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DESCRIPTION 
 
 OF 
 
 T W N E W SPECIES 
 
 OF 
 
 STRICKLANDINIA. 
 
 HY 
 
 E. BILLINGS, F.CI.S., 
 
 rAI>if.ONrOLO(HSl' ru the tiEDLOOlCAL SC'KVEV Of I.ANAI)\. 
 

Q^l.Maa 1S68 
 
 VolV PI IV 
 
 KS Smxth, djti A. Holhydk Utk- 
 
 Fups L.M ,Stru!kl/77ic/zma VavixLsoni 
 
 Figs2.Z(V,S ., . — SaUeru 
 
 Fw.Q PervWj'nerus ohlangvus. 
 
 WWest imp 
 
PUV 
 
 tot imp 
 
lExtractiid from the GroLoaiOAL Magazine, Vol. V. 
 
 February, 18G8.] 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 I 
 
 DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW SJ^ECreS OF STIIIOK- 
 
 LANDINIA. 
 
 By E. Billings, P.G.S., Paln^ontologiijt to the Geological Survey of Cunada. 
 
 (I'LATE IV.) 
 
 N 'ho "OanaJian Naturalist and Geologist," vol. iv p. 134, 
 fif^^s. 8 (1^.59), I t],^au't'l1 -'i small specimen ut' ii ?>|)eciefl of 
 StrirhliuuJinia under the nonie ot .S. Jens, but, at the samo; time., 
 Ktat^'d Ihat .1 \va.s wot certain whether it was the true S. lots or a 
 varietJ^ It was more pointed in front than any of tlie English 
 specimens f had seea. Jt I'ad Ijoen colleeted in the Middle Silurian 
 rwcks on tin; Island of Antieosti. along with nume'ruui (jiher spcei- 
 mens. most of tliem in a fragnnmtary condition. Aiiiong" thesn I 
 thought th;it S. Urnta could also be identilied ; ajid thus lioth of the 
 Britisli species hoA'e been cited in stiveral of the pui.)[ioaiions of our 
 Survey. 
 
 Thnjugh tlio kindtiess of the author I received, sev<Tal monthm' 
 ago, "I'art 2" of Mr. Davids(Mi'.s "IMonograpli of the lirilish 
 Siluiian Brachicipoda." The clear descriptions arid lieautiful illus- 
 trations of this magniticent work at once enabled me to perceive 
 tliat we have nut (so fir as is yet know)i'i either of the two s]»ecieH 
 above mentioned. What I supposed to bo jS'. liraia, is the adtdt of 
 the form iigured by me as S. lens. The young and small individuals 
 ar',' smooth ; but with increasing size and age they be?ome more and 
 more strongly riblxMl. 
 
 While re-examiuing the whole collection, with a view to this 
 paper, I broke up several pieces of limestone, whif^h were almost 
 entirely ri)mposed of the iniperf(-ct and detached v.tlves of another 
 S['Ocies, and succeeded in getting out several specimetis, sidTiciently 
 perfect to authorize a description. We have thus two new species ; 
 and, as the errm- with regard to .S'. Jirota and S. h;m has Yyevn 
 transferi'ed from my publications into He\eral imjtortant English 
 works, it is thought advisable to describe them in the OEiix.ooiOAjj 
 Magazink at once, wdthout waiting for my next report, which cannot 
 be issued for several months. 
 
 StricHandiitia DavidHonii, sp. n. — Plate IV. Figs. 1 -lof. 
 
 Spue, Char. — Shtll longitu'liiially ovnte ; sicips anil nanlinal extrotnity rounded; 
 front ufsii.illy with a liiijfuit'orni extcnsidii about one-third of tlie whoif width, and of 
 variablfi length, sometimes simply narrowed from the mid-Ungth to a roiiiuted point; 
 greatest width about the middle, or a little above. The valves are almost equally 
 convex. The ventral vaWe has, in young indiyiduals, an obscure mesial sinus, which 
 
