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^^^ ^y^ ^j'e^A^i. ^yf/tf^ 
 
 1] 
 
 I 
 
SELF-INSTRUCTOR 
 
 r 
 
 \ 
 
 ON 
 
 LUMBER SURVEYING 
 
 FOR THE USE OP 
 
 t 
 
 LUMBER MANUFACTURERS, SURVEYORS, 
 AND TEACHERS. 
 
 BY 
 
 CHARLES KIlSrSLET, 
 
 PRACTICAL SURVEYOR AND TEACHER OF SURVEYING. 
 
 ASSIGNOR, 
 
 JAMES KINSLEY. 
 
 PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR. 
 
 Calais, Me., and St. Stephen, N. B. 
 
 1870. 
 
f/ 
 
 ^P'feS^/A ^*;..:4^^ ^^,^',Jr/f.^J' . ^ 
 
 ErVERSIBE, cambridob: 
 
 ELECTROTYPED AND PRINTED BT 
 H. 0. HOUGaiON AND COMPANY. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 This work combines the theoretical and practical 
 parts of surveying, in such a manner as to enable the 
 energetic and uninitiated student who applies himself 
 to the study of this useful and interesting science for a 
 short time, to survey all kinds of lumber with accu- 
 racy and expertness. It contains tables for measuring 
 boards, plank, deal, and timber by board measure, 
 by which the Surveyor can dispense with the use of 
 the Board Rule. It contains the rules generally 
 adopted by Surveyors, and also a more concise rule 
 than that in general use : for plank, deal, and timber, 
 this rule alone is worth more than the price of the 
 book to any Surveyor, as it requires less mental calcu- 
 lation than by the other rules, enabling him to sur- 
 vey flistcr and with less trouble than he could other- 
 wise do. It contains tables for incli, incli and a 
 quarter, and inch and a half boards for battens and 
 joist. It also contains rules and tables for surveying 
 logs by board and cubic measure, and rules for ton tim- 
 ber. It also contains tables showing the number 
 of feet in length, of any dimension, which will make 
 1,000 feet board measure or 1,000 feet cubic measure; 
 
IV 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 a new method of finding the soHd contents of timber ; 
 a rule for finding what a round log will square, by hav- 
 ing the circumference or diameter given, or in other 
 words, to find the inscribed square ; how to make out 
 specifications, survey bills, etc. ; rule for measuring 
 tapering timber ; table of quarter-girts for logs ; rule 
 for finding how much in length, of any dimension, 
 which will make a solid foot, or any otlier desired 
 quantity ; table showing the weight of twenty-five 
 kinds of wood, with a rule for finding the weight of 
 the same from the contents ; the English and Amer- 
 ican Government rules for finding; the tonnage of ves- 
 sels, and rules for gaun-ino; and ullamno; casks. It also 
 contains a correct and extensive interest table. 
 
-^ > 
 
 IV- 
 
 ler 
 
 )Ut 
 
 no; 
 lie 
 )n, 
 •ed 
 ve 
 of 
 }r- 
 
 3S- 
 
 !so 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 om Two 
 
 Rule for measuring Rectangular Boards . . 
 
 Exercise on the Rule 
 
 To find the Contents of a Triangular Board . 
 
 Exercise on the Rule 
 
 To iind the Solidity of a Sphere or Globe 
 
 To find the Contents of a Triangular Solid 
 
 To find the Superficial Contents of a Globe . 
 
 To find the Contents of a Circular Board .... 
 
 Rule for finding the Contents of a Circle 
 
 Rule for finding the Diameter or Circumference of a Circle 
 
 Table for measuring Inch Boards, without a Board Rule, fi 
 
 Inches to Thirty-six Inches wide .... 
 
 Exercise on the Table 
 
 Table for measuring Inch-and-a-Quarter Boards without a Board Rule 
 
 Exercise on the Table 
 
 Table for Inch-and-a-IIalf Boards without using the Board Rule . 
 
 Exercise oi. the Rule 
 
 Table for Plank from Two to Thirty Inches wide .... 
 
 Exercise on the Table 
 
 Table for Three-inch Deals from Three to Twenty-four Inches wide 
 Table for Four inch Deals from Four to Twelve Inches wide 
 Table for Five-inch Timber from Five to Twelve Inches wide 
 Table for Six-inch Timber from Six to Twelve Inches wide 
 Table for Seven-inch Timber from Seven to Twelve Inches wide . 
 Table for Fight-inch Timber from Eight to Twelve Inches wide 
 Table for Nine-inch Timber from Nine to Twelve Inches wide 
 Table for Ten-inch Tiuil)er from Ten to Twelve Inches wide 
 Table for Eleven-inch Timber from Eleven to Twelve Inches wide 
 Table for Twelve-inch Timber from Twelve to Twenty Inches wide . 
 Plan of drawing a Plank Shingle, with Directions for dotting Plank 
 
 Deal, &c 
 
 Rule for Plank Specifications 
 
 How to keep a Joist or Scantling Shingle . . . 
 New York Deals, Three-inch .... * 
 
 Specification Rule for Three-inch 
 
 Specification Rules for Four-inch .... 
 Five-inch Timber Shingle, with Rule for Specification . 
 
 Page 
 7 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 
 10 
 10 
 11 
 11 
 12 
 12 
 13 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 16 
 17 
 17 
 17 
 17 
 17 
 17 
 
 18,19 
 20 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25,26 
 28-30 
 
VI 
 
 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 Rule for Six-iiicli Specification 31 
 
 Ilulc for Seven-inch Specillcution 33 
 
 Kule Tor Kiylit-incli Speciticution 36 
 
 Kule lor Nine-incii Specilication 37 
 
 Kule (or i'en-incli Specilicafioii 40 
 
 Kule for Kleven-inch Specification 41 
 
 Kule for Twelve inch Specilication 42 
 
 Kule for lindiui,' the Contents of Hattens or Two-anda-Half-inch Stuff 44 
 
 SpHcilicatioii of Hatten Shinj^Ie and Kule 45 
 
 Kandoni Shingle, Contents given in the Columns 45 
 
 Kan<lon> Shingle, Kunning Lengths in the Columns .... 46 
 Table showing the Number of Feet in Length, of all Dimensions, that 
 
 will make 1,000 teet of Boanl Measure 47 
 
 Table showing the Number of Feet in Length, of all Dimensions, from 
 Five Inches by Five Inches to Twenty-two Inches by Twenty- 
 Four Inches that will make 1,000 Cubic teet, with Kules showing 
 
 how both Tables are computed 48 
 
 New Rules (or finding the Contents in Cubic Feet of Timber, from Five 
 
 by Five up 49 
 
 Second Method of making out Specification, and Rule . . .51, 52 
 
 Specification of I'liiladelphia Deal, and Rule 53, 54 
 
 How to use the Board K'ule, with Kxercise 54 
 
 Rule for measuring Logs, with Example 55 
 
 To find the Largest Square Piece of Timber that can be sawed from 
 
 a Round Log, by having the Circumference or Diameter given . 56 
 
 Form of Bills of Lading 57,58 
 
 Surveyor's Hills and Receipts 59 
 
 New Rules for finding the Superficial Contents of Plank, Deal, Joist, 
 
 Battens, and Timber 59 
 
 Given the Dimensions of the End of a Plank to find what Length of 
 
 it will make a Foot 61 
 
 To find the Solid Contents of a Piece of Tapering Timber . . .61 
 When a Boarl or Plank is wider at one End than the other, to find 
 
 ■what Length of it will make a Foot, or any Desired Quantity . 62 
 To find how much in Length will make a Solid Foot, or any otiier De- 
 sired (Quantity, of Squared Timber of Equal Dimensions from End 
 
 to End 62 
 
 Table for measuring Round Timber by the Qnarter-girt Areas . . C3 
 Table and Rule for finding the Weight of T'imber from a Survey of its 
 
 Contents 64 
 
 English Government Rule for finding the Tonnage of Vessels . . 65 
 
 United States Government rule for finding the Tonnage of Vessels . 66 
 
 Gauging of Casks 67 
 
 Ullaging of Casks 68 
 
 Questions (or Exercise 69 
 
 Log Rule for Round Timber 72-78 
 
 Directions for \ising the Log Rule ....... 77 
 
 Interest Table and Rule 77-79 
 
SELF-TNSTRUCTOR 
 
 OM 
 
 LUMBEE SUEYEYma 
 
 Rule for measuring RectariQular Boards. 
 
 Multiply the length in feet by the width in inches, and 
 divide the product by 12, to find the contents in superficial 
 feet. Or multiply the length in inches by the width in 
 inches, and divide by 144, the number of inches in a square 
 foot, for the contents in superficial feet. 
 
 P. S. — A Rectangle is a plain figure bounded by four 
 straight lines, which are equal and pandlel, and Avhose 
 angles are right angles, 
 
 as B. 
 
 B. 
 
 QUESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. 
 
 1. What are the contents in feet of a rectangular board 
 30 feet long and 20 inches wide ? Ans. 50 feet. 
 
 2. How many feet in a board 26 feet 6 inches long, 12 
 inches in width ? Ans. 26^ feet. 
 
 3. AVhat will be the cost of a walnut board 32 feet long 
 and 16 inches wide, at 8 cents per square foot. Ans. $3.41. 
 
 4. What are the contents of a board 22 feet 8 inches long, 
 and 1 foot 9 inches in width ? Ans. 39 feet 8 inches. 
 
 When a Board is wider at one End than at the other, 
 
 Jlule. — Add the width of both ends together, and take 
 half the sum for a mean width, and multiply the width thus 
 found by the length, for the contents ; or take the width in 
 
 ^ 
 
fr 
 
 8 
 
 SELF-INSTRUCTOR 
 
 the middle of the board and multiply by the length, for the 
 contents. 
 
 EXAMPLE. 
 
 1. What are the contents of a board 14 inshes at one end 
 and 20 inches at the other, and 24 feet in length. 
 
 Ans. 34 feet. 
 14 -|" 20 = 34 -i- 2 = 17, mean width in inches, which 
 multiplied by the length, 24 feet = 408; 408 4- 12 = 34 
 feet = contents. 
 
 2. What are the contents of a board 2G feet long, which 
 measures IG inches in the middle ? Ans. 34 feet 8 inches. 
 
 26 feet X 10 = 416 ; 416 h- 12 = 34 feet 8 mches = 
 contents. 
 
 To jind the Contents of a Triangular Board. 
 
 Ride. — Multiply the length in feet by the width in 
 inches, and take half the sum for the contents in inches, 
 which being divided by 12 will give the contents in feet of 
 board measure. 
 
 EXAMPLE. 
 
 1. What are the contents of the board 
 ABC, whose base B C is 26 inches, 
 and perpendicular height A D is 18 
 feet. Ans. 19 feet 6 inches. 
 
 18 X 26 = 468 -^ ^ = 234 -^ 12 
 = 10 feet 6 inches. 
 
 2. Wiiat are the contents of the trian- 
 gular board ABC, whose base B C is 
 2 feet 6 inches, and perpendicular A C, 24 
 feet. Ans. 30 feet. 
 
 24 feet X 2i = 60 feet ; 60 feet -^ 2 
 = 30 feet. Or"— 
 
 2 feet 6 inches = 30 inches ; 30 inches 
 X 24 feet = 720 inches ; 720 ~ 2 = 360 
 inches = contents; 360 -r 12 = 30 feet's 
 = contents in feet. 
 
 Ill 
 
ON LUMBER SURVEYING. 
 
 9 
 
 E 
 
 The contents of a triangulnr solid can be found in the 
 same manner by the foregoing rule, by multiplying the con- 
 tents thus found by the thickness of the solid. 
 
 How many feet of boards in a triangular 
 piece of timber, A B C, whose length A 
 B is 24 feet, breadth B C 18 inches, and 
 thickness C E 2 feet 6 inches ? 
 
 24 feet X 18 inches = 432 ; 432-^-2 
 = 216 inches; 21G inches -J- 12=18 
 feet = contents of .sui)erfK'ial triangle A B 
 C, which being multiplied by the thickness, 
 C E, 2 feet 6 inches, will give the contents^ 
 of the solid triangle A B C D E F, 18 feet X H feetc= 
 Ans. 45 cubic feet, or 540 board measure. 
 
 For Measurement of a Globe. 
 
 Rule. — To find the solidity of a globe, cube the diame- 
 ter, and multiply the product by 5,23G ; and to find the sur- 
 face of a globe, multiply the diameter 
 by the circumference. To find the cir- 
 cumference by having the diameter 
 given, say as 7 is to 22, so is the diame- 
 ter to the circumference, or as 22 is to 7, 
 so is the circumference to the diameter. 
 
 To find the Contents of a Circle. 
 
 Mule 1. — ]\Iultiply half the circum- 
 ference by half the diameter, for tlio contents. 
 
 Mule 2. — Square the diameter, and multiply it by .7854 
 for the contents, or square the circumference, and multiply it 
 by .07958 for the contents. 
 
 P. S. — The square of a number is found by multiplying 
 the number by itself. r j ts 
 
10 
 
 SELF-INSTRUCTOR 
 
 I 
 
 Table for measuring Inch Boards without a Rule, from 
 2 Inches to '66 Inches wide. 
 
 ii 
 
 Inches. Feet. 
 
 Inche.s. Feet. 
 
 Inches. Feet. 
 
 Indies. Feet. 
 
 2X1—^ 
 
 11X1 H 
 
 20 X 1 — if 
 
 29 X 1 2/'o 
 
 3X1 i 
 
 12X 1 1 
 
 21X1 1^ 
 
 30 XI — 2^ 
 
 4X1 ^ 
 
 13X1 — irV 
 
 22 X 1 1^ 
 
 31 X 1 2V^ 
 
 5X1 — A 
 
 14X 1 — 1^ 
 
 23 X 1 Hh 
 
 32 X 1 2^ 
 
 6X 1 i 
 
 lb XI li 
 
 24 X 1 — 2 
 
 33 X 1 2^ 
 
 7 X 1 tV 
 
 16 X 1 H 
 
 25 X 1 2iL 
 
 34 X 1 — 2if 
 
 8Xl-§ 
 
 17 X 1 1t\ 
 
 26 X 1 2^ 
 
 35X1 2i.V 
 
 9X1 i 
 
 18 X 1 — U 
 
 27 X 1 2^ 
 
 36 X 1 3 
 
 10X1 ^ 
 
 19X1 h^j 
 
 28 X 1 2i 
 
 
 In order to niirvey boards by the Tuble of Board IMeas- 
 
 ure, the Surveyor must commit the table to m(Mnory, and 
 
 by a little practice, he will become expert at surveying by 
 this method. 
 
 Questions for Exercise done hj the Table of Board 
 
 Measure. 
 
 1. What are thf. contents of a board 24 feet long and 18 
 inches wide ? Ans. 2 4 X U — 36 teet. 
 
 2. How many feet in a board 32 feet long and 17 inches 
 wide ? Ans. 45^ feet. 
 
 By the table, 17 inches wide is ly*^ the length, for the 
 contents; therefore 32 feet X IfV = ^^3 ^^^^' 
 
 3. What are the contents of a board 21 feet 6 inches long 
 and 6 inches wide ? Ans. 10 feet 9 inches. 
 
 By tiie table, 6 inches wide is half the length, for the con- 
 tents ; therefore 21 feet 6 inches -f- 2 = 10 feet 9 niches = 
 contents. 
 
 4. Required the contents of a board 36 feet long and 3 
 inches wide ? Ans. 3G -j- 4 =: 9 feet. 
 
 5. Find the contents of a board 24 feet 8 inches long and 
 14 inches wide ? 
 
 Ans. 24 feet 8 inches X 1 J = 28 feet 9 inches 4'\ 
 
 i t 
 
ON LUMBER SURVEYING. 
 
 11 
 
 6. Required the contents of a board 27 feet long and 30 
 inches wide ? Ans. 67^ feet. 
 
 7. What is the value of a walnut board 23 feet 6 inches 
 long, and 36 inches wide, @ 12|^ cents per square foot? 
 
 Ans. $8.8 li 
 
 8. Required the contents of a board 16 feet long and "7 
 inches wide ? Ans. 36 feet. 
 
 9. How many feet in a board 38 feet long and 28 inches 
 wide ? Ans. 88 feet 8 inches. 
 
 10. Required the contents of a board 16 feet long and 19 
 inches in width ? Ans. 25 feet 4 inches. 
 
 Table for Inch-and-a- Quarter Boards, from 2 Indies to 
 
 36 Inches wide. 
 
 Tnches. Feet. 
 
 Inches. Feet. 
 
 Inches. Feet. 
 
 2xii — A 
 
 14Xli = lii 
 
 26 X Ir ni 
 
 3 X li tV 
 
 i5Xii — iyV 
 
 27Xli — 2}^ 
 
 4 X li tV 
 
 icxii — i! 
 
 28 X I4 — 2} I: 
 
 5X1] n 
 
 i7Xii i:^^- 
 
 29 X I4 3:jV 
 
 6Xli — f 
 
 isxii — 1# 
 
 30 X li 3i 
 
 7xii ri 
 
 19Xli 115 
 
 31 X I4 3^4 
 
 8Xii # 
 
 20 X li — 2i'.T 
 
 32 X li:^3^ 
 
 9Xli n 
 
 2lXli — 2/5 
 
 33 X li - 3-rV 
 
 10 X li 1^^ 
 
 22 X li 2.,7j. 
 
 34Xli 3^i 
 
 iiXii — 1t\ 
 
 23Xli 2]| 
 
 35Xli — 3^^ 
 
 i2Xii li 
 
 13Xli — Ui 
 
 24Xli — 2^ 
 
 36Xli — 3| 
 
 25xii m 
 
 
 Examples of \\-inch Board 3feasure done ly the Table. 
 
 1. "What are the contents of a board li inches thick, 32 
 inches wide, and 30 feet long? Ans. 100 feet. 
 
