CIHM Microfiche (ly/lonographs) ICMH Collection de microfiches (monographies) Canadian Inatltut. for Historical IVIieroreproduction. / Institut Canadian da microraproduction. hiatoriq ues (C^'iOOA I r Thi! Cec 10) r riques Technical and Bibliographic Notes / Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur I I Covers damaged/ Couverture endommagee Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture '^estauree et/ou pelliculee Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque Coloured maps/ Cartes geographiques en couleur n n n Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. attre que bleue ou noire) Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material/ Relie avec d'autres documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La reliure serree peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distorsion le long de la marge interieure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajoutees lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela etait possible, ces pages n'ont pas ete filmees. Additional comments:/ Commentaires supplementaires: This Item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est f ilme au taux de reduction mdique ci-dessous ^" 14X ,8x L'Institut a microfilme le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a ete possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-«tre uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite. ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la methode normale de f ilmage sont indiques ci-dessous. □ Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur □ Pages damaged/ Pages endommagees □ Pages restored and/or laminated/ Pages restaurees et/ou pelliculees E Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ Pages decolorees, tachetees ou piquees □ Pages detached/ Pages detachees 0Showth rough/ Transparence □ Quality of print varies/ Qualite inegale de I'imp □ Con Pagii pression tinuous pagination/ Pagination continue □ Includes index(es)/ Comprend un (des) index Title on header taken from:/ Le titre de l'en-t§te provient: □ Title page of issue Page de titre de la □ Caption of issue/ Titre de depart de la li D livraison vraison Masthead/ Generique (periodiques) de la livraison 7 r 12X 16X 20X i-S.--. 26 X 30X 1 t 1 24 X i TO w 32 X The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: D.B. Weldon Library University of Western Ontario L'exemplaire filmi fut leproduit grdce d la g6n6rosit6 de: D.B. Weldon Library University of Western Onurio The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. Les images suivantes ont it6 reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et de la nettetA de l'exemplaire film^, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol -^ (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"). whichever applies. Maps, plates, charts, etc.. may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprimis sont filmis en commengant par le premier plat et an terminant soit par la dernidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second plat, salon le cas. Tous le& autres exemplaires originaux sont filmte en commenpant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la derniire page qui comporte ui:4 telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole — «^ sigriifie "A SUIVRE ", le symbols V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmis d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour etre reproduit en un seul clichd, il est filmd d partir de I'angle supirieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m""'»i"i«iti,, ^i fn what way dof-^ if ; • , A- rt i>oi.so„/,.rbioo''i:;! '*''''''' *^t''iia. "^^^<^^» "IS nerves and hisj d«?e .£mC:i':f '"'^ '^"'"^ ^"'^'^■^ t''-^- -ill p,.„. and cider. ■^' '"'"' ^"" '-^nd brand j., beer, win. LESSON n. Q- is the alcohol in .II n ■ ' the same ? " "'" ^^^ mtoxicating d.