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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. : ^1: 2 3 t ■ t t 4 5 6 D.a o o V'.'v ^' >. o r f V, / ////,/'/'' / / J':,/lt.,i.,l h M':/i^ /i.:/:u-/l X ■! <'le\t!,ni.i ,''tri'-l F^t:n-, ../wir .'..vj.'i ' n..i.i "5 iP I i Memoir of a Map The Lands around The North -Pole, by t 1789. Scale •—• of au inch to i? of Latitude. LONDON, ': IVmted by GEORGE BIGG, 1789. #1 .». %. \ V fe. •i I >iiai i lr' i«< »^ --- !-_ - ii rtm r i aim ADVERTISEMENT. »■ j6th June, i7fi9. O Since this Memoir was printed I have received a Letter from Mr. \\'illiarn Fit/Juigh at Canton, inform- ing me that Mr. Lance and He had obtained for me " a Journal of the laft Voyage made to the NW Coaft " of America by Capt. Mearcs (Mr. F. obfcivcs) The " Difcoveries, in tliat part of the World, are become •' extremely intcrefting, from the probability that is ♦' opened of fomc communication by water through the *' Continent, or at leafl of a nearer approach of the " Seas to each other than has hitherto been fuppofed." Ill 1 am taught by Mr. Lance to cxped this Journal in a day or two, but am forry to find the condition, on which it was obtained, was " that it go no farther ** than myfelf at prefent." Mr. Torin, lately returned from China, alfo informs me, .hat he learnt there, the Prince of JVales had been • a great ^d034S «,'j s^. '\-i % o ri great way up a Sound on that CoaJ, and liail fem their boat farther, lb as ti) have got within 400 miles of MiKlkni-Houfc ; when, tho' the channel continued open, the Boat was obliged to return lor want of rrovifions. O ri^u't limMi^ o o o I I rm iiiiiiiil M W lliWrt^r t-v v ^-;^^^^^^■^.^-];p^>^^j^^.-v■■•:..:.^^-s 1 I i*^\ .'=^J fl ^ "~^'/- / / ^ / ' /// -< / , / /^iS/ifAai MVtn/tma A> Ji^ n/ 'J\trltliHHlt fy jtiaAyin/iieM'^ ■Si ■■ . .11 1 i ■ill I lYir— I , , J .# j()th Miiy, 1 789. 1 HIS Afiif> H, chiefly, the Rdhul'ion of a Mip on a lar.rcr Scale ; but aa competent Materials, were wanting, for part of the larger M:ip, I have been induced to publifli the prelcnt E S S A Y. My firft motive in conftruding the Map, wa-. to explain a propolcd union of ijpcraii!"'"^ of the Eirt-lndia and Hiidfon's - Bay Companys, for rrying oi\ the Fiu-Tradc; and this ObjetH: made i, re "juilite to publiHi the prcfcnt Map, before the materials ar. collevSlcd that arc wanting for finifhing The Map oil the larger Scale. The conflniiflion of the Map led me necefllariiy to relearch for nuiteriiils; Mv Friend Mr. Wcv-c, Governor of the Ihull'on's-lJay Company, .tflinvd me that every information, in poflbfilon of The Huri- funs-Biiy CoDi/iiny, would readily be communicated: and, by this liberal communication, it was with much iiitibfadion I found, that the Gcognip'.iciil hLitcriiils, in their poflcffion, were very copious, and much cxceciKd my cxpedati'iiis; ThcIIudlbn's-Bay Compai^y had cmplo\cd Mr. Philip "Tumor for fevcral years in making Surveys of the Rivers, and in Agronomical Obfervations, for afcertaining ihe Latitudes and Longitudes of their various Forts, and Eftablilhmetits. Thefc iinpublilhcd Documents beii\g lo valuable, for ex- plaining the Geography of that part of the Globe, I (hall lay them before the Public more at large ; on which oceafion I Ihall particularly defcrilx; them : at prelent, it will be fufficicnt to give tlie detail of Mr. Philip Tumor's Ailrouomical Obfervations. Lat, : : •iMMMMdMI .