 By the table 32 inches is 3^ times the length ; for the con- 
 tents, therefore, 30 feet X 3^ = 100 feet. 
 
 2. What are the contents of a board li inches by 18 inches, 
 and 36 feet in length ? Ans. G7 feet 6 inches. 
 
 X 
 
 N 
 
r 
 
 12 
 
 SELF-INSTRUCTOR 
 
 3. Hequired the contents of a board 1^ inches by 24 
 inches, and 32 feet 8 inches in length ? 
 
 Ans. 81 feet 8 inches. 
 
 4. How many feet in a 1^-iuch board 16 inches wide 
 and 24 feet long ? Ans. 40 feet. 
 
 5. What will be the cost of a piece of mahogany 1^ inches 
 by 12 inches, and 36 feet long, @ 6 cents per foot ? 
 
 Ans. $2.70. 
 
 Table for One-and-a- Half-inch Boards^ from 2 to 24 
 
 Inches wide. 
 
 Inches. Feet. 
 
 Inches. Feet. 
 
 Inches. Feet. 
 
 Inches. Feet. 
 
 2Xii i 
 
 8X1^ 1 
 
 14X1^ 1^ 
 
 20 X U 2i 
 
 3 X li ^ 
 
 9X1^ — 1)^ 
 
 15X1^ 1| 
 
 21 X li 2t 
 
 4X1^ h 
 
 10 X U ij 
 
 16 X li — 2 
 
 22X1^ — 2| 
 
 5XU t 
 
 11 X li 1^ 
 
 17 X 1* 2i 
 
 23 X li 2^ 
 
 6X1^ i 
 
 12XU- — li 
 
 isxii— 2i 
 
 24 X 1^ — 3* 
 
 7X1^ — ^ 
 
 13 X li if 
 
 19 X li 2t 
 
 
 Hi 
 
 1. What are the contents of a 1^-inch board 32 feet long 
 and 24 inches wide ? Ans. 32 feet X 3 feet= 96 feet. 
 
 2. Required the contents of a 1^-inch board 18 feet long 
 and 18 inches wide ? . Ans. 40i- feet. 
 
 3. Find the contents of a board 1^ X 10 inches and 28 
 feet 8 inches in length ? Ans. 35 feet 10 inches. 
 
 By the table H X 10 is 1;^ the length, for the contents. 
 28 feet 8 inches X 1^ = 35 feet 10 inches. 
 
 4. What are tlie contents of a board 24 feet long, 20 
 inches wide, and H inches thick ? Ans. 60 feet. 
 
 5. Required the contents of a board 16 inclies wide, 1^ 
 inches thick, and 27 feet long. Ans. 54 feet 
 
 6. What is the value of a board 17 inches wide, and 1^ 
 inches thick, and 20 feet long, at 6 cents per foot ? 
 
 Ans. $2.55. 
 
 • Equal three times the length, for contents. 
 
 > ! 
 
ON LUMBER SURVEYING. 
 
 13 
 
 s by 24 
 
 8 inches. 
 
 les wide 
 
 40 feet. 
 
 ^ inches 
 
 J. $2.70. 
 
 to 24 
 
 s. 
 
 Feet. 
 
 4= 
 
 2i 
 
 li 
 
 2i^ 
 
 li 
 
 2^ 
 
 H 
 
 2^ 
 
 1* 
 
 = 3* 
 
 
 
 'eet long 
 96 feet, 
 'eet long 
 lOi feet, 
 and 28 
 inches, 
 3ontents. 
 
 ong, 20 
 
 GO feet. 
 
 kvide, 1^ 
 
 54 feet 
 
 and 1^ 
 
 . $2.55. 
 
 Table for Two-inch or Plank, from 2 to 30 Inches wide. 
 
 Inches. Feet. 
 
 Inches. Feet. 
 
 Inches. Feet. 
 
 Inches. Feet. 
 
 2X2 ^ 
 2X3 — i 
 
 2 X 10 — if 
 
 2 X 17 2^ 
 
 2 X 24 4 
 
 2X 11 — 1^ 
 
 2X18 — 3 
 
 2 X 23 — 4^ 
 
 2X4-^ 
 
 2X12 2 
 
 2 X 19 3^ 
 
 2 X 26 4\ 
 
 2X3— if 
 
 2 X 13 2^ 
 
 2 X 20 — 3^ 
 
 2 X 27 4h 
 
 2X6 1 
 
 2 X 14 2i 
 
 2 X 21 3:^ 
 
 2 X 28 4§ 
 
 2X7 1^ 
 
 2X 15 — 2^ 
 
 2 X 22 — 3| 
 
 2X29 — 4^ 
 
 2X8 q 
 
 2X9 — l| 
 
 2X16 2f 
 
 2X23_3g 
 
 2 X 30 5 
 
 
 WfL-m. 
 
 
 EXERCISE. 
 
 1. Required the contents of a plank 18 feet long and 15 
 
 inches in width ? 
 
 Ans. 45 feet. 
 
 9i 
 
 times the 
 therefore 
 
 By the table 15 inches wide 
 contents in feet of board met 
 = 45 feet. 
 
 2. Required the contents of a plank 36 feet long and 12 
 inches wide at one end, and 16 inches at the other end? 
 
 A71S. 84 feet. 
 12 inches -|- 16 inches = 28 inches ; 28 inches -^ 2 = 
 mean width 14 inches. ]5y the table 14 inches is 2^ times 
 the length ; therefore 36 feet X 2^- = 84 feet. 
 
 3. What is the value of a plank 24 feet long and 27 
 inches wide @ 3^ cents per foot ? Ans. $3.92. 
 
 4. Required the contents of a plank 18 feet long and 4 
 inches wide ? Ans. ^^ X f = 'V = ^2 feet. 
 
 5. "What are the contents of 1,860 feet ruiuiing lengths 
 of 2 inches X 2 inches ? Ans. 620 feet. 
 
 Solution. — 1 MO -^^=G20 feet. 
 
 6. In 2,500 feet nmning lengths how many feet contents 
 of 2 inches X 12 inches ? Ans. 5,000 feet or 5 M.. 
 
 2,500 feet X 2 = 5,000 feet, or 5 M. 
 
"''r* 
 
 14 
 
 SELF-INSTRUCTOR 
 
 Table for Three-inch Deals, from 3 to 24 inches wide. 
 
 Inches. Feet. 
 
 Inches. Feet. 
 
 Inches. Feet. 
 
 Inches. Feet. 
 
 3X3 — 1 
 
 3X 9 2^ 
 3 X 10 — 2 J 
 
 3X 15 — 3^ 
 
 3 X 20 — 5 
 
 3X4 1 
 
 3 X 16 — 4 
 
 3 X 21 5i 
 3 X 22 — bl 
 
 3X5 li 
 3X6 4 
 
 3X11 2| 
 
 3X 17 — 4^ 
 3 X 18 4} 
 
 3 X 12 — 3 
 
 3 X 23 — 5-| 
 
 3X7 1^ 
 
 3 X 13=: 3^ 
 
 3X 19 — 4f 
 
 3X 24 6 
 
 3X8 2 
 
 3 X 14 — 32 
 
 
 
 ••' 
 
 EXERCISE. 
 
 1. What are the contents of a deal 3 inches thick, 6 
 inches wide, ann 30 feet long ? Ans. 45 feet. 
 
 By the table 3X6 is 1|- times the length, for the con- 
 tents ; therefore 30 feet X H = 45 = contents. 
 
 2. What are the contents of a deal 3 inches X 3 2 inches 
 and 33^ feet long? Ans. 100 feet. 
 
 3. In 2,700 feet of running lengths of 3 inches X 20 
 inches, how many feet ? Ans. 13,500 feet. 
 
 By the table 3 X 20 is 5 times the length, for the con- 
 tents ; 2,700 X 5 = 13,500 feet. 
 
 4. Required the number of feet running lengths of 3 X 4 
 that will be equal to 2,000 feet running lengths of 3 inches 
 X 10 inches ? Ans. 5,000 feet. 
 
 o. What number of feet of running lengths of 2 X 3 
 will be equivalent to 24,000 feet running lengths of 3 X 12 
 inches. Ans. 144,000 feet. 
 
 Solution. — By the tab'e 3 X 12 is 3 times the length, for 
 the contents ; therefore 24,000 feet X 3 = 72,000 feet = 
 contents of 3 X 12 inches, and by the table 2 X 3 is = to 
 half the length, for the contents ; therefore 2 X 3 is 2 times 
 the contents for the running lengths, consequently 72,000 
 feet X 2= 144,000 feet running length. 
 
ON LUMBER SURVEYING. 15 
 
 Tahh for Four-inch Deals, from A to 12 Inches wide. 
 
 iches. 
 
 Feet. 
 
 X20: 
 
 — 5 
 
 X21: 
 
 -51 
 
 X22: 
 
 X23: 
 
 -5ii 
 
 X24: 
 
 = 6 
 
 Inches. Feet. 
 
 Inches. 
 
 Feet. 
 
 Inches. Feet. 
 
 Inched. Feet. 
 
 4X4 1^ 
 
 4X7: 
 
 = 2^ 
 
 4X 9 3 
 
 4X11 3§ 
 
 4X5 1§ 
 
 4X8: 
 
 24 
 
 4 X 10 3 j 
 
 4X 12 4 
 
 4XC 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 .EXKRCISi:. 
 
 1. "What are the contents of a deal 4X4 inches, and 20 
 feet long ? Ans. 2(i| feet. 
 
 2. What are the contents of a deal 4X5 and 24 i'eet 
 long ? Ans. 40 i'eet. 
 
 3. Required the contents of a deal 4 X G and 2(> feet 
 long? Ans. 52 feet. 
 
 4. Required the contents of a deal 4 niches X 12 inches 
 and SO feet long ? Ans. 120 feet. 
 
 5. What is the value of a piece of oak 3G feet long, 4 
 inches thick, and 11 inches wide, @ 4^ cents per square 
 ioot ? 
 
 6. In 2,800 feet of running lengths of 4 inches X 12 
 inches, how many feet of superficial measurement are there? 
 
 Ans. 11,200 feet. 
 
 7. How many feet running lengths of 4 inches X 12 
 inches deals are equal to 3,000 feet running lengths of 2 X 
 6 ? Ans. 750 feet. 
 
 8. What is the amount of lumber in the following cargo, 
 and its value @ $15.00 per M ? 
 
 Surveyed from Bennett & Co., of Boston, Mass., to Ship 
 Aurora, Capt. Jones, — 
 
 2,758 pieces 2 X 8 and 16 feet long. 
 3,800 pieces 4 X 12 and 30 feet long. 
 2,600 pieces 4 X 10 and 16 feet long. 
 250 M of Mer. spruce laths @ $2.50 per M. 
 
 Ans. 653,41)7 feet of hnnber. 250 M laths. 
 
 Value of lumber, $9,802.45^ 
 
 Value of hitiis, 625.00*" 
 
 $10,427. 45i- 
 
prr-^^' 
 
 16 
 
 SELF-INSTRUCTOR 
 
 Table of Five-inch Timher, from 6 to 12 Inches wide. 
 
 Inches. Feet, 
 5X8 = 3^ 
 
 Inches. Feet. 
 5X 9 = 3^ 
 5 X 10 = 4^ 
 5X 11=14/5^ 
 5 X 12 = 5 
 
 Table of Six-inch Timber j from 6 ^o 12 Inches wide. 
 
 Inches, Feet. 
 6X 6 = 3 
 6X7 = 3i 
 6X8 = 4 
 6X9 = 4^ 
 
 Inches, Feet. 
 6 X 10=:5 
 6 X 11 = 5^ 
 6X 12=:6 
 
 EXERCISE. 
 
 1. "What are the contents of a piece of timber 5 inches X 
 5 inches and 24 feet long ? Ans. 50 feet. 
 
 By the table 5X5 is 2|- times the length, for the con- 
 tents ; therefore 24 feet X 2^^ = 2^ X f ii=W = 50 feet 
 in board measure. 
 
 2. Required the contents of a joist 5X8 and 30 feet long ? 
 
 30 feet X 3^—100 feet. 
 
 Ans. 100 feet. 
 
 3. Find the contents of a beam 6 inches X 8 inches and 
 36 feet in length ? Ans> 144 feet. 
 
 36 feetX 4= 144 feet. 
 
 4. How many running feet of 6-inch X 8-inch timber are 
 equal to 3,500 feet running lengths of 5 X 12 inches ? 
 
 Ans. 4,375 feet. 
 By the table 5 X 12 is 5 times the length, for the con- 
 tents, and 6X8 = 4 times the length ; therefore 3,500 feet 
 X 5= 17,500 feet = contents of 5 X 12 ; then 17,500 -^ 
 4 = 4,375 feet =: the number of feet in length of 6 X 
 8 =z= 3,500 feet of 5 X 12. 
 
 ii 
 
ON LUMBER SURVEYING. 
 
 17 
 
 5. What will abeam cost 48 feet long, 6 inches by 11 
 inches, @ 3^ cents per foot ? Ans. $i).24. 
 
 48 X H feet = 264 feet = contents ; 264 X 3^ cents = 
 $9.24. 
 
 Table of Timber from 7 X 7 ^o 12 X 20. 
 
 Seven-inch Timber. 
 
 Eight-inch Timber. 
 
 Nine-inch Timber. 
 
 Inches. Feet. 
 
 Inches. Feet. 
 
 Inches. Feet. 
 
 7X 7_4X 
 7X8 4f 
 
 8X8 5J- 
 
 9X9 6f 
 
 8X9 6 
 
 9 X 10 7i 
 
 7X 9 — 5i 
 
 8 X 10 = 6f 
 
 9X11 — 8i 
 
 7 X 10 5^ 
 
 8X11 7^ 
 
 9 X 12 — 9 
 
 7X 11 — 6i\ 
 
 8 X 12 — 8 
 
 
 7 X 12 7 
 
 
 
 Ten-iuch Timber. 
 
 Eleven-inch Timber. 
 
 Twelve-inch Timber. 
 
 Inches. Feet. 
 
 Indies. Feet. 
 
 Inches. Feet. 
 
 10 X 10 — ^ 
 
 10X11— 4 
 
 11 X ii = 10tV 
 
 12 X 12 — 12 
 
 11 X 12 — 11 
 
 12 X 14 — 14 
 
 10 X 12 — 10 
 
 
 12 X 16 — 16 
 12 X 18 18 
 12 X 20=: 20 
 
 1. What are the contents of a piece of timber 12 by 12 
 inches and 30 feet long? Ans. 360 feet. 
 
 2. What are the contents of a beam 7 inches by 9 inches 
 and 30 feet long? Ans. 157| feet. 
 
 3. Eec^uired the contents of a piece of timber 9 X 10 
 inches and 40 feet long? Ans. 300 feet. 
 
 By the table 9X10 = 7^ times the length ; 40 feet \ 7^ 
 = 300 feet. 
 
 4. In 2,500 feet contents of 9 X 10, how many feet run- 
 ning lengths of 9 X 10, and of 11 by 12 ? 
 
 Ans. Of 11 X 12, 227,3. feet. Of 9 X 10, 333^ feet. 
 
 5. What is the cost of 2,000 feet running lengths of 12- 
 
ff, 
 
 18 
 
 SELF-INSTRUCTOR 
 
 inch by 20-inch timber @ 3 cents per foot of board measure ? 
 Ans. $1,200.00. 
 
 6. Recjiuired the contents of a piece of pine timber 8 inches 
 by 12 inches and 24 feet long? Ans. 192 feet. 
 
 7. Wiuit is the difference in feet of board measure be- 
 tween 2,000 feet running lengths of 9 X 12 and 2,000 feet 
 running lengths of 12 X 12 ? 
 
 Ans. 12 X 12 is 6,000 feet more. 
 By the table 12 X 12 = 12 times the length, and 9 X 
 12 = 9 times ; therefore 12 — 9 = 3 feet difference ; 2,000 
 X 3 = 0,000 feet difference. 
 
 Example showing the Manner of Drawing or Ruling a 
 Shingle for Plank or '2-inch, also the Mode of Dotting. 
 
 Rule. — Take a shingle and rule it, as shingle No. 1 is 
 ruled, the dimensions along the top column, and the lengths 
 down the side column ; then take a pencil and make a dot, 
 thus (,), for every plank, or deal, or piece of timber, as the 
 case may be. Suppose I want to dot a 2 X 6? 22 feet long, 
 3 times, I run along the top cohmm of dimensions till I 
 come to 2 X G ; I then go down said line till I come oppo- 
 site 22 in the column of lengths, I then make three dots, 
 thus (,„). Then when I have finished dotting, I count all 
 the dots, and place the figures as in the above shingle ; those 
 figures I afterwards transfer to my specification, in order to 
 find the contents of the whole quantity of pieces I have 
 dotted. 
 
 P. S. — You can, if reqiiired, rule your shingle so as to 
 include any length or dimension, and most shingles are 
 drawn as shingle No 1 is. 
 
 i i 
 
 [ 
 
measure r 
 
 ingles are 
 
 ON LUMBER SURVEYING. 
 Plank Shinglcy No. 1. 
 