4 E. BlUmija — Nero Specks of StricklanJinia, 
 
 beooincB obsolete m\h \\3,e. ; fowanlR tlio fmiit this Hinin often Jgivew pla^e to n well- 
 (li'\('lt.|H'(lfnl(l. S.iine iif the liirt^i: iinliviilnal.^ lirivH imitticT fi l(i nor hiiiun in this 
 vahu. Tiic dorsal vuIvh u.siiiilly cxJuhits n f'olil, whirl, bcainuH ;^ra(luiill\ hro;iiicr 
 tioni thfc l)o;tk tf) the trurit, \vh(:rf its wiiltli w equal ti' tli.it oi tltti l'>n(;uc-like 
 |ii()ieetiiiu. Iti'.' (uiihfines und bi iiks* uro so slightly developed u-^ to ^ive only u very 
 moiierati anpiidation to tlic eardinul extremity. I'ho bia^c-line is ihoiit one-third 
 or one-t'oiirth ol the wljolt; width, and thti areas are, in general, eoin.cakd by tho 
 (hise apiiiOKirnatiini id the beaks \\\hm the valve-^ are i?i plai.v'; but in sepaiated 
 valve* the vonlr.tl area is will t-een that ol "lie dursa] \ah' is linear. In the 
 intorioi- of tho ventral valvo tho mesial septum extends only (<;ur linen tVem ttin ii< ak 
 in a ijieeimen thirtv lines in lonjr'h ; tic lii.ingu! ir ehainher it :ip]>a;(.ntly two lines 
 in length. In tie' dorsal valve tin; socket plates an. very .short, and not united . ihty 
 have, as yet, only bei ii -een bv !,'rin(linj^ (Town the beak. The small hpe<.iRiens are 
 smooth, or only exhibit faint in<)ications t f ribs ; bnt as tho shell iiiere-ases in size 
 the ribs bedirm,- stronger, dth.ajgb in i-omc of ti e larger (a.-in tiie one tigiired) they 
 are not very ili-tinet. In iriniral theie are throe i»r four ribs runninii.': stiaitrbt from 
 the beak to the t'rort ; but on eaeh side ot these thev (airve outwaids to ihe sides, 
 Tho ribs are rounded, ami there are from throe to live in tlie width of three liiu;s .it 
 tin; maiBfin. There are also fine coneentrie wrinkles, not, howive'r. alway- visible. 
 
 Lengtli of largo indi\idu.'Us, three inches; widtii. vuyini,' iroui neaih e((Ual to 
 one-tit>Ii los.s than the lengtli. They occur c '^ all sizes fiom a length of three- 
 frurths of an wvh to three inches. 
 
 068. — StricldaiiiUnia Davidioiiii (lifior^j from S. leas, in being :n »re 
 naiTowod in front, iiioro stvoiiglj' rildiod, ouil in luiviii^ tho area 
 conoe.-ilc'il vshen the two valves are in their aatiiriil |.iosition. N<'t- 
 witlistiindiufi; the variahhi form of tlie shell, tlKn't! are none, in a 
 ciilliicti"n of nearly a. huudrotl speeiinens, that c(in]d be eoti»jidered 
 H{H'(ifie;;dly identical witli any oi those t.'.f;'m-<:'d hy Mr. T>u>'\dsoii in 
 the " Moiie>gvaph."' pi. xix, lij>-s. ] 1-21. Hut thtMV is a dorsal A'alve 
 from the \i!i>j,ara limestont^ of Cabot's Head, [-ako Ilnron, exeeedingly 
 like fig. 13. It i.s, however, quite distinct fioui S. Davkhonii, and I 
 think from iS. h'us also, 
 
 A.s before stated the large individuals often have tho ribs strongly 
 d'^\eloped, and curved out to the sielevs. They thus closely resemble 
 the figure of S. llrnto in " Sil. Syst.," ph xxii. tig. (>. Indeed I 
 could very nearly re-produce that figure from some of our broken 
 .speeinKms. It i^! these that I thought couJd be identified with 
 S. lirata. Tho smnll smooth ones I supposed to bo .S', h-ns ; hut, 
 after seeing Mr. .r'avidson's figures, I r(^-e.\iniuned the wliole col- 
 lection, and found that thei'O is a gradual passage from tho smootli 
 to the strongly ribbed. The specimen figmvHl ffigs. 1-1 r) is ;ibout 
 as perfect as a fossil can be, arid is a good esamplo of an intermodiatt' 
 form. 
 