-inks A- It is the same h„t ^u sor..e thai! in other" ^^'^ '' "^O''*' of it in Q Why do f ''^ '* *** *"• A. Suite,-! "-it? serves and weake;^ their TnJscirr''^ '"P"'^ ^f^^'' ir A. Q. :ia(l( orH A. Itroy Q. A. Q. A. lystei pon Q. •oisoi A. liseas Q. leased A. have 1 Q. mean A. Q. persoi A. tain n Q. A. Q. 6 A. It is not. '' but may \M ^^' ^^ ^^^'"'. ^*' ^^^^*' ^'''^^'^ ^^'^"^ whitli alrohol is cluce it Jiade is noui'ishiii;,^ why is not t]w alcohol also ^althofmanF^'''^'^^'^- ■ A. Because the nourishing properties ai'e de- ? (troyed by fermentation. Q. What have we learned that alcohol is ? th ? ■ A. A poison. ves and h'M ^' ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ wliat a poison is? I A. It is any substance which, ti^ken' into the lat will proJy^^^"^' produces an injurious or* unnatural effect ■ipon one or more of the organs of the body. beer, winel ^^' ^^^^ ^^ ^^ known that alcohol acts as a )()ison ? A. By different organs of the body 1 eeoming liseased in persons who drink it. Q. How do we know that they do become dic- ing drinks i'^'^'^ ^ A. By the testimony of learned medical men who have made experiments. Q. When we speak of drinking alcohol, do we any wa 2 M^^^^^^^ ^^^^ people drink pure aicohol ? ^ ■ ■ A. No. Q. What do we mean, then, when we speak of persons drinking alcohol ? A. We mean that they swallow drinks that con- tain more or less of alcohol. Q. Is cider a poison ? A. It is to the extent of the alcohol it contains. Q. What is cider 'l e of it i in ^is, when air their 6 A. It i, the expressed juice of apples Q- P^-deralvvays contain aSd? A. It does, after fenuentation has bt'.un I ? T ""'"' ^'"''^ f«'-mentation heg1l% Q- Will cider tUtiSLtV""'^ ''^ '^^P--'- -^. It Will. at Si T"" ''" "^'^ ■^'''*' ™'« '« not to drink cide.| A. Yes. abst inSdSi^^eS'; ^^^^'''^ ^^'^^ - «'-"' nor\ dM^k^S^r ;i.t::r' -r'^i*" -- «-•■ ther stumbleth, o; 10^^,7^ ^'•''■"^'^ ''^>' ^'^^''l . Q. Mention 'si \l:f^;;j?^ - made weak." ' juiceof whichisintoxicatl.r''^ *''^ ^^'■'"-'*-' 4p::tt:nr;ruL:\'^^^^ A. kSiigar. LESSON in. Q Who first looked into the h see the effects of alcohol there ? A. Dr. Beaumont. Q- Wlio was Dr. Beaumont ? uman Htoniach to BS. •ill? % iiiiniedi s expressed. drink cider I A. Dr. Beaumont was an American army sur- geon on the Canadian frontier about the year [822. •^ Q. How did he look into a stomach ? A. He looked into the stomach of Alexis St. plartin through an opening in his side and stomach. Q. What made this opening ? A. The accidental dischai-ge of a gun. Q. Was it a permanent opening ? A. It was. Q How long was it in healing ? A. It took two years to heal and get entirely well. Q. If it was healed how could ic have been per- manently open ? A. The edges of tho wound healed without com- ing together, and left an opening so that you could look right into St. Martin's stomach. Q. How, then, were the contents of the stomach kept in ? A By wearing a pad over the opening. Q. Then by giving alcohol to St. Martin, and then looking into his stomach through this opening, you could see some of the effects that alcohol pro- duced there ? A. Yes. Q. Did Dr. Beaumont give St. Martin alcohol ? A. He introduced various kinds of alcoholic drinks into his stomach at different times. Q. Did he examine its effects through the open- ing ? 8 , "^^ What dicJ T)r p- hoHn that way? ^^^^^'-ont discover from aJco -•^ -dlSrCttr ITtf "" ^■'*" '— d heat n.atio„,*'^'^^--<^>eation of the danger of i„fl,,. ^- It is. » «S,r r ^s «^«« «.„, .„,,. «, When alcohol ^, ,„„' • • "'» stomach, ""food, what h.ppc,;;,""'^ '''™ " »'»8W.i,h «»„^eHcStP««;^?:„ff-"-p"-«** '"to St. Mart n s, stomach through the opening, and after digestion was thoroughly under way he would n troduce some alcohol, when the digestion would Q. Since St. Martin's time, have other persons had openings in their stomach and been experi mented upon in the same way ? ^ suit". ^^"""^ ^^^''' '"''^ ^^"^^y^ ^^* *''e «a™e re- Q. Can you mention any other experiments 1 A. Young puppies of the same size and age have had pieces of beef forced down their throats, arid after time for digestion to be well under way alco hoi was introduced into the stomach of one, through a ube, when after live hours both puppies we're killed, and the one having no alcohol had entiVely hafufard" """P "^T '''' '^'^^ ^'^'^ the alcoho'^ stomtJii ' ''''^'^^'^'^ ?'