-■jti^'-atai^tiC.- c«. 'f I: ( ^ ) N.Lat. W.Long-. Pliicc. ^7? i.'43." 92?34/45." York Fort How dcterm'mcJ. Leajl. Mojl. Ext Lat. 5 Obf.ODoublcMcr.Alt. 57? i.'36." 57? i.' 57." o? Long.69 » S^O i"8fett3l ^j_^8. o. 93. 24-4S- «• 53. 56. 40. o o u I itT rlL^- 7- .0D. Mer. A!t. 53- 55* 45 ? 53- S7- 7- 10:. 5.53. CumbcrlandHoure|Long.88 5)S:©&-; i" S ''•'"s 84.31.45. 85.55.30. i. 87. 2. 59- 87. 9. 15. a . • • • So. 56. 24. 80. 57. o. 82. 38. 56. 32 ))&-■: 4 84- 43- 45- 85. 14. o. o 5 0bf. ©D. Mtr. Alt. 51.24.16. 51.24.38. o ■^ - - ■■■ 86. 14- 4';- 87- 59-4; 86.20.45. 8^- 35- 45- °- f La'. 5 - - Glouccilcr Hoiifc I l;„j. 35 "d'&o ^,etts 86. 14. 45- 87.59.4;. 1 "12 ):&ci(- 1 J)? Kill. I ft Sat. Jupiter Rjpcrt'j River, Log Tent. D. Mer. Alt. Moofe Fort . . D? BrunP.vick Houfc Lat. 8 Obi". © D. Mer. Alt. Lon.i(;i )• Si O in 15 letts . 84 i) & -;; 10 . 51. 14.47- 80 II. ^o, 79. 30. 15. 51. 17. 14. 82. 9. o. 8t 33. o. Inim. I ft Sat. Jupiter, good fight. fLat. 4 Obf. © D. Mer. Alt. 1:0.14. 4. 50.14.53. ■ Lons-io O & ]> ill I ("ctt ?.z. 29, 45. 29. 45. 82. 13 45. Bo. 70- 84- 6.52 5. o 2. !5 t "31 'i>^''-' 3 ,r , r,,,--uu 1 fLat. . Mcr.Alt.Jupiter 48. 48. 30. HcadofAbbitibbe I | G T). Alt . . 48.47.20. River ] I Long. 2 Im. ift S:ir. Jupiter 83. 2. 15. NK Corner 1 T '-'f- © H- Alt. . . . Abbitibbc L-akc J ILon-. ©&D 2 letts 79. 3.15. i3- ^3- 4). 29. lo. 84. 1. 30. © & 1) 2 lettj ,.^ ^ f L:.t. 4 © n. Alt. . . MMlinabc . . I Long. 20 I Si -,< in 2 fats iMllliiplcoton . . . D. Alt. The Lougitu..lc at Pmice-inu'es Fort, m CbirchUi Rhcr, ' i-^ alio tlccennincd by Mr. Wales's Obieivatiou of the lalt Tra/ijii of raius. Lat'.fu.'f. Lon. frnni Grecnwieh. 4;^r 57.' 32"N 80. 11. 30 79- 7- '4 4S. lO. 8.,. 3. ()4- >- -,o"\V rrincc-Walos Fort o. o. o. 0. o. 46 23- 45 3'5' 15 O. 22 45. O 15. O 2. 27 S7-3'' 2.45 o. 46 9. 15 4. o 0. 50 1. 30 It • Th . '■ ■-g':iKlc is dclu.-eJ, from the ift lutein,.! Con>ad, by the Aftro- i.o.nei k^) ,. i to whum 1 .an la.'.-.biet for the communication. . ' M^ttM^- tittofinmt^ i.iwmftiuntKiimmmitmmim'itim mm ■ m»^tf ( ) ^^. It may be proper here to repeat the various Pofitiohs which are given in the " Menioir concerning the Fur- Trade," to bring the whole into one view, viz. The Pofitions affigned by C. Cook, from the Obfer- vations at Nootka, with ihe afliftance of the Time-Keeper, arc, N.Lar. WLon.fr.Greenwkh 4?- 43- lO 30 124V 124. 5 3 44- 6 124. 8 44- 5? 124. 6 48. '5 124. 57 49. 49 SO. 126. 126. 128. 40 42 S7- 3 '35- 53 57- 5S. 57 52 .36. 138. 39 Co. ^7 141. Cape BInnco? Cape Gregory C.Cook's3Voy.Vol.2.p.j6r Cape IVrpctua Ibid. . 260 Cape Foul-weather Ibid . . 2^8 Cape Flattery Ibid . 2^3 Point Breakers "1 ( Ibid . . ^64 Ship-Cove j. Nootka-! Plan Woody I'ouit J Ibid . . . 264 Cape Edgecumbc Ibid . 344 Ciol's Cape Ibid . . . 346 Mount Fair-Wcathcr . Ibid Rr. S'. Ellas . Ibid . . . 348 The Longitudes of the more Weftern parts are taken from the Map in Capt. Cook's Voyage. * The Pofitions from Capt. Barkley's Chart arc 4/. g. 47' 43- 47- 47- 4S. 8. 4S. 24. 48. i3. atitude of Cumbcyliind Hoiifc, placing it in 54? 