficial yard, girting every part of the work that is covered by paint, and allowingan ad ''tion to the actual surface for <.he difficulty of covering deep quirks or mouldings, carved or enriched surfaces, as in iron railings, and for " cutting in " as in sash and shelving, or where there is a change of color on same work. Allowances are frequently made for distance from the ground, as in cornices, balconies, dormers, etc. Charges are usually made for each coat of paint put on, at a certain price per yard sup. and per coat. Graming and Marbling (imitations of wood and stone,) are classed differently, and rated at different prices from plain work ; and so also with Varnishing. The following Rules of Measurement, which are based upon, and a fair aver- age of those in use in many sections of the country, are suggested as being equitable and just to both employer and employed, and a reliable standard of valuation. Rule I. — All surfaces less than 6 inches wide, or girt, to be measured as 6 inches ; and over 6 inches and under 12 inches, to be measured as 12 inches ; over 12 inches, to be taken sup. nett. Rule 2. — All openings to be deducted natt, and all jambs and reveals to be measured as per Rule i. Rule 3. — Window sash, when there are more than two lights, to be measured square (as if solid.) Two, and single-light sash to be measured as per Rule i. Rule 4. — In measuring doors, panneled shutters, and plain pannel work, girt in and out of pannels both ways and add one edge to each side of door or shut- ter. Measure sash-doors solid. For batten doors, girt over battens for height ; and if beaded, add l inch in width for each bead. Rule 5. — Measure Venetian blinds or shutters as if square plain pannels, and add one hundred per cent, for labor of working in *he slats, etc. Rule 6. — Measure all architraves, casings, jamos, base, cornices, and similar moulded work, by girting every part of the work covered ; and in carved or en- riched work add per ft. sup. nett for amount of such work. Girt dentil work twice. Rjle 7. — For consoles, modillions, brackets, cantilevers, ornamental iron work, balusters, lattice work, and paling or balustrade fences, girt in each di- rection, and add one hundred per cent, to prices of plain work. Rule 8. — All " picked out " work to be /alued by the measurer according to amount of labor performed ; and all work not specified in preceding Rules to be rated at an average of rates for other work. Rule q. — For "knotting," puttying and cleaning off each coat with sand-paper, add five per cent, to prices of plain work (not graining or marbling). For cut- ting down with pumice-stone and water, add ten per cent. more. Rule 10. — For all work done above \e\r\ of ground, if interior work, add five per cent, for each story of 12 feet or less, above first story. For exterior work, CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. add one per cent, for each fbot of height above the first '2 feet. For exterior walls, take half the whole heis:ht as the average height. Rule II. — For change of colors on pannel work, cornices, washboard, etc., add one-fifth for each tint employee. On paling or picket fences, if the tops are painted different colors from the rest of the fence, add six inches to height of fence. ABOUT PAPER HANGING. "An eight or ten inch bristle smoothing brush, a six to eight inch paste brush, a fourteen to sixteen inch pair of shears, a paper knife, seam roller, plumb-bob, chalk line, paste pail, size kettle, paper boards, trestles and step-ladder, these are the necessary tools for general work, though it is necess.iry to save time and trouble to have besides these tools a good sized kalsomine hmsh and a double width putty knife. Tiie next we need to proceed with is a bucket of paste. Use flour paste, ex- cept on very rare occasions when the tints are very delicate. The best patent flour is the most adhesive, and retains its consistency much better than starcii. Take a common patent pail and put in one-half gallon of flour. Stir in enough cold water to mix a flour batter ; work out all the lumps thoroughly ; have ready three gallons of absolutely boiling water, and stir this until you have enough to cook it. Now pour a little cold water over the top to prevent skin- ning over until you are ready to use it. You can thm it down at pleasure. If the paper put on is not a metallic ground put in four or five ounces of alum in the paste. This will prevent its turning sour and hasten drying. Should