«*=« "f tl'e beef in his Q. What was the effect of the long-continued use of alcohol in St. Martin's stomach ? ._ ^^^^ ^^^^. j.yj,„g ^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^- Were those sores painful ? A. Not at all. Q. Did they ever heal ? 10 A. Ttiey did after the alcohol was no longer used. Q. While using alcoholic drinks, did St. Martin have any unpleasant or bad feelings ? A. He was weak, and often sick at the stomach. Q. Can any one use any of the intoxicating drinks for a length of time and keep a healthy stomach ? A. He cannot. Q. When the stomach has red and purple spots or blotches in it, do they appear in any other place ^ A. They almost always appear on the face and nose, looking almost exactly like those in the stomach. Q. When you see upon a drunkard's face red spots or blotches, what is a fair presumption as to the condition of his stomach ? A. That his stomach is in the same condition. LEhiSON Y Q. What common illustration do we have to prove that alcohol retards digestion ? A. Drunkards who drink for two or three days without eating, sometimes become sick at the stomach, v/hen food that was eaten tw^o or three days before is vomited, and is found to be undi- gested. f 11 Q. Can you mention some other disease in drinkers ? A. Cancer of the stomach is not uncommon. Q. Do people die of cancer in the stomach from drinking ? A. Such cases have often been seen by physicians. Q. What can you tell us of the liver ? A. The liver often becomes greatly enlarged in drinkers Q. How does it become enlarged by drinking ? A By great accumulations of fat in it and on it. Q. What is it called ? A. It is called "gin liver." Q How much does it sometimes increase ? A. A healt^iy liver weighs from three to four •pounds, a "gin liver" often weighs eight, and sometimes ten, and even twelve pounds. Q. Are those cases confined to confirmed drunk- ards ? A. They are not, but quite as often are found in moderate drinkers. Q What about the lungs 1 A The lungs of drinkers are often diseased Q How? A. Sometimes by fatty deposits in and around them, and sometimes by little hard deposits, called tul)ercles. Q. Do people ever die of these diseases from drink? A. They do, very many of them. 12 from dHnksT '^'''^''''' '^""^^ '^^'^'' ^'^''''' '^^'^'"^^'"^ A The kidneys, the spleen, the heart and blood vessels, and even the muscles. Q Can you mention any others ? distse^d^' ^'^''" ^"""^ ^^' ''''^'' ^'" frequently Q. How can any one prevent alcohol from pro- ducmg those diseases in them ? kir^ ^^ '^®''®'* ^^^^^^^ intoxicating liquors of any Q. \^ hat i» best for man to drink ? A Pure water. Q. Who gives it to us ? A. God. LESSON VI. Q. What is the only drink that will quench thirst^ A. Water. ^* wu^'' '^a ^^^^ "^^^'^^ ^^"^^^^' ''''^^^ ^«r instance, quench thirst ? ' A. Because they contain water . Q. Does alcohol quench thirst ? A. It does not, but increases it. Q. How does alcohol increase or produce thirst ? A. By absorbing some of the moisture of the parts of the bodv wi>,h whir^h if ^^^ : x . 