 19 
 
 . , 
 
 Lengths. = § 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 15 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 9) 
 
 X 
 
 IM 
 
 • •• 
 
 • •• 
 
 • •• 
 
 • •• 
 
 12 
 
 • ••• 
 
 • #•• 
 
 8 
 
 o 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 CI 
 
 2J 
 X 
 
 •••• 
 
 4 
 
 12 
 
 18 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 ••••• 
 • ••• 
 
 9 
 
 6 
 
 • •••• 
 
 6 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 18 
 
 • ••t 
 
 9 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 • • 
 
 7 
 
 • ••• 
 
 • • 
 
 6 
 
 • •• 
 
 8 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 14 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 C 
 
 ••• 
 
 C 
 
 
 • ••• 
 
 9 
 
 •• 
 
 2 
 
 16 
 
 6 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 
 16 
 
 6 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 
 10 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 
 • ••• 
 
 • ••• 
 
 8 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 18 
 
 ■ ••• 
 
 • ••• 
 
 12 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 
 • 26 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 • •• 
 3 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 • ••■« 
 
 • 
 6 ; 
 
 i 
 
 • 
 
 • ••• 1 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 •••• 
 
 • •• 
 
 7 
 
 19 
 
 S 
 
 5 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 20 
 
 15 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 • • 
 
 • • 
 
 .. 10 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 21 
 
 10 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 • • 
 
 7 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 22 
 
 • •• 
 
 • •• 
 
 • •• 
 
 9 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 ■ — - 1 
 
(^;ft 
 
 
 !i 
 
 20 
 
 SELF-IXSTUUCTOR 
 
 Example of Specification of the Plank Shinyle No. 1, 
 showing the manner of finding the Contents. 
 
 Rule. — One sixth of the length of 2-inch stuff multi- 
 plied hy the width will give the contents hi feet of board 
 measure or superficial feet. 
 
 Specification 
 
 «/ 
 
 Plank 
 
 Shingle 
 
 No. 1. 
 
 Lengths. S § 
 
 X 
 
 18 
 9 
 
 X 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 Mi 
 
 X 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 X 
 
 15 
 5 
 
 X 
 
 9 
 
 7 
 
 oo 
 
 X 
 
 2 
 G 
 
 X 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 X 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 X 
 
 IN 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 X 
 
 IN 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 Coutcnta. 
 
 12 
 
 1,120 
 
 13 
 
 834 
 
 14 
 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 
 9 
 
 2 
 
 623 
 
 15 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 
 422 
 
 16 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 10 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 _^ 
 
 8 
 6 
 
 2 4 
 
 |io 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 1,000 
 
 17 
 
 482 
 
 18 
 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 
 3 2 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 1,155 
 
 19 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 4 3 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 792 
 
 20 
 
 15 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 16 
 
 4 
 
 1,180 
 
 21 
 
 10 
 9 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 4 
 
 7 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 7 
 6 
 
 885 
 
 22 
 
 828 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total, 9,321 feet. 
 
 Mule for calculating a 2-Inch or Plank Specif cation. 
 
 Multiply the number of pieces or dots in each square of 
 the table by the width of said pieces, and the product by ^ 
 of the length for the contents. 
 
ON LUMBER SURVEYING. 
 
 21 
 
 To find the Contents of Specification Shingle, No. 1. 
 
 Multiply the number of pieces in each square of the table, 
 opposite the first lcn<,^th, 12 feet, by the widths of the differ- 
 ent numbers of said pieces, and then by ^ of the lenjj^th for 
 the contents ; thus, for the first column running parallel to 
 the top of the shingle, 
 
 Breadth. 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 No. Pieces. 
 
 18 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 9 
 
 2 
 
 12 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 54 16 50 90 (53 16 108 GO 55 48 
 
 Then add all the products, 54 -f IG + 50 -|- 00 -f r.3 -|- 
 16 -f 108 -I- CO 4- 55 4- 48 = 560. Then 1 2, tiie length, 
 -H 6 == 2 feet, 560 X 2 = 1,120 = contents of the first 
 column. Thus proceed until the contents of all the columns 
 are found, then add the whole together for the total contents 
 of the shingle. 
 
 P. S. — In this treatise, when there is a fraction of half a 
 foot over, it is called a foot ; when less than half a foot, 
 nothing. 
 
 For Joist or Scantling. 
 
 Take the running lengths of the different dimensions and 
 mark down every 100 feet, then add np your shingle, and 
 multiply the different sums by the multiplier of each dimen- 
 sion, as found in the tables for the contents of each. Hem- 
 lock joist is generally, computed by this plan. 
 
22 
 
 SELF-INSTRUCTOR 
 Joist Shingle, 
 
 2X8 
 
 2^X3 
 
 2X4 
 
 2^X4 
 
 2iX3 
 
 2iX4 
 
 8X4 
 
 250 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 10 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 90 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 250 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 50 
 
 100 
 
 100 . 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 200 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 150 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 150 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 200 
 
 50 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 613 
 
 625 
 
 667 
 
 833 
 
 450 
 
 375 
 
 900* 
 
 * The numbers at the foot of the columns are feet of board measure. 
 
 3 inches by 4 inches by the table is once the length, there- 
 fore tliere are 900 feet of 3 X 4 contents. There are in 
 the joist shingle 500 feet running length of 2^ X 4, and 
 2| X 4 is = I times the length ; therefore, 500 -^ |= 
 to o75 feet == contents of 2^ X 4. There are 800 feet run- 
 ning lengths of 2| X 3, and 2|^ X 3 is ^^ times the length; 
 therefoi'e, 800 -^ ^^j = 450 = contents. There are 1,000 
 feet of 2^ X 4; therefore, as 2^ X 4 is § of the length, the 
 contents will be equal to 1,000 -^ ^ = 833 feet. Of 2 
 inches X 4 inches, 1,000 feet, which divided by |, will be 
 the contents = GG7 feet. Of 2^ X 3 there are 1,000 feet, 
 and 2^ X 3 is = § times the length ; therefore, 1,000 -j- § 
 = 625 feet. Of 2 X 3 there are 1,225 feet running lengths, 
 and 2 X 3 is ^ the length; therefore, 1,225 -i- ^ = 612^ 
 feet. 
 
ON LUMBER SURVEYING. 23 
 
 New Turk Deal Shingle, S-Inch, No. 2. 
 
 Lengths, s § 
 
 5* 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 n 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 O 
 
 X 
 
 09 
 
 1^ 
 
 X 
 
 PS 
 
 CM 
 
 X 
 
 14 
 
 24 
 
 14 
 
 
 lA 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 IM 
 
 20 
 
 .'» 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 
 
 • •••• 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 10 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 7 
 
 36 
 
 20 
 
 30 
 
 11 
 8 
 
 IG 
 
 12 
 
 
 10 
 
 17 
 
 
 9 
 
 15 
 
 15 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 24 
 5 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 27 
 
 18 
 
 •• 2« 
 
 8 
 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 
 1) 
 2 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 
 10 
 
 19 
 
 21 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 20 
 
 12 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 
 10 
 
 21 
 
 
 lU 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 24 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 
 27 
 
 
 22 
 
 8 
 
 •••••• 
 
 12 
 
 23 
 
 
 15 
 
 
 3 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 2r 
 
 20 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 30 
 
 24 
 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 ■ ■•• 
 
 4 
 
 25 
 
 G 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 26 
 
 « 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 5 
 
 
 20 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 27 
 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 28 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 18 
 
 29 
 
 
 5 
 4 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 9 
 
 12 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 30 
 24 
 
 30 
 
 8 
 
 21 
 
 9 
 
 
 2ft 
 
 P. S. — New York deiil in from 12 feet up in length, and from 6 to 12 inuhes wide, and must 
 be good aprucc lumber, free from cracks, rots, or large knotx, etc. 
 

 t 
 
 : i 
 
 jI :I 
 
 24 SELF-INSTRUCTOR 
 
 Specification of New York Deal Shingle, No. 2. 
 
 
 .; 
 
 «o 
 
 t- 
 
 CO 
 
 Ci 
 
 o 
 1-^ 
 
 
 
 
 Lengths. 5 g 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 Contents. 
 
 ■p * 
 
 24 
 
 eo 
 14 
 
 P5 
 
 20 
 
 eo 
 16 
 
 e»s 
 18 
 
 eo 
 20 
 
 eo 
 30 
 
 
 14 
 
 4,571 
 
 15 
 
 36 
 
 20 
 
 30 
 
 11 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 3,098 
 
 16 
 
 12 
 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 1,548 
 
 17 
 
 
 9 
 
 24 
 
 15 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 27 
 
 4,420 
 
 18 
 
 26 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 9 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 2.744 
 
 19 
 
 21 
 
 12 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 1,838 
 
 20 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 2,095 
 
 21 
 
 
 16 
 
 27 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 2,667 
 
 22 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 12 
 
 1,991 
 
 23 
 
 27 
 
 
 20 
 
 24 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 20 
 
 5,089 
 
 24 
 
 
 15 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 2,070 
 
 25 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 9 
 
 8 
 
 2.494 
 
 26 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 20 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 3,750 
 
 27 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 2,315 
 
 28 
 
 
 18 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 2,429 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 11 
 
 9 
 
 12 
 
 5 
 
 
 10 
 
 4,40 i 
 
 30 
 
 24 
 
 20 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 21 
 
 9 
 
 5,790 
 
 Rule for finding the Contents of S-Inch Deals. 
 
 Multiply ^ of the length of the deals by the breadth of 
 them, for the contents. 
 
 This shingle is done the same way as the plank shingle 
 No. 1, excepting that ^ cf the lengths are taken instead of ^ 
 of them. 
 
ON LUMBER SURVEYING. 
 New York Deal Shingle, A-Jnck, No. 3. 
 
 25 
 
 
 1 
 
 CO 
 
 t» 
 
 00 
 
 CJ 
 
 o 
 
 1— 1 
 
 
 Lengths. 
 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 
 •* 
 
 t 
 
 ^ 
 
 "^ 
 
 ■^ 
 
 ■<t 
 
 ■^ 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 
 1 ,,,,,,,,, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 32 
 
 10 
 
 ••• 30 
 
 • • 
 
 12 
 
 14 
 
 17 
 
 5 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 • 
 
 
 • 
 
 
 
 
 24 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 
 iO 
 
 16 
 
 21 
 
 16 
 
 • •«• 
 
 ••••••• 
 
 • ••• 
 
 
 
 • t«« 
 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 13 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 * 
 
 •• 11 
 
 Iri 
 
 14 
 
 24 
 
 • ••• 
 
 9 
 
 18 
 
 
 • • 
 
 
 • «•• 
 
 • ■• 
 
 
 7 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 19 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 IG 
 
 
 5 
 
 20 
 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 21 
 
 
 
 
 
 • •«• 
 
 
 
 • «•• 
 
 
 
 • 25 
 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 22 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 12 
 
 11 
 
 23 
 
 8 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 
 •• 
 
 2 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 • ••• 
 
 
 • •• 
 
 • •• 
 
 
 
 24 
 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 ' 
 
 3 
 
 •• 11 
 
 6 
 
 JRule for Jinding the Contents of \-lnch Deals. 
 
 Multiply the length divided by 3 by the breadth for the 
 contents iu feet of board measure. 
 
H '-^ 
 
 26 
 
 SELF-INSTRUCTOR 
 
 What are the contents of 32 pieces 14 feet long and 4 X G ? 
 32 X 14 = 448 feet of running length, then 14 -j- 3 = 4§ 
 = ^ of length of each piece. And 4 X C inches by the 
 table is = 2 times the length, for the contents, therefore 
 448 X 2 = 81)0 feet = contents. By taking ^ of the 
 length, it is done thus, 32 pieces X 6, their breadth = 
 l'J2 X 4§ = 896 feet, contents. Or multiply the number 
 of ])ieces b}^ the length of one, and the product by g- of the 
 width of the deals tor the contents of 4-iuch. 
 
 Specif cation of New York Deal Shingle, 4-Inck, No. 3. 
 
 1 
 
 ■/■ 
 
 » 
 
 t- 
 
 QO 
 
 «i 
 
 
 
 fH 
 
 
 
 Lengths. £ 5 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 Contents. 
 
 "■ 
 
 32 
 
 10 
 
 30 
 
 12 
 
 14 
 
 17 
 
 5 
 
 
 14 
 
 4.653 
 
 15 
 
 24 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 
 10 
 
 16 
 
 21 
 
 4,150 
 
 16 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 4 13 
 
 2,133 
 
 17 
 
 9 
 
 
 7 
 
 11 
 
 18 
 
 14 24 
 
 4,709 
 
 18 
 
 7 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 1,398 
 
 19 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 
 5 
 
 1,887 
 
 20 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 2,607 
 
 31 
 
 25 
 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 2,891 
 
 22 
 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 12 ; 11 
 
 3,777 
 
 23 
 
 8 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1,380 
 
 24 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 11 
 
 6 
 
 2,832 
 
 
 Total, 32,417 feet. | 
 
ON LUMBER SURVEYING. 
 
 27 
 
 Solution of Specification No. 3. 
 
 No. Br. ] 
 
 Products. 
 
 No. Br. 
 
 'roducts. 
 
 No. Br. ] 
 
 Products. 
 
 32 X 6 
 
 192 
 
 9X G 
 
 54 
 
 8X6 
 
 48 
 
 10 X 7 
 
 70 
 
 8 X 7 
 
 56 
 
 6 X 7 
 
 42 
 
 5 X 12 
 
 60 
 
 11 X 9 
 
 99 
 
 3 X 9 
 
 27 
 
 30 X 8 
 
 240 
 
 18 X 10 = 
 
 180 
 
 2 X 10 
 
 20 
 
 12 X 9 
 
 108 
 
 14 X 11 
 
 154 
 
 10 X 11 
 
 110 
 
 14 X 10 
 
 140 
 
 24 X 12 
 
 288 
 
 12 X 12 
 
 144 
 
 17 X 11 — 
 
 187 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 831 
 
 
 391 
 
 
 997 
 
 17 -^ 3 
 
 5§ 
 
 20-7-3 
 
 6| 
 
 ^A • ^ — 
 
 4^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^3 
 
 Contents, 
 
 4,709 
 
 Contents, 
 
 2,607 
 
 
 
 Contents, 
 
 4,653 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 X 6 
 
 42 
 
 25 X 6 — 
 
 150 
 
 24 X 6 
 
 144 
 
 2 X 7 
 
 14 
 
 8X8 
 
 64 
 
 10 X 7 
 
 70 
 
 1 X 8 
 
 8 
 
 4X9 — 
 
 36 
 
 11 X 8 
 
 88 
 
 4X9 
 
 36 
 
 6 X 10 
 
 60 
 
 10 X 10 
 
 100 
 
 3 X 10 
 
 30 
 
 5 X 11 — 
 
 55 
 
 16 X 11 
 
 176 
 
 5 X 11 
 
 55 
 
 4 X 12 
 
 48 
 
 21 X 12 
 
 252 
 
 4 X 12 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 
 830 
 
 
 233 
 
 21 H- 3 
 
 413 
 
 7 
 
 15 ' 3 — 
 
 5 
 
 18 H- 3 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 Contents, 
 
 2,891 
 
 
 
 
 Contents, 
 
 4,150 
 
 Contents, 
 
 1,398 
 
 
 
 _ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6X7 — 
 
 42 
 
 4 X 6 
 
 24 
 
 7 X 6 
 
 42 
 
 7 X 8 
 
 56 
 
 7 X 7 
 
 49 
 
 4 X 7 
 
 28 
 
 7X9 — 
 
 63 
 
 4X8 
 
 32 
 
 4 X 8 
 
 32 
 
 9 X 10 — 
 
 90 
 
 5 X 9 
 
 45 
 
 4X9 — 
 
 36 
 
 12 X 11 
 
 132 
 
 5 X 10 
 
 50 
 
 10 X 10 
 
 100 
 
 11 X 12— 
 
 1.32 
 
 4 X 11 
 12 X 13 — 
 
 44 
 
 5 X 12 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 15fi 
 
 
 515 
 
 
 
 298 
 
 22 -T- 3 
 
 
 
 
 400 
 
 19 -^ 3 -t:: 
 
 ^h 
 
 
 
 1« -.•. 3 — 
 
 5I 
 
 Cnti fonts 
 
 3,777 
 
 
 "3 
 
 
 1,887 
 
 
 Contents, 
 
 2.133 
 
 
 
 
 I' 
 
'fr 
 
 
 28 
 
 SELF-INSTRUCTOR 
 
 Solution 
 
 of Specification 
 
 No. 3. - 
 
 - ( Continued.) 
 
 No. Br. Products. 
 8X6 48 
 3 X 7 — 21 
 2X8 — 16 
 3X9 27 
 
 1 X 10 10 
 
 2 X 11 22 
 
 3 X 12 36 
 
 No. Br. 
 6X6: 
 4X7: 
 
 5 X 8: 
 3 X 9: 
 3 X 10: 
 
 11 X 11: 
 
 6 X 12: 
 
 24 -^ 3: 
 
 Contents, 
 
 Products. 
 
 = 36 
 = 28 
 = 40 
 = 27 
 = 30 
 121 
 = 72 
 
 354 
 
 — 8 
 
 24 feet being the 
 length of the pieces 
 in the hist column, 
 I tak(? the ^ of it 
 8, and multiply it 
 by the product of 
 
 23-7-3=: 
 
 180 
 7f 
 
 the No. of pieces 
 and their breadths. 
 
 Contents, i,380 
 
 2,832 
 
 
 Rule for computing 5-inch Timber. 
 
 Multiply the number of pieces in each square of the 
 shingle, by their width as given in the top column, and the 
 product by the length divided by 2^ for the contents. 
 
 By multiplying the length of a 5-inch stick by the width 
 of the same, and the product by the length divided by 2g, 
 you will get the contents in feet of Board Measure. 
 
 Required the contents of 33 pieces 10 feet long of 5 
 X5. 
 
 1st Solution. — 33 X 1^ = 330 X 2yV = 687^ feet. 
 
 2c? Solution. — Find the contents of 10 pieces 33 feet 
 long and 5 by 5. 10 X 5 = 50, 33 -h 2§ = ^\ X ¥ = 
 •t^ =13f, therefore 50 X 13f = 687^ = Ans. 
 
ON LUMBER SURVEYING. 
 
