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 1 
 
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 ■ 
 
 ^OVA SCOT/4 
 
 PROVINCE HOUSE 
 
' 
 
 W gW»M ^ 
 
 iemmmmmxmwm. 
 
,feM- ^ 
 
■f 
 
 > Cf,- 
 
 ^u the ^ttprcmc Court of Ciuuiilju 
 
 ON APPEAL 
 
 KIKJM THE SUPREME COURT OF NOVA SCOTIA. 
 
 SIMON FRASER, Appellant, 
 
 -versus 
 SILAS R. TUPPER, Respondent. 
 
 IN THE MATTER OF SIMON FRASERS APPLICATION FOR HIS 
 
 DISCHAR(iE FROM CUSTODY. 
 
 .J^:BJP:E]XjXj^A^lsrT'& ZF^^CTTTDyC. 
 
 SKlXiEWICK .<c STEWART, Attouneys of Api-kllant. 
 THOMPSON & (JRAHAM, Attorneys of Respondknt. 
 
 HALIFAX, !S. S. 
 Morning Herald Office, 38 Granville Street. 
 
 1880. 
 
 Wl" 
 
ppnpi^^w 
 
 ■^nF^p^wB 
 
 WIIWIL Ji^Ji i|ij. iniipi.||, |jhi,pwj mg , .^^w^mm^Jjii^fi '^"S" 
 
 /.'./ 
 
 i 
 

 SUrREMK roT^RT OF CANADA. 
 
 ON APPKAI. KIJOM TIIK SUniKMh: COlHiT OK 
 
 NOV^A SCROTI A 
 
 SIMON FRASER. Appellnnt. 
 SILAS R. TUPPER, Respondent. 
 
 )wii 10 
 
 IN TFIK MATTHI! OF SIMON KHASEHS AI'PMCATION FOR HIS 
 
 DISCflAUCK KIJO.M Cl'STODV. 
 
 Tlic App.lliuit, Siiriun Knw.-r, was poimnitt.'.! to f^aul iirxlrr tli,- two warmntM or oxoriitions, 
 •Si t out on p;i^'.- 7 of tlir pri.itcl Cum.'. Th.-H,. wiu-mt.ts wnv iss,i,.,l l.y virtu., of tli.' two ctivic- 
 
 tioiiH H..t out ill imj;..s 1 1 aii.l \2 of Hi, ('as.-. T!h- pior liners ntta.krd w.t.. tak.-ii in tl.c Towi 
 
 1 VmH of Truro, ..vr wliicl. Mr. Fr...:,.>i,k A. Lawiviuv, Stipen-liary Ma^'istrato .>f tliu Town (, 
 1 niro, piosiilcM, 
 
 Til.' Appellant will (ontcnd tliat he wa.s illo^rallv tlctaint'd in priMon,— 
 
 I. Because tlio Town Court of Tiiiro, in wlii.-h court tlie prope.'.lin(,'s attack.'d were insti- 
 tuted, had no jurisdiction to try ofVcnccs under cl,apt.-r 7r> of the Kcvis,.d .Statutes, "Of Licenses 
 for tlie sale of Intovic/itiiij,' Li.|uois," where tlie penalty und.^r tlie statute is Hue, aii.l imprison- 
 ineiit in case of iion-paynient. 
 
 'I'lie Town of Truro was incorporated nn.ler Cap, 47 of the Acts of the Nova Scotia Parlia-- 
 ment of l«7.-). No court was created by that Act; hut iukUt .section 37. the Town Council liad 
 power to "iiiako all rul.vs necessary fer tl,, eivatiii;:, and for tlie r-onchict. inana^'cuient, and re^ni- 20 
 lation of the police an<l .Municipal Court <.f tlie T.,vvn." Shortly after the incorporation of the " 
 Town, the Council pa.ssed a iiuiuIkm- of Ly-Iaws, and aiiionj,' others, those printed in the Ca.so 
 (pa,-,'es 12-14), all of which were approved hy the (Jovernor in (,'ouncil on the 3d August, 187.-.. 
 It will he contended that these l-y-laws, .is far as they purport to uive jurisdiction to the Muni- 
 cipal Court, were H//m r/iw ; lait in any case they <lo not affect these proceedings, for in tiie 
 
 l«jl ll.MP 
 
 •^VP^g«^?S-.i^i^ n 
 
m§i II -u lu iimmmi ' ^j 
 
 ,11 . Ji - m . i.|i! . « ^^fiJ I iim-l' ipM 
 
 
I 
 
 f..r II... tnu.,a..tiu„ ..fall , -li. ' u 1 r , . ml "-"••'•••r "f Mip-.n-Kry M»«i,hu,.., „n.| .M'o.nf .'lO 
 