4' l^oes alcohol nourish the body ? A. It does not. Q. Why does it not nourish the body ? A. Because it is not food, and has no nourishino- properties. "" ^ Q. Does alcohol build up the body, or streni^then it in any way 1 A. It does not. Q. Why does it not strengthen ? A. Because it can never be assimilated or form a part of the body. Q. What, then, becomes of it ? A It goes into the blood vessels, and mixes with the blood, and circulates with it to every part of the body. "^ ^ Q. What is its general* effect ? A. It irritates and poisons every point it touches just as it does the stomach. Q. Does it have any bad effect upon the blood ? A. It does. Q. In what way does it injure the blood ? A. It hardens the albumen in it. Q. Wliat is albumen ? A. It is one of the principal parts of the blood. C^. What IS albumen like ? A. It is like the white of an egg, which is albu- men. Q. In what way does alcohol harden the albumen^ A. By absorbing the water from it. Q. Is there much water in albumen ? A. There is. Q. Why does alcohol absorb water ? A. Because it has a stromr affinity or likinsj for 14 water, and always absorbs it when thev come to- LESSOJSr VII. aff?cteT?'''^ ''^^'' ^'''^' ""^ ^^' ^^^^^ ^"^ ''''''^^'^y veLlI^^ ''^''''''' *^^^ '^"'' alongside the blood alc^iion''''' '^"^ ^^'^ ''^'^^' ^""^^ '^^^'' poisoned by them '^^'^^^''''^ ^'^^ threads with knots tied in Q. How do they look in health 1 A. They look like threads without knots. W' vV hat are those knots ? n ' w^^^ """^^ ^'^^^^ hardened lumps of albumen. A nn^ .^ ''^^''^'' "^"^^"^^ ^^ injured in the same way ? A. Ihe brain. *^ ' Q. How much albumen is there in the blood the ners^es and the brain ? . ' A Each contains about forty parts in every hundred. -^ ^^Q.^Do otlier organs of the body contain albu- A. Many of them do, but in less quantities. <^. W lien alcohol meets albumen in those organs, does It have the same hardening effect ? A. It does. Q. When a man drinks alcohol, how does ajiv ^t It get to the brain ? 15 ;ome to- rn ilarly ■ blood lied by iied in umen. ! way ? blood. A. It *: absorbed by tlie veins and becomes mingled with the blood, and is circulated with it to the l)rain and to every part of the body. Q. In what other way does it get into the blood ? A. By mingling with the food and being taken up with it by the vessels of the l)ody. Q Has alcohol ever been found in the brain of a drunkard after death ? A. It has very many times. Q. How did they know it was alcohol ? A. Sometimes by the odor; and it has been found so strong that when touched with a lighted taper it burned in a little blue flame. Q. What other appearance of alcoholic poison- ing does the brain of a drunkard present ? A. The blood vessels are irritated and congested, and the brain presents a reddish appearance. Q. What is the result of this irritation ? A. It often produces disease of the brain, head- ache, loss of sleep, and sometimes delirium tremens. every albu- LE8S0N VIII. s. gans, ; ;uiy Q. Does the use of alcohol affect the mind 'i A. It does. Q. In what way ? A. It stupifies the brain and produces forgetful ness. Q. How can we know this ? 16 A. By the diifereiice in the appearance of per- sons when under the influence of intoxicating drinks, and when they are sober. Q. Does it require a large amount to produce that effect ? A. Not always. Frequently small quantities will inake a man appear almost like an idiot, and sometimes like a wild man. Q. What is the effect of a larger amount 1 A. When it does not stupify it sometimes makes a man crazy. Q. Can you mention other bad effects of alcohol on the brain and mind ? A. It makes men quarrel, fight, steal and murder. Q. What proportions of the crimes in this coun- try are commited in consequence of strong drink ? A. About four-fifths. Q. Why do children sometimes have a strong r'lppetite for intoxicating drinks ? A. Because their fathers or mothers were drunk- ards. Q. Do children sometimes inherit the desire to drink from drunken parents ? A They do, in many instances. Q What is one of the greatest calamities that can befall a person ? A. It is to have an imperfect or diseased mind. Q. What is the mind ? Q. Can you define the mind in any other way ? 