 29 
 
 Timber 
 
 Shingle Five-inch, No. A 
 
 • 
 
 
 Dimen- 
 sions. 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 W5 
 
 X 
 
 in 
 
 o 
 
 X 
 
 Its 
 
 X 
 
 in 
 
 i-t 
 
 X 
 
 in 
 
 20 
 
 7 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 16 
 
 2 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 • •••• 
 
 6 
 
 21 
 
 8 
 
 •••••• 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 • •••• 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 •••• 
 
 4 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 22 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 ■ • 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 •• 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 23 
 
 
 6 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 24 
 
 •— 20 
 
 7 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 
 15 
 
 9 
 
 25 
 
 «• 
 
 2 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 26 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 30 
 
 
 .... j2 
 
 3 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 
 •• 10 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 31 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 
 ••• 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 9 
 
 32 
 
 
 7 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 * 
 
 1 
 
 33 
 
 •• 10 
 
 ...» 
 4 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 
 9 
 
'ff^^ 
 
 mmmmm 
 
 m \ 
 
 30 
 
 SELF-INSTRUCTOR 
 
 Specification of Five-inch Timber Shingle, No. 4. 
 
 1 
 
 C3 00 
 
 \a 
 
 » 
 
 »«• 
 
 flO 
 
 o> 
 
 o 
 
 1^ 
 
 «»j 
 
 
 Lengths. | g 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 Contents. 
 
 5 '■ 
 
 Ift 
 
 in 
 
 lA 
 
 to 
 
 «o 
 
 in 
 
 lA 
 
 in 
 
 
 20 
 
 7 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 16 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 2,941 
 
 21 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 3,167 
 
 22 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 2,778 
 
 23 
 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 3,191 
 
 24 
 
 20 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 15 
 
 9 
 
 6,570 
 
 25 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 1,865 
 
 26 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 2,004 
 
 30 
 
 
 12 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 10 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 4,025 
 
 31 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 9 
 
 4,405 
 
 32 
 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 2,387 
 
 33 
 
 10 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 9 
 
 4,345 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total, 36.678 feet. 
 
 Example, shoioing how to compute a d-inch Specijication. 
 
 No. Br. 
 
 No. Br. 
 
 No. Br. 
 
 No. Br. 
 
 7 X 5 — 35 
 
 8 X 5 — 40 
 
 6X5 30 
 
 6 X 6 — 36 
 
 2 X 6 — 12 
 
 6 X 6 — 36 
 
 5X6 30 
 
 2X7 14 
 
 5 X 7 — 35 
 
 5X 7 — 35 
 
 5X7 35 
 
 5 X 8 — 40 
 
 8 X 16 128 
 
 8X8 64 
 
 2X8 16 
 
 5X9 45 
 
 2X9 18 
 
 5X 9—45 
 
 3X9 27 
 
 8 X 10 80 
 
 1 X 10 — 10 
 
 5 X 10 50 
 
 5 X 10 50 
 
 2X11 22 
 
 5X11 55 
 
 4 X 11 44 
 
 5 X 11 — 55 
 
 8 X 12 96 
 
 5 X 12 60 
 
 4 X 12 — 48 
 
 5 X 12 60 
 
 
 353 
 
 362 
 
 303 
 
 333 
 
 *20-=-2* — 8^ 
 
 21-^2| 8| 
 
 22-^2^ — 9^ 
 
 23-h2^_9TV 
 
 Contents, 2,941 
 
 Contents, 3,167 
 
 Contents, 2,778 
 
 Contents, 3,191 
 
 * 20 feet, the length of tho pieces, divided by 2g, and the result, 8}, multiplied 
 by 353 = 2,941 feet = contents of 20 ft pieces. 
 
 Invert :i^ = ^^XY = ¥lI^ = 8i 
 
ON LUMBER SURVEYING. 
 Timber Shingle, Six-inch, No. 5. 
 
 81 
 
 1 
 
 Lengths, gg 
 
 g-E 
 
 CO 
 
 X 
 
 CO 
 
 X 
 
 CO 
 
 00 
 
 X 
 
 CO 
 
 X 
 
 CO 
 
 10 
 
 o 
 
 X 
 
 CO 
 
 II X 9 
 
 X 
 
 CO 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 • •• 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 ... 14 
 
 18 
 
 3 
 
 21 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 
 1 
 
 9 
 11 
 
 .... 20 
 .... 15 
 
 22 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 • ••#• 
 
 5 
 
 23 
 
 7 
 
 & 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 22 
 
 .... 15 
 
 24 
 
 
 • •• 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 • •• 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 t 
 
 9 
 
 10, " 2o! 
 
 1 
 
 26 
 
 7 
 
 • •• 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 
 11 
 
 1 
 
 ... 14 
 
 27 
 
 • •• 
 
 8 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 14 
 
 28 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 & 
 
 G 
 
 6 
 
 29 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 9 
 
 30 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 L- — . 1 
 
 Ride for finding the Contents of Q-inch Timber. 
 Multiply the number of pieces or dots by the width of 
 said pieces, and tlieu multiply the product by half the length 
 of one of the pieces, for the contents. 
 
^in 
 
 ¥ 
 
 82 
 
 SELF-INSTRUCTOR 
 
 \m 
 
 j 
 
 What are tho contents of 18 pieces of 6 X 6, and 20 feet 
 long? 18X C:=108; 20 -^ 2= 10, 108 X 10= 1,080 feet. 
 By the Tabic 6 X 6 is three times the length for the con- 
 tents, therefore 20 X 18 = 3G0 feet runnhig length; 360 feet 
 X 3 feet = 1,080. Ans. 1,080. 
 
 So we find the same result by both rules. 
 
 Specification of Timber Shinrile, No. 5. 
 
 
 , 1 1 1 O 1 ^ 
 
 (N 
 
 
 a « 
 
 o 
 
 t-- 
 
 CO 
 
 0) 
 
 >-• 
 
 .-( 
 
 fH 
 
 
 Lengths. g © 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 Contents. 
 
 (5" 
 
 CO 
 
 18 
 
 (O 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 10 
 
 CO 
 
 5 
 
 CO 
 
 10 
 
 CO 
 
 14 
 
 
 20 
 
 5.710 
 
 21 
 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 9 
 
 26 
 
 6,321 
 
 22 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 15 
 
 6.358 
 
 23 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 11 
 
 22 
 
 15 
 
 7,900 
 
 24 
 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 2,544 
 
 25 
 
 9 
 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 20 
 
 6,712 
 
 26 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 11 
 
 14 
 
 6.097 
 
 27 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 14 
 
 6,237 
 
 28 
 
 10 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 4,718 
 
 29 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 9 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 4,988 
 
 30 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 4,755 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total, 62,340 feet. 
 
 Examples showing how to compute the Specification No. 5 of 
 
 6-inch Timber. 
 
 Br. No. 
 
 Rr. No. 
 
 Br. No. 
 
 Br. No. 
 
 6 X 18 — 108 
 
 7 X 7 — 49 
 
 6X 7r 
 
 — 42 7 X 6 — 42 
 
 7X3 21 
 
 8X7 56 
 
 7X6 = 
 
 — 42 7 X 5 — 35 
 
 8X3 24 
 
 9 X 4 — 36 
 
 8X 6r 
 
 48 8 X 3 24 
 
 9 X 10 90 
 
 10 X 5 — 50 
 
 9X 5z 
 
 — 45 9 X 6 — 54 
 
 10 X 5 — 50 
 
 11 X 9 — 99 
 
 10 X 10 = 
 
 100 10 X 11 110 
 
 11 X 10 — 110 
 
 12 X 26 312 
 
 11 Xii = 
 
 — 121 11 X 22 — 242 
 
 12 X 14 168 
 
 
 12 X 15 = 
 
 = 180 12 X 15 = 180 
 
 571 
 
 602 
 
 
 578 687 
 
 20 -r- 2 10 
 
 21-^2 — 10^ 
 
 22 -i- 2 = 
 
 Contents, 
 
 11 23-^2 11^ 
 
 Contents, 5,710 
 
 Contents, 6,321 
 
 6,358 Contents, 7,900 
 
ON LUMBER SURVEYING. 
 
 88 
 
 What is the cost of a piece of pine timber 6 inches X 10 
 inches, and 38 feet in length @ 31 cts. per foot ? 
 
 ^ , . Jns. $6.65. 
 
 Solution, ^Length 38 --2 = 10; 19 X by the breadth 
 10 = 190 feet, contents. 190 feet @ 3h = $6.65. 
 
 By the Second liule. 6 inches X i"o inches = 5 times 
 the length, for the contents, therefore 38X5 = 190 feet 
 190 feet X 3^ cts. = $6.65. 
 
 Hitk for finding the Contents of l-inch Timber. 
 Multiply the width by the length, divided by If 
 
 Required the contents of a piece of timber 7X7 and 20 
 feet lonof ? 
 
 Divide the length, 20 feet, by 1^20 -M^ = il|), and 
 multiply the breadth, 7 inches, by the quotient, 11§. 
 
 !•'!=¥; ¥Xl = ^$i = 81f feet = content8 in su- 
 perficial feet. 
 
 2d Operation. - By the table 7 X 7 is = to 4tV times 
 the length, for the contents, therefore 20 feet X 4tV = 81^ 
 feet = contents. ^ 
 
 Timber is oflen surveyed and the contents marked on 
 each piece, and then put down on a shingle for contents in 
 Its proper column. 
 
 0. 
 
 
 6 — 
 
 42 
 
 5 = 
 
 35 
 
 3 — 
 
 24 
 
 6 = 
 
 54 
 
 1 — 
 
 110 
 
 9. — 
 
 242 
 
 5 
 
 180 
 
 3 
 
84 
 
 SELF-INSTRUCTOR 
 
 Timber Shingle 
 
 , Scven-inch. 
 
 iVb. 6, and 
 
 Speeiji 
 
 cation. 
 
 Lengths, g 3 
 5* 
 
 I* 
 
 X 
 
 24 
 
 00 
 
 X 
 1^ 
 
 9> 
 
 X 
 
 o 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 ContentH. 
 
 20 
 
 IG 
 6 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 
 16 
 
 6 
 
 9,321 
 
 
 18 
 8 
 8 
 
 21 
 
 7 
 
 5,059 
 
 9 
 
 22 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 7 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 10,062 
 
 23 
 
 
 .... 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 8 
 5 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 10,062 
 
 
 9 
 21 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 27 
 
 24 
 
 8 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 7,420 
 
 9 
 
 25 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 •• 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 3,807 
 
 26 
 
 14 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1,493 
 
 27 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 5,197 
 
 28 
 
 7 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 5,390 
 
 29 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 5,988 
 
 30 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 3 
 
 6,755 
 
 31 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 5,624 
 
 i; ! 
 
ition. 
 
 ^ontentH. 
 
 9,321 
 
 5,059 
 10,062 
 10,062 
 7,420 
 3,807 
 1,493 
 5,197 
 5,390 
 5,988 
 6,755 
 5,624 
 
 ON LUMBER SURVEYING. 
 Timber Shingle^ Eiyht-inch. No. 7. 
 
 85 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 g x 
 
 Lengths. g 5 
 
 5* 
 
 00 
 
 X 
 
 OO 
 
 9> 
 
 X 
 
 CO 
 
 o 
 
 FN 
 
 X 
 
 QO 
 
 II X8 
 
 2 
 
 X 
 
 26 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 12 
 
 • •••• 
 
 6 
 
 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 18 
 
 27 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 28 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 29 
 
 • ■••• 
 
 5 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 • •• 
 
 8 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 
 • •••• 
 
 6 
 
 30 
 
 ••• 
 
 3 
 
 
 8 
 8 
 4 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 81 
 
 
 6 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 4 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 32 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 5 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 33 
 
 5 
 
 • •• 
 
 8 
 
 34 
 
 • « 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 
 • •••• 
 
 5 
 
 •• 
 2 
 
 S5 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 7 
 
 36 
 
 
 6 
 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 37 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 .S2 
 
 24 
 
 21 
 
 
 Rule for jinding the Contents of S bg S Timber. 
 Divide the length by 1^, and multiply the quotient by the 
 width of the timber for the contents in feet of board 
 
 measure. 
 
'ff-— ■ 
 
 86 
 
 SELF-INSTRUCTOR 
 
 
 ■li 
 
 Example showing how the firt column of 8-hich specifi- 
 cation is (K)iic. 
 
 26-f-l^=-). 
 Invert tlic divisor, 
 
 Br. 
 
 Nu. plecefl each 20 feet long 
 
 8X 
 
 12 
 
 — DO 
 
 9X 
 
 IH 
 
 — 1G2 
 
 10 X 12: 
 
 — 120 
 
 11 X 
 
 9 
 
 — 1)9 
 
 12 X 
 
 7 
 
 — 84 
 5G1 
 
 2G : 
 
 H-- 
 
 = 14 
 
 2244 
 5G1 
 
 7854 feet= contents. 
 Specification Shinyle, Eight-inch. No. 7. 
 
 g ^ 
 
 00 
 
 05 
 
 o 
 
 1-^ 
 
 
 
 Lengths, g g 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 Contents. 
 
 (5 ■■' 
 
 oo 
 
 00 
 
 18 
 
 GO 
 
 QO 
 
 00 
 
 
 26 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 7 
 
 7,854 
 
 27 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 4,392 
 
 28 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 3.845 
 
 29 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 4,698 
 
 80 
 
 10 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 6,660 
 
 81 
 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 3,782 
 
 82 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 3,029 
 
 33 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 6,314 
 
 84 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 4,103 
 
 85 
 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 9 
 
 
 4,060 
 
 86 
 
 12 
 
 6 
 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 8,040 
 
 37 
 
 15 
 
 7 
 
 24 
 
 21 
 
 32 
 
 38,406 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total, 9,6183 feet. 
 
m 
 
 l83 
 
 feet. 
 
 ON LUMBKR SURVEYING. 87 
 
 Timber Shingle, Nine-inch. No, 8. 
 
 til 
 LtiiigtiiH. a 5 
 
 g-2 
 
 ! 6X6 
 
 i 
 
 o 
 X 
 
 9) 
 
 II X 6 
 
 IN 
 
 X 
 
 5 
 
 26 
 
 6 
 
 
 6 
 
 u 
 
 27 
 
 
 la 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 
 18 
 
 28 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 ••• 
 
 3 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 «• 
 
 29 
 
 8 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 30 
 
 6 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 • ••■ 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 31 
 
 8 
 
 • •• 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 32 
 
 5 
 
 •• 
 
 2 
 
 •• 
 
 2 
 
 15 
 3 
 3 
 6 
 
 • a* 
 
 3 
 
 33 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 34 
 
 •• 
 
 2 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 • ••* 
 
 4 
 
 • •••« 
 
 6 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 35 
 
 2 
 
 36 
 
 6 
 
 Hide for Jinding the Contents of Nine-inch Timber. 
 
 Divide the length by 1^ and multiply the quotient by the 
 breadth of the stick for the contents. 
 
 Required the contents of a piece of timber 9 X 12 inches 
 and 26 feet long? 
 
 26 -J- ^= 10^. 191 X 12 = 234 = contents. 
 
li 
 
 il;|l 
 
 6S 
 
 SELF-INSTRUCTOR 
 Timber Shingle, Teii-inch. No. 9. 
 
 • 
 
 Lengths. g § 
 
 10 X 10 
 
 10 X 11 
 
 10 X 12 
 
 26 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 13 
 5 
 
 36 
 
 27 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 28 
 
 
 6 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 6 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 • •• 
 
 8 
 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 29 
 
 8 
 
 30 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 31 
 
 32 
 
 ••• 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 27 
 6 
 
 ••• 
 
 3 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 33 
 
 5 
 
 •• 
 
 2 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 34 
 
 6 
 
 35 
 
 5 
 
 36 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 2\ 
 
 1 
 

 12 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 11 
 
 • 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 • • 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 • 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 • • 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 >•• 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 • ••• 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 ■'i 
 
 ON LUMBER SURVEYING. 39 
 
 Specification of Timber Shingle, Nine-inch. No. 8. 
 
 1 1 
 
 pr 
 
 CO 
 
 Dimen- 
 sions. 
 
 X 
 
 o 
 
 X 
 
 0) 
 
 1-* 
 
 X 
 
 (N 
 
 X 
 
 C5 
 
 Contents. 
 
 26 
 
 6 
 
 14 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 6.240 
 
 27 
 
 18 
 
 12 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 8,039 
 
 28 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 2,436 
 
 29 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 2.958 
 
 30 
 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 3,195 
 
 31 
 
 8 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 4,510 
 
 32 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 15 
 
 6,888 
 
 33 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 2,945 
 
 34 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 3,009 
 
 35 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 4,541 
 
 36 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 3,267 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Contents, 48,028 feet. 
 
 1 
 
 pi 
 
 Specification of 
 
 Timber 
 
 Shingle, Ten4nch. No. 9. 
 
 1 
 
 Lengths. | § 
 
 5* 
 
 o 
 
 X 
 
 o 
 36 
 
 FN 
 
 X 
 
 © 
 
 I-H 
 
 X 
 
 o 
 5 
 
 Contentj. 
 
 26 
 
 13 
 
 12,198 
 
 27 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 3.297 
 
 28 
 
 11 
 
 5 
 
 11 
 
 6.9:J0 
 
 29 
 
 8 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 3,891 
 
 30 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 3,850 
 
 31 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 2,428 
 
 32 
 
 27 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 9.040 
 
 33 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 4,587 
 
 34 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 3,513 , 
 
 35 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 2,683 
 
 36 
 
 12 
 
 25 
 
 24 
 
 20,490 
 
 
 
 Contents, 72,907 feet. 
 
 
* '^isa 
 
 
 { IHllll 
 
 t I IMI I 'I' 
 
 40 
 
 SELF-INSTRUCTOR 
 
 Hide for Ten-inch Timber. 
 
 Divide the length by 1^ and multiply the quotient by the 
 breadth, for the contents in feet of board measure. 
 
 Reciuired the contents of a stick 36 feet long 10 inches by 
 11 inches? 
 
 3G-J- U==30, and 30 X 11 = 330 feet = contents. 
 
 2d Solution. — By the table 10 X H is 9 J times the 
 length, for the contents; therefore, 36 feetX ^^h = 330 feet 
 = contents. 
 