the paper be metallic, use a little carbolic acid in place of alum, as alum is liable to turn gilt dark. If the room you are going to paper is a har finish, and not very badly smoked up, all that is necessary to prepare the walls is to brush them with a broom. Should they be smoked and dirty, it is best to go over them with a weak solution of glue and alum. If the walls have been papered before it is necessary to go ov2r them again with a putty knife and cut the old paper off", pull out all nails, and with some plaster of Paris mixed with paste heal all the bad places. If the walls have been whitewashed, doctor them with a strong solution of vinegar. Having the walls ready, lay a roll of paper on the boards, and with your straight-edge, which should be s/x feet long, measure the height to where the border will come and about an inch below the baseboards, and cut the strips off". Match the next strip to the to^i of the previous one and cut enough strips to cover the room. To ascertain the number of strips required, take a roll of paper and count the number around the room. Now turn the paper over if you have trimmed it ; put the trimmed edges towards you and pull the first over, so that it covers the other strips. This is to prevent the paste from forming on the trimmed edge and making bad work. Some paper-hangers never trim the paper till after it is pasted. This pro- cedure has some good features and some bad ones, which we will not discuss here. Beginners will find it better to have the paper trimmed beforehand. Commence at one end of the room and hang the slips as nearly perpendicular as you can. Always brush the paper from the centre down and at either side. If you have wrinkles in the paper pull it off to where the wrinkle is and brush it out from the centre. Run the shears along the paper at the top of baseboards, and cut off" nice and even. Never allow the paper to look haggled or ur- ven around the base, and cut it close down, but no! overlapping. When you come to an opening let the paper overlap, and trim with the paptr JtP®mft)«i«fs^i<^?WKv x-r-^N:#.'«t* wxT. r exterior )ard, etc., e tops are height of ste brush, umb-bob, der, these time and a double Jaste, ex- Bst patent an starcij. Stir in oroughly ; you have 'ent skin- isure. s of alum hould the > liable to y smoked I a broom, k solution sary to go t all nails, ;es. )lution of and with to where the strips gh strips :ount the nmed it ; )vers the ed edge 'his pro- : discuss orehand. ndicular If you sh it out ds, and i around e paptr CANADIAN CONTRACTOR'S HAND-BOOK. »43 kn:r. as you work a saw. You will next need short strips, but do not run them beyond the opening unless the piece cut out of the other side will fill up the opposite ; rather lap back again to be sure of a perfect match. When you come to a corner, never lap the paper around it unless the space is very narrow. Fold up the strips at boLh ends measure the distance with your ruled shears, lay the straight-edge on the paper, mark the distance just a little beyond the corner, and cut. In this manner you will always have corners that will be square and stay in position. Use the same roller, and roll the seams nicely as you go. Cut the border in such lengths as can be easily reached to put on, paste and double up at both ends, so that the lines meet, exactly and cut." USEFUL INFORMATION. A gallon of water (U. S. Standard) weighs 8>^ pounds and contains 231 cubic inches. A cubic foot of water weighs 62^^ pounds, and contains 1,728 cubic inches, or TYz gallons. Each nominal horse-power of boilers requires one cubic foot of water per hour. In calculating horse-power of boilers, consider for tubular or flue boilers 15 square feet of heating surface, equivalent to one horse-power. Condensing engines require 20 to 25 gallons of water to condense the steam evaporated from one gallon of water. To find the pressure in pounds per square inch of a column of water, multiply the height of the column in feet by .434. (Approximately, every foot elevation is called equal to one-half pound pressure per square inch.) To find the capacity of a cylinder in gallons. Multiplying the area in inches by the length in stroke in inches will give the total number of cubic inches ; divide this amount by 231 (which is the cubical contents of a gallon in inches), and the product is the capacity in gallons. Ordinary speed to run pumps is 100 feet of piston per minute. To find quantity of water elevated in one minute running at 