29' N, inftcad of 55- 57'N. 1 am indebted to Mr. Fadcn, for a Copy of the Miip of the Canadian Traders -, Although the Mop of the Canadian Traders by itfclf, inftead of improving Geo- gr.iph}-, would tend to viijlcad, by extravagantly extend- ing the limits of their Peregrinations, yet, when cor- redcd by Mr. Tumor's Aftronomical Obfervations, It is of great ufe : cfpecially in aiVigning, within fome reafcnable bounds, the l^ongitude of the Arathapcjho'w Lakt\ " which it obvioully Ihews cannot be, by many degrees, fu far to thcWefl as Mr. Hearne's Map reprefents: Mr. Hcarne in his Map '' places the S\V Point of the IJltitid on t!ic South fide of the Aratbapcfiow Lake, in 28? * The r-.ine is varloa'ly fjicU Araili.ii'c'cow, Atluipccika, Alhajii'lkaw, Araul.u'k.i ami Oirabiifkaw, I i:onci.ivc it to be Loiiibai ol' the Old IVIa[5S tnd Mjrc l'>:,!te of Mei'catur 1587. ' The d fie I cut copies of HcariK'a Jlap do not cxaiftly agree, I follow, •he Orij^iuul iu ihc Hudfoij's-Bay Company's [XjU'eiiiou. i.i' ( 5 ) 28? / W LongitDde from Churchill, which being 94? i2/3o'''W gives 122? 19/ 30'' Longitude for the SW Point of the J/hmd, The Map, of the Canadian Traders, places the Weft Point of the Ifland'm 129? W from Greenwich but it makes the difference of Lxjngitude from the Po/K^, where the Pafquia River falls into the Sajk-apatvan^ to the Weft Point of i\\Q IJland i\\ xhc Jrathapi'Jkow Lake, . . . 10? 15/ ThePoz«/,where theRivers meet, by Mr.Turnor 1 05. 9. places the Ifl and m 115. 23. By Mr. Hearne's Map 122. 19. 30 which is lefs than Hearne's Map ... 6. 56. 30 I have reckoned from xhc Point, where the two Rivers meet, in preference to Hudfotis Hcufe, becaulc it fecms obvious, that Bloudeau Houfe is miftaken for Hufffons Houfe, in the Map of the Canadian Traders. i; It cannot poffibly be fuppofed that the Canadian Traders fhould err fo extremely in default in their diftance here, when they, every where elfe, err greatly in exccfs, as might naturally be expeoled, where nothin^y but eftimation regulated the diftance of their Journey : This Excefs, between Cumberland Houfe and the Point where the Rivers join, is no lefs than i? 40' in 3? 2'. admitting Mr. Tumor's Pofltion.s which feem to be uu- • queftionably near the truth. Finding: il i^ ( jw m i U .i pri I imgi i i "'!*<^'''^'«-~''# -V •^r^f"^-''^'*^'.'i?anr':: "r^t .-sc-^^i ( II ) :im It is an extraordinary circumftance, and much to be reo-reted, that I cannot find any Oblervations of Latitude, made on Liike Sitpcriour^ except the lingle Oblervation of Mr. Tumor at Mijhipicolon. Buachc, in the Map referred to, has given three Obicrvations of Latitude on Lake Superiour or beyond it, viz. at Fort Kimi'njigowi' \f. 27' N, which D'Anville places in 46? 45' N or 42' farther South : at Fcjrt St. Pierre In 47? 15', and at Fort Clurrks on Lake dcs Bols 48? 27' X. The AHimilation of the Map of the Canadian Traders to Mr. Tumor's Obfervations gives the fame Latitude (o\- Fort Charles, but it places Fort St. Pierre in 47? 40' N or 25' more North, than the Obfervation reported by M. Buache : but as there are no particulars how this Obfervation was jnade, I was unwilling to make a partial alteration in the Canadian Map, particularly as I could not admit the probability of the Latitude at Fort Ka/iiani/Iigojan, (6 different from D'Anville, and although operating in a contrary fenle, yet it , cnders the reported, obfervations fufpicious. Having nothing to aJjuft the pofitions in the Canadian Map beyond Mr. Tumor's Obicrvations at HuJjohs Hotife and Cumberland Houfe, 1 have therefore aflumed 60? 