 Examples showing how 9 and 10 inch specifications are 
 made out. 
 
 Nine^inch. 
 
 Br. Pieces. Pro. 
 
 9 X 6= 54 
 10X14 = 140 
 
 11 X 6= 66 
 
 12 X 5= 60 
 
 S20 
 
 
 Ten-inch 
 
 • 
 
 Br. 
 
 Pieces. 
 
 Pro. 
 
 10X36 = 
 
 360 
 
 11 
 
 X13 = 
 
 143 
 
 12 
 
 563 
 
 X 5- 
 
 GO 
 563 
 
 2 
 
 
 21 
 
 26-^ U = 
 
 191 
 
 2880 
 320 
 160 
 
 Contents = 6240 
 Length, 26 -^ 1^; 1^ = 
 §. Inverted : 
 
 3)1126 
 
 375 
 
 563 
 1126 
 375 
 
 |;|X ¥ 
 
 12,198 feet 
 Length, 26 -f- 1 1 ; 1 ^ = 
 ^ = inverted to g ; ^ X ¥ 
 
 130 91 2 
 
 7rt lOi 
 
 4 — ^"^a* 
 
 P. S. — All the specifications in this book are done in a 
 manner similar to the specification of the Plauk Shingle 
 No. 1. 
 
ON LUMBER SURVEYING. 
 Eleven-inch Shingle No. 10. 
 
 41 
 
 Lengths. 
 
 1 
 
 E.2 
 
 pH 
 
 X 
 
 IN 
 
 X 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 24 
 
 30 
 
 21 
 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 22 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 9 
 
 23 
 
 
 4 
 
 • ■ 
 
 2 
 
 24 
 
 
 • •••• 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 ■ 
 
 6 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 
 26 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 27 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 28 
 
 6 
 
 •• 
 
 2 
 
 29 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 30 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 I 
 
 a 
 o 
 
 pC 
 
 ^ 
 
 i. :i 
 
 
 -§ 
 
 <4i 
 
 
 
 a» 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 « 
 
 '_^\ 
 
 s 
 
 >-. 
 
 •Ka 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 j^ 
 
 ■4«* 
 
 O 
 
 •^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 03 
 
 "a 
 
 X 
 
 a 
 
 ^ 
 
 O CO 
 
 ^ o 
 
 •ill 
 
 = x 
 
 C; GO 
 
 ■*-> o C " 
 
 ^ .s 1 -- 
 
■fT 
 
 
 •i'S' 
 
 (iii 
 
 !|l 
 
 P 
 
 III! I III 
 
 lilllli 
 
 tiii^Ml' 
 
 ! flP'f 
 
 42 
 
 SELF-INSTRUCTOR 
 Timber Shingle, Twelve-inch, No. 11. 
 
 
 1 
 
 Lengths. g § 
 
 5" 
 
 X 
 
 l-H 
 
 X 
 
 l-H 
 
 l-H 
 
 X 
 
 CO 
 
 l-H 
 
 X 
 
 o 
 
 X 
 
 20 
 
 
 •••• 
 
 4 
 
 •••• 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 16 
 
 ic 
 
 21 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 •• 
 
 2 
 
 22 
 
 4 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 ••• 
 
 8 
 
 23 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 24 
 
 8 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 25 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 ■ 
 
 1 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 26 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 •••• 
 
 4 
 
 27 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 
 • ■ 
 
 2 
 
 ••• 
 
 8 
 
 28 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 29 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 •• 
 
 2 
 
 80 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 
 •• 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 .:j 
 
 Jiule for Ttvelve-inch Timber. 
 
 Multiply the length hy the width for the contents in feet. 
 Required, the contents of 16 pieces of 12 X -^^ hich timher, 
 and 20 feet long? 16 X 20=320. 320 X 20 = 6,400 
 feet = contents in feet of board ineasui-e. 
 
ON LUMBER SURVEYING. 
 Specification of Shingle No. 10. 
 
 43 
 
 
 o 
 
 X 
 
 
 16 
 
 • « 
 
 2 
 
 • •t 
 
 8 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 • •••• 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 Lengths, g 3 
 
 g-3 
 
 11 X 11 
 
 11 X 12 
 
 Contents. 
 
 20 
 
 24 
 
 36 
 
 12.760 
 
 21 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 2,194 
 
 22 
 
 9 
 
 3 
 
 2.722 
 
 23 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 1.434 
 
 24 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 1.774 
 
 25 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 2,085 
 
 26 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 834 
 
 27 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 2,252 
 
 28 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 2.028 
 
 29 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 3.030 
 
 30 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 2,272 
 
 
 
 Total, 33.285 
 
 
 Specific 
 
 ?a<io?i of Shingle No. 
 
 11. 
 
 
 1 
 
 Lengths, g % 
 
 g'2 
 
 IN 
 
 X 
 
 (N 
 
 I— 1 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 00 
 
 X 
 
 (N 
 
 o 
 
 X 
 
 Contents. 
 
 20 
 
 25 
 
 16 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 16 
 
 19,600 
 
 21 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 2,898 
 
 22 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4.180 
 
 23 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 2,162 
 
 24 
 
 8 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 7,776 
 
 25 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 3.800 
 
 26 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 4,420 
 
 27 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 5 670 
 
 28 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 6,720 
 
 29 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 4,756 
 
 30 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 7,080 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 , 69,071 
 
yoa 
 
 44 
 
 SELF-INSTRUCTOR 
 
 I 
 
 hi 
 
 Hide for finding the Contents of Battens or TtvO'Cnd-a- 
 
 Half-inch Stuff. 
 
 Inch. 
 
 Inch. 
 
 
 What are the contents 
 
 2i X 2 _ A 
 
 2iX 8 = 
 
 = 1^ 
 
 of a batten 22 ft. long 2^ 
 
 2^ X 3 -^ f 
 
 2iX 9 = 
 
 = 1& 
 
 niches by 12 inches ? 
 
 2iX 4 f 
 
 2^X 10 = 
 
 = 2,V 
 
 By this rule 2^ X 12 
 
 2iX5_l5>4 
 
 2^X11 = 
 
 = 2,7^ 
 
 is — 2^ times the lenjrth, 
 
 2^ X 6 \\ 
 
 2iX 12 = 
 
 = 21 
 
 for the contents, therefore 
 
 2iX7_lJi 
 
 
 
 22 ft. X '^h — »'5ft- ^ns. 
 
 Batten Shingle, No. 12. 
 
 OR 
 
 Dimen- 
 sions. 
 
 X 
 
 IN 
 
 t* 
 
 X 
 
 <N 
 
 X 
 
 Him 
 
 IN 
 
 X 
 
 IN 
 
 o 
 
 X 
 
 <N 
 
 X 
 
 IN 
 
 (N 
 
 PH 
 
 X 
 
 IN 
 
 20 
 
 15 
 
 8 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 12 
 
 4 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 
 .... 45 
 
 21 
 
 8 
 
 ••• 
 
 3 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 22 
 
 
 4 
 
 • •• 
 
 8 
 
 • •• 
 
 8 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 ••• 
 
 3 
 
 9 
 
 23 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 •••• 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 24 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 12 
 
 25 
 
 6 
 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 ••• 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 ••• 
 
 3 
 
 •• 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 26 
 
 
 8 
 
 • ••• 
 
 4 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 
 •• 
 
 2 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 • •• 
 
 3 
 
 .... 24 
 
ON LUMBER SURVEYING. 
 
 45 
 
 (M 
 
 X 
 
 12 
 
 Rule for Jinding the Contents of Battens. 
 
 Divide the length of the piece by 4^, and multiply the 
 product by the breadth of the i)iece, for the contents in feet ; 
 or multiply the length by the number given in the table for 
 the contents. Ans. 80 feet. 
 
 What aie the contents of a batten 24 feet long 2^ by G ? 
 
 2^ X G, by the Table, is = to 1 ^ times the length ; 24 X 
 
 = 80 feet. 
 
 Second Solution. — 24 -j- 4^ = 5 ; 5 X G = 30 feet. 
 
 The spcciiication is made out according to the last solution. 
 
 Specif nation of Batten Shingle, No. 12. 
 
 n 
 
 
 o 
 
 t^ 
 
 00 
 
 C5 
 
 o 
 
 1^ 
 
 
 
 a m 
 Lengths, g § 
 
 5" 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 —I'M 
 
 2 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 IN 
 
 4 
 
 Contents. 
 
 20 
 
 45 
 
 15 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 12 
 
 2,812 
 
 21 
 
 8 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 1.080 
 
 22 
 
 9 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 917 
 
 23 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1.073 
 
 24 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 12 
 
 1.880 
 
 25 
 
 6 
 
 9 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 1,276 
 
 26 
 
 24 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 1,7G5 
 
 
 
 
 Total, 10,803 
 
 Random Shingle No. 13, for any Dimension. 
 {Contents given in the Columns.) 
 
 a £ 
 
 100 
 200 
 2o() 
 300 
 275 
 8G8 
 210 
 450 
 150 
 
 CO 
 
 X 
 
 700 
 120 
 160 
 240 
 100 
 120 
 200 
 250 
 
 X 
 
 250 
 210 
 640 
 120 
 240 
 I.tO 
 180 
 200 
 160 
 
 CO 
 
 X 
 
 CI 
 
 150 
 
 250 
 300 
 350 
 4<»0 
 500 
 120 
 240 
 60 
 
 CI 
 
 r— t 
 
 X 
 
 120 
 210 
 150 
 320 
 150 
 210 
 641 
 120 
 
 X 
 
 CO 
 
 120 
 100 
 100 
 210 
 120 
 250 
 100 
 100 
 
 X 
 
 CO 
 
 150 
 120 
 (iO 
 20 
 40 
 36 
 12 
 
 1— c 
 
 X 
 
 250 
 160 
 500 
 250 
 
 00 
 
 X 
 
 210 
 
 420 
 150 
 600 
 500 
 120 
 
 ? 
 
 210 
 410 
 210 
 312 
 200 
 100 
 100 
 
 1-1 
 
 X 
 
 O 
 rH 
 
 120 
 250 
 120 
 120 
 200 
 120 
 100 
 
 2 
 X 
 
 ox 
 
 I-l 
 
 120 
 120 
 600 
 150 
 120 
 210 
 100 
 
 CO 
 
 X 
 
 160 
 120 
 150 
 100 
 200 
 150 
 200 
 150 
 
 C5 
 
 X 
 
 200 
 200 
 
 2r,() 
 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 200 
 
 rH 
 
 X 
 
 120 
 210 
 l.'iO 
 120 
 150 
 100 
 200 
 120 
 
46 
 
 SKLF-INSTRUCTOR 
 
 I IMS! 
 
 iiilii 
 
 Method of keeping Shingle No. 13. 
 
 The contents are found by the Board Rule and marked 
 on each piece, and afterwards placed in the proper column in 
 the shingle. 
 
 What is the total number of feet of merchantable spruce 
 lumber in Random Shingle, No. 13. Ans. 23,464 feet. 
 
 Random Shingle, No. 14. 
 [Running Lengtlis given in the Columns.) 
 
 s 
 
 to 
 
 00 
 
 <s> 
 
 la 
 
 « 
 
 tt> 
 
 t- 
 
 O) 
 
 s 
 
 
 Contents of the 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 wliole. 
 
 100 
 
 CO 
 
 80 
 
 100 
 
 200 
 
 72 
 
 120 
 
 to 
 100 
 
 l- 
 
 120 
 
 I- 
 
 20 
 
 00 
 120 
 
 O 
 
 60 
 
 
 3X 6= 1,045 
 
 100 
 
 6'l 
 
 150 
 
 100 
 
 72 
 
 lOi) 
 
 10() 
 
 100 
 
 18 
 
 150 
 
 20 
 
 2X10= 2,833 
 
 25 
 
 40 
 
 210 
 
 75 
 
 60 
 
 150 
 
 120 
 
 100 
 
 16 
 
 120 
 
 40 
 
 4X 3= 4,186 
 
 125 
 
 20 
 
 110 
 
 60 
 
 40 
 
 100 
 
 2ii0 
 
 40 
 
 24 
 
 100 
 
 20' 
 
 4X 'J= 2,970 
 
 IW 
 
 15 
 
 200 
 
 40 
 
 18 
 
 110 
 
 110 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 100 
 
 100; 
 
 5X 6= 1,096 
 
 2(10 
 
 - 
 
 _ 
 
 20 
 
 19 
 
 70 
 
 120 
 
 loo 
 
 18 
 
 200 
 
 lOOi 
 
 6X «= 2,137 
 
 KK) 
 
 28 
 
 150 
 
 10 
 
 20 
 
 60 
 
 150 
 
 60 
 
 10 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 6X 6= 3-525 
 
 100 
 
 30 
 
 120 
 
 75 
 
 70 
 
 40 
 
 loo 
 
 60 
 
 19 
 
 150 
 
 _ 
 
 7X 7= 2,797 
 
 100 
 
 72 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 60 
 
 20 
 
 60 
 
 40 
 
 24 
 
 250 
 
 150 
 
 7X 9= 1,118 
 
 200 
 
 150 
 
 12' 
 
 150 
 
 40 
 
 30 
 
 40 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 loo 
 
 200 
 
 8X10=10,466 
 
 150 
 
 9f5 
 
 150 
 
 liO 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 15 
 
 - 
 
 120 
 
 i2o: 
 
 10X12=10,600 
 
 400 
 
 100 
 
 160 
 
 100 
 
 15 
 
 20 
 
 25 
 
 20 
 
 18 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 1 
 
 
 1700 
 
 697 
 
 1570 
 
 990 
 
 20 
 526 
 
 16 
 
 855 
 
 3a 
 
 1175 
 
 685 
 
 213 
 
 60 
 
 150 
 1050 
 
 
 1570 
 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 •if, 
 
 3 
 
 2] 
 
 2,^, 
 
 3 
 
 4A 
 
 5i 
 
 61 
 
 10 
 
 Total . 42,673 ft. 
 
 1700 
 
 (597 
 
 3140 
 
 2970 
 
 1052 
 
 1710 
 
 3525 
 
 2740 
 
 106.5 
 
 9420 
 
 10500 
 
 
 1133 
 
 318 
 
 1046 
 
 
 44 
 
 427 
 
 
 57 
 
 53 
 
 1046 
 
 
 
 2833 
 
 1U45 
 
 4186 
 
 
 1096 
 
 2137 
 
 
 2797 
 
 1118 
 
 10463 
 
 
 
ON LUMBER SURVEYING. 
 
 47 
 
 
 
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 t 
 ft 
 S2 
 
 g 
 
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 48 
 
 SELF-INSTRUCTOR 
 
 Jinle shotviiig how Table B is calculated. 
 Divide the area or contents of the end into the given 
 number of feet of contents, and the quotient will be the 
 number of feet of running lengths, equivalent to the given 
 number of feet of contents. 
 
 1. What number of feet in length of 10 inches by 12 
 inches will be equal to 1,000 feet contents. 
 
 By the table 10 inches X 12 inches is 10 times the length, 
 for the contents ; therefore, l,000-^10=100 feet in length. 
 
 2. How many feet of 2 X 3 are equal to 1,000 feet of 
 contents ? 
 
 2 X 3 = i the length ; therefore, 1,000 X 2 = 2,000 
 feet = length required. 
 
 Table C. — Number of Feet of the folUncing Dimensions of Timber 
 that will make 1,000 Feet, Cubic or Solid Measurement. 
 
 DimensiuDS. 
 
 No. of Feet 
 iu Lengtli. 
 
 Cubic 
 Feet. 
 
 Dimensions. 
 
 No. of Feet 
 iu Length. 
 
 No. of ft. 
 of Cubic 
 Measure. 
 
 5 X 
 
 5 
 
 5,760 
 
 1,000 
 
 7 X 12 
 
 l,714f 
 
 1,000 
 
 5 X 
 
 6 
 
 4,800 
 
 1,000 
 
 8X8 
 
 2,250 
 
 1,000 
 
 5 X 
 
 7 
 
 4,114^ 
 
 1,000 
 
 8X9 
 
 2,000 
 
 1,000 
 
 5 X 
 
 8 
 
 3,600 
 
 1,000 
 
 8 X 10 
 
 1,800 
 
 1,000 
 
 5 X 
 
 9 
 
 3,200 
 
 1,000 
 
 8 X 11 
 
 1,636t4j- 
 
 1,000 
 
 5 X 
 
 10 
 
 2 880 
 
 1,000 
 
 8 X 12 
 
 1.500 
 
 1,000 
 
 5 X 
 
 11 
 
 2,618T2r 
 
 1,000 
 
 9X9 
 
 1,7775 
 
 1,000 
 
 5 X 
 
 12 
 
 2,400 
 
 1,000 
 
 9 X 10 
 
 1,600 
 
 1,000 
 
 6 X 
 
 6 
 
 4,000 
 
 1,000 
 
 9 X 11 
 
 1,455^^ 
 
 1,000 
 
 6 X 
 
 7 
 
 3,428f 
 
 1,000 
 
 9 X 12 
 
 1,333^ 
 
 1,000 
 
 6 X 
 
 8 
 
 3,000 
 
 1,000 
 
 10 X 10 
 
 1,440 
 
 1,000 
 
 6 X 
 
 9 
 
 2,666f 
 
 1,000 
 
 10 X 11 
 
 l,309yV 
 
 1,000 
 
 6 X 
 
 10 
 
 2,400 
 
 1,000 
 
 10 X 12 
 
 1,200 
 
 1.000 
 
 6 X 
 
 11 
 
 2,181^^ 
 
 1,000 
 
 11 X 11 
 
 l,190i\\ 
 
 1,000 
 
 6 X 
 
 12 
 
 2,000 
 
 1,000 
 
 11 X 12 
 
 1,090}^ 
 
 1,000 
 
 7 X 
 
 7 
 
 2,9383| 
 
 1,000 
 
 12 X 12 
 
 1,000 
 
 1,000 
 
 7 X 
 
 8 
 
 2,571^ 
 
 1,000 
 
 14 X 16 
 
 642^ 
 
 1,000 
 
 7 X 
 
 9 
 
 2.285f 
 
 1,000 
 
 16 X 18 
 
 500 
 
 1,000 
 
 7 X 
 
 10 
 
 2,057| 
 
 1,000 
 
 18 X 20 
 
 400 
 
 1,000 
 
 7X 
 
 11 
 
 l,870|f 
 
 1,000 
 
 20 X 22 
 
 327t\ 
 
 1,000 
 
 " 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 1,000 
 
 22 X 24 
 
 272i\ 
 
 1,000 
 
ON LUMBER SURVEYING. 
 