100 feet of piston per minute. Square the diameter of water cylinder in inches and multiply by 4. Example : capacity of a five-inch cylinder is desired : the square of the diameter (5 inches) is 25, which, multiplied by 4, gives 100, wliich is gallons per minute, (approximately). To find the diameter of a pump cylinder to move a given quantity of water per minute (100 feet of piston being the speed), divide the number of gallons by 4, then extract the square root, and the result will be the diameter in inches. To find the velocity in feet per minute necessary to discharge a given volume of water in a given time, multiply thfj number of cubic feet of water by 144 and divide the product by the area of th«» pipe in inches. To find the area of a required pipe, the volume and velocity of water being given, multiply the number of cubic feet of water by 144, and divide the product by the velocity in feet per minute. The area being found, it is easy to get the diameter of pipe necessary. The area of the steam piston, multiplied by the steam pressure, gives the total amount o< pressure exerted. The area of the water piston, multiplied by the pressure of water per square inch gives the resistance. A margin must be made between the power and resistance, to move the pistons at the required speed ; usually reckoned at about 50 per ceut. 1: 144 CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. PIGMENTS. PIGMENTS AFFECTED BY EXPOSURE TO LIGHT AND THE NORMAL ATMOSPHERE. Red — Pure scarlet, carmine, crimson lake, scarlet lake, Indian lake, dragons blood. Yellow — King's yellow, citron yellow, stronian yellow, yellow lake, Italian pink, gamboge, extract of gamboge, gallstone, Indian yellow. Green — Chrome green, Hooker's green, Prussian green, sap green. Blue — Prussian blue, Antwerp blue, cyanine blue, indigo, intense blue. Purple — Purple lake, burnt carmine, burnt lake, violet carmine, Indian purple. Brown— Bone brown. CiTRTNE— Brown pink. Olive — Olive lake, olive green. Gray — Neutral tint, Payne's gray. PIGMENTS affected BY AN ATMOSPHERE CONTAINING SULPHURETTED HYDROGEN. White — Flake white, creoinitz, blanc d'argent. Red — Pure scarlet, red chrome. Orange — Orange chrome. Yellow — Deep chrome yellow, pale chrome yellow, Naples yellow. Green — Chrome green, emerald green, malachite gieen, verdigris. Blue — Cerulean blue, cobalt blue, smalt, cyanine blue. Purple — Indian purple. PIGMENTS WHICH SUFFER CHANGE BY ADMIXTURE WITH WHITE LEAD AND OTHER LEAD COMPOUNDS. Red — Pure scarlet, carmine, crimson lake, madder carmine, rose madder, scarlet lake, pink madder, madder lake, Indian lake, dragon's blood. Yellow — King's yellow, yellow lake, Italian pink, gamboge, extract of gam- boge, Indian yellow, gallstone. Green — Sap green. Blue — Indigo, intense blue. Purple — Purple lake, burnt carmine, burnt lake, Indian purple, violet carmme. Citrine — Brown pink. Olive — Olive lake, olive green. pigments which are decomposed by admixture with ochres and OTHER ferruginous SUBSTANCES. Red — Pure scarlet, carmine, crimson lake, scarlet lake, madder carmine, rose madder, pink madder, madder lake. Yellow — King's yellow. Green — Emerald green, malachite green, verdigris. Blue — Indigo, intense blue. Purple — Purple lake, burnt carmine, burnt lake, Indian purple, violet carmine. Citrine — Brown pink. Olive— Olive lake, olive green, , ^^awMia CANADL\N contractor's HAND-BOOK. 145 MAL :, dragons e, Italian )lue. c, Indian ETTED PERMANENT PIGMENTS. Pigments which withstand the action of light, of atmospheric oxygen and moisture, of sulphuretted hydrogen, and which may be safely mixed with com- pounds of iron and lead : White — Zinc white, Chinese white, permanent white. Red —The vermilions. Mars red, light red, Venetian red, Indian red, red ochre. Grange — Cadmium orange, Mars orange, burnt sienna, burnt Roman ochre, neutral oran^'^e. Yellow — Aureolin, cadmium yellows, lemon yellows. Mars yellow, raw sienna, yellow ochre, Roman ochre, transparent gold ochre, brown ochre. Green — Oxide of chromium, transparent oxide of chromium, viridian, terre verte, cobalt green. Blue — Genuine ultramarine, artificial ultramarine, new blue, permanent blue. Purple — Purple madder, Mars violet. Brown — Brown madder, Ruben's madder, bistre, Prussian brown, burnt umber, Verona brown, Vandyke brown, Caledonian brown, Cappah brown, asphaltum, Cologne earth, mummy, sepia, warm sepia, Roman sepia. Citrine — Raw umber, Mars brown. Gray — Ultramarine ash, mineral