40' N, as in that Map, for the Latitude of the I'land in the ^Irathapejkoiv Lake, and Longitude, as before deduced, II4?VV. The Map is adjulled thereby from the Point where the Rivers join, in the track by Clear Lake ; and from Clear Lake I thought it bell: to lav down the Track according to the diretiion, or bearing, in the Map, till that Track unites with the Track from Cumberlad H-tife, which being adjufled by .Mr. Tumor's Obfervation, 1 have regulated, by this reduftion,. the ' Buaclie culh it Canianefligouia.. I m Bl<| '/ i: mimmmm iiditfJ'' * ' JM j t l M^*^ g^> ^g ;ass>^'^- it. ( '2 ) ft rlic paits lying between the various Tracks, in the Map of ihc C.mailiui Traders, to tlic NorthwarJ of Huillcjn'sIIoiifc and Cumberland Houlc. Kut as 1 thought it expedient to place tlic IJlauii in the AriUhapijkoiv Lake in 6i? N. which IS what rciiilts from the corredion of Mr. Mearne's \Tap in Latitude ; there is a ditlcrcnce of 20', which I have thrown into the length of the Aiiilhaj-efkow River. Mr. Hcarne's Map and the Canadian Map differ very much, concerning, the form and cxtetit, as wcU as the nofition, of the Arothapcjko'w Lake: The former m.kes the part of the Lj/v, to the U'ejl of the Ifldtid, lye WNW and NW and the extent, aHlgned in his Journal from the Indian Report, at leafi: 280 or 300 miles on that lide, and 90 to the Eaftward : The Canadian Map makes the Direction of the Lake almoft ErA: and Well for 100' to the Eartward, and 80' to the W'eftward, whence \t makes tlie 1 .akc incline Southerly for 40' or 50' more : As Peter Po'.'.d, the Canadian Trader, feems to have wintered on it twice, I iiave preferred the Delcription of the Wcftern part in the Canadian Mjp, ' Mr. Hcarne's M;;p marks a Salt River, and 5.7// Par, a little to t!ic wclhvard of where the /Iratbapeskciv River tails into the Lake, but no notice is taken of this circumftance ill his Journal; he lays " it is no more than a ihiall " Rivulet that is lupplied by a [Salt] Spring, many of which " arc to be found in the intetiour parts of America" it is indicated in one of the liidiitn Maps, in the Colledion of The 1 1 udfon's- Bay Company :Thefc Indian Maps conveying much Mitormationofthc Northern parts, where European DiKZuments fail, " I;, ai I think pi(,b.ii if, ihc ,; ?''-,.;,/ft. J^-i^ ■ , „ ijgMaii* ,;jJ»S!»-i»i"^^; ixTj^^flSl-' u ■•;■■)' ( ^3 ) tail, I have laid them before the Piiblick ; but I cannot prcilimc to digert them into a coiinefted Form, and have therefore only reduced tiiem to a finaller Icale. The Outlet from the /Ifiilhapcskow Luke to the NW into the Hy[)crbon\m Scit, called in the Indian Mapr. the River Kif, it-cbciViVi, and Kifj-Jlocb-civcn, is taken from the Canadian Miip folely : being laid dowfi from the Anubapcjhoiv Lake witliout any redudion of diAance. In tb.e Plate containing llie Indian Map' There id one, apparently by an European, though anonymous, that marks the Rivers with the huluvi names ; and indi- cates that, beyond the limhs of Capt. MuUletoni Difcoveries, the Sea is continued to the Copper River ; in this {\\&. all the Indian Maps and lieporls concur: fo that, there is every rcalon to believe, Repulfe-Jjay does not dole up HudJ'on's-Bay on that fide, but that it communicates with the hhpcrborean Sea, although that Map rcprefents very fliallow water, in pafling the IJands iecn by Capt, M'iddL'tcn. I have alio, as a