17 A. It is the spirit or soul, wliicli elevates man above the brutes. Q. Is it safe for any one to drink intoxicating drinks occasionally *? A It is not safe to drink them at all. Q. Why not ? A. Because it creates a desire to chink, and weakens not only the body, but the mind. Q Then what follows ? A. The person drinks more and more till he becomes a drunkard. Q How can all these terrible results be avoided ? A. By never using as a beverage a drop of any kind of wine, beer, or cider, or any other kind of alcoholic drinks. LESSON IX. Q. Into how many classes are liquors divided ? A. Into tw^o, fermented and distilled. Q. What are fermented liquors 1 A. Those made by the fermentation of anything which contains sugar. Q. Mention some of them ? A. Wine, beer, cider, ale, and porter, Q. What are distilled liquors '? A., xiiuhu tiiab arc uuLU/iiiuu nv/iii Lue .->team oi boiling fermented liquors. Q. How is the steam caught or confined ? 18 A By a pipe fasteiuid t(. tli(. cover of tlie vess.-l tl.roush which the .stean. rnu.st pass ' ' ^ ^^■^^ w that steam converted i.ito a liquid ? A tl"'P'i'"l'assing,,uite a .listauce through I ve.ssel ,,* colli water. " .^ ^(^ What effect does th.^ cold water hav e upon along it iscon.lensed and becomes a li.,uid' a.^ain and runs out of the pipe ' " ' Q V\ hat is that li<|ui(I called ? A. It is called distilled liquor. Q. Will you name some of the distilled linuors ? A Whisky, rum, gin, and brandy. ' covtecU '■" '"''" ''" '^'^*"'^*'"" of ^l'--"!'-! tcom(. disHllpln;*''*' *'''''' ""P''««^i"" among them that distilled liquors were a cure for all diseases. vail ? " '^''^ *'^** ignorant impression pre- A For hundreds of years Q What classes of people were thus deceived? A. All classes— the high and low, M>. : :.h an J the poor. .n ,i and has cursed the world ever since. Ct If) LE880N V Q. Under wlial ^^cneial name arc b< er, ale and porter known? A. Under tlie name of malt li(|Uor.s. Q. What is malt 1 A Malt is grain soaked in warm water until it sprouts, then roasted or dried, and from it lieer is made. Q. Is there also a spirit distilled from malt ? A. There is, and it is called malt spiiifc Q. What grain is generally used ? A. Barley Q. What is the process of heer-Uiaking called ? A. It is called hrewiiiir. Q. What is the building in win h it is made called ? A. It is calked a brewery. Q. \^ liy is barley soaked and spi-ouied for mak- ing beer? A. For the purpose of separating the starch from the grain, and converting it into a forii of sugar. Q. What is the sugar thus formed called ? A. It is called glucose. Q W hy is that change required ? A. Because the sugar must be set f r e to pro- uui- tiiC aicoiiujic beer. Q After the barley is sprouted and dried, what is done 1 I ^0 I A Yt"^ '"* ^^""^ "'l^'fl called ? I A 'bweetwort." ma?h ?^"" '' '^' '''''' ""'■* ««P-'--ted from the math tl'' "'■' ^' ^*^^'"<^^ - *he botton, of the A 2vL'-1 •'''^u '*^*^'"*''' ^'•«'" the sweet wort ? ! it ferment ^ ' '™'' ^'^^'^^ '-^^^'^^l *" "'ake ,lu?e ?^'"'* '*"'"^' ''""■'' t'''^ fermentation pro- -t1ret ThthTrefr'r '1 ^^^ '^^ ^°""^ -^^ form into alcohol which re. -^ "'"'!: T '''^'''' *« Q. w^atbecl:':?th™sT"*'^•^''-■• empty vats near W ? .u^f ' °'' ™"« ^'o^n into pty vats near by or to the floor of the room A It s InW ^""'' '"^"^ -"^^ ^ ^''^'"y poison ? .^^ A.^ It IS, and men sometimes die from breath- er ^n ^p^^^^S.J^'^ -- the vats, A. It does. Li3>i,:^Sr:bo;:e5 ^^^----^-^^t. Baron rollers Iried ? m the of the ^ort? pooled make pro- I and ir, to upon into 1. ? ath- ats. ron 21 » \ He tell« us that if a man should drink eiglit quarts of best Bavarian beer every day (equafto bger beer), it would take him a year to\;ceive as much nourishment from it as is contained in three pounds of beef. Q What do we learn of the nourishing .mality of beer from Professor Liebig's statement? ^ A We learn that we should be obliged to drink seven hundred and thirty gallons of beer to obtain as much nourishment as we would by eating three pounds of beef. o " " Q How many barrels of beer would have to be ptnSsof beSr '""^ """"*"^'^'^* «'l"^' ^ *'-- A. It would require over twenty-three barrels. LESSON XI. Q. What bad habit besides liquor-drinkin