 49 
 
 Hule showing how Table C is computed. 
 
 Multiply the breadth and width in inches together, and 
 divide the product by 144, the number of inches in a square 
 foot, and the quotient divided into the given number of cubic 
 feet will give the number of feet in length, ec^ual to said 
 number of feet. 
 
 How many feet running length of 6 inches X G inches are 
 equal to 1,000 cubic feet? J71S. 4,000 feet. 
 
 6 X 6 = 36 ; 36 -4- 144 = ^Y* = i ; i inverted = to t 
 X U)^"-« = -tOjai) = 4,000 feet of running lengths = 1 ,000 
 cubic feet. 
 
 1,000 
 
 1,000 
 
 1,000 
 
 1,000 
 
 1,000 
 
 1,000 
 
 1.000 
 
 1,000 
 
 1,000 
 
 1,000 
 
 1,000 
 
 1,000 
 
 1,000 
 
 1,000 
 
 1,000 
 
 1,000 
 
 1,000 
 
 1,000 
 
 1,000 
 
 1,000 
 
 1,000 
 
 Table showing the Numbers to multiply the Lengths of the 
 following Dimensions by in order to find the Contents 
 in Cubic Feet. 
 
 Dimension. 
 
 No. 
 
 Dimension. 
 
 No. 
 
 Dimension. 
 
 N'o. 
 
 5 X 5 
 
 -* 
 
 7 X 
 
 11 — 
 
 /?V 
 
 12 X 
 
 16 -r: 
 
 H 
 
 5 X 6 
 
 -A 
 
 7 X 
 
 12 — 
 
 ^h 
 
 13 X 
 
 14 ^- 
 
 in 
 
 5X7 
 
 m 
 
 8 X 
 
 8 — 
 
 ^ 
 
 14 X 
 
 16 ^-. 
 
 1^ 
 
 5X8 
 
 5 
 15 
 
 8 X 
 
 9 — 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 16 X 
 
 18 — 
 
 2 
 
 6X9 
 
 -tv 
 
 8 X 
 
 10 
 
 tl 
 
 16 X 
 
 20 ^- 
 
 2f 
 
 5 X 10 
 
 n 
 
 8 X 
 
 11 — 
 
 \\ 
 
 18 X 
 
 20 rrr 
 
 H 
 
 5 X 11 
 
 - tV* 
 
 8 X 
 
 12 — 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 20 X 
 
 22 — 
 
 3t3 
 
 5 X 12 
 
 -tV 
 
 9 X 
 
 9 — 
 
 Iff 
 
 22 X 
 
 2t rr-. 
 
 H 
 
 6 X 6 
 
 — JL 
 4 
 
 9 X 
 
 10 — 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 24 X 
 
 26 = 
 
 4^ 
 
 6 X 7 
 
 -/t 
 
 9 X 
 
 11 — 
 
 H 
 
 26 X 
 
 28 — 
 
 5tV 
 
 6X8 
 
 — A 
 
 ..... ^ 
 
 9 X 
 
 12 
 
 4 
 
 28 X 
 
 30 —. 
 
 H 
 
 6 X 9 
 
 -f 
 
 10 X 
 
 10 — 
 
 u 
 
 30 X 
 
 32 — 
 
 6f 
 
 6 X 10 
 
 -tV 
 
 10 X 
 
 11 
 
 H 
 
 32 X 
 
 34 — 
 
 7^ 
 
 6 X 11 
 
 - h\ 
 
 10 X 
 
 12 — 
 
 
 34 X 
 
 36 — 
 
 8i 
 
 6 X 12 
 
 i 
 
 11 X 
 
 11 
 
 m 
 
 36 X 
 
 38 r^ 
 
 9^ 
 
 7X 7 
 
 = tV? 
 
 11 X 
 
 12 = 
 
 H 
 
 38 X 
 
 40 —. 
 
 10i{ 
 
 7 X 8 
 
 -■/tt 
 
 12 X 
 
 12 — 
 
 1 
 
 40 X 
 
 42 — 
 
 111 
 
 7X9 
 
 = A 
 
 12 X 
 
 14 — 
 
 H 
 
 42 X 
 
 44 = 
 
 12^ 
 
 7X 10 
 
 -n 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
'I < 
 
 SKLF-INSTRUCTOR 
 
 QUKSTI0N3 FOK KXKUCISK. 
 
 1. Required the nutnl)er of solid feet in a timber G inches 
 X ^' inches and 40 feet long? A)is. 10 feet. 
 
 Solution. — G X C = ] of length, therefore \ of 40 = 
 10 feet. 
 
 2. AVhat is the solidity of a j>iece of 6-inch X 12-iii('h 
 timber 72 feet long ? Ans. 3G feet. 
 
 15y the table G X 12= 2 ^^^ length , the contents; 
 therefore J- X 72 = M) feet. 
 
 3. What number of cubic feet are there in a piece of 
 timber 40 I'eet long, 22 inches X ^'1 inches ? 
 
 Ans. 146§ feet. 
 
 4. Reqiiirei? the number of feet in a piece of timber 32 
 feet long, 5 incl'es X 1- inches? Ans. 13^ feet. 
 
 Solution. — ^2 feet X tV =13^ feet = contents. 
 
 5. What number of cubic feet in the following pieces, 
 namely, 6 pieces GO feet long 12 inches X IC inches, and 12 
 pieces 35 feet long and IG inches X 1^ inches? 
 
 \ns. 15,840 feet. 
 
 6. What are the contents in cubic f " G pieces of 20 
 inches X '^4 inches and 35 feet long ? 
 
 Ans. 1 1 1 § cubic feet. 
 
 7. What number of cubic feet in a piece of timber 28 
 inches X 30 inches and GO feet long? Ans. 350 cubic feet. 
 
 Solution. — GO X ^ij =; 350 feet of cubic measm-e. 
 
 8. Required the contents in cubic feet of a piece of pine 
 timber 30 inches X 32 inches and 30 feet in length ? 
 
 Ans. 200 feet. 
 
 9. ITow many tons of timber (allowing 42 cubic feet to 
 the ton) in a piece of timber 38 inches X 40 inches and 45 
 feet long? Ans. 11|^ tons. 
 
 10. What will be the cost of a piece of pine timber 18 
 inches X 20 inches and 30 feet in length @ 30 cents per 
 cubic foot ? Ans. $22.50. 
 
ON LUMBER SUHVEYING. 
 
 51 
 
 nchcs 
 ) feet. 
 40 = 
 
 2-iiK',li 
 G i'eet. 
 ileiitH ; 
 
 ece 
 
 of 
 
 6§ feet, 
 fiber 32 
 3^ feet. 
 
 pieces, 
 , and 12 
 
 B40 feet, 
 es of 20 
 
 il)ic feet. 
 Imber 28 
 iil)ic feet. 
 |e. 
 of pine 
 
 >00 feet. 
 
 feet to 
 
 and 45 
 
 14 tons. 
 
 imber 18 
 
 tents per 
 
 $22.50. 
 
 Rule to reduce Feet of Board Measure to Cubic Feet. 
 
 Divide the contents in snperficiul feet by 12, and it will 
 give the number of cubic feet; or multiply the number of 
 cubic I'eet by 12 and tlie product will be feet of board 
 measure. 
 
 In 1,200 feet of board measure how many cubic feet are 
 there ? Ans. 100 cubic feet. 
 
 Solution. — 1,200 -^ 12 = 100 cubic feet. 
 
 llequired the number of feet of board measure in 100 
 feet of cubic measure ? Ans. 1,200 feet. 
 
 100 X 12 = 1,200 feet of board measure. 
 
 Second Method of malcing out a Specification. 
 
 3-INCII SriiClFICATION BY THE SECOND METHOD. 
 
 1 
 
 2 "■ 
 
 » 
 
 t- 
 
 QO 
 
 O) 
 
 o" 
 
 
 
 
 Lengths, g § 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 05 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 Contents. 
 
 14 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 
 15 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 
 16 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 
 17 
 
 « 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 
 18 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 
 19 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 
 20 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 
 21 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 
 22 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 23 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 24 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 
 25 
 
 4 
 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 26 
 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 
 27 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 28 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 
 29 
 
 3 
 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 1510 
 
 1864 
 
 2092 
 
 2140 
 
 1717 
 
 2563 
 
 3807 
 
 15,693 feet. 
 
ffir 
 
 . 1 
 
 'W 
 
 I i 
 
 52 
 
 SELF-INSTRUCTOR 
 
 Second Hulefor Specifications. . 
 
 Multiply the number of pieces or dots in each square of 
 the specification by the length of one of the pieces ; and 
 multiply the product thus found by ^ of the breadth of said 
 pieces for the contents in board measure of 3-inch deals; by 
 ^ of the breadth lor 4-inch ; by g^ of it for plank, etc. 
 
 Example showing how to make out the Three-inch Speciji- 
 cation hy Second Method. 
 
 First Column 6 inches wide. 
 
 Second Column 7 inches wide. 
 
 14 
 
 X 2 — 23 
 
 14 X 
 
 3 — 42 
 
 15 
 
 X 4 60 
 
 15 X 
 
 ? — 30 
 
 16 
 
 X 2 — 32 
 
 16 X 
 
 4 — 64 
 
 17 
 
 X 6 — 102 
 
 18 X 
 
 4 — 72 
 
 18 
 
 X 8 144 
 
 19 X 
 
 1 — 19 
 
 19 
 
 X 2 — 38 
 
 20 X 
 
 2 — 40 
 
 20 
 
 X 3 — 60 
 
 21 X 
 
 4 84 
 
 21 
 
 X 6 = 126 
 
 22 X 
 
 5 — 110 
 
 22 
 
 X 1 22 
 
 23 X 
 
 1 = 23 
 
 23 
 
 X 2— 46 
 
 24 X 
 
 6 144 
 
 25 
 
 X 4 — 100 
 
 26 X 
 
 3 — 78 
 
 27 
 
 X 6 162 
 
 27 X 
 
 5 — 135 
 
 29 
 
 X 3 87 
 
 28 X 
 
 8 — 224 
 
 
 1,007 
 
 
 1,065 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 If 
 
 
 1,007 
 
 1,065 
 
 
 503 
 
 Conte 
 
 799 
 
 Contents, 1,510 feet. 
 
 nts, 1,864 feet. 
 
 6 inches 
 
 , the breadth, di- 
 
 7 inches, 
 
 the breadth, di- 
 
 vided by • 
 
 ± is to li, and 
 
 vided by 4 
 
 is to 1|, and 
 
 U X 1,007 = 1,510, the 
 
 If X 1,065: 
 
 = 1,864 feet = 
 
 contents. 
 
 
 contents. 
 
 
 English deal specifications are generally made out by the 
 second method. Both rules will give the same results. 
 
ON LUMBER SURVEYING. 53 
 
 Specification of Philadelphia Deal Shingle. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 C 00 r-l 
 
 . (N 
 
 
 Lengths. 1 § 
 
 5 * 
 
 X 
 
 Contents. 
 
 Iiengths. g § y 
 
 Contents. 
 
 
 eo 
 
 
 5 " 
 
 M 
 
 
 14 
 
 40 
 
 1,680 
 
 28 
 
 14 
 
 1.176 
 
 16 35 
 
 1,680 
 
 30 
 
 8 720 
 
 18 30 
 
 1,620 
 
 32 
 
 4 384 
 
 20 11 
 
 660 
 
 34 
 
 4 408 
 
 22 
 
 9 
 
 594 
 
 36 
 
 7 756 
 
 24 
 
 21 
 
 1,512 
 
 38 
 
 14 1,596 
 
 26 
 
 6 
 
 468 
 
 40 14 1,680 
 
 
 Contents, 14.934 feet. 
 
 
 Philadelphia 
 
 Deal Shingle. 
 
 
 a 00 
 Lengths, g g 
 
 5"^ 
 
 l-H 
 
 X 
 
 1 , 
 
 Lengths. |§ 
 
 2" 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 
 eo 
 
 H 
 
 M 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 28 
 
 U 
 
 
 
 16 
 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 36 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 32 
 
 • ••• 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 34 
 
 
 
 
 
 • «•• 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 22 
 
 9 
 
 36 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 24 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 21 
 
 38 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 
 
 
 26 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 14 
 
 
- _j irmjdMgMai^M^B 
 
 64 
 
 SELF-INSTRUCTOR 
 
 IM 
 
 I! 
 
 The specification of Philadelphia deals is done the sanic 
 as the 3-incli specification ; or multiply the running lengths 
 by 3 for the contents in fi^et of board measure. Philadel- 
 phia deal is generally 12 inches wide and even lengths, from 
 1 4 feet up, and tlie best quality of spruce lumber. English 
 deals generally comprise all deals too short, or not good 
 enough for Philadelphia or New York deals. Also short 
 timber, battens, and plank, not suitable for other markets, go 
 into the English deal pile. Deals that are knotty, cracked 
 by the sun, or stained, or having wanes on them, and not 
 poor enough for refuse, go to the English deal pile. New 
 York deal must be the best quality of spruce, from 14 feet 
 long up. 
 
 Directions showing how to measure all hinds of Lumber 
 
 by the Board Rule. 
 
 Lay your rule across the board to be measured, at right 
 angles to the further edge of the board, and let the outside 
 edge of the board and further end of the rule be both even 
 on that side, then observe the length of your board and turn 
 your rule to the same length, then look on the line or column 
 of that length, and you will find the contents marked on the 
 rule just over the inside edge of the board. 
 
 EXAMPLES FOR PRACTICE. 
 
 1. What are the contents of a 1^-inch board IG feet long 
 and 12 inches wide? Ans. 20 feet. 
 
 By the rule the contents given for 1-inch board is IG feet 
 contents, to which add ^ of the contents, which will give 
 the contents for 1^ -inch boards. 16-4-4=4; 16-|-4 = 
 20 feet contents. 
 
 2. What are the contents of a board 32 feet long and 12 
 mches wide ? Ans. 32 feet. 
 
 As there is no 32 on my rule, I find the contents by the 
 rule of a board, half the length to be IG feet; which being 
 doubled, gives the contents required = 32 feet. 
 
 3. What are the contents of a 1^-itich board 20 feet long 
 
 and 12 inches wide? 
 
 Ans. 30 feet. 
 
e saniG 
 engths 
 liladel- 
 s, from 
 ^^nglish 
 t good 
 3 short 
 kets, go 
 snicked 
 md not 
 , New 
 14 feet 
 
 Lumber 
 
 at right 
 outside 
 
 )th even 
 
 md turn 
 column 
 
 1 on the 
 
 eet long 
 20 feet. 
 16 feet 
 
 l^ill give 
 
 + 4 = 
 
 and 12 
 32 feet, 
 by the 
 ;h being 
 
 Tfeet long 
 30 feet. 
 
 ON LUMBER SURVEYING. 
 
 55 
 
 By the rule an inch board 20 feet long and 12 inches 
 wide will contain 20 feet, to which add half of 20 for the 
 contents of a l^-inch board. 20 -f- 2 = 10 ; 20 + 10 = 30 
 feet. 
 
 4. Required the contents of a plank 24 feet long 2 inches 
 X 12 inches? Ans. 48 feet. 
 
 By the board rule, in a board 24 feet long 12 inches wide 
 and 1 inch thick there are 24 feet, and as plank is 2 inches 
 thick, therefore twice the contents of the face of it will be 
 equal to the true contents, 24 X 2 = 48 feet. 
 
 Rule for any Dimension. 
 
 Multiply the number of feet in the face of the piece to 
 be measured, by the thickness in inches, and it will give the 
 contents in feet of board measure. 
 
 Rule for measuring Logs or Round Timber. 
 
 Multiply the length, taken in feet, by the square of one 
 fourth of the mean girth, taken in inches, and this product 
 divided by 1 44 will give the contents in cubic feet. 
 
 Note. — The girth of tapering timber is usually taken 
 about one third the distance from the larger to the smaller 
 end. The rule is that in common use, though very far from 
 giving the actual number of cubic feet ; 40 cubic feet as 
 given by the rule are in fact r:= oO^^q true cubic feet. 
 
 EXAMPLE. 
 
 1. How many cubic feet in a stick of timber which is 40 
 feet long, and whose girth is GO inches ? Ans. 62^ feet. 
 
 GO -f- 4 = 15 inches rr= l of girth ; 15 X !•'> = 225 ~ 
 square of quarter of the girth ; 225 X 'iO feet = 'J,000 ; 
 9,000 -f- 144= G2^ cubic feet. 
 
 2. How many cubic feet in a piece of timber 21 feet long, 
 and whose girth is 36 inches ? 
 
 3. What are the contents of a log 100 feet long, and 
 whose tiirth is 150 inches? 
 
''!:f=« 
 
 I -l 
 
 56 
 
 SELF-INSTRUCTOR 
 
 
 To jind the largest Square Piece of Timber that may he 
 sawed from a Round Stick of Timber, having the Diam- 
 eter or Circumference of the Small End given. 
 Ride 1. — Multiply the given diameter by .707106, or, 
 
 multiply the given circumference by .225079. Or, as the 
 
 diameter of a circle is equal to the diagonal of the inscribed 
 
 square — 
 
 Rule 2. — Square the diameter 
 
 and take half the sum of the i^quare, I 
 
 and extract the square root of it, 
 
 ui.d the root thus found will be the side of the inscribed 
 
 square. 
 