gray. Black — Ivory black, lamp black, blue black, cork black, Indian ink, black lead. \Field's Chromatography.'] LEAD madder, of gam- e, violet AND :armine, :, violet TINTS FOR PAINTING AND DECORATING, WITH THEIR COMPOUNDING PIGMENTS. The following is taken from Painting and Decorating^ with the note that some pigments being so much stronger than others, it is impossible to give the exact quantities of each required. The pigments are, however, mentioned in the order of their importance m the mixture : Shrimp Pink — White lead, Venetian red and burnt sienna. A little pale English vermilion will enhance its richness. Buttercup Yellow — White had, lemon chrome yellow. Spruce Yellow — Frence ochre, white lead, with a small touch of Venetian red. Peacock Blue — Ultramarine blue, extra light chrome green and white lead. Cotrine — White lead, orange chrome yellow and lamp black. Russet — White lead, small quantity of lamp black, orange chrome yellow. Slate — White lead, raw umber, ultramarine blue and a trifle of lamp black. Myrtle — Dark chrome green, ultramare, lightened up with a small quantity of white lead. Mastic— White lead, French ochre, Venetian red, a trifle of lamp black. Turquoise Blue — White lead, cobalt blue, Paris green or extra light chrome green. Xan — White lead, burnt sienna ; add a trifle of lamp black. Mauve — Yellow ochre, Venetian red, lamp black, a little white lead. Salmon — White lead, French ochre, burnt sienna, with a touch of English vermilion (pale). Primrose— White lead, lemon or medium chrome yellow (according to the shade desired). 146 CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. Ecru — White lead, French ochre, burnt sienna, lamp black. This tint varies greatly. It means raw. It is intended to show the tint of raw flax or hempen fabrics. Ashes of Roses — Light Tuscan red, lamp black. Quaker Drab — White lead, French ochre, lamp black and burnt sienna. Leaf Bud — White lead, orange chrome yellow, light chrome green. Dregs of Wine Dark Tuscan red, lamp black, to which add a trifle of white lead. Pompeiian Red — Venetian red. If a richer tone is desired, use half and half American vermilion and Venetian red. Brown Stone — Orange chrome yellow, dark Tuscan red, lamp black ; lighten up to suit with white lead. London Smoke — Yellow ochre, ultramarine blue, lamp black ; lighten up to suit with white lead. Bismarck Brown — Burnt sienna, burnt umber, orange chrome yellow, lightened up with white lead. Amber 3rown — Burnt sienna, orange chrome yellow, burnt umber, lamp black ; lighten up to suit with white lead. Scarlet — Pale English vermilion, or the various scarlet reds, such as the new Idria, etc. PuRPLai Brown — Dark Indian red, ultramarine blue, lamp black ; lighten • with white lead to suit. Yellow Bronze — Lemon or medium chrome yellow, French ochre, a trifle of burnt umber. Crimson — Dark English vermilion or the scarlet reds (deep shades) ; add some carmine, or, better, glaze with it. Emerald Green — Paris green. A good imitation can be had, answering most purposes, with extra light chrome green. Hay Color — White lead, orange chrome yellow, light chrome green, Tuscan or Indian red. Antique Bronze — Orange chrome yellow, ivory black. Gazelle — Dark Tuscan red, Venetian red, lamp black ; lighten up with white lead. Apple Green — White lead, light chrome green, orange chrome yellow. Russian Gray — White lead, ultramarine blue, pale Indian red, lamp black. Golden Brown — French ochre, orange chrome yellow, lamp black ; lighten up to suit with white lead. Gray Green — White lead, ultramarine blue, lemon chrome yellow, lamp black. Electric Blue — Ultramarine blue, white lead, raw sienna. \F. Mairey Substitute for Plaster of Paris. — Best whiting 2 lbs., glue i lb., lin- seed oil I lb. Heat all together and stir thoroughly. Let compound cool, and then lay it on a stone covered with powdered whiting and heat it well till it becomes of a tough and firm consistence ; then put it by for use, covering it with wet cloths to keep it fresh. When wanted for use it must be cut in pieces adapted to the size of the mould, into which it is forced by a screw press. The ornament may be fixed to a wall, picture frame, etc., with glue or white lead. It becomes in time as hard as stone. T^mmmimmmif'iiimmtKmmfmmmfl^iii^ tel'teS*«fe'iH««^ : CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. 147 tint varies r hempen lenna. 