curiolity in the Hiftory of Cieographv, given -Afac finiile of an Indian Map painted on a Skin : it is -' of the original fize : The Mafqtiet is the Jlyroglyphick of the Europeans; what the aniwai is I do not prefume to judge, The Evidence Capt. Middleton brings of his Frozen Strait docs not appear to me conclu live; and, as the fame effect s which were accounted for by it, \^ ould be produced b}' a com- munication to the Northward oi Repidfe-Piay, which he liip- pofed fhut up Hudfons-l'ay on the North, I have thought it moft eligililc to omit Middleton s Frozen Strait, and continue the Coafl uf S'^uthampton I [land as far to the Northward as Fox traced it on th( E' ^> \\ 'V^l I •/ 1 mcau "T'f'm, ■atJ^HMitMter.. ^ ^ ^ ^^.,- ,.„m__j -■i^i^M^ «..-«wrt«»wt*5«SP»'-^'- r ( u ) •mean to affirm that it is atlually one Ifland\ it may \k broken into many Illands, I only mean to (ay, that I have no comjxjtent teftimony that it is vwre than one : nor indeed poiitivc tcftimony that it is an fjlt'tui, the North piirl being unhioivn, may tliercfore conne>^ to tlic Land on the !J\Jlcni fuJe of linffiu s-Bity: though at the liimc time, I do not mean to inlinuatc that I lx.'heve this to be the calc, or know of any circumftances to countenance fuch an opinion. Diivis tells us, that His Difcovcrics are laid down on Molliiicux^s Globe, which remaining in the Miiidlc-'Tciiiple L'lbniry we have therefore the /luthcntic Dcfcription of thrjfc Di/covcries; but the Difcovcrv of Btiffiti's-Biiv not having been made till 1616, could not be marked on that Cilobe wbich was publiHied in 1592.^ It was therefore ncceflary to confult the ccirUcJl Miips ^ wherein it is exprefled : Purchas having uiipardonably omitted pub- lifliing Fiiiffins Or/ghul Map, which, as well as his Jour- nal, he had in his porteHiou : nor can the low ftatc of the Art of Engraving, at that time, he pleaded as an excufe, fince tbiit viiliiahh Oriirirtiil merited his attention more than the vile fcraps he has given from Hondius. I have ' Tlic Dale oF llic Cclcilial Globe ftiU contiiuics 1592 luit the ilute of the Tcrrcftrhil in the Middle Temple Library has been vilibly altered to 1603 with a Pen. • The tarliejl M.ip 1 have fccn is by Jolm Speed 1626 but he gives liaffm's Bay only with a faint tracing ; he mtikes the nidth in Longitude about 2C? in this /"/j.v'i Map 1655 agrees with him; \i\\xjamei's I'i^i makes it about 30? Tloniton i;03 reduces it to ; ;? and Green 17^3 extends it aimed to 50? I have followed Thornton as he appears to be more circumftantial than the •antcctJent ^laps and iNL D\'liivil/e nearly concurs with him: It is further to •be oMervcd, iilthough Thornton's Map is publillied in 1703, that He was fucceUor in buliners to the earlier Hydro^'aphers of the former century, and iecms to have been in poflclTion of many MSS of which no traces remaia but in his woi'ks. ;rr..|ij i W i . i t^.5 ! jggp;iE;;a?3;ife^ ( '5 ) I have afliiined the Longitude of Cupe Farewell and thr If^cjl Coiijl of Grwnliind from the Lion's Voyage ai well as that of the port of the CmJ' of Labrador which they iaw. I am indebted to Mr. irJes, the Mathematical Mafter to Chrift's-Hofpital, for the following Politions determined in his Voyage to Hmjfons-llay for the Obfcrvution of the Tranjit of Venus in 1769. i i i Lat. Long. 61? ay'N 65? 16' W . Cape Rcrolution i. c. Cape Warwick 6.. 