 *« ti... ..i..rk of s„.:i, .;;;,„;:'''• •^'' ''""^ '" ""^ * •• '""•• tim- t..w» ci-rk .i,«ii u. ...i «,.t 
 
 «...! rh^nlt", :*::,: ;pp!I;;;;::i''i:;;;;|,';i;i:';;''r{?''''^'^'r'' '.;•' ')"• '''••*^" "-^ •- •"'••■' '>v o«.. 
 
 r.u... f 1... town, or of l.i. li. .litV n ,1 '^•,. ' "^'W'^ ""- "'"I"""' >" "•-> r tl... H....or.|.T 
 
 Hnnu;;H;.v'';;;T':iti::;;t : •':;!' ';; H;';it:;i;:;;::;rr'''*''' ""*' r-' '■• ^-^^ • •''•'- - « 
 
 Htnt..,l,u'l -f,l../,., LV o H : ',r'^^^^^ !"'. "•^":'""« '".^''".v •l"ll...-< upon u... ntH 
 
 »'"• ''l-f-'i^la-.t r..,. tl... i.a H . . , , ; r; Vl" '"'"""' ""•^' -"" •':"'-"""' '" »'"-" "^ 
 tl..'tit!....rn«l.tofpo.....,io,is ofVl. T " ;'>"l '.«• I'.r.Mn.u^ "r "tl....- r.-al ..ntnt.., in wl.i,.|, 
 
 ...nni..ipalitv nf..,r...| n'm , ^n ""7 /I "" '""'J'- '" r'^" '""''•'^ ^^*^''i" "'" '<> 
 
 l.y ar..v Art ,.f tl... lV..vi, .... fN. a S ./l ; l'" '••'""•, "'/^M-M' I i'"y or Poli,.,. Ma,riMtrat.. 
 
 Hii.-I. Court s'.all has ... «!,.•; '"•'^" •""■'•'•"*"'••'' "' I" I'l '-.v tli.n. or ),!,., ; an.l 
 
 tl- (v..,ntv o;7^;;; ;i; '; t : ; writ;':;;;;;';;;'''^' '"S"'^'''"^ r ^"•'^'''" ^''- '""""'"--^ -^ 
 
 .a..se tl... ;«„„. to I... ,|„lv H..rv . an I y .n. i """ 'f 7"''\ ''"^'•"I'";"' "-'"i"-' • ..ir..! to 
 
 « •.-.... an.i I, .., ....n.j,,..':f 1^^^^!^ r!. E J::\:;r;;:';;::;;;;;^t:.- .^i , i:;:r.;:5 -^" 
 
 .^uu.It:^:;;.;;:;:;t.:;:;;,:::' "-•--'"•• •" ^^> > ■--' -^' ••• ■ .•.». ......i.. it. 
 
 .» ..::::t p.:::;:'::;;::!*; "'•"- ^^"- ^ ^- ^-'^'^ --- 1... ..m-n.. ...i ...ion .0 
 
 .Ii><hi..t Jail in tl... Z :^iu ,^^^^^^^ »'"■ 'r"^ '^'^>- i» t'."V...,nty or 
 
 »'".tv .lays in.priso, .nt fo I . 't o it, v i II '"'•"," 't"'"' '''■^'"'>' ''"""'^^ "'' 
 
 fur ..vvrv s„lJ..o„..nt ..tf.. nc .-i tv I iLn 1.,. " '1 '"'• '"' "-"^'^'^ '''^•r.^ >!,.priHoM.....nf ; and 
 
 I '""•'').."' »"""«!>' "I tlin... months III. piisonnit.nt. 
 