1 trifle of f and half p black ; ten up to e yellow, ber, lamp :h as the ighten • e, a trifle ies) ; add inswering n, Tuscan 1 up with How. np black. : ; lighten low, lamp Mat're^ I lb., lin- cool, and t becomes wet cloths ed to the nent may ecomes in HOW TO CLEAN VARIOUS SUBSTANCES, ETC. Brass or Cofiper — i oz. oxalic acid, 6 oz. rotten stone, \ oz. gum arabic finely powdered, add i oz. sweet oil, and water to make a paste. Apply with flannel or wash leather. Bronze — To remove fly specks — Lavender oil, i drachm ; alcohol, i oz.; water, i^ oz. Apply wit.i soft sponge but rub as little as possible. Bronze statuary — Weak soap suds and aqua ammonia. Brushes, paint — Turpentine — press out all particles of color and hang brushes in water, not letting them touch the bottom of the vessel. Engravings — Expose to the fumes of muriatic acid and wash with water. To remove ink spots, apply aqua fortis, diluting application with water as soon as any effect is observed. Dry off with blotting paper and repeat process. Dip in water in which a little potash has been stirred. Floors — {a) Ink stains may be removed by rinsing with strong vinegar. \b) Parafin oil, by applying a strong hot solution of oxalic acid, and scrubbing afterwards. Gilt frames — Soap and witer. Boil common size in water sufncient to cover it, strain through muslin and apply with camel's hair brush. Glass, paint CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. 140 ctly from id Water ige tem- 3 pounds changes ut 0.43 of of about h. This ny thing calcula- er. The COLUMN inch, by is as the ontainin£( weight of is to the if the ves- ngth mul- in cubic Multiply :pth. By ;sses ; for : long by re at the ; top is o, 6 equals a given roots of sel above )f greater ngthened ED IN A 1 inches, E Head head of lereto in imber of N down- ward does so with a velocity in exact proportion to its head. The following table gives the velocity of flow of water due to heads of from one to forty feet :— Velocity in Feet per Second due to Heads of from i to 40 Feet. Head. Velocity. Head. Velocity. Head. Velocity. Head. Velocity. 05 567 10.S 25.98 20.1; 36.31 30.5 44.29 I.O 8.02 1 1.0 26.60 21.0 36.75 31.0 4465 15 9.82 II. 5 27.19 21.5 37.18 31.5 45.01 2.0 »i.34 120 27.78 22.0 37.61 32.0 45-37 2.5 12.68 12.5 28.35 22.5 38.04 32.5 4572 30 13-89 I3-0 28.91 23.0 38.46 33.0 46.67 3-5 15.00 13-5 29.46 235 38.88 33 5 46.42 . 4.0 16.04 14.0 30.00 24.0 39.29 34.0 46.76 4-5 17.01 145 30-54 24-5 39.69 34-5 47.10 50 17.93 15.0 31.06 25.0 40.10 350 47.44 5-5 18.81 15-5 31-57 25-5 40.50 35-5 47.78 6.0 19.64 16.0 32.08 26.0 40.89 36.0 48.12 6.5 20.44 16.5 32.58 26.5 41.28 36-5 48.45 7.0 21.22 17.0 330^ 27.0 41.67 37.0 48.78 ' 7-5 21.96 17.5 33-55 27.5 42.05 37-5 49.11 8.0 22.68 18.0 34.02 28.0 42.44 38.0 49-44 8.5 23-38 18.5 34-49 28.5 42.81 38.5 49.76 «• 9.0 24.06 190 34-96 29.0 43.19 39.0 50.08 9-5 24.72 19-5 3541 29-5 43-56 39 5 5040 1 0.0 25.36 20.0 35.86 30.0 43-92 40.0 50.72 In plumbing-work we cannot secure this velocity in the flow of water througi* pipes, because of the friction which constantly tends to diminish it. The longe» the pipe, the greater the friction and consequent retardation of the flow. To FIND THE Head of Water, when Diameter and Length of Pipe, AND Number of Gallons Discharged per Minute, are Known. — In thr above table the head due to a length of one yard is found opposite the numbei of gallons. Multiply that number by the given length in yards, and we have the required head in feet. Thus, to find the head necessary to deliver 130 gal- lons permmute by a pipe 4 inches in diameter, 500 yards long ; opposite 130 gallons in the table, and under 4 inches in diameter, is 0.679, which, multiplied ^y 500, gives 339.5 feet, the head sought. To Find the Diameter of the Pipe, when Head, Length of Pipe, and the Number of Gallons Discharged per Minute are Known.— Divide the head of water in feet by the length of the pipe in yards, and the number nearest to this in the table opposite the number of gallons will bo fourd under the required diameter. To I INI) the Length, when the Head, Number of Gallons per Min- UTE, AND Diameter OF Pipe are Known. — Divide the given head by the head for one yard, found in the table under the given diameter and opposite the given number of gallons, and the result is the required length. The discharge of small pipes may be calculated with sufficient accuracy foi practical purposes from the following convenient table, showing the quantity of water that will flow through a pipe 500 feet long in 24 hours, with a pressure dut to a head of ten feet : — flinch bore h'-inch ** l|-inch " 576 gallons. 