 Position and lotaltty. — lliis species occurs at a number of locaHties 
 nround the coast of the Island of Anticosti, from Jupiter river to 
 Eiist I*oint. It is most aliundant at South-west Point, where the 
 spiH.imen figured was collected. It is associated vith Styophomenn 
 rhomhoidalis, S. perten, S. antiqaata, Lej^tama trmisrersnliH. Orihif> 
 Dniidsont, Pentan. -us oblonyus, Spiri/era pUcatd/a, heptocmlia 
 (Atrypa) hemispherica, Atrypa reticularis, and many ethers, mostly 
 new species. Tiio rocks belong to the Anticosti group, division 3, 
 a horizon which is very nearly, if not exactly, that of the Upper 
 Llandovery rocks. It also abounds on the mainland at the Schick- 
 
A". JJUlinys — JV^vf Species of Stncklandmia, 5 
 
 Hrli(H;k moiintitiiis, '>i) tli«« houili sitlc of tlio St. Lawrenoe aboiii 2A0 
 miles tNistcrly tnmx QucbfA;. I Lave novo; soon a spociuitn I'lom 
 any othor part >)f Aiuoruja, 
 
 Stricklnndtrtia Salti'.rti. h\> u. — Plato IV. Figfi. 2-2i. 
 
 Sptc. <:/inr. — Shell iMUHviTsely oval ; width i^ruiiUT than the length; Hitles and 
 fiMiit Uf>iiiil!y riiuiuh'd, hut often wiHi un olmcure liiiwuit'crm extension Ilinjre-line 
 nearly us wide us the shell, striiiKht and a little Hlopiiig on eiieh side of the beaks. 
 Hoth valvijs ire gently and niiifornily convex. The ventral valve lia» often a harely 
 jKTct ptilile mesial «''■■'; the nmho small, the lank not ineurvfd ; the area very 
 narrow, seanely • 'ng the thicknesh of the shell , the foramen (as (*een in 
 
 detuclied frajirniMV .;.'ular and ojieu to the he-ulx ; tin sraull ehaniher ot the beak 
 
 almost exadly hk .,it of S. Iwvis, and <S'. mU riHamerus, as ligiired by Sowerby, 
 M'Coy, and l.tii^idson. The dorsal valve "nmetinn's giv.s indieations eif an ohseure 
 nii'siai fold; but, in ge'neval, it i" uniformly convex. 1 have not seiai the area of 
 this valve, but it ninnt be. linear the're is no umbo, [surface with several eoneentric 
 imbrications of growth, and with very niirrow obscure ril.'s, three or four in two 
 lines, (.mving uutwaids to the side.s, and some of them upwards to the hinge-liiie. 
 These are also erossed by iiin eoiicenfrict wrinkit--. \V'hen tht; specinujns arc 
 fjiffhtly (Afiiliat«'d all the snrt'aee-chiiraetirs disappear. 
 
 Length iif tin- largest 8])eeime'n .■'een, twenty-tive lirniS ; grcat(st. width of the 
 san)e, at about the nuii-length, thirty-three liuo.-^. Some of tho specimens indicate a 
 greater ]»roportioaa! length, 
 
 O/.'s.- 'I'liOTc; is no either known ^p(■cie8 witli wliicli tliiH noed bt) 
 coniparod ex(.o]it 8. Itv.viK, Sow(,'r})y, as described by M'Coy, iinde-r 
 the narno oi' Pi'ntam*rm microc.iirturns {\\r\t. V'A. Foss., ji. 210). 
 The width of that species, in pro|.ortion to tlio hingth, is stated to 
 bo an iit'ty-Kve is to one buiuhod. whereas in this it is, on an average, 
 about (;iglity to one huinlred. Tliis great (b'ttVrenee in pr(»])cirtions 
 rarely occurs in tho same species. ]Vloss)',s. Davidson and Salter are 
 of opinion tliat M'fJoy's P. microcamcrus is identical with S. lm». 
 Be that as it may, tlic figuto of S. hjufh, given by SoAve.rby in 
 •' Sil. Hyst.," pi. xxi. tig. L'l, seems to be distinct from S. Aws. and 
 also frnju S. Salterii. He says (Op cit., p. 038j, •' Somieirciilar, 
 compressed, smooth , a slight cleviition along tho middle , beaks 
 rather promin(;nt, the area bet\voet\ thetn nairow, with parallel 
 edges. .Length, eight lines ; width, twice as nmcli." Th.3 words 
 " elevation along tho middle " could only apply to the dorsal valves 
 of S. lens and S. /(erin, in neither of wdiich can the dorsal foramen 
 be seen, when viewed in the position in whicli Sowerliy's specimen 
 is drawn, as it is in the iignro cited TIukS ligure, however, always 
 appears to me to exhibit a sinus rather tluin a fcdd, in Avhich case it 
 would be a A'entral vtdve;. .liidging from Mr. Davidsons figures, I 
 should say that the upper part vf the vetitral valve o( S. fi'n,^ must 
 be of a very di.GFerent tVtrm from that <.»f the specimen represented 
 by Sowerby. 
 