 TI... whol,. ,.l.apt..r .vlatin;, t.. Ii.,.ns.... shows in its..|r tl.at tl...s.. pro.-....,lin.s aiv not ..ivil in 
 •- nat.iiv. or violation of ...c-ti-m '.V, tin.. .,./ in.prisonn,..nt „ av I... inmo' • 1 o •" 
 P...v..i.-s that tl,...l..f..n,lant may ,iv....vi,|..n .n his .'wn l,..half,-an ..nnJossa ; Tn 1; 
 
-< illrii if^i*i II 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
"*?'»^' 
 
 • 111 " I iiii I'lii; 
 
 r« ..i|.|K.rt of th.. ..........f „.„ ,|„„ ,1,., .,„. ,ti„„ „.|j„.|i,,»,.,| „ „ , j,,^. .pown Court of Trur., 
 
 *iw iiDt a I'lvil iiiAtt.-r will I... . ,«.■.! tlv r.,||.,wiritr .unl,uii»i.., 
 
 I'hI V on MiiniMiiirv « 'oii\ ii tJoiw. (ttli i'.|., | In, 
 
 Miiiiri v«i < »w.ii, ft II ,v < • , ,",!>,^, ,^!>(», 
 Mint \n. CitiiuiJ, I It A II, A4X, '.7^. 
 
 Iliiiitlf^ V*. i,i>u il,, 2 M. h r, :..'!o 
 
 l-jiMriiiH »'»H»., 12 A. X K d*.'. 
 
 Atd.in.-yU.n.riil », .Si.l.lMh, l « V. it .1. 220 
 
 riiJti'll vt. hiNoii, K II \ K •!. 
 
 I'lirktr vh ( }iv,.|i, 2 || .v s. 2!M». 
 
 I'<k'iii« V-. Siilli\i»ti, I,, K H li,, r. [, fo( 
 
 Uixi"» w Kl.l li.i, I,. II. 2 V H. I> Kl 
 
 K'Uiiift VH, St.i'l. I,. U. 2 «/ II Div :I7 
 
 Driik.. vs II..K.I,, I, K _> |,;^ j, ^ .,;,• 
 
 In ri. l.iicHN A Mi(}|ii..hii?i, 2!» I r «/ \\ h| 
 
 U«'5fi(i;» \^. liiHl.ly H r (' (/ II 2't| 
 
 Sj'..(.||t V,, 'I'll,, r,„i,|||..ll«./ll(ll •'* I'. MM KKI 
 
 Til.' Htfttiit'f, uuU.r Ci»,iM.|..m»i..ii mw^t I,, ^tncdv .■oiiMttiii.l. 
 
 H«<f^|uf^ ic'k on Stntiit.-M, 2n.l ..1 . 2!>!» w /«<./, 
 I*" <lo. ill! 27<j ' n,.,f_ 
 
 i " "." ^vi"* "[ '? " «''" ■>"''^''"'»'"" "' t»'- ''•«■>' • '••".' i.. this ,.us.. is ..,.M.,.I. r,.|v n'.f 
 l.y Mr. Jiistir.. \N .•nth.-rlH.. f S,.,. pn^,.. 24 ari-l 2.'i of th.- ( Vim..) 
 
 NO 
 
 (K) 
 
 II. It will lurtlHT U. ....n...M.|...| tl.at „..itl,... tl... Town CoMrt <.f Tnuo nor Justir. s of 
 R<>vi,Ht^| Stiitiit.'^., for tlh' followin;,' r. iwon« : 
 
 (a) Tho pow..r of sM.MM.nry .'onviftion !h -i ,M.r..|.v stututory ,,o«rr ..mIvMowm f,. t!„. ...u.- 
 I'llumrj^L i,!r'" " "™' ""'" '*"""' """' ' "^"•-'«n"-«'"Ht.-ll^ statute. 
 
 ('') Stntiit.'H confoninif '^"•'J' pow.'rn must In- stiit-tly constrii.-.l. 
 