1,150 " 2.040 " )i-'\x\c\\ bore I -inch I X inch 3,200 gallon* 6,624 " iO,OOQ ** m ■' 150 CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. CONTENTS OF EARTHWORK. In estimating the number of cubic yards in an excavation or embankment, the sohd contents of the earth before breaking up is taken or " measured in place," *V^^ *^?"^"^only termed. If measurements are to be taken from a loose heap, a deduction must be made accordmg to the nature of the soil. In ordinary soils It is the usual practice to deduct one-third or one-fourth. Shrinkage of Embankment.— [/=Vtf;« Trautwin^s Handbook:]— "■ Earth- work when first dug and loosely thrown out swells about 1-5 part, so that a cubic yard in place averages about i 1-5 or 1.2 cubic yards when "dug, or i cubic yard dug IS equal 5-6 of a cubic yard in place. When made into an embankment it gradually subsides and settles or shrinks into a less bulk than it occupied before being dug." The following are approximate averages of the shrinkage, or in other wordc, the earth measures in place in a cut will, when made into embankment, occupy a bulk less than before by about the following proportions : Gravel or sand, about 8 per cent., or i in I2>^ less ; clay about 10 per cent., or i in 10 less ; loam about 12 per cent., or i in %yi less ; loose vegetable surface soil, about 15 per cent., or i in 6^' less ; puddled clay about 25 per cent., or i in 4 less. Trautwine further says, from trials of his own, that one cubic yard of any hard rock in place will make from i^ to i^ cubic yards of embankment ; say, on an average, 1.7 cubic yards, or that one cubic yard of rock emkinkment requires .5882 of a cubic yard in place. He found that a solid cubic yard when broken into fragments made about as follows : OF WHICH THERE WERE , ' . CUBIC YARDS. SOLID. VOIDS. In loose heap 1.9 5-»..6% 47.4% Carelessly piled 1.75 57.0% 43.0% Carefully piled 1.6 63.0% 370% Rubble very carelessly srabbled 1.5 67.0% 33 0% Rubble somewhat carefully scabbled 1.25 80.0% 20.0% Excavation is measured by the cubic yard. To ascertain the number of cubic yards of excavation made, take the length and multiply the same by the width and the average height; the result will give the number of cubic feet, which divided by 27. will be the amount in cubic yards. Example : — How many yards of excavation in a cellar 15 feet wide by 18 feet long and 7 feet high ? Answer: 15 times 18 times 7 are i,86c cubic feet ; divided by 27 are 70 cubic yards Trenches and pier holes double measurements are usually allowed. TESTS FOR SI ATE. A German trade journal advocates the following method for testing the quali- ty of ruof slates: The samples of the slate to be tested should be carefully weighed, and then put into boiling water for a quarter of an hour. The water must, however, be fairly free from lime, saltpetre and ammonia. The slates are then reweighed, and those that show the greatest increase of weight arc those most capable of resisting deterioration. Cracks in floors, around the skirting board or other parts of a room, may be neatly and permanently filled by thoroughly soaking newspapers in paste made of one pound of fi)ur, three quarts of water and a tablespounful of alum, thor- oughly boiled and mixed. The mixture will be about as thick as putty, and should be forced into the cracks with a bent knife or other handy tool. When dry it will be harder than the boards. ^^w?p?1 CANADIAN contractor's HAND-BOOK. 151 THE Cahadiah Archiiect and Bdilder A Monthly Journal of Modern Constructive Methods, (With a weekly Intermediate Edition— THE CANADIAN CONTRACT RECORD) PUBI-ISHED ON THE THIRD THURSDAY IN EACH MONTH IN THE INTEREST OF ARCHITECTS, CIVIL AND SANITARY ENGINEERS, PLUMBERS, DECORATORS, BUILDERS, CONTRACTORS, AND MANU- FACTURERS OF AND DEALERS IN BUILDING MATERIALS AND APPLIANCES. C. H. Mortimer, Publisher, Branch Office : Montreal. .... TORONTO, CaNADA. rniCB, $'i.OO PKR YEA It. SAMPLE COPY AND CARD OF ADVERTISING RATES FREE. /Vrchitectural SooKs . . . We handle a lai^e list, treatinj; on Architectural Designing, Planning, Drawing, Details, Construc- tion, Drainage and Ventilation, etc., etc DRAWING PAPER, DRAWING INSTRUMENTS, TRACING LINEN, TRACING PAPER, ETC. T/fF fiF.ST QUALITY AT RF.ASONAHLE PNICFS. We are CANADIAN HEADQUARTERS for the above, and will make Special Discount to our subscribers. WRITE FOR CATALOGUE. The Canadian Architect and Builder, TORONTO, CANADA.