7 . 68, .3 . . Suddlc-back Illand 6j. 33i . 70. 48 . . Illcs ot GoU's nieicics, 'or Upper Savajje IflaiiJs bi. 46 . 74. IS . . Cape Charles 63. tq . 76. 47 . . Sulilbury IllanJ 6z. 39 . 77. 48 . . Cape Walfingham i. c. Cape Woftcnhotms 6i. 41 . 78. 50 . . Cape Diggs i. c. Cajic Digge* 6:. jSi . 80. 33 . . North End Maufcll liUmd By thefe pofitions I have regulated the Coaj7s of Htidfous Strait and the adjacent parts, and have collated MiddktoiCs printed Chart, with Alar/e/s MS, communi- cated by The Hudfon's-Bay Company. Bcfides the Longitudes of the interiour Country, Mr. Tumor's Aftronomical Obfervations determiiic the pofition oi the £aJl-Main lleu/c . 52? ij'NLatitude 78? 44.' 3o"WLongitiidc The Vofithix o( ^littny being 5?. 14. 41 • 81. 55. 49 tlic difterence 3- •'• 19 is the breadth of Hudfotis, or rather James' s^ Bay in that Latitude : • The Ijlamls of God'i-Mcrciei are more to the Northward and Wcftward : I fiippofe Mr. Wales has been niifled by the miftakc of the Peribns on board tin Ship ill which Iw \vas. r h\ f,-- I' J- -f-"'"' ■Tviiriiriiiiiiiii,,,ii-|',| ,„ ^m^if^-- t V I 'iii ! it i •'■ ( r6 ) Tvatitude : and thii Obfcrvation at EiiJJ-Miiifi, compared \vith Mr. Wales's politiou oi Cape Dh:p-cs, gives the direc- tion of the Ea^ Coajl of Hialjhns-Bciy, which is nearly North and South : the detail is from the Ht/dfons-Bav Company's CoUciflion, chiefly in a MS of Capt. Codies, and from Miviey's Charts, 1 have in the detail of Jama's-Biiv, as the Southern patt of FTuJloii's-Bay is named, chiefly followed Marleys C/.utrls, adjullcd by Mr. Tumors Obl'ervations. Cut, in the pofition of Neiv-Severn River from llrk Fort, I have followed a MS in the Ihulfon's-Bay Com- pany's Collcdion, containing the communication by inland Ri\crs, as well as by the Sea Coaff. Tbc Longitude of Vo}-k Fort by Mr. Xurnor's Obfer- veitions, being ..... 92? '34.' 45" and Chuich'nl hy \\\c 'Tviinft oi Fenus, . 94. 12. 30 The difference of Longitude between them is 1. 37. 45 Mar/ry in his Chart 17S2 alfo makes the dilFerencc of Longitude i? 38' between Fork Fort and Churchill: but b.c docs not agree in the intermcdJate parts with iMr. Wales's deicription; for Mr. Wales infoims me Cope Churchill is I? 2' or 1? 3' to the Eaflward of Churchill^ but ^Vj/7^i''.f Charts made it i? i6'E, or 13' more; and confcquently the Difference of Longitude between Fork Fort and dije Churchill only ?,2', or 13' lefs than would lelult from the Obfervations. But altho' Marlcx's Chart 17S2 gives the diiFerence of Longitude alx^ve- mcntioned, lii,-^ Chart 1781 gives no lefs than 3? i.' 52" tor the dh'iLTcncc of Longitude between Churchill and Fork Fen ; i'o httle confideucy is there in his Cliarts of dillcrcn' dates. There ■"J; ' iX •^7S.^.: iaiKlfil ( ^7 ) There is a Chart, I believe by Capt. Chrijopher^ fhewing the track of the Ship Prince- Rupert, whcu he efcaped from the French Squadron ; in it Cape Churchill is laid down from Churchill, i? a'E and Vork Fort ,, ^ making the difference of Longitude between Cape Churchill and 1 Tork Fort . , \ • 43 which, by the coniparifon of Mr. IfaUi and Mr. Tumor, fliould be 31; the difference ,, exceeds the truth, exaftly by the fame quantity as Marky fell fliort of it. MiJdletotis Chart makes Vork Fort from Churchill 1? 