 10') 
 
 (-•) Srtion 2.i ot ..l.apt.r 7:. vus ...u.-t. : wh,.. mo in.r.ri.H,mnient w,is inmu,..,| Im I ' 
 
 nr.n-paynu.nc, an.! pruv. .,| ■ p..,.p,.r m.,H.u,I of pro..,.,|,„v for M... . ...ovvrv of ti,..; hIop... ( -.mm- 
 
 pare .....for, 2 -ap. 2:' ll..v.s...i .Statufs, 2m.1 ..,1,.. with s... 2 cap. li. |{ovis...i Statul.s 'M 
 
 ^rw. nor to th. statut. of IS(;;i, ,.„p. 17, wh.-n in.prisonnH-nt was Hrst a..thori...,l, the word 
 
 p.-na!t...s ,„,.ant M.oM..y ..n.Jti.-s „„lv. W. ,..,nt..„.| ti... wor.l " p..nalt...s" in m-ction 23 
 
 ..tains ,t.H ..njrnutl nu.,,...,,;,.. an-l n.f.rs only to .-as. s -vh.n. a tin., ah.n.. is i,Mpos,.,|. ,>.> se..tions 
 
 4, I.., in 17 IS. 20. 27, iU, m, :i:l an,l :».-,, an.l tlu- section sho,.I„ 1. ..on.tr.,...l to ..aU a.s f!"- 
 
 l.'ws : VV h..., ft tin., alon,. is iM.pos..,| „„.l..,. this ,.h,.pt,.r, .s....h tine niav he recov.ire.! " kc In 
 
 .support ot Jn.s cont.Mtion it will 1„. nof.l that th. w..,.! • n...ov..rt..V- is „s...l, . wor.l ap- 
 
f 
 
 i I 
 
f 
 
 plieabl.- to th.. rocovfiT uf money only, an.i not appli.aM.. wlion tho pnnislnnent of imprison- 110 
 nient may he imposed. 
 
 _ (f/) It will l.e olneivtMi tl„it nowhere in the statutes of Nova Scotia is expre.ss authority 
 given to Justiees uf the Peace or Stii.eTi.Jiary \Ii-istrat«s to try th.' offence of .selling liquor 
 without license. Se.'t.on l- .loes so expressly in relation to another oHence ; ami they would 
 have It un.Ier .section 2;Ucon,struinK it ,us we hav d..nej in conjunction with section « of 
 cap. I of the Revise! Strtutes, 4th scrie.s. If they pos.e,s,s such power they have it un.lcr .section 
 z.{ only. 
 
 ('■j By consf/uinj,' section 2:! as havinjr relation to money penalties alone, the forms 
 appen.le. to the statute become appiicabl,. and us..fnl. Form K must have been intende.l to 
 api.ly only to a case where a jn,l,,,„n,t for a sum of mon.-y was recovered, as ir a aid turn, 120 
 action, but coui.l not be intended f.,r a ctse where impri.sonment for a definite time wa.s 
 imposed. 
 
 (/) The Lejrislatnre havin- prohibited the sale of intoxicatin- liquor without license 
 having, imposed a punishment for such ..ffmee, but havinj,' prescribed no tribunal for the trial of 
 the oftrnder, it follows therefore that the offence is a mis.l,.meanor, and can b.- trie.l only by the 
 .Supreme (,'ourt after indictment found. 
 
 III. The appellant will conten.l that he should have been dischai-ed from custo.ly becau.se 
 the convictions by virtue of which he was arrested (see pajrc-s 11 and 12 of printed case) are 
 Dad on their face, and even althou-h the proceeding's below i.uiy be a civil matter. 
 
 The following considerations are urged in support of this contention : 
 
 ('0 Although the magistrate evidently intruded to adopt F<,rm I), given in the Appendix 130 
 to chapter ?:>. it is submitted that such furm, for th.. n.as.ms above state.l, is inapplicable and 
 that such conviction must cmtain all the alk>gati(,us .v,|uir..d by the Common Law : These are. 
 "an informafi.m or charge against fh..d.-f...,.hmt; a -ummons or notice of the information in 
 or<ler that he may app.'ar and mak,. his defence ; his appearance or non-appearance ; his confes- 
 sion or .lefence ; the evid.^nce, if he does not onfess ; an.l the Ju.lgment or adjudicati..n. (Hurd 
 on HalM.as ( 'orpus, 401.) Th.. ..oi.vieti.ms in .pu-stion cl..arly .1,. not contain all these particulars 
 and are therefore bad. 
 
 (h) It is submitte.1, however, that F<.rm 1), ..v.-n if it b,. the proper form of a conviction 
 still re.piires tlie common law essentials of a conviction t.) bi. stat.'-l. "The manner of the party's 
 eonviethm" must be state.l; that is to say : his pn-s.-iiee .,r absence; his confession or defence; 140 
 toe manner ot proving th-. previous ....nvi.-ti.ms; fis Ell..n Davis t.. b,. presumed to have prove.l the 
 t]ire.> previ.ms convictions, as w..|l as the i]]i..it sal." f) an.l the punishm,.nt a.lju.lge.l, which must 
 b." a puni.shment prescribe.l by .statute, no more and no les.s. 
 