 EXAMPLE. 
 
 1. I have a piece of timber 30 inches in diameter ; how 
 large a square stick can be hewn from it. 
 
 By the last rule 30 squared = 30 X 30 = 900 ; 900-7-2 
 = 450; ^5!^ == 21.21 -{-inches square. 
 
 2. How large a square stick may be hewn from a piece 
 of round timber 120 inches in circumference? 
 
 3. How large a square stick may be sawn from a piece 
 of round timber 60 inches in diameter ? 
 
 Having the Side of a Square Stick given^to find the Diam- 
 eter of the Tree from which it was sawn. 
 
 Rule. — Square the side and double it, and out of the 
 product extract the square root. 
 
 What must be the diameter of a tree that when hewn 
 shall be 18 inches square? Ans. 25.44 inches. 
 
 Table. 
 12 lines = 1 inch. 
 12 inches = 1 foot. 
 3 feet = 1 yard. 
 
 Inches multiplied by inches produce 
 Parts marked thus '. 
 Parts by parts give fourths, marked thus ''". 
 
ON LUMBER SURVEYING. 
 
 57 
 
 Inches are marked '. 
 144 square inches make 1 square foot. 
 9 square feet :^ 1 square yard. 
 1,728 cubic inches = 1 cubic foot. 
 50 cubic feet = 1 load. 
 40 cubic feet= 1 ton of timber. 
 1 6 cubic feet = 1 cord foot. 
 8 cord feet, or 1 28 cubic feet = 1 cord of wood. 
 1,980 feet superficial = 1 St. Petersburg standard of 
 deals. 
 
 Form of a Bill of Lading of Timber, Shingle No. 8, etc., etc. 
 
 Shipped, in good order and condition, by Edmond B. 
 Sanderson & Co., on board the good ship " Southern," 
 whereof James Brown is master for this present voyage, 
 now lying in the port of New York, U. S., and bound lor 
 Liverpool, Englp'id. To say: — 
 
 47,928 ft. INIer. spi-uce, all under deck, 
 100 M spruce laths, all mider deck, 
 80 M ft. Mer. pine, all on deck, 
 
 being marked and numbered as in the margin ; and are to 
 be delivered, in like good order and condition, at the afore- 
 said port of Liverpool (the danger of the seas and fire 
 always excepted), unto David Belt &, Sons, or to assigns, 
 he or they paying freight for the said timber at the rate of 
 ten dollars per M feet, and one dollar per M for laths, with- 
 out primage and average accustomed. 
 
 In witness whereof the master of the said vessel hath 
 affirmed to three bills of lading, all of this tenor and date ; 
 one of which being accomplished, the others to stand void. 
 
 James Brown. 
 
 Dated at New YonK, U. S., 
 May the 3d, A, D. 1870. 
 
 inn 
 

 58 
 
 SELF-INSTRUCTOR 
 
 Bill of Lading. 
 
 il ! 
 
 SiiiprKD, in good order and condition, by T. 
 Pandul & Co., on board the good schooner culled 
 the " Northern Dawn," whereof Daniel K. Bloomer 
 is master for this present voyage, now lying in the 
 port of Bangor, Me., and bound for New York. 
 To say : — 
 
 S2 
 
 'o 
 
 V 
 
 u 
 
 c 
 s 
 
 <3i 
 
 G 
 O 
 
 6 
 'H 
 
 s 
 
 > 
 o 
 x> 
 cS 
 
 a> 
 
 e 
 o 
 
 12 
 
 "5 
 
 Ph 
 
 1 1 M feet hemlock lumber, all vnider deck, 
 75 M feet spruce lumber, all on deck, 
 120 M laths, all on deck, 
 
 being marked and numbered as in the margin ; and 
 are to be delivered, in like good order and condition, 
 at the aforesaid port of New York (the danger of 
 the seas and fire only excepted), unto Messrs. Den- 
 ton and Beeters, or to assigns, he or they paying 
 freight for the said lumber at the rate of four dol- 
 lars per M feet, and sixty cents per M for laths, 
 without primage and average accustomed. 
 
 In ivitness whereof, the master of the said vessel 
 hath affirmed to three bills of lading, all of this 
 tenor and date ; one of which being accomplished, 
 the others to stand void. 
 
 Daniel E. Bloomer. 
 
 Dated at Bangor, Me., 
 
 June, the 3d, 18G9. 
 
 Surveyor's Bill for Services rendered. 
 
 Bangor, Me., June the 2d, 1809. 
 
 Messrs. DuNTON & Boomer, 
 
 To Daniel E. Siiaw, surveyor. Dr. 
 For surveying 250 M ft. of spruce lumber to 
 
 schooner " Juno," @ 25c. per M $62.50 
 
ON LUMBER SURVEYING. 
 
 59 
 
 Survey Bill of Lumber, etc. 
 
 Surveyed from James E. D<alo & Sons, of Clinton, Iowa, to 
 schooner " Pallas," Captain Dunn. To say : — 
 
 3G,o00 ft. 2 X 6, from 12 ft. long up (mch.), spruce. 
 35,G00 « No. 1 pine boards. 
 22,400 " hemlock Ijoards (mch.). 
 15,000 " 8 X 10 Mer. pine timber. 
 250 M No. 1 pine shingles. 
 
 Thomas B. Proudfoot, 
 
 Surveyor. 
 Clinton, Iowa, ^ 
 
 June the 12th, Anuo Domini 1869. 
 
 Surveyor's Receipt. 
 
 ^"^•^^* Bangor, Me., June the 4th, A.D. 1869. 
 
 Received from Messrs. Dunton & Boomkr sixty-two 
 dollars and fifty cents, which pays for surveying 250 M feet 
 of spruce lumber to schooner " Juno," @ 25c. per M. 
 
 Daniel E. Shaw, Surveyor. 
 
 NOVEL RULES 
 
 For finding the Contents of Planh, Deal, Battens, Joist, and 
 Timber, by multiplying a Fractional Part of the Length 
 by the Breadth. 
 
 2-inch is ^ of the length multiplied by the breadth, for the 
 contents. 
 
 3-inch is I of the length multiplied by the breadth, for the 
 contents. 
 
 4-inch is ^ of the length multiplied by the breadth, for the 
 contents. 
 
 5-inch is the length divided by 2f , and the quotient multi- 
 plied by the breadth. 
 
BBnn 
 
 fi 
 
 60 
 
 SELF-INSTRUCTOR 
 
 ii 
 
 6-inch is ^ of the length multiplied by the breadth, for the 
 contents. 
 
 7-inch is the length divided by 1^, and the quotient multi- 
 plied by the breadth. 
 
 8-inch is the length divided by 1^, and the quotient multi- 
 plied by the breadth. 
 
 9-inch is the length divided by IJ, and the quotient multi- 
 plied by the breadth. 
 10-inch is the length divided by 1^, and the quotient multi- 
 plied by the breadth. 
 11-inch is the length divided by 1^^, and the quotient multi- 
 plied by the breadth. 
 12-inch, multiply the length by the width, for the contents. 
 
 2^-inch, or battens, is the lengtii divided by 4f, and the 
 quotient multiplied by the breadth. 
 
 P. S. — The above rules give the contents in feet of board measure. 
 EXAMPLES FOR PRACTICE. 
 
 1. Required the contents in superficial feet of a piece of 
 timber 10 inches X 12 inches and 40 feet long. 
 
 Jns. 400 feet. 
 Solution. — By the table, 10 inches is 11 of the length mul- 
 tiplied by the breadth. Therefore 40 feet -4- 1^ = Y- X 
 ^ = 200 = 33^ ; 33^ X 12 = 400 feet. 
 
 2. What are the contents of a piece of timber 12 inches 
 X 20 inches, and 40 feet long ? Ans. 800 feet. 
 
 Solution. — 40 X 20 = 800 feet. 
 
 3. What are the contents of a plank 2 inches X 1 1 inches 
 and 36 feet long? Ans. G6 feet. 
 
 Solution. — 2 inches is J of the length. Therefore 
 36-f-6=6; 6X11 = 66 feet. 
 
 4. What are the contents of a piece of timber 8 inches X 
 11 inches and 40 feet in length? Ans. 293^ feet. 
 
 Solution. — 40 -^ 1^ = -Y- ; *r- X § = V' = 26§ ; 26§ 
 X ll = 293ifeet. 
 
ON LUMBER SURVEYING. 
 
 Gl 
 
 Given the Breadth of a Rectancfular Plank in Inches, to 
 find how much in Length will make a Foot^ or any other 
 required Quantity. 
 
 Ride. — Divide 1 44, or the area to be cut off, by the 
 breadth in inches, and the quotient will be the length hi 
 inclies. 
 
 1. If a boaid be 6 inches broad, what length of it will 
 make a square foot ? Ans. 2 feet. 
 
 Solution. — 144 inches -i- 6 inches = 24 inches; 24 
 inches -f- 12 inches = 2 feet. 
 
 2. If a plank be 2 inches X 8 inches in size, what length 
 of it will make 4 square feet ? Ans. 3 feet. 
 
 Solution. — 2 X 8 =: 1 0, area of the end ; 1 44 -^ 1 G = 9 
 inches for 1 foot, which, being multiplied by 4 = 4 X 9 = 
 36 inches = 3 feet. 
 
 To find the Solid Contents of a Piece of Timber tapering 
 
 regularly. 
 
 Ride. — Multiply the sum of the breadths of the two ends 
 by the sum of the de[)ths, to which add the product of the 
 breadth and depth of each end ; ^ of this sum, multiplied by 
 the length, will give the exact solidity of any piece of 
 squared timber tapering regularly. 
 
 1. How many feet in a piece of mahogany whose ends 
 are rectangles, the length and breadth of one being 14 and 
 12 inches, and the corresponding dimensions of the other 
 end 6 and 4 inches ; also the length 30^ feet ? 
 
 Ans. 18^ cubic feet. 
 Solution. — 
 
 14_|_G = 20 12X14 = 168 
 
 12-1-4=16 6 X 4= 24 
 
 20 X 16 = 320 
 
 512 sq. in. = A^ sq. ft. 
 Then | X ¥ X 30^ = 18^ cubic feet. 
 
 m 
 
62 
 
 SKLF-INSTRUCTOR 
 
 When a Board or Plank is broader at one End than the 
 other, to find what Length of it will make a Foot, or 
 any other rcqtnred Quantity. 
 
 Rule. — To the square of the product of the length and 
 narrow end add twice the continual product of tiicse (juan- 
 tities ; namely, the length, the diiference between the breadths 
 of the ends, and the area of the part re(|uired to be cut off. 
 Extract the square root of the sum ; from the result deduct 
 the product of the length and narrow (.nd, and divide the 
 remainder by the difference between the breadths of the 
 ends. 
 
 EXAMPLE. j(^ 
 
 It is required to cut off GO inches 
 from the smaller end of a board ; 8 
 A D being 3 inches, C E 6 inches, 
 and A B 20 inches. 
 
 Here Aa:=Jyn3(v{(^^XADV+4BCx 
 A B X 60| — A B X A D =^^^1^20 X 3\' + 
 6 X 20 X 60 I — 20 X 3 = 14.64, the lengtli required. 
 
 To find hoio much in Length will make a Solid Foot, or any 
 other required Quanfify, of Squared Timber, of equal 
 Dimensions from End to End. 
 
 Mule. — Divide 1,728 — the solid inches in a foot, or the 
 solidity to be cut off — by the area of the end in inches. 
 
 1. If a piece of timber be 14 inches broad and 10 inches 
 deep, how much of it will make a solid foot ? 
 
 Ans. 12^1 inches, the length required. 
 
 10 X 14 = 140 ; 1,728 ~ 140 = 12if mches. 
 
ON LUMBER SURVEYING. 
 
 68 
 
 Bide. — Multiply tlio area corresponding to the quarter 
 girt in inches, hy the length of the piece in feet, and the 
 product will he the j?olidity. If the (piarter girt exceeds the 
 Hunts of the table, take ^ of it, and 4 times the contents thus 
 found will give the re([uired contents. 
 
 A Table for Measuring Timber. 
 
 Quarter Girt. 
 
 Area. 
 
 Quarter Girt. 
 
 Area. 
 
 Quarter Girt. 
 
 Area. 
 
 Inches. 
 
 Feet. 
 
 Inrht'B. 
 
 Feet. 
 
 1 
 
 Inches. 
 
 Fret. 
 
 6 
 
 .250 
 
 12 
 
 1.000 
 
 18 
 
 2.250 
 
 1 
 
 .272 
 
 12i 
 
 1.042 
 
 18i 
 
 2.376 
 
 294 
 
 121 
 
 1.085 
 
 19 
 
 2.506 
 
 ^i 
 
 .317 
 
 12} 
 
 1.129 
 
 19^ 
 
 2.640 
 
 7 
 
 .340 
 
 13 
 
 1.174 
 
 i 20 
 
 2.777 
 
 7i 
 
 .364 
 
 13: 
 
 1.219 
 
 1 20i 
 
 2.917 
 
 7^ 
 
 .390 
 
 1.3; r 
 
 1.265 
 
 21 
 
 3.062 
 
 7^ 
 
 .417 
 
 isl 
 
 1.313 
 
 211 
 
 3.209 
 
 8 
 
 .444 
 
 14 
 
 1.361 
 
 22 
 
 3.362 
 
 8i 
 
 .472 
 
 14i 
 
 1.410 
 
 22^ 
 
 3.516 
 
 8^ 
 
 .501 
 
 l4 
 
 1.460 
 
 i 23" 
 
 3.673 
 
 8j 
 
 .531 
 
 14^ 
 
 1.511 
 
 231 
 
 3.835 
 
 9 
 
 .562 
 
 15 
 
 1.562 
 
 24 
 
 4.000 
 
 9i 
 
 .594 
 
 15i 
 
 1.615 
 
 1 241 
 
 4.168 
 
 9i 
 
 .626 
 
 15i 
 
 1.668 
 
 25 
 
 4.340 
 
 9f 
 
 .6.59 
 
 15^ 
 
 1.722 
 
 : 25i 
 
 4.516 
 
 10 
 
 .694 
 
 16 
 
 1.777 
 
 i 26 
 
 4.694 
 
 101 
 
 .730 
 
 161 
 
 1 833 
 
 ! 26l 
 
 4.876 
 
 loi 
 
 .766 
 
 16i 
 
 1.890 
 
 27 
 
 5.062 
 
 loii 
 
 .803 
 
 16f 
 
 1.948 
 
 27I 
 
 5.252 
 
 11 
 
 .840 
 
 17 
 
 2.006 
 
 1 28 
 
 5.444 1 
 
 i4 
 
 .878 
 
 17i 
 
 2.066 
 
 i 28^ 
 
 5.640 
 
 .918 
 
 17i 
 
 2.126 
 
 29 
 
 5.840 
 
 Hf 
 
 .959 
 
 17f 
 
 2.187 
 
 29j 
 
 6.044 
 
 ' 
 
 1. Required the contents of a piece of timber whose 
 length is 30 feet and quarter girt is 17^ inches. 
 
 Ans. G5.G10 feet. 
 
64 
 
 SELF-INSTRUCTOR 
 
 Solution hy the Table. — Look for the quarter girt 17|, 
 in the oohmui marked (Quarter Girt, and in the adjoining 
 cohimn marked Area, will be found 2.18G, which muhiplied 
 by the length, i30 feet, will be 65.610 feet for the solid eon- 
 tents. 
 
 Table showing the Weight in Pounds and Decimals of a 
 Pound Avoirdupois of one Cubic Foot of the following 
 Kinds of Wood. 
 
 i 
 
 Cork Wood 15.00 
 
 Poi)lar 23.94 
 
 Larch or Ilackmatiick . . 34,00 
 
 Elm and West India Fir . 34.75 
 
 Maho;;any 35.00 
 
 Pitch Pine 41.25 
 
 Cedar 37.25 
 
 Pear Tree 41.31 
 
 Walnut 41.94 
 
 Elder Tree 43.44 
 
 Beech 43.50 
 
 Cherry Tree 44.68 
 
 Maple and Higa Fir 
 Ash and Dantzic Oak 
 Apple Tree . . . 
 
 Alder 
 
 Oak, Canadian . . 
 Boxwood, French . 
 Logwood .... 
 Oak, English . . . 
 Oak, sixty years old 
 
 Eb<>nj 
 
 Lignum Vitaj . . . 
 
 46.87 
 47.50 
 49.56 
 50.00 
 54.50 
 57.00 
 57.06 
 51.87 
 73.12 
 83.18 
 83.31 
 
 Ride for finding the Weight of any hind of Timber. 
 
 Multiply the number of cubic feet it contains by the 
 weight of one cubic foot of said timber. 
 
 EXAMPLES. 
 
 1. What is the weight of a piece of harkmn'ack timber 
 8 inches X 1 2 inches, and 30 feet long ? 
 
 By the table given of cubi or • --hes X ^2 
 
 inches is | of the length, for t' re 30 -j- | 
 
 = 20 feet, contents. 
 
 By the table of weight"^ k able fo . of hackmatack is 
 = to 34 lbs., therefore 34 X ^^= 1.' 20 lbs. avoirdupois. 
 
ON LUMBER SURVEYING. 
 
 65 
 
 46.87 
 
 47.50 
 
 49.56 
 
 50.00 
 
 54.50 
 
 57.00 
 
 57.06 
 
 51.87 
 
 73.12 
 
 83.18 
 
 «3.31 
 
 X 12 
 
 50 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 2. What is the weij;ht of a piece of Canadian oak 12 
 inelics X 12 inches, and IK) feet long? Ans. l,G.'jr).()0 Ih.s. 
 