 Position and hcaiiiij. — Slricl'Iandinia SaiU'rii occurs at Heath 
 Point and Cormorant Point, Anticosti, in the Anticosti group, 
 division 3== to the Upper Llande>verv rocks. 
 
 Besides these two species tli<ire is a form with the ribs straight, 
 which may possibly be a vari«!ty of »S. Davidmnii. It occurs at 
 Anticosti in the same beds with the others. 
 
 In describing Stricklandinia 1 unfortunately stated that " 'Hiis 
 
6 
 
 E. BUUms — New Species of Strkklandbda. 
 
 gonvis inch.ul(!s tJu-eo l'^i\t;lKsLL species, wliioli liavc Ih-ch lonjj known 
 under ibe names of Pt'.nlamvrus le.m, P. I! rains. ;uui ./'. Ifcvis,'' J waw 
 jiwaro that the P. {(Pvia of J. 8(.>w*'rhy was the young of P. Dhlonijwi, 
 aii'I supposed (iiat the namo had (jeeoitie ohsolete as to its first 
 application. In that cmm? Spirifiraf heriK, ,1. do 0. Sowerby, which 
 \vas a true renlamf:rus, as thogeiuih was tlicii understood, l)eeame 
 r. bnh. That this is <he on'- 1. had in view may he seen by the 
 remark -piotrd. from my Pah F'iss... p. 84, by Mr. hiavidson in liis 
 " Monograph,'' p. 158. Tlio sentence is irregular; but it was iu- 
 tt'iidi'd to reail thus, "The liingr-line in so)nc of the spt-eie^, such as 
 in iS. lavis and «S. micrucaimnis, is straight and much (Ateuded."' 
 ''I^liis eouM not possibly api.ly to the original P. / vis, wliich has no 
 iiinge-line at all: but it does apply to tlie ligure of Spirifi'ta ? h^iis 
 aliovc cited. There is not the .sliglitest trace of ;iny el' the generic 
 characters of iStr><'k!ai'(i(niii. in J, iSovorl.'y'.s lignre of P. litvis. and 
 it is impossible that 1 could biive intended t() include it in my g\ nus. 
 Si'AV'ral years bet'jre 1 propi>.sed Sftirl-Jaudhiia 1 was under the 
 impression that P. lei'ls was the young of F. (M(>v<ihh iVom crim- 
 paring onr own specimens, one of which i have tigured ( l''ig. 'A) ; 
 and ill ISoH 1 was informed, I tlti^ik by Mr. Salter, thai it was so 
 regarded ir; Engl-nid. 
 
 EXl'LAN.M'ION OF 1M..\TE TV, 
 
 Fitj. 1, — Sfri(HnniJliiiii Ijiirihtivn^ vtiilral v;ilv(, ; \a, dnrsai valve; I''', lardinii} 
 (:\tii!mity ; \i\ side view; \il, (.nidiiial view of a jnuill spetaniop, A\:th 
 'h nks j^rouiid oti' to ^Kdw llu; ('hiimbiT ninl septa. 
 
 Fig. 2. ■..■■rk-ki'nidhiia i^oJier'J., veiitrul vaUe. t!i.: liulit-liiitcil CMidiiiul aii.irk' ro- 
 ^tor' il. 2a, vvntiiil Viilve, botli fanlinal anglis rcstDrcd. 
 
 Fig. W, — Young' i-.f Pnifanurm ohlutujus, from the Xiaa'arn Hnu'Stoiii'. at; Oocklnirn 
 J.-^iand, Lako Huron. Wlu'ii I road the \y\\MX on StrKklamUnin in 
 iMiinli, 1859, I exhibited to the Natuial Ili.stdry Society of Montifil 
 !i irpt'cimcu )u.st like tliis, mily ii litllo li)i!>'i'r, in onU'v to sliow tl?c; 
 ditt\.reiicc tietwci'ii rfotninrinx and SfrkklaDdinin. — E. B, 
 
 »TEJ>HBN ATIST3K, VRiyTEH, HEHTFOBD. 
 
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