 As to th.' general .|ualities of ;i e.)nvieti.)n, see Paly on Convictions, (ith Ed., 1,S4 ; Hur.l on 
 Habeas Corpus, 402. 
 
 (.•) It is submitt.?.! that the convictions are bad, more particularly because the statutory 
 punishment is n..t awar.l.'d. The p..ri<j.l of impris.)nment to be undergone in case of n.m-payment 
 
I 
 
-1>iS»s«.I^_«VJI» 
 
 .„> .»■ ii . "• "" '^f'^t'itf prises tlic ((.•fiMilaiit an ijpton. Tu- Justice hav.. 
 
 zs:-^Z;xr "■■■ ""■''■ ' ■ '• -^'- "" ■"■'•■^ "' ""■ «■'-'-" 
 
 R<.l.s(>n vs. Spoarinan, rt ,>/.. '.i Ikiii & AM. 4!>;{. 
 In this cast', AMiott, ( '. J., sny.s : 
 "It was l.is (til,. j„sti,..s , .luty t.. hav.. pursuo.l tlu- svunU „f th. .statut. of the 49 (ho HI e' 
 
 l.->U 
 
 infoniiation ' "' i- ci«ai;,M uith, Ihe coi.i..iitiii..nt artonls him no 
 
 Uo.\ vs. Hawki'is, Fort. 272. 
 Paley on Convictions, ;{;{:{. d snf. 
 
 Wd JJolt. it is snh,nitte-l, lays down th. prop.,. pn,c-..l,nv in Re.x v.. Chandler, flolt, 214. 
 
 eonviir """'"""' '''''^' ^'^'" '•'■''''■"■•''■ '^^ '' ''- c.onvi..tion, and n.u.t show a ,ood 
 Re Peerless, I (), H. ]4;}_ 
 R. vs. Chancy, (! Dow). 2.SI. 
 
 Nor will the Court ass.nn,. a -,. ,1 c .nvi.tion t. s„,>;> x-t a .o.rnitn.ent. 
 
 R. vs. Tordof't, .") (I B. !).•{;}. 
 
 R. vs. Cavanajrh, 1 Dowl. \. S. .")47' 
 
 R. vs. Kinir, I I) ,v: L. 72;?. 
 
 .yn^Satili : ~t^^^^^^^^ ;:.;:;:, '^^ -^ ^-^"'^^'- ^- ^^e o^er to arrest. No 
 
 i.s given for sad, n.andlt!; "'''"•' '"^' " '^ """ •"^'"""•' '""' "" l^'^^' ™" 
 
 (j The chief ol.Jection, however, to the co,„tnit,nents, is that they do not determine or 
 
 andieate the period ot imprisonment. It must he distinetly stated in the'warrant, whether thl 
 
 KiO 
 
 170 
 
 ISO 
 
i 
 
 I 
 
 / 
 
 1 
 
 ^ 
 
 I 
 
 !«M«iMMapiMB 
 
100 
 
 .•o.n.Mit.m.nt U. ior a .vrfai,, t Tl... .|..r..n.lHnt u„^.I,t tu know f,.r what ho i. in castcly. ftn.l 
 
 liiiw mill wIk'Ii 111' may regain his JilitMtv. 
 
 Dr. (Jr., IIS. Its rase, I L.i HiviiidiiiI, 2|:J. 
 
 H vs. Uoir.is, I I) \- \l 1.-,,; ■ 
 
 Kx parti' Aililis, 2 I) \- |i. |(i7 
 
 K. vs. Helps. :i M. & s, :isi. 
 
 Iliil'soii vs. Sptaiiiiaii, ;{ H. \- Aid. r>'X\. 
 
 H. vs. IIhII, Ciiwp. (iO. 
 
 < lark Vf*. WiMiils, rf ,il , •> K.\cli. '.i'X,. 
 