 3. What is the weight of a piece of Frencli hoxwooil 10 
 indies X 12 inches, and 24 feet in length? 
 
 IJy the tahle of cnhic measure, 10 inches X 12 inches is 
 5 of the length, for the contents in cubic feet ; therefore 24 
 -^ 5 = 20 feet, contents; 20 X ^7 = 1,140 lb.s. = weight 
 required. 
 
 P. S. — The weiglit of any substance may be found as 
 above, by finding the weight of 1 cubic f'X)t and multiplying 
 said weight by the contents. 
 
 TONNAGE OF VP:SSELS. 
 Government Rule. English. 
 
 For vessels aground, the length is to be measured on a 
 straight line along the rabbet of the keel, from a ])erpendicu- 
 lar, let full from the back of the main-post, at the height of 
 the wing-transom, to a ])erpendicular at the height of the 
 upper deck (but the middle deck of three-decked ships), 
 from the forepart of the stern ; then from the length between 
 these perpendiculars subtract three fifths of the extreme 
 breadth for the rake of the stern; and 2}, inches for everv 
 foot of the height of the wing-transom above the lower part 
 of the rabbet of the keel, for the rake abaft ; and the re- 
 mainder will be the length of the keel for tonnnge. The 
 main breadth is to be taken from the outside of the outside 
 plank, in the broadest part of the ship either above or be- 
 low the wales, deducting therefrom all that it exceeds the 
 thickness of the plank of the bottom, which shall be ac- 
 counted the main breadth ; so that the moulding breadth, or 
 the breadth of the frame, Avill then be less than the main 
 breadth, so found, by double the thickness of the plank of 
 the bottom. 
 
 Rule. — Then multiply the length of the keel for tonnage, 
 by the main breadth, so taken, and the product by half the 
 
i '\ 
 
 66 
 
 SELF-INSTRUCTOR 
 
 breadth ; then divide the whole by 94, and the quot'ient will 
 be the tonnage. 
 
 In cutters and brigs, where the rake of the stern-post ex- 
 ceeds 2?, inches to every foot in height, the actual rake is 
 generally subtracted instead of the 2}j inches to every foot, 
 as before mentioned. 
 
 1. Sujjpose the length from the fore-part of the stern, at 
 the height of the upper deck, to the after-part of the stern- 
 post, at the height of the wing-transom to be 115 feet 8 
 inches^ the breadth from outside to outside 40 feet G inches, 
 and the height of the wing-transom 21 feet 10 inches, what is 
 the tonnage? Ans. 1,094. 
 
 ft. in. 
 
 40 breadth 
 3 
 
 40 3X3= 120.9 ; 120.9 ^ 5 = ?A.l5. 
 
 21.10 height of wing-transom 21.10 X 2^ = 04^7^ ; 54/^ 
 -J- 12 = 4.55 ; 4.55 + 24.15 = 28.70 ; 155.66 — 28.70 = 
 1 2 6.SG= length. 
 
 i2Gjjoxjo.p2o.i25 ^ 1^094, the tonnage required. 
 
 2. If the length of the keel be 120 feet, and the breadth 
 40 feet, what is the tonnage? A7is. 1,02 l-j^ tons. 
 
 Solution. — 120 X 40 = 4,800 ; 4,800 X 20 = 96,000 ; 
 96,000 -f- 94 = 1,021 if tons. 
 
 3. If the length of the keel be 80 feet, and the breadth 
 of the beam 36 feet, wliat is the tonnage ? Ans, 55;|5. 
 
 4. If the length of the keel be 460 feet, and the breadth 
 of the beam 80 feet, what is the tonnage. 
 
 Ans. 15,659 tons. 
 Some divide the last product by 100, to find the ton- 
 nage of king's ships, and by 95, to find that of merchant 
 ships. 
 
 Anncrican Government Rule. 
 
 For single-decked i-essels. — Take the lengtli on deck from 
 the forward side of the main stern to the after-side of the 
 stern-post, and the breadth at the broadest part above the 
 
 
mt will 
 
 )OSt rx- 
 rake is 
 iry foot, 
 
 item, at 
 e stern- 
 > feet 8 
 1 inches, 
 what is 
 s. 1,094. 
 
 28.70 = 
 
 breadth 
 
 [-\^ tons. 
 
 9G,000 ; 
 
 breadth 
 
 breadth 
 
 G59 tons, 
 the ton- 
 merchant 
 
 ON LUMBER SURVEYING. 
 
 67 
 
 ook from 
 do of the 
 bovc the 
 
 main wales ; take the depth from the under side of the deck 
 phuik to the ceiling of the hokl, and deduct from the length 
 tln-ee fifths of the breadth ; multiply the remainder by the 
 breadth, and the product by tlie depth, and divide the last 
 product by 95. 
 
 For doiihle-deched vessels. — Proceed as with single-decked 
 vessels, except for the depth take half the breadth. 
 
 GAUGING. 
 
 Gau";inij sitriu'fies the art of measurin"; all kinds of vessels 
 and determining tlieir capacity or the quantity of fluid or 
 other matter tliey contain. It is usual to divide casks into 
 four varieties, wliich are judged of from the greater or less 
 apparent curvature of their sides, namely : — 
 
 1. Tlie middle frustum of a spheroid. 
 
 2. Tlie middle frustum of a parabolic spindle. 
 
 3. The two equal frustums of a paraboloid. 
 
 4. The two equal frustums of a cone. 
 
 282 cubic inches make 1 ale gallon, or beer. 
 231 cubic inches make 1 wine gallon. 
 21,504 cubic mches make 1 malt bushel. 
 
 To Jind the contents of a Cask by the Mean Diameter. 
 
 Rule. — IMultiply the difference of the head and bung di- 
 ameters by .G8 for the first variety ; by .02 for tlie second ; 
 by .55 for the third ; and by .5 for the fourth, when the dif- 
 ference between the head and bung dinmeter is less than G 
 inches ; but when the difference between these exceeds 6 
 inches, multiply that difference by .7 for the first variety ; by 
 .G4 for the second; by .57 for the third; and by .52 for the 
 fourth. Add this product to the head diameter, and the 
 sum will be a mean diameter. Square this mean diameter, 
 and multiply the square by the length of the cask ; this 
 product multiplied or divided by the proper multiplier or 
 divisor, will give the contents. 
 
 1. What are the contents of a spheroidal cask, whose 
 
I 
 
 68 
 
 SELF-INSTRUCTOR 
 
 length is 40 inches, bung diameter 32 inches, and head di- 
 ameter 24 inches ? Ans. 97. G gallons. 
 Solution.- 32 — 24 = 8 ; 8 X 7 = 5.6 ; 5.0 -|- 24 == 29.0 
 = mean diameter; 29.0 X 29.0= 870.10 = square ; 870.10 
 X 40 = 35040.40, which being divided by 359.5, the divisor 
 for imperial gallons, will he equal to 97. G gallons. 
 By the gauging rule — 
 
 Set 40 on C. to the G. R. 18.79 on D. against " 
 24 on D. stands 04.99 on C. 
 
 32 on D. stands 110.2 on C. 
 
 + 110.2 
 
 3)297.39 
 
 99.13 gallons. 
 
 Dr. Iluttori's General Rule for fndiny the Contents of Casls. 
 
 Add into one sum 39 times the square of the bung diame- 
 ter, 25 times the square of the head diameter, and 20 times 
 the product of the two diameters ; then multiply the sum by 
 the length, and the product again by. 00031^ for the con- 
 tents in gallons. . , 
 
 EXAMPLE. 
 
 1. Whitt are the contents of a cask whose length is 40 
 inches, and the bung and head diameters 32 and 24 ? 
 
 Ans. 93.4579 gallons. 
 32 X 32 = 1024 ; 1024 X 39 = 39936 
 24 X 24 = 570 ; 570 X 25 = 14400 
 32X24=708; 708X20 = 19908 
 
 74tJU4X 40 = 2972100 
 .00031$ 
 
 93.4579 
 .^ Paging is the art of finding what quantity of liquor is 
 contained in a cask when partly empty. And it is consid- 
 
ON LUMBER SURVEYING. 
 
 69 
 
 ead (li- 
 
 gullons. 
 
 = 29.0 
 
 87G.1G 
 
 divisor 
 
 f Cash. 
 
 r diame- 
 
 ^6 times 
 
 sum by 
 
 the cou- 
 
 th is 40 
 
 V 
 gallons. 
 
 9721 GO 
 .00031* 
 
 3.4579 
 liquor is 
 is consid- 
 
 ered in two positions ; first, as standing on its end ; secondly, 
 lying on its side. 
 
 To Jiiul the Contents of Ullage by the Sliding Rule. 
 
 By one of the preceding problems find the whole con- 
 tents of the cask. Then set the length on N. to 100 on S. 
 S. for a segment standing, or set the bung diameter on N. to 
 100 on S. L. for a segment lying; then against the wet 
 inciies on N. is a number on S. S. or S. L. to be reserved. 
 Next set 100 on B. to tiie reserved number on A. ; then 
 against the whole contents on B. will be found the ullage 
 on A. 
 
 QUESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. 
 
 1. What are the contents of 20 pieces of timber 8 inches 
 X 12 inches, and 36 feet long in cubic feet, and also in su- 
 perficial feet ? 
 
 2. What number of cubic feet in a log whose quarter girt 
 is 17|- irshes and length 18 feet ? 
 
 3. What are the contents of 24 logs 16 feet louff whose 
 quarter girt is 27 inches ? 
 
 4. Required the tonnage of a ship by the English and 
 American rules, the length of the keel beini; 125 feet and 
 the breadth of the beam 42 feet ? 
 
 5. What is the weiglit of a })iece of hackmatack timber 8 
 inches X 10 inches and 28 feet in lenf>-th ? 
 
 6. Required the number of tons in 16 pieces of timber 
 24 feet long and 12 inches X 16 inches? 
 
 7. In 2,500 feet running lengtii of 2 inches X 10 inches, 
 how many feet of board measure ? 
 
 8. In 300 feet ruiming length of 10 hich X 12 inch tim- 
 ber, how many tons ? 
 
 9. Wliat are the contents of a cask of the first variety in 
 ■wine and ale gallons, whose length is 50 inches, bung diam- 
 eter 38 inches, and head diameter 30 inches ? 
 
 10. If a log be 35 indies in diameter, what is the larsfest 
 piece of square timber that can be sawed from it ? 
 
i 
 
 70 
 
 SELF-INSTRUCTOR 
 
 11. What difference is there between a floor 28 feet long 
 X 20 feet broad, and two others, each of half the dimen- 
 sions ; and what do the three floors come to @ S9.00 per 
 100 square feet ? Ans. $75.'60. 
 
 12. An elm plank is 14 feet 3 inches long, and it is de- 
 sired that just a square yard may be slit ofl'from it; at what 
 distance from the edge must the line be struck ? 
 
 Ans. 7^^^^ inches. 
 
 13. A joist is 7 inches wide and 2^ inches thick, but a 
 scantling just as big again, that shall be 3 niches thick, is 
 wanted ; what will. the other dimension be? 
 
 Ans. 11§ inches. 
 
 14. Tlie perambulator is so contrived as to tin-n just 
 twice in IG^ feet; required the diameter? Ans. 2.G2G feet. 
 
 15. In turning a chaise witlun a ring of a certain diameter, 
 it was observed that the outer wheel made two revolutions 
 while the inner made but one ; the wheels were both 4 feet 
 high, and supposing them fixed at the distance of 5 feet 
 asunder on the axletree, wliat was the circumference of the 
 track described by the outside wheel ? Ans. G3 feet nearly. 
 
 IG. Having a rectangular board 58 inches by 27 inches, 
 I would have a square foot cut off parallel to the shorter 
 edge ; I would then have the same quantity cut from the 
 remainder, parallel to the longer, and this alternately re- 
 peated, till there shall not be the quantity of a foot left ; 
 what will be the dimensions of the remaining piece ? 
 
 A?is. 20.7 inches by 6.086. 
 
 17. What is the lenj»th of a chord which cuts off ^ of 
 the area of a circle, whose diameter is 289 ? 
 
 Ans. 278.G716. 
 
 18. What Avill the diameter of a globe be, when the solid- 
 ity an ! superficial contents are expressed by the same num- 
 ber ? Ans. 6. 
 
 19. A gentleman has a garden 100 feet long and 80 feet . 
 broad, and a gravel walk is to be made of an equal width 
 half round it ; what must be the breadth of the walk to 
 take up just half the ground? Ans 25.9G8 feet. 
 
ON LU i3ER SURVEYING. 
 
 n 
 
 ,' 6.086. 
 
 Ans. 
 
 
 20. How many 3-inch cubes may be cut out of a 1 2-inch 
 cube? Alls. 64:. 
 
 21. How high above the earth must a person be raised 
 that he may see one third of its surface ? 
 
 Ans. To the lieight of the earth's diameter. 
 
 22. How many feet of boards would cover tlie surface of 
 the earth, its diameter being 7,958 miles ; and how many 
 solid feet in it ? ' 
 
 f 5,546,407,680,000,000. No. of 
 feet of boards to cover it. 
 37,416,291,092,323,844,085,000. 
 No. of cubic feet in the earth. 
 
 23. If the diameter of a circle be 50 feet, what is the 
 circumference of it ? 
 
 24. Two pillars standing on a horizontal plane are 120 
 feet asunder; the height of the higher is 100 feet, and tliat 
 of the lower 80 ; whereabout in tiie plane must a person 
 place himself, so that his distance from tlie top of eitlier of 
 the piliars shall be equal to the distance between them ? 
 
 Ans. 91.78 feet from the bottom of the lower, 
 69.92 feet from the bottom of the other. 
 
 25. Three ships are equally distant from an island, the 
 first shin is 30 miles from tlie second, the second is 25 miles 
 from the third, and the third is 20 miles from the first ; re- 
 quired the distance to the isle ? 
 
 An.',. 15.118579 miles from each. 
 
 26. Prove that the elevation of the North or Polar star 
 above the horizon is equal to the latitude of the place where 
 its altitude is taken. 
 
 27. I have a board in the form of a triangle ; the length 
 of one of its sides is 16 feet. I wish to sell one half of it; 
 at what distance from the larger end must it be divided par- 
 allel to the larger end. Ans. 4.68 feet. 
 
 28. In 2,500 feet running lengths of 7 inches X ^ inches, 
 how many feet running lengths of 2^ inches X 1 1 ? 
 
72 
 
 SELF-INSTRUCTOR 
 
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ON LUMBER SURVKYING. 
 
 77 
 
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 (3 
 
 Hoio to use the Log or Timber Rule, 
 
 If tlic timber i.s taI)erin^^ the girt should be taken nbout 
 one third the di.stsince from the hirger to the .sinalU'r end. 
 Some take the <,nrt in the middle. Girt the lof; to be meas- 
 ured, and take the quarter of it, and measure the len<!;th of 
 the log. Then look along the to)) of the table till yon come 
 to the corresponding (jnarter girt; then rundown the colunm 
 underneath the quarter girt till you get opposite the length, 
 Avhere you will tind the contents. Or, you can iind the con- 
 tents by taking the diameter of the small end and (he length. 
 Then find the corresponding diameter at the foot of the table, 
 and ascend the line perpendicularly till you come opposite 
 the length, where you will find the contents. 
 
 !*• S. — This table allows one fourth of the true contents 
 of the log for bark, saw kerf, and waste slab. It has been 
 extensively used by timber merchants, and is just about as 
 fair a rule to go by as any I have seen. There are many 
 allowances to be made which are left to the scaler's iud<»-- 
 ment, and for wliich it would be almost impossible to make 
 due allowance in the tabic. 
 
 INTEREST. 
 
 Rule for Jill ding the interest at G per cent. — Multiply the 
 sum by the number of days, divide the product by G, then 
 
 strike off the right-hand figure. 
 
 EXAMPLE. 
 
 $200 
 1 2 days. 
 
 G)2400 
 
 400 = 40 cents is the interest. 
 
mmm 
 
 '8 
 
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 Hrs< Examjjle at Q per cen^ — ■Rpquired, 50 days interest on $100. 
 Interest on $100 for 30 days = 49 cents. 
 Interest on $100 for 20 days = 33 " 
 
 Am. 82 cents. 
 
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 Second Example at & per cent. — Required, the interest of $50 for 3 years, 
 2 months, and 10 days. 
 
 Interest on S50 for .? years = $9.00 
 Interest on S50 for 2 mos. r= 50 
 Interest on $50 for 10 days = 8 
 
 Ans. $!).C8 
 
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 WANTED. 
 
 Agents to sell this Book, throughout the United States, 
 the Dominion of Canada, California, and Oregon. Exchi- 
 sive territory given. Good inducements to agents. The 
 book will be sent to any address, free of postage, on receipt 
 of Two Dollars. Send Po.st-Office orders, or by express. 
 Address 
 
 CHARLES KINSLEY, 
 Calais, Ale., or St. Stephen, N. B. 
 
 NOTE. 
 
 All Lumber Manufacturers, Lumber Dealers, Millmen, 
 Carpenters, Carriage jVIakers, Shipbuilders, Cabinet Mak- 
 et-s, Ship Brokers, Ship Carpenters, Riilroad Conductors, 
 Engineers, Machinists, Freight Agents, Teachers, Students, 
 Architects, Merchants, Accountants, and others, will find 
 it to their advantage to procure a copy of this book, as the 
 knovdedge it imparts may save them in a few years' prac- 
 tice hundreds of dollars. The book contains twelve new 
 rules for finding the superficial contents of lumber, which 
 do the same work as one hundred and fifty of the rules 
 generally used. 
 
 CHARLES KINSLEY. 
 
states, 
 Exclu- 
 The 
 Gceipt 
 ress. 
 
 f , 
 
 LB. 
 
 llmen, 
 ; Mak- 
 uctors, 
 idents, 
 11 find 
 
 as the 
 i' prac- 
 'e new 
 
 which 
 i rules 
 
 EY.