30' which is 8' lefs than the truth, he makes Cape Churchill nearly in the Meridian of Tork Fort: or 35' lefs than the Obfervations. The Draft of the California's Voyage, by 7". S. Drage^ makes Tork Fort from Churchill , . . 1° 9' and Cape Churchill . D? . . . . i. 2 which therefore places C. Churchill only . ~q. 7" to the Wcltward of Tork Fort, inftead of . o. 35 which the Obiervations give: the difference is . o. 28 lefs. r ^•1 1 1'' f* ;i: m f' There are ieveral MS Iketches in the liuJfou's-Bay Company's CoUcdion of the N\V parts of Iludlbn's- Bay, but they are all of them, Marlc/s nut exccpu-d, lO very erroneous that they arc of no ufc, except that oi Capt. Chrijlophcr: From Churchill to 6i?l N. i have chiefly followed Drage's Chart; from thence to the ^^ Soud> ,4 |. n i .. ^ ^mmmA ^m^a^i . . V- ^s» ■> fp%-°^ ^ t ( '8- ) Sottth Point Qt Rankin's Inlet, chiefly Mr. Eilis's large Chart; * fruin the Point of Rankins Inlet, to Chejlcrfield Inl^t, incUifive, the Plan of //u?/ /wA'/, in the Hiidfon's-Bay Coiiipany.'s Collc£liou, '' made from the Obfervations of Cupt. Ckrijhphcr and Mr. Norton in 1761 and 176^. The n'iigrr I have taken from Mr. FJ/is's large Chart, luving adopted 5? 39.' E, the mean pojttion of Cape Dol>bs from Marble IftanJ, by £///>, Dragc and Middlcton, vix. 4? 4' ; 7? 4' and 6? 20' : I perceive a MS, in t'^e Huilfon's-Bay Company's Collection, marks /zt'o Copper- Mine: on the South Side of the JfaQ-cr. My Occupatioiis, were my Rate of Health no obftficle, S'ould pveclude me from extending my Invcftigation to our other Terri'Lories in America, or to tlie Pofleffions of the United States : that Part of Geography is fuffi- cicntly known for a general idea : and as I have neither local knowledge, nor competent materials, for a more cxac^ delineation than The Public have already in their pofleiiion, I liavc, for convenience, followed M. D'Anville's Map of Canada, In the delineation of tlie W'clt Coal'l of Ai,Tierica to the Southward of Cape Mendocino, I have chiefly followed the ^u!p of that Coaft, made by Miguel Cojiamo at Mexico, in 1770, and publifhcd at M,adrid, in 1771. But f ha\ e regulated the f.ongitudcs by the Obfervation oi" ciie laft T'raniit of Venus by Abbe Chappe at St. ' I p.; vcr ;'.iw lu!!: one C»py of //■•; C'v;;/ ; it was jmblid.cj iti 1748 ; riy .I'lifnil Mr. Stcplu'iii, i"?cretary to the Admiralty, give that Copy to nic. " There are //'■/■(■<■ other (ketches of the Chcfci-ficld Inlci, but this fccirs 19 irtwc bcc!) m; Jc with moil attcuiTou ; probiibly from the others. * \ V .^.tr. ■-■■ /■m i mmimit ^■. • 3t* iiWMiliy— ii-inrni*! ( ^9 ) il Sf. "jofeph^ near the Extremity of California, viz. aj? 3/" 42" N. 109? 42/ 30'^ W. • This Longitude of .9. Jofcph regulates the general pofitions not only of the Coaft to the Wefliward, but alfo to the Eaftward : By Coftan/.os Map The Fort, at Port Monterey, is 1 2? .'-9' W from S. Jofcph which places Monterey m 122? 11/ 30" W ; and the Ftvelkms oft' Port San Francifco, as the Port, which Sir Francis Drake vifited iu. 1 579, is now named by the Spaniards, being o? 49' VV from Monterey by Coftanzos Map, their Longitude will be 1 23? 0/ 30" W. By my Map Cape Mendocino is in 123? 25' \V and therefore the difference of Longitude be- tween the Farcllons and // only o? 24/ 30'''. I'l.ns, Cof- tanzo'sMap makes 4? 13'; but his knowledge did not extend. to Cape Mendocino, which he places in 41? 26'' N. inftcad of 40? o' N. and in this lafi: latitude he lays down P'. Barrancas 1° to the Wcftward of the Farellons ; and pro- bably this is. aiEtually Cape Mendocino : I am inclined to think the difterence of Longitude between the Farcllons and Cape Mendocir.o is more than o? 24/ 30' W. and I find the Spanifh Plan of St. Francifco makes the Farcllons in 122? 4' W. (254? 26' horn Tenerif) or i? 21' to the P2aflward of Cape Mendocino. I have afllimed x? 2 i' as tiic difterence, and therefore place the Farcllons oft' St. Francifco in I 22? 04' or 56' ^o" farther EaO: than Coftan/o's Map, and have rcducedhisLongitudesfrora6V.j'l'//('y>/j uithat proportion.'' ^ At ' Tills is the politio!! aiili^iici! in tiic Rfijuijiu- T.iNi-i, t i the Naiirii.,tl Ai- m.inac, 1 781 ; and in the Con. ties Toinpr. i t8(; Don Joleph Al/.atc y Ramircv: j;ives It 2^° 3.' 10' N and icty?.47.' 30'' \V (267? 53/ 30" iVom Ferro) M. Call'mi, Voyage en Californic, 23? 3' 20" N : by the Tranfit f, 2S'". by Jupiter's Satellites 7''. ;;8"'. 53'. Cliappc 7". 28". 17'. Doz and Medina, he aliunies f. 28'". lo'. — 11:? 2.' 30" tVoin- Paris, or 109? 42.' 3c" W from Greenwich. •" I am afl'urqd, by the b.cfl authority in Spa'n, that Coftaiizo's Map has little merit, but I have no bettor authoiity to eotilult ; for altho' I have fome TVISS of this C.vill 1 do not know what confidence they me;it; one yppeais >• iiavc btcu conUiltcd by Colluuo, . m I: i ¥i\% '' 'i I u I i n r '■ l*-n»*.,. " tif'uo^* ^ w '^mm .». i ' ; < v^JO ) - AtAfpA'/ctf, M. Cafllni (Voyage en Califoriue P. 104) li\ys Dof} y. Alzate oblcrved the -following EcUpfes of Jupiter's Satellites. . . Apparent Time difference. Obf. at Mexico, by caUulation Sat. iit Paris. T.ongitude fr. Paris. Greenwich. cv': 1^70 16th February 16. 38. 49 3''. 23. 19. 53 b. 41. 4 100. 16. o 97. 56. :9th . . 14th March i;. 45. o '.". iz, 30. 2+ 6. 4;. 24 in. ii. o 99. i. o 15. 56. S3 i". 22, 42. 48 6. 45. 5S 10 . 28. 45 99. 8. 45 I*. Mean 6. 45. 39 loi. i.;.. 52 99. 4. 52 « ■ M. Cafllni alio mentions, in detai', an Eclipfe ''■ of the Moon obfeived by the fame perfon. the End. 99? 4.' 52* // •« // tt- 1769 1 2lh December inccrtain 13. 13. 12 certain »3- '3- '^l »3- '3- 45 J 10 CI aol^- 38- '^ 99- 34- 30 97- '4- 30 19- S'- S^^le. ^7. 45 99. 26. 15 97. 6. 'S M. Cafllni aiTumcs 97? 6'. i 5" ♦ The Laft Internal Contaifl of the Tranfit of Venus gave 6? 49' 52" 102? 28' o . . . . joo. 8. o But D Jofiph Al/.aiq y Ramircs in his Map of Mexico tfllgns ior the obfcrvcil Longitude at Mexico 278? j6.' 30" from Fcrro or 99. 53. 30 Tlic Rcquifitc Tables to the Nautical Ahnanac gives the pofition of Jl/r».r/Vo i9?54'N Longitude from Greenwich 100. 5. 45 The Connoifance des Temps Jfilgns the fime Longitude, but it gives 19? 25.' 50'' N. for the Latitude. D. Juan Lopez in his Map of the Environs of Mexico, 1785, gives the Latitude 19? 54' N Longitude 276? 42' E from Tenerif =99? 48' W from Greenwidh, as the refult of the Obfervations of M. Chappe and D. Vicente Doz at Californiii. ^ • • -■ , v.- \ Such Difcordancc in pofition, amongft Aftronomers, muft be an apology for the inacturacy of Geographers : I have aflumcd the Longitude alfigncd by Don Jofeph Alzate 91)? 23.' 30'' VV. but he does not give the Luituue ; his Map pLccs it in 1 9? 41' N. M. Calhni afligns 1 9? 54' N. as tlie refult of Alzate's former Oblcrviuions. Jgatjjj^gguJUyfc'a I -^ 1 I