 _ (/) Ha.1 till- (•,.i,iiiiitin,.iits ,v:-it..il vali.l ...Mvii-Mons with th,- Mm- a.lm.1-,.,1, nml th.- 
 nnpn..,.,„iu.,.t in li..., of payMu.„t imp, s,..| i„ su.-h rasL, h„th th. .aol.T ami '.l.-tViiiIant woul.l 
 havo l...,.n ai.Ic tl. know when t,l„. latt.r ,..„i!,I 1... |„.,t||y ilis,3l,ar«..l 'in ihrn curs.. .,f law " 
 n.l.-r tm.s.. ..o.nm,tm,.„t.s th. ;.aul.r may hav. f, ,.„„sult a l..;,.al ailvis.r as to his rij^ht to .letain 
 tilt' ili'h'ii'laiit. 
 
 (f/) The co.nmitim.nts in .,m'stiuM, if uphi'lil, wouhl coml.'mn tl,.' .l-'f-mlant to perpetual on,) 
 nnpnsomm.Mt ni c-as.> of non-payment of the fine. The penalty is a punishment, ami it is suh- 
 imtteil heeoiilil not ho .lisdiar;.od nmler the Insoiv.'ut Act (App.'mli.x, Iteviseil Statutes p !»«) 
 lH.ean.so he ,loes m.t eome within tl,.' purview ..f that statute. If he iloes. he ean apply at 
 oiu'o ami he .lisehai-eil, althou-r). the v.'ry statuto un.Ier which he is eommitte.l e.xpresslv fixes 
 the ponoil ot his i]i,prisonii,erit. 
 
 _ (h) A ei.nsi,|..n.tion ..f tl... manifest ahs.ir.lities into whieh we are driven hv the conten- 
 tion that Form H is the form to h. u.s.'d in the ca.M' of .'onvietions Ilk.- ti.e one umler discus.sio.i 
 would lead to th. conclusion that such f.,,,,. is not applicahle .'.xccpt to eases whore a penalty 
 f'.lone IS impo,sc.l, aii.l wh.'re it may he collected in the saiue way as an ordinary del.t. 
 
 Where it is impossil.li' t.. r.'concil.' a f..r.„ with a statute, u,,on ..nlinarv principles, tho 210 
 foil,, ii,iist i,qv.' way. ' 
 
 Ih'i:. vs. IJaims, 12 A. \- K. •2-27. 
 Potter's Dwarris. 1 ];{. 
 
 V. Tl,.' prisoner shoul.l have heen dis-ha.-...! ,M,.l..r tl,.' s.'c.m.l commitment, even adi .it- 
 tin^^ the re.pomlenfs cont..ntiun helow, vi.., that the luatter in .,uesti..n was civil in its nature, 
 ami that the t.,rms use.l were applicahle to th.. circnustancs, hecaus,. if tl,.' plaintiH's .lemand 
 was a <h'ht, an.l n.c.,veral.h. as a del.f. it ...,,,1,1 .,nlv I,.' r..cov..r..,l uu.I.t the provisions of chapter 
 .»l ot the Kev.scl Statutes ivlntin.u to proce.lur . l„.f„r.. .lustics of the Peace in civil eases. 
 Section .So that chapter is as f.,l|..ws: " \Vh..u tl,. .L'tVudant .Iocs m.t pers.mallv appear, the 
 .ustico shall n.,t pn,c.....l i„ tl„. caus.. umI.'ss the ,'o„,>tahle shall u,ake an afti.lavi't that he has ooq 
 dehven'il a n,py of^ M.ch writ with a statement in writi,,;, of th.. plaintiffs particulars annexed " 
 to tl,.. .I.'h.n.lant. * * » | he .|..f..„,lant was n,.f p..rso„ally pr....Mt at tl... trial, ami n.. aftidavit 
 was proihiced that h.. was serve.l with the su-',mons. it has hem .l..cided by our own Supreme 
 ourt tl,aunl...ss siich affidavit was pr«,luc...I at th.- trial l,..|.,w, an,l that 'fact appeared upon 
 the c.nvictio.i, the c....,m,tment was voi,l, un.l th.. pris.,m.r ..ntith.d to he discharfred. 
 He D.mal.l McKacherii, Supreme Court, N. S., January, 1,S80. 
 
 S.\MI. (J. |{|(;TiY, 
 
 A/ijirll(li'l'x Citinisfl. 
 
 HOBT SEDGE WICK. 